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1
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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู†ุณุชูƒู…ู„ ู…ุน ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช
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ูˆู…ุน enzymes part two ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ุณู†ุณุชุนุฑุถ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู†
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ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุณุฑูŠุฑูŠู‹ุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…
4
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ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ุงู„ุงู†ูŠู† amino transferase ูˆูŠุฎุชุตุฑ ALT ูŠูˆุฌุฏ
5
00:00:32,360 --> 00:00:37,480
ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…
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00:00:37,480 --> 00:00:44,180
ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ SGPT ูˆGPT ูˆุงู„ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ SGPT
7
00:00:44,180 --> 00:00:49,920
ู„ุฅุฌู„ูˆุชุงู…ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุฑูˆููŠูƒ ุชุฑุงู†ุณ ุฃู…ูŠู†ุงุฒ
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00:00:49,920 --> 00:00:57,710
ูˆGPT ู„ุฅุฌู„ูˆุชุงู…ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุฑูˆููŠูƒ ุชุฑุงู†ุณ ุฃู…ูŠู†ุงุฒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุฃู†ุง
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ุณุงุจู‚ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ู€ AST ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ
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Transferase with enzymatic activity similar to AST
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ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ู„ amino group ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูˆ ุงู„ู€ amino
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group ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุฏูŠ ุจูŠู†ู‚ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู†ูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ alpha
13
00:01:20,230 --> 00:01:26,080
-ketoglutarate ูˆุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจูŠุฑูˆููŠุช ุฒุงุฆุฏ
14
00:01:26,080 --> 00:01:36,040
ุฅุฌู„ูˆุชุงู…ูŠุช ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง
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00:01:36,040 --> 00:01:42,120
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ pyridoxal phosphate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ูƒูˆูŠู†ุฒุงูŠู…
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ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ุขู† ุฃูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุจู€
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concentrations ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ heartุŒ ุงู„ู€ liver ูˆ
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00:01:52,770 --> 00:01:58,670
ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ skeletal muscle ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ enzyme ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
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00:01:58,670 --> 00:02:03,550
ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ AST ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ liver function
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test ูˆ primarily associated with liver disease
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00:02:10,170 --> 00:02:16,230
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ู…ุฑุชูุน ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ูƒุจุฏ
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00:02:18,310 --> 00:02:22,070
ูˆุงู„ู€ ALT was considered the more liver specific
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00:02:22,070 --> 00:02:29,650
enzyme of the transferases ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ูˆูŠุนุชุจุฑ
24
00:02:29,650 --> 00:02:35,130
more specific ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ู‚ุงุฑู†ุงู‡ ุจุงู„ู€ AST ู„ู„ู€ liver
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00:02:35,130 --> 00:02:38,370
injury ุฃูˆ liver diseases
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00:02:42,230 --> 00:02:46,250
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ diagnostic significance ุฃู† higher
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elevations are found in hepatocellular disorders
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00:02:50,470 --> 00:02:57,190
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ
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00:02:57,190 --> 00:03:01,730
ุจุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ู€ hepatocytes ุนุดุงู†
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00:03:01,730 --> 00:03:07,880
ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง hepatocellular disorders than in extra
31
00:03:07,880 --> 00:03:12,520
-hepatic or intra-hepatic obstructive disorders
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00:03:12,520 --> 00:03:16,660
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
33
00:03:16,660 --> 00:03:21,440
ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจุงู„ู€ ALT ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
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00:03:21,440 --> 00:03:27,320
ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฒูŠ
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00:03:27,320 --> 00:03:32,040
ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ููŠ figure ูƒู…ุงู† ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃูˆุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ
36
00:03:32,040 --> 00:03:35,940
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ sinusoids ุฃูˆ ุจุชุชุนู„ู‚
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00:03:35,940 --> 00:03:44,680
ุจุงู„ู…ู…ุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ุนุตุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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00:03:44,680 --> 00:03:53,100
ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… In
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00:03:53,100 --> 00:03:57,740
acute inflammatory conditions of the liver ALT
40
00:03:57,740 --> 00:04:01,580
elevations are frequently higher than those of AST
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00:04:01,580 --> 00:04:06,600
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฅุฐุง ู‚ุงุฑู†ู†ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุทุจุนู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช
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00:04:06,600 --> 00:04:11,980
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€ liver AST ูˆุงู„ู€ ALT ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
43
00:04:11,980 --> 00:04:16,780
ู…ุฑุชูุนูŠู† ู„ูƒู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ ALT ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ concentration
44
00:04:16,780 --> 00:04:25,570
ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ AST ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ ALT ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€
45
00:04:25,570 --> 00:04:30,470
half-life ู„ู‡ุง ุฃุทูˆู„ ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ู€ half-life ู„ู„ู€ ALT ุฃุทูˆู„
46
00:04:30,470 --> 00:04:36,130
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุตู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ clearance ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ serum ุจุชุงุฎุฏ
47
00:04:36,130 --> 00:04:42,770
ูˆู‚ุชู‹ุง ุฃุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุขู†
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00:04:42,770 --> 00:04:47,530
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
49
00:04:47,530 --> 00:04:53,590
concentration ุฃูˆ ู†ุณุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ALT ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ู„ูƒู† ุนุงุฏุฉ
50
00:04:53,590 --> 00:04:57,810
Cardiac tissue contains a small amount of ALT
51
00:04:57,810 --> 00:05:02,150
activity ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ serum level usually remains
52
00:05:02,150 --> 00:05:06,630
normal in acute myocardial infarction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุญุชู‰
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00:05:06,630 --> 00:05:10,390
ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฌู„ุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ
54
00:05:10,390 --> 00:05:16,990
ุงู„ู€ concentration ู„ู„ู€ ALT ุจุงู„ู€ serum ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡
55
00:05:16,990 --> 00:05:19,610
ุจุชุฑุชูุนุด ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธ
56
00:05:22,900 --> 00:05:28,320
ุงู„ู€ ALT Enzyme Activity ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Typical Assay
57
00:05:28,320 --> 00:05:33,940
ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุจุฑุถู‡ coupled enzymatic reaction ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง
58
00:05:33,940 --> 00:05:38,280
ุจุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ catalyst ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
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00:05:38,280 --> 00:05:42,600
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ALT Enzyme ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชูุงุนู„ ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
60
00:05:42,600 --> 00:05:48,530
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ lactate dehydrogenase ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ู†
61
00:05:48,530 --> 00:05:54,090
ุจุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ NADH ุจุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ NAD ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
62
00:05:54,090 --> 00:05:59,290
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชู… ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ decrease ููŠ ุงู„ู€ absorbance
63
00:05:59,290 --> 00:06:05,050
ุนู„ู‰ 340 ู†ุงู†ูˆู…ุชุฑ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ NADH ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุชู… ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ู‡ูˆ
64
00:06:05,050 --> 00:06:12,210
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ maximum absorbance ุนู„ู‰ 340 ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
65
00:06:12,730 --> 00:06:15,930
ุจุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Pyruvate ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ NADH ุจุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰
66
00:06:15,930 --> 00:06:22,330
Lactate ูˆ NAD ุชู†ุฎูุถ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Concentration ู„ู€
67
00:06:22,330 --> 00:06:26,930
NADH ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชู‚ู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Absorbance ุนู„ู‰ 340
68
00:06:26,930 --> 00:06:34,050
ู†ุงู†ูˆู…ุชุฑ ุงู„ู€ Reference Interval ู„ู„ู€ ALT ู‡ูˆ 6 ุฅู„ู‰ 37
69
00:06:34,050 --> 00:06:38,710
International Unit per Liter ุนู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ 37
70
00:06:43,940 --> 00:06:51,000
ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู€ Alkaline Phosphatase ูˆุงู„ู€ Alkaline
71
00:06:51,000 --> 00:06:55,100
Phosphatase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุฎุชุตุฑ ุจู€ ALP belongs to a
72
00:06:55,100 --> 00:06:58,640
group of enzymes that catalyze hydrolysis of
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00:06:58,640 --> 00:07:04,760
phosphate monoesters at alkaline pH ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰
74
00:07:04,760 --> 00:07:12,340
ู†ุฒุน phosphate group ูˆู…ู† ุงุณู…ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… alkaline
75
00:07:12,340 --> 00:07:18,390
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุจู€ alkaline pH ูˆPhosphatase ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ู€
76
00:07:18,390 --> 00:07:21,050
Phosphatase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุฒุน
77
00:07:21,050 --> 00:07:26,470
phosphate group ู…ู† ู…ุฑูƒุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ removes inorganic
78
00:07:26,470 --> 00:07:30,350
phosphate from organic phosphate ester and
79
00:07:30,350 --> 00:07:36,070
generates alcohol ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุบู†ูŠุณูŠูˆู…
80
00:07:36,070 --> 00:07:40,730
ูƒู€ activator ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูˆุงุถุญ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ
81
00:07:40,730 --> 00:07:45,590
phosphomonoester ู…ุน ู…ุงุก ูˆููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…
82
00:07:45,590 --> 00:07:49,230
ุงู„ู€ Alkaline Phosphatase ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ pH
83
00:07:49,230 --> 00:07:53,810
ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† 9 ุฅู„ู‰ 10 ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ Alcohol ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
84
00:07:53,810 --> 00:08:01,370
Phosphate Ion ุงู„ู€ Alkaline
85
00:08:01,370 --> 00:08:06,650
Phosphatase ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ on all cell surfaces
86
00:08:09,000 --> 00:08:14,680
ู„ูƒู† ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ concentrations ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ intestineุŒ
87
00:08:14,680 --> 00:08:21,430
liverุŒ bone ูˆุงู„ู€ bone ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ osteoblasts ุงู„ู€
88
00:08:21,430 --> 00:08:24,050
bone ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ osteoblasts ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
89
00:08:24,050 --> 00:08:28,650
ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนุธู… ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ osteoclasts
90
00:08:28,650 --> 00:08:33,710
ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‡ุฏู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ ALP ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
91
00:08:33,710 --> 00:08:38,150
ุจุชุจู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ osteoblasts ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ spleen
92
00:08:38,150 --> 00:08:45,640
ุงู„ุทุญุงู„ placenta ุงู„ู…ุดูŠู…ุฉ ูˆุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
93
00:08:45,640 --> 00:08:49,760
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจูƒู„ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุตุญูŠุฉ ูˆูƒู„
94
00:08:49,760 --> 00:08:51,700
ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูˆูƒู„ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูˆูƒู„
95
00:08:51,700 --> 00:08:52,160
ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูˆูƒู„ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูˆูƒู„
96
00:08:52,160 --> 00:08:57,200
ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูˆูƒู„ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูˆูƒู„
97
00:08:57,200 --> 00:09:01,800
ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูˆูƒู„ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูˆูƒู„
98
00:09:01,800 --> 00:09:04,880
ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูˆูƒู„ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูˆูƒู„
99
00:09:04,880 --> 00:09:08,080
ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูˆูƒู„ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูˆูƒู„
100
00:09:08,080 --> 00:09:12,380
ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูˆูƒู„
101
00:09:12,380 --> 00:09:18,650
ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุตุญูŠุญุฉ ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุงู„ู€ Bile
102
00:09:18,650 --> 00:09:26,550
duct ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงุฑูŠ ุงู„ุนุตุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
103
00:09:26,550 --> 00:09:31,570
ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ
104
00:09:31,570 --> 00:09:36,470
ุงู„ู€ sinusoid ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bile canaliculi ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡
105
00:09:36,470 --> 00:09:41,380
ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ALP ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุชู…
106
00:09:41,380 --> 00:09:45,120
ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุชู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ ALT ู„ุง ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจุงู„ู€
107
00:09:45,120 --> 00:09:48,960
hepatocytes ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ALT ูˆุงู„ู€ AST ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ูŠู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ
108
00:09:48,960 --> 00:09:55,880
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ hepatocytes ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ ALP ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ูˆู…ุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€
109
00:09:55,880 --> 00:10:04,440
bile canaliculi ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ sinusoids ู‡ุฐุง
110
00:10:04,440 --> 00:10:07,480
ุงู„ุฃู†ุฒูŠู… ููŠู‡ ู…ู†ู‡ ุฃูŠุฒูˆ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…
111
00:10:11,720 --> 00:10:14,340
ูˆุงู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Liver, Bone,
112
00:10:14,440 --> 00:10:19,900
Placenta ูˆุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
113
00:10:19,900 --> 00:10:25,200
ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ organs ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูˆูู†ุง ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
114
00:10:25,200 --> 00:10:29,000
ู†ูุตู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ isoenzymes ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€
115
00:10:29,000 --> 00:10:33,420
Electrophoresis ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ liver isoenzyme ูŠุนุชุจุฑ
116
00:10:33,420 --> 00:10:38,250
ุงู„ุฃุณุฑุน ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู€ bone isoenzyme ูˆุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ
117
00:10:38,250 --> 00:10:42,810
ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ู„ู„ู€ placental ูˆุงู„ู€ slowest ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ intestinal
118
00:10:42,810 --> 00:10:48,530
isoenzyme ูŠู…ูƒู† ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ Electrophoresis ุฃูˆ
119
00:10:48,530 --> 00:10:52,190
ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ Immunochemical Methods ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
120
00:10:52,190 --> 00:10:57,010
Antigen Antibody Methods ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
121
00:10:57,010 --> 00:11:01,910
Monoclonal Antibodies ู†ุนู…ู„ Detection ู„ู„ู€
122
00:11:01,910 --> 00:11:06,030
isoenzymes ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุชู… ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุณุงุจู‚ู‹ุง
123
00:11:06,030 --> 00:11:11,250
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ isoenzymes ุจูŠุฎุชู„ููˆุง Immunochemically
124
00:11:11,250 --> 00:11:15,880
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตู„ู‡ู… Detection ุจู€ different
125
00:11:15,880 --> 00:11:22,400
antibodies ุงู„ู€
126
00:11:22,400 --> 00:11:29,420
diagnostic significance ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ููŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
127
00:11:29,420 --> 00:11:32,480
elevations are most diagnostic significance in the
128
00:11:32,480 --> 00:11:35,760
elevations of hepatobiliary and bone disorders
129
00:11:35,760 --> 00:11:43,180
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ุดูƒู„ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู€ ALP ู…ู‡ู… ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ู€
130
00:11:43,180 --> 00:11:50,390
concentration ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู„ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ liver ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
131
00:11:50,390 --> 00:11:55,670
ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง obstructive ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ concentration
132
00:11:55,670 --> 00:12:01,410
ุจุชุฑุชูุน 3 ุฅู„ู‰ 10 upper limit normal ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
133
00:12:01,410 --> 00:12:07,490
ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 3 ุฅู„ู‰ 10 upper limit normal
134
00:12:07,490 --> 00:12:12,270
ุฅุฐุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
135
00:12:12,270 --> 00:12:16,590
Obstructive ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ููŠ ุญุตูˆุงุช
136
00:12:16,590 --> 00:12:22,610
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู†ุณุฏุงุฏ
137
00:12:22,610 --> 00:12:29,090
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑูุน ู„ูŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ ALP ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู€ elevation
138
00:12:29,090 --> 00:12:32,650
is due to increased synthesis of the enzyme
139
00:12:32,650 --> 00:12:36,470
induced by cholestases ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู†ุณุฏุงุฏ ููŠ
140
00:12:36,470 --> 00:12:40,050
ุงู„ู‚ู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุญุตูˆุงุช ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง
141
00:12:40,050 --> 00:12:47,510
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฑูƒูˆุฏ ููŠ ู…ุฑูˆุฑ ุงู„ุนุตุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
142
00:12:47,510 --> 00:12:53,890
ุงู„ุฑูƒูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจูŠุฑูุน ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ูˆุทุจุนุง ุจุงู„ู€
143
00:12:53,890 --> 00:12:58,220
Serum ุฒูŠ ูƒุงู† ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ Obstructive ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€
144
00:12:58,220 --> 00:13:01,580
ALP ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุนุดุฑ upper limit normal ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ
145
00:13:01,580 --> 00:13:04,980
ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ Hepatocellular ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
146
00:13:04,980 --> 00:13:09,180
Hepatocytes ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฑุชูุน
147
00:13:09,180 --> 00:13:13,440
ุงู„ู€ ALP ู„ูƒู† ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ upper
148
00:13:13,440 --> 00:13:21,480
limit normal ุฃูŠุถุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฑุชูุน ุฅู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ููŠ
149
00:13:21,480 --> 00:13:29,370
ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ bone ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Bone ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
150
00:13:29,370 --> 00:13:33,250
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฑุชูุน ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ ALP ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Paget's
151
00:13:33,250 --> 00:13:37,490
disease ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Paget's diseaseุŒ there is an
152
00:13:37,490 --> 00:13:41,830
abnormal breakdown of bone tissue in specific areas
153
00:13:46,200 --> 00:13:51,460
ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Osteomalacia ู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ูˆ
154
00:13:51,460 --> 00:13:55,620
Rickets ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุณุงุญ Hyperparathyroidism ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
155
00:13:55,620 --> 00:14:02,220
ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ Parathyroid hormone ูˆ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ
156
00:14:02,220 --> 00:14:06,300
ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Healing fractures ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ
157
00:14:06,300 --> 00:14:12,020
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูƒุณุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ูˆ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชู…ุงุซู„ ููŠ
158
00:14:12,020 --> 00:14:16,630
ุงู„ุดูุงุก ุฃูˆ ุชุจุฏุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุชู‚ูŠุฏ ุชุตู„ุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ
159
00:14:16,630 --> 00:14:19,950
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ู‡ุงู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจู†ุงุฆุจ ูŠุง ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
160
00:14:19,950 --> 00:14:25,830
ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง Osteoblast ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ ALP
161
00:14:25,830 --> 00:14:30,490
ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Pregnancy ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ
162
00:14:30,490 --> 00:14:33,430
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง Isoenzyme ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Placental Isoenzyme
163
00:14:33,430 --> 00:14:37,530
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Pregnancy ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠุฑุชูุน
164
00:14:37,530 --> 00:14:43,730
ูƒุซูŠุฑุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตู„ ู„ู€ 1.5 times ุงู„ู€ upper limit
165
00:14:43,730 --> 00:14:51,950
normal ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ ALP ูŠู†ุฎูุถ ูˆ
166
00:14:51,950 --> 00:14:58,610
ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู†ุฎูุถ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Hypophosphatasia ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช
167
00:14:58,610 --> 00:15:03,450
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Phosphate ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
168
00:15:03,450 --> 00:15:09,010
ู‡ูˆ inherited inadequate bone calcification ูƒูˆู† ููŠ
169
00:15:09,010 --> 00:15:19,330
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุฑุถ ูˆุฑุงุซูŠ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุฏู…
170
00:15:19,330 --> 00:15:27,290
ุงู„ุชูƒู„ุณ ู„ู„ุนุธุงู… ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุงููŠ ุงู„ู€ C4 enzyme activity
171
00:15:27,290 --> 00:15:32,790
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณุชุฎุฏู…
172
00:15:32,790 --> 00:15:37,990
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ู€ Non specificity of the enzyme group
173
00:15:37,990 --> 00:15:41,440
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุฒุน ููˆุณูุงุชูŠ group ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
174
00:15:41,440 --> 00:15:46,920
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุชู… ุจูŠ .. ุฃูˆ ู…ุน ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู†
175
00:15:46,920 --> 00:15:50,520
ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ูŠู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง Phosphate group ูˆูŠุฌู‡ุฏ
176
00:15:50,520 --> 00:15:57,560
ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ูˆูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุฒุนู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุชุฎุฏู…
177
00:15:57,560 --> 00:16:01,940
ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุณู…ู‰ Bowers and McComb method
178
00:16:01,940 --> 00:16:09,980
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู„ู€ P-Nitrophenol ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ
179
00:16:09,980 --> 00:16:14,380
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู€ Product P-Nitrophenol ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู„ู‡ Maximum
180
00:16:14,380 --> 00:16:20,660
Absorbance ุนู„ู‰ 405 Nanometer
181
00:16:20,660 --> 00:16:24,580
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุถุญ ุญุงู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ P-Nitrophenyl
182
00:16:24,580 --> 00:16:29,510
Phosphate ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† Colorless ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€
183
00:16:29,510 --> 00:16:32,030
Alkaline Phosphatase ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ู€ pH ุชูƒูˆู†
184
00:16:32,030 --> 00:16:37,950
ุจูŠู† ุชุณุนุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆู‡ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ pH ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ
185
00:16:37,950 --> 00:16:43,430
point ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงุŒ ู‡ุงู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจูŠ
186
00:16:43,430 --> 00:16:47,670
ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆููŠู†ูˆู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุชู…ู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ู€ Phosphate group ูˆุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ
187
00:16:47,670 --> 00:16:52,030
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุจูŠ ู†ูŠุชุฑูˆููŠู†ูˆู„ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
188
00:16:52,030 --> 00:16:56,350
ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุฃุตูุฑ ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูŠู…ูŠู„ู‡ Maximum Absorbance ุนู„ู‰
189
00:16:56,350 --> 00:17:02,930
ุฃุฑุจุนู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณุฉ Nanometer ู‡ู†ุง
190
00:17:02,930 --> 00:17:06,810
ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุขุฎุฑ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง Phosphatase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Acid
191
00:17:06,810 --> 00:17:12,230
Phosphatase ูˆุทุจุนู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงุณู…ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุจูŠุดุชุบู„
192
00:17:12,230 --> 00:17:17,770
at Alkaline pH ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ at Acidic pH ูŠุจู‚ู‰
193
00:17:17,770 --> 00:17:23,950
Acid Phosphatase ูˆูŠุฎุชุตุฑ ุจู€ ACP ูŠุจู‚ู‰ belonging to
194
00:17:23,950 --> 00:17:27,570
the same group of the Phosphate enzymes as ALP
195
00:17:27,570 --> 00:17:31,330
ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุฒุน Phosphate
196
00:17:31,330 --> 00:17:35,530
group ู„ูƒู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ Acidic pH ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
197
00:17:35,530 --> 00:17:41,890
ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ at pH 5 ู‡ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู†ุง ู†ุฒุน ููˆุณูุงุช ุฌุฑูˆุจ ู…ู†
198
00:17:41,890 --> 00:17:46,290
ููˆุณููˆ ู…ูˆู†ูˆ ุฅูŠุณุชุฑ ูˆุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ุง ูƒุญูˆู„ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ููˆุณูุงุช
199
00:17:46,290 --> 00:17:49,890
ุฌุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ู€ Acid Phosphatase ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจู€ high
200
00:17:49,890 --> 00:17:54,330
Concentrations in the Prostate gland ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุบุฏุฉ
201
00:17:54,330 --> 00:18:00,050
ุงู„ุจุฑุณุชุงุชุง ุจู€ Concentrations ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูŠุถุง ููŠ
202
00:18:00,050 --> 00:18:04,010
Organs ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Bone, Liver, Spleen, Kidney, Red
203
00:18:04,010 --> 00:18:06,370
Blood cells and Platelets
204
00:18:10,830 --> 00:18:17,350
ุงู„ู€ ACP ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุงู† ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุณุงุจู‚ุง ูˆูŠุณุงุนุฏ in the
205
00:18:17,350 --> 00:18:21,650
Detection of Prostatic Carcinoma ููŠู‡ ู„ูˆ ุงูƒุชุดุงู
206
00:18:21,650 --> 00:18:27,630
ุญุงู„ุงุช ุณุฑุทุงู† ุงู„ุจุฑุณุชุงุชุง ูˆุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุต Metastatic
207
00:18:27,630 --> 00:18:30,530
Carcinoma of the Prostate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
208
00:18:30,530 --> 00:18:35,970
ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Organs ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
209
00:18:35,970 --> 00:18:42,870
Metastases ู„ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…
210
00:18:42,870 --> 00:18:50,190
ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ Specificity ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุฃูˆ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…
211
00:18:50,190 --> 00:18:56,750
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุขู† ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุฃูุถู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
212
00:18:56,750 --> 00:18:59,970
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Prostatic Specific Antigen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ PSA
213
00:19:00,480 --> 00:19:04,760
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูุถู„ ูˆูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€
214
00:19:04,760 --> 00:19:09,160
Screening ุฃูˆ ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Diagnosis ู„ู€ Prostatic
215
00:19:09,160 --> 00:19:16,280
Carcinoma ุจุฏูŠู„ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ ACP ุทูŠุจ ุจู…ุง ูŠุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงู„ู€ ACP
216
00:19:16,280 --> 00:19:21,160
Determination Relatively Insensitive Technique
217
00:19:21,160 --> 00:19:27,370
ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Insensitive ุจุฑุถู‡ ุทุจุนุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
218
00:19:27,370 --> 00:19:30,190
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ Organs ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡
219
00:19:30,190 --> 00:19:35,230
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Specificity ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุด ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
220
00:19:35,230 --> 00:19:36,490
Chemical inhibition
221
00:19:39,000 --> 00:19:43,900
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ Total Acid Phosphatase ู„ูƒู†
222
00:19:43,900 --> 00:19:48,100
ุงู„ู€ Total Acid Phosphatase Relatively Insensitive
223
00:19:48,100 --> 00:19:55,880
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Acid
224
00:19:55,880 --> 00:19:58,820
Phosphatase ู„ุฃู† ุงุญู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
225
00:19:58,820 --> 00:20:02,900
ุจุฃุนู„ู‰ Concentration ุจุงู„ุจุฑุณุชุงุชุง ู„ูƒู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ
226
00:20:02,900 --> 00:20:09,860
ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุญู„ุŸ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ู„ Chemical
227
00:20:09,860 --> 00:20:14,840
Inhibition ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู‡ Chemical Inhibition method
228
00:20:14,840 --> 00:20:19,500
ุนุดุงู† ู†ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Prostatic Acid Phosphatase from
229
00:20:19,500 --> 00:20:26,280
other Acid Phosphatase ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ Serum
230
00:20:26,280 --> 00:20:30,440
incubated with and without addition of Tartrate
231
00:20:30,440 --> 00:20:41,730
ู‡ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ูุญุต ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ Incubation
232
00:20:41,730 --> 00:20:49,150
ู„ู„ู€ Serum ู…ุน Tartrate ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ูุญุต
233
00:20:49,150 --> 00:20:54,070
ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ุนู…ู„ู†ุง Incubation ู„ู„ู€ Serum with
234
00:20:54,070 --> 00:20:58,270
Tartrate ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ Tartrate ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ Tartrate
235
00:20:58,270 --> 00:21:01,930
ุจูŠุนู…ู„ Inhibition ู„ู€ Prostatic Acid Phosphatase
236
00:21:01,930 --> 00:21:09,790
ุชู…ุงู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Total Acid Phosphatase
237
00:21:09,790 --> 00:21:14,070
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ Inhibition ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
238
00:21:14,070 --> 00:21:18,970
ู‡ู†ุนู…ู„ Inhibition ู„ู„ู€ Acid Phosphatase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
239
00:21:18,970 --> 00:21:24,590
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase ูˆ ู‡ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ูุญุต ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰
240
00:21:24,590 --> 00:21:28,450
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Acid
241
00:21:28,450 --> 00:21:33,490
Phosphatase ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃูˆ ู†ุงู‚ุตุฉ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€
242
00:21:33,490 --> 00:21:41,560
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุทุฑุญู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุชูŠู†
243
00:21:41,560 --> 00:21:46,580
ู…ู† ุจุนุถุŒ ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ูŠุฏุงุด ูุนู„ูŠุง ุงู„ู€ Prostatic Acid
244
00:21:46,580 --> 00:21:52,580
Phosphatase ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ Values
245
00:21:52,580 --> 00:21:56,650
are usually normal in the majority of cases ูˆููŠ
246
00:21:56,650 --> 00:22:06,230
ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ูู‚ุท ููŠ 50% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู… ุงุณุชุจุฏุงู„
247
00:22:06,230 --> 00:22:10,110
ุงู„ูุญุต ุจูุญุต ุขุฎุฑ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Prostatic Specific Antigen
248
00:22:10,110 --> 00:22:17,930
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ Prostatic Carcinoma
249
00:22:17,930 --> 00:22:20,830
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ูุญุต ู„ู‡ Acid Phosphatase ูˆู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡
250
00:22:20,830 --> 00:22:25,570
ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ Normal ุฃูŠุถุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… Prostatic
251
00:22:25,570 --> 00:22:28,990
Carcinoma ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ูุญุต ู‡ุฐุง ู…ููŠุฏ
252
00:22:28,990 --> 00:22:32,730
ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Prostatic Carcinoma ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
253
00:22:32,730 --> 00:22:38,590
Metastases ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Prostatic Carcinoma ุญุชู‰
254
00:22:38,590 --> 00:22:41,690
ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุด ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง
255
00:22:41,690 --> 00:22:45,610
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจุงู„ู€ Acid Phosphatase ุจู€ 50% ูู‚ุท
256
00:22:45,610 --> 00:22:51,430
ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูŠุจู‚ู‰
257
00:22:51,430 --> 00:22:54,060
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ ุจุงู„ู€ Slide ุงู„ูุงุชุช ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
258
00:22:54,060 --> 00:22:58,960
ุจู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ Total Acid Phosphatase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
259
00:22:58,960 --> 00:23:03,320
ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ู‡ ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ู†ุถูŠู ุงู„ุชุฑุชุฑุงุช ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจู†ุญุท ุงู„
260
00:23:03,320 --> 00:23:06,480
Serum ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุฑุชุฑุงุช ูˆุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ูุญุต ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุง
261
00:23:06,480 --> 00:23:10,560
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ Acid Phosphatase after ุงู„ุชุฑุชุฑุงุช ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุจุงุดู‡
262
00:23:10,560 --> 00:23:14,640
ู„ู…ุง ู†ุทุฑุญู‡ู… ู…ู† ุจุนุถ ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Prostatic
263
00:23:14,640 --> 00:23:18,940
Acid Phosphatase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
264
00:23:18,940 --> 00:23:24,960
ุจุฑุถู‡ Immunological test ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุงู„
265
00:23:24,960 --> 00:23:32,660
Acid Phosphatase ู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ููŠ
266
00:23:32,660 --> 00:23:39,790
ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงุบุชุตุงุจ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงุบุชุตุงุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู†ุนู…ู„ Vaginal
267
00:23:39,790 --> 00:23:44,850
Washing ู„ู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู… ุงุบุชุตุงุจู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ู…ุดูƒูˆูƒ ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ
268
00:23:44,850 --> 00:23:51,070
ููŠู‡ ุงุบุชุตุงุจ ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ู€ Activity ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ Acid
269
00:23:51,070 --> 00:23:57,130
Phosphatase ูˆุทุจุนุง ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงุบุชุตุงุจ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
270
00:23:57,130 --> 00:24:00,430
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Seminal fluid ูˆู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡
271
00:24:00,430 --> 00:24:06,030
Activity ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ Acid Phosphatase ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุธู„ for
272
00:24:06,030 --> 00:24:09,710
up to four days ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Activity ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ
273
00:24:09,710 --> 00:24:17,590
ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃูŠุงู… ุงุณู„ู‡ุง Detection ุฃูŠุถุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฑุชูุน ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช
274
00:24:17,590 --> 00:24:20,050
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Acid Phosphatase ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Bone disease
275
00:24:20,050 --> 00:24:26,210
ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู†ุดุงุท ู„ู„ู€ Osteoclasts
276
00:24:26,210 --> 00:24:31,930
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู‡ุงุฏู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุธู… ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ ALP ูˆู„ุฃู†
277
00:24:31,930 --> 00:24:38,290
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน ู…ุน ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจู†ูŠ
278
00:24:38,290 --> 00:24:41,530
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Osteoblasts ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฑุชูุงุน
279
00:24:41,530 --> 00:24:47,230
ู…ุน ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‡ุฏู… ู…ุน ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ Osteoclasts
280
00:24:49,830 --> 00:24:54,330
ุฃูŠุถุง ุจุณุจุจ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ACP ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุงุช ุงู„ู„ูˆุญุงุช ุชุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน
281
00:24:54,330 --> 00:24:57,690
ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน
282
00:24:57,690 --> 00:24:57,710
ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน
283
00:24:57,710 --> 00:24:59,930
ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน
284
00:24:59,930 --> 00:25:03,770
ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน
285
00:25:03,770 --> 00:25:04,610
ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน
286
00:25:04,610 --> 00:25:04,670
ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน
287
00:25:04,670 --> 00:25:07,270
ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุช
288
00:25:19,970 --> 00:25:25,710
destruction of the platelets safe for the enzyme
289
00:25:25,710 --> 00:25:28,910
activity ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุงู„
290
00:25:28,910 --> 00:25:32,110
alkaline phosphatase ู„ูƒู† ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุบูŠุฑู‡ ูู‚ุท
291
00:25:32,110 --> 00:25:36,910
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ pH ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ pH acidic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
292
00:25:36,910 --> 00:25:41,570
five ูŠุจู‚ู‰ P-nitrophenol phosphate ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ acid
293
00:25:41,570 --> 00:25:45,350
phosphatase ูˆุนู„ู‰ pH five ู‡ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง P-nitrophenol
294
00:25:45,350 --> 00:25:51,380
ุฒุงุฆุฏ phosphate ionุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ Acidic pH ุงู„ู€ P
295
00:25:51,380 --> 00:25:56,600
-Nitrophenol ุจูŠูƒูˆู† colorless ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญุชุงุฌ
296
00:25:56,600 --> 00:26:03,120
ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅุถุงูุฉ alkaline ู…ู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฅู† ุฅูŠู‚ุงู ู„ู„ุชูุงุนู„
297
00:26:03,120 --> 00:26:07,840
ูˆู…ู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆุณุท ุฅู„ู‰ alkaline ุงู„ู€ P
298
00:26:07,840 --> 00:26:12,000
-Nitrophenol ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุตูุฑ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ
299
00:26:12,000 --> 00:26:14,980
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู†ู‚ูŠุณู‡ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€
300
00:26:14,980 --> 00:26:16,700
Spectrophotometer
301
00:26:20,270 --> 00:26:28,450
ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุขุฎุฑ Gamma Glutamyl Transferase GGT ูˆู‡ุฐุง
302
00:26:28,450 --> 00:26:34,170
ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ู„ ุฌุงู…ุง ุฌู„ูˆุชุงู…ูŠู„ ุฑูŠุฒูŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ู†
303
00:26:34,170 --> 00:26:38,770
ุฌุงู…ุง ุฌู„ูˆุชุงู…ูŠู„ ุจุจุชุงูŠุฏุฒ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
304
00:26:38,770 --> 00:26:42,270
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุชุงุซูŠูˆู† two amino acids
305
00:26:44,690 --> 00:26:48,110
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุชุงุซูŠูˆู† ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุฃู…ูŠู†ูˆ ุฃุณูŠุฏ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… Gamma
306
00:26:48,110 --> 00:26:52,350
glutamyl transferase ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ Glutamyl peptide ุฒุงุฆุฏ
307
00:26:52,350 --> 00:26:59,390
L-cystinylglycine ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุŸ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจู€
308
00:26:59,390 --> 00:27:04,250
concentrations ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ liver tissue ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
309
00:27:04,250 --> 00:27:08,270
ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุณ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰
310
00:27:11,960 --> 00:27:15,200
ุงู„ู€ Diagnostic Significance ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ
311
00:27:15,200 --> 00:27:21,340
ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Hepatobiliary Disease ูˆุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฅู†ู‡
312
00:27:21,340 --> 00:27:24,080
ุจู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Biliary
313
00:27:24,080 --> 00:27:28,860
Obstruction ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุฒูŠ ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุงู„ู€ Alkaline
314
00:27:28,860 --> 00:27:32,040
Phosphatase ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Alkaline Phosphatase
315
00:27:32,040 --> 00:27:35,700
ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Hepatobiliary
316
00:27:35,700 --> 00:27:40,880
Disease ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Gamma Glutamyl
317
00:27:40,880 --> 00:27:44,740
Transferase ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Alcoholic
318
00:27:44,740 --> 00:27:48,660
Cirrhosis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู†
319
00:27:48,660 --> 00:27:55,660
ุงู„ุฅูุฑุงุท ููŠ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ู„ู‡ ูุงุฆุฏุฉ
320
00:27:55,660 --> 00:28:03,560
ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุฃูุฑู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู…ุน ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุงู„ู€
321
00:28:03,560 --> 00:28:08,380
ALP ุนุดุงู† ุฃูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ liver ุฃูˆ ู‡ู„
322
00:28:08,380 --> 00:28:18,700
ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ ALP ู…ุฑุชูุน ูˆุงู„ู€
323
00:28:18,700 --> 00:28:23,020
gamma glutamyl transferase ู…ุฑุชูุน ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
324
00:28:23,020 --> 00:28:29,920
ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ ALP ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
325
00:28:29,920 --> 00:28:33,680
ูŠุฑุชูุน ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ hepatobiliary obstruction ุฃูˆ ููŠ
326
00:28:33,680 --> 00:28:39,140
ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ bone disease ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุทูŠุจ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุดุชุบู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ ALP
327
00:28:39,140 --> 00:28:44,220
ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ู€ GGT ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ GGT ู„ู‚ูŠู†ุงู‡ ู…ุฑุชูุน ูŠุจู‚ู‰
328
00:28:44,220 --> 00:28:48,560
ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคูƒุฏ ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ
329
00:28:49,480 --> 00:28:54,040
ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ GGT ู…ู†ุฎูุถ ูŠุฌูŠุจ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
330
00:28:54,040 --> 00:29:01,620
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… except
331
00:29:01,620 --> 00:29:07,240
for the enzyme ุงู„ู€ gamma glutamyl residue of gamma
332
00:29:07,240 --> 00:29:11,740
glutamyl P-nitroanalyte is transferred to a
333
00:29:11,740 --> 00:29:17,360
glycylglycine ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ release ู„ู€ P-nitroaniline
334
00:29:19,930 --> 00:29:25,490
ุฑู‚ู… ุงู„ุชุญุฑูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ P-Nitro-Aniline ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจุงู„ุนู…ู„
335
00:29:25,490 --> 00:29:31,150
GGT ููƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ concentration ู„ู€ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ูƒู„ ู…ุง
336
00:29:31,150 --> 00:29:35,650
ูƒุงู† ููŠู†ุง ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ู€ P-Nitro-Aniline
337
00:29:38,180 --> 00:29:44,420
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑุชุจุท ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ Absorbance ุนู„ู‰ 405 ู†ุงู†ูˆ
338
00:29:44,420 --> 00:29:48,860
ู…ุชุฑ ูˆุงู„ู€ reference interval ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ male 6 ุฅู„ู‰ 45
339
00:29:48,860 --> 00:29:52,980
unit ุฃูˆ international unit per liter ุนู„ู‰ 37 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
340
00:29:52,980 --> 00:29:58,060
ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€ female 5 ุฅู„ู‰ 30 international unit per
341
00:29:58,060 --> 00:30:01,680
liter ุนู„ู‰ 37 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ
342
00:30:05,220 --> 00:30:13,980
ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู€ amylase ูˆูŠูุฎุชุตุฑ ุจู€ AMS ูˆู‡ุฐุง
343
00:30:13,980 --> 00:30:20,000
ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆู„ูŠุฒูŠุฒ ู„ู„ู€ starch ูˆุงู„ู€ glycogen
344
00:30:20,000 --> 00:30:23,120
ูˆ
345
00:30:23,120 --> 00:30:29,620
ุงู„ู€ alpha amylase attacks only alpha 1,4
346
00:30:29,620 --> 00:30:34,080
-glycosidic points ูˆ
347
00:30:34,560 --> 00:30:39,900
ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ activity ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… Glucose,
348
00:30:40,040 --> 00:30:46,100
maltose and dextrins ูˆู‡ุฐุง
349
00:30:46,100 --> 00:30:49,960
ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒุงู„ุณูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ chloride for
350
00:30:49,960 --> 00:30:55,920
activation ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… attacks only ฮฑ14
351
00:30:55,920 --> 00:31:01,040
-glycosidic bonds ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠุณุชุทูŠุน ู…ู‡ุงุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€
352
00:31:01,040 --> 00:31:07,430
celluloseู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ bonds ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† beta 1,4
353
00:31:07,430 --> 00:31:13,750
bonds ูŠุจู‚ู‰ cellulose ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด ูŠุนู…ู„ู‡
354
00:31:13,750 --> 00:31:18,130
digestion ุทูŠุจ
355
00:31:18,130 --> 00:31:22,470
ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุจู€ concentration ุนุงู„ูŠุฉุŸ ููŠู‡
356
00:31:22,470 --> 00:31:27,750
ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ acinar cells of pancreas ูˆุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจุงู„
357
00:31:27,750 --> 00:31:30,010
salivary glands
358
00:31:32,750 --> 00:31:38,550
ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงู„ู€ Acinar cells of the pancreas ุงู„ู„ูŠ
359
00:31:38,550 --> 00:31:42,850
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ู€ Exocrine cells of the
360
00:31:42,850 --> 00:31:46,370
pancreas ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ pancreas ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Exocrine
361
00:31:46,370 --> 00:31:51,390
cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุชูƒู…ู„
362
00:31:51,390 --> 00:31:57,110
ู‡ุถู… ุงู„ุทุนุงู… ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ endocrine cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูุฑุฒ
363
00:31:57,110 --> 00:32:03,110
ุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุชูˆุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูุฑุฒ ุฃุณ ููŠ ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุณูˆู„ูŠู† ูˆุฒูŠ
364
00:32:03,110 --> 00:32:10,850
ุงู„ู€ glucagon ูˆู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุฅู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช
365
00:32:10,850 --> 00:32:12,510
ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช
366
00:32:12,510 --> 00:32:13,510
ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช
367
00:32:13,510 --> 00:32:15,210
ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช
368
00:32:15,210 --> 00:32:16,190
ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช
369
00:32:16,190 --> 00:32:16,970
ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช
370
00:32:16,970 --> 00:32:17,210
ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช
371
00:32:17,210 --> 00:32:27,710
ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช
372
00:32:27,710 --> 00:32:33,250
ุจูŠุญุถุฑูˆุง
373
00:32:33,250 --> 00:32:37,610
ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…
374
00:32:39,590 --> 00:32:45,210
Digestion of starch begins in the mouth ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ
375
00:32:45,210 --> 00:32:47,830
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุงู„ู€ salivary glands ููŠ
376
00:32:47,830 --> 00:32:52,690
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง amylase ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุถู… ุงู„ู†ุดูˆูŠุงุช ูŠุชู… ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง
377
00:32:52,690 --> 00:32:59,630
ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ูู… ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠุชู… ุงุณุชูƒู…ุงู„ ุงู„ู‡ุถู…
378
00:32:59,630 --> 00:33:05,330
ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€ enzyme ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูุฑุฒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ pancreas ู„ุฃู†
379
00:33:05,330 --> 00:33:08,270
ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูุฑุฒ ู…ู† ุงู„ูู… ุจูŠุตู„ู‡ inactivation
380
00:33:08,270 --> 00:33:13,630
ุจุณุจุจ ุญู…ูˆุถุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ ..
381
00:33:13,630 --> 00:33:18,710
ุงู„ูˆุณุท ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ alkaline ุจู€ .. ุจุชู… ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…
382
00:33:18,710 --> 00:33:24,880
ุงู„ู€ amylase ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุณ ู„ุงุณุชูƒู…ุงู„ ู‡ุถู… ุงู„ู†ุดูˆูŠุงุช ุฒูŠ
383
00:33:24,880 --> 00:33:28,300
ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ IsoenzymesุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง two IsoenzymesุŒ
384
00:33:28,300 --> 00:33:32,800
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ ูˆุงู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุณูŠ IsoamylaseุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
385
00:33:32,800 --> 00:33:35,720
ุงู„ู€ P-Isoamylase derived from the pancreas ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
386
00:33:35,720 --> 00:33:42,120
ุงู„ู€ S-Isoamylase derived from salivary glands ู…ู…ูƒู†
387
00:33:42,120 --> 00:33:45,800
ูุตู„ ุงู„ู€ Isoenzymes ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ ElectrophoresisุŒ
388
00:33:45,800 --> 00:33:49,000
ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ chromatography technique ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
389
00:33:49,000 --> 00:33:51,080
Isoelectric focusing
390
00:33:54,770 --> 00:33:58,490
ุงู„ู€ Diagnostic Significance ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ acute
391
00:33:58,490 --> 00:34:03,710
pancreatitis ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุณ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€
392
00:34:03,710 --> 00:34:08,610
Amylase ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุฎู„ุงู„ ุณุงุนุชูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ุชูŠ ุนุดุฑ
393
00:34:08,610 --> 00:34:14,910
ุณุงุนุฉ after onset of attack ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุนู„ู‰
394
00:34:14,910 --> 00:34:19,370
ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุชู‡ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฃุฑุจุน ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุงุนุฉ ูˆุจุฑุฌุน ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ููŠ
395
00:34:19,370 --> 00:34:23,590
ุฎู„ุงู„ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณ ุฃูŠุงู… ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตู„ ุงู„ู€ concentration
396
00:34:25,350 --> 00:34:29,530
ู„ู€ amylase ู„ู€ 2.5 ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง
397
00:34:29,530 --> 00:34:37,170
ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ู„ุถุนููŠู† ูˆู†ุตู ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…
398
00:34:37,170 --> 00:34:42,650
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุชุฑุชูุน ุงู„ู€ concentration ุจุชุงุนู‡
399
00:34:42,650 --> 00:34:49,030
ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ disorders ูˆุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฑุชูุน ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€
400
00:34:49,030 --> 00:34:55,390
intra-abdominal disease ุญุงู„ุงุช ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุงุช ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
401
00:34:55,390 --> 00:34:59,710
ุงู„ุจุทู† ุฒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ perforated peptic ulcer
402
00:34:59,710 --> 00:35:07,930
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุฑุญุงุช ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ุซู‚ูˆุจ ููŠ
403
00:35:07,930 --> 00:35:13,350
ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ ุจุณุจุจ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุญุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ูŠุฑูุน ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
404
00:35:13,350 --> 00:35:20,490
concentration ู„ู€ amylase ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
405
00:35:20,490 --> 00:35:24,910
ู„ู„ู€ assay for enzyme activity ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
406
00:35:24,910 --> 00:35:29,530
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุน ุทุฑู‚ ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€ enzyme activity ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
407
00:35:29,530 --> 00:35:33,610
ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ amyloclastic the disappearance of starch
408
00:35:33,610 --> 00:35:38,370
substrate ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุชุนุฑููŠู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุชู…
409
00:35:38,370 --> 00:35:45,270
ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ู€ iodine ู„ู„ู€ starch ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆููŠ
410
00:35:45,270 --> 00:35:50,730
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู…ุน ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ Amylase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
411
00:35:50,730 --> 00:35:53,690
sample ุงู„ู€ Amylase ู‡ูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡ Digestion ู„ู„ู€
412
00:35:53,690 --> 00:35:58,810
Starch ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ Release ู„ู„ู€ Iodine ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุจุฏุฃ
413
00:35:58,810 --> 00:36:04,550
ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ as hydrolyzed iodine
414
00:36:04,550 --> 00:36:08,170
is released ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ decrease in dark blue color
415
00:36:08,170 --> 00:36:13,850
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ุชู…ุงู… ุจูŠุนูƒุณ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
416
00:36:13,850 --> 00:36:20,410
enzyme ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ sacrogenic ู‡ู†
417
00:36:20,410 --> 00:36:27,210
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง appearance of product ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡
418
00:36:27,210 --> 00:36:33,180
ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ classic sumogui method ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
419
00:36:33,180 --> 00:36:39,300
ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ starch substrate is hydrolyzed ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ
420
00:36:39,300 --> 00:36:43,820
ุงู„ู€ amylase ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง digestion ูˆุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
421
00:36:43,820 --> 00:36:46,300
ู‡ูˆ carbohydrates molecules that have reducing
422
00:36:46,300 --> 00:36:51,700
ability ุงู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ sugars ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
423
00:36:51,700 --> 00:36:56,260
sugars ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ reducing ุงู„ reduction
424
00:36:56,260 --> 00:37:02,060
ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ reduction ู„ู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ุขู† amount of
425
00:37:02,060 --> 00:37:06,580
reducing sugars present ุจูŠุนูƒุณ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ amylase
426
00:37:06,580 --> 00:37:10,440
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง reducing sugars
427
00:37:10,440 --> 00:37:14,920
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ sample amylase
428
00:37:14,920 --> 00:37:21,940
concentration ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ units ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ
429
00:37:21,940 --> 00:37:26,900
ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุงุณู…ู‡ุง guy units ูˆุงู„ู€ Somogyi unit
430
00:37:26,900 --> 00:37:30,600
defined as the number of milligrams of glucose
431
00:37:30,600 --> 00:37:35,940
released in 30 minutes at 37 degrees Celsius under
432
00:37:35,940 --> 00:37:42,740
specific assay conditions ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
433
00:37:42,740 --> 00:37:48,420
ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ chromogenic ูˆููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
434
00:37:48,420 --> 00:37:51,920
starch ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† substrate ุงู„ู€ starch ูˆู‡ุฐุง
435
00:37:51,920 --> 00:37:57,920
ุงู„ู€ starch ู…ุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ chromogenic dye ู…ุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน
436
00:37:57,920 --> 00:38:03,880
ุงู„ู€ starchุŒ dyeุŒ ุตุจุบุฉ ุงุฑุชุจุงุท ุงู„ุณุจุบุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ starch
437
00:38:03,880 --> 00:38:09,280
ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ starch dye complex insoluble
438
00:38:11,450 --> 00:38:15,950
ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุถูŠู ุงู„ amylase ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุนู…ู„ูŠ digestion ุฃูˆ
439
00:38:15,950 --> 00:38:20,510
hydrolysis ู„ู„ู€ starch ูˆู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„
440
00:38:20,510 --> 00:38:23,470
hydrolysis ู„ู„ู€ starch ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง release
441
00:38:23,470 --> 00:38:31,880
ู„ู„ุตุจุบุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุตุจุบุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ water soluble ู„ู…ุง ุฃุตู„ู‡ุง
442
00:38:31,880 --> 00:38:39,220
release ุจุชุฏูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูˆ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู„ูˆู† ุจุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ
443
00:38:39,220 --> 00:38:45,280
ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุจูŠุนูƒุณ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ amylase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„
444
00:38:45,280 --> 00:38:50,430
sampleุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ enzymatic method
445
00:38:50,430 --> 00:38:55,550
coupling enzymes to monitor amylase activity
446
00:38:55,550 --> 00:39:04,390
ูˆุจู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุขุฎุฑ ุชูุงุนู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู„ู€ NADH
447
00:39:04,390 --> 00:39:08,910
ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ูˆุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ
448
00:39:08,910 --> 00:39:13,590
ุงู„ absorbance ุนู„ู‰ 340 ุจูŠุนูƒุณ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ amylase ุงู„ู„ูŠ
449
00:39:13,590 --> 00:39:14,810
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
450
00:39:17,390 --> 00:39:23,950
ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ู€ lipase ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุจูŠุนู…ู„ hydrolysis
451
00:39:23,950 --> 00:39:31,090
ู„ู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ู„ู„ุฅูŠุณุชุฑ ู„ูŠู†ูƒุฌ of fats ูˆุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ
452
00:39:31,090 --> 00:39:38,510
alcohols and fatty acids ุงู„ lipase catalyzes the
453
00:39:38,510 --> 00:39:42,210
partial hydrolysis of dietary triglycerides in the
454
00:39:42,210 --> 00:39:48,690
intestine ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ digestion
455
00:39:48,690 --> 00:39:54,530
ูˆุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ูุงุชูŠ ุฃุณุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู€
456
00:39:54,530 --> 00:39:59,270
Triglycerides Pancreatic lipase specific for fatty
457
00:39:59,270 --> 00:40:03,090
acid residues at position one and three of
458
00:40:03,090 --> 00:40:08,510
triglycerides ู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุงู„ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
459
00:40:08,510 --> 00:40:12,650
ุงู„ู€ lipase ุจูŠุนู…ู„ hydrolysis ุจูŠุนู…ู„ release ู„ู„ู€
460
00:40:12,650 --> 00:40:18,950
fatty acids ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ position 1 ูˆ position 3 ูˆ
461
00:40:18,950 --> 00:40:22,790
ุงู„ activity ู„ู€ lipase enzyme ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„
462
00:40:22,790 --> 00:40:26,410
bile salts ูˆ ุงู„ co-lipase
463
00:40:31,160 --> 00:40:36,120
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ primarily found in pancreas ูˆ some from
464
00:40:36,120 --> 00:40:40,160
stomach and small intestine ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ ูˆ ุงู„
465
00:40:40,160 --> 00:40:46,340
small intestine ุงู„ diagnostic significance ู„ู‡ุฐุง
466
00:40:46,340 --> 00:40:51,260
ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… used in diagnosis of acute pancreatitis
467
00:40:51,260 --> 00:40:55,100
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ amylase ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุน ุงู„
468
00:40:55,100 --> 00:40:59,880
amylase ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุญุงุฏ ููŠ ุงู„
469
00:40:59,880 --> 00:41:06,020
pancreas ุฃูˆ ู„ุง hand similar pattern to amylase but
470
00:41:06,020 --> 00:41:13,040
lasts longer ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ half life ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฃุทูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„
471
00:41:13,040 --> 00:41:19,860
amylase ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ lipase
472
00:41:19,860 --> 00:41:26,060
persists for approximately ุฎุทุฃ ู…ุด ุฎู…ุณ ุฃูŠุงู… ุจูŠุณุชู…ุฑ
473
00:41:26,060 --> 00:41:32,390
ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ูŠูˆู… ุชู…ุงู… ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุฃู† ุฎุทุฃ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุฑ
474
00:41:32,390 --> 00:41:36,670
ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ูŠูˆู… ุชู…ุงู… ูˆ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ
475
00:41:36,670 --> 00:41:43,810
ุฃุทูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ amylase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุณุชู…ุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฅู„ู‰
476
00:41:43,810 --> 00:41:45,650
ุฎู…ุณ ุฃูŠุงู…
477
00:41:50,050 --> 00:41:53,830
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Amylase ุจุฑุถู‡
478
00:41:53,830 --> 00:41:57,810
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฑุชูุน ุงู„ู€ Lipase ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุฃุฎุฑู‰ for other abdominal
479
00:41:57,810 --> 00:42:04,090
conditions ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
480
00:42:04,090 --> 00:42:06,650
Lipase ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู€ Gamma Glutamyl
481
00:42:06,650 --> 00:42:10,030
Transferase ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ ALP ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„
482
00:42:10,030 --> 00:42:13,810
differential diagnosis ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€ Lipase ู…ู…ูƒู†
483
00:42:13,810 --> 00:42:18,480
ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Amylase ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„ differential
484
00:42:18,480 --> 00:42:24,720
diagnosis ู„ุฃู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ amylase ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€
485
00:42:24,720 --> 00:42:27,820
pancreatic ุฃูŠุฒูˆ ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ saliva ุฃูŠุฒูˆ
486
00:42:27,820 --> 00:42:31,820
ุฅู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุชู…ุงู… ู„ู…ุง ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ amylase ูˆู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„
487
00:42:31,820 --> 00:42:35,500
amylase ู…ุฑุชูุน ุชุจ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ pancreas ุฃูˆ
488
00:42:35,500 --> 00:42:38,500
ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ salivary glands ู„ู…ุง ู†ุดุชุบู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ ุงู„ lipase
489
00:42:38,500 --> 00:42:44,690
ู‡ู†ุนู…ู„ ุชูุฑูŠู‚ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุฌูŠู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ amylase
490
00:42:44,690 --> 00:42:49,050
ู…ุฑุชูุน ูˆ ุงู„ lipase ู…ุฑุชูุนุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
491
00:42:49,050 --> 00:42:54,490
pancreasุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ู„ุฌูŠุช ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ amylase ู…ุฑุชูุน ู„ูƒู† ุงู„
492
00:42:54,490 --> 00:42:58,870
lipase ู…ู†ุฎูุถุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุงู„
493
00:42:58,870 --> 00:43:00,510
salivary gland
494
00:43:03,070 --> 00:43:07,670
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Assay for Enzyme Activity ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€
495
00:43:07,670 --> 00:43:12,190
Classical Method ูˆ Cherry Crandel Method ุงู„ู€
496
00:43:12,190 --> 00:43:14,770
Substrate ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Trioline ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€
497
00:43:14,770 --> 00:43:22,570
Triglyceride ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ Lipase Enzyme
498
00:43:22,570 --> 00:43:29,240
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง Digestion ูˆ Release ู„ู„ูุงุชูŠ ุฃุณุฏ ูˆุจุนุฏ
499
00:43:29,240 --> 00:43:35,120
ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ titration ู„ูุชูŠ ุฃุณุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ุง
500
00:43:35,120 --> 00:43:40,210
release ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ lipase enzyme ุฃู†
501
00:43:40,210 --> 00:43:44,030
ุงู„ู€ triglyceride ู…ุน ู…ูŠู‡ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ lipase ูˆุฃู† ุงู„
502
00:43:44,030 --> 00:43:50,170
pH ุงู„ optimum pH 8.6-9 ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ two mono glycerides
503
00:43:50,170 --> 00:43:54,470
ูˆ two fatty acids ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ titration ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
504
00:43:54,470 --> 00:44:00,790
ูˆุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ turbidometric method ูˆููŠ
505
00:44:00,790 --> 00:44:08,900
ุงู„ method ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ fats ููŠ ุงู„ solution ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠ
506
00:44:08,900 --> 00:44:13,980
ุงู„ solution cloudy ุฅู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุจูŠ
507
00:44:13,980 --> 00:44:19,640
ุฏูˆุจุด ุจูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
508
00:44:19,640 --> 00:44:27,080
ู‡ูˆ cloudy solution ุงู„ุขู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ุถูŠู ุงู„ lipase ุงู„ lipase
509
00:44:27,080 --> 00:44:32,220
ู‡ูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุนู…ู„ูŠ hydrolysis ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
510
00:44:32,220 --> 00:44:36,060
hydrolysis ู„ุงู„ู€ triglycerides ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡
511
00:44:36,060 --> 00:44:40,740
clearing of solution ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
512
00:44:40,740 --> 00:44:46,560
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† coupled enzymatic reaction ุทุจุนู‹ุง ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
513
00:44:46,560 --> 00:44:51,420
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ lipase ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ุจูŠุฑุฃูˆูƒุณูŠุฏุงุฒ ุฃูˆ
514
00:44:51,420 --> 00:44:53,300
ุงู„ glycerol kinase
515
00:44:55,530 --> 00:44:59,890
ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑ Glucose 6-phosphate
516
00:44:59,890 --> 00:45:06,650
dehydrogenase ุงู„ู€ G6PD ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Oxidoreductase
517
00:45:06,650 --> 00:45:13,710
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ oxidation reduction ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุจุณู„ู‡ oxidation
518
00:45:13,710 --> 00:45:19,050
ูˆู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุจุณู„ู‡ reduction ูŠุจู‚ู‰ catalyzes the
519
00:45:19,050 --> 00:45:22,670
oxidation of glucose 6-phosphate to 6
520
00:45:22,670 --> 00:45:28,490
-phosphogluconate ุฃูˆ 6-phosphogluconolactone
521
00:45:28,490 --> 00:45:34,930
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ pentose
522
00:45:34,930 --> 00:45:39,650
phosphate shunt of glucose metabolism ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฐุชู‡
523
00:45:39,650 --> 00:45:45,280
ููŠ ุงู„ biochemistry ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง Glucose 6-Phosphate ู…ุน
524
00:45:45,280 --> 00:45:49,860
ุงู„ู€ NADP ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ G6PD ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง 6
525
00:45:49,860 --> 00:45:55,280
-Phosphogluconate ุฒุงุฆุฏ NADPH ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ NADP ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡
526
00:45:55,280 --> 00:45:59,460
reduction ูˆุงุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ NADPH ูˆุงู„ู€ Glucose 6-Phosphate
527
00:45:59,460 --> 00:46:03,940
ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ oxidation ูˆุงุชุญูˆู„ ุฅู„ู‰ 6-Phosphogluconate
528
00:46:06,570 --> 00:46:10,270
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ tissues
529
00:46:10,270 --> 00:46:14,430
ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู†ุง ุจุงู„ู€ Adrenal CortexุŒ SpleenุŒ
530
00:46:14,430 --> 00:46:18,430
ThymusุŒ Lymph NodesุŒ Lactating Mammary GlandุŒ ูˆ
531
00:46:18,430 --> 00:46:25,050
ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Red Blood Cells ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุŒ ุฅู†
532
00:46:25,050 --> 00:46:28,350
little activity is found in normal serumุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
533
00:46:28,350 --> 00:46:34,810
activity ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ serum primarily
534
00:46:34,810 --> 00:46:39,730
focus of red blood cells ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู„ู…ุง
535
00:46:39,730 --> 00:46:44,930
ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู… ุงูŠุด ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
536
00:46:44,930 --> 00:46:50,510
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุฃุซุฑ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ red blood cells ูˆุงู„ุณุจุจ
537
00:46:50,510 --> 00:46:57,130
ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ NADPH ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ููŠ
538
00:46:57,130 --> 00:47:03,630
ุงู„ NADH ุฅู† NADH ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ NADPH ุงู„ู†ุงุฏ ุจูŠุฃุชุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ
539
00:47:03,630 --> 00:47:11,370
ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู€ glutathione ูˆ glutathione
540
00:47:11,370 --> 00:47:17,590
ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ defensive ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู… ู„ู„ู€ reactive oxygen
541
00:47:17,590 --> 00:47:21,490
species ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
542
00:47:21,490 --> 00:47:23,890
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ help to regenerate glutathione which in turn
543
00:47:23,890 --> 00:47:26,650
protect hemoglobin from oxidation
544
00:47:29,140 --> 00:47:34,080
ูˆุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ G6PD ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
545
00:47:34,080 --> 00:47:38,960
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฅู†ุชุงุฌ ู„ู€ NADPH ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุฑุชูุน ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€
546
00:47:38,960 --> 00:47:43,060
Reactive Oxygen Species ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ Red
547
00:47:43,060 --> 00:47:47,800
Blood Cells ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠ Oxidation ู„ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin
548
00:47:47,800 --> 00:47:52,980
ูˆู‡ูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ Hemolysis ู„ุงู„ู€ Red Blood Cells
549
00:47:52,980 --> 00:47:56,620
ุงู„ู€
550
00:47:56,620 --> 00:48:01,980
Diagnostic Significance ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ู€
551
00:48:01,980 --> 00:48:05,440
Deficiency of G6PD Inherited Sex Linked Trait
552
00:48:05,440 --> 00:48:11,560
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฑุถ ูˆุฑุงุซูŠ ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
553
00:48:11,560 --> 00:48:17,080
ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ู€ Red Blood Cells ููŠ ุญุงู„
554
00:48:17,080 --> 00:48:22,920
ุงุชุนุฑุถุช ู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Reactive Oxygen Species ูˆู‡ุฐุง
555
00:48:22,920 --> 00:48:28,930
ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุณุจุจ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุฃูŠุถุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
556
00:48:28,930 --> 00:48:35,570
ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุณุจุจ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุทุนู…ุฉ increased
557
00:48:35,570 --> 00:48:42,310
levels reported in acute myocardial infarction and
558
00:48:42,310 --> 00:48:48,930
megaloblastic anemia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู…ุชู‰ ุจูŠุฑุชูุน
559
00:48:51,370 --> 00:48:56,330
ุงู„ู€ G6PD ู„ู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุฃู† ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡
560
00:48:56,330 --> 00:49:01,350
Glucose 6-phosphate ู…ุน NADP ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ G6PD ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง 6
561
00:49:01,350 --> 00:49:06,050
-phosphogluconate ูˆ NADPH ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุจุชู… ู‚ูŠุงุณู‡ ุทุจุนุง
562
00:49:06,050 --> 00:49:11,310
ุงู„ู€ NADPH ูˆุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ absorbance ุนู„ู‰ 340 ู†ุงู†ูˆ
563
00:49:11,310 --> 00:49:15,390
ู…ุชุฑ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ enzyme ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
564
00:49:15,390 --> 00:49:21,570
ู‡ุงู† ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ red cell hemolysate ุทุจุนุง ูŠุจุฏุฃ ู†ุทู„ู‘ุน
565
00:49:21,570 --> 00:49:25,690
ุฃูˆ ู†ุนู…ู„ Lyses ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆู†ุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ ูˆู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„
566
00:49:25,690 --> 00:49:31,070
activity ู„ู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ serum ู…ู…ูƒู†
567
00:49:31,070 --> 00:49:36,150
ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ elevation of enzyme ุฃูˆ
568
00:49:36,150 --> 00:49:40,210
evaluation of enzyme elevation ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุงุฑุชูุงุน
569
00:49:40,650 --> 00:49:48,310
ุงู„ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ูˆู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุชู‡ูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ูุตู„ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุช
570
00:49:48,310 --> 00:49:50,610
ูˆูŠุนุทูŠูƒู… ุงู„ู ุนุงููŠุฉ