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الـ .. الـ .. هاي المحاضرة الثالثة بال financial |
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environments أو الـ investment environment يعني |
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3 |
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البيئة المالية فاحنا بنحكي بال separation of |
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ownership separation of ownership بتعني اللي هو |
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الفصل الإداري أو الفصل بين المستويات الإدارية و |
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just to remind you أنذكركم أن المرة الفاتة the |
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previous meeting we talked about the separation of |
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ownership الفصل في المستويات الإدارية for instance |
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عند الـ board of directors الـ board of directors is |
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being elected by the owners okay elected ثم مجلد |
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المديرين اختاروا الاختصارات الاختصارات |
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E1 E2 E3 E4 ثم الموظفين الآن باعتبار القوانين |
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الجديدة |
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14 |
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in the separation of ownership the departments or |
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let's say the board of directors should be |
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separated from the executive يعني مجلس الإدارة |
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لازم يكون منفصل عن المدراء الـ managers كمان الـ |
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managers be careful the managers shouldn't have |
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executive functions |
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مش لازم يكون عندهم executive functions هذه صارت |
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آخر شيء يعني بعد 2007 صار ضروري المدراء اللي |
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بيشاركوا في إدارة الشركة في مجلس الإدارة يعني لو |
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كان عندي هنا مدراء managers هدول الـ managers |
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should be separated from the executives مش لازم |
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يدخلوا في إدارة الشركة بيحطوا هم بس الـ strategies |
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بيحطوا الـ strategias okay وما بيدخلوش في المهمة |
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التنفيذية للشركة ليش؟ عشان حتى المدراء نفسهم لما |
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بيحطوا الـ strategies و يطلبوا من الـ executive |
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المدراء التنفيذي ينفذوا هذه يظل المدراء دورهم دور |
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30 |
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رقابي على الـ executives و إلا لو كانوا تدخلوا فيها |
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فلو كان في خطأ ممكن يخبوه so this is why should be |
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32 |
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separation between the board of directors and the |
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33 |
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executives and in the same vein في نفس الطريقة |
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34 |
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الناس الموجودين في الـ board of directors مش لازم |
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يتدخلوا في أعمال المدراء okay exactly يعني هم they |
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36 |
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are setting the strategies بيحطوا الـ strategies |
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37 |
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and they are observing what the executive doing |
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يعني هم بيحطوا بيطلعوا بيشوفوا بيراقبوا إيش الـ |
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executive بيسووا المدراء التنفيذيين and in the same |
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40 |
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.. in the same way كمان هدول الـ executives هدول |
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41 |
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الناس الموجودين بالـ .. بالمديريات التنفيذية مهمتهم |
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42 |
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00:03:24,490 --> 00:03:29,890 |
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تنفيذ العمل حسب what is the strategy is saying حسب |
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43 |
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الاستراتيجية شو بتحكي يعني بدكم هم عملهم مرتبط |
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44 |
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00:03:33,630 --> 00:03:36,970 |
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بالاستراتيجية مابتدخلش الـ board of directors |
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45 |
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00:03:36,970 --> 00:03:40,650 |
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بشغلهم okay كمان هم مابتدخلوا في الـ .. في الـ board |
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46 |
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00:03:40,650 --> 00:03:43,270 |
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of directors الـ board of directors هم أعضاء مجلس |
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47 |
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الإدارة did you write it |
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48 |
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الـ board of directors هم أعضاء مجلس إدارة كمان مرة |
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49 |
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00:03:54,840 --> 00:03:59,020 |
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هدول أعضاء مجلس إدارة بس بيحطوا الاستراتيجيات they |
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50 |
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are setting the headlines الخطوط العامة للشركة |
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51 |
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okay و بعدين they send it off to the executives |
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52 |
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المدراء التنفيذيين المدراء التنفيذيين ما عليهم إلا |
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53 |
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00:04:10,560 --> 00:04:12,740 |
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يقوموا بتنفيذ هذه المهم okay |
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54 |
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00:04:15,010 --> 00:04:19,370 |
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لكن شو اللي صار؟ اللي صار أنه المدراء التنفيذيين الـ |
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55 |
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executives or the executive managers صاروا they |
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56 |
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prefer their personal objectives rather than their |
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57 |
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strategies صاروا يفضلوا مصالحهم الشخصية على مصالح |
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58 |
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الشركة okay so what is the solution? the corporate |
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59 |
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governance الـ .. الـ .. الحل هو وجود الـ corporate |
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60 |
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governance اللي هو الحوكمة اللي احنا بنحكي فيها |
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61 |
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بالـ corporate governance طيب شو الـ corporate |
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62 |
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governance؟ what it means الحوكمة؟ اه تفضلوا |
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63 |
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00:04:53,540 --> 00:05:00,320 |
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الحوكمة شو معناها؟ what it means governance؟ يارا |
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64 |
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نترك الإجابة لكم اه تفضلوا احكي بالعربي |
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65 |
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00:05:10,410 --> 00:05:15,210 |
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صح؟ صح؟ يعني هي عبارة عن الـ rules, regulations |
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66 |
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that organize the relationship between the .. the |
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67 |
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owners and the .. the executives or the board of |
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68 |
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directors مين عنده كمان شغلة؟ okay اتفضلي |
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69 |
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00:05:34,440 --> 00:05:36,800 |
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صحيح؟ و أيضا هي من القوانين اللي تقلد المعايشة |
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70 |
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00:05:36,800 --> 00:05:41,220 |
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العداد البارية لكتير من المستخدمين. Okay صح okay The |
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71 |
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set of laws and decisions to achieving quality and |
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72 |
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excellence in performance by selecting the |
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73 |
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operation method to achieve the plans and |
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74 |
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00:05:50,960 --> 00:05:55,400 |
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objectives Okay so according to your definition it |
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75 |
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00:05:55,400 --> 00:05:59,280 |
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means the executives are free to select the |
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76 |
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policies or the how to transfer the transactions |
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77 |
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00:06:04,720 --> 00:06:09,660 |
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into strategies يعني خلينا بي .. إيش اللي بيصير؟ |
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78 |
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00:06:09,660 --> 00:06:14,260 |
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هدول بيحطوا الـ strategies okay هدول اللي هو الـ |
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79 |
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00:06:14,260 --> 00:06:18,220 |
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executives they translate strategies into actions |
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80 |
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00:06:19,180 --> 00:06:22,560 |
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يعني بيحولوا الـ استراتيجيات إلى أفعال okay into |
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81 |
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00:06:22,560 --> 00:06:27,540 |
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actions these actions should be linked with the |
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82 |
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00:06:27,540 --> 00:06:32,080 |
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strategy لازم يكون مرتبطة بالاستراتيجية Okay for |
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83 |
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00:06:32,080 --> 00:06:35,640 |
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instance على سبيل المثال the main business |
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84 |
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00:06:35,640 --> 00:06:40,020 |
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strategy of the firm is to maximize the |
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85 |
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00:06:40,020 --> 00:06:45,020 |
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shareholder firms or to maximize the firm's value |
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86 |
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00:06:45,020 --> 00:06:48,500 |
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يعني الاستراتيجية الأساسية اللي هو maximize firm |
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87 |
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00:06:48,500 --> 00:06:54,790 |
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value يعني تعظيم قيمة المنشأة تعظيم قيمة المنشأة |
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88 |
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00:06:54,790 --> 00:06:58,370 |
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هذا الاستراتيجية الأساسية now the executive asking |
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89 |
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00:06:58,370 --> 00:07:03,030 |
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themselves what are the actions should be taken to |
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90 |
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00:07:03,030 --> 00:07:08,890 |
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translate the value يعني ما هي الوسائل اللي احنا |
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91 |
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00:07:08,890 --> 00:07:12,570 |
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لازم نستخدمها عشان حتى نقوم بتحقيق الاستراتيجية |
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92 |
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00:07:12,570 --> 00:07:18,170 |
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okay this is a big question okay for instance if |
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93 |
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00:07:18,170 --> 00:07:23,440 |
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we talk about apple and you know apple شركة apple |
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94 |
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00:07:23,440 --> 00:07:28,920 |
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so the apple the strategy of apple is to maximize |
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95 |
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00:07:28,920 --> 00:07:35,600 |
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the fan value now this question is sent off to the |
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96 |
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00:07:35,600 --> 00:07:40,260 |
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executives نبعت للـ executive and the executives |
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97 |
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00:07:40,260 --> 00:07:46,620 |
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sets the actions هم دورهم يشتغلوا طيب إيش هيسوي الـ |
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98 |
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00:07:46,620 --> 00:07:49,840 |
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executive السؤال الكبير ان هم بدهم يعزموا الـ fan |
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99 |
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00:07:49,840 --> 00:07:54,590 |
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value طيب إيش أبل لازم تسوي؟ الـ managers بتاعون |
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100 |
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00:07:54,590 --> 00:07:57,430 |
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أبل، شو لازم يعملوا؟ المدراء التنفيذيين، عشان |
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101 |
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00:07:57,430 --> 00:08:01,970 |
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يحققوا هذا الهدف؟ حاولوا يعملوا .. okay how؟ خلينا |
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102 |
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00:08:01,970 --> 00:08:08,510 |
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.. okay okay they follow the rules of the board of |
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103 |
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00:08:08,510 --> 00:08:11,190 |
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directors but how they transfer these into |
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104 |
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00:08:11,190 --> 00:08:14,910 |
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actions؟ يعني هل عملوا مثلًا الـ iPhone 4 و الـ |
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105 |
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00:08:14,910 --> 00:08:19,010 |
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iPhone 5؟ شو الجديد اللي صار بالـ .. okay إذا أنت |
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106 |
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00:08:19,010 --> 00:08:25,280 |
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competition competes the word regarding the product |
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107 |
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00:08:25,280 --> 00:08:29,180 |
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of the iPhone يعني مثلًا بدهم يضيفوا يعملوا |
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108 |
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00:08:29,180 --> 00:08:32,960 |
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developments على الـ iPhone هذا الـ developments |
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109 |
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00:08:32,960 --> 00:08:35,880 |
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بيكون هذا الـ developments يعني على مستوى العالم |
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110 |
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00:08:35,880 --> 00:08:40,060 |
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بحيث كل ما زادوا الـ developments تبعت الـ iPhone |
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111 |
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00:08:40,060 --> 00:08:44,600 |
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اللي بيصير الـ customer بيزيد شراءه لهذه الـ iPhones |
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112 |
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00:08:44,600 --> 00:08:50,150 |
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هتزيد الأرباح هتصير زيادة من الـ maximize value Okay |
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113 |
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00:08:50,150 --> 00:08:53,870 |
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فهم بيسيروا المهندسين الموجودين هنا و الـ marketing |
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114 |
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00:08:53,870 --> 00:08:56,990 |
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و كلهم بيشتغلوا مع بعض how to improve the quality |
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115 |
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00:08:56,990 --> 00:09:01,630 |
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and the services of the iphone 5 تمام إيش الـ |
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116 |
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00:09:01,630 --> 00:09:04,630 |
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services إيش الـ facilities كلها فبالتالي الـ board |
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117 |
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00:09:04,630 --> 00:09:08,910 |
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of directors بس حطوا general strategies وضل هدول |
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118 |
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00:09:08,910 --> 00:09:13,850 |
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دورهم how to do this كيف أن هم يشتغلوا و يحققوا |
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119 |
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00:09:13,850 --> 00:09:19,790 |
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النتائج بتاعة الـ strategies هل الـ strategy .. هدول |
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120 |
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00:09:19,790 --> 00:09:23,850 |
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executives بعد ما يحققوا هاي الأهداف الـ objectives |
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121 |
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00:09:23,850 --> 00:09:28,830 |
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بيجي دول الـ board of directors to see .. بيشوفوا |
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122 |
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00:09:28,830 --> 00:09:33,350 |
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هل هدول حققوا what we are saying or not؟ هل حققوا |
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123 |
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00:09:33,350 --> 00:09:37,980 |
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إيش اللي احنا بنحكي فيه ولا ماحققوش؟ فصار دورهم الـ |
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124 |
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00:09:37,980 --> 00:09:42,920 |
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board of directors is like auditing يتأكدوا من أن |
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125 |
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00:09:42,920 --> 00:09:49,680 |
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الـ executives بيشتغلوا حسب ما يحتاج الـ time إيش |
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126 |
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00:09:49,680 --> 00:09:53,620 |
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كمان له علاقة ال corporate governance أنت كنت بدك |
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127 |
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00:09:53,620 --> 00:09:58,780 |
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تحكي okay it is the act of governing is related to |
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128 |
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00:09:58,780 --> 00:10:05,630 |
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decision that define expectations توقعات يعني it |
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129 |
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00:10:05,630 --> 00:10:09,090 |
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consists of either a separate process or part |
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130 |
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00:10:09,090 --> 00:10:13,270 |
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of the decision making or leadership process okay |
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131 |
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00:10:13,270 --> 00:10:16,310 |
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so هي زي ما اتفضلتها أنه اللي بنعمل separation في |
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132 |
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00:10:16,310 --> 00:10:19,610 |
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ال leadership أن يكون هدول ال board of directors |
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133 |
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00:10:19,610 --> 00:10:22,790 |
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هم بيحددوا بيحطوا ال strategies and they are |
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134 |
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00:10:22,790 --> 00:10:25,410 |
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responsible for this وبعدين ال leadership |
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135 |
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00:10:25,410 --> 00:10:31,010 |
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الموجودين في ال executive level just to focus on |
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136 |
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leading the business Okay how we can do the |
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137 |
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corporate governance it should be transparency you |
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138 |
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know what it means transparency transparency it |
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139 |
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means الوضوح الشفافية الشفافية يعني مثلا ال board |
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140 |
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of directors يكون واضحين الاستراتيجية تبعتهم واضحة |
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141 |
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00:10:54,040 --> 00:10:58,680 |
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ال actions بتاعة ال executives لازم تكون واضحة |
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142 |
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00:10:58,680 --> 00:11:04,250 |
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فبسموها transparency سمعتوها transparency فمن أحد |
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143 |
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00:11:04,250 --> 00:11:08,270 |
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مبادئ ال corporate governance أنه ال executives هم |
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144 |
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بنفذوا الاستراتيجيات تكون هذه الاستراتيجيات واضحة |
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145 |
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and linked with these strategies تكون فيها وضوح مش |
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146 |
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فيها غموض okay why because sometimes executives |
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147 |
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they try to achieve their own objectives بدهم |
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148 |
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يحققوا أهدافهم they should declare that these |
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149 |
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objectives are linked with the strategies لازم |
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150 |
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تكونوا واضحين أن هذه الأهداف هي تابعة لستراتيجية |
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151 |
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المنشأة okay فهذه شغلة اسمها transparency because |
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152 |
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the failure of applying transparency عارفين شو بقى |
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153 |
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because of the failure of applying transparency |
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154 |
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00:11:53,870 --> 00:11:58,130 |
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بسبب أنهم ما فيش لها الشركات المتقدمة الشركات |
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155 |
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00:11:58,130 --> 00:12:00,590 |
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الأوروبية والأمريكية ما فيش لتقديم ال transparency |
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156 |
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00:12:00,590 --> 00:12:06,590 |
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تطبيقها صار في إفلاس لكتير شركات okay أهم هذه |
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157 |
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00:12:06,590 --> 00:12:10,470 |
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الشركات كانت WorldCom okay or worldwide company |
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158 |
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00:12:10,470 --> 00:12:15,590 |
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ثاني أهم شركة في العالم أكبر شركة كانت تنتج الطاقة |
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159 |
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في العالم هي شركة Enron وأنا ب .. يعني I recommend |
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160 |
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you to read why Enron فشلت؟ ليش Enron خسرت؟ خسرت |
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161 |
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Enron بسبب they .. they failed to apply the |
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162 |
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corporate governance خسرت لأنهم ما طبقوش ال |
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163 |
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corporate governance طبعا أنا طلبت منكم تقرأوا |
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164 |
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الكلام هذا، في حد عرف ليش Enron خسرت؟ ليش؟ في صفحة |
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165 |
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ثمانية in page eight أنا حكيت أنهم فشلوا في تطبيق |
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166 |
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ال corporate governance how they fail to apply |
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167 |
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corporate governance |
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168 |
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حكينا من أحد مبادئ ال transparency أحد مبادئ ال .. |
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169 |
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ال .. ال corporate governance ال transparency وكمان |
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170 |
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اللي هو separation of the ownership و |
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171 |
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separation in the .. in the management ليش ال |
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172 |
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Enron ما طبقوش ال .. ال .. ال governance شريك صحيح |
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173 |
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وبالتالي they .. they .. they lose a lot of money |
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174 |
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00:13:23,480 --> 00:13:27,400 |
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عارفين كم خسائر ال Enron؟ كم؟ خسائر شركة Enron |
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175 |
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00:13:27,400 --> 00:13:30,540 |
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مجموعة ما تنفقه الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية على |
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176 |
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00:13:30,540 --> 00:13:36,570 |
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عالم الثالث كله شفتوا قداش؟ شركة Enrol لوحدها لما |
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177 |
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00:13:36,570 --> 00:13:40,270 |
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خسرت لما صار عندهم drop خسرت بمجموع ما تنفقه |
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178 |
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00:13:40,270 --> 00:13:44,550 |
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الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية على عالم الثالث كله طيب |
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179 |
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00:13:44,550 --> 00:13:50,330 |
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السبب الرئيسي لخسرتهم أحد أهم مبادئ ال corporate |
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180 |
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00:13:50,330 --> 00:13:53,630 |
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governance لازم يكون في شغلة اسمها auditing عارفين |
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181 |
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00:13:53,630 --> 00:14:01,210 |
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شو معنى auditing؟ رقابة okay الرقابة نوعين yes we |
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182 |
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00:14:01,210 --> 00:14:03,510 |
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have internal auditing and we have external |
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183 |
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auditing fine so the internal auditors they are |
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184 |
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00:14:08,810 --> 00:14:12,910 |
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manipulating in the financial statements كانوا |
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185 |
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يتلاعبوا في إيش في ال financial statements and |
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186 |
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00:14:17,930 --> 00:14:22,570 |
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they hire a consultations or a consultants from a |
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187 |
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particular company let's say Merrill Lynch |
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188 |
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00:14:28,340 --> 00:14:31,520 |
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شركة Merrill Lynch شركة Merrill Lynch هي أكبر من |
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189 |
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00:14:31,520 --> 00:14:38,740 |
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أكبر الشركات المالية في العالم وكانوا عاملين اتفاق |
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190 |
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00:14:38,740 --> 00:14:46,420 |
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مع Anderson شركة Anderson كانت |
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191 |
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00:14:46,420 --> 00:14:55,400 |
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متفقة مع شركة Enron يقدموا شغلتين احفظوهم Anderson |
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192 |
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00:14:56,920 --> 00:15:01,360 |
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Anderson تدقيق .. تدقيق محاسبي okay يخدموا شغلتين |
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193 |
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00:15:01,360 --> 00:15:06,100 |
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consultation and |
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194 |
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auditing consultation |
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195 |
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00:15:09,940 --> 00:15:16,660 |
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إيش معناها استشارات يخدموهم استشارات okay وفي نفس |
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196 |
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00:15:16,660 --> 00:15:21,660 |
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الوقت إيش يقدمولهم auditing رقابة طب بنفع إيش |
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197 |
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00:15:21,660 --> 00:15:25,590 |
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رأيكم؟ يعني بينفع أنه أنا أعطيك استشارات وفي نفس |
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198 |
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00:15:25,590 --> 00:15:30,670 |
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الوقت أنه أنا أعمل رقابة عليك؟ إذا كان في خطأ |
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199 |
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00:15:30,670 --> 00:15:35,110 |
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بيكون خطأ من وين؟ من ال consultation بالظبط فإذا |
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200 |
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00:15:35,110 --> 00:15:37,810 |
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كان في خطأ فإيش تسوي الشركة Anderson؟ Anderson |
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201 |
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00:15:37,810 --> 00:15:43,610 |
|
تروح تغطي على الأخطاء صارت الأخطاء تكبر تكبر لما |
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202 |
|
00:15:43,610 --> 00:15:46,890 |
|
صار فيه فياليار كبير فلما أذيت ال corporate |
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203 |
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00:15:46,890 --> 00:15:55,760 |
|
governance حكيتلهم لازم يكون في separation فصل بين |
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204 |
|
00:15:55,760 --> 00:16:00,500 |
|
ال auditing services وبين ال consultation services |
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205 |
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00:16:00,500 --> 00:16:05,040 |
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يعني |
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206 |
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00:16:05,040 --> 00:16:09,180 |
|
الشركة اللي بتعمل auditing هي شركة غير اللي بتعمل |
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207 |
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00:16:09,180 --> 00:16:14,000 |
|
consultation وصنعوا قانون هذا القانون كتير مهم |
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208 |
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00:16:14,000 --> 00:16:17,080 |
|
القانون |
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209 |
|
00:16:17,080 --> 00:16:22,360 |
|
المهم اللي عملوه اللي هو Sarbanes-Oxley Act |
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210 |
|
00:16:25,430 --> 00:16:29,910 |
|
Sarbanes Oxley Act اللي هي بيحكي أن it should be |
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211 |
|
00:16:29,910 --> 00:16:36,190 |
|
separated between the consultancy services and the |
|
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212 |
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00:16:36,190 --> 00:16:40,330 |
|
auditing services يعني الخدمات بتاعة التدقيق لازم |
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213 |
|
00:16:40,330 --> 00:16:43,490 |
|
تنفصل عن خدمات الاستشارات المالية والفنية و |
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214 |
|
00:16:43,490 --> 00:16:46,950 |
|
الإدارية لأنه ما بنفع أنه أنا في نفس اللحظة أقدم |
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215 |
|
00:16:46,950 --> 00:16:49,290 |
|
خدمات استشارية وفي نفس اللحظة أعمل رقابة على |
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216 |
|
00:16:49,290 --> 00:16:55,120 |
|
الشركة بيصير إيش publications بظبطش طبعا هدول كانوا |
|
|
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217 |
|
00:16:55,120 --> 00:16:57,200 |
|
هم ال .. ال Arthur Anderson هم المسؤولين عن |
|
|
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218 |
|
00:16:57,200 --> 00:17:00,540 |
|
المشكلة هذه بتتعاون مع مين؟ بتتعاون مع التدقيق |
|
|
|
219 |
|
00:17:00,540 --> 00:17:03,260 |
|
الداخلي في الشركة وصاروا يتلعبوا في الحسابات و |
|
|
|
220 |
|
00:17:03,260 --> 00:17:08,320 |
|
يظهروها حسابات جيدة لما بدأت تصير خسائر في هذه |
|
|
|
221 |
|
00:17:08,320 --> 00:17:12,720 |
|
الشركة okay؟ الكويس أنه كتير تقرأوا عن هذا ال .. |
|
|
|
222 |
|
00:17:12,720 --> 00:17:17,140 |
|
تجربة .. تجربة Enron و .. و .. و السبب أنه صار في |
|
|
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223 |
|
00:17:17,140 --> 00:17:21,680 |
|
stress on the corporate governance طبعا؟ في حد |
|
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224 |
|
00:17:21,680 --> 00:17:22,280 |
|
عنده سؤال؟ |
|
|
|
225 |
|
00:17:25,450 --> 00:17:28,450 |
|
واضح corporate governance معروف إيش معناها |
|
|
|
226 |
|
00:17:28,450 --> 00:17:33,190 |
|
corporate ethics corporate ethics اللي هو أخلاقية |
|
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227 |
|
00:17:33,190 --> 00:17:42,630 |
|
المهنة اللي هو كيف تطبق أخلاقية المهنة مين |
|
|
|
228 |
|
00:17:42,630 --> 00:17:45,350 |
|
يعطيلي أنثى على تطبيق أخلاقية المهنة for instance |
|
|
|
229 |
|
00:17:45,350 --> 00:17:46,530 |
|
corporate ethics |
|
|
|
230 |
|
00:17:54,990 --> 00:17:59,870 |
|
transparency .. transparency okay ethics يعني مثلا |
|
|
|
231 |
|
00:17:59,870 --> 00:18:08,130 |
|
لو شركة من الشركات كان عندي أنا ال .. ال executive |
|
|
|
232 |
|
00:18:08,130 --> 00:18:12,510 |
|
.. ال executives هتقبل .. أنا ما بديش واحد منهم ال |
|
|
|
233 |
|
00:18:12,510 --> 00:18:19,830 |
|
executive و .. و في executive A is .. is highly |
|
|
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234 |
|
00:18:19,830 --> 00:18:25,270 |
|
activated و executive B ما عنده نشاط فمن ناحية |
|
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235 |
|
00:18:25,270 --> 00:18:30,550 |
|
ethics أنه هذا is promoted and this .. the .. the |
|
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236 |
|
00:18:30,550 --> 00:18:35,450 |
|
company may asking this to improve his skills يعني |
|
|
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237 |
|
00:18:35,450 --> 00:18:38,150 |
|
من الطبيعي أن أكون في عندي .. لو عندي مديرين في |
|
|
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238 |
|
00:18:38,150 --> 00:18:41,470 |
|
الشركة، مدير بيشتغل منيح ومدير بيشتغلش منيح، فمن |
|
|
|
239 |
|
00:18:41,470 --> 00:18:45,850 |
|
الغلط أنه أنا أشجع المدير اللي .. اللي ما بيشتغل، |
|
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240 |
|
00:18:45,850 --> 00:18:49,090 |
|
فلازم يكون في عندي وضوح، لازم يكون عندي ethics، |
|
|
|
241 |
|
00:18:49,090 --> 00:18:52,790 |
|
علاقات ال ethics في الشركة، أخلاقيات المهنة بتتطلب |
|
|
|
242 |
|
00:18:52,790 --> 00:18:58,880 |
|
أن أنا أكون fair مع ال executives كمان من أخلاقية |
|
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243 |
|
00:18:58,880 --> 00:19:02,380 |
|
المهنة if they .. the executives doing well إذا |
|
|
|
244 |
|
00:19:02,380 --> 00:19:05,620 |
|
كانوا عملوا شغلات للمنشأة منيحة وقد إيه I should |
|
|
|
245 |
|
00:19:05,620 --> 00:19:09,260 |
|
compensate them لازم أنا إيش؟ أعملهم compensation |
|
|
|
246 |
|
00:19:09,260 --> 00:19:11,980 |
|
كيف ال compensation؟ ال compensation ممكن using |
|
|
|
247 |
|
00:19:11,980 --> 00:19:16,400 |
|
the option rights option rights معناها أنه أنا |
|
|
|
248 |
|
00:19:16,400 --> 00:19:21,180 |
|
أخليهم يلهم حقوق لشراء السهم في الشركة أكيد |
|
|
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249 |
|
00:19:21,180 --> 00:19:26,520 |
|
قرأتوها بال .. بالكتاب اللي اسمها option rights |
|
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250 |
|
00:19:28,120 --> 00:19:33,440 |
|
option rights option rights تعني لو كان سعر مثلا |
|
|
|
251 |
|
00:19:33,440 --> 00:19:37,900 |
|
بالتل، عارفين شركة بالتل؟ شركة الاتصالات، لو كان |
|
|
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252 |
|
00:19:37,900 --> 00:19:44,740 |
|
سعرها مثلا Okay ستة و نص دولار وكان عندي مدير حقق |
|
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253 |
|
00:19:44,740 --> 00:19:49,700 |
|
نتائج غير طبيعية لأنه ناشط وبيشتغلوا منيح و كذا |
|
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254 |
|
00:19:49,700 --> 00:19:52,960 |
|
فكويس من ال ethics انه انا ايش اعمل له compensation |
|
|
|
255 |
|
00:19:52,960 --> 00:19:56,980 |
|
يعني اشجعه فبنشجعه عن طريق شغل اسمه option rights |
|
|
|
256 |
|
00:19:56,980 --> 00:20:01,550 |
|
ال option rights بعدين بحكي للمدير okay ال price |
|
|
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257 |
|
00:20:01,550 --> 00:20:08,950 |
|
now is 6.5 احنا هنعطيك right is option right to |
|
|
|
258 |
|
00:20:08,950 --> 00:20:14,190 |
|
buy this stock at two dollar نعطيك حق تشتري هذا |
|
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259 |
|
00:20:14,190 --> 00:20:18,430 |
|
السهم ب two dollar كويس يعني هو اصلا لو بدو يدفع |
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260 |
|
00:20:18,430 --> 00:20:24,330 |
|
two dollar هيكون ربحان كام four and a half أربعة و |
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261 |
|
00:20:24,330 --> 00:20:31,610 |
|
نص so he has a right to sell his option عارفين كلام |
|
|
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262 |
|
00:20:31,610 --> 00:20:34,990 |
|
هذا بال finance؟ he has a right to sell his option |
|
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263 |
|
00:20:34,990 --> 00:20:38,070 |
|
يعني مثلا لو إجت الجامعة الإسلامية حكتله حكت |
|
|
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264 |
|
00:20:38,070 --> 00:20:43,110 |
|
للمدرسين معكم حق تشتريوا هذا ال laptop حق تشتريوا |
|
|
|
265 |
|
00:20:43,110 --> 00:20:49,400 |
|
ال laptop هذا ب 100 دولار كام؟ 100 دولار حقوا 500 |
|
|
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266 |
|
00:20:49,400 --> 00:20:53,480 |
|
دولار طيب في ناس انا عندي laptop I don't need this |
|
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|
267 |
|
00:20:53,480 --> 00:21:00,120 |
|
فاش بسوي I use my right to sell the laptop يعني |
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268 |
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00:21:00,120 --> 00:21:02,100 |
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انا بستخدم حقي في بيع ال laptop |
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269 |
|
00:21:05,180 --> 00:21:08,900 |
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أحد أي أحد في السوق موجود موجودين option rights |
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270 |
|
00:21:08,900 --> 00:21:11,940 |
|
موجودة في السوق المالي فببيع ال laptop سعره في ال |
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271 |
|
00:21:11,940 --> 00:21:15,240 |
|
market خمس مائة دولار أنا معايا option rights بمية |
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272 |
|
00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:19,680 |
|
دولار أشتريه فأنا باخد الفرق بينهم اللي هو four |
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273 |
|
00:21:19,680 --> 00:21:23,060 |
|
hundred dollar أو الحل الآخر بدفع المية دولار و |
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274 |
|
00:21:23,060 --> 00:21:25,540 |
|
باخد السهم أو الخمس مائة دولار أو ال laptop أو |
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275 |
|
00:21:25,540 --> 00:21:30,330 |
|
الخمس مائة دولار هي بيسموها إيش option rights طبعا |
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276 |
|
00:21:30,330 --> 00:21:33,890 |
|
عدم تطبيق هذه الأمور وعدم تطبيق ال corporate |
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277 |
|
00:21:33,890 --> 00:21:38,090 |
|
governance عملت كتير scandals شايفين هذه scandals |
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278 |
|
00:21:38,090 --> 00:21:41,710 |
|
examples of scandals من ال .. اللي بيسموها الفضائح |
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279 |
|
00:21:41,710 --> 00:21:47,190 |
|
الإدارية والفضائح المحاسبية يعني مش بس إنا إحنا |
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280 |
|
00:21:47,190 --> 00:21:49,950 |
|
موجودة كمان في أوروبا وفي أمريكا صار عندهم فضائح |
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281 |
|
00:21:49,950 --> 00:21:56,770 |
|
كبيرة وكلفت الشركات مبالغ ضخمة حتى ي .. يعالجوا |
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282 |
|
00:21:56,770 --> 00:22:01,630 |
|
هذه المواضيع وبالأخير أنه صار في tightness in the |
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283 |
|
00:22:01,630 --> 00:22:06,730 |
|
applying the corporate governance صار في تشدد في |
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284 |
|
00:22:06,730 --> 00:22:09,130 |
|
تطبيق ال corporate governance وفي تطبيق ال ethics |
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285 |
|
00:22:09,130 --> 00:22:12,470 |
|
في تطبيق إيش ال ethics سنعطيكم مثال على ال ethics |
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286 |
|
00:22:13,970 --> 00:22:17,510 |
|
في ال ethics مثلا اللي بتتطبق في الشركات لو احنا |
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287 |
|
00:22:17,510 --> 00:22:20,650 |
|
عندنا two managers هذه صارت جديدة في أوروبا يعني |
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288 |
|
00:22:20,650 --> 00:22:24,430 |
|
2011 2012 لو عندنا two managers جايين بدهم يتقدموا |
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289 |
|
00:22:24,430 --> 00:22:28,030 |
|
للشركة ب .. ب .. بأعمال واحد is from the middle |
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290 |
|
00:22:28,030 --> 00:22:32,510 |
|
east and one is American واحد من الشرق الأوسط و |
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291 |
|
00:22:32,510 --> 00:22:35,890 |
|
واحد من أمريكا فهم إيش هيفضله؟ هيفضله من بتاع |
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292 |
|
00:22:35,890 --> 00:22:39,210 |
|
الولايات .. ال united states ف according to the |
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293 |
|
00:22:39,210 --> 00:22:43,770 |
|
ethical codes احفظوها ethical codes ethical code |
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294 |
|
00:22:43,770 --> 00:22:48,090 |
|
ethical |
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295 |
|
00:22:48,090 --> 00:22:53,070 |
|
code ال ethical code هي ال .. ال .. ال .. المفاهيم |
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296 |
|
00:22:53,070 --> 00:22:57,110 |
|
الأخلاقية في الشركات it suppose there is no |
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297 |
|
00:22:57,110 --> 00:23:00,090 |
|
differentiation between people from the united |
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298 |
|
00:23:00,090 --> 00:23:03,170 |
|
states and people from the middle east مافيش |
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299 |
|
00:23:03,170 --> 00:23:07,970 |
|
تفارقة okay it depends on their quality or in |
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300 |
|
00:23:07,970 --> 00:23:10,490 |
|
their qualifications طيب نشوف عندنا مثلا في |
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301 |
|
00:23:10,490 --> 00:23:16,090 |
|
الشركات لو كان تقدم رجل أو ولاده أو بنته to the |
|
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|
302 |
|
00:23:16,090 --> 00:23:18,830 |
|
same function and both of them both of them have |
|
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303 |
|
00:23:18,830 --> 00:23:22,170 |
|
the same qualifications which they prefer ladies |
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304 |
|
00:23:22,170 --> 00:23:29,100 |
|
or men we don't know so if they prefer men over |
|
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305 |
|
00:23:29,100 --> 00:23:33,940 |
|
ladies it means this is unethical behavior هذا إشي |
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306 |
|
00:23:33,940 --> 00:23:38,080 |
|
غير أخلاقي okay another example if some people |
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307 |
|
00:23:38,080 --> 00:23:41,480 |
|
living in a particular place and other people they |
|
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308 |
|
00:23:41,480 --> 00:23:44,980 |
|
live in another place and the big manager is |
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309 |
|
00:23:44,980 --> 00:23:50,000 |
|
living nearby one of them so he or she do prefer |
|
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|
310 |
|
00:23:50,000 --> 00:23:54,320 |
|
another one this is against to the ethics So this |
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311 |
|
00:23:54,320 --> 00:23:57,340 |
|
is ethical codes, this is why in some regulations |
|
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312 |
|
00:23:57,340 --> 00:24:00,900 |
|
when you applying your forms they don't need you |
|
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313 |
|
00:24:00,900 --> 00:24:04,340 |
|
to write down specific details about your .. your |
|
|
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314 |
|
00:24:04,340 --> 00:24:07,460 |
|
.. your life or about your personal things يعني في |
|
|
|
315 |
|
00:24:07,460 --> 00:24:11,640 |
|
بعض الحالات الممكن ما يطلبوش تكتب تب اسمك تكتب اسمك |
|
|
|
316 |
|
00:24:11,640 --> 00:24:15,800 |
|
بالطلب لكن لما تروح للجنة اللي بدها تقابلك انه |
|
|
|
317 |
|
00:24:15,800 --> 00:24:20,560 |
|
بيعطوا رقم للطلب ال ethnicity عارفين شو معنى ال |
|
|
|
318 |
|
00:24:20,560 --> 00:24:24,020 |
|
ethnicity اللي العقيدة تبعتك your language وال |
|
|
|
319 |
|
00:24:24,020 --> 00:24:28,100 |
|
religious they disappear this كلها بيخفوها و |
|
|
|
320 |
|
00:24:28,100 --> 00:24:33,420 |
|
بيظهروا بس ال qualifications okay بعد ما يعملوا |
|
|
|
321 |
|
00:24:33,420 --> 00:24:35,440 |
|
filtering بتروح على ال interview وال interview |
|
|
|
322 |
|
00:24:35,440 --> 00:24:38,640 |
|
they just concern of your qualifications if we |
|
|
|
323 |
|
00:24:38,640 --> 00:24:42,610 |
|
don't apply qualifications it means we are breaking |
|
|
|
324 |
|
00:24:42,610 --> 00:24:50,610 |
|
or invading the ethical codes احنا بنعمل يعني خرق |
|
|
|
325 |
|
00:24:50,610 --> 00:24:58,170 |
|
وكسر لأخلاقية المهنة okay ف .. هذا السبب اللي .. |
|
|
|
326 |
|
00:24:58,170 --> 00:25:03,010 |
|
حتى آخر .. آخر .. آخر قضية صارت في فرنسا في هذا |
|
|
|
327 |
|
00:25:03,010 --> 00:25:09,170 |
|
الموضوع أن في بعض الفتيات تقدمنا ل .. للمحاكمة إن |
|
|
|
328 |
|
00:25:09,170 --> 00:25:12,950 |
|
هم أقل حظا من فتيات أخريات بتقدموا لل .. بيسموها |
|
|
|
329 |
|
00:25:12,950 --> 00:25:16,570 |
|
دي ال .. ال guesting services on the flights اللي |
|
|
|
330 |
|
00:25:16,570 --> 00:25:20,630 |
|
خدمات الضيافة في ال .. فهم بفضلوا فتيات عن أخريات |
|
|
|
331 |
|
00:25:20,630 --> 00:25:29,950 |
|
مضيفات فواحدة فرنسية قدمت للمحكمة الفرنسية أنه why |
|
|
|
332 |
|
00:25:29,950 --> 00:25:34,110 |
|
you do prefer them إذا أنتم بتطلبوا الطول بدرجة |
|
|
|
333 |
|
00:25:34,110 --> 00:25:36,670 |
|
معينة إذا بتطلبوا الوزن بدرجة معينة إذا بتطلبوا |
|
|
|
334 |
|
00:25:36,670 --> 00:25:39,430 |
|
كذا كذا كذا and these qualifications and I have |
|
|
|
335 |
|
00:25:39,430 --> 00:25:44,920 |
|
these qualifications so why you don't select me حتى |
|
|
|
336 |
|
00:25:44,920 --> 00:25:48,640 |
|
even the .. the differentiation between ladies |
|
|
|
337 |
|
00:25:48,640 --> 00:25:51,520 |
|
themselves يعني التفريق حتى بين .. بين البنات |
|
|
|
338 |
|
00:25:51,520 --> 00:25:55,280 |
|
نفسهم فهذا بيسموه breaking the ethics ممكن كمان في |
|
|
|
339 |
|
00:25:55,280 --> 00:25:59,120 |
|
.. في .. بين الرجال نفسهم ممكن يكون أنه اتنين رجال |
|
|
|
340 |
|
00:25:59,120 --> 00:26:01,720 |
|
تقدموا لمهنة واحد بيسكن في مكان وآخر بيسكن في |
|
|
|
341 |
|
00:26:01,720 --> 00:26:07,070 |
|
مكان آخر and they break the .. the thing is is to |
|
|
|
342 |
|
00:26:07,070 --> 00:26:10,970 |
|
applying the .. the ethical behavior or ethical |
|
|
|
343 |
|
00:26:10,970 --> 00:26:14,330 |
|
concentration why؟ إذا احنا طبقنا ال ethical |
|
|
|
344 |
|
00:26:14,330 --> 00:26:17,650 |
|
concentration على ال executives وعلى ال non |
|
|
|
345 |
|
00:26:17,650 --> 00:26:21,370 |
|
-executive حتى ال employees we should .. we .. we |
|
|
|
346 |
|
00:26:21,370 --> 00:26:26,090 |
|
keep the highly qualified people إذا .. إذا احنا |
|
|
|
347 |
|
00:26:26,090 --> 00:26:28,610 |
|
متطبقين الكلام هذا نحتفظ في ال highly qualified |
|
|
|
348 |
|
00:26:28,610 --> 00:26:32,460 |
|
people إذا احنا we don't concern about your color, |
|
|
|
349 |
|
00:26:33,580 --> 00:26:37,460 |
|
okay you are male or female, your ethnicity, your |
|
|
|
350 |
|
00:26:37,460 --> 00:26:40,040 |
|
religious, other things, we don't care about this |
|
|
|
351 |
|
00:26:40,040 --> 00:26:45,320 |
|
and we do focus on your qualifications so we keep |
|
|
|
352 |
|
00:26:45,320 --> 00:26:48,620 |
|
the highly qualified people in our company، this |
|
|
|
353 |
|
00:26:48,620 --> 00:26:50,800 |
|
is what Americans, this is what the British, what |
|
|
|
354 |
|
00:26:50,800 --> 00:26:52,640 |
|
the Europeans argue |
|
|
|
355 |
|
00:26:55,980 --> 00:26:58,580 |
|
this is what I'm saying but I don't want to talk |
|
|
|
356 |
|
00:26:58,580 --> 00:27:01,620 |
|
about these things because we are online so they |
|
|
|
357 |
|
00:27:01,620 --> 00:27:05,560 |
|
think .. yes and they هو أصلا الفرنسية كانت she's |
|
|
|
358 |
|
00:27:05,560 --> 00:27:11,820 |
|
.. كانت .. كانت يعني سوداء ولما تخدمت للوظيفة هم |
|
|
|
359 |
|
00:27:11,820 --> 00:27:16,900 |
|
they lay down her file lay down يعني راحوا |
|
|
|
360 |
|
00:27:16,900 --> 00:27:24,230 |
|
استبعدوا طلبها I'm against this okay فحسب ال |
|
|
|
361 |
|
00:27:24,230 --> 00:27:27,650 |
|
ethical code حسب ال ethical code it doesn't matter |
|
|
|
362 |
|
00:27:27,650 --> 00:27:29,990 |
|
what is your color the matter things is your |
|
|
|
363 |
|
00:27:29,990 --> 00:27:34,010 |
|
qualifications بغض |
|
|
|
364 |
|
00:27:34,010 --> 00:27:38,990 |
|
النظر شو لونك شو لغتك شو شكلك الهدف الرئيسي إذا |
|
|
|
365 |
|
00:27:38,990 --> 00:27:46,700 |
|
احنا بدنا نعمل نعمل تقدم في الشركات سلام؟ just for |
|
|
|
366 |
|
00:27:46,700 --> 00:27:49,840 |
|
qualifications if we fail to locate the qualified |
|
|
|
367 |
|
00:27:49,840 --> 00:27:55,840 |
|
people in their places it means it is the good |
|
|
|
368 |
|
00:27:55,840 --> 00:27:59,760 |
|
place to grow the corruption يعني هذا المكان |
|
|
|
369 |
|
00:27:59,760 --> 00:28:05,220 |
|
المناسب حتى الفساد ينمو okay so this is the things |
|
|
|
370 |
|
00:28:05,220 --> 00:28:10,600 |
|
okay هذا صعب كتير ربكم مش بسيط حتى على الأوروبيين |
|
|
|
371 |
|
00:28:10,600 --> 00:28:12,780 |
|
وعلى الأمريكان وعلى كل العالم الشيء مش بسيط مش |
|
|
|
372 |
|
00:28:12,780 --> 00:28:20,010 |
|
بس انا okay ويعني أبحاث كتير أثبتت أنه في ناس كتير |
|
|
|
373 |
|
00:28:20,010 --> 00:28:23,590 |
|
بيعملوا لل qualifications واحد من الأبحاث شاركت |
|
|
|
374 |
|
00:28:23,590 --> 00:28:28,930 |
|
أنا و professora في جامعة Manchester هذا البحث كان |
|
|
|
375 |
|
00:28:28,930 --> 00:28:33,770 |
|
بيحكي عن ال environment violation مرتبط في ال |
|
|
|
376 |
|
00:28:33,770 --> 00:28:38,430 |
|
corporate governance اللي .. اللي هو خرق ال .. |
|
|
|
377 |
|
00:28:38,430 --> 00:28:41,050 |
|
اللهم صلِّ الله عليه وسلم يا محمد .. خرق ال .. ال |
|
|
|
378 |
|
00:28:41,050 --> 00:28:46,920 |
|
.. الأخلاقيات المهنية واحد مصري مسلم كان يصلي في ال |
|
|
|
379 |
|
00:28:46,920 --> 00:28:54,380 |
|
.. أثناء العمل تمام؟ كان يصلي أثناء العمل فصارت |
|
|
|
380 |
|
00:28:54,380 --> 00:28:57,200 |
|
معاه مشكلة because أن هو مسلم they kicked him out |
|
|
|
381 |
|
00:28:57,200 --> 00:29:02,580 |
|
طردوه من العمل وبالتالي هذا ..نفس ال .. نفس ال .. |
|
|
|
382 |
|
00:29:02,580 --> 00:29:06,040 |
|
المشكلة بتصير أنه في smoking area شوفوا ال .. طبعا |
|
|
|
383 |
|
00:29:06,040 --> 00:29:09,920 |
|
هو بنى القضية تبعته على ال justification حكالهم أن |
|
|
|
384 |
|
00:29:09,920 --> 00:29:13,280 |
|
smoking area people spending most of their time in |
|
|
|
385 |
|
00:29:13,280 --> 00:29:16,760 |
|
the smoking place يعني ممنوع التدخين داخل ال .. |
|
|
|
386 |
|
00:29:16,760 --> 00:29:22,080 |
|
داخل المكتب فبيروحوا بيدخلوا خارج المكتب and they |
|
|
|
387 |
|
00:29:22,080 --> 00:29:25,580 |
|
spend from five to ten minutes I'm spending only |
|
|
|
388 |
|
00:29:25,580 --> 00:29:29,440 |
|
five minutes praying إذا كنتم تعقبوا عقبوا الناس |
|
|
|
389 |
|
00:29:29,440 --> 00:29:33,640 |
|
اللي بتدخن برا الشركة، بيدخنوا، they smoking، ليش |
|
|
|
390 |
|
00:29:33,640 --> 00:29:38,800 |
|
أنتوا تعقبوني؟ فالقاضي حكم .. حكم معه وكانت هذه |
|
|
|
391 |
|
00:29:38,800 --> 00:29:42,940 |
|
under the ethical considerations يعني صحيح مش |
|
|
|
392 |
|
00:29:42,940 --> 00:29:46,540 |
|
معايير للشركة أنه تحكي أنه ممنوع الصلاة، لأ |
|
|
|
393 |
|
00:29:46,540 --> 00:29:49,300 |
|
المعايير كانت تالية أنه طالما أنه في ناس بتدخن and |
|
|
|
394 |
|
00:29:49,300 --> 00:29:51,780 |
|
they spending five to ten minutes out of the |
|
|
|
395 |
|
00:29:51,780 --> 00:29:57,960 |
|
building, so this guy he is doing his praying his |
|
|
|
396 |
|
00:29:57,960 --> 00:30:01,780 |
|
favorite things لأنهم ممكن بيعترفوش مثلا أن هذا |
|
|
|
397 |
|
00:30:01,780 --> 00:30:05,680 |
|
دين خلاص his favorite things بيعمل شغلة اللي اللي |
|
|
|
398 |
|
00:30:05,680 --> 00:30:09,500 |
|
بيفضلها and they do this وبالتالي خسرت الشركة مبلغ |
|
|
|
399 |
|
00:30:09,500 --> 00:30:15,180 |
|
مش قليل حتى أنه يعوضوه |
|
|
|
400 |
|
00:30:15,180 --> 00:30:18,700 |
|
يعوضوه لأنه فعلا هي كانت breaking the ethical |
|
|
|
401 |
|
00:30:18,700 --> 00:30:21,830 |
|
considerations فلما احنا نطبق ال ethical |
|
|
|
402 |
|
00:30:21,830 --> 00:30:24,510 |
|
considerations هيكون فيه تحسين في أداء الشركات، |
|
|
|
403 |
|
00:30:24,510 --> 00:30:29,130 |
|
هيكون في عند corporate governance واضحة ال ethics؟ |
|
|
|
404 |
|
00:30:29,130 --> 00:30:31,510 |
|
في عندكم أمثلة ممكن موجودة عندكم بال ethical |
|
|
|
405 |
|
00:30:31,510 --> 00:30:38,390 |
|
considerations؟ أمثلة بحياتكم، بالشركات، ممكن .. |
|
|
|
406 |
|
00:30:38,390 --> 00:30:40,370 |
|
طبعا لسه أنتم ما طلعتوش على بيئة العمل، بكرا |
|
|
|
407 |
|
00:30:40,370 --> 00:30:43,950 |
|
هتشوفوا بيئة العمل، هتشوفوا تفريق بال ethics، |
|
|
|
408 |
|
00:30:43,950 --> 00:30:46,410 |
|
هتشوفوا أن هذا this is ethics and this is non |
|
|
|
409 |
|
00:30:46,410 --> 00:30:46,770 |
|
ethics |
|
|
|
410 |
|
00:31:01,390 --> 00:31:09,030 |
|
Okay هذا against ethics هذا ضد ال .. ضد الأخلاق أو |
|
|
|
411 |
|
00:31:09,030 --> 00:31:13,950 |
|
ممكن مثلا يكون يعني إنسان |
|
|
|
412 |
|
00:31:13,950 --> 00:31:20,790 |
|
يكون بيعمل ب .. بجدية للشركة executives بيشتغل .. |
|
|
|
413 |
|
00:31:20,790 --> 00:31:24,610 |
|
he's working hard ولما يصير ال compensation يعمل |
|
|
|
414 |
|
00:31:24,610 --> 00:31:28,660 |
|
تعويض لشخص آخر مش ..مش sure المفروض أنه احنا بنعمل |
|
|
|
415 |
|
00:31:28,660 --> 00:31:30,420 |
|
evaluation لل people according to their |
|
|
|
416 |
|
00:31:30,420 --> 00:31:34,080 |
|
performance فنروح ممكن الشخص اللي ما بينتج نروح |
|
|
|
417 |
|
00:31:34,080 --> 00:31:41,680 |
|
نعطيه مكافئة والشخص اللي بينتج ما نهمله okay طبعا |
|
|
|
418 |
|
00:31:41,680 --> 00:31:48,040 |
|
هذا بيكون breaking the ethical okay سمام |
|
|
|
419 |
|
00:31:48,040 --> 00:31:54,280 |
|
investment process إذا خلصنا احنا ال .. ال .. ال |
|
|
|
420 |
|
00:31:54,280 --> 00:31:57,500 |
|
relationship between the financial markets and the |
|
|
|
421 |
|
00:31:57,500 --> 00:32:01,560 |
|
economics خلصنا العلاقة بين السوق المالي وبين ال |
|
|
|
422 |
|
00:32:01,560 --> 00:32:07,900 |
|
economics والاقتصاد خلينا بس نذكركم فيهم هيك ع |
|
|
|
423 |
|
00:32:07,900 --> 00:32:15,700 |
|
السريع وزي ما ترجم إشي ترجم دور المعلومات |
|
|
|
424 |
|
00:32:15,700 --> 00:32:18,840 |
|
information rule كل ما كانت المعلومات available |
|
|
|
425 |
|
00:32:18,840 --> 00:32:21,920 |
|
للناس بيستطيعوا أنهم يعملوا evaluation to the |
|
|
|
426 |
|
00:32:21,920 --> 00:32:25,160 |
|
business فال business اللي عنده شركات اللي عندها |
|
|
|
427 |
|
00:32:25,160 --> 00:32:28,780 |
|
good future prospects they have .. they have |
|
|
|
428 |
|
00:32:28,780 --> 00:32:31,300 |
|
opportunity to .. to compete in the markets يعني |
|
|
|
429 |
|
00:32:31,300 --> 00:32:34,640 |
|
اللي عندهم إمكانيات كبيرة ومعلومات واضحة ومستقبل |
|
|
|
430 |
|
00:32:34,640 --> 00:32:38,000 |
|
واضح هيكون عندهم إمكانية ينافسوا في السوق الثاني |
|
|
|
431 |
|
00:32:38,000 --> 00:32:41,340 |
|
ال consumption timing ال consumption timing الناس |
|
|
|
432 |
|
00:32:41,340 --> 00:32:46,120 |
|
بت .. ببداية حياته بيكون ال .. ال earning أعلى من |
|
|
|
433 |
|
00:32:46,120 --> 00:32:50,380 |
|
ال consumption بيكون الدخل أعلى من الاستهلاك طيب |
|
|
|
434 |
|
00:32:50,380 --> 00:32:54,000 |
|
في المراحل المتأخرة بحياتهم بيصير العكس بيصير ال |
|
|
|
435 |
|
00:32:54,000 --> 00:32:58,450 |
|
consumption أعلى وال earning أقل Okay لأن هو in |
|
|
|
436 |
|
00:32:58,450 --> 00:33:03,150 |
|
his or her late ages طب شو الحل؟ الحل أن احنا لما |
|
|
|
437 |
|
00:33:03,150 --> 00:33:07,750 |
|
نكون عندنا ال .. ال .. ال .. the higher return so |
|
|
|
438 |
|
00:33:07,750 --> 00:33:11,190 |
|
we .. we have or we should invest for the lower |
|
|
|
439 |
|
00:33:11,190 --> 00:33:14,990 |
|
return يعني احنا بنستثمر ال higher return today |
|
|
|
440 |
|
00:33:14,990 --> 00:33:19,810 |
|
because our return in the future will be low هيكون |
|
|
|
441 |
|
00:33:19,810 --> 00:33:25,200 |
|
منخفض so the investment is important allocation of |
|
|
|
442 |
|
00:33:25,200 --> 00:33:27,820 |
|
risk allocation of risk هو توزيع المخاطر |
|
|
|
443 |
|
00:33:27,820 --> 00:33:31,220 |
|
separation |
|
|
|
444 |
|
00:33:31,220 --> 00:33:35,220 |
|
of ownership and management هو الفصل بين الملاك |
|
|
|
445 |
|
00:33:35,220 --> 00:33:40,920 |
|
وبين الإدارة وكمان مش بس الفصل أن كل واحد يعرف |
|
|
|
446 |
|
00:33:40,920 --> 00:33:45,080 |
|
what is the task ال ال ال board of directors |
|
|
|
447 |
|
00:33:45,080 --> 00:33:49,880 |
|
setting the strategies okay and the executives |
|
|
|
448 |
|
00:33:49,880 --> 00:33:53,400 |
|
executives are translating the strategies into |
|
|
|
449 |
|
00:33:53,400 --> 00:34:01,220 |
|
actions Okay بيحولوها ل .. يعني ل .. لأعمال لأفعال |
|
|
|
450 |
|
00:34:01,220 --> 00:34:06,320 |
|
okay corporate governance اللي هو الحوكمة and the |
|
|
|
451 |
|
00:34:06,320 --> 00:34:09,080 |
|
ethics اللي هو الأخلاقيات and I gave you examples |
|
|
|
452 |
|
00:34:09,080 --> 00:34:11,760 |
|
about the corporate governance and about the |
|
|
|
453 |
|
00:34:11,760 --> 00:34:12,240 |
|
ethics |
|
|
|
454 |
|
00:34:15,150 --> 00:34:19,430 |
|
Okay وهاي أمثلة على شركات صار فيها فضائح why? |
|
|
|
455 |
|
00:34:19,810 --> 00:34:23,070 |
|
because they don't apply corporate governance and |
|
|
|
456 |
|
00:34:23,070 --> 00:34:26,930 |
|
they don't apply the corporate ethics ما حققوش ال |
|
|
|
457 |
|
00:34:26,930 --> 00:34:31,990 |
|
corporate governance وما حققوش ال ethics okay طبعا |
|
|
|
458 |
|
00:34:31,990 --> 00:34:38,650 |
|
واضح يا ..ش اسمك؟ ميه .. is it clear؟ انترجم okay |
|
|
|
459 |
|
00:34:40,920 --> 00:34:46,480 |
|
the investment process ال investment process it |
|
|
|
460 |
|
00:34:46,480 --> 00:34:50,920 |
|
considers the steps of doing investments يعني |
|
|
|
461 |
|
00:34:50,920 --> 00:34:54,500 |
|
الخطوات اللي احنا لازم نعملها حتى نعمل استثمار |
|
|
|
462 |
|
00:34:54,500 --> 00:35:00,400 |
|
خطوات عملية يعني لما نحكي عن ال asset ال |
|
|
|
463 |
|
00:35:00,400 --> 00:35:05,820 |
|
investment process هذه it's asking what are the |
|
|
|
464 |
|
00:35:05,820 --> 00:35:10,980 |
|
steps Okay to do the business or to do the |
|
|
|
465 |
|
00:35:10,980 --> 00:35:16,360 |
|
investments one of the first step is asset |
|
|
|
466 |
|
00:35:16,360 --> 00:35:20,120 |
|
allocation asset allocation what it means asset |
|
|
|
467 |
|
00:35:20,120 --> 00:35:26,860 |
|
allocation آه توزيع الأصول أو تخصيص الأصول زي ما |
|
|
|
468 |
|
00:35:26,860 --> 00:35:32,460 |
|
أنتم بتحكوا طيب how we can do this في أحد بعرف |
|
|
|
469 |
|
00:35:32,460 --> 00:35:36,540 |
|
how we can do this asset allocation أول خطوة احنا |
|
|
|
470 |
|
00:35:36,540 --> 00:35:42,950 |
|
بنقررها وين نستثمر asset allocation it means where |
|
|
|
471 |
|
00:35:42,950 --> 00:35:47,850 |
|
to invest أين سوف نستثمر okay for instance we have |
|
|
|
472 |
|
00:35:47,850 --> 00:35:54,410 |
|
stocks we have bonds we have currencies we have |
|
|
|
473 |
|
00:35:54,410 --> 00:35:59,030 |
|
commodities we |
|
|
|
474 |
|
00:35:59,030 --> 00:36:02,810 |
|
have real estates etc |
|
|
|
475 |
|
00:36:04,940 --> 00:36:08,760 |
|
يعني عندنا أسهم، في عندنا سندات، في عندنا عملات، |
|
|
|
476 |
|
00:36:08,760 --> 00:36:12,920 |
|
في عندنا commodities اللي هم .. لأ commodities |
|
|
|
477 |
|
00:36:12,920 --> 00:36:17,480 |
|
معناها ال .. ال .. ال .. السلع زي الحديد، النحاس، |
|
|
|
478 |
|
00:36:17,480 --> 00:36:23,380 |
|
الذهب، الفضة okay؟ real estate اللي هو العقارات |
|
|
|
479 |
|
00:36:23,380 --> 00:36:29,160 |
|
it's a try الأخرى، now the first decision you have |
|
|
|
480 |
|
00:36:29,160 --> 00:36:34,590 |
|
to take is where to invest asset allocation to |
|
|
|
481 |
|
00:36:34,590 --> 00:36:38,590 |
|
invest in stock in bonds in currencies real estate |
|
|
|
482 |
|
00:36:38,590 --> 00:36:44,590 |
|
commodities etc وين احنا بنستثمر فبنحط هدول ال |
|
|
|
483 |
|
00:36:44,590 --> 00:36:47,510 |
|
families هدول families of the of the investments |
|
|
|
484 |
|
00:36:47,510 --> 00:36:50,510 |
|
بنشوف هدول ال families وبنشوف مقرر احنا بنعمل |
|
|
|
485 |
|
00:36:50,510 --> 00:36:53,430 |
|
investment في ال stock ولا نعمل investment في ال |
|
|
|
486 |
|
00:36:53,430 --> 00:37:00,240 |
|
bonds ولا وين Okay let's say we .. we agree to do |
|
|
|
487 |
|
00:37:00,240 --> 00:37:04,260 |
|
investments in stocks so this is the first action |
|
|
|
488 |
|
00:37:04,260 --> 00:37:08,700 |
|
أول شغلة بنسويها أن احنا بنشوف عندنا الله أنا |
|
|
|
489 |
|
00:37:08,700 --> 00:37:14,600 |
|
بشوف بفهم بال bonds ممكن بفهم بفهمش بال currencies |
|
|
|
490 |
|
00:37:14,600 --> 00:37:16,880 |
|
عندك خبرة بال currencies عندك خبرة بال commodities |
|
|
|
491 |
|
00:37:16,880 --> 00:37:20,400 |
|
بال real estate فالناس اللي مثلا عندك خبرة بال |
|
|
|
492 |
|
00:37:20,400 --> 00:37:24,970 |
|
stocks بروح على ال stocks هذه أول خطوة عملناها Okay |
|
|
|
493 |
|
00:37:24,970 --> 00:37:31,130 |
|
then so choice among broad asset classes هدول |
|
|
|
494 |
|
00:37:31,130 --> 00:37:33,810 |
|
بيسموهم asset classes لإنه عندنا bonds, |
|
|
|
495 |
|
00:37:34,810 --> 00:37:41,750 |
|
currencies, commodities and etc The second step is |
|
|
|
496 |
|
00:37:41,750 --> 00:37:49,200 |
|
security selection in each class there is a broad |
|
|
|
497 |
|
00:37:49,200 --> 00:37:52,960 |
|
investment tools يعني خلينا نيجي نحكي احنا حكينا |
|
|
|
498 |
|
00:37:52,960 --> 00:37:56,560 |
|
عن ال stocks بدنا نستثمر بال stocks، مظبوط؟ طيب، |
|
|
|
499 |
|
00:37:56,560 --> 00:38:03,120 |
|
إذا هدول مابلزمونا صح؟ stocks the second question |
|
|
|
500 |
|
00:38:03,120 --> 00:38:11,020 |
|
you ask yourself which stock؟ أي سهم Okay احنا |
|
|
|
501 |
|
00:38:11,020 --> 00:38:13,660 |
|
بنستثمر في ال .. في ال stocks بس أي شركة بنشتري |
|
|
|
502 |
|
00:38:13,660 --> 00:38:17,520 |
|
يعني if you look at the PSE you know what it means |
|
|
|
503 |
|
00:38:17,520 --> 00:38:22,000 |
|
PSE Palestine Stock Exchange if we look at the PSE |
|
|
|
504 |
|
00:38:22,000 --> 00:38:26,460 |
|
سوق المال الفلسطيني we have many companies the |
|
|
|
505 |
|
00:38:26,460 --> 00:38:30,580 |
|
question is which company you want to invest في |
|
|
|
506 |
|
00:38:30,580 --> 00:38:35,100 |
|
شركة أنت بدك تستثمر Paltel, Badeco, AIB, PALTEL which |
|
|
|
507 |
|
00:38:35,100 --> 00:38:40,330 |
|
company and why إذا احنا بدنا نقرر في الخطوة |
|
|
|
508 |
|
00:38:40,330 --> 00:38:44,710 |
|
الثانية which is security selection which company |
|
|
|
509 |
|
00:38:44,710 --> 00:38:50,230 |
|
you want to invest in the family of stocks or in |
|
|
|
510 |
|
00:38:50,230 --> 00:38:54,590 |
|
the class of stocks أي واحدة ممكن تقولوا بالتل you |
|
|
|
511 |
|
00:38:54,590 --> 00:39:05,530 |
|
want بالتل you want بوب sorry بوب you want AIB you |
|
|
|
512 |
|
00:39:05,530 --> 00:39:10,480 |
|
want باديكو what you want so I recommend you to |
|
|
|
513 |
|
00:39:10,480 --> 00:39:16,820 |
|
take a look at the psc.com and see the stocks |
|
|
|
514 |
|
00:39:16,820 --> 00:39:27,060 |
|
افتحوا ال website واكتبوا www.p-s-e.ps then see the |
|
|
|
515 |
|
00:39:27,060 --> 00:39:29,920 |
|
companies listed in the financial markets or |
|
|
|
516 |
|
00:39:29,920 --> 00:39:35,690 |
|
Palestinian financial markets Okay, so we go to |
|
|
|
517 |
|
00:39:35,690 --> 00:39:42,170 |
|
بالتل استثمرنا في بالتل why? because maybe the |
|
|
|
518 |
|
00:39:42,170 --> 00:39:46,010 |
|
بالتل is one of the company fits with my |
|
|
|
519 |
|
00:39:46,010 --> 00:39:49,710 |
|
characteristics لأن الشركة بالتل تناسب ال |
|
|
|
520 |
|
00:39:49,710 --> 00:39:52,330 |
|
characteristics تبعتي and we will discuss what it |
|
|
|
521 |
|
00:39:52,330 --> 00:39:57,200 |
|
means this إذا خلصنا security selection choice of |
|
|
|
522 |
|
00:39:57,200 --> 00:40:00,600 |
|
which securities to hold within asset classes أي |
|
|
|
523 |
|
00:40:00,600 --> 00:40:06,980 |
|
واحدة بدها تكون في ال asset classes fine then يعني |
|
|
|
524 |
|
00:40:06,980 --> 00:40:10,860 |
|
ال security selection بتشمل عدة خطوات الخطوة |
|
|
|
525 |
|
00:40:10,860 --> 00:40:14,400 |
|
الأولى زي ما أنتم شايفين استعرضنا الشركات في |
|
|
|
526 |
|
00:40:14,400 --> 00:40:19,560 |
|
السوق المالي شفناهم شفنا بالتل شفنا بديكو شفنا AIB |
|
|
|
527 |
|
00:40:19,560 --> 00:40:28,840 |
|
شفنا ال BOB ل AIB okay وعملنا لهم analysis عملنا |
|
|
|
528 |
|
00:40:28,840 --> 00:40:33,740 |
|
لهم ايش تحليل تحليل كثير في financial analysis في |
|
|
|
529 |
|
00:40:33,740 --> 00:40:36,740 |
|
economic analysis في managerial analysis في |
|
|
|
530 |
|
00:40:36,740 --> 00:40:41,520 |
|
analysis كثير في technical analysis يعني عملنا |
|
|
|
531 |
|
00:40:41,520 --> 00:40:46,280 |
|
تحليلات لهذه الشركات هذه التحليلات بتساعدني أعمل |
|
|
|
532 |
|
00:40:46,280 --> 00:40:48,540 |
|
okay إذا قلت اللي منيحة |
|
|
|
533 |
|
00:40:55,060 --> 00:41:00,280 |
|
بعد ما احنا نعمل التحليلات نعمل risk-return trade |
|
|
|
534 |
|
00:41:00,280 --> 00:41:05,400 |
|
-off risk and return trade-off نفهم what it means |
|
|
|
535 |
|
00:41:05,400 --> 00:41:13,600 |
|
احنا هنا اخترنا palatal okay how we select palatal |
|
|
|
536 |
|
00:41:13,600 --> 00:41:20,820 |
|
شوفوا هنا، هنا عند ال risk وهنا عند ال return هذا |
|
|
|
537 |
|
00:41:20,820 --> 00:41:25,840 |
|
ال risk المخاطر وهنا ايش العائد العلاقة بين العائد |
|
|
|
538 |
|
00:41:25,840 --> 00:41:29,560 |
|
والمخاطر هي علاقة إيجابية ال risk بيزيد العائد |
|
|
|
539 |
|
00:41:29,560 --> 00:41:34,580 |
|
بيزيد okay so when the risk increase the return is |
|
|
|
540 |
|
00:41:34,580 --> 00:41:39,480 |
|
increase okay زي ما أنتم شايفين there is a |
|
|
|
541 |
|
00:41:39,480 --> 00:41:43,020 |
|
positive relationship between the risk and return |
|
|
|
542 |
|
00:41:43,020 --> 00:41:51,120 |
|
طيب هلأ بنيجي كل ما احنا نطلع لفوق ال risk بيزيد و |
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543 |
|
00:41:51,120 --> 00:41:55,030 |
|
ال return بيزيد مثلا اللي بيستثمروا في palatal هم |
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|
544 |
|
00:41:55,030 --> 00:41:59,990 |
|
ناس نحكي neutral ماعندهم كثير risk وما عندهم كثير |
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|
|
545 |
|
00:41:59,990 --> 00:42:08,690 |
|
مخاطر palatal is located in this place so |
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|
|
546 |
|
00:42:08,690 --> 00:42:13,410 |
|
palatal is reflecting a particular risk and a |
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|
|
547 |
|
00:42:13,410 --> 00:42:17,540 |
|
particular return for a conservative people للناس |
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|
|
548 |
|
00:42:17,540 --> 00:42:20,540 |
|
المحافظين الناس اللي ما بدهمش يتحملوا مخاطر كثير و |
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549 |
|
00:42:20,540 --> 00:42:23,680 |
|
في نفس اللحظة الناس ما بدهمش يكون عندهم عائد مخفض |
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|
550 |
|
00:42:23,680 --> 00:42:30,120 |
|
بالتل بتوزع dividends بتوزع أرباح okay مخاطرها |
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|
|
551 |
|
00:42:30,120 --> 00:42:35,900 |
|
مخفضة وعائدها متوسط أو مخفض لو اجينا احنا اخذنا |
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|
552 |
|
00:42:35,900 --> 00:42:40,080 |
|
شركة أخرى مثلا لأنه احنا مثلا إذا بدك تحكي عن ال |
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|
553 |
|
00:42:40,080 --> 00:42:43,620 |
|
BOB okay Bank of Palestine I don't know ممكن |
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|
554 |
|
00:42:43,620 --> 00:42:51,540 |
|
according to you maybe BOB according to you not |
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|
|
555 |
|
00:42:51,540 --> 00:42:55,660 |
|
according to me BOB maybe is higher risk and |
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|
|
556 |
|
00:42:55,660 --> 00:42:59,800 |
|
higher return so people they may think this is |
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|
557 |
|
00:42:59,800 --> 00:43:03,980 |
|
holding high risk so they may avoid the BOB ممكن |
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|
558 |
|
00:43:03,980 --> 00:43:09,490 |
|
يتجنبوا ال BOB Okay زي ما أنتم عائد عليه بتتحملوا |
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|
559 |
|
00:43:09,490 --> 00:43:14,770 |
|
مخاطر أعلى ال BOP stand for Bank of Palestine يعني |
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|
560 |
|
00:43:14,770 --> 00:43:22,530 |
|
Bank فلسطين okay هذا هو trade-off between risk |
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|
561 |
|
00:43:22,530 --> 00:43:28,130 |
|
and return نجح |
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|
562 |
|
00:43:28,130 --> 00:43:31,650 |
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عند هذا اللقاء |
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|
563 |
|
00:43:31,650 --> 00:43:34,390 |
|
الجاي مطلوب منكم تقرأوا عن efficient markets |
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