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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง

2
00:00:02,850 --> 00:00:07,750
ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู„ูŠู† ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุฃู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุตุญุจูŠู‡ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง

3
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ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ููŠ ู…ุณุงู‚ู‰ ุงู„ bio mechanics and

4
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kinesiology ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ bio mechanics of

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tendon and ligament

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ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ tendon ูˆุงู„ ligament ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ connective

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tissues ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุจุท ุงู„ bones ุจ ..

8
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ูŠุง ุงู…ุง two bones ููŠ ุจุนุถ ููŠ ุงู„ joints ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฒู‰ ุงู„

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ligamentุฃูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ bone with the muscle ุฒูŠ ุงู„

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tendon ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู… ู„ู‡ู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจุณ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ููŠ

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ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ .. ุงู„ collagen ูˆ ุงู„ .. ูˆ ุงู„ elastin ู„ูƒู†

12
00:00:51,590 --> 00:00:56,430
ู‡ู… ุจูŠุญู…ู„ูˆุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ูˆ ู‡ู… ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ dense

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connective tissue ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† around the

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joints of the bodyุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ุงู„ ligament or tendon

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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ ligament ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุทุฉ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„

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tendons ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆุชุงุฑ ูˆ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจูŠู…ุฑูˆุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„

17
00:01:15,530 --> 00:01:19,810
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุงู„ู€ ligaments ู‡ูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุฑุจุท ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ู…ุน

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ุจุนุถู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุฃู…ุง ุงู„ tendons ูู‡ูŠ

19
00:01:26,310 --> 00:01:30,710
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚

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00:01:30,710 --> 00:01:38,230
ุงู„ุดุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ bone ูŠุจู‚ู‰ both located in

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and around the joints of the body and as a result

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they both subjected to largedistractive or tensile

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loads ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุดุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุญุงุตู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ..

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ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุณูˆุงุก ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุฃูˆ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู…

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ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุจุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช these are the structures that are

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largely responsiblefor providing joint stability

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during movement and function ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ joint

28
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stability ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุดูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ fundamental ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุชูƒูˆู†

29
00:02:12,030 --> 00:02:16,550
ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง ุณู„ุงุณุฉ ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง smoothness ุนุณุงุณ ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง

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00:02:16,550 --> 00:02:21,630
ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ ligament

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ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ muscles ุจุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ muscle ุจุงู„ูŠ ู„ุงู„

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tendon ุงู„ tendon ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุดุจูˆูƒ ุจุงู„ bone ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ

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ุงู„ tendon and ligaments are biologically active

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structuresู…ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ biological active structure ุงู†ู‡ู…

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ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ generation ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†

36
00:02:47,270 --> 00:02:53,650
ู…ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ู„ injury ู„ู„ aging ู„ุฃูŠ abnormal position ุฒูŠ

37
00:02:53,650 --> 00:02:57,350
ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ immobilization ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠ alteration ููŠ ุงู„

38
00:02:57,350 --> 00:03:02,070
composition and structureุจุชู‚ู„ ุฃูˆ ุจุงุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุตุฉ

39
00:03:02,070 --> 00:03:05,130
ุจุนุชู…ุฏ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู„ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„

40
00:03:05,130 --> 00:03:08,470
biological active structure ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ

41
00:03:08,470 --> 00:03:12,450
ุงู„ regeneration ุทุจุนุง ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง

42
00:03:12,450 --> 00:03:18,890
ุทุจุนุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู… ุฃูŠุถุง these

43
00:03:18,890 --> 00:03:22,630
changes in ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉ affect mechanical improperities

44
00:03:22,630 --> 00:03:25,820
ofthe tendon and ligament and as well the

45
00:03:25,820 --> 00:03:31,460
functioning of the joints they are associated ุทุจุนุง

46
00:03:31,460 --> 00:03:36,000
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถุญุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ knee

47
00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:44,560
ู…ูุตู„

48
00:03:44,560 --> 00:03:51,700
ุงู„ knee ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ูู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒู‡ู†ุง ููŠ

49
00:03:51,700 --> 00:03:56,890
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ tendonุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุดุจูˆูƒ ุจุงู„ ุจุชู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ tendon

50
00:03:56,890 --> 00:04:00,990
of the quadriceps ุงูˆ tendon ุจุชู„ุงุฆูŠ ูˆู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

51
00:04:00,990 --> 00:04:04,350
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ cartilage ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ ligament ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„

52
00:04:04,350 --> 00:04:11,010
lateral collateral ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุจุท ุงู„ููŠู…ุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ ุงู„

53
00:04:11,010 --> 00:04:16,830
tibia and also ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ media ุงู„ collateral

54
00:04:16,830 --> 00:04:21,790
ู„ุฌุงู…ุฏ ูˆ lateral collateral ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุจุท ุงู„ููŠู…ุฑ ู…ุน

55
00:04:21,790 --> 00:04:22,870
ุงู„ููŠุจูˆู„ุง

56
00:04:25,020 --> 00:04:32,220
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ุถุฌ

57
00:04:32,220 --> 00:04:38,420
ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุถุฌ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูุฑูˆุถุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฌู„ุณ ุงู„ุชู†ุถุฌ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุถุฌ ู‡ู†ุง

58
00:04:38,420 --> 00:04:45,860
ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ู„ู„ุทุจุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ูˆู† ุจุงู„ุทุจ ู…ุน ุชู†ุถุฌ ูˆุชู†ุถุฌ

59
00:04:45,860 --> 00:04:49,980
ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุถุฌ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุถุฌ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช

60
00:04:49,980 --> 00:04:51,360
ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ

61
00:04:53,790 --> 00:04:57,490
saw that treatments selected will stimulate

62
00:04:57,490 --> 00:05:02,110
positive tissue adaptation and improve joint and

63
00:05:02,110 --> 00:05:06,890
overall function ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ูƒุงุญู†ุง ูƒ

64
00:05:06,890 --> 00:05:12,990
clinicians ูƒููŠุฒูŠูˆ ุชูŠุฑุงุจูŠุณ ุงูˆ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุงูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠ ุญุฏ

65
00:05:12,990 --> 00:05:18,510
ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ movement ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ

66
00:05:18,510 --> 00:05:21,750
ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ mechanical properties ุชุจุน ุงู„ tendon

67
00:05:21,750 --> 00:05:26,360
and ligamentู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ ุงู„ interventions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง

68
00:05:26,360 --> 00:05:30,640
ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ exercise ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฏูู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุญุณู† ุงู„

69
00:05:30,640 --> 00:05:35,600
movement ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†ู‡ ุงูŠ limitation ููŠ ุงู„ ..

70
00:05:35,600 --> 00:05:39,000
ุงูˆ contracture ููŠ ุงู„ tendon ุงูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠุฌุงู…ู†ุช ู‡ุชุนู…ู„

71
00:05:39,000 --> 00:05:44,040
ุงู†ู‡ุง limitation ููŠ ุงู„ movement ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ structure

72
00:05:44,040 --> 00:05:47,720
of the connective tissue ุงู„ tendon and ligament

73
00:05:47,720 --> 00:05:52,440
compose of the connective tissue ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน

74
00:05:52,440 --> 00:05:57,020
ุงู„ู€ connective tissue of the body ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุช

75
00:05:57,020 --> 00:06:02,080
provide and maintain ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ body ุทุจุนุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู‡ูŠ

76
00:06:02,080 --> 00:06:06,540
supportive ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ tissue ูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„

77
00:06:06,540 --> 00:06:10,180
function ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง mechanical ุจุชุนู…ู„ connection and

78
00:06:10,180 --> 00:06:15,320
bind ู„ุณู„ ูˆ organs together ูˆ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ support ู„ ุงู„

79
00:06:15,320 --> 00:06:18,260
body ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชุนุทูŠ protection ูˆ ุจุชุนุทูŠ support

80
00:06:18,260 --> 00:06:22,910
ูˆ ุจุชุนุทูŠ bonding ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌู…ุน ุฌู…ูŠุน ุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง

81
00:06:22,910 --> 00:06:25,570
ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง

82
00:06:25,570 --> 00:06:29,210
ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง

83
00:06:29,210 --> 00:06:31,390
ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง

84
00:06:31,390 --> 00:06:33,310
ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง

85
00:06:33,310 --> 00:06:39,330
ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง

86
00:06:39,330 --> 00:06:44,650
ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง

87
00:06:48,730 --> 00:06:52,270
ุงู„ู€ connective tissue proper ู„ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ loose and

88
00:06:52,270 --> 00:06:58,270
dense connective tissue ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ loose connective

89
00:06:58,270 --> 00:07:01,050
tissue ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูˆุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ muscle sheets

90
00:07:01,050 --> 00:07:05,930
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃุบุดูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ

91
00:07:05,930 --> 00:07:08,370
ุงู„ุงุจูŠู…ูŠุฒูŠูˆู… ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠู…ูŠุฒูŠูˆู… ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆู…ูŠุฒูŠูˆู…

92
00:07:08,370 --> 00:07:13,090
supporting ุงู„ epithelial tissue and encircle neuro

93
00:07:13,500 --> 00:07:17,580
vascular bundles ููŠ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู† ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†

94
00:07:17,580 --> 00:07:24,220
ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจูŠุจุช .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ nutrition ุนู†

95
00:07:24,220 --> 00:07:27,760
ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ vascularization ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ nervous

96
00:07:27,760 --> 00:07:30,340
system ููŠ connection ู…ุน ุงู„ nervous system ูู‡ุฐู‡

97
00:07:30,340 --> 00:07:35,520
ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ tube ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„

98
00:07:35,520 --> 00:07:41,280
bundles of ุงู„ vascularization and nervous system

99
00:07:42,530 --> 00:07:46,990
Lose connective tissue is very delicate and not

100
00:07:46,990 --> 00:07:51,630
very resistant to stress and strain or strain ู„ุฃู†

101
00:07:51,630 --> 00:07:57,630
ู‡ูŠ loose ููƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ fibers ูˆ ุงู„ cells ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆ

102
00:07:57,630 --> 00:08:02,090
ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ matrix ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ู„ูŠุด ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฎููŠูุฉ

103
00:08:02,090 --> 00:08:07,010
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ุงุชูŠู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูู‡ู… ุดุบู„ุฉ ุฃู†

104
00:08:07,010 --> 00:08:09,700
ุงู„ lose connective tissue ูƒู…ูŠุฉุงู„ู€ fibers ูˆ ุงู„

105
00:08:09,700 --> 00:08:14,860
cells ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ .. ูˆ ุงู„ matrix ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„

106
00:08:14,860 --> 00:08:19,060
extra cellular matrix ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง

107
00:08:19,060 --> 00:08:26,160
ุจุนุถ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ connective tissues ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ

108
00:08:26,160 --> 00:08:30,420
ุงู„ dense ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุญุชุฎุชู„ู ุจุญุชุตุฑ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ fibers

109
00:08:30,420 --> 00:08:33,760
ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ cells ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ ground

110
00:08:33,760 --> 00:08:38,590
substance ุฃู‚ู„ูู‡ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ flexibility

111
00:08:39,480 --> 00:08:42,960
ูˆุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู„ stress ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง

112
00:08:42,960 --> 00:08:46,000
ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ pull ู…ู†

113
00:08:46,000 --> 00:08:51,440
ุงู„ muscles ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ bone ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ุทุน ู„ุฃ ุงุญู†ุง

114
00:08:51,440 --> 00:08:55,240
ุจุฏู†ุง ุชู†ุถู† ุฃูˆูŠ ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ stresses ุงู„ู„ูŠ

115
00:08:55,240 --> 00:08:58,860
ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ arbita ุทุจุนุฉ

116
00:08:58,860 --> 00:09:04,720
ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูˆูŠุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰

117
00:09:04,720 --> 00:09:09,680
stability of the shrineDermis of the skin is

118
00:09:09,680 --> 00:09:13,160
classified as dense irregular connective tissue

119
00:09:13,160 --> 00:09:16,780
ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ fibers ูˆ ุงู„ bundles ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡

120
00:09:16,780 --> 00:09:20,720
disorganized ูˆ ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง orientation ู…ุนูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง

121
00:09:20,720 --> 00:09:24,720
ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ tendon ูˆ ุงู„ ligament ูู‡ูŠ classified as

122
00:09:24,720 --> 00:09:27,860
dense and regular irregular connective tissue ู„ุฃู†

123
00:09:27,860 --> 00:09:31,780
ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† fibers ุฃูˆ bundles of fibers ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„

124
00:09:31,780 --> 00:09:34,700
orientation ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ bundles of fibers ู‡ุฐู‡

125
00:09:35,010 --> 00:09:38,390
ุงู„ู€ ligament ูˆ ุงู„ู€ tendon oriented parallel to

126
00:09:38,390 --> 00:09:42,830
each other ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุชุงู†ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุจุฉ

127
00:09:42,830 --> 00:09:47,210
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ stability this arrangement

128
00:09:47,210 --> 00:09:50,890
make them particularly well adapted to resisting

129
00:09:50,890 --> 00:09:55,550
the traction and tensile force ู„ุฅู† ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„

130
00:09:55,550 --> 00:09:59,810
ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง ู…ุนุฑุถูŠู† ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ pull ุฃูˆ ุงู„ traction ุฃูˆ ุงู„

131
00:09:59,810 --> 00:10:03,650
tension forcesุงู„ู€ composition of tendons and

132
00:10:03,650 --> 00:10:08,410
ligaments ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุฃูŠ dense connective tissue ุงู„

133
00:10:08,410 --> 00:10:11,870
tendons and ligaments composed of two major

134
00:10:11,870 --> 00:10:16,790
compartment ุงู„cell ูˆ ุงู„ extracellular matrix ูŠุนู†ูŠ

135
00:10:16,790 --> 00:10:19,790
ู‡ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ connective tissue ุฒูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ

136
00:10:19,790 --> 00:10:25,870
ุฒูŠ cocktail ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ูŠุทุงู„ู€ cell ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ primary cell

137
00:10:25,870 --> 00:10:29,170
type in the tendon and ligament ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ููŠุจุฑูˆุณุงูŠุช

138
00:10:29,170 --> 00:10:32,870
ุงู„ููŠุจุฑูˆุณุงูŠุช ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† mature cell ู„ู…ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†

139
00:10:32,870 --> 00:10:36,850
ููŠุจุฑูˆุณุงูŠุช ู‡ูŠ mature cell called fibroblast ู„ู…ุง

140
00:10:36,850 --> 00:10:40,850
ุจุชูƒูˆู† immature ุจุชูƒูˆู† fibroblast when it is

141
00:10:40,850 --> 00:10:44,790
actively manufacturing protein ุงู„ููŠุจุฑูˆุณุงูŠุช ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€

142
00:10:44,790 --> 00:10:53,500
fibroblast ู‡ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุนููŠ

143
00:10:53,500 --> 00:10:58,780
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€type ู…ู† ุงู„ู€cells ุงู„ู€cells make up only 20%

144
00:10:58,780 --> 00:11:02,440
of the total tissue volume ุงู„ู€fibrostatic blast ู‡ูŠ

145
00:11:02,440 --> 00:11:05,900
ุงู„ู€manufactures ู‡ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ secretion

146
00:11:05,900 --> 00:11:09,800
ู„ู„ู€extracellular matrix ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€extracellular

147
00:11:09,800 --> 00:11:14,080
matrixุŸ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ุงุชูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุจุท

148
00:11:14,080 --> 00:11:19,560
ุงู„ fibers ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ูmake up

149
00:11:22,370 --> 00:11:27,710
80% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€

150
00:11:27,710 --> 00:11:29,230
ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€

151
00:11:29,230 --> 00:11:30,170
ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€

152
00:11:30,170 --> 00:11:32,210
ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€

153
00:11:32,210 --> 00:11:39,930
ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€

154
00:11:39,930 --> 00:11:40,030
ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€

155
00:11:40,030 --> 00:11:40,450
ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€

156
00:11:40,450 --> 00:11:40,450
ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€

157
00:11:40,450 --> 00:11:40,450
ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€

158
00:11:40,450 --> 00:11:40,450
ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„

159
00:11:40,780 --> 00:11:45,360
ุทุจุนุง of ูƒู…ุงู† ground substance ุทุจุนุง ู„ู‚ูŠุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ ..

160
00:11:45,360 --> 00:11:50,580
ุงู„ .. ุงู„ mattress ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ุณูŠุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ูŠ

161
00:11:50,580 --> 00:11:54,440
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† gelatinous material that fills the space

162
00:11:54,440 --> 00:12:01,140
between cell and fibers ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง

163
00:12:01,140 --> 00:12:05,100
ุงู„ุฏุนู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุจุท ุงู„ extra cell

164
00:12:05,100 --> 00:12:10,040
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุจุท ุงู„ fibersู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ cells ู…ุน ุงู„

165
00:12:10,040 --> 00:12:14,560
fibers it is composed of non-collagenous

166
00:12:14,560 --> 00:12:18,420
structures ุฒูŠ ุงู„ glycoproteins ูˆ ุงู„ proteoglycan ูˆ

167
00:12:18,420 --> 00:12:25,240
ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ water ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู‚ุฏุงุด ููŠู‡ ุงู† ู†ุณุจ ู„ ุงู„

168
00:12:25,240 --> 00:12:30,020
water ูˆ ุงู„ collagen ูˆ ุงู„ elastin ูˆ ุงู„ proteoglycan

169
00:12:30,020 --> 00:12:34,340
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ collateral ุงู„ normal media ุงู„

170
00:12:34,340 --> 00:12:39,050
collateral ligamentsุทุจ ุงู„ fibers ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

171
00:12:39,050 --> 00:12:43,070
collagen ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ collagen ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุฃุจูŠุถ ูู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

172
00:12:43,070 --> 00:12:48,430
ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุจูŠุถ ู„ ุงู„ .. ุงู„

173
00:12:48,430 --> 00:12:51,790
fibers ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุฃูˆ ู„ุงู„ ligament ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู„ุงุญุธู†ุง ุฅุญู†ุง

174
00:12:51,790 --> 00:12:54,870
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ligamentุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุฃุจูŠุถ ุบูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงู„

175
00:12:54,870 --> 00:12:58,230
muscle ุงู„ muscle ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ muscle

176
00:12:58,230 --> 00:13:05,730
ู…ู„ูŠุงู†ุฉ blood vessels ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ fibers

177
00:13:05,730 --> 00:13:10,130
ุฃู‚ู„ ุทุจุนุง ู„ blood vessels ุทุจุนุง ูƒู†ุชุด manufactured by

178
00:13:10,130 --> 00:13:15,170
ุงู„ fibroblasts ูˆู‡ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ

179
00:13:15,170 --> 00:13:21,640
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ immatures ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุกูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€

180
00:13:21,640 --> 00:13:26,980
Collagen matures ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ mature ุฃูƒุฑุฑ ููŠู‡ an

181
00:13:26,980 --> 00:13:31,640
increase of both density and stability ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ

182
00:13:31,640 --> 00:13:35,780
ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุจุท which result in increased tissue

183
00:13:35,780 --> 00:13:39,580
strength and stiffness many type of collagen have

184
00:13:39,580 --> 00:13:43,340
been identified ู‡ู… ู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏ 19 ูŠุนู†ูŠ 19

185
00:13:43,340 --> 00:13:49,040
different collagen type ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ tendon ูˆ ุงู„

186
00:13:49,040 --> 00:13:49,680
ligaments

187
00:13:52,700 --> 00:13:55,580
ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง tendon ูˆ ุงู„ ligament ุจุชูƒูˆู† primarily ู…ู†

188
00:13:55,580 --> 00:14:00,720
type 1 ุงูˆ ุงู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 70% dry wet with a small amount

189
00:14:00,720 --> 00:14:04,920
of type 3 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ

190
00:14:04,920 --> 00:14:08,680
ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ and a trace ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ

191
00:14:08,680 --> 00:14:18,600
ุถุนูŠูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ type ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุงุด ูˆ ู‡ูƒ

192
00:14:18,600 --> 00:14:23,670
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุงุดHowever, the proportion of

193
00:14:23,670 --> 00:14:26,750
collagen type present various amounts specific

194
00:14:26,750 --> 00:14:32,130
tendon and ุทุจุนุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ู†ุณุจ ู„ู„ ..

195
00:14:32,130 --> 00:14:35,770
ุงู„ collagen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ tendon ูˆ ุงู„ ligament

196
00:14:35,770 --> 00:14:39,990
ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุญุณุจ ุงู„ ligament ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง example ุงู„ tendon

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ุจุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ type 3 collagen ูˆ ุงู„

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ligament ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ type 3 collagen ุทูŠุจ

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ู‡ู„ุฃ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Elastin ุงู„ู€ Elastin ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ

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ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู†ุณุจ ุฃู‚ู„ ููŠ ุงู„

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.. ููŠ ุงู„ ligament ููŠ ุงู„ fibers composition of the

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ligament ุงู„ุชู†ุฏู† ููŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ elastin ุนุดุงู†ูƒ

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ุงุญู†ุง ุจ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชู†ุฏู† ููŠ less elasticity ุทุจุนุง

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ุงู„ proportion ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ elastin ูˆ ุงู„

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collagen ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุญุณุจุงู„ู€ ligament ูˆ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ูˆ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡

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ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุถุฑู‡ ูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ lower limb big joint

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small joint ุญุณุจ ุงู„ joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ in

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most ligaments of the joints as in tendon ุงู„

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collagen present in much high proportion than

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elastin ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† collagen ุณูˆุงุก ููŠ

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ุงู„ ligament ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ tendon

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ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ Ground Substance ูู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† non-fibrous

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part of extracellular material composed of

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glycoprotein ูˆุจุฑูˆุชูŠูˆะณะปะธูƒุงู† ูˆูƒู…ุงู† water ุฅูŠุด ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง

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ุชุนู…ู„ adhesions of cells to the fibers and other

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extracellular matter ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ glue ุฒูŠ ุณู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

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ุจูŠุฌู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูˆุจูŠุฑุจุทู‡ุง ููŠ ุจุนุถู‡ุง

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ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ protein glucan ุจูŠุชู…ุซู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 1% ู…ู†

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ุงู„ tendon total dry weight ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ key role

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ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุดูƒู„ูˆุง key role ููŠ ุงู„ ligament ูˆ ุงู„

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tendon function ู„ุฅู† ู‡ู… ุจูŠุญุงูุธูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฑุงุจุท ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ

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ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุงุฃู…ุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠูˆ .. ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠูˆ ูƒู„ูŠุฑุงู†ุณ also

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help in regulate .. maintain the structural

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organization of the tissue by providing ุจุนุถ ุงู„

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support ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ spacing ุจูŠู† ุงู„ cells ูˆ ุงู„

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fibers of connective tissueุงู„ู€ vascular supply of

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the tendon and ligament ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ tendon ูˆ ุงู„

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ligament ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ู… less vascularization than ุงู„

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muscle ุงู„ muscle ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฅู†ู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง highly

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vascularized ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ูˆุฑุฏูŠ

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ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ tendon ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡

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vascularization ู .. ูˆ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุทุงุจุน ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡

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ูƒู…ูŠุฉ collagen ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ู…ุงุฆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูŠุงุฏ

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ุฃูƒุชุฑุงู„ู€ blood vessels in the tendons represent

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only about 1% ู„2% of the extracellular matrix,

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thus appear white compared to the highly

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musculated color of the muscle from which they

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originate ุงู„ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุชู†ุฏู† receive their blood supply

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directly ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูŠู…ูŠุฏูŠุงุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุดุงุก

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ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ outer part

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of the muscle ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุŒ ุงู„ุบุดุงุก ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูˆูƒู…ุงู†

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ู…ู† ุงู„berucin insertion ูˆู‚ุชุด ุงู„ tendon ุจูŠู…ุณูƒ ุจุงู„

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bone ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ berucin insertion ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ูˆูƒู…ุงู†

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ููŠ ุงู„ surrounding tissue ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€

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nutrition ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ neural component of the tendon

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and ligament ุทุจุนุง ููŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ููŠู‡

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various specialized nervous endings ุฃูˆ

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mechanoreceptors ููŠ ุงู„ ligament ูˆููŠ ุงู„ tendon ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ

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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุงู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุชุชุญู‚ู‚ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ

250
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ุงู„ู€position ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุฏ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€properception ูˆ

251
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ุงู„ู€non susceptions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูุจุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†

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ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€non susceptors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ

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ุงู„ู€properceptors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

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ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ligament and tendon ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุนุฑู ูˆุถุนูŠุฉ

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ุงู„ู€chanceุฃูˆ ูƒูŠู ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ movement ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ joint

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ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ blood ุงู„ nervous ุงู„ nerve ending ู‡ุฐู‡

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ุจุชุนู…ู„ regulation ู„ู„ blood flow ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ุชู†ุถู…ุงู…

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ุจู‡ูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ูˆู†ุฑุงูƒู…

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ููŠ ู„ู‚ุงุก ุงุฎุฑ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ biomechanical

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properties of the ligaments

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ุนู† ุชู†ุธูŠู