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ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
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Hepatocellular injury ู‡ู„ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ููŠู‡ุง damage
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00:00:08,670 --> 00:00:13,530
ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŒ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ุขุฎุฑุŒ ุงู„ู€ ALT (Alanine
4
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Aminotransferase)ุŒ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ู„ู‡ ู†ุดุงุท ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ูŠ
5
00:00:18,270 --> 00:00:23,410
ู…ุดุงุจู‡ ู„ู€ ASTุŒ ุดุบู„ู‡ ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ู†ูุณ ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู€
6
00:00:23,410 --> 00:00:29,650
ASTุŒ ุฅูŠู‡ ุดุบู„ู‡ู…ุŸ ูŠู†ู‚ู„ ุฃู…ูŠู† ุฌุฑูˆุจ (ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃู…ูŠู†) ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู†
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ู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุขุฎุฑุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ALT (Converts) ูŠุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃู„ุงู†ูŠู†
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00:00:37,360 --> 00:00:42,440
ูˆุงู„ุฃู„ูุง ูƒูŠุชูˆ ุฌู„ูˆ ุชุงุฑูŠุช ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจูŠุฑูˆูุงุช
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00:00:42,440 --> 00:00:46,840
ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูˆุชุงู…ุงุชุŒ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู†ุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Amino Acid
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ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠุŒ ุงู„ุฃู„ุงู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุฃู„ูุง ูƒูŠุชูˆ ุฌู„ูˆ ุชุงุฑูŠุช ููŠ
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00:00:52,380 --> 00:00:57,100
ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ ALT ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจู†ุฒุน ุงู„ู€ Amino
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Group ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญู…ุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู„ุงู†ูŠู† ูˆุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ุง
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00:01:01,630 --> 00:01:06,690
ูˆุจูŠู†ู‚ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑุŒ ุงู„ู€ ฮฑ- ูƒูŠุชูˆ ุฌู„ูˆ ุชุงุฑูŠุช
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00:01:06,690 --> 00:01:13,410
ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ู†ู‚ู„ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃู„ุงู†ูŠู† ู‡ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ Pyruvate ูˆุงู„ู€
15
00:01:13,410 --> 00:01:18,670
ฮฑ-ูƒูŠุชูˆ ุฌู„ูˆ ุชุงุฑูŠุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ Glutamate
16
00:01:18,670 --> 00:01:25,130
ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู…ุด ู‡ุทู„ุจ ู…ู†ูƒู… ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุชุญูˆูŠู„ุŒ ุจุณ ู„ู„ุนู„ู… ูˆู„
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00:01:25,130 --> 00:01:31,030
ู„ู„ูู‡ู…ุŒ ุงู„ู€ Clinical Significance ู„ู„ูุญุตุŒ ุงู„ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ
18
00:01:31,030 --> 00:01:35,590
ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุตูŠุฉ ู„ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ ALTุŒ it is found in the kidneys,
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heart and skeletal muscle tissue, but primarily in
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the liver tissueุŒ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ู„ูŠ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ู€ ALTุŒ ูˆูŠู†
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00:01:44,030 --> 00:01:47,910
ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
22
00:01:47,910 --> 00:01:53,470
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ูˆุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„ูŠุฉุŒ ูˆ RBCsุŒ ุฃุถูŠู ูƒู…ุงู†
23
00:01:53,620 --> 00:01:57,400
ุงู„ู€ Red Blood Cells (ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุญู…ุฑุงุก)ุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
24
00:01:57,400 --> 00:02:02,760
ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŒ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ู„ุง ูŠูุฐูƒุฑุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
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00:02:02,760 --> 00:02:07,680
ู„ูƒู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจู€ primarilyุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุŒ ุงู„ู€ ALT
26
00:02:07,680 --> 00:02:12,600
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ALT ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
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00:02:12,600 --> 00:02:16,280
kidneyุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ heartุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ skeletal muscleุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ RBCs
28
00:02:16,840 --> 00:02:22,080
ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ liver tissue ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจู€
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00:02:22,080 --> 00:02:28,040
high concentration (ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนุงู„ูŠ)ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
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00:02:28,040 --> 00:02:34,220
serumุŒ ุฒูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ุงู„ู€ ALT ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฌุฏู‹ุง
31
00:02:34,220 --> 00:02:38,960
ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ ุงู„ู€ ALT ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ serum
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00:02:38,960 --> 00:02:43,830
ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูˆูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุงู„ู€
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00:02:43,830 --> 00:02:48,910
tissueุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุงู„ู€
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test is used mainly in the diagnosis of liver
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disease and to monitor the effects of hepatotoxic
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drugsุŒ ุงู„ูุญุต ุจูŠู†ุนู…ู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠุŒ ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ ALTุŒ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดุฎุต
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00:03:01,850 --> 00:03:06,930
ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ูˆุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุจ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุŒ
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00:03:06,930 --> 00:03:13,700
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุชุงุจุน ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณุงู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰
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00:03:13,700 --> 00:03:19,260
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ DrugsุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ุชุคุซุฑ
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00:03:19,260 --> 00:03:24,520
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุชุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ูˆุชุนู…ู„ injury
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00:03:24,520 --> 00:03:30,040
ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ูุฅุญู†ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ ALT ุจู†ุชุงุจุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ
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ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ often higher than AST with liver damage and
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tend to remain elevated longerุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ ALT
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00:03:42,780 --> 00:03:48,220
ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ AST ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช liver damage
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00:03:48,220 --> 00:03:53,160
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ (liver damage)ุŒ ุงู„ู€
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00:03:53,160 --> 00:03:57,720
AST ูˆุงู„ู€ ALTุŒ ุงู„ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจุณ
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00:03:57,720 --> 00:04:02,220
ู…ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŸ ุงู„ู€ ALTุŒ ุงู„ู€ ALT ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
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00:04:02,220 --> 00:04:06,700
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนุงู„ูŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ูู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
49
00:04:06,700 --> 00:04:11,860
ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ ALT ูˆุงู„ู€ AST ู„ู„ุฎุงุฑุฌุŒ
50
00:04:11,860 --> 00:04:17,110
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ ALT ูˆุงู„ู€ AST ุงู„ุฅุซู†ูŠู†
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00:04:17,110 --> 00:04:22,050
ู‡ูŠุฒูŠุฏูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ุจุณ ุงู„ู€ ALT ู‡ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ AST
52
00:04:22,050 --> 00:04:28,250
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุตู„ู‹ุง ู‡ูˆ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ liver ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆุฃุนู„ู‰
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00:04:28,250 --> 00:04:32,690
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ุงู„ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ุงู„ู€ ALT ูˆุงู„ู€
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00:04:32,690 --> 00:04:38,510
AST ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏูˆุงุŒ ุจุณ ุงู„ู€ ALT ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
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00:04:38,510 --> 00:04:44,250
ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุดุบู„ุฉุŒ ุฅุฐู‹ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุดุบู„ุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡
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00:04:44,250 --> 00:04:49,090
ุบูŠุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ ALT ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ AST ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช
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00:04:49,090 --> 00:04:54,390
liver damageุŒ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ ALT ุจูŠุธู„ ุนุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…
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00:04:54,390 --> 00:05:02,690
ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุฃุทูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ more liver
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00:05:02,690 --> 00:05:07,930
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุดุบู„ุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ more liver specific than AST
60
00:05:07,930 --> 00:05:13,510
ุฅุฐุงู‹ ููŠ ุซู„ุงุซ ุดุบู„ุงุช ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฃุฎุฐู‡ุง ุจุนูŠู† ุงู„ุงุนุชุจุงุฑุŒ ุงู„ู€ ALT
61
00:05:13,510 --> 00:05:18,050
ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ูู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ liver
62
00:05:18,050 --> 00:05:24,070
damageุŒ ุงู„ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุทู„ุนูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู€ ALT
63
00:05:24,070 --> 00:05:30,490
ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ูˆู…ุด ุจุณ ู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ ALT
64
00:05:30,490 --> 00:05:37,150
ุจูŠุธู„ ุนุงู„ูŠ ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉุŒ ุฃุทูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
65
00:05:37,150 --> 00:05:43,270
ุจุนุฏ ุฎู…ุณุŒ ุณุช ุฃูŠุงู…ุŒ ุงู„ู€ AST ูŠุฑุฌุน ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ ูˆูŠุธู„ ุงู„ู€ ALT
66
00:05:43,270 --> 00:05:49,150
ุนุงู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ SerumุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ุดุบู„ุฉ ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ู„ู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
67
00:05:49,150 --> 00:05:57,230
ALT ูŠุนุชุจุฑ ู…ุชุฎุตุต ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ู…ุชุฎุตุต ู„ู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ูุญุต
68
00:05:57,230 --> 00:06:03,700
ุงู„ู€ ALT ู…ุชุฎุตุต ุฃูƒุซุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู…ู† ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ุชูุงุฌุฃู†ุง ุฃู†
69
00:06:03,700 --> 00:06:09,280
ุงู„ู€ AST ู…ุด ู…ุชุฎุตุตุŒ ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู†ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจูŠุฉุŒ ุจูŠุฑุชูุน
70
00:06:09,280 --> 00:06:14,860
ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ ALT ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ remains
71
00:06:14,860 --> 00:06:20,040
normal in acute myocardial infarction (ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
72
00:06:20,040 --> 00:06:25,400
ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู†ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจูŠุฉ)ุŒ ุฅุฐู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ุชุฎุตุต ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠุก ู„ู„ูƒุจุฏ
73
00:06:25,960 --> 00:06:30,260
ู„ูŠุด ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŒ ู…ุน ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ุชุณุฃู„ูˆู†ูŠุŒ ู‡ุชุญูƒูˆุง ู„ูŠ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ ALT
74
00:06:30,260 --> 00:06:34,880
ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุŒ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ kidneyุŒ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูŠุด
75
00:06:34,880 --> 00:06:39,140
ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู†ูˆุจุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุญูƒูŠุช ู„ูƒู… ู‡ูˆ
76
00:06:39,140 --> 00:06:42,200
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ kidneyุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ heartุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ skeletal
77
00:06:42,200 --> 00:06:48,420
muscleุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ RBCs ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ
78
00:06:48,420 --> 00:06:52,760
ุงู„ู€ AST ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
79
00:06:52,760 --> 00:06:56,680
ุงู„ู€ ALT ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
80
00:06:56,680 --> 00:07:00,320
ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฏู…ุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ ALT ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
81
00:07:00,320 --> 00:07:05,220
SerumุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ู…ุด ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ุฃูˆ ู‡ูŠูุฑู‚
82
00:07:05,220 --> 00:07:09,020
ู…ุนุงู‡ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุธู„ ุถู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Normal RangeุŒ
83
00:07:09,020 --> 00:07:15,020
ุฅุฐุงู‹ ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ ALT ู…ุชุฎุตุต ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ AST ู„ู„ูƒุจุฏ
84
00:07:17,040 --> 00:07:21,580
ุงู„ู€ Specimen Collection (ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ)ุŒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ุณูŠุฑู…
85
00:07:21,580 --> 00:07:25,140
ุฃูˆ ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุงุŒ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุงุŒ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€ AnticoagulantุŒ EDTA ุฃูˆ
86
00:07:25,140 --> 00:07:30,820
ู‡ูŠุจุงุฑูŠู†ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ ALT ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู€ RBCs
87
00:07:30,820 --> 00:07:35,240
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุชุฌู†ุจ ุฃุฌู…ุน ุนูŠู†ุฉ HemolyzedุŒ ูˆุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู€
88
00:07:35,240 --> 00:07:39,660
Hemolyzed ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง rejection (ุฃุฑูุถู‡ุง)ุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ูˆ
89
00:07:39,660 --> 00:07:44,600
ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ุง HemolysisุŒ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ ALT ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ RBCs
90
00:07:44,600 --> 00:07:48,630
ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑู…ุŒ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Serum ุจุดูƒู„ ุฎุงุทุฆ
91
00:07:48,630 --> 00:07:56,770
ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ ALT ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุงู„ู€ RBCs ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ุจู€ 5
92
00:07:56,770 --> 00:08:01,010
ุฃุถุนุงู ุงู„ู€ ALT ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ SerumุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
93
00:08:01,010 --> 00:08:07,090
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RBCsุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจู€ 5 ุฃุถุนุงูุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูˆ ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง
94
00:08:07,090 --> 00:08:13,600
ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ุงู„ู€ AST ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุจู€ 15 ุถุนูุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
95
00:08:13,600 --> 00:08:19,880
ุงู„ู€ AST ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ALT
96
00:08:19,880 --> 00:08:25,020
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ AST ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RBCs
97
00:08:25,020 --> 00:08:31,740
ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ALTุŒ ุงู„ู€ "Say for enzyme
98
00:08:31,740 --> 00:08:36,140
activity"ุŒ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€ activity ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุŒ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚
99
00:08:36,140 --> 00:08:41,460
ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ููŠ ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€ activity ุชุจุน ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ู€ ALT
100
00:08:42,350 --> 00:08:48,250
ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูˆู…ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ู†ูุณ ู…ุจุฏุฃ ุดุบู„ ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ู…ุด
101
00:08:48,250 --> 00:08:52,030
ู‡ูŠ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุงุชุŒ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุจุฏุฃุŒ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ุจุงู„ู€
102
00:08:52,030 --> 00:08:58,330
slideุŒ ุชู„ุฎูŠุตู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุชุŒ ุงู„ุฃุจูŠุถุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
103
00:08:58,330 --> 00:09:02,430
principle (ู…ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ูุญุต)ุŒ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ AST ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ
104
00:09:03,290 --> 00:09:07,070
ุงู„ู€ Serum ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ ALTุŒ ุงู„ู€
105
00:09:07,070 --> 00:09:10,490
enzyme ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€ activity ุชุจุนุชู‡ุŒ ุจุฏูŠ
106
00:09:10,490 --> 00:09:15,390
ุฃุญุณุจ ู†ุดุงุทู‡ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ุดุงุทู‡ ู‡ูŠุนุจุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ concentration
107
00:09:15,390 --> 00:09:25,350
ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ enzymeุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ู„ุฌูŠุชุŸ ุงู„ุฃู„ุงู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ุฃู„ูุง
108
00:09:25,350 --> 00:09:32,870
ูƒูŠุชูˆ ุฌู„ูˆ ุชุงุฑูŠุชุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ substrate ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ reagentุŒ ู‡ู„
109
00:09:32,870 --> 00:09:35,990
ุฌุงุช ุงู„ุฃู„ุงู†ูŠู†ุŒ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ Alpha-ketoglutarate
110
00:09:35,990 --> 00:09:40,950
substrateุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ReagentุŒ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุฎู„ุท
111
00:09:40,950 --> 00:09:45,710
ุงู„ู€ Reagent ุนู„ู‰ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑู…ุŒ ุงู„ู€ ALT
112
00:09:45,710 --> 00:09:49,670
ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑู… ู‡ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ substrate ุงู„ู„ูŠ
113
00:09:49,670 --> 00:09:53,630
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ReagentุŒ ูˆูŠุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃู„ุงู†ูŠู† ู„ู€ Pyruvate
114
00:09:53,630 --> 00:09:57,930
ูˆุงู„ู€ Alpha-ketoglutarate ู„ู€ GlutamateุŒ ุงู„ุจูŠุฑูˆูุงุช
115
00:09:57,930 --> 00:10:02,250
ู‡ูŠุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ NADHุŒ ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุงุณู…ู‡ ู„ูƒุชุงุช
116
00:10:02,250 --> 00:10:07,390
ุฏูŠู‡ูŠุฏุฑูˆุฌูŠู†ุงุฒุŒ ุญูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู„ูƒุชุงุช ูˆ NAD+ุŒ ุงู„ู€ Decrease ููŠ
117
00:10:07,390 --> 00:10:12,030
ุงู„ู€ AbsorbanceุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ NADH ุชุญูˆู„ุช ู„ู€ NAD+ุŒ ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ุง
118
00:10:12,030 --> 00:10:15,390
reductionุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ Decrease ููŠ
119
00:10:15,390 --> 00:10:20,110
ุงู„ู€ absorbanceุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ุตุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ absorbance ู‡ู†ู‚ุฑุฃู‡
120
00:10:20,110 --> 00:10:24,230
ุนู„ู‰ 340 nanometerุŒ ุงู„ู€ wavelengthุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
121
00:10:24,230 --> 00:10:30,550
ุงู„ู€ UVุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู†ู‚ุตุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ absorbanceุŒ ู‡ูŠุนุจุฑ
122
00:10:30,550 --> 00:10:35,890
ุนู† ุงู„ู€ activity ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ enzyme ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€
123
00:10:35,890 --> 00:10:41,310
procedure ู…ุด ู…ุฐูƒูˆุฑุฉุŒ ู‡ู†ุฐูƒุฑู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ูุญุตุŒ ุทุจุนู‹ุง
124
00:10:41,310 --> 00:10:45,700
ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉุŒ ู‡ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ู€ ALT ูŠุง ุงู„ู€ ASTุŒ ู„ุฃู†
125
00:10:45,700 --> 00:10:48,300
ุงู„ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ procedureุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
126
00:10:56,930 --> 00:11:03,430
ุงู„ู€ Normal Range ู„ู€ ALT ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฐูƒูˆุฑ ู…ู† 13 ู„ู€ 35
127
00:11:03,430 --> 00:11:08,410
International Unit Per LiterุŒ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุงุซ ู…ู† 10 ู„ู€ 30
128
00:11:08,410 --> 00:11:13,830
International Unit Per LiterุŒ High Serum Levels in
129
00:11:13,830 --> 00:11:19,790
Acute HepatitisุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ ALT ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ
130
00:11:19,790 --> 00:11:23,130
ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Serum ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Acute
131
00:11:23,130 --> 00:11:29,090
Hepatitis (ุงู„ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุงู„ุญุงุฏ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ)ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
132
00:11:29,090 --> 00:11:35,050
ุจูŠุตู„ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ู€ ALT ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Acute Hepatitis ู…ู†
133
00:11:35,050 --> 00:11:41,650
300 ู„ู€ 1000 International Unit per LiterุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ู€
134
00:11:41,650 --> 00:11:46,810
ALT ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฏู‹ุงุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑู… ุนู†ุฏ
135
00:11:46,810 --> 00:11:50,570
ุดุฎุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ุญุงุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ูˆุจูŠุตู„
136
00:11:50,570 --> 00:11:56,590
ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ู…ู† 300 ู„ู€ 1000 IU per literุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
137
00:11:56,590 --> 00:12:02,850
ู„ู‡ moderate elevationุŒ ุงู„ู€ Moderate elevation ูŠุนู†ูŠ
138
00:12:02,850 --> 00:12:07,530
ุงู„ู€ ALT ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุชูˆุณุท ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€
139
00:12:07,530 --> 00:12:11,130
Alcohol HepatitisุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ Hepatitis ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ ููŠ
140
00:12:11,130 --> 00:12:15,370
ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ Alcohol HepatitisุŒ ุฅู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ
141
00:12:15,370 --> 00:12:20,660
ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ูŠุงุชุŒ ู…ู† 100 ู„ู€ 300
142
00:12:20,660 --> 00:12:24,620
International Unit per LiterุŒ ุจุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู€ ALT ููŠ
143
00:12:24,620 --> 00:12:28,220
ุงู„ุณูŠุฑู… ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Alcohol HepatitisุŒ Minor
144
00:12:28,220 --> 00:12:33,780
elevation (ุจุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู€ ALT ุจุดูƒู„ ุจุณูŠุท ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช
145
00:12:33,780 --> 00:12:38,900
ุงู„ุชู„ูŠู ุงู„ูƒุจุฏูŠ)ุŒ ุชู„ูŠู ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุงู„ู€ Hepatitis CุŒ ุงู„ุชู‡ุงุจ
146
00:12:38,900 --> 00:12:43,320
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆุณ
147
00:12:45,360 --> 00:12:52,320
Hepatitis CุŒ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ููŠุฑูˆุณุŒ ุชู„ุชู‡ุงุจุช ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ูˆุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ููŠ
148
00:12:52,320 --> 00:12:57,600
ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Non-alcoholic SteatohepatitisุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑู‡
149
00:12:57,600 --> 00:13:04,260
NASHุŒ ุงู„ู€ Non-alcoholic SteatohepatitisุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑุถุŒ ุทุจุนู‹ุง
150
00:13:04,260 --> 00:13:10,660
ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ู…ุฑุถ ุชุดู…ุน ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุชุดู…ุน ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุจุชุจุฏุฃ
151
00:13:10,660 --> 00:13:15,860
ุชุชุฑุงูƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ liverุŒ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู† ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชุฑุงูƒู… ุนู„ู‰
152
00:13:15,860 --> 00:13:21,110
ุงู„ู€ liverุŒ ูˆู…ุด ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ูŠุตูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุงูˆู„ูˆุง ูƒุญูˆู„
153
00:13:21,110 --> 00:13:24,350
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ non-alcoholicุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู†ุตุงุจูˆุง ููŠู‡ ูƒู…ุงู†
154
00:13:24,350 --> 00:13:28,490
ู…ุง ุจูŠุดุฑุจูˆุง ูƒุญูˆู„ุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ู‡ูŠ ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ
155
00:13:28,490 --> 00:13:34,350
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉุŒ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุตุŒ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… metabolic
156
00:13:34,350 --> 00:13:40,500
syndromeุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณู…ู†ุฉุŒ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุฒู†ุŒ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
157
00:13:40,500 --> 00:13:44,560
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ุจู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠุฒู…ุงุช ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฏู‡ูˆู†
158
00:13:44,560 --> 00:13:51,100
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุชุชุฑุงูƒู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุตุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
159
00:13:51,100 --> 00:13:55,660
ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… Minor elevation (ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจุณูŠุท ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ALT)
160
00:13:55,660 --> 00:14:00,280
ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ู…ู† 50 ู„ู€ 100 International Unit per Liter
161
00:14:00,280 --> 00:14:04,560
ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ Non-alcoholic steatohepatitisุŒ ู„ูˆ
162
00:14:04,560 --> 00:14:09,460
ุญุจูŠุชูˆุง ุชุนุฑููˆุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฌูˆุฌู„ ุชุดูˆููˆู‡ ูˆ
163
00:14:09,460 --> 00:14:17,400
ุชุจุญุซูˆุง ุนู†ู‡ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ Levels of AST and ALTุŒ AST is
164
00:14:17,400 --> 00:14:21,960
assessed along with ALTุŒ ุงู„ู€ Monitoring Liver DamageุŒ ูŠุง
165
00:14:21,960 --> 00:14:28,000
ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŒ ู…ุง ุจู†ุทู„ุจ ูƒู„ ูุญุต ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุŒ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ AST ูˆุงู„ู€ ALT
166
00:14:28,000 --> 00:14:33,540
ุงู„ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ุจูŠู†ุทู„ุจูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู ูˆุถุน ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ
167
00:14:33,540 --> 00:14:39,610
ูˆู†ุดูˆู ู‡ู„ ุญุฏุซ liver damage or notุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ These two
168
00:14:39,610 --> 00:14:44,990
values normally exist in an approximately ูˆุงุญุฏ
169
00:14:44,990 --> 00:14:51,250
ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ratioุŒ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ู€ AST ูˆุงู„ู€ ALT
170
00:14:51,250 --> 00:14:57,030
ุงู„ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุณูŠุฑู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒุŒ ูุงู„ู€ ratio
171
00:14:57,030 --> 00:15:02,
223
00:19:30,430 --> 00:19:37,310
ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ ALB ุนู† ุงู„ู€ ALB ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ. ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ALB ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
224
00:19:37,310 --> 00:19:39,510
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ boneุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ placentaุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
225
00:19:39,510 --> 00:19:44,870
intestine. ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู†ุธุงุฆุฑ ู„ู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…ุŒ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชุชุดุงุฑูƒ ู…ุน
226
00:19:44,870 --> 00:19:49,790
ุจุนุถู‡ุง ููŠ ุฎุตุงุฆุต ูˆ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ููŠ ุฎุตุงุฆุต. ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ
227
00:19:49,790 --> 00:19:55,190
ุฃูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูˆ ุฃูุตู„ู‡ู…ุŸ ุจุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Electrophoresis
228
00:19:55,190 --> 00:20:00,010
ุชูุตู„ ุงู„ู€ ALB ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ bone
229
00:20:00,010 --> 00:20:06,340
ูˆ ุงู„ู€ placenta ูˆ ุงู„ู€ intestineุŒ ูˆ ุจุชุญุณุจ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ูƒู„ ALB
230
00:20:06,340 --> 00:20:09,880
ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏุฉ. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ ALB ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุจุชู… ุญุณุงุจ
231
00:20:09,880 --> 00:20:14,260
ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ boneุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ placentaุŒ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ intestine
232
00:20:14,260 --> 00:20:20,380
ุจูˆุงุณุทุฉ ุงู„ู€ Electrophoresis. ุจุญูƒูŠ ู„ู„ู€ ALB ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุธูŠุฑ
233
00:20:20,380 --> 00:20:24,980
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ ElectrophoresisุŒ ุนู„ู‰
234
00:20:24,980 --> 00:20:30,140
ุงู„ุฌู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ cellulose acetateุŒ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุฑุน. ู„ูƒู†
235
00:20:30,140 --> 00:20:34,240
ุงู„ู€ ALB ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ intestineุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
236
00:20:34,240 --> 00:20:37,680
Electrophoresis ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ูุตู„ุŒ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ุทุฉ
237
00:20:37,680 --> 00:20:44,530
ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ. ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุฎุตุงุฆุตู‡ู…ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฃูˆ ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู‡ูŠ
238
00:20:44,530 --> 00:20:48,810
immunochemical. ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ enzymeุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ุธูŠุฑ
239
00:20:48,810 --> 00:20:53,700
ุงู„ู€ ALBุŒ Antigen. ุงู„ู€ Enzyme ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Antigen.
240
00:20:53,700 --> 00:20:59,060
ุจุฑูˆุญูŠ ุฌูŠุจูˆุง Antibody ู…ุชุฎุตุต ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Antigen. ูุงู„ู€
241
00:20:59,060 --> 00:21:02,620
Antibody ุจุฑุจุท ุจุงู„ู€ Enzyme ูˆ ุจุนุทูŠู†ูŠ Complex
242
00:21:02,620 --> 00:21:06,540
(Antibody-Antigen Reaction). ุจุญุณุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Complex
243
00:21:06,540 --> 00:21:14,040
ุจุทุฑู‚ ู…ู†ุงุนูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุดูˆู ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ู€ EnzymeุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูƒู† ูŠุง
244
00:21:14,040 --> 00:21:21,160
ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุบู„ุฉ. ุงู„ู€ ALB ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
245
00:21:21,160 --> 00:21:26,060
serum ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ ALT
246
00:21:26,060 --> 00:21:33,920
ูˆ ุงู„ู€ AST. ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ ุฅุฌุงู†ูŠ ุดุฎุต ูุญุต ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ ALB ุงู„ู„ูŠ
247
00:21:33,920 --> 00:21:38,220
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ serum ูˆ ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
248
00:21:38,220 --> 00:21:44,000
ุจูŠุนุทูŠูƒ ู…ุคุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูˆุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ ุญุฏุซ damage ููŠ ุงู„ู€ organ.
249
00:21:44,000 --> 00:21:49,080
ุทูŠุจ ุฃูŠ organ ุจุงู„ุธุจุทุŸ ู‡ู„ ุญุฏุซ damage ููŠ ุงู„ู€ liver ูˆู„ุง
250
00:21:49,080 --> 00:21:52,560
ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone ูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ placenta ูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ intestineุŸ
251
00:21:52,560 --> 00:21:58,860
ู…ุง ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนุฑู ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูุญุตุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐุง ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ ALPุŒ
252
00:21:58,860 --> 00:22:04,220
ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ ALP ุนุงู„ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ุจุนุทูŠูƒูŠ ู…ุคุดุฑ ุฅู†
253
00:22:04,220 --> 00:22:08,480
ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุนู†ุฏู‡ tissue damageุŒ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุชุฏู…ูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
254
00:22:08,480 --> 00:22:12,960
ูˆููŠ ุฃุนุถุงุก ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ. ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ organ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง
255
00:22:12,960 --> 00:22:16,560
damageุŸ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุงุชุฏู…ุฑุŸ ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ู€ bone ุงุชุฏู…ุฑุŸ ูˆู„ุง
256
00:22:16,560 --> 00:22:19,700
ุงู„ู€ placentaุŸ ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ู€ intestineุŸ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุน ู…ู†ุงุทู‚
257
00:22:19,700 --> 00:22:26,430
ููŠู‡ู… ALPุŒ ู…ุง ุจู†ุนุฑูุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุฑู ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฏู…ุฌ
258
00:22:26,430 --> 00:22:31,910
ุจุงู„ุธุจุทุŒ ุจุชุฑูˆุญูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Electrophoresis ุนุดุงู† ุชุดูˆููŠ
259
00:22:31,910 --> 00:22:36,990
ุงู„ู€ ALB ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ALB ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู†
260
00:22:36,990 --> 00:22:40,070
ุงู„ู€ boneุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ALB ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ placentaุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ ALB
261
00:22:40,070 --> 00:22:44,410
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ intestine. ู…ูŠู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒุŸ
262
00:22:44,410 --> 00:22:49,920
ุทุจุนุงู‹ ููŠ ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงุณู…ู‡ Densitometer ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
263
00:22:49,920 --> 00:22:54,180
ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏุฉ. ูุจุชุนุฑููŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
264
00:22:54,180 --> 00:22:58,700
ุงู„ุนุถูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฏู…ุฌุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ูุญุต ุงู„ู€
265
00:22:58,700 --> 00:23:04,780
ALP ู…ุด ู…ุชุฎุตุต ู„ู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุธุงู…ุŒ
266
00:23:04,780 --> 00:23:09,520
ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ placentaุŒ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุกุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ
267
00:23:09,520 --> 00:23:15,030
ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ุง. ุงู„ู€ Clinical SignificanceุŒ ุจุฏู†ุง
268
00:23:15,030 --> 00:23:20,650
ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ู€ ALPุŒ ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุญุต.
269
00:23:20,650 --> 00:23:25,010
Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme found in the
270
00:23:25,010 --> 00:23:29,440
liver, bone, placenta, intestine, and kidneys. ุงู„ู€ ALP
271
00:23:29,440 --> 00:23:33,800
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ tissue ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ
272
00:23:33,800 --> 00:23:36,320
ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ boneุŒ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ placentaุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ intestineุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ู€
273
00:23:36,320 --> 00:23:40,680
kidneys. ูˆ ู„ูˆ ู‚ุฑุฃุชู… ู…ู‚ุงู„ุฉุŒ ู‡ูŠุญูƒูŠู„ูƒู… ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ ALP ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
274
00:23:40,680 --> 00:23:44,520
ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ organุŒ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ tissue ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
275
00:23:44,520 --> 00:23:49,580
ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ููŠู‡ุง ALPุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง
276
00:23:49,580 --> 00:23:55,410
ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ. ู„ูƒู† ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฃุตู„ูŠ ุฌูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง.
277
00:23:55,410 --> 00:24:00,610
Primarily in the cells lining the biliary tract.
278
00:24:00,610 --> 00:24:06,570
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ ALP ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
279
00:24:06,570 --> 00:24:11,230
ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ biliary tractุŒ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ. ู‡ุงู„ุฌูุฒุก ุฏูŠ
280
00:24:11,230 --> 00:24:16,690
ุงูƒู… ุชุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู…ุนูŠุŒ ููˆู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตู„ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ
281
00:24:16,690 --> 00:24:20,590
ูˆุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุชุญุชุŒ ุงู„ู€ intestineุŒ ู‚ู†ุงุฉุŒ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ
282
00:24:20,590 --> 00:24:25,470
ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ biliary duct. ุฅุฐู†ุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒุจุฏุŒ ูˆุชุญุชู‡ุง ููŠ
283
00:24:25,470 --> 00:24:30,270
ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ biliary ductุŒ ูˆุชุญุช ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ
284
00:24:30,270 --> 00:24:34,990
ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก. ู‡ุงู„ุฌูุฒุกุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ biliary ductุŒ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ
285
00:24:34,990 --> 00:24:40,030
ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง
286
00:24:40,030 --> 00:24:51,350
ุงู„ู€ ALPุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ
287
00:24:51,350 --> 00:24:57,410
ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ู„ูˆ ุงุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ stonesุŒ ุญุตุงูˆูŠุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
288
00:24:57,410 --> 00:25:03,010
ุงู„ุญุตุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุชุฏู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูุฑุฒ
289
00:25:03,010 --> 00:25:10,530
ALP. ุฅุฐุงู‹ุŒ ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุงุŒ ุงู„ู€ ALP ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
290
00:25:10,530 --> 00:25:17,010
ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ. ูู„ูˆ ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุช ุญุตุงูˆูŠ ููŠ
291
00:25:17,010 --> 00:25:21,190
ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ู‡ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ
292
00:25:21,190 --> 00:25:27,210
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุชูุฑุฒ ALP ูˆูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ููŠ
293
00:25:27,210 --> 00:25:31,850
ุงู„ุฏู…. ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ ALP ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุนุชุจุฑู‡ ู…ุคุดุฑ
294
00:25:31,850 --> 00:25:38,170
ู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูƒูˆู„ูŠุณุชุงุณูŠุณุŒ ู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุญุตุงูˆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ. ุฅุฐู†
295
00:25:38,170 --> 00:25:42,610
ูƒู…ุงู† ุดุบู„ุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญูƒูŠู„ูƒู… ุฅูŠุงู‡ุงุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฏู…ุฌ
296
00:25:42,610 --> 00:25:47,310
ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุงุชุฏู…ุฑุชุŒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€
297
00:25:47,310 --> 00:25:52,260
ALP ู‡ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู…. ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูุฑุฒ ALPุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
298
00:25:52,260 --> 00:25:57,400
ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ ALP ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุจุดูƒู„
299
00:25:57,400 --> 00:26:02,720
ุฃูƒุจุฑ. ุงู„ู€ ALP ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ุญุตุงูˆูŠ
300
00:26:02,720 --> 00:26:07,040
ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุตุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ
301
00:26:07,040 --> 00:26:11,700
ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ู‡ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
302
00:26:12,360 --> 00:26:18,700
ู‡ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูุฑุฒ ALP ูˆูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃูƒุจุฑุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹
303
00:26:18,700 --> 00:26:24,860
ุงู„ู€ ALP ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ osteoblastุŒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
304
00:26:24,860 --> 00:26:30,340
ุงู„ุจู†ุงุฆูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุนุธู…ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ Involved in the formation of
305
00:26:30,340 --> 00:26:34,310
a new bone. ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุชุจู†ู‰ ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ู„ู€
306
00:26:34,310 --> 00:26:39,690
osteoblastุŒ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจู†ุงุก ุนุดุงู† ุชุจู†ูŠู‡ุง. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุฑุถู‡
307
00:26:39,690 --> 00:26:47,190
ุจุชูุฑุฒ ALP ุฌูˆุงู‡ุงุŒ ููŠ ALPุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูุงู„ู€ ALP is normally
308
00:26:47,190 --> 00:26:53,030
excreted from the liver in the bile. ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€ ALP
309
00:26:53,030 --> 00:27:00,190
ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ excretion ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุฅู„ู‰
310
00:27:00,190 --> 00:27:08,790
ุงู„ู€ biliary ductุŒ ู„ู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ. ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
311
00:27:08,790 --> 00:27:16,370
ุงู„ู€ ALPุŒ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ ALPุŒ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุดุงุฆุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€
312
00:27:16,370 --> 00:27:20,790
bone growthุŒ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ childrenุŒ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„. ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ
313
00:27:20,790 --> 00:27:24,870
ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ ู…ุด ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ู…ุฑุถุŒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจู†ุงุก ู„ู„ุนุธู…
314
00:27:24,870 --> 00:27:29,390
ุชุจุนู‡ู…ุŒ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุกุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ osteoblast ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุจุฏุฃ
315
00:27:29,390 --> 00:27:34,070
ุชุดุชุบู„ุŒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจู†ุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูุฑุฒ
316
00:27:34,070 --> 00:27:39,390
ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ุนุธุงู…ุŒ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูุฑุฒ ุงู„ู€ ALPุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง
317
00:27:39,390 --> 00:27:44,660
ALPุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ ู„ูˆ ูุญุตู†ุง ALPุŒ ุญุงู„ุฉ
318
00:27:44,660 --> 00:27:49,260
ุฌุงุก ุนุงู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…ุŒ ู…ุด ุนุงู„ูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉุŒ ุนุงู„ูŠ
319
00:27:49,260 --> 00:27:53,240
ู„ุฃู†ู‡ู… ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุจู†ุงุกุŒ ุงู„ู€ osteoblastุŒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจู†ุงุฆูŠุฉ
320
00:27:53,240 --> 00:27:57,020
ู„ู„ุนุธู… ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุดุบู„ู‡ุง
321
00:27:57,020 --> 00:28:01,520
ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ release ู„ู„ู€ ALPุŒ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ ALP ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู…
322
00:28:01,520 --> 00:28:07,100
ูˆูŠุฑุชูุน ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡. ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ ALP ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช liver
323
00:28:07,100 --> 00:28:11,180
diseaseุŒ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุตู„ุงู‹ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุตุญ
324
00:28:11,180 --> 00:28:15,140
ูˆู„ุง ู„ุฃุŸ ูุฃูŠ ุฏู…ุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆูŠุฒูŠุฏ
325
00:28:15,140 --> 00:28:19,460
ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡. ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€ ALP ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ biliary
326
00:28:19,460 --> 00:28:25,120
obstructionุŒ ุงู†ุณุฏุงุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชูƒูˆูŠู†
327
00:28:25,120 --> 00:28:29,610
stones. ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ู„ูˆ ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุช ููŠู‡ุง ุญุตุงูˆูŠุŒ
328
00:28:29,610 --> 00:28:35,870
ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉุŒ ุฃุตู„ุงู‹ ููŠู‡ุง ALPุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
329
00:28:35,870 --> 00:28:40,830
ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ุญุตุงูˆูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุŒ ู‡ูŠุฏู…ุฑู‡ุง ูˆูŠุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุชูุฑุฒ
330
00:28:40,830 --> 00:28:47,640
ALP ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ู„ุฏู…ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐู† ุซู„ุงุซ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ููŠู‡ู… ุงู„ู€
331
00:28:47,640 --> 00:28:52,700
ALP: ุชูƒูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู€ stones ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
332
00:28:52,700 --> 00:28:56,820
ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ growth ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุจุดูƒู„
333
00:28:56,820 --> 00:29:02,780
ุทุจูŠุนูŠ. Serum ALP Activity Primarily Reflects
334
00:29:02,780 --> 00:29:06,740
the changes in bone and liver function. ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ
335
00:29:06,740 --> 00:29:12,400
ุงู„ู€ ALPุŒ ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ู€ ALPุŒ ุจูŠุนูƒุณ ู…ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
336
00:29:12,400 --> 00:29:17,340
ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ boneุŒ ุฃูƒูŠุฏุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุตู„ุงู‹ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ
337
00:29:17,340 --> 00:29:22,100
ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ boneุŒ ูุฃูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠู‡ู…ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ liver ุฃูˆ ููŠ
338
00:29:22,100 --> 00:29:27,100
ุงู„ู€ boneุŒ ู‡ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ู€ ALP. ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุŒ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†
339
00:29:27,100 --> 00:29:31,880
ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ALP ุฃุนู„ู‰ุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฌุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡ุŒ
340
00:29:31,880 --> 00:29:40,270
ุงู„ู€ ALP ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฃุนุถุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูˆุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนุงู„ูุŒ ุนู„ู‰
341
00:29:40,270 --> 00:29:44,110
ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ ALPุŒ ุงุชูู‚ู†ุงุŒ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ tissueุŒ
342
00:29:44,110 --> 00:29:49,030
ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ organุŒ ู„ูƒู† ูุนู„ูŠุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ activity ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู€
343
00:29:49,030 --> 00:29:54,530
ALPุŒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠุก ูŠุนู†ูŠุŒ ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ููŠ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ liver ูˆ ุงู„ู€
344
00:29:54,530 --> 00:29:57,910
boneุŒ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฏุฏูˆุง ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ู€ ALPุŒ ุงู„ู€ liver ูˆ ุงู„ู€
345
00:29:57,910 --> 00:30:02,350
boneุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุบู… ู…ู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ organs ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ
346
00:30:02,350 --> 00:30:08,780
ุนุงู„ูŠุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ Specimen collectionุŒ ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ a blood
347
00:30:08,780 --> 00:30:12,720
sample should be drawn after a fast of at least 8 hours.
348
00:30:12,720 --> 00:30:18,140
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ ALPุŒ ูŠูุถู„ุŒ ูŠูุถู„ ุฃู† ู†ุตูˆู… 8
349
00:30:18,140 --> 00:30:22,980
ุณุงุนุงุช ู‚ุจู„ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุงู„ูุญุต. ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ serum ุฃูˆ ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง. ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€
350
00:30:22,980 --> 00:30:29,480
anticoagulant ุงู„ู…ุณู…ูˆุญ ูู‚ุท ููŠู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุงุฑูŠู†. Slight
351
00:30:29,480 --> 00:30:35,440
hemolysis is tolerable. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฃู†ุช
352
00:30:35,440 --> 00:30:38,220
ุดุงูŠูุฉ ููŠู‡ุง hemolysisุŒ ุดุงูŠูุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ููŠ
353
00:30:38,220 --> 00:30:42,060
ุงู„ู€ RBCsุŒ ูˆู„ูƒู† slightุŒ ุจุณูŠุท ุฃูˆ ุฎููŠูุŒ ุจู‚ุจู„ู‡ุงุŒ
354
00:30:42,060 --> 00:30:46,200
tolerableุŒ ุชู…ุงู…. But gross hemolysisุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฌุงุชู†ูŠ ุนูŠู†ุฉ
355
00:30:46,200 --> 00:30:52,560
ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุฃุบู„ุจู‡ุง ู…ูƒุณุฑุฉุŒ gross hemolysisุŒ gross ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€
356
00:30:52,560 --> 00:30:56,360
hemolysis ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุดุฏูŠุฏุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ should be avoided.
357
00:30:56,360 --> 00:31:03,190
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฃุฑูุถ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹. ุฅุฐู† ุจูู‡ู… ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ ALP ุฃูŠุถุงู‹
358
00:31:03,190 --> 00:31:07,190
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฌูˆุฉ ุงู„ู€ RBCsุŒ ู…ุชูู‚ูŠู†ุŸ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ
359
00:31:07,190 --> 00:31:10,590
ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ enzyme ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ
360
00:31:10,590 --> 00:31:15,570
ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุŒ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู€ RBCsุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ู€ point ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ู…ู†
361
00:31:15,570 --> 00:31:20,190
ุงู„ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ู…ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ุฅูŠุงู‡. ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู„ู€ point ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ. It is
362
00:31:20,190 --> 00:31:24,630
best to analyze ALP specimens the same day they
363
00:31:24,630 --> 00:31:29,290
are drawn. ูŠูุถู„ ู…ุง ู†ุฎุฒู† ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง
364
00:31:29,290 --> 00:31:32,510
ู†ุฎุฒู† ุงู„ู€ serum ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุฌุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ูุฑูŠุฒุฑ
365
00:31:32,510 --> 00:31:36,310
ุนุดุงู† ุฃุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ู€ ALPุŒ ูˆูŠูุถู„ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฌู…ุน ููŠู‡
366
00:31:36,310 --> 00:31:41,830
ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ ุฃูุญุต ุงู„ู€ enzyme ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ู€ ALP is
367
00:31:41,830 --> 00:31:46,650
inhibited by metal-complexing anticoagulants. ุฅูŠุด
368
00:31:46,650 --> 00:31:51,730
ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ EDTAุŒ ูˆุงู„ุฃูˆูƒุฒุงู„ูŠุชุŒ ูˆุงู„ุณุชุฑุงุชุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
369
00:31:51,730 --> 00:31:56,670
anticoagulants ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ุฃุณุญุจ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ EDTAุŒ
370
00:31:56,670 --> 00:32:01,410
ุฃูˆูƒุฒุงู„ูŠุชุŒ ุณุชุฑุงุชุŒ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ุฃุณุญุจ ููŠู‡ู…. ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
371
00:32:01,410 --> 00:32:07,250
anticoagulants ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ูƒู€ chelating agentsุŒ ุจุชุดุชุบู„
372
00:32:07,750 --> 00:32:12,830
ูุชุณุญุจ ุงู„ู…ุบู†ูŠุณูŠูˆู…ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ู…ุบู†ูŠุณูŠูˆู… ุงุชูู‚ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
373
00:32:12,830 --> 00:32:18,930
co-factor ู„ู„ู€ ALPุŒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ ุนู† ู†ุดุงุท ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ู€ ALP.
374
00:32:18,930 --> 00:32:23,690
ูู„ูˆ ุงู†ุณุญุจ ุงู„ู…ุบู†ูŠุณูŠูˆู…ุŒ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุนูŠู†ุช ุงู„ุฏู…
375
00:32:23,690 --> 00:32:28,010
ุจู€ EDTA ุฃูˆ ุฃูˆูƒุณุงู„ูŠุช ุฃูˆ ุณุชุฑุงุชุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ anticoagulants
376
00:32:28,010 --> 00:32:31,920
ุจุชุดุชุบู„ chelating agentsุŒ ุจุชุณุญุจ ุงู„ู…ุบู†ูŠุณูŠูˆู…ุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
377
00:32:31,920 --> 00:32:35,120
ุงู„ู€ ALP ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุดุชุบู„ุŒ ุงู„ู€ enzyme ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
378
00:32:35,120 --> 00:32:39,440
substrate ุชุจุนุชู‡ุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ cofactor ุชู… ุณุญุจู‡. ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
379
00:32:39,440 --> 00:32:44,180
ู…ู…ู†ูˆุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ anticoagulantsุŒ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ inhibit ู„ู„ู€
380
00:32:44,180 --> 00:32:50,080
enzymeุŒ ุจุชุซุจุท ุงู„ู€ ALP. ูƒูŠู ุจุชุซุจุชู‡ุŸ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุณุญุจ
381
00:32:50,080 --> 00:32:55,420
ุงู„ู…ุบู†ูŠุณูŠูˆู…. ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ู…ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฌู…ุน ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
382
00:32:55,420 --> 00:33:01,500
anticoagulants. Assay for enzyme activityุŒ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู
383
00:33:01,500 --> 00:33:06,740
ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ู€ ALP. Almost all
384
00:33:06,740 --> 00:33:11,520
assays for ALP employ p-nitrophenyl phosphate as
385
00:33:11,520 --> 00:33:16,660
the substrate. ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ุŒ ูˆูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ kitsุŒ ุงู„ู€
386
00:33:16,660 --> 00:33:20,820
reagents ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ substrate. ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
387
00:33:20,820 --> 00:33:25,840
substrateุŸ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ p-nitrophenyl phosphate. ู‡ุฐู‡
388
00:33:25,840 --> 00:33:32,030
ุงู„ู€ substrate ุชุจุน ุฅู†ุฒูŠู… ุงู„ู€ ALPุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ุงู„ุฌูุฒุกุŒ
389
00:33:32,030 --> 00:33:35,330
ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุงุŒ ุชุญุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€ reactionุŒ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชุฎูŠู„ ูƒูŠู
390
445
00:38:12,190 --> 00:38:16,820
ุงู„ู€ groupุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Gamma GlutamylุŒ ุงู„ู€ GGT ุจูŠุญูƒูŠู„ูƒ
446
00:38:16,820 --> 00:38:20,880
ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ liver; it is a high
447
00:38:20,880 --> 00:38:24,600
concentration in liver tissue. ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุนุงู„ูŠ
448
00:38:24,600 --> 00:38:28,760
ุฌุฏุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ kidneyุŒ ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
449
00:38:28,760 --> 00:38:33,260
ุงู„ู€ pancreasุŒ ูˆุฃุถูŠููˆุง ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง: ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
450
00:38:33,260 --> 00:38:39,880
ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชููƒูˆู‘ู† ุงู„ู€ biliary tractุŒ ุงู„ู‚ู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
451
00:38:39,880 --> 00:38:46,680
ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู… ุจุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ู‚ู„ูŠู„. ุงู„ู€
452
00:38:46,680 --> 00:38:50,520
Diagnostic Significance: ุฃู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ GGT
453
00:38:50,520 --> 00:38:54,880
Increased plasma GGT is associated with
454
00:38:54,880 --> 00:38:59,980
hepatobiliary disease. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ GGT ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉ ุจูŠุฑุชูุน
455
00:38:59,980 --> 00:39:06,260
ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ damageุŒ ุฃูˆ ุญุตูˆุงุช (stones) ููŠ
456
00:39:06,260 --> 00:39:10,100
ุงู„ู€ Biliary TractุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
457
00:39:10,100 --> 00:39:14,300
ุงู„ุญุตูˆุงุช ุณุชุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ.
458
00:39:14,300 --> 00:39:20,020
ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุณุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุฅูุฑุงุฒุŒ ุณุชูุฑุฒ ุงู„ู€ GGT ู„ู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุงุŒ
459
00:39:20,020 --> 00:39:26,160
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ Highest seen in biliary obstruction. ููŠ
460
00:39:26,160 --> 00:39:31,460
ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุงู†ุณุฏุงุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจุณุจุจ ุชูƒูˆูŠู†
461
00:39:31,460 --> 00:39:35,680
stonesุŒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ููŠ
462
00:39:35,680 --> 00:39:39,380
ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Alcohol cirrhosisุŒ ุชู„ูŠู ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุงู„ุฐูŠ
463
00:39:39,380 --> 00:39:44,020
ุณุจุจู‡ ุชู†ุงูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ุŒ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ูŠุฑุชูุน ุงู„ู€ GGT ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุฒู…ุง.
464
00:39:44,840 --> 00:39:50,500
ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ GGT ูŠูุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุน ALBุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูุฌุฑู‰
465
00:39:50,500 --> 00:39:54,760
ุงู„ุงุซู†ุงู† ู…ุนุงู‹ to differentiate between liver and
466
00:39:54,760 --> 00:39:59,420
bone diseaseุŒ ุนุดุงู† ู†ู…ูŠุฒ ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ุฃู…
467
00:39:59,420 --> 00:40:02,580
ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู…. ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง
468
00:40:02,580 --> 00:40:07,660
ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ. ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ ALB ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
469
00:40:07,660 --> 00:40:13,390
ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู…ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ GGT ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูู‚ุทุŒ ู„ูŠุณ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุงู‹ ููŠ
470
00:40:13,390 --> 00:40:17,570
ุงู„ุนุธุงู…. ูุงู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุนุงู‹ุŒ ุชุฎูŠู„ ุฅูŠุฌุงู†ูŠ
471
00:40:17,570 --> 00:40:22,530
ู…ุฑูŠุถุŒ ุนู…ู„ุช ู„ู‡ ูุญุต ALB ูˆ GGTุŒ ุงู„ุงุซู†ุงู† ู…ุนุงู‹ุŒ ูˆุทู„ุน ุงู„ุงุซู†ุงู†
472
00:40:22,530 --> 00:40:28,250
ุนุงู„ููŠูŠู† ุฌุฏุงู‹ุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุจุฏุŒ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
473
00:40:28,250 --> 00:40:31,430
ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉุŒ ููŠู‡ุง ุญุตูˆุงุช. ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุงุซู†ุงู†
474
00:40:31,430 --> 00:40:36,190
ุนุงู„ููŠูŠู†ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูƒู† ุฅูŠุฌุงู†ูŠ ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุขุฎุฑุŒ ุนู…ู„ุช ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู†
475
00:40:36,190 --> 00:40:41,940
ู…ุนุงู‹ุŒ ุงู„ู€ ALB ูˆุงู„ู€ GGTุŒ ุทู„ุน ุงู„ู€ ALB ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠุงู‹ุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€
476
00:40:41,940 --> 00:40:48,820
GGT ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ ุฅุฐู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุคูƒุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ
477
00:40:48,820 --> 00:40:53,040
ุงู„ุนุธุงู…ุŒ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู…. ุงู„ู€ GGT ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ
478
00:40:53,040 --> 00:40:57,960
ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉุŒ ูˆุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ู„ุฏูŠู‡
479
00:40:57,960 --> 00:41:03,060
ุทุจูŠุนูŠ. ุฅุฐู† ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู€ ALB ูˆุญุฏู‡ุŒ ูŠูุนุชุจุฑ indication
480
00:41:03,060 --> 00:41:07,230
ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู…ุŒ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูˆุญุฏู‡ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone
481
00:41:07,230 --> 00:41:12,550
... ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูŠุณ ุงู„ู€ GGTุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุฅุฐุงู‹ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช ุงู„ูุญุตูŠู†
482
00:41:12,550 --> 00:41:16,690
ู…ุนุงู‹ุŒ ูˆุงู„ุงุซู†ุงู† ุทู„ุนุง ุนุงู„ููŠูŠู†ุŒ ุฅุฐู† ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ
483
00:41:16,690 --> 00:41:20,890
ุงู„ูƒุจุฏ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู†ูˆุงุช ุงู„ุตูุฑุงูˆูŠุฉ. ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช ุงู„ูุญุตูŠู† ู…ุนุงู‹
484
00:41:20,890 --> 00:41:26,630
ูˆุงู„ู€ ALB ูƒุงู† ุนุงู„ูŠุงู‹ุŒ ูˆุงู„ู€ GGT ูƒุงู† ุทุจูŠุนูŠุงู‹ุŒ ุฅุฐู† ุฃูƒูŠุฏ
485
00:41:26,630 --> 00:41:30,490
ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ boneุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธู…ุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
486
00:41:32,760 --> 00:41:35,900
ุงู„ู€ "Say for enzyme activity" ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุทุฑู‚
487
00:41:35,900 --> 00:41:39,940
ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุงู„ู€ enzyme. ูƒู…ุงู† ูŠุง ุฌู…ุงุนุฉุŒ ูƒูŠุชุงุชู†ุง
488
00:41:39,940 --> 00:41:46,440
ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชูุญุต ุงู„ู€ GGTุŒ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ colorimetric reactionุŒ ู…ุซู„
489
00:41:46,440 --> 00:41:50,100
ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ ALB ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹. ู„ุฐู„ูƒุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุนูˆุฏ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ
490
00:41:50,100 --> 00:41:54,980
ุณูˆู ู†ุนู…ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุงู‹ ู…ู†ู‡ู…ุงุŒ ุณู†ุนู…ู„ ุฅู…ุง ALP ุฃูˆ GGTุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง
491
00:41:54,980 --> 00:41:59,280
ู‡ูˆ ู…ุชูˆูุฑ ู„ุฏูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ู‡ูˆ ALPุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง
492
00:41:59,280 --> 00:42:02,400
ูŠู…ู†ุน ุฃู† ู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ุŒ ูƒูŠู ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ุŒ
493
00:42:02,400 --> 00:42:06,200
ุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตู†ุฏูˆู‚ ุงู„ุฃุฒุฑู‚. ู‡ู„ุฌูŠุชุŒ ุงู„ู€ Serum ู„ู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
494
00:42:06,200 --> 00:42:09,940
ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ GGTุŒ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ enzymeุŒ
495
00:42:09,940 --> 00:42:14,280
ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุฃู†ุง ุฃุฑูŠุฏ ูุญุต activity ู„ู‡ุง. ู‡ู„ุฌูŠุช ุงู„ู€
496
00:42:14,280 --> 00:42:19,440
reactionุŒ ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ substrate ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณูŠููƒุณุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
497
00:42:19,440 --> 00:42:25,200
enzyme. ุงู„ู€ substrate ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ L-Gamma-Glutamyl-p-Nitro-anilide
498
00:42:25,200 --> 00:42:32,640
ุฒุงุฆุฏ Glycyl-Glycine. ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
499
00:42:32,640 --> 00:42:37,140
substrate ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ reagentุŒ ุณูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
500
00:42:37,140 --> 00:42:41,680
enzyme ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ serumุŒ ูˆู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„
501
00:42:41,680 --> 00:42:48,280
ุณุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชูุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ู€ p-Nitroaniline ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Gamma
502
00:42:48,280 --> 00:42:55,350
Glutamyl Glycylglycine. ุฅุฐู† ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„: ุฅุนุทุงุก ู…ุงุฏุฉ
503
00:42:55,350 --> 00:43:01,470
ู…ู„ูˆู†ุฉุŒ ุงู„ู€ p-NitroanilineุŒ ูˆุดุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฐูŠ ุชูƒูˆู†ุŒ
504
00:43:01,470 --> 00:43:06,790
ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ุŒ ุณุชุชู†ุงุณุจ ุชู†ุงุณุจุงู‹ ุทุฑุฏูŠุงู‹ ู…ุน ู†ุดุงุท ุงู„ู€
505
00:43:06,790 --> 00:43:12,030
enzyme ููŠ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ. ูˆู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ p-Nitroaniline ุณู†ู‚ุฑุฃู‡ุง
506
00:43:12,030 --> 00:43:18,020
ุนู„ู‰ wavelength 405 ู†ุงู†ูˆู…ุชุฑ. ุงู„ู€ Reference Range ุนู†ุฏ
507
00:43:18,020 --> 00:43:23,120
ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ู…ู† 6 ุฅู„ู‰ 45 International Unit Per LiterุŒ ุนู†ุฏ
508
00:43:23,120 --> 00:43:28,260
ุงู„ุฅู†ุงุซ ู…ู† 5 ุฅู„ู‰ 30 International Unit Per Liter. ุฅุฐู†ุŒ
509
00:43:28,260 --> 00:43:31,540
ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชูุงุนู„ุฉ: ุฅู† ุงู„ุณูŠุฑูˆู… ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฅู†ุฒูŠู…
510
00:43:31,540 --> 00:43:35,640
ูˆุงู„ู€ reagent ูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ substrateุŒ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุฃุถุนู‡ู…ุง ู…ุนุงู‹ุŒ ุงู„ู€
511
00:43:35,640 --> 00:43:39,620
enzyme ูŠููƒุณุฑ ุงู„ู€ substrate. ู…ุญุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชูุงุนู„ ู…ุงุฏุฉ
512
00:43:39,620 --> 00:43:43,940
ู…ู„ูˆู†ุฉุŒ ู†ู‚ูŠุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ wavelength ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉุŒ
513
00:43:43,940 --> 00:43:48,160
ูˆุดุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุณุชุชู†ุงุณุจ ุชู†ุงุณุจุงู‹ ุทุฑุฏูŠุงู‹ ู…ุน activity ุงู„ู€
514
00:43:48,160 --> 00:43:54,240
enzyme. ูˆุจู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ูŠู†ุง chapter liver function
515
00:43:54,240 --> 00:43:55,940
testsุŒ ูˆูŠุนุทูŠูƒู… ุฃู„ู ุนุงููŠุฉ.