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ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชู ุทู„ุจุชู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุนุฒุงุก
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ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ู…ุณุงู‚ ุงู„ู€ biomechanics
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ุชูƒู„ู‘ู…ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุนู† biomechanics of bone ูˆ
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ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€ biomechanics of bone fracture
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ุณูˆู ู†ุฑู‰ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ possible fracture patterns due to
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various loading ู…ุง ู…ุนู†ู‰ fractureุŸ fracture is
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a breaking of bone ูŠุญุตู„ ุงู„ู€ fracture ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ risk
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is high ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ stress ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุงู„ู€ maximum load
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being delivered to the bone ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู†ุญู†
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ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูƒู„ ุนุธู…ุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุญู…ู„ ูˆู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต forces
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ุฃูˆ compressive forces ุฃูˆ loads ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู‡ุง
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ุงู„ู€ bone ูุทุจุนู‹ุง ุฅุฐุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ stress
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ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ bone ูˆุฒุงุฏุช ุนู† ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุญู…ู„
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ูุจูŠุญุตู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ fracture ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุตู„
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fractureุŸ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุตู„ fractureุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุทุจุนู‹ุง
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factors ู†ุญู† ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‘ู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ู†ุชุนุฑุถ ุฃู† ู†ุดุนุฑ
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ุฃู†ู‘ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุถุฑุจุฉ ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ ู†ุดุฏ
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ุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ู†ุดุฏ ุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู„ูƒูŠ ู†ุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ู…ู† ุฃู†
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ุชุชูƒุณุฑ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง shock absorbers ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง
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ุงู„ู€ Intervertebral disc ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‹ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€
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00:01:34,920 --> 00:01:41,080
H2 vertebra ุฅุฐู‹ุง ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุตู„ ุฃูˆ
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ุงู„ู€ fracture ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ energy absorbed ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ููŠ
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ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุณุฑุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ tissue ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
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fracture ูƒู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† shock absorption ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุญุตู„
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ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ elements ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰
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ุงู„ู€ state of muscle activity ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู†ุญู† ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‘
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ูƒู„ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ุดุฏุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ูƒู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู† risk of fracture
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ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ู€ position of the part at time ุทุจุนู‹ุง ูŠุญุฏุฏ ูƒูŠู
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ุงู„ูˆุถุน ูƒูŠู ุชุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ site of impact
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ุฃูŠู† ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุฃุชุช ุงู„ุถุฑุจุฉ ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ fracture due to
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tension ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏ ุญุตู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
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ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุชุตุจุญ ู†ุงุฏุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ long bone ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
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00:02:26,970 --> 00:02:30,770
long bone ู„ูŠุณ ุณู‡ู„ู‹ุง ุฃู† ู†ุดุฏู‘ู‡ ูุงู„ู€ failure
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mechanism for bone loaded in tension is mainly a
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transverse crack ูƒู…ุง ู†ุญู† ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ transverse ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู€ tensile
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forces ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ long
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bone diaphysis is uncommon ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุชูƒูˆู† associated
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with avulsion ู…ุง ู…ุนู†ู‰ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ avulsionุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ู„ุน
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00:03:04,890 --> 00:03:12,270
ู‚ู„ุน avulsion ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ู„ุน ุฃูˆ ูุตู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุง ู†ูุตู„ ุงู„ู†ุจุชุฉ
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ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃุฎุฐุช ู…ุนู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุทูŠู†ุฉ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ ุฅุฐู‹ุง
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00:03:16,370 --> 00:03:20,160
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ุชุตุจุญ ุฅุฐู‹ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู‚ู„ุน ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ู‘
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ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุงู…ู„ ุดุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ูˆุณุญุจู‡ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†
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associated with a bulging fracture ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cancellous
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bone at the metaphyseal ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
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ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู† transverse ุจุณุจุจ maximum
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tensile stress generated at the transverse implant ู…ุซู„
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ู…ุง ู†ุญู† ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ ู†ุญู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ long bone ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ
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00:03:47,140 --> 00:03:50,960
ุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ุง ู†ุญู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูุงุชุช ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู†ุคูƒุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
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ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ ุฃู†ู‘ ููŠู‡ุง two epiphysis ูˆููŠู‡ุง two epiphysis
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ูˆููŠู‡ุง long bone ูˆููŠู‡ุง ู…ุฏู‘ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ cavity ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
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00:04:03,240 --> 00:04:08,200
ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู€ epiphysis ู„ู„ุจู„ุงุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‘ ุชุทูˆู„
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ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุนุธุงู…
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ู†ุญู† ุฃูŠู† ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ tensile fracture
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00:04:18,950 --> 00:04:21,230
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ tensile loading ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
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00:04:21,230 --> 00:04:25,090
calcaneus bone ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุฅุฐุง ุดุงู‡ุฏู†ุง ู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†ู‘ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู…ู†
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00:04:25,090 --> 00:04:28,670
ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ู… ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… fracture ููŠ ุงู„ู€ base of
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00:04:28,670 --> 00:04:33,290
the hip metatarsal bone ููŠ ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู€ lateral
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00:04:33,290 --> 00:04:36,850
part of the foot adjacent to the attachment of the
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00:04:36,850 --> 00:04:41,750
peroneus longus peroneus brevis sorry ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ
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00:04:41,750 --> 00:04:46,050
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจูŠู† ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุถุฑุจุฉ
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00:04:46,050 --> 00:04:51,710
ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจู€ contraction ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
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00:04:51,710 --> 00:04:57,310
triceps ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ cuff muscle ูุชุฐู‡ุจ ุชุฎู„ุน ุชุตุจุญ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
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00:04:57,310 --> 00:05:02,470
ุฎู„ุน ุงู„ู€ achilles tendon ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ calcaneal tendon ูˆุชุฐู‡ุจ ุชู‚ุนุฏ ู…ุนู‡ุง
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00:05:02,470 --> 00:05:07,830
ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ calcaneus ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุน ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง
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00:05:07,830 --> 00:05:10,550
ู„ุง ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุนุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ patella ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† attachments
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00:05:10,550 --> 00:05:14,830
ู„ู„ู€ Quadriceps ุชู†ุฏู„ ุฃูˆ ุชู†ุฏู„ุน ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ูŠูƒูˆู†
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00:05:14,830 --> 00:05:18,230
ู‡ูˆ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ patella ู…ู…ูƒู† contraction ุฃูˆ forceful
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00:05:18,230 --> 00:05:21,070
contraction ู„ู„ู€ Quadriceps ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูŠุญุตู„
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00:05:21,070 --> 00:05:26,610
ู„ู„ู„ุงุนุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุนู…ู„ ุฎู„ุน ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ avulsion ุงู„ู€
71
00:05:26,610 --> 00:05:30,330
fracture ู„ู„ู€ patella ุทุจุนู‹ุง side of fracture
72
00:05:40,670 --> 00:05:48,990
ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ attachment ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ุชูŠ
73
00:05:48,990 --> 00:05:54,250
ูŠู†ุฎู„ุน ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง object ุฃูˆ man ุงู„ู€ fracture occurs
74
00:05:54,250 --> 00:05:58,390
along these oblique angles ูˆุงู„ู€ shear stresses are
75
00:05:58,390 --> 00:06:02,390
the greatest ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ fractures produced by
76
00:06:02,390 --> 00:06:04,950
compressive forces are usually found in the
77
00:06:04,950 --> 00:06:09,190
vertebra ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†ู‘ู†ุง ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ ุงู„ู€
78
00:06:09,190 --> 00:06:12,390
vertebral column ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠ ู„ู†ุงุณ ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู† ุฃูˆ
79
00:06:12,390 --> 00:06:17,090
ู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ูู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ู€ vertebra
80
00:06:17,090 --> 00:06:21,470
ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูƒุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ watching ุฃูˆ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ุงูุชุฉ
81
00:06:21,470 --> 00:06:25,950
ุดูˆูŠุฉ rarely fracture occur due to pure compression
82
00:06:25,950 --> 00:06:31,150
ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู†ุงุฏุฑู‹ุง ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ู‘ ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰
83
00:06:31,150 --> 00:06:34,870
ุงู„ู€ compression ุฅู„ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ vertebrae usually there
84
00:06:34,870 --> 00:06:38,570
is a combination of compression with bending or
85
00:06:38,570 --> 00:06:41,790
shear and shearing processes on the other hand
86
00:06:41,790 --> 00:06:45,610
much of compressive forces may be absorbed by
87
00:06:45,610 --> 00:06:51,030
intervening elastic tissue say for example ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ ู†ุญู† ุงู„ู€
88
00:06:51,030 --> 00:06:54,210
intervertebral disc ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุŸ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ู€
89
00:06:54,210 --> 00:06:57,350
intervertebral disc ุฃู†ู‘ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจู€ shock absorption ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
90
00:06:57,350 --> 00:07:01,610
ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุถุบุท ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ head ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ head
91
00:07:01,610 --> 00:07:04,790
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ vertebral column ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ cervical ูˆุงู„ู€
92
00:07:04,790 --> 00:07:07,310
cervical ุณูŠุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ thoracic ู…ู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
93
00:07:07,310 --> 00:07:11,190
intervertebral disc ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ shock absorption ู„ุฐู„ูƒ
94
00:07:11,190 --> 00:07:16,130
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ intervertebral disc ุณู„ูŠู…ู‹ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ
95
00:07:16,130 --> 00:07:20,430
ูŠู†ุทุณ ุฃูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจู€ absorption ู„ู„ุตุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฃุชูŠ ูˆูŠุฎูู
96
00:07:20,430 --> 00:07:24,940
ู…ู† ุญุฏู‘ุชู‡ุง ูˆูŠุตุจุญ ุงู„ู€ risk of fracture ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ
97
00:07:24,940 --> 00:07:27,800
ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ fracture ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŸ ุชุญุตู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ
98
00:07:27,800 --> 00:07:31,160
ุงุณู…ู‡ุง compression wedging fracture ุฃูˆ wedging
99
00:07:31,160 --> 00:07:35,580
fracture ูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ vertebra ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ู…ุซู„
100
00:07:35,580 --> 00:07:43,940
ุงู„ู…ุฎุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ
101
00:07:43,940 --> 00:07:48,060
ุฃู…ู‘ุง ุงู„ู€ fracture due to bendingุŒ bending ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุซู†ูŠ
102
00:07:48,060 --> 00:07:52,680
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง non axial forces ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† two
103
00:07:52,680 --> 00:07:57,760
non axial forces ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุซู†ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูุณูˆู ูŠุจุฏุฃ
104
00:07:57,760 --> 00:08:15,100
ุงู„ุซู†ูŠ ููŠ ู…ุญูŠุท ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ุญูŠุซ ูŠุญุตู„ ุถุบุท ู„ู†ูุณู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก
105
00:08:15,100 --> 00:08:23,740
ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุซู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ
106
00:08:26,040 --> 00:08:29,660
ูˆุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏ ูˆุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ
107
00:08:29,660 --> 00:08:38,340
ู…ุถุบูˆุท ููŠุตุจุญ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ tension stress
108
00:08:38,340 --> 00:08:41,640
more destructive than compressive tension ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
109
00:08:41,640 --> 00:08:46,260
ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠุตุจุญ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ูŠุตุจุญ ูƒุณุฑ Transverse fracture
110
00:08:46,260 --> 00:08:49,580
ุฃู…ู‘ุง ู…ู† ุชุญุช ูŠุตุจุญ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง small butterfly
111
00:08:49,580 --> 00:08:55,200
fracture ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ู…ุง ู…ุนู†ู‰
112
00:08:55,200 --> 00:08:59,760
butterfly fly ูุฑุงุดุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ fracture ูŠุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„
113
00:08:59,760 --> 00:09:04,620
ูุฑุงุดุฉ ู…ู† ุชุญุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุตุจุญ ุชู†ุฎู„ุน ุชุตุจุญ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡
114
00:09:04,620 --> 00:09:08,640
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฎุฑุฌ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง this butterfly fracture is found
115
00:09:08,640 --> 00:09:12,480
by propagation of two cracks in the two oblique
116
00:09:12,480 --> 00:09:15,720
fracture planes ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณู†ุดุงู‡ุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
117
00:09:15,720 --> 00:09:17,740
fracture is produced by bending
118
00:09:21,600 --> 00:09:26,860
ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ูˆูŠู„ุนุจูˆู† ุฑูŠุงุถุฉ ุงู„ุชุฒู„ุฌ ูˆูŠู‚ุฏู…ูˆู†
119
00:09:26,860 --> 00:09:30,760
ุฌุณู…ู‡ู… ูˆูŠุธู„ ุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ู… ุซุงุจุชุฉ ุซุงุจุชุฉ ููŠุตุจุญ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ energy
120
00:09:30,760 --> 00:09:33,640
ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูŠู‚ุฏู… ูˆูŠุตุจุญ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
121
00:09:47,180 --> 00:09:52,360
ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุตุจุญ Transverse fracture ุฅุฐู‹ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
122
00:09:52,360 --> 00:09:56,200
ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุชุตุจุญ ููŠู‡ุง tension ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุชุตุจุญ ููŠู‡ุง
123
00:09:56,200 --> 00:10:04,060
compression ุนุงุฏุฉู‹
124
00:10:04,060 --> 00:10:09,740
ุฃูŠู† ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ fractureุŸ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ู‘ู†ุง
125
00:10:09,740 --> 00:10:13,000
ู„ุง ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏู†ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‘ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุชุฒู„ุฌ ุนู„ู‰
126
00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:17,510
ุงู„ุจุงู„ูŠุจ ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุฒู„ุฌ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
127
00:10:17,510 --> 00:10:23,210
ุงู„ุจูˆุช ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจุงู„ุชุฒู„ุฌ ุงู„ุจูˆุช ู‡ุฐุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูƒุจู‘ุท ุจุญุฏุงูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰
128
00:10:23,210 --> 00:10:27,110
ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠุจูŠุง ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชุซุจุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃู†
129
00:10:27,110 --> 00:10:32,650
ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจูŠุชู‚ุฏู… ููŠ ุฌุณู…ู‡ ูˆุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ู…ุญุฌูˆุฒุฉ ุจุฌูˆุงุช
130
00:10:32,650 --> 00:10:36,230
ุงู„ุจูˆุช ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชูŠุจูŠุง ูˆ ู„ู„ูุจู„ุง ูˆุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
131
00:10:36,230 --> 00:10:41,830
ููŠู‡ fracture ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ top of the tibia ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
132
00:10:41,830 --> 00:10:49,950
bending ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ proximal tibia and an equal
133
00:10:49,950 --> 00:10:54,710
moment produced by the fixed part ู„ุฃู† ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ุชุญุช ุฃูˆ
134
00:10:54,710 --> 00:11:02,210
ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฌูˆุงู‡ ุงู„ุจูˆุช ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
135
00:11:02,210 --> 00:11:09,310
ูƒุณุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุญุฑู ุงู„ุจูˆุช ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠุจูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุญุจูˆุจ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€
136
00:11:09,310 --> 00:11:12,730
four point bending fracture ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ
137
00:11:12,730 --> 00:11:18,390
manipulation ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„ reduction ู„ุฅู† ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง
138
00:11:18,390 --> 00:11:22,390
ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ููŠู‡ surgical affected
139
00:11:22,390 --> 00:11:26,370
fracture ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ tibia ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ manipulation
140
00:11:26,370 --> 00:11:33,390
ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุณุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชูŠุจูŠุง ุฃูˆ ูƒุณุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ tibia ู†ุฑูˆุญ
141
00:11:33,390 --> 00:11:36,650
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ fracture due to shear ุฃู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
142
00:11:36,650 --> 00:11:41,880
ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ู„ูˆุตู ุงู„ู€ stress ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ุน ุนู†ู‡ุง
143
00:11:41,880 --> 00:11:46,440
Spondylolisthesis
144
00:11:46,440 --> 00:11:51,420
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
145
00:11:51,420 --> 00:11:56,520
ูƒุณุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„
146
00:11:56,520 --> 00:11:59,000
ุงู„ู€ facet joints ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ุนู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
147
00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:05,240
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู„ู„ูู‚ุฑุฉ ู„ุชุญุช ูุจุณ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ู…
148
00:12:05,240 --> 00:12:12,380
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ู„ู„ูู‚ุฑุงุช ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุดูŠุฑ ู‡ู†ุง
149
00:12:12,380 --> 00:12:17,340
ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ disc ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุถุนูŠู ูˆ thin ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุด ุนู†ุฏู‡
150
00:12:17,340 --> 00:12:23,400
ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุตุฏู…ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ fracture ุงู„
151
00:12:23,400 --> 00:12:29,220
shear loading ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ load is applied parallel to the
152
00:12:29,220 --> 00:12:32,740
surface of the structure ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ
153
00:12:32,740 --> 00:12:37,910
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ condyles phone ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Fracture
154
00:12:37,910 --> 00:12:41,990
of Femur ุงู„ู€ Femoral Condyle ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Tibial Plateau
155
00:12:41,990 --> 00:12:46,030
ูˆุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ Scars ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ุทูˆุง
156
00:12:46,030 --> 00:12:49,930
ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ูุฒูˆุง ู‚ูุฒุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ูˆุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู€ Femur ุนู„ู‰
157
00:12:49,930 --> 00:12:54,910
ุงู„ู€ Tibial Plateau ูู‡ู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
158
00:12:54,910 --> 00:13:01,170
sliding ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ vertebrae ุฃุซู†ุชูŠู† ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ู…
159
00:13:01,170 --> 00:13:04,230
ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุธู‡ุฑ
160
00:13:08,720 --> 00:13:14,660
5S1 ุงู„ู€ fracture due to torsional load ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„
161
00:13:14,660 --> 00:13:18,900
ุงู„ู€ torsion ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุนุตุฑ ู„ุฃู† ููŠู‡ุง twisting ููŠ
162
00:13:18,900 --> 00:13:21,680
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ twisting ุงู„ู€ bone is subjected to
163
00:13:21,680 --> 00:13:24,120
different types of stress in different directions
164
00:13:24,120 --> 00:13:26,400
ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง shear ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง compression ูˆ ููŠ
165
00:13:26,400 --> 00:13:29,900
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง tension ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ shear
166
00:13:29,900 --> 00:13:34,480
stresses occur at the axial direction ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
167
00:13:34,480 --> 00:13:39,180
ุงู„ุนุธู… ูˆูƒุงู† ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ู„ูˆ ู…ุณูƒู†ุง ููˆุทุฉ ูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
168
00:13:39,180 --> 00:13:44,760
ุจุนุตุฑ ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก
169
00:13:44,760 --> 00:13:50,100
ุงู„ููˆุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุฌุฑ ู…ู† ุนุตุฑู‡ุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ shear stresses
170
00:13:50,100 --> 00:13:56,820
ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ู€ shear stresses ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ central axis
171
00:13:59,020 --> 00:14:04,060
ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญูŠุท ุงู„ุนุธู… ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุจุนุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ูƒู…ุง
172
00:14:04,060 --> 00:14:09,400
ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุญุถุฑูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง tensile
173
00:14:09,400 --> 00:14:17,120
compressive ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู…
174
00:14:17,120 --> 00:14:19,300
ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู…
175
00:14:19,300 --> 00:14:21,880
ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู…
176
00:14:21,880 --> 00:14:22,920
ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู…
177
00:14:22,920 --> 00:14:25,790
ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€
178
00:14:25,790 --> 00:14:29,450
fracture in shape of small crack and then run ุงู„
179
00:14:29,450 --> 00:14:34,510
spiral manner ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ spiral manner
180
00:14:34,510 --> 00:14:40,470
ู‡ู†ุง ููƒุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฏูˆุฑุงู† ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ..
181
00:14:40,470 --> 00:14:51,410
ุงู„ู€ bone ุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏู‡ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ spiral fracture ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง
182
00:14:51,410 --> 00:14:53,830
ุงู„ู€ angle ุจุชูƒูˆู† 45
183
00:14:56,380 --> 00:15:02,420
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€Skier ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€Bot ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุงุท
184
00:15:02,420 --> 00:15:09,180
ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจู‡ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€Tibia ู…ู† ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒู„
185
00:15:09,180 --> 00:15:13,740
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุชูˆู‚ู ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ุจูŠุธู„ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูู‡ุฐู‡
186
00:15:13,740 --> 00:15:20,710
ุจุชุซุจุช ุงู„ุญุจุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€Bot ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงูุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุซุงุจุชุฉ
187
00:15:20,710 --> 00:15:25,110
ูˆุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Tibia ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง
188
00:15:25,110 --> 00:15:33,210
ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุญุฌุฒ
189
00:15:33,210 --> 00:15:39,650
ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Tibia ูˆุจุชุธู„ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Tibia
190
00:15:39,650 --> 00:15:43,490
ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง
191
00:15:52,140 --> 00:15:56,060
ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ shear stresses ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
192
00:15:56,060 --> 00:16:00,360
torsion ูƒูŠู ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุงู† ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ shear
193
00:16:00,360 --> 00:16:07,900
stresses ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ normal tensile stresses ุงู„
194
00:16:07,900 --> 00:16:13,100
fracture due to a combined load Combined ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
195
00:16:13,100 --> 00:16:18,320
ูƒุฐุง load ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ bending ู…ุน compression
196
00:16:18,320 --> 00:16:22,640
load ุจุณุจุจ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุนุงู…ุฉู‹ ุชุณุจุจ
197
00:16:22,640 --> 00:16:25,140
ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
198
00:16:25,140 --> 00:16:30,120
ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒุณุฑ ุจุธู‡ูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ู†ุฒูŠู ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
199
00:16:30,120 --> 00:16:31,400
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
200
00:16:31,400 --> 00:16:36,040
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ุณุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
201
00:16:36,040 --> 00:16:36,360
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ
202
00:16:42,490 --> 00:16:46,530
ุงู„ุชู†ุณูŠุท ุจูŠู‚ุถูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†
203
00:16:46,530 --> 00:16:50,870
ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชู†ุณูŠุท
204
00:16:50,870 --> 00:16:56,930
ูุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง compression ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ fracture
205
00:16:56,930 --> 00:17:01,930
pattern will be as bending fracture ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุณ
206
00:17:01,930 --> 00:17:05,470
bending transverse fracture ููŠ ุชู†ุณูŠุท ูˆ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
207
00:17:05,470 --> 00:17:09,210
butterfly ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ compressive ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ butterfly
208
00:17:09,210 --> 00:17:15,530
more bigger ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู€ Butterfly ุฃูƒุจุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
209
00:17:15,530 --> 00:17:20,650
ุจุณุจุจ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Bending ูˆ ุงู„ู€ CompressionุŸ
210
00:17:20,650 --> 00:17:25,750
ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุถูู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Bending ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€
211
00:17:25,750 --> 00:17:32,610
Compression ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ Butterfly
212
00:17:32,610 --> 00:17:38,790
case ุจุชุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ู†ุง ุจุณ Bending
213
00:17:39,310 --> 00:17:43,710
ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒูŠู ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ tension ูˆ ุงู„
214
00:17:43,710 --> 00:17:47,430
compression ูˆ ุงู„ู€ tension ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ compression ูˆ ูƒูŠู
215
00:17:47,430 --> 00:17:52,770
ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง Transverse fracture ูˆ
216
00:17:52,770 --> 00:17:56,750
ู‡ู†ุง Butterfly
217
00:17:56,750 --> 00:18:03,610
ุงู„ู€ combination ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ torsion ูˆ ุงู„ู€ bending ูˆ ุงู„
218
00:18:03,610 --> 00:18:08,080
compression load ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ
219
00:18:08,080 --> 00:18:12,320
ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง complicated fracture ุฃูˆ compound
220
00:18:12,320 --> 00:18:17,900
fracture ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง will cause spiral
221
00:18:17,900 --> 00:18:21,560
fracture at the opposite side and also combined
222
00:18:21,560 --> 00:18:26,120
with small oblique fracture ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฒูŠ
223
00:18:26,120 --> 00:18:32,580
ุชูุชุช ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธู… ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† load ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฃุซุฑ
224
00:18:32,580 --> 00:18:37,800
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุธู… ุทูŠุจุŒ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุฃุฑูˆุญ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง fractures ุฃูˆ
225
00:18:37,800 --> 00:18:41,580
fatigue fracture stress or march fracture ู„ูŠุด ุณู…ูˆู‡
226
00:18:41,580 --> 00:18:46,500
march fractureุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนุฏุงุฆูŠู† ูˆ
227
00:18:46,500 --> 00:18:51,280
ุงู„ู…ุดุงูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠุดุŒ ู„ุฐุง ุณู…ูˆู‡ march fracture ุทูŠุจุŒ ุงู„
228
00:18:51,280 --> 00:18:54,640
phenomenon of fatigue fracture ู„ุฏู‰ ุฅุญู†ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
229
00:18:54,640 --> 00:18:58,140
ุจู†ุถุฑุจ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠุด ููŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู†
230
00:18:58,140 --> 00:19:02,420
ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุจุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุง ุจุชู†ูƒุณุฑุดุŒ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุง ุจุชู†ูƒุณุฑุดุŒ
231
00:19:02,420 --> 00:19:07,590
ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ูุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุชุชูุชุช ุชุชูุชุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ
232
00:19:07,590 --> 00:19:11,410
ูˆูƒู†ุง ุทุงู„ุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุฏุฑุณู‡ู… ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ูŠุง ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูˆุงู„ูŠ
233
00:19:11,410 --> 00:19:15,330
ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ูˆู…ุง ุงู†ูƒุณุฑุด ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู‚ุน ุนู†
234
00:19:15,330 --> 00:19:20,970
ุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ูุงู†ูƒุณุฑ ุทุจ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู…ุด ุจูŠูุณุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฅู† ุฃูˆู„
235
00:19:20,970 --> 00:19:28,230
ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูˆู‚ุน ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุณู‡ ุงู„ู€ molecules ูˆ ุงู„ู€ stress
236
00:19:28,230 --> 00:19:34,220
inside ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎููŠู ูููŠู‡ ุชุญู…ู„ ูƒุงู†ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
237
00:19:34,220 --> 00:19:38,360
ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ microns ููŠ ุดุบู„ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ
238
00:19:38,360 --> 00:19:42,780
micro cracks ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุชุจุน
239
00:19:42,780 --> 00:19:48,500
ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌูˆุงุช ูุงู„ุฏุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุงุชุญู…ู„ุช ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูˆ ูˆู‚ุน ุฃูˆ
240
00:19:48,500 --> 00:19:52,060
ุงู†ูƒุณุฑ ุฃูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ damage ุงู„ู€ fracture ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone
241
00:19:52,060 --> 00:19:55,850
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุฃูˆู„ ุฏุฑุจุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ
242
00:19:55,850 --> 00:19:59,090
ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ุจุชุชุญู…ุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชูˆุฌุนู†ุง ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ู…ุง ุจุนู„ูŠุด
243
00:19:59,090 --> 00:20:03,130
ู‡ุชุฏู„ุน ู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจู‡ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฏุฑุจุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจุชูˆุฌุนู†ุง
244
00:20:03,130 --> 00:20:06,350
ูŠูˆู… ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
245
00:20:06,350 --> 00:20:10,810
ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ูˆ ูŠุฏูˆุจ ูˆ ูŠูˆู‚ุน ุนู† ุทุฑู ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุฑ ู„ูŠุดุŸ
246
00:20:10,810 --> 00:20:14,210
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุง ูƒู…ู„ุด ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€normal remodeling ุฃูˆ
247
00:20:14,210 --> 00:20:18,150
ุงู„ู€healing ู„ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุฃุฎุฏ ุฏุฑุจุงุช ู…ุชุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุฑุง ุจุนุถู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡
248
00:20:18,150 --> 00:20:21,410
ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ูˆุงู‚ููŠู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ
249
00:20:22,320 --> 00:20:26,860
ูˆุชุนุฑุถูˆุง ู„ุถุฑุจุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Fatigue is a process
250
00:20:26,860 --> 00:20:34,100
of pair and growth of cracks in a structure
251
00:20:34,100 --> 00:20:38,420
subjected to repetitive load cycles ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ
252
00:20:38,420 --> 00:20:45,440
ุจุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ุถุฑุจุงุช ุงู„ู€ Cracks developed within and
253
00:20:45,440 --> 00:20:50,030
between the osteon in an empty boneุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸู‡ูŠ
254
00:20:50,030 --> 00:20:56,790
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ not excessive ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ู‘ูŠ ูƒุซุฑ ู„ูƒู†
255
00:20:56,790 --> 00:21:04,250
ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ remodeling ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
256
00:21:04,250 --> 00:21:08,590
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุชุฑุจุงุช ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ุชุตุงุต
257
00:21:08,590 --> 00:21:12,510
ู„ู„ู…ุชุงุฑูŠุง around the micro-graphs and new bone
258
00:21:12,510 --> 00:21:18,110
deposition ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุธู… ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡
259
00:21:18,550 --> 00:21:23,730
ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุนุธู… ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠุฏูŠ ุจู†ุงุก ู†ูุณู‡ If
260
00:21:23,730 --> 00:21:27,790
the damage is excessive, the normal remodeling
261
00:21:27,790 --> 00:21:31,910
process can't keep up with the repair and fracture
262
00:21:43,880 --> 00:21:47,100
ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ fracture ู…ู† ุถุฑุจุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
263
00:21:47,100 --> 00:21:49,700
ู…ุด ุถุฑุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุถุฑุจุชู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุถุจ
264
00:21:49,700 --> 00:21:54,260
ุชูƒูˆู† ุถุนูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุถุฑุจ ู†ูƒุณุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ
265
00:21:54,260 --> 00:21:57,840
ูู†ุถุฑุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู„ุช ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ุฅูŠุด
266
00:21:57,840 --> 00:22:00,860
ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงู…ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ุฎู„ุฎู„ู†ุง
267
00:22:00,860 --> 00:22:06,760
ุงู„ุฑุฒูŠู‚ุงุช ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุณู‡ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุชุจู‡ุง As the
268
00:22:06,760 --> 00:22:10,420
number of cyclic blood increases the ability of
269
00:22:10,420 --> 00:22:11,220
the bone
270
00:22:24,680 --> 00:22:31,420
ุชุชุฌู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
271
00:22:31,420 --> 00:22:36,700
microns
272
00:22:36,700 --> 00:22:42,340
ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูƒุชุงุณุชุฑุงููŠูƒุงู„ูŠ
273
00:22:42,340 --> 00:22:47,560
ูˆูŠุณุจุจ ููŠู‡ ูุฑู‚ุดุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ูู†ูˆู…ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Fatigue Fracture
274
00:22:47,560 --> 00:23:01,540
ูƒู…ุง ู†ุฑู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง
275
00:23:01,540 --> 00:23:08,270
ุชุตุจุญ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Binding ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ู‡ู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด
276
00:23:08,270 --> 00:23:17,350
ุฅุดูŠ ุฎู„ ุฎู„ุช ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ
277
00:23:17,350 --> 00:23:23,870
ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ .. ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ fracture ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ
278
00:23:23,870 --> 00:23:29,630
ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ modeling ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุจูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ุฃู…ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุนุฏ
279
00:23:29,630 --> 00:23:34,950
ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุงุจุชู‚ุฏุฑุด ุชุชุญู…ู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุงู„ุญุช ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
280
00:23:34,950 --> 00:23:42,890
healing ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ failure ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
281
00:23:42,890 --> 00:23:49,390
ู…ุง ุจุชู„ู‚ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุฑุฌุนุฉ ุงู†ูƒุณุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงุดูŠ ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ
282
00:23:49,390 --> 00:23:56,010
ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ stress fracture of the foot ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
283
00:23:56,010 --> 00:24:00,890
ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠู‚ุงุจู„ูˆู†ุง ุจูŠุณุฃู„ูˆู†ุง ู„ูŠุด ููŠ
284
00:24:00,890 --> 00:24:04,500
ุงู†ุง ู…ู† ุงุฎุฑ ุถุฑุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุนุงุฑู ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู‚ูŠุช
285
00:24:04,500 --> 00:24:08,280
ุฑุฌู„ูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุชู„ูˆุฌุงู†ูŠ ูู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ stress
286
00:24:08,280 --> 00:24:12,660
fracture ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุญ metatarsal ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุด ูˆู„ุง
287
00:24:12,660 --> 00:24:19,960
ุฅุดูŠ ุฅู„ุง ุจุณ ุจุฏู‡ ุชู„ุฌ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ูˆุฑุงุญุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุจ
288
00:24:19,960 --> 00:24:25,480
ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ soldiers ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุจุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ูˆู‚ูˆู
289
00:24:25,480 --> 00:24:30,340
ุฃูˆ ุงู„ runners ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุชุธู„ูˆุง ู…ูŠุฌุฑูˆุง ุจุชุฎุจุทูˆุง ููŠ ุทุฑู
290
00:24:30,340 --> 00:24:32,280
ุงู„ุฑุตูŠูุฉ ู…ุคู„ู… ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ
291
00:24:41,380 --> 00:24:49,360
ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุดูƒู„ ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ู€ stress fracture ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
292
00:24:49,360 --> 00:24:56,720
ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏุงุฏุงุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุง ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง
293
00:24:56,720 --> 00:25:00,860
ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ PDM ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ
294
00:25:03,050 --> 00:25:07,150
The larger the stress, the faster will be the
295
00:25:07,150 --> 00:25:11,410
fracture ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง shorter fatigue life ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง
296
00:25:11,410 --> 00:25:16,230
ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ stress ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ุฃุณุฑุน ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุง
297
00:25:16,230 --> 00:25:21,830
ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ stress ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุชุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ูุณุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู†ู‡
298
00:25:21,830 --> 00:25:24,390
ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุฏุฑุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง
299
00:25:24,390 --> 00:25:29,150
ุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ fatigue life means
300
00:25:33,310 --> 00:25:38,030
ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฎุทุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆู‚ุชุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุถู„ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุดุฎุต
301
00:25:38,030 --> 00:25:42,590
ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุฎุทุฃ ูˆูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ุถุบุท ูˆูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ูƒุณุฑ
302
00:25:42,590 --> 00:25:45,930
The slower the fracture the longer will be the
303
00:25:45,930 --> 00:25:49,130
fatigue life and the faster the fracture the
304
00:25:49,130 --> 00:25:54,290
shorter will be the fatigue life ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช
305
00:25:54,290 --> 00:25:58,710
ุณุฑุนุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู„ุงู‚ูŠู†ุง fracture ุตุงุฑุช ุฃุณุฑุน ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„
306
00:25:58,710 --> 00:26:04,840
fatigue life ุฃู‚ู„ ุทุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ causes of fatigue
307
00:26:04,840 --> 00:26:09,700
and fractureุŸ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ูุณุฑู†ุงู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€
308
00:26:09,700 --> 00:26:13,460
fatigue of the muscles which act to reduce the
309
00:26:13,460 --> 00:26:17,080
inside stresses on the bone. So if stresses
310
00:26:17,080 --> 00:26:20,640
increase on certain area of the bone unfairly or
311
00:26:20,640 --> 00:26:25,920
not ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฅู† ุงู„ุฅุถุงู… ุจุญุงุทุฉ ุจุงู„ุนุฏู„ุงุช
312
00:26:25,920 --> 00:26:29,920
ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุญ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุญู‚ ู„ู€ movement ู„ูƒู† ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ู‡ุง
313
00:26:29,920 --> 00:26:34,310
ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุญู…ูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ Covering ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู€ bone
314
00:26:34,310 --> 00:26:38,750
ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Layers ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู€ bone ุจุชุญู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹
315
00:26:38,750 --> 00:26:44,430
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุฃุณูุฉ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
316
00:26:44,430 --> 00:26:49,210
ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ู…ุฑู‡ู‚ุฉ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ู„ูŠุณ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณ
317
00:26:49,210 --> 00:26:55,810
ููŠู‡ุง tool ุชุญู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ bone ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ left traction
318
00:26:55,810 --> 00:27:02,970
ุฃูˆ accumulation of the bone might ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง
319
00:27:02,970 --> 00:27:07,690
ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ ossification ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ repair ูˆ
320
00:27:07,690 --> 00:27:12,050
remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹
321
00:27:12,050 --> 00:27:13,350
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ ossification ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡
322
00:27:13,350 --> 00:27:17,210
repair ูˆ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„
323
00:27:17,210 --> 00:27:18,230
ู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚
324
00:27:18,230 --> 00:27:19,030
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง
325
00:27:19,030 --> 00:27:19,170
ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
326
00:27:19,170 --> 00:27:19,370
ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹
327
00:27:19,370 --> 00:27:20,350
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling
328
00:27:20,350 --> 00:27:20,650
ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ
329
00:27:20,650 --> 00:27:24,770
remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹
330
00:27:24,770 --> 00:27:27,290
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling
331
00:27:27,290 --> 00:27:30,010
ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุถุฑุจุฉ ู„ูƒู†
332
00:27:30,010 --> 00:27:35,490
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุถุฑุจุฉ ุฃุณุงุณุง ู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒุณุฑ
333
00:27:35,490 --> 00:27:40,250
ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชุชุฌู…ุน ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ damage ู„ุญุฏ
334
00:27:40,250 --> 00:27:45,150
ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ failure ุชุตูŠุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุนุถู„ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃูŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰
335
00:27:45,150 --> 00:27:49,750
ุงู„ุชุญู…ู„ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุขุฎุฑ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ decrease
336
00:27:49,750 --> 00:27:54,450
intermolecular resistance of the bone ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุจุชุถุนู
337
00:27:54,450 --> 00:27:58,800
ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ osteoporosis ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉู„ุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุฃ
338
00:27:58,800 --> 00:28:03,720
ูู…ู†ูŠุฑุงู„ุฒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุณุชุฑุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
339
00:28:03,720 --> 00:28:08,940
ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุถุงู‚ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุถุนู ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุณุงุณ ุฃู†ู‡
340
00:28:08,940 --> 00:28:13,160
ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง head fracture ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ fractures ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆ
341
00:28:13,160 --> 00:28:17,100
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ fracture common ููŠ ุงู„ metatarsals ุฃูˆ
342
00:28:17,100 --> 00:28:22,840
military risk weak roots ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„
343
00:28:22,840 --> 00:28:27,640
ุงู„ military ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฌูŠุด ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุจูŠุฌุฑูˆุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ
344
00:28:27,640 --> 00:28:31,320
ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุชุจุฑุงุฏุฌุงู„ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆุจูŠุชุนุจูˆุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆู…ููŠุด
345
00:28:31,320 --> 00:28:34,700
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃูˆู‚ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฑุงุญุฉ ูˆุจุชูƒุฑุฑ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
346
00:28:34,700 --> 00:28:38,880
ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ metatarsal fracture
347
00:28:38,880 --> 00:28:42,500
ุงู„athletes ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ marching long distance ุฃูˆ ุงู„
348
00:28:42,500 --> 00:28:49,140
running ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุดูŠ ู„ู…ุณุงูุงุช ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุณุงุจู‚ุงุช
349
00:28:49,140 --> 00:28:54,240
ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุฏุงุฆูŠู† ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู… ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจูŠุชุฎุจุทูˆุง ูˆ ุงู„
350
00:28:54,240 --> 00:28:58,200
nurses ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… the fracture of the fifth metatarsal
351
00:28:58,200 --> 00:29:01,940
ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ nurses ุจุชุชุนุฑุถูˆุง ู„ู„ูˆู‚ูˆู ู„ูุชุฑุงุช
352
00:29:01,940 --> 00:29:06,500
ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุดูŠู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ุฃูˆ ุจุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุด ู„ู†ูุณู‡ู… ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง
353
00:29:06,500 --> 00:29:10,100
ุจุชุทุฑุฑ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ูŠุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุธุฑูˆู
354
00:29:10,100 --> 00:29:15,160
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุงุช ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุจุงุก ู‡ุฐุง ุฎู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰
355
00:29:15,160 --> 00:29:19,900
ุนู„ุงุชู‚ู‡ู… ุดู‡ุฏุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰
356
00:29:19,900 --> 00:29:24,880
ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู„ูˆู‚ุช ุทูˆูŠู„ ูŠุณู…ุญูˆุง ู„ูƒุฑุงูƒุณ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุชุตุจุญ
357
00:29:24,880 --> 00:29:30,940
ู…ุตุงุฏุฑุฉ ูˆุชุชูุฑุฌ ุจุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆู†ุณ ุจุจุนุถ ู…ุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุฉ
358
00:29:30,940 --> 00:29:37,640
ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุญุตู„ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุจุณูŠุท ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
359
00:29:37,640 --> 00:29:44,600
ู…ู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุญุฑูƒ ุฃูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุฃูˆ ูŠุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰
360
00:29:44,600 --> 00:29:49,970
ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุทูŠุจ ูƒูŠู ู†ุนู…ู„ reduce ู„ู„ wet pairing ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
361
00:29:49,970 --> 00:29:54,930
ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ู†ูˆู‚ูุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ู„ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
362
00:29:54,930 --> 00:29:59,290
ุงู„ุดูˆุฒ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูŠุญุฉ ูˆุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ู…ุงู†ุฏูˆุฑุด ุนู„ู‰
363
00:29:59,290 --> 00:30:03,770
ุงู„ู…ุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุดูˆุฒ ู„ุฃ ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุดูˆุฒ ุชูƒูˆู†
364
00:30:03,770 --> 00:30:08,690
ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุฑูŠุญุฉ ูˆูˆุงุณุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆุงู„ุจ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
365
00:30:08,690 --> 00:30:12,970
ุงู„ุจูˆุฒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ู…ุด ุงู„ุจูˆุฒ ุงู„ุฑู‚ูŠุน ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู„ุจุณ
366
00:30:12,970 --> 00:30:16,520
ุงู„ู…ุดุฏุงุช ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€
367
00:30:16,520 --> 00:30:19,900
Stabilization and Support ู„ู„ู€ Infants