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1
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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡
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ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุฅุญู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ ููŠ electromagnetic wave
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propagation ุฅุญู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
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ูˆุดูˆูู†ุง ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ waves ูˆูƒูŠู ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ู€ propagation
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ุชุจุน longitudinal waves ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ mechanical waves ุฃูˆ
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ุงู„ู€ mechanical waves ู„ู‡ุง two types of propagation
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transverse ูˆ longitudinal ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุงู„ู€
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electromagnetic waves ูˆุดูˆูู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€
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propagation ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ transverse ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ู†ุญู„ู„
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ wave equation ููŠ ุฃุฏุช ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ูˆุจุฏุฃู†ุง
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ููŠ
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ุงู„ู€ propagation ุงู„ู€ lossy dielectric ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ูƒูŠู
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ู…ูŠุฒู†ุง ุงู„ู€ lossy dielectric ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ู†ุณุฌู…ุฉ ู„ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
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Zero ูˆุจุฏุฃู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Maxwell's equation ููŠ ุงู„ู€
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phase of representation ูˆุญู„ู†ุง ู„ู€ Maxwell's equations
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ูˆูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู„ู€ field equations ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ wave equations
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ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุน E ู†ุงู‚ุต ุบุงู…ุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน E ูˆุบุงู…ุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน
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ุนุฑูู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง J ุฃูˆู…ูŠุบุง ูŠูˆ ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ุฒุงุฆุฏ J ุฃูˆู…ูŠุบุง ูˆุงูŠ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ูˆุงุถุญ
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ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนูŠู†ุงุฑูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู€ imaginary part ูˆูƒู…ุงู†
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ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ู€ magnetic field ูˆุทู„ุนู†ุง ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุชูŠู†
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ู„ู„ู€ fields ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ vector wave equations ู„ุชุฑุจูŠุน E
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ู†ุงู‚ุต ุบุงู…ุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน E ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ Zero ูˆุฏู„ุชุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน H
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ุฃุตู„ุงู‹ ู„ู€ ุบุงู…ุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน H ุฃุตู„ุงู‹ ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ Zero ูˆูƒุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ
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ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅูŠู‡ุง real
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part ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃู„ูุง ูˆ imaginary part ุณู…ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุจูŠุชุง ูˆ
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆ ู…ุฌู„ุฉ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ
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ู‚ุฏุฑู†ุง ู†ุญุฏุฏ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุฃู„ูุง ูˆ ุจูŠุชุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ
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ุดูู†ุงู‡ู…ุŒ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุชูŠู† ู„ู‡ู…ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€
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structure ุณูˆุงุก ุงู„ู€ magnetic field ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ electric
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field ูƒู…ุงู† ุฃู„ูุง ูˆ ุจูŠุชุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ real part ูˆ ุงู„ู€
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imaginary part ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฃู„ูุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€
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attenuation ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ loss part ูู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ... ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ุจูŠุณุจุจ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Sigma ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงุฏุช
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ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุซ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ... ุงู„ู€ ... ุงู„ู€ ... ุงู„ุธู‡ูˆุฑ ู„ุฃู„ูุง ูู„ูˆ
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ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ Zero ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
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ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ Zero ุฅุฐุง ุฃู„ูุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ Zero ู„ูˆ
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ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ุฒุฑุนุช Zero ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ Zero
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ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุฐุฑ ู„ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠูŠู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
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ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠูŠู† ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจูŠุชุง ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆู…ูŠุบุง ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑ ู„ู€
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ู…ูŠูˆ ุงุจุณูŠู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃูˆู…ูŠุบุง ุนู„ู‰ V ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง
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ุจูŠุชุง ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆู…ูŠุบุง ุนู„ู‰ V ุตุญุŸ ุชู…ุงู… ุฅุฐุง ุฃู„ูุง
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ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ attenuation constant ูˆุงู„ู€ unit
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ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู†ูŠุจุงุฑุฒ per meter ุจุชุนุฑูŠูู†ุง
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ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ decay of the waves in the media ุฃู„ูุง
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ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช Zero for lossless media ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€
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media ู…ุง ููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠ ูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ุชุด ุชุญู„ูˆุณู‡ุง ู…ุณุฌุฏ
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ู…ุง ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ Zero ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุญูƒูŠุชู‡ ูˆ attenuation of
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one neper indicates a reduction of E ู†ุงู‚ุต one of
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the original wave ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู„ุช ุฅู† ุฃู„ูุง ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ
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ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ reduction ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ู€
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amplitude ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ amplitude ุชุจุนู‡ุง AุŒ ู‡ูŠู‚ู„
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ุจู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ E to the minus ูˆุงุญุฏ AุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู†
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00:03:28,660 --> 00:03:31,580
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ charging ูˆ dischargingุŒ ุจุณ ู„ู…ุง ุชุดูˆู ุฅู† ุงู„ุดูƒู„
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00:03:31,580 --> 00:03:35,640
ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ waveุŒ ู‡ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุจุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
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20 log ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ EุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ุจุฑ
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E to the minus ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 8.686 DB ุจูŠุชุง is an alpha ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ attenuation
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constant ุจูŠุชุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ imaginary part ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ phase
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constant radian per meter is measure of the phase
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shift by unit length in radians per meter ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู†
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ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ wavelengths 2ฯ€ ุนู„ู‰
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ู„ุงู…ุฏุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฃูˆู…ูŠุบุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ velocity
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ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ุฏุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ู†ุนุงู„ุฌ ููŠู‡ุง ู†ุญู„ู‡ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€
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wave propagation ููŠ ุงู„ู€ material ุจุฏู†ุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุฅุญู†ุง
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ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
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ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ู…ุซุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ู†ุงุฎุฐ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ููŠ
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ุงู„ู€ lossy media ุฅูŠุด ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุฎุตุงุฆุตู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ
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ุงู„ุฅูŠู‚ุงุนุงุช ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ phaser representation ูˆุฅู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ
69
00:04:25,190 --> 00:04:28,210
ุจุชุณุงูุฑ ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ู€ X component ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ travel ุชุจุนู‡ุง ููŠ
70
00:04:28,210 --> 00:04:31,710
ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ X component ูˆุฅู† ุงู„ู€ polarization ุชุดุชุชุจ ุนู„ู‰
71
00:04:31,710 --> 00:04:35,930
ุงู„ู€ field ู…ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ู€ propagation along ุงู„ู€
72
00:04:35,930 --> 00:04:43,890
plus z direction ูˆ EX ุจุณ ุฅู„ู‡ุง X component ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€
73
00:04:43,890 --> 00:04:50,610
wave ุงู„ุจูˆู„ุงุฑูŠุฒูŠุดู† ุชุจุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ X component ุงู„ู€
74
00:04:50,610 --> 00:04:55,330
propagation ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ X component ูˆ
75
00:04:55,330 --> 00:05:00,210
ุงู„ุจูˆู„ุงุฑูŠุฒูŠุดู† ุชุจุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ propagation
76
00:05:00,210 --> 00:05:02,350
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Z ุฃู†ุง ุขุณูุฉ ุฃุฎุจุทูƒู… ู…ุนุงู‡
77
00:05:13,610 --> 00:05:27,010
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ
78
00:05:27,010 --> 00:05:30,810
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ
79
00:05:30,810 --> 00:05:34,410
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ Z ูˆุงู„ู€ X
80
00:05:34,410 --> 00:05:37,270
ูุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ polarization ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ุง
81
00:05:37,270 --> 00:05:40,570
ู„ููˆู‚ ูˆุชุญุช ู…ุงู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ X direction ูŠุนู†ูŠ E ูˆูŠู†
82
00:05:40,570 --> 00:05:45,290
ุงุชุฌุงู‡ู‡ุงุŸ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ X ู„ูƒู† ูˆูŠู† ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ propagationุŸ
83
00:05:45,290 --> 00:05:48,530
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Z direction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุญุฑูƒ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุŒ
84
00:05:48,530 --> 00:05:51,570
ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ polarization ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ X
85
00:05:51,570 --> 00:05:57,860
direction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู„ู‡ุง one component E ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† E
86
00:05:57,860 --> 00:06:01,380
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู€ phaser representation E S ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
87
00:06:01,380 --> 00:06:05,560
ุนู† E SX X hat ูˆูŠู† ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ polarization ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ
88
00:06:05,560 --> 00:06:08,960
ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ Z direction ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุชู‚ู„ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ Z
89
00:06:08,960 --> 00:06:12,480
direction ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุณูŠุท ูŠุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุด ุฃุฎุฐู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ
90
00:06:12,480 --> 00:06:17,190
ุงู„ู€ polarization ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ X ูˆุงู„ู€ Y ูˆุงู„ู€
91
00:06:17,190 --> 00:06:21,330
polarization ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Z ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุฎุฐ ุจุณ ุฃู†ู‡ุง one component
92
00:06:21,330 --> 00:06:24,530
ุฅู„ู‡ุง one component ูƒุณุจ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ู‡ุง
93
00:06:24,530 --> 00:06:27,650
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† component ูƒู…ุงู† ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ wave
94
00:06:27,650 --> 00:06:31,910
ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุจุช travel ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ z axis ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
95
00:06:31,910 --> 00:06:35,910
ุงู„ู€ Z ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ electric field ูˆุงู„ู€ polarization ุชุจุนู‡
96
00:06:35,910 --> 00:06:39,770
ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ X component ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฑุณู…ุช ู„ูƒู… ุทุจ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
97
00:06:39,770 --> 00:06:42,490
ู†ุญู‘ู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ vector wave equation
98
00:06:42,490 --> 00:06:45,410
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฏู„ุชุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน E ู†ุงู‚ุต ุบุงู…ุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน E ุดุงู…ู„ู‡ุง
99
00:06:45,410 --> 00:06:49,480
ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Zero ุทุจ ุฅุญู†ุง ุงู„ุชู…ุงุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุจุงู„ู€ Z ู‡ูŠ ุจุณ
100
00:06:49,480 --> 00:06:52,580
travelling ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ Z ูุฅุฐุงู‹ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุงุนุช ู…ุชูู‚ุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰
101
00:06:52,580 --> 00:06:54,940
ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Z component ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ู€
102
00:06:54,940 --> 00:06:57,360
electric field ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ polarization ูŠุชูุงุนู„ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€
103
00:06:57,360 --> 00:07:00,440
X ูˆ travelling ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ Z ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ
104
00:07:00,440 --> 00:07:02,560
ุงู„ู€ Cartesian component ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
105
00:07:02,560 --> 00:07:05,100
ุนู† ุฏูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆ ุฏูŠ X ุชุฑุจูŠุนุŒ ุฏูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆ ุฏูŠ Y ุชุฑุจูŠุนุŒ
106
00:07:05,100 --> 00:07:10,980
ุฏูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆ ุฏูŠ Z ุชุฑุจูŠุนุŒ ู„ุง ุจุชุงุนุช ู…ุฏุน ุงู„ู€ X ูˆู„ุง ุชุงุนุช
107
00:07:10,980 --> 00:07:14,340
ู…ุฏุน ุงู„ู€ Y ูู‚ุท ุชุงุนุช ู…ุฏุน ุงู„ู€ Z ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ term ุจุถู„ one
108
00:07:14,340 --> 00:07:19,170
and Zero- ุบุงู…ุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู…ู† ESX ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ Zero ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุช
109
00:07:19,170 --> 00:07:24,010
ูุงุถู„ ุฃุฏู‘ูŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ู„ู€ EX S ุจุณ ุจูŠุธู„ู‘ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Z component
110
00:07:24,010 --> 00:07:33,030
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุงุฑุช ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ partial ุจุชุตูŠุฑ exact ู„ุฃู†
111
00:07:33,030 --> 00:07:36,710
ู…ุงููŠุด ุจุชุงุนุฉ ู…ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ Z ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง D2Z by DZ
112
00:07:36,710 --> 00:07:42,210
ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุตุงุฑุช
113
00:07:52,230 --> 00:07:56,930
D2EXSYDZ-EXSZ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู…ุงููŠุด ุชู…ุงุฏูŠุฉ ู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ X ูˆู„ุง
114
00:07:56,930 --> 00:08:02,830
Y ุตุงุฑุช exact differential ู‡ุฐู‡
115
00:08:02,830 --> 00:08:07,490
ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุญู„ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆ ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช
116
00:08:07,490 --> 00:08:10,330
ุดุฑุญุช ู„ูƒู… ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฎุฐุชู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุทุฑู ู‡ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช
117
00:08:10,330 --> 00:08:15,330
ูˆู„ุฏุชู‡ุง D2EXSYDZ
118
00:08:15,330 --> 00:08:23,870
ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุบุงู…ุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน EXS ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ุฃู† EXS ูŠุง ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ AE to
119
00:08:23,870 --> 00:08:30,850
the minus to the plus JZ ุบุงู…ุง Z ุฃูˆ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ A prime
120
00:08:30,850 --> 00:08:34,150
ุฏู…ูŠุฉ ุชุญุช ุนุดุงู† ุฃุชุฑุฌู‰ ูƒูŠู ุฃุซุจุชู‡ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ E node
121
00:08:34,150 --> 00:08:39,870
ูˆุงู„ู€ E node prime ุนุดุงู† ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูŠ ุฏู„ุญู„ ุจุณ ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุฃุฎุฐุชู‡
122
00:08:39,870 --> 00:08:42,410
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ differential equations E ู†ุฏ ุจุฑุงูŠู…
123
00:08:45,000 --> 00:08:48,120
ุงู„ู€ plus ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุงููŠุด J ูุงู†ุง ุจูุถู„ู‡ุง ู…ุฑุชูŠู†
124
00:08:48,120 --> 00:08:52,800
ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ plus minus E to the minus ุบุงู…ุง Z ู„ูˆ ูุถู„ุช
125
00:08:52,800 --> 00:08:56,040
ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠุŸ ุบุงู…ุง ูƒู… ู…ุฑุฉ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠุŸ
126
00:08:56,040 --> 00:08:59,360
Gamma ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู‡ุงูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู„ูˆ ูุถู„ุช ู‡ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ
127
00:08:59,360 --> 00:09:02,220
minus Gamma ูˆ ู…ุฑุชูŠู† ู‡ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ minus minus Gamma
128
00:09:02,220 --> 00:09:05,180
ุจุชุตูŠุฑ Gamma ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุจูŠู…ุซู„ูˆู„ูŠ solution
129
00:09:05,180 --> 00:09:09,690
ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ุญู„ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญู„ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
130
00:09:09,690 --> 00:09:13,170
ุงู„ุญู„ ูุฅุฐุง ุงู„ total solution ู‡ูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ุญู„ูŠู† ุตุญุŸ
131
00:09:13,170 --> 00:09:15,830
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† E to the gamma Z ุฃูˆ E to the minus
132
00:09:15,830 --> 00:09:19,310
gamma Z ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุณุงู„ุจุฉ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
133
00:09:19,310 --> 00:09:22,410
ุจู†ุญุท ุงู„ุฌูŠู… ู„ูƒู† ู…ูˆุฌุจุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉุŒ
134
00:09:22,410 --> 00:09:24,810
ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุนุŒ ุฃู†ุง minus gamma ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉุŒ
135
00:09:24,810 --> 00:09:27,970
minus gamma ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง as ููŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
136
00:09:27,970 --> 00:09:32,190
conditions ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ุฃูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
137
00:09:32,190 --> 00:09:34,610
propagation ุชุจุนูŠ ุงู„ condition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทูŠุช ูˆ when
138
00:09:34,610 --> 00:09:38,790
traveling ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ positive z direction ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฃู†ุง
139
00:09:38,790 --> 00:09:41,250
ุฃุฎุฐุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ positive z direction ุจุณ ุนุดุงู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฃูƒูˆู†
140
00:09:41,250 --> 00:09:43,450
ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทุงู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ minus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุทุงู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„
141
00:09:43,450 --> 00:09:47,500
propagation ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ propagation ุชุจุนูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ z
142
00:09:47,500 --> 00:09:49,380
direction ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ propagation ููŠ ุงู„ z direction
143
00:09:49,380 --> 00:09:52,320
ุงูŠู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุŸ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุถู„ ูˆ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุฐูƒุฑูŠู†ุŸ
144
00:09:52,320 --> 00:09:55,720
ุงูŠู‡ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุถู„ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ a to the
145
00:09:55,720 --> 00:10:00,400
minus gamma z ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ zero ุตุญุŸ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง
146
00:10:00,400 --> 00:10:03,800
ูุฑุถู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ traveling ููŠ ุงู„ positive z direction
147
00:10:07,940 --> 00:10:10,440
ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ second part ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู„ zero ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„
148
00:10:10,440 --> 00:10:12,460
propagation ููŠ ุงู„ negative z ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„
149
00:10:12,460 --> 00:10:14,380
propagation ุจุงู„ positive z ู…ุด ุฐุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุดุฑุญู†ุง
150
00:10:14,380 --> 00:10:17,620
ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุจู…ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ condition ุชุจุนูŠ ู‚ุงู„
151
00:10:17,620 --> 00:10:19,460
ุฅู† ุงู„ wave ุจุชุงุนุฉ traveling in the positive z
152
00:10:19,460 --> 00:10:22,840
direction ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ term ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ zero ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ
153
00:10:22,840 --> 00:10:25,320
ู„ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ two solutions ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
154
00:10:25,320 --> 00:10:30,500
condition ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ูุฑุถุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ wave ุจุชุงุนุชูŠุŸ ุทุจุนุง
155
00:10:30,500 --> 00:10:35,940
ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ term ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุถู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ two terms ูˆู‡ุฐุง
156
00:10:35,940 --> 00:10:39,800
cancelled ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง assume ุฅู† ุงู„ wave ุจุชุงุนุชูŠ
157
00:10:39,800 --> 00:10:43,180
traveling in the plus direction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู„
158
00:10:43,180 --> 00:10:46,880
field ู†ูุณู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ู…ู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ real part ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ phasor
159
00:10:46,880 --> 00:10:51,240
representation ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ู…ูŠู† ููŠ E ุฌ ุงู…ุฌุชูŠ ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู†ุŸ
160
00:10:51,240 --> 00:10:55,180
ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ E ุงู„ electric field ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชูŠ ุงู„
161
00:10:55,180 --> 00:10:58,700
electric part ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ real part ู„ ุงู„ phasor ุงู„ู„ูŠ
162
00:10:58,700 --> 00:11:04,200
ู‡ูˆ E XS ููŠ E ุฌ ุงู…ุฌุชูŠ ูˆุงุชุฌุงู‡ X hat ุงุนูˆุถ ุนู† E XS
163
00:11:04,200 --> 00:11:09,860
ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠุŸ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† E notE to the minus Gamma Z ูŠุนู†ูŠ
164
00:11:09,860 --> 00:11:16,180
ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ real part ู„ E ู‡ูŠ E not E to the minus
165
00:11:16,180 --> 00:11:20,540
Gamma Z E to the j Omega T ูˆุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
166
00:11:20,540 --> 00:11:24,140
X hat ุทุจ ุจู†ุนูˆุถ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ
167
00:11:24,140 --> 00:11:29,100
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ุง Alpha ุฒุงุฆุฏ j Gamma ุฒุงุฆุฏ j Beta
168
00:11:29,100 --> 00:11:42,020
Gamma ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐู‡ real EE to the minus Alpha ุฒุงุฆุฏ J
169
00:11:42,020 --> 00:11:51,140
Beta Z E to the J Omega T X hat E to the minus
170
00:11:51,140 --> 00:11:58,000
Alpha Z ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุงู„ term ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ E to the J Omega T
171
00:11:58,000 --> 00:12:02,780
ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ minus J Beta Z ูู‡ูŠ ุธู‡ุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ููŠุฒ ุฃู‡ุŸ ุฃุฎุฏุช G
172
00:12:02,780 --> 00:12:07,160
ุน ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ Omega T minus Beta Z ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
173
00:12:08,900 --> 00:12:11,940
ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงุถุญ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ king part ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุทู„ุนู‡ุŒ ู…ุง ู„ู‡ูˆุด ุงู„ู€
174
00:12:11,940 --> 00:12:14,740
real ูˆ ุงู„ู€ imaginary partุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ king partุŒ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
175
00:12:14,740 --> 00:12:17,360
ุฃุทู„ุนู‡ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ amplitude ุชุจุนูŠุŒ ูˆ ุจุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ real
176
00:12:17,360 --> 00:12:21,760
ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ E to the JุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุงูŠ A not E to the
177
00:12:21,760 --> 00:12:25,700
minus Alpha ZุŒ ุงู„ real part ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ E to the J ู„
178
00:12:25,700 --> 00:12:30,500
Omega T minus Beta ZุŒ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X hatุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ real
179
00:12:30,500 --> 00:12:33,930
part ุจู‚ู‰ ุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ cosine ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
180
00:12:33,930 --> 00:12:37,490
form ุฅู†ู‡ E ุฒุฏ ุชูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ E node E to the minus
181
00:12:37,490 --> 00:12:41,370
Alpha Z Cos Omega T minus Beta Z ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X hat
182
00:12:41,370 --> 00:12:44,630
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ูุฑุถู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ propagation ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Z
183
00:12:44,630 --> 00:12:47,390
direction ุจูŠุณูŠุฑ ููŠ Z direction ุงู„ minus I ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡
184
00:12:47,390 --> 00:12:49,750
ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุจูŠุณูŠุฑ ููŠ Z direction ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดูู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ
185
00:12:49,750 --> 00:12:53,030
ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ polarization ุฃูˆ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ electric field
186
00:12:53,030 --> 00:12:57,690
ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X hat ุทุจ ุงูŠู‡ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ amplitude ู‡ุฐุงุŸ
187
00:12:57,690 --> 00:12:58,150
ุงู„ amplitude
188
00:13:02,410 --> 00:13:05,230
ู„ูˆ Alpha ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ZeroุŒ ุจู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู€ Cos ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
189
00:13:05,230 --> 00:13:10,590
ู…ุชุนูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ู„ูˆ Alpha ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ZeroุŒ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† Electric
190
00:13:10,590 --> 00:13:15,070
Field CosุŒ
191
00:13:15,070 --> 00:13:20,370
ุณุฑุนุฉ ุฏูŠ CosุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ
192
00:13:20,370 --> 00:13:23,130
ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ XุŒ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุจุฑูƒุงุดูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Z
193
00:13:23,130 --> 00:13:28,320
directionุŒ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ
194
00:13:28,320 --> 00:13:31,200
Alpha ู„ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ZeroุŒ Alpha ู„ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ZeroุŒ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ
195
00:13:31,200 --> 00:13:34,260
ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ุŸ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒุณุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
196
00:13:34,260 --> 00:13:38,980
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ E nodeุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ุฏูŠ ุจุฏุฃ ุชู‚ู„
197
00:13:38,980 --> 00:13:44,380
ุงู„ amplitudeุŒ decaying as it's propagatingุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
198
00:13:44,380 --> 00:13:46,480
ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ุณุจุจุŸ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ exponentialุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„
199
00:13:46,480 --> 00:13:50,700
amplitude ุชุจุนูŠ ู…ุง ู„ู‡ ู…ุด ุซุงุจุชุŒ as Z increasingุŒ ุงูŠู‡
200
00:13:50,700 --> 00:13:54,600
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ E ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ E ุชุตุฏุฑ minus Alpha ZุŒ ูู…ุน ุงู„ุฒู…ู†
201
00:13:54,600 --> 00:13:59,300
ุงูŠู‡ ู…ุง ู„ู‡ ุจู‚ู„ ุจุณู„ู‡ decayingุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ loss
202
00:13:59,300 --> 00:14:03,000
ู„ูˆ ููŠุด loss ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ Alpha ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ Zero ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนุงู†ุง
203
00:14:03,000 --> 00:14:09,080
loss less media ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
204
00:14:09,080 --> 00:14:13,500
lossy media ู‡ู†ุง
205
00:14:13,500 --> 00:14:17,720
ููŠ ุงู†ุฏูุงุน ู„ูˆ ููŠุด loss ุจุชุถู„ูˆุง ุงู„ magnetic ุงู„
206
00:14:17,720 --> 00:14:22,160
electric field oscillating ู„ infinity ู…ู† ุงู„ุฒู…ู†
207
00:14:27,290 --> 00:14:31,910
ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ E of Z ุฃูˆ T E node E to the
208
00:14:31,910 --> 00:14:35,030
minus alpha Z ูƒูˆุณุงูŠู† ุงู„ Omega T ู…ู† ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ Z X hat
209
00:14:35,030 --> 00:14:38,890
ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ุจุชูุฑุฌูŠู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ู„ุญุธุฉ T equals 0 ู…ุด
210
00:14:38,890 --> 00:14:42,250
ู‡ู†ุชูู‚ ุฅู†ู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุฑุณู„ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ู„ูˆ ุจุฏุฃ
211
00:14:42,250 --> 00:14:46,830
ุฃุซุจุช ุงู„ุฒู…ู† ูˆ ุจุฑุณู„ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
212
00:14:46,830 --> 00:14:49,510
.. ุงู„ space ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ T
213
00:14:49,510 --> 00:14:53,330
ูˆ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ Z ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏ T equals 0 ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† E node
214
00:14:53,330 --> 00:14:56,270
E to the minus alpha Z ูƒูˆุณุงูŠู† ุงู„ Beta Z ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
215
00:14:56,270 --> 00:14:59,240
ุฃุฎุฐุชู‡ุง ู‡ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฏูŠ ุน ุงู„ T equals zero ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„
216
00:14:59,240 --> 00:15:02,800
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุงุฎุฐุชู‡ ุทุจ ุนู† ุงู„ T ุจุนุฏ delta T ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†ุŸ
217
00:15:02,800 --> 00:15:08,440
ู…ุดูŠุช ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุณ ู…ุง ู„ู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุจุชู‚ู„ ุนุงู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุน
218
00:15:08,440 --> 00:15:11,760
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ two components ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู† T
219
00:15:11,760 --> 00:15:16,380
equals zero ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู† T ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ delta T ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
220
00:15:16,380 --> 00:15:18,960
between ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ two lines ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ E to the
221
00:15:18,960 --> 00:15:25,180
minus alpha Z ุทุจ ุจุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ุชุดุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ุฏู‡ุŒ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฌูŠุจ
222
00:15:25,180 --> 00:15:29,950
ุงู„ู‚ุชุด ููŠู‡ ุจู†ุนูŠุฏ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุฌุน ุฃุญู„ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุงุช
223
00:15:29,950 --> 00:15:36,910
ุฃุญู„ ุงู„ field H field ุจุณ ููŠ ู‡ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„
224
00:15:36,910 --> 00:15:39,890
electric field ู…ุง ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ X direction ุงู„
225
00:15:39,890 --> 00:15:42,410
propagation ููŠ Z direction ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ H field ู‡ู…
226
00:15:42,410 --> 00:15:45,590
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ Y direction ูˆ ู‡ู… ู…ุชุนุงู…ุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„
227
00:15:45,590 --> 00:15:49,050
transfers electric fields ูˆ magnetic field ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
228
00:15:49,050 --> 00:15:52,010
ุงู„ X ุงู„ electric field ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X ุงู„
229
00:15:52,010 --> 00:15:55,910
propagation ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Y ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Z ุฅุฐุง ุงู„
230
00:15:55,910 --> 00:15:58,410
magnetic field ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Y
231
00:16:01,000 --> 00:16:04,120
ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Y ู…ุชุฃุณูุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ propagation ุจุชู‡ุฒู… ุฃู†ุง ูƒุฐุง
232
00:16:04,120 --> 00:16:08,430
ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ ุญูƒูŠุชู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ field ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
233
00:16:08,430 --> 00:16:11,130
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุญู„ูŠุช ู„ู„ electric field ุจุณ ุฅู† ุงู„ magnet
234
00:16:11,130 --> 00:16:15,410
ููŠู‡ ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Y direction ุฅุฐุง
235
00:16:15,410 --> 00:16:19,570
ุงู„ Hz of t ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†ุŸ real H0 e to the minus alpha
236
00:16:19,570 --> 00:16:23,610
z e to the j omega t minus beta z y hat ูˆููŠ ุฅู†
237
00:16:23,610 --> 00:16:26,990
ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ H0 ูˆ ุงู„ E0 ุฅู† H0 ุงูŠู‡ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ E0 ุนู„ู‰
238
00:16:26,990 --> 00:16:30,710
eta ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุฌูŠุจ .. ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ุญู„ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏุฃ
239
00:16:30,710 --> 00:16:35,900
ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† H0 ูˆ E0 ุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู€ H ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ H
240
00:16:35,900 --> 00:16:38,320
note ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ E note ุนู„ู‰ Eta ูˆ Eta ู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
241
00:16:38,320 --> 00:16:43,140
intrinsic impedance ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง complex quantity ุฃูˆู„ู‹ุง
242
00:16:43,140 --> 00:16:46,300
ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ impedance intrinsic impedance
243
00:16:46,300 --> 00:16:50,940
ุจุชุนุจู‘ุฑ ู„ูŠู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ intrinsic media ุงู„ intrinsic
244
00:16:50,940 --> 00:16:55,310
impedance ุฃูˆ ุงู„ ohmic resistance ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ media ุทุจุŒ
245
00:16:55,310 --> 00:16:59,690
ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ุงุŸ ุฅุชุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ square root ู„ j
246
00:16:59,690 --> 00:17:04,070
omega mu ุนู„ู‰ sigma ุฒุงุฆุฏ j omega epsilon ูƒู…ุฑุฉ ุธู‡ุฑุช
247
00:17:04,070 --> 00:17:07,550
ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ sigmaุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง lossy media ู„ูˆ ุงู„ sigma
248
00:17:07,550 --> 00:17:14,150
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ zeroุŒ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ mu ุนู„ู‰ epsilonุŸ ุงู„
249
00:17:14,150 --> 00:17:20,390
intrinsic impedance ู„ ุงู„ lossless media
250
00:17:24,260 --> 00:17:27,960
ุทุจุนุง ุจุณ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ fields ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ electric field
251
00:17:27,960 --> 00:17:33,040
ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X hat ูˆ ุงู„ propagation ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Z ูู…ูŠู† ุงู„
252
00:17:33,040 --> 00:17:38,900
ุงู„ H field ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Y XY XYZ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุตุญ ุงู‡
253
00:17:38,900 --> 00:17:43,700
XYZ ูุฅุฐุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ H field ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ E field ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
254
00:17:43,700 --> 00:17:46,080
ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ propagation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Beta
255
00:17:46,080 --> 00:17:52,660
ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Z direction ุชู…ุงู…
256
00:17:53,520 --> 00:17:57,260
ูู„ู‚ูŠุช ุฃู†ูŠ ุฌูŠุช ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ุง ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุณุฌู†
257
00:17:57,260 --> 00:18:08,100
ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ zero ูŠุนู†ูŠ lossless ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
258
00:18:08,100 --> 00:18:13,400
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃุชุง ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุชุฌุฒุฑ ู‡ุฏูŠ zero ุงู„ุฌูŠู‡ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุจุนุฏูŠ
259
00:18:13,400 --> 00:18:20,980
ุฌูŠู‡ ุจุชุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุจุณู„ูˆู† ุทุจุนุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ูˆุฒูŠ media
260
00:18:20,980 --> 00:18:26,210
ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† Sigma ู„ุงุชุด ุณุงูˆุฉ Zero ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู†
261
00:18:26,210 --> 00:18:30,430
ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงุชุง ุจุชุธู‡ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ Sigma ู„ุฃู† ุณุจุจ ุงู„ loss ู‡ูˆ
262
00:18:30,430 --> 00:18:34,550
ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ Sigma ุทุจ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุนุจุฑ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ ุงุชุง
263
00:18:34,550 --> 00:18:37,510
ุงู„ุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ุชูŠูˆุช ูˆุงู„ูุงุณ ุจุงู„ุฐุงูƒุฑูŠู† ูŠุง rectangular
264
00:18:37,510 --> 00:18:44,730
form ูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ polar form ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
265
00:18:44,730 --> 00:18:49,550
ุงู„ ุงุชุง ู…ุฌู†ุชูŠูˆุช ูˆ ุณุชุง ุงุชุงู‡ูŠุฏูŠุฑูˆุง ุจุงู„ูƒูˆุง ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑุŒ
266
00:18:49,550 --> 00:18:52,710
ูุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒู… ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงูŠุชู‡ุง ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ X
267
00:18:52,710 --> 00:18:58,470
ูˆ ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ XุŒ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ XุŸ X ูŠุนุจุฑ ุนู† J Omega Mu ุนู„ู‰
268
00:18:58,470 --> 00:19:03,950
Sigma ุฒุงุฆุฏ J Omega EpsilonุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ J ุนู„ู‰
269
00:19:03,950 --> 00:19:07,350
ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุง ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŸ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ J Omega
270
00:19:07,350 --> 00:19:10,590
EpsilonุŒ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ J ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ุน ุงู„ J ูˆ ุงู„ Omega ุจุชุฑูˆุญ
271
00:19:10,590 --> 00:19:14,150
ู…ุน ุงู„ OmegaุŒ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ Mu ุนู„ู‰ Epsilon
272
00:19:17,720 --> 00:19:22,720
ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ minus ู„ุฅู† ุฌูŠ ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุดุฑุงูƒ minus ุฌูŠ
273
00:19:22,720 --> 00:19:28,260
ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ูŠุฌุง ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ุฌูŠ ุฃู…ูŠุฌุง
274
00:19:28,260 --> 00:19:31,040
ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุฌูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌูŠ ุฃู…ูŠุฌุง ู…ุน ุฃู…ูŠุฌุง ูˆูŠุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰
275
00:19:31,040 --> 00:19:34,220
ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู†ูŠูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุธู„ู… ุฏูŠุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
276
00:19:34,220 --> 00:19:38,300
ูˆุงุญุฏ minus ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌูŠ ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ูŠุฌุง ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู„ูˆ
277
00:19:38,300 --> 00:19:42,920
ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุฎุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ real or imaginary
278
00:19:42,920 --> 00:19:47,700
part ุฏู‡ ุฏุฑูˆู ููŠ ุงู„ conjugate ุตุญุŸู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ููŠ ุงู„
279
00:19:47,700 --> 00:19:51,280
conjugate ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† X magnitude ุฃู‚ุจู„ .. ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃูˆู„
280
00:19:51,280 --> 00:19:54,360
ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ rectangular form ุฃุทู„ุจ ู‚ุฏุฑู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู…
281
00:19:54,360 --> 00:19:58,020
ููŠ ุงู„ conjugate ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ J ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุจุณุท
282
00:19:58,020 --> 00:20:04,500
ู…ู† ุฃูˆู…ูŠุฌุง ูˆู‡ู†ุง
283
00:20:04,500 --> 00:20:10,090
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ J ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุจุณุท ู…ู† ุฃูˆู…ูŠุฌุงุญูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ
284
00:20:10,090 --> 00:20:15,410
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ mu ุนู„ู‰ epsilon ููŠ 1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ j sigma ุนู„ู‰
285
00:20:15,410 --> 00:20:20,690
epsilon omega ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ู…ุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ 1 plus sigma ุนู„ู‰
286
00:20:20,690 --> 00:20:25,570
omega epsilon ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ real part
287
00:20:25,570 --> 00:20:28,430
ูˆ imaginary part ุฅุฐุง ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
288
00:20:28,430 --> 00:20:30,850
magnitude ูˆ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุตุญุŸ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ magnitude ูˆ
289
00:20:30,850 --> 00:20:33,770
ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏุฑุจู‡ุง ุจุงู„ conjugate ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏุฑุจ
290
00:20:33,770 --> 00:20:36,470
ุงู„ real part ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ imaginary part ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุชุญุช
291
00:20:36,470 --> 00:20:40,510
ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ ุตุญุŸ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฑุจุนู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ
292
00:20:41,930 --> 00:20:45,810
ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฑุจุนู‡ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ ู…ุฑุฌุน ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ
293
00:20:45,810 --> 00:20:50,950
ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ูŠุฌุง ุฅุจุตู… ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุตุญุŸ ุงู„ุจุณุท ุจุฏูŠ
294
00:20:50,950 --> 00:20:54,450
ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ conjugate ุชุจุนู‡ ูˆ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ
295
00:20:54,450 --> 00:21:00,630
ูˆุงุญุฏ j ุฃูˆ minus j ุจุตูŠุฑ plus ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ูŠุฌุง ุฅุจุตู…
296
00:21:00,630 --> 00:21:06,250
ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ ูˆุงุถุญุŸูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏ ุฑุจุนุชู‡ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ
297
00:21:06,250 --> 00:21:09,270
ุฑุจุนุชู‡ุง ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ูˆ ุจูŠุถู„ู‡ู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ู…ู‡ุง ู‡ุฏ
298
00:21:09,270 --> 00:21:13,450
ุถุฑุจุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ conjugate ูˆ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ
299
00:21:13,450 --> 00:21:16,910
.. ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ ุชุญุช .. ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู„ ุตุญุŸ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ
300
00:21:16,910 --> 00:21:22,170
ู…ูŠูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุณูŠุฌู…ุง
301
00:21:22,170 --> 00:21:29,490
ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู…ูŠุฌุง ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
302
00:21:29,490 --> 00:21:32,370
ู‡ุฏูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ magnitudeุŸ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ุญุทูŠุชุด ุงู‡ ุงู„ X magnitude
303
00:21:34,110 --> 00:21:37,410
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ X magnitude ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ุถุฑุจ ู‡ุงูŠ ููŠ
304
00:21:37,410 --> 00:21:41,370
ุงู„ conjugate ุชุญุช ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠุŒ ุตุญุŸ ุทุจ ู‡ู„ ุฃู†ุช
305
00:21:41,370 --> 00:21:47,090
ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉุŸ ู†ุนู…ุŒ ููŠ ุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุณุคุงู„ุŸ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
306
00:21:47,090 --> 00:21:52,070
thetaุŒ ุฃุญุทู„ู‡ุง ูˆ ุฃุจุณุน ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ thetaุŒ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุนุฑูู†ุง
307
00:21:52,070 --> 00:21:56,890
ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ thetaุŸ ุชุชุนู†ู‰ inverseุงู„ู€ imaginary part
308
00:21:56,890 --> 00:22:00,990
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ real part ุงู„ imaginary ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ real ู‡ุฏูˆู„
309
00:22:00,990 --> 00:22:03,430
ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู‡ูŠุฎุชุตู„ูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ู‡ูŠุฏุฑุจูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ imaginary
310
00:22:03,430 --> 00:22:07,590
ูˆ ู‡ูŠุฏุฑุจูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ real ุตุญุŸ ุจุณ ู‡ูŠุธู„ 10 inverse sigma
311
00:22:07,590 --> 00:22:13,310
ุนู„ู‰ epsilon omega ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุฌูŠุจู†ุง ุงู„ magnitude ูˆ
312
00:22:13,310 --> 00:22:17,070
ุฌูŠุจู†ุง ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุทุจ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠ ุชุจุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญูƒูŠู…
313
00:22:17,070 --> 00:22:22,980
ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑุŸุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠ ุชุจุน ุงู„ X ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠู…ูŠู†ู‡
314
00:22:22,980 --> 00:22:26,340
ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุจุณู† ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฑุจุน ุดูุชูˆู‡ุง ู…ู†
315
00:22:26,340 --> 00:22:32,600
ูˆูŠู† ุฃุฌุชุŸ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุทุจ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ X
316
00:22:32,600 --> 00:22:36,360
ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชุณุงูˆูŠุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุนูˆุฏ ุนู†ู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฌุฒุฑุŒ ุงู„ู…ุฌู„ุฏ
317
00:22:36,360 --> 00:22:41,080
ุงู„ุชุจุน ุงู„ X ููŠ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุฌ ุณุงุชุงุŒ ุตุญุŸ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ
318
00:22:41,080 --> 00:22:45,980
ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠ ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑุŸ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุชุงู†ูŠุŸ ูˆู„ุง
319
00:22:45,980 --> 00:22:53,070
ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู†ู‡ูŠุŸ ูˆู„ุง ุฅูŠุชุงุŸ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ู€ X ุฌุฒุฑ X magnitude ููŠ E
320
00:22:53,070 --> 00:22:55,490
to the J ุซุชุง ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉุŸ ุนุดุงู† ู†ูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„
321
00:22:55,490 --> 00:22:59,650
ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชู†ุจูŠู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ magnitude ู„ X ูˆูƒู…ุงู†
322
00:22:59,650 --> 00:23:04,890
ู‡ุฐู‡ E to the J ุซุชุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ุซุชุง ุงุชุง ู…ุง ู„ู‡ุง
323
00:23:04,890 --> 00:23:12,010
ุซุชุง ุงุชุง ุจุชุณูˆู‰ ู†ุต ุซุชุง ุฃูˆ ุซุชุง ุจุชุณูˆู‰ ุถุนู ุซุชุง ุงุชุง ูˆุงุถุญ
324
00:23:12,010 --> 00:23:16,110
ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุงูŠุฌุช ู‡ุงูŠุŸ ุฅุฐุง ุงู†ุชุงู† ุซุชุง ุงุชุงู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุซุชุง ุงุชุง
325
00:23:16,110 --> 00:23:21,360
ุฅูŠุด ู…ุง ู„ู‡ุงุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุซุชุงุชุงู† ุณูŠุชุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด
326
00:23:21,360 --> 00:23:25,920
ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชุงู† ุณูŠุชุง ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงุจุณู„ูˆู† ุงูˆู…ูŠุฌุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน
327
00:23:25,920 --> 00:23:29,160
ุณูŠุชุง ุงุชุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุณูŠุชุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงูˆู…ูŠุฌุง ุงุจุณู„ูˆู†
328
00:23:29,160 --> 00:23:32,900
ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ุฅู†ู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ูƒูŠู ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุณูŠุชุง ุงุชุง ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ูˆุนุฑูู†ุง
329
00:23:32,900 --> 00:23:36,280
ูƒูŠู ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ magnitude ุฅุฐุง ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูƒุชุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
330
00:23:36,280 --> 00:23:39,140
ุงู„ุงุชุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ impedance intrinsic impedance
331
00:23:39,140 --> 00:23:42,400
ุจุดูƒู„ ุฌุฒุฑ ุฌ ุงูˆู…ูŠุฌุง ุงุจุณู„ูˆู† ู…ุน ู…ูŠูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุฌ
332
00:23:42,400 --> 00:23:45,060
ุงูˆู…ูŠุฌุง ุงุจุณู„ูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ magnitude
333
00:23:45,060 --> 00:23:51,820
ูˆ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูุฑุฌูŠุชูƒู… ูƒูŠู ุชุฌูŠุจูˆู‡ุง ุทุจ ุฅุฐุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ุฅุชุง
334
00:23:51,820 --> 00:23:57,440
ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุฌูŠุจ H ู„ุฅู† ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง H ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฑูŠุงู„ ู„ E node
335
00:23:57,440 --> 00:24:02,580
ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุชุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ H node ูุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ H ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฑูŠุงู„
336
00:24:02,580 --> 00:24:06,480
ุจุฏู„ H node ู‡ุญุท E node ูˆ ุจุฏู„ ุฅุชุง ุญุท ุงู„ู…ุฌู†ูˆู† ุชุจุน ุฅุชุง
337
00:24:06,480 --> 00:24:12,740
ูˆ E to the J ุณุชุฉ ุฅุชุง ุชู…ุงู…ุŸุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ู„ู‡ุง eta ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู†
338
00:24:12,740 --> 00:24:16,140
ุงู„ face difference ุจูŠู† ุงู„ magnetic ูˆ ุงู„ electric
339
00:24:16,140 --> 00:24:22,900
field ุตุญุŸ ุฃู†ู‡ eta ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅู„ู‡ุง magnitude ูˆ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
340
00:24:22,900 --> 00:24:28,960
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุฅูŠู‡ ุฅุชุง magnitude
341
00:24:28,960 --> 00:24:34,040
ูˆ ุฅุชุง ุฌุงุณุชุฉ ุฅุชุง ูู„ู…ู‘ุง ุฃุนูˆุถ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‡ู†ุง
342
00:24:38,420 --> 00:24:43,940
ู†ู‡ูŠุฃ ุฏูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุญู† ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅูŠู‡ ุฅุชุง ู…ุฌู†ุชูŠูˆุช ูˆุฅูŠู‡
343
00:24:43,940 --> 00:24:52,890
ุฅุชุง ุณุชุง ุฅุชุง ุฅุชู†ูŠู† ุณุชุฉ ุฅุชุง ุจุชุณูˆู‰ ุณุชุฉ ุฅุฐุง ู†ู‡ูŠุฃ ุฏูŠ ุฃูˆ
344
00:24:52,890 --> 00:24:56,010
ุงู„ eta ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ face difference
345
00:24:56,010 --> 00:24:59,450
ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ electric ูˆ ุงู„ magnetic field ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง
346
00:24:59,450 --> 00:25:02,430
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† E ู†ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ eta ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ููŠ ุงู„ bus ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
347
00:25:02,430 --> 00:25:06,370
ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ุจุชู†ุถุงู ู„ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ minus theta eta ูู„ู…ุง ุฃุฌูŠ
348
00:25:06,370 --> 00:25:10,430
ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ real part ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠุŸ cosine ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง
349
00:25:10,430 --> 00:25:15,190
ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ magnitude ูˆู‡ูŠ ุทู„ุนุช ู„ููˆู‚ ุฃูƒุชุจู‡ุง ูˆู„ุง ..
350
00:25:16,620 --> 00:25:21,280
ููŠ ุฏุงุนูŠ ูˆู„ุง ููŠุดุŸ ู‡ุฏุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† E ู†ูˆุฏ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
351
00:25:21,280 --> 00:25:24,720
ู…ุง ู†ู†ุณุงุด ุงู„ุฑูŠุงู„ E ู†ูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชุง magnitude ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
352
00:25:24,720 --> 00:25:27,280
E to the minus alpha z ูƒู„ู‡ ูˆ ู‡ุฏุง ู…ุงู„ู‡ .. ู…ุงู„ู‡
353
00:25:27,280 --> 00:25:30,680
ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ a-largy quantity real
354
00:25:30,680 --> 00:25:35,460
ู…ุงุฑุจุน ุฃู†ุง ุญุงุทูŠุชู‡ุง ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุญุทู‡ุง ุฌูˆู‡ ุฃูุถู„ ูุงู†ุง ู‡ุงูŠ
355
00:25:35,460 --> 00:25:42,150
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุนุงุฌู„ู‡ real ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Eto the j omega t
356
00:25:42,150 --> 00:25:46,870
minus beta z ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุชุทู„ุน minus ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ minus theta
357
00:25:46,870 --> 00:25:53,460
eta ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ mean ุงู„ y hat ุงู„ู€ real part ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
358
00:25:53,460 --> 00:25:56,220
ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ cosine ุงู„ Omega T minus Beta Z minus
359
00:25:56,220 --> 00:25:59,280
Theta ุฅุชุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุฃูƒุฏ ุฅุฐุง ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ ุฅุชุง ู‡ูŠ
360
00:25:59,280 --> 00:26:02,500
ุงู„ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ face difference ุจูŠู† ุงู„ electric ูˆ
361
00:26:02,500 --> 00:26:04,460
ุงู„ magnetic field ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ูƒูŠู ู‚ุดุช ุงู„ face
362
00:26:04,460 --> 00:26:07,980
differenceุŸ ุทูŠุจ ู…ู…ุชุงุฒุฉ ู†ูŠู…ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตุจูˆุฑุฉ ุนุดุงู†
363
00:26:07,980 --> 00:26:10,100
ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ slide ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ููŠ ุญุฏ ุฏูˆุดูŠู†ุŸ
364
00:26:26,480 --> 00:26:29,300
ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ electric field ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ magnetic field
365
00:26:29,300 --> 00:26:31,980
ุงู„ู€ electric field ู‡ูˆ E ู†ูุฏ E to the minus Alpha Z
366
00:26:31,980 --> 00:26:35,640
ูƒูˆุณุงูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Omega T minus Beta Z X hat ุงู„ู…agnetic
367
00:26:35,640 --> 00:26:38,600
field E ู†ูุฏ ุนู„ู‰ Eta Magnitude E to the minus Alpha
368
00:26:38,600 --> 00:26:41,800
Z ูƒูˆุณุงูŠู† ุงู„ู€ Omega T minus Beta Z minus Theta Eta
369
00:26:41,800 --> 00:26:45,000
ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ Y hat ุฅุฐุงู‹ ุงู„ electric field ูˆ ุงู„
370
00:26:45,000 --> 00:26:47,240
magnetic field ู…ุงู„ู‡ู… out of phase ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ phase
371
00:26:47,240 --> 00:26:51,760
difference ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŸ Theta Eta ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
372
00:26:51,760 --> 00:26:55,400
electric field leads ุงู„ู…agnetic field ุจTheta Eta
373
00:26:57,890 --> 00:27:02,250
Electric leads ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ signals ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏูˆุงุฆุฑ
374
00:27:02,250 --> 00:27:06,850
ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ The ratio of the magnitude of the
375
00:27:06,850 --> 00:27:10,710
conduction current density Jc to that of the
376
00:27:10,710 --> 00:27:15,110
displacement current density in lossy medias ุงู„ู€
377
00:27:15,110 --> 00:27:18,310
conduction current ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ current density ุฅูŠุด
378
00:27:18,310 --> 00:27:21,390
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†ุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ conduction current sigma E ุนุงุฑููŠู† ูˆ
379
00:27:21,390 --> 00:27:23,490
ุงุญู†ุง ุญุงูุธูŠู† ูˆูŠูƒ ุงู„ conduction current ู‡ูˆ sigma E
380
00:27:23,490 --> 00:27:29,970
ุงู„ displacement current density ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ J = j ฯ‰
381
00:27:29,970 --> 00:27:36,510
J ฮต d/dt ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠ ฮต d/dt ู‡ุชุจู‚ู‰ d D
382
00:27:36,510 --> 00:27:42,990
by dt ุตุญุŸ ู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง j ฯ‰ ฮต E ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
383
00:27:42,990 --> 00:27:47,110
ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†ุŸ ู‡ุชุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ E ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ E ูˆู‡ูŠู‚ุถู„
384
00:27:47,110 --> 00:27:50,130
ุนู†ุฏ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ magnitude ูุฌูŠู‡ ู…ุน ุฌูŠู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ุฌูŠู‡
385
00:27:50,130 --> 00:27:53,610
ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌูŠู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ู‡ูŠู‚ุถู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠ sigma ุนู„ู‰ ฯ‰ ฮต
386
00:27:53,610 --> 00:27:56,730
ู„ู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจูŠู† conduction current ูˆ displacement
387
00:27:56,730 --> 00:28:00,330
currentุŒ ู‡ูŠุดูˆูู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒูŠุŒ ุจุงู„ุฐุงูƒุฑูŠู†ุŒ ุฃู†
388
00:28:00,330 --> 00:28:02,230
ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจูŠู† conduction current ูˆ displacement
389
00:28:02,230 --> 00:28:05,850
current ู‡ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† sigma ูˆ ฯ‰ ฮตุŒ ุฅุฐุง
390
00:28:05,850 --> 00:28:10,390
ูƒุงู†ุช sigma ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑุŒุณูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ
391
00:28:10,390 --> 00:28:12,670
ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ฯ‰ ฮต ุณูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง conduction
392
00:28:12,670 --> 00:28:16,290
current ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุฃู‚ู„ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ุณูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
393
00:28:16,290 --> 00:28:18,630
displacement current ุทุจุนุง ุจุฑุถู‡ sigma ุนู„ู‰ ฯ‰
394
00:28:18,630 --> 00:28:22,430
ฮต ู‡ูŠ tan ฮธ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† displacement
395
00:28:22,430 --> 00:28:29,070
current ูˆ conduction current ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ tan ฮธ ู‡ูˆ
396
00:28:29,070 --> 00:28:31,630
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ conduction current ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
397
00:28:31,630 --> 00:28:33,710
displacement current ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ conduction current ูˆ
398
00:28:33,710 --> 00:28:36,730
ุงู„ displacement current then ฮธ ุฃูˆ tan ฮธ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
399
00:28:36,730 --> 00:28:39,610
sigma ุนู„ู‰ ฯ‰ ฮต ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ ratio
400
00:28:39,610 --> 00:28:42,470
ุจุงู„ magnitude ุชุจุน ุงู„ conduction current ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
401
00:28:42,470 --> 00:28:48,150
displacement current ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ tan ฮธ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
402
00:28:48,150 --> 00:28:52,480
ุงู„ loss tangent ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนุจุฑู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ loss theta
403
00:28:52,480 --> 00:28:55,120
ุจุชุนุจูŠุฑ ู„ู†ุง ุนู† loss ูุฅุฐุง tan ฮธ is the loss
404
00:28:55,120 --> 00:28:58,400
tangent and ฮธ is the loss angleุŒ ุตุญุŸ ูˆ ุงู„
405
00:28:58,400 --> 00:29:02,000
ฮธ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ 2 ฮธ tanุŒ ุฅุฐุง tan ฮธ
406
00:29:02,000 --> 00:29:04,180
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ loss tangent ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ ratio ุจูŠู†
407
00:29:04,180 --> 00:29:06,180
ุงู„ conduction current ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ displacement
408
00:29:06,180 --> 00:29:09,000
current ูˆ ุงู„ ฮธ is the loss angle of the medium
409
00:29:09,000 --> 00:29:12,380
ุฅุฐุง
410
00:29:12,380 --> 00:29:15,560
ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ูˆุง ุงู„ tan ฮธ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุญุณุจูˆุง ู‚ุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ media ู…ุง
411
00:29:15,560 --> 00:29:20,330
ู„ู‡ุง lossy or lossless or perfect dielectric if
412
00:29:20,330 --> 00:29:24,430
tan ฮธ is very small ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช tan ฮธ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
413
00:29:24,430 --> 00:29:27,750
ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุฑุŒ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง losslessุŒ perfect
414
00:29:27,750 --> 00:29:32,750
dielectric ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช tan ฮธ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ tan ฮธ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
415
00:29:32,750 --> 00:29:35,830
ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูˆู‚ุชุงุดุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุตุญุŸ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
416
00:29:35,830 --> 00:29:38,330
ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ zeroุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง sigma ุฃู‚ู„ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†
417
00:29:38,330 --> 00:29:41,650
ฯ‰ ฮตุŒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง lossless mediaุŒ ูุงู„
418
00:29:41,650 --> 00:29:44,730
sigma ุฃู‚ู„ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ุงู„ loss part ุฃู‚ู„ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ฯ‰
419
00:29:44,730 --> 00:29:51,250
ฮต ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง good conductor ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€
420
00:29:51,250 --> 00:29:53,790
tan ฮธ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ sigma ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†
421
00:29:53,790 --> 00:29:56,370
ฯ‰ ฮตุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ conduction current ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ
422
00:29:56,370 --> 00:30:00,210
ู…ู† displacement current ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ displacement ุฃูˆ ุงู„
423
00:30:00,210 --> 00:30:03,470
behavior ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ mediaุŒ ุชุตุฑูุงุช ุงู„ media ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ
424
00:30:03,470 --> 00:30:07,370
ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ sigma ูˆ ฮต ฮผุŒ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ
425
00:30:07,370 --> 00:30:10,910
ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŒ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ุญุณุงุจู†ุง ู„ู€ ฮท ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุญุณุงุจู†ุง ู„ู„
426
00:30:10,910 --> 00:30:16,350
tan ฮธ ุชุฏุฎู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุงุฑุงู…ุชุฑุงุช ู„ุงุฒู… ุนุดุงู† ุงู‚ุฑุฑ ุฅูŠุด ู†ูˆุน ุงู„
427
00:30:16,350 --> 00:30:19,450
media ุฃูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฑูุฉ ุงู„ sigma ุฅุฐุง ู„ู‡ุง ุชุณุงูˆูŠ zero ู„ู‡ุง
428
00:30:19,450 --> 00:30:23,610
ุชุณุงูˆูŠ zero ุฅุฐุง lossy media ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ zero lossless
429
00:30:23,610 --> 00:30:28,430
media ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุน ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ูƒู… doctor ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
430
00:30:31,210 --> 00:30:34,630
but also on the frequency ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
431
00:30:34,630 --> 00:30:37,930
frequency ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฅู† ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูƒู… ููŠ
432
00:30:37,930 --> 00:30:41,750
sigma ูˆ ฯ‰ุŸ ู…ูŠู† ุจุชุญูƒู…ุŸ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ฯ‰ ุฅุฐุง ฯ‰
433
00:30:41,750 --> 00:30:45,530
ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ ฯ‰ ุจุชุฃุณูุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ฯ‰ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
434
00:30:45,530 --> 00:30:49,610
ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ู‡ุชุจูŠู† sigma ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ high
435
00:30:49,610 --> 00:30:52,990
frequency ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ behavior ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ media ู…ู†
436
00:30:52,990 --> 00:30:56,610
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ frequency ุฅุฐุง ููŠ high frequencyุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู…ุงู†
437
00:30:56,610 --> 00:31:01,010
ู†ุณุชู†ุชุฌู‡ุงุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุฅุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง sigma ูˆ also ฮผ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ
438
00:31:01,010 --> 00:31:05,270
ุฌุฏุง ู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ behavior ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ mediaุŒ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„
439
00:31:05,270 --> 00:31:09,470
frequencyุŒ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ฯ‰ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†
440
00:31:09,470 --> 00:31:14,530
sigmaุŒ ู‡ูŠุชุตุฑู ุงู„ media ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุต ู„ุต ุจูŠุฑููŠูƒุชุงู„
441
00:31:14,530 --> 00:31:19,370
ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูŠูƒูŠุŒ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ฯ‰ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ low frequencyุŒ
442
00:31:19,370 --> 00:31:22,530
ู‡ุชุชุตุฑู ุงู„ media as a good conductorุŒ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ
443
00:31:27,260 --> 00:31:29,680
a medium regarded as a good conductor at low
444
00:31:29,680 --> 00:31:32,720
frequencies ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุญูƒูŠุชู‡ at low frequency ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
445
00:31:32,720 --> 00:31:38,460
ุนู†ู‡ good conductor and at low frequency maybe ูŠุตูŠุฑ
446
00:31:38,460 --> 00:31:42,240
good dielectric at high frequency ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุด good
447
00:31:42,240 --> 00:31:45,660
conductor ุนู†ุฏ high frequency ูุนู†ุฏูŠุฌูŠ ู„ุฃ tan ฮธ
448
00:31:45,660 --> 00:31:49,020
ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ sigma ุนู„ู‰ ฯ‰ ฮต ุนู„ู‰ ฯ‰ ฮต
449
00:31:49,020 --> 00:31:52,200
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ tan 2 ฮธ tan
450
00:31:52,200 --> 00:31:54,360
ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ sigma ุนู„ู‰ ฯ‰ ฮต ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†
451
00:31:54,360 --> 00:31:59,830
ุงู† ุงู„ ฮธ ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ 2 ฮธ tan ู„ู€ curl H ุŒ
452
00:31:59,830 --> 00:32:03,330
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† sigma ุฒูŠ j ฯ‰ ฮต EุŒ
453
00:32:03,330 --> 00:32:06,090
ุดูู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ displacement current ูˆ conduction
454
00:32:06,090 --> 00:32:09,330
currentุŒ ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† maxwell's equations ููŠ ุงู„ phasor
455
00:32:09,330 --> 00:32:13,300
representation ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช j ฯ‰ ฮต ู…ุนุงู‡ู… ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ
456
00:32:13,300 --> 00:32:16,200
ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ H ูˆุงุญุฏ minus j ฯ‰ ฮต ุนู„ู‰ j ฯ‰
457
00:32:16,200 --> 00:32:19,900
ฮต ุตุญุŸ ุจุณ ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ุง ูˆ ุทู„ุนุชู‡ุง ุจุฑุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† H ูˆุงุญุฏ
458
00:32:19,900 --> 00:32:22,440
ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู‡ู†ุง minus j ฯ‰ ฮต ุนู„ู‰ j ฯ‰ ฮต
459
00:32:22,440 --> 00:32:26,720
ููŠ ู…ูŠู† ููŠ EุŸ ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุชุนูˆุฏูŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู„ H
460
00:32:26,720 --> 00:32:34,440
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ j ฯ‰ ฮต E ู‡ุณู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ฮต c ุนุดุงู† ุฃู†ุง
461
00:32:34,440 --> 00:32:39,620
ู…ูŠุฒู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ complex E ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงุฎุชุตุงุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ H
462
00:32:41,160 --> 00:32:45,420
ูŠูƒูˆู† j ฯ‰ ฮต c E ูˆ ฮต c ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
463
00:32:45,420 --> 00:32:48,220
conjugate ุฃูˆ ุงู„ complex ฮต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ real ูˆ
464
00:32:48,220 --> 00:32:53,660
imaginary ุจุนุถู‡ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฅู†ู‡ real ูˆ imaginary ุจุนุถู‡ ู‡ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
465
00:32:53,660 --> 00:32:58,360
ฮต ููŠ 1-j sigma ุนู„ู‰ ฯ‰ ฮต ุฃูˆ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ
466
00:32:58,360 --> 00:33:01,520
ุงูƒุชุจ ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ ฮต minus j sigma ุนู„ู‰ ฯ‰
467
00:33:01,520 --> 00:33:05,660
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ real part ู‡ุณู…ูŠู‡ ฮต' ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
468
00:33:05,660 --> 00:33:08,640
imaginary part ู‡ุณู…ูŠู‡ ฮต'' ฮต
469
00:33:08,640 --> 00:33:11,920
' ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ imaginary part ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ฮต ุงู„ู„ูŠ
470
00:33:11,920 --> 00:33:14,720
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ุงู„ permittivity ุจุชุงุนุฉ
471
00:33:14,720 --> 00:33:18,120
ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ฮต'' ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† sigma ุนู„ู‰ ฯ‰
472
00:33:19,230 --> 00:33:22,010
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ู†ูŠ media ุฅู„ุง ฮต ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูƒุฐุงุŒ ู†ุนุฑู ุฅู†
473
00:33:22,010 --> 00:33:24,610
ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ real part ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุงู„ imaginary partุŒ
474
00:33:24,610 --> 00:33:30,790
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ sigma ุนู„ู‰ ฯ‰ุŒ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุทูŠุจุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€
475
00:33:30,790 --> 00:33:34,070
ฮต c ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ Complex Permittivity of the
476
00:33:34,070 --> 00:33:38,010
MediaุŒ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ ratio ุจูŠู† ฮต' ูˆ ฮต
477
00:33:38,010 --> 00:33:40,550
''ุŒ ฮต'' ู…ุน ฮต'ุŒ
478
00:33:40,550 --> 00:33:43,290
ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชุนุทูŠู†ุงุŸ sigma ุนู„ู‰ ฯ‰ ฮต ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆ ู…ุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ
479
00:33:43,290 --> 00:33:49,550
tan ฮธ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒุชุจู†ุง ุชู„ุงุช ุชุณูƒูŠุฑ ุฅุฐุง ุฃูˆู„
480
00:33:49,550 --> 00:33:51,590
ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฑุฌุนุช ู„ู€ Maxwell's equation ููŠ ุงู„ phase of
481
00:33:51,590 --> 00:33:55,630
representation ูˆูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุฑุช ุนู†ู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ู‡ูŠ j ฯ‰
482
00:33:55,630 --> 00:34:00,070
ฮต complex ฮต complex ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
483
00:34:00,070 --> 00:34:04,150
ฮต ูˆ sigma ุนู„ู‰ ฯ‰ ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุณู…ูŠุชู‡ุง ฮต
484
00:34:04,150 --> 00:34:07,290
' ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ real part ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุณู…ูŠุชู‡ุง real part ูˆ ู‡ูŠ
485
00:34:07,290 --> 00:34:09,670
sigma ุนู„ู‰ ฯ‰ ุณู…ูŠู†ู‡ุง ฮต'' ุงู„ู„ูŠ
486
00:34:09,670 --> 00:34:10,730
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ imaginary part
487
00:34:13,420 --> 00:34:16,220
ุฅุฐุง ฮต c is called a complex permittivity of
488
00:34:16,220 --> 00:34:18,560
the medium. Notice that the ratio of ฮต''
489
00:34:18,560 --> 00:34:24,620
ู…ุน ฮต' ู‡ูŠ tan ฮธุŒ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ
490
00:34:24,620 --> 00:34:28,320
ูˆูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ู„ู„ูˆุซู„ุซ ุฏูŠุงู„ูƒุชุฑูŠูƒุŒ ุงู„ูˆุซู„ุซ ุฏูŠุงู„ูƒุชุฑูŠูƒ ุฃู†ุง
491
00:34:28,320 --> 00:34:31,840
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฌู‡ุฒูƒู… ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุดุฑุญุŒ ุจู‚ุงุฑู†ูƒู… ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆุซู„ุซุŒ ุงู„ูˆุซู„ุซ
492
00:34:31,840 --> 00:34:36,760
sigma ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ zeroุŒ ุทุจุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ูˆุซู„ุซ
493
00:34:36,760 --> 00:34:40,700
ุฏูŠุงู„ูƒุชุฑูŠูƒ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง sigma ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ zero ุฃูˆ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑ
494
00:34:40,700 --> 00:34:44,460
ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅูŠุด high frequency ูŠุนู†ูŠ ฯ‰ ฮต ุฃูƒุจุฑ
495
00:34:44,460 --> 00:34:48,900
ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† sigma ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ sigma ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ zero ููŠ
496
00:34:48,900 --> 00:34:52,680
ู‡ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏ sigma ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ zero lossless ูŠุนู†ูŠ
497
00:34:52,680 --> 00:34:55,960
ู…ุงููŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ losses ฮต ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู€ ฮต
498
00:34:56,510 --> 00:35:01,650
ฮต ุฑุงุญุช sigma ุตุญ ู‡ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช zero sigma ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
499
00:35:01,650 --> 00:35:05,290
part ุฅุฐุง ฮต ู‡ูŠุถู„ ุจุณ ุงู„ real part ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
500
00:35:05,290 --> 00:35:10,070
ฮต 0 ููŠ ฮต r ุชุดูŠู„ ุงู„ complex quantity ุจุณ
501
00:35:10,070 --> 00:35:13,270
real quantity ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุจุทู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ complex ู‡ุฐุง
502
00:35:13,270 --> 00:35:17,190
ุตุงุฑ ุจุณ ููŠ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† prime ุฃูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ real quantity ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
503
00:35:17,190 --> 00:35:21,690
sigma ุฑุงุญุช ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุงู„ complex ููŠ ุณูˆุง ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
504
00:35:21,690 --> 00:35:23,330
Epsilon ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุง ุฅุญู†ุง Epsilon Note ููŠ
505
00:35:23,330 --> 00:35:25,870
Epsilon R ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ permittivity ููŠ ุงู„
506
00:35:25,870 --> 00:35:29,110
space ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ relative permittivity ูˆ Mu ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
507
00:35:29,110 --> 00:35:34,170
ู…ูŠูˆู†ุชุฑ ูˆ Mu R ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุนุŒ ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ
508
00:35:34,170 --> 00:35:38,070
ุชุฑุจูŠุนุŸ ู‡ูŠ J Omega Mu ููŠ Sigma ุฒุงุฆุฏ J Omega Epsilon
509
00:35:38,070 --> 00:35:42,230
ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง real part Alpha ุฒุงุฆุฏ J Beta ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ ..
510
00:35:42,230 --> 00:35:45,290
ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ imaginary ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู†ุŸ ุฃูˆ
511
00:35:45,290 --> 00:35:50,190
ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ ..ุงู„ู€ sigma ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุงู‡ุง 0ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑุŸ
512
00:35:50,190 --> 00:35:53,650
ุฃูˆู…ูŠุฌุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฅุฐุง ุญุทูŠู†ุงู‡ุง 0 ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ 0 ุงู„ุฌูŠู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰
513
00:35:53,650 --> 00:35:56,670
ุงู„ุฌูŠู…ุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง minus ุฃูˆู…ูŠุฌุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆู…ูŠุฌุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆู…ูŠูˆ
514
00:35:56,670 --> 00:36:00,730
ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุฅุฐุง for sigma equals 0 ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุน
515
00:36:00,730 --> 00:36:03,930
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ minus ุฃูˆู…ูŠุฌุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู…ูŠูˆ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃูˆู…ูŠุฌุง
516
00:36:03,930 --> 00:36:08,370
ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูู„ูˆุณุฉุŒ ุตุญุŸ ูู„ูˆุณุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุนุŒ ู…ูŠูˆ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู†
517
00:36:08,370 --> 00:36:12,170
ูู„ูˆุณุฉ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูู„ูˆุณุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุฅุฐุง
518
00:36:12,170 --> 00:36:16,220
ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠู‡ ู‡ุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ู€
519
00:36:16,220 --> 00:36:20,460
-1 ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€j ุฃูˆู…ูŠุฌุง ููŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ู€ฮต ู…ูŠูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅูŠุด
520
00:36:20,460 --> 00:36:24,220
ู‡ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ Alpha ุฒูŠ ุฌูŠ ุจูŠุชุง ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ Alpha ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
521
00:36:24,220 --> 00:36:27,340
Zero ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุดู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ E to the minus Alpha
522
00:36:27,340 --> 00:36:30,740
ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู†ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ู‡ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช Zero ุจุทู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ decaying ู„ู„
523
00:36:30,740 --> 00:36:34,380
amplitude ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ Alpha ุตุงุฑุช Zero ูˆ ุงู„ propagation
524
00:36:34,380 --> 00:36:39,110
constant Gamma ุตุงุฑ ุฌูŠ ุจูŠุชุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Beta ู…ูŠู†ุŸ Beta
525
00:36:39,110 --> 00:36:43,770
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Omega ููŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆ ุฅุจุณู† ุฃูˆ Omega ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
526
00:36:43,770 --> 00:36:46,670
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ Velocity ู„ุฃู† Beta ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ Omega ุนู„ู‰ Velocity
527
00:36:46,670 --> 00:36:49,350
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆ ุฅุจุณู† ุงู„
528
00:36:49,350 --> 00:36:52,870
Velocity Omega ุนู„ู‰ Beta ุฃูˆ Beta ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ Omega ุนู„ู‰
529
00:36:52,870 --> 00:36:55,710
Velocity ูˆ Velocity ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆ
530
00:36:55,710 --> 00:37:03,330
ุฅุจุณู† ูˆุงุถุญ ู…ุนุงู†ุงุŸ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ุฃู†ุช ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ูู†ุฌุงู…ุฉ ุตูุช ุจู‡ูŠูƒ
531
00:37:03,330 --> 00:37:06,970
ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุฆุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„
532
00:37:06,970 --> 00:37:12,950
Omega ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฏู…ูŠุฉ J Omega ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฌุฒุฑ
533
00:37:12,950 --> 00:37:16,750
ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูู„ุณุทูŠู† ู„ุฃู† ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู„ูู„ุณุทูŠู†
534
00:37:16,750 --> 00:37:22,310
ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† C ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆ ู†ูˆุช
535
00:37:22,310 --> 00:37:29,300
ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู‡ู„ ุฐุงูƒุฑูŠู†ุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุฅุฐุง gamma ุตูุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ
536
00:37:29,300 --> 00:37:32,860
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูŠู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฑุชูŠุจ
537
00:37:32,860 --> 00:37:36,300
ุนุดุงู† ุฃุฐูƒุฑ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ beta ู…ุด ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
538
00:37:36,300 --> 00:37:44,570
alpha ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ beta ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฌูŠ ุจูŠุชุง ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
539
00:37:44,570 --> 00:37:47,610
Alpha ุฒูŠ J Beta Alpha ู‚ู„ู†ุง Zero ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุณ ุงู„ J
540
00:37:47,610 --> 00:37:51,650
Beta ุฒูŠ ุฃู† Beta ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ Omega ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Velocity
541
00:37:51,650 --> 00:37:54,810
ุฃูˆ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ Velocity ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุง
542
00:37:54,810 --> 00:37:58,410
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุฒูŠ Omega ุนู„ู‰ Beta ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
543
00:37:58,410 --> 00:38:01,630
Velocity ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ูŠูˆ ุฃุจุณู„ูˆู† ูˆ Lambda ูƒู…ุงู† ุฅุญู†ุง
544
00:38:01,630 --> 00:38:04,470
ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ูƒุชุจู†ุงู‡ุง ุจุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ Beta ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Two Pi ุนู„ู‰
545
00:38:04,470 --> 00:38:08,450
Beta ุฃูˆ Beta ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ Two Pi ุนู„ู‰ Lambda ู…ุชุฐูƒุฑูŠู† ูƒู„
546
00:38:08,450 --> 00:38:11,270
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุญูƒูŠ ุฃู‡ ุจุชุฏุฑุณ ุฃูˆู„ ุจูˆุฑ ู…ุงุดูŠ
547
00:38:15,250 --> 00:38:19,610
ูƒู…ุงู† ู‚ูŠุชู‡ุงุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุนุฑูู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ุฌ ุฃู…ูŠุฌุง ู…ูŠูˆ
548
00:38:19,610 --> 00:38:23,590
ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุฌ ุฃู…ูŠุฌุง ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู†ุŒ ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆุฉ ุฒูŠุฑูˆุŒ
549
00:38:23,590 --> 00:38:26,870
ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุฏูŠ lossless mediaุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุณูŠุฌู…ุง ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆุฉ ุฒูŠุฑูˆุŒ
550
00:38:26,870 --> 00:38:28,830
ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ ุฌ ุฃู…ูŠุฌุง ู…ุน ุงู„ุฌ ุฃู…ูŠุฌุงุŒ ุฅุฐุง ู‚ูŠุชู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด
551
00:38:28,830 --> 00:38:30,990
ุจุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู†ุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุทูˆู„ ุนุฑูุชู„ูƒู…
552
00:38:30,990 --> 00:38:34,610
ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตู…ุจูˆุฑุฉุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ intrinsic impedance ู‡ูŠ
553
00:38:34,610 --> 00:38:38,290
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู…ูŠูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู†
554
00:38:41,310 --> 00:38:43,870
ุทุจ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ู…ุงููŠุด difference ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ูˆ
555
00:38:43,870 --> 00:38:46,550
ู…ุงููŠุด real ูˆ imaginary part ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ูุงุณ ุฒูŠุฑูˆ
556
00:38:46,550 --> 00:38:49,910
ุฅุฐุง ู…ุงููŠุด ูุงุณ ุจูŠู† actually ุงู„ูุงุณ ุจูŠู† actually ููŠ
557
00:38:49,910 --> 00:38:52,850
ุงู„ lossless media ู…ุงููŠุด ูุงุณ difference ุจูŠู† ุงู„
558
00:38:52,850 --> 00:38:57,790
electric ูˆ ุงู„ magnetic field ุฅุฐุง
559
00:38:57,790 --> 00:39:00,790
ุฃู†ุช ู…ุงู„ู‡ู… ุงู†ูุงุณ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ free space ุงู„ free space
560
00:39:00,790 --> 00:39:04,810
ู…ุงู„ู‡ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ lossless media sigma ุนู†ุฏูŠ equal
561
00:39:04,810 --> 00:39:08,570
zero ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู†ูˆุช ุงู„ ู…ูŠูˆ ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ู…ูŠูˆ
562
00:39:08,570 --> 00:39:13,400
ู†ูˆุช ุงู„ูุง ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฒูŠุฑูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆุง ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุฅุญู†ุง
563
00:39:13,400 --> 00:39:17,360
ุจุณ ุจุนูˆุฏ ุนู† ู…ูŠูˆ ู…ูŠูˆ ู†ูˆุฏ ูˆ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู†ูˆุฏ ุจูŠุชุง
564
00:39:17,360 --> 00:39:20,400
ุฃูˆู…ูŠุฌุง ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ ู…ูŠูˆ ู†ูˆุฏ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู†ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃูˆู…ูŠุฌุง ุนู„ู‰
565
00:39:20,400 --> 00:39:25,460
ุณูŠ ุณูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุน ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ ู…ูŠูˆ
566
00:39:25,460 --> 00:39:30,180
ู†ูˆุฏ ุฅุจุณู„ูˆู† ู†ูˆุฏ ูˆ ู„ุงุจุฏุง ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆ ุจุงูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุจูŠุชุง ุณูŠ ุทุจุนุง
567
00:39:30,180 --> 00:39:32,540
ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุชู…ุงู… ู…ุชุฑ per second
568
00:39:33,750 --> 00:39:37,170
ู‡ุฏู‰ ุงู„ speed of light in the vacuum ู‡ูŠ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุญุณุจู‡ุง
569
00:39:37,170 --> 00:39:39,290
ุนู„ู‰ ููƒุฑุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุนุฑู ุงู„ู€ฮผูŠูˆ ู†ุฏ ูˆ ุจุนุฑู ุฅุจุณู„ ู†ุฏ
570
00:39:39,290 --> 00:39:43,370
ูุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ุง ุตุญ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฅุชุง
571
00:39:43,370 --> 00:39:46,270
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฅุชุง ู†ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู…ู† ู†ุฏ ุฅุจุณู„ ู†ุฏ ุจุชุทู„ุน
572
00:39:46,270 --> 00:39:48,950
ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุนูˆุถุช ุนู† ุงู„ ุจุงูŠุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน
573
00:39:48,950 --> 00:39:52,750
ุชู„ุชู†ูŠุฉ ุณุจุนูŠู† ุฃู… ุฅุฐุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุญุณุจ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ intrinsic
574
00:39:52,750 --> 00:39:57,430
impedance ู„ู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุฃูˆ ู„ู„ vacuum ุฃูˆ ุงู„ free space ุฌุฒุฑ
575
00:39:57,430 --> 00:40:02,730
ู…ู† ู…ูŠูˆ ู†ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุจุณู„ ู†ุฏ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุชู†ูŠุฉ ุณุจุนูŠู† ุฃู… etanode
576
00:40:02,730 --> 00:40:04,790
is called the intrinsic impedance of the free
577
00:40:04,790 --> 00:40:05,130
space
578
00:40:10,520 --> 00:40:14,420
ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ fields ููŠ ุงู„ free space ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
579
00:40:14,420 --> 00:40:17,220
electric field ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃู†ุง ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ ู…ุซุงู„ ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
580
00:40:17,220 --> 00:40:21,080
ุงู„ x direction ุงู„ propagation .. ุงู„ polarization
581
00:40:21,080 --> 00:40:23,940
ุชุจุนู‡ ุงู„ polarization ุชุจุน ุงู„ electric field ูˆ ุงู„
582
00:40:23,940 --> 00:40:27,180
propagation ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ z direction ุฅุฐุง ุงู„
583
00:40:27,180 --> 00:40:29,820
polarization ุชุจุน ุงู„ electric field ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ x
584
00:40:29,820 --> 00:40:34,500
direction ุนุงู…ู„ู‡ ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ z direction ุงู„ู€ H
585
00:40:34,500 --> 00:40:39,600
ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ Y XYZ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ
586
00:40:39,600 --> 00:40:43,280
ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Y ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ H ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Y direction ูˆ ุจุฑุถู‡
587
00:40:43,280 --> 00:40:45,980
propagating ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Z direction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
588
00:40:45,980 --> 00:40:48,940
polarization ุชุจุน ุงู„ H ููŠู‡ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Y ูˆ ู…ุงู„ู‡
589
00:40:48,940 --> 00:40:51,380
traveling ูˆูŠู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ Z direction ุจุฑูˆุญ ูˆ ู…ุงู„ู‡
590
00:40:51,380 --> 00:40:54,460
traveling ููŠ ุงู„ Z direction ุงู„ E ุงู„ polarization
591
00:40:54,460 --> 00:40:57,460
ุชุจุนู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ X direction ูˆ ู…ุงู„ู‡ traveling along ุงู„ Z
592
00:40:57,460 --> 00:40:57,920
direction
593
00:41:01,250 --> 00:41:04,910
ุฅุฐุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู† E Electric Field ู‡ูˆ E ู†ูˆุฏ Cos Omega T
594
00:41:04,910 --> 00:41:10,030
ู…ุน ู†ุณุจูŠุฉ Z ูุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Xุงุช ุฅุฐุง H ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ H ู†ูˆุฏ Cos
595
00:41:10,030 --> 00:41:13,730
Omega T ู…ุน ู†ุณุจูŠุฉ Z ูุด ูุงุฒุŒ ูุด ูุงุฒ differenceุŒ
596
00:41:13,730 --> 00:41:17,990
ุงู„ูุงุฒ difference ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ZeroุŒ ุงู„ุชู…ูŠู† M ูุงุฒุŒ ูˆ H ู†ูˆุฏ
597
00:41:17,990 --> 00:41:22,470
ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ู‡ุฏ H ู†ูˆุฏ E ู†ูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุชุงุŒ ูุฅุฐุง H ุฅูŠุด
598
00:41:22,470 --> 00:41:26,010
ู‡ุชุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุฃู‡ ู„ุฃ ุฃู†ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุจู‡ุง ูƒู†ุช ู‡ุชุณู…ุนุŒ H ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ H
599
00:41:26,010 --> 00:41:28,850
ู†ูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ E ู†ูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅุชุง Cos Omega T ู…ุน ู†ุณุจูŠุฉ ZุŒ
600
00:41:28,850 --> 00:41:36,030
Y ู‡ุฏุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ููŠู†ุง right hand rule ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„
601
00:41:36,030 --> 00:41:38,310
unit vector ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ polarization ุชุจุน ุงู„
602
00:41:38,310 --> 00:41:40,690
electric field ูˆ ุงู„ unit vector ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„
603
00:41:40,690 --> 00:41:42,910
polarization ุชุจุน ุงู„ magnetic field ูˆ ุงู„ unit
604
00:41:42,910 --> 00:41:47,370
vector ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ propagation ุชุจุน ุงู„ field ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ
605
00:41:47,370 --> 00:41:49,550
right hand rules ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุงู„ cross
606
00:41:49,550 --> 00:41:52,650
product ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุจู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุจุนุทูŠู† ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุจุณ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ right
607
00:41:52,650 --> 00:41:56,950
hand rule ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุŸ K hat cross E hat ู…ุชุณุงูˆุคุชุด ู‡ุฐุงุŒ
608
00:41:56,950 --> 00:42:02,320
ุฅุฐุง K cross E ู…ุชุณุงูˆุคุชุด K hat ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุฑุณู… ุงู„
609
00:42:02,320 --> 00:42:07,640
right hand rule ุงู„ุฏู‚ุฑุฉ
610
00:42:07,640 --> 00:42:15,880
ุจุชุงุนุชูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† K hat E hat H hat ุตุญุŸ ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
611
00:42:15,880 --> 00:42:22,520
ุจูƒุชุจู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ A K hat ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ู… ู…ุชุนูˆุฏูŠู† A E hat E
612
00:42:22,520 --> 00:42:30,130
A H hat ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ K hat cross E hat ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง H hat
613
00:42:30,130 --> 00:42:36,130
K hat cross H hat ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง minus E hat E hat cross
614
00:42:36,130 --> 00:42:40,970
H hat ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง K hat ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐุง E cross H ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง K
615
00:42:40,970 --> 00:42:45,410
K cross E ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง H ู„ูƒู† K cross H ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง minus E
616
00:42:45,410 --> 00:42:48,610
ุฃูˆ
617
00:42:48,610 --> 00:42:51,310
ุงุญูุธูˆุง ุงู„ cycling ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ K E H
618
00:43:04,540 --> 00:43:07,400
ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ propagation ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุงุช plane waves
619
00:43:07,400 --> 00:43:10,980
and its representation ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุฒูŠ ุงู„ electric
620
00:43:10,980 --> 00:43:13,720
field traveling ุจูู„ุณุทูŠูˆ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X
621
00:43:13,720 --> 00:43:18,060
direction ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ representation ุชุจุนู‡ ุจุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
622
00:43:18,060 --> 00:43:21,320
ุชูˆุถูŠุญู‡ ุญู„ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุทู„ุน ุทุงู„ุน ู†ุงุฒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุณ ู‡ุงูŠ
623
00:43:21,320 --> 00:43:24,580
ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ circular waves
624
00:43:24,580 --> 00:43:29,380
ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ representation ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฏูˆุงุฆุฑ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ
625
00:43:29,380 --> 00:43:32,600
ุฃุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุฌู†ุจ ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุทุงู„ุนุฉ ู†ุงุฒู„ุฉ ุฎุท ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู…ุŒ
626
00:43:32,600 --> 00:43:35,160
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุดูˆูุŸ ู‡ุดูˆู
627
00:43:35,160 --> 00:43:43,120
ุฎุท ุทุงู„ุน ู†ุงุฒู„ุŒ ุทุงู„ุน ู†ุงุฒู„ุŒ ุตุญุŸ ุฎุทูˆุท ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ุŸ
628
00:43:43,120 --> 00:43:45,680
ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ูƒู…ุงู† ุฃูˆุถุญุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูˆุถุญุŒ ุงู„ู€
629
00:43:45,680 --> 00:43:48,820
planes ุจุชุงุนู‡ู…ุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ planes ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉุŒ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ
630
00:43:48,820 --> 00:43:53,020
ุงู„ู€ propagation ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ source ูˆ
631
00:43:53,020 --> 00:43:56,080
ุนู…ู„ู‡ุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ circular wavesุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
632
00:44:04,940 --> 00:44:08,420
ุทุจุนุง ุฃูŠ source ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุงุŒ ุฃูŠ source ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู†ู‡
633
00:44:08,420 --> 00:44:12,240
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุฃู†ู‡ spherical ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู†ู‡ุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุถ
634
00:44:12,240 --> 00:44:15,120
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉุŒ ุจุณ ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฐู†ุงุด ุงุญู†ุง spherical wavesุŒ
635
00:44:15,120 --> 00:44:17,900
ู„ูƒู† ููŠ .. ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ source ุจุชุจูŠู† ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง spherical
636
00:44:17,900 --> 00:44:21,040
wavesุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ source ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ plane
637
00:44:21,040 --> 00:44:23,820
wavesุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุณุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง plane
638
00:44:23,820 --> 00:44:26,700
wavesุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูˆุตู„ู†ุง .. ูˆุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ุง
639
00:44:26,700 --> 00:44:31,620
ุชูˆุตู„ู†ุง plane waves plane waves ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ intensity ููŠ ูƒู„
640
00:44:31,620 --> 00:44:34,000
ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ planes ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู€
641
00:44:34,000 --> 00:44:36,880
plane waves ุงู„ู€ intensity ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู€
642
00:44:36,880 --> 00:44:40,340
planes ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุฃูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฃุฌูŠุจ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูˆุฃุนุฏู‘ู‡ุง
643
00:44:40,340 --> 00:44:45,730
ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ plane ุจู„ุบุฉ ุงู„ู€ intensity ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจุต
644
00:44:45,730 --> 00:44:49,330
E and ู‡ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ plane waves in the free space ุจุต E
645
00:44:49,330 --> 00:44:53,330
and H fields ุฃูˆ E and waves are everywhere normal
646
00:44:53,330 --> 00:44:57,050
to the direction of propagation ู‡ุฐุง ุญูƒุงูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€
647
00:44:57,050 --> 00:45:01,470
plane waves ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู…ุนุงู‡ู… ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู€ electric ูˆ ุงู„ู€
648
00:45:01,470 --> 00:45:04,570
magnetic field ู…ุชุนู…ุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถุŒ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุชุนู…ุฏูŠู†
649
00:45:04,570 --> 00:45:07,910
ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง plane waves in the free spaceุŒ
650
00:45:07,910 --> 00:45:10,070
ู„ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุชุนู…ุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถุŒ ูƒู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุง ููŠุด phase
651
00:45:10,070 --> 00:45:13,330
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ E ูˆ ุงู„ู€ M ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ electric ูˆ ุงู„ู€
652
00:45:13,330 --> 00:45:15,730
magnetic field ู…ุงุฑู‡ู… normal to the direction of
653
00:45:15,730 --> 00:45:18,770
propagation ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€
654
00:45:18,770 --> 00:45:22,810
traveling they form an EM wave and have no
655
00:45:22,810 --> 00:45:25,230
electric or magnetic field components along the
656
00:45:25,230 --> 00:45:27,710
direction of propagation ู„ู‡ู… ู…ุด ุฃูŠ component ุงุชุฌุงู‡
657
00:45:27,710 --> 00:45:30,410
ุงู„ู€ direction of propagation ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช E ููŠ ุงู„ู€ X
658
00:45:30,410 --> 00:45:34,170
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ H ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Y ูˆ ุงู„ู€ propagation ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Z ู…ุง ููŠุด
659
00:45:34,170 --> 00:45:36,670
ุฃูŠ component ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Z direction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
660
00:45:36,670 --> 00:45:40,010
ุงู„ู€ travel ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง Transverse Electric
661
00:45:40,010 --> 00:45:43,590
Magnetic Fields ุจู†ุถูŠู ูƒู„ู…ุฉ T ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ู‰ Transverse
662
00:45:43,590 --> 00:45:46,730
Electric Magnetic Transverse Electric ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุณ ุงู„ู€
663
00:45:46,730 --> 00:45:48,250
electric field ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ propagation
664
00:45:48,250 --> 00:45:50,870
Transverse Magnetic ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ magnetic field ุนู…ูˆุฏ
665
00:45:50,870 --> 00:45:53,750
ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ propagation Transverse Electric ู…ุนู†ุงู‡
666
00:45:53,750 --> 00:45:56,430
ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ electric ูˆ ุงู„ู€ magnetic ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠู†
667
00:45:56,430 --> 00:46:00,080
ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ propagation a combination of E and H
668
00:46:00,080 --> 00:46:04,440
is called a uniform plane wave because E or H has
669
00:46:04,440 --> 00:46:07,400
the same magnitude throughout any transverse plane
670
00:46:07,400 --> 00:46:15,620
ู‡ุฏูˆู„
671
00:46:15,620 --> 00:46:19,980
ุงู„ู€ planes ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… transverse planes ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ูˆ
672
00:46:19,980 --> 00:46:22,340
ุฃุญู…ุฑุŒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ุณู…ูŠูŠู† transfer .. ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ
673
00:46:22,340 --> 00:46:25,460
ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ traveling ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู€
674
00:46:25,460 --> 00:46:28,100
planes ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ ูุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ transfers planes
675
00:46:28,100 --> 00:46:33,780
ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงุŒ so if ุงู„ู€ plane ู…ุง ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ plane waves
676
00:46:33,780 --> 00:46:37,220
combination is called uniform plane waves because
677
00:46:37,220 --> 00:46:40,100
ุงู„ู€ E or H has a same magnitude throughout any .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ
678
00:46:40,100 --> 00:46:42,420
ู„ูˆ ุงุฎุชุฑุช ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ planes ูˆ ู‚ุตุฏ ุงู„ู€
679
00:46:42,420 --> 00:46:44,360
electric ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ magnetic ุญู„ู‚ ุงู„ู€ amplitude ู…ุนุงู‡ู…
680
00:46:44,360 --> 00:46:52,000
ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุŒ defined by z constant uniform plane waves
681
00:46:52,000 --> 00:46:55,020
serves as .. ุทุจุนุง z constant ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ูุฑุถูŠู† ุงู„ู€
682
00:46:55,020 --> 00:46:58,860
propagation ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ z ูุงู„ู€ plane z ู…ุซู„ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ set
683
00:46:58,860 --> 00:47:02,620
ุซุงุจุชุฉุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ planes ุงู‡ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู€
684
00:47:02,620 --> 00:47:04,100
propagation ููŠ ุงู„ู€ x directionุŒ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ planes
685
00:47:04,100 --> 00:47:10,140
ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุŸ ุนู†ุฏ x constantุŒ ูˆุงุถุญุŸ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ planes ูุฏูˆุฑ
686
00:47:10,140 --> 00:47:13,020
ุงู„ู€ planes ุงุญู†ุง ูุฑุถูŠู† ุงู„ู€ propagation ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ z ูู‡ุฐุง
687
00:47:13,020 --> 00:47:16,320
ุงู„ู€ plane ู…ุนู„ู‡ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ z ู…ุนู„ู‡ุง ุซุงุจุชุฉ ูˆ expansion ููŠ
688
00:47:16,320 --> 00:47:19,140
ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ x ูˆ ุงู„ู€ y ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ุฎุฏ ุงู„ู€
689
00:47:19,140 --> 00:47:21,440
propagation x ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ planes constant ุนู†
690
00:47:21,440 --> 00:47:23,120
ู…ูŠู† and with certain values of x
691
00:47:27,870 --> 00:47:30,730
ุงู„ู€ Plane waves serves as approximation to
692
00:47:30,730 --> 00:47:33,970
practical waves such as those from a radio antenna
693
00:47:33,970 --> 00:47:39,470
a distance sufficiently far from radiating source
694
00:47:39,470 --> 00:47:42,110
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจู‚ูŠูŠุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ source ุนู†
695
00:47:42,110 --> 00:47:46,930
ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏู‚ูŠุณ ููŠู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุตุงุฑ plane waves ุฒูŠ
696
00:47:46,930 --> 00:47:49,790
ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุงู„ู€ radio waves ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจุนูŠุฏ ูƒุชูŠุฑ
697
00:47:49,790 --> 00:47:53,010
ุจุชูˆุตู„ู†ูŠ plane waves ุจุฏุงูŠุชู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† circle ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง
698
00:47:53,010 --> 00:47:57,230
ุจุฏุฃ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง circular waves ู„ูƒู† ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ
699
00:47:57,230 --> 00:48:01,950
ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุนู†ู‡ุง plane waves ุฃู…ุซู„ุชู‡ุง
700
00:48:01,950 --> 00:48:05,310
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ radio antenna ุฃู†ู‡ุง
701
00:48:05,310 --> 00:48:08,610
ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ radiating source ุฃู†ุง ุจุชูˆุตู„ู†ูŠ
702
00:48:08,610 --> 00:48:11,330
ุงู„ู€ radio waves ูˆ ุงู„ู€ radiating source ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุจุนูŠุฏ
703
00:48:11,330 --> 00:48:11,890
ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนู†ูŠ
704
00:48:21,930 --> 00:48:25,210
ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุจุนุฏูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนู†
705
00:48:25,210 --> 00:48:28,810
ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ radio waves ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
706
00:48:28,810 --> 00:48:32,130
ู…ุตุฏุฑ ู„ู„ู€ radio waves ูˆ ุจู‚ูŠุณู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุฒูŠ
707
00:48:32,130 --> 00:48:36,990
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ radio signals radio waves ุฅูŠุด ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง
708
00:48:36,990 --> 00:48:40,030
ู…ุด .. ุชุฌูŠู†ุง ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุจุนูŠุฏ ูุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจู„ู‚ูˆุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ antenna
709
00:48:40,030 --> 00:48:43,290
ุจู„ู‚ูˆุชู‡ุง ูƒุฅู†ู‡ุง plane waves ุจูŠุทูˆุฑู‡ุง plane wavesุŒ
710
00:48:43,290 --> 00:48:46,150
ุจุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ูƒู€ plane wavesุŒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู„ู„ู€ TVุŒ
711
00:48:46,150 --> 00:48:49,070
ุงู„ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ ูุจู„ุทู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃู†ุชู†ุฉ ุนู„ู‰
712
00:48:49,070 --> 00:48:52,270
ุฃู†ู‡ุง plane wavesุŒ ู‡ุฐุง good approximation ู„ู„ู€ signals
713
00:48:52,270 --> 00:48:55,270
ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† source ุจุนูŠุฏ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ู…ู† ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ source
714
00:48:55,270 --> 00:48:59,030
ุงู„ุจุนูŠุฏ ุฃู†ุง ุญูƒูŠุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุณ
715
00:48:59,030 --> 00:49:02,590
ูุจู†ุชุจุฑู‡ุง plane waves ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูˆุตู„ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุฏู‡
716
00:49:02,590 --> 00:49:05,770
ุงู„ู€ approximation ู„ุฅู† ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุทุจุนู†ุง ุจุนูŠุฏ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู†ุดุชุบู„
717
00:49:05,770 --> 00:49:08,110
code conductor code conductor ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
718
00:49:08,110 --> 00:49:11,410
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง omega ุฃู‚ู„ ู„ู€ omega epsilon ุฃู‚ู„ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† sigma
719
00:49:11,410 --> 00:49:16,180
ูŠุนู†ูŠ mean and small frequencies ูŠุนู†ูŠ sigma ุฃูƒุจุฑ
720
00:49:16,180 --> 00:49:19,240
ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† omega epsilonุŒ sigma ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูƒุจุฑู‡ุง
721
00:49:19,240 --> 00:49:22,400
infinityุŒ epsilon ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ epsilon naught ูˆ mu ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ
722
00:49:22,400 --> 00:49:27,740
mu naught mu rุŒ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ conductor ุจูŠูƒูˆู† epsilon
723
00:49:27,740 --> 00:49:30,620
ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ epsilon naughtุŒ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ mu ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ
724
00:49:30,620 --> 00:49:34,730
mu naught mu rุŒ ูุฅุฐุง ุฃุฌู…ุน ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู†ูุณ ุณุงูˆูŠ j
725
00:49:34,730 --> 00:49:39,010
omega mu ููŠ sigma ุฒูŠ j omega epsilon sigma ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง
726
00:49:39,010 --> 00:49:41,350
ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ term ุฅุฐุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุญู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
727
00:49:41,350 --> 00:49:44,050
term ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนูŠู† ู„ุจุนุถ ุญุงุฌุฉ infinity ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุงุฌุฉ
728
00:49:44,050 --> 00:49:47,750
ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ sigma ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† omega epsilon ุฅุฐุง
729
00:49:47,750 --> 00:49:50,390
ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุญู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ term ุจู‚ูˆู„ู‡ู… ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ู„ูŠ
730
00:49:50,390 --> 00:49:54,570
ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ gamma ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจูŠุญุช ุณุงูˆูŠ j omega
731
00:49:54,570 --> 00:50:00,810
mu sigma ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐุง gamma ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุญุช ุณุงูˆูŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุน
732
00:50:00,810 --> 00:50:07,400
ู„ู€ j omega mu sigma ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุงุฑุชุจ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุงุดูƒู„
733
00:50:07,400 --> 00:50:11,800
ุฅูŠู‡ ู‡ูŠ real and imaginary parts ูุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฌุฒุฑ
734
00:50:11,800 --> 00:50:16,580
ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู„ู„ู€ j ูˆุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู„ู€ omega mu ูˆ sigma ูˆุฌุฒุฑ
735
00:50:16,580 --> 00:50:21,120
ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู„ู„ู€ j ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ ุฃุธู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃุฌูŠุน ุฌุฒุฑ
736
00:50:21,120 --> 00:50:25,960
ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฐุงูƒุฑู†ู‡ู… ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู„ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ู€ j ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ู€
737
00:50:25,960 --> 00:50:30,820
ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ j ู„ูƒู† ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
738
00:50:30,820 --> 00:50:34,560
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ j ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
739
00:50:34,560 --> 00:50:39,340
ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ j ููŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ู€ omega mu sigma ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
740
00:50:39,340 --> 00:50:40,260
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
741
00:50:50,560 --> 00:50:53,640
ุจุนู† ุณู‡ู„ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑูˆุง ุชูƒุชุจูˆุง ุนู† ุฌุงุจ ู‡ูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ูุงุฒ
742
00:50:53,640 --> 00:50:59,100
ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ูˆุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชุณุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ by .. by ุนู„ู‰
743
00:50:59,100 --> 00:51:03,360
ุฃุฑุจุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุนู…ู„
744
00:51:03,360 --> 00:51:05,980
representation ู„ู„ู€ by ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู†ุŒ ุณู‡ู„ุŸ
745
00:51:05,980 --> 00:51:12,780
ุจุชุนุฑููˆู† ุฐุงูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุณูู„ ู„ูƒู…ูŠุงุŸ ุฌุฒุฑ
746
00:51:12,780 --> 00:51:13,220
ุงู„ู€ j
747
00:51:17,760 --> 00:51:20,400
ุงู„ู€ j ุงุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุณูˆูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠ e to the j pi
748
00:51:20,400 --> 00:51:25,380
ุนู„ู‰ 2 ูˆู„ุงุŸ ู…ุด ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† cos pi ุนู„ู‰ 2 ุฒูŠ j
749
00:51:25,380 --> 00:51:29,940
sin pi ุนู„ู‰ 2 ู‡ุฐูŠ zero ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† j ูˆ cos pi ุนู„ู‰ 2
750
00:51:29,940 --> 00:51:36,100
ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ุฃ ุฅูŠุด ุฃุฎุฏ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู„ู€
751
00:51:36,100 --> 00:51:43,540
j ู‡ุชุณุงูˆูŠ e to the j ฯ€ ุนู„ู‰ 4 ุตุญุŸู‡ุฏุงุดูˆ ู‡ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
752
00:51:43,540 --> 00:51:48,860
cos ุงู„ ฯ€ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฒูŠ ุงู„ j sin ุงู„ ฯ€ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุน
753
00:51:48,860 --> 00:51:54,140
ู‡ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ j ุจุชุถุงู…ู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุน ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆ
754
00:51:54,140 --> 00:51:59,180
sinู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุน ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุŒ ูุฒุงู†ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠ ุงู„
755
00:51:59,180 --> 00:52:01,700
j ุน ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุนุฑูุชูˆุง ูƒูŠู ุงุฌุงุŸ
756
00:52:09,380 --> 00:52:13,140
ุทุจุนุง ุงุฐุง gamma ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุจู„ุงู‚ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู‡ุง real or
757
00:52:13,140 --> 00:52:17,700
imaginary part ู„ุฃู† sigma ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุถุงูŠู„ุฉ ุงู‡ sigma ุถุงูŠู„ุฉ
758
00:52:17,700 --> 00:52:21,260
ูุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู†ุง j ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ ููŠ sigma ุฃุฎุฏุช ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠ
759
00:52:21,260 --> 00:52:25,240
ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูุจุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ gamma ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 1 ุฒูŠ j ุจุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„
760
00:52:25,240 --> 00:52:29,300
ฯ‰ mu sigma ุนู„ู‰ 2 ุงุฐุง ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ real part ูˆ
761
00:52:29,300 --> 00:52:32,660
ุงู„ imaginary part ู„ูƒู† ู…ุงู†ู‡ู… ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุนุถ ฮฑ ูˆ
762
00:52:32,660 --> 00:52:36,600
ฮฒ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงุฐุง ฮฑ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ฮฒ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฌุฒุฑ
763
00:52:36,600 --> 00:52:40,910
ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ ฯ‰ mu sigma ุนู„ู‰ 2 ุตุญูŠุญุŸ ฯ‰ ุงุด
764
00:52:40,910 --> 00:52:43,930
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ 2ฯ€f ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจูŠุถู„
765
00:52:43,930 --> 00:52:48,650
ฯ€f ู…ูŠูˆ ุณุฌู†ู‡ุŒ ู„ุฐุง ุงู„ ฮฑ ูˆ ฮฒ ุจุนุชู…ู†ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
766
00:52:48,650 --> 00:52:52,590
frequency ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูŠูˆ ูˆ ุณุฌู†ู‡ุŒ ู‚ู…ุงู„ู‡ู… ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„
767
00:52:52,590 --> 00:52:55,790
conductor velocity ุงุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ฯ‰ ุนู„ู‰
768
00:52:55,790 --> 00:52:59,410
ฮฒุŒ ฯ‰ ุนู„ู‰ ฮฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุญ ู„ูˆ ู‚ุณู…ุช ุนู„ู‰
769
00:52:59,410 --> 00:53:05,750
ฮฒุŒ ฯ‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ฯ€f ู…ูŠูˆ ุณุฌู†ู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฏู‰
770
00:53:10,020 --> 00:53:17,620
ุฃุชุณุงูˆู‰ ฯ‰ ุนู„ู‰ ฮฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ ฯ€f mu sigma
771
00:53:17,620 --> 00:53:25,260
ุฃุชุณุงูˆู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ ฯ‰ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ ฯ€f mu sigma ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
772
00:53:25,260 --> 00:53:29,800
ุจุฑุฌุน ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจู†ุง ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุน ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ฯ€
773
00:53:29,800 --> 00:53:31,780
2ฯ€f ฯ‰ ุตุญุŸ
774
00:53:42,340 --> 00:53:45,940
ุทุจุนุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ูƒุชุจ ุทูˆู„ ู…ูˆุฌูŠ ฮ”ฮฒ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰
775
00:53:45,940 --> 00:53:53,460
2ฯ€ ุนู„ู‰ ฮฒ ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ุฃุชุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ intrinsic
776
00:53:53,460 --> 00:54:00,020
impedance ุฌุฒุฑ ฯ‰ ฮผ ุนู„ู‰ ฯƒ ุฒูŠ ฯ‰ ฮต
777
00:54:00,020 --> 00:54:04,300
ฯƒ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุงู‡ู… ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ุตุญุŸ
778
00:54:04,300 --> 00:54:08,600
ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ฯƒ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ infinity ุฃูˆ ุฅุญู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง
779
00:54:08,600 --> 00:54:13,240
ุฅู†ู‡ ฯƒ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ฮต ู…ู† ฮผ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุฑูˆุญุŒ ุฏู„
780
00:54:13,240 --> 00:54:18,060
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ฯ‰ ฮผ ุนู„ู‰ ฯƒ ุฌุฒุฑ ฯ‰ ฮผ ุนู„ู‰
781
00:54:18,060 --> 00:54:21,460
ฯƒุŒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠุชู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฌุฒุฑ
782
00:54:21,460 --> 00:54:28,680
ุงู„ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ ฯ‰ ฮผ ุนู„ู‰ ฯƒ ู‡ุฐูŠ ู…ูŠู† ู‡ูŠุŸ ู‚ู„ู†ุง
783
00:54:28,680 --> 00:54:33,980
j ู‡ูŠ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ e to the j ฯ€ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ j ู„ e to
784
00:54:33,980 --> 00:54:38,910
the j ฯ€ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุน ุตุญุŸุฃุฐุง ู‡ุงุฐูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุจุฏู„ู‡ุงุŸ
785
00:54:38,910 --> 00:54:41,790
ุงู„ุฒู„ุฉ 45 ุฏุฑุฌุฉุŒ ุฃุฐุง ุงู„ูุงุฒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ electric and
786
00:54:41,790 --> 00:54:45,110
magnetic field ููŠ ุงู„ good conductor ุจ 45 ุฏุฑุฌุฉุŒ
787
00:54:45,110 --> 00:54:47,990
ุนุฑูู†ุง ุงู„ูุงุฒ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŒ ููŠ ูุงุฒ ุจุฏู„ุง ู…ู† ฯƒ ู„ุง ุชุณูˆู‰
788
00:54:47,990 --> 00:54:51,490
zeroุŒ ุฃุฐุง ู‡ู… ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ูุงุฒุŒ ููŠ ูุงุฒ difference ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…ุŒ
789
00:54:51,490 --> 00:54:55,950
ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑู‡ 45 ุฏุฑุฌุฉุŒ ุฃุฐุง ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ฮท ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ ฯ‰ ฮผ
790
00:54:55,950 --> 00:54:59,670
ุนู„ู‰ ฯƒุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ูุงุฒ difference ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… 45 ุฏุฑุฌุฉุŒ
791
00:54:59,670 --> 00:55:03,870
ุญูŠุซ ุฅู†ู‡ electric field leads ุงู„ magnetic field ุจ 45
792
00:55:03,870 --> 00:55:09,980
ุฏุฑุฌุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸู‡ูŠ ุงู„ e ุจุณูˆุก e ู†ุถ e ุชุฒูˆ minus ฮฑ z
793
00:55:09,980 --> 00:55:14,520
cos ฯ‰ t minus ฮฒ z x hat ูˆ ุงู„ h ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุนู† e ู†ุถ
794
00:55:14,520 --> 00:55:18,560
ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ ฯ‰ ฮฝ ุนู„ู‰ ฯƒ e ุชุฒูˆ minus ฮฑ z
795
00:55:18,560 --> 00:55:24,320
cos ฯ‰ t minus ฮฒ z minus 45 ุฏุฑุฌุฉy hat ู„ุฃู†ู‡
796
00:55:24,320 --> 00:55:28,820
ู‚ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุชุญุช ุจุชุทู„ุน ู„ููˆู‚ e to the minus j ุงู„ู€ 45 ู
797
00:55:28,820 --> 00:55:31,560
ุงู„ู€ real bar ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง cos ฯ‰ t ู…ุน ู†ุณุจุฉ z ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
798
00:55:31,560 --> 00:55:35,140
45 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ y hat ุงุฐุง ุงู„ electric field ูˆ
799
00:55:35,140 --> 00:55:38,160
ุงู„ magnetic field ู…ุงู„ู‡ู… ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… decaying ููŠ ุงู„
800
00:55:38,160 --> 00:55:43,140
good conductor ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ e to the minus ฮฑ z ู‡ูˆ
801
00:55:43,140 --> 00:55:49,070
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนุจุฑ ู„ูŠู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ decaying ุชุจุน ุงู„ field as the
802
00:55:49,070 --> 00:55:51,710
wave is travelling in the conducting media, its
803
00:55:51,710 --> 00:55:54,850
amplitude is attenuated by a factor of e minus
804
00:55:54,850 --> 00:55:59,570
ฮฑ z ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงุก ุฃุชุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
805
00:55:59,570 --> 00:56:02,190
conductor ููŠ ุงู„ู€ conductor ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซุŸ ู„ู‡ุง
806
00:56:02,190 --> 00:56:05,690
decaying ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู€ conductor ุจุทู„ุช e not cosine
807
00:56:05,690 --> 00:56:08,990
ุตุงุฑุช e not e ุชุฒูˆูŠู† minus ฮฑ z ู…ูุชุฑุฌุช ู‡ุฐุง ุงุชุฌุงู‡
808
00:56:08,990 --> 00:56:11,750
ุงู„ู€ z ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑูƒุงุดู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ free space ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง
809
00:56:11,750 --> 00:56:14,790
conductor ุฃุชุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุฏุฎู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ conductor
810
00:56:14,790 --> 00:56:19,170
ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ุง attenuation ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ุง decaying ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู€
811
00:56:19,170 --> 00:56:23,370
medium ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ e to the minus ฮฑ z ูŠุฑุญู…ูƒู… ุงู„ู„ู‡
812
00:56:23,370 --> 00:56:28,310
ูŠุตู„ุญูƒู… ุงู„ู€ distance ฮ” through which the wave
813
00:56:28,310 --> 00:56:31,490
amplitude decreases to a factor e to the minus 1
814
00:56:31,490 --> 00:56:34,550
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ e to the minus 1 ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ z ุฅูŠุด
815
00:56:34,550 --> 00:56:37,150
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ 1 ุนู„ู‰ ฮฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ ฮ” ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ 1 ุนู„ู‰
816
00:56:37,150 --> 00:56:42,930
ฮฑ ูˆ e ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ 1 ฮฑ ููŠ z ู„ู…ุง z ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ฮ”
817
00:56:42,930 --> 00:56:46,290
ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ูƒุŒ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุฑู ฮ”
818
00:56:49,050 --> 00:56:54,130
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ amplitude e ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„
819
00:56:54,130 --> 00:56:57,690
amplitude ุชุจุนูŠ e not e to the minus ฮฑ z ุจุฏูŠ
820
00:56:57,690 --> 00:57:01,550
ูŠุตูŠุฑ e not ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ amplitude ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ e not e to the
821
00:57:01,550 --> 00:57:06,130
minus ฮฑ e ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุณู…ูŠุช
822
00:57:06,130 --> 00:57:08,970
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ amplitude ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌ
823
00:57:08,970 --> 00:57:12,560
ุนู…ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑู‚ ู‡ู†ุง ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ amplitude e to the
824
00:57:12,560 --> 00:57:16,880
minus one e node ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุทุนุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ
825
00:57:16,880 --> 00:57:20,100
ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ฮ” ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุฒู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ amplitude ู…ู† e
826
00:57:20,100 --> 00:57:24,700
node ู„ e node ููŠ e to the minus one ุงุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ฮฑ
827
00:57:24,700 --> 00:57:28,600
ููŠ ฮ” ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตุญุŸ ุฃูŠู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุŸ ุงุฐุง ฮ” ู‡ุงูŠ
828
00:57:28,600 --> 00:57:32,760
ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ฮฑ ุงุฐุง ุฃุตู„ุง
829
00:57:32,760 --> 00:57:36,020
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุณุงูุฑุช ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ู‚ุฏุฑู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ฮฑ ุงู„
830
00:57:36,020 --> 00:57:39,880
amplitude ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจู‚ู„ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ e to the minus one
831
00:57:40,990 --> 00:57:44,250
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ุง travelling ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ฮ”ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
832
00:57:44,250 --> 00:57:48,190
ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ skin depthุŒ skin depth ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ
833
00:57:48,190 --> 00:57:54,680
ุจุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ conductorุŒ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ skin depth ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ e 2
834
00:57:54,680 --> 00:57:58,980
-1 37% ุงุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุนุจู‘ุฑุช ุนู† ฮ” ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…
835
00:57:58,980 --> 00:58:03,240
ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุจู‚ู„ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ e 2-1 ุฃูˆ 37% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ original
836
00:58:03,240 --> 00:58:07,540
value ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง skin depth ุฃูˆ penetration depth of
837
00:58:07,540 --> 00:58:10,940
the medium e0 e 2-ฮ” 1 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุชุจุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตุจูˆุฑุฉ
838
00:58:10,940 --> 00:58:14,780
ุงู†ุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ฮฑ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงุฐุง ุงู„ skin depth is
839
00:58:14,780 --> 00:58:16,800
a measure of the depth to which electromagnetic
840
00:58:16,800 --> 00:58:20,620
waves can penetrate the medium ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุชู‚ุฏุฑ
841
00:58:20,620 --> 00:58:25,270
ุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ medium ุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุณู…ุฉุŒ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุงุŸ ุฃู†ุง ุฑุณู…ุชู‡ุง
842
00:58:25,270 --> 00:58:28,990
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทูˆุฑุฉุŒ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู†ุฏ e node ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุตุงุฑุช ุนู†ุฏ e to
843
00:58:28,990 --> 00:58:31,070
the minus ูˆุงุญุฏ e node e to the minus ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูŠู‡
844
00:58:31,070 --> 00:58:35,110
point ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชุบูŠุฑุช ู…ู†
845
00:58:35,110 --> 00:58:38,670
e node ู„ e to the minus ูˆุงุญุฏ e node ุณู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ skin
846
00:58:38,670 --> 00:58:41,970
depth ูˆ ฮ” ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ฮฑุŒ ุทุจ ฮฑ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง
847
00:58:41,970 --> 00:58:46,350
ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ุง ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ ฯ€f ฯƒ ฮผ ฯƒุŒ ุงุฐุง ุงู„ ฮ”
848
00:58:46,350 --> 00:58:52,270
ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุน ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ ฯ€f ฮผ ฯƒุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ since ฮฑ
849
00:58:52,270 --> 00:58:55,630
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ฮฒ ุงุฐุง ฮฑ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ฮฒ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ 1 ุนู„ู‰
850
00:58:55,630 --> 00:58:58,290
ฮ” ู…ุด ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ conductor ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ฮฑ
851
00:58:58,290 --> 00:59:02,310
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ฮฒ ุฃูˆ ฮฑ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ 1 ุนู„ู‰ ฮ” ุงุฐุง ฮฑ
852
00:59:02,310 --> 00:59:05,230
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ฮฒ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ 1 ุนู„ู‰ ฮ” ุงุฐุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ e
853
00:59:05,230 --> 00:59:09,130
ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ e node e to the minus z ุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุจุฏู„ e to
854
00:59:09,130 --> 00:59:10,210
the minus ฮฑ z
855
00:59:16,440 --> 00:59:20,800
ู‡ุฐู‡ e to the minus ฮฑ z ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ minus ฮฒ z
856
00:59:20,800 --> 00:59:23,660
ุฃูˆูˆุถู†ุง ู…ู† ฮฑ ูˆ ฮฒ ุจูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ฮ” ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
857
00:59:23,660 --> 00:59:25,400
skin depth ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
858
00:59:30,310 --> 00:59:33,330
plane waves in conductors ู‡ู†ุง in different
859
00:59:33,330 --> 00:59:37,090
frequencies ุจู†ู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ skin depth ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ conductor
860
00:59:37,090 --> 00:59:42,530
ุฒูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู‡ ฯƒ 5.8ร—10โท
861
00:59:42,530 --> 00:59:47,730
Siemens ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุชุฑ ุฌุฏ ูƒู†ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑ ฮผ ุจุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ฮผ
862
00:59:47,730 --> 00:59:52,570
ู†ูˆุฏ ูˆ ฮ” ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† 66.1 ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุฃู ู„ุฃู† ูˆุด ุจุชุงุนุฉ
863
00:59:52,570 --> 00:59:56,880
ู…ูŠุฏุง ุนู„ู‚ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ฮ”ฯƒ ุนุงุฑูุงู‡ุง ฮผ ุนุงุฑูุงู‡ุง ฯ€
864
00:59:56,880 --> 00:59:59,360
ุนุงุฑูุงู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุถู„ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ frequency ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ
865
00:59:59,360 --> 01:00:02,540
ุงู„ู…ุชุบูŠุฑุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุณุจ ุงู„ ฮ” ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ f ฮ” ุจุชุชู†ุงุฒุญ
866
01:00:02,540 --> 01:00:08,420
ู…ู† 1 ุน ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ f ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุจุฑุช f ุชู‚ู„ ฮ” ุงู„
867
01:00:08,420 --> 01:00:15,160
millimeter ุทุจุนุง ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนูˆุถ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ ฮ”
868
01:00:15,160 --> 01:00:18,700
ุจุญุณุจู‡ุง ุจุงู„millimeter ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญุณุงุจุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆุทุฉ ุงุฐุง
869
01:00:18,700 --> 01:00:22,260
ุญุทูŠุช f ููŠ ุงู„ Hertz ุชุชุทู„ุน ู„ฮ” ุจุงู„millimeter ู…ุด
870
01:00:22,260 --> 01:00:27,160
ุจุงู„meter ุทุจ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู†ุฏ 10 ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ skin depth
871
01:00:27,160 --> 01:00:31,980
ุจุงู„millimeter 20.8 ุฒุฏุช ุงู„ frequency 60 ุงู„ skin
872
01:00:31,980 --> 01:00:34,540
depth ู‚ู„ุช ู„ 8.6 ุงู„ frequency 100 ุงู„ skin depth ุฃู‚ู„ ู„ 6.6
873
01:00:34,540 --> 01:00:39,920
500 ุตุงุฑ 99% 104 ุฒุงุฏ ุชุตุงุฑุช ุนุดุฑุฉ kilohertz ุงู‡ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„
874
01:00:39,920 --> 01:00:50,660
.. the scandals point ุณุชุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณุชุฉ
876
01:00:54,220 --> 01:00:57,820
ุณุชุฉ point ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุตุงุฑ
877
01:00:57,820 --> 01:01:01,020
ุณุชุฉ point ุณุชุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู‚ูˆุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุณุชุฉ ุฃุฑุจุน ุดูˆู ุฃุฏุงุด
878
01:01:01,020 --> 01:01:03,380
ู‡ู†ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ penetration ู†ู‚ุฏุฑู‡ ุนุดุฑูŠู† point ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
879
01:01:03,380 --> 01:01:10,340
millimeter ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู‚ุฏุงุด ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณู†ุชูŠู…ุชุฑ ู‚ู„ุช
880
01:01:10,340 --> 01:01:15,480
ู‚ุฏุงุดุŸ 6 ูู‰ 10 ู‡ูˆ ู†ุงู‚ุต 4 ูŠุนู†ู‰ ูŠุง ุฏูˆุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅุดุฑุงุน
881
01:01:15,480 --> 01:01:20,220
ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ conductor ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ skin depth decreases with
882
01:01:20,220 --> 01:01:22,360
increasing frequency ูˆ ุฏู‡ ูˆุงุถุญ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰
883
01:01:22,360 --> 01:01:26,320
ุงุดุชู‚ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ delta ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ alpha ุงู„ู„ู‰
884
01:01:26,320 --> 01:01:29,840
ู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฐุฑ ุชุฑุจูŠุนูŠ sigma f ุฅุฐุง
885
01:01:29,840 --> 01:01:33,000
ุงู„ delta ุจุชู†ุงุณุจ ุนูƒุณูŠุง ู…ุน ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ F ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง
886
01:01:33,000 --> 01:01:38,820
ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ frequency ุจุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ skin depth ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€
887
01:01:38,820 --> 01:01:41,840
Electromagnetic waves can hardly propagate through a
888
01:01:41,840 --> 01:01:45,260
good conductor ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏ good frequencies ุฃูˆ high
889
01:01:45,260 --> 01:01:47,880
frequencies ุจุตูŠุฑ ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ electromagnetic ุงู„ู„ูŠ
890
01:01:47,880 --> 01:01:51,940
ู‡ู… ูŠุฎุชุฑู‚ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ conductor the fields and
891
01:01:51,940 --> 01:01:55,360
currents are confined to a very thin layer ุจุตูŠุฑูˆุง
892
01:01:55,360 --> 01:01:58,580
ู…ุญุจุณูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ thin layer ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ delta ู‡ุฐู‡ of
893
01:01:58,580 --> 01:02:01,280
the conductor surface ุจุชุฎู„ูˆู‡ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ conductor
894
01:02:01,280 --> 01:02:06,320
ุชุจุนู‡ู… ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑู‡ 10 ู‚ูˆุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต 4 ู…ู„ูŠ ู…ุชุฑ for a wire
895
01:02:06,320 --> 01:02:10,440
of radius a it is a good approximation at high
896
01:02:10,440 --> 01:02:13,060
frequency to assume that all of the current flows
897
01:02:13,060 --> 01:02:16,480
in a circular ring of thickness delta ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุง
898
01:02:16,480 --> 01:02:23,980
ุนู†ุฏูŠ wire ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ radius a ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ good
899
01:02:23,980 --> 01:02:27,760
approximation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ู…ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ propagating
900
01:02:27,760 --> 01:02:31,840
in a thin layer ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ thickness ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฏู„ุชุฑ
901
01:02:31,840 --> 01:02:32,680
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
902
01:02:35,750 --> 01:02:38,830
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ different frequencies DC
903
01:02:38,830 --> 01:02:42,690
ุงู„ูุฑู‚ุงู†ุณ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉุŒ ุฒุฑุนุฉุŒ ุงุฐุง ู…ุงู„ู‡ุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ DC
904
01:02:42,690 --> 01:02:45,850
current ูƒู„ู‡ ู…ุงุฑู‚ ู‡ู†ุง cross section area of the
905
01:02:45,850 --> 01:02:48,650
conductorุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ available ููŠ ุงู„ conducting DC
906
01:02:48,650 --> 01:02:51,490
currentุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ conductionุŒ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ู…ุงุฑู‚ ููŠ ูƒู„
907
01:02:51,490 --> 01:02:54,750
conductora cross section area of the same
908
01:02:54,750 --> 01:02:58,190
conductorุŒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ conductor for conducting low
909
01:02:58,190 --> 01:03:02,910
frequency ACุŒ ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุณ ุงู„ current ุจู„ุบ ููŠ
910
01:03:02,910 --> 01:03:08,980
ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒู†ู‰ุŒ low frequency ACู‡ู†ุง ู…ุงู†ุง ุฒุฏู†ุง ุงู„
911
01:03:08,980 --> 01:03:14,320
frequency the same conductor for conducting
912
01:03:14,320 --> 01:03:18,100
high frequency AC ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ AC resistance ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ุงู†ุนุฉ
913
01:03:18,100 --> 01:03:21,380
ุงู„ AC ุจุชู…ู†ุนู‡ ุงู† ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุณุฑู‚ ุจุณ ููŠ ุงู„ skin ููŠ ูˆูŠู†ุŸ
914
01:03:21,380 --> 01:03:26,120
ููŠ skin depth ู„ู‡ delta ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† low
915
01:03:26,120 --> 01:03:28,640
frequency ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุดูˆููˆุง ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู„ skin depth ูƒุงู†
916
01:03:28,640 --> 01:03:31,540
ุฃูƒุจุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ frequency ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
917
01:03:33,040 --> 01:03:37,120
ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุฑุฉ skin effect ู„ู…ูŠู†ุŸ ู„ู„ู‚ุจุฑ penetration
918
01:03:37,120 --> 01:03:40,840
depth depth in steel .. current ู…ุชุฃุซุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ steel
919
01:03:40,840 --> 01:03:44,600
current shown in blue ู‡ุฐุง steel ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ steel
920
01:03:44,600 --> 01:03:49,720
ู‡ู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ low frequency sixty hertz ู‡ู†ุง ุตุงุฑ
921
01:03:49,720 --> 01:03:53,200
ุงู„ู hertz ู‡ู†ุง ูƒุงู† ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† millimeter ุงู„
922
01:03:53,200 --> 01:03:56,820
penetration ู‡ู†ุง ุตุงุฑ ุฎู…ุณุฉ millimeter ุงู„ penetration
923
01:03:58,120 --> 01:04:01,140
ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ penetration depth start point ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ุงู„ุบุงู…ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
924
01:04:01,140 --> 01:04:05,400
ุจูŠุฏูŠู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ delta ุจุชุงุนุชู†ุง ุฃู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ุงู„ุบุงู…ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
925
01:04:05,400 --> 01:04:08,520
ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† millimeter ู‡ู†ุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ millimeter
926
01:04:08,520 --> 01:04:11,600
ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ุงู„ุบุงู…ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚ ุงู„ุบุงู…ูŠ going ุณุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
927
01:04:11,600 --> 01:04:12,620
millimeter ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
928
01:04:15,950 --> 01:04:18,190
ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ plane waves in a good conductor ุฅูŠุด ู…ุณุชู†ุชุฌ
929
01:04:18,190 --> 01:04:20,870
ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง skin effect is a tendency of high
930
01:04:20,870 --> 01:04:23,470
frequency currents to flow on the surface of a
931
01:04:23,470 --> 01:04:26,870
conductorุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ู‰ skin depth effect ุฃูˆ skin effect
932
01:04:26,870 --> 01:04:32,310
ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุขุฎุฑุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ุจู…ูŠู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠู„ู very tiny ring
933
01:04:32,310 --> 01:04:36,030
ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ conductorุŒ ุฃูุง conductorุŒ ุจุฏุฎู„ุด ููŠ ุฌุจู‡ุŒ
934
01:04:36,030 --> 01:04:40,550
ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ high frequencyุŒ ูŠู„ู ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ the
935
01:04:40,550 --> 01:04:43,810
effective conductor cross-section decreases and
936
01:04:43,810 --> 01:04:47,010
the conductor resistance increasesุŒ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ู…ุงู†ุนุฉ
937
01:04:47,010 --> 01:04:49,970
ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ frequencyุŒ ุงู„ effective cross
938
01:04:49,970 --> 01:04:52,630
-sectionุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุชูŠุงุฑ ุจู‚ู„ุŒ ูˆ ุฅูŠุด
939
01:04:52,630 --> 01:04:56,050
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ู…ุงู†ุนุฉุŒ ู…ุงู†ุน ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉุŒ ูุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑุด
940
01:04:56,050 --> 01:04:59,920
ูŠุฎุชุฑู ูƒู„ conductor is used to advantages in many
941
01:04:59,920 --> 01:05:02,800
applications ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ skin effect since the
942
01:05:02,800 --> 01:05:06,740
skin depth in silver is very small ุงู„ skin depth ุงู„
943
01:05:06,740 --> 01:05:10,460
silver ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุตุบูŠุฑ silver plating is often used to
944
01:05:10,460 --> 01:05:14,340
reduce the material cost of wavelengths components
945
01:05:14,340 --> 01:05:17,940
silver plating ูˆ ุงู„ brass ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ูˆุง ุชูƒุงู„ูŠู ุงู„
946
01:05:17,940 --> 01:05:23,380
material ูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ู…ุญุทูŠู† ุงู„ silver plating ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
947
01:05:23,380 --> 01:05:28,580
ู‡ูˆ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ brass hollow conductors ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุง
948
01:05:28,580 --> 01:05:32,180
ู‡ูŠ ูŠุงู…ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุนุงุฑูุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุจุณ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠู„ู ุจุฑุง ุจูˆูุฑ ู…ุงุฏุฉุŒ
949
01:05:32,180 --> 01:05:35,640
ุจุนู…ู„ูˆุด ู…ุตู…ุท ู…ู„ูŠุงู†ุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุจุณ ู‡ูŠู„ู ุนู„ู‰ ุฑูŠู†ุฌ ุจุณูŠุทุŒ
950
01:05:35,640 --> 01:05:39,200
ุจุนู…ู„ูˆุง ู…ุงู„ ูˆ ูŠูุฑู‚ูˆุงุŒ ุจูˆูุฑ ู…ุงุฏุฉ hollow conductors are
951
01:05:39,200 --> 01:05:42,540
used in solid conductors in outdoors television
952
01:05:42,540 --> 01:05:46,200
antennas and thus saving weights and costุŒ ู…ุงุนุฑูุด
953
01:05:46,200 --> 01:05:50,980
ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุฐูƒุฑูˆู‡ู… ุงู„ antennas ุจุชุงุนู‡ู… ุฒู…ุงู† ุงู„ุณูˆุงู†ุงุช ูุงุถูŠุฉ
954
01:05:50,980 --> 01:05:54,440
ู…ู† ุฌูˆุงู‡ู„ู‡ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ current ู…ุงู„ู‡ ุจุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ surface
955
01:05:54,440 --> 01:06:01,760
ูˆุงู†ุง ูˆูุฑุช ุณุนุฑ ุฃุฎู ูˆ ุงู„ุชูˆููŠุฑ ููŠ ู‚ู„ู…ู‡ุง DC
956
01:06:01,760 --> 01:06:06,000
resistance
957
01:06:06,000 --> 01:06:09,480
is given by R<sub>DC</sub> ุจุณูˆุฃู„ ุนู„ู‰ Sigma S ู…ู† ุณุงูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ุง A
958
01:06:09,480 --> 01:06:12,640
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ุน ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุจุชู‚ู„ู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ cross
959
01:06:12,640 --> 01:06:18,790
sectionุงู„ู€ Surface Skin Depth R<sub>S</sub> in Ohm is given
960
01:06:18,790 --> 01:06:24,090
by R<sub>S</sub> 1 ุนู„ู‰ ุณุฌู† ุฏู„ุชุง ุฏู„ุชุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Skin Depth ุงู„ู„ูŠ
961
01:06:24,090 --> 01:06:28,870
ู‡ูŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู„ุจุนูŠ Fฮผ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุฌู† ุฏู„ุชุง real part of
962
01:06:28,870 --> 01:06:33,090
ฮท for a good conductor ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ุฐูŠ ู…ูŠู† ุงู„ R<sub>DC</sub> ูˆ
963
01:06:33,090 --> 01:06:37,250
ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ R<sub>S</sub> ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Skin Resistance ูˆ ุงู„ AC
964
01:06:37,250 --> 01:06:42,850
Resistance ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู…ูŠู† 1 ุนู„ู‰ ุณุฌู† ุฏู„ุชุง ฮฉ L
965
01:06:42,850 --> 01:06:47,020
ู‡ุฐูŠ ู…ู† ุฃุณูุฉ Lุงู„ู„ูŠ L R<sub>S</sub> ุนู„ู‰ ฮฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ AC
966
01:06:47,020 --> 01:06:52,960
resistance ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุงู„ skin resistance R<sub>S</sub> ูˆุญู†ูˆู‚ู
967
01:06:52,960 --> 01:06:56,280
ู„ุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ุฎู„ุต ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุชุจุนู†ุง ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุงุฏู… ุงู† ุดุงุก
968
01:06:56,280 --> 01:06:59,580
ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุจู†ูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ wave ุงู„ good ุงู„ plane waves
969
01:06:59,580 --> 01:07:03,040
ุงู„ good conductor ุงูŠุด ุจุชูุฑู‚ ุนู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
970
01:07:03,040 --> 01:07:06,320
free space ูˆูŠู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุญุตุงุฆุต ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ