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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏ
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ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ู†ู„ุชู‚ูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุจุนู†ูˆุงู†
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Tolerance ูˆุงูƒุชุดุงู
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ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุฏุฃุช
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ููŠ 1945 ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง Ray Owen ุจูŠู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุฏุงูŠุฒุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒุชู„
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ุชูˆูŠู†ุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ share the same or common vascular
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system ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุดุงุฑุงู„ุจู„ุงุณู†ุชุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุชุนุงุฑูุฉ
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ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู†
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ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง
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ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ
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ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู†
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ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู†
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ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุงู„ุจุนุถ
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ู…ู†
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ุงู„ู€ Peter Medawar ูˆ ุดุฑูƒุงู‡ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃุธู‡ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† Adult
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mice
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Neonatal Mice ู„ุฃ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุฏูˆุฑ ุญูƒู‰ ุนู„ู‰
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ุงู„ Adult Mice ู…ู† Strain ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ Strain A ูˆู„ุง ุฌุงุจ
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ุจุนู…ู„ Rejection ู„ Skin graft from Strain B ู„ูŠุดุŸ
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ู„ุฃู†ู‡ both they have different expression of MHC
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molecule ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู‡ MHC molecule ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจู‡ู… ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
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ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู…ู†ุง ุจุฅุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุณุทุฑูŠู† A ููŠ
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ุฃูˆู„ 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆู„ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฃุณุทุฑูŠู† BุŒ ูู„ู† ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆุง
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ุจุฅุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ Skin graft ู…ู† ุฃุณุทุฑูŠู† B ุญุชู‰ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูŠูƒุจุฑ
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ even when they grow to adulthood ุจูŠุณู…ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ Neonatal Tolerance Neonatal Tolerance ุงู„
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basis of Neonatal Tolerance ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„
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Recipient ู…ุงุนูŠุด or mouse would become Chimeric ุดูˆ
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ูŠุนู†ูŠ Chimeric ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ two pool of two
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population of cell cells ุงู„ cells ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูˆุงู„ cell
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆุนุทูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ูŠู‡ุง during ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ new
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natal life ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ cells from genetically
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different individual ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุฌุณู…ู‡ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† T-cell Antigen Presenting Cell
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Antigen Presenting Cell Antigen Presenting Cell
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Antigen Presenting Cell Antigen Presenting Cell
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Antigen Presenting Cell Antigen Presenting Cell
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Antigen Presenting Cell Antigen Presenting Cell
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Antigen Presenting Cell Antigen Presenting Cell
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Antigen Presenting Cell Antigen Presenting Cell
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Antigen Presenting Cell Antigen Presenting Cell
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Antigen Presenting Cell Antigen
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Presenting
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ุจุณุจุจ ุชุทุจูŠู‚ T-cell ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญูŠูˆุงู†ุงุช ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ู‚ุงุทู‹ุง
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ู†ู‚ุงุทู‹ุง ู†ู‚ุงุทู‹ุง ู†ู‚ุงุทู‹ุง ู†ู‚ุงุทู‹ุง ู†ู‚ุงุทู‹ุง ู†ู‚ุงุทู‹ุง ู†ู‚ุงุทู‹ุง
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ู†ู‚ุงุท
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ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท
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ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท
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ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท
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ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท ู†ู‚ุงุท
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ู†ู‚ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ููŠ
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ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ Positive Selection ููŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ููŠ Negative
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Selection ูˆ Negative Selection ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุฃุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑุถ
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ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ Antigen Self-Antigen ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุฃูˆ
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do not ูŠุนู†ูŠ bind with it Central
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Tolerance ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Tolerance ู‡ูˆ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ Antigen ุจุดูƒู„
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ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุนูŠู†
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ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„
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ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„
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ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุนูŠู†
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ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„
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ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„
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ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ุน
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ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุชู†ุดูŠุท ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
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ุฃูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจุชู†ุดูŠุท ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
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ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตุจุญ ุบูŠุฑ ู†ุดุท ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตุจุญ ุบูŠุฑ ุบูŠุฑ ู†ุดุท
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only cells with Antigen Specific Receptor ุชุจุนูŠ ุฌุฏุงู‹
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ุฃุญู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุชูˆู„ูŠุฑุงู†ุณ ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
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ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ Specific for Self-Antigen ุฃูˆ
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ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุญู†ุง ุฏุฎู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
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Tolerized ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Specific Tolerance Induced During
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the early stage of Lymphocyte Development ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
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Central Tolerance ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ Tolerance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ in
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Mature Lymphocyte ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Peripheral Tolerance ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Central Tolerance ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ
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ุงู„ู€ Primary Lymphoid Organs ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
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Peripheral Tolerance ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู€ In Vitro ุงู„ู€
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Secondary Over Blood ูƒูŠู
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ูŠุญุฏุซ ุงู„ุชูˆู„ุฑุงู†ุณุŸ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ู†ู…ุฑุง ูˆุงุญุฏ
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Anergy ู†ู…ุฑุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† Receptor Editing ู†ู…ุฑุง ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
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Deletion ู†ู…ุฑุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ Clonal Ignorance
82
00:06:42,770 --> 00:06:47,670
ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆู†ุดูˆู ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐุง
83
00:06:47,670 --> 00:06:54,950
ุงู„ figure ุจุชูˆุถุญ ุฐู„ูƒ ูŠูˆู…ู‡ุง ุจูŠู„ู…ููˆุณุงูŠุช
84
00:06:54,950 --> 00:07:03,850
ุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง BCR ู…ุงุดูŠ ุชู‚ุฏู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ Antigen ู…ู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
85
00:07:03,850 --> 00:07:08,250
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Self-Bound Antigen ู…ุงุดูŠ
86
00:07:09,820 --> 00:07:14,440
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฏู†ุชุฑูŠุชูƒ ุณูŠู„ ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ุณูŠู„ ู…ุงุณูƒุฉ Self-Antigen
87
00:07:14,440 --> 00:07:19,120
ุชู‚ุฏู…ู‡ุง ุตุงุฏูุฉ ู„ู„ุจูŠ ู„ูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ุงุฑ ุฃูˆ
88
00:07:19,120 --> 00:07:24,260
ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ Self-Antigen as a soluble Antigen ุงุฑุชู‚ู‰
89
00:07:24,260 --> 00:07:29,320
ุจุงู„ุจูŠ ู„ูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆู„ุฌุฃ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ุงุฑ
90
00:07:29,320 --> 00:07:33,960
which is Specific to that Antigen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
91
00:07:33,960 --> 00:07:38,800
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Auto Antigen ุดูˆ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
92
00:07:38,800 --> 00:07:43,040
ุจูŠุญุตู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡
93
00:07:43,040 --> 00:07:49,400
ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ Anergy ูŠุนู†ูŠ Inactivation ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„
94
00:07:49,400 --> 00:07:54,700
ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุญุตู„ Deletion by Apoptosis ู„ูƒู† ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง
95
00:07:54,700 --> 00:07:58,180
ูŠุญุตู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุซุงู„ุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
96
00:07:58,180 --> 00:08:01,240
ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ Receptor Editing ุงู„ุขู† ุฃุญุฏ ูŠุนุฑูุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
97
00:08:01,240 --> 00:08:07,280
Receptor Editing ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ุจุชุนูŠุฏ ุทุจุงุนุฉ ุงู„
98
00:08:07,280 --> 00:08:15,200
BCR ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญู‡ุง ุงู„
99
00:08:15,200 --> 00:08:23,780
Anergy ูƒู„ู†ุง ุงู„ Anergy ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Functional
100
00:08:23,780 --> 00:08:28,740
Inactivation of Cells ุจุชุจุทู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุจุชุจุทู„
101
00:08:28,740 --> 00:08:32,960
ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ Has Function ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ Non
102
00:08:32,960 --> 00:08:37,520
Responsiveness Upon Contact with Self Antigen
103
00:08:37,520 --> 00:08:42,160
ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุง ุชุณุชุฌูŠุจ ูˆู„ุง ุชุญุฏุซ Immune
104
00:08:42,160 --> 00:08:45,560
Response ุทุจุนู‹ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ B Lymphocyte Cannot
105
00:08:45,560 --> 00:08:49,120
Differentiate into Antibody Secreting Cell ูˆุงู„ู€ T
106
00:08:49,120 --> 00:08:51,620
Lymphocyte Do Not Proliferate and Unable to
107
00:08:51,620 --> 00:08:55,000
Produce Cytokine ุฎู„ุงุต ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ Unresponsiveness
108
00:08:55,000 --> 00:08:59,960
ุงู„ B Cell Specific ู„ู„ T Dependent Antigen ุจูŠุฏู‡ุง
109
00:08:59,960 --> 00:09:04,100
Two Signal ุนุดุงู† ุชุชู†ุดุท ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจูŠูˆูุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ Antigen
110
00:09:04,100 --> 00:09:11,440
ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุฃุฎุฐู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ T Cell ููŠ ุบูŠุงุจ ุงู„ Second
111
00:09:11,440 --> 00:09:16,720
Signal ุงู„ B Lymphocyte Would Not Response ูŠุนู†ูŠ
112
00:09:16,720 --> 00:09:18,080
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ Unresponsive
113
00:09:20,450 --> 00:09:26,990
ุงู„ุณูŠุฌู†ุงู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูŠุชู… ุฅุนุทุงุคู‡ ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงู„ู€ CD4T Ligand
114
00:09:26,990 --> 00:09:30,830
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ T-Lymphocyte ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุทู‡ ุจุงู„ู€
115
00:09:30,830 --> 00:09:38,630
CD4T ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ T-Lymphocyte T-cell ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
116
00:09:38,630 --> 00:09:42,050
ูŠุชุทู„ุจูˆู† ุงุชุตุงู„ูŠู† ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† ู„ูƒูŠ ูŠุชู… ุฅุนุทุงุคู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
117
00:09:42,050 --> 00:09:46,350
ุจูˆูุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ MHC-Peptide Complex ูˆุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
118
00:09:47,840 --> 00:09:51,480
ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน Costimulatory Molecule ุจุณุจุจ
119
00:09:51,480 --> 00:09:56,480
ุงู„ู€ B7 ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ุงู„ุฐุงุชูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€ CD28
120
00:09:56,480 --> 00:10:04,240
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ T ุงู„ู…ูŠููˆุณุงูŠุชุณ ุงู„ู€ Delivery of
121
00:10:04,240 --> 00:10:07,760
the First Signal ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ Transcriptional
122
00:10:07,760 --> 00:10:14,540
Factor ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
123
00:10:14,540 --> 00:10:19,300
ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ู…ู† ุงู„ Promoter Region of IL2 ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ
124
00:10:19,300 --> 00:10:24,040
ุฅู„ู‰ Transcription of IL2 ุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ First
125
00:10:24,040 --> 00:10:27,980
Signal ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุดูŠ ุจุชุงุนุช ุงู„ Complex
126
00:10:48,210 --> 00:10:59,610
ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุง ุชุณุชุทูŠุน ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู€ IL-2 cytokine ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุง
127
00:10:59,610 --> 00:11:06,130
ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุงูƒุชูุงุด ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุธู‡ุฑ ูŠูˆุฑู‘ุฌู†ุง ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ two
128
00:11:06,130 --> 00:11:14,370
signals ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ุงู†ูŠุฉ MHC bind ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ TCR
129
00:11:14,370 --> 00:11:24,290
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ BCR ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ CD40-ligand interaction ุตุงุฑ
130
00:11:24,290 --> 00:11:29,740
ููŠ ุจูŠุณู„ ุงูƒุชูุงุด ูˆุตุงุฑ ููŠ antibody secretion ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุง
131
00:11:29,740 --> 00:11:35,600
ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ู„ูƒู† ู…ุงููŠู‡ second
132
00:11:35,600 --> 0:11:39,800
signal ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ CD40-ligand interaction ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
133
00:11:39,800 --> 00:11:48,820
ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุตุงุฑุช ู„ุง ุตุงุฑ ุงู†ูŠุฑุฌูŠูƒ ู†ูุณ
134
00:11:48,820 --> 00:11:55,080
ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฏู†ุชุฑ ุชูƒุณู„ ู‚ุฏู…ุช ู„ู€ T lymphocytes ู…ู†
135
00:11:55,080 --> 00:11:58,640
ุฎู„ุงู„ MSC Class II ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุงุชุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ูุฑุด
136
00:11:58,640 --> 00:12:06,540
Signal ูˆู‡ูŠ CD28 ู…ุน B7 ู‚ุฏู‘ู…ุช ุงู„ู€ Second Signal ุงุชู†ุดุทุช
137
00:12:06,540 --> 00:12:11,660
ุงู„ู€ T lymphocyte ูˆูƒูˆู‘ู†ุช IL-2 cytokine ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
138
00:12:11,660 --> 00:12:18,930
ุตู„ู‘ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ activation ููŠ ูŠูˆู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ T-Lymphocytes
139
00:12:18,930 --> 00:12:22,490
ูŠูˆู… ุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ Antigen ูˆูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ First Signal
140
00:12:22,490 --> 00:12:26,050
ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ Second Signal ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุชุจุชุณู„
141
00:12:26,050 --> 00:12:31,330
Energized ุงู„ู€
142
00:12:31,330 --> 00:12:36,450
Receptor Editing ูŠู‚ูˆู„ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ T-Lymphocytes ุชุนูŠุฏ
143
00:12:36,450 --> 00:12:39,870
ุชุตููŠุฉ
144
00:12:39,870 --> 00:12:44,130
ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Light Chain Variable Gene
145
00:12:44,130 --> 00:12:53,590
Segment ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุช ุงู„ู€ VG Unit ูˆุจุชุฎุชุงุฑ
146
00:12:53,590 --> 00:13:00,630
Unarranged Element ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ V1G5 ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
147
00:13:00,630 --> 00:13:07,150
already ุงุชุฑุชุจ ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ Secondary Arrangement
148
00:13:07,150 --> 00:13:12,820
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ diversity ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ูˆุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ุณุฎ
149
00:13:12,820 --> 00:13:18,200
ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ู„ู„ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ
150
00:13:18,200 --> 00:13:23,900
specificity ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ูˆุทุจุนู‹ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†
151
00:13:23,900 --> 00:13:28,640
ุงู„ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุทู„ุน is not specific like auto
152
00:13:28,640 --> 00:13:33,500
reactivity is not specific to auto antigen
153
00:13:35,630 --> 00:13:40,410
ู‡ู„ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ูˆู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุทู„ุน PCR ุนู„ู‰
154
00:13:40,410 --> 00:13:44,250
ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ B-cell which is specific for autoantigen
155
00:13:44,250 --> 00:13:48,970
ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ B-lymphocyte ุจุชุนู…ู„ editingุŒ ุดูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ
156
00:13:48,970 --> 00:13:52,430
ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุตููŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€
157
00:13:52,430 --> 00:13:57,330
variable gene variable segment ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู€ light
158
00:13:57,330 --> 00:13:57,550
chain
159
00:14:00,860 --> 00:14:05,420
ูƒุฐุง ุชุฌู‡ุฒ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ุง ูˆุชุนู…ู„ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
160
00:14:05,420 --> 00:14:11,200
ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุชุฎุชุงุฑ ุฃูŠ ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠ V1 V5 V1 V5 V1 V1 V1 V1
161
00:14:11,200 --> 00:14:12,120
V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1
162
00:14:12,120 --> 00:14:14,100
V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1
163
00:14:14,100 --> 00:14:14,160
V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1
164
00:14:14,160 --> 00:14:15,400
V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1 V1
165
00:14:28,230 --> 00:14:33,150
ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ
166
00:14:33,150 --> 00:14:37,430
Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ
167
00:14:37,430 --> 00:14:38,290
Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ
168
00:14:38,290 --> 00:14:42,330
ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ
169
00:14:42,330 --> 00:14:42,430
Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ
170
00:14:42,430 --> 00:14:42,690
ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ
171
00:14:42,690 --> 00:14:47,910
Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ
172
00:14:47,910 --> 00:14:52,750
ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ Vฮฑ ู„ูˆูƒุงุณ
173
00:14:58,760 --> 00:15:01,620
ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู€ Negative Selection Negative
174
00:15:01,620 --> 00:15:05,200
Selection ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ
175
00:15:05,200 --> 00:15:08,840
Apoptosis ู„ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ Receptor
176
00:15:08,840 --> 00:15:13,460
Editing Deletion
177
00:15:13,460 --> 00:15:18,060
Autoreactive B-cell and T-cell are eliminated
178
00:15:18,060 --> 00:15:24,920
Apoptosis is the basic mechanism ูˆุจุตูŠุฑ
179
00:15:26,990 --> 00:15:32,350
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ negative selection ูˆุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
180
00:15:32,350 --> 00:15:35,530
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ primary lymphoid organs ููŠ ุงู„ู€ thymus ู„ู„ู€ T
181
00:15:35,530 --> 00:15:40,810
lymphocyte ูˆ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ู„ู„ู€ B lymphocyte ููŠ ุงู„ู€
182
00:15:40,810 --> 00:15:45,950
thymus ุงู„ู€ double positive T lymphocyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุซุจุช
183
00:15:45,950 --> 00:15:52,330
ุจู€ high affinity with antigen plus MHC molecule in
184
00:15:52,330 --> 00:15:59,470
the thymus have been undergone Rapid Deletion ูˆุทุจุนู‹ุง
185
00:15:59,470 --> 00:16:03,450
ู…ุง ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ T-Lymphocyte ูŠุญุตู„ ู„ู„ู€ B-Lymphocytes
186
00:16:03,450 --> 00:16:07,270
ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Bone marrow ุงู„ู€ B-Lymphocyte ููŠ
187
00:16:07,270 --> 00:16:10,310
ุงู„ู€ Bone marrow ูˆ T-Lymphocyte ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Thymus
188
00:16:10,310 --> 00:16:18,950
Criminal Ignorance ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุฏุฎู„ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุงููŠู‡ ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง
189
00:16:18,950 --> 00:16:25,430
ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุดูˆ ุงู„ุฏุนูˆุฉุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅู…ุง
190
00:16:25,430 --> 00:16:34,510
ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฃูˆ ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ Receptor ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฃููŠู†ูŠุชูŠ
191
00:16:34,510 --> 00:16:39,490
ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู€ Antigen ู„ุฐู„ูƒ ู„ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€
192
00:16:39,490 --> 00:16:46,910
Antigen ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุงุนู„ุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุดูƒู„
193
00:16:46,910 --> 00:16:52,330
ุฎุทุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู„ุญุธุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชู†ุดุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
194
00:16:52,330 --> 00:17:00,740
ูˆุชุนู…ู„ autoimmune disease ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ุฎุทุฑ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง
195
00:17:00,740 --> 00:17:08,920
ุฎุทุฑ ูˆ .. if the B cell with low affinity for self
196
00:17:08,920 --> 00:17:14,080
antigen undergone undergoes somatic mutation ูˆ ุจุฏุช ูˆ
197
00:17:14,080 --> 00:17:17,200
ุงุชุญูˆู„ุช ู„ู€ high affinity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ affinity ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง
198
00:17:17,200 --> 00:17:21,020
ุตุงุฑุช high affinity to self antigen ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชู…ุดุฑ
199
00:17:21,020 --> 00:17:30,220
ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ูˆู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€T-lymphocyte which
200
00:17:30,220 --> 00:17:33,460
can also be activated if the concentration of self
201
00:17:33,460 --> 00:17:39,580
-peptide is increased ูŠุฌุงู‡ุง ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€antigen ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ู„
202
00:17:39,580 --> 00:17:45,540
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ignored antigen ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ู‡ู…ู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ either it has
203
00:17:45,540 --> 00:17:52,060
low concentration orุงู„ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุบูˆู„ุฉ
204
00:17:52,060 --> 00:17:56,040
ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุฃููŠู†ูŠุชูŠ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
205
00:17:56,040 --> 00:18:00,340
ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุงูƒุชูุงุด ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ู„ูƒู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุฃูŠ ู„ุญุธุฉ
206
00:18:00,340 --> 00:18:04,120
ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ุญุธุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ concentration of ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ูˆ
207
00:18:04,120 --> 00:18:08,680
ุฅู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ affinity of ุงู„ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ูˆูŠุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆุชูˆ
208
00:18:08,680 --> 00:18:09,200
ุฅูŠู…ูŠูˆู†
209
00:18:11,730 --> 00:18:14,730
ุงู„ู€ Peripheral Tolerance ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุงู‡
210
00:18:14,730 --> 00:18:17,370
ู‡ุฐุง ุทูˆูŠ ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Central Tolerance ูˆูŠู†
211
00:18:17,370 --> 00:18:21,090
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ primary lymphoid organs ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone
212
00:18:21,090 --> 00:18:24,130
marrow and thymus ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ B ูˆT ุงู„ู„ูŠู†ููˆุณุงูŠุช
213
00:18:24,130 --> 00:18:26,770
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Peripheral Tolerance ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ in the
214
00:18:26,770 --> 00:18:33,650
periphery ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ุฑุจุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ primary lymphoid organs
215
00:18:33,650 --> 00:18:38,970
as autoreactive cell ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆู†ุฒู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ periphery
216
00:18:38,970 --> 00:18:43,530
ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ periphery This will undergo somatic
217
00:18:43,530 --> 00:18:47,850
mutation in the periphery ูˆู…ุฑู‘ุงุช ุงู„ู€ mutation ุจุชุคุฏูŠ
218
00:18:47,850 --> 00:18:53,950
ุฅู„ู‰ auto reactive specificity ูุดูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ
219
00:18:53,950 --> 00:18:58,690
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู‡ุง peripheral tolerance ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€
220
00:18:58,690 --> 00:19:03,810
peripheral tolerance ุจุดูƒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดุจูƒุฉ
221
00:19:10,390 --> 00:19:15,630
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุฑุฏุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูŠูุฑุงู„
222
00:19:15,630 --> 00:19:22,430
ุงู„ู„ู…ูุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠูุฑูŠ ุนุงุดุฑ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
223
00:19:22,430 --> 00:19:27,490
ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุจุฑูู„ุฑ ุชุฌู†ุณ ุฌุงู„ู‡ ุฅู…ุง ุงู†ุฑุฌูŠ ูˆุฅู…ุง deletion
224
00:19:27,490 --> 00:19:32,800
ูˆุฅู…ุง activation induced cell death ูˆ Induction of
225
00:19:32,800 --> 00:19:37,940
Regulatory T Cell ูˆ T
226
00:19:37,940 --> 00:19:43,500
Cell Energy ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Major Mechanism for
227
00:19:43,500 --> 00:19:49,240
Induction of Unresponsiveness States ู„ู„ู€ Self
228
00:19:49,240 --> 00:19:51,680
Antigen ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠููŠุฑูŠ
229
00:19:54,500 --> 00:19:58,640
ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุณ ุงุณู… ุงู„ู€
230
00:19:58,640 --> 00:20:02,540
kidney ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ liver ูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงุก ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ do not
231
00:20:02,540 --> 00:20:06,640
express co-stimulatory ู…ูˆู„ูŠูƒูŠูˆู„ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€
232
00:20:06,640 --> 00:20:11,640
ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† presented by these cell are likely induce
233
00:20:11,640 --> 00:20:16,460
anergy ู…ุฏู‰ ู…ุงููŠุด second signal ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ co
234
00:20:16,460 --> 00:20:22,800
-stimulatory signal ุจู„ุฏู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠู‡ anergy T-cells
235
00:20:22,800 --> 00:20:28,360
encountered antigen in the periphery ู„ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุณูƒุช
236
00:20:28,360 --> 00:20:33,680
ุจุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุฌู† ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠูุฑูŠ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุงููŠุด T-cell ุงุชุฒูˆุฏู‡ุง ุจุงู„ู€
237
00:20:33,680 --> 00:20:38,960
second signal ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง will undergo anergy deletion
238
00:20:38,960 --> 00:20:45,680
also occur in the periphery ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ deletion ุจุชุชู…
239
00:20:45,680 --> 00:20:51,060
ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Fas Fas ligand interaction ูˆุงู„ู€ Fas ู…ุฏูŠู†ุฉ
240
00:20:51,060 --> 00:20:56,520
ุฃุจูˆุจุชูˆุณูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ligation of Fas
241
00:20:56,520 --> 00:21:00,540
ligand ุจุนุฏ .. ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู…ุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ removal of the mature
242
00:21:00,540 --> 00:21:04,300
autoreactive B-lymphocytes ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Fas
243
00:21:04,300 --> 00:21:07,740
ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Fas ligand ุงู„ู€ Fas ุจุญุฏ ุฐุงุชู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† monomer
244
00:21:07,740 --> 00:21:12,360
expressed
245
00:21:12,360 --> 00:21:18,540
by activated lymphocytes ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนุถูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ human
246
00:21:18,540 --> 00:21:24,300
TNF factor family receptor ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู€ Fas ุจุงู„ู€ Fas
247
00:21:24,300 --> 00:21:29,460
ligand ุจูŠู†ู‚ู„
248
00:21:29,460 --> 00:21:36,840
ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง apoptotic signal ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ
249
00:21:36,840 --> 00:21:42,770
ุงู„ู€ Fas ูˆุทุจุนู‹ุง Fas ligand ูŠุชู… ุฅุฏุฑุงูƒู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…
250
00:21:42,770 --> 00:21:43,990
ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„
251
00:21:43,990 --> 00:21:46,230
ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…
252
00:21:46,230 --> 00:21:48,310
ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…
253
00:21:48,310 --> 00:21:50,670
ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…
254
00:21:50,670 --> 00:21:51,870
ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…
255
00:21:51,870 --> 00:21:52,210
ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…
256
00:21:52,210 --> 00:22:02,270
ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…
257
00:22:02,270 --> 00:22:04,790
ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…
258
00:22:09,280 --> 00:22:15,660
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Fas ุญูŠุซ ุงู†ุชุดุฑุช ุจู€ Death Domain of several
259
00:22:15,660 --> 00:22:21,500
cytosolic adaptor proteins ุฃุดู‡ุฑู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Fas ุงู„ู„ูŠ
260
00:22:21,500 --> 00:22:27,580
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Fas Associated Death Domain ูˆุทุจุนุง ู…ุชู‰ ู…ุง
261
00:22:27,580 --> 00:22:33,200
ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
262
00:22:33,200 --> 00:22:38,710
cysteine ุจุฑูˆุชูŠูŠุฒ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง Caspases Enzyme ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุคุฏูŠ
263
00:22:38,710 --> 00:22:46,870
ุฅู„ู‰ apoptosis of cell ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…ุด ุทุจุนุง
264
00:22:46,870 --> 00:22:51,350
Fas ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… auto immune proliferative
265
00:22:51,350 --> 00:22:55,090
syndrome ูˆุงู„ูุงุฒ Fas ligand
266
00:22:57,910 --> 00:23:03,430
ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฎู„ุตู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ T-Lymphocytes ููŠ ุงู„ู€ periphery. It
267
00:23:03,430 --> 00:23:07,190
also may be involved in mediating negative
268
00:23:07,190 --> 00:23:10,450
selection ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Thymus. ูƒู…ุงู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู†
269
00:23:10,450 --> 00:23:13,710
ุชุตูŠุฑุŒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ periphery
270
00:23:13,710 --> 00:23:19,600
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Thymus. Energized B-Lymphocytes ู‡ูŠ
271
00:23:19,600 --> 00:23:23,760
ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ุฉ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู„ู€ Fas-mediated apoptosis ูŠุนู†ูŠ
272
00:23:23,760 --> 00:23:27,000
ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ T-Lymphocyte ู…ู…ูƒู†
273
00:23:27,000 --> 00:23:32,580
ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ B-Lymphocyte ูˆู‡ุฐุง
274
00:23:32,580 --> 00:23:38,140
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ู€ Fas ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† CD
275
00:23:38,140 --> 00:23:41,220
95
276
00:23:41,220 --> 00:23:50,190
It has death domain ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠุฑุชุจุท ุงู„ู€ Fas-ligand ู‡ุฐุง
277
00:23:50,190 --> 00:23:59,670
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Fas ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ุจุงู„ู€ FAD ุดูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ Fas ุงู„ู€
278
00:23:59,670 --> 00:24:05,190
domain will be activated ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ primary
279
00:24:05,190 --> 00:24:10,870
caspases will be activated ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† caspase-8 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดุท
280
00:24:10,870 --> 00:24:17,210
caspase-3 ูˆ ุงู„ caspase-3 ุจุนู…ู„ DNA fragmentation
281
00:24:17,210 --> 00:24:22,580
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุณู„ุญุฉ apoptosis ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชู†ุดูŠุท
282
00:24:22,580 --> 00:24:27,860
Caspase enzyme ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู€ Fas ุจุงู„ู€ Fas ligand ุฃูˆ
283
00:24:27,860 --> 00:24:32,440
ุจุงู„ู€ FAD ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุณูƒ ุจุงู„ู€ Fas ligand ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู†
284
00:24:32,440 --> 00:24:38,000
Caspase 8 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุดุท Caspase 3 ุฃู…ุฑ ุนู† ุณู„ุณู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„
285
00:24:38,000 --> 00:24:42,760
Caspases ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ DNA Fragmentation of Cell
286
00:24:42,760 --> 00:24:48,720
ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงุณู… Apoptotic Cell
287
00:24:52,370 --> 00:24:55,370
regulatory or suppressor T cell ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุดูˆูู†ุง ุงู„
288
00:24:55,370 --> 00:24:59,790
deletion ุดูˆูู†ุง ุงู„ู€ receptor editing ูˆ ุดูˆูู†ุง ุงู„ู€
289
00:24:59,790 --> 00:25:05,110
energy ูƒู…ุงู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ู„ู€ regulatory T
290
00:25:05,110 --> 00:25:09,810
lymphocytes ุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง suppressor T cell ูˆู‡ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡
291
00:25:09,810 --> 00:25:15,230
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† CD4 T cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ to
292
00:25:15,230 --> 00:25:22,680
down regulate T cell functionุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุชูŠ ุฑูŠุฌ ุชูŠ ุฑูŠุฌ
293
00:25:22,680 --> 00:25:28,250
express CD 25 ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† IL-2 receptor Alpha
294
00:25:28,250 --> 00:25:36,690
Chain CD4-CD25 T regulatory Cell ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 10% ู…ู†
295
00:25:36,690 --> 00:25:44,010
ุงู„ู€ CD4 Positive Cell ุงู„ู…ูŠุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ CD4
296
00:25:44,010 --> 00:25:48,230
Positive CD25 Positive T regulatory Cell ุจูŠุนู…ู„
297
00:25:48,230 --> 00:25:51,570
Autoimmune Disease ุฒูŠ Thyroiditis, Gastritis,
298
00:25:51,710 --> 00:25:58,010
Insulitis, Angiomarynephritis ูˆ T suppressor cell
299
00:25:58,010 --> 00:26:04,130
suppress graft versus host disease induced by CD4
300
00:26:04,130 --> 00:26:10,990
positive CD25 negative T lymphocytes ู‡ูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง T
301
00:26:10,990 --> 00:26:15,370
suppressor cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุชุซุจูŠุช ู„ู€ graft versus
302
00:26:15,370 --> 00:26:23,910
host disease rejection CD4 positive 25 positive T
303
00:26:23,910 --> 00:26:29,480
suppressor cell ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุฅู…ุง Produce
304
00:26:29,480 --> 00:26:37,760
either low or very low level of IL-2 ู„ูƒู† ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ู…
305
00:26:37,760 --> 00:26:41,360
Produce
306
00:26:41,360 --> 00:26:44,280
immunosuppressive drug ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Transforming Growth
307
00:26:44,280 --> 00:26:45,000
Factor Beta
308
00:26:51,850 --> 00:26:56,490
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† IL-2 Receptor ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† T
309
00:26:56,490 --> 00:27:01,070
cell activator ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ู‡ ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุง
310
00:27:01,070 --> 00:27:05,470
ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ cytokine ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ transforming
311
00:27:05,470 --> 00:27:10,050
growth factor ุจูŠุชุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง inhibitory cytokine ู…ู†
312
00:27:10,050 --> 00:27:14,640
ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฅู†ู‡ They also express chemokine
313
00:27:14,640 --> 00:27:24,480
receptor 4 ูˆ ุฏูˆู„ู‡ู… ู…ู† ูŠุคุฏูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒูŠู…ูˆุชุงูƒุชูƒ cytokine
314
00:27:24,480 --> 00:27:29,700
ุฃูˆ chemokine ุจูŠุคุฏูˆุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ migration of cells to
315
00:27:29,700 --> 00:27:35,460
inflamed organ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ lymph nodes ุณุงุญุฉ
316
00:27:35,460 --> 00:27:40,640
ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูƒุฉ ูƒูŠู ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ suppressionุŸ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง they
317
00:27:40,640 --> 00:27:45,930
induce suppression ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ cell to cell contact
318
00:27:45,930 --> 00:27:50,510
ู„ุงุฒู… ู‡ูˆ ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ cell to cell contact ูˆู…ุชู‰ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ
319
00:27:50,510 --> 00:27:53,210
ููŠู‡ contact ูŠู€ inhibit ุงู„ู€ proliferation and
320
00:27:53,210 --> 00:27:58,630
activation ู„ุฅู…ุง CD4 ุฃูˆ CD8 cell ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠู…ู†ุนู‡
321
00:27:58,630 --> 00:28:04,870
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ transcription of IL-2 ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
322
00:28:04,870 --> 00:28:10,960
ูˆู…ุชู‰ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ู…ุงููŠุด IL-2 ู…ุงููŠุด activation ููŠ ู†ูˆุนูŠู†
323
00:28:10,960 --> 00:28:18,200
ุชู…ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ CD4 T-lymphocyte that have suppressive
324
00:28:18,200 --> 00:28:23,480
activity have been identified ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง TR1
325
00:28:23,480 --> 00:28:28,500
ูˆ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง T-Helper 3 ู„ุฃู† TR1 ุจุชุทู„ุน
326
00:28:28,500 --> 00:28:32,860
inhibitory cytokine ุฒูŠ IL-10, transforming growth
327
00:28:32,860 --> 00:28:42,930
factor beta ูˆ it has no ุฃูˆ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ IL-2 ูˆ IL-4
328
00:28:42,930 --> 00:28:46,710
ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Cytokine ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุชุฌู‡ ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
329
00:28:46,710 --> 00:28:51,910
Inhibitory Cytokine ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง
330
00:28:51,910 --> 00:28:59,950
ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ุงุชูุถู„ ุฅู†ู‘ ุงู„ู€ B7-1 ูˆ B7-2 ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ Antigen
331
00:28:59,950 --> 00:29:05,630
presenting cell ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ CTLA-4 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฑูŠุณุจุชูˆุฑ ุนู„ู‰
332
00:29:05,630 --> 00:29:14,020
ุงู„ู€ Treg ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ Costimulatory Signal ู„ูƒู†ู‡ุง
333
00:29:14,020 --> 00:29:18,240
Inhibitory Signal ู…ุด Stimulatory Signal ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
334
00:29:18,240 --> 00:29:21,280
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Suppressive ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ุงู„ู€
335
00:29:21,280 --> 00:29:25,680
Costimulation ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุณ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจู€ CTLA4
336
00:29:25,680 --> 00:29:30,500
ุจุฏู„ CD28 ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด Inhibitory Signal ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
337
00:29:30,500 --> 00:29:35,300
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Suppressive ู„ู€ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฃูŠุถุง
338
00:29:35,300 --> 00:29:39,200
ุจูŠุนู…ู„ Suppression ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Lymphocyte Activation
339
00:29:39,200 --> 00:29:45,780
Gene 3 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Lag-3 ูŠูˆู… ู…ุง ูŠุฑุชุจุท Lag-3 ุจุงู„ู€
340
00:29:45,780 --> 00:29:50,860
MHC Class II Molecule ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุณูƒ ุงู„ู€ Antigen ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
341
00:29:50,860 --> 00:29:58,200
activation ู„ู€ Treg ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ Inhibition of T cell
342
00:29:58,200 --> 00:30:03,620
activation IL-10, Transforming Growth Factor Beta
343
00:30:03,620 --> 00:30:07,520
ู…ุทู„ูˆุจูŠู† for activation of Treg suppression
344
00:30:07,520 --> 00:30:14,530
T Helper 3 ุฃูŠุถุง ูˆุฌุฏูˆู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ูˆุฌุฏูˆู‡ุง ุดุบู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠ
345
00:30:14,530 --> 00:30:18,490
ุงู„ู€ Oral Tolerance ูˆูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชู†ุชุฌ
346
00:30:18,490 --> 00:30:20,790
Transforming Growth Factor Beta ูŠุนู†ูŠ
347
00:30:20,790 --> 00:30:26,130
ุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู€ Cytokine ูˆู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Cytokine ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
348
00:30:26,130 --> 00:30:33,030
ููŠู‡ Inhibition ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… of over suppression ู‡ูŠ
349
00:30:33,030 --> 00:30:40,220
Treg ูƒูŠู ุงุดุชุบู„ุช Treg ู„ูŠู‡ CD24 ูˆ CD25 ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ
350
00:30:40,220 --> 00:30:43,580
ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท
351
00:30:43,580 --> 00:30:48,720
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ MHC ู…ุน
352
00:30:48,720 --> 00:30:53,100
TCR MHC ุฏู‡ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† Antigen Presenting Cell ู…ุงุณูƒุฉ
353
00:30:53,100 --> 00:30:58,430
Antigen ู‚ุฏู…ุชู‡ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ T-cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Treg ุฃุชุช
354
00:30:58,430 --> 00:31:04,010
ุชุฑุชุจุท ุชุนู…ู„ costimulation ุจุณ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ CD
355
00:31:04,010 --> 00:31:09,830
ุงู„ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ CD28 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุจูŠ ุณุจู† ู…ุน CTLA4
356
00:31:09,830 --> 00:31:15,390
ูˆ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ inhibitory signal ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ there
357
00:31:15,390 --> 00:31:21,290
is no IL-2 cytokine production ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด
358
00:31:21,290 --> 00:31:26,070
activation ุฃูˆ ุดูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฏูˆุก ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฏูˆุก ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุงูƒุชุฆุงุจ
359
00:31:26,070 --> 00:31:34,630
ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุดูŠู„ ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฅู†ู‡ Lag-3 gene lymphocyte
360
00:31:34,630 --> 00:31:39,370
activating gene ุฑู‚ู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ MHC
361
00:31:39,370 --> 00:31:42,670
Molecule ูˆุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุจุงู„ู€ MHC Molecule ุจุฑุถู‡
362
00:31:42,670 --> 00:31:46,690
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Treg activation
363
00:31:46,690 --> 00:31:51,200
ูˆ ูŠุชู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Treg activation ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฅูุฑุงุฒ
364
00:31:51,200 --> 00:31:53,420
Inhibitory cytokine ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ IL-10
365
00:31:53,420 --> 00:32:00,380
ูˆ Transforming Growth Factor Beta Oral Tolerance ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€
366
00:32:00,380 --> 00:32:03,260
Oral Tolerance ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุงูƒู„ู‡ ู…ู„ูŠุฆ
367
00:32:03,260 --> 00:32:06,500
ุจุงู„ุฃู†ุชูŠุฌูŠู†ุงุช ู„ูŠุด ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ ุฅูŠุด Immune
368
00:32:06,500 --> 00:32:10,860
responseุŸ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Tolerance ูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู€
369
00:32:10,860 --> 00:32:15,400
Tolerance ู‡ุฐุง Oral Tolerance ู…ุงุดูŠ and it's defined
370
00:32:15,400 --> 00:32:18,600
as the lack of humoral or cell-mediated immune
371
00:32:18,600 --> 00:32:25,180
responses ู„ู…ูŠู† to the ingested food antigen ุฏูŠ ูŠุฌุจ
372
00:32:25,180 --> 00:32:30,180
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ูŠุชุฎูŠู„ู‡ T cell and the mechanism
373
00:32:30,180 --> 00:32:34,520
for maintaining it ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ ingested antigen
374
00:32:38,170 --> 00:32:42,230
ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุฅู†ู‘ ุงู„ู€ ingested antigen ุฅู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† Luminal ุฃูˆ
375
00:32:42,230 --> 00:32:46,070
MucosalุŒ ุงู„ู€ Luminal Antigen ุจู†ุดุท T Helper 3ุŒ
376
00:32:46,070 --> 00:32:52,650
suppressor T cellุŒ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู‡ุงูŠุฏูˆุฒ ุงู†ุชุฌู† induce T
377
00:32:52,650 --> 00:32:54,250
cell anergy or deletion
378
00:32:57,230 --> 00:33:05,570
ุงู„ุชูˆู„ูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนูŠุฉ ุงูŠุถุง ู‡ูŠ ุงูˆู„ุง ุงู†ุดุฆุช ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
379
00:33:05,570 --> 00:33:10,950
ูŠุตู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌู† ู„ู„ู€ gut
380
00:33:10,950 --> 00:33:13,990
-associated lymphoid tissue ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ oral
381
00:33:13,990 --> 00:33:19,410
tolerance ุฏูŠ ุจุชุชูƒุณู„ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡
382
00:33:19,410 --> 00:33:28,050
processing ูˆ ุจุชู‚ุฏู…ู‡ ู„ู„ T cell ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง T cell
383
00:33:28,050 --> 00:33:32,610
ุงู…ุง ุจุชูุฑุณ T ุงู„ุจุฑุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู…ุง ุจูŠุณู„ู‡ุง deletion ุงูˆ
384
00:33:32,610 --> 00:33:35,250
ุฃุจูˆุจุชูˆุณุณ
385
00:33:36,510 --> 00:33:40,810
ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ุขุฎุฑ ูŠูˆู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ large dose ู„ู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„
386
00:33:40,810 --> 00:33:46,450
ุงู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุฌูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุดุฑูˆุน ุงู†ุชุฌุช
387
00:33:46,450 --> 00:33:47,150
388
00:33:47,150 --> 00:33:47,790
389
00:33:47,790 --> 00:33:49,230
390
00:33:49,230 --> 00:33:53,050
391
00:33:53,050 --> 00:33:53,110
392
00:33:53,110 --> 00:34:03,090
ุงู†
393
00:34:04,470 --> 00:34:09,630
is induced locally ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุทุฑุญ ุดูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ูŠุชูƒูˆู‘ู† ุงู„ู€
394
00:34:09,630 --> 00:34:14,270
gut cytokine ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ gut associated lymphoid
395
00:34:14,270 --> 00:34:18,130
tissue ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุขูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ุขูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชู† ุฃูˆ a
396
00:34:18,130 --> 00:34:23,210
transforming growth factor ู…ูŠุชุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุนู…ู„
397
00:34:23,210 --> 00:34:26,230
differentiation
398
00:34:26,230 --> 00:34:30,830
to teleport two ูˆ ุชูŠู„ูˆุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุจุนู…ู„ ุงู†ู‡ูŠุจุด ุฅู„ู‰
399
00:34:30,830 --> 00:34:34,520
teleport one ุงู„ุชูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุฏูŠุช
400
00:34:34,520 --> 00:34:37,220
suppression ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชูƒูˆูŠู† Transforming Growth
401
00:34:37,220 --> 00:34:41,620
Factor Beta ูˆ Triggering T ุงู„ุจุฑุชู„ุงุชุฉ is antigen
402
00:34:41,620 --> 00:34:45,560
specific ุจุณ their suppression is antigen non
403
00:34:45,560 --> 00:34:54,020
specific ู„ู…ุง ุฃุตูŠุฑ suppression ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุด ู„ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„
404
00:34:54,020 --> 00:34:59,420
Immune Privilege ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… not
405
00:34:59,420 --> 00:35:04,560
developed immune response ุงู…ุง ู„ู€ pathogen ุงูˆ tumour
406
00:35:04,560 --> 00:35:10,020
cell ุงูˆ ุญุชู‰ ู„ุชุดูŠูˆ ุชุฑุงู†ุณุจู„ุงู†ุช
407
00:35:10,020 --> 00:35:11,040
408
00:35:11,040 --> 00:35:15,460
409
00:35:15,460 --> 00:35:17,960
410
00:35:17,960 --> 00:35:24,980
411
00:35:24,980 --> 00:35:28,380
412
00:35:28,380 --> 00:35:37,770
ุชู…ุงุดูŠ in the eye ู…ุงุจุนู…ู„ูˆุด matching
413
00:35:37,770 --> 00:35:43,850
tissue matching ู…ุด ู…ุจู„ูˆุถ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงูŠ ุญุชู‰ ู…ุงุจุนุชู‡
414
00:35:43,850 --> 00:35:50,130
immunosuppressive therapy immunosuppressive
415
00:35:50,130 --> 00:35:54,880
cytokine ูˆุงู„ู€ Expression of Fas ligand ุจูŠู„ุนุจูˆุง ุฏูˆุฑ
416
00:35:54,880 --> 00:36:03,080
ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ establishing ุงู„ immune privileged sites
417
00:36:03,080 --> 00:36:09,640
ุงู„ reaction of Fas ligand ู…ุน ุงู„ูุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุงู†ุชูŠุณู„
418
00:36:09,640 --> 00:36:14,800
ุจูŠุคุฏู‰ ุงู„ุงุจูˆุจุชูˆุณูŠุช ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ retinal pigment
419
00:36:14,800 --> 00:36:19,560
epithelial cell and corneal epithelial cell ุงูŠุถุง
420
00:36:19,560 --> 00:36:24,380
ู…ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง expression ู„ู€ have been observed to
421
00:36:24,380 --> 00:36:28,600
express Fas ligand and to induce apoptosis of
422
00:36:28,600 --> 00:36:33,120
inflammatory T cell, ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง they express Fas ligand
423
00:36:33,120 --> 00:36:41,260
.ูˆุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุฃุฑุฌูˆ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‚ุฏ
424
00:36:41,260 --> 00:36:43,480
ุงุณุชูุฏุชู… ู…ู†ู‡ุง