File size: 31,064 Bytes
3881076
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1
00:00:04,930 --> 00:00:07,310
ุจุงุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง

2
00:00:07,310 --> 00:00:11,430
ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู„ูŠู† ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุขู„ู‡ ูˆุตุญุจู‡ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ุทุจุนุง

3
00:00:11,430 --> 00:00:17,070
ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุณุชูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุณุงู‚ ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠุญ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ skeletal

4
00:00:17,070 --> 00:00:19,790
systemุŒ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุŒ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€ appendicular

5
00:00:19,790 --> 00:00:23,010
systemุŒ ูˆุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุฃู†ุง ุงุฎุชุฑุช ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนู†ุง ุงู„ู€ skeleton

6
00:00:23,010 --> 00:00:26,850
ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฑุงุฌุน ุงู„ู€ axial skeleton ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู†ู†ุฒู„ ู„ู„ู€

7
00:00:26,850 --> 00:00:32,790
appendicular skeleton. ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฅุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€

8
00:00:32,790 --> 00:00:36,450
axial skeleton ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ head ูˆุงู„ู€ neck ูˆุงู„ู€

9
00:00:36,450 --> 00:00:41,490
vertebral column ูˆุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€ rib cage ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€

10
00:00:41,490 --> 00:00:45,530
trunk. ู‡ู†ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ trunkุŒ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰

11
00:00:45,530 --> 00:00:50,630
ุงู„ู€ axial skeleton. ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ pectoral girdle ูˆุงู„ู€

12
00:00:50,630 --> 00:00:54,030
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ pelvic girdle ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ูƒูˆู† ุฃุณุงุณูŠ

13
00:00:54,030 --> 00:00:57,630
ู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ appendicular system ุงู„ู„ูŠ

14
00:00:57,630 --> 00:01:01,210
ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ upper limb ูˆุงู„ู€ lower limb ู…ุน ุงู„ู€

15
00:01:01,210 --> 00:01:05,580
pectoral girdle ูˆุงู„ู€ pelvic girdle. ุทุจุนุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†

16
00:01:05,580 --> 00:01:09,040
ุฅู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุงุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ skeletonุŒ ู„ูˆ

17
00:01:09,040 --> 00:01:14,080
ุฃุฌูŠู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€ lateral viewุŒ ูุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ

18
00:01:14,080 --> 00:01:18,720
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ neckุŒ ุงู„ู€ headุŒ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง lordosis ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€

19
00:01:18,720 --> 00:01:23,080
cervical columnุŒ ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง kyphosis ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ... ุฅุฐุง ู†ุฑุฌุน

20
00:01:23,080 --> 00:01:25,980
ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุชุŒ kyphosis ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€

21
00:01:25,980 --> 00:01:30,960
thoracicุŒ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ lordosis ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ lumbarุŒ ูˆููŠ

22
00:01:30,960 --> 00:01:37,420
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ sacrum and coccyxุŒ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ rib cage

23
00:01:37,420 --> 00:01:41,800
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ scapula and clavicle ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุชุจูุท

24
00:01:41,800 --> 00:01:45,500
ููŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ upper limbุŒ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ pelvic bone

25
00:01:45,500 --> 00:01:51,490
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ lower extremity. ู‡ุฐุง

26
00:01:51,490 --> 00:01:55,470
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ axial skeleton. ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู€

27
00:01:55,470 --> 00:01:59,850
appendicular skeletonุŒ ูุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ upper part ู‡ุฐุงุŒ

28
00:01:59,850 --> 00:02:03,170
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุฅุญู†ุง ุงู„ู€ non-weight bearing partุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€

29
00:02:03,170 --> 00:02:07,750
scapula and clavicleุŒ ู…ูƒูˆู† ู„ู„ู€ pectoral girdle ูˆุงู„ู€

30
00:02:07,750 --> 00:02:10,990
upper limb. ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุดุฑุญ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุฅุญู†ุง ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ู€

31
00:02:10,990 --> 00:02:15,530
slide ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุนู†ุง. ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ upper limbุŒ ููŠู‡ุง ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู†

32
00:02:15,530 --> 00:02:23,620
ุงู„ุนุธุงู…ุŒ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุนุธู… ุงู„ู€ humerusุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ radiusุŒ

33
00:02:23,620 --> 00:02:27,780
ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุฏูˆุฑุงู†ุŒ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ ulna

34
00:02:27,780 --> 00:02:32,640
ุจุชุนู…ู„ articulation ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ wristsุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ eight

35
00:02:32,640 --> 00:02:37,060
carpal bonesุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง first row ุฃุฑุจุนุŒ second row

36
00:02:37,060 --> 00:02:44,160
ุฃุฑุจุนุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ metacarpalsุŒ ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ phalanges ุทุจุนุง

37
00:02:44,160 --> 00:02:47,060
ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ phalanges ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน

38
00:02:47,060 --> 00:02:51,980
fingers. ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ thumb ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง two phalangesุŒ

39
00:02:51,980 --> 00:02:55,960
ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃุตุงุจุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง three phalangesุŒ

40
00:02:55,960 --> 00:02:59,980
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูˆู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ูู‚ุงุฑุจ ู…ู†

41
00:02:59,980 --> 00:03:04,080
ุงู„ุนุธุงู…. ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดุงุจู‡ ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ lower limb ุจุณ

42
00:03:04,080 --> 00:03:08,680
ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ lower limbุŒ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุฃุทูˆู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ

43
00:03:08,680 --> 00:03:13,260
ู‚ูˆุชู‡ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง weight bearing bonesุŒ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰

44
00:03:13,260 --> 00:03:16,840
ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ูˆู‚ู ุจู†ูˆู‚ู ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ lower limb.

45
00:03:18,030 --> 00:03:24,770
ุงู„ู€ pelvic girdle ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ู€ ilium ูˆุงู„ู€ ischium ู…ุน

46
00:03:24,770 --> 00:03:29,930
ุงู„ู€ pubisุŒ ุจูŠุชู„ุญู…ูˆุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ sacrum ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ู. ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง

47
00:03:29,930 --> 00:03:34,170
ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุญูˆุถุŒ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ anterior part ููŠ ุงู„ู€

48
00:03:34,170 --> 00:03:37,070
upper pelvicุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ abdominal visceralsุŒ

49
00:03:37,070 --> 00:03:40,210
ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ lower part ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ genitaliaุŒ ูˆูƒู…ุงู†

50
00:03:40,210 --> 00:03:44,010
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง attachmentุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ

51
00:03:44,010 --> 00:03:47,950
ู„ู„ู€ cervicalุŒ ูˆุจุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ trunkุŒ ูˆุจุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€

52
00:03:47,950 --> 00:03:52,370
lumbarุŒ ูˆุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ both pelvic bones.

53
00:03:52,370 --> 00:03:56,230
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ lower limbsุŒ ูˆุฅุญู†ุง ุงู„ู€

54
00:03:56,230 --> 00:04:00,290
contact ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ foot. ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

55
00:04:00,290 --> 00:04:04,570
ุงู„ู€ longest ูˆุงู„ู€ biggest bone in the bodyุŒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€...

56
00:04:04,570 --> 00:04:08,810
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ femurุŒ ูˆููŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡... ุฃู†...

57
00:04:08,810 --> 00:04:13,570
ุฃู†... ุฃู†... ู†ูุญุท ู‚ุฏุงู…ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ lower limb. ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€

58
00:04:13,570 --> 00:04:16,390
anterior part of the kneeุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง sesamoid bone

59
00:04:16,390 --> 00:04:19,370
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ู€ patellaุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ anterior part of the

60
00:04:19,370 --> 00:04:23,050
kneeุŒ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ tibia ูˆุงู„ู€ fibula. ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุดุฑุญ

61
00:04:23,050 --> 00:04:27,510
ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ. ุงู„ู€ tibia ูˆุงู„ู€ fibulaุŒ ุฅุญู†ุง

62
00:04:27,510 --> 00:04:29,970
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ... ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ radiusุŒ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ lower

63
00:04:29,970 --> 00:04:32,980
limb ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ tibia ูˆุงู„ู€ fibula. ุงู„ุชูŠุจูŠุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€

64
00:04:32,980 --> 00:04:35,600
weight bearing boneุŒ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ fibulaุŒ it is a non-weight

65
00:04:35,600 --> 00:04:38,980
bearing boneุŒ ุจุชู„ุชุญู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ ankle joint

66
00:04:38,980 --> 00:04:43,080
ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ talusุŒ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€... carpalุŒ ุงู„ู€ tarsalุŒ ู‡ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุจุงุฎุชู„ู

67
00:04:43,080 --> 00:04:46,520
ุงู„ู„ูุธุŒ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง tarsal bonesุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€

68
00:04:46,520 --> 00:04:50,540
bonesุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ calcaneus ูˆุงู„ู€ talusุŒ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€

69
00:04:50,540 --> 00:04:53,300
metatarsals.

70
00:04:53,940 --> 00:04:58,140
ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ phalangesุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูุณ ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู€ upper

71
00:04:58,140 --> 00:05:02,760
limb. ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง

72
00:05:02,760 --> 00:05:09,930
ู„ู„ูŠูˆู…. ุทูŠุจุŒ ู†ุดูˆู ุฅูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ slides ุงู„ูŠูˆู…

73
00:05:09,930 --> 00:05:15,590
ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€ appendicular systemุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€

74
00:05:15,590 --> 00:05:18,570
upper part of the bodyุŒ ุงู„ู€ pectoral girdle

75
00:05:18,570 --> 00:05:22,150
attached to the upper limb to the trunkุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ pelvic

76
00:05:22,150 --> 00:05:25,990
girdleุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูˆุถุญู†ุงุŒ attached lower limb. upper and

77
00:05:25,990 --> 00:05:29,110
lower limbs differ in functionุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู…ุง ุจูŠุฎุชู„ููˆุง ููŠ

78
00:05:29,110 --> 00:05:33,430
ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ. ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุนุดุงู† ุฅุญู†ุง ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูˆ

79
00:05:33,430 --> 00:05:37,590
ู†ุชุญุฑูƒุŒ ูˆู†ุงูƒู„ุŒ ูˆู†ุดุฑุจุŒ ูˆู†ู…ุดุทุŒ ูˆู†ู„ุจุณุŒ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ุŒ ุงู„ู€ two

80
00:05:37,590 --> 00:05:42,650
lower limbsุŒ ู‡ู…ุง ุจูŠ... ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ูŠู† ุนู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€

81
00:05:42,650 --> 00:05:44,650
ambulation ูˆุงู„ู…ุดูŠ.

82
00:05:46,890 --> 00:05:50,590
ุงู„ู€ articulation of the pectoral girdleุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง

83
00:05:50,590 --> 00:05:55,190
ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ clavicle ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€

84
00:05:55,190 --> 00:06:00,130
scapula. ุงู„ู€ clavicle ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ scapulaุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง joint

85
00:06:00,130 --> 00:06:06,540
ุงุณู…ู‡ acromioclavicular jointุŒ ูˆู…ุน ุงู„ู€ sternum ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ

86
00:06:06,540 --> 00:06:11,720
ู‡ูŠ ุนุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุตุŒ ููŠู‡ sternoclavicular joint. ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆููŠ

87
00:06:11,720 --> 00:06:15,380
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ lateral partุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

88
00:06:15,380 --> 00:06:19,480
ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ glenoid cavityุŒ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุชุนู…ู„

89
00:06:19,480 --> 00:06:23,320
articulation ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ head of the humerus.

90
00:06:27,990 --> 00:06:32,030
ุทุจุนุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูˆุถุญู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ู€ upper extremity consists of

91
00:06:32,030 --> 00:06:35,330
bones of the shoulder girdle, upper arm, lower

92
00:06:35,330 --> 00:06:39,530
arm, wrist and hand. shoulder girdle made up of

93
00:06:39,530 --> 00:06:43,110
scapula and clavicleุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ูˆุถุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง. ุงู„ู€

94
00:06:43,110 --> 00:06:49,630
clavicle forms only bony joint with the trunkุŒ ุฃู…ุง

95
00:06:49,630 --> 00:06:53,990
ุงู„ู€ sternumุŒ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ู€ sternoclavicular jointุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€...

96
00:06:53,990 --> 00:06:57,030
ุงู„ู€ scapula ู…ุง ููŠุด joint ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ trunk. ุงู„ู€ scapula

97
00:06:57,030 --> 00:07:01,250
ู…ุญุทูˆุทุฉ... ุญุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุดู†ูƒู„ ูƒุฏู‡ุŒ ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ... ุงู„ู€ scapula ู…ุน ุงู„ู€

98
00:07:01,250 --> 00:07:06,690
clavicleุŒ ูˆู…ุญุทูˆุทูŠู† ูƒุฏู‡ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ trunk. ูุงู„ู€

99
00:07:06,690 --> 00:07:11,070
scapulaุŒ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ููŠุด joint. ุงู„ู€ joint ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ

100
00:07:11,070 --> 00:07:17,430
ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€ acromioclavicular joint.

101
00:07:17,430 --> 00:07:21,370
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ joint ุฃุตู„ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ upper limbุŒ ุจุนูŠุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ู€

102
00:07:21,370 --> 00:07:26,410
trunk. ุงู„ู€

103
00:07:26,410 --> 00:07:30,730
pectoral girdle

104
00:07:30,730 --> 00:07:34,110
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ clavicle ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ scapulaุŒ

105
00:07:34,110 --> 00:07:38,790
ูˆู‡ูˆ ุทุจูŠุนุชู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ support ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ upper limb.

106
00:07:44,990 --> 00:07:50,250
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ุง. ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ู€ power point ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŒ ู†ูˆุถุญ

107
00:07:50,250 --> 00:07:56,210
ุนู„ู‰... ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุถุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุณู…. ู†ู‚ู„ุจุŒ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฎู„ููŠุฉ

108
00:07:56,210 --> 00:08:00,170
ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ scapula ู…ุง ููŠุด ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ุง ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅู„ุง ู…ู†

109
00:08:00,170 --> 00:08:04,250
ุงู„ุฎู„ู. ูู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ scapulaุŒ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุชู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง

110
00:08:04,250 --> 00:08:08,250
spineุŒ ุจูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ู€ acromion process ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูˆููŠู‡ุง

111
00:08:08,250 --> 00:08:13,250
infraspinous fossaุŒ ูˆููŠู‡ุง supraspinous

112
00:08:13,250 --> 00:08:17,450
fossa ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠ attachment ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุงุช. ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€

113
00:08:17,450 --> 00:08:21,150
medial borderุŒ ูˆููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ apexุŒ ูˆููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ lateral

114
00:08:21,150 --> 00:08:26,850
border of the scapula ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุจูŠูˆุตู„ ู„ู€... ุจูŠุนู…ู„

115
00:08:26,850 --> 00:08:29,750
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ lateral partุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ glenoid

116
00:08:29,750 --> 00:08:36,530
cavityุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ attachment ู…ุน ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€ humerus. ููŠ

117
00:08:36,530 --> 00:08:40,350
ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง coracoid processุŒ ุฒูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ุจู‡ุฐุง

118
00:08:40,350 --> 00:08:45,050
ุงู„ู…ุธู‡ุฑ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠ muscular

119
00:08:45,050 --> 00:08:53,950
attachment. ุฃู…ุง

120
00:08:53,950 --> 00:09:00,230
ุงู„ู€... ุงู„ู€ arm and forearm and the hand ุจุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง

121
00:09:00,230 --> 00:09:07,940
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู…ู† thirty bonesุŒ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ุนุธู…ุฉุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ูˆุถุญู†ุง

122
00:09:07,940 --> 00:09:11,440
ู‚ุจู„ ูƒุฏู‡. humerusุŒ radius and ulna and carpal bones

123
00:09:11,440 --> 00:09:17,200
and metacarpals and phalanges. ุชู…. ุงู„ู€ humerus ู…ู†

124
00:09:17,200 --> 00:09:22,580
ุตูุงุชู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง long boneุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง the longest of

125
00:09:22,580 --> 00:09:27,400
the upper limb bones. Articulated proximally with

126
00:09:27,400 --> 00:09:32,260
the glenoid fossaุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูˆุชุญุช ู…ุน ุงู„ู€

127
00:09:32,260 --> 00:09:35,900
ulna and radius.

128
00:09:38,660 --> 00:09:47,660
ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุชู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ head ูˆุงู„ู€ diaphysis ูˆุงู„ู€

129
00:09:47,660 --> 00:09:52,620
epiphysis.

130
00:09:54,320 --> 00:09:57,940
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุญุจ ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ูˆุถุญุŒ ุฃู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูˆุถุญ ูˆุฃู‚ุฑุจ

131
00:09:57,940 --> 00:10:01,120
ู„ูƒู…. ุฅุญู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€ tuberositiesุŒ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ grooveุŒ

132
00:10:01,120 --> 00:10:07,800
ุนู† ุงู„ู€ bicipital tuberosityุŒ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€ capitulum.

133
00:10:07,800 --> 00:10:14,180
ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ูˆุถุญู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ PowerPointุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูˆุถุญ ุดูˆูŠุฉ.

134
00:10:14,180 --> 00:10:17,920
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ headุŒ greater tuberosityุŒ lesser

135
00:10:17,920 --> 00:10:21,320
tuberosityุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง anatomical neckุŒ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

136
00:10:21,320 --> 00:10:26,040
surgical neckุŒ ูˆ deltoid tuberosityุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ capitulumุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€

137
00:10:26,040 --> 00:10:29,840
trochleaุŒ ูˆ coranoid fossaุŒ ูˆ olecranon fossa.

138
00:10:29,840 --> 00:10:36,260
ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุณูˆู…ุงุช. ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ radius ูู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

139
00:10:36,260 --> 00:10:42,690
a long boneุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ thumb side. ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ thumb

140
00:10:42,690 --> 00:10:46,850
sideุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ side. ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ radius

141
00:10:46,850 --> 00:10:52,230
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ thumbุŒ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ ulna ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€

142
00:10:52,230 --> 00:10:55,350
medial partุŒ ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ most lateral bone.

143
00:10:57,600 --> 00:11:01,560
ุงู„ู€ radiusุŒ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ articulation with the

144
00:11:01,560 --> 00:11:06,360
capitulum of humerusุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง radial notch

145
00:11:06,360 --> 00:11:10,800
of ulnaุŒ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจู‡ุฐู‡... ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู†ุจ ุงู„ู€ ulnaุŒ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ

146
00:11:10,800 --> 00:11:17,240
articulation with the head of radiusุŒ ูˆุชุชู‘ุตู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€

147
00:11:17,240 --> 00:11:20,980
scaphoid ูˆุงู„ู€ lunate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ู€ carpal

148
00:11:20,980 --> 00:11:25,260
bones ููŠ ุงู„ู€ first rowุŒ ุงู„ู€ scaphoid and lunate.

149
00:11:28,060 --> 00:11:34,900
ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ radiusุŒ ููŠู‡ุง... ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ lateral forearm bone ุงู„ู„ูŠ

150
00:11:34,900 --> 00:11:39,740
ู‡ุง headุŒ ูˆ radial tuberosityุŒ ูˆ styloid process. ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ

151
00:11:39,740 --> 00:11:43,100
ุงู„ู€ styloid processุŸ ุฅุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุง ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุฅูŠุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰

152
00:11:43,100 --> 00:11:46,960
ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุณุบุŒ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฅู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนุธู…ุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ

153
00:11:46,960 --> 00:11:49,840
ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุฏูˆุฑุงู†ุŒ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ู…ุนุงู†ุงุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง

154
00:11:49,840 --> 00:11:52,600
ุงู„ู€ styloid processุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ process ุงู„ู„ูŠ

155
00:11:52,600 --> 00:11:57,360
ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ skeleton.

156
00:12:00,900 --> 00:12:04,880
ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ ulna ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูู‡ูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง long boneุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ

157
00:12:04,880 --> 00:12:10,080
ุงู„ู€ little fingerุŒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง

158
00:12:10,080 --> 00:12:13,740
medial bone of the forearmุŒ articulated

159
00:12:13,740 --> 00:12:16,720
proximally with the humerus and radiusุŒ and

160
00:12:16,720 --> 00:12:19,860
distally with the fibrocartilaginous disc ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ

161
00:12:19,860 --> 00:12:26,670
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ wrist joint ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ. ุทุจุนุง ููŠ

162
00:12:26,670 --> 00:12:29,350
ุงู„ู€ trochlear notchุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠูƒุฑุงู†ูˆู† process ุงู„ู„ูŠ

163
00:12:29,350 --> 00:12:32,630
ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง. ุฅุญู†ุง ูƒู„ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุฅูŠุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุคุฎุฑ ุฅูŠุฏู†ุง

164
00:12:32,630 --> 00:12:37,990
ุจู†ุญุณ ุฅู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนุธู…ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ

165
00:12:37,990 --> 00:12:41,970
ุงู„ู€ epiphysis of the ulnaุŒ ุจุชุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠูƒุฑุงู†ูˆู†

166
00:12:41,970 --> 00:12:49,650
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠูƒุฑุงู†ูˆู†. ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

167
00:12:49,650 --> 00:12:55,130
trochlea ุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ attachment ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ humerusุŒ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

168
00:12:55,130 --> 00:13:00,630
ุงู„ู€ radial notchุŒ ู‚ู„ู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจุŒ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ

169
00:13:00,630 --> 00:13:04,470
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ coranoid processุŒ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ

170
00:13:04,470 --> 00:13:09,190
ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ styloid process ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง

171
00:13:09,190 --> 00:13:13,490
ุงู„ุดูƒู„. ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฅูŠุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู‡ู†ุดุนุฑ... ู†ุดุนุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ

172
00:13:13,490 --> 00:13:20,850
ุจุฑูˆุฒ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุนุธู…ุฉ ุจุงุฑุฒุฉ. ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ wrist and handุŒ ูุฅู†

173
00:13:20,850 --> 00:13:23,970
ุงู„ู€ carpal bonesุŒ ููŠ 16 carpal boneุŒ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰

174
00:13:23,970 --> 00:13:27,710

223
00:17:45,010 --> 00:17:47,970
ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฑูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ slide ูƒู„ู‡ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุดุฑุญู†ุง

224
00:17:47,970 --> 00:17:52,810
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ skeleton ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ pubic arch ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€

225
00:17:52,810 --> 00:17:56,370
skeletoparasite ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ุฃุณูƒู… ุงู„ู€ skeletoparasite

226
00:17:56,370 --> 00:18:05,890
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ุนุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ pubic

227
00:18:05,890 --> 00:18:09,850
arch ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุจุชุฏุช ุงู„ูุฑุงู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูุฑุงู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง

228
00:18:09,850 --> 00:18:14,640
ุญุฏ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ passage ู„ู„ู€ nerve supplies ู„ู„ู€ nerve and

229
00:18:14,640 --> 00:18:16,380
vascular supplies

230
00:18:20,400 --> 00:18:24,160
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง greater and lesser pelvic ุงู„ู€

231
00:18:24,160 --> 00:18:27,280
greater pelvic ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ lumber vertebra

232
00:18:27,280 --> 00:18:31,320
posteriorly and iliac bone laterally and abdominal

233
00:18:31,320 --> 00:18:35,020
wall anteriorly ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ greater ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ

234
00:18:35,020 --> 00:18:40,600
ูƒู„ ุงู„ูุฑูˆุน ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ lesser ูู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

235
00:18:40,600 --> 00:18:45,380
ุงู„ู€ sacrum ูˆ ุงู„ู€ coccyx ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ lower

236
00:18:45,380 --> 00:18:49,880
ilium ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ischium ูˆ ุงู„ู€ pubis laterally

237
00:18:53,140 --> 00:18:57,820
ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ male and female pelvicุŒ ุงู„ูุฑู‚

238
00:18:57,820 --> 00:19:03,560
ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุฎู„ู‚ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ female pelvic ุฎู„ู‚ ุนุดุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู†

239
00:19:03,560 --> 00:19:07,580
ููŠ passage ู„ู„ุฌู†ูŠู†

240
00:19:07,580 --> 00:19:12,380
ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู€ delivery ูู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฎุตุงุฆุต ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ

241
00:19:12,380 --> 00:19:19,060
ุนู† ุงู„ู€ male pelvicุŒ ุงู„ู€ female pelvic ูŠูƒูˆู† more

242
00:19:19,060 --> 00:19:23,540
flared border hip pubic arch angle greater ุญุชู‰

243
00:19:23,540 --> 00:19:27,140
ุชุณู…ุญ passage ู„ู„ู€ baby more distance between

244
00:19:27,140 --> 00:19:32,060
ischial spine and ischial tuberosity ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€

245
00:19:32,060 --> 00:19:37,100
sacral curvature shorter and flatter ูˆ ุงู„ุนุธุงู…

246
00:19:37,100 --> 00:19:43,470
ุทุจุนุง ุฃุฎูุŒ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุฏุฑุณ ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ู…ุง

247
00:19:43,470 --> 00:19:45,370
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ male and female

248
00:19:48,300 --> 00:19:51,920
ุจุงู„ูุนู„ ุทุจุนุง ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ู€ lower limbs ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง

249
00:19:51,920 --> 00:19:54,660
ุงู„ู€ femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal,

250
00:19:54,780 --> 00:19:59,440
metatarsal and phalangesุŒ ุงู„ู€ femur ู‡ูŠ longest bone ุฒูŠ

251
00:19:59,440 --> 00:20:04,280
ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ู€ largest bone ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ fovea

252
00:20:04,280 --> 00:20:08,420
capitisุŒ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ูุชุญุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุฌูˆุฉ ุงู„ู€ head ููŠ

253
00:20:08,420 --> 00:20:11,540
ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุชุนู…ู„ attachments ู„ุฅูŠู„ูŠูˆููŠู…ุฑุงู„

254
00:20:11,540 --> 00:20:15,020
ligament ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ greater trochanter ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ head ุทุจุนุง

255
00:20:15,020 --> 00:20:20,850
ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ neck ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ greater trochanter, lesser trochanter ูˆ ููŠ

256
00:20:20,850 --> 00:20:24,870
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ linea aspera ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ attachment ู‡ูŠ

257
00:20:24,870 --> 00:20:30,690
ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุงุŒ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง attachment ู„ู„ู€

258
00:20:30,690 --> 00:20:36,450
quadriceps muscles ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ condyles ูˆ ุงู„ู€ epicondyles

259
00:20:36,450 --> 00:20:40,070
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง epicondylesุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนู„ู‰

260
00:20:40,070 --> 00:20:43,450
ุทุฑููŠู† ุงู„ู€ condyles ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุฑูˆุฒ ุตุบูŠุฑ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ epicondyles

261
00:20:43,450 --> 00:20:47,540
ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ุจุชู„ุฉ ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ kneecap ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€

262
00:20:47,540 --> 00:20:50,380
anterior surface of the kneeุŒ ุนุธู…ุฉ ู…ู† ู†ูˆุน

263
00:20:50,380 --> 00:20:55,980
sesamoid bone ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจุฃูˆุชุงุฑ ุงู„ู€ quadriceps

264
00:20:55,980 --> 00:21:02,740
ุงู„ุชูŠุจูŠุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุงูุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ shaftุŒ ุงู„ู€ shaft ููŠ ู„ู‡ุง

265
00:21:02,740 --> 00:21:08,220
ุจุฑูˆุฒ ูƒุฏู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ medial condyleุŒ ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง

266
00:21:08,220 --> 00:21:10,880
condyles ูˆ tibial tuberosity ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ู€ tibial

267
00:21:10,880 --> 00:21:14,760
tuberosity ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ attachment ู„ู„ู€

268
00:21:14,760 --> 00:21:19,440
quadriceps tendon ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ patellar tendon ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง

269
00:21:19,440 --> 00:21:22,060
ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ anterior crest ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ู„ู‡ุง medial

270
00:21:22,060 --> 00:21:25,720
malleolus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู„ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุญุณูŠู†ุง

271
00:21:28,890 --> 00:21:32,370
ูุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุจุฑูˆุฒุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฒ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ู€ medial

272
00:21:32,370 --> 00:21:35,250
malleolus ูˆููŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุฑูˆุฒ ู„ู„ููŠุจูŠูˆู„ุง ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ู€

273
00:21:35,250 --> 00:21:39,970
lateral malleolus ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ููŠุจูŠูˆู„ุง ูู‡ูŠ ุนุธู…ุฉ

274
00:21:39,970 --> 00:21:42,890
lateral ูˆ long cylindrical headุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ non

275
00:21:42,890 --> 00:21:46,430
-weight bearing bone ู…ุง ุจุชุญู…ู„ุด ุฃูŠ weight bearing

276
00:21:46,430 --> 00:21:50,430
ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ูƒุณุฑุช ู…ุง ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ุฅู„ุง ู…ู†

277
00:21:50,430 --> 00:21:56,000
ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ ankle ูˆ footุŒ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ ankle and foot ููŠ

278
00:21:56,000 --> 00:22:01,380
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุนุธู…ุฉ

279
00:22:01,380 --> 00:22:04,920
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ calcaneus ูˆ ุงู„ู€ talus ูˆ ุงู„ู€ navicular ูˆ

280
00:22:04,920 --> 00:22:08,080
ุงู„ู€ cuboid ูˆ ุงู„ู€ cuneiform ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ lateral cuneiform

281
00:22:08,080 --> 00:22:11,240
ูˆ ุงู„ู€ intermediate cuneiform ูˆ ุงู„ู€ medial cuneiform

282
00:22:11,240 --> 00:22:15,220
ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ูˆุถุญูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ skeleton ุจู‡ุฐุง

283
00:22:15,220 --> 00:22:21,370
ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ุŒ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ metatarsals ููŠ

284
00:22:21,370 --> 00:22:25,210
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ten metatarsalsุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ

285
00:22:25,210 --> 00:22:30,010
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑุŒ ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ phalanges ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ

286
00:22:30,010 --> 00:22:38,430
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ four lateral toes ููŠู‡ู… ุซู„ุงุซ phalanges ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ

287
00:22:38,430 --> 00:22:42,050
ุงู„ู€ proximal, intermediate and distalุŒ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ thumb

288
00:22:42,050 --> 00:22:48,150
ูู‡ูˆ only two phalangesุŒ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ู†ูุณ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ upper

289
00:22:48,150 --> 00:22:48,410
hand

290
00:22:51,900 --> 00:22:55,040
ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง arches of the footุŒ ู„ูˆ ู„ุงุญุธู†ุง

291
00:22:55,040 --> 00:22:58,480
ุฅู† ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู„ู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณูู„ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡

292
00:22:58,480 --> 00:23:02,840
archุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง medial arch ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†

293
00:23:02,840 --> 00:23:05,360
ู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู€ skeleton ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุดูˆู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง

294
00:23:05,360 --> 00:23:09,320
ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูˆุถุญ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅู† ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ medial arch ูˆููŠ ู‡ู†ุง

295
00:23:09,320 --> 00:23:13,400
slightly smaller lateral archุŒ ู…ุง ุงุนุฑูุด

296
00:23:13,400 --> 00:23:18,310
ุฅุฐุง ูˆุงุถุญ ุจุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃุŒ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† transverse

297
00:23:18,310 --> 00:23:22,050
archุŒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฅูŠุด ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ู…ุŸ ุงู„ู€ arches ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ

298
00:23:22,050 --> 00:23:25,930
shock absorption ุนุดุงู† ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ู…ุด ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชู†ุทุจู‚

299
00:23:25,930 --> 00:23:29,330
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุชุงุฎุฏ ุถุฑุจุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ shock

300
00:23:29,330 --> 00:23:35,630
absorption ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุฎูู ุงู„ุตุฏู…ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ู€ foot

301
00:23:35,630 --> 00:23:38,430
ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… flat footุŒ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุด

302
00:23:38,430 --> 00:23:42,640
ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ sole of the foot does not

303
00:23:42,640 --> 00:23:47,100
rest flat on the groundุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง .. ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ูŠุด

304
00:23:47,100 --> 00:23:49,880
ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด flatุŸ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง arches ุจุชsupport the weight

305
00:23:49,880 --> 00:23:53,540
of the bodyุŒ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง blood vessels

306
00:23:53,540 --> 00:23:57,000
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ sole of the footุŒ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฃุฑุฌู„ ุจุชู†ุฒู„

307
00:23:57,000 --> 00:24:01,540
flat ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง squeezing ุฃูˆ ุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰

308
00:24:01,540 --> 00:24:05,200
ุงู„ู€ vessels ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ

309
00:24:05,200 --> 00:24:08,480
ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู‚ูˆุณุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู†ู†ุฒู„ ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰

310
00:24:08,480 --> 00:24:13,690
ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู…ุง ุชู†ุฒู„ุด flat ุชุถุบุท ุงู„ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ

311
00:24:18,340 --> 00:24:22,660
ุทุจุนุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ powerpoint ู…ูˆุถุญุฉ ุงู„ู€ archesุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

312
00:24:22,660 --> 00:24:26,520
ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ lower limb ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ foot

313
00:24:26,520 --> 00:24:30,400
ุจุงู„ุฐุงุช ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง hallux valgusุŒ ุชู„ุงุญุธ ุฅู† ุจุนุถ

314
00:24:30,400 --> 00:24:37,480
ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ first toe

315
00:24:37,480 --> 00:24:42,560
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ hallux ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ deviation of

316
00:24:42,560 --> 00:24:45,780
the great toe at the metatarsophalangeal joint

317
00:24:45,780 --> 00:24:50,720
ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ incidence ุฃูƒุชุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ women ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ menุŒ ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ

318
00:24:50,720 --> 00:24:53,480
ุนู† ุงู„ู€ bad fitting shoesุŒ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ shoes ุฃู†ุชู…

319
00:24:53,480 --> 00:24:56,400
ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ ุญุฐุงุก ุงู„ุถูŠู‚

320
00:24:56,400 --> 00:25:01,120
ู‡ุฐู‡ ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุตุงุจุน ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุฏู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุถุบูˆุทุฉ ุฌูˆุงู‡ุง

321
00:25:01,120 --> 00:25:05,350
ูุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ long term ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ ู„ู†ุง ู…ุดุงูƒู„ุŒ ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ

322
00:25:05,350 --> 00:25:10,770
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง short ู„ู„ู€ first metatarsal ุจุชุคุฏูŠ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ

323
00:25:10,770 --> 00:25:13,850
ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ู€ deformity ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ

324
00:25:13,850 --> 00:25:18,530
ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุชุทูˆุฑ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ pull of the

325
00:25:18,530 --> 00:25:23,180
muscles around the halluxุŒ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ hallux rigidus

326
00:25:23,180 --> 00:25:26,280
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ calcification ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€

327
00:25:26,280 --> 00:25:29,220
metatarsophalangeal joints ุฃูˆ osteoarthritis

328
00:25:29,220 --> 00:25:35,580
changes ูู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุนู…ู„ painful and stiff toeุŒ

329
00:25:35,580 --> 00:25:39,610
big toeุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ pes planus ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ flat

330
00:25:39,610 --> 00:25:44,010
feet ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฃุฑุฌู„ู‡ู… ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ arches ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ู…ุณูˆุญุฉ

331
00:25:44,010 --> 00:25:49,550
ูุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†

332
00:25:49,550 --> 00:25:53,350
depression ุฃูˆ collapse ู„ู„ู€ longitudinal archุŒ

333
00:25:53,350 --> 00:25:58,310
result  ุฅู† foot ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† laterally ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰

334
00:25:58,310 --> 00:26:03,190
ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ laterallyุŒ ุงู„ู€ head of the talus no

335
00:26:03,190 --> 00:26:07,190
longer supportedุŒ the cause of a flat foot both

336
00:26:07,190 --> 00:26:11,110
congenital or acquiredุŒ congenital ุฅู†ู‡ ุจู†ูˆู„ุฏ ู„ุฃู†ู‡

337
00:26:11,110 --> 00:26:14,730
ู…ู† ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… flat foot ุฃูˆ acquired ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง

338
00:26:14,940 --> 00:26:19,180
ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ุดุฐูˆุฐ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ุฏุงุฆู…ุง

339
00:26:19,180 --> 00:26:23,180
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ุฐ ุงู„ุทููˆู„ุฉ ุณูŠุฆุฉ ูุจุชุฃุซุฑ ู‡ุฐุงุŒ ูˆุฃุนุทูŠูƒู…

340
00:26:23,180 --> 00:26:25,800
ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุฌูˆ ุฃู† ุฃูƒูˆู† ุฃูˆุถุญุช ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู€

341
00:26:25,800 --> 00:26:28,900
appendicular system ูˆุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ foot

342
00:26:28,900 --> 00:26:30,380
ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡