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1
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ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู€ 26ุŒ ู‚ุตุฉ ุงู„ู€ 26 ุชุชุญุฏุซ ุนู†
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ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุงุช ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ
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ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ
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ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ
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ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ
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ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ
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ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ
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ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ
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ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ูŠ
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ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุชุธู‡ุฑ
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ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู‚ูู„ ุฃูˆ ู…ู‚ูู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุจุทุŒ
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ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุจุท ุญุงุฌุชูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุง ุฅุจู†ู‘ุง ู†ุฑุจุทู‡ ุจุงู„ู„ุญู…ุŒ ูŠุง
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ุฅุจู†ู‘ุง ู†ุฑุจุทู‡ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุจุนุถุŒ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
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plugged inุŒ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ููŠ ุจุฑุบูŠุŒ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ ุดุบู„ุงุช ุฃูˆ
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ู…ุณู…ุงุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนุงุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ fasteners or
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fixing a bolt with a nutุŒ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุณู…ู‘ูŠู†ุง
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ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ boltุŒ bolts have threadsุŒ grooves on the
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outside of the bolt shaft or shankุŒ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุฅูŠุด
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ุฅู„ู‡ุŸ ููŠ ุญูˆุงู ู…ุณู†ูˆู†ุฉุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุงู„ุญูˆุงู ุงู„ู…ุณู†ูˆู†ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ threads ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุญุงูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณู†ูˆู†ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„
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grooves ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุงุฑุฒุฉ ูˆุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ุงุฒู„ุฉุŒ ุชุนุฑู
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ุงู„ุญุงูุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ุญุงูุฉ ุงู„ุญุงุฏุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงุฑุฒุฉ
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ูˆููŠ ุฌู†ุจู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุนุดุงู† ุชุจูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠุŸ ููŠ ุฌู†ุจู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ู…ู†ุฎูุถ
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ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ู†ุฎูุถุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุดูƒู„
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ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุชุจุนู‡ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ุขู†
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุณู†ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู‡ู†ุง
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ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ู…ุณู†ู†ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญูˆุงู .. ู‡ุฐูˆู„
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ุงู„ุญูˆุงู ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง treads ูˆ ุงู„ .. ูˆ ุงู„ grooves ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
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ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู… .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงู† ุงู„ู…ูุฑู‚ุฉุŒ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุงุช ..
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ุงูŠูˆู‡ ุงู„ู…ูุฑู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ shaft ุฃูˆ ุงู„ shankุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ headุŒ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุน ู‡ูŠ
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ุงู„ shaft which runs around the shaft in a helical
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patternุŒ helical pattern ุจุชุนุฑููˆุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ helical
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ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ุดูˆููˆุง ุญูุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงู† ูƒูŠู ุดูƒู„ู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุด ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉุŒ
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ู…ุงุฆู„ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง helicalุŒ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุญู„ุฒูˆู†ูŠ
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The threaded shaft allows a nut which has the
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threads inside it to be screwed into the bolts
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.ุงู„ุขู† ุฏู‡ ุจุชุณู…ูˆู†ู‡ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูุฑู‚ุฉ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท
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ููŠ ุญูˆุงู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ุŒ ูุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญุทู‡ุง ูˆู†ู„ูู‡ุง
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ุจุชุฑูƒุจ ู…ุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูƒุŒ By turning
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motion, the thread inside to be screwed onto the
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bolt by turning a turning motionุŒ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู„ูู‡ุง ูˆ
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ู†ุญุฑูƒู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠุŒ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุณ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
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ู†ูˆุนูŠู†ุŒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง left hand thread ูˆ right hand
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threadุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
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ุนู‚ุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนูƒุณ ุนู‚ุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉุŒ ุงู„ right hand ู‡ุฐู‡
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screwed by turning them clockwiseุŒ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุนู‚ุงุฑุจ
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ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ clockwise ุฃูˆ right hand
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thread and unscrewed by turning them anticlockwise
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ุงู„ู€ anticlockwise ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุงู„
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counter clockwise
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ู‡ูŠ Anti-clockwiseุŒ ูˆ Anti ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุง ุถุฏุŒ ุฏู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฑูˆุญ ููŠ
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ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุนู‚ุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุถุฏู‡ุงุŸ ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
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counter clockwise ุฃูˆ Anti-clockwiseุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Anti ..
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ู„ู…ุง ู†ุญุฒู‚ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ Titan ุจู†ุนู…ู„ Clockwise ุจู†ุนู…ู„
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LoosingุŒ ุฏู‡ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ anti ุฃูˆ counter clockwise
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however in some situation left hand threads are
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usedุŒ ุงู„ุบุงู„ุจูŠุฉ ุฅูŠุดุŸ right handุŒ ุจุณ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ
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ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† left handุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑุบุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ
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ุงู„ threadุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ shaftุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ head ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
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ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ nutsุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง Spanner ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ููƒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
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00:05:16,190 --> 00:05:19,410
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง hex key ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง allen key ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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00:05:19,410 --> 00:05:25,150
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุนูุฑูŠุชุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ู„ู…ุง
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00:05:25,150 --> 00:05:30,210
ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฎุฒูˆู‚ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุนูŠู† ุจุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ููŠู‡ุง ูู‡ุฐุง
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00:05:30,210 --> 00:05:36,370
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ hex key ุฃูˆ allen keyุŒ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰
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00:05:36,370 --> 00:05:41,610
ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ู…ูุฑู‚ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุนูŠู†ุŒ ูƒู„ูƒู… ุดูุชูˆู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุฏูˆุฉ
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00:05:48,480 --> 00:05:52,080
ููŠู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูˆุน ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆู‡ูŠ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุชูุฑูŠุบุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู…
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ุจูŠุชูƒู„ู…ูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู„ู„ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุซู…ุงู†ูŠ
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00:05:55,880 --> 00:06:01,720
hexagonalุŒ ูˆุงู„ุชูุฑูŠุบุฉ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง
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00:06:01,720 --> 00:06:05,800
most bull bolts have heads with hexagonal
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00:06:05,800 --> 00:06:09,920
perimeterุŒ hexagonal heads or hex headsุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„
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00:06:09,920 --> 00:06:17,030
ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ู‡ู†ุง ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุŒ these allow a spanner to
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00:06:17,030 --> 00:06:21,030
turn themุŒ ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุฒู‚ู‡ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…
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00:06:21,030 --> 00:06:26,030
ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ heads can also have a hexagonal
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00:06:26,030 --> 00:06:32,670
hole in their topุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูุฑู‚ ููŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุซู‚ุจ ุนู„ู‰
77
00:06:32,670 --> 00:06:39,920
ุดูƒู„ ุดูƒู„ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุŒ called socket headุŒ ุงู„ุตุงูƒุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
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00:06:39,920 --> 00:06:46,200
ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู…ูุฑู‚ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุตุงูƒุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุงุŒ this allows a
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hex key or allen key to fit into themุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง
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00:06:49,700 --> 00:06:54,700
ู†ุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ููŠู‡ุง ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ู„ูู‡ุŒ ุจุฏูˆู†ู‡ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ุดุชุบู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
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ุทุจุนุง ุฃุตุนุจ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฒูŠ
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ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุฏูƒ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุนุฏุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ุŒ a
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00:07:04,730 --> 00:07:09,310
nut is screwed into a bolt, a bolt can be screwed
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into the threaded holeุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏุง ุงู„ nuts ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅูŠุด
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ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ screwed into the boltุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู† .. ุจู† ..
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00:07:19,870 --> 00:07:28,560
ุจู† ู„ุฒู‘ู‚ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุจู†ู„ูู‡ุง ุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู† ..
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00:07:28,560 --> 00:07:31,640
ุจู†ุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ board can be screwed into
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00:07:31,640 --> 00:07:36,580
the threaded holeุŒ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุซู‚ุจุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ุซู‚ุจ
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00:07:36,580 --> 00:07:41,380
ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูุฑุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ุด ุฏุงูŠู…ุง
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00:07:41,380 --> 00:07:44,560
ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุณู…ู‘ูˆู†ุฉุŒ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุฏู‚ู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุซู‚ุจ ูˆ
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ุงู„ุซู‚ุจ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนู…ูˆู„ู‡ ู…ูุฑุฌ ูƒุฏู‡ ู„ู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ููŠู‡ุŒ ูู‡ุฏูˆู„
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ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูˆุน ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
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ุงู„ุขู† ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุชุญุฒูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
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00:07:58,510 --> 00:07:59,390
ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
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ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
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00:08:00,990 --> 00:08:03,090
ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
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00:08:03,090 --> 00:08:03,170
ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
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00:08:03,170 --> 00:08:03,190
ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
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00:08:03,190 --> 00:08:05,590
ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
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00:08:05,590 --> 00:08:05,630
ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
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00:08:05,630 --> 00:08:10,510
ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ
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00:08:10,510 --> 00:08:20,550
ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู…ู„ุนู‚ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด
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00:08:20,550 --> 00:08:24,710
turning forceุŒ ุฃู†ุง ููŠู‡ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนุฒู… ุจ .. ุจ .. ุจุนู…ู„ู‡
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00:08:24,710 --> 00:08:30,770
ู„ุฃุญุฒู‚ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠุŒ as a bolt is tightening, the tension
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00:08:30,770 --> 00:08:34,350
stretching force in its shaft increasesุŒ ุฅุฐุง
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00:08:34,350 --> 00:08:37,710
ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุฒู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุญุชู‰ ุฏู‡ ุจุชุญุณูˆู‡
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00:08:37,710 --> 00:08:42,600
ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจุณุฎู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุงุญุธ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุบู„ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุณุฎูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู†
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00:08:42,600 --> 00:08:46,780
ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุญุฒู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ
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00:08:46,780 --> 00:08:53,000
ุถุบุท ุงู„ tensionุŒ ุงู„ tension ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูˆู„ุฏ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ in
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00:08:53,000 --> 00:08:56,140
its shaft increases and the components being
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00:08:56,140 --> 00:08:59,160
bolted together are pressed tightly togetherุŒ ุฅูŠุด
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00:08:59,160 --> 00:09:06,320
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ู…ุŸ ู‡ู… ุจู†ุญุฒู‚ู‡ ุฃูˆ ุจู†ุถุบุทู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌุงู…ุฏ ู…ุน
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00:09:06,320 --> 00:09:13,340
ุจุนุถ tightlyุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุฒุงุฌุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุญุฒู‘ุฌูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ this
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00:09:13,340 --> 00:09:18,040
pressing force is called preload or clamp loadุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
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00:09:18,040 --> 00:09:24,240
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ preloadุŒ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุถุบุทุฉ ุฃูˆ
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00:09:24,240 --> 00:09:28,440
ุงู„ clamp ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ clampุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุญุท
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00:09:28,440 --> 00:09:34,720
ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง clampุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฑุจุทู‡ู… ููŠ ุจุนุถ
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00:09:34,720 --> 00:09:41,760
ุฃูˆ ุถุบุทู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถุŒ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง clamp loadุŒ also if
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00:09:41,760 --> 00:09:46,260
enough preload is appliedุŒ friction between the
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00:09:46,260 --> 00:09:50,340
components will prevent them sliding in different
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00:09:50,340 --> 00:09:55,600
directionsุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุญุทูŠุช ู‚ูˆุฉ ูƒุงููŠุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง
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00:09:55,600 --> 00:10:00,180
ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠุธู„ูˆุง ู…ู„ุฒู‚ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู…ุง ููŠุด
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ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠุŒ this is an advantage as sliding
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00:10:05,410 --> 00:10:11,330
object decides of bolts to shear force the
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00:10:11,330 --> 00:10:14,730
scissoring force which can cause them to break in
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00:10:14,730 --> 00:10:20,510
steel structure to break ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุญุทูŠุช ู‚ูˆุฉ
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00:10:20,510 --> 00:10:25,910
ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู… ุฅูŠุด ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ
128
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ุจูŠู†ูƒุณุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจู†ูƒุณุฑุŒ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† .. ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
129
00:10:32,020 --> 00:10:36,840
ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ุชู†ูƒุณุฑุŒ ูŠุง ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ูŠุง ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุญุตู„
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ู…ุนู†ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุญุงู„ูƒ ุจุชุญุฒู‚.. ุจุชุญุฒู‚ ูุฌุฃุฉ ูˆ
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ุจุชูุฑุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุญุฒู‚ ููŠู‡ุง
132
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ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนุงุช ุงู„ุตู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู‚ูˆุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ
133
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ู„ุฅู†ู‚ุงุฐ ุงู„ุณู„ุงุฌุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุตู†ุงุนุฉ
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135
00:10:57,010 --> 00:10:59,230
136
00:10:59,230 --> 00:11:02,950
137
00:11:02,950 --> 00:11:06,150
138
00:11:06,150 --> 00:11:06,210
139
00:11:06,210 --> 00:11:06,870
140
00:11:06,870 --> 00:11:07,290
141
00:11:07,290 --> 00:11:10,390
142
00:11:11,930 --> 00:11:15,690
ุถุบุท ุนุงู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุช ุจุฏูƒ.. ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ structure ุฃู†ุง ุฅูŠุด
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00:11:15,690 --> 00:11:20,470
ุจุฏูŠุŸ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุฒู‚ ุฌุงู…ุฏ ูุจุฏูŠุด ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุชุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰
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ุนุฌู„ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุญุฏุง ููŠูƒู… ุดุงู ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุญุฒูˆู‚ุŸ ูุนุฌู„
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ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ.. ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุฑุฎูˆ ู…ุด ู…ุญุฒูˆู‚ ุฌุงู…ุฏ ุฅูŠุด
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ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ุจูŠูู„ุท ูˆุฃู†ุช ุชุตูˆุฑ ูˆุฃู†ุช ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ูŠูู„ุท
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ุทูŠุจ the amount of torque applied to bolts can be
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adjusted using torque wrench ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ุนุงู…ูŠุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
149
00:11:52,530 --> 00:11:57,370
ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃูŠ ู…ูุชุงุญ ุจู†ุญุฒู‚ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ุดูƒู„ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏ
150
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ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑูŠูƒุงู† ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ wrench ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„
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wrench ู‡ู†ุง ุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณูŠ
152
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ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุดูƒู„ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆุจุชุถู„ ุชุนุฏู„ ููŠู‡ ูู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ
153
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.. ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ F ู…ุด ุงู„ F ู„ุฃ ุงู„ F ุงู„ุฅู†ุฌู„ูŠุฒูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„
154
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English ุงู„ F ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุฒู‚ ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
155
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ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
156
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ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุด ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ูุฑู†ุณูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ wrench ูุงู„ wrench ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡
158
00:12:33,610 --> 00:12:39,230
ุจุชุญุฒู‚ู‡ ูˆุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุญุณ ูƒุฏู‡ ู…ุง ุญุฒู‚ู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฅุฐุง ุญุฏุง ููŠูƒ
159
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ูŠุฌุฑุจ ูุงู„ุจู†ุงุช ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌุฑุจ ู…ู† ููŠู‡ ุฃุตู„ู‹ุง
160
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ุฒุฑุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฒุฑุฏูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูุชุงุญ ุซุงู†ูŠ ู„ูˆู†
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ุฏุงูŠู…ู‹ุง ุญุชู‰ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ silver ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ูู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุนู…ู„
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ู…ู†ู‡ a tool which can tighten and loosen bolts ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุฃู†ุช ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนุฏู„
164
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ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุชู†ุงุณุจ ู…ุน ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุชุจุน ุงู„ bolts
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the head of the bolts which indicates how much
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00:13:12,850 --> 00:13:16,210
torque is applied this help to ensure that bolts
167
00:13:16,210 --> 00:13:21,580
are tightened enough but not over-tightened torque
168
00:13:21,580 --> 00:13:26,180
wrenches ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุถู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡
169
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ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู†ุญุฒู‚ ูƒุงููŠ ู„ุฃู† ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุญุณู‡ ุจุณ ู…ุด ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
170
00:13:31,500 --> 00:13:37,220
ู„ุฃู† ุฃู†ุช ุขุฎุฑ ู„ุญุธุงุชูƒ ุจุชุญุณ ุฃู† ุฃู†ุช ูˆุตู„ุชูŠ ู„ุฅูŠุด ู„.. ู„
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.. ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู„ุฃู† ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุซู‚ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง
172
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ุฌูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุจุฏูƒ force ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู… ุจุชุนุฑู ุฃู†ูƒ
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ูˆุตู„ุชูŠ ู„ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
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Torque wrenches are also useful for checking that
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both joints do not work loose ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ู„ู…ุง
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00:13:58,090 --> 00:14:02,450
ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ู„ูˆ ุชูŠุฌูŠ
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ู…ุณูƒุชู‡ุง ุจุชุนุฑู ุฅูŠุด ุจุณ ู„ูˆ ุชุญุท ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู…ุง ุชุญุทูŠู‡ ุชูŠุฌูŠ
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ุชุญุฒู‚ู‡ ุจุชุนุฑู ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑุฎูŠุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุฅูŠุด ู…ุญุฒูˆู‚ุฉ work loose
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุฑุฎูŠุฉ that is they do not become loose
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over time ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฑุฎุงูˆุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุฅูŠุด
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00:14:21,810 --> 00:14:26,490
ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฑุฎูˆุฉ ุงุชุฑุฎุฑุฎุช ุฃูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
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ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู…ุฑุจูˆุท ุจุจุฑุงุบูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงุทู„ุนุชู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุน
183
00:14:31,630 --> 00:14:37,050
ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงุชุฑุฎุฑุฎ ูˆ ุจูŠููƒ ู„ุฃู† ุฃูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุงุฑุฉ
184
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ูŠู…ูƒู† ุจุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ุงุชุฑุฎุฑุฎ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจู†ูƒุณุฑ
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ุจุชูƒุณุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฃุตู„ู‹ุง
186
00:14:47,220 --> 00:14:51,300
ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ washers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฅุณูˆุฑุฉ
187
00:14:51,300 --> 00:14:55,720
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฏุจู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุทูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
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ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุจุฏู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชุนุฒู„ ุจูŠู†ู‡ ูˆุจูŠู†
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ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุฑูƒุจู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฃูˆ ุจู†ู„ุญุฒู‚ washers are metal
190
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discs which fit between the head of the balls or a
191
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nut and the components being bolted together ุฏู‡
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุทู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ุทูŠุจ ordinary washers
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called flat washers or plain washers flat washers
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or plain washers ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ typical ุงู„
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typical ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ flat ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฏุงุฆุฑูŠ ุจู‡ุฐุง
196
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ุงู„ุดูƒู„ I have a larger outside diameter than the
197
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bolt head or the nut ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุณุงุญุชู‡ู… ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู†
198
00:15:46,600 --> 00:15:52,600
ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู†ูˆุนู‹ุง ู…ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุฌุงู„
199
00:15:52,600 --> 00:15:56,940
ู„ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ูƒุงู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ ุตุบูŠุฑ ุจุชุญุทูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุตุจุท ู…ุนุงูƒ ููŠู‡ุง
200
00:16:01,690 --> 00:16:05,530
Wider area is intended to spread the load or
201
00:16:05,530 --> 00:16:09,230
distribute the pressure over the surface of the
202
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component as the bolt is tightened ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„
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reason ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณูˆูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุถุบุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชูˆุฒุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„
204
00:16:17,550 --> 00:16:23,750
ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ spread the pressure ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
205
00:16:23,750 --> 00:16:31,940
ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูˆุงุถุญุงู†ุฉ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุด ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
206
00:16:31,940 --> 00:16:35,640
ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ููŠ ูˆุณุน ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
207
00:16:35,640 --> 00:16:39,420
ู…ุง ุจุฌูŠุด ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุจุงู„ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุฒู‚ ุฃุญุฒู‚ ุฃุญุฒู‚
208
00:16:39,420 --> 00:16:42,980
ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑุŸ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจุชุชุทุจู‚ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุจุชุจุนู‡ุง
209
00:16:42,980 --> 00:16:47,920
ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ูƒู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ helical spring washer ู‡ุฐุง
210
00:16:47,920 --> 00:16:51,860
ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุจุชุณู…ูŠู‡ spring washer ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ูƒู‡ุง plain
211
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ุฃูˆ flat washer ู‡ุฐู‡ helical spring washer ู‡ูŠ ู…ูุชูˆุญุฉ
212
00:16:57,060 --> 00:17:02,800
ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุณู…ูŠูƒุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู…ุด
213
00:17:02,800 --> 00:17:09,360
ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ูƒู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด conical spring washer ุงู„ุขู†
214
00:17:09,360 --> 00:17:13,040
ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุขุฌูŠ ุฃุถุบุท ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง compressed
215
00:17:13,040 --> 00:17:20,000
ุชู†ุถุบุท ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ spring washers are
216
00:17:20,000 --> 00:17:24,080
designed to be compressed ุงู„ู‡ุฏู ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฏูˆู„
217
00:17:24,080 --> 00:17:28,430
ูŠู†ุถุบุทูˆุง to allow the amount of preload to be
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00:17:28,430 --> 00:17:32,510
adjusted as the bolts is tightened ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
219
00:17:32,510 --> 00:17:35,750
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง
220
00:17:35,750 --> 00:17:41,270
adjusting ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุชุนุฏูŠู„ ุชุชุนุฏู„ ุญุณุจ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ
221
00:17:41,270 --> 00:17:47,530
ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุจุฏูŠูƒูŠ ุฃุญุฒู‚ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ุฑุจูˆุท ุฃูŠ ุฃูŠ ู‚ุทุนุชูŠู†
222
00:17:47,530 --> 00:17:52,370
mechanical ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠ
223
00:17:52,370 --> 00:17:59,600
ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠูƒุฃู‡ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุญุชู‰ ุฃู†ุช ู„ู…ุง
224
00:17:59,600 --> 00:18:03,920
ุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุดุชุฑูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ูุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุช ููŠ ุดุบู„ุงุช
225
00:18:03,920 --> 00:18:07,360
ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ุชุฑูˆุญูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญู„ ุจุฑุงุบูŠ ูˆุจุฏูƒ ุชุดุชุฑูŠ
226
00:18:07,360 --> 00:18:14,520
ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุงู„ูƒูˆุงู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงุช ูˆุงุดูŠุฑูˆุด
227
00:18:14,520 --> 00:18:18,380
ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุนุฑู ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ูŠุง ุฅุณูˆุฑุฉ ูŠุง ุฏุจู„ุฉ ูŠุง ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู
228
00:18:18,380 --> 00:18:25,430
ุฅูŠุด in some situations ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ spring
229
00:18:25,430 --> 00:18:30,870
washers ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆู† ู„ุชุณู…ุญ ู„ุณุฌู† ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ู‹ุง ู„ูƒูŠ ูŠุชู„ุงุนุจ
230
00:18:30,870 --> 00:18:36,170
ุงู„ุดูƒุณ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุดูƒุณ ู…ุงู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุทุงุจ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
231
00:18:36,170 --> 00:18:41,850
ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุดูƒ ูุงุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
232
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ุจู†ุญุทู‡ุง ุงู„ washer ุงู„ spring washer ุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง
233
00:18:46,150 --> 00:18:51,330
ุงู„ุดูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุฑูˆู†ุฉ ุฃู† ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฎููŠูุฉ
234
00:18:52,770 --> 00:18:56,070
common types of spring washer are helical spring
235
00:18:56,070 --> 00:19:00,330
washer and conical spring washer ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง
236
00:19:00,330 --> 00:19:05,970
ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุขู†
237
00:19:05,970 --> 00:19:10,890
ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุชุทู„ุน
238
00:19:10,890 --> 00:19:16,090
ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ fasteners ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
239
00:19:16,090 --> 00:19:21,670
ุฑูˆุงุจุท ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ bolts ูˆ ุงู„ knots ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
240
00:19:21,670 --> 00:19:26,910
ุงู„ spanner ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุด
241
00:19:26,910 --> 00:19:32,790
ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ hex ุฃูˆ ุงู„ allen key ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
242
00:19:32,790 --> 00:19:40,250
ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ threads ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑ ูˆุงู„ุดุงูุช ู…ุธุจูˆุท
243
00:19:40,250 --> 00:19:43,730
ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุดุงูุช ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุน ุงู„ head ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง
244
00:19:43,730 --> 00:19:47,910
ูƒู„ุงุฌ
245
00:19:47,910 --> 00:19:55,150
ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง hexagonal ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ูˆุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡
246
00:19:55,150 --> 00:20:02,890
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู‡ุงูŠ
247
00:20:02,890 --> 00:20:08,990
ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ head ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† hole ุงู„ hole ุดูƒู„ู‡
248
00:20:08,990 --> 00:20:17,370
hexagonal ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ forces ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง
249
00:20:17,370 --> 00:20:23,210
ุนู„ู‰ shear force ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ tension ุฏู‡ ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง
250
00:20:23,210 --> 00:20:28,630
ูˆุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ scissor torque ุฃูˆ scissor force
251
00:20:28,630 --> 00:20:33,650
ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ washers ูˆ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู†
252
00:20:33,650 --> 00:20:36,890
ู…ู† ุงู„ washers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ plain ุฃูˆ ุงู„ flat ูˆ ุงู„
253
00:20:36,890 --> 00:20:42,790
spring ูˆ ุงู„ spring ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠู‡ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู† helical ูˆ ุงูŠุดุŸ
254
00:20:42,790 --> 00:20:48,670
ุงูŠูˆุง ุงู„ุขู† ู†ุฌูŠ ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ wrenches ุงู„ wrenches ู‡ุฏูˆู„
255
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are well-known example of fasteners ุตุญุŸ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€
256
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.. ุงู„ wrenches ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ู…ุด fastener ู‡ูŠ tool for a
257
00:20:59,490 --> 00:21:05,010
fastener ุงูŠุด ุงู„ fastenerุŸ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ bolts ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
258
00:21:05,010 --> 00:21:10,110
ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ู‡ูˆ fastener ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ wrenches ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ..
259
00:21:10,110 --> 00:21:15,320
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญุฒู‚ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุฑุบูŠ ุงู„ wrench ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
260
00:21:15,320 --> 00:21:21,760
ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุงูŠูˆุง ู…ุธุจูˆุท in
261
00:21:21,760 --> 00:21:25,760
most cases nuts are screwed into bolts by turning
262
00:21:25,760 --> 00:21:30,980
them anticlockwise Clockwise ุงู„ majority ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงูŠุด
263
00:21:30,980 --> 00:21:37,830
Clockwise ุงู„ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ majority clockwise ุงู„ู€
264
00:21:37,830 --> 00:21:40,550
exception ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ counter-clockwise ุฃูˆ anti
265
00:21:40,550 --> 00:21:45,330
-clockwise the threaded part of a bolt is the head
266
00:21:45,330 --> 00:21:51,530
ุงูŠุด ุงู„ threaded partุŸ ุงู„ shaft ุฃูˆ ุงู„ shank ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุน
267
00:21:51,530 --> 00:21:57,890
ุชุจุนู‡ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ threads are cut to form hexagonal
268
00:21:57,890 --> 00:22:04,980
pattern helical pattern ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุญู„ุฒูˆู† ู…ุธุจูˆุท
269
00:22:04,980 --> 00:22:09,180
Allen keys are designed to fit around the head of
270
00:22:09,180 --> 00:22:14,260
the bolts ุงูŠุด ุงู„ AllenุŸ ุงู†ุชู… ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
271
00:22:14,260 --> 00:22:19,240
ุจู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงูŠุด ู…ูุฑุบุฉ ูุจู†ุฏุฎู„ู‡ุง
272
00:22:19,240 --> 00:22:19,660
ููŠู‡ุง
273
00:22:26,590 --> 00:22:31,110
ุงู„ุขู† we got to use the words in the box to fill in
274
00:22:31,110 --> 00:22:34,410
the blanks in a structural application ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
275
00:22:34,410 --> 00:22:41,590
ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ุงุช ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก it is essential to .. ุงูŠุดุŸ
276
00:22:41,590 --> 00:22:46,750
ุงู„ bolts .. tighten the bolts ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุญุฒู‚
277
00:22:46,750 --> 00:22:53,410
ุงู„ุจุฑุงุบูŠ it is essential to tighten the bolts ู„ุงุฒู…
278
00:22:53,410 --> 00:22:59,010
ู†ุญุฒู‚ .. ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ู†ุญุฒู‚ the bolts correctly okay firstly
279
00:22:59,010 --> 00:23:03,550
to make sure that joints are held together with
280
00:23:03,550 --> 00:23:09,950
the right amount of .. ุงูŠุด ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุทู‡ุงุŸ ุงูŠูˆุง
281
00:23:09,950 --> 00:23:15,110
preload ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงุญู†ุง ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŸ tighten ูˆ
282
00:23:15,110 --> 00:23:20,880
preload ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง over time however that does not
283
00:23:20,880 --> 00:23:25,920
end secondly to help ensure that the bolts do not
284
00:23:25,920 --> 00:23:33,400
work loose over time ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุด ู‡ุงูŠุด ูŠุชุฑุฎุฎูˆุง
285
00:23:33,400 --> 00:23:41,640
work loose ุทูŠุจ however that does not mean to say
286
00:23:41,640 --> 00:23:46,470
the tighter the bolt ุทูŠุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ุด ุงู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ
287
00:23:46,470 --> 00:23:51,370
ูƒุงู† ู…ุญุฒูˆุฌ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญุฒูˆุฌ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฃูุถู„ if excessive
288
00:23:51,370 --> 00:23:57,730
force is used to overtighten ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ู‚ูˆุฉ
289
00:23:57,730 --> 00:24:06,410
ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู„ุงุฒู… ู„ุฃุญุฒู‚ ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ overtighten ููŠ
290
00:24:06,410 --> 00:24:11,050
ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ุง excessive ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
291
00:24:11,050 --> 00:24:12,870
ุทูŠุจ
292
00:24:16,040 --> 00:24:19,820
the bolt will no longer be strong enough to
293
00:24:19,820 --> 00:24:23,320
transmit the extra load to the joint ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
294
00:24:23,320 --> 00:24:31,020
transmitุŸ transmit transmission
295
00:24:31,020 --> 00:24:38,000
ุฃูˆ transmission ุงูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ูŠุฑุณู„ transmission ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู†ู‚ู„
296
00:24:39,480 --> 00:24:44,840
transmit the extra load ูŠู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„
297
00:24:44,840 --> 00:24:48,760
joint ุงู„ joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ ..
298
00:24:48,760 --> 00:24:54,120
ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฑุงุจุท ู„ู„ุฑุงุจุท at this point various problems
299
00:24:54,120 --> 00:25:00,620
can occur the shank may begin to twist as it is
300
00:25:00,620 --> 00:25:05,640
subject to additional ุงูŠุดุŸ torque ุงู„ุขู† ุงูŠุด ุงู„ ..
301
00:25:05,640 --> 00:25:14,070
ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงูŠุดุŸ twist ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ twistุŸ ูŠู„ูˆูŠ ู„ู…ุง
302
00:25:14,070 --> 00:25:20,650
ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุชู„ุชูˆู‰ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง twist ูู‡ุงู†ู‚ุงุด ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุญุงุทูŠู†ุง
303
00:25:20,650 --> 00:25:24,470
force ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงูŠุด .. ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุชู„ูˆู‰ ุชู„ุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
304
00:25:24,470 --> 00:25:29,290
ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง ุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุทูŠุจ
305
00:25:31,700 --> 00:25:34,780
subject to additional torque from the wrench
306
00:25:34,780 --> 00:25:37,080
eventually causing the bolt to fail
307
00:25:37,080 --> 00:25:46,920
Alternatively,
308
00:25:48,860 --> 00:25:53,820
as the bolt is stretched due to increasing ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงูŠุด
309
00:25:53,820 --> 00:25:58,680
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุจุจู‡ุงุŸ tension in the shank the force will
310
00:25:58,680 --> 00:26:05,940
be transmitted to the threads of the bolt and nut
311
00:26:07,060 --> 00:26:11,520
ู‡ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง attention ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
312
00:26:11,520 --> 00:26:15,460
load ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญู…ู„ ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ threads ุงู„ thread ุงู„ู„ูŠ
313
00:26:15,460 --> 00:26:20,360
ู‡ูŠ ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ุณู†ุงู† ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ bolts ูˆ ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ nuts ูู‡ุฐู‡
314
00:26:20,360 --> 00:26:24,700
ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุชูƒุณุฑ ูƒู…ุงู†
315
00:26:28,830 --> 00:26:31,810
potentially causing permanent damage to the
316
00:26:31,810 --> 00:26:36,790
thread ู‡ุงูŠ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ุจุชุฎุฑุจ ุฃุณู†ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
317
00:26:36,790 --> 00:26:40,030
permanent damage this will not only make it
318
00:26:40,030 --> 00:26:48,750
impossible to subsequently tighten and loosen
319
00:26:48,750 --> 00:26:54,630
the bolt Okay normally but also cause tension to
320
00:26:54,630 --> 00:26:58,490
be released from the shank as nuts slip reducing
321
00:26:58,490 --> 00:27:02,290
preload and compromising the strength of the
322
00:27:02,290 --> 00:27:05,570
joints ุงูŠุด ุงุญู†ุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุญุฐุงู‚ุช ูˆ ุฎุฑุจุช
323
00:27:05,570 --> 00:27:09,970
ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุทูู„ุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชุฑุฎูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ูˆ
324
00:27:09,970 --> 00:27:15,210
ุฑุฎุช ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ุฎุฑุจ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฌูŠุจูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฑุบ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูˆ
325
00:27:15,210 --> 00:27:19,750
ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูƒ not ู…ุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุณ ู„ูˆ
326
00:27:19,750 --> 00:27:23,430
ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุฑู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ุฎุฑุจุช ุงู„ุณู† ุชุจุน
327
00:27:23,430 --> 00:27:29,190
ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฑู…ูŠ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุงุฎุฏูŠู‡ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงูŠุด
328
00:27:29,190 --> 00:27:32,630
ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุชุจุนุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุงุฑุท ูˆ ูŠุฎุฑุทู„ูƒ ููŠู‡ุง ุญูŠู† ุงู†ุช
329
00:27:32,630 --> 00:27:38,490
ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุบู„ุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุทูŠุจ
330
00:27:40,450 --> 00:27:45,670
ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ true and
331
00:27:45,670 --> 00:27:51,930
false ูˆ correct the wrong answer the purpose of
332
00:27:51,930 --> 00:27:55,250
all washers is to spread the load from the bolts
333
00:27:55,250 --> 00:27:59,410
across the surfaces of the components being bolted
334
00:27:59,410 --> 00:28:03,850
together ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ washers ูƒู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ูŠู† ุจุชู†ุนู…ู„
335
00:28:03,850 --> 00:28:11,140
ุจุณ ุงู„ flat ุฃูˆ ุงู„ plain ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุจุธุจุทุด ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ plain
336
00:28:11,140 --> 00:28:16,200
washers are flat ุงู„ plain ุงูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู…ุŸ ุดูƒู„ู‡ู…
337
00:28:16,200 --> 00:28:23,040
flat ุงู„ spring washer it changes shape as a bolt is
338
00:28:23,040 --> 00:28:27,240
tightened ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุญู…ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ
339
00:28:27,240 --> 00:28:31,720
ู„ู…ุง ุชู†ุถุบุท ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰
340
00:28:31,720 --> 00:28:34,900
ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ู†ููˆุฎุฉ ุชู†ุถุบุท
341
00:28:36,350 --> 00:28:40,370
ุงู„ู€ spring washer ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ู…ู‡ู…ุง ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู‚ุทุนุฉ
342
00:28:40,370 --> 00:28:46,470
ุชุถุบุท ุชุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ preload ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ
343
00:28:46,470 --> 00:28:47,770
ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ
344
00:28:47,770 --> 00:28:52,890
ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ
345
00:28:52,890 --> 00:28:59,530
ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ
346
00:28:59,530 --> 00:29:04,570
ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ
347
00:29:04,570 --> 00:29:09,110
ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ false ุงูŠุด ุจุช allow some movement ุนู†ุฏูŠ
348
00:29:09,110 --> 00:29:13,950
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ movement ู‡ูŠ ุงุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุชุณู…ุญู„ูŠ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ุญุฑูƒุฉ
349
00:29:13,950 --> 00:29:19,410
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู†
350
00:29:19,410 --> 00:29:24,370
ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ washers ูƒู„ูƒูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†
351
00:29:24,370 --> 00:29:34,150
ุงูŠุด ุงู„ washers ุทุจ ู„ุง ุงู„ุฏุจู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุณูˆุงุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
352
00:29:34,150 --> 00:29:42,560
washers ุงูŠูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ washer ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„
353
00:29:42,560 --> 00:29:48,980
fasteners ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ู‰
354
00:29:48,980 --> 00:29:55,220
ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ washer ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ bolts ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
355
00:29:55,220 --> 00:30:00,540
ุงู„ head ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ
356
00:30:12,710 --> 00:30:18,630
ุงูŠูˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ Spanner ูƒูˆูŠุณ
357
00:30:18,630 --> 00:30:24,750
ุงู„ู…ูุชุงุญ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ wrench ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
358
00:30:24,750 --> 00:30:28,470
ุถุงูŠู„ ุงู„ allen key ุงู„ allen key ุฃูˆ ุงู„ hex ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
359
00:30:28,470 --> 00:30:29,410
ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุจุนู‡
360
00:30:32,890 --> 00:30:37,890
ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุฉ ูˆููŠู‡ ุงู„ูŠุฏ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูˆู‡ุฏ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุด
361
00:30:37,890 --> 00:30:43,050
ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูƒุจุดุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู‡ูŠ .. ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุฏ ูˆูŠู„ู‡ุง
362
00:30:43,050 --> 00:30:49,370
ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฑุงุณ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆ ู…ุฌุณุงุช ูู‡ุฏ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„
363
00:30:49,370 --> 00:30:54,090
allen key ุฃูˆ ุงู„ hex ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงูŠุด ุถุงูŠู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ู†
364
00:30:54,090 --> 00:30:58,130
ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงู„ torque ูˆ ุงู„ tension ูˆ ุงู„
365
00:30:58,130 --> 00:31:04,070
force ุทุจ ู‡ุงุฏ ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ู… ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุจุงู„ููŠุฒูŠุงุก ูˆุงู„ shear
366
00:31:04,070 --> 00:31:11,490
force ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุถุงูŠู„ ูƒู„ู…ุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ thread ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
367
00:31:11,490 --> 00:31:16,570
ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู€ .. ุฃูˆ ุงุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงูŠุด
368
00:31:16,570 --> 00:31:19,790
ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ tread of the tires ู…ุฑุช ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ุฃูŠุงู… ุงู„
369
00:31:19,790 --> 00:31:27,390
tires ุงูŠุด ู‡ู†ุงุŸ ุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุฌุงู‡ุฒูŠู† ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู‡
370
00:31:27,390 --> 00:31:33,190
ุงูŠุดุŸ ุฎุทูˆุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ tread of the
371
00:31:33,190 --> 00:31:37,370
tires ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงู„ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‚ุฏูŠู… ุงู„ tread ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
372
00:31:37,370 --> 00:31:44,130
ุจูŠู†ู…ุณุญ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนุฌู„ ุจู†ุดุฑ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู ุงู„
373
00:31:44,130 --> 00:31:47,690
threads ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุณู†ุงู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุงู†
374
00:31:47,690 --> 00:31:54,790
helical ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุญู„ุฒูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ hexagonal ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
375
00:31:54,790 --> 00:31:57,470
ู‡ุฐุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ูƒู„ู…ุงุช
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