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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู…ุŒ ุงู„ุญู…ุฏ ู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ูˆ
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ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุขู„ู‡ ูˆุตุญุจู‡ ูˆู…ู†
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ุณุงุนุฏ ุจู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุŒ ุฃู…ุง ุจุนุฏุŒ ูƒู…ุง ูˆุนุฏู†ุงูƒู… ููŠ
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ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉุŒ ู†ุนุฑุถ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูƒุฑุชูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุถุญ ู„ู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุตู„ุŒ ูˆู„ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูˆู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู†ุทุจุงุน ุนู†
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ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุฏุซู†ุง ุจู‡ุŒ ุฅูŠูƒูˆุฒุง ู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุนุดุฑูˆู†
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ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆู‡ุŒ ุฃู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ูƒุจุณูŠุฏ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุซู„ุซุงุช
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ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ุงุจุฏ
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ู„ู„ุงุทู„ุงุน
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ุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุชู ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ู„ูƒูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุฌุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ
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ูˆุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฌุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ูˆุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฌุฑูŠุจ
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ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ูˆุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฌุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ูˆุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฌุฑูŠุจ
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ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ูˆุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฌุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ูˆุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฌุฑูŠุจ
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ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ูˆุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฌุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ูˆุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฌุฑูŠุจ
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ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ูˆุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฌุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ูˆุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฌุฑูŠุจ
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ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ูˆุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฌุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ูˆุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฌุฑูŠุจ
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ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ูˆุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฌุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ูˆุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฌุฑูŠุจ
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ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ูˆุฅุนุงุฏุฉ
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ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุงู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Virus ุงุฑุชุจุท ุจู‡
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Host Cell ู„ู… ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ุนู…ู„ Injection
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ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุณู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุณู…ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Bacterial
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Viruses ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Bacteriophages ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ู„ุง ู†ุฌุฏู‡ุง
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ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Animal Viruses ู„ูƒู† ุชู… ุชู…ุซูŠู„ู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€
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DNA ุฐู‡ุจ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Nucleus ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ Nucleus ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡
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Transcription ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู€ mRNA ุทู„ุน ู„ู„ู€ Cytoplasm ูˆุงู„ู€
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Cytoplasm ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ Translation ูˆุทู„ุน ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ูˆููŠ
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ุงู„ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Virus ุนู…ู„ ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ู„ู„ู€ Cell Membrane ูˆ
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ุฎุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ุณู„ุงู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ู†ุชุฌ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุชุฌุงุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Virus
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ุจู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ Viral Replication ูˆุงู„ู€ Viral
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Replication ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุฌูˆู†ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุจู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
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ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ Double-Stranded DNA ุฃูˆ Single
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-Stranded DNA ูˆู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจูƒู…ุงู† ุฃู†ู‡ RNA ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€
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RNA ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ Positive Sense ูˆู„ุง Negative Sense ูˆู„ุง
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ูƒู„ุงู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ Double-Stranded RNAุŒ ูุฏุนูˆู†ุง ู†ุฑู‰
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ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุฑุถ
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ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุจุณุจุจ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงูƒ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ุชู„ูƒู‡ุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง
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ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู…ุบุงู…ุฑูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฅู†ูู„ูˆู†ุฒุง ูƒู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุชู†ุชุฌ ููŠ
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ู…ุฑุงุชุจ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู‡ุŒ ู…ุบุงู…ุฑ ูˆุฅู†ูู„ูˆู†ุฒุง ุณูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู†
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ุจุชูˆุงุตู„ ูˆุชุฏุฎู„ ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุฎุชู„ูุงู‹ุŒ Animal viruses without
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an envelope are referred to as naked viruses. They
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bind to the surface of the host cell and inject
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their DNA into the host cell in a manner similar
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to bacteriophagesุŒ ุงู„ุงู†ููŠู„ูˆุจุฏ
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ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุจุญูŠุซ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
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Membrane Fusion
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ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ ุงู†ุฏูˆุณุงูŠุชูˆุณุฒุŒ ุงู†ุฏูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ
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ุฃู†ู‡ ูุงุฌูˆุณุงูŠุชูˆุณุฒุŒ ุจุณ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุงู†ุฏูˆุณุงูŠุชูˆุณุฒ
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุฒู†ุŒ ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ
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ูˆุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุฒู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุงุŒ ูˆูŠุชู… ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูŠุช
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ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Cytoplasm. ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉุŒ ูŠูุชุญ ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูŠุช
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ูˆูŠุทู„ู‚ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุฌุณู…
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ุงู„ู…ุฎุฒู†. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง UncoatingุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ
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ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู€ Animation ู‡ูˆ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉุŒ ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชูƒุงุซุฑ
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ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุฌู†ูˆุจ DNA ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุงุฑููˆ ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ู…ุตุทู„ุญุŒ ูˆ
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ูŠู‡ุงุฌู… ู†ู…ูˆู‡ุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู„ู‰
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Single-Stranded DNA ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุจุงุฑููˆ ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุฏุฎู„ุŒ
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ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุฑุงูŠุญุŒ ู…ุชุฌู‡ุŒ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ ู†ุนุฑู ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
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ุจุชูƒุงุซุฑุŒ ูˆุฅู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ DNA ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุจุชูƒุงุซุฑ ููŠ ู†ูˆุงุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
62
00:05:26,320 --> 00:05:29,380
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Box Virus ุจุชูƒุงุซุฑ ููŠ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ CytoplasmุŒ
63
00:05:29,380 --> 00:05:33,680
ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู†ู‚ุงุท ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ุงุŒ a complementary
64
00:05:33,680 --> 00:05:36,820
strand is produced for the single-stranded viral
65
00:05:36,820 --> 00:05:41,730
DNA. This DNA is then replicated normally. Messenger
66
00:05:41,730 --> 00:05:45,090
RNA is transcribed and transported into the
67
00:05:45,090 --> 00:05:48,670
cytoplasm. ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุชูู‚ูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ
68
00:05:48,670 --> 00:05:54,930
ู…ุชู…ุญูˆุฑุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ RNA ูˆุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุชูˆู‚ูู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ
69
00:05:54,930 --> 00:05:58,450
ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉุŒ ุชูˆู‚ูู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ RNAุŒ ูˆุฅู†ู†ุง ุจุฏู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ู…ู†ู†ุง
70
00:05:58,450 --> 00:06:04,070
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉุŒ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุชู…ุญูˆุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุญูˆุฑ ูู‡ู…ู†ุง
71
00:06:04,070 --> 00:06:07,130
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Replication ุฃุณุงุณุงู‹ุŒ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† Positive
72
00:06:07,130 --> 00:06:12,270
-Stranded ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉุŒ can act as an messenger
73
00:06:12,270 --> 00:06:16,050
RNAุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง Negative-Strand ุจุฏู‡ุŒ ูˆุฅุฐุง DNA ุบูŠุฑุŒ
74
00:06:16,050 --> 00:06:24,710
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุณุชุณุนู‰ ู„ู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ mRNA
75
00:06:24,710 --> 00:06:28,630
ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Early Transcription ูˆ Translation
76
00:06:28,630 --> 00:06:32,610
ูˆุงู„ู€ Early Transcription ูˆ Translation ุจุชู…ู‡ุฏ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
77
00:06:32,610 --> 00:06:38,090
ุชู…ู‡ุฏ ู„ู„ู€ Late Transcription
78
00:06:38,330 --> 00:06:41,090
ูˆููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุจุชุงุนุชู†ุง ู†ู†ุณุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Genome
79
00:06:41,090 --> 00:06:46,270
ReplicationุŒ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช
80
00:06:46,270 --> 00:06:50,810
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู…ุถุงุนูุฉ ุงู„ู€ Genome ู„ุฃู† ููŠ
81
00:06:50,810 --> 00:06:54,770
ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Protein Coat ูˆุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูŠุฏ
82
00:06:54,770 --> 00:07:01,540
ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุฑุงู‡ ููŠู‡ุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุชู†ุชุฌ ูƒุจุณูˆู…ูŠุฑุงุช
83
00:07:01,540 --> 00:07:06,180
ุนุงู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจุนุฏ ุฃู† ุจุฏุฃุช ุงู„ุชู†ุณูŠู‚ุŒ ุชุฏุฎู„
84
00:07:06,180 --> 00:07:10,460
ุงู„ูƒุจุณูˆู…ูŠุฑุงุช ููŠ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุŒ ูˆูŠุฌู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Virions
85
00:07:10,460 --> 00:07:13,240
ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ DNA ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
86
00:07:17,840 --> 00:07:34,960
ู„ุฃู† ูƒุฏุง ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจุฑูˆุณุชุฑุงู†ุฏุชุŒ ู†ุชูˆุฌู‡
87
00:07:34,960 --> 00:07:42,120
ูู‡ู†ุง ูˆู†ุณุฃู„ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ุŒ ุงู„ู€ DNA Viruses ุจุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
88
00:07:42,120 --> 00:07:46,160
ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุณ ูˆุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง Replication ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
89
00:07:46,160 --> 00:07:50,590
ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูˆู„ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช
90
00:07:50,590 --> 00:07:57,230
ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ Host CellุŸ ุงู„ู€ Host CellุŒ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
91
00:07:57,230 --> 00:08:01,550
ู…ุง ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ุด ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ DNA ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ Vox
92
00:08:01,550 --> 00:08:05,670
Virus ู…ุถุทุฑ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุฌูŠุจ ู…ุนุงู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุชุจุนู‡ุŒ
93
00:08:05,670 --> 00:08:09,850
ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ูŠุฌุจ ุฃู† ุชุจู‚ู‰ุŒ ู„ุง DNA in the
94
00:08:09,850 --> 00:08:12,990
nucleus and viral capsimere proteins are made in
95
00:08:12,990 --> 00:08:17,580
the cytoplasm from the messenger RNAุŒ ุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู…ูŠุฑุงุช
96
00:08:17,580 --> 00:08:22,220
ุชุฏุฎู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ู€ Virions ุชุฌู…ุน ููŠ ู†ูˆูƒู„ูŠุง
97
00:08:22,220 --> 00:08:26,680
ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุŒ ุจุนุฏ ุชุฌู…ุนู‡ุŒ ุงู„ู€ Virions ุชุชุฌู…ุน ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุชูˆุจู„ุงุฒู…
98
00:08:26,680 --> 00:08:33,120
ูˆุชุณุชุนุฏ ู„ุฅุฎุฑุงุฌู‡ ู…ู† ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุŒ ุจุนุถ
99
00:08:33,120 --> 00:08:37,800
ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณูŠู† ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุฑู†ุฉ ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู…
100
00:08:37,800 --> 00:08:43,120
ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู…
101
00:08:43,120 --> 00:08:43,920
ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู…
102
00:08:43,920 --> 00:08:47,370
ุฑู‚ู… ุฑู‚ู…ุŒ This messenger RNA is read by host
103
00:08:47,370 --> 00:08:51,170
ribosomes to make viral proteinsุŒ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
104
00:08:51,170 --> 00:08:56,990
ุจูŠุชุญูƒู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ mRNA ุฃูˆ ุนููˆุงู‹ุŒ ุงู„ู€ Positive
105
00:08:56,990 --> 00:09:03,330
Sense RNA Virus Genome can act as ุฃูˆ directly can
106
00:09:03,330 --> 00:09:08,950
act as a messenger RNA and can be translated
107
00:09:08,950 --> 00:09:09,990
directly
108
00:09:13,250 --> 00:09:20,960
ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุชุฑุงู†ุณู„ูŠุช Directly ู‡ู„ ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู†
109
00:09:20,960 --> 00:09:25,260
ุฃู† ุงู„ุฑูŠุจูˆุฒูˆู…ุงุช ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Host Cell ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰
110
00:09:25,260 --> 00:09:30,720
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุณุฎุฉ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุชู‚ูˆู… ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ุงุฒู… ..
111
00:09:30,720 --> 00:09:35,820
ู„ุงุฒู… .. ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุฌูˆู† ู†ูƒูˆู† .. ู†ูƒูˆู† Template ูˆุงู„ู€
112
00:09:35,820 --> 00:09:40,500
Template ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู…ู„ ู†ุณุฎ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Genome ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ mRNA
113
00:09:40,500 --> 00:09:43,720
ุตุญุŸ ูˆูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑูŠุจูˆุฒูˆู…ุงุช
114
00:09:54,320 --> 00:09:57,560
ููŠ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุง .. ู…ุง .. ู…ุง .. ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุงุด ููŠู‡
115
00:09:57,560 --> 00:10:04,840
ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ RNA ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† Positive ูˆ
116
00:10:04,840 --> 00:10:08,300
Negative StrandุŒ ุจุณู…ู‡ AmbisenseุŒ Ambisense ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูƒูˆู†
117
00:10:08,300 --> 00:10:12,280
ู…ู† Positive Strand ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Negative Strand
118
00:10:35,830 --> 00:10:39,590
ูˆู‡ูŠ ุขุฎุฑ ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Viral Replication
119
00:10:39,590 --> 00:10:46,560
ุฃุนุชู‚ุฏ ุชูˆู‚ูู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉุŒ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹
120
00:10:46,560 --> 00:10:49,500
ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃููƒุงุฑ ูˆุจุชู„ุฎุต ู„ู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
121
00:10:49,500 --> 00:10:54,500
ุงุญู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ RNA ุณุงุจู‚ุงู‹ุŒ ูˆุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู† ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุงู„ู€
122
00:10:54,500 --> 00:11:01,200
Viral mRNA ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠู…ุชู„ูƒ ุซู„ุงุซ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€
123
00:11:01,200 --> 00:11:03,020
Cellular mRNA
124
00:11:05,130 --> 00:11:09,230
ุตูุงุช ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Viral mRNA ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Cellular
125
00:11:09,230 --> 00:11:13,370
mRNAุŒ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูุงุชุŸ ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ 5'
126
00:11:13,370 --> 00:11:20,130
ููŠ 3' end ู„ู„ู€ mRNAุŒ ููŠู†ุง methylated GDP capุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
127
00:11:20,130 --> 00:11:25,130
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ mRNA ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ human ูˆุงู„ู€
128
00:11:25,130 --> 00:11:31,460
host cell ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ prime ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง tail ุฃูˆ
129
00:11:31,460 --> 00:11:36,420
ุฐูŠู„ ู…ูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ู…ุงุฆุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุชูŠู† polyadenine ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
130
00:11:36,420 --> 00:11:40,660
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cells ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ cellular ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ
131
00:11:40,660 --> 00:11:47,010
ุฑู‚ู… ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฅู†ู†ุง ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู†ุง splicing ู„ู„ู€
132
00:11:47,010 --> 00:11:52,330
mRNA ู…ู† larger transcription ุฃูˆ transcribed ูŠุนู†ูŠ
133
00:11:52,330 --> 00:11:59,070
ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุนู†ุฏูŠ mRNA ุทูˆูŠู„ ูˆู‚ุตุฏุชู‡ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
134
00:11:59,070 --> 00:12:03,310
ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฃูŠุถุง ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ู…ู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cellular mRNA ุฅุฐุง ุชู„ุช
135
00:12:03,310 --> 00:12:08,230
ุตูุงุช ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ cellular mRNA
136
00:12:08,230 --> 00:12:12,950
ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุŸ ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ methylated GDP
137
00:12:12,950 --> 00:12:16,690
cap ุฑู‚ู… ุงุซู†ูŠู† tail of one hundred to two hundred
138
00:12:16,690 --> 00:12:20,530
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… adenosine residual ุฃูˆ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… poly-A
139
00:12:20,530 --> 00:12:25,710
ุฑู‚ู… ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ุนู…ู„ ู‚ุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
140
00:12:25,710 --> 00:12:32,130
small pieces ู…ู† larger pieces mRNA ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู…
141
00:12:32,130 --> 00:12:37,230
ูƒุงู† ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ุฃูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุดุจู‡ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ cellular mRNA
142
00:12:37,230 --> 00:12:42,450
ูˆุงู„ู€ viral mRNA ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ mRNA ุชู… ุงูƒุชุดุงู
143
00:12:42,450 --> 00:12:44,770
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูุงุช ููŠ ุชุจุน ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุงูƒุชุดุงูู‡ุง ููŠ
144
00:12:44,770 --> 00:12:49,950
ู…ู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cellular mRNAุŒ ุฅุฐู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุชุดุงุจู‡ ุจูŠู†
145
00:12:49,950 --> 00:12:50,430
ุงุซู†ูŠู†
146
00:12:54,290 --> 00:12:57,870
ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช .. ุจุนุถ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช
147
00:12:57,870 --> 00:13:03,330
ุจุชุณุชุบู„ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู€ full capacity ู„ู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
148
00:13:03,330 --> 00:13:08,490
ุฅู† ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ reading
149
00:13:08,490 --> 00:13:12,970
frame ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง sequence ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุงุนุฏ ู‚ูุฒุช
150
00:13:12,970 --> 00:13:17,210
ุนู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ sequence ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู‡ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
151
00:13:17,210 --> 00:13:24,430
ุณูŠุงุณุฉ ุชุฎุฏู… ุบุฑุถูŠู† ู‡ูŠู…ุฑ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฅู† ูƒูŠู ุจู†ู†ุชุฌ
152
00:13:24,430 --> 00:13:29,830
one single mRNA that contains only one protein
153
00:13:29,830 --> 00:13:35,410
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒูˆุจ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ
154
00:13:35,410 --> 00:13:40,730
changing of reading frame ุจุฏุง ู…ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ zero
155
00:13:40,730 --> 00:13:46,570
ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ with some DNA
156
00:13:46,570 --> 00:13:49,510
viruses there is a temporal control ู‡ุงูŠ ุตูุฉ ูƒู…ุงู†
157
00:13:49,510 --> 00:13:54,770
ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูƒู„ู…ุฉ temporal control ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ ุฒู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
158
00:13:54,770 --> 00:14:02,770
ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุงูุชุฑุถู†ุง ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ early
159
00:14:02,770 --> 00:14:07,550
transcription and translation ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูู‚ุท
160
00:14:07,550 --> 00:14:13,220
transcription ู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ูุฃูˆู„ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†
161
00:14:13,220 --> 00:14:17,360
ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุทู„ุนุช ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ู‡ ุชุนู…ู„
162
00:14:17,360 --> 00:14:22,540
Inhibition ู„ู„ู€ Transcription ู„ู„ู€ Late Genome ุฃูˆ
163
00:14:22,540 --> 00:14:27,260
ู„ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทู„ุนุช Repressor Protein
164
00:14:27,260 --> 00:14:31,940
.. ุงู„ู€ Repressor Protein ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู€ Transcription ูˆุงู„ู€
165
00:14:31,940 --> 00:14:35,820
Translation ู„ู„ู€ Late Protein ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ protein ุงุณู…ู‡
166
00:14:35,820 --> 00:14:38,700
Repressor ุจูŠุชุฏู…ุฑ ุจุนุฏ ุณุงุนุชูŠู†
167
00:14:41,260 --> 00:14:48,600
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู†ุง ุณูŠุทุฑุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุณูŠุทุฑุฉ ุฒู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุฒูŠ
168
00:14:48,600 --> 00:14:52,100
ู…ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู…ูŠู‚ุงุชูŠ ู„ุจุฏูŠ ุจุนุช email ุจุณ ู…ุง ู†ุชู‘ุด
169
00:14:52,100 --> 00:14:54,960
ูŠุจุนุชูˆุง ุงู„ู€ email ู„ุฃู† ุจุฏูŠ ุจุนุช ุงู„ู€ email ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ
170
00:14:54,960 --> 00:14:59,720
ุณุงุนุชูŠู† ุทุจ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุจุญุท ุดุฑุท ุฅู†ู‡ ุช send after two hours
171
00:14:59,720 --> 00:15:04,260
ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุจู„ุฉ ุจุญุทู‡ุง ุชูˆู‚ูŠุช ุฅู†ู‡ ุชู†ูุฌุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุนุฏ ู†ุต
172
00:15:04,260 --> 00:15:08,920
ุณุงุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุณุงุนุฉ ูุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ protein ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุชูˆู‚ูŠุช
173
00:15:08,920 --> 00:15:16,070
ู„ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŸ ุจุฏุฃ .. ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู€
174
00:15:16,070 --> 00:15:18,090
transcription ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ู…ุงู†ุน ุงู„ู€
175
00:15:18,090 --> 00:15:21,070
transcription ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุฎู„ุตุช ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠุฉ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡
176
00:15:21,070 --> 00:15:25,030
ุฃู†ู‡ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ุฌุฏุง ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช
177
00:15:25,030 --> 00:15:28,690
ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ temporal control
178
00:15:28,690 --> 00:15:29,870
ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช
179
00:15:38,120 --> 00:15:44,780
ุงู„ู€ Monocistronic RNA ุชุนุฑูŠูู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ RNA ุงู„ุชูŠ
180
00:15:44,780 --> 00:15:49,680
ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€
181
00:15:49,680 --> 00:15:50,520
Polycistronic
182
00:15:52,880 --> 00:15:59,600
ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููƒูŠู ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุชู†ุชุฌ
183
00:15:59,600 --> 00:16:04,140
ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช one single mRNA ุฃูˆ one single protein
184
00:16:04,140 --> 00:16:08,620
from mRNA ุทุจุนุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุชูุตูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ
185
00:16:08,620 --> 00:16:11,440
ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู€ poly virus
186
00:16:11,440 --> 00:16:17,640
ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ู†ุชุฌ transcription ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ mRNA ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
187
00:16:17,640 --> 00:16:23,900
translation ูˆุงุญุฏ ูุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ poly ุจุชุงุนุช ุฃูˆ ุณู…ู†ู‡ุง
188
00:16:23,900 --> 00:16:27,300
precursor poly-beptide ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ poly-beptide
189
00:16:27,300 --> 00:16:31,700
ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุซู„ู†ุงู‡ ุจู‚ุทุน ุฎุดุจ ุชู…ุงู… ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุคู‡ู„ุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง
190
00:16:31,700 --> 00:16:36,240
ุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุฏุฑุงุฌ ูˆู„ุง ุบูŠุฑู‡ ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง
191
00:16:36,240 --> 00:16:39,980
ุฃู†ุชุฌู†ุงู‡ุง ุงุณุชุทุนู†ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ู‚ุทุนู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰
192
00:16:39,980 --> 00:16:45,290
ู‚ุทุน ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุฑูŠูˆ ููŠุฑูˆุณ
193
00:16:45,290 --> 00:16:47,490
ูˆุงู„ุฅู†ูู„ูˆุงู†ุฒุง ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ
194
00:16:47,490 --> 00:16:51,170
ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฑูŠูˆ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูˆุงู„ุฅู†ูู„ูˆุงู†ุฒุง ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุฃุตู„ุง ุงู„ู€ genome
195
00:16:51,170 --> 00:16:55,870
ุชุจุนู‡ู… ู…ู‚ุทุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู… ู‚ุทุนุฉ ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุดุฑ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ููƒู„ ู‚ุทุนุฉ
196
00:16:55,870 --> 00:17:00,490
ุฃุตู„ุง can encode for single polypeptide ุฃูˆ single
197
00:17:00,490 --> 00:17:05,120
protein ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ starting
198
00:17:05,120 --> 00:17:09,860
at different reading frames ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู‚ุฑุงุกุชู‡ุง ู…ู†
199
00:17:09,860 --> 00:17:14,260
ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู…ุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู…ุงุช
200
00:17:14,260 --> 00:17:20,660
by which viruses can produce mono-cystronic mRNA
201
00:17:20,660 --> 00:17:27,100
ู…ู† polycystronic ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ู‚ุดู‡ ููŠ
202
00:17:27,100 --> 00:17:31,460
ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ replication ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุงู„ู€
203
00:17:31,460 --> 00:17:34,840
isogenic ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูู‡ูˆู… ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุฑ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€
204
00:17:34,840 --> 00:17:37,420
essential medical microbiology ูˆู…ุฑ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€
205
00:17:37,420 --> 00:17:41,960
diagnostic ู„ูƒู† ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ virology
206
00:17:41,960 --> 00:17:49,630
ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุณู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ู†ู‚ุดู‡ ุจุนู…ู‚ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ุญู† ู†ุนู„ู… ุฃู†
207
00:17:49,630 --> 00:17:54,870
ุงู„ู€ cycle ุงู„ุชูŠ ุดุฑุญู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆุฃุธู‡ุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ
208
00:17:54,870 --> 00:17:58,790
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ presentations ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุฅู„ู‰
209
00:17:58,790 --> 00:18:04,770
ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ูŠู†ุชุฌ ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ูˆูŠุฎุฑุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌ
210
00:18:04,770 --> 00:18:08,970
ุจูƒู„ ุณู„ุงุณุฉ ูˆุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ูˆูŠุฏุฎู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆูŠุทู„ุน ู…ุฆุงุช
211
00:18:08,970 --> 00:18:14,760
ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง Lytic Cycle ูˆุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช
212
00:18:14,760 --> 00:18:19,740
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง Lytic Viruses Lytic ู…ู† ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
213
00:18:19,740 --> 00:18:27,420
ุงู„ุชุญู„ู„ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Lysogenic ู…ุด Lytic ุจุชุฎุชู„ู
214
00:18:27,420 --> 00:18:33,060
ุชู…ุงู…ุง ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ูˆุจุชุชุดุงุจู‡ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
215
00:18:33,060 --> 00:18:38,370
ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุน ู…ู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Lytic Viruses ุฅูŠุด ุจุฑุฌ
216
00:18:38,370 --> 00:18:43,390
ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุŸ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ lysogenic ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุฏุฎู„
217
00:18:43,390 --> 00:18:50,870
ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู„ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุถุฑุฑ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ูŠุทู„ุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
218
00:18:50,870 --> 00:18:56,270
chromosome ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุฃู† ูŠุฏู…ุฌ ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
219
00:18:56,270 --> 00:19:00,950
ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุชุญุงุฏ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูˆู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
220
00:19:00,950 --> 00:19:04,990
genome ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ host cell ูˆุฃู† ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ุฃู†
221
00:19:04,990 --> 00:19:08,930
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ูู‡ูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ life journey ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
222
00:19:08,930 --> 00:19:15,390
viruses ู…ุน ู…ู†ุŸ ู…ุน ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
223
00:19:17,860 --> 00:19:23,920
ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ Viral Genome ุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุงุŸ ูˆุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ
224
00:19:23,920 --> 00:19:28,960
ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŸ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ
225
00:19:28,960 --> 00:19:32,910
ุชุจุน ู…ู†ุŸ ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุจุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
226
00:19:32,910 --> 00:19:37,810
ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ูˆูŠู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู†
227
00:19:37,810 --> 00:19:43,170
ุถู…ู†ู‡ ู…ู†ุŸ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู„ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
228
00:19:43,170 --> 00:19:45,970
ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑุŒ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุน ูƒู„ ู†ุณุฎุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจูŠุทู„ุน
229
00:19:45,970 --> 00:19:50,290
ู†ุณุฎุฉ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฑุชุงุญุŒ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡
230
00:19:50,290 --> 00:19:54,950
ู…ุดุงูƒู„ุŒ ู…ุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ุŒ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ุŒ
231
00:19:54,950 --> 00:19:58,230
ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู… ูˆู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุชูƒุงุซุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนุดุฑ ุณุงุนุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู†
232
00:20:02,450 --> 00:20:07,570
ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ู†ุณุฎุฉ ูˆุงุชูุงู‚ูŠุชู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
233
00:20:07,570 --> 00:20:13,290
ุงุชูุงู‚ูŠุฉ ู…ุคู‚ุชุฉ ุงู„ุญู„ูˆุฉ ุจุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ุฃ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ
234
00:20:13,290 --> 00:20:19,250
ุณู„ุณุฉ ูˆุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชุชุบุฐู‰ ูˆุจุชุชูƒุงุซุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุถู„ูˆุง ุถู…ู†
235
00:20:19,250 --> 00:20:24,930
ุงู„ุชุญุงู„ู ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุณุชุดุนุฑ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฎุทุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‚ุฏ
236
00:20:24,930 --> 00:20:29,720
ุชู…ูˆุช ู…ุซู„ุง ุชุนุงุฑุถ ู„ู€ ultra violet light ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุจูŠูุตู„
237
00:20:29,720 --> 00:20:36,020
ู†ูุณู‡ ู…ู† ู…ู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ genome ุชุจุน ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุจูŠุจุฏุฃ
238
00:20:36,020 --> 00:20:42,440
ุดุบู„ ุฃุฎูˆู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡ Lytic virus ูˆุจูŠุญู„ู„ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
239
00:20:42,440 --> 00:20:48,860
ูˆุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุขู† ุถู…ู† ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุทู„ุน
240
00:20:48,860 --> 00:20:52,800
ุฒูŠ ุงุจู† ุนู…ู‡ ู…ุฆุงุช ุงู„ู€ bacteriophages ูู‡ุฐุง
241
00:20:52,800 --> 00:20:57,380
ุงู„ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุฉ ุงุณุชุฑุงุชูŠุฌูŠุฉ ู†ุงุฌุญุฉ ู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช
242
00:20:57,380 --> 00:21:01,690
ุทูŠุจ what's in it for the bacteriaุŸ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ
243
00:21:01,690 --> 00:21:06,850
ุงู„ู…ุดุฑู‚ ู„ู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุทุจ ู…ุง ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ู…ุดุฑู‚ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŸ ู„ูƒู…
244
00:21:06,850 --> 00:21:09,870
ุฃู† ุชุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุจุชุนุฑููˆู‡ุง ูƒู„ ูƒูˆุณู…ู‡ุง
245
00:21:09,870 --> 00:21:14,270
streptococcus biogenes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุจุจ ู„ู†ุง tonsillitis
246
00:21:14,270 --> 00:21:20,450
ู„ูƒู… ุฃู† ุชุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃู† ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุงุฌู‰ ูˆุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
247
00:21:20,450 --> 00:21:23,390
ุดูุชูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ isogenic ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ุฏุฎู„
248
00:21:23,390 --> 00:21:28,290
ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุชุจุนู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู… ุชุจุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุฃุนุทุงู‡ุง
249
00:21:28,290 --> 00:21:32,390
ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ isogenic
251
00:21:32,390 --> 00:21:36,270
ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
252
00:21:36,270 --> 00:21:40,710
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุชุฌุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ุฎู„ุชู‡ุง ุดู‡ูŠุฑุฉ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
253
00:21:40,710 --> 00:21:44,390
ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ proteases ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุฌุงุจ ู„ู‡ุง gene
254
00:21:44,390 --> 00:21:48,810
ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุถุฎู…ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู€
255
00:21:48,810 --> 00:21:54,790
proteases ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุฌุนู„ุช ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุดุฑูŠุฑุฉ
256
00:21:54,790 --> 00:22:00,290
ุฌุฏุง ู„ู„ู‘ุญู…ุŒ ูู„ ุนู…ู„ุช ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ููŠ ุฌุฑูˆุญ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ
257
00:22:00,290 --> 00:22:05,390
ุงู„ูƒุชูุŒ ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุจูŠุจูŠู†ุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
258
00:22:05,390 --> 00:22:08,910
ุตุงุฑุช ุชู†ุชุฌ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠุงุฒุŒ ูุฃุตุจุญ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง
259
00:22:08,910 --> 00:22:12,150
ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุถู… ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ muscle
260
00:22:12,150 --> 00:22:16,270
ุจุชุงุนุชู†ุงุŒ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง flesh eating bacteriaุŒ
261
00:22:16,270 --> 00:22:22,320
ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุขูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‘ุญู…ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ ู‡ูŠ ุจุฑูŠุฆุฉุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฌุฑู…ุŸ
262
00:22:22,320 --> 00:22:25,480
ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุนุทุงู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉุŒ ูุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
263
00:22:25,480 --> 00:22:28,360
ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ูŠุณ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูุฑูŠุฏุฉ ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู€
264
00:22:28,360 --> 00:22:30,800
microbiologyุŒ ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง
265
00:22:32,500 --> 00:22:36,160
ุงู„ู€ Diphtheria ู„ู… ุชูƒู† ุณุงู…ุฉ ุฅู„ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€
266
00:22:36,160 --> 00:22:40,000
BacteriophageุŒ ุงู„ุจูˆุชู„ูˆู†ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุณู… ุงู„ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุฌู‡
267
00:22:40,000 --> 00:22:43,700
ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ ุงู„ุณู… ุงู„ุจูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠ ุงู„ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ุงู„ู€
268
00:22:43,700 --> 00:22:47,000
BacteriophageุŒ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุฑุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู†ุชุดุฑุฉ ููŠ
269
00:22:47,000 --> 00:22:50,140
ุฅุฎูˆุงู†ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูŠู…ู† ูˆูˆุตู„ุช ู„ุนุฑุงู‚ ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ููŠ ุณูˆุฑูŠุง
270
00:22:50,140 --> 00:22:54,680
ู…ุคูƒุฏ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุณูˆุฑูŠุงุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุจุงุฑ ู„ุง ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ุง ุนู„ู‰
271
00:22:54,680 --> 00:22:59,860
ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู‚ุชู„ู‰ุŒ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุฑุง ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฅูŠุฑูŠุซุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠูƒ ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ูƒู„ู‡ุง
272
00:22:59,860 --> 00:23:07,240
ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู†ุงุช ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠูˆ ูุงุฌุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠุณูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠ
273
00:23:07,240 --> 00:23:11,400
ุฅุฐุงู‹ ููŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ููˆุงุฆุฏ ู„ู…ู†ุŸ ู„ู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุชู…ุชู„ูƒ
274
00:23:11,400 --> 00:23:15,860
ู‚ุฏุฑุงุช ุจุชุฃู‡ู„ู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† more virulent ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
275
00:23:15,860 --> 00:23:21,020
ุชุนู…ู„ disease ู„ู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ุฃุทูˆู„ุด
276
00:23:21,020 --> 00:23:25,320
ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู† ุฃู„ุฎุต ู„ูƒู… ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุชู…ุซูŠู„ูŠุงู‹
277
00:23:25,320 --> 00:23:30,020
ุจุงู„ุฅูŠุฌุงุฒุŒ ุงู„ู€ viruses ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ lysogeny ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹
278
00:23:30,020 --> 00:23:37,540
ุจุชูƒูˆู† DNA viruses ูˆ linear ูุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ
279
00:23:37,540 --> 00:23:44,080
ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒู€ linear DNA ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ integration
280
00:23:44,080 --> 00:23:49,880
ู…ุด ุฅู† integration ุฏู…ุฌุŒ ุฏู…ุฌ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุนู„ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
281
00:23:49,880 --> 00:23:54,700
ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ circularization ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ linear
282
00:23:54,700 --> 00:24:00,670
ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ูˆ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉุŒ ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ูŠู†ูŠุงุฑ ุฏูˆุจู„ ุณุชุฑุงู†ุฏ ูŠุตูŠุฑ
283
00:24:00,670 --> 00:24:05,790
ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุชุฎูŠู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ุทุฑููŠู† ุชุจุนูˆู†ู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง
284
00:24:05,790 --> 00:24:10,530
ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ูุงู„ุชูŠู† ุฃูƒู…ู† base pair ู…ุด double
285
00:24:10,530 --> 00:24:14,830
strandุŒ single strandุŸ ูู„ู…ุง ุจู„ูู†ุงู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐู‡
286
00:24:14,830 --> 00:24:18,610
ุจุชูƒู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ุจู€ let's go ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจุณ ุงู„ู€ .. ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ุตู‚ ู‡ุฐุง
287
00:24:18,610 --> 00:24:23,410
ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุชุŸ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ligating enzymeุŒ
288
00:24:23,410 --> 00:24:28,010
ligating enzyme ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ virus ูŠุฌูŠุจู‡ ู…ุนู‡
289
00:24:28,010 --> 00:24:33,310
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุณู‡ู„ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ circleุŒ
290
00:24:33,310 --> 00:24:36,650
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ circle ู‡ุฐูŠุŒ ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู…ุŒ ุชุจุน ู…ูŠู†ุŸ
291
00:24:43,840 --> 00:24:52,060
ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุจุญุซ ุนู† homologous sequence ููŠ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุนู†
292
00:24:52,060 --> 00:24:55,920
ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุญุชุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง breaking
293
00:24:56,890 --> 00:25:00,250
ุงู„ุจุฑูŠูƒูŠู†ุฌุŒ ูŠู‚ุต ู‡ู†ุง ูˆูŠู‚ุต ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
294
00:25:00,250 --> 00:25:06,270
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง rejoining ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ DNA ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูˆุฌุฒุก
295
00:25:06,270 --> 00:25:12,370
ู…ู†ู‡ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ integration ูˆุจุนุถ
296
00:25:12,370 --> 00:25:16,650
ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุงู„ู€ animal viruses ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ tumor viruses ูˆ
297
00:25:16,650 --> 00:25:21,510
ุงู„ู€ herpes viruses ุจุชุนู…ู„ integration ููŠ ุงู„ู€ human
298
00:25:21,510 --> 00:25:27,310
genomeุŒ ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู„ูŠุณ ูู‚ุท ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠูˆ ูุงุฌุฒ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€
299
00:25:27,310 --> 00:25:30,850
human viruses ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ tumor viruses ูˆ ุงู„ู€ herpes
300
00:25:30,850 --> 00:25:37,530
virus ุทุจุนุงู‹ ูˆู‡ู†ุฏุฑุณ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ HIV ู„ุงุญู‚ุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
301
00:25:37,530 --> 00:25:42,890
life cycle ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุนู…ู„ integration ู„ู„ู€ genome ุชุจุนู‡ ููŠ
302
00:25:42,890 --> 00:25:49,230
our host DNAุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ .. ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ HIV ู…ู†
303
00:25:49,230 --> 00:25:53,750
ุงู„ู…ุฑุดุญุงุช .. ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุดุญุงุช ู„ู€ gene therapy ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ู€
304
00:25:53,750 --> 00:25:59,270
gene therapyุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ integration ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
305
00:25:59,270 --> 00:26:02,910
ุฃู†ุง ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูŠู„ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุณูŠุฆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„
306
00:26:02,910 --> 00:26:06,670
ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถ ูˆ ู†ุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ integration ูˆ
307
00:26:06,670 --> 00:26:10,750
ู†ุถูŠู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุตู„ุญู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฎุต
308
00:26:10,750 --> 00:26:14,910
ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจ ุจู…ุฑุถ ูˆ ู†ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ูู†ุถู…ู† ุฃู†
309
00:26:14,910 --> 00:26:24,210
ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู‡ูŠุฏุฎู„ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช
310
00:26:24,210 --> 00:26:28,150
ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู†ู‚ู„ู‡ุง ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู…ุฑุฉ
311
00:26:28,150 --> 00:26:29,830
ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุงุŸ
312
00:26:34,790 --> 00:26:39,170
Integration ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ breakage and rejoining ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
313
00:26:39,170 --> 00:26:43,990
ุงู„ู‚ุต ูˆ ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู„ุชุตุงู‚ุŒ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
314
00:26:43,990 --> 00:26:47,790
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุด ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ prophage
315
00:26:47,790 --> 00:26:53,030
ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ุจุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง lysogenized cell
316
00:26:53,030 --> 00:26:56,530
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุฑุง ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
317
00:26:56,530 --> 00:27:00,010
ุนู† ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู€ lysogenized cellุŒ ุงู„ู€ clostridium
318
00:27:00,010 --> 00:27:03,730
botulinum ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ุงู„ู€ botulinum toxin ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ
319
00:27:03,730 --> 00:27:10,270
lysogenized cell ูˆุฏุงุฎู„ู‡ุง prophageุŒ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆูุงุฌ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡
320
00:27:10,270 --> 00:27:15,490
not permanently integrated ู„ูˆ ุดุนุฑูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰
321
00:27:15,490 --> 00:27:18,850
ููƒุฑุฉ ู‡ุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุฎุฑุฌ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ู€
322
00:27:18,850 --> 00:27:22,010
ultraviolet lightุŒ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุฃู† ู‡ุชุชุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ู€
323
00:27:22,010 --> 00:27:26,690
ultraviolet light ุจูŠุฑุฌุน ูˆ ุจูŠูุตู„ ู†ูุณู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ู€
324
00:27:26,690 --> 00:27:29,550
cycle ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ lytic phaseุŒ ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู…ุงููŠู‡ ุบูŠุฑ
325
00:27:29,550 --> 00:27:36,750
lytic ูˆ lysogenic cycleุŒ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง
326
00:27:36,750 --> 00:27:43,030
ุจุชูˆุถุญ ู„ู†ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ูŠู† ู„ุฃูŠ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุงุŒ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู‡ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„
327
00:27:43,030 --> 00:27:49,800
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ุฅู…ุง ุจุงู„ุชุณุฎูŠู† ุจุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุนูู†
328
00:27:49,800 --> 00:27:54,860
ุจุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…ุŒ ุงู„ู€ host cell ูˆุนู…ู„ ุฅุฏุฑุงุฌ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
329
00:27:54,860 --> 00:27:59,880
ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุชูู‡ู…ูˆุง ุฏูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ Lytic
330
00:27:59,880 --> 00:28:07,200
cycleุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู‘ู† ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู€ host cell ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ู…ู† ู†ุณู„ู‡
331
00:28:07,200 --> 00:28:11,240
ุจุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ูŠ ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูˆูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู„ุงูŠุณุฒ ูˆูŠุทู„ุน ุนุดุงู† ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
332
00:28:11,240 --> 00:28:16,700
cycle ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡ุงุŒ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ุฎูŠุงุฑ
333
00:28:16,700 --> 00:28:21,840
ุฎุฐูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู…ุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู„ุงูŠุชูƒ
334
00:28:21,840 --> 00:28:25,860
ููŠุฑูˆุณ ูˆููŠ ู„ุงูŠุณูˆุฌูŠู†ูƒ ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุงูŠุณูˆุฌูŠู†ูƒ ููŠุฑูˆุณ
335
00:28:25,860 --> 00:28:30,600
ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุงู„ุฎุท ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุฌ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€
336
00:28:30,600 --> 00:28:35,420
prophageุŸ ุงู„ู€ prophage ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ genome ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ virus
337
00:28:35,420 --> 00:28:40,260
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ integration ููŠ ุงู„ู€ host cellุŒ ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡
338
00:28:40,260 --> 00:28:45,180
UV ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฎุฐูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู…ุจุณูˆุท ูˆูƒู„
339
00:28:45,180 --> 00:28:49,940
ู…ุง ุงู†ู‚ุณู…ุช ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‚ุณู… ู…ุนู‡ุŒ ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุถุฑุฑ ุนู„ู‰
340
00:28:49,940 --> 00:28:55,150
ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ UV ู…ุซุงู„ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนุฏูŠุฏุฉ
341
00:28:55,150 --> 00:28:59,910
ู…ุซู„ ู†ู‚ุต ู†ูˆุชุฑูŠู†ุชุŒ ู…ุงููŠู‡ ู†ูˆุชุฑูŠู†ุชุŒ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ
342
00:28:59,910 --> 00:29:04,710
ุญุฑุงุฑุฉุŒ toxic materialุŒ antibioticุŒ ุดุนุฑ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุจุฃู†
343
00:29:04,710 --> 00:29:10,550
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู…ู‡ุฏุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ุฎุทุฑ ุฃูˆ ุฅู† ุญูŠุงุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุฎุทุฑ ูู‡ูˆ
344
00:29:10,550 --> 00:29:14,530
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ุนู… ู‡ูŠ ุชู…ูˆุช ุฃู†ุง ู…ุงู„ูŠ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฃู†ุง ุจูุตู„ ู†ูุณูŠ ูˆ
345
00:29:14,530 --> 00:29:19,640
ุจุชูƒุงุซุฑ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุนู„ุดุงู† ู†ุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุŒ ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุช
346
00:29:19,640 --> 00:29:23,440
ุฃู†ุฌุญ ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุจุงู„ูƒู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆู„ุง
347
00:29:23,440 --> 00:29:28,960
ุงู„ุฏูŠู†ุงุตูˆุฑุงุชุŸ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑุงู‹ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ
348
00:29:28,960 --> 00:29:35,420
ูˆู„ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงุฑุจุฉ ู„ุทูŠูุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุตุบุฑู‡ุง
349
00:29:35,420 --> 00:29:41,560
ู„ูˆ ุฌู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูŠูˆุงุฒูŠ
350
00:29:41,560 --> 00:29:44,520
ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุจุดุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ูƒูˆูƒุจ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุฑุฃูŠูƒู…ุŸ
351
00:29:45,150 --> 00:29:49,270
ูุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ุงุช ู†ุงุฌุญุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูƒุงุซุฑ
352
00:29:49,270 --> 00:29:51,910
ุจุดูƒู„ ูุนุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ host cell
353
00:29:55,260 --> 00:29:59,340
ุทูŠุจ ูƒุชูุตูŠู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฐูƒุฑู†ุงู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง
354
00:29:59,340 --> 00:30:03,600
ุฐูƒุฑู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ูุงุฌ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ injection ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
355
00:30:03,600 --> 00:30:08,260
ุงู„ูˆุฑุงุซูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆู‡ูŠ linear ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ ุฎุทูŠุฉ ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ุง
356
00:30:08,260 --> 00:30:12,620
ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุขู†ุŸ circularization ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ breakage
357
00:30:12,620 --> 00:30:16,180
and rejoining ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ integration ุงู„ู„ูŠ
358
00:30:16,180 --> 00:30:20,540
ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู€ prophage ูˆู‚ุฏ ูŠุญุตู„ ู„ู‡ุง ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ
359
00:30:20,540 --> 00:30:26,720
ุฌูˆุง ุงู†ูุตุงู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุทุจ ู†ุณุชุบู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู…ู†ุง ู…ู†
360
00:30:26,720 --> 00:30:32,080
ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุญุฏ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Transduction ุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ุง ุณุงุจู‚ุงู‹ุŒ ุงู„ู€
361
00:30:32,080 --> 00:30:36,180
Transduction ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด TransductionุŸ ูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ู†ู‚ู„ ..
362
00:30:36,180 --> 00:30:39,880
ูˆุณูŠู„ุฉ ู†ู‚ู„ ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู…ูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ุŸ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€
363
00:30:39,880 --> 00:30:44,940
virusุงุชุŒ ูˆุฅุญู†ุง ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ุงู„ู€ lytic
364
00:30:44,940 --> 00:30:47,440
ูˆุงู„ู€ lysogenic ูˆู‡ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒู… ูƒูŠู ุฏู‡ ุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ู… ุฏู‡ ุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ู…
365
00:30:47,440 --> 00:30:50,780
ุจุฃุณู…ุงุก ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ generalized transduction
366
00:30:50,780 --> 00:30:55,560
ูˆ specialized transductionุŒ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ู‚ู„ุช ู‚ุจู„
367
00:30:55,560 --> 00:31:03,040
ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฃู† ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ุจูŠุจุญุซ ุนู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู„ู„ุฏุฎูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰
368
00:31:03,040 --> 00:31:08,900
ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ูˆู…ุŒ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ู†ู‚ุทุฉุŒ ูˆูŠุจุญุซ ุจุฌู‡ุฉ specific pointุŒ ุงู„ุขู†
369
00:31:08,900 --> 00:31:13,380
ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุทุงู„ู…ุง ุจุฏูŠ .. ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุณุฎ ู†ูุณู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
370
00:31:13,380 --> 00:31:17,060
.. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุฑุงู‡ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ุจูŠู†ุณุฎ ู†ูุณู‡ ูˆ
371
00:31:17,060 --> 00:31:23,720
ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ุนู‡ ู…ู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ host DNAุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ
372
00:31:23,720 --> 00:31:28,300
host DNA ู‚ุทุนุฉุŒ ุฏู‡ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ู…ู† ุฌู†ุจู‡ุŒ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏุด
373
00:31:28,300 --> 00:31:32,020
ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู† ุจุนูŠุฏุŒ ุทุจุนุงู‹ .. ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฌู†ุจู‡ุŒ ูˆูƒู„
374
00:31:32,020 --> 00:31:35,740
ู…ุฑุฉ ุจูŠุฏุฎู„ ุฃุตู„ุงู‹ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู†ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ
375
00:31:35,740 --> 00:31:40,400
ู†ูุณ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู‚ุทุนุฉุŒ ู‡ู†ูƒุณุจ ู…ู†ู‡ุง specialized
376
00:31:40,400 --> 00:31:45,880
transduction ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู…ู† the same piece of
377
00:31:45,880 --> 00:31:50,900
DNA ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู€ generalized
378
00:31:50,900 --> 00:31:57,440
transduction ูƒุงู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ license ูˆุงู„ู€ license
379
00:31:57,440 --> 00:32:03,720
ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุฏู…ุฑ ุงู„ู€ DNA ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูุญู„ุงุฌูŠ viral genome ูˆ
380
00:32:03,720 --> 00:32:09,280
ุญู„ุงุฌูŠ host genome ุฃูˆ DNA ุฅุฐุง ุชุดุงุจู‡ุช ู‚ุทุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฌู…
381
00:32:09,280 --> 00:32:14,480
ู‚ุฏ ูŠุญุตู„ ุจุนุถ .. ูŠุญุตู„ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€
382
00:32:14,480 --> 00:32:21,710
capsids ู‚ุฏ ุชุนุจู‚ ุจู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจู€ host genome ุฃูˆ DNA ูุงู„ุขู† ุฃูŠ
383
00:32:21,710 --> 00:32:25,710
ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ genome ู‚ุฏ ุชุฏุฎู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ virus ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ุฃูŠ
384
00:32:25,710 --> 00:32:31,030
ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู‚ุทุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง generalized
385
00:32:31,030 --> 00:32:35,790
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡ ูˆู‡ุฐุง specialized transduction ูˆู‡ุฐุง
386
00:32:35,790 --> 00:32:43,430
ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุญุฏ ุฃู‡ู… ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ู†ู‚ู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
387
00:32:43,430 --> 00:32:44,970
ูˆุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰
388
00:32:48,210 --> 00:32:54,010
ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชู„ู…ูŠุญ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
389
00:32:54,010 --> 00:32:57,970
ุญุตูˆู„
390
00:32:57,970 --> 00:33:04,970
ุตูุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจุฏุฎูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ bacteriophage ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุงุŒ
391
00:33:04,970 --> 00:33:07,510
ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ bacteriophage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุณู…ู‰ beta phage
392
00:33:07,970 --> 00:33:12,550
ุจูŠุญุชูˆู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Diphtheria toxin gene ุฏุฎู„ุช
393
00:33:12,550 --> 00:33:17,270
ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… ูˆุฃุตุจุญุช ุถู…ู† ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ุขู†ุŸ ุถู…ู†
394
00:33:17,270 --> 00:33:21,290
ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู„ุฃู† ุจุฏุฃุช ุฃุตุจุญุช ุถู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง
395
00:33:21,290 --> 00:33:25,960
ุฃู…ูˆุฑู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู… ู…ุงููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุชุชูƒุงุซุฑ ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู… ูˆุจุชู†ุชุฌ ู‡ุฐุง
396
00:33:25,960 --> 00:33:31,080
ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู…ู† ุดุฃู†ู‡ ุฅูŠู‚ุงู ุชุตู†ูŠุน ู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู† ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
397
00:33:31,080 --> 00:33:33,940
ุงู„ู€ host ูˆู…ู† ุซู… ุฅุญุฏุงุซ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณู…ู‡
398
00:33:33,940 --> 00:33:38,500
diphtheria ูˆ ุฃุตู„ุง ุงู„ู€ vaccine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
399
00:33:38,500 --> 00:33:43,090
diphtheria ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู…ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ุŸ ู…ูˆุฌู‡ ู„ู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
400
00:33:43,090 --> 00:33:47,210
ุจุชู†ุชุฌู‡ ุงู„ู€ diphtheriaุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูˆูƒุณูŠู† ุฃุตู„ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ู…ู†
401
00:33:47,210 --> 00:33:51,730
ุตู†ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠุง ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ู…ู† ุตู†ุน ุงู„ุจูƒุชูŠุฑูŠูˆูุงุฌ
402
00:33:51,730 --> 00:33:54,950
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ูƒู…ู„
403
00:33:54,950 --> 00:33:56,350
ุจู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ