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1
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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ
2
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ุนู† ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ู…ู†ูุฑุฏุฉ ุงุชุนุฑูู†ุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ mono
3
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-saccharides ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ di-saccharides
4
00:00:34,750 --> 00:00:39,930
ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ุตุฏู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุจ di-saccharides ุงู†ู‡ ุฌุฒูŠุฆูŠู†
5
00:00:39,930 --> 00:00:43,910
ู…ู† ุงู„ mono-saccharides ูŠุชุญุฏูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
6
00:00:43,910 --> 00:00:51,360
ุงูŠุดุŸ di-saccharide ุงู„ุงู† ู…ุด ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ุด ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู…ุด ุฏุงุฆู…ุง
7
00:00:51,360 --> 00:00:54,820
ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฆูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ู… ูŠุชุญุฏูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฒูŠ
8
00:00:54,820 --> 00:01:00,140
ุจุนุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ุจุฏุฃ ุงุญูƒูŠ ุงู†ุง ุนู† ุฏุงูŠุณุง ูƒุฑุงูŠุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุฌูŠุจ
9
00:01:00,140 --> 00:01:06,260
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฆูŠู† ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุจูƒู„ ู…ุญุชูˆูŠุงุชู‡ู… ุทุจุนุง ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„
10
00:01:06,260 --> 00:01:09,680
stereo chemistry ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุชู…ุงู…ุง ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
11
00:01:09,680 --> 00:01:14,040
ุฏุงูŠุณุง ูƒุฑุงูŠุฏ ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุฌูŠุจ ุฌุฒูŠุฆูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
12
00:01:14,040 --> 00:01:19,820
ุฏุงูŠุณุง ูƒุฑุงูŠุฏ ูู…ุด ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠู…ุด ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ู€ disaccharide
13
00:01:19,820 --> 00:01:26,240
ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฆูŠู† ู†ูุณู‡ู… ุชู…ุงู…ุงุŒ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
14
00:01:26,240 --> 00:01:30,560
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ูุนู„ุง ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฆูŠู† ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† disaccharide
15
00:01:30,560 --> 00:01:36,920
ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฌุฒูŠุฆูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ู„ู…ุง
16
00:01:36,920 --> 00:01:45,550
ู†ุณุชุนุฑุถ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ disaccharides ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ูˆูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุฏุงุฃูˆู„
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00:01:45,550 --> 00:01:51,710
ุฏุงูŠุณุง ูƒุงุฑุงูŠุฏ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุณุชุนุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุชูˆุฒุŒ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ
18
00:01:51,710 --> 00:01:57,970
ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุชูˆุฒุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฏูŠุณุง ูƒุงุฑุงูŠุฏ ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุณูƒุฑูŠู†
19
00:01:57,970 --> 00:02:03,070
ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒุŒ ู„ูƒู† ููŠู‡ู… ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ููŠ ุงู„ stereo chemistry
20
00:02:03,470 --> 00:02:08,830
ููŠู‡ู… ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ููŠ ุงู„ stereo chemistry ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ
21
00:02:08,830 --> 00:02:14,730
ู…ู†ู‡ู… alpha glucose ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ู… beta glucose ุงู„ุขู†
22
00:02:14,730 --> 00:02:19,390
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ู…ุนู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ alpha ูˆ ุงู„ beta
23
00:02:19,390 --> 00:02:24,930
sugars ุจุตูŠุฑูˆุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุณูƒุฑ ุงุฎุฑ carbon ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„
24
00:02:24,930 --> 00:02:29,300
anomeric carbon ูˆ ู†ุนู…ู„ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒุงุช
25
00:02:29,300 --> 00:02:35,240
ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ fifth chiral center ูุฅุฐุง ุงู„ OH ูƒุงู†ุช
26
00:02:35,240 --> 00:02:40,020
ู„ู„ุฃุณูู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุชุญุฏูŠุฏุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ
27
00:02:40,020 --> 00:02:46,120
Alpha ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ู„ุฃุนู„ู‰ Beta ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ maltose ู„ูˆ
28
00:02:46,120 --> 00:02:50,760
ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ูŠู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุณูƒุฑ ู…ุชุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ anomeric
29
00:02:50,760 --> 00:02:54,560
carbon ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฃู†ุง ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ anomeric
30
00:02:54,560 --> 00:02:59,820
carbon ู†ูƒูˆู† ู…ุนู„ู…ูŠู†ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณุงู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุชุญุฏูŠู†
31
00:02:59,820 --> 00:03:07,180
ุงู„ุขู† ุงุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ oxygen ููŠู‡ alpha
32
00:03:07,180 --> 00:03:18,840
ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ oxygen ููŠู‡ betaูˆุงุถุญ ูุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ
33
00:03:18,840 --> 00:03:24,740
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† Alpha-Glucose ู…ุน Beta
34
00:03:24,740 --> 00:03:29,660
-Glucose ู‡ู‰ ุฏูˆู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ูŠุชุตู„ูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐุง
35
00:03:29,660 --> 00:03:35,440
ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู† OH ูƒุงู† Alpha-Glucose ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† Beta
36
00:03:35,440 --> 00:03:41,320
-Glucose ูุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชุตู„ูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
37
00:03:41,320 --> 00:03:45,060
ู„ู…ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุชุฑู‚ูŠู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน
38
00:03:46,020 --> 00:03:49,540
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุชุญุฏูˆุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ Oxygenุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ู…ูˆู‚ุน
39
00:03:49,540 --> 00:03:55,920
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ูˆุงุถุญ ูุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ู†
40
00:03:55,920 --> 00:04:03,040
Alpha ูˆ ู…ู† DุจูŠุชุง ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ูˆุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
41
00:04:03,040 --> 00:04:09,900
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ ู†ู‚ุฑุฃ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุชุจุนู‡ ู‡ุชุญุณูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุด ุตุนุจ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู†
42
00:04:09,900 --> 00:04:15,120
ุชุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุจูŠุชุง ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ุน ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุซู„
43
00:04:15,120 --> 00:04:19,960
ุดูˆ ูƒู†ุชูˆุง ู‡ุชุณู…ูˆู‡ four ู…ุซู„ ุจูŠุชุง ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ
44
00:04:23,450 --> 00:04:29,690
ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ู€ Beta ููŠ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… Beta-D-Glucobiranose
45
00:04:29,690 --> 00:04:35,170
ู…ุด ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ ู„ุฃู† ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒู… ุณูƒุฑุฉ ุญู„ู‚ุฉ ุณุฏุงุณูŠุฉ
46
00:04:35,170 --> 00:04:40,030
Glucobiranose ูˆD ูˆ Beta ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุถุน
47
00:04:40,030 --> 00:04:45,410
Beta ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ู†
48
00:04:45,410 --> 00:04:50,950
ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ Oxygen ู…ุชุญุฏ ุจุฅูŠุด ุจ Alpha-D-Glucobiranose
49
00:04:51,620 --> 00:04:57,800
ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉุŸ ููŠุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุนุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ู†
50
00:04:57,800 --> 00:05:05,690
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณูƒุฑุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŸุงู„ูุง ุฏูŠ
51
00:05:05,690 --> 00:05:08,890
ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆ ุจุงูŠุฑุงู†ูˆุณ ุทุจุนุง ุงุชุตุงู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ O ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
52
00:05:08,890 --> 00:05:13,490
ูƒุชุจู†ุง O ูุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูู‡ู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุงุณู… ู…ุด ุตุนุจ ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ
53
00:05:13,490 --> 00:05:18,290
ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุจูŠุชุง ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆ ุจุงูŠุฑุงู†ูˆุณ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน
54
00:05:18,290 --> 00:05:22,650
ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ ุงูŠุด ุงูŠุฌุง ู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ุง ุจูŠู† ู‚ูˆุณูŠู†Alpha
55
00:05:22,650 --> 00:05:28,230
Glucobiranose ูู‡ุฐุง ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก
56
00:05:28,230 --> 00:05:34,030
ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุชูู‡ู…ูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ูุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ู…ู† ุณูƒุฑูŠู†
57
00:05:34,030 --> 00:05:38,350
ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู„ูƒู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุด Alpha Alpha ูˆู„ุง Beta Beta
58
00:05:38,350 --> 00:05:46,590
Alpha ู…ุน Betaุงู„ุงู† ุจูŠุฌูŠู†ูŠ ุณูƒุฑ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูˆ ุจูŠูˆุฒ
59
00:05:46,590 --> 00:05:55,730
ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูˆ ุจูŠูˆุฒ ู…ุชุญุฏ ู…ู† ุณูƒุฑูŠู† ู…ุชูู‚ูŠู† ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุจูŠุชุง ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆ
60
00:05:55,730 --> 00:06:00,550
ุจูŠุฑุงู†ูˆุฒ ู…ุน ุจูŠุชุง ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆ ุจูŠุฑุงู†ูˆุฒ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง
61
00:06:00,550 --> 00:06:07,550
ุจุฏุฃ ุงุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุชุง ูˆู„ุง ู„ุงุŸ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆุนู„ู‰
62
00:06:07,550 --> 00:06:14,780
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณูƒุฑู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง Beta ูู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง Beta
63
00:06:14,780 --> 00:06:20,740
D Glucopyranose ู…ุชุญุฏ ู…ู† ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฃุฑุจุนุฉูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
64
00:06:20,740 --> 00:06:25,880
ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุชุญุฏ ู…ู† ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ oxygen ุงู„ beta
65
00:06:25,880 --> 00:06:31,160
D-glucobiranose ูˆุงุถุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุฃู†ู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ beta D
66
00:06:31,160 --> 00:06:36,660
-glucobiranose ูŠุญู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงุฑุจุนุฉ beta D
67
00:06:36,660 --> 00:06:42,100
-glucobiranose ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ูุงู„ cellobiose ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
68
00:06:42,100 --> 00:06:50,330
ุณูƒุฑูŠู† ู…ุชู…ุงุซู„ูŠู†ุชู…ุงู…ุงุŒ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู‚ุฏุงุด ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงู ุงู„ู„ูŠ
69
00:06:50,330 --> 00:06:56,450
ุจุชุนู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู†
70
00:06:56,450 --> 00:07:02,330
Glucopyranose ูˆ Glucopyranose ูˆ ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ู‡ุฐุง Beta
71
00:07:02,330 --> 00:07:06,870
ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุชูŠู†ุŒ ุจุณ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ Beta ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ุงูŠุด Alpha
72
00:07:07,710 --> 00:07:14,870
ุฎู„ุงู ุจุณูŠุท ุฌุฏุง ุจุณ ูƒุงูŠุฑุงู„ ุณู†ุชุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุนุฏ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
73
00:07:14,870 --> 00:07:19,770
ู‡ุชูƒุชุดููˆุง ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงู ุงู„ุจุณูŠุท ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ูƒุงูŠุฑุงู„ ุณู†ุชุฑ
74
00:07:19,770 --> 00:07:26,510
ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุจูŠุชุจุน ุฎู„ุงู ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฌุฏุง ุฌุฏุง ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจุนุฏ
75
00:07:26,510 --> 00:07:31,760
ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุงูƒุจุงุชูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูŠุฌูŠูˆุง ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฆุงุช ุงู„ู€
76
00:07:31,760 --> 00:07:35,200
disaccharides ุจุฏู‡ู… ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง polysaccharides ู‡ุงูŠ
77
00:07:35,200 --> 00:07:38,540
disaccharide ูˆ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ุนุชุจุฑ ู‡ุงูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† disaccharide
78
00:07:38,540 --> 00:07:43,120
ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ู† Beta ูˆ Beta ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ู† Beta ูˆ Alpha
79
00:07:43,120 --> 00:07:47,660
ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† Alpha ูˆ Beta ุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุฌุฒุฆ
80
00:07:47,660 --> 00:07:56,080
ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ ู†ุดุง ุงูˆ glycogenุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฃู…ุงูƒู†
81
00:07:56,080 --> 00:07:59,380
ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ุงู„ carbohydrates ุณูˆุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุจุงุช ุฃูˆ ููŠ
82
00:07:59,380 --> 00:08:03,400
ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู† ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฏูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูˆุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุจู†ูŠ ุขุฏู…
83
00:08:03,400 --> 00:08:07,000
ูŠู‡ุถู…ู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจู†ูŠ ุขุฏู… ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ุดูˆูŠุงุช ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ
84
00:08:07,000 --> 00:08:12,180
ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ูŠุญู„ู„ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุขู†
85
00:08:12,180 --> 00:08:16,060
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ู† ุงู„ beta ูˆ ุงู„ beta ู‡ูŠุฌูŠ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„
86
00:08:16,060 --> 00:08:20,600
cellulose ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ุงู„ุจู†ูŠ ุขุฏู… ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด ูŠู‡ุถู… ุงู„ุฎุดุจ
87
00:08:20,600 --> 00:08:27,570
ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุดูˆ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ุŸุจูŠู† ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ูˆ ุฃุณุงุณ
88
00:08:27,570 --> 00:08:33,270
ุงู„ู†ุดุง ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู„ุฎุดุจ cellobiose ูˆ ุงุชุญุฏ ูˆ ุฃุนุทุงู†ูŠ
89
00:08:33,270 --> 00:08:39,110
cellulose ูˆ ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู„ู†ุดุง ุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ูˆ ุฃุนุทุงู†ูŠ starch
90
00:08:39,110 --> 00:08:46,230
ูˆุงุถุญ ูู‚ุท ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุช
91
00:08:46,230 --> 00:08:49,770
ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุตุญ ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง beta ูˆ
92
00:08:49,770 --> 00:08:55,240
beta ู‡ุฐุง beta ูˆ alphaู…ุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ูƒูŠู ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุจุณูŠุท ููŠ ุงู„
93
00:08:55,240 --> 00:09:00,740
stereochemistry ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ููŠ
94
00:09:00,740 --> 00:09:05,480
ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชูุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุจูŠุฌูŠู†ุง ุณูƒุฑ
95
00:09:05,480 --> 00:09:15,960
ุงู„ุญู„ูŠุจ ุงู„ lactoseุงู„ู„ุงูƒุชูˆุฒ ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ
96
00:09:15,960 --> 00:09:20,900
ุฌุงู„ุงูƒุชูˆุฒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุง ุงู„ stereo chemical centers
97
00:09:20,900 --> 00:09:26,320
ุงุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ู… ุงูƒุชุฑ ูƒู„ ุงู„ูุฑูˆู‚ุงุช ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ู‡ูŠ ูุฑูˆู‚ุงุช ุงูŠุด
98
00:09:26,320 --> 00:09:30,500
ู„ุญุชู‰ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ stereo chemistry ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ู…ุด
99
00:09:30,500 --> 00:09:36,340
ุจูŠุชุง ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ูุง ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู…ุชุญุฏ ู…ุน
100
00:09:36,340 --> 00:09:42,300
ุจูŠุชุง ุฌุงู„ุงูƒุชูˆุฒุนุดุงู†ูƒ ู„ูˆ ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุงู„ุงุณู… ุงู„ุนุงู… ู‡ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
101
00:09:42,300 --> 00:09:47,260
ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ Alpha D Glucopyranose ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ Alpha D
102
00:09:47,260 --> 00:09:54,480
Glucopyranose ูˆุดุงูŠููŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง Alpha ุงู„ุขู† ู…ุชุญุฏ ู…ู† ู…ูˆู‚ุน
103
00:09:54,480 --> 00:10:01,340
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ Beta D Galactopyranose ุทุจุนุง ุจู†ูƒุชุจ Beta D
104
00:10:01,340 --> 00:10:07,450
Galactopyranoseุงู„ YL ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุตูุชู‡ ุฃุตุจุญ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฒูŠ
105
00:10:07,450 --> 00:10:14,330
ู…ุง ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุซู„ ุงุซู„ ุจุฑูˆุจู„ ุงู„ YL ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุตุจุญ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ
106
00:10:14,330 --> 00:10:20,630
ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ lactose ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุตุงุญุจู†ุงุŒ ู…ูŠู†
107
00:10:20,630 --> 00:10:27,330
ุตุงุญุจู†ุงุŸุงู„ุณูƒุงุฑูˆุฒ ู…ุงุญุฏุด ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุนู† ุงู„ุณูƒุงุฑูˆุฒ ุงู„ุนุฏูˆ
108
00:10:27,330 --> 00:10:33,030
ุชุจุนู†ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ุชุทุฑููŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญูƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
109
00:10:33,030 --> 00:10:37,090
ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุกุŒ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุช ูˆ ูƒู„ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู†
110
00:10:37,090 --> 00:10:40,730
ุจุชู„ุฒู… ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ุจุณ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุด ุฃู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠุงุฎุฏ
111
00:10:40,730 --> 00:10:45,340
ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุช ูˆ ูŠุงุฎุฏ ุฏู‡ูˆู†ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุจุฅูุฑุงุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ
112
00:10:45,340 --> 00:10:49,160
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุชุŒ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุจุงู„ุชุฃูƒูŠุฏุŒ
113
00:10:49,160 --> 00:10:53,940
ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ู„ูƒู„ุณุชุฑูˆู„ุŒ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ุฅุดูŠ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฅูุฑุงุท ููŠ ุฃูŠ
114
00:10:53,940 --> 00:10:58,840
ุดุบู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุฅุฌูŠู†ุง
115
00:10:58,840 --> 00:11:02,640
ุงุชุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูˆุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง
116
00:11:02,640 --> 00:11:07,540
ุจู†ุณุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ู‡ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ Alpha
117
00:11:07,540 --> 00:11:11,680
-Glucopyranose ู‡ุงูŠ Alpha ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ
118
00:11:14,950 --> 00:11:19,930
ุทุงู„ู…ุง ู„ุง ุฃุณูู„ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ Alpha ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
119
00:11:19,930 --> 00:11:27,030
ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุชุจุนู‡ ู…ุด ู…ู† ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุชุญุฏ ุจ fractose
120
00:11:27,030 --> 00:11:33,390
ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุชุญุฏ ุจ fractose ูˆ ุงู„ fractose keto sugar
121
00:11:33,390 --> 00:11:38,370
ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุช ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ doses ู…ู† ุงู„
122
00:11:38,370 --> 00:11:43,920
aldehydesูˆ Ketosis ู„ูุฑุงูƒุชูˆุฒ ูƒูŠุชูˆ ุดูˆุฌุงุฑ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุณูƒุฑ
123
00:11:43,920 --> 00:11:50,240
ุจูŠุณูƒุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุฎู…ุงุณูŠ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ุฎู…ุงุณูŠ ููŠูˆุฑุงู†ูˆุฒ ูˆ ู…ู†
124
00:11:50,240 --> 00:11:56,020
ุงู„ููŠูˆุฑุงู†ูˆุฒ ู…ุชุญุฏ ู…ู† ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุงูŠุดุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง
125
00:11:56,020 --> 00:12:04,630
ุงู„ููŠูˆุฑุงู†ูˆุฒ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ููŠู‡ุจูŠุชุง ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุชุง
126
00:12:04,630 --> 00:12:09,270
ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุงู„ุงุณู… ุชุจุนู‡ ุงุนุชุจุฑูˆุง ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุตู„
127
00:12:09,270 --> 00:12:14,010
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงุด ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ
128
00:12:14,010 --> 00:12:19,950
ูู‡ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุจูŠุชุง ุฏูŠ ูุฑุงูƒุชูˆ ููŠูˆุฑุงู†ูˆุฒูŠู„ ุทุจุนุง
129
00:12:19,950 --> 00:12:26,210
ููŠูˆุฑุงู†ูˆุฒูŠู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฌุงูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ุชุญุฏุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ู ุฏูŠ
130
00:12:26,210 --> 00:12:33,150
ุบู„ูˆูƒูˆู…ุง ูƒุชุจุด ู‡ู†ุง by rhinosุŒ ูƒุชุจ by rhinocideุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ
131
00:12:33,150 --> 00:12:37,790
ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุชู… ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู† ู…ูˆู‚ุน ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ููŠ
132
00:12:37,790 --> 00:12:41,270
ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ ู„ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณูƒุฑุŒ
133
00:12:41,270 --> 00:12:45,150
ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุชู… ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ู…ูˆู‚ุนุŸ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุชู… ู…ู†
134
00:12:45,150 --> 00:12:53,080
ู…ูˆู‚ุน ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ุจุทู„ุช OH ุตุงุฑุช O-Carbon
135
00:12:53,080 --> 00:12:58,340
ู…ุนู†ุง ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุŸ Glycosidic
136
00:12:58,340 --> 00:13:02,280
bond ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุนุดุงู† Glycosidic bond ุนุดุงู† ุชูƒูˆู†
137
00:13:02,280 --> 00:13:08,400
Glycoside ู‡ู†ุญุท ุงูŠุดุŸ Glucoburanoside ู„ุงุญุธุชู‡ ู‡ู†ุง
138
00:13:08,400 --> 00:13:12,640
ูƒู„ู…ุฉุŸ Buranoside ู„ูˆ ุฑุฌุนุชูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุณู…ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„
139
00:13:12,640 --> 00:13:19,240
ูƒุงู† ุญุท Glucoburanose ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชูƒูˆู† OHููŠ ูƒู„
140
00:13:19,240 --> 00:13:23,280
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช OH ุบู„ูˆูƒูˆ ุจุงูŠ ุฑุงู†ูˆุณ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†
141
00:13:23,280 --> 00:13:28,860
Alpha ุฃูˆ Beta ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจุทู„ุช OH ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
142
00:13:28,860 --> 00:13:33,420
ูˆ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุตุงุฑุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ Glycosidic bond ูู‚ุงู„
143
00:13:33,420 --> 00:13:38,300
ุบู„ูˆูƒูˆ ุจุงูŠ ุฑุงู†ูˆุณุงูŠุฏ ุบู„ูˆูƒูˆ ุจุงูŠ ุฑุงู†ูˆุณุงูŠุฏ ูุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
144
00:13:40,010 --> 00:13:46,150
ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ููŠู‡ two glycosidic bonds ู‡ูˆ ุณูƒุฑ ุงูŠุด
145
00:13:46,150 --> 00:13:50,210
ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูˆุฒ ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุจูŠุณุฃู„ูƒูˆุง multiple choice
146
00:13:50,210 --> 00:13:58,670
ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ carbon ูˆ carbon ู‡ุฐู‰ glycosidic
147
00:13:58,670 --> 00:14:04,230
bond ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ glycosidic bond ูู„ู…ุง
148
00:14:04,230 --> 00:14:10,320
ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุทู„ุน ุงุญู†ุง ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูˆุฒูƒู… ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุฏูƒ ุจูˆู†ุฏ
149
00:14:10,320 --> 00:14:18,940
ููŠู‡ุŸ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ู„ูˆ ุฑุฌุนู†ุง ุงุชุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุช
150
00:14:18,940 --> 00:14:25,100
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู… ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุฏูƒ ุจูˆู†ุฏุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุงุญุฏุด ูŠู‚ูˆู„
151
00:14:25,100 --> 00:14:29,520
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุฏูƒ ุจูˆู†ุฏ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุฏูƒ ุจูˆู†ุฏ
152
00:14:29,520 --> 00:14:34,700
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุงูŠุฑุงู„ ุณู†ุชุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด
153
00:14:34,700 --> 00:14:40,650
ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน ุฃุฑุจุนุฉูˆุงุถุญุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุงูŠ ุงูˆ ูƒุฑุจูˆู†
154
00:14:40,650 --> 00:14:47,850
glycosidic bond ุงู„ glycosidic bond ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุฃูŠ ุจุฃูŠ
155
00:14:47,850 --> 00:14:52,630
ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุจุงู„ anomeric carbon ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃุณุงุณุง ุงู„ุฏูŠู‡ุงูŠุฏ
156
00:14:52,630 --> 00:14:56,350
ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ glycosidic bond ุจุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด
157
00:14:56,350 --> 00:15:01,390
glycosidic bond ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ูู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุฌูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ lactose
158
00:15:01,390 --> 00:15:08,540
ููŠ one glycosidic bond ู„ูˆ ุฑุฌุนุชุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูˆ ุจูŠูˆุฒ ุนู„ู‰
159
00:15:08,540 --> 00:15:13,640
ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ anomeric carbon ูƒู„ ุณูƒุฑ
160
00:15:13,640 --> 00:15:17,780
ููŠู‡ two anomeric carbon ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠู‡ุง
161
00:15:17,780 --> 00:15:24,200
glycosidic bond ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠู‡ุง ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูˆ ุจูŠูˆุฒ ููŠ
162
00:15:24,200 --> 00:15:30,950
ุนู†ุฏู‡ one glycosidic bond ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุฃูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
163
00:15:30,950 --> 00:15:34,970
ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ two anomeric carbons ู…ูŠู† ููŠู‡ู… glycosidic
164
00:15:34,970 --> 00:15:40,630
bondุŸ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ O H glycosidicุŒ ู‡ุฐูŠุŒ ุงู‡ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉุŸ
165
00:15:40,630 --> 00:15:44,950
ูุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑู ูƒุงู… glycosidic bondุŒ ู†ุฑุฌุน ุนู„ู‰
166
00:15:44,950 --> 00:15:53,670
ุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ู…ุซู„ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ anomeric carbons ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ
167
00:15:53,670 --> 00:15:57,690
ุฅุฌูŠู†ุง ุณุฃู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐูŠ glycosidic bondุŸ O HุŒ ู‡ุฐูŠ
168
00:15:59,540 --> 00:16:07,100
Glycosidic bond ูุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠู„ูˆุจูŠูˆุฒ ูˆุงู„ู„ุงูƒุชูˆุฒ
169
00:16:07,100 --> 00:16:11,380
ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ูˆ one glycosidic bond ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ
170
00:16:11,380 --> 00:16:16,740
ุนุดุงู† ุงูŠู‡ ูƒู†ุชูˆุง ุชู„ุงู‚ูˆุงุŸ Glucopyranose ุนุงุฏูŠ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง
171
00:16:16,740 --> 00:16:23,340
ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู„ุณูƒุฑูˆุฒ ู„ูˆ ุงุฌูŠู†ุง ุณุฃู„ู†ุง ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ anomeric
172
00:16:23,340 --> 00:16:24,180
carbonsุŸ
173
00:16:26,580 --> 00:16:31,440
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ูˆู…ูŠุฑูƒ ูƒุงุฑุจูˆู†ุฒ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุฏูƒ ุจูˆู†ุฏ
174
00:16:31,440 --> 00:16:36,640
ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุฏูƒ ุจูˆู†ุฏ ููŠู‡ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุฏูƒ
175
00:16:36,640 --> 00:16:42,920
ุจูˆู†ุฏ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ูˆุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง ุงุณู…ู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง ุจ
176
00:16:42,920 --> 00:16:49,480
side ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ alpha D-glucopyranoside ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชุนู„ู…ู†ุง
177
00:16:49,480 --> 00:16:53,160
ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุฏูƒ ุจูˆู†ุฏ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจู†ู†ู‡ูŠ ุจุฅูŠุดุŸ
178
00:16:53,160 --> 00:16:54,360
ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุณุงูŠุฏ
179
00:16:57,360 --> 00:17:03,560
ู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„
180
00:17:03,560 --> 00:17:08,700
ุงู„ die saccharides ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠู…ูƒู† ูŠุฌูŠุจ ุจุนุถู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ู‚ุงุณู…
181
00:17:08,700 --> 00:17:16,810
ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุฑุจู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠุฉ ุทุนู… ุงู„ุญู„ูˆูˆุงุถุญุŸ
182
00:17:16,810 --> 00:17:20,550
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจูŠูุชุด ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุทุนู… ูƒุฐู„ูƒ
183
00:17:20,550 --> 00:17:24,450
ุงู„ุญุงู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุทูˆุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฑ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ูˆ ุฅุญู†ุง
184
00:17:24,450 --> 00:17:31,410
ุจู†ุดุฑุญ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุนุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ุนุทูˆุฑ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
185
00:17:31,410 --> 00:17:35,810
ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุงุณู… ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุทูˆุฑ ู…ุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุณู…
186
00:17:35,810 --> 00:17:41,920
ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุŸุงู„ุฑุงุฆุญุฉ ุงู„ุฐูƒูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุญุฉ ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุนุทุฑ
187
00:17:41,920 --> 00:17:46,360
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู† Easter ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฏูŠู‡ูŠุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู†
188
00:17:46,360 --> 00:17:50,440
ู…ุฑุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒูŠุชูˆู† ุดูˆูู†ุง ุงู„ูŠุงุณู…ูˆู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุดูˆูู†ุง ..
189
00:17:50,440 --> 00:17:53,940
ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ูŠุงุณู…ูŠู† ูƒุงู† ูƒูŠุชูˆู† ุดูˆูู†ุง ุงู„ Easter's ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
190
00:17:53,940 --> 00:17:58,040
ุนู†ู‡ุง ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุนุทุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุงููŠุด ู‚ุงุณู… ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุงู„ู‚ุงุณู…
191
00:17:58,040 --> 00:18:03,310
ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุทูˆุฑู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุญุฉ ุงู„ุฌูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ุขู†
192
00:18:03,310 --> 00:18:07,290
ุงู„ู‚ุงุณู… ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ sweeteners ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠุงุช ูˆ
193
00:18:07,290 --> 00:18:12,970
ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุทุนู… ุงู„ุงุดุŸ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆ ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ
194
00:18:12,970 --> 00:18:17,490
ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆู‡ุง
195
00:18:17,490 --> 00:18:21,430
ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุณูƒุฑ ูˆ ู…ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูˆ ุงุทู„ุนุช ุนู„ู‰
196
00:18:21,430 --> 00:18:25,590
ุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠูˆุง ุดูŠุก ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„
197
00:18:25,590 --> 00:18:32,500
ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุงู„ู…ุฑุงูƒุจุงุช ู„ู…ุง ุญุถุฑูˆู‡ุงู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ุทุนู…ู‡ุง
198
00:18:32,500 --> 00:18:37,440
ุญู„ูˆ ูˆุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุขู…ู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุทุนู…ู‡ุง ุญู„ูˆ
199
00:18:37,440 --> 00:18:40,980
ู„ูƒู† ุฎุทูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงูŠุง
200
00:18:40,980 --> 00:18:45,440
ุงู„ูƒู„ูˆุฑูˆููˆุฑู… ุทุนู…ู‡ ุญู„ูˆ ู„ูƒู† ุณุงู…ู‡ carcinogenic ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง
201
00:18:45,440 --> 00:18:50,040
ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุทุฑู‚ ุชุญุถูŠุฑู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณูƒุงุฑูŠู†
202
00:18:50,040 --> 00:18:54,720
ุณูˆุงุก ูˆุฌุฏ ุน ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุณูƒุงุฑูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุฏูˆุจ ุจูŠุณุญุจูˆุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุด
203
00:18:54,720 --> 00:18:58,580
ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ salt ุชุจุนู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ salt ุงู„
204
00:18:58,580 --> 00:19:03,300
salt ู„ูŠุด ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ุงุญู†ุงุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุฐุงุฆุจูŠุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ููŠ
205
00:19:03,300 --> 00:19:08,740
ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูู„ูˆ ุงุทู„ุนู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ sodium ุณูƒุงุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
206
00:19:08,740 --> 00:19:12,740
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ูˆ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุงูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู†
207
00:19:12,740 --> 00:19:20,080
ุดูƒู„ู‡ ูˆุจูŠู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุณูƒุงุฑูˆุฒ ู„ูƒู† ูŠูˆุถุน ุจุฏูŠู„ ู„ู„ุณูƒุงุฑูˆุฒุŒ
208
00:19:20,080 --> 00:19:25,780
ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ู„ูŠุด ูŠูˆุถุน ุจุฏูŠู„ ู„ู„ุณูƒุงุฑูˆุฒุŸ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ุทุนู…
209
00:19:25,780 --> 00:19:30,730
ุงู„ุญู„ูˆุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุช ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุณูƒุงุฑูˆุฒุงู„ุณูƒุงุฑูŠู†
210
00:19:30,730 --> 00:19:36,150
ุชุณุชุนู…ู„ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ Aspartame ูˆ ุงู„ Cyclamates ู„ูˆ
211
00:19:36,150 --> 00:19:42,110
ูุชุดุชู‡ Cyclamates ู„ูˆ ูุชุดุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ Aspartame ูˆ
212
00:19:42,110 --> 00:19:46,030
ุงู„ Cyclamate ูˆ ุงู„ุณูƒุงุฑูŠู† ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠู…ุซู„ ุดูƒู„
213
00:19:46,030 --> 00:19:52,410
ู…ุนูŠู† ู…ุงููŠุด ู‚ุงุณู… ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ู‚ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
214
00:19:52,410 --> 00:19:57,510
ุงู„ุทุนู… ุงู„ุญู„ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุงุณู… ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุทุนู… ุงู„ุญู„ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ
215
00:19:57,510 --> 00:20:02,700
ุงู„ Aspartameุทู„ุนูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุดูƒู„ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุดูƒู„ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ููŠู‡
216
00:20:02,700 --> 00:20:07,740
ุดูŠุก ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู…ุน ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠู† ุทุจ ุงู„ุนุณู„ ุจุณ ุฒูŠ ู…ุญู„ู‚ ูˆ ุจุทุนู…
217
00:20:07,740 --> 00:20:12,060
ุญู„ูˆุŸ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ูˆุŸ ุงู„ุนุณู„ุŸ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนุณู„ ููŠู‡ ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ
218
00:20:12,060 --> 00:20:17,120
ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุช ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง
219
00:20:17,120 --> 00:20:23,000
ุจุณ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุชู‡ ุนุงุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุช ูˆ ููŠุชุงู…ูŠู†ุงุช ูˆ ุฅุดูŠ
220
00:20:23,000 --> 00:20:31,540
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุดุบู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู†ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Disaccharides ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช
221
00:20:31,540 --> 00:20:37,740
ุณูƒุฑูŠุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ Alpha
222
00:20:37,740 --> 00:20:43,810
ูˆ Beta ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู…ุชุญุฏูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุฃูˆุงู„ุณูŠู„ูˆ ุจูŠูˆุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
223
00:20:43,810 --> 00:20:47,710
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุจูŠุชุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
224
00:20:47,710 --> 00:20:52,810
ุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ูƒุงู† ู…ู† ุฃู„ูุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุชุง ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู…ูƒูˆู†
225
00:20:52,810 --> 00:20:57,790
ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ูˆ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูˆ ุจูŠูˆุฒ ู…ู† ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุจูŠุชุง ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงู„ุขู†
226
00:20:57,790 --> 00:21:02,470
ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุฌูˆุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุจูˆู„ูŠู…ุงุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
227
00:21:02,470 --> 00:21:06,750
ุจูˆู„ูŠู…ุงุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑุฉ ููŠ
228
00:21:06,750 --> 00:21:12,930
ุงู„ุจูˆู„ูŠู…ุงุฑ ุจูŠุนุทูˆู†ุงุงู„ู€ starch ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ุดุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุง
229
00:21:12,930 --> 00:21:18,570
ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒุŒ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
230
00:21:18,570 --> 00:21:22,990
ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูˆุจุงูŠูˆุฒุŒ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠู„ูˆุฒุŒ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ูุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ
231
00:21:22,990 --> 00:21:29,130
ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู†ุดุงุŒ starchุŒ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูˆุจุงูŠูˆุฒ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
232
00:21:29,130 --> 00:21:36,470
ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠู„ูˆุฒุŒ ุงู„ุฎุดุจุŒ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุจูˆู„ู…ุงุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุทุจุนุงู‹ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
233
00:21:36,470 --> 00:21:40,990
ุนุงุฏ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ polymer ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†
234
00:21:40,990 --> 00:21:45,550
polymer ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ู‡ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ููŠ ุนู„ู…
235
00:21:45,550 --> 00:21:50,250
ุงู„ polymerization ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† 300 ูˆุญุฏุฉ
236
00:21:50,250 --> 00:21:56,200
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุชู„ุช ุชู„ุงูุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุญุณุจ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
237
00:21:56,200 --> 00:21:59,420
ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ูˆุญุณุจ ุนุฏุฏ
238
00:21:59,420 --> 00:22:03,760
ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฆุงุช ุงูˆ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ stars
239
00:22:03,760 --> 00:22:08,300
ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ maltose ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุณูƒุฑูŠู†
240
00:22:08,300 --> 00:22:13,160
ุญุณุจ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู…ุชุตู„ุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ polymer
241
00:22:13,160 --> 00:22:16,340
ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุจุงู„ plastic ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒูˆุง ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
242
00:22:16,340 --> 00:22:21,460
ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉููŠ ุงู„ู†ูŠู„ูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
243
00:22:21,460 --> 00:22:25,860
ูŠุฏุฎู„ ููŠู‡ ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฎู„ู†ุงู‡
244
00:22:25,860 --> 00:22:31,640
ูŠุชุญุฏ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูŠุนู…ู„ polymer ู‡ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠู‡ 300 ุฌุฒุก ูˆ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„
245
00:22:31,640 --> 00:22:37,640
polymer 3000 2000 ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ู…ู†
246
00:22:37,640 --> 00:22:43,350
ุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ู‡ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู† ููŠ ุงู†ู‡ุงุงู„ู€ starch ู„ูˆ ุญู„ู„ุชู‡
247
00:22:43,350 --> 00:22:47,990
ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒุŒ ุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ู„ูˆ ุญู„ู„ุชู‡ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒุŒ
248
00:22:47,990 --> 00:22:52,830
ู„ูƒู† ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ Alpha
249
00:22:53,990 --> 00:22:58,410
ูˆุจูŠุชุงุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑุฉ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ
250
00:22:58,410 --> 00:23:03,350
ุงุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู† ุงู„ู†ุดุง ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
251
00:23:03,350 --> 00:23:08,230
ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆุฒ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ 20% ูˆุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
252
00:23:08,230 --> 00:23:15,200
ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆุจูƒุชู„ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠูุฑู‚ูˆุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุชูŠู†ุŸุจุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฆุงุช
253
00:23:15,200 --> 00:23:19,980
ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู„ู‡ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ amylose ููŠ
254
00:23:19,980 --> 00:23:25,840
ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ units ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ู…ุง ูŠู‚ุงุฑุจ ุจูŠู† ุฎู…ุณูŠู†
255
00:23:25,840 --> 00:23:30,260
ู„ุชู„ุชู…ูŠุฉ ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ unit ู„ูƒู† ุฃู‡ู… ุดูŠุก ุจูŠู…ูŠุฒู‡ุง ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ
256
00:23:30,260 --> 00:23:37,970
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸุจุณู„ุงุณู„ ุจุฏูˆู† ุชูุฑุนุงุชุŒ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุณู„ุงุณู„ ุจู‡ุฐุง
257
00:23:37,970 --> 00:23:42,830
ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุชูุฑุนุงุชุŒ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุชุจุน ุงู„
258
00:23:42,830 --> 00:23:47,410
geolocose units ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู„ุชู…ูŠุฉ
259
00:23:47,410 --> 00:23:52,770
geolocose unit ูˆุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู†ู…ุฑ
260
00:23:52,770 --> 00:23:58,270
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุงู† ูˆุจุชุญุฏ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠูŠุนู†ูŠ
261
00:23:58,270 --> 00:24:02,190
ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ ู…ุงู„ุชูˆุฒุŒ ูƒู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุง
262
00:24:02,190 --> 00:24:07,550
ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ู…ุน ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุณุงุจูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุฃูˆู‚ุชุดุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง
263
00:24:07,550 --> 00:24:11,150
ุจุชุนู…ู„ polymerุŒ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ุชุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุชูˆุง
264
00:24:11,150 --> 00:24:16,630
ุชุฐูƒุฑุชูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุชูˆุฒุŒ ู…ุด ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ู‚ูˆุงุชุด ู„ู…ุง
265
00:24:16,630 --> 00:24:20,930
ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุชุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡
266
00:24:20,930 --> 00:24:23,690
ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุชุด ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ polymer ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุชุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
267
00:24:23,690 --> 00:24:28,610
ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุงุชุฑูˆูƒุฉ ูุงุถูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุชุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ู…ุน ู…ูˆู‚ุน
268
00:24:28,610 --> 00:24:33,130
ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ู† ูˆุญุฏุฉ ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฌุฒุก ูƒุจูŠุฑ
269
00:24:33,130 --> 00:24:34,210
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด
270
00:24:37,020 --> 00:24:43,020
ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆุฒ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆุฒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงุญุฏ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู†ุดุง ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู†ุดุง
271
00:24:43,020 --> 00:24:49,260
ููŠ ู…ูƒูˆู† ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆุจูƒุชูŠู† ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆุจูƒุชูŠู† ููŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†
272
00:24:49,260 --> 00:24:53,460
ุชู„ุชู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุชู„ุงู ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ units ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ
273
00:24:53,460 --> 00:24:59,860
units ุงู„ู„ู‰ ููŠ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ุงูƒุจุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุงู‡ู… ุดุบู„ ููŠู‡ is
274
00:24:59,860 --> 00:25:06,920
ู‡ุงูŠู„ุจุฑุงุฌุฏ ูˆุงุถุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆุฒ ุณู„ุณู„ุฉุงู„ู€ amylobectin
275
00:25:06,920 --> 00:25:13,440
ููŠ ุชูุฑุนุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ู€ amylose ุจูŠู† 300
276
00:25:13,440 --> 00:25:17,220
ุฅู„ู‰ 5000 ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ units is a highly branched
277
00:25:17,220 --> 00:25:21,660
molecule ุงูˆ highly branched molecule chains with
278
00:25:21,660 --> 00:25:24,360
consecutive one four links ุดูˆูู†ุง ูƒูŠู one four
279
00:25:24,360 --> 00:25:28,520
links ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ average ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ
280
00:25:28,520 --> 00:25:35,070
ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูˆุญุฏุฉูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุชูุฑุน 25 ู„ 30
281
00:25:35,070 --> 00:25:41,110
ูˆ ุชูุฑุน ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุฃุดู…ุงู„ู‡ highly branched ูˆุงุถุญ
282
00:25:41,110 --> 00:25:48,470
ููˆุงุถุญ ุฃู† ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ amylobectin ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ amylose ูˆ
283
00:25:48,470 --> 00:25:55,150
ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ูŠุฒู‡ ุงู„ุชูุฑุนุงุช ูˆุงุถุญ ูุงู„ amylose
284
00:25:55,150 --> 00:26:02,220
is a chain moleculeุงู„ู€ amylobectin ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฒุฆ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฒุฆ
285
00:26:02,220 --> 00:26:11,520
ููŠู‡ ุชูุฑุนุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจูŠุฉ ุจุชูˆุถุญ
286
00:26:11,520 --> 00:26:20,720
ู„ู†ุง ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฆุงุช ุงู„ุฃู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„
287
00:26:20,720 --> 00:26:30,470
amylose ุฃูŠุถุงุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู†ุดู‚ ุจู…ูƒูˆูŠู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ูƒุงู†
288
00:26:30,470 --> 00:26:35,130
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ starch ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ู…ู† amylose ูˆ
289
00:26:35,130 --> 00:26:40,470
mylobectin ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุฌูŠู† ุงู„
290
00:26:40,470 --> 00:26:45,470
starch ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ุงู„ carbohydratesููŠ ุงู„ู†ุจุงุช
291
00:26:45,470 --> 00:26:49,410
ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุฌูŠู† ู…ูƒุงู† ุชุฎุฒูŠู† ุงู„ carbohydrates ููŠ
292
00:26:49,410 --> 00:26:55,750
ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูˆ ููŠู‡ ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ units ู„ูƒู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงุฆุฉ
293
00:26:55,750 --> 00:27:00,590
ุฃู„ู ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ unit ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุฌูŠู†
294
00:27:00,590 --> 00:27:06,810
ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุฌูŠู† ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆุจุฑู†ุดุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ูƒู„
295
00:27:06,810 --> 00:27:11,010
ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ 12 ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ unit ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒ ู†ุชุฎูŠู„ ู‡ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
296
00:27:11,010 --> 00:27:17,930
ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒู… ุฅูŠุดุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุฌูŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูŠุถุง
297
00:27:17,930 --> 00:27:24,090
highly branched ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุฌูŠู† ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ
298
00:27:24,090 --> 00:27:30,130
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ุชุต ู…ู† ุฃู…ุนุงุก produced from glucose that is
299
00:27:30,130 --> 00:27:35,930
absorbed from intestines into the blood ุงู„ุขู† ุฅูŠุด
300
00:27:35,930 --> 00:27:41,060
ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุฌูŠู†ุŸ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู…ุงุฑ ุนู„ูŠูƒู…ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
301
00:27:41,060 --> 00:27:45,260
ู‡ูˆ ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ helps maintain the glucose balance
302
00:27:45,260 --> 00:27:49,660
ูˆุงุถุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุงุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ูˆ ุจุชุฎุฒู†
303
00:27:49,660 --> 00:27:54,340
ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุฌูŠู† ุจุฏุฎู„ ุถู…ู† ุงู„ุจูˆู„ูŠู…ุงุฑ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅุฐุง
304
00:27:54,340 --> 00:28:00,770
ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู†ู‚ุต ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒุจุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ูุณู‡ ูŠูุฑุฒ ุฃูˆ ูŠุนุทูŠ
305
00:28:00,770 --> 00:28:07,930
ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆุญุฏุงุช ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ
306
00:28:07,930 --> 00:28:12,450
ุฌุฒูŠุฆุงุช ุงู„ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑูˆุง ุชุชุฎูŠู„ูˆู‡ุง ุจุชู…ุทุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ
307
00:28:12,450 --> 00:28:16,030
ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู„ุงุฒู… ู„ุญุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุงูƒู„ูˆุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ
308
00:28:16,030 --> 00:28:21,510
okay ุจู†ุฌู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฌุฒูŠุฆุงุช ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸุฌู„ุงูŠูƒูˆุฌูŠู†
309
00:28:21,510 --> 00:28:25,790
ูˆุฎุฒุงู†ุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ุจู†ูŠ ุงุฏู… ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู†ุงู‚ุต ููŠ
310
00:28:25,790 --> 00:28:31,010
ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุฌุฏ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุทู„ุน ู„ู‡ ุฌูˆู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ
311
00:28:31,010 --> 00:28:36,090
ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง
312
00:28:36,090 --> 00:28:42,890
ู„ุฌู„ุงูŠูƒูˆุฌูŠู† ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cellulose ุงู„
313
00:28:42,890 --> 00:28:48,830
cellulose ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ polymerุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ cellobiose
314
00:28:48,830 --> 00:28:55,010
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุดุง ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุฌูŠู† ุฌุงูŠูŠู† ู…ู†
315
00:28:55,010 --> 00:29:01,430
ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ cellulose ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู†
316
00:29:01,430 --> 00:29:03,410
ุงู„ cellobiose
317
00:29:05,410 --> 00:29:11,210
ุจูŠุชุง ูˆุจูŠุชุง sugar ูุงู„cellulose is an unbranched
318
00:29:11,210 --> 00:29:16,210
polymer ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู… ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ branches of glucose
319
00:29:16,210 --> 00:29:20,110
joined by one four beta glycosidic bonds ูƒู„
320
00:29:20,110 --> 00:29:29,390
ู‡ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุดูู†ุงู‡ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู…ุนูŠ ูƒูŠู ูุฑู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณ ุจุณูŠุท
321
00:29:29,390 --> 00:29:37,500
ุฌุฏุง ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู†ุณูŠู„ูˆ ุจูŠูˆุฒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† ู…ุงู„ุชูˆุฒ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูˆ ุจูŠูˆุฒ
322
00:29:37,500 --> 00:29:42,260
ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุชูˆุฒ ู…ุชุญุฏูŠู† ููŠ beta ุบู„ูˆูƒูˆุฒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
323
00:29:42,260 --> 00:29:46,820
ููŠ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ alpha ูˆุงุญุฏ beta ูŠุนู†ูŠ
324
00:29:46,820 --> 00:29:51,120
ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ ุจูŠุชุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ ููŠ
325
00:29:51,120 --> 00:29:57,340
ุงู„ุณูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุชูˆุฒ ู‡ุฐุง alpha ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูˆ ุจูŠูˆุฒ
326
00:29:58,430 --> 00:30:03,590
ู‡ุฐุง beta ูู‡ุฐุง alpha beta ู‡ุฐุง beta beta ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง
327
00:30:03,590 --> 00:30:07,690
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู†ูŠ ู†ุดุง ูˆ glycogen ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
328
00:30:07,690 --> 00:30:12,970
cellulose ูˆ cellobiose ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ ุงู„ cellulose ุงู„ุงู†
329
00:30:12,970 --> 00:30:16,990
ุงู„ุจู†ูŠ ุขุฏู… ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‡ุถู… ุงู„ู†ุดุง ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‡ุถู… ุงู„ glycogen
330
00:30:16,990 --> 00:30:22,670
ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด ูŠู‡ุถู… ุงู„ cellulose ุงู„ cellulose ูˆุงุถุญ ูุงู„
331
00:30:22,670 --> 00:30:26,830
humans and other animals they digest starch and
332
00:30:26,830 --> 00:30:32,880
glycogenุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑูˆุง ูŠู‡ุถู…ูˆุง ุงู„ู†ุดู‚ ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูŠูƒูˆุฌูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
333
00:30:32,880 --> 00:30:37,360
ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช
334
00:30:37,360 --> 00:30:42,610
ูˆุงู„ู†ู…ู„ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู†ู…ู„ ุตุงุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู†ูŠ ุขุฏู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ
335
00:30:42,610 --> 00:30:46,550
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู…ู„ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุฎุถู… ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ูˆ ุงู„ุจู†ูŠ ุขุฏู… ู…ุงุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด
336
00:30:46,550 --> 00:30:52,030
ู…ุนู†ุง ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู†ู…ู„ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู†ูŠ ุขุฏู… ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู†ู‡
337
00:30:52,030 --> 00:30:57,150
ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุด ุงู„ู†ู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฎุถู… ุงูˆ ู…ุด ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌุชุฑุฉ
338
00:30:57,150 --> 00:31:01,570
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฎุถู… ู„ุฃ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฌูˆุง ุฃู…ุนุงู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
339
00:31:01,570 --> 00:31:05,050
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌูˆุง ุฃู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุจุชูุฑุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
340
00:31:08,560 --> 00:31:14,060
ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ beta glycosidase ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ
341
00:31:14,060 --> 00:31:19,960
ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ุงู† ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู‡ุถู… ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ูˆุชุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ ูˆุงุถุญ
342
00:31:19,960 --> 00:31:27,760
ูู…ุงู†ูŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง contain beta glycosidase ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงุฐุง
343
00:31:27,760 --> 00:31:33,510
ุดูุชูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐุงุงู„ู†ุฒูŠู… Oxidase ูˆ
344
00:31:33,510 --> 00:31:37,870
Redactase ูˆ glycosidase and they can hydrolyze
345
00:31:37,870 --> 00:31:42,810
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠููƒูƒูˆุง ุงู„ cellulose ูู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุงู„ูƒู… ุงู† ุงู„
346
00:31:42,810 --> 00:31:46,090
humans can hydrolyze cellulose
347
00:31:48,210 --> 00:31:52,250
ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
348
00:31:52,250 --> 00:31:55,990
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ termites ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู†ู…ู„ ุงู„ุฃุจูŠุถ ูˆ
349
00:31:55,990 --> 00:31:59,510
ุงู„ ruminants ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฌุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
350
00:31:59,510 --> 00:32:03,050
ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆู‡ุง ู…ุณุชุนุฏุฉ ุชุงูƒู„ ุงู„ .. ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ ูˆ ุฒูŠ ..
351
00:32:03,050 --> 00:32:08,250
ุฃู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ูุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ููŠ ู…ุนุฏุชู‡ุง ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุฏุฎู„
352
00:32:08,250 --> 00:32:13,450
ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ูˆ ุชุญู„ู„ู‡ ู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู†ู…ู„
353
00:32:13,450 --> 00:32:18,430
ุงู„ุฃุจูŠุถ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชุฑุฉ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุฃูˆ
354
00:32:18,430 --> 00:32:22,310
ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุจู†ูŠ ุขุฏู… ู…ุงุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด
355
00:32:22,310 --> 00:32:26,730
ูŠุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุฃุฎุฑ
356
00:32:26,730 --> 00:32:33,090
ุดุบู„ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑ ุดุบู„ุฉ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ
357
00:32:33,090 --> 00:32:37,870
ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ sugars ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู†ุฒุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุณุฌูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡
358
00:32:37,870 --> 00:32:42,850
ุจุชููŠุฏู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ nuclear acid ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
359
00:32:42,850 --> 00:32:49,090
ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงุถ ุงู„ู†ูˆูˆูŠุฉ ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุงุจุตูŠุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง deoxy sugars ูŠุนู†ูŠ
360
00:32:49,090 --> 00:32:53,470
ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ sugar ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ oxygen ูˆ ุณูƒุฑ
361
00:32:53,470 --> 00:32:58,610
ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณ ูƒุฑุจูˆู†ุงุช tripose ุชู…ุงู… ู„ู…ุง ู†ุดูŠู„ ู…ู†ู‡ oxygen
362
00:32:58,610 --> 00:33:02,870
ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ OH ู„ูˆ ุดูŠู„ู†ุง ู…ู†ู‡
363
00:33:02,870 --> 00:33:09,490
oxygen ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ุŸ deoxyุŒ deoxy ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู†ุฒูˆุนุฃู‡
364
00:33:09,490 --> 00:33:14,570
ู„ุญุธุฉ ู…ูŠุฒู‡ .. ู…ูŠุฒู‡ ุฑุฌุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุชุŒ ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุงุญู†ุง
365
00:33:14,570 --> 00:33:22,080
ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงุชุนุจูˆุง ุดูˆูŠุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงุชูŠู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุงู„ูƒู… ุถุงูŠู‚ุฒูŠุฏุง
366
00:33:22,080 --> 00:33:27,800
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู‡ ู„ูƒู† ุฏูŠ ู…ู†ุฒูˆุนุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„
367
00:33:27,800 --> 00:33:31,760
hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, hydration,
368
00:33:32,600 --> 00:33:38,260
dehydrogenation, halogenation, dehydrogenation ูุงู„
369
00:33:38,260 --> 00:33:43,820
ุฏูŠ ุจุชุงุนู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ beta ุฏูŠ ุฏูŠ
370
00:33:43,820 --> 00:33:48,860
oxyribofuranose ุทุจ ุนู„ุดู‡ ููŠูˆุฑุงู†ูˆุฒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู…ู† ุญู„ู‚ุงุก
371
00:33:48,860 --> 00:33:53,520
ุฎู…ุงุณูŠุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ sugar ุชุจุน ุงู„ DNA ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Ribose
372
00:33:53,520 --> 00:33:58,720
ู†ุฒุนุช ู…ู†ู‡ ุงู„ Oxygen ูˆ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ Ribose ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„
373
00:33:58,720 --> 00:34:05,400
Oxygen ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ RNA Ribonucleic Acid ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„
374
00:34:05,400 --> 00:34:09,800
DNA Deoxyribonucleic Acid ูˆุงุถุญุŸ
375
00:34:12,560 --> 00:34:19,700
ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุนุงู… ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ dice carats ูˆ ุนู† ุงู„
376
00:34:19,700 --> 00:34:26,210
polymers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุจุฏุฃู†ุนุทูŠ
377
00:34:26,210 --> 00:34:31,310
ููƒุฑุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ู„ูŠุด ุฃู†ุง ู…ุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ุน
378
00:34:31,310 --> 00:34:37,050
ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุงู† ุดุงุก
379
00:34:37,050 --> 00:34:41,910
ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ amino acids ูˆ ุงู„ peptides ูˆ ุงู„
380
00:34:41,910 --> 00:34:48,210
proteins ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู„ุงุญุธุชู‡ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู‡ู… ุดุบู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
381
00:34:48,210 --> 00:34:52,290
polysaccharides ุฃู‡ู… ุดุบู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ polysaccharides ุฃู†
382
00:34:52,290 --> 00:34:57,650
ู‡ู… polymersู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ polymersุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู‚ูˆู„
383
00:34:57,650 --> 00:35:04,150
ุงู„ู†ุดุงุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุŸ ู‡ุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆู„ูŠ ู…ุงู„ุชูˆุฒ
384
00:35:04,150 --> 00:35:10,390
ุงู„ุจูŠุณูƒุฑูŠุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงู„ุชูˆุฒุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ุช ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุณูŠู„ู„ูˆุฒุŒ
385
00:35:10,390 --> 00:35:15,870
ุจูˆู„ูŠู…ุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุŸ ุงู„ุณูŠู„ูˆุจูŠูˆุฒุŒ ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ
386
00:35:15,870 --> 00:35:23,490
ุงู„ polysaccharidesูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนู‡ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุณู‡ู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ
387
00:35:23,490 --> 00:35:28,790
ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„
388
00:35:28,790 --> 00:35:32,930
polysaccharides ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุชูƒุฑุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุฃู†
389
00:35:32,930 --> 00:35:37,110
ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงู† they are real polymers
390
00:35:37,110 --> 00:35:43,710
ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุงู„ polymers ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฅูŠุดุŸู…ูˆู†ูˆู…ุงุฑุฒ ุชุชุญุฏ ุชุตูŠุฑ
391
00:35:43,710 --> 00:35:47,910
ุฏุงูŠู…ุงุฑุฒุŒ ุชุฑุงูŠู…ุงุฑุฒุŒ ุชุชุฑุงู…ุงุฑุฒุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
392
00:35:47,910 --> 00:35:55,190
ุจูˆู„ูŠู…ุงุฑุฒุŒ ูุงู„ุจูˆู„ูŠู…ุงุฑ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุฃ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑุฉุŒ
393
00:35:55,190 --> 00:36:00,390
ุงู„ุจูˆู„ูŠู…ุงุฑ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุงู„ู‡ุงุŸ ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑุฉุŒ ูู„ู…ู‘ุง ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„
394
00:36:00,390 --> 00:36:05,990
starch polymer ู…ุง ูˆุญุฏุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑุฉุŸ ุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒุŒ ุงู†ุชู‡ู‰
395
00:36:06,580 --> 00:36:13,060
ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฌูŠ .. ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฌูŠ ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„
396
00:36:13,060 --> 00:36:18,900
proteins ู‡ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุงู„ proteins
397
00:36:18,900 --> 00:36:26,580
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† amino acids ูˆุงู„ amino acids ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู†
398
00:36:27,350 --> 00:36:33,110
ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู„ amino acids ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฌูŠ
399
00:36:33,110 --> 00:36:38,050
ุงุนู…ู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ู†ุดุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ุดุง ุงูˆ
400
00:36:38,050 --> 00:36:44,630
ุงู„ amylose ู…ุงู„ุชูˆุฒ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†
401
00:36:44,630 --> 00:36:50,320
ูˆุญุฏุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงูˆ ุชู„ุงุชู…ูŠุช ูˆุญุฏุฉู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ 300 ูˆุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ
402
00:36:50,320 --> 00:36:56,520
ุงู„ู…ู„ุชูˆุฒ ู…ูƒุฑุฑ ูƒุฏู‡ุŸ 300 ู…ุฑุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ุตุฑุช ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู…ูŠู„ูˆุฒ
403
00:36:56,520 --> 00:37:01,240
ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠุช ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฃุตุบุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†
404
00:37:01,240 --> 00:37:04,720
ุงู„ ุจูŠุจุชุงูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุจุนุฏ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุงุจู‚ุฏุฑุด ุงุนู…ู„
405
00:37:04,720 --> 00:37:09,460
ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุงู† ุงู‚ูˆู„
406
00:37:09,460 --> 00:37:15,860
ุงู†ู‡ is a real polymerุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ polysaccharides
407
00:37:15,860 --> 00:37:21,480
ู…ุงู„ุชูˆุฒ ู…ู†ู‡ ุชู„ุงุชู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงูˆ ู…ู†ู‡ ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุงู„ู ูˆุญุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
408
00:37:21,480 --> 00:37:26,640
glycogen ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงูˆ ู…ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ูˆ
409
00:37:26,640 --> 00:37:32,680
ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฌูŠ ุงุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ protein
410
00:37:36,730 --> 00:37:43,590
ู‡ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† amino acids ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู†
411
00:37:43,590 --> 00:37:49,190
ุงู„ amino acids ุงู„ุงู† ูƒู„ amino acid ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุฃ
412
00:37:49,190 --> 00:37:56,730
ุจุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุจู…ุซู„
413
00:37:56,730 --> 00:38:03,490
ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุญุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูƒุฐุง to the N ู„ุฃ ุทุจ
414
00:38:03,490 --> 00:38:10,740
ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ุงุนู…ู„ู‡ุŸุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
415
00:38:10,740 --> 00:38:14,600
ุงุชุฎูŠู„ุช ุฃู†ุง ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุตุบูŠุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุจุชุงูŠุฏุŒ ุจู‚ูˆู„
416
00:38:14,600 --> 00:38:19,700
ู„ุญุธุฉ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุชุจุนู‡ ู…ู† amino acidsุŒ ุฃุณูˆุฏุŒ
417
00:38:19,700 --> 00:38:27,230
ุฃุฎุถุฑุŒ ุฃุญู…ุฑุŒ ุฃุณูˆุฏุŒ ุฃุฒุฑู‚ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ุขู† ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุดูƒู„ ู…ู†
418
00:38:27,230 --> 00:38:29,870
ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ amino acids ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
419
00:38:29,870 --> 00:38:36,990
ุฅุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู†ุŒ ุฃู„ุงู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุณูŠุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุชุฑูŠุจุชูˆูุงู†ุŒ ูƒุฐุงุŒ ูู…ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑุด
420
00:38:36,990 --> 00:38:38,830
ุฃุตูŠุบู‡ ุจุตูŠุบุฉ
421
00:38:41,480 --> 00:38:45,080
amino acid ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ to the end ูุงู„ุงู†
422
00:38:45,080 --> 00:38:51,640
ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง protein ู…ู† 300 amino
423
00:38:51,640 --> 00:38:58,780
acid ุนุดุงู† ุงุนุฑูู‡ ุฌูŠุฏุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู†ูŠ ุงุนู…ู„ ุงุญุฏุฏ ุงู„
424
00:38:58,780 --> 00:39:04,200
300 amino acid ู…ุฑุชุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸ sequence
425
00:39:04,200 --> 00:39:11,930
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูŠู ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุฑุชุจูŠู†ุฃุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ููƒุฑุฉ
426
00:39:11,930 --> 00:39:16,490
ุงู„ sequence ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
427
00:39:16,490 --> 00:39:21,170
polysaccharidesุŒ ุงู„ polysaccharides ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ to
428
00:39:21,170 --> 00:39:28,380
the Nู…ุงู„ุชูˆุฒ to the M ุฎู„ุตุช ูˆุงุถุญ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„
429
00:39:28,380 --> 00:39:33,100
proteins ู‡ุชูˆุงุฌู‡ู†ุง ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ุงู† ุงู„ proteins ูˆุญุฏุชู‡ู…
430
00:39:33,100 --> 00:39:37,660
ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ amino acids ุงู„ amino acids ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
431
00:39:37,660 --> 00:39:41,720
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ protein ุนุดุฑูŠู† amino acid ุงู„ุงู† ู„ู…ุง
432
00:39:41,720 --> 00:39:50,400
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ protein ู…ู† ุชู„ุชู…ูŠุฉ amino acid ูƒูˆูŠุณ
433
00:39:50,400 --> 00:39:56,960
ููŠ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ูƒุฑุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู†ู„ุงุจุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ sequence ู‡ู… ุงูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ู…
434
00:39:56,960 --> 00:40:00,580
ุงูƒูŠุฏ ุนุดุฑูŠู† amino acid ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„
435
00:40:00,580 --> 00:40:07,180
proteins ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… protein
436
00:40:07,180 --> 00:40:15,700
ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชู…ูŠุฉ amino acid ูƒูŠู ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุงุŸ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
437
00:40:15,700 --> 00:40:22,050
ู…ุฎุชู„ููŠู† ู…ุงููŠุด ุงู† ุงุญูƒ ู…ุซู„ุง glycine to the Nุนุดุงู†
438
00:40:22,050 --> 00:40:28,290
ุงู…ูŠุฒ ุงูŠ protein ุนู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุนุฏ ุงู„ 300 ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„
439
00:40:28,290 --> 00:40:32,950
protein ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏู‰ ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ real
440
00:40:32,950 --> 00:40:40,870
polymer ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงุจ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ real
441
00:40:40,870 --> 00:40:48,390
polymer ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ monomerto the end ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
442
00:40:48,390 --> 00:40:52,770
ุดูˆูู†ุง ุงู„ polyethylene ูˆ ุงู„ PVC ูˆ ุญุชู‰ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„
443
00:40:52,770 --> 00:40:57,750
polysaccharides ู…ูˆู†ูˆู…ุฑ ู…ูƒุฑุฑ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠ
444
00:40:57,750 --> 00:41:01,570
ุฃุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ protein ู‡ุตูŠุฑ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ amino acids ุฃู‚ูˆู„
445
00:41:01,570 --> 00:41:07,910
glycine, alanine, tryptophan, cysteine ูƒุฐุง ูƒุฐุง
446
00:41:07,910 --> 00:41:14,270
ู‡ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู†ู†ุงุงู†ุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุชุจุน ุงู„ amino
447
00:41:14,270 --> 00:41:17,690
acids ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ proteins ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุณุชุนู…ู„
448
00:41:17,690 --> 00:41:23,010
ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฏู‚ุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ they are macro molecules ุฌุฒูŠุฆุงุช
449
00:41:23,010 --> 00:41:30,490
ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ macro molecules ุฌุฒูŠุฆุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด
450
00:41:30,490 --> 00:41:39,610
polymers they are macro molecules ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุจูˆู„ู…ุงุฑ
451
00:41:39,610 --> 00:41:46,310
ุทุจุนุง ููŠู‡ู… ู†ูˆุนุง ู…ุง ุดูŠุก ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง
452
00:41:46,310 --> 00:41:54,670
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฌุงูˆุฒุง ู†ุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ protein ุจูˆู„ู…ุงุฑ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ
453
00:41:54,670 --> 00:42:00,010
ุฃู†ุง ุงุชุทู„ุนุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒุฑุฑ ู‡ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ
454
00:42:00,010 --> 00:42:05,960
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† NCEุงู„ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุจุชุชูƒุฑุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†
455
00:42:05,960 --> 00:42:12,760
ุจุนุฏู‡ุง N C C double bond O ุจุนุฏู‡ุง N C C double bond
456
00:42:12,760 --> 00:42:19,220
O ู‡ุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆู„ูŠ ู…ุด ู†ุงู‚ุต ุบูŠุฑ ุงูŠุด ุชูƒุชุจ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ุฉ to the N ุทุจ
457
00:42:19,220 --> 00:42:25,870
ู„ูŠุด ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ู…ุŸู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ amino acid ููŠู‡ุง R group
458
00:42:25,870 --> 00:42:33,210
ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ H ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ CH3 ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ CH2SH
459
00:42:33,210 --> 00:42:40,430
ูู„ูˆ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู„ู„ุฐุฑุงุช ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† NCC
460
00:42:40,430 --> 00:42:45,870
double bond O ู‡ูˆ ู…ูƒุฑุฑ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุทู„ุนุช ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ
461
00:42:46,670 --> 00:42:51,530
ู…ุด ู…ูƒุฑุฑุฉ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซู„ุง ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุจุชุงูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐุง
462
00:42:51,530 --> 00:42:55,810
ุจูŠุจุชุงูŠุฏ ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ูƒุงู… amino acid ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุชุนู„ู… ุฃู†
463
00:42:55,810 --> 00:43:00,570
ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡ ุฅุฌู„ูŠุณูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡ ุฃู„ุงู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡ ุณูŠุณุชูŠู†
464
00:43:00,570 --> 00:43:05,450
ุญุตูŠุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุงEglicin, Alanine, Cysteine ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูุฑู‚
465
00:43:05,450 --> 00:43:08,390
ุนู† Alanine, Eglicin, Cysteine ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
466
00:43:08,390 --> 00:43:14,810
ูุงู†ูุนู„ูƒูˆุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุตูŠุญ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุชู„ุงุชู…ูŠุฉ ูุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุจูˆุฌู‡ุฉ
467
00:43:14,810 --> 00:43:19,870
ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุชุทู„ุน ุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจูˆู„ูŠู…ุฑ
468
00:43:19,870 --> 00:43:25,170
ุงู…ูƒุฑุฑ ููŠ N, C, C double bond O N, C, C double bond
469
00:43:25,170 --> 00:43:28,950
O ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
470
00:43:28,950 --> 00:43:36,740
ุงุฎุชู„ูุชุจุทู„ polymer ูˆู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ polymer ู…ุงุจู†ุนุฏุด ุงู„ 300
471
00:43:36,740 --> 00:43:40,680
ูˆุญุฏุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ 5000 ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุจุณ ุงู„ protein ุจุฏูŠ
472
00:43:40,680 --> 00:43:45,860
ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุนู„ู… ูŠูˆู… ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง protein ูƒุฐุง ูŠุฐูƒุฑ ู„ู„
473
00:43:45,860 --> 00:43:54,170
5000 ูˆุญุฏุฉ ู…ุฑุชุจูŠู† ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ ู‡ูŠุชูƒุฑุฑ ู…ุนุงูƒู… ู…ู‡ู…ููŠ ุงู„
474
00:43:54,170 --> 00:43:58,670
nucleic acids ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุดูุฑุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ุง
475
00:43:58,670 --> 00:44:02,570
ูˆุบูŠุฑุงุชู‡ุง ู‡ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู† ุงู„ุจู†ูŠ ุงุฏู… ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆ
476
00:44:02,570 --> 00:44:07,270
ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฐูƒุฑ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ
477
00:44:08,550 --> 00:44:18,550
ูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง
478
00:44:18,550 --> 00:44:19,230
ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง
479
00:44:19,230 --> 00:44:19,250
ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง
480
00:44:19,250 --> 00:44:19,450
ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง
481
00:44:19,450 --> 00:44:22,470
ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง ูˆูƒุฐุง
482
00:44:22,470 --> 00:44:25,070
ูˆูƒุฐุง
483
00:44:25,690 --> 00:44:30,730
ุฌุฒูŠุฆุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู† ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง Polymers ูˆ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ
484
00:44:30,730 --> 00:44:35,170
ู†ูƒุชุจ ุดุบู„ุชู‡ ุฏูŠ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุงู† ุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู… ุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
485
00:44:35,170 --> 00:44:39,730
ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ proteins ุงูŠุด ุฃุณุงุณู‡ู… ุงุฐุง ุงูˆู„ ุดุฆ ุจุฏู†ุง
486
00:44:39,730 --> 00:44:45,310
ู†ุชุนู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ amino acids ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ amino acids ุจุชุญุฏ
487
00:44:45,310 --> 00:44:48,890
ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ protein ู†ุชุนู„ู… ูƒูŠู ู†ูˆุฌุฏ ุงู„ sequence ูˆ
488
00:44:48,890 --> 00:44:53,390
ูƒูŠู ู†ุญุถุฑ ุงู„ protein ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุงูŠุงู„ูƒู† ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
489
00:44:53,390 --> 00:44:58,410
ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู„ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
490
00:44:58,410 --> 00:45:00,370
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุงู…ุงู