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1
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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง
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ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู„ูŠู† ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‡ู„ู‡ ูˆุตุญุจู‡ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง
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ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ู…ุณุงู‚ ุงู„ู€ biomechanics two ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
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ู…ูˆุถูˆุนู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ biomechanics of articular cartilage
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ูˆุฅุญู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ุงู„ู€
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cartilage ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุณุทุญ ุฃู…ู„ุณ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ two
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adjacent bone ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดูƒู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ joint ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
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ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ articular
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cartilage ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุง ููŠุด ููŠู‡ sensation ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง
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ู…ุงุจู†ุญุณุด ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู„ู… ุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชุฃูƒู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
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cartilage ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุง ููŠุด ููŠู‡ vascularization ุนุดุงู†
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ู‡ูŠูƒ ูุนู†ุฏู‡ุด ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ regeneration ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
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articular cartilage ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† highly specialized
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class of connective tissue with high mechanical
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properties
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movement it is intention even no stress is present
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ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ cartilage ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠ ..
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ุจูŠู‚ุงูˆู… ุงู„ู€ compressive ูˆ ุงู„ู€ shear forces ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ
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ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจูŠุชู…ุชุน ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง resilience and
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elasticity ุจุงู„ู…ุฑูˆู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ู€ energy ูˆ release ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ู„ู€ energy
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ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ resilience is the ability of the
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material to absorb energy when it is deformed with
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deformed ุงู„ู€ elast .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€
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.. ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ deformation ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุจุนุฏ
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ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ู€ compression ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ release ูˆู‡ุฏูŠ
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ู„ู„ู€ energy ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ unloading ุทูŠุจ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ types of
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ุงู„ู€ cartilageุŸ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ hyaline cartilage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
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ุงู„ู€ most common type ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ synovial joint ูˆ ุงู„ู€
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freely movable .. movable joint ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุทุจู‚ุฉ
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ .. ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ..
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ู‡ูˆ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ู…ู„ุณุงุก ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
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ู…ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ white layers of connective tissue
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ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุฃุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ articular .. ุงู„ู€
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joints ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุจุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€
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elastic cartilage ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ cartilage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
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ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ external ear ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€
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fibrocartilage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ cartilage ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ .. ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ annulus fibrosus ููŠ ุงู„ู€
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intervertebral disc ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ meniscus of
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the knee ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† pads ุฃูˆ ู…ุฎุฏุงุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
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ุจุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ congruence ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ joint ุทุจุนุง ุฅูŠุด ูˆุธูŠูุฉ
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ุงู„ู€ articular cartilage ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ูˆ self
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-lubricants ุฃูˆ self-lubricating ุชุดุญูŠู… ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
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ุงู„ู€ lubrication ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุดุญูŠู… ุฃูˆ ุชุฒูŠูŠุช ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู…ูุตู„
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ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃูŠ ู…ูุตู„ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ุชุดุญูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡
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ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ูˆุฑุฏู‡ ููˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ูŠู…ู†ุน
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ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุจูŠู…ุณุญ ู„ู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ the primary function to
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allow movement of the surface with minimal
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friction and wear ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง friction
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00:04:21,320 --> 00:04:25,080
ุฃูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ wear and tear ุจุชุญุตู„ ูˆ
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ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠุชุจุนู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู„ู… ูˆ loss of
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function ูˆ ุงู„ู€ stiffness during the joint motion the
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cartilage is continuously exposed to gravitation
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stress ูˆูƒู…ุงู† stress produced by muscle contraction
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ุฅุญู†ุง ุงู„ู€ weight bearing ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ joint ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง
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ูˆุฅุญู†ุง ูˆุงู‚ููŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุถุบุท ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ weight of
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the head ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cervical spine ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ cervical
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spine ุจู†ุฒู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ shoulder girdle ุจู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
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vertebra thoracic ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ lumbar ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู†
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ุจู†ุฒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ both lower limbs ูุทูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ
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compression ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cartilage of the joints ุงู„ู„ูŠ
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00:05:10,280 --> 00:05:14,890
ุฅุญู†ุง ูˆุงู‚ููŠู† ูˆูˆุงู‚ููŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
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stress ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
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muscle contraction ูุงู„ู€ articular cartilage ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
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ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง muscle
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contraction ู…ุน ุฃู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„
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ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ tension ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€
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cartilage ุงู„ู€ cartilage ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ููŠุด ููŠู‡ blood supply ุฒูŠ
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ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ูˆู„ุง ููŠู‡ lymphatic
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channels ูˆู„ุง ููŠู‡ neurological innervation ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
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ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุถุนูŠู ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุชู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ
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ููŠู‡ ู„ุฅู† ู…ุง ุจูŠุงุฎุฏุด ุชุฑูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ blood
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vessels ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด ููŠู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
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regeneration ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ destruction ูˆุนู…ู„ุชูŠู„ู‡
76
00:06:00,630 --> 00:06:04,950
ุงู„ุฅู„ุชุฆุงู… ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุชุญุตู„ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
77
00:06:04,950 --> 00:06:09,050
exposed ู„ู€ stress ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠู‡ gravitational ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
78
00:06:09,050 --> 00:06:14,930
stress ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ muscle contractions ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€
79
00:06:14,930 --> 00:06:18,630
cartilage ุงู„ู€ forces ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ cartilage ููŠ
80
00:06:18,630 --> 00:06:21,550
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง rotatory component ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง non rotatory
81
00:06:21,550 --> 00:06:24,630
component ุงู„ู€ rotatory component ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ
82
00:06:24,630 --> 00:06:27,910
ุนู† ุงู„ู€ movement ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู€ segment ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
83
00:06:27,910 --> 00:06:32,770
rotation ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ muscle contraction
84
00:06:32,770 --> 00:06:36,310
ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ movement ุนู„ู‰ ุงูุชุฑุงุถู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ elbow
85
00:06:36,310 --> 00:06:39,810
joint ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ biceps ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ flexion ู„ุงู„ู€ elbow
86
00:06:39,810 --> 00:06:44,050
joint ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ muscle
87
00:06:44,050 --> 00:06:47,890
contraction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ biceps ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰
88
00:06:47,890 --> 00:06:51,210
.. ุจุชุชุญู„ู„ ู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ forces ุงู„ู€ rotatory force
89
00:06:51,210 --> 00:06:54,550
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ movement ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ rotation ุฃูˆ
90
00:06:54,550 --> 00:06:57,420
ุงู„ู€ angulation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ non
91
00:06:57,420 --> 00:07:01,900
-rotatory component ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† parallel ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
92
00:07:01,900 --> 00:07:07,100
axis of the segment ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุฅู† ุชุนู…ู„
93
00:07:07,100 --> 00:07:12,240
stabilization ู„ู„ุฌุฐุจ ู„ูˆ ุชุฎูŠู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ .. ูƒู„ ู…ูุตู„
94
00:07:12,240 --> 00:07:16,260
ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑุช ููŠู‡ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฒูˆุบ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูู‡ุฐุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ
95
00:07:16,260 --> 00:07:20,580
ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุคู„ู… ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ูุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ muscle
96
00:07:20,580 --> 00:07:26,490
contraction ุจูŠุนู…ู„ stabilization ู„ู„ู…ูุตู„ ูƒู…ุงู† ูู‡ุฐุง
97
00:07:26,490 --> 00:07:31,430
ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ articular cartilage ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
98
00:07:31,430 --> 00:07:35,070
ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง compression load ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
99
00:07:35,070 --> 00:07:38,450
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง shearing .. shearing load ูˆ tensile load
100
00:07:38,450 --> 00:07:44,450
ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ articular ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ force
101
00:07:44,450 --> 00:07:47,210
ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ compression ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ articular surfaces
102
00:07:47,210 --> 00:07:50,650
against each other ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุซุจุชู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุนุดุงู†
103
00:07:50,650 --> 00:07:56,370
ู…ุง ูŠ .. ู…ุง .. ู…ุง ูŠุฒุบูˆุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ force ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ
104
00:07:56,370 --> 00:08:01,770
ุฒูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ rotatory force ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
105
00:08:01,770 --> 00:08:05,910
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุซุจุช ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู…ู†
106
00:08:05,910 --> 00:08:12,330
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฒูŠุบุงู† the .. so the joint
107
00:08:12,330 --> 00:08:16,850
cartilage has to sustain a compression stress
108
00:08:16,850 --> 00:08:20,530
considerable degree which cause wear and tear of
109
00:08:20,530 --> 00:08:23,670
the articular cartilage and the joint surfaces
110
00:08:23,670 --> 00:08:27,020
ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ wear and tear ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู„ุฃู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
111
00:08:27,020 --> 00:08:29,900
ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ู€ cartilage ู†ูุณู‡ ุฃุณุงุณู‹ุง
112
00:08:29,900 --> 00:08:34,000
ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชู…ู†ุนู‡ุง ุจุณ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุชุนุฑุถ ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ
113
00:08:34,000 --> 00:08:38,500
ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ compression ูู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุนุฑุถูˆุง ู„ู„ู€ wear and tear
114
00:08:38,500 --> 00:08:41,760
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ damage ุทูŠุจ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู€ articular
115
00:08:41,760 --> 00:08:45,580
cartilage ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูˆุฒุน ุงู„ู€ load ุฅุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุชูˆุณุน
116
00:08:45,580 --> 00:08:49,080
ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูุจูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„ู€ pressure ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
117
00:08:49,080 --> 00:08:52,340
pressure ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ force ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ area ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุจุฑุช
118
00:08:52,340 --> 00:08:55,660
ุงู„ู€ area ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ area ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ููƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุจุฑ
119
00:08:55,660 --> 00:09:00,180
ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„ู€ stress ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ
120
00:09:00,180 --> 00:09:04,320
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ contact stress decrease ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ stress
121
00:09:04,320 --> 00:09:09,260
ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ force ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ area ุทุจุนู‹ุง it changes the
122
00:09:09,260 --> 00:09:13,280
contact area during joint motion minimize the
123
00:09:13,280 --> 00:09:16,640
stress which may cause wear and tear upon the
124
00:09:16,640 --> 00:09:21,500
cartilage so that stress is not concentrated at
125
00:09:21,500 --> 00:09:27,420
one small area ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ .. ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰
126
00:09:27,420 --> 00:09:31,800
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ stress ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงุตู„ ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„
127
00:09:31,800 --> 00:09:35,900
ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ wear and tear ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุทุจ ูˆ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุด
128
00:09:35,900 --> 00:09:43,350
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ cartilageุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ composition ุงู„ู€ ุทุจุนุง
129
00:09:43,350 --> 00:09:47,570
ููŠู‡ collagen ูˆ ููŠู‡ proteoglycan ูˆ ููŠู‡ water ูˆ
130
00:09:47,570 --> 00:09:52,430
inorganic salt ุฒูŠ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠ ููŠ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู† ..
131
00:09:52,430 --> 00:09:56,550
ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† water ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ collagen ูˆ
132
00:09:56,550 --> 00:10:00,700
ุงู„ proteoglycan ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ stress ุจุชูˆุฒุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุนู†
133
00:10:00,700 --> 00:10:04,560
ุทุฑูŠู‚ .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cartilage ูˆ ุจุนู…ู„ ุฒูŠ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ wave
134
00:10:04,560 --> 00:10:08,620
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ .. ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุช .. ุจุชูˆุฒุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุนู„ู‰
135
00:10:08,620 --> 00:10:13,420
ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุถุบุท ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ
136
00:10:13,420 --> 00:10:21,100
ูŠู†ุชุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ waves ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ .. that lead to the
137
00:10:21,100 --> 00:10:24,760
development of shear and tension stresses which
138
00:10:24,760 --> 00:10:29,900
must be taken up by tension resisting network ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
139
00:10:29,900 --> 00:10:35,220
ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ collagen fibers ูˆ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุชู‡ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒูŠู
140
00:10:35,220 --> 00:10:39,380
ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุชู„ุช ุทุจู‚ุงุชุŒ ุงู„ุชู„ุช ุทุจู‚ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ
141
00:10:39,380 --> 00:10:45,330
ุงู„ collagen ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนุดุงู† ููŠ ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจุชู‚ุงูˆู…
142
00:10:45,330 --> 00:10:49,210
ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ forces ุงู„ู„ูŠ applied ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
143
00:10:49,210 --> 00:10:53,590
network ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชูƒูˆู‘ู„ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† collagen fibrils
144
00:10:53,590 --> 00:11:00,110
which ranges from 15 to 22 percent of the network
145
00:11:00,110 --> 00:11:05,670
ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ cartilage ูˆ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง proteoglycan
146
00:11:05,670 --> 00:11:13,790
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ content ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 4 ู„ 7% ู…ู† ุงู„ wet .. wet ุงู„ู€
147
00:11:13,790 --> 00:11:18,370
.. ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฑุทุจ ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ water ูˆ ุงู„
148
00:11:18,370 --> 00:11:24,050
inorganic salts ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† 60 ู„ 5 ุฃูˆ 80%
149
00:11:24,050 --> 00:11:29,110
ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ matrix ูˆ protein ูˆ glycoproteins ูˆ
150
00:11:29,110 --> 00:11:33,930
lipids ูˆ ู…ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„collagen ูƒูŠู ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุชู‡ุŸ
151
00:11:33,930 --> 00:11:37,230
ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ุงู„collagen has a high level of structural
152
00:11:37,230 --> 00:11:41,730
organization ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุชู„ุช ุทุจู‚ุงุช result in
153
00:11:41,730 --> 00:11:45,930
optimum mechanical properties ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุฃุตู„ุง ุฃุตู„ุง
154
00:11:45,930 --> 00:11:49,590
ุงู„ mechanical properties ุชุจุน ุงู„ cartilage ู†ูุณู‡
155
00:11:49,590 --> 00:11:53,230
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ function of collagen ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง tensile
156
00:11:53,230 --> 00:11:58,650
stiffness and strength properties as the fibers are
157
00:11:58,650 --> 00:12:03,490
in tension even ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง stresses applied
158
00:12:03,490 --> 00:12:09,170
ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ cartilage stress
159
00:12:09,170 --> 00:12:12,630
ูŠุนู†ูŠ resistant ู„ู„ stress ูˆ ุงู„ strains ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
160
00:12:12,630 --> 00:12:16,630
articular cartilage ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ stress ูˆ ุงู„
161
00:12:16,630 --> 00:12:19,520
strain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cartilage ุจู†ุณุจุฉ
162
00:12:19,520 --> 00:12:23,560
ู„ู„ู€ arrangement ู„ู„ู€ collagen ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
163
00:12:23,560 --> 00:12:27,300
ุนู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ zones ูˆ .. ูˆ zones ู‡ุฐู‡ separated ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ
164
00:12:27,300 --> 00:12:31,480
ุงู„ู€ collagen ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ superficial ู„ ุงู„
165
00:12:31,480 --> 00:12:34,860
deep ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ู‡ุง properties ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชู‚ูˆู…
166
00:12:34,860 --> 00:12:39,310
stresses ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู€ superficial layer ุจุชู‚ุงูˆู… ุฏุงุฆู…ุง
167
00:12:39,310 --> 00:12:45,070
ุงู„ู€ tensile stretch ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุฑุถุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠุก
168
00:12:45,070 --> 00:12:49,830
ู„ู€ tensile forces ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„
169
00:12:49,830 --> 00:12:53,630
total thickness ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† densely packed
170
00:12:53,630 --> 00:12:58,770
fine fibrils elliptical ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠุถุงูˆูŠ and flattened
171
00:12:58,770 --> 00:13:05,270
ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
172
00:13:05,270 --> 00:13:11,030
elliptical ุจูŠุถุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ .. ูˆ ู…ุณุทุญุฉ ูˆ ุจุช .. ุจุชูƒูˆู†
173
00:13:11,030 --> 00:13:15,270
ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ parallel to the articular surface ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง
174
00:13:15,270 --> 00:13:18,570
ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ู…ุซู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ูˆุฌุงู‡ูŠ ุจู†ู…ุณูƒ ุฎู…ุณ
175
00:13:18,570 --> 00:13:22,170
ุฃู‚ู„ุงู… ูˆ ุจู†ู…ุณูƒู‡ู… ูƒุฏู‡ ูˆ ุจู†ุตูุทู‡ู… ูˆ ุจู†ู…ุณูƒู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุนุฑุถ ูˆ
176
00:13:22,170 --> 00:13:26,310
ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุฌุฏู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ู†ูƒุณุฑู‡ู… ุทุจุนุง ุตุนุจ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุฃู† ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ
177
00:13:26,310 --> 00:13:31,470
ู†ุชุนุฌู‡ู… ุฃูˆ .. ุฃูˆ .. ุฃูˆ ู†ุดุฏู‡ู… ูู‡ุฐุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ
178
00:13:31,470 --> 00:13:36,810
ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู‡ู… ูˆ ู‡ู… ู…ุฑุชุจูŠู† in parallel way ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
179
00:13:36,810 --> 00:13:41,050
arrangement ู‡ุฐุง sort of protecting not allowing
180
00:13:41,050 --> 00:13:45,470
the fiber to move apart without losing tensile
181
00:13:45,470 --> 00:13:48,230
strength ุทุจ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ zone ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ middle zone
182
00:13:48,230 --> 00:13:53,170
ุจุชุดูƒู„ 40 ู„ู€ 60% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ total thickness ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ zone
183
00:13:53,170 --> 00:14:01,230
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ randomly distributed in oblique way ุฒูŠ
184
00:14:01,230 --> 00:14:05,790
ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุงุช ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„
185
00:14:05,790 --> 00:14:09,690
ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ surface ูƒูŠู ู‡ู†ุง parallel ูˆ ุงู„ middle
186
00:14:09,690 --> 00:14:14,170
zone ุจุชูƒูˆู† randomly ูˆ ู‡ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ deep zone ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
187
00:14:14,170 --> 00:14:21,880
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ูˆุงู‚ูุฉ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุง ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ deep zone ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุดูƒู„ 30
188
00:14:21,880 --> 00:14:24,020
% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ total thickness ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ zone
189
00:14:24,020 --> 00:14:29,960
arrangement ุจุชูƒูˆู† perpendicular to the cartilage ูˆ
190
00:14:29,960 --> 00:14:36,360
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ tide mark ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ูุงุตู„ ู…ุง
191
00:14:36,360 --> 00:14:40,040
ุจูŠู† ุงู„ bone ูˆ ุงู„ inter surface ุงู„ inter surface of
192
00:14:40,040 --> 00:14:44,480
the bone ูˆ ุงู„ cartilage ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ Parallel
193
00:14:44,480 --> 00:14:52,560
Orientation ู„ู„ู€ Fibers ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุชุฎุชู„ู
194
00:14:52,560 --> 00:14:56,660
ุฎูˆุงุตู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Perpendicular Orientation
195
00:14:59,020 --> 00:15:04,040
ุงู„ู€ Parallel ููˆู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง stiffness ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ู„ ..
196
00:15:04,040 --> 00:15:08,140
ู„ู„ tensile force ูˆ ุงู„ู€ perpendicular ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง
197
00:15:08,140 --> 00:15:12,540
stiffness ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ ุงู„ compression force ุทุจุนุง tensile
198
00:15:12,540 --> 00:15:16,560
stiffness of the superficial layer ุจุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจุดูƒู„
199
00:15:16,560 --> 00:15:21,320
ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ deep zone
200
00:15:25,810 --> 00:15:32,010
ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูˆุถุญ ุฃู† ุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€
201
00:15:32,010 --> 00:15:37,190
different zones of the cartilage superficial ูˆู‡ูŠ
202
00:15:37,190 --> 00:15:41,510
ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุฑุง ู„ู„ fibers ู‡ุฐู‡
203
00:15:41,510 --> 00:15:46,150
middle zone randomly organized ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ deep zone
204
00:15:46,150 --> 00:15:47,250
ูู‡ูŠ
205
00:15:52,380 --> 00:15:57,940
perpendicular ูู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู‚ุงูˆู… ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ
206
00:15:57,940 --> 00:16:00,740
ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุง ุญุงูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู„ูˆ
207
00:16:00,740 --> 00:16:04,740
ู…ุณูƒูŠู†ู‡ู… ุจุดูƒู„ .. ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุณู‡ู„ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ูˆ .. ู„ูˆ
208
00:16:04,740 --> 00:16:08,220
ุดุฏู†ุงู‡ู… ูŠุชูุฑู‚ูˆุง ุนู† .. ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ู…
209
00:16:14,970 --> 00:16:18,570
ุทูŠุจ there is decrease in tensile stiffness or
210
00:16:18,570 --> 00:16:22,870
strength ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฑุญู†ุง ุฑูˆุญู†ุง deeper ููŠ ุงู„ surface ูƒู„
211
00:16:22,870 --> 00:16:25,290
ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ distance from the surface of the
212
00:16:25,290 --> 00:16:29,170
articular cartilage ุงู„ superficial layer is
213
00:16:29,170 --> 00:16:34,350
protective for the articular cartilage ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง
214
00:16:34,350 --> 00:16:38,010
ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุช resist the tensile strain produced by
215
00:16:38,010 --> 00:16:41,490
compression and friction at the joint ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠ ุจุตุชูˆู†
216
00:16:41,750 --> 00:16:46,130
ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ resistant ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ู€ compression load due
217
00:16:46,130 --> 00:16:49,910
to its perpendicular orientation ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€
218
00:16:49,910 --> 00:16:55,410
proteoglycan ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู€
219
00:16:55,410 --> 00:16:59,050
cartilage articular cartilage ุงู„ function ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู‡ูŠ
220
00:16:59,050 --> 00:17:04,770
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑุงุจุท ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„
221
00:17:04,770 --> 00:17:09,970
.. ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุตู‚ุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ .. ุงู„
222
00:17:09,970 --> 00:17:15,710
collagen fibers ู‡ูŠ large protein polysaccharide
223
00:17:15,710 --> 00:17:21,190
molecules composed of protein core to which one or
224
00:17:21,190 --> 00:17:24,810
more glycosaminoglycans
225
00:17:26,840 --> 00:17:30,840
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ GAGs are attached ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€
226
00:17:30,840 --> 00:17:35,880
proteoglytin are strongly hydrophilic substance
227
00:17:35,880 --> 00:17:41,680
ุทุจุนุง occupying large solvent domains in the
228
00:17:41,680 --> 00:17:45,760
aqueous solution ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูˆ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุฃู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุฑุงุจุท
229
00:17:45,920 --> 00:17:49,540
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ bending substance to the
230
00:17:49,540 --> 00:17:52,660
collagen molecule at a certain level within the
231
00:17:52,660 --> 00:17:59,380
cartilage ูˆูƒุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุฑุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ collagen
232
00:17:59,380 --> 00:18:03,960
fibers ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง when stress is
233
00:18:03,960 --> 00:18:06,880
applied to the cartilage surface ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
234
00:18:06,880 --> 00:18:11,500
interstitial deformation ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰
235
00:18:11,500 --> 00:18:17,750
ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ cartilage ุจูŠูƒูˆู† .. ุจุณู…ุญ ููŠ ุงู„ ..
236
00:18:17,750 --> 00:18:22,090
ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฑุงุจ ุงู„ proteoglycan ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฒูŠู„
237
00:18:22,090 --> 00:18:29,360
ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู„ุงุตู‚ุฉ ูˆ ู„ุฒุฌุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุทูŠุจ
238
00:18:29,360 --> 00:18:34,920
ุฅุญู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„
239
00:18:34,920 --> 00:18:41,480
articular cartilage ูˆ ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
240
00:18:41,480 --> 00:18:45,300
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