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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู†ุณุชูƒู…ู„ ู…ุน ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ู„
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clinical chemistry ูˆ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุจุนู†ูˆุงู† ุงู„
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enzymes ูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุตู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุณู†ุชุทุฑู‚ ุฅู„ู‰
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ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ enzymesูˆ ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุณู†ุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† ุจุนุถ
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ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆ ู…ุชู‰ ุชุฑุชูุน ูˆ
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ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุงุฑุชูุงุนู‡ุง ูˆ ูƒูŠู ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช are
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usually proteins that act as catalysts, compounds
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that increase the rate of chemical reaction ููŠ
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ุฃุบู„ุจ ุงู„ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠู†ุงุชูˆู‡ูŠ
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ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ู…ุญูุฒุฉ ู„ู„ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูˆุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
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ู…ุนุฏู„ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุชุฑุชุจุท ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุต ู…ุน
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ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชูุงุนู„ุฉ ูˆุชูƒูˆู† complex ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ complex
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Lowers the activation energy in the reaction
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ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุชู… ุฅุนุทุงุฆู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ุญุชู‰
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ูŠุชู… ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ูˆู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุชุฌ ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุถุญ ุจู‡ุฐุง
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ุงู„ figure ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง un-catalyzed reaction ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
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catalyzed reaction ุงู„un-catalyzed reaction ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
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ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ activation energy ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง
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ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู†ุนุทูŠู‡ุง ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู‡ุฐุง
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ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑู‡ุง ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ activation energy
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ุจุชู†ุฎูุถ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ูƒุงู† ุงู† ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ catalyzed ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ
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ุญุงู„ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ enzyme ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ enzyme
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ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ activation energy ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„
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rate of reactionุงู„ุงู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุญููŠุฒ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู… ููŠู‡ ุงู„
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enzyme ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุฅู„ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ enzyme ู„ุง ูŠุชู…
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ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒู‡ without the enzyme becoming consumedูŠุจู‚ู‰
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ุงู„ enzyme ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ูˆ
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ุจู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุชุฌ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูƒ ุงู„ enzyme ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูˆ ุฃูŠุถุง without changing
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the equilibrium of the reaction ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชูˆุงุฒู†
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ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุฃู† ู…ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช
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ู‡ุชุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุงุชุฌุณูˆุงุก ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุนุฏู…
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ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุŒ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง
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ูŠุฏุงุด ู„ู†ุง ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ product ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠู†ุชุฌุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
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ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
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ู‡ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ productู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠูุฑู‚ ู‡ูˆ ุฒู…ู†
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ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ product ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุฏูˆู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
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ุฃู†ุฒูŠู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ product ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุฎู„ุงู„
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ุณุงุนุฉ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ ุฃู†ุฒูŠู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
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product ููŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฎู…ุณ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
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ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง without changing the equilibriumof
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the reaction ูŠุจูŠู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุจูŠุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช
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product is produced ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุทุจุนุง
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ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช they are specific to the reactions
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the catalyzed reactions are frequently specific
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and essential to physiologic functionsูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
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ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุญููŠุฒ reaction ู…ุนูŠู† ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง
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ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูุฒ ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„
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ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ู„ู‡ุง ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุจูˆุธุงุฆู ุงู„ุฌุณู…
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ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ููŠ enzyme ุงู„
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carbonic anhydrase ู‡ุฐุงุจูŠู„ุนุจ ุฏูˆุฑ ู…ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„hydration
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of carbon dioxide ูˆุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ carbonic acid ูˆุญู†ุดูˆู
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ู„ูˆ ุฏุงู… ุงูŠุด ุงู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงูŠุถุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠู†
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acetylase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู‡ู… ููŠ nerve conduction ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†
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ูƒูŠู†ูŠุฒ ููŠ muscle contraction ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช
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ุงู„ุจูŠุจุณูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุงู…ูŠู„ูŠุฒ ูˆุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠุงู„ู€
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nutrient degradation ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ digestion of food ููŠ
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ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ AT base ู…ู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ energy use ูŠุจู‚ู‰
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ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช
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ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูุธ ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆุฒูŠ
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ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ู„ู‡ุง ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠุฒูŠูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ
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ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉin all body tissue ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
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ุงู„ tissue ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุชู…ุงู… ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…
65
00:05:53,530 --> 00:05:57,810
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุขู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูƒู„ุงู…ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
66
00:05:57,810 --> 00:06:02,980
ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุณุจ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€ tissue ูˆ
67
00:06:02,980 --> 00:06:06,720
ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ tissue ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู† ููŠ
68
00:06:06,720 --> 00:06:12,040
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ concentration ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
69
00:06:12,040 --> 00:06:18,680
ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ ููŠ ู†ูˆุน ู…ุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡
70
00:06:18,680 --> 00:06:23,840
ุงู„ู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ุงุฌูŠู‡ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจ
71
00:06:23,840 --> 00:06:28,630
concentrations ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ turn
72
00:06:28,630 --> 00:06:35,330
over ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู† leakage ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู†
73
00:06:35,330 --> 00:06:41,450
ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู†ุณุจ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู†
74
00:06:41,450 --> 00:06:45,250
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุชุฑุชูุน ุงู„ concentration ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ููŠ
75
00:06:45,250 --> 00:06:49,710
ุงู„ุฏู… ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุงู†ู‡ุง cellular injury ูŠุนู†ูŠ
76
00:06:49,710 --> 00:06:55,480
ู…ุซู„ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ููŠ ุงู†ุฒุงู… ุงู„
77
00:06:55,480 --> 00:07:00,700
ALT ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจ concentration ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุทูŠุจ
78
00:07:00,700 --> 00:07:08,140
ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ ALT ู„ูˆ ูุญุตู†ุง ูƒู…ูŠุชู‡ ุจุงู„ุฏู… ู‡ู„ุงุฌูŠ
79
00:07:08,140 --> 00:07:12,840
ุงู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ูƒู† ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
80
00:07:12,840 --> 00:07:17,280
injury ู„ุงู„ liver ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ููŠุฑูˆุณูŠ ู„ุงู„
81
00:07:17,280 --> 00:07:21,020
liver ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ breakdown ู„ุนุฏุฏ
82
00:07:21,020 --> 00:07:25,140
ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุงู„ู€ liver ูˆ ู‡ูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
83
00:07:25,140 --> 00:07:29,560
release ู„ู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ ู‡ู„ุงุฌุฆ
84
00:07:29,560 --> 00:07:33,080
ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจุฏุฃุช ุงู„ concentration ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง
85
00:07:33,080 --> 00:07:38,840
ุชุฑุชูุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ
86
00:07:38,840 --> 00:07:43,260
ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
87
00:07:43,260 --> 00:07:48,170
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุจู†ุญูƒูŠุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
88
00:07:48,170 --> 00:07:53,030
ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช
89
00:07:53,030 --> 00:07:57,950
ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุต ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ
90
00:07:57,950 --> 00:08:03,210
ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ ISO
91
00:08:03,210 --> 00:08:08,930
enzymes ูˆ ุงู„ ISO enzymes ู‡ู… ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช
92
00:08:08,930 --> 00:08:16,020
ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ุงู„ amino acid sequenceู„ูƒู†
93
00:08:16,020 --> 00:08:22,200
ุจูŠุชุดุงุจู‡ ููŠ ุฅู†ู‡ู… they catalyze the same chemical
94
00:08:22,200 --> 00:08:27,940
reactionูŠุจุฌู‰ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ููŠ ุงู„ amino acid sequence
95
00:08:27,940 --> 00:08:34,600
ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุฅู„ุง ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจุชุญูุธ ู†ูุณ
96
00:08:34,600 --> 00:08:39,380
ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ูŠุจุฌู‰ they have similar catalytic activity
97
00:08:39,380 --> 00:08:43,140
ู†ูุณ ุงู„ catalytic activity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุชุญููŠุฒูŠ
98
00:08:43,140 --> 00:08:45,800
ู„ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
99
00:08:54,570 --> 00:08:58,270
ุจูŠูˆ ูƒูŠู…ูŠูƒุงู„ูŠ ุชู…ุงู… ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ amino acid
100
00:08:58,270 --> 00:09:01,710
sequence ู…ุฎุชู„ู ูˆุฃูŠุถุง ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ amino acid sequence
101
00:09:01,710 --> 00:09:05,370
ู…ุฎุชู„ู ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุฃูŠุถุง ุจุฑุถู‡
102
00:09:05,370 --> 00:09:10,810
immunologically ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ ุงู„ antigen
103
00:09:10,810 --> 00:09:17,230
ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ enzyme ูƒ antigen ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุนู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
104
00:09:17,230 --> 00:09:22,490
ISO enzyme ุขุฎุฑูŠุจู‚ู‰ biochemically ูˆ immunologically
105
00:09:22,490 --> 00:09:27,490
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ูƒุดู ุนู† ุงู„ isoenzymes ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠุงู†ุง two
106
00:09:27,490 --> 00:09:31,210
isoenzymes catalyze the same reaction ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู†
107
00:09:31,210 --> 00:09:37,410
ู†ูƒุดู ุนู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ู… ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… different antibodies ู„ุฃู†
108
00:09:37,410 --> 00:09:41,390
ุงู„ amino acid sequence ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ different
109
00:09:41,390 --> 00:09:44,170
forms maybe differentiated from each other based
110
00:09:44,170 --> 00:09:49,000
on certain physical propertiesูŠู…ูƒู† ู†ูุตู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
111
00:09:49,000 --> 00:09:54,980
Isoenzymes ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ Ectophoresis ู…ู…ูƒู† ุนู†
112
00:09:54,980 --> 00:10:00,480
ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ differences in absorption properties ูˆ
113
00:10:00,480 --> 00:10:04,380
ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ reaction with a specific
114
00:10:04,380 --> 00:10:10,420
antibody ู„ุฃู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ immunologically ุจุฎุชู„ููˆุง ุฃูŠุถุง
115
00:10:10,420 --> 00:10:14,380
ุงู„ู€ Co-factors ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ protein molecules
116
00:10:14,380 --> 00:10:20,700
required for enzymeactivation ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠ
117
00:10:20,700 --> 00:10:28,040
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ู…ุณุงุนุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ูˆ ู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ูˆุนู†ุง
118
00:10:28,040 --> 00:10:32,080
ุงู„ core factors ุงู†ู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† inorganic ูˆุนู†ุง
119
00:10:32,080 --> 00:10:36,120
organic ุงู„ inorganic ุฒูŠ ุงู„ chloride ูˆ ุงู„ magnesium
120
00:10:36,120 --> 00:10:40,720
ions ูˆ organic coenzymesุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Nicotinamide
121
00:10:40,720 --> 00:10:44,220
adenine dinucleotide ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ NAD ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู†
122
00:10:44,220 --> 00:10:53,680
ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‚ุณู…ู‡ุง ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูƒุงู† ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃู†
123
00:10:53,680 --> 00:10:59,340
ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ based enzymes ู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ
124
00:11:04,960 --> 00:11:11,570
ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู„ู€ Plasma Specific EnzymesThey have a
125
00:11:11,570 --> 00:11:14,710
very definite specific function in the plasma ูŠุจู‚ู‰
126
00:11:14,710 --> 00:11:17,310
ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ plasma specific enzymes ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰
127
00:11:17,310 --> 00:11:23,350
ุฃู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ plasma ุดุบู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ plasma
128
00:11:23,350 --> 00:11:28,770
ู…ูƒุงู† ุชูˆุงุฌุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ plasma ูŠุจู‚ู‰ plasma is
129
00:11:28,770 --> 00:11:34,100
normal site of action ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ plasmaุงู„ู€
130
00:11:34,100 --> 00:11:37,340
Concentration ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ greater than in most
131
00:11:37,340 --> 00:11:42,200
tissues ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†
132
00:11:42,200 --> 00:11:46,560
ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุชุตู†ุน ู…ู†
133
00:11:46,560 --> 00:11:51,980
ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ liver ูˆุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุฃู†
134
00:11:51,980 --> 00:11:55,260
ุงู„ูƒู„ู†ุณุชูŠุฑูŠุฒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
135
00:11:55,260 --> 00:12:01,060
ุงู„ูˆุงู„ุซุฑูˆู…ุจูŠู†ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ
136
00:12:01,060 --> 00:12:06,540
ุฃุนู„ู‰ concentration ู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุดุบู„ู‡ุง ููŠ
137
00:12:06,540 --> 00:12:10,220
ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู‡ูŠ non
138
00:12:10,220 --> 00:12:15,760
-plasma specific enzymes ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู…ุง ู„ู‡ุงุด ุฃูŠ
139
00:12:15,760 --> 00:12:21,290
ุนู…ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉูŠุจู‚ู‰ they have no known
140
00:12:21,290 --> 00:12:25,050
physiological function in the plasma ู…ุงู„ู‡ุงุด ุฃูŠ
141
00:12:25,050 --> 00:12:29,850
ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ plasma ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตู„ู‡ุง
142
00:12:29,850 --> 00:12:33,850
secretion into the plasma a number of enzymes
143
00:12:33,850 --> 00:12:37,090
associated with cell metabolism normally found in
144
00:12:37,090 --> 00:12:41,510
the plasma only in low concentrations ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู†
145
00:12:41,510 --> 00:12:46,330
ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู†ู‡concentration ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ
146
00:12:46,330 --> 00:12:50,610
ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจุณุจุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ breakdown
147
00:12:50,610 --> 00:12:55,170
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ tissues ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
148
00:12:55,170 --> 00:12:59,270
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ non-plasma specific enzymes ู…ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡
149
00:12:59,270 --> 00:13:04,930
ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู…ุด ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ููŠ
150
00:13:04,930 --> 00:13:08,210
ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ tissues ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู…
151
00:13:10,070 --> 00:13:14,470
ูˆุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู„ูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจ low
152
00:13:14,470 --> 00:13:19,310
concentrations factors affecting enzyme levels in
153
00:13:19,310 --> 00:13:23,630
the blood ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช in
154
00:13:23,630 --> 00:13:28,450
non specific plasma enzymes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
155
00:13:28,450 --> 00:13:33,650
ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูˆู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุดุบู„ู‡ุง ูˆุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ุงูŠุด
156
00:13:33,650 --> 00:13:36,990
ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ููŠ
157
00:13:36,990 --> 00:13:41,280
ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฏู…ุฃูˆู„ ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ entry of enzymes into the
158
00:13:41,280 --> 00:13:45,220
bloodุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฏุฎูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู„ู„ุฏู…ุŒ ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู†
159
00:13:45,220 --> 00:13:49,540
ุชุฏุฎู„ ู„ู„ุฏู…ุŸ ู…ู…ูƒู† leakage from cellsุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
160
00:13:49,540 --> 00:13:56,140
ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง injury ู„ุนุถูˆ ู…ุนูŠู†ุŒ ูŠุตูŠุฑ injury
161
00:13:56,140 --> 00:14:00,730
ู„ุงู„ liver ู…ุซู„ุงูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุณูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ูˆุช ู„ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู†
162
00:14:00,730 --> 00:14:04,010
ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ liver ูˆ ู‡ุณูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ release ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช
163
00:14:04,010 --> 00:14:07,650
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุฑูุชูุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ concentration ู„ู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช
164
00:14:07,650 --> 00:14:12,130
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ liver ูˆ ู‡ุชุตุจุญ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุทุจุนุง
165
00:14:12,130 --> 00:14:15,710
ุจุฌู‡ุฉ ุฏู‡ factor ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ altered production of
166
00:14:15,710 --> 00:14:21,030
enzymes ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
167
00:14:21,030 --> 00:14:24,790
ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุฒูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ increase
168
00:14:24,790 --> 00:14:28,800
osteoplastic activityresults in increase in
169
00:14:28,800 --> 00:14:35,020
enzymes in bone disease ูŠุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุฑุถ ูŠุชุนู„ู‚
170
00:14:35,020 --> 00:14:41,020
ุจุงู„ุนุธุงู… ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู…ุตุงุญุจ ู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ osteoplastic
171
00:14:41,020 --> 00:14:47,360
activity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ู„ู„ุนุธุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
172
00:14:47,360 --> 00:14:53,100
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ ALB ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…
173
00:14:54,710 --> 00:14:57,730
ุชู…ุงู…ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ leakage from cells ุฃูˆ altered production
174
00:14:57,730 --> 00:15:03,090
of enzymes ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ enzyme
175
00:15:03,090 --> 00:15:06,050
concentration in the blood ู‡ูˆ clearance of enzymes
176
00:15:06,050 --> 00:15:10,690
ุงู„ half-life ู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ูˆ ุงู„ half-life vary from
177
00:15:10,690 --> 00:15:15,030
few hours to several days ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุฃู† ุงู„
178
00:15:15,030 --> 00:15:21,750
half-life ู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„
179
00:15:21,750 --> 00:15:26,680
concentrationุฃุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… Factors that influence
180
00:15:26,680 --> 00:15:29,900
enzymatic reactions ุงู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
181
00:15:29,900 --> 00:15:36,420
ุชุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุชุญููŠุฒู‡ุง
182
00:15:36,420 --> 00:15:40,100
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ substrate concentration ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
183
00:15:40,100 --> 00:15:48,260
concentration ู„ู„ู…ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
184
00:15:48,260 --> 00:15:55,550
enzymatic reactionุงู„ enzyme concentration ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
185
00:15:55,550 --> 00:15:59,870
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ
186
00:15:59,870 --> 00:16:06,430
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุชุญููŠุฒ ูˆ ุงู„ product ุฃูŠุถุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ pH ุจุฑุถู‡
187
00:16:06,430 --> 00:16:11,770
ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ enzyme ูˆ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฃูŠุถุง ู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ enzyme
188
00:16:11,770 --> 00:16:17,810
ู„ู‡ optimumุจุฃุชุด ูˆ optimum temperature ุฃูุถู„ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
189
00:16:17,810 --> 00:16:21,950
ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ูˆ ุฃูุถู„ pH ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡
190
00:16:21,950 --> 00:16:25,190
ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
191
00:16:25,190 --> 00:16:28,870
enzymatic reaction ุงู„ cofactors ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡
192
00:16:28,870 --> 00:16:35,910
ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ cofactors ู„ู„ุนู…ู„ ูˆูˆุฌูˆุฏ
193
00:16:35,910 --> 00:16:42,950
inhibitors ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุชุจูŠุฏ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ
194
00:16:42,950 --> 00:16:47,650
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ enzymatic reactions ุงู„ุขู† measuring enzyme
195
00:16:47,650 --> 00:16:51,410
activity enzymes are usually present in very small
196
00:16:51,410 --> 00:16:56,350
quantities in biologic fluids and often difficult
197
00:16:56,350 --> 00:17:00,970
to isolate from similar compoundsู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุฃู†
198
00:17:00,970 --> 00:17:05,410
ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจ concentration ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุตุนุจ ุฃู†ู‡
199
00:17:05,410 --> 00:17:11,010
ู†ูุตู„ู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ู„ plasma ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ูƒูŠู
200
00:17:11,010 --> 00:17:16,870
ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูŠุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุชู… ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ุง
201
00:17:16,870 --> 00:17:25,570
ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูŠุชู… ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
202
00:17:25,570 --> 00:17:31,000
ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠุงู…ุงุช ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
203
00:17:31,000 --> 00:17:37,140
ู„ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒุชุงู„ูŠุชูƒ ู†ุญู† ู„ุง ู†ู‚ูŠุต ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠุงู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
204
00:17:37,140 --> 00:17:46,860
ู†ุญู† ู†ู‚ูŠุต ุงู„ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ูƒุชุงู„ูŠุชูƒ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„
205
00:17:46,860 --> 00:17:55,200
ูƒุชุงู„ูŠุชูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุนู„ูŠุง ุจู†ู‚ูŠุต ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู… ุนู…ู„ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠุจู‚ู‰
206
00:17:55,200 --> 00:18:00,360
ุจู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู†ุง ู„ูˆ ููŠ
207
00:18:00,360 --> 00:18:07,580
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชูุงุนู„ A ุฒุงุฆุฏ B ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ C ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู†ุฒูŠู… X ูŠุจู‚ู‰
208
00:18:07,580 --> 00:18:15,580
ุฃู†ุง ุจุฌูŠุด ุจู‚ูŠุณ ุงู†ุฒูŠู… X ูŠุฏุงุด ูƒู…ูŠุชู‡ ู„ุฃ ุจุงุฌูŠ ุจู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„
209
00:18:15,580 --> 00:18:22,340
product ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ C ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„
210
00:18:22,340 --> 00:18:29,600
product ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ุฏูŠ Cุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุญุฏุฏ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†
211
00:18:29,600 --> 00:18:36,300
ุนู†ุฏู‰ C ุงู„ concentration ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ enzyme
212
00:18:36,300 --> 00:18:40,200
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ concentration ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุน
213
00:18:40,200 --> 00:18:46,130
ุชุซุจูŠุช ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุซุจุชูŠู† ุงู„
214
00:18:46,130 --> 00:18:49,090
substrate concentration ู…ุซุจุชูŠู† ุงู„ temperature
215
00:18:49,090 --> 00:18:53,510
ู…ุซุจุชูŠู† ุงู„ pH ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ inhibitors ุงู„ cofactors
216
00:18:53,510 --> 00:19:00,710
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ enzyme ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุทุจุนุง ูˆ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„
217
00:19:00,710 --> 00:19:04,170
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ูƒู„ ู…ู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ุฏูŠ product ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช
218
00:19:04,170 --> 00:19:09,770
ู…ุญุฏุฏ C ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ enzyme ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
219
00:19:10,080 --> 00:19:13,960
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ sample action ูŠุจู‚ู‰ we measure how much work
220
00:19:13,960 --> 00:19:19,300
it performs ู…ู† ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…
221
00:19:19,300 --> 00:19:23,660
ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ุฅู„ู‰ product that
222
00:19:23,660 --> 00:19:25,840
means the rate at which it catalyzes the
223
00:19:25,840 --> 00:19:30,700
conversion of substrate to a product ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู†
224
00:19:30,700 --> 00:19:33,380
enzymatic activity is a reflection of its
225
00:19:33,380 --> 00:19:37,840
concentration ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…
226
00:19:38,890 --> 00:19:45,590
ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ูŠุฉ
227
00:19:45,590 --> 00:19:50,090
ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ูŠุฉ
228
00:19:50,090 --> 00:19:55,020
ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ูŠุฉูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุงูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงูƒุจุฑ
229
00:19:55,020 --> 00:19:59,580
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠู†ุชุฌ ู„ู†ุง product ุงูƒุจุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ activity
230
00:19:59,580 --> 00:20:04,900
is proportional to concentration ุงู„ activity
231
00:20:04,900 --> 00:20:08,460
directly proportional to concentration ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช
232
00:20:08,460 --> 00:20:13,840
ุงู„ concentration ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‡ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ activity ู„ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู†
233
00:20:13,840 --> 00:20:19,510
ุทูŠุจ ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ activity ู„ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู†ุŸู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
234
00:20:19,510 --> 00:20:24,110
ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ product ุทูŠุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
235
00:20:24,110 --> 00:20:27,990
ู†ู‚ูŠุต ุงู„ activity ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
236
00:20:27,990 --> 00:20:36,990
product ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠุด ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
237
00:20:36,990 --> 00:20:45,870
ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ุงุดูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ
238
00:20:45,870 --> 00:20:50,630
ุงู„ .. ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช
239
00:20:50,630 --> 00:20:53,690
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌุด ุชูุงุนู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญุชุงุฌ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุชูุงุนู„
240
00:20:53,690 --> 00:20:59,170
ุนุดุงู† ุจุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู†ุตู„ ู„ุฅูŠุด ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูˆูู†ุง ู„ู…ุง
241
00:20:59,170 --> 00:21:04,650
ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุงุชูŠู†ูŠู† ูˆุดูˆูู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุงุช
242
00:21:04,650 --> 00:21:09,770
ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ู… ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ุฅูŠุด
243
00:21:09,770 --> 00:21:16,240
ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ู…ู† ุฃูˆู„ ุชูุงุนู„ููŠ ุดุบู„ุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู†
244
00:21:16,240 --> 00:21:21,180
ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู†ูƒุชููŠ ุจุชูุงุนู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ุชูุงุนู„
245
00:21:21,180 --> 00:21:24,580
ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุงูƒุงู†ุด ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุถุทุฑ ู†ุฑูˆุญ
246
00:21:24,580 --> 00:21:27,700
ู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ุฅูŠุด ู…ู…ูƒู†
247
00:21:27,700 --> 00:21:32,620
ู†ู‚ูŠุณู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุชุงู„ุช ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ increase
248
00:21:32,620 --> 00:21:37,060
of product ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฃู† ุฅุฐุง ุฅุชุจูŠู‡ ููŠ
249
00:21:37,060 --> 00:21:43,100
ูˆุฌูˆุฏ enzyme X ุฅุนุทุงู†ูŠ C ูˆููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุง ู†ุงุฏ ุงุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰
250
00:21:43,100 --> 00:21:51,080
ู†ุงุฏ HูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† C ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
251
00:21:51,080 --> 00:21:56,360
ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ู‚ูŠุต increase in product ูˆ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ
252
00:21:56,360 --> 00:22:01,480
ุงู„ product ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ enzyme ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
253
00:22:01,480 --> 00:22:06,540
ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุดุบู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ูŠุต decrease of
254
00:22:06,540 --> 00:22:11,940
substrateู…ุฑุงุช ุงู„ู€ Substrate ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
255
00:22:11,940 --> 00:22:15,740
ููŠ ู„ู„ substrate maximum absorbance ุนู†ุฏ wavelengths
256
00:22:15,740 --> 00:22:20,380
ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„
257
00:22:20,380 --> 00:22:24,120
substrate ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŸ
258
00:22:24,120 --> 00:22:27,400
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ุต ุจุงู„ substrate ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
259
00:22:27,400 --> 00:22:30,800
ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู‡ุงู† A ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู‡ุง wavelengths ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ maximum
260
00:22:30,800 --> 00:22:33,820
absorbance ุนู†ุฏ wavelengths ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ูŠุณู‡ุง
261
00:22:33,820 --> 00:22:39,260
ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ spectrophotometer ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุขู†A ู…ุน B ููŠ
262
00:22:39,260 --> 00:22:45,000
ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ enzyme ู‡ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ C ู‡ูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ู†ุง ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ
263
00:22:45,000 --> 00:22:50,780
ููŠ ุงู„ concentration ู„ A ุทุจุนุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุงู† ุฌุฏุงุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
264
00:22:50,780 --> 00:22:56,460
ุฃู†ุฒูŠู… ุฌุฏุงุด ู‡ุชู†ุฎูุถ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ concentration ู„ A ูŠุจู‚ู‰
265
00:22:56,460 --> 00:23:01,660
decrease of substrate ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู‡ูˆ decrease of
266
00:23:01,660 --> 00:23:08,870
coenzyme ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุงู„ู†ุงุฏ ุงุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู†ุงุฏ ุงุชุด
267
00:23:08,870 --> 00:23:14,530
ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง increase of altered
268
00:23:14,530 --> 00:23:17,850
coenzyme ู„ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
269
00:23:17,850 --> 00:23:23,270
ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุฏ ุงุชุด ุงู„ู†ุงุฏ ุงุชุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง maximum
270
00:23:23,270 --> 00:23:30,360
absorbance ุนู„ู‰ 340 ู†ุงู†ูˆู…ุชุฑุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† A ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ B ููŠ
271
00:23:30,360 --> 00:23:33,560
ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ูˆูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€ C ุงู„ู€ NAD ู‡ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ NADH
272
00:23:33,560 --> 00:23:40,500
ุจุญูŠุซ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ increase of coenzyme ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุทุจุนุง
273
00:23:40,500 --> 00:23:44,540
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
274
00:23:44,540 --> 00:23:51,580
coenzyme ุฃูˆ decrease of coenzyme ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุฅู† ูƒุงู†
275
00:23:51,580 --> 00:23:57,940
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ NADH ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูˆู„ ู„NADูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุงู†ู‡
276
00:23:57,940 --> 00:24:02,780
ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงุฏ ุฃุชุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู†ุงุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
277
00:24:02,780 --> 00:24:07,080
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง decrease of coenzyme ู„ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง
278
00:24:07,080 --> 00:24:13,140
ุจุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุฏ ุฃุชุด ุงู„ concentration ุนุงู„ูŠุฉูˆ ู…ุน ุชุญูˆู„
279
00:24:13,140 --> 00:24:17,720
A ุฅู„ู‰ B ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ enzyme ูˆ ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ C ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
280
00:24:17,720 --> 00:24:21,860
ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ู…ู† NADH ุฅู„ู‰ NAD ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
281
00:24:21,860 --> 00:24:26,880
ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูƒู† ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูุงุนู„ ุขุฎุฑ
282
00:24:26,880 --> 00:24:30,980
ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุงู„ู€ NADH ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ููŠ ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ
283
00:24:30,980 --> 00:24:39,170
ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ NADH ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ NADุทุจุนุง
284
00:24:39,170 --> 00:24:42,310
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงุฏ ุฃุฏุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู†ุงุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
285
00:24:42,310 --> 00:24:47,270
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง decrease of coenzyme ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุฏ
286
00:24:47,270 --> 00:24:50,290
ุจุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู†ุงุฏ ุฃุฏุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง increase of altered
287
00:24:50,290 --> 00:24:55,190
coenzyme ุงู„ substrate and coenzyme are in excess
288
00:24:55,190 --> 00:24:58,530
concentration the reaction rate is controlled by
289
00:24:58,530 --> 00:25:03,770
the enzyme activity ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†
290
00:25:03,770 --> 00:25:10,680
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุชูุงุฆู„ุงุชูˆุงู„ู€ Coenzyme ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู„ุฒู… ู„ู„ุชูุงุนู„
291
00:25:10,680 --> 00:25:14,900
ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† in excess concentration ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„
292
00:25:14,900 --> 00:25:20,140
concentration ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุฅูŠุด ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
293
00:25:20,140 --> 00:25:24,740
ุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ู ูู‚ุท ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ enzyme
294
00:25:24,740 --> 00:25:30,980
concentrationูˆ ุงู„ substrate ูˆ ุงู„ enzyme ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†
295
00:25:30,980 --> 00:25:34,140
ุงู„ concentration ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ู… ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏุงุด ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
296
00:25:34,140 --> 00:25:39,940
ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุญุฏุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุชุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุทู„ุน ุทุจุนุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
297
00:25:39,940 --> 00:25:45,560
ุงู†ุง ู„ูˆ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ substrate ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„
298
00:25:45,560 --> 00:25:50,950
sample ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ enzyme ุจ concentration ุนุงู„ูŠุฉูˆ
299
00:25:50,950 --> 00:25:57,090
ุงู†ุง ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุงุถูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ reagent ูˆ ุงุถูŠู
300
00:25:57,090 --> 00:26:02,210
ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ sample ุจุนู…ู„ incubation ุนุดุฑ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุทุจ ุงู„ุขู†
301
00:26:02,210 --> 00:26:05,270
ู„ูˆ ุงู„ substrate ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุฃูˆู„ ุฎู…ุณ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„
302
00:26:05,270 --> 00:26:09,230
substrate ุชุฎู„ุต ุทุจ ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณ ุฏู‚ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ enzyme
303
00:26:09,230 --> 00:26:14,790
ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุดุชุบู„ ุจุฌู‡ุงู†ุง ุงู„ substrate ุญุฏุฏุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
304
00:26:14,790 --> 00:26:17,450
ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠู‡ ูŠุณูŠู„ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ substrate
305
00:26:17,450 --> 00:26:23,540
ูˆ ุงู„ co enzyme ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุงin excess ุจุฏู†ุงุด ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
306
00:26:23,540 --> 00:26:29,320
ูŠุญุฏุฏูˆุง ูƒูŠู ุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ุชูุนู„ ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ enzyme ูู‚ุท ูˆุฌุฏุงุด
307
00:26:29,320 --> 00:26:33,340
ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ enzyme ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ sample ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
308
00:26:33,340 --> 00:26:38,560
ุงุชุญุฏุฏ ุฌุฏุงุด ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ product ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠู†ุชูˆุฌ ุนู„ู†ุง ุฃูˆ
309
00:26:38,560 --> 00:26:42,820
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
310
00:26:43,120 --> 00:26:48,360
ุทุจุนุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู† ุงู„ู†ุงุฏ H ุจู…ุชุตู„ุฉ
311
00:26:48,360 --> 00:26:53,440
ุงู„ู€340 ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู†ุงุฏ does not ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช
312
00:26:53,440 --> 00:26:57,960
ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆุดูˆูู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ูุนู„ูŠุง ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุชูุงุนู„ุงุช ุฒูŠ
313
00:26:57,960 --> 00:27:02,200
ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ุจู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€Non-protein nitrogen compounds