| 1 | |
| 00:00:13,160 --> 00:00:14,560 | |
| Bismillahirrahmanirrahim | |
| 2 | |
| 00:00:16,740 --> 00:00:19,340 | |
| Today we are going to continue with infinitive and | |
| 3 | |
| 00:00:19,340 --> 00:00:22,360 | |
| gerund in English plus covert and overt derived | |
| 4 | |
| 00:00:22,360 --> 00:00:26,860 | |
| nominal in Arabic. Regarding the gerund and | |
| 5 | |
| 00:00:26,860 --> 00:00:31,340 | |
| infinitive in English, we see that the gerund can | |
| 6 | |
| 00:00:31,340 --> 00:00:35,620 | |
| stand as a subject in the sentence. So you have | |
| 7 | |
| 00:00:35,620 --> 00:00:39,640 | |
| these two sentences, eating too much food is not | |
| 8 | |
| 00:00:39,640 --> 00:00:43,580 | |
| good for your health. Playing basketball is very | |
| 9 | |
| 00:00:43,580 --> 00:00:50,910 | |
| fun. Eating, playing, they stand as subjects. If you | |
| 10 | |
| 00:00:50,910 --> 00:00:54,350 | |
| we use also infinitive after noun, in this, after | |
| 11 | |
| 00:00:54,350 --> 00:00:56,550 | |
| the noun in the sentence. It's not good for your | |
| 12 | |
| 00:00:56,550 --> 00:01:02,610 | |
| health to eat too much fast food. So we have the | |
| 13 | |
| 00:01:02,610 --> 00:01:06,930 | |
| infinitive directly follows the noun in the | |
| 14 | |
| 00:01:06,930 --> 00:01:10,450 | |
| sentence. As it appears in this sentence, it's not | |
| 15 | |
| 00:01:10,450 --> 00:01:13,670 | |
| good for your health to eat too much fast food. | |
| 16 | |
| 00:01:14,350 --> 00:01:18,310 | |
| It's very fun to play basketball. So we have fun, | |
| 17 | |
| 00:01:18,430 --> 00:01:21,790 | |
| we have health. They are followed by infinitive as | |
| 18 | |
| 00:01:21,790 --> 00:01:25,730 | |
| you see. We use gerund directly after the | |
| 19 | |
| 00:01:25,730 --> 00:01:29,730 | |
| preposition. I'm tired of doing the same thing | |
| 20 | |
| 00:01:29,730 --> 00:01:33,470 | |
| over and over again every day. They are excited | |
| 21 | |
| 00:01:33,470 --> 00:01:37,490 | |
| about attending the meeting tomorrow. So we have | |
| 22 | |
| 00:01:39,040 --> 00:01:45,700 | |
| of doing, about attending. I'm looking forward to | |
| 23 | |
| 00:01:45,700 --> 00:01:50,840 | |
| hearing from you soon. She's used to driving at | |
| 24 | |
| 00:01:50,840 --> 00:01:57,120 | |
| night. Is Mr used to plus the verb plus ing, and | |
| 25 | |
| 00:01:57,120 --> 00:02:02,140 | |
| this means gerund. It means يعتاد على, present | |
| 26 | |
| 00:02:02,140 --> 00:02:08,020 | |
| custom, however having used plus infinitive, this | |
| 27 | |
| 00:02:08,020 --> 00:02:13,300 | |
| refers to habit in the past, يعتاد على. So if you | |
| 28 | |
| 00:02:13,300 --> 00:02:16,440 | |
| have the verb to be plus used to, it is directly | |
| 29 | |
| 00:02:16,440 --> 00:02:22,480 | |
| followed by gerund, we | |
| 30 | |
| 00:02:22,480 --> 00:02:26,380 | |
| have infinitive which is directly used after the | |
| 31 | |
| 00:02:26,380 --> 00:02:30,280 | |
| adjective. I was surprised to see her at the party | |
| 32 | |
| 00:02:30,280 --> 00:02:33,740 | |
| yesterday. They were anxious to meet with | |
| 33 | |
| 00:02:33,740 --> 00:02:38,480 | |
| President this weekend. I'm glad to meet you. So | |
| 34 | |
| 00:02:38,480 --> 00:02:43,620 | |
| we have surprised, anxious, glad. They are | |
| 35 | |
| 00:02:43,620 --> 00:02:47,980 | |
| directly followed by infinitives. We also have the | |
| 36 | |
| 00:02:47,980 --> 00:02:51,740 | |
| infinitive used after certain nouns. I still have | |
| 37 | |
| 00:02:51,740 --> 00:02:55,160 | |
| a little time to talk with you tonight. They have | |
| 38 | |
| 00:02:55,160 --> 00:03:00,310 | |
| a lot of books to read for the reading class. He | |
| 39 | |
| 00:03:00,310 --> 00:03:03,150 | |
| doesn't have permission to use the lab computers. | |
| 40 | |
| 00:03:03,890 --> 00:03:07,170 | |
| So we have time, books, permissions that are | |
| 41 | |
| 00:03:07,170 --> 00:03:09,710 | |
| followed by infinitive, as you see. | |
| 42 | |
| 00:03:12,810 --> 00:03:17,110 | |
| The infinitive expresses purpose. Okay, so if | |
| 43 | |
| 00:03:17,110 --> 00:03:19,950 | |
| there'd be a purpose in the sentence, clause of | |
| 44 | |
| 00:03:19,950 --> 00:03:25,030 | |
| purpose, then we use the infinitive. I came here | |
| 45 | |
| 00:03:25,030 --> 00:03:29,130 | |
| in order to study, or to study English. | |
| 46 | |
| 00:03:35,110 --> 00:03:39,190 | |
| We use the particle, the negative particle not | |
| 47 | |
| 00:03:39,190 --> 00:03:43,510 | |
| before the gerund, or even before the infinitive to | |
| 48 | |
| 00:03:43,510 --> 00:03:47,550 | |
| come out with negative sentence. Not doing your | |
| 49 | |
| 00:03:47,550 --> 00:03:51,230 | |
| homework is a big mistake. She was angry about not | |
| 50 | |
| 00:03:51,230 --> 00:03:54,750 | |
| being invited to the reception. I decided not to | |
| 51 | |
| 00:03:54,750 --> 00:03:59,380 | |
| go there tomorrow. Try not to be late. So as you | |
| 52 | |
| 00:03:59,380 --> 00:04:02,180 | |
| see, the particle, the negative particle not | |
| 53 | |
| 00:04:02,180 --> 00:04:05,360 | |
| precedes the gerund, and also the infinitive. | |
| 54 | |
| 00:04:09,020 --> 00:04:14,160 | |
| We spoke about hypothetical verbs, verbs to happen | |
| 55 | |
| 00:04:14,160 --> 00:04:19,620 | |
| in future. This is followed by the infinitive as | |
| 56 | |
| 00:04:19,620 --> 00:04:24,210 | |
| you know. This is forward-oriented verbs. He told | |
| 57 | |
| 00:04:24,210 --> 00:04:28,490 | |
| us to stay home. I want you to be the best student | |
| 58 | |
| 00:04:28,490 --> 00:04:31,970 | |
| in the class. She advised me not to take such a | |
| 59 | |
| 00:04:31,970 --> 00:04:35,050 | |
| risk. So all the actions in these sentences refer | |
| 60 | |
| 00:04:35,050 --> 00:04:42,080 | |
| to future actions. The verbs are forward, oriented | |
| 61 | |
| 00:04:42,080 --> 00:04:45,580 | |
| verbs. This is the fourth category of the four | |
| 62 | |
| 00:04:45,580 --> 00:04:49,420 | |
| categories of the verbs which accept gerund and | |
| 63 | |
| 00:04:49,420 --> 00:04:52,680 | |
| infinitive. We spoke about the emotive verbs, the | |
| 64 | |
| 00:04:52,680 --> 00:04:56,400 | |
| aspectual verbs, the reactive verbs, and the | |
| 65 | |
| 00:04:56,400 --> 00:04:57,940 | |
| forward-oriented verbs. | |
| 66 | |
| 00:05:01,200 --> 00:05:06,340 | |
| Also, use the gerund after the possessive pronouns. | |
| 67 | |
| 00:05:06,720 --> 00:05:10,580 | |
| I appreciate your inviting me to the party. We are | |
| 68 | |
| 00:05:10,580 --> 00:05:14,280 | |
| proud of Mary's winning the first place in the | |
| 69 | |
| 00:05:14,280 --> 00:05:14,580 | |
| race. | |
| 70 | |
| 00:05:18,220 --> 00:05:18,760 | |
| Okay. | |
| 71 | |
| 00:05:22,440 --> 00:05:27,860 | |
| So this is the complete explanation of the use of | |
| 72 | |
| 00:05:27,860 --> 00:05:32,280 | |
| infinitive and gerund in English. In Arabic, we | |
| 73 | |
| 00:05:32,280 --> 00:05:37,900 | |
| spoke about the modified derived nominal, and overt | |
| 74 | |
| 00:05:37,900 --> 00:05:43,940 | |
| derived nominal. وحب أن أشرب الشاي وحب شرب الشاي | |
| 75 | |
| 00:05:43,940 --> 00:05:48,840 | |
| This is covert derived nominal. وحب شرب الشاي This | |
| 76 | |
| 00:05:48,840 --> 00:05:52,980 | |
| is overt derived nominal. We've seen that we have | |
| 77 | |
| 00:05:52,980 --> 00:05:57,440 | |
| big difference between these constructions in | |
| 78 | |
| 00:05:57,440 --> 00:06:01,410 | |
| English and Arabic. So the reactive verbs of | |
| 79 | |
| 00:06:01,410 --> 00:06:05,970 | |
| Arabic, the emotive verbs of Arabic, are the same | |
| 80 | |
| 00:06:05,970 --> 00:06:09,890 | |
| like English. They accept both overt and covert | |
| 81 | |
| 00:06:09,890 --> 00:06:12,810 | |
| derived nominal. However, the aspectual verbs, | |
| 82 | |
| 00:06:15,850 --> 00:06:20,870 | |
| this is in English, in English. What about Arabic? | |
| 83 | |
| 00:06:29,020 --> 00:06:32,520 | |
| They accept only modified derived nominal or | |
| 84 | |
| 00:06:32,520 --> 00:06:35,360 | |
| covert derived nominal. What about reactive verbs | |
| 85 | |
| 00:06:35,360 --> 00:06:39,640 | |
| in English? They accept only gerund. However, in | |
| 86 | |
| 00:06:39,640 --> 00:06:43,540 | |
| Arabic, both. The forward-oriented verbs. | |
| 87 | |
| 00:06:48,080 --> 00:06:51,000 | |
| In English, they accept only infinitive. However, | |
| 88 | |
| 00:06:51,160 --> 00:06:55,120 | |
| in Arabic, they accept both. So you have to take | |
| 89 | |
| 00:06:55,120 --> 00:06:59,150 | |
| care once you translate. Once you translate, it is | |
| 90 | |
| 00:06:59,150 --> 00:07:02,590 | |
| not necessarily to translate literally every | |
| 91 | |
| 00:07:02,590 --> 00:07:05,710 | |
| single word. You have to consider the structure of | |
| 92 | |
| 00:07:05,710 --> 00:07:09,890 | |
| infinitive and to see the difference. This means | |
| 93 | |
| 00:07:09,890 --> 00:07:13,090 | |
| that you have to consider the meaning or the | |
| 94 | |
| 00:07:13,090 --> 00:07:16,610 | |
| meaning of the verb itself and its syntactic | |
| 95 | |
| 00:07:16,610 --> 00:07:21,030 | |
| capacity, whether it accepts infinitive or gerund. | |
| 96 | |
| 00:07:22,670 --> 00:07:27,340 | |
| Return to the verbs, in Arabic, whether the | |
| 97 | |
| 00:07:27,340 --> 00:07:31,380 | |
| translated verb accepts overt derived nominal or | |
| 98 | |
| 00:07:31,380 --> 00:07:36,220 | |
| covert derived nominal, okay. I need to terminate | |
| 99 | |
| 00:07:36,220 --> 00:07:39,900 | |
| here in order to give you a quiz just now, about or | |
| 100 | |
| 00:07:39,900 --> 00:07:44,260 | |
| on the use of infinitive and gerund in English. | |
| 101 | |
| 00:07:44,260 --> 00:07:47,900 | |
| Okay. That's it. Thank you. | |