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1
00:00:01,010 --> 00:00:04,310
ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู†ุณุชูƒู…ู„ ู…ุน ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ

2
00:00:04,310 --> 00:00:10,770
carbohydrates two ูˆ ู‡ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจู€ case studyุŒ ุฃู†ุง 

3
00:00:10,770 --> 00:00:12,450
thirteen year old

4
00:00:17,780 --> 00:00:21,220
girl collapsed on a playground at schoolุŒ ุฌุงุจ ูุชุงุฉ

5
00:00:21,220 --> 00:00:27,680
ุนู…ุฑู‡ุง 13 ุณู†ุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูุชุงุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู†ู‡ุงุฑุช ููŠ ุณุงุญุฉ

6
00:00:27,680 --> 00:00:32,020
ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ when her mother was contactedุŒ ุงุชูˆุงุตู„ูˆุง ู…ุน

7
00:00:32,020 --> 00:00:35,660
ุฃู…ู‡ุง ูˆ she mentioned that her daughter had been

8
00:00:35,660 --> 00:00:38,580
losing weight and making frequent trips to the

9
00:00:38,580 --> 00:00:43,320
bathroom in the nightุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญูƒุช ุฃู†ู‡ ุจู†ุชู‡ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ

10
00:00:43,320 --> 00:00:49,420
ุจุชูู‚ุฏ ุจูˆุฒู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุงุช ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุญู…ุงู…

11
00:00:49,420 --> 00:00:54,120
ุจุงู„ู„ูŠู„ The emergency squad noticed a fruity breath

12
00:00:54,120 --> 00:00:58,740
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฅุณุนุงู ุงู„ู„ูŠ

13
00:00:58,740 --> 00:01:05,300
ุฃุฎุฏู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู† ุฑูŠุญุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูุชุงุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนุทุฑูŠุฉ

14
00:01:06,450 --> 00:01:09,170
on entrance to the emergency department her vital

15
00:01:09,170 --> 00:01:15,090
signs were as followsุŒ ูŠุจูŠู†

16
00:01:15,090 --> 00:01:19,610
ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ blood pressure 98 ุนู„ู‰ 50 ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€

17
00:01:19,610 --> 00:01:23,650
respirations rapid ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุชู†ูุณ ุณุฑูŠุนุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ู€

18
00:01:23,650 --> 00:01:28,030
temperature 99 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูู‡ุฑ ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ

19
00:01:29,400 --> 00:01:33,420
ุงู„ุขู† ุนู…ู„ูˆู„ู‡ุง ูุญูˆุตุงุชุŒ ุนู…ู„ูˆู„ู‡ุง random urine ูˆุนู…ู„ูˆู„ู‡ุง

20
00:01:33,420 --> 00:01:38,800
ุฃูŠุถุง serum ูˆุจูŠู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ urine ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง 505

21
00:01:38,800 --> 00:01:43,140
protein negative ู…ุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŒ glucose 4 plus

22
00:01:43,140 --> 00:01:48,310
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุงู„ูŠ ู„ู€ glucose ููŠ ุงู„ู€ urine ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ ุงู„ู€

23
00:01:48,310 --> 00:01:53,330
ketones ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ moderate ูˆู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง blood ููŠ

24
00:01:53,330 --> 00:01:57,610
ุงู„ู€ urineุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู€ serum ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

25
00:01:57,610 --> 00:02:01,090
ู…ุฑุชูุน 500 milligram per deciliterุŒ ketones positive

26
00:02:01,090 --> 00:02:05,750
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู€ blood urea nitrogen 6 milligram

27
00:02:05,750 --> 00:02:11,990
per deciliter ูˆ 30.4 ููŠุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ

28
00:02:11,990 --> 00:02:18,340
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒุŒ ุงู„ุฃุณุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจู‡ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ case

29
00:02:18,340 --> 00:02:21,940
identify this patient's most likely type of

30
00:02:21,940 --> 00:02:25,800
diabetesุŒ ุจูŠุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุนุทูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ุทูู„ุฉ

31
00:02:25,800 --> 00:02:29,860
ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ููŠ 

32
00:02:29,860 --> 00:02:33,320
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ketonesุŒ ุงู„ู€ ketones ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูุงูƒุฑูŠู†

33
00:02:33,320 --> 00:02:36,940
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ ketones ุจุชู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ type 1 diabetes

34
00:02:38,100 --> 00:02:41,680
ูˆุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุจู†ุช ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ุŒ type 1 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ diabetes

35
00:02:41,680 --> 00:02:47,160
mellitusุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡

36
00:02:47,160 --> 00:02:49,840
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง juvenile

37
00:02:50,960 --> 00:02:55,600
ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุงุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ type ู‡ูˆ type 1

38
00:02:55,600 --> 00:03:00,060
diabetesุŒ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุณุคุงู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ based on the neuro

39
00:03:00,060 --> 00:03:02,400
identification circle the common characteristics

40
00:03:02,400 --> 00:03:06,220
associated with that type of diabetes ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง

41
00:03:06,220 --> 00:03:09,540
ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง thirteen years oldุŒ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง weight lossุŒ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

42
00:03:09,540 --> 00:03:13,780
frequent alone night time bath room tripsุŒ ุชู…ุงู…

43
00:03:13,780 --> 00:03:16,580
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุงุฏูŠ signs ูˆ symptoms ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู€ diabetes ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

44
00:03:16,580 --> 00:03:21,970
fruity breathุŒ ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ serumุŒ glucose ุฎู…ุณู…ุงุฆุฉ

45
00:03:21,970 --> 00:03:24,750
milligram per deciliter ู…ุฑุชูุนุŒ ููŠู†ุง ketones ููŠ ุงู„ู€

46
00:03:24,750 --> 00:03:28,110
serumุŒ ุงู„ู€ urine ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ู€ glucose ู…ุฑุชูุนุŒ ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง

47
00:03:28,110 --> 00:03:33,030
ketones ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ urineุŒ what is the cause of the

48
00:03:33,030 --> 00:03:36,470
fruity breathุŸ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู…ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฃู† ููŠู†ุง ketones

49
00:03:36,470 --> 00:03:41,970
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ูˆู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ketone bodies ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ acetone ูˆ

50
00:03:41,970 --> 00:03:46,510
ุงู„ู€ acetone ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตู„ู‡ excretion ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

51
00:03:49,790 --> 00:03:53,650
ุงู„ุฒููŠุฑ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู†ุง ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ู„ู€ ุงู„ุงุณูŠุชูˆู† ู…ุน

52
00:03:53,650 --> 00:03:59,130
ุงู„ุฒููŠุฑุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ู€ fruity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ

53
00:03:59,130 --> 00:04:03,570
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ because of ketone bodies ูˆุจุดูƒู„

54
00:04:03,570 --> 00:04:08,450
ุฎุงุต ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ acetoneุŒ ุทูŠุจ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€

55
00:04:08,450 --> 00:04:11,530
hyperglycemia ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุดู‚ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู€

56
00:04:11,530 --> 00:04:13,310
hypoglycemia

57
00:04:15,220 --> 00:04:19,080
ุงู„ู€ hypoglycemia ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…

58
00:04:19,080 --> 00:04:22,760
ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู†ุฒู„ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุนู† ุฎู…ุณูŠู† milligram per

59
00:04:22,760 --> 00:04:25,240
deciliter ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุนู†ุฏู‡

60
00:04:25,240 --> 00:04:30,840
hypoglycemiaุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู†ุฒู„ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡

61
00:04:30,840 --> 00:04:35,460
ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุญูŠุงุชู‡ ููŠ ุฎุทุฑุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุชุจุฑ life threatening

62
00:04:35,460 --> 00:04:42,080
conditionุŒ ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ

63
00:04:42,080 --> 00:04:47,270
tissues ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ glucose ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†

64
00:04:47,270 --> 00:04:51,810
ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ tissues ู‡ุชุชุฃุซุฑุŒ ูˆ

65
00:04:51,810 --> 00:04:55,090
ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ central nervous

66
00:04:55,090 --> 00:04:59,070
systemุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู†ุงู‚ุต ููŠู‡

67
00:04:59,070 --> 00:05:02,370
ู„ู€ glucose ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ shaking ุฃูˆ tremors

68
00:05:02,370 --> 00:05:05,390
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฑุนุดุฉุŒ heart rate increase ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฏู‚ุงุช

69
00:05:05,390 --> 00:05:11,400
ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆุฎูู‚ุงู† ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ dizziness ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ ูƒุงู† ุฏูˆุฎุฉ

70
00:05:11,400 --> 00:05:16,900
cold sweat ุชุนุฑู‚ุŒ ูˆ if not corrected can result in

71
00:05:16,900 --> 00:05:20,020
unconsciousness ุจุณุจุจ ู…ุง ุฃุตุงุฑุด ููŠู‡ ุฅุนุทุงุก ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต

72
00:05:20,020 --> 00:05:24,820
glucose ุจุดูƒู„ ุณุฑูŠุนุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุจูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠูุชุฏ ุงู„ูˆุนูŠ

73
00:05:24,820 --> 00:05:29,920
ูŠุฏุฎู„ ููŠู‡ coma ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ูˆูุงุฉ

74
00:05:31,980 --> 00:05:35,800
ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุฎุต

75
00:05:35,800 --> 00:05:40,380
ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆ healthyุŒ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ

76
00:05:40,380 --> 00:05:44,940
ู„ู€ glucose ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑูุน

77
00:05:44,940 --> 00:05:48,720
ู„ู€ glucose concentration ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ glucagon ูˆุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€

78
00:05:48,720 --> 00:05:54,440
epinephrine ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ุจุชุจุฏุฃ

79
00:05:54,440 --> 00:05:58,600
ุชุดุชุบู„ุŒ ูˆู„ูˆ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุต ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ glucagon ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†

80
00:05:58,600 --> 00:06:04,300
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู†ุฒู„ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู€ glucose ุนู† ุนู† ุณุจุนูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุณุชูŠู†

81
00:06:04,300 --> 00:06:07,920
milligram per deciliterุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงุฒุงู„ ุงู„ู€ glucose ุนู†

82
00:06:07,920 --> 00:06:12,100
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต

83
00:06:12,100 --> 00:06:15,640
ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆ normal ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง release ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒุงุฌูˆู†

84
00:06:15,640 --> 00:06:23,250
ูˆุงู„ู€ glucagon ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€

85
00:06:23,250 --> 00:06:27,570
glucogenolysisุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ู„ู€ glucose ู…ุฑุฉ

86
00:06:27,570 --> 00:06:32,310
ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ู„ุฏู… ูˆุฑูุน ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

87
00:06:32,310 --> 00:06:35,870
ุจุฑุถู‡ hyperglycemic agents ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ cortisol

88
00:06:35,870 --> 00:06:40,290
ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ growth hormoneุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠู„ุนุจูˆุง ุฏูˆุฑ ู…ู‡ู…

89
00:06:40,290 --> 00:06:45,010
ุทูŠุจ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู€ hypoglycemia ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ุณู…ู‡ุง

90
00:06:45,010 --> 00:06:48,510
ู„ู†ูˆุนูŠู†ุŒ ููŠู†ุง reactive hypoglycemia ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†

91
00:06:48,510 --> 00:06:55,740
ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ stimulusุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ stimulus ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†

92
00:06:55,740 --> 00:07:03,720
ุบุงู„ุจุง ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„

93
00:07:03,720 --> 00:07:07,840
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ excessive insulin administrationุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰

94
00:07:07,840 --> 00:07:12,660
ุดุฎุต ู…ุตุงุจ ุจุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠ ูˆุจูŠุงุฎุฏ insulinุŒ ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู…

95
00:07:12,660 --> 00:07:17,370
ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง

96
00:07:17,370 --> 00:07:22,830
ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠุงุฎุฏ ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰

97
00:07:22,830 --> 00:07:27,810
ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ hypoglycemiaุŒ ุฃูˆ ููŠ

98
00:07:27,810 --> 00:07:31,830
ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ insulin ู„ูƒู†

99
00:07:31,830 --> 00:07:38,190
ุจูŠุฃูƒู„ุด ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ูˆุฌุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉุŒ ุฃูˆ

100
00:07:38,190 --> 00:07:43,230
ุจูŠุฃูƒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† carbohydrates ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ

101
00:07:43,230 --> 00:07:47,200
ุจูŠุฃูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุงุŒ ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุฌุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆ

102
00:07:47,200 --> 00:07:52,640
ุจูŠุฃูƒู„ ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุจุฐู„ ู…ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ

103
00:07:52,640 --> 00:07:57,360
ุจูŠุจุฐู„ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ hypoglycemia

104
00:07:59,100 --> 00:08:01,860
ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ reactive hypoglycemia is not usually

105
00:08:01,860 --> 00:08:04,440
related to any underlying diseaseุŒ ุจุฌู‡ู‡ุง ู…ุงููŠุด ุฃูŠ

106
00:08:04,440 --> 00:08:08,200
ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ู‡ุฐุง

107
00:08:08,200 --> 00:08:12,600
ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰ ู…ูุนูˆู„ู‡ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุชู‡ุช ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ spontaneous

108
00:08:12,600 --> 00:08:16,960
recovery of glucose level as insulin level return

109
00:08:16,960 --> 00:08:18,020
to normal

110
00:08:20,950 --> 00:08:24,830
ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ fasting hypoglycemiaุŒ ู‡ูŠุจูˆ

111
00:08:24,830 --> 00:08:27,050
ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆ

112
00:08:27,050 --> 00:08:32,070
ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆ

113
00:08:32,070 --> 00:08:34,410
ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆ

114
00:08:34,410 --> 00:08:35,630
ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆ

115
00:08:35,630 --> 00:08:38,190
ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆ

116
00:08:38,190 --> 00:08:42,190
ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆ

117
00:08:42,190 --> 00:08:50,690
ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠุจูˆ ุฅ

118
00:08:50,720 --> 00:08:54,340
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ insulin producing tumors

119
00:08:54,340 --> 00:08:58,520
of the pancreasุŒ ุจูŠู‡ุงู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ cancer ููŠ

120
00:08:58,520 --> 00:09:01,860
ุงู„ู€ pancreas ููŠ ุงู„ู€ beta cellsุŒ ูˆู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุชูุฑุฒ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ

121
00:09:01,860 --> 00:09:05,100
ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ insulinุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ุณู„ูŠูˆู†ูˆู…ุง

122
00:09:07,190 --> 00:09:12,710
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ insulinุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต

123
00:09:12,710 --> 00:09:18,490
ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุตุงู… ูˆุจุทู„ ููŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู€ carbohydrates

124
00:09:18,490 --> 00:09:24,590
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ hypoglycemiaุŒ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ hepatic

125
00:09:24,590 --> 00:09:29,150
dysfunction ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุจูŠู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ

126
00:09:29,150 --> 00:09:36,100
ู…ู‡ู… ููŠ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู„ู€ glucose ุณูˆุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู€

127
00:09:36,100 --> 00:09:40,820
glycogen ุงู„ู…ุฎุฒู† ุฃูˆ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ gluconeogenesis

128
00:09:40,820 --> 00:09:45,740
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุชู…ุงู… ูˆุตุงุฑ

129
00:09:45,740 --> 00:09:49,700
ุนู†ุฏูŠ fasting ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุญุงุณุณ ุฅู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€

130
00:09:49,700 --> 00:09:53,880
release of glucose to the bloodุŒ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€

131
00:09:53,880 --> 00:09:56,280
glucocorticoid deficiency ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€

132
00:09:56,280 --> 00:09:59,920
cortisol ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ hyperglycemic

133
00:09:59,920 --> 00:10:03,660
hormonesุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง

134
00:10:03,660 --> 00:10:09,160
ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ hypoglycemia ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง

135
00:10:09,160 --> 00:10:14,580
sepsis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ infection ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‡ุฐุง

136
00:10:14,580 --> 00:10:19,700
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ hypoglycemia ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†

137
00:10:19,700 --> 00:10:24,530
ุงู„ู€ stimulation ู„ู„ู€ insulin secretionุŒ ุจูŠุจุฌูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนู‹ุง

138
00:10:24,530 --> 00:10:27,510
ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ substance ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ

139
00:10:27,510 --> 00:10:31,190
ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ pancreas ูˆุชุนู…ู„

140
00:10:31,190 --> 00:10:36,210
stimulation ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ insulin release

141
00:10:37,990 --> 00:10:44,070
ูˆุทุจุนุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ hepatic

142
00:10:44,070 --> 00:10:48,550
glucose production ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€

143
00:10:48,550 --> 00:10:53,110
insulin ูˆุนู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู€ glucose production ู…ู† 

144
00:10:53,110 --> 00:10:57,110
ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰

145
00:10:57,110 --> 00:11:02,410
hypoglycemia ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู„ู€ low glycogen stores ุทุจุนุง

146
00:11:02,410 --> 00:11:07,230
ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

147
00:11:07,230 --> 00:11:11,150
ุจูŠุฌุงุนู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฌุณู… ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ู‚ุต ุนู†ุง ุงู„ู€ glucose ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€

148
00:11:11,150 --> 00:11:14,830
glycogen ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†

149
00:11:14,830 --> 00:11:19,750
ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ููŠ ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ุงู„ู€ glycogen ุฃูˆ ุงุณุชุฑุฌุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€

150
00:11:19,750 --> 00:11:22,510
glucose ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ glycogen ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ูŠ

151
00:11:22,510 --> 00:11:27,710
hypoglycemia ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€

152
00:11:27,710 --> 00:11:31,430
carbohydrate metabolism ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ genetic defects

153
00:11:35,710 --> 00:11:39,970
ูˆุฃู† ุงู„ู€ glycogen storage defect due to defect in a

154
00:11:39,970 --> 00:11:42,750
specific enzyme that cause an alteration of

155
00:11:42,750 --> 00:11:46,070
glycogen metabolism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณูˆุงุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฎุฒูŠู† 

156
00:11:46,070 --> 00:11:50,330
ู„ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ glycogen ุฃูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุฌุงุนุŒ

157
00:11:50,330 --> 00:11:54,180
ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ

158
00:11:54,180 --> 00:11:56,980
ููŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุชุญูƒูˆุง ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃู…ุง ููŠ

159
00:11:56,980 --> 00:12:03,020
ุงู„ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุฌุงุน ุงู„ู€ most common glucose-6

160
00:12:03,020 --> 00:12:06,300
-phosphatase deficiency type 1 ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ูŠุนุฑู ุจู€

161
00:12:06,300 --> 00:12:10,660
ุงู„ู€ von Gierke disease ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฅู†ู†ุง ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู€

162
00:12:10,660 --> 00:12:15,490
glucose-6-phosphatase ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„

163
00:12:15,490 --> 00:12:20,970
ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุฒุน ููˆุณูุงุช ุฌุฑูˆุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ glucose 6 ููˆุณูุงุช ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ

164
00:12:20,970 --> 00:12:28,170
ุชุญูˆูŠู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ glucose  ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… is unable to

165
00:12:28,170 --> 00:12:35,990
convert a glucose 6 ููˆุณูุงุช back to glucose ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

166
00:12:35,990 --> 00:12:38,410
ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€ carbohydrates

167
00:12:38,410 --> 00:12:43,960
metabolism ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ุงูƒุชูˆุฒูŠู†ูŠุง ู‡ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ

168
00:12:43,960 --> 00:12:47,820
ุงู„ู€ galactose ุจุณุจุจ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู€ enzymeุŒ ุฃู†ุง ู‚ุจู„

169
00:12:47,820 --> 00:12:52,920
ู‡ูŠูƒ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ glucose ูู‚ุท ูˆ

170
00:12:52,920 --> 00:12:57,480
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ galactose ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุชู… ุชุญูˆูŠู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰

171
00:12:57,480 --> 00:13:01,200
ุงู„ู€ glucose ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูŠุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ุทุจุนุงุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง

172
00:13:01,200 --> 00:13:05,180
ููŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ defect in enzyme needed to metabolize 

173
00:13:05,180 --> 00:13:11,640
galactose ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ุงูƒุชูˆุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…

174
00:13:11,640 --> 00:13:15,620
enzyme that most commonly deficient galactose-1

175
00:13:15,620 --> 00:13:21,340
-phosphate-uridyltransferase ูˆุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ุงูƒุชูˆุฒ

176
00:13:21,340 --> 00:13:26,340
ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ inhibition of

177
00:13:26,340 --> 00:13:34,370
glucogenolysis ูˆุญู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู‡ุฐุง ูŠูƒูˆู†

178
00:13:34,370 --> 00:13:39,050
.. ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ diet restriction ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุดูŠู„

179
00:13:39,050 --> 00:13:43,210
ุงู„ู€ galactose ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ diet ุงู„ุฎุงุต ููŠู‡ุŒ ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุนุทูŠู‡ ุฃูŠ

180
00:13:43,210 --> 00:13:47,730
galactose ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุฅู„ุง ุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุชุฑุงูƒู… ู„ู„ู€ 

181
00:13:47,730 --> 00:13:52,650
galactose ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ retardation ูˆ

182
00:13:52,650 --> 00:13:55,870
ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ cataract ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุชุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

183
00:13:55,870 --> 00:13:58,310
ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠู†

184
00:14:01,010 --> 00:14:04,710
ุทูŠุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุณูˆุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู€ diagnosis ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€

185
00:14:04,710 --> 00:14:10,490
management ู„ู€ patients with glucose ุทุจุนุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

186
00:14:10,490 --> 00:14:14,070
ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ูˆุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ

187
00:14:14,070 --> 00:14:17,710
ู‡ูŠุชู… ุงู„ูƒุดู ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุนู†ุฏู‡ hyperglycemia

188
00:14:17,710 --> 00:14:22,690
ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู€ glucose ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ hypoglycemia ุฃูˆ

189
00:14:22,690 --> 00:14:27,310
ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู†ู‚ุต ุทุจุนุง ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ

190
00:14:27,310 --> 00:14:29,930
ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุฃ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุญุฏุฏ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ hyperglycemia ุฃูˆ

191
00:14:31,060 --> 00:14:34,120
ุงู„ุฌู„ุงูŠุณูŠู…ูŠุง ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุจุชุชู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู†

192
00:14:34,120 --> 00:14:38,840
ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุชุชู… ููŠ

193
00:14:38,840 --> 00:14:44,180
ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€

194
00:14:44,180 --> 00:14:48,590
.. ุงู„ู€ hypoglycemia ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุณุจุจ ุงู„ู€ hyperglycemia

195
00:14:48,590 --> 00:14:52,390
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู… ุชุตู†ูŠู ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ type 1 ุฃูˆ

196
00:14:52,390 --> 00:14:57,230
type 2 ู…ุซู„ุง  ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ ุฃู† other laboratory tests

197
00:14:57,230 --> 00:15:02,750
have been developed to identify insulinoma ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

198
00:15:02,750 --> 00:15:06,050
ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ cancer ููŠ ุงู„ู€ beta

199
00:15:06,050 --> 00:15:10,370
pancreatic cells  ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃู† ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชู€ monitor

200
00:15:10,370 --> 00:15:13,250
glycemic control and the development of renal

201
00:15:13,690 --> 00:15:17,610
complications ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู€

202
00:15:17,610 --> 00:15:21,230
glucose ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃ ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ุดูˆู ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจุฏุฃุช ุงู„ู€

203
00:15:21,230 --> 00:15:26,370
complications ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูˆ ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€

204
00:15:26,370 --> 00:15:32,780
kidney ุงู„ู€ methods of glucose measurement ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ

205
00:15:32,780 --> 00:15:36,360
can be measured from serum plasma or whole blood

206
00:15:36,360 --> 00:15:41,000
ุฃูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ ุดุบู„ุงุช ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ

207
00:15:41,000 --> 00:15:45,080
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงู„ู€ sample needs to be refrigerated and

208
00:15:45,080 --> 00:15:47,780
separated from cells with one hour of collection

209
00:15:47,780 --> 00:15:52,220
ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุณุญุจู†ุง ุนูŠู†ุฉ

210
00:15:52,220 --> 00:15:57,160
ุงู„ุฏู… ู„ุงุจุฏ ู…ู† ูุตู„ู‡ุง ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุณุงุนุฉ

211
00:15:57,160 --> 00:16:03,980
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุชู‚ุฏูŠุฑ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง

212
00:16:03,980 --> 00:16:08,100
ูƒุงู† ุทูˆู„ู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ูƒู„ ุณุงุนุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุง ูู‚ุท ู„ู€

213
00:16:08,100 --> 00:16:11,980
12% ู…ู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง

214
00:16:11,980 --> 00:16:16,080
ุงู„ู€ serum ู…ุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุณุชู‡ู„ูƒ ููŠ

215
00:16:16,080 --> 00:16:19,640
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูˆ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุด 

216
00:16:19,640 --> 00:16:23,280
ู‡ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ูุตู„ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€

217
00:16:23,280 --> 00:16:25,720
fluoride ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ fluoride ู„ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„

218
00:16:25,720 --> 00:16:29,800
inhibition ู„ู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู€ glycolysis

219
00:16:29,800 --> 00:16:36,090
ูˆุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุด ู‡ุญูƒูŠ

220
00:16:36,090 --> 00:16:38,890
ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ู…ุด ู…ู€ .. ู…ุด ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุขู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€

221
00:16:38,890 --> 00:16:42,950
slides ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ุงู† ุฃูˆ .. ุฃูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ

222
00:16:42,950 --> 00:16:46,930
ุชู…ุงู… ู…ุด ู‡ุฐูƒุฑู‡ุง ู…ุด ู‡ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด

223
00:16:46,930 --> 00:16:50,950
ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ

224
00:16:50,950 --> 00:16:53,650
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ enzymatic methods ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ

225
00:16:53,650 --> 00:16:57,430
ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุฃูˆูƒุณูŠุฏุงุฒ ูˆ ู‡ุงู†

226
00:17:01,980 --> 00:17:05,420
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ beta-glucose ุจุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€

227
00:17:05,420 --> 00:17:10,980
agluconic acid ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง

228
00:17:10,980 --> 00:17:15,920
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ enzyme ุฃูŠุถุง amylase ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ูŠุญูˆู„ ุฃูŠ

229
00:17:15,920 --> 00:17:20,300
ุฃู„ูุง ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูŠุญูˆู„ู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ุจูŠุชุง ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ูˆุจูŠุชุง

230
00:17:20,300 --> 00:17:24,300
ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุชุญูˆู„ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆู†ูƒ ุฃุณุฏ

231
00:17:24,300 --> 00:17:27,760
ุจุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู…ุน ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุฃูƒุณูŠุฏุงุฒ

232
00:17:27,760 --> 00:17:33,100
ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆู†ูƒ ุฃุณุฏ ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ H2O2 ุงู„ู€H2O2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ

233
00:17:33,100 --> 00:17:37,310
ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุจูŠุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุน reduced

234
00:17:37,310 --> 00:17:39,830
chromagin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุงู„ู€ reagent ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง

235
00:17:39,830 --> 00:17:44,890
ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุงู‡ ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูŠุถุง ุจุงู„ู€ oxidase ุจูŠatch two ูˆ two

236
00:17:44,890 --> 00:17:48,670
ู…ุน reduced chromagin ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง oxidation ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€

237
00:17:48,670 --> 00:17:52,790
chromagin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ

238
00:17:52,790 --> 00:17:58,520
oxidized chromagin ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู„ูˆู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ููŠู‡

239
00:17:58,520 --> 00:18:02,100
ู„ู‡ absorbance ุฃูˆ maximum absorbance at wavelengths

240
00:18:02,100 --> 00:18:06,160
ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุขู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง

241
00:18:06,160 --> 00:18:10,920
ุชุชู†ุงุณุจ ู…ุน ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ glucose ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ sample

242
00:18:10,920 --> 00:18:14,120
ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุชู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ glucose

243
00:18:14,120 --> 00:18:17,680
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุงู„ู€ sample ุงู„ู€ concentration ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ุฃุนู„ู‰

244
00:18:19,080 --> 00:18:22,520
ู‡ู†ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ hexokinase enzyme

245
00:18:22,520 --> 00:18:25,580
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุนุชุจุฑ more accurate ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€

246
00:18:25,580 --> 00:18:29,800
interferences ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูƒุงู†

247
00:18:29,800 --> 00:18:32,980
ููŠู†ุง interference ู…ู† analytes ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณุฏ ุฒูŠ

248
00:18:32,980 --> 00:18:36,300
ุงู„ุจูŠู„ูˆุฑูˆุจูŠู† ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุงุณูƒูˆุฑุจูŠูƒ ุฃุณุฏ ู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ู€ hexokinase ุงู„ู€

249
00:18:36,300 --> 00:18:42,100
interferences ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ

250
00:18:42,100 --> 00:18:47,430
ู‡ู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ูˆููŠู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ reagent ATP ูˆููŠู‡ุง

251
00:18:47,430 --> 00:18:52,070
ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ู€ hexokinase ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ

252
00:18:52,070 --> 00:18:56,230
ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ 6-fosfate ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู…ุน ATP ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ

253
00:18:56,230 --> 00:19:00,730
hexokinase ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ 6-fosfate ูˆ ADP ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ

254
00:19:00,730 --> 00:19:05,670
6-fosfate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุจุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ุน NADB ูˆ ู…ุน

255
00:19:05,670 --> 00:19:09,810
ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุขุฎุฑ ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ 6-fosfate ุฏูŠู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุฒ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ

256
00:19:09,810 --> 00:19:14,230
NADPH ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ 6-fosfogluconate ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู…

257
00:19:14,230 --> 00:19:18,090
ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ NADPH ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู‡ maximum absorbance ุนู„ู‰

258
00:19:18,090 --> 00:19:24,570
ุชู„ุงุชู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† nanometer ุฅู†ู‡

259
00:19:24,570 --> 00:19:28,950
ู…ู† ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ diagnosis ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€

260
00:19:28,950 --> 00:19:33,670
oral glucose tolerance test OGTT ูˆุงู„ู€ OGTT

261
00:19:33,670 --> 00:19:37,310
regarded as the most robust means for establishing

262
00:19:37,310 --> 00:19:40,210
the diagnosis of diabetes in equivocal cases

263
00:19:40,710 --> 00:19:45,190
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ู†ุญุฏุฏ

264
00:19:45,190 --> 00:19:48,690
ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง diabetes ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ Oral

265
00:19:48,690 --> 00:19:53,050
Glucose Stellar Test ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุทุจุนุง ุฃูุถู„ ูุญุต

266
00:19:53,050 --> 00:20:02,590
ู„ู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ู„ู€ diagnosis ูˆุงู„ู€ OGTT ุฃูŠุถุง ุทุจุนุง ุจุชูˆุตูŠ

267
00:20:02,590 --> 00:20:08,320
ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุตุญุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ ุชุดูŠุฑ

268
00:20:08,320 --> 00:20:10,620
ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ูู‚ุท ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู„ุง ูŠุชู… ุชูุนูŠู„ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ

269
00:20:10,620 --> 00:20:13,360
ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ ู„ุง ูŠุชู… ุชูุนูŠู„ู‡ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ

270
00:20:13,360 --> 00:20:14,800
ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ

271
00:20:14,800 --> 00:20:20,360
ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ

272
00:20:20,360 --> 00:20:25,080
ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญูˆ

273
00:20:26,670 --> 00:20:33,030
OGTT ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ูŠุชู… ุฅุฌุฑุงุคู‡ ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญูƒู… ุชุญุช

274
00:20:33,030 --> 00:20:33,210
ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช

275
00:20:33,210 --> 00:20:36,310
ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช

276
00:20:36,310 --> 00:20:39,530
ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช

277
00:20:39,530 --> 00:20:39,730
ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช

278
00:20:39,730 --> 00:20:40,350
ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช

279
00:20:40,350 --> 00:20:42,750
ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช

280
00:20:42,750 --> 00:20:47,330
ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช ุชุญุช ุญุงู„ุงุช 

281
00:20:58,540 --> 00:21:02,060
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ tests of diabetes control ุชู…ุงู… ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„

282
00:21:02,060 --> 00:21:04,460
ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู†

283
00:21:04,460 --> 00:21:10,180
ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุจู†ุชุงุจุน ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุจู†ุชุงุจุน ู…ุฎุฒูˆู† ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… 

284
00:21:10,180 --> 00:21:14,020
ุจู†ุชุงุจุน ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ketone bodies ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

285
00:21:14,020 --> 00:21:17,500
disturbance ููŠ ุงู„ู€ electrolytes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ู„ุงุญ

286
00:21:17,500 --> 00:21:22,300
ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆ ุจู†ุดูˆู ุฃูŠุถุง ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ kidney ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง

287
00:21:22,300 --> 00:21:27,000
ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุจุชุชู… ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ูุญุต

288
00:21:27,000 --> 00:21:33,010
ู„ู€ glucose ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูŠูˆู…ูŠู†ุดูˆู

289
00:21:33,010 --> 00:21:36,530
ุฌุฏู‘ุงุด ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ glycosylated hemoglobin

290
00:21:36,530 --> 00:21:42,170
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin A1C ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุต ุจูŠุชู… ูƒู„ ุชู„ุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ

291
00:21:42,170 --> 00:21:47,390
ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ูƒูŠู ูƒุงู†

292
00:21:47,390 --> 00:21:55,550
ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุฃูˆ ู†ุดูˆู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูˆ ู‡ู„

293
00:21:55,550 --> 00:22:00,990
ู‡ูˆ ู…ู„ุชุฒู… ุจุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ ketone bodies

294
00:22:02,170 --> 00:22:05,930
ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ serum osmolality ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€

295
00:22:05,930 --> 00:22:09,830
electrolytes ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

296
00:22:09,830 --> 00:22:13,030
ุงู„ู€ imbalance ููŠ ุงู„ู€ electrolytes ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ

297
00:22:13,030 --> 00:22:18,130
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูู‚ุฏ ู„ู„ู€ electrolytes ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุงู„ู€

298
00:22:18,130 --> 00:22:22,970
glucose ู…ุฑุชูุน ูˆ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู€ microalbuminuria ุงู„ู„ูŠ

299
00:22:22,970 --> 00:22:27,650
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ albumin ููŠ

300
00:22:27,650 --> 00:22:33,860
ุงู„ู€ urine ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุนูƒุณ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู€

301
00:22:33,860 --> 00:22:37,940
glycosylated hemoglobin term used to describe the

302
00:22:37,940 --> 00:22:41,400
formation of hemoglobin compound when glucose

303
00:22:41,400 --> 00:22:44,880
reacts with the amino group of hemoglobin ููŠ

304
00:22:44,880 --> 00:22:53,360
ุฌู‡ุงู†ู†ุง ุฅู† ุญุณุจ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ูู‡ู†ุง ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ู†

305
00:22:53,360 --> 00:22:57,480
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ hemoglobinุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ูƒู„ ู…ุง

306
00:22:57,480 --> 00:23:00,980
ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ู€ concentration ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ glucose ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ

307
00:23:00,980 --> 00:23:06,440
ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ glucose ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin ูˆ ุงู„ู€

308
00:23:06,440 --> 00:23:11,260
ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ irreversible ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ูˆ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰

309
00:23:11,260 --> 00:23:17,960
ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจูŠููƒุด ุชุงู†ูŠ ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ

310
00:23:17,960 --> 00:23:23,250
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ red blood cells ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุนู…ุฑ

311
00:23:23,250 --> 00:23:27,850
ุงู„ู€ red blood cells ุชู…ุงู… ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

312
00:23:27,850 --> 00:23:31,310
ุงู„ู€ glycosylated hemoglobin ู†ุดูˆู ู‚ุฏู‘ุงุด ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€

313
00:23:31,310 --> 00:23:35,810
glucose ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠูƒุณู„ูŠ

314
00:23:35,810 --> 00:23:42,030
ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ glucose ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

315
00:23:42,030 --> 00:23:45,050
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดู‡ุฑูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ

316
00:23:53,230 --> 00:23:57,450
ูˆุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ whole blood

317
00:23:57,450 --> 00:24:02,310
ูˆ ุฅุญู†ุง ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ู€ ketone bodies are produced by the

318
00:24:02,310 --> 00:24:05,990
liver through the metabolism of fatty acids to

319
00:24:05,990 --> 00:24:12,860
provide energy from stored limits ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง

320
00:24:12,860 --> 00:24:16,000
ุฅุญู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Insulin ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง

321
00:24:16,000 --> 00:24:19,900
ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ Ketone bodies ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ู„ูˆ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Type 1

322
00:24:19,900 --> 00:24:23,960
diabetes Beta ุณูˆุงุก ุฏู‡ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ู€ Insulin

323
00:24:23,960 --> 00:24:28,080
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ glucagon ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ

324
00:24:28,080 --> 00:24:32,100
ุงู„ู€ gluconeogenesis ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ oxidation ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€

325
00:24:32,100 --> 00:24:37,010
metabolism of fatty acids ูˆุงู„ู€ Ketone bodiesุŒ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

326
00:24:37,010 --> 00:24:40,630
ุงู„ู€ Acetone ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Beta-hydroxybutyrate ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง

327
00:24:40,630 --> 00:24:47,610
ุงู„ู€ Acetoacetic acid ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€

328
00:24:47,610 --> 00:24:52,640
Ketone bodies ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ type

329
00:24:52,640 --> 00:24:57,280
1 diabetes mellitus ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฑุชูุน ุงู„ู€ ketone bodies

330
00:24:57,280 --> 00:25:02,920
ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ ketone bodies ู…ุญุชุงุฌ

331
00:25:02,920 --> 00:25:08,000
ุฅู„ู‰ fresh serum ุฃูˆ urine ูˆุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† tightly

332
00:25:08,000 --> 00:25:13,420
stoppered ูˆุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ analysis immediately

333
00:25:13,420 --> 00:25:19,910
ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃูŠุถุง ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ microalbuminuria ูˆู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง

334
00:25:19,910 --> 00:25:25,670
ุงู„ูุญุต ุจู†ูุญุต ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ albumin ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ urine

335
00:25:25,670 --> 00:25:29,610
ุชู…ุงู… ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€

336
00:25:29,610 --> 00:25:34,750
glomerulus ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฃู†ู‡

337
00:25:34,750 --> 00:25:40,970
ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑุด ููŠู‡ ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ู„ู€ proteins ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€

338
00:25:40,970 --> 00:25:45,290
glomerulus ุชู…ุงู… ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู…ู† ุถู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ albumin

339
00:25:45,290 --> 00:25:50,830
ู„ูƒู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ูˆุฒูŠ

340
00:25:50,830 --> 00:25:54,230
ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ microvascular complications

341
00:25:54,230 --> 00:26:00,550
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ blood vessels ูˆู…ู†

342
00:26:00,550 --> 00:26:04,150
ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ blood vessels ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€

343
00:26:04,150 --> 00:26:07,270
.. ุงู„ู€ vessels ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ glomerulus

344
00:26:07,270 --> 00:26:11,460
ุชู…ุงู… ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุคุซุฑ ุทุจุนุง ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ filtration

345
00:26:11,460 --> 00:26:17,240
ูˆูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ู„ู€ albumin ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆูŠุจุฏุฃ

346
00:26:17,240 --> 00:26:22,740
ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ albumin ููŠ ุงู„ู€ urine ุชู…ุงู… ู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ

347
00:26:22,740 --> 00:26:25,900
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุนุดุงู† ุฐู„ูƒ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ micro

348
00:26:25,900 --> 00:26:31,540
albuminuria ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ albumin ููŠ

349
00:26:31,540 --> 00:26:36,260
ุงู„ู€ urine it's an early sign that nephropathy is

350
00:26:36,260 --> 00:26:41,970
occurring ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูุญุต ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠู†ุนู…ู„ ุณู†ูˆูŠู‹ุง ู„ู…ุฑุถู‰

351
00:26:41,970 --> 00:26:46,710
ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู„ู„ุงุทู…ุฆู†ุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ kidney the lab monitor

352
00:26:46,710 --> 00:26:50,550
urinary albumin through measuring microalbumin in

353
00:26:50,550 --> 00:26:53,830
the urine ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ assessment ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ

354
00:26:53,830 --> 00:26:57,990
ุจุดูƒู„ ุณู†ูˆูŠ by the determination of urinary albumin

355
00:26:57,990 --> 00:26:58,570
execution

356
00:27:03,190 --> 00:27:08,730
ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุทุจุนุง ู„ู…ุฑุงู‚ุจุฉ

357
00:27:08,730 --> 00:27:13,390
ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู€ glucose ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ self

358
00:27:13,390 --> 00:27:17,970
-monitoring glucose meters ุทูŠุจ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ูƒู„ ุดุงู ู‡ุฐุง

359
00:27:17,970 --> 00:27:22,610
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡

360
00:27:22,610 --> 00:27:27,290
ุจู†ูุณู‡ ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฅู† ููŠ ุนูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ

361
00:27:27,290 --> 00:27:32,270
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุชู… ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ concentration

362
00:27:32,270 --> 00:27:40,450
ู„ู€ glucose ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชู… ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู‡ุง

363
00:27:40,450 --> 00:27:49,250
ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุจุฑูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุต ู„ุง ูŠุชู… ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„

364
00:27:49,250 --> 00:27:54,310
ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ point of care testing

365
00:27:54,310 --> 00:28:01,830
POCT ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ POCT ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูุญูˆุตุงุช ู…ุฎุจุฑูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู†

366
00:28:01,830 --> 00:28:06,110
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุญุต ุจุชุชู… ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู…ุง

367
00:28:06,110 --> 00:28:11,310
ุจุชุชู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ward ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุชุชู… ููŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†

368
00:28:11,310 --> 00:28:16,290
ุงู„ุนูŠุงุฏุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุชุชู… ููŠ ุนูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุจ ุชู…ุงู…

369
00:28:16,290 --> 00:28:19,350
ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุชู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ

370
00:28:21,420 --> 00:28:24,140
ุชู…ุงู…ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ

371
00:28:24,140 --> 00:28:26,920
glucose meters ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠ information so that

372
00:28:26,920 --> 00:28:29,380
therapeutic intervention may be initiated

373
00:28:29,380 --> 00:28:33,780
immediately glucose meters use the same chemical

374
00:28:33,780 --> 00:28:36,680
reactions that are used in glucose analysis in the

375
00:28:36,680 --> 00:28:41,090
laboratory ุจูุฌูŽู†ู’ูุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ

376
00:28:41,090 --> 00:28:45,070
ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุจุนุถ

377
00:28:45,070 --> 00:28:48,590
ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ glucose oxidase ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰

378
00:28:48,590 --> 00:28:51,330
ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ hexokinase

379
00:28:53,200 --> 00:28:56,380
ุชู…ุงู… most systems use dehydrated reagents embedded

380
00:28:56,380 --> 00:29:00,080
in pads on plastic strips ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€ strip ุจุงุฏ

381
00:29:00,080 --> 00:29:02,920
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ disposable

382
00:29:02,920 --> 00:29:07,760
ู„ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ strip ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ

383
00:29:07,760 --> 00:29:11,500
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ reagent ูˆุงู„ู€ reagents ุจุชูƒูˆู† dehydrated

384
00:29:11,500 --> 00:29:16,500
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู†ุฒูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุจุณ ุชู…ูˆุถุน ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ ..

385
00:29:16,500 --> 00:29:21,450
ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑุฉ ู„ู„ุฏู… ู‡ุงู† ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุฏู… ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€

386
00:29:21,450 --> 00:29:24,550
plasma ูˆู†ุณุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฅู† ุฏูŠ

387
00:29:24,550 --> 00:29:30,250
hydration ู„ู„ู€ reagent ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅู† ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ุฒูŠ ู…ุง

388
00:29:30,250 --> 00:29:35,690
ุดูู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€

389
00:29:35,690 --> 00:29:42,220
detection ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ detection ุจุชุชู… ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุชูŠู† ุฅู…ุง ููŠ

390
00:29:42,220 --> 00:29:45,080
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ reflectance

391
00:29:45,080 --> 00:29:50,720
spectrophotometry ุฃูˆ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ electrochemistry

392
00:29:50,720 --> 00:29:55,100
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ูˆู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง

393
00:29:55,100 --> 00:30:00,040
ูˆุงุถุญ ุจููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ slides ู‡ุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง

394
00:30:00,040 --> 00:30:03,440
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ reflectance

395
00:30:03,440 --> 00:30:08,720
spectrophotometry ูˆู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„

396
00:30:08,720 --> 00:30:12,320
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชู…ุงู… ูˆุญุณุจ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ

397
00:30:12,320 --> 00:30:17,000
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ูˆู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุจุชู…ู„ ูˆุชุณู„ูŠุท light ุจ

398
00:30:17,000 --> 00:30:22,570
wavelengths ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ light ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€

399
00:30:22,570 --> 00:30:28,010
wavelengths ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ wavelengths ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ..

400
00:30:28,010 --> 00:30:31,410
ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง

401
00:30:31,410 --> 00:30:35,550
maximum absorbance ุนู†ุฏู‡ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ุฏู‘ุงุด ุชูƒูˆู† ุฅู† ู…ู†

402
00:30:35,550 --> 00:30:39,250
ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‚ุฏู‘ุงุด ุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ absorbance ู„ู€ light

403
00:30:39,250 --> 00:30:46,320
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ light ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงุตู„ reflection ุชู…ุงู… ูƒู„

404
00:30:46,320 --> 00:30:49,580
ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ light ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงุตู„ reflection

405
00:30:49,580 --> 00:30:54,900
ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ุชู…ุงู… ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง detector ูˆุจูŠุตูŠุฑ

406
00:30:54,900 --> 00:30:59,220
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ analysis ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง

407
00:30:59,220 --> 00:31:03,150
ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ glucose ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

408
00:31:03,150 --> 00:31:05,390
ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… electrochemistry ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุงุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

409
00:31:05,390 --> 00:31:08,670
reference electrode ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ working electrode

410
00:31:08,670 --> 00:31:13,350
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ sample ูˆุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุทุจุนุง ุจููŠู‡

411
00:31:13,350 --> 00:31:19,710
ุงู„ุฌู‡ูˆุฏ ูˆูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠู…ุฑ ุจุชุนูƒุณ ู„ูŠ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€

412
00:31:19,710 --> 00:31:26,360
glucose ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู€ slides

413
00:31:26,360 --> 00:31:32,720
ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุชุด ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุด ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ูˆุขุฎุฑ ุดูŠุก ููŠู‡

414
00:31:32,720 --> 00:31:36,680
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ case study ุฃุฎุฑู‰ twenty year old

415
00:31:36,680 --> 00:31:44,050
woman delivered a 9.5 pound infant ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 4

416
00:31:44,050 --> 00:31:49,530
.3 ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุฌุฑุงู… ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ

417
00:31:49,530 --> 00:31:54,910
infant was above the 95th percentile for weight

418
00:31:54,910 --> 00:31:59,010
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุฒู†ู‡ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุทุจุนุง

419
00:31:59,010 --> 00:32:02,110
ุงู„ู…ูˆุงู„ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑูŠู†

420
00:32:03,010 --> 00:32:07,570
and lengths ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ูˆุฒู† ูˆุฃูŠุถุง ุจุงู„ุทูˆู„ the

421
00:32:07,570 --> 00:32:10,530
mother's history was incomplete ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุชุด ู‡ุฐู‡

422
00:32:10,530 --> 00:32:13,670
ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุจุชุงุจุน ููŠ ุนูŠุงุฏุฉ ูˆุนู† ุทุจูŠุจู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุด

423
00:32:13,670 --> 00:32:19,010
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุงุฑูŠุฎ ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจูŠ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ูˆู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ

424
00:32:19,010 --> 00:32:22,890
she 

425
00:32:22,890 --> 00:32:26,630
claimed to have had no medical care

426
00:32:31,640 --> 00:32:35,280
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู…ุงู† ู‚ุงู„ุช ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†ุงุช ูƒู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุชุชุงุจุน ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†

427
00:32:35,280 --> 00:32:40,380
ูˆุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ the infant became lethargic and 

428
00:32:40,380 --> 00:32:41,800
flaccid

429
00:32:43,780 --> 00:32:53,980
ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ุทูู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุฑุฎูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ

430
00:32:53,980 --> 00:32:59,340
ูƒุณูˆู„ ููŠุด ุฒูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠุด ุฃูŠ ู†ุดุงุท ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฃูŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ blood

431
00:32:59,340 --> 00:33:02,830
glucose and ionized calcium were performedุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰

432
00:33:02,830 --> 00:33:07,270
ุฃุฎุฏูˆุง ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ blood ูˆ ูุญุตูˆุง ุงู„

433
00:33:07,270 --> 00:33:10,390
glucose ูˆ ูุญุตูˆุง ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุงู„ ionized calcium ู„ุฃู† ุงู„

434
00:33:10,390 --> 00:33:13,990
ionized calcium ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ุฑุฎูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ

435
00:33:13,990 --> 00:33:18,550
ุฃูˆ ู…ุด ู…ุฌุฏูˆุฏ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูุญุตูŠู† ุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ู… in the

436
00:33:18,550 --> 00:33:23,250
nursery ูˆุทู„ุน ุฅู† ุงู„ whole blood glucose ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู†

437
00:33:23,250 --> 00:33:28,110
milligram per deciliter ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„

438
00:33:28,110 --> 00:33:31,370
ionized calcium ุทู„ุน ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ point ุชุณุนุฉ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู…ุง ููŠุด

439
00:33:31,370 --> 00:33:34,830
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ calcium ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ

440
00:33:34,830 --> 00:33:39,010
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ glucose ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู†ุฒู„ูˆุง

441
00:33:39,010 --> 00:33:43,310
ุงู„ glucose ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฏุฎู„

442
00:33:43,310 --> 00:33:47,630
plasma glucose was given

443
00:33:47,630 --> 00:33:52,320
ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ูˆุณุญุจูˆุง ูŠุง ุจุงู„ู…ุง ูŠุจุฏูˆ ูŠุนุทูˆุง ุงู„

444
00:33:52,320 --> 00:33:56,360
glucose ุณุญุจูˆุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆ ุจุนุชูˆุง ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุนู„ู‰

445
00:33:56,360 --> 00:34:00,960
ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชุฃูƒุฏูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ plasma

446
00:34:00,960 --> 00:34:03,820
glucose ุทู„ุนุช ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† milligram per

447
00:34:03,820 --> 00:34:09,340
deciliter ุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ whole blood

448
00:34:09,340 --> 00:34:13,040
ุชู…ุงู… ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ intravenous glucose

449
00:34:13,040 --> 00:34:18,880
ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุจุชู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุนุทุงู‡ุง ูˆุฅู„ุง ู‡ู†ูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ

450
00:34:21,620 --> 00:34:24,200
ุทูŠุจ give the possible explanation for the infants

451
00:34:24,200 --> 00:34:30,020
large birth weight and size ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู†

452
00:34:30,020 --> 00:34:32,800
ูุงูƒุฑุฉ ุฅู† ู„ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ gestation ุฏูŠุงุจุชุณ ู…ู„ูŠุชุณ

453
00:34:32,800 --> 00:34:39,460
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุชู…ุงู…

454
00:34:39,460 --> 00:34:46,780
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฅู† ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุทูู„ 4.3 ุฅู† ุงู„ุฃู… ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ููŠ

455
00:34:46,780 --> 00:34:52,170
ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฏูŠุงุจุชุณ your mother has diabetes ุทูŠุจ if the

456
00:34:52,170 --> 00:34:55,830
mother was a gestational diabetic why was her baby

457
00:34:55,830 --> 00:35:00,390
hypoglycemic ุทุจุนุงู‹ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฃุฉ ุฅุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง

458
00:35:00,390 --> 00:35:05,920
diabetes ุทูŠุจ ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ุทูู„ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ูˆู„ุฏุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡

459
00:35:05,920 --> 00:35:09,900
hypoglycemia ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูˆูู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ glucose ุงู„

460
00:35:09,900 --> 00:35:11,880
concentration ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† milligram ุจุงู„

461
00:35:11,880 --> 00:35:17,620
deciliter ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ุขู† fetal insulin secretion

462
00:35:17,620 --> 00:35:21,240
is stimulated in the unit of a mother with

463
00:35:21,240 --> 00:35:27,300
diabetes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุฃู… ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง DiabetesุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰

464
00:35:27,300 --> 00:35:31,600
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู…ุฑุชูุนุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุชุด ู…ู‡ุชู…ุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุจุชุงุฎุฏ

465
00:35:31,600 --> 00:35:35,500
ุฃูŠ ุนู„ุงุฌุŒ ุจุฌู„ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู…ุฑุชูุนุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ

466
00:35:35,500 --> 00:35:40,600
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฏู… ุงู„ุฃู…ุŒ ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ concentrationุŒ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ูˆูŠู†

467
00:35:40,600 --> 00:35:48,290
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉุŸ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุทูู„ ุณู„ูŠู… ู…ุด ุนู†ุฏู‡

468
00:35:48,290 --> 00:35:53,190
ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠ .. ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุฌุณู…ู‡ ุงู„

469
00:35:53,190 --> 00:35:57,330
glucose ู…ุฑุชูุน ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุจูŠูุฑุฒ insulin

470
00:35:57,330 --> 00:36:04,130
ุชู…ุงู… ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ glucose ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ

471
00:36:04,130 --> 00:36:11,540
ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู… ุงู„ glucose ุนุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ

472
00:36:11,540 --> 00:36:16,360
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุฃูุฑุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ insulin

473
00:36:16,360 --> 00:36:22,940
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰

474
00:36:22,940 --> 00:36:26,580
ุงู„ insulin ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุชู… ุงู„ูˆูู‚ุงุทุฉ

475
00:36:26,580 --> 00:36:31,280
ุงู„ุญุจู„ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ ุจุทู„ ููŠู‡ ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุนู†ุฏ

476
00:36:31,280 --> 00:36:36,960
ุงู„ุทูู„ ู…ุน ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ concentration ุงู„ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ

477
00:36:36,960 --> 00:36:41,400
.. ู…ู† ุงู„ insulin ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ insulin ุนุงู„ูŠ ูˆู…ุง ููŠุด

478
00:36:41,400 --> 00:36:44,980
ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู„ .. ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„ุŒ ุงู„ insulin ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ

479
00:36:44,980 --> 00:36:51,660
ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ูˆุนู…ู„ู„ูŠ hypoglycemia

480
00:36:51,660 --> 00:36:57,410
ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุฅู† ุงู„ุทูู„ ูƒุงู† ููŠ

481
00:36:57,410 --> 00:37:03,810
ุนู†ุฏู‡ hypoglycemia ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ู† ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุณูˆู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡

482
00:37:03,810 --> 00:37:08,590
ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุฅู† ุนู†ุฏ ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุทูู„ ูŠุชู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

483
00:37:08,590 --> 00:37:14,890
ุชุญู†ูŠู‚ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจูุทูŽู…ู’ุฑุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุนุทูŠู‡ ุงู„ุทูู„ ู…ุตุฏุฑ

484
00:37:14,890 --> 00:37:20,070
ู„ู‡ ู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุง ุณุจุญุงู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฅู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู†ู‚ุต

485
00:37:21,120 --> 00:37:25,240
ุทูŠุจ why was there a discrepancy between the whole

486
00:37:25,240 --> 00:37:27,840
blood glucose concentration and the plasma glucose

487
00:37:27,840 --> 00:37:31,120
concentrationุŸ ุฅุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ whole blood ู„ูˆ

488
00:37:31,120 --> 00:37:34,160
ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ glucometer ุงู„ concentration ูƒุงู†ุช ุฎู…ุณุฉ

489
00:37:34,160 --> 00:37:38,380
ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…ู†ุง ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„

490
00:37:38,380 --> 00:37:43,820
concentration ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุฅู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฅู† ุงู„

491
00:37:43,820 --> 00:37:48,610
whole blood ูˆุฅู† ุงู„ cells ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„

492
00:37:48,610 --> 00:37:53,950
ุงู„ plasma ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ

493
00:37:53,950 --> 00:37:57,550
ุงู„ glucose ุชู…ุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ plasma ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„

494
00:37:57,550 --> 00:37:59,690
glucose concentration ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ blood is

495
00:37:59,690 --> 00:38:04,230
approximately fifteen percent lower than the

496
00:38:04,230 --> 00:38:09,010
glucose concentration in serum or plasma ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง

497
00:38:09,010 --> 00:38:13,070
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุฑุงุฌุน ู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ whole

498
00:38:13,070 --> 00:38:17,680
blood ุทูŠุจ if if the mother had been monitored

499
00:38:17,680 --> 00:38:20,940
during pregnancy what laboratory test should have

500
00:38:20,940 --> 00:38:24,960
been performed and what criteria would have

501
00:38:24,960 --> 00:38:29,640
indicated that she had gestational diabetesุŸ ุทุจุนุงู‹

502
00:38:29,640 --> 00:38:33,200
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฃู… ู…ุชุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุญู…ู„

503
00:38:33,200 --> 00:38:38,420
ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡ุง ูˆุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุง ู‡ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡

504
00:38:38,420 --> 00:38:41,480
ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุดูˆู ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง gestational

505
00:38:41,480 --> 00:38:46,090
diabetes ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ approach for screening

506
00:38:46,090 --> 00:38:48,610
and diagnosis is the performance of a two-hour

507
00:38:48,610 --> 00:38:53,270
orally glucose tolerance test ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุชู… ูุญุต

508
00:38:53,270 --> 00:38:59,650
fasting ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง glucose ู„ู„ุญู…ู„ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†

509
00:38:59,650 --> 00:39:03,230
ุงู„ concentration ุทู„ุนุช ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 92 milligram per

510
00:39:03,230 --> 00:39:07,130
deciliter ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู„ู‡ orally glucose

511
00:39:07,130 --> 00:39:12,190
tolerance test ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุญุงู…ู„ ุงู„ reference interval

512
00:39:12,190 --> 00:39:17,370
ู‡ู†ุง ุงุฎุชู„ู ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ูˆ

513
00:39:17,370 --> 00:39:20,430
ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ insulin secretion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ

514
00:39:20,430 --> 00:39:26,150
ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุญุงู…ู„ ุงู„ reference interval ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ุฅู† ุงู„

515
00:39:26,150 --> 00:39:31,470
maximum ู‡ูˆ 92 ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 92 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ oral

516
00:39:31,470 --> 00:39:34,950
glucose tolerance test ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ

517
00:39:34,950 --> 00:39:40,620
ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู… ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู†

518
00:39:40,620 --> 00:39:43,540
ุฌุฑุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ glucose ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฅู† ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุชูŠู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู…ุง

519
00:39:43,540 --> 00:39:47,340
ููŠ ู…ุฆุฉ ุฌุฑุงู… ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ

520
00:39:47,340 --> 00:39:52,860
ุฃูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ุฌุฑุงู… ู…ู† ุงู„ glucose ุงู„ glucose measurement

521
00:39:52,860 --> 00:39:57,740
should be taken at fasting one hour and two hours

522
00:39:57,740 --> 00:40:02,660
fasting ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง glucose more than ninety two

523
00:40:02,660 --> 00:40:04,140
milligram per deciliter

524
00:40:06,880 --> 00:40:11,840
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ุดุบู„ุฉ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุทู„ุน ุฅู† ุจุนุฏ ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ ุงู„

525
00:40:11,840 --> 00:40:15,640
concentration of glucose ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 180 ูˆุจุนุฏ ุณุงุนุชูŠู†

526
00:40:15,640 --> 00:40:21,340
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 153 ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง diagnostic of gestational

527
00:40:21,340 --> 00:40:25,520
diabetes mellitus ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡

528
00:40:25,520 --> 00:40:29,360
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ diagnostic of gestational diabetes

529
00:40:29,360 --> 00:40:32,500
mellitus ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ู… ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง

530
00:40:32,500 --> 00:40:36,850
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ oral glucose test ุนุงุฏุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง fasting

531
00:40:36,850 --> 00:40:40,110
ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ูˆุฅุฐุง ู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุฅู† ุงู„ fasting ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง

532
00:40:40,110 --> 00:40:44,030
ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 92 ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ oral glucose

533
00:40:44,030 --> 00:40:47,890
tolerance test this test should be performed in

534
00:40:47,890 --> 00:40:51,910
the monitoring after an overnight fast of at least

535
00:40:51,910 --> 00:40:58,730
eight hours ูˆู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„

536
00:40:58,730 --> 00:41:03,010
carbohydrates ูˆูŠุนุทูŠูƒู… ุงู„ู ุนุงููŠุฉ