|
1 |
|
00:00:00,770 --> 00:00:04,750 |
|
ููุญูู ููุง ุนู ุงููุญุต ุงูุซุงูู ุงููู ุจูุดูู ุนูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
2 |
|
00:00:04,750 --> 00:00:08,670 |
|
Hepatocellular injury ูู ุฎูุงูุง ุงููุจุฏ ูููุง damage |
|
|
|
3 |
|
00:00:08,670 --> 00:00:13,530 |
|
ููุง ูุฃุ ุงูุฅูุฒูู
ุงูุขุฎุฑุ ุงูู ALT (Alanine |
|
|
|
4 |
|
00:00:13,530 --> 00:00:18,270 |
|
Aminotransferase)ุ ุฅูุฒูู
ูู ูุดุงุท ุฅูุฒูู
ู |
|
|
|
5 |
|
00:00:18,270 --> 00:00:23,410 |
|
ู
ุดุงุจู ูู ASTุ ุดุบูู ูุง ุฌู
ุงุนุฉ ููุณ ุดุบู ุงูู |
|
|
|
6 |
|
00:00:23,410 --> 00:00:29,650 |
|
ASTุ ุฅูู ุดุบููู
ุ ูููู ุฃู
ูู ุฌุฑูุจ (ู
ุฌู
ูุนุฉ ุฃู
ูู) ู
ู ู
ูุงู |
|
|
|
7 |
|
00:00:29,650 --> 00:00:37,360 |
|
ูู
ูุงู ุขุฎุฑุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุฐุง ุงูู ALT (Converts) ูุญูู ุงูุฃูุงููู |
|
|
|
8 |
|
00:00:37,360 --> 00:00:42,440 |
|
ูุงูุฃููุง ููุชู ุฌูู ุชุงุฑูุช ุฅูู ู
ุงุฏุฉ ุงูุจูุฑููุงุช |
|
|
|
9 |
|
00:00:42,440 --> 00:00:46,840 |
|
ูุงูุฌููุชุงู
ุงุชุ ุฒู ู
ุง ุฃูุชู
ุดุงููููุ ูู ุงูู Amino Acid |
|
|
|
10 |
|
00:00:46,840 --> 00:00:52,380 |
|
ุงูุญู
ุถ ุงูุฃู
ูููุ ุงูุฃูุงููู ู
ุน ุฃููุง ููุชู ุฌูู ุชุงุฑูุช ูู |
|
|
|
11 |
|
00:00:52,380 --> 00:00:57,100 |
|
ูุฌูุฏ ุงูู ALT ุฅูุฒูู
ุ ุฅูุด ุจูุนู
ูุ ุจูุฒุน ุงูู Amino |
|
|
|
12 |
|
00:00:57,100 --> 00:01:01,630 |
|
Group ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุงูุญู
ุถ ุงูุฃู
ููู ุงูุฃูุงููู ูุจูุงุฎุฏูุง |
|
|
|
13 |
|
00:01:01,630 --> 00:01:06,690 |
|
ูุจูููููุง ุนูู ุงูู
ุฑูุจ ุงูุขุฎุฑุ ุงูู ฮฑ- ููุชู ุฌูู ุชุงุฑูุช |
|
|
|
14 |
|
00:01:06,690 --> 00:01:13,410 |
|
ู
ุญุตูุฉ ุงูููู ุฃู ุงูุฃูุงููู ููุชุญูู ูู Pyruvate ูุงูู |
|
|
|
15 |
|
00:01:13,410 --> 00:01:18,670 |
|
ฮฑ-ููุชู ุฌูู ุชุงุฑูุช ูุฐู ุงูู
ุงุฏุฉ ูุชุชุญูู ูู Glutamate |
|
|
|
16 |
|
00:01:18,670 --> 00:01:25,130 |
|
ุทุจุนูุง ู
ุด ูุทูุจ ู
ููู
ุงูู
ุนุงุฏูุฉ ููู ุงูุชุญูููุ ุจุณ ููุนูู
ูู |
|
|
|
17 |
|
00:01:25,130 --> 00:01:31,030 |
|
ููููู
ุ ุงูู Clinical Significance ูููุญุตุ ุงูุฃูู
ูุฉ |
|
|
|
18 |
|
00:01:31,030 --> 00:01:35,590 |
|
ุงูุชุดุฎูุตูุฉ ููุญุต ุงูู ALTุ it is found in the kidneys, |
|
|
|
19 |
|
00:01:35,910 --> 00:01:39,910 |
|
heart and skeletal muscle tissue, but primarily in |
|
|
|
20 |
|
00:01:39,910 --> 00:01:44,030 |
|
the liver tissueุ ุจูุญูู ูู ุฅูุฒูู
ุงูู ALTุ ููู |
|
|
|
21 |
|
00:01:44,030 --> 00:01:47,910 |
|
ุงูุฃู
ุงูู ุงููู ุจูููู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูููุง ุจุดูู ุฃุณุงุณูุ ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู |
|
|
|
22 |
|
00:01:47,910 --> 00:01:53,470 |
|
ุงููุจุฏุ ูุงูููุจุ ูุงูุนุถูุงุช ุงููููููุฉุ ู RBCsุ ุฃุถูู ูู
ุงู |
|
|
|
23 |
|
00:01:53,620 --> 00:01:57,400 |
|
ุงูู Red Blood Cells (ุฎูุงูุง ุงูุฏู
ุงูุญู
ุฑุงุก)ุ ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ูุฐู |
|
|
|
24 |
|
00:01:57,400 --> 00:02:02,760 |
|
ุงูุฃู
ุงูู ูุง ุฌู
ุงุนุฉุ ุจุชุฑููุฒ ูููู ุฌุฏูุงุ ูุง ููุฐูุฑุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ |
|
|
|
25 |
|
00:02:02,760 --> 00:02:07,680 |
|
ูููู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุจู primarilyุ ูููู ุจุดูู ุฃุณุงุณูุ ุงูู ALT |
|
|
|
26 |
|
00:02:07,680 --> 00:02:12,600 |
|
ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุฎูุงูุง ุงููุจุฏุ ุฅุฐุง ุงูู ALT ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
27 |
|
00:02:12,600 --> 00:02:16,280 |
|
kidneyุ ูุงูู heartุ ูุงูู skeletal muscleุ ูุงูู RBCs |
|
|
|
28 |
|
00:02:16,840 --> 00:02:22,080 |
|
ุจูู
ูุงุช ููููุฉ ุฌุฏูุงุ ููู ูู ุงู liver tissue ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุจู |
|
|
|
29 |
|
00:02:22,080 --> 00:02:28,040 |
|
high concentration (ุจุชุฑููุฒ ุนุงูู)ุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูู ุงูุฏู
ุ ูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
30 |
|
00:02:28,040 --> 00:02:34,220 |
|
serumุ ุฒู ุฒู ุงูู ASTุ ุงูู ALT ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุจุชุฑููุฒ ูููู ุฌุฏูุง |
|
|
|
31 |
|
00:02:34,220 --> 00:02:38,960 |
|
ูู ุงูุฅูุณุงู ุงูุทุจูุนูุ ุงูู ALT ูููู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูู serum |
|
|
|
32 |
|
00:02:38,960 --> 00:02:43,830 |
|
ูููู ุจุชุฑููุฒ ููููุ ููู ููู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุฃูุซุฑ ุดูุก ูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
33 |
|
00:02:43,830 --> 00:02:48,910 |
|
tissueุ ูู ุงูุฃูุณุฌุฉุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุจุดูู ุฃุณุงุณู ูู ุงููุจุฏุ ุงูู |
|
|
|
34 |
|
00:02:48,910 --> 00:02:52,470 |
|
test is used mainly in the diagnosis of liver |
|
|
|
35 |
|
00:02:52,470 --> 00:02:55,990 |
|
disease and to monitor the effects of hepatotoxic |
|
|
|
36 |
|
00:02:55,990 --> 00:03:01,850 |
|
drugsุ ุงููุญุต ุจููุนู
ู ุจุดูู ุฃุณุงุณูุ ูุญุต ุงูู ALTุ ุนุดุงู ูุดุฎุต |
|
|
|
37 |
|
00:03:01,850 --> 00:03:06,930 |
|
ู
ุดุงูู ุงููุจุฏุ ูุฎุงุตุฉ ุงูู
ุดุงูู ุงููู ุจุชุตูุจ ุงูุฎูุงูุงุ |
|
|
|
38 |
|
00:03:06,930 --> 00:03:13,700 |
|
ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุฃูุถูุง ุนุดุงู ูุชุงุจุน ุชุฃุซูุฑ ุงูุฃุฏููุฉ ุงูุณุงู
ุฉ ุนูู |
|
|
|
39 |
|
00:03:13,700 --> 00:03:19,260 |
|
ุงููุจุฏุ ุฃุญูุงููุง ูู ุงูู Drugsุ ู
ู
ูู ุจุนุถ ุงูุฃุฏููุฉ ุชุคุซุฑ |
|
|
|
40 |
|
00:03:19,260 --> 00:03:24,520 |
|
ุนูู ุงููุจุฏุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุชุคุซุฑ ุนูู ุฎูุงูุง ุงููุจุฏุ ูุชุนู
ู injury |
|
|
|
41 |
|
00:03:24,520 --> 00:03:30,040 |
|
ูููุงุ ูุฅุญูุง ู
ู ุฎูุงู ูุญุต ุงูู ALT ุจูุชุงุจุน ูุฐู ุงูุฃุฏููุฉ |
|
|
|
42 |
|
00:03:30,040 --> 00:03:35,940 |
|
ุชู
ุงู
ุ often higher than AST with liver damage and |
|
|
|
43 |
|
00:03:35,940 --> 00:03:42,780 |
|
tend to remain elevated longerุ ููุง ุจูุญูู ูู ุงูู ALT |
|
|
|
44 |
|
00:03:42,780 --> 00:03:48,220 |
|
ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุฑููุฒู ุฃุนูู ู
ู ุงูู AST ูู ุญุงูุงุช liver damage |
|
|
|
45 |
|
00:03:48,220 --> 00:03:53,160 |
|
ูุนูู ูู ุตุงุฑ ุนูุฏู ู
ุดููุฉ ูู ุงููุจุฏ (liver damage)ุ ุงูู |
|
|
|
46 |
|
00:03:53,160 --> 00:03:57,720 |
|
AST ูุงูู ALTุ ุงูุฅุซููู ู
ูุฌูุฏูู ูู ุงููุจุฏุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ุจุณ |
|
|
|
47 |
|
00:03:57,720 --> 00:04:02,220 |
|
ู
ูู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุฃูุซุฑ ูู ุงููุจุฏุ ุงูู ALTุ ุงูู ALT ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู |
|
|
|
48 |
|
00:04:02,220 --> 00:04:06,700 |
|
ุงููุจุฏ ุจุชุฑููุฒ ุนุงูู ูุซูุฑุ ุฃุนูู ู
ู ุงูู ASTุ ููู
ุง ุจูุตูุฑ |
|
|
|
49 |
|
00:04:06,700 --> 00:04:11,860 |
|
ุนูุฏู ู
ุดููุฉ ูู ุงููุจุฏุ ููุทูุน ุงูู ALT ูุงูู AST ููุฎุงุฑุฌุ |
|
|
|
50 |
|
00:04:11,860 --> 00:04:17,110 |
|
ุนูู ุงูุฏู
ุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุงูู ALT ูุงูู AST ุงูุฅุซููู |
|
|
|
51 |
|
00:04:17,110 --> 00:04:22,050 |
|
ููุฒูุฏูุง ูู ุงูุฏู
ุ ุจุณ ุงูู ALT ููุฒูุฏ ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู ุงูู AST |
|
|
|
52 |
|
00:04:22,050 --> 00:04:28,250 |
|
ูุฃูู ุฃุตููุง ูู ุชุฑููุฒู ูู ุงูู liver ุฃูุซุฑ ูุฃุนูู |
|
|
|
53 |
|
00:04:28,250 --> 00:04:32,690 |
|
ูุจุงูุชุงูู ูู
ุง ูุทูุนูุง ุงูุฅุซููู ุนูู ุงูุฏู
ุ ุงูู ALT ูุงูู |
|
|
|
54 |
|
00:04:32,690 --> 00:04:38,510 |
|
AST ุจูุฒูุฏูุงุ ุจุณ ุงูู ALT ุจูููู ุฃุนูู ู
ู ุงูู ASTุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ |
|
|
|
55 |
|
00:04:38,510 --> 00:04:44,250 |
|
ุฃูุถูุง ูู
ุงู ุดุบูุฉุ ุฅุฐูุง ูู
ุงู ุดุบูุฉ ุซุงููุฉ ุจุฏูุง ูุนุฑููุง ุฃูู |
|
|
|
56 |
|
00:04:44,250 --> 00:04:49,090 |
|
ุบูุฑ ุฃู ุงูู ALT ุจูููู ุฃุนูู ู
ู ุงูู AST ูู ุญุงูุงุช |
|
|
|
57 |
|
00:04:49,090 --> 00:04:54,390 |
|
liver damageุ ูู
ุงู ุงูู ALT ุจูุธู ุนุงูู ูู ุงูุฏู
|
|
|
|
58 |
|
00:04:54,390 --> 00:05:02,690 |
|
ููุชุฑุฉ ุฃุทูู ู
ู ุงูู ASTุ ุญูููุง ุฃูู ูุนูู more liver |
|
|
|
59 |
|
00:05:02,690 --> 00:05:07,930 |
|
ูุนูู ูู
ุงู ุดุบูุฉ ุซุงููุฉุ more liver specific than AST |
|
|
|
60 |
|
00:05:07,930 --> 00:05:13,510 |
|
ุฅุฐุงู ูู ุซูุงุซ ุดุบูุงุช ุจุฏูุง ูุฃุฎุฐูุง ุจุนูู ุงูุงุนุชุจุงุฑุ ุงูู ALT |
|
|
|
61 |
|
00:05:13,510 --> 00:05:18,050 |
|
ูู ุงููุจุฏ ุชุฑููุฒู ุฃุนูู ู
ู ุงูู ASTุ ููู
ุง ุจูุตูุฑ liver |
|
|
|
62 |
|
00:05:18,050 --> 00:05:24,070 |
|
damageุ ุงูุฅุซููู ุจูุทูุนูุง ุนูู ุงูุฏู
ุ ููู ูู ุงูุฏู
ุงูู ALT |
|
|
|
63 |
|
00:05:24,070 --> 00:05:30,490 |
|
ููููู ุชุฑููุฒู ุฃุนูู ู
ู ุงูู ASTุ ูู
ุด ุจุณ ูููุ ูู
ุงู ุงูู ALT |
|
|
|
64 |
|
00:05:30,490 --> 00:05:37,150 |
|
ุจูุธู ุนุงูู ููุชุฑุฉ ุทูููุฉุ ุฃุทูู ู
ู ุงูู ASTุ ูุนูู ู
ู
ูู |
|
|
|
65 |
|
00:05:37,150 --> 00:05:43,270 |
|
ุจุนุฏ ุฎู
ุณุ ุณุช ุฃูุงู
ุ ุงูู AST ูุฑุฌุน ุทุจูุนูุ ููุธู ุงูู ALT |
|
|
|
66 |
|
00:05:43,270 --> 00:05:49,150 |
|
ุนุงูู ูู ุงูู Serumุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ุดุบูุฉ ุซุงูุซุฉ ุจูุญูู ููุง ุฃู ุงูู |
|
|
|
67 |
|
00:05:49,150 --> 00:05:57,230 |
|
ALT ูุนุชุจุฑ ู
ุชุฎุตุต ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู ุงูู ASTุ ู
ุชุฎุตุต ูููุจุฏุ ูุญุต |
|
|
|
68 |
|
00:05:57,230 --> 00:06:03,700 |
|
ุงูู ALT ู
ุชุฎุตุต ุฃูุซุฑ ูู ุงููุจุฏ ู
ู ูุญุต ุงูู ASTุ ุชูุงุฌุฃูุง ุฃู |
|
|
|
69 |
|
00:06:03,700 --> 00:06:09,280 |
|
ุงูู AST ู
ุด ู
ุชุฎุตุตุ ุจูุฑุชูุน ูู ุญุงูุงุช ุงูููุจุฉ ุงูููุจูุฉุ ุจูุฑุชูุน |
|
|
|
70 |
|
00:06:09,280 --> 00:06:14,860 |
|
ูู ุญุงูุงุช ู
ุดุงูู ุงููุจุฏุ ููู ุงูู ALT ุจููู ูู remains |
|
|
|
71 |
|
00:06:14,860 --> 00:06:20,040 |
|
normal in acute myocardial infarction (ูุจูู ุทุจูุนู |
|
|
|
72 |
|
00:06:20,040 --> 00:06:25,400 |
|
ูู ุญุงูุงุช ุงูููุจุฉ ุงูููุจูุฉ)ุ ุฅุฐู ูู ู
ุชุฎุตุต ุฃูุซุฑ ุดูุก ูููุจุฏ |
|
|
|
73 |
|
00:06:25,960 --> 00:06:30,260 |
|
ููุด ูุง ุฌู
ุงุนุฉุ ู
ุน ุฃูู ูุชุณุฃููููุ ูุชุญููุง ูู ุทูุจ ุงูู ALT |
|
|
|
74 |
|
00:06:30,260 --> 00:06:34,880 |
|
ูู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูููุจุ ุญูููุงูุ ููู ุงูู kidneyุ ุทูุจ ููุด |
|
|
|
75 |
|
00:06:34,880 --> 00:06:39,140 |
|
ูู ุญุงูุงุช ุงูููุจุฉ ุงูููุจูุฉ ู
ุง ุจูุฒูุฏุ ูุฃูู ุญููุช ููู
ูู |
|
|
|
76 |
|
00:06:39,140 --> 00:06:42,200 |
|
ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูู kidneyุ ูุงูู heartุ ูุงูู skeletal |
|
|
|
77 |
|
00:06:42,200 --> 00:06:48,420 |
|
muscleุ ูุงูู RBCs ุจูู
ูุงุช ููููุฉ ุฌุฏูุงุ ู
ุด ุฒู ุงูู ASTุ |
|
|
|
78 |
|
00:06:48,420 --> 00:06:52,760 |
|
ุงูู AST ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ูุฐู ุงูุฃูุณุฌุฉ ุจูู
ูุงุช ุฃูุจุฑุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู |
|
|
|
79 |
|
00:06:52,760 --> 00:06:56,680 |
|
ุงูู ALT ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุนุถูุฉ ุงูููุจุ ูููู ุจูู
ูุงุช ููููุฉุ ูุนูู |
|
|
|
80 |
|
00:06:56,680 --> 00:07:00,320 |
|
ูู
ุง ุจูุตูุฑ ุฏู
ุฌ ูู ุงูููุจ ููุทูุน ุงูู ALT ุนูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
81 |
|
00:07:00,320 --> 00:07:05,220 |
|
Serumุ ุนูู ุงูุฏู
ุ ู
ุด ูุซูุฑ ููุฒูุฏ ุชุฑููุฒู ุฃู ูููุฑู |
|
|
|
82 |
|
00:07:05,220 --> 00:07:09,020 |
|
ู
ุนุงูุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุจูุธู ุถู
ู ุงูู Normal Rangeุ |
|
|
|
83 |
|
00:07:09,020 --> 00:07:15,020 |
|
ุฅุฐุงู ูุญุต ุงูู ALT ู
ุชุฎุตุต ุฃูุซุฑ ู
ู ูุญุต ุงูู AST ูููุจุฏ |
|
|
|
84 |
|
00:07:17,040 --> 00:07:21,580 |
|
ุงูู Specimen Collection (ููุน ุงูุนููุฉ)ุ ุฒู ุงูู ASTุ ุณูุฑู
|
|
|
|
85 |
|
00:07:21,580 --> 00:07:25,140 |
|
ุฃู ุจูุงุฒู
ุงุ ุงูุจูุงุฒู
ุงุ ููุน ุงูู Anticoagulantุ EDTA ุฃู |
|
|
|
86 |
|
00:07:25,140 --> 00:07:30,820 |
|
ููุจุงุฑููุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุฃูู ูู
ุงู ุงูู ALT ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุฌูุง ุงูู RBCs |
|
|
|
87 |
|
00:07:30,820 --> 00:07:35,240 |
|
ูุนูู ุจุฏู ุฃุชุฌูุจ ุฃุฌู
ุน ุนููุฉ Hemolyzedุ ูุงูุนููุฉ ุงูู |
|
|
|
88 |
|
00:07:35,240 --> 00:07:39,660 |
|
Hemolyzed ุจุฏู ุฃุนู
ููุง rejection (ุฃุฑูุถูุง)ุ ููุดุ ูุฃูู ูู |
|
|
|
89 |
|
00:07:39,660 --> 00:07:44,600 |
|
ุงูุนููุฉ ุตุงุฑ ููุง Hemolysisุ ููุทูุน ุงูู ALT ู
ู ุงูู RBCs |
|
|
|
90 |
|
00:07:44,600 --> 00:07:48,630 |
|
ุนูู ุงูุณูุฑู
ุ ูุฒูุฏ ุชุฑููุฒู ูู ุงูู Serum ุจุดูู ุฎุงุทุฆ |
|
|
|
91 |
|
00:07:48,630 --> 00:07:56,770 |
|
ู
ุนููู
ุฉ ุฃู ุงูู ALT ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุจุงูู RBCs ุชูุฑูุจูุง ุจู 5 |
|
|
|
92 |
|
00:07:56,770 --> 00:08:01,010 |
|
ุฃุถุนุงู ุงูู ALT ุงููู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูู Serumุ ูุนูู ูู |
|
|
|
93 |
|
00:08:01,010 --> 00:08:07,090 |
|
ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูู RBCsุ ูููู ุจู 5 ุฃุถุนุงูุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูู ุจุชุชุฐูุฑูุง |
|
|
|
94 |
|
00:08:07,090 --> 00:08:13,600 |
|
ุงูู ASTุ ู
ูุฌูุฏุ ุงูู AST ูู ุงูู RBCs ุจู 15 ุถุนูุ ูุนูู |
|
|
|
95 |
|
00:08:13,600 --> 00:08:19,880 |
|
ุงูู AST ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูู RBCs ุจูู
ูุงุช ุฃูุจุฑ ู
ู ุงูู ALT |
|
|
|
96 |
|
00:08:19,880 --> 00:08:25,020 |
|
ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุฐู ู
ุนููู
ุฉ ู
ูู
ุฉุ ุงูู AST ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูู RBCs |
|
|
|
97 |
|
00:08:25,020 --> 00:08:31,740 |
|
ุจูู
ูุงุช ุฃูุจุฑ ู
ู ุงูู ALTุ ุงูู "Say for enzyme |
|
|
|
98 |
|
00:08:31,740 --> 00:08:36,140 |
|
activity"ุ ููุงุณ ุงูู activity ุชุจุน ุงูุฅูุฒูู
ุ ุงูุทุฑู |
|
|
|
99 |
|
00:08:36,140 --> 00:08:41,460 |
|
ุงูู
ุณุชุฎุฏู
ุฉ ูู ููุงุณ ุงูู activity ุชุจุน ุฅูุฒูู
ุงูู ALT |
|
|
|
100 |
|
00:08:42,350 --> 00:08:48,250 |
|
ุทุจุนูุง ุงูุทุฑููุฉ ูู
ุจุฏุฃ ุงูุดุบู ููุณ ู
ุจุฏุฃ ุดุบู ุงูู ASTุ ู
ุด |
|
|
|
101 |
|
00:08:48,250 --> 00:08:52,030 |
|
ูู ุฅูุฒูู
ุงุชุ ูููุง ููุณ ุงูู
ุจุฏุฃุ ุงูููุงู
ุงูู
ูุชูุจ ุจุงูู |
|
|
|
102 |
|
00:08:52,030 --> 00:08:58,330 |
|
slideุ ุชูุฎูุตู ูู ุงูู
ุฑุจุน ุงููู ุชุญุชุ ุงูุฃุจูุถุ ูุฐุง ุงูู |
|
|
|
103 |
|
00:08:58,330 --> 00:09:02,430 |
|
principle (ู
ุจุฏุฃ ุงููุญุต)ุ ููุณ ุงูู AST ุจุงูุธุจุท ูุง ุฌู
ุงุนุฉ |
|
|
|
104 |
|
00:09:03,290 --> 00:09:07,070 |
|
ุงูู Serum ุชุจุน ุงูู
ุฑูุถ ุจูููู ููู ุงูู ALTุ ุงูู |
|
|
|
105 |
|
00:09:07,070 --> 00:09:10,490 |
|
enzyme ุงููู ุฃูุง ุจุฏู ุฃุญุณุจ ุงูู activity ุชุจุนุชูุ ุจุฏู |
|
|
|
106 |
|
00:09:10,490 --> 00:09:15,390 |
|
ุฃุญุณุจ ูุดุงุทูุ ูุฃูู ูุดุงุทู ููุนุจุฑ ุนู ุงูู concentration |
|
|
|
107 |
|
00:09:15,390 --> 00:09:25,350 |
|
ููุฐุง ุงูู enzymeุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ููุฌูุชุ ุงูุฃูุงููู ูุงูุฃููุง |
|
|
|
108 |
|
00:09:25,350 --> 00:09:32,870 |
|
ููุชู ุฌูู ุชุงุฑูุชุ ูุฐู substrate ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุงูู reagentุ ูู |
|
|
|
109 |
|
00:09:32,870 --> 00:09:35,990 |
|
ุฌุงุช ุงูุฃูุงูููุ ุญูููุงูุ ูุงูู Alpha-ketoglutarate |
|
|
|
110 |
|
00:09:35,990 --> 00:09:40,950 |
|
substrateุ ูุฐู ุงูู
ูุงุฏ ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุงูู Reagentุ ูู
ุง ูุฎูุท |
|
|
|
111 |
|
00:09:40,950 --> 00:09:45,710 |
|
ุงูู Reagent ุนูู ุนููุฉ ุงูู
ุฑูุถุ ุนูู ุงูุณูุฑู
ุ ุงูู ALT |
|
|
|
112 |
|
00:09:45,710 --> 00:09:49,670 |
|
ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูุณูุฑู
ููุดุชุบู ุนูู ุงูู substrate ุงููู |
|
|
|
113 |
|
00:09:49,670 --> 00:09:53,630 |
|
ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุงูู Reagentุ ููุญูู ุงูุฃูุงููู ูู Pyruvate |
|
|
|
114 |
|
00:09:53,630 --> 00:09:57,930 |
|
ูุงูู Alpha-ketoglutarate ูู Glutamateุ ุงูุจูุฑููุงุช |
|
|
|
115 |
|
00:09:57,930 --> 00:10:02,250 |
|
ููุฑุชุจุท ู
ุน ุงูู NADHุ ูู ูุฌูุฏ ุฅูุฒูู
ุงุณู
ู ููุชุงุช |
|
|
|
116 |
|
00:10:02,250 --> 00:10:07,390 |
|
ุฏูููุฏุฑูุฌููุงุฒุ ุญูุนุทููู ููุชุงุช ู NAD+ุ ุงูู Decrease ูู |
|
|
|
117 |
|
00:10:07,390 --> 00:10:12,030 |
|
ุงูู Absorbanceุ ูุนูู ุงูู NADH ุชุญููุช ูู NAD+ุ ุตุงุฑ ููุง |
|
|
|
118 |
|
00:10:12,030 --> 00:10:15,390 |
|
reductionุ ูุนูู ุญูุตูุฑ ูู ุนูุฏู Decrease ูู |
|
|
|
119 |
|
00:10:15,390 --> 00:10:20,110 |
|
ุงูู absorbanceุ ูุฐุง ุงูููุตุงู ูู ุงูู absorbance ูููุฑุฃู |
|
|
|
120 |
|
00:10:20,110 --> 00:10:24,230 |
|
ุนูู 340 nanometerุ ุงูู wavelengthุ ูุนูู ูู ู
ูุทูุฉ |
|
|
|
121 |
|
00:10:24,230 --> 00:10:30,550 |
|
ุงูู UVุ ููุฐุง ุงูุชูุงุนูุ ูุงูููุตุงู ูู ุงูู absorbanceุ ููุนุจุฑ |
|
|
|
122 |
|
00:10:30,550 --> 00:10:35,890 |
|
ุนู ุงูู activity ุชุจุน ุงูู enzyme ูู ุงูุนููุฉุ ุจุฑุถู ุงูู |
|
|
|
123 |
|
00:10:35,890 --> 00:10:41,310 |
|
procedure ู
ุด ู
ุฐููุฑุฉุ ููุฐูุฑูุง ูู
ุง ูุดุชุบู ุงููุญุตุ ุทุจุนูุง |
|
|
|
124 |
|
00:10:41,310 --> 00:10:45,700 |
|
ุฅุญูุง ุจูุฑุฌุน ููุฌุงู
ุนุฉุ ููุดุชุบู ุงูู ALT ูุง ุงูู ASTุ ูุฃู |
|
|
|
125 |
|
00:10:45,700 --> 00:10:48,300 |
|
ุงูุฅุซููู ููุณ ุงูู procedureุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ |
|
|
|
126 |
|
00:10:56,930 --> 00:11:03,430 |
|
ุงูู Normal Range ูู ALT ุนูุฏ ุงูุฐููุฑ ู
ู 13 ูู 35 |
|
|
|
127 |
|
00:11:03,430 --> 00:11:08,410 |
|
International Unit Per Literุ ุนูุฏ ุงูุฅูุงุซ ู
ู 10 ูู 30 |
|
|
|
128 |
|
00:11:08,410 --> 00:11:13,830 |
|
International Unit Per Literุ High Serum Levels in |
|
|
|
129 |
|
00:11:13,830 --> 00:11:19,790 |
|
Acute Hepatitisุ ูุนูู ุงูู ALT ุจูููู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุจุชุฑููุฒ |
|
|
|
130 |
|
00:11:19,790 --> 00:11:23,130 |
|
ุนุงูู ุฌุฏูุง ูู ุงูู Serum ูู ุญุงูุงุช ุงูู Acute |
|
|
|
131 |
|
00:11:23,130 --> 00:11:29,090 |
|
Hepatitis (ุงูุงูุชูุงุจ ุงูุญุงุฏ ูู ุฎูุงูุง ุงููุจุฏ)ุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ |
|
|
|
132 |
|
00:11:29,090 --> 00:11:35,050 |
|
ุจูุตู ุชุฑููุฒ ุงูู ALT ูู ุญุงูุงุช ุงูู Acute Hepatitis ู
ู |
|
|
|
133 |
|
00:11:35,050 --> 00:11:41,650 |
|
300 ูู 1000 International Unit per Literุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ุงูู |
|
|
|
134 |
|
00:11:41,650 --> 00:11:46,810 |
|
ALT ุจูููู ุจุชุฑููุฒ ุนุงูู ุฌุฏูุงุ ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูุณูุฑู
ุนูุฏ |
|
|
|
135 |
|
00:11:46,810 --> 00:11:50,570 |
|
ุดุฎุต ุงููู ุจูููู ุนูุฏู ุงูุชูุงุจ ุญุงุฏ ูู ุงููุจุฏุ ูุจูุตู |
|
|
|
136 |
|
00:11:50,570 --> 00:11:56,590 |
|
ุชุฑููุฒ ุงูุฅูุฒูู
ู
ู 300 ูู 1000 IU per literุ ููู ุจูุตูุฑ |
|
|
|
137 |
|
00:11:56,590 --> 00:12:02,850 |
|
ูู moderate elevationุ ุงูู Moderate elevation ูุนูู |
|
|
|
138 |
|
00:12:02,850 --> 00:12:07,530 |
|
ุงูู ALT ุจูุตูุฑ ูู ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจุดูู ู
ุชูุณุท ูู ุญุงูุงุช ุงูู |
|
|
|
139 |
|
00:12:07,530 --> 00:12:11,130 |
|
Alcohol Hepatitisุ ูุนูู Hepatitis ู
ุนูุงูุง ุงูุชูุงุจ ูู |
|
|
|
140 |
|
00:12:11,130 --> 00:12:15,370 |
|
ุฎูุงูุง ุงููุจุฏุ Alcohol Hepatitisุ ุฅู ุงููู ุณุจุจ ุงูุชูุงุจ |
|
|
|
141 |
|
00:12:15,370 --> 00:12:20,660 |
|
ูู ุฎูุงูุง ุงููุจุฏุ ุชูุงูู ุงููุญูููุงุชุ ู
ู 100 ูู 300 |
|
|
|
142 |
|
00:12:20,660 --> 00:12:24,620 |
|
International Unit per Literุ ุจุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงูู ALT ูู |
|
|
|
143 |
|
00:12:24,620 --> 00:12:28,220 |
|
ุงูุณูุฑู
ูู ุญุงูุฉ ุงูู Alcohol Hepatitisุ Minor |
|
|
|
144 |
|
00:12:28,220 --> 00:12:33,780 |
|
elevation (ุจุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงูู ALT ุจุดูู ุจุณูุท ูู ุญุงูุงุช |
|
|
|
145 |
|
00:12:33,780 --> 00:12:38,900 |
|
ุงูุชููู ุงููุจุฏู)ุ ุชููู ุงููุจุฏุ ุงูู Hepatitis Cุ ุงูุชูุงุจ |
|
|
|
146 |
|
00:12:38,900 --> 00:12:43,320 |
|
ุงููุจุฏ ูุชูุฌุฉ ุงูููุฑูุณ |
|
|
|
147 |
|
00:12:45,360 --> 00:12:52,320 |
|
Hepatitis Cุ ูุชูุฌุฉ ููุฑูุณุ ุชูุชูุงุจุช ุฎูุงูุง ุงููุจุฏุ ูุฃูุถูุง ูู |
|
|
|
148 |
|
00:12:52,320 --> 00:12:57,600 |
|
ุญุงูุฉ ุงูู Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitisุ ุงููู ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑู |
|
|
|
149 |
|
00:12:57,600 --> 00:13:04,260 |
|
NASHุ ุงูู Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitisุ ูุฐุง ู
ุฑุถุ ุทุจุนูุง |
|
|
|
150 |
|
00:13:04,260 --> 00:13:10,660 |
|
ุจูุณู
ูู ู
ุฑุถ ุชุดู
ุน ุงููุจุฏุ ุชุดู
ุน ุงููุจุฏุ ุฃูู ุงูุฏููู ุจุชุจุฏุฃ |
|
|
|
151 |
|
00:13:10,660 --> 00:13:15,860 |
|
ุชุชุฑุงูู
ุนูู ุงูู liverุ ุทุจุนูุง ุงูุฏููู ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชุฑุงูู
ุนูู |
|
|
|
152 |
|
00:13:15,860 --> 00:13:21,110 |
|
ุงูู liverุ ูู
ุด ุจุงูุถุฑูุฑุฉ ูุตูุจ ุงููุงุณ ุงููู ุจุชูุงูููุง ูุญูู |
|
|
|
153 |
|
00:13:21,110 --> 00:13:24,350 |
|
ูุนูู ุจูุณู
ูู non-alcoholicุ ูุนูู ุงููู ุจููุตุงุจูุง ููู ูู
ุงู |
|
|
|
154 |
|
00:13:24,350 --> 00:13:28,490 |
|
ู
ุง ุจูุดุฑุจูุง ูุญููุ ุฃูู ูุญูู ู
ุซููุง ู
ู ุงููุญูู ูู ุนุงู
ูุฉ |
|
|
|
155 |
|
00:13:28,490 --> 00:13:34,350 |
|
ูุฐู ุงูู
ุดููุฉุ ูุฏูู ุงูุฃุดุฎุงุตุ ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุนูุฏูู
metabolic |
|
|
|
156 |
|
00:13:34,350 --> 00:13:40,500 |
|
syndromeุ ูุนูู ุณู
ูุฉุ ูุชูุฌุฉ ุงูุฒูุงุฏุฉ ูู ุงููุฒูุ ูุชูุฌุฉ |
|
|
|
157 |
|
00:13:40,500 --> 00:13:44,560 |
|
ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงูุณูุฑ ูู ุงูุฏู
ุ ุจู
ููุงููุฒู
ุงุช ู
ุนููุฉุ ุงูุฏููู |
|
|
|
158 |
|
00:13:44,560 --> 00:13:51,100 |
|
ุนูุฏูู
ุชุชุฑุงูู
ุนูู ุงููุจุฏุ ุจุฑุถู ูุฏูู ุงูุฃุดุฎุงุตุ ุจูุตูุฑ |
|
|
|
159 |
|
00:13:51,100 --> 00:13:55,660 |
|
ุนูุฏูู
Minor elevation (ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจุณูุท ูู ุงูู ALT) |
|
|
|
160 |
|
00:13:55,660 --> 00:14:00,280 |
|
ุชูุฑูุจูุง ู
ู 50 ูู 100 International Unit per Liter |
|
|
|
161 |
|
00:14:00,280 --> 00:14:04,560 |
|
ุจูุฑุชูุน ุทุจุนูุง ุงูู Non-alcoholic steatohepatitisุ ูู |
|
|
|
162 |
|
00:14:04,560 --> 00:14:09,460 |
|
ุญุจูุชูุง ุชุนุฑููุง ูุฐุง ุงูู
ุฑุถุ ู
ู
ูู ุนูู ุฌูุฌู ุชุดูููู ู |
|
|
|
163 |
|
00:14:09,460 --> 00:14:17,400 |
|
ุชุจุญุซูุง ุนููุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ Levels of AST and ALTุ AST is |
|
|
|
164 |
|
00:14:17,400 --> 00:14:21,960 |
|
assessed along with ALTุ ุงูู Monitoring Liver Damageุ ูุง |
|
|
|
165 |
|
00:14:21,960 --> 00:14:28,000 |
|
ุฌู
ุงุนุฉุ ู
ุง ุจูุทูุจ ูู ูุญุต ูุญุงููุ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงูู AST ูุงูู ALT |
|
|
|
166 |
|
00:14:28,000 --> 00:14:33,540 |
|
ุงูุฅุซููู ุจููุทูุจูุง ู
ุน ุจุนุถุ ุนุดุงู ูุดูู ูุถุน ุงููุจุฏ |
|
|
|
167 |
|
00:14:33,540 --> 00:14:39,610 |
|
ููุดูู ูู ุญุฏุซ liver damage or notุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ These two |
|
|
|
168 |
|
00:14:39,610 --> 00:14:44,990 |
|
values normally exist in an approximately ูุงุญุฏ |
|
|
|
169 |
|
00:14:44,990 --> 00:14:51,250 |
|
ููุงุญุฏ ratioุ ุนูุฏ ุงูุฅูุณุงู ุงูุทุจูุนู ุงูู AST ูุงูู ALT |
|
|
|
170 |
|
00:14:51,250 --> 00:14:57,030 |
|
ุงูุฅุซููู ุชูุฑูุจูุง ูู ุงูุณูุฑู
ููุณ ุงูุชุฑููุฒุ ูุงูู ratio |
|
|
|
171 |
|
00:14:57,030 --> 00:15:02, |
|
|
|
223 |
|
00:19:30,430 --> 00:19:37,310 |
|
ูู ุงูู ALB ุนู ุงูู ALB ุงูุขุฎุฑ. ุฃูุง ูู ุนูุฏู ALB ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู |
|
|
|
224 |
|
00:19:37,310 --> 00:19:39,510 |
|
ุงููุจุฏุ ูู ุงูู boneุ ูู ุงูู placentaุ ูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
225 |
|
00:19:39,510 --> 00:19:44,870 |
|
intestine. ูุฐู ูููุง ูุธุงุฆุฑ ููุฅูุฒูู
ุ ูููุง ุชุชุดุงุฑู ู
ุน |
|
|
|
226 |
|
00:19:44,870 --> 00:19:49,790 |
|
ุจุนุถูุง ูู ุฎุตุงุฆุต ู ุจุชุฎุชูู ู
ุน ุจุนุถูุง ูู ุฎุตุงุฆุต. ููู ุจุฏู |
|
|
|
227 |
|
00:19:49,790 --> 00:19:55,190 |
|
ุฃูุฑู ุจูููู
ู ุฃูุตููู
ุ ุจุชูููุฉ ุงูู Electrophoresis |
|
|
|
228 |
|
00:19:55,190 --> 00:20:00,010 |
|
ุชูุตู ุงูู ALB ุงูุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงููู ุฌุงูุฉ ู
ู ุงููุจุฏ ู ุงูู bone |
|
|
|
229 |
|
00:20:00,010 --> 00:20:06,340 |
|
ู ุงูู placenta ู ุงูู intestineุ ู ุจุชุญุณุจ ุชุฑููุฒ ูู ALB |
|
|
|
230 |
|
00:20:06,340 --> 00:20:09,880 |
|
ุนูู ุญุฏุฉ. ูุนูู ุงูู ALB ุงููู ุฌุงู ู
ู ุงููุจุฏ ุจุชู
ุญุณุงุจ |
|
|
|
231 |
|
00:20:09,880 --> 00:20:14,260 |
|
ุชุฑููุฒูุ ู
ู ุงูู boneุ ู
ู ุงูู placentaุ ู
ู ุงูู intestine |
|
|
|
232 |
|
00:20:14,260 --> 00:20:20,380 |
|
ุจูุงุณุทุฉ ุงูู Electrophoresis. ุจุญูู ููู ALB ูุฐุง ุงููุธูุฑ |
|
|
|
233 |
|
00:20:20,380 --> 00:20:24,980 |
|
ุงููู ุจูููู ูู ุงููุจุฏุ ุนูู ุงูู Electrophoresisุ ุนูู |
|
|
|
234 |
|
00:20:24,980 --> 00:20:30,140 |
|
ุงูุฌู ุฃู ุงูู cellulose acetateุ ุจูู
ุดู ุจุดูู ุฃุณุฑุน. ููู |
|
|
|
235 |
|
00:20:30,140 --> 00:20:34,240 |
|
ุงูู ALB ุงููู ุจูุทูุน ู
ู ุงูู intestineุ ูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
236 |
|
00:20:34,240 --> 00:20:37,680 |
|
Electrophoresis ุฃุซูุงุก ุงููุตูุ ูู
ุง ุจูู
ุดู ุจูููู ูุทุฉ |
|
|
|
237 |
|
00:20:37,680 --> 00:20:44,530 |
|
ูุงุญุฏุฉ. ูุฐู ู
ู ุฎุตุงุฆุตูู
ุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ุฃู ุชูููุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู ูู |
|
|
|
238 |
|
00:20:44,530 --> 00:20:48,810 |
|
immunochemical. ุจูุนุชุจุฑูุง ุฃู ุงูู enzymeุ ูุฐุง ุงููุธูุฑ |
|
|
|
239 |
|
00:20:48,810 --> 00:20:53,700 |
|
ุงูู ALBุ Antigen. ุงูู Enzyme ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู ุงูู Antigen. |
|
|
|
240 |
|
00:20:53,700 --> 00:20:59,060 |
|
ุจุฑูุญู ุฌูุจูุง Antibody ู
ุชุฎุตุต ููุฐุง ุงูู Antigen. ูุงูู |
|
|
|
241 |
|
00:20:59,060 --> 00:21:02,620 |
|
Antibody ุจุฑุจุท ุจุงูู Enzyme ู ุจุนุทููู Complex |
|
|
|
242 |
|
00:21:02,620 --> 00:21:06,540 |
|
(Antibody-Antigen Reaction). ุจุญุณุจ ูุฐุง ุงูู Complex |
|
|
|
243 |
|
00:21:06,540 --> 00:21:14,040 |
|
ุจุทุฑู ู
ูุงุนูุฉ ุนุดุงู ุฃุดูู ุชุฑููุฒ ุงูู Enzymeุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ููู ูุง |
|
|
|
244 |
|
00:21:14,040 --> 00:21:21,160 |
|
ุฌู
ุงุนุฉุ ููุง ุจุฏูุง ูุฑูุฒ ุนูู ุดุบูุฉ. ุงูู ALB ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
245 |
|
00:21:21,160 --> 00:21:26,060 |
|
serum ุชุจุน ุงูุฅูุณุงู ุจุชุฑููุฒ ูููู ุฌุฏุงูุ ุฒู ุงูู ALT |
|
|
|
246 |
|
00:21:26,060 --> 00:21:33,920 |
|
ู ุงูู AST. ููู ูู ุญุงู ุฅุฌุงูู ุดุฎุต ูุญุต ูู ุงูู ALB ุงููู |
|
|
|
247 |
|
00:21:33,920 --> 00:21:38,220 |
|
ูู ุงูู serum ู ูููุชู ุนุงูู ูุชูุฑ ูุชูุฑ ูุชูุฑุ ูุฐุง |
|
|
|
248 |
|
00:21:38,220 --> 00:21:44,000 |
|
ุจูุนุทูู ู
ุคุดุฑ ุนูู ุดูุ ุฅูู ุญุฏุซ damage ูู ุงูู organ. |
|
|
|
249 |
|
00:21:44,000 --> 00:21:49,080 |
|
ุทูุจ ุฃู organ ุจุงูุธุจุทุ ูู ุญุฏุซ damage ูู ุงูู liver ููุง |
|
|
|
250 |
|
00:21:49,080 --> 00:21:52,560 |
|
ูู ุงูู bone ููุง ูู ุงูู placenta ููุง ูู ุงูู intestineุ |
|
|
|
251 |
|
00:21:52,560 --> 00:21:58,860 |
|
ู
ุง ุจุชูุฏุฑ ุชุนุฑู ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุงููุญุตุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ุฅุฐุง ูุญุต ุงูู ALPุ |
|
|
|
252 |
|
00:21:58,860 --> 00:22:04,220 |
|
ูู ูุงู ุงูู ALP ุนุงูู ูุชูุฑ ูู ุงูุฏู
ุ ุจุนุทููู ู
ุคุดุฑ ุฅู |
|
|
|
253 |
|
00:22:04,220 --> 00:22:08,480 |
|
ูุฐุง ุงูุดุฎุต ุนูุฏู tissue damageุ ุนูุฏู ุชุฏู
ูุฑ ูู ุงูุฎูุงูุง |
|
|
|
254 |
|
00:22:08,480 --> 00:22:12,960 |
|
ููู ุฃุนุถุงุก ู
ุนููุฉ. ุทุจ ุฅูุด ูุฐู ุงูู organ ุงููู ุตุงุฑ ุฅูููุง |
|
|
|
255 |
|
00:22:12,960 --> 00:22:16,560 |
|
damageุ ูู ุงููุจุฏ ุงุชุฏู
ุฑุ ููุง ุงูู bone ุงุชุฏู
ุฑุ ููุง |
|
|
|
256 |
|
00:22:16,560 --> 00:22:19,700 |
|
ุงูู placentaุ ููุง ุงูู intestineุ ู
ุง ูู ุฃุฑุจุน ู
ูุงุทู |
|
|
|
257 |
|
00:22:19,700 --> 00:22:26,430 |
|
ูููู
ALPุ ู
ุง ุจูุนุฑูุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูู ุจุฏู ุฃุนุฑู ููู ุงูุฏู
ุฌ |
|
|
|
258 |
|
00:22:26,430 --> 00:22:31,910 |
|
ุจุงูุธุจุทุ ุจุชุฑูุญู ุชุนู
ูู ุงูู Electrophoresis ุนุดุงู ุชุดููู |
|
|
|
259 |
|
00:22:31,910 --> 00:22:36,990 |
|
ุงูู ALB ุงููู ุฌุงู ู
ู ุงููุจุฏุ ู ุงูู ALB ุงููู ุฌุงู ู
ู |
|
|
|
260 |
|
00:22:36,990 --> 00:22:40,070 |
|
ุงูู boneุ ู ุงูู ALB ุงููู ุฌุงู ู
ู ุงูู placentaุ ู ุงูู ALB |
|
|
|
261 |
|
00:22:40,070 --> 00:22:44,410 |
|
ุงููู ุฌุงู ู
ู ุงูู intestine. ู
ูู ุฃุนูู ูุงุญุฏ ูู ุงูุชุฑููุฒุ |
|
|
|
262 |
|
00:22:44,410 --> 00:22:49,920 |
|
ุทุจุนุงู ูู ุฌูุงุฒ ุงุณู
ู Densitometer ุจูุญุฏุฏ ุชุฑููุฒ ูู ูุงุญุฏ |
|
|
|
263 |
|
00:22:49,920 --> 00:22:54,180 |
|
ุนูู ุญุฏุฉ. ูุจุชุนุฑูู ุงููู ุฃุนูู ูู ุงูุชุฑููุฒุ ู
ุนูุงู ูุฐุง |
|
|
|
264 |
|
00:22:54,180 --> 00:22:58,700 |
|
ุงูุนุถู ูู ุงููู ุตุงุฑ ููู ุงูุฏู
ุฌุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ุนุดุงู ููู ูุญุต ุงูู |
|
|
|
265 |
|
00:22:58,700 --> 00:23:04,780 |
|
ALP ู
ุด ู
ุชุฎุตุต ูููุจุฏุ ุจูุฑุชูุน ูู ุญุงูุงุช ู
ุดุงูู ุงูุนุธุงู
ุ |
|
|
|
266 |
|
00:23:04,780 --> 00:23:09,520 |
|
ู
ุดุงูู ุงูู placentaุ ู
ุดุงูู ุงูุฃู
ุนุงุกุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุฐู ุงูุดุบูุฉ |
|
|
|
267 |
|
00:23:09,520 --> 00:23:15,030 |
|
ูุชูุฑ ุถุฑูุฑูุฉ ูููู
ูุง. ุงูู Clinical Significanceุ ุจุฏูุง |
|
|
|
268 |
|
00:23:15,030 --> 00:23:20,650 |
|
ูุญูู ุนู ุฃูู
ูุฉ ุฅูุฒูู
ุงูู ALPุ ุฃูู
ูุฉ ูุฐุง ุงููุญุต. |
|
|
|
269 |
|
00:23:20,650 --> 00:23:25,010 |
|
Alkaline phosphatase is an enzyme found in the |
|
|
|
270 |
|
00:23:25,010 --> 00:23:29,440 |
|
liver, bone, placenta, intestine, and kidneys. ุงูู ALP |
|
|
|
271 |
|
00:23:29,440 --> 00:23:33,800 |
|
ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู ุฅูุฒูู
ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูู tissue ูุชูุฑุฉุ ูู ุงููุจุฏ |
|
|
|
272 |
|
00:23:33,800 --> 00:23:36,320 |
|
ู ูู ุงูู boneุ ู ูู ุงูู placentaุ ู ุงูู intestineุ ู ุงูู |
|
|
|
273 |
|
00:23:36,320 --> 00:23:40,680 |
|
kidneys. ู ูู ูุฑุฃุชู
ู
ูุงูุฉุ ููุญููููู
ุฅู ุงูู ALP ู
ูุฌูุฏ |
|
|
|
274 |
|
00:23:40,680 --> 00:23:44,520 |
|
ูู ูู ุงูู organุ ูู ูู ุงูู tissue ุงููู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู |
|
|
|
275 |
|
00:23:44,520 --> 00:23:49,580 |
|
ุงูุฌุณู
ุ ูููุง ALPุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ุชุฑููุฒู ูู ุงูุฏู
ูููู ุฌุฏุงูุ ูุฐุง |
|
|
|
276 |
|
00:23:49,580 --> 00:23:55,410 |
|
ุงููุถุน ุงูุทุจูุนู. ููู ู
ูุงูู ุงูุฃุตูู ุฌูุงุช ุงูุฎูุงูุง. |
|
|
|
277 |
|
00:23:55,410 --> 00:24:00,610 |
|
Primarily in the cells lining the biliary tract. |
|
|
|
278 |
|
00:24:00,610 --> 00:24:06,570 |
|
ูุนูู ูุง ุฌู
ุงุนุฉุ ูู
ุงู ุงูู ALP ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุงููู |
|
|
|
279 |
|
00:24:06,570 --> 00:24:11,230 |
|
ุจุชููู ุงูู biliary tractุ ุงูููุงุฉ ุงูุตูุฑุงููุฉ. ูุงูุฌูุฒุก ุฏู |
|
|
|
280 |
|
00:24:11,230 --> 00:24:16,690 |
|
ุงูู
ุชุชุฎูููุง ู
ุนูุ ููู ูู ุงููุจุฏุ ุงููู ุจูุตู ุจูู ุงููุจุฏ |
|
|
|
281 |
|
00:24:16,690 --> 00:24:20,590 |
|
ูุงูุฃู
ุนุงุก ุงููู ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ุชุญุชุ ุงูู intestineุ ููุงุฉุ ุงูููุงุฉ |
|
|
|
282 |
|
00:24:20,590 --> 00:24:25,470 |
|
ุงูุตูุฑุงููุฉุ ุงูู biliary duct. ุฅุฐูุ ูู ุนูุฏู ูุจุฏุ ูุชุญุชูุง ูู |
|
|
|
283 |
|
00:24:25,470 --> 00:24:30,270 |
|
ููุงุฉ ุตูุฑุงููุฉุ biliary ductุ ูุชุญุช ุงูููุงุฉ ุงูุตูุฑุงููุฉ ูู |
|
|
|
284 |
|
00:24:30,270 --> 00:24:34,990 |
|
ุงูุฃู
ุนุงุก. ูุงูุฌูุฒุกุ ูุฐู ุงูู biliary ductุ ุงูููุงุฉ ุงูุตูุฑุงููุฉุ |
|
|
|
285 |
|
00:24:34,990 --> 00:24:40,030 |
|
ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุงููู ูููุงุ ูุฐู ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุฃูุถุงู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูููุง |
|
|
|
286 |
|
00:24:40,030 --> 00:24:51,350 |
|
ุงูู ALPุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ุฃูุถุงู ูุฐู ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุงููู ุจุชููู ุงูููุงุฉ |
|
|
|
287 |
|
00:24:51,350 --> 00:24:57,410 |
|
ุงูุตูุฑุงููุฉุ ูู ุงุชููู ูู ุงูููุงุฉ stonesุ ุญุตุงููุ ูุฐู |
|
|
|
288 |
|
00:24:57,410 --> 00:25:03,010 |
|
ุงูุญุตุงูู ูุชุฏู
ุฑ ุงูุฎูุงูุงุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุงูุฎูุงูุง ูุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูุฑุฒ |
|
|
|
289 |
|
00:25:03,010 --> 00:25:10,530 |
|
ALP. ุฅุฐุงูุ ุงูุชุจููุงุ ุงูู ALP ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุจุดูู ุฃุณุงุณู ูู ุงูุฎูุงูุง |
|
|
|
290 |
|
00:25:10,530 --> 00:25:17,010 |
|
ุงููู ุจุชููู ุงูููุงุฉ ุงูุตูุฑุงููุฉ. ููู ุงุชูููุช ุญุตุงูู ูู |
|
|
|
291 |
|
00:25:17,010 --> 00:25:21,190 |
|
ุงูููุงุฉ ุงูุตูุฑุงููุฉุ ูุชุฃุซุฑ ุนูู ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ููุงู |
|
|
|
292 |
|
00:25:21,190 --> 00:25:27,210 |
|
ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุชูุฑุฒ ALP ููุฒูุฏ ุชุฑููุฒู ูู |
|
|
|
293 |
|
00:25:27,210 --> 00:25:31,850 |
|
ุงูุฏู
. ุนุดุงู ููู ุญูููุง ุฅู ุงูู ALP ูุนูู ุจูุนุชุจุฑู ู
ุคุดุฑ |
|
|
|
294 |
|
00:25:31,850 --> 00:25:38,170 |
|
ููุฌูุฏ ููููุณุชุงุณูุณุ ููุฌูุฏ ุญุตุงูู ูู ุงูููุงุฉ ุงูุตูุฑุงููุฉ. ุฅุฐู |
|
|
|
295 |
|
00:25:38,170 --> 00:25:42,610 |
|
ูู
ุงู ุดุบูุฉ ุจุฏู ุฃุญููููู
ุฅูุงูุงุ ุฅูู ูู
ุงู ูู
ุง ุจูุตูุฑ ุนูุฏู ุฏู
ุฌ |
|
|
|
296 |
|
00:25:42,610 --> 00:25:47,310 |
|
ูู ุฎูุงูุง ุงููุจุฏุ ูุนูู ุฎูุงูุง ุงููุจุฏ ุงุชุฏู
ุฑุชุ ุจุฑุถู ุงูู |
|
|
|
297 |
|
00:25:47,310 --> 00:25:52,260 |
|
ALP ููุฒูุฏ ูู ุงูุฏู
. ูุฃู ุงููุจุฏ ุจุฑุถู ุจูุฑุฒ ALPุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ |
|
|
|
298 |
|
00:25:52,260 --> 00:25:57,400 |
|
ูุจุงูุชุงูู ููุทูุน ุงูู ALP ู
ู ุงููุจุฏ ุนูู ุงูุฏู
ุ ูููู ุจุดูู |
|
|
|
299 |
|
00:25:57,400 --> 00:26:02,720 |
|
ุฃูุจุฑ. ุงูู ALP ุจูุฒูุฏ ูุชูุฑ ูุชูุฑ ูุชูุฑ ูู
ุง ุจุชุชููู ุญุตุงูู |
|
|
|
300 |
|
00:26:02,720 --> 00:26:07,040 |
|
ูู ุงูููุงุฉ ุงูุตูุฑุงููุฉุ ูุฃู ูุฐู ุงูุญุตุงูู ุงููู ูู |
|
|
|
301 |
|
00:26:07,040 --> 00:26:11,700 |
|
ุงูููุงุฉ ูุชุฃุซุฑ ุนูู ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุงููู ูู ุงูููุงุฉุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู |
|
|
|
302 |
|
00:26:12,360 --> 00:26:18,700 |
|
ูุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูุฑุฒ ALP ููุฒูุฏ ุชุฑููุฒู ุจุดูู ุฃูุจุฑุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ุฃูุถุงู |
|
|
|
303 |
|
00:26:18,700 --> 00:26:24,860 |
|
ุงูู ALP ุจูููู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูู osteoblastุ ุงูุฎูุงูุง |
|
|
|
304 |
|
00:26:24,860 --> 00:26:30,340 |
|
ุงูุจูุงุฆูุฉ ููุนุธู
ุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ Involved in the formation of |
|
|
|
305 |
|
00:26:30,340 --> 00:26:34,310 |
|
a new bone. ุงูุฌุณู
ุงูุนุธู
ูู
ุง ุจูุชุจูู ูุญุชุงุฌ ูู |
|
|
|
306 |
|
00:26:34,310 --> 00:26:39,690 |
|
osteoblastุ ุฎูุงูุง ุจูุงุก ุนุดุงู ุชุจูููุง. ูุฐู ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุจุฑุถู |
|
|
|
307 |
|
00:26:39,690 --> 00:26:47,190 |
|
ุจุชูุฑุฒ ALP ุฌูุงูุงุ ูู ALPุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุงูู ALP is normally |
|
|
|
308 |
|
00:26:47,190 --> 00:26:53,030 |
|
excreted from the liver in the bile. ุจุฑุถู ุงูู ALP |
|
|
|
309 |
|
00:26:53,030 --> 00:27:00,190 |
|
ูุง ุฌู
ุงุนุฉุ ุจุดูู ุทุจูุนู ุจูุตูุฑ ูู excretion ู
ู ุงููุจุฏ ุฅูู |
|
|
|
310 |
|
00:27:00,190 --> 00:27:08,790 |
|
ุงูู biliary ductุ ููููุงุฉ ุงูุตูุฑุงููุฉุ ุจุดูู ุทุจูุนู. ุฒูุงุฏุฉ |
|
|
|
311 |
|
00:27:08,790 --> 00:27:16,370 |
|
ุงูู ALPุ ุฒูุงุฏุฉ ุงูู ALPุ ุจูุดููู ุจุดูู ุดุงุฆุน ุนูุฏ ุงูู |
|
|
|
312 |
|
00:27:16,370 --> 00:27:20,790 |
|
bone growthุ ุนูุฏ ุงูู childrenุ ุงูุฃุทูุงู. ุงูุฃุทูุงูุ |
|
|
|
313 |
|
00:27:20,790 --> 00:27:24,870 |
|
ุงูุฃุทูุงูุ ู
ุด ุจูุญูู ู
ุฑุถุ ุจูููููุง ูู ู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุจูุงุก ููุนุธู
|
|
|
|
314 |
|
00:27:24,870 --> 00:27:29,390 |
|
ุชุจุนูู
ุ ุงูุจูุงุกุ ูุนูู ุฎูุงูุง ุงูู osteoblast ุจุฏูุง ุชุจุฏุฃ |
|
|
|
315 |
|
00:27:29,390 --> 00:27:34,070 |
|
ุชุดุชุบูุ ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุงูุจูุงุฆูุฉุ ุงูุฎูุงูุง ูุฐู ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูุฑุฒ |
|
|
|
316 |
|
00:27:34,070 --> 00:27:39,390 |
|
ุฃุซูุงุก ุจูุงุก ุงูุนุธุงู
ุ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชูุฑุฒ ุงูู ALPุ ูุฃูู ูููุง |
|
|
|
317 |
|
00:27:39,390 --> 00:27:44,660 |
|
ALPุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุนูุฏ ุงูุฃุทูุงูุ ูู ูุญุตูุง ALPุ ุญุงูุฉ |
|
|
|
318 |
|
00:27:44,660 --> 00:27:49,260 |
|
ุฌุงุก ุนุงูู ุนูุฏูู
ุ ู
ุด ุนุงูู ูุฃู ุนูุฏูู
ุญุงูุงุช ู
ุฑุถูุฉุ ุนุงูู |
|
|
|
319 |
|
00:27:49,260 --> 00:27:53,240 |
|
ูุฃููู
ูู ู
ุฑุญูุฉ ุจูุงุกุ ุงูู osteoblastุ ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุงูุจูุงุฆูุฉ |
|
|
|
320 |
|
00:27:53,240 --> 00:27:57,020 |
|
ููุนุธู
ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุดุชุบู ุนูุฏูู
ุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู ุฃุซูุงุก ุดุบููุง |
|
|
|
321 |
|
00:27:57,020 --> 00:28:01,520 |
|
ุจูุตูุฑ ูู release ููู ALPุ ุจูุทูุน ุงูู ALP ุนูู ุงูุฏู
|
|
|
|
322 |
|
00:28:01,520 --> 00:28:07,100 |
|
ููุฑุชูุน ุชุฑููุฒู. ุฃูุถุงู ุงูู ALP ุจูุฑุชูุน ูู ุญุงูุงุช liver |
|
|
|
323 |
|
00:28:07,100 --> 00:28:11,180 |
|
diseaseุ ู
ุดุงูู ุงููุจุฏุ ูุฃูู ุฃุตูุงู ูู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงููุจุฏุ ุตุญ |
|
|
|
324 |
|
00:28:11,180 --> 00:28:15,140 |
|
ููุง ูุฃุ ูุฃู ุฏู
ุฌ ูู ุงููุจุฏุ ููุทูุน ุนูู ุงูุฏู
ููุฒูุฏ |
|
|
|
325 |
|
00:28:15,140 --> 00:28:19,460 |
|
ุชุฑููุฒู. ุจุฑุถู ุงูู ALP ุจูุฒูุฏ ูู ุญุงูุงุช ุงูู biliary |
|
|
|
326 |
|
00:28:19,460 --> 00:28:25,120 |
|
obstructionุ ุงูุณุฏุงุฏ ูู ุงูููุงุฉ ุงูุตูุฑุงููุฉ ูุชูุฌุฉ ุชูููู |
|
|
|
327 |
|
00:28:25,120 --> 00:28:29,610 |
|
stones. ุญูููุง ุงูููุงุฉ ุงูุตูุฑุงููุฉุ ูู ุงุชูููุช ูููุง ุญุตุงููุ |
|
|
|
328 |
|
00:28:29,610 --> 00:28:35,870 |
|
ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุงููู ุจุชููู ุงูููุงุฉุ ุฃุตูุงู ูููุง ALPุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู |
|
|
|
329 |
|
00:28:35,870 --> 00:28:40,830 |
|
ูุฌูุฏ ุงูุญุตุงูู ูู ูุฐู ุงูุฎูุงูุงุ ููุฏู
ุฑูุง ููุฎูููุง ุชูุฑุฒ |
|
|
|
330 |
|
00:28:40,830 --> 00:28:47,640 |
|
ALP ู
ููุง ููุฏู
ุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ุฅุฐู ุซูุงุซ ุญุงูุงุช ุจูุฑุชูุน ูููู
ุงูู |
|
|
|
331 |
|
00:28:47,640 --> 00:28:52,700 |
|
ALP: ุชูููู ุงูู stones ูู ุงูููุงุฉ ุงูุตูุฑุงููุฉุ ูุฌูุฏ ู
ุดููุฉ |
|
|
|
332 |
|
00:28:52,700 --> 00:28:56,820 |
|
ูู ุงููุจุฏุ ุญุงูุงุช ุงูู growth ุงููู ูู ุนูุฏ ุงูุฃุทูุงู ุจุดูู |
|
|
|
333 |
|
00:28:56,820 --> 00:29:02,780 |
|
ุทุจูุนู. Serum ALP Activity Primarily Reflects |
|
|
|
334 |
|
00:29:02,780 --> 00:29:06,740 |
|
the changes in bone and liver function. ุทุจุนุงู ุชุฑููุฒ |
|
|
|
335 |
|
00:29:06,740 --> 00:29:12,400 |
|
ุงูู ALPุ ูุดุงุท ุงูู ALPุ ุจูุนูุณ ู
ุฏู ุงูุชุบูุฑุงุช ุงููู ุจุชุตูุฑ |
|
|
|
336 |
|
00:29:12,400 --> 00:29:17,340 |
|
ูู ุงููุจุฏ ู ุงูู boneุ ุฃููุฏุ ูุฃูู ุฃุตูุงู ูู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงููุจุฏ |
|
|
|
337 |
|
00:29:17,340 --> 00:29:22,100 |
|
ูู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูู boneุ ูุฃู ู
ุดููุฉ ูููู
ุ ูู ุงูู liver ุฃู ูู |
|
|
|
338 |
|
00:29:22,100 --> 00:29:27,100 |
|
ุงูู boneุ ูุชุฃุซุฑ ุนูู ุชุฑููุฒ ุงูู ALP. ูุจุงูุชุงููุ ุญุชู ูู ูุงู |
|
|
|
339 |
|
00:29:27,100 --> 00:29:31,880 |
|
ููุงู ุฒูุงุฏุฉ ALP ุฃุนููุ ู
ู
ูู ุชุฌุฏูุง ูู ุฃุนุถุงุก ุฃุฎุฑู ุจุฑุถูุ |
|
|
|
340 |
|
00:29:31,880 --> 00:29:40,270 |
|
ุงูู ALP ู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุฃุนุถุงุก ุฃุฎุฑูุ ูุจุชุฑููุฒ ุนุงููุ ุนูู |
|
|
|
341 |
|
00:29:40,270 --> 00:29:44,110 |
|
ุงูุฑุบู
ู
ู ุฃู ุงูู ALPุ ุงุชูููุงุ ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ูู ุงูู tissueุ |
|
|
|
342 |
|
00:29:44,110 --> 00:29:49,030 |
|
ูู ูู ุงูู organุ ููู ูุนููุงู ุงูู activity ุชุจุนุช ุงูู |
|
|
|
343 |
|
00:29:49,030 --> 00:29:54,530 |
|
ALPุ ุฃูุซุฑ ุดูุก ูุนููุ ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ูู ู
ุดุงูู ุงูู liver ู ุงูู |
|
|
|
344 |
|
00:29:54,530 --> 00:29:57,910 |
|
boneุ ูู
ุงููู ุจูุญุฏุฏูุง ุชุฑููุฒ ุงูู ALPุ ุงูู liver ู ุงูู |
|
|
|
345 |
|
00:29:57,910 --> 00:30:02,350 |
|
boneุ ุนูู ุงูุฑุบู
ู
ู ุฃูู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู organs ุฃุฎุฑูุ ุจุชุฑููุฒ |
|
|
|
346 |
|
00:30:02,350 --> 00:30:08,780 |
|
ุนุงููุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ Specimen collectionุ ุฌู
ุน ุงูุนููุฉุ a blood |
|
|
|
347 |
|
00:30:08,780 --> 00:30:12,720 |
|
sample should be drawn after a fast of at least 8 hours. |
|
|
|
348 |
|
00:30:12,720 --> 00:30:18,140 |
|
ูุนูู ูู
ุง ุจูุนู
ู ูุญุต ุงูู ALPุ ููุถูุ ููุถู ุฃู ูุตูู
8 |
|
|
|
349 |
|
00:30:18,140 --> 00:30:22,980 |
|
ุณุงุนุงุช ูุจู ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ุงููุญุต. ุงูุนููุฉ serum ุฃู ุจูุงุฒู
ุง. ููุน ุงูู |
|
|
|
350 |
|
00:30:22,980 --> 00:30:29,480 |
|
anticoagulant ุงูู
ุณู
ูุญ ููุท ููู ูู ุงูููุจุงุฑูู. Slight |
|
|
|
351 |
|
00:30:29,480 --> 00:30:35,440 |
|
hemolysis is tolerable. ูุนูู ูู
ุง ุจูููู ุงูุนููุฉ ุฃูุช |
|
|
|
352 |
|
00:30:35,440 --> 00:30:38,220 |
|
ุดุงููุฉ ูููุง hemolysisุ ุดุงููุฉ ุฅูู ููู ุชูุณูุฑ ูู |
|
|
|
353 |
|
00:30:38,220 --> 00:30:42,060 |
|
ุงูู RBCsุ ูููู slightุ ุจุณูุท ุฃู ุฎูููุ ุจูุจููุงุ |
|
|
|
354 |
|
00:30:42,060 --> 00:30:46,200 |
|
tolerableุ ุชู
ุงู
. But gross hemolysisุ ูู ุฌุงุชูู ุนููุฉ |
|
|
|
355 |
|
00:30:46,200 --> 00:30:52,560 |
|
ุงูู RBCs ุฃุบูุจูุง ู
ูุณุฑุฉุ gross hemolysisุ gross ูุนูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
356 |
|
00:30:52,560 --> 00:30:56,360 |
|
hemolysis ูุชูุฑ ูุชูุฑ ุดุฏูุฏุ ูุฐู should be avoided. |
|
|
|
357 |
|
00:30:56,360 --> 00:31:03,190 |
|
ูุนูู ุจุฃุฑูุถ ุงูุนููุฉ ุชู
ุงู
ุงู. ุฅุฐู ุจููู
ุฅู ุงูู ALP ุฃูุถุงู |
|
|
|
358 |
|
00:31:03,190 --> 00:31:07,190 |
|
ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุฌูุฉ ุงูู RBCsุ ู
ุชููููุ ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ูู ุฃูุณุฌุฉ |
|
|
|
359 |
|
00:31:07,190 --> 00:31:10,590 |
|
ุงูุฌุณู
ุชูุฑูุจุงูุ ูุฐุง ุงูู enzyme ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ูู ุฃูุณุฌุฉ |
|
|
|
360 |
|
00:31:10,590 --> 00:31:15,570 |
|
ุงูุฌุณู
ุ ุญุชู ุงูู RBCsุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ุงูู point ุงูุฑุงุจุน ู
ู |
|
|
|
361 |
|
00:31:15,570 --> 00:31:20,190 |
|
ุงูุดุฑูุญุฉ ู
ุง ุจุฏูุง ุฅูุงู. ููุชูู ููู point ุงูุฎุงู
ุณุฉ. It is |
|
|
|
362 |
|
00:31:20,190 --> 00:31:24,630 |
|
best to analyze ALP specimens the same day they |
|
|
|
363 |
|
00:31:24,630 --> 00:31:29,290 |
|
are drawn. ููุถู ู
ุง ูุฎุฒู ุงูุนููุฉุ ูุนูู ู
ุง |
|
|
|
364 |
|
00:31:29,290 --> 00:31:32,510 |
|
ูุฎุฒู ุงูู serum ุฃู ุงูุจูุงุฒู
ุง ูู ุงูุซูุงุฌุฉ ุฃู ุจุงููุฑูุฒุฑ |
|
|
|
365 |
|
00:31:32,510 --> 00:31:36,310 |
|
ุนุดุงู ุฃุดุชุบู ุงูู ALPุ ูููุถู ูู ุงูููู
ุงููู ุจุฌู
ุน ููู |
|
|
|
366 |
|
00:31:36,310 --> 00:31:41,830 |
|
ุงูุนููุฉุ ุฃูุญุต ุงูู enzyme ุนูู ุทููุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ุงูู ALP is |
|
|
|
367 |
|
00:31:41,830 --> 00:31:46,650 |
|
inhibited by metal-complexing anticoagulants. ุฅูุด |
|
|
|
368 |
|
00:31:46,650 --> 00:31:51,730 |
|
ูุนููุ ูุนูู ุงูู EDTAุ ูุงูุฃููุฒุงููุชุ ูุงูุณุชุฑุงุชุ ูุฐู ุงูู |
|
|
|
369 |
|
00:31:51,730 --> 00:31:56,670 |
|
anticoagulants ู
ู
ููุน ุฃุณุญุจ ูููุงุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ EDTAุ |
|
|
|
370 |
|
00:31:56,670 --> 00:32:01,410 |
|
ุฃููุฒุงููุชุ ุณุชุฑุงุชุ ู
ู
ููุน ุฃุณุญุจ ูููู
. ููุดุ ูุฃู ูู ูุฐู ุงูู |
|
|
|
371 |
|
00:32:01,410 --> 00:32:07,250 |
|
anticoagulants ุจุชุดุชุบู ูู chelating agentsุ ุจุชุดุชุบู |
|
|
|
372 |
|
00:32:07,750 --> 00:32:12,830 |
|
ูุชุณุญุจ ุงูู
ุบููุณููู
ุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ุงูู
ุบููุณููู
ุงุชูููุง ูุฐุง ุงูู |
|
|
|
373 |
|
00:32:12,830 --> 00:32:18,930 |
|
co-factor ููู ALPุ ูู ุงูู
ุณุคูู ุนู ูุดุงุท ุฅูุฒูู
ุงูู ALP. |
|
|
|
374 |
|
00:32:18,930 --> 00:32:23,690 |
|
ููู ุงูุณุญุจ ุงูู
ุบููุณููู
ุ ูู ุฃูุง ูุง ุฌู
ุงุนุฉ ุนููุช ุงูุฏู
|
|
|
|
375 |
|
00:32:23,690 --> 00:32:28,010 |
|
ุจู EDTA ุฃู ุฃููุณุงููุช ุฃู ุณุชุฑุงุชุ ูุฐู ุงูู anticoagulants |
|
|
|
376 |
|
00:32:28,010 --> 00:32:31,920 |
|
ุจุชุดุชุบู chelating agentsุ ุจุชุณุญุจ ุงูู
ุบููุณููู
ุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู |
|
|
|
377 |
|
00:32:31,920 --> 00:32:35,120 |
|
ุงูู ALP ู
ุด ููุดุชุบูุ ุงูู enzyme ู
ุด ููุดุชุบู ุนูู ุงูู |
|
|
|
378 |
|
00:32:35,120 --> 00:32:39,440 |
|
substrate ุชุจุนุชูุ ูุฃู ุงูู cofactor ุชู
ุณุญุจู. ุนุดุงู ููู |
|
|
|
379 |
|
00:32:39,440 --> 00:32:44,180 |
|
ู
ู
ููุนุฉ ูุฐู ุงูู anticoagulantsุ ูุฅูู ุจุชุนู
ู inhibit ููู |
|
|
|
380 |
|
00:32:44,180 --> 00:32:50,080 |
|
enzymeุ ุจุชุซุจุท ุงูู ALP. ููู ุจุชุซุจุชูุ ู
ู ุฎูุงู ุฅููุง ุจุชุณุญุจ |
|
|
|
381 |
|
00:32:50,080 --> 00:32:55,420 |
|
ุงูู
ุบููุณููู
. ุนุดุงู ููู ู
ู
ููุน ุงูุฌู
ุน ุจูุฐู ุงูู |
|
|
|
382 |
|
00:32:55,420 --> 00:33:01,500 |
|
anticoagulants. Assay for enzyme activityุ ุจุฏูุง ูุดูู |
|
|
|
383 |
|
00:33:01,500 --> 00:33:06,740 |
|
ุงูุทุฑู ุงูู
ุณุชุฎุฏู
ุฉ ูููุงุณ ูุดุงุท ุงูู ALP. Almost all |
|
|
|
384 |
|
00:33:06,740 --> 00:33:11,520 |
|
assays for ALP employ p-nitrophenyl phosphate as |
|
|
|
385 |
|
00:33:11,520 --> 00:33:16,660 |
|
the substrate. ุชูุฑูุจุงู ูู ุงูุทุฑูุ ููู ุงูู kitsุ ุงูู |
|
|
|
386 |
|
00:33:16,660 --> 00:33:20,820 |
|
reagents ุจูุญุชูู ุนูู ุงูู substrate. ุฅูุด ูุฐู ุงูู |
|
|
|
387 |
|
00:33:20,820 --> 00:33:25,840 |
|
substrateุ ุงุณู
ูุง ุงูู p-nitrophenyl phosphate. ูุฐู |
|
|
|
388 |
|
00:33:25,840 --> 00:33:32,030 |
|
ุงูู substrate ุชุจุน ุฅูุฒูู
ุงูู ALPุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุงูุฌูุฒุกุ |
|
|
|
389 |
|
00:33:32,030 --> 00:33:35,330 |
|
ุงูุชุจููุงุ ุชุญุช ูู ุงูู reactionุ ุจุฏูุง ูุชุฎูู ููู |
|
|
|
390 |
|
|
|
445 |
|
00:38:12,190 --> 00:38:16,820 |
|
ุงูู groupุ ูู ุงูู Gamma Glutamylุ ุงูู GGT ุจูุญูููู |
|
|
|
446 |
|
00:38:16,820 --> 00:38:20,880 |
|
ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุจุชุฑููุฒ ุนุงูู ุฌุฏุงู ูู ุงูู liver |
|
|
|
447 |
|
00:38:20,880 --> 00:38:24,600 |
|
concentration in liver tissue. ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุจุชุฑููุฒ ุนุงูู |
|
|
|
448 |
|
00:38:24,600 --> 00:38:28,760 |
|
ุฌุฏุงู ูู ุงููุจุฏุ ุฃูุถุงู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูู kidneyุ ูู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู |
|
|
|
449 |
|
00:38:28,760 --> 00:38:33,260 |
|
ุงูู pancreasุ ูุฃุถูููุง ุนูููุง: ู
ูุฌูุฏ ุฃูุถุงู ูู ุงูุฎูุงูุง |
|
|
|
450 |
|
00:38:33,260 --> 00:38:39,880 |
|
ุงูุชู ุชููููู ุงูู biliary tractุ ุงููููุงุช ุงูุตูุฑุงููุฉุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ |
|
|
|
451 |
|
00:38:39,880 --> 00:38:46,680 |
|
ูู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูุฏู
ุจุงููุถุน ุงูุทุจูุนู ุจุชุฑููุฒ ูููู. ุงูู |
|
|
|
452 |
|
00:38:46,680 --> 00:38:50,520 |
|
Diagnostic Significance: ุฃูู
ูุฉ ูุญุต ุงูู GGT |
|
|
|
453 |
|
00:38:50,520 --> 00:38:54,880 |
|
Increased plasma GGT is associated with |
|
|
|
454 |
|
00:38:54,880 --> 00:38:59,980 |
|
hepatobiliary disease. ูุนูู ุงูู GGT ูุง ุฌู
ุงุนุฉ ุจูุฑุชูุน |
|
|
|
455 |
|
00:38:59,980 --> 00:39:06,260 |
|
ูู
ุง ุจูุตูุฑ ููู damageุ ุฃู ุญุตูุงุช (stones) ูู |
|
|
|
456 |
|
00:39:06,260 --> 00:39:10,100 |
|
ุงูู Biliary Tractุ ูู ุงูููุงุฉ ุงูุตูุฑุงููุฉุ ูุจุงูุชุงูู |
|
|
|
457 |
|
00:39:10,100 --> 00:39:14,300 |
|
ุงูุญุตูุงุช ุณุชุคุซุฑ ุนูู ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ูุฐู ุงูู
ูุทูุฉ. |
|
|
|
458 |
|
00:39:14,300 --> 00:39:20,020 |
|
ูุฐู ุงูุฎูุงูุง ุณุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุฅูุฑุงุฒุ ุณุชูุฑุฒ ุงูู GGT ููุจูุงุฒู
ุงุ |
|
|
|
459 |
|
00:39:20,020 --> 00:39:26,160 |
|
ุชู
ุงู
ุ Highest seen in biliary obstruction. ูู |
|
|
|
460 |
|
00:39:26,160 --> 00:39:31,460 |
|
ุญุงูุงุช ุงูุงูุณุฏุงุฏ ูู ุงููููุงุช ุงูุตูุฑุงููุฉ ุจุณุจุจ ุชูููู |
|
|
|
461 |
|
00:39:31,460 --> 00:39:35,680 |
|
stonesุ ุจูููู ูุนูู ุชุฑููุฒู ุนุงูู ุฌุฏุงู ุฌุฏุงู ุฃูุถุงู ูู |
|
|
|
462 |
|
00:39:35,680 --> 00:39:39,380 |
|
ุญุงูุงุช ุงูู Alcohol cirrhosisุ ุชููู ุงููุจุฏ ุงูุฐู |
|
|
|
463 |
|
00:39:39,380 --> 00:39:44,020 |
|
ุณุจุจู ุชูุงูู ุงููุญููุ ุฃูุถุงู ูุฑุชูุน ุงูู GGT ูู ุงูุจูุงุฒู
ุง. |
|
|
|
464 |
|
00:39:44,840 --> 00:39:50,500 |
|
ูุญุต ุงูู GGT ููุณุชุฎุฏู
ู
ุน ALBุ ูุนูู ููุฌุฑู |
|
|
|
465 |
|
00:39:50,500 --> 00:39:54,760 |
|
ุงูุงุซูุงู ู
ุนุงู to differentiate between liver and |
|
|
|
466 |
|
00:39:54,760 --> 00:39:59,420 |
|
bone diseaseุ ุนุดุงู ูู
ูุฒ ูู ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ูู ุงููุจุฏ ุฃู
|
|
|
|
467 |
|
00:39:59,420 --> 00:40:02,580 |
|
ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ูู ุงูุนุธุงู
. ุฎููููู ุฃุฑูุฒ ุนูู ูุฐู ุงูููุทุฉุ ูุฃููุง |
|
|
|
468 |
|
00:40:02,580 --> 00:40:07,660 |
|
ูุชูุฑ ู
ูู
ุฉ. ุญูููุง ุฃู ุงูู ALB ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงููุจุฏ ูู
ูุฌูุฏ |
|
|
|
469 |
|
00:40:07,660 --> 00:40:13,390 |
|
ูู ุงูุนุธุงู
ุ ููู ุงูู GGT ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงููุจุฏ ููุทุ ููุณ ู
ูุฌูุฏุงู ูู |
|
|
|
470 |
|
00:40:13,390 --> 00:40:17,570 |
|
ุงูุนุธุงู
. ูุงูุช ูู
ุง ุจุชุนู
ู ุงูุงุซููู ู
ุนุงูุ ุชุฎูู ุฅูุฌุงูู |
|
|
|
471 |
|
00:40:17,570 --> 00:40:22,530 |
|
ู
ุฑูุถุ ุนู
ูุช ูู ูุญุต ALB ู GGTุ ุงูุงุซูุงู ู
ุนุงูุ ูุทูุน ุงูุงุซูุงู |
|
|
|
472 |
|
00:40:22,530 --> 00:40:28,250 |
|
ุนุงููููู ุฌุฏุงูุ ู
ุนูุงู ุฃููุฏ ูู ุนูุฏู ู
ุดููุฉ ูู ุงููุจุฏุ ู
ุดููุฉ |
|
|
|
473 |
|
00:40:28,250 --> 00:40:31,430 |
|
ูู ุงููููุงุช ุงูุตูุฑุงููุฉุ ูููุง ุญุตูุงุช. ูู
ุง ูููู ุงูุงุซูุงู |
|
|
|
474 |
|
00:40:31,430 --> 00:40:36,190 |
|
ุนุงูููููุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ููู ุฅูุฌุงูู ู
ุฑูุถ ุขุฎุฑุ ุนู
ูุช ูู ุงูุงุซููู |
|
|
|
475 |
|
00:40:36,190 --> 00:40:41,940 |
|
ู
ุนุงูุ ุงูู ALB ูุงูู GGTุ ุทูุน ุงูู ALB ุนูุฏู ุนุงููุงูุ ููู ุงูู |
|
|
|
476 |
|
00:40:41,940 --> 00:40:48,820 |
|
GGT ุทุจูุนูุ ุฅุฐู ูุฐุง ูุคูุฏ ุฃูู ูุฏูู ู
ุดููุฉ ูู |
|
|
|
477 |
|
00:40:48,820 --> 00:40:53,040 |
|
ุงูุนุธุงู
ุ ู
ุดููุฉ ูู ุงูุนุธุงู
. ุงูู GGT ุนูุฏู ุทุจูุนูุ |
|
|
|
478 |
|
00:40:53,040 --> 00:40:57,960 |
|
ูุนูู ุงููููุงุช ุงูุตูุฑุงููุฉ ูุฏูู ุทุจูุนูุฉุ ูุงููุจุฏ ูุฏูู |
|
|
|
479 |
|
00:40:57,960 --> 00:41:03,060 |
|
ุทุจูุนู. ุฅุฐู ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงูู ALB ูุญุฏูุ ููุนุชุจุฑ indication |
|
|
|
480 |
|
00:41:03,060 --> 00:41:07,230 |
|
ุฃู ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ูู ุงูุนุธุงู
ุ ูุฃูู ูุญุฏู ู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูู bone |
|
|
|
481 |
|
00:41:07,230 --> 00:41:12,550 |
|
... ูุนูู ููุณ ุงูู GGTุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ุฅุฐุงู ูู ุนู
ูุช ุงููุญุตูู |
|
|
|
482 |
|
00:41:12,550 --> 00:41:16,690 |
|
ู
ุนุงูุ ูุงูุงุซูุงู ุทูุนุง ุนุงูููููุ ุฅุฐู ุฃููุฏ ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ูู |
|
|
|
483 |
|
00:41:16,690 --> 00:41:20,890 |
|
ุงููุจุฏ ููู ุงููููุงุช ุงูุตูุฑุงููุฉ. ูู ุนู
ูุช ุงููุญุตูู ู
ุนุงู |
|
|
|
484 |
|
00:41:20,890 --> 00:41:26,630 |
|
ูุงูู ALB ูุงู ุนุงููุงูุ ูุงูู GGT ูุงู ุทุจูุนูุงูุ ุฅุฐู ุฃููุฏ |
|
|
|
485 |
|
00:41:26,630 --> 00:41:30,490 |
|
ุงูู
ุดููุฉ ุชููู ูู ุงูู boneุ ูู ุงูุนุธู
ุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ |
|
|
|
486 |
|
00:41:32,760 --> 00:41:35,900 |
|
ุงูู "Say for enzyme activity" ุจุฏูุง ูุดูู ุงูุทุฑู |
|
|
|
487 |
|
00:41:35,900 --> 00:41:39,940 |
|
ุงูู
ุณุชุฎุฏู
ุฉ ูููุงุณ ุงูู enzyme. ูู
ุงู ูุง ุฌู
ุงุนุฉุ ููุชุงุชูุง |
|
|
|
488 |
|
00:41:39,940 --> 00:41:46,440 |
|
ุงูุชู ุชูุญุต ุงูู GGTุ ุฃูุถุงู colorimetric reactionุ ู
ุซู |
|
|
|
489 |
|
00:41:46,440 --> 00:41:50,100 |
|
ูุญุต ุงูู ALB ุชู
ุงู
ุงู. ูุฐููุ ุนูุฏู
ุง ูุนูุฏ ุฅูู ุงูุฌุงู
ุนุฉ |
|
|
|
490 |
|
00:41:50,100 --> 00:41:54,980 |
|
ุณูู ูุนู
ู ูุงุญุฏุงู ู
ููู
ุงุ ุณูุนู
ู ุฅู
ุง ALP ุฃู GGTุ ููู ู
ุง |
|
|
|
491 |
|
00:41:54,980 --> 00:41:59,280 |
|
ูู ู
ุชููุฑ ูุฏููุง ูู ุงูุฌุงู
ุนุฉ ูู ALPุ ุชู
ุงู
ุ ููู ูุฐุง ูุง |
|
|
|
492 |
|
00:41:59,280 --> 00:42:02,400 |
|
ูู
ูุน ุฃู ูุฑู ุงูุชูุงุนูุ ููู ูููู ุงูุชูุงุนูุ |
|
|
|
493 |
|
00:42:02,400 --> 00:42:06,200 |
|
ุงูุชุจููุง ุนูู ุงูุตูุฏูู ุงูุฃุฒุฑู. ููุฌูุชุ ุงูู Serum ููู
ุฑูุถ |
|
|
|
494 |
|
00:42:06,200 --> 00:42:09,940 |
|
ูุญุชูู ุนูู ุงูู GGTุ ูุญุชูู ุนูู ุงูู enzymeุ |
|
|
|
495 |
|
00:42:09,940 --> 00:42:14,280 |
|
ุชู
ุงู
ุ ูุฃูุง ุฃุฑูุฏ ูุญุต activity ููุง. ููุฌูุช ุงูู |
|
|
|
496 |
|
00:42:14,280 --> 00:42:19,440 |
|
reactionุ ูุญุชูู ุนูู ุงูู substrate ุงูุชู ุณูููุณุฑูุง ุงูู |
|
|
|
497 |
|
00:42:19,440 --> 00:42:25,200 |
|
enzyme. ุงูู substrate ูู ุงูู L-Gamma-Glutamyl-p-Nitro-anilide |
|
|
|
498 |
|
00:42:25,200 --> 00:42:32,640 |
|
ุฒุงุฆุฏ Glycyl-Glycine. ูุฐู ูููุง ุงูู |
|
|
|
499 |
|
00:42:32,640 --> 00:42:37,140 |
|
substrate ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏุฉ ูู ุงูู reagentุ ุณูุนู
ู ุนูููุง ุงูู |
|
|
|
500 |
|
00:42:37,140 --> 00:42:41,680 |
|
enzyme ุงูู
ูุฌูุฏ ูู ุงูู serumุ ูู
ุญุตูุฉ ุงูุชูุงุนู |
|
|
|
501 |
|
00:42:41,680 --> 00:42:48,280 |
|
ุณุชุนุทููู ู
ุงุฏุฉ ุชูุณู
ู ุงูู p-Nitroaniline ู ุงูู Gamma |
|
|
|
502 |
|
00:42:48,280 --> 00:42:55,350 |
|
Glutamyl Glycylglycine. ุฅุฐู ู
ุญุตูุฉ ุงูุชูุงุนู: ุฅุนุทุงุก ู
ุงุฏุฉ |
|
|
|
503 |
|
00:42:55,350 --> 00:43:01,470 |
|
ู
ูููุฉุ ุงูู p-Nitroanilineุ ูุดุฏุฉ ุงูููู ุงูุฐู ุชูููุ |
|
|
|
504 |
|
00:43:01,470 --> 00:43:06,790 |
|
ูุชูุฌุฉ ู
ุญุตูุฉ ุงูุชูุงุนูุ ุณุชุชูุงุณุจ ุชูุงุณุจุงู ุทุฑุฏูุงู ู
ุน ูุดุงุท ุงูู |
|
|
|
505 |
|
00:43:06,790 --> 00:43:12,030 |
|
enzyme ูู ุงูุนููุฉ. ูู
ุงุฏุฉ ุงูู p-Nitroaniline ุณููุฑุฃูุง |
|
|
|
506 |
|
00:43:12,030 --> 00:43:18,020 |
|
ุนูู wavelength 405 ูุงููู
ุชุฑ. ุงูู Reference Range ุนูุฏ |
|
|
|
507 |
|
00:43:18,020 --> 00:43:23,120 |
|
ุงูุฑุฌุงู ู
ู 6 ุฅูู 45 International Unit Per Literุ ุนูุฏ |
|
|
|
508 |
|
00:43:23,120 --> 00:43:28,260 |
|
ุงูุฅูุงุซ ู
ู 5 ุฅูู 30 International Unit Per Liter. ุฅุฐูุ |
|
|
|
509 |
|
00:43:28,260 --> 00:43:31,540 |
|
ุงูู
ุงุฏุฉ ุงูู
ุชูุงุนูุฉ: ุฅู ุงูุณูุฑูู
ูุญุชูู ุนูู ุงูุฅูุฒูู
|
|
|
|
510 |
|
00:43:31,540 --> 00:43:35,640 |
|
ูุงูู reagent ูุญุชูู ุนูู ุงูู substrateุ ุนูุฏู
ุง ุฃุถุนูู
ุง ู
ุนุงูุ ุงูู |
|
|
|
511 |
|
00:43:35,640 --> 00:43:39,620 |
|
enzyme ูููุณุฑ ุงูู substrate. ู
ุญุตูุฉ ุงูุชูุงุนู ู
ุงุฏุฉ |
|
|
|
512 |
|
00:43:39,620 --> 00:43:43,940 |
|
ู
ูููุฉุ ูููุณ ูุฐู ุงูู
ุงุฏุฉ ุนูู wavelength ู
ุนููุฉุ |
|
|
|
513 |
|
00:43:43,940 --> 00:43:48,160 |
|
ูุดุฏุฉ ุงูููู ุณุชุชูุงุณุจ ุชูุงุณุจุงู ุทุฑุฏูุงู ู
ุน activity ุงูู |
|
|
|
514 |
|
00:43:48,160 --> 00:43:54,240 |
|
enzyme. ูุจูุฐู ูููู ูุฏ ุฃููููุง chapter liver function |
|
|
|
515 |
|
00:43:54,240 --> 00:43:55,940 |
|
testsุ ููุนุทููู
ุฃูู ุนุงููุฉ. |
|
|