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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,690 --> 00:00:06,950
3
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุดูŠุทุงู† ุงู„ุฑุฌูŠู… ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุฅู†
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:06,950 --> 00:00:11,690
7
+ ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู†ู„ุชู‚ูŠ ู…ุนูƒู… ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ูุตู„ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ู…ุณุงู‚ ุนู„ู…
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:11,690 --> 00:00:17,470
11
+ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุตูŠ diagnostic hematology ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:17,470 --> 00:00:25,230
15
+ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ููŠ ุงู„ outlines ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุชุนู„ู‚
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:25,230 --> 00:00:29,830
19
+ ุจุชุดุฎูŠุต ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุฏู… ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฃู†
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:29,830 --> 00:00:34,590
23
+ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุงู„ุฏู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงุจุชุชู‚ุณู… ู„ู€ Three categories ุงู„ู„ูŠ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:34,590 --> 00:00:39,390
27
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆู…ุง ูŠู„ุญู‚ ุจู‡ุง ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆู…ู„ุญู‚ุงุชู‡ุง
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:39,390 --> 00:00:43,470
31
+ Coagulation disorders ูู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:43,470 --> 00:00:50,950
35
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฑุงุญ ู†ุชู†ุงูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุตู„ ุฑุงุญ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ูˆุฌุฒ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:50,950 --> 00:00:56,330
39
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ู„ุฎุต ุนู† ูƒู„ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆ ูƒู„ ู‚ุณู… ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู‚ุณุงู…
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:57,040 --> 00:01:02,760
43
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุงู‚ูŠุฉ ููŠ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:02,760 --> 00:01:06,360
47
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฑุงุญ ู†ูƒู…ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ case studies ู„ุฃู†ู‡
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:06,360 --> 00:01:10,500
51
+ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃุญูุธ ุฅูŠุด ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุฃูˆ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:10,500 --> 00:01:12,540
55
+ ุฅูŠุด ุชุนุฑูŠูู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ pathophysiology ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุฅูŠุด
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:12,540 --> 00:01:17,040
59
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุฃ ุฃู†ุง ุจูŠู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุฃุดูˆู result ุฃุนุฑู
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:17,040 --> 00:01:22,060
63
+ ุฃู‚ุฑุฃู‡ุง ูˆุฃุนุฑู ุฃุฑุจุท ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆุฃุณุชู†ุชุฌ ุฅูŠุด
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:22,060 --> 00:01:25,380
67
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุตุงุญุจุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ result
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:25,790 --> 00:01:29,330
71
+ ุฅูŠุด ู…ู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠ ุฃุทู„ุจ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ููŠู…ุง ุจุนุฏ ุฃูˆ ุฅูŠุด ู…ู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠ ุฃุฏูˆุฑ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:29,330 --> 00:01:32,370
75
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุนุดุงู† ุฃุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ results ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:32,370 --> 00:01:36,270
79
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ ุฑุงุญ ู†ู†ุงู‚ุดู‡ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠู‡
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:36,270 --> 00:01:37,690
83
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ู†ุดุฑุญู‡ ุจุนุฏ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:53,930 --> 00:01:58,290
87
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Alpha ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:58,290 --> 00:02:04,050
91
+ Beta-H-chain ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† hypochromic
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:04,050 --> 00:02:08,310
95
+ microcytic cells ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:08,310 --> 00:02:13,450
99
+ target cells ููŠู‡ุง genetic mutation specified by
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:13,450 --> 00:02:16,530
103
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ mutation ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Beta-H-chain
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:16,790 --> 00:02:19,350
107
+ ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Alpha Chain ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู€
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:19,350 --> 00:02:22,410
111
+ Beta Chain ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ู€ Beta Chain ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง Beta
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:22,410 --> 00:02:25,410
115
+ -thalassemia ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุดุงุฆุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู†ุงู† ูˆููŠ ุฅูŠุทุงู„ูŠุง ุฅุฐุง
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:25,410 --> 00:02:27,890
119
+ ูƒุงู† ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Alpha Chain ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง Alpha
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:27,890 --> 00:02:31,510
123
+ -thalassemia ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:31,510 --> 00:02:35,610
127
+ Molecule Hemoglobin Molecule ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฅุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† Chain
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:35,610 --> 00:02:40,110
131
+ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ูŠู… ุฅุฌุฑูˆุจู‡ูŠ Hemoglobin chain ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ูŠ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:40,110 --> 00:02:44,430
135
+ Hemoglobin molecule ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู‡ูŠ Hem Hem
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:44,430 --> 00:02:48,750
139
+ Hem ุฃุฑุจุน Hem ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ globin ุงู„ globin ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:48,750 --> 00:02:52,130
143
+ two alpha ูˆ two beta chain ููŠ ุงู„ adult ุงู„ normal
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:52,130 --> 00:02:58,650
147
+ ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ 97% ู…ู† ุงู„ hemoglobin Hemoglobin Aุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:58,650 --> 00:03:03,030
151
+ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ู…ู† Hemoglobin A2 ุจุชุดูƒู„ 2% A2 ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† 2
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:03,030 --> 00:03:07,590
155
+ Alpha ู…ุน 2 Delta Hemoglobin F ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ุณุจุฉ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:07,590 --> 00:03:12,130
159
+ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 1% ุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ ุชู†ุชูŠู† Gamma ูˆุชู†ุชูŠู† Alpha
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:12,130 --> 00:03:14,970
163
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจูŠุดุชุฑูƒูˆุง ููŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ Alpha ุงุชุดุงู† ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:14,970 --> 00:03:15,610
167
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:56,960 --> 00:05:01,040
171
+ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† lethal ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู†
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:05:01,040 --> 00:05:06,280
175
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ transfusion ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:05:06,280 --> 00:05:11,580
179
+ ุนุงูŠุดูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ blood transfusion ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃูŠ symptoms
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:05:11,580 --> 00:05:14,640
183
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนุงูŠุดูŠู† ุญูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุชู‡ู… ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูˆุฏู‡ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:05:14,640 --> 00:05:18,580
187
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงุชุฃุซุฑุช ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ chains
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:05:18,580 --> 00:05:22,580
191
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงุชุฃุซุฑุช ููŠ ุงู„ hemoglobin ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ majorุงู„ู€
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:05:22,580 --> 00:05:26,420
195
+ major ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฎู„ู„ ูƒู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:05:26,420 --> 00:05:29,460
199
+ chain ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด Alpha ูˆู„ุง ููŠู‡ Beta ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ู…ุงููŠุด
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:29,460 --> 00:05:32,580
203
+ Beta ุฎุงู„ุต ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ hemoglobin ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู…ุด ุฑุงุญ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:32,580 --> 00:05:36,240
207
+ ูŠุชุตู†ุน ุงู„ู€ alpha chain ู„ู„ู€ hemoglobinุงู„ู€ Minor
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:36,240 --> 00:05:41,260
211
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ Alpha ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:41,260 --> 00:05:47,560
215
+ Beta ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู†ูุณ ุจุณูŠุท ููŠ ู†ู‚ุต ู…ุนูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุจุณูŠุท
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:47,560 --> 00:05:51,640
219
+ ููŠ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฎู„ู„
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:51,640 --> 00:05:56,940
223
+ ููŠ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ู€ Beta Chain ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงู‡ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:56,940 --> 00:05:59,840
227
+ ู„ู„ู€ Beta-thalassemia majorุŒ homozygous ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:59,840 --> 00:06:03,700
231
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Beta-charritin ุชุงู† ุงู„ู€ gene ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุถุงุฑุจุŒ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:06:03,700 --> 00:06:07,260
235
+ ุฎุฑุจุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ Beta-chain ุฎุงู„ุต ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:07,260 --> 00:06:11,280
239
+ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏูˆุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุนู„ู‰ blood transfusion ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:11,280 --> 00:06:14,800
243
+ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ุจุชุตูŠุฑ rigid ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง hen's body ู‡ุฐู‡
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:14,800 --> 00:06:17,540
247
+ ุงู„ู€ hen's body ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุฃุฌุช ู…ู† ุชุฑุงูƒู… ุงู„ู€ Alpha-chain
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:17,540 --> 00:06:22,590
251
+ ู„ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุจู‚ุฏู‘ูŠ ู„ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:22,590 --> 00:06:26,190
255
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุจุชูˆุถู‘ุญ ุชุฑุงูƒู… ุงู„ู€ hens
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:26,190 --> 00:06:31,670
259
+ bodies ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุทุจุนุง ุฃูŠ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ุง hens body ุญุชู‰
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:31,670 --> 00:06:38,410
263
+ ุชุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุงูƒุฑูˆูุงุฌ ูˆุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:38,410 --> 00:06:42,430
267
+ ุงู„ lab finding ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ severe anemia ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:42,430 --> 00:06:46,570
271
+ target cells ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑุจู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ู€ Nucleated RBCs
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:46,570 --> 00:06:49,730
275
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนูˆุฏ ูุจู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ู€
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:49,730 --> 00:06:52,950
279
+ Nucleated RBCs ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€ reticulocyte ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:52,950 --> 00:06:56,910
283
+ ู‡ูŠู‡ุฏ ุงู„ู€ Nucleated RBCs ุฅุฐุง ูุงูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ุง ุจู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ู€
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:56,910 --> 00:06:59,490
287
+ Inclusion Bodies ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Basophilic Stippling ุงู„ู„ูŠ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:59,490 --> 00:07:02,850
291
+ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู†ู‚ุงุท ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑูŠุจูˆุฒูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ RNA ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:02,850 --> 00:07:07,290
295
+ ู…ุงุจู„ู‚ู‚ูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฎุงู„ุต Hemoglobin A ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง ุชู… ุงุณุชูŠุนุงุถู‡
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:07,290 --> 00:07:10,590
299
+ ุจุงู„ู€ Gamma Channel Beta Channel ุถุฑุจุช ุชุตู†ุน ุจุฏู„ู‡ุง
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:10,590 --> 00:07:15,360
303
+ Gamma Channel ูˆุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… Hemoglobin Fุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:15,360 --> 00:07:19,880
307
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:19,880 --> 00:07:23,980
311
+ ุนู„ุงุฌู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ Transfusion ุงุณู…ู‡ Linectomy-oil
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:23,980 --> 00:07:28,980
315
+ -chelating agent ู‡ุงูŠ Blood Film ููŠู‡ Nucleated RBC
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:28,980 --> 00:07:34,340
319
+ ููŠุจู†ู‡ุงูŠู…ุฑ Bodies ููŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ู‚ุดุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุทูŠูุฉ ู…ู‚ุดุฑ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:34,340 --> 00:07:39,600
323
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ RBC ุนุซูŠุฉ ูˆูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:39,600 --> 00:07:44,370
327
+ Blood Transfusionุชู…ุงู… hypercellular bone marrow
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:44,370 --> 00:07:48,630
331
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:48,630 --> 00:07:54,390
335
+ ู„ู„ู€ Beta-thalassemia minor ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ beta
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:54,390 --> 00:07:58,370
339
+ chain ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:58,370 --> 00:08:02,670
343
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู„ beta chain ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:02,670 --> 00:08:06,370
347
+ ุงู†ุนุฏุงู…ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ blood picture ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุดุฎุต
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:06,370 --> 00:08:10,370
351
+ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆุญุชู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ุฏูˆุฑ ุญุงู„ู‡ ุงูˆ ู…ุงุดูƒุด ุงู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:10,370 --> 00:08:13,490
355
+ beta-thalassemia ูˆุฑุงุญ ุฏูˆุฑ ุญุงู„ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุงูŠุนุฑูุดุŒ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:13,490 --> 00:08:17,590
359
+ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง mild ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ target cellุŒ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:17,590 --> 00:08:20,710
363
+ ู…ุงุจู„ุงู‚ูŠุด ุงู„ู€ nucleated RBCs ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุดูˆู basophilic
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:20,710 --> 00:08:24,730
367
+ stipplingุŒ hence bodies ู…ุงููŠุดุŒ serum iron ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:24,730 --> 00:08:30,830
371
+ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ ุญู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ hemoglobin A ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:30,830 --> 00:08:35,240
375
+ ู„ู„ู€ alpha-thalassemiaุงู„ุฃู„ูุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:35,240 --> 00:08:40,220
379
+ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:40,220 --> 00:08:45,020
383
+ Alpha Chain ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุถุงุฑุจูŠู†
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:45,020 --> 00:08:49,220
387
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง Alpha Chain ุฎุงู„ุต ุจุชุชุตู†ุน ุทุจุนุง
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:49,220 --> 00:08:54,360
391
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุดุฃ ุทูู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู…ูˆุช Hydrops Fetalis
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:54,360 --> 00:08:59,660
395
+ ู…ุงุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด ูŠูƒู…ู„ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง Alpha Thalassemia Major
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:59,660 --> 00:09:04,960
399
+ Hemozygous ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง Alpha Chainุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:04,960 --> 00:09:09,260
403
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Alpha-thalassemia intermediate ุงู„ู€
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:09,260 --> 00:09:13,180
407
+ Alpha-thalassemia intermediate ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:13,180 --> 00:09:16,380
411
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู†ุงุช ุงุชุฃุซุฑูˆุง ุฃูˆ ุตุงุฑู„ู‡ู… deletion ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:16,380 --> 00:09:20,480
415
+ moderate decrease in Alpha-chain synthesis ุทุจุนุงู‹
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:20,480 --> 00:09:24,420
419
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Beta-chain ุจู†ุดุฃ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฃู†ุต stable
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:24,420 --> 00:09:26,920
423
+ hemoglobin H ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ Beta-chain
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:26,920 --> 00:09:33,150
427
+ ูˆุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุชุฑุณูŠุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ hen's bodyุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:33,150 --> 00:09:37,210
431
+ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ูˆุถูˆุน ุชู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:37,210 --> 00:09:41,370
435
+ minor ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง dilation ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู†
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:41,370 --> 00:09:45,770
439
+ ุงู„ู€ alpha chain ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ major ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:45,770 --> 00:09:49,430
443
+ intermediate ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:49,430 --> 00:09:52,870
447
+ slight decrease in alpha chain production mild or
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:52,870 --> 00:09:56,010
451
+ no anemia ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ target cells
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:56,290 --> 00:10:00,430
455
+ Essentially Normal Electrophoresis ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุง ู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:00,430 --> 00:10:03,490
459
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡ุง diagnosis ูˆุชุนุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:03,490 --> 00:10:05,970
463
+ Electrophoresis ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ Normal ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Normal
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:05,970 --> 00:10:08,750
467
+ Electrophoresis ุงู„ Beta-thalassemia major ู„ุฃู†
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:08,750 --> 00:10:12,470
471
+ ู‡ู…ูˆุฌู„ุจ ุงู„ F ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฑุชูุน Beta-thalassemia minor
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:12,470 --> 00:10:15,830
475
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุดูˆูŠุฉ ููŠ ู‡ู…ูˆุฌู„ุจ ุงู„ A2 ุงู„ Alpha
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:15,830 --> 00:10:19,670
479
+ -thalassemia ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ Alpha-thalassemia
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:19,670 --> 00:10:23,710
483
+ major ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ complete absence ู„ู„
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:25,340 --> 00:10:28,380
487
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ุจูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุชูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุชูŠ ุจุงุฑุฏ ุจุงุฑุฏ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:28,380 --> 00:10:33,580
491
+ ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุจุงุฑุฏ ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ุจูŠู† ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุนู†
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:33,580 --> 00:10:37,100
495
+ hydrophs fetalis ุจุณ ุงู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงู‚ูˆู„ูƒู… ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:37,100 --> 00:10:39,640
499
+ alpha-thalassemia intermediate ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ alpha
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:39,640 --> 00:10:42,700
503
+ -thalassemia minor ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ electrophoresis ู„ุฅู„ู‡ุง
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:42,700 --> 00:10:44,720
507
+ ุฒูŠ ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ normal electrophoresis
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:47,960 --> 00:10:51,840
511
+ ุจุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูˆุฑุฌูŠูƒู… ู†ุณุจ ุงู„ู€
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:51,840 --> 00:10:54,500
515
+ Hemoglobin ููŠ ูƒู„ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ Beta
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:54,500 --> 00:10:57,940
519
+ -thalassemia ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ homozygous ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:57,940 --> 00:11:02,560
523
+ Hemoglobin F ู…ู† 40 ุฅู„ู‰ 90% ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Beta-thalassemia
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:02,560 --> 00:11:07,760
527
+ minor ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ Hemoglobin A2 ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจุณ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุด
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:07,760 --> 00:11:14,240
531
+ ู‡ูŠุฑุชูุน ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† 3.5 ุฅู„ู‰ 7% Hemoglobin F ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:14,240 --> 00:11:16,320
535
+ normal ููŠ 50% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:19,280 --> 00:11:22,520
539
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Alpha-thalassemia ุงู„ู€ homozygous ุงู„ู€
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:22,520 --> 00:11:26,860
543
+ major ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ hemoglobin parts ุจุดูƒู„ 80% ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cord
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:26,860 --> 00:11:32,530
547
+ bloodุทุจุนุง ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ Intermediate ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:32,530 --> 00:11:37,190
551
+ Hemoglobin H ู†ุณุจุชู‡ ู…ู† 4 ุฅู„ู‰ 30% unstable or non
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:37,190 --> 00:11:39,730
555
+ -functional ุจุณูŠุฑูˆุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ Alpha-thalassemia
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:39,730 --> 00:11:43,730
559
+ heterozygous ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง Hemoglobin parts ู…ู† 1 ุฅู„ู‰
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:43,730 --> 00:11:48,610
563
+ 10% ููŠ ุงู„ cord blood ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฏู„ ุทุจุนุง Hemoglobin H
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:48,610 --> 00:11:52,770
567
+ ู†ุงุฏุฑ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู…ุง ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ cord bloodูˆุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin A
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:52,770 --> 00:11:55,710
571
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ slight decrease ูˆ ุงู„ุจู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงู…ูŠุฉ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:55,710 --> 00:11:58,490
575
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ profile ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ูˆ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ normal
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:58,490 --> 00:12:03,750
579
+ Hemoglobin Electro ููŠ ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:03,750 --> 00:12:08,250
583
+ ู‡ู†ุง
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:08,250 --> 00:12:11,530
587
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„ู„ูŠ differential diagnosis ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:11,530 --> 00:12:16,710
591
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู€microcytic anemia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ beta
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:16,710 --> 00:12:19,050
595
+ -thalassemia ูˆ ุงู„ alpha-thalassemia ุงู„
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:19,050 --> 00:12:24,150
599
+ cideroplastic ูˆ ุงู„ iron deficiencyู‡ู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ู…ุด ุฐุงูƒุฑ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:24,150 --> 00:12:27,390
603
+ ุงู„ู€ CPC ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ CPC ุฃู†ุง ุจู„ุฒู…ู†ูŠ ุจุณ ุนุดุงู† ุฃูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:27,390 --> 00:12:31,310
607
+ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ู€ Iron deficiency ุชู…ุงู… ุงู„ู€ CPC
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:31,310 --> 00:12:34,970
611
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ blood indices ูˆุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:34,970 --> 00:12:40,310
615
+ ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ุฉ ููŠู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุฅู„ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ุงุช ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:40,310 --> 00:12:46,450
619
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Iron
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:46,450 --> 00:12:52,670
623
+ deficiency anemia serum iron level ู‡ูŠู†ู‚ุตุจุฏูŠู‡ูŠ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:52,670 --> 00:12:56,590
627
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆุงู„ู€ Total Iron Binding Capacity ู‡ุชุฒูŠุฏ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:56,590 --> 00:13:00,550
631
+ ูˆุงู„ููŠุฑูŠุชูŠู† ู‡ูŠู†ู‚ุต ุนูƒุณู‡ุง ุชู…ุงู…ุง ุงู„ู€ Cedroplastic
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:00,550 --> 00:13:04,630
635
+ Anemia ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ู€ Total Iron Binding
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:04,630 --> 00:13:10,850
639
+ Capacity ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ููŠุฑูŠุชูŠู† ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:10,850 --> 00:13:14,270
643
+ ู…ุงู„ู‡ุงุด ุฏุนูˆุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู€ Hemoglobin
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:14,270 --> 00:13:16,790
647
+ Electrophoresis ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Iron Deficiency Anemia
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:16,790 --> 00:13:20,830
651
+ ู…ุงููŠุด ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† NormalููŠ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:20,830 --> 00:13:24,090
655
+ ุงู„ู€ Beta-thalassemia ุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ Hemoglobin A2
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:24,090 --> 00:13:27,310
659
+ Alpha-thalassemia Hemoglobin A2 ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† normal ููŠ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:27,310 --> 00:13:29,590
663
+ ุงู„ุณุฏุฑ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† normal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูˆูŠู†
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:29,590 --> 00:13:33,590
667
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Beta-thalassemia ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุดูŠุงุก
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:33,590 --> 00:13:37,450
671
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุดุฑุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุจู‚ูŠุงุณ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:37,450 --> 00:13:40,310
675
+ Basophilic Stabling ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจุชูˆุฌุฏุด ููŠ ุงู„ู€Iron ููŠ ุดู†ุตูŠ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:40,310 --> 00:13:43,290
679
+ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูˆุฌุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูุจู†ู‡ุงูŠ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:43,290 --> 00:13:48,070
683
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฌูŠุฒูŠ ู„ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุจุบู„ุจูˆู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุงู„ุตุญูŠุญ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:48,560 --> 00:13:52,060
687
+ ูˆู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… cases ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆู†ุทุจู‚ ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:52,060 --> 00:13:54,780
691
+ ุงู„ู€ Iron deficient cyanemia ูˆุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ุฎุงุตุฉ ุทุจุนุง
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:54,780 --> 00:13:58,420
695
+ ุงู„ู€ Thalassemia trait ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุจุฏูŠ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:58,420 --> 00:14:02,840
699
+ ุฃู„ุงุญุธ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุดูˆู ุงู„ู…ู†ุฐุฑ index
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:02,840 --> 00:14:08,620
703
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุงุฏุฉ MCV ุนู„ู‰ RBCs ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 13 ููŠ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:08,620 --> 00:14:14,120
707
+ ุงุญู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุด ุซุงุจุชุฉ ู…ุนู‡ุง ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุชูŠุฑูŠุง
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:14,120 --> 00:14:18,590
711
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุงูุจู†ุถุทุฑ ู†ุถูŠู ูุญุตุงุช ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุนู…ู„
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:18,590 --> 00:14:22,630
715
+ Hemoglobin A2 and so on ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€CBC ู„ูˆุญุฏู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:22,630 --> 00:14:25,630
719
+ ู…ุงุจูŠุนุทู†ุงุด diagnosis ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ู„ู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ู€Iron
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:25,630 --> 00:14:28,350
723
+ Deficiency ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ูˆููŠ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:28,350 --> 00:14:32,550
727
+ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู† ุจูŠู† ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู„ุฌุฃ ู„ู‡emoglobin A2 ุฃูˆ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:32,550 --> 00:14:35,310
731
+ Hemoglobin A2 ุฃูˆ ูุญุต ุงู„ู€electrophoresis ุนุดุงู†
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:35,310 --> 00:14:40,950
735
+ ู†ู…ูŠุฒู‡ู… ุนู† ุจุนุถ ุทูŠุจ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู€RBCs ุงู„ู€RBCs ู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุงุฏุณุฉ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:40,950 --> 00:14:44,700
739
+ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุดุŸุจุฃู† ุงู„ู€ bone marrow
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:44,700 --> 00:14:48,100
743
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† hypercellular ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:48,100 --> 00:14:52,460
747
+ ููŠู‡ ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ RBCs ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ุงู
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:52,460 --> 00:14:54,960
751
+ ุงู„ู€ Iron deficiency ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ููŠู‡ุง
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:54,960 --> 00:14:58,840
755
+ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Thalassemia ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ RBCs ููŠู‡ุง ููˆู‚
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:58,840 --> 00:15:01,920
759
+ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ Iron deficiency ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฃูˆ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:01,920 --> 00:15:08,230
763
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุฃุฑุจุน ูƒู…ุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ MCV ุนุงุฏุฉุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 70 ููŠ ุงู„ู€
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:08,230 --> 00:15:10,470
767
+ Thalassemia trait ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 70 ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Iron
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:10,470 --> 00:15:12,310
771
+ deficiency anemia ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏ ู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Iron
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:12,310 --> 00:15:15,250
775
+ deficiency anemia ูˆุฅู† ูƒุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู†ู‚ุต ุนู† 70 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:15,250 --> 00:15:20,250
779
+ ุญุงู„ุชู‡ุง ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ Iron deficiency ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 70 Red
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:20,250 --> 00:15:23,270
783
+ distribution with RDW ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Iron deficiency
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:23,270 --> 00:15:27,930
787
+ anemia ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุนุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฏ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ RDW ุงู„ู€
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:27,930 --> 00:15:33,440
791
+ RDW ู‡ูˆ ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ู€ variation ุจูŠู† ุฃุญุฌุงู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:33,440 --> 00:15:37,420
795
+ ุงู„ู€ variation ุจูŠู† ุฃุญุฌุงู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:37,420 --> 00:15:40,600
799
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูƒุงู… population ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ Iron
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:40,600 --> 00:15:44,500
803
+ deficiency ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุด ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒู… ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุชู…ุฑ ุจู…ุฑุงุญู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:44,500 --> 00:15:47,480
807
+ stage 1 ูˆ stage 2 ูˆ stage 3 ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุด ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูƒู„
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:47,480 --> 00:15:52,480
811
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ stage ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู†ู‚ุต ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆููŠ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:52,480 --> 00:15:56,220
815
+ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู„ุณู‡ ูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ูˆุนู…ุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง 120 ูŠูˆู… ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:56,220 --> 00:15:58,540
819
+ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุชุจุงูŠู† ููŠ ุฃุญุฌุงู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Iron
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:58,540 --> 00:16:02,340
823
+ deficiency ุจุฑุชูุน ุงู„ู€ RDWุจูŠู†ู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:02,340 --> 00:16:07,500
827
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฒูŠ ุจุนุถ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ RDW ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:07,500 --> 00:16:13,620
831
+ 17% ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู‡ูƒ ูˆ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:13,620 --> 00:16:18,080
835
+ ู‡ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุฌูŠุจ ุนู„ุงู‚ุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:18,080 --> 00:16:22,760
839
+ CPC ู†ุฑุจุท ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช Iron
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:16:22,760 --> 00:16:25,120
843
+ deficiency anemia ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:16:25,120 --> 00:16:29,500
847
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู‡ู… ู„ุฃู† ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชุฏุงุฎู„ูˆู…ุงุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:29,500 --> 00:16:32,080
851
+ ู…ุงุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠุด ุฎุท ูุงุตู„ ู‡ูŠ ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆู„ุง iron deficiency
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:16:32,080 --> 00:16:35,700
855
+ ุงู†ู…ูŠุง ูุจู†ุตูŠุฑ ู†ุฑุฌุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ criteria
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:16:35,700 --> 00:16:40,500
859
+ ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู„ูƒู† ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ RDW ุนุงู„ูŠ ุทุจ ุงูŠุด
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:40,500 --> 00:16:44,400
863
+ ู‡ูŠุŸ ุทุจ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุฏุฎู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุท ุงู„ iron
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:44,400 --> 00:16:47,380
867
+ deficiency ุตุงุฑุช ุซู„ุงุซูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ iron deficiency
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:47,380 --> 00:16:50,780
871
+ ุงู†ู…ูŠุง ูุจุชุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ diagnosis ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดุงุฆู‚
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:50,780 --> 00:16:56,770
875
+ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ูˆุจูŠุบู„ุจ ูˆุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ู‡ูƒ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:56,770 --> 00:17:02,150
879
+ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุญุณุจ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:02,150 --> 00:17:05,290
883
+ ุงู„ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠุงู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:05,290 --> 00:17:10,910
887
+ microcytic hypochromic microcytic normochromic ูˆ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:10,910 --> 00:17:15,830
891
+ normocytic normochromic ู‡ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู†ุจู„ุด ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:17:15,830 --> 00:17:21,790
895
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ macrocytic normochromic anemiaููŠ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:17:21,790 --> 00:17:25,530
899
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู blood film ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:17:25,530 --> 00:17:30,910
903
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง macrocytic ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจู†ูˆุนุงุช ุงู„
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:17:30,910 --> 00:17:34,330
907
+ small lymphocyte ู…ู„ุงุญุธูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ blood film ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:34,330 --> 00:17:41,110
911
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:41,110 --> 00:17:45,030
915
+ macrocytic anemia ุจุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู†ูˆุน
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:45,030 --> 00:17:49,710
919
+ megaloplastic anemia ูˆู†ูˆุน non megaloplastic anemia
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:50,450 --> 00:17:56,050
923
+ ุงู„ู€ megaloplastic anemia ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุณุจุจ ู†ู‚ุต ุฅู…ุง
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:56,050 --> 00:18:00,770
927
+ ุงู„ู€ vitamin B12 ุฃูˆ ุงู„ููˆู„ุงุช ุฃูˆ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:18:00,770 --> 00:18:05,690
931
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุชุงุจูˆู„ูŠุฒู… ู„ุฅู„ู‡๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงู„ู€ vitamin B12 ูˆ ุงู„ููˆู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:18:05,690 --> 00:18:08,510
935
+ non megaloplastic anemia ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุด ุจุณุจุจ ู†ู‚ุต ู‡ุฐู‡
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:18:08,510 --> 00:18:13,950
939
+ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุณุจุจ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ liver
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:18:13,950 --> 00:18:19,320
943
+ disease ุฒูŠ ุงู„ alcoholismPost splenectomy ุฒูŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:18:19,320 --> 00:18:22,120
947
+ neonatal macrocytosis ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ reticulocyte ุจุชูƒูˆู†
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:18:22,120 --> 00:18:25,880
951
+ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… stress arthritis ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุณุจุจ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:18:25,880 --> 00:18:31,740
955
+ reticulocyte ุงู„ู…ูŠุฌุงู„ูˆ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ู…ูŠุฌุงู„ูˆ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:18:31,740 --> 00:18:37,300
959
+ ุจู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุณุจุจ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:18:37,300 --> 00:18:41,460
963
+ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงู„ vitamin B12 ุฃูˆ ุงู„ููˆู„ูƒ ุฃุณุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:18:41,460 --> 00:18:48,260
967
+ ุงู„ููˆู„ุงุช ุทุจุนุง ู†ู‚ุต ุฃุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:18:48,260 --> 00:18:53,140
971
+ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:18:53,140 --> 00:18:58,920
975
+ ุนุงุฑููŠู† Vitamin B12 ูˆุงู„ููˆู„ุงุช ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู‡ู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:18:58,920 --> 00:19:03,340
979
+ DNA synthesis ูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆุง ูƒ coenzymes ููŠ ุงู„ DNA
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:19:03,340 --> 00:19:08,440
983
+ synthesis ูุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠู‡ู… ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุฎู„ู„
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:19:08,440 --> 00:19:14,290
987
+ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠูŠุนู†ูŠ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:19:14,290 --> 00:19:19,110
991
+ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุชูƒุจุฑ ู„ูƒู† ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:19:19,110 --> 00:19:23,410
995
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ู„ุงู†ู‚ุณู…ู‡ุง ู„ู† ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ู†
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:19:23,410 --> 00:19:26,470
999
+ ู†ู‚ุณู… ุงู„ู€ cytoplasm ุจุนุฏ ุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุชุทุฑุฏ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:19:26,470 --> 00:19:30,210
1003
+ ุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ูˆูŠุธู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠ cytoplasm double ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:19:30,210 --> 00:19:33,510
1007
+ cytoplasm ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงู†ู‚ุณู… ุจุณ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:19:33,510 --> 00:19:38,210
1011
+ ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑุชุด ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑุด ุงู„ู€ cytoplasm ูŠู†ู‚ุณู… ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:19:38,210 --> 00:19:43,530
1015
+ ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง megaloplastic maturationุงู„ู†ูˆุน
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:19:43,530 --> 00:19:49,270
1019
+ ุจุชูƒุจุฑ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€Hash
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:19:49,270 --> 00:19:52,050
1023
+ ุงู†ู‚ุณู… ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€Cytoplasm ู…ุงุจู†ู‚ุณู… ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:19:52,050 --> 00:19:58,570
1027
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡ Enlarged Fragile
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:19:58,570 --> 00:20:04,690
1031
+ Cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุดุฉ ูˆุถุนูŠูุฉ ู…ุนุธู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:20:04,690 --> 00:20:07,910
1035
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠู…ูˆุช ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุฑู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ูŠุทู„ุน
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:20:07,910 --> 00:20:11,280
1039
+ ุงู„ู€Peripheral Bloodู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† non
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:20:11,280 --> 00:20:14,100
1043
+ -functional ูˆ fragile ูุจุชู… ุงู„ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ bone
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:20:14,100 --> 00:20:20,460
1047
+ marrow ุฃูˆ ุจุชุชูƒุณุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrow ุทุจุนุง ุณูˆุงุก ุงู„
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:20:20,460 --> 00:20:23,600
1051
+ vitamin B12 ุฃูˆ ุงู„ folic acid deficiency ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู†
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:20:23,600 --> 00:20:27,760
1055
+ ุจูŠุนุทูˆู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ blood picture ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูˆู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:20:27,760 --> 00:20:32,140
1059
+ blood film ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ CBCููŠ ุงู„ู€ Vitamin B12
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:20:32,140 --> 00:20:36,520
1063
+ deficiency ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:20:36,520 --> 00:20:43,000
1067
+ ุจุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุฃุนุตุงุจ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุจุนุถ ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุฒูŠ ุชู†ู…ูŠู„ ูˆุฎุฏู„ุงู†
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:20:43,000 --> 00:20:47,520
1071
+ ูˆุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุทุจุนุง ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ nervousness ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:20:47,520 --> 00:20:51,060
1075
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ megaloplastic anemia ู…ุตุงุญุจุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:20:51,060 --> 00:20:59,060
1079
+ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุจู†ุดูƒ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ Vitamin B12 ุทุจุนุง ู„ุฃู†ู„ูˆ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:20:59,060 --> 00:21:03,040
1083
+ ุงุฌูŠู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู†ู‚ุงุฑู† ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ maturation series ููŠ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:21:03,040 --> 00:21:07,120
1087
+ ุงู„ู€ normal ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ normal plastic maturation ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:21:07,120 --> 00:21:11,040
1091
+ ุจุงู„ู€ megaloplastic maturation ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:21:11,040 --> 00:21:15,080
1095
+ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุณุชู…ุฑ ุจุชุธู„ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:21:15,080 --> 00:21:19,460
1099
+ ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชุฎุฑุฌ ู„ู„ู€ peripheral blood ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:21:19,460 --> 00:21:22,400
1103
+ microcytic ุทุจุนุง ุดูˆูู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ microcytic anemia
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:21:22,400 --> 00:21:25,720
1107
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‰ microcytic cells
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:21:28,360 --> 00:21:32,680
1111
+ ุงู„ุงู† ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู„ lab finding ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุงู„ plastic anemia
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:21:32,680 --> 00:21:37,060
1115
+ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุจุชุจูŠู† ูู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ mild to
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:21:37,060 --> 00:21:42,840
1119
+ severe anemia ุจุฅูŠุด ุจุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ MCV
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:21:42,840 --> 00:21:48,020
1123
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุงู„ู‰ ุงู„ MCV ุนุงู„ู‰ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุฏู‡ ุญุฌู…
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:21:48,020 --> 00:21:56,240
1127
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงู„ MCH ุนุงู„ู‰ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ MCHC ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:21:56,240 --> 00:22:03,270
1131
+ normalุทูŠุจ ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ู€ MCH ุนุงู„ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ MCHC normal ุทุจุนุง
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:22:03,270 --> 00:22:09,110
1135
+ ุงู„ู€ MCV ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒุจุฑ ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ู…ุญุชูˆู‰
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:22:09,110 --> 00:22:13,770
1139
+ ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุฐุง ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ู€ MCH ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:22:13,770 --> 00:22:18,290
1143
+ ุนู† ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูุจุฏูŠู‡ูŠ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:22:18,290 --> 00:22:22,150
1147
+ ุทุงู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุจุฑุช ู‡ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฌู„ูˆุจูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:22:22,150 --> 00:22:27,610
1151
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ MCH ู‡ูŠุฒูŠุฏู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ MCHC ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:22:27,610 --> 00:22:31,510
1155
+ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนุจุฑ ุนู† ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:22:31,510 --> 00:22:35,610
1159
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin ุตุญ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุฒู†ุชู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู†
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:22:35,610 --> 00:22:40,170
1163
+ ู…ุชู†ุงุณุจ ู…ุน ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€ MCHC
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:22:40,170 --> 00:22:42,990
1167
+ ุจู†ุฌูŠุจ ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ูˆุฒู†ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin ูˆุญุฌู…
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:22:42,990 --> 00:22:48,730
1171
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุทุงู„ู…ุง ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ูƒุชุฑูˆุง ุงู„ู€ MCHZ ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:22:48,730 --> 00:22:54,160
1175
+ MCVZ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ MCHC Normal ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุตู†ูู†ุงู‡ุงุฅู†ู‡ุง
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:22:54,160 --> 00:23:00,620
1179
+ normochromic ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง normochromic ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:23:00,620 --> 00:23:04,800
1183
+ parameters ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ RBCs ุงู„ hemoglobin ุงู„ white
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:23:04,800 --> 00:23:08,540
1187
+ bcs ุงู„ุจู„ุงูŠุงุช let's count ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู„ูˆ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:23:08,540 --> 00:23:13,000
1191
+ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุตู†ุน ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:23:13,000 --> 00:23:17,700
1195
+ fragile cells ุณู‡ู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ุชุชูƒุณุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู…ุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุฃูŠ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:23:17,700 --> 00:23:22,140
1199
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ radiculocyte count ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:23:24,460 --> 00:23:27,780
1203
+ Macrocytic Ovalocyte and Teardrops ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุดูŠุงุก
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:23:27,780 --> 00:23:30,480
1207
+ ุจุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Peripheral Blood ุจุดูˆู Ovalocyte
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:23:30,480 --> 00:23:35,620
1211
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุดูˆู ุงู„ู€ Teardrop ุทุจุนุงู‹ Marked in Esocytosis
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:23:35,620 --> 00:23:39,480
1215
+ and Bikilocytosis ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุดูˆู Schistocyte ุฃูˆ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:23:39,480 --> 00:23:43,380
1219
+ Microcyte ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฃุณุงุณุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูุฑุฌุงู„
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:23:43,380 --> 00:23:47,040
1223
+ ูˆ ุจุชุชูƒุณุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุฑุฉ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุดูˆู ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:23:47,040 --> 00:23:52,130
1227
+ ููŠ ุงู„ Peripheral Blood Erythrite Hyperplasiaู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:23:52,130 --> 00:23:57,010
1231
+ ุงู† ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุงู„ุงุฑุซุฑูˆูŠุฏ ุจุฏุช ุชุฑุชูุน ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Myeloid
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:23:57,010 --> 00:24:04,190
1235
+ Arterioid Ratio ู‡ุชู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ู€ Iron Stars ู‡ุชุฒูŠุฏ ู„ุฃู†ู‡
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:24:04,190 --> 00:24:07,090
1239
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู† ููŠ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ููˆู„ูŠูƒ ุฃุณุฏ ุงูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:24:07,090 --> 00:24:12,630
1243
+ Vitamin B12 ููƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู…ุงุจ ุชุชุตู†ุน
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:24:12,630 --> 00:24:16,590
1247
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุฏูŠุฏู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุจู„ุด
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:24:16,900 --> 00:24:19,800
1251
+ ูŠุชุฎุฒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุงู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฏุนูˆุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู‡ู†ุง
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:24:19,800 --> 00:24:22,980
1255
+ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุดูŠุก ุชุงู†ูŠ ูุจุชุงุน ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:24:22,980 --> 00:24:26,220
1259
+ ู‡ูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆ ูŠุชุฌู…ุน ููŠ ุงู„ bone marrow
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:24:26,220 --> 00:24:31,260
1263
+ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ iron stars ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† blood film
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:24:31,260 --> 00:24:35,520
1267
+ ุจูŠุจูŠู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ุญุฌู…
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:24:35,520 --> 00:24:39,520
1271
+ ุชุงุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุชุงุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ovalocyte
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:24:39,520 --> 00:24:43,900
1275
+ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู…ู„ุญูˆุธุฉ ุงุฐุง macrocytic ovalocyte
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:24:43,900 --> 00:24:50,820
1279
+ ู‡ูŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุงู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุชุฏ RBCs ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุดูˆู
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:24:50,820 --> 00:24:54,940
1283
+ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠุงุชุฏ RBCs ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุดูˆู tear drop ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุดูˆู
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:24:54,940 --> 00:24:58,140
1287
+ schistocyte ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุดูˆู ู‡ูˆุงู„ุฌูˆู„ูŠ ุจุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:24:58,140 --> 00:25:03,620
1291
+ ุนู† ุจู‚ุงูŠุง DNA ุงู„ู‡ูˆุงู„ุฌูˆู„ูŠ ุจุงุฏูŠ Basophilic stapling
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:25:03,620 --> 00:25:07,460
1295
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุดูˆู giant platelets ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุดูˆู evenhymer
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:25:07,460 --> 00:25:13,500
1299
+ bodies ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆู‡ุง ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู„ุญุงู„ุงุช
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:25:13,500 --> 00:25:17,270
1303
+ ุงู„ megaloplastic anemiaุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ hyper
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:25:17,270 --> 00:25:20,710
1307
+ -segmented neutrophil ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ neutrophil
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:25:20,710 --> 00:25:26,290
1311
+ ููŠู‡ุง hyper-segmentation ุงู„ุจูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ุจุฃู‚ู„
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:25:26,290 --> 00:25:30,390
1315
+ ู…ู† ุฑุงุญุชู‡ ุจุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู…ู‡ู„ู‡ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:25:30,390 --> 00:25:37,010
1319
+ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง hyper-segmentation ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:25:37,010 --> 00:25:41,260
1323
+ ู„ู€ vitamin B12 deficiencyุงู„ุงู† vitamin B12
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:25:41,260 --> 00:25:44,000
1327
+ deficiency ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุง ูู‰ ุชุตู†ูŠุน
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:25:44,000 --> 00:25:47,200
1331
+ ุงู„ู€myelinุดู‰ ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ูุฏู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:25:47,200 --> 00:25:50,900
1335
+ deficiency ู…ู† ุถู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:25:50,900 --> 00:25:54,940
1339
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุนุตุจูŠุฉ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุทูŠุจ ู…ู† .. ู…ู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู†
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:25:54,940 --> 00:25:58,540
1343
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ deficiencyุŸ ุฅู…ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:25:58,540 --> 00:26:02,680
1347
+ vitamin B12 ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุฎุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู…ุชุตุงุตู‡
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:26:02,680 --> 00:26:07,630
1351
+ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชูุงุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ ูู‰ ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู…ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูˆู„
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:26:07,630 --> 00:26:12,630
1355
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ู€ nutritional deficiency ุฃูˆ ุฃู† ุงู„ุทุนุงู…
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:26:12,630 --> 00:26:16,070
1359
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุงุฎุฏ ุจุณุฑุนู‡ุงุด ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠูˆู„ุงูŠุฒูŠุฒูŠ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ููŠ ุงู„ ..
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:26:16,070 --> 00:26:19,790
1363
+ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู€ stomach ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุงุจูŠุทู„ุนุด vitamin
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:26:19,790 --> 00:26:24,070
1367
+ B12 ุจุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูŠุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง loss or
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:26:24,070 --> 00:26:27,170
1371
+ atrophy of gastric mucosa ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:26:27,170 --> 00:26:31,620
1375
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ gastric mucosaู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ Deficiency
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:26:31,620 --> 00:26:34,420
1379
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Intrinsic Factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑุชุจุท ู…ุน ุงู„ู€
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:26:34,420 --> 00:26:37,880
1383
+ Vitamin B12 ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ูุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:26:37,880 --> 00:26:42,360
1387
+ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Intrinsic Factor ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ุฑุงุญ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:26:42,360 --> 00:26:46,540
1391
+ ู„ู€ Vitamin B12 abnormal events in small bowel
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:26:46,540 --> 00:26:49,480
1395
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุนุงุก ุงู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:26:49,480 --> 00:26:52,620
1399
+ small bowel ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† inadequate pancreatic
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:26:52,620 --> 00:26:56,080
1403
+ protease ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠุงุฒ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:26:56,080 --> 00:26:59,800
1407
+ ุจูŠูุฑุฒู‡ ุงู„ุจู†ูƒุฑูŠุงุฒ ุบูŠุฑ ูƒุงููŠุฉcompeting agent like
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:26:59,800 --> 00:27:03,780
1411
+ ููŠุดุชุงุจ ูˆููˆู‚ worms ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูŠ ุฏุง
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:27:03,780 --> 00:27:08,300
1415
+ ุชู†ุงูุณ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ vitamin ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ food ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:27:08,300 --> 00:27:12,180
1419
+ ู„ู„ููˆู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏููŠุดู†ุณูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ folic acid ุฏููŠุดู†ุณูŠ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:27:12,180 --> 00:27:16,720
1423
+ ู„ู„ููˆู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏููŠุดู†ุณูŠ ุทุจุนุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุณุจุจ deficient
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:27:16,720 --> 00:27:21,030
1427
+ intactู…ุน ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุฐุงุฆุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‡ู… ุฒูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:27:21,030 --> 00:27:24,970
1431
+ pregnancy ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:27:24,970 --> 00:27:28,750
1435
+ proliferation ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„sterosis
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:27:28,750 --> 00:27:34,530
1439
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ malabsorption ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:27:34,530 --> 00:27:38,130
1443
+ ุจุณุจุจ congenital and drug induced ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุณุจุงุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:27:38,130 --> 00:27:43,090
1447
+ ุนูŠูˆุจ ุฎู„ู‚ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุณุจุจ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:27:43,090 --> 00:27:48,430
1451
+ ุงู„ metabolism ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ูู„ุงุชุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู†ู‚ุต ุซูŠุงุจูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุจุนุถ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:27:48,430 --> 00:27:51,570
1455
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒุงูŠู… ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุชู…ุซูŠู„ ุงู„ูู„ุงุช
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:29:01,970 --> 00:29:07,010
1459
+ ุงู„ู€ chilling test ูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุดูŠูˆุณุงู†ูŠู…ูŠุง
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:29:07,010 --> 00:29:10,890
1463
+ ูˆู†ุดูˆู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู ุฃุดูŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุช ู„ุญุฏูˆุซ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:29:10,890 --> 00:29:14,290
1467
+ ู†ู‚ุต vitamin B12 ุฃู†ุง ุจุฑูˆุญ ุจุนุทูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฌุฑุนุฉ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู†
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:29:14,290 --> 00:29:18,770
1471
+ vitamin B12 ูˆุจุชุงุจุน ุงู„ุฌุฑุนุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅุฐุง ุธู‡ุฑุช ููŠ ุงู„
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:29:18,770 --> 00:29:23,930
1475
+ urine ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ูˆุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูˆุฅู†ู…ุง
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:29:23,930 --> 00:29:28,390
1479
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุชู‡ ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ู†ู‚ุต malnutrition ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุชู‡
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:29:28,390 --> 00:29:31,540
1483
+ nutritional deficiencyูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:29:31,540 --> 00:29:36,340
1487
+ absorption ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ุธู‡ุฑุช ุจุงู„ู€ urine ุจุฑูˆุญ ุจุนุทูŠ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:29:36,340 --> 00:29:40,760
1491
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุนุทูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ vitamin B12 intrinsic
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:29:40,760 --> 00:29:45,740
1495
+ factor ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠุช ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุฃุนุทูŠุช ุงู„ู€ intrinsic
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:29:45,740 --> 00:29:49,340
1499
+ factor ุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู€ vitamin B12 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุนุทูŠุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:29:49,340 --> 00:29:52,480
1503
+ urine ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ intrinsic
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:29:52,480 --> 00:29:57,780
1507
+ factor ูˆู„ู…ู‘ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฏุฎู„ุชู‡ ุงู†ุญู„ุช ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ุธู‡ุฑ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:29:57,780 --> 00:30:00,440
1511
+ ุจุงู„ู€ urineุจู†ุฎุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:30:00,440 --> 00:30:03,720
1515
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูู‰ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุจุดูˆู ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูู‰
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:30:03,720 --> 00:30:07,420
1519
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูู‰ ุงู„ intestine ุฃูˆ ูู‰ ุงู„ pancreas ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ุฐุง
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:30:07,420 --> 00:30:11,640
1523
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุนู† shelling test ู†ุฌู‰ ุงู„ู‰ non
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:30:11,640 --> 00:30:16,580
1527
+ megaloplastic anemia ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:30:16,580 --> 00:30:21,380
1531
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุณ ู…ุด ุจุณุจุจ ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ vitamin B12 ุฃูˆ ุงู„ููˆู„ุงุช
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:30:21,380 --> 00:30:26,950
1535
+ ุนุบุงู„ุจุงูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู‡ู… ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุดูŠูˆุนุง ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู†ุฏูŠ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:30:26,950 --> 00:30:30,150
1539
+ accelerated erythropiasis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู„ ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:30:30,150 --> 00:30:33,610
1543
+ ุชุญุช stress ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ reticulocyte ู‡ูŠู‡ุง
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:30:33,610 --> 00:30:38,290
1547
+ ู…ุจูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ V ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:30:38,290 --> 00:30:41,390
1551
+ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ ูˆู„ูˆู†ู‡ุง ู…ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ pink ู„ู„ blue
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:30:41,390 --> 00:30:48,550
1555
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ MCVููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:30:48,550 --> 00:30:51,270
1559
+ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ liver disease and alcoholism ู‡ู†ุง
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:30:51,270 --> 00:30:54,250
1563
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… round
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:30:54,250 --> 00:30:58,850
1567
+ macrocytosis ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… boiculocytosis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:30:58,850 --> 00:31:02,430
1571
+ ุฃุดูˆู target cell ุฃูƒุงู†ุณูˆุณูŠุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุดูˆู ุฃูƒูŠู†ูˆุณูŠุช
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:31:02,430 --> 00:31:07,310
1575
+ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ lipid ุฃูˆ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:31:07,310 --> 00:31:10,190
1579
+ ููŠ ุงู„ lipid metabolism ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ lipid ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ููŠ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:31:10,190 --> 00:31:13,630
1583
+ still membrane ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ุง deficiencyู‡ุฐุง
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:31:13,630 --> 00:31:17,250
1587
+ ุจูŠู‚ุฏู‘ูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ cell membrane ู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุดูƒู„
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:31:17,250 --> 00:31:20,590
1591
+ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูุจุชุธู‡ุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ acanthocyte ูˆ ุงู„ู€ echinocyte
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:31:20,590 --> 00:31:26,130
1595
+ ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:31:26,130 --> 00:31:29,270
1599
+ ู„ู„ู€ differential diagnosis ูƒูŠู ู†ู…ูŠุฒ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:31:29,270 --> 00:31:32,290
1603
+ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ megaloplastic ูˆ ู„ุง non-megaloplastic ุจู†ุนู…ู„
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:31:32,290 --> 00:31:36,990
1607
+ vitamin B12 ูˆ ุงู„ู€ folate level ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุงุช
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:31:36,990 --> 00:31:40,690
1611
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู„ู€ megaloplastic anemia ุฒูŠ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:31:40,690 --> 00:31:44,570
1615
+ hyper-segmented neutrophilูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ morphology
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:31:44,570 --> 00:31:49,270
1619
+ ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฏู„ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ู„ุงุญุธู†ุง ููŠ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:31:49,270 --> 00:31:51,710
1623
+ ุงู„ blood film ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠู‡ macrocytosis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ non
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:31:51,710 --> 00:31:55,410
1627
+ -megaloplastic ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ู„ุงุญุธ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:31:55,410 --> 00:31:57,910
1631
+ polychromagia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ radiculocyte ุจุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:31:57,910 --> 00:32:00,530
1635
+ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุงุจุชูƒูˆู†ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ megaloplastic
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:32:00,530 --> 00:32:05,170
1639
+ ุฃู†ูŠู…ุง ุน ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุญุงู„ุฉ liver
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:32:05,170 --> 00:32:08,530
1643
+ disease ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฑุงุฌุน
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:32:08,530 --> 00:32:10,870
1647
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ุงู„ ููŠ cell membrane ุฒูŠ ุงู„acanthocyte ุฃูˆ ุงู„
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:32:11,980 --> 00:32:12,400
1651
+ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง
1652
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwZMFBrUcRiLUW660ZZJ9vip/CynxsWy4c3I_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1496 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,690 --> 00:00:06,590
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุฑุงุญ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:06,590 --> 00:00:10,310
7
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุชุนู„ู‚
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:10,310 --> 00:00:17,090
11
+ ุจุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุจุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง ูˆุชุตู†ูŠูู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅู†
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:17,090 --> 00:00:21,610
15
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ุฅู„ู‰ ู‚ุณู…ูŠู† ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุงุช ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู†
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:21,610 --> 00:00:26,900
19
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง acute ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† chronic ุฑุงุญ ู†ุงุฎุฏูƒู„
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:26,900 --> 00:00:30,820
23
+ ุงู„ุชูุงุตูŠู„ ุจุชุงุนุช ุงู„ู€ classification ูˆุงู„ู€ diagnosis
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:30,820 --> 00:00:35,580
27
+ ู„ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช acute ุฃูˆ chronic
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:35,580 --> 00:00:40,360
31
+ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ acute leukemia ุฅูŠุด
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:40,360 --> 00:00:44,350
35
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ acute leukemia what is acute leukemiaุงู„ู€
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:44,350 --> 00:00:48,550
39
+ Acute Leukemia ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† group of malignant
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:48,550 --> 00:00:53,950
43
+ disorders ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ malignant disorders ูˆุงู„ุชูŠ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:53,950 --> 00:00:59,390
47
+ ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจุฃู†ู‡ ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง uncontrolled clonal
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:59,390 --> 00:01:06,710
51
+ proliferation ู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง and accumulation of
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:06,710 --> 00:01:10,150
55
+ poorly differentiated blast cells in the bone
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:10,150 --> 00:01:13,750
59
+ marrow and other tissueblast cells ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:13,750 --> 00:01:20,030
63
+ uncontrolled proliferation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชุชูƒุงุซุฑ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:20,030 --> 00:01:26,810
67
+ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุณุจูˆู‚ุฉ ู…ู…ุง ูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ุชุฑุงูƒู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ููŠ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:26,810 --> 00:01:34,050
71
+ ุงู„ุจูˆู†ู…ุงุฑูˆ ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุงุก ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุทุจุนุงุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:34,050 --> 00:01:38,990
75
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู†ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡ุงูƒุŸุชุนู…ู„
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:38,990 --> 00:01:43,950
79
+ Replacement of bone marrow normal elements ูŠุนู†ูŠ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:43,950 --> 00:01:47,230
83
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:47,230 --> 00:01:51,350
87
+ Hemopoiesis ุจุชุญู„ ู…ุญู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Malignant cells
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:51,350 --> 00:01:55,930
91
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Neoplastic blood cells ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ุฅูŠุดุŸ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:55,930 --> 00:01:59,710
95
+ ู„ุฃู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ Normal ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุชุดุชุบู„ ุจุดูƒู„
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:59,710 --> 00:02:05,450
99
+ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูŠู‚ู„ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุญู„ ู…ุญู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ Malignant
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:06,340 --> 00:02:10,120
103
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ Normal ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ RBCs ู…ูุฑูˆุถ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:10,120 --> 00:02:13,840
107
+ ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ Blood Cells White BCs ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ Platelets
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:13,840 --> 00:02:18,840
111
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู†ุดุฃ ุนู†ู‡ Bone Marrow Failure ุจุดูˆู
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:18,840 --> 00:02:23,040
115
+ Anemia ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ู€ Production ู„ู„ู€ RBCs
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:23,040 --> 00:02:26,880
119
+ Neutropenia ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ู€ Production ู„ู„ู€
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:26,880 --> 00:02:31,700
123
+ Granulocyte ุจุดูˆู Thrombocytopenia ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุดูˆู Bone
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:31,700 --> 00:02:34,540
127
+ Marrow Failure Marks
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:36,780 --> 00:02:42,000
131
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ Blasts ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุบุฐูˆ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:42,000 --> 00:02:45,140
135
+ reticuloendothelial tissue ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ spleenุŒ ุงู„ู€
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:45,140 --> 00:02:50,090
139
+ liver ูˆ ุงู„ู€ lymph nodesู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชุบุฒูˆ ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:50,090 --> 00:02:54,390
143
+ ูˆุชุนู…ู„ infiltration ููŠ organs ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู€
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:54,390 --> 00:02:57,070
147
+ blast cells ู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุง ูŠู‚ุชุตุฑ ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ bone
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:57,070 --> 00:03:00,530
151
+ marrow ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:00,530 --> 00:03:03,990
155
+ reticuloendothelial system ูˆู‚ุฏ ุชุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุฃุฎุฑู‰
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:03,990 --> 00:03:11,450
159
+ ุจุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆุชู†ุชุดุฑ ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ if left untreated ู„ูˆ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:11,450 --> 00:03:13,310
163
+ ู…ุง ุชุนุงู„ุฌุช ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:17,210 --> 00:03:23,130
167
+ ุงู„ุขู† ูƒูŠู ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ acute leukemia ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุชูƒูˆู†
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:23,130 --> 00:03:27,270
171
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ genetic alteration within a single stem cell
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:27,270 --> 00:03:32,470
175
+ in the bone marrow ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฎู„ู„ ู…ุนูŠู† ููŠ stem cell ููŠ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:32,470 --> 00:03:37,960
179
+ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡ blockููŠ ุงู„ู€
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:37,960 --> 00:03:41,820
183
+ maturation at certain level ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:41,820 --> 00:03:45,200
187
+ ุชู…ุฑ ุจู€ 5 ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ maturation ุนุดุงู† ุชูˆุตู„ ู„ู€
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:45,200 --> 00:03:49,820
191
+ mature form ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูˆุตู„ ุนู†ุฏ level 2 ุฃูˆ level 3 ูˆุชุนู…ู„
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:49,820 --> 00:03:55,000
195
+ stop ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ this reveals an abnormal regulatory
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:55,000 --> 00:03:59,380
199
+ mechanism and the cell is incapable of further
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:59,380 --> 00:04:04,100
203
+ differentiation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุฎู„ู„ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:04,100 --> 00:04:09,180
207
+ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุชูƒู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ differentiation ููŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:09,180 --> 00:04:12,780
211
+ maturation ุงู„ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู‚ุฏ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:12,780 --> 00:04:16,400
215
+ transcription factors ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ regulation
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:16,400 --> 00:04:20,500
219
+ ุชุนุช ุงู„ู€ maturation ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง stop ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:20,500 --> 00:04:25,930
223
+ defect ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนู…ู„ maturationู„ูƒู†
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:25,930 --> 00:04:31,110
227
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุธู„
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:31,110 --> 00:04:36,370
231
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชู†ู‚ุณู… ูุฏู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡ุŸ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:36,370 --> 00:04:41,450
235
+ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… Successive Mitotic Division ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุณุฑูŠุน ู…ู†
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:41,450 --> 00:04:45,070
239
+ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุบูŠุฑ mature ุฃูˆ ูˆุงู‚ูุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุญุฏ ู…ุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:45,070 --> 00:04:50,330
243
+ Maturation ู‡ูŠุทู„ู‘ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ Clonal Population ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:50,330 --> 00:04:55,620
247
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€Cloneู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Maturation
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:55,620 --> 00:05:01,160
251
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠุคุฏู‰ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชุฑุงูƒู…ู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:01,160 --> 00:05:06,820
255
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ Clonal Mass ููŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุดูˆูู‡ุง ุฃู†ุง ุณูˆุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ู€
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:06,820 --> 00:05:10,320
259
+ Bone marrow ุฃูˆ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:10,320 --> 00:05:12,780
263
+ Peripheral blood ูˆู‡ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุนุทู‰ ุงู„ manifestation
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:12,780 --> 00:05:16,540
267
+ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุนุฑู ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:16,540 --> 00:05:20,530
271
+ ู†ูˆุน ู…ุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ูˆุงู„ุชูƒู†ูˆู„ุชูƒู†
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:20,530 --> 00:05:24,930
275
+ M6 Acute Myeloid Leukemia 6 ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:24,930 --> 00:05:28,310
279
+ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Erythrite Series ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:28,310 --> 00:05:32,390
283
+ Maturation ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ Erythrite ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุฃุฌูŠุช ู…ุซู„ุง
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:32,390 --> 00:05:36,270
287
+ ู„ู€ M3 ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Predominant Cell ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆู‚ูุช
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:36,270 --> 00:05:39,930
291
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Bromielocyte ูุจุนุฑู ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ M3
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:39,930 --> 00:05:45,040
295
+ ุฃูˆ Bromielocytic Leukemia ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูŠุฌูŠุชู…ูŠูŠุฒูŠ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:45,040 --> 00:05:48,100
299
+ ู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ mass ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุช ู…ู†
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:48,100 --> 00:05:52,120
303
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุช ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ูˆูˆู‚ูุฉ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:52,120 --> 00:05:59,000
307
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ two-hit model ุฃู†ู‡
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:59,000 --> 00:06:05,340
311
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุทูุฑุชูŠู† ุฃูˆู„ ุทูุฑุฉ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:05,340 --> 00:06:10,540
315
+ ุฃูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ุฎู„ู„ loss of functionof transcription
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:10,540 --> 00:06:15,400
319
+ factors needed for differentiation ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:15,400 --> 00:06:19,660
323
+ ู„ุงุฒู…ุฉ ู„ุชู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ู€
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:19,660 --> 00:06:23,300
327
+ differentiation block ู„ู€ stop ููŠ ุงู„
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:23,300 --> 00:06:27,700
331
+ differentiation ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:27,700 --> 00:06:31,720
335
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุชูˆูุฑ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:31,720 --> 00:06:36,450
339
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุชูˆูุฑGain of function mutation of tyrosine
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:36,450 --> 00:06:41,430
343
+ kinase ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ mutation ุงู„ู€ mutation ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:41,430 --> 00:06:47,090
347
+ activation ู„ู„ู€ tyrosine kinase ู…ู…ุง ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:47,090 --> 00:06:50,530
351
+ ุงู„ู€ mitotic division ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ proliferation
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:50,530 --> 00:06:55,260
355
+ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ differentiation blockedู†ุชุฌ ู†ูˆุน ู…ุนูŠู†
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:55,260 --> 00:06:59,500
359
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆูˆู‚ู ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ูˆู‚ูุด ูˆุจุณ ู„ุฃ ู‡ูˆ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:59,500 --> 00:07:05,080
363
+ ุจูŠุชูƒุงุซุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชุชูƒุงุซุฑ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู…ุง ุฃุฏู‰
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:05,080 --> 00:07:10,260
367
+ ู„ุญุฏูˆุซ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Undifferentiated self ูˆุฃุฏู‰
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:10,260 --> 00:07:15,520
371
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ุชุงุฌ ุงู„ู€ Acute Leukemia ู†ูˆุน ู…ุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:15,520 --> 00:07:19,220
375
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆู‚ู ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Maturation
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:23,710 --> 00:07:27,570
379
+ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู„ู€ blood stream ูƒูŠู ุจุชุชุทูˆุฑ ููŠู‡
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:27,570 --> 00:07:32,070
383
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุทุจุนุง ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุฃูŠ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:32,070 --> 00:07:35,510
387
+ mutation ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุจูŠุจูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:35,510 --> 00:07:38,710
391
+ ูˆ ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุง ุจูƒูˆู† ุดุงูŠูุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:38,710 --> 00:07:42,770
395
+ ุงู„ู†ุชุงุฆุฌ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:42,770 --> 00:07:47,150
399
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ุตุงูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:47,150 --> 00:07:52,270
403
+ ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฌูŠ ุฃุดูˆู Stage 1 ุงู„ู€Blood Normal ุฒูŠ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:52,270 --> 00:07:57,870
407
+ ูˆุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€Normal ุงู„ู€YPCs ุงู„ู€RBCs ุงู„ุจู„ุงุชู„ุชุฒ ูƒู„ูŠุงุชู‡ุง
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:57,870 --> 00:08:02,050
411
+ ุจุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ู„ุฅู„ู‡ุงู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:02,050 --> 00:08:06,430
415
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ูˆุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุช
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:06,430 --> 00:08:10,510
419
+ ุจุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:10,510 --> 00:08:14,610
423
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุนุฑุงุถ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ู€
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:14,610 --> 00:08:20,450
427
+ acute leukemia ุงู„ุขู† ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุณุช cells ุชุบุฒูˆ ุงู„ู€
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:20,450 --> 00:08:26,500
431
+ bone marrow ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุชุจุฏุฃุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ู€ Blast
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:26,500 --> 00:08:31,120
435
+ Cells ุชุฒูŠุฏ ูˆุชุคุซุฑ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ Normal
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:31,120 --> 00:08:35,080
439
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃุชูŠู†ุง ู„ุงุญุธู†ุง ุตุงุฑ ุชู†ุงู‚ุต ู…ู„ุญูˆุธ ููŠ ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ู€
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:35,080 --> 00:08:38,320
443
+ White Blood Cells ุงู„ู€ Normal ุตุงุฑ ุชู†ุงู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู€ RBC
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:38,320 --> 00:08:41,780
447
+ ุตุงุฑ ุชู†ุงู‚ุต ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Platelets ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:41,780 --> 00:08:45,940
451
+ ุจู†ุดุฎุต ููŠู‡ุง ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:45,940 --> 00:08:50,760
455
+ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู†ู‡
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:50,760 --> 00:08:55,760
459
+ ุงู„ู€ White BCs ู…ุงุฏู„ุด ุฎุงู„ุต ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ immature
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:55,760 --> 00:09:01,520
463
+ ููŠู‡ ุถุงูŠู„ ุนู†ุฏูŠ RBCs ุจุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆBlatelets ุจุฃุนุฏุงุฏ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:01,520 --> 00:09:06,260
467
+ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุณูŠุฆุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:06,260 --> 00:09:11,640
471
+ ู‡ูŠุบุฒูˆุง ู„ู€ BLAST ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ Peripheral Blotู…ุด ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:11,640 --> 00:09:18,100
475
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ุบูŠุฑ Blast ูˆู‡ุฐุง ูŠุคุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ Stage 5A ูŠุนู†ูŠ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:18,100 --> 00:09:21,440
479
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ Blast ุบุฒุช ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ Blast ุบุฒุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุตุญูŠ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:21,440 --> 00:09:25,460
483
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู† non-functional ู‡ูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุชุฏุฎู„
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:25,460 --> 00:09:29,100
487
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุฎุถุฑ ุงู„ germ ูˆุชุบุฒูˆ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:29,100 --> 00:09:33,540
491
+ ุงู„ blood ูˆุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุนูุงุช ุงู„ุณูŠุฆุฉ ู„ู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:33,540 --> 00:09:36,820
495
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ blood stream
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:41,870 --> 00:09:47,750
499
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุชุฐูƒุฑ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:47,750 --> 00:09:52,970
503
+ hemobiotic stem cell ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู†ู…ุงุฑูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:52,970 --> 00:09:58,210
507
+ lymphoid progenitor ูˆุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ myeloid progenitor
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:58,210 --> 00:10:03,750
511
+ ุตุญุŸ ุงู„ู€ lymphoid ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ B
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:03,750 --> 00:10:08,040
515
+ -lymphocyte ูˆุงู„ู€ T-lymphocyteุงู„ู€ B-Lymphocyte ุฒูŠ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:08,040 --> 00:10:11,420
519
+ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุจุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ Plasma
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:11,420 --> 00:10:15,220
523
+ Cell ุนุดุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ Antibody ูˆ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู€ T
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:15,220 --> 00:10:18,000
527
+ -Lymphocyte ูˆ ุงู„ู€ T-Lymphocyte ู„ู‡ุง ุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:18,000 --> 00:10:23,400
531
+ ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูุฑุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ Lymphoid
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:23,400 --> 00:10:27,720
535
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ AML โ€ฆ ุนููˆุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ Myeloid ุงู„ู€ Myeloid ู‡ูŠู†ุชุฌ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:27,720 --> 00:10:34,270
539
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Granulocyte ูˆ ู‡ูŠู†ุชุฌ ู…ู†ู‡ุงุงู„ู€
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:34,270 --> 00:10:40,330
543
+ Monocyte ูˆู‡ูŠู†ุชุฌ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Platelets ูˆู‡ุชู†ุชุฌ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:40,330 --> 00:10:45,770
547
+ RBCs ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ Neutrophil ุฒูŠู†ูˆููŠู„
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:45,770 --> 00:10:50,870
551
+ ุจูŠุฒูˆููŠู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ Granulocyte ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Monocyte
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:50,870 --> 00:10:56,030
555
+ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Platelets ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ู„ู€ RBCs ูุฃูŠ ุฎู„ู„
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:56,030 --> 00:11:01,430
559
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุจุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง Acute Myeloid Leukemia ุงู„ู€
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:01,430 --> 00:11:06,200
563
+ Myeloid Precursorู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ lymphoid ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:06,200 --> 00:11:11,460
567
+ acute lymphoid leukemia ุชู…ุงู… ู‡ูƒุŸ ุทุจุนุง ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:11,460 --> 00:11:15,140
571
+ ุจู†ุตู†ู ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ู„ู‚ุฏุงู… ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฑุงูŠุญ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:15,140 --> 00:11:20,820
575
+ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ู„ูˆ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:20,820 --> 00:11:25,340
579
+ ุฃุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ุฏูŠู…ะพะณั€ะฐั„ูŠ ู„ู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:25,340 --> 00:11:31,660
583
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู†ูˆุน ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ AML ุงู„ู€ acute myeloid
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:31,660 --> 00:11:38,560
587
+ leukemiaAcute Myeloid Leukemia ุจุดูƒู„ 31% ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุงุช
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:38,560 --> 00:11:43,940
591
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ู€ Total ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุดูŠ ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง Chronic
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:43,940 --> 00:11:51,400
595
+ Lymphoid Leukemia ุจุชุดูƒู„ 26% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:51,400 --> 00:12:00,130
599
+ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ CML ุจุชุดูƒู„ 15% ู…ู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุชุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:00,130 --> 00:12:06,810
603
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ ALL ุจุชุดูƒู„ 11% ู…ู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู€17
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:06,810 --> 00:12:12,790
607
+ % ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุถุงูŠู„ูŠู† ู‡ุฏุงู„ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ุชูุฑู‚ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:12,790 --> 00:12:19,130
611
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจู…ุฌู…ู„ู‡ุง ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ 17% ูู‡ูŠ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ู†ุงุฏุฑุฉ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:19,130 --> 00:12:25,990
615
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุซ ุทูŠุจ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:25,990 --> 00:12:32,240
619
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู€Acute LeukemiaAcute Leukemia ุฃูŠุด ุจู†ุดูˆู
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:32,240 --> 00:12:37,900
623
+ ููŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ lab ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุจุฑ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:37,900 --> 00:12:41,940
627
+ Blood Examination ุทุจุนุง ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Acute
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:41,940 --> 00:12:45,260
631
+ Leukemia ุจุฏู†ูŠุงูƒู… ุชุงุฎุฏูˆุง ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:45,260 --> 00:12:48,380
635
+ variation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ stage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูˆุตู„ู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:48,380 --> 00:12:54,120
639
+ ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุชุทูˆุฑ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุชู†ุนูƒุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€CVC ู„ุฅู„ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:54,120 --> 00:12:57,310
643
+ ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุงู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:57,310 --> 00:13:01,430
647
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุด ุตุงูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุงุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุจุณ ุฅูŠุด
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:01,430 --> 00:13:04,810
651
+ ุงู„ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Acute Leukemia ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:04,810 --> 00:13:10,390
655
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุงุŒ ThrombocytopeniaุŒ Variable Leukocyte
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:10,390 --> 00:13:13,970
659
+ Count ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุดุฑุท ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Leukocyte ุนุดุงู†ู‡ุง acute
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:13,970 --> 00:13:17,570
663
+ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ ู„ุฃ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ variation ููŠ ุงู„ู€
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:17,570 --> 00:13:21,870
667
+ Leukocyte Count ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉุŒ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:21,870 --> 00:13:26,630
671
+ ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุด ุนุงู„ูŠุฉBlood Morphology ู„ูˆ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:26,630 --> 00:13:30,530
675
+ ุฌูŠุช ุฃุนู…ู„ Blood Film ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ Blast Cells ูˆู‡ุฐุง
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:30,530 --> 00:13:33,430
679
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ู€ Acute Leukemia ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงุฏ ูŠุฎู„ูˆู‡ุง
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:33,430 --> 00:13:39,190
683
+ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุนุชุจุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ Acute ุฃูˆ ุฃุนุชุจุฑ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:39,190 --> 00:13:44,390
687
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ Acute Leukemia ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ Blast Cells ุทุจ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:44,390 --> 00:13:49,370
691
+ ู‚ุฏุงุด ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู€ Blast Cells ููŠ ุงู„ุจูˆู† ู…ุฑุจ ู†ุญูƒูŠุงู„ู€ Bone
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:49,370 --> 00:13:53,110
695
+ marrow morphology ุงู„ู€ Blast cells ุนุดุงู† ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ุง
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:53,110 --> 00:13:57,550
699
+ Acute ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ู„ุงุฒู… ุนุฏุฏ ู„ู€ Blast cells ูŠุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุงู„ู€
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:57,550 --> 00:14:03,150
703
+ 20% ูู…ุง ููˆู‚ ู…ู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ White pieces ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู†
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:03,150 --> 00:14:08,190
707
+ ุชูุนุชุจุฑ Acute ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง Blast 20% ูู…ุง
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:08,190 --> 00:14:12,310
711
+ ููˆู‚ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ุง ุชูุนุชุจุฑ Acute ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:12,310 --> 00:14:16,980
715
+ Chronic ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉSubmission of
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:16,980 --> 00:14:20,260
719
+ Normal Hemobiosis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฌูŠุช ููŠ ุฑุฏุฏ ููŠู„ู…
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:20,260 --> 00:14:23,880
723
+ ยซุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆยป ุฃุชูุฑุฌ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู‚ุฏุฑู†ุง ุฑุจู†ุง
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:23,880 --> 00:14:27,260
727
+ ุฃู‡ ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุดูˆูุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ยซู‡ูŠู…ุงุชูˆู„ูˆุฌูŠุงยป ุตุญูŠุญ ููŠ ุฃูู„ุงู…
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:27,260 --> 00:14:32,420
731
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ ยซุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆยป Blast ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุงุฏุฑ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:32,420 --> 00:14:37,380
735
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ mature cells ุฎู„ุงูŠุง mature ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:37,380 --> 00:14:40,320
739
+ ุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง Normal Maturation ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Normal
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:40,320 --> 00:14:43,240
743
+ Maturation Stages ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ ยซุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆยป
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:43,240 --> 00:14:48,290
747
+ ู…ุนุธู…ู‡ Blast Cellsุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ูุญูˆุตุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:48,290 --> 00:14:51,670
751
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ cytochemical stance ุญู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ูˆู†ุฑุฌุนู‡ุง
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:51,670 --> 00:14:55,610
755
+ ุงู„ู€ immunophenotyping ูˆุงู„ู€ cytogenetics ูˆุงู„ู€
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:55,610 --> 00:15:02,090
759
+ molecular studies ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ุขู†
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:02,090 --> 00:15:06,970
763
+ ุฑุงุญ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ classification of cells of immature
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:06,970 --> 00:15:09,610
767
+ cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:09,610 --> 00:15:13,460
771
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุงู„ู€Classification ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุณุจ ุฃูƒุชุฑ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:13,460 --> 00:15:15,800
775
+ ู…ู† ุดุบู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€Morphology ุฃูˆ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:15,800 --> 00:15:18,500
779
+ ุงู„ู€Cytochemistry ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€Immunophenotyping ุฃูˆ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:18,500 --> 00:15:22,500
783
+ ุงู„ู€Cytogenetics ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู…ู„
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:22,500 --> 00:15:24,500
787
+ Classification ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจู‡ุง ูˆุชุณุงุนุฏู†ูŠ ููŠ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:24,500 --> 00:15:27,300
791
+ ุงู„ู€Classification ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุขู† ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:27,300 --> 00:15:32,520
795
+ ุงู„ู€Morphology ุงู„ุขู† ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงู…ูŠ Blast Cell
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:32,520 --> 00:15:37,260
799
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู€Blast Size ู…ู…ูƒู†
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:37,260 --> 00:15:41,620
803
+ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ Indication ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€BlastThe amount of
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:41,620 --> 00:15:45,420
807
+ cytoplasm ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ ยซcytoplasmยป ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู€
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:45,420 --> 00:15:49,540
811
+ ยซcytoplasmยป ูƒู…ูŠุชู‡ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:49,540 --> 00:15:54,240
815
+ ยซblastยป ุจุงุฏูŠ ูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง ยซmaturationยป ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ุณู‡ ุงู„ู€
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:54,240 --> 00:15:57,340
819
+ ยซcytoplasmยป ูƒู…ูŠุชู‡ ุถุฆูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู„ุณู‡ ู‡ูŠ ยซearly blastยป
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:57,340 --> 00:16:02,840
823
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ยซthe nuclear chromatin patternยป ุฃุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:02,840 --> 00:16:06,900
827
+ ุฅู† ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ ยซmaturationยป ุงู„ู€ ยซnuclear materialยป
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:06,900 --> 00:16:10,670
831
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ยซcoarserยปูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Early Blast ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:10,670 --> 00:16:14,330
835
+ chromatin material very fine ุทูŠุจุŒ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ู„ุงุฒุงู„ุช
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:14,330 --> 00:16:17,990
839
+ fine ูˆู„ุง ุจู„ุดุช ุชุตูŠุฑ more matureุŸ ู‡ู„ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ู€
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:16:17,990 --> 00:16:22,150
843
+ chromatin material coarse ุฃูƒุชุฑุŸ ู‡ู„ ููŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู€
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:16:22,150 --> 00:16:26,710
847
+ nucleoli ุทุจุนุงู‹ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ nucleoli ุฃูˆ ุงุฎุชูุงู‚ู‡ุงุŒ ุนุฏู…
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:26,710 --> 00:16:29,830
851
+ ุธู‡ูˆุฑู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ maturation ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:16:29,830 --> 00:16:33,570
855
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ mature ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ blast mature ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู‡ุชุจุฏุฃ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:16:33,570 --> 00:16:36,270
859
+ ุงู„ู€ coarse chromatin material ุชุบุทูŠ ุงู„ู€ nucleoli
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:36,270 --> 00:16:40,900
863
+ ูˆุจุทู„ ุฃุดูˆูู‡ุงู‡ู„ ููŠ our rods ุฏุงูŠู…ู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ our rods ุจุชุฏู„
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:40,900 --> 00:16:44,520
867
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ myeloid ู…ุด lymphoid ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:44,520 --> 00:16:48,200
871
+ ุฃุตู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ myeloid precursor ุฃุดูˆู our rod ุจุฑูุน
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:48,200 --> 00:16:52,940
875
+ ู…ู† ุจุงู„ูŠ ุฎุงู„ุต ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€ lymphoid our rod ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุŸ ุงู„ู€
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:52,940 --> 00:16:57,620
879
+ our rod ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุชูˆุง ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ู‡ูˆ ุชุฌู…ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:16:57,620 --> 00:17:00,960
883
+ azerofilic granules ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ rod our rod are
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:00,960 --> 00:17:06,300
887
+ being standingSplinter shape inclusion due to a
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:06,300 --> 00:17:09,980
891
+ rod shape alignment of primary granules found only
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:17:09,980 --> 00:17:14,160
895
+ in myeloproliferative processes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:17:14,160 --> 00:17:18,240
899
+ ุชุฌู…ุน ูˆุงุฑุชุจุงุท ูŠู…ูƒู† ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุนุตุงูŠุฉ ุฑุฏ ุตุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:17:18,240 --> 00:17:21,140
903
+ ุงู„ู€primary ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€azolephric granules ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:17:21,140 --> 00:17:27,520
907
+ ุงู„ู€myeloid precursor ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุตูˆุฑุฉ myeloblast
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:27,520 --> 00:17:31,900
911
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูˆู„ ุฑุฏ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† myeloblast
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:32,240 --> 00:17:38,220
915
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Large Blast with moderate amount of
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:38,220 --> 00:17:42,860
919
+ cytoplasm ููŠู‡ cytoplasm ูƒุฑูˆู…ุงุชูŠู† material fine
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:42,860 --> 00:17:46,600
923
+ ุจุดูˆู ููŠู‡ุง ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆู„ุงูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ูŠ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:46,600 --> 00:17:53,800
927
+ ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆู„ุงูŠ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู…ู† 10 ุฅู„ู‰ 40% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:17:53,800 --> 00:17:57,880
931
+ Myeloid precursor ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Myeloblast ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:17:57,880 --> 00:18:02,440
935
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุฏุฒู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุฏ ูˆุงุถุญูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€Cytoplasm ุฒูŠ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:18:02,440 --> 00:18:06,760
939
+ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€Cytoplasm ุฅุฐู†
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:18:06,760 --> 00:18:11,840
943
+ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุดูˆูุช ุฃูˆุฑูˆุฏ ุจุณุชูู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€Lymphoid precursors
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:18:11,840 --> 00:18:16,440
947
+ ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠู‹ุง Myeloid ู‡ูŠ ุฃูˆ Myeloblast ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุดูˆู ููŠู‡ุง
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:18:16,440 --> 00:18:24,680
951
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆุฑูˆุฏ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:18:24,680 --> 00:18:29,360
955
+ ู„ู„ู€Lymphoid ุงู„ู€Lymphoidุงู„ู€ Lymphoblast ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:18:29,360 --> 00:18:34,700
959
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุจู„ุงุณุช ุฃุตุบุฑ With scant cytoplasm ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:18:34,700 --> 00:18:38,780
963
+ cytoplasm ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุดุญูŠุญุฉ ุฌุฏุง Chromatin material ุฅู„ู‰
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:18:38,780 --> 00:18:45,300
967
+ ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ dense ุงู„ู†ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุด ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:18:45,300 --> 00:18:49,180
971
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ rods ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฎุงู„ุต ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ rods ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:18:49,180 --> 00:18:53,080
975
+ ุฎุงู„ุต ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ lymphoblast ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุนูˆุฏ ุจุฐูƒุฑูƒู… ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุช
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:18:53,080 --> 00:18:58,180
979
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ lymphoblast ู…ู† myeloblastุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุช ุฃู†ุง
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:18:58,180 --> 00:19:02,340
983
+ ุฎุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃูุตู„ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ู€ ยซcytochemical
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:19:02,340 --> 00:19:07,180
987
+ stainsยป ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุฐูƒุฑู‡ุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถู†ุง ุฃุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:19:07,180 --> 00:19:09,660
991
+ ุงู„ู€myelobruxidase ูˆ ยซุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงู† ุงู„ุจู„ุงูƒยป ูˆู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:19:09,660 --> 00:19:13,060
995
+ ู‡ู†ุฑุฌุนู‡ู… ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฑุจ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:19:13,060 --> 00:19:17,140
999
+ ู…ู‡ู…ุง ูƒู†ุช ุฃู†ุง expert ู…ุง ุจู‚ุฏุฑ 100% ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:19:17,140 --> 00:19:21,220
1003
+ myeloblast ุฃูˆ lymphoblast ุฃู†ุง ุจุชูˆู‚ุน ุชู…ุงู… ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:19:21,220 --> 00:19:24,220
1007
+ ุจุฃูƒุฏ ุจุงู„ู€ยซcytochemical stainsยป ุฃูˆ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:19:24,220 --> 00:19:25,500
1011
+ ุจุงู„ู€ยซimmunophenotypingยป
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:19:29,100 --> 00:19:33,780
1015
+ ู‡ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ุชุตู†ูŠูุงุช ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅู†
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:19:33,780 --> 00:19:37,060
1019
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ู‚ุฏ ุชูƒูˆู† chronic ุฃูˆ acute ุณูˆุงุก chronic ุฃูˆ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:19:37,060 --> 00:19:41,060
1023
+ acute ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† lymphoid ุฃูˆ myeloid ุงู„ู€ acute-leukemia
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:19:41,060 --> 00:19:46,100
1027
+ ุชู… ุชุตู†ูŠูู‡ุง ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ุช ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:19:46,100 --> 00:19:49,720
1031
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ morphology ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ cytochemical standard ุชู…
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:19:49,720 --> 00:19:54,620
1035
+ ุชุตู†ูŠูู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ lymphoid and myeloid ุชู…ุงู…ุŒ ุงู„ู€
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:19:54,620 --> 00:20:00,280
1039
+ lymphoid ุชู… ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ู‡ุง ู…ู† M0 ุฅู„ู‰ M7ูˆุงู„ู…ูุงูŠุฏ ุชู…
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:20:00,280 --> 00:20:05,520
1043
+ ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ 1 ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ 3 ุฑุงุญ ู†ุฑุงุดุน ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูƒูŠู
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:20:05,520 --> 00:20:15,240
1047
+ ุจุนู…ู„ ุฏุง ุทูŠุจ ู…ูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู€ ALL ุงู„ู€ ALL ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุชู… ุชุตู†ูŠูู‡ุง
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:20:15,240 --> 00:20:20,520
1051
+ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ูุฆุฉ ุจู€ classification ุฅู„ู‰ 3 ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ 1 ุงู„ู€
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:20:20,520 --> 00:20:27,140
1055
+ 2 ุงู„ู€ 3ุจุงู„ู€ ยซMorphologyยป ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ุจุฏูˆู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุฃุตุจุงุบ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:20:27,140 --> 00:20:30,960
1059
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุฏูˆู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ยซCytochemical Stainsยป ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:20:30,960 --> 00:20:34,540
1063
+ ุจุตุจุบุฉ ุงู„ู€ ยซHematologist Stainยป ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจุดูˆูุŸ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:20:34,540 --> 00:20:38,840
1067
+ ุจุดูˆู ุงู„ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ยซSmall Blastยป
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:20:38,840 --> 00:20:42,720
1071
+ ยซHomogeneousยป ุฃูˆ ยซUniform Sizeยป ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุญุณ ุฅู† ูƒู„
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:20:42,720 --> 00:20:45,740
1075
+ ุงู„ู€ ยซBlood Filmยป ุฃูˆ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ ยซBlastยป ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ููŠ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:20:45,740 --> 00:20:48,120
1079
+ ุงู„ู€ ยซBlood Filmยป ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ยซBone Marrow Filmยป
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:20:48,120 --> 00:20:52,570
1083
+ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูƒู„ู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃูˆ ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจุฉ ุฌุฏุงุงู„ู€
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:20:52,570 --> 00:20:56,790
1087
+ Cytoplasm ู‚ู„ูŠู„ Scanty Cytoplasm ุงู„ู†ูˆุงุช ุนุชู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:20:56,790 --> 00:21:02,050
1091
+ Round Small Enucleolus ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹ ุจุดูˆู ููŠู‡ุง Small
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:21:02,050 --> 00:21:08,190
1095
+ Enucleolite ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุดูƒู„ 75% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ALL cases
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:21:08,190 --> 00:21:12,910
1099
+ ุจุชุดูƒู„ 75% ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Acute Lymphoid Leukemia
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:21:12,910 --> 00:21:20,550
1103
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู€ L2 L2 ุจุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุฃู†ู‡ุง LargeIrregular
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:21:20,550 --> 00:21:23,830
1107
+ Size ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† Size ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Blood Film
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:21:23,830 --> 00:21:28,970
1111
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ L1 ูƒู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญุฌู…ุŒ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:21:28,970 --> 00:21:33,630
1115
+ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฃ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง heterogeneous ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุŒ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:21:33,630 --> 00:21:38,090
1119
+ ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ุฅุถ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูุฉ ู„ุฃู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Cytoplasm
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:21:38,090 --> 00:21:42,590
1123
+ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุงู„ู€ Nucleus ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:21:42,590 --> 00:21:46,790
1127
+ Irregular ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Nucleoli ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุดูˆููŠู‡ุง ูˆุงุถุญุฉ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:21:46,790 --> 00:21:48,590
1131
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:21:52,750 --> 00:21:59,370
1135
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู† uniform ุตุญูŠุญ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:21:59,370 --> 00:22:03,230
1139
+ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุญุฌุงู… ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจุฉ abundance of
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:22:03,230 --> 00:22:05,950
1143
+ cytoplasm ุงู„ู€ cytoplasm ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:22:05,950 --> 00:22:11,330
1147
+ ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ vacuoles ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ vacuoles ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:22:11,330 --> 00:22:17,670
1151
+ ุนู† vacuoles ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง fatsุŒ lipids ูˆุชุนุทูŠู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:22:17,670 --> 00:22:20,270
1155
+ ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุจุงุบุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ sudan black ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:22:21,240 --> 00:22:26,920
1159
+ ุงู„ู€ nucleus ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง round ู†ูŠูˆูƒู„ูŠูˆู„ุงูŠ ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุงู„ู€ L2
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:22:26,920 --> 00:22:35,060
1163
+ ุจุชุดูƒู„ 20% ุงู„ู€ L3 ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:22:35,060 --> 00:22:44,080
1167
+ 5% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ total ALL cases ุทูŠุจ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:22:44,080 --> 00:22:49,450
1171
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู€ acute lymphoblastic leukemia L1ุงู„ู€ 1
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:22:49,450 --> 00:22:55,070
1175
+ ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ู… ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ุงู„ู€ 1 is the most
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:22:55,070 --> 00:22:59,330
1179
+ common form found in children and it has the best
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:22:59,330 --> 00:23:02,330
1183
+ prognosis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูุถู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ prognosis
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:23:02,330 --> 00:23:06,570
1187
+ the cell size is small with fine or clumped
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:23:06,570 --> 00:23:10,250
1191
+ homogeneous nuclear chromatin and absent or
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:23:10,250 --> 00:23:14,890
1195
+ indistinct nuclei ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุดูˆู nuclei ุจุณ ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:23:14,890 --> 00:23:18,570
1199
+ ูˆุงุถุญุฉู‚ุงู„ุชูˆุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุชูˆุง ูุงูƒุฑูŠู†ู‡ ู‚ุงู„ุช ู„ุฃ ุชูƒู†ุช ุงู„ู€
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:23:18,570 --> 00:23:25,430
1203
+ Nuclear Lie ููŠู‡ู… ุฃูˆุถุญ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ Nuclear shape is
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:23:25,430 --> 00:23:33,480
1207
+ regular ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†ุชุธู…ุฉู…ู…ูƒู†
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:23:33,480 --> 00:23:39,540
1211
+ ุชุจู‚ู‰ oval ุนููˆู‹ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุจู‚ู‰ rounded ูˆููŠู‡ุง ุฅูƒู„ูุช ุจุณูŠุท
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:23:39,540 --> 00:23:43,640
1215
+ ุฃูˆ indentation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ู†ุทูˆู‚ ุตุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฏุงุฎู„
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:23:43,640 --> 00:23:47,560
1219
+ ุฌุงูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฏุงุฎู„ ู„ุฌูˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ nucleus ุงู„ู€ cytoplasm
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:23:47,560 --> 00:23:52,460
1223
+ ุชุงุนุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† slight to moderate ุจูŠุฒูˆููŠู„ูŠุง ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:23:52,460 --> 00:23:56,780
1227
+ ุจูŠุฒูˆููŠู„ูŠูƒ ูˆูƒู…ูŠุชู‡ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ L2
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:24:03,060 --> 00:24:09,280
1231
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ู„ุงุญุธูŠู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธู‡ุง ู…ุด
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:24:09,280 --> 00:24:14,180
1235
+ ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณุฉ L2ุŒ the most frequent found in adult
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:24:14,180 --> 00:24:17,840
1239
+ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ AdultุŒ ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุตุบุงุฑ ุงู„ู€ cell size
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:24:17,840 --> 00:24:20,700
1243
+ is large and heterogeneous with variable in
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:24:20,700 --> 00:24:23,900
1247
+ nuclear chromatin and prominent nuclei ุจุดูˆู ููŠู‡ุง
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:24:23,900 --> 00:24:29,500
1251
+ nuclei ุฃูˆุถุญ ู…ู† ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ุงู„ู€ nucleus is irregularุŒ ุฅู†
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:24:29,500 --> 00:24:34,070
1255
+ ูˆุงุชุนุชู‡ุง irregularุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง Clift ุจุณูŠุท and
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:24:34,070 --> 00:24:39,130
1259
+ Intended ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง Clift ุจุณูŠุท ูˆุฏุงุฎู„ ู„ุฌูˆู‡
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:24:39,130 --> 00:24:43,170
1263
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ู†ุชุธู…ุฉ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู€Cytoplasm is
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:24:43,170 --> 00:24:46,690
1267
+ variable and often moderate to abundant ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:24:46,690 --> 00:24:51,050
1271
+ ุฃุดูˆู Cytoplasm ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุชูˆุณุท ุฃูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุชู‡ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎู„ุงู
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:24:51,050 --> 00:24:56,090
1275
+ ุฃู„ูˆุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€Cytoplasm ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุงู„ู€
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:24:56,090 --> 00:24:59,550
1279
+ Cytoplasm ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ Basophilic ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุญุธู†ุงู‡
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:24:59,550 --> 00:25:03,570
1283
+ ุจูŠู† L1 ูˆL2 L1 ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฃู‡ู… ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:25:03,570 --> 00:25:07,610
1287
+ ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณุฉ Cytoplasm ุชุจุนู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุบูŠุฑ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:25:07,610 --> 00:25:11,950
1291
+ ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณุฉ ูˆุบูŠุฑ ู…ู†ุชุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Cytoplasm ู„ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:25:11,950 --> 00:25:19,890
1295
+ ุงู„ู€ L1 L3
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:25:22,390 --> 00:25:27,510
1299
+ L3 ุฃู‚ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ Under ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุจุณ 5% ู…ู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:25:27,510 --> 00:25:32,330
1303
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€ Nuclear
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:25:32,330 --> 00:25:37,330
1307
+ Chromatin Material ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ โ€ฆ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ Homogeneous ุงู„ู€
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:25:37,330 --> 00:25:41,550
1311
+ Nucleoli ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:25:41,550 --> 00:25:46,330
1315
+ LargeุŒ Oval ุฃูˆ Rounded ุงู„ู€ Cytoplasm ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูƒู…ูŠุชู‡
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:25:46,330 --> 00:25:49,990
1319
+ ู…ุชูˆุณุทุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ Vacuoles ุงู„ูˆุงุถุญุฉ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:25:49,990 --> 00:25:54,380
1323
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ Vacuoles ู‡ุฐู‡ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุจุชุฏู„ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:25:54,380 --> 00:25:59,740
1327
+ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ Fat Vacuoles ู„ู…ุง ู‡ุงุฌูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ ุตุจุงุบุฉ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:25:59,740 --> 00:26:03,840
1331
+ ุจุงู„ููŠู„ู… ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ุจุชุฏูˆุจ ุงู„ูุงุช ู„ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ Fixation
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:26:03,840 --> 00:26:07,360
1335
+ ุจุงู„ุฅูŠุซุงู†ุงู„ ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ู…ูŠุซุงู†ุงู„ ู„ู…ุง ุจุนู…ู„ Fixation ู‡ูŠุฏูˆู‘ุจ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:26:07,360 --> 00:26:12,680
1339
+ ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ูู‡ูŠุชุฑูƒ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ูุฌูˆุงุช ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุตุจูˆุบุฉ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:26:12,680 --> 00:26:16,520
1343
+ ูู‚ุฏุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุญุชูˆู‰ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฐู‡ุจ ูˆุฑุงู‡ ู…ุน
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:26:16,520 --> 00:26:19,620
1347
+ ุงู„ูƒุญูˆู„ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€Fixation ุนู„ุดุงู† ุฃูƒูŠ ุจุดูˆู ุงู„ู€Vacuoles
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:26:19,620 --> 00:26:22,980
1351
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุงู† ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ููŠู‡ุง ูุงุชู„ูƒู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุจูŠุงู†ุงุช ูุงุฑู‚ุฉ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:26:22,980 --> 00:26:28,240
1355
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:26:28,240 --> 00:26:34,160
1359
+ ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุนู„ูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ ALL ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุจ ุงู„ู€
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:26:34,160 --> 00:26:38,440
1363
+ Children ู…ู† ุณู†ุชูŠู† ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณ ุณู†ูˆุงุช ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‚ุฏ ุชุตูŠุจ ุงู„ู€
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:26:38,440 --> 00:26:43,620
1367
+ Adult ุงู„ู€ Clinical Finding ู„ู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:26:43,620 --> 00:26:51,540
1371
+ Symptoms ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ุฒูŠ ุจุงู„ุฑุŒ ุดุญูˆุจุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง Wet lossุŒ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:26:51,540 --> 00:26:55,620
1375
+ feverุŒ IrritabilityุŒ Anorexia InfectionุŒ bleedingุŒ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:26:55,620 --> 00:26:59,980
1379
+ and wound pain ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุจุงู† ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจูŠู†ูŠุง ุจุงู† ุณุงูŠุชูˆุจูŠู†ูŠุง
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:26:59,980 --> 00:27:04,400
1383
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ineffective hemobiasis ูู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:27:04,400 --> 00:27:06,880
1387
+ Blatelets ู‡ุชู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ู€ white bases ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:27:06,880 --> 00:27:09,300
1391
+ functional ุงู„ mature white bases ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:27:09,300 --> 00:27:13,680
1395
+ deficiency ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุถุฏ ุงู„
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:27:13,680 --> 00:27:16,980
1399
+ infection ูุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ infectionุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ bleeding
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:27:16,980 --> 00:27:21,200
1403
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ pancytopemia ุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ุดุฎูˆุจ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:27:21,200 --> 00:27:25,000
1407
+ RBCs ู…ุง ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูุญูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง Bone pain ุทุจุนุงู‹
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:27:25,000 --> 00:27:28,360
1411
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ stimulation ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ูˆุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:27:28,360 --> 00:27:32,280
1415
+ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ู„ู„ู€ abnormal cells ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ one ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:27:32,280 --> 00:27:35,100
1419
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู€ two ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ adult ุงู„ู€ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุชุณู…ู‰
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:27:46,390 --> 00:27:51,650
1423
+ ูุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู„ุชุงุดุฑ ุณู†ุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:27:51,650 --> 00:27:57,890
1427
+ ุฃูุถู„ ุฃูุถู„ Prognosis ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุณู†ุฉ ูˆุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:27:57,890 --> 00:28:02,890
1431
+ ุชู„ุชุงุด ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ Prognosis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ู… ุจูˆุฑ ุณูŠุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:28:02,890 --> 00:28:09,390
1435
+ ู…ู† ุณู†ุฉ ุฅู„ู‰ ุชู„ุชุงุด ูŠุชุนุงููˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู†ูŠุง ุงู„ู€ ALL ุทูŠุจ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:28:09,390 --> 00:28:12,670
1439
+ ู†ูŠุดูŠ ู„ู„ู€ White BCs Count ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ White BCs Count
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:28:13,200 --> 00:28:18,620
1443
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุฒุงุฏ ุจุฏู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ููŠ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:28:18,620 --> 00:28:24,460
1447
+ ูˆุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุฃู†ุดุท ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ YPCs count ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 10 ุฃู„ุงู
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:28:24,460 --> 00:28:29,620
1451
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ diagnosis ุงู„ู€ prognosis ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูุถู„ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:28:29,620 --> 00:28:34,380
1455
+ ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฃู„ู ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ prognosis poor ุชู…ุงู…
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:28:34,380 --> 00:28:41,100
1459
+ ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:28:42,630 --> 00:28:46,330
1463
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Predominant Cell ุฅุฐุง
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:28:46,330 --> 00:28:51,390
1467
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชูŠุณู„ ุชูŠุณู„ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠูˆุนุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุงู„
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:28:51,390 --> 00:28:56,970
1471
+ ุงู„ุชูŠุณู„ ุจูˆุฑุฑ ุงู„ู€ Prognosis ุจูˆุฑุฑ ุงู„ู€ Prognosis ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:28:56,970 --> 00:29:00,410
1475
+ ุงู„ู€ Prognosis ุจุชุงุนูƒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุชูŠุณู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุธุงุฆูู‡ุง
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:29:00,410 --> 00:29:06,950
1479
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฃุตู„ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ B cell ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ B cell
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:29:08,270 --> 00:29:12,910
1483
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุนุฏู„ ุดูุงุก 70% ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:29:12,910 --> 00:29:17,630
1487
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ALL ูˆุงู„ู€ diagnosis ูƒุงู† ุจู€ cell ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:29:17,630 --> 00:29:22,410
1491
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ B cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ B cell ุงู„ู€
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:29:22,410 --> 00:29:23,550
1495
+ prognosis ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฃูุถู„
1496
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwZMFBrUcRiLUW660ZZJ9vip/U5ZlKzo79yw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1591 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:15,420 --> 00:00:18,420
3
+ ู†ุฌูŠ ู„ู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€Diagnosis ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:18,420 --> 00:00:20,140
7
+ ุงู„ู€Diagnosis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:20,140 --> 00:00:24,120
11
+ ุงู„ู€Cytogenetics/Cytogenetic studies ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุขู†
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:24,120 --> 00:00:28,840
15
+ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€Diagnosis ู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุงุช
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:28,840 --> 00:00:32,260
19
+ ุงู„ู€Hematologic Malignancies ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ู„ุชู†ุจุค
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:32,260 --> 00:00:35,700
23
+ ุจุงู„ู€Prognosis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€Abnormality
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:35,700 --> 00:00:40,240
27
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงูŠุฑุฉ ู†ุชูˆู‚ุน ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€Prognosis ููŠ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู†
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:40,240 --> 00:00:44,410
31
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ Specific
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:44,410 --> 00:00:48,230
35
+ Chromosomal Abnormalities ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ Abnormality ุฅุฐุง
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:48,230 --> 00:00:51,430
39
+ ู„ุงู‚ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุจู†ุชูˆู‚ุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุฃูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:51,430 --> 00:00:54,790
43
+ ุงู„ู€Diagnosis ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:54,790 --> 00:00:58,910
47
+ Including Specific Translocation and Aneuploidy
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:58,910 --> 00:01:03,030
51
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ Translocation โ€ฆChromosomal
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:03,030 --> 00:01:08,890
55
+ Translocation ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ Aneuploidy ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:08,890 --> 00:01:12,720
59
+ ุฃูˆ ุชุบูŠุฑ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃูˆ ู†ู‚ุตุงู† ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู…ุงุช The
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:12,720 --> 00:01:15,820
63
+ specific type of malignancy can be identified
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:15,820 --> 00:01:19,620
67
+ based on the specific abnormality or translocation
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:19,620 --> 00:01:25,080
71
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุชู†ุจุฃ ุจู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€ Malignancy ุฃูˆ ู†ุดุฎุตู‡ุง
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:25,080 --> 00:01:28,260
75
+ ุจู†ุงุก ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ abnormality ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ translocation ุงู„ู„ูŠ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:28,260 --> 00:01:31,890
79
+ ุตุงุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:31,890 --> 00:01:36,090
83
+ Philadelphia chromosome ุจุชูˆู‚ุน ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ CML ุฃูˆ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:36,090 --> 00:01:39,670
87
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุทูˆุฑ ุญุงู„ุฉ CML ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐูŠู† ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:39,670 --> 00:01:43,170
91
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุทูŠู† ุจุจุนุถ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจู†ุงุกู‹ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Translocation
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:43,170 --> 00:01:47,270
95
+ ุฃู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุนุฑู ุฃูˆ ุฃุดุฎุต ู†ูˆุน ู…ุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:47,270 --> 00:01:52,270
99
+ Malignancy ููŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุฏู… This may be identified by
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:52,270 --> 00:01:55,790
103
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Abnormalities ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:55,790 --> 00:02:00,650
107
+ Karyotyping ุนุดุงู† ู†ุดูˆู ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู…ุงุช ุฃูˆ ูุญูˆุตุงุช
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:00,650 --> 00:02:06,850
111
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ DNA ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ูุญูˆุตุงุช ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:06,850 --> 00:02:10,370
115
+ ุญุณุจ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูƒุดู ุนู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุฎุชุงุฑ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:10,370 --> 00:02:14,780
119
+ ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ู„ุงุญุธุฉ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:14,780 --> 00:02:18,460
123
+ Karyotyping normal ุจู†ุชูˆู‚ุน ุฅู† ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:18,460 --> 00:02:21,640
127
+ Favorable Prognosis ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ Karyotyping
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:21,640 --> 00:02:24,720
131
+ ููŠู‡ defect ุฃูˆ ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูู‡ุฐุง ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:24,720 --> 00:02:27,940
135
+ Translocation ุจูŠู† ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู…ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:27,940 --> 00:02:32,400
139
+ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… 7 ูˆ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… 8 ุตุงุฑ ุชุจุงุฏู„ ู„ู‚ุทุนุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ long
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:32,400 --> 00:02:37,240
143
+ arm ูู†ุดุฃ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู…ุงุช ุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง Translocation ูŠุนู†ูŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:37,240 --> 00:02:42,680
147
+ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุฎุฐ ุฑุฒู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:42,680 --> 00:02:45,160
151
+ Karyotyping ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€ Karyotyping ูƒูŠู
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:45,160 --> 00:02:48,540
155
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู…ุงุช ู„ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูุฑุฒู‡ุง ูˆ ุจู†ุจู„ุด ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:48,540 --> 00:02:55,600
159
+ ู†ุนูŠุฏู‡ุง ุทูŠุจ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ุจุนุถ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ Abnormalities ุงู„ู€
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:55,600 --> 00:02:59,300
163
+ Common ููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:02:59,300 --> 00:03:07,520
167
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ู€ ALL ุดุงุฆุน ููŠู‡ุง Translocation 9;22 ู„ู€ Pre
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:07,520 --> 00:03:13,620
171
+ -B ALL Translocation 1;19 ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:13,620 --> 00:03:18,840
175
+ ุงู„ู€ L1 ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ L1 ูˆ L2 ุงู„ู€ PALL ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:18,840 --> 00:03:25,060
179
+ Translocation ู…ุง ุจูŠู† 8 ูˆ 14ุŒ 8 ูˆ 22ุŒ 2 ูˆ 8 ูŠุนู†ูŠ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:25,060 --> 00:03:28,240
183
+ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ ููŠู‡ู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ Translocation ูŠุตูŠุฑ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:28,240 --> 00:03:32,940
187
+ Translocation ุจูŠู†ู‡ ูˆุจูŠู† 2 ุฃูˆ 22 ุฃูˆ 14 ููŠ ุงู„ู€
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:32,940 --> 00:03:37,460
191
+ Burkitt lymphoma ููŠ ุงู„ู€ L3 ููŠ ุงู„ู€ TALL ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:37,460 --> 00:03:43,660
195
+ Translocation 11 ูˆ 14 ููŠ L1 ูˆ L2 ุงู„ู€ AML ุงู„ู€ AML
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:43,660 --> 00:03:47,860
199
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุญุณุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ M2 ู…ู…ูƒู†
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:47,860 --> 00:03:52,800
203
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ Translocation 8;21 ููŠ ุงู„ู€ M3 ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุดุงุฆุน
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:52,800 --> 00:03:56,860
207
+ ุฌุฏุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:56,860 --> 00:04:04,100
211
+ Translocation 15;17 ุงู„ู€ M7 ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ Deletion ููŠู‡
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:04,100 --> 00:04:09,980
215
+ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… 11 ุงู„ู€ M4 Inversion 16 Translocation 16;16
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:09,980 --> 00:04:14,910
219
+ M6 Translocation 8 ุฅู„ู‰ 16 ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุดูŠูˆุนู‹ุง ูˆุจุฏูŠ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:14,910 --> 00:04:19,170
223
+ ุฃูŠุงูƒู… ุชุนุฑููˆุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€AML ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€AML
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:19,170 --> 00:04:27,130
227
+ ุดู‡ูŠุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ู€15-17 Translocation ุงู„ู„ูŠ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:27,130 --> 00:04:31,030
231
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€M3 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ุตุฏ ุงู„ู€AML M3
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:37,390 --> 00:04:42,190
235
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุถ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุด
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:42,190 --> 00:04:47,110
239
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ translocations ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ุฃุฌูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:47,110 --> 00:04:50,590
243
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญูŠูƒู„ูƒ ุฃุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:50,590 --> 00:04:52,470
247
+ ููŠู‡ุง Inversion ุฃูˆ Translocation
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:24,390 --> 00:06:28,690
251
+ ุทูŠุจุŒ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅูŠุด ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… ุงู„ู€ Abnormalities
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:28,690 --> 00:06:34,970
255
+ ุจุงู„ู€ Prognosis ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ ALLุŸ ู‡ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุจู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูƒ ู„ูˆ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:34,970 --> 00:06:41,070
259
+ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ Karyotyping Normal ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ Hyperploidy
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:41,070 --> 00:06:44,310
263
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู…ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Prognosis ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:44,310 --> 00:06:49,330
267
+ ุฃูุถู„ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ู€ Poor Prognosis ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† Translocation
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:49,330 --> 00:06:56,700
271
+ 8;14 ุฃูˆ 4;11 very poor prognosis ุณูŠุฆ ุฌุฏุงู‹
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:56,700 --> 00:07:02,300
275
+ Translocation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 9;22 ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนุชุจุฑ very poor
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:07:02,300 --> 00:07:07,480
279
+ prognosis ุจุนุถ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:07:07,480 --> 00:07:11,000
283
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… ุงู„ู€ abnormalities ููŠ ุงู„ู€ AML ูˆ ุนู„ุงู‚ุชู‡ุง
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:07:11,000 --> 00:07:16,220
287
+ ุจุงู„ู€ prognosis ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู€ good prognosis ุงู„ู€ good
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:07:16,220 --> 00:07:20,080
291
+ prognosis ุจูŠุญุตู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ Translocation 8 ุฅู„ู‰
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:20,080 --> 00:07:26,130
295
+ 21 ุฃูˆ 15 ุฅู„ู‰ 17 ุฃูˆ ุตุงุฑ Inversion 16 Intermediate ุฒูŠ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:26,130 --> 00:07:32,430
299
+ Abnormal Karyotyping ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู…ุงุช ุฒูŠ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:32,430 --> 00:07:35,830
303
+ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… 8ุŒ 21ุŒ 22 ุฃูˆ Deletion ููŠ ุงู„ู€Long Arm
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:35,830 --> 00:07:39,870
307
+ ู„ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… 7 ุฃูˆ Deletion ููŠ ุงู„ู€Long Arm ู„ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… 9
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:07:39,870 --> 00:07:45,930
311
+ Poor Prognosis ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… 5 ุฃูˆ 7 ุฅุฐุง
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:45,930 --> 00:07:49,150
315
+ ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ Deletion ููŠ ุงู„ู€Long Arm ู„ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… 5 ุฃูˆ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:49,150 --> 00:07:53,950
319
+ Abnormal Long arm ู„ู€Chromosome 3 Complex
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:53,950 --> 00:07:58,030
323
+ Karyotyping ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:58,030 --> 00:08:01,030
327
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ abnormality ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ diagnosis ู‡ู†ุง very
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:08:01,030 --> 00:08:05,630
331
+ bad ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ู…ุด ู„ู„ุญูุธ ุฏุนูˆู†ูŠ ุงู„ ALL ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:05,630 --> 00:08:10,050
335
+ ุชุญูุธูˆู‡ู… ุจุณ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ path of physiology of
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:08:10,050 --> 00:08:15,170
339
+ acute leukemia ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุตูŠุฑุŸ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ mortality
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:15,170 --> 00:08:20,010
343
+ ูˆ ุงู„ morbidity ู…ู† ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:08:20,010 --> 00:08:25,010
347
+ Hematopoiesis ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ุง ููŠุด
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:08:25,010 --> 00:08:29,430
351
+ normal blood cell number or function ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูู‚ุฏ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:08:29,430 --> 00:08:31,910
355
+ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ูˆ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ white
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:08:31,910 --> 00:08:35,170
359
+ blood cells ู…ุด ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ normal ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงููŠ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:08:35,170 --> 00:08:38,630
363
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆูุงุช ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุจู„ุงุชู„ุชุฒ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:38,630 --> 00:08:41,710
367
+ ููŠู‡ุง Deficiency ูู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ Bleeding RBCs ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:41,710 --> 00:08:46,130
371
+ ููŠู‡ุง ู†ู‚ุต ูู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ Anemia ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู† ู‡ุฐู‡
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:46,130 --> 00:08:50,710
375
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูƒุงู„ู€ Malignant ู‡ุชุฎุฒู‘ู† ุงู„ู€ vital organs ููŠ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:50,710 --> 00:08:54,510
379
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆุชุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ function ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุดุบู„ุฉ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:54,510 --> 00:08:57,470
383
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ Systemic disturbances shown by metabolic
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:57,470 --> 00:09:00,970
387
+ imbalance ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุชุงุจูˆู„ูŠุฒู… ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:09:00,970 --> 00:09:05,270
391
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:09:05,270 --> 00:09:09,750
395
+ ุชูุฑุฒู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุชูƒูˆู†ู‡ุง ู‡ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ Deficiency of
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:09:09,750 --> 00:09:12,690
399
+ normal blood cell number or function ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:09:12,690 --> 00:09:16,570
403
+ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ White BCs ูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ุฅู†ููƒุดู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:09:16,570 --> 00:09:18,970
407
+ Platelets ูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ู‡ูŠู…ูˆุฑุงุฌ ููŠ ุงู„ู€RBCs ู‡ูŠุคุฏูŠ ู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:09:18,970 --> 00:09:23,370
411
+ Infiltration of tissue or organs ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู†
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:23,370 --> 00:09:27,570
415
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุบุฐูˆ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ organs ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:27,570 --> 00:09:30,370
419
+ enlargement ู„ู„ู€ liver ู„ู„ู€spleen ู„ู„ู€ lymph nodes
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:30,370 --> 00:09:35,500
423
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ Gum hypertrophy ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุฃู„ู… ุดุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:35,500 --> 00:09:38,720
427
+ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุขุฎุฑ ุนุถูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูˆุตู„ ู„ู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Central
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:38,720 --> 00:09:43,320
431
+ Nervous System ูˆุงู„ุณูƒู† ูˆุงู„ุชุณุชุณ ูˆุฃูŠ ุนุถูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุจ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:43,320 --> 00:09:48,380
435
+ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู… Hypertrophy ููŠ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:48,380 --> 00:09:52,380
439
+ ุงู„ู€ AML ุฃู†ูุงุฑ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง Atypical cells ูˆุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:52,380 --> 00:09:55,420
443
+ Monocytes ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ Infiltration
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:55,420 --> 00:09:58,420
447
+ ู…ู† ุตูุงุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Monocytes chemotaxis ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:58,420 --> 00:10:01,600
451
+ Infiltration ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:01,600 --> 00:10:07,990
455
+ Infiltration ุงู„ุฌู…ูƒู„ูˆุฑุงู…ุง ุชู„ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู…
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:07,990 --> 00:10:14,970
459
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุชู„ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุทูŠุจ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:14,970 --> 00:10:20,830
463
+ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู€ Leukostasis ุฅูŠุด Leukostasis ู‡ุฐู‡ุŸ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู€
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:20,830 --> 00:10:26,670
467
+ Blast Cells ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชุชุฌู…ุน ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆุชุฑูˆุญ ูˆู‚ูุฉ ููŠ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:10:26,670 --> 00:10:29,630
471
+ ุงู„ู€ microcirculation ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Circulations ุงู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:10:30,490 --> 00:10:34,130
475
+ ูุจุชุนู…ู„ ุฒูŠ Emboli ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ EmboliุŸ ุฒูŠ ุฌู„ุทุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:34,130 --> 00:10:38,090
479
+ ุจุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Blast ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Perfusion
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:38,090 --> 00:10:41,110
483
+ ู„ู„ุนุถูˆ ู‡ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Blood ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุงุตู„ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถูˆ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:41,110 --> 00:10:45,250
487
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠู†ุชุฌ ุนู†ู‡ุŸ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Lung ู…ู…ูƒู†
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:45,250 --> 00:10:50,250
491
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ Hypoxemia Pulmonary Infiltrate ู‡ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:50,250 --> 00:10:54,670
495
+ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู†ุชุดุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Lung ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ Hypoxia
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:54,670 --> 00:10:57,210
499
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Lung ุงู„ู€ Central Nervous System ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:57,210 --> 00:11:00,620
503
+ Stroke ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅูŠุด ุชุนู…ู„ุŸ it's ุณุฏู‘ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ุดุฑุงูŠูŠู†
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:11:00,620 --> 00:11:06,460
507
+ ุงู„ุฑุฆูŠุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุบุฐูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฏู…ุงุบ ูˆุชุนู…ู„ ุฌู„ุทุฉ ุฏู…ุงุบูŠุฉ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุง
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:11:06,460 --> 00:11:09,260
511
+ ุฏูŠ ุจู‚ูˆู„ูƒ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุณ ุจุชุจูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ "white pieces"
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:11:09,260 --> 00:11:11,240
515
+ ุฃูˆ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ "white pieces" ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ููˆู‚
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:11:11,240 --> 00:11:14,940
519
+ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุฃู„ู "hyperleukocytosis" ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:11:14,940 --> 00:11:20,140
523
+ "white pieces" ููˆู‚ ุงู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุฃู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ุณูŠุฆุฉ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:11:20,140 --> 00:11:24,540
527
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุฃู†ู‡
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:11:24,540 --> 00:11:29,510
531
+ ุจุชุฏูˆุฑ ุฅู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ sanctuary site ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ sanctuary
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:29,510 --> 00:11:35,590
535
+ siteุŸ ู…ูƒุงู† ุฃูˆ ู…ู„ุงุฐ ุขู…ู† ุงู„ุขู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:35,590 --> 00:11:39,530
539
+ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุง ูŠูˆุตู„ ู„ู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:39,530 --> 00:11:43,210
543
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Cytotoxic Drug ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูˆูŠ ูˆุงู„ุฃุฏูˆูŠุฉ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:43,210 --> 00:11:47,610
547
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุง ุชูˆุตู„ ู„ู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ CNS ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Testis
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:47,610 --> 00:11:50,890
551
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ Meninges ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ู…ุง ุจูˆุตู„ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:50,890 --> 00:11:57,810
555
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ูˆ ุจุชุฎุชููŠ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุชู‚ุนุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:57,810 --> 00:12:01,150
559
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุนู…ู„ุช Infiltration ููŠ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:12:01,150 --> 00:12:05,970
563
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ุด ุฑุงุญ ูŠูˆุตู„ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุฃุฎุฏ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:12:05,970 --> 00:12:10,430
567
+ ุงู„ุนู„ุงุฌ ูˆุฎู„ุต ูˆุงุชุนุงูู‰ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุฏูŠ ู„ุงุฒุงู„ุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู†
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:12:10,430 --> 00:12:15,330
571
+ ุชุทู„ุน ูˆุชุนู…ู„ Relapse ุชุนู…ู„ ุนูˆุฏุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุฑุถ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุดุงุฆุนุฉ ููŠ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:15,330 --> 00:12:18,710
575
+ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Childhood ALL ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ Acute Lymphoblastic
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:18,710 --> 00:12:22,430
579
+ Disease ุงู„ุณุจุจ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุณุจุงุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† Harmful
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:22,430 --> 00:12:24,790
583
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุชุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆูุงุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:24,790 --> 00:12:29,600
587
+ Metabolic Disturbances ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:29,600 --> 00:12:33,040
591
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ Hyponatremia ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:33,040 --> 00:12:36,600
595
+ Hyponatremia ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู…ุŸ ุทุจ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู†ู‚ุต
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:36,600 --> 00:12:40,580
599
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู…ุŸ ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุฌูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:40,580 --> 00:12:44,750
603
+ ููŠู‡ุง Myeloblast ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€AML ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:44,750 --> 00:12:49,150
607
+ Myeloblast ุจุชูุฑุฒ ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† Vasopressin-like ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู†
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:49,150 --> 00:12:53,790
611
+ ุดุจูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ู€ Vasopressin ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ูˆู† ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:53,790 --> 00:12:58,170
615
+ ู‡ุฑูˆุจ ุงู„ุตูˆุฏูŠูˆู… ุนุจุฑ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ุนููˆุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ Sodium ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:58,170 --> 00:13:03,350
619
+ ูุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู‡ุฑูˆุจู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ู‡ูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู†ู‚ุตู‡
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:03,350 --> 00:13:06,090
623
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ circulation ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุญุงู„ุฉ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:06,090 --> 00:13:10,010
627
+ Hyponatremia ุงู„ุดุบู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ Hypokalemia ู†ู‚ุต
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:10,010 --> 00:13:13,950
631
+ ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ู†ู‚ุต ุงู„ุจูˆุชุงุณูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุญุงู„ ุนุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุงุช
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:13,950 --> 00:13:19,010
635
+ ุงู„ู€ M4 ูˆุงู„ู€ M5 ู‡ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุงูŠ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฎู„ู„ ุจุฑุถู‡ ููŠ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:19,010 --> 00:13:23,310
639
+ ุงู„ู€ kidney ุทูŠุจุŒ ุดุบู„ุฉ ุฑุงุจุนุฉุŒ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู€ Uric Acid
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:23,310 --> 00:13:26,670
643
+ ุทุจ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู€ Uric AcidุŸ ุทุจ ุฃู† ุฅุญู†ุง
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:26,670 --> 00:13:29,290
647
+ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ู€ blood cells ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:29,290 --> 00:13:33,250
651
+ fragile ูู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ุง spontaneous lysis ุงู„ู€
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:33,250 --> 00:13:35,790
655
+ spontaneous lysis ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠูุฑุฒ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:35,790 --> 00:13:39,550
659
+ ุงู„ุจูŠูˆุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ circulation ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:39,550 --> 00:13:43,150
663
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ Uric Acid ุงู„ู€ Uric Acid
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:43,150 --> 00:13:48,730
667
+ ู‡ูŠุดูƒู„ ู„ูˆุฏูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ู…ุด ู‡ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†ู‡
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:48,730 --> 00:13:51,710
671
+ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุงููŠ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฃุณุงุณุงู‹ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:51,710 --> 00:13:55,210
675
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎุทูŠุฑ ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:55,210 --> 00:14:01,160
679
+ ูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุบุณูŠู„ ูƒู„ู‰ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ุดุบู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุจุชุถุงุนู ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุน
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:01,160 --> 00:14:03,800
683
+ ุงู„ู€ cytotoxic drugs ุงู„ู€ cytotoxic drugs ุงู„ู„ูŠ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:03,800 --> 00:14:07,140
687
+ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ู‡ุฐุงู„ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ lysis
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:07,140 --> 00:14:10,800
691
+ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ cytotoxic drugs ู‡ุชู…ูˆุช ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:10,800 --> 00:14:15,880
695
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณุฑุทุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุณุฑุทุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠุฒูŠุฏ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:15,880 --> 00:14:19,940
699
+ ุงู„ุฅูุฑุงุฒ ู„ุจูŠูˆุฑูŠู† ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ูŠูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุฃุณูŠุฏ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:19,940 --> 00:14:24,480
703
+ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠุนุทู„ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ cytotoxic drug
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:24,480 --> 00:14:28,240
707
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ nephrotoxic ูู‡ูŠุถุงุนู ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุชูƒุณูŠุฑ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:28,240 --> 00:14:31,820
711
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:31,820 --> 00:14:36,160
715
+ Cytotoxic Drug ูˆุชุฃุซูŠุฑู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ู‰ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุณู„ุจูŠ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:36,160 --> 00:14:41,940
719
+ ู‡ูŠุคุซุฑ ูˆูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูˆูŠูˆุตู„ู‡ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุตุนุจุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู†
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:41,940 --> 00:14:45,900
723
+ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ู„ู€ Dialysis ุทูŠุจุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Acute
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:45,900 --> 00:14:49,340
727
+ Leukemia ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู„ุฎุต ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุจุนุถ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:49,340 --> 00:14:53,500
731
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุฒู…ู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Diagnosis ุฃูˆู„
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:53,500 --> 00:14:57,380
735
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Acute Leukemia ุงู„ู€ Lab Finding ุฃูˆู„
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:57,380 --> 00:15:04,320
739
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ White BCs ุนุงุฏุฉ elevated ุจุณ ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:04,320 --> 00:15:08,420
743
+ Normal ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ุดุฑุท ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฏุงูŠู…ุงู‹ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู†
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:08,420 --> 00:15:11,660
747
+ ุฃุดูˆู Blast ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Peripheral Blood ุจูˆู† ู…ุงุฑูˆ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:11,660 --> 00:15:15,880
751
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ุฃุดูˆู ููŠู‡ Blast ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 20% ุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุนุงุฏุฉ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:15,880 --> 00:15:20,070
755
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† Normocytic Anemia ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุฃุดูˆู
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:20,070 --> 00:15:25,670
759
+ ุฃุซุฑูˆู…ุจูˆุณูŠุชุจูŠู†ูŠุง ุงู„ู€ Neutropenia ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุทูˆุฑ ู„ู€ DIC
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:25,670 --> 00:15:30,430
763
+ Bone
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:30,430 --> 00:15:32,910
767
+ marrow in acute leukemia ูƒูŠู ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู€ bone
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:32,910 --> 00:15:36,110
771
+ marrow ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ acute
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:36,110 --> 00:15:39,570
775
+ leukemia ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„ diagnosis
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:39,570 --> 00:15:43,650
779
+ ูˆู†ุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ type ู„ู„ู€ leukemia ูˆู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ู€ prognosis
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:43,650 --> 00:15:46,590
783
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ acute leukemia are defined by the
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:46,590 --> 00:15:50,010
787
+ presence of more than 20% blast in bone marrow
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:50,010 --> 00:15:53,750
791
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒู… ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 20% ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู€ bone marrow
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:53,750 --> 00:16:01,990
795
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ nucleated cells ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† blast cells ุจุฏู†ุง
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:01,990 --> 00:16:06,250
799
+ ู†ู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ AML ูˆุงู„ู€ ALL ุจุงู„ู€ Light Microscope
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:06,250 --> 00:16:10,510
803
+ ุงู„ุนุงุฏู‰ ุงู„ู€ AML ููŠู‡ุง Auer rods ููŠู‡ุง Cytoplasmic
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:10,510 --> 00:16:14,850
807
+ Granules ููŠู‡ุง ุจูŠุฑูˆูƒุณูŠุฏุงุฒ Positive ุทุจุนุง ุจุงู„ู€
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:14,850 --> 00:16:18,810
811
+ Special Stain ุงู„ู€ ALL ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง Auer rods
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:18,810 --> 00:16:23,450
815
+ ุฃูˆ ุฌุฑุงู†ูŠูˆู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Myeloperoxidase Negative ูˆุงู„ู€
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:23,450 --> 00:16:26,570
819
+ TdT Positive ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู…ูŠุฒ ุจุดูƒู„ ุตุญูŠุญ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:26,570 --> 00:16:30,110
823
+ Immunophenotyping ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู€ Flow Cytometry ู…ู…ูƒู†
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:30,110 --> 00:16:31,810
827
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… Special Stain
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:35,940 --> 00:16:39,040
831
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:39,040 --> 00:16:42,900
835
+ Chronic Leukemia ุทุจุนุง Chronic Leukemia ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:42,900 --> 00:16:46,680
839
+ Clonal expansion of white blood cells are taking
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:16:46,680 --> 00:16:49,420
843
+ place in the bone marrow ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ white
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:16:49,420 --> 00:16:53,720
847
+ blood cells ู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุทุจุนุง ุญุณุจ ู†ูˆุน
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:53,720 --> 00:16:58,240
851
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุจุตู†ูู‡ุง ู„ู€ Lymphoid ูˆ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:16:58,240 --> 00:17:01,760
855
+ Myeloid Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia ูˆChronic
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:01,760 --> 00:17:03,720
859
+ Myelocytic Leukemia
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:36,510 --> 00:17:40,730
863
+ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ู€ incidence of chronic leukemia ุงู„ู€ chronic
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:40,730 --> 00:17:45,610
867
+ lymphoid leukemia 90% ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุชู‡ุง ุจุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ููŠ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:45,610 --> 00:17:50,370
871
+ ุณู† ุงู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู†ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ุชูˆุณุท ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ diagnosis
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:50,370 --> 00:17:55,250
875
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ ุงู„ incidence of the disease
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:17:55,250 --> 00:17:59,610
879
+ increase with age ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุน ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ูุฑุตุฉ ุญุฏูˆุซ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:59,610 --> 00:18:03,610
883
+ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ it is almost never seen in children ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:03,610 --> 00:18:07,220
887
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ุง ุจุดูˆูู‡ุงุด ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุงู„ู€ Chronic
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:07,220 --> 00:18:11,020
891
+ Myeloid Leukemia ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุจุชูˆุตู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู…ู†ุชุตู
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:11,020 --> 00:18:16,000
895
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนูŠู†ูŠุงุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุดูƒู„ 4% ู…ู† ุญุงู„ุงุช
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:16,000 --> 00:18:20,600
899
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู„ู€ Lab Diagnosis of
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:20,600 --> 00:18:24,240
903
+ Leukemia ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:24,240 --> 00:18:28,280
907
+ peripheral blood ููŠ ุงู„ู€ peripheral blood ุจุดูˆู
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:28,280 --> 00:18:32,900
911
+ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ lymphocyte lymphocytosis ุจุดูˆู
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:32,900 --> 00:18:41,950
915
+ thrombocytopenia ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Platelets ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ู€
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:41,950 --> 00:18:47,370
919
+ CLL ุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง Smudge Cell
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:47,370 --> 00:18:50,310
923
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:18:50,310 --> 00:18:54,790
927
+ Fragile Cell ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุจูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชู†ู‡ุฑุณ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:18:54,790 --> 00:18:58,950
931
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูุฑุฏ The blood smear could show many
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:18:58,950 --> 00:19:02,290
935
+ abnormal looking lymphocyte called Smudge Cell
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:02,290 --> 00:19:06,420
939
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฎุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒูŠูุŸ ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุญุณ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุณ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:06,420 --> 00:19:10,360
943
+ ู†ูˆุงุฉ ู…ุง ููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠ ู…ุนุงู„ู… ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ cytoplasm
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:10,360 --> 00:19:15,020
947
+ ุงู†ู‡ุฑุณ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูุฑุฏ ุงู„ู€ bone marrow ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:15,020 --> 00:19:18,920
951
+ hypercellular ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ mature
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:18,920 --> 00:19:21,980
955
+ lymphocyte ุทูŠุจ ุฅูŠุด ูˆุถุน ุงู„ู€ blastุŸ ู…ุง ููŠุด ุนู†ุฏูŠ blast
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:21,980 --> 00:19:26,180
959
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง chronic ุงู„ู€ blast ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุฌุฏุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:26,180 --> 00:19:29,820
963
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ blast ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ acute
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:35,270 --> 00:19:38,530
967
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู†ุงุฏุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Lymphocytic Leukemia
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:38,530 --> 00:19:42,970
971
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Pro-Lymphocytic Leukemia ุฅุญู†ุง ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:19:42,970 --> 00:19:47,530
975
+ Morphology ู‚ุฏ ู†ู…ูŠุฒ ุงู„ู€ Lymphocyte ุฅู„ู‰ 3 ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:19:47,530 --> 00:19:51,470
979
+ ู‡ูŠ Lymphoblast ูˆ Pro-Lymphocyte ูˆ Lymphocyte
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:19:51,470 --> 00:19:55,410
983
+ ูˆู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒู… ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุชุดุงุจู‡ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ุนุดุงู†
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:19:55,410 --> 00:19:58,250
987
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃูุถู„ ุดูŠุก ุจู†ู…ูŠุฒ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู€
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:19:58,250 --> 00:20:02,090
991
+ Immunophenotyping ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Cell Markers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุธู‡ุฑ ููŠ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:02,090 --> 00:20:06,110
995
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู€ Maturation ู„ู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Pro
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:06,110 --> 00:20:10,370
999
+ -lymphocytic leukemia ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Pro
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:10,370 --> 00:20:13,470
1003
+ -Lymphocyte ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Cancers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ Pro
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:13,470 --> 00:20:18,030
1007
+ -Lymphocyte ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† immature form of B or T
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:18,030 --> 00:20:20,990
1011
+ -Lymphocyte ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฎู„ูŠุฉ immature ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุงู„ู€
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:20,990 --> 00:20:24,490
1015
+ mature form ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ู…ุง ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:24,490 --> 00:20:27,330
1019
+ ููŠู‡ุง Blast ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ Blast normal
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:20:27,330 --> 00:20:29,730
1023
+ ุฃูˆ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชุนุชุจุฑ chronic
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:20:33,920 --> 00:20:38,000
1027
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุชุจุฑ ยซRare of lymphoid
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:20:38,000 --> 00:20:41,980
1031
+ leukemiaยป ยซRare type of lymphoid chronic leukemiaยป
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:20:41,980 --> 00:20:45,960
1035
+ ุงู„ู€ Hairy cell leukemia Hairy cell leukemia ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:20:45,960 --> 00:20:50,700
1039
+ ุนู† Cancer of Lymphocyte ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุจู€ Progress
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:20:50,700 --> 00:20:55,720
1043
+ slowly ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุชุทูˆุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุจุจุทุก ุงู„ู€ Cancer cell
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:20:55,720 --> 00:21:00,170
1047
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† B Lymphocyte ุงู„ู€ Cancer Cell ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Ash
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:00,170 --> 00:21:04,010
1051
+ B-Lymphocyte ู„ูƒู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:04,010 --> 00:21:08,550
1055
+ CLL ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุนุฑุงุถุŒ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:08,550 --> 00:21:13,070
1059
+ Treatment ุดุบู„ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุฃุฌู‰ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ Hair
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:13,070 --> 00:21:17,830
1063
+ Cell ุฅู† ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุชูƒุชุณุจ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Projections
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:21:17,830 --> 00:21:21,850
1067
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฐูˆุงุฆุฏ ุนู„ู‚ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทู„ุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Cytoplasm ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:21:21,850 --> 00:21:26,270
1071
+ ุงู„ู€ HairsุŒ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุดุนูŠุฑุงุช ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุตุงุฑ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:21:26,270 --> 00:21:30,190
1075
+ Hairy ุฃูˆ ุฃุฌู‰ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Hairy Cell Leukemia ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:21:30,190 --> 00:21:32,690
1079
+ Hairy Cell Leukemia ุจุชุชู…ูŠุฒ ุจุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:21:32,690 --> 00:21:36,350
1083
+ Myelofibrosis ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ Bone Marrow ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:21:36,350 --> 00:21:40,430
1087
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุงู„ู€ Bone Marrow ูƒู„
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:21:40,430 --> 00:21:44,810
1091
+ ุงู„ู€ Parameters ููŠู‡ very low ุงู„ู€ RBCs ูˆุงู„ู€ Hemoglobin
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:21:44,810 --> 00:21:48,250
1095
+ ุงู„ู€ RBCsุŒ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ CBC ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Platelets
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:21:48,250 --> 00:21:52,080
1099
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูˆุงุทูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ WBCs Count ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูˆุงุทูŠ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:21:52,080 --> 00:21:55,440
1103
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Predominant ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Hairy Cell ุฅูŠุด
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:21:55,440 --> 00:21:59,880
1107
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Hairy CellุŸ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† B-Lymphocyte ู…ุฎุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:21:59,880 --> 00:22:05,840
1111
+ Hairy Projection ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Chronic
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:22:05,840 --> 00:22:09,380
1115
+ Lymphocytic Leukemia ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ Large Granular
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:22:09,380 --> 00:22:13,740
1119
+ Lymphocytic Leukemia ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ูˆุน ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:22:13,740 --> 00:22:17,660
1123
+ Chronic Leukemia ุงู„ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Natural
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:22:17,660 --> 00:22:23,830
1127
+ Killer Cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจุชู‚ูˆู… ุจูˆุงู‚ุน ุถุงุฆู ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ููŠ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:22:23,830 --> 00:22:27,170
1131
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง Cancer ุฎู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:22:27,170 --> 00:22:32,810
1135
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ Granules ุงู„ู…ู…ูŠุฒุฉ ู„ุฅู„ู‡ุง ู…ุนุธู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:22:32,810 --> 00:22:37,950
1139
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† Slow Growing ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุทูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ ู‚ู„ูŠู„
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:22:37,950 --> 00:22:41,950
1143
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ Rapid and Aggressive ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:22:42,640 --> 00:22:48,040
1147
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุดุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ูˆุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุชุดุงุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุจุดูƒู„
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:22:48,040 --> 00:22:56,020
1151
+ ุนุงู… ู‡ูŠ ุจุทูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ูˆุจุทูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒูˆูŠู† Chronic
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:22:56,020 --> 00:23:01,120
1155
+ Myelocytic Leukemia ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:23:01,120 --> 00:23:06,580
1159
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ Expansion ู„ู„ู€ Granulocytic
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:23:06,580 --> 00:23:10,520
1163
+ Precursors ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ Immature Forms ุชุนุชู„ูŠ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:23:10,520 --> 00:23:14,720
1167
+ Granulocyte ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ Without RegulationุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:23:14,720 --> 00:23:18,500
1171
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒ MyelocyteุŒ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ MetamyelocyteุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:23:18,500 --> 00:23:22,720
1175
+ Peripheral Blood ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู€ Bone MarrowุŒ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:23:22,720 --> 00:23:26,760
1179
+ MetamyelocyteุŒ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ Band CellsุŒ ุทุจุนุง ุฃู†ุง ู…ุงุจุญูƒูŠุด
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:23:26,760 --> 00:23:29,800
1183
+ ุจุณ NeutrophilุŒ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูƒู„ู‡ุŒ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ EosinophilุŒ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:23:29,800 --> 00:23:34,870
1187
+ BasophilุŒ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ Neutrophil ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ Mature Farms
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:23:34,870 --> 00:23:37,430
1191
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ Precursors ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:23:37,430 --> 00:23:39,530
1195
+ Granulocyte ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Peripheral Blood ุตุงุฑุช
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:23:39,530 --> 00:23:43,130
1199
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุจุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆุญุชู‰ ู‡ุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ WBCs ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุนุงู„ูŠ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:23:43,130 --> 00:23:48,990
1203
+ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€ Megakaryocytobiosis ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:23:48,990 --> 00:23:53,050
1207
+ Expansion ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูˆ ู‡ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ูˆ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:23:53,050 --> 00:23:55,810
1211
+ ุบุงู„ุจุงู‹ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Platelets ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:23:55,810 --> 00:24:00,730
1215
+ Erythropoiesis ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ Defect ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู†ู‚ุต ููŠ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:24:00,730 --> 00:24:04,100
1219
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ RBCs Function of the Neutrophil ูˆุงู„ู€
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:24:04,100 --> 00:24:07,200
1223
+ Platelets ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง Normally ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:24:07,200 --> 00:24:11,140
1227
+ ุจุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ู€ Function ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุธู… ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู€ CML
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:24:11,140 --> 00:24:14,240
1231
+ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ Philadelphia Chromosome
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:24:14,240 --> 00:24:18,480
1235
+ Philadelphia Chromosome ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฃูˆ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู†
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:24:18,480 --> 00:24:24,540
1239
+ Translocation ู„ู‚ุทุน ู…ู† ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… 9 ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… 22 ุทุจุนุงู‹
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:24:24,540 --> 00:24:28,320
1243
+ ููŠ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ู† ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… 22 ู‡ุชุฑูˆุญู‡ุง ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… 9 ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:24:28,320 --> 00:24:32,040
1247
+ ุฑุงุญ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุฅุดูŠ ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุดุชุบู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:24:32,040 --> 00:24:34,940
1251
+ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ู„ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… 22 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ู‰ ุจุงู„ูู„ุงุฏู„ููŠุง
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:24:34,940 --> 00:24:39,880
1255
+ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… ู†ุงุชุฌ ุนู† ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ ABL ู…ู† ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… 9
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:24:39,880 --> 00:24:44,980
1259
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒูˆู… 22 ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง PCR-ABL
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:24:44,980 --> 00:24:51,580
1263
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู‡ุง Tyrosine Kinase Activity
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:24:52,020 --> 00:24:55,580
1267
+ ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชุญูุฒ ุงู†ู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆุชูƒุซุฑู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:24:55,580 --> 00:25:00,980
1271
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ Uncontrolled ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:25:00,980 --> 00:25:03,660
1275
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… CML ุจูŠู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ Philadelphia
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:25:03,660 --> 00:25:06,960
1279
+ Chromosome ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุณู‡ู„ ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุนุงู„ุฌูˆู‡ู… ูƒูŠู
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:25:06,960 --> 00:25:11,420
1283
+ ุจูŠุนุงู„ุฌูˆู‡ู…ุŸ ุจูŠุนุงู„ุฌูˆู‡ู… ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ Anti-Tyrosine Kinase
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:25:11,420 --> 00:25:15,020
1287
+ ุจูŠุนุทูˆู‡ู… ู…ุถุงุฏ ู„ู„ู€ Tyrosine Kinase ูุจูˆู‚ู ุงู„ู€ Activity
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:25:15,020 --> 00:25:18,820
1291
+ ู„ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุดุงู‡ุฏ ุงู„ู€ Mutation
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:25:18,820 --> 00:25:22,880
1295
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุถุนู‡ู… ุฃุตุนุจ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู€ CML ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:25:22,880 --> 00:25:25,940
1299
+ Philadelphia Chromosome ุจูŠู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุนู„ุงุฌ ุฃูุถู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:25:25,940 --> 00:25:28,900
1303
+ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… Philadelphia Chromosome ู…ุด ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู€ CML
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:25:28,900 --> 00:25:32,980
1307
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ Philadelphia Chromosome Positive ุทูŠุจุŒ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:25:32,980 --> 00:25:40,000
1311
+ ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Phases of CML ุงู„ู€ Phase ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:25:40,000 --> 00:25:45,260
1315
+ ุงู„ู€ Chronic Phase ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Blast Cells ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู†
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:25:45,260 --> 00:25:48,280
1319
+ 10% ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Peripheral Blood ู…ุงู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠุด Blast ูƒุชูŠุฑ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:25:48,280 --> 00:25:54,300
1323
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุธู„ ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู„ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ู„ุจ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:25:54,300 --> 00:25:59,540
1327
+ ู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูŠุฌูŠ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:25:59,540 --> 00:26:02,500
1331
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Accelerated Phase ุจู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Blast
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:26:02,500 --> 00:26:06,780
1335
+ Cells ุจู„ุด ู‡ุชุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูˆุตู„ ู„ู€ 30% ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:26:06,780 --> 00:26:10,020
1339
+ Peripheral Blood ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Bone Marrow ุงู„ู€ Platelets ู…ู…ูƒู†
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:26:10,020 --> 00:26:13,640
1343
+ ุชูƒูˆู† Very Low ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 100 ุฃู„ู ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุฃูˆ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:26:13,640 --> 00:26:19,240
1347
+ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ู„ูˆ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:26:19,240 --> 00:26:23,820
1351
+ ุฃุฌูŠุช ุนู…ู„ุช ุงู„ู€ Cytogenetic Studies ุญู„ุงุฆู‚ ุงู„ูู„ุงุฏู„ููŠุง
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:26:23,820 --> 00:26:30,480
1355
+ ูƒุฑูˆู…ูˆุฒุงู… ุญู„ุงุฆู‚ Splenomegaly ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:26:30,480 --> 00:26:33,820
1359
+ Accelerated Phase ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Accelerated Phase ู…ู…ูƒู†
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:26:33,820 --> 00:26:40,410
1363
+ ุชุชุทูˆุฑ ู„ู„ู€ Blast Crisis ู‡ู†ุง ุญู„ุงุฆู‚ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 30% Blast
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:26:40,410 --> 00:26:44,650
1367
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Peripheral Blood ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Bone Marrow ุงู„ู€ Blast ู„ูˆ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:26:44,650 --> 00:26:48,570
1371
+ ุฃุฌูŠุช ุนู…ู„ุช Bone Marrow Biopsy ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู†
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:26:48,570 --> 00:26:52,650
1375
+ ุงู„ู€ Blast ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Bone Marrow Biopsy ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:26:52,650 --> 00:26:56,270
1379
+ ุชุนู…ู„ Extra Medullary Infiltration ุงู„ู„ูŠ Blast ุณู„ุณ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:26:56,270 --> 00:27:00,610
1383
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ุฃู…ุงูƒู† ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู€ Bone Marrow ุชุนู…ู„
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:27:00,610 --> 00:27:04,710
1387
+ Infiltration ู†ูŠุฌูŠ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:27:04,710 --> 00:27:11,090
1391
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุดูˆู ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ CBC ุงู„ู€ CBC
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:27:11,090 --> 00:27:17,430
1395
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ White Blood Cells ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:27:17,430 --> 00:27:23,950
1399
+ ุบุงู„ุจุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 50 ุฃู„ู ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู† 500 ุฃู„ู
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:27:23,950 --> 00:27:28,530
1403
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ Dilution ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุนุงู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุนูŠู† ุนุดุงู†
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:27:28,530 --> 00:27:31,930
1407
+ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ูŠุนุฏู‡ุง ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู€ White Blood Cells ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:27:31,930 --> 00:27:37,540
1411
+ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุง ู…ุฑุถู‰ ุงู„ู€ CML ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดุบู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:27:37,540 --> 00:27:41,880
1415
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ Defective Erythropoiesis ุฃุดู†ุน ุงู„ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:27:41,880 --> 00:27:46,240
1419
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ูู‡ุชูƒูˆู† Normocytic Normochromic
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:27:46,240 --> 00:27:49,240
1423
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุจูˆูƒุฑุงู…ูŠุง ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:27:49,240 --> 00:27:53,000
1427
+ Normocytic Normochromic ุฃู†ูŠู…ูŠุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:27:53,000 --> 00:27:57,900
1431
+ ู„ู„ู€ Platelets ุงู„ู€ Platelets Variable ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุจู‚ู‰
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:27:57,900 --> 00:28:03,460
1435
+ High ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุจู‚ู‰ Normal ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุจู‚ู‰ Low ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:28:03,460 --> 00:28:06,650
1439
+ ู„ู„ู€ Peripheral Blood Film ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Peripheral Blood
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:28:06,650 --> 00:28:12,070
1443
+ Film ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ Circulating Myeloid Precursors ุจูƒู…ูŠุฉ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:28:12,070 --> 00:28:16,350
1447
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ุฅุถุงูุฉ ู„ูˆุฌูˆุฏ Basophil ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฌูŠู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:28:16,350 --> 00:28:20,490
1451
+ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ Precursors ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ Granulocyte
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:28:20,490 --> 00:28:26,030
1455
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ Myelo... ุทุจุนุง Blast ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ Blast
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:28:26,030 --> 00:28:29,950
1459
+ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ Myelocyte ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ Myeloid Cells
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:28:29,950 --> 00:28:34,630
1463
+ ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ Metamyelocyte ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ Band ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฅุฐุง
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:28:34,630 --> 00:28:38,110
1467
+ ูƒู†ุชูˆุง ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Nucleated RBCs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:28:38,110 --> 00:28:42,890
1471
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ Basophilia ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ Band Cells ู…ู…ูƒู†
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:28:42,890 --> 00:28:46,550
1475
+ ุฃู„ุงู‚ูŠ Mature Cells ู‡ุฐู‡ Metamyelocyte ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:28:46,550 --> 00:28:52,970
1479
+ Myelocyte ูˆู‡ุง ูƒุฐุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุดูˆู ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:28:52,970 --> 00:28:58,750
1483
+ Maturation Stages ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ Myeloid Precursors ููŠ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:28:58,750 --> 00:29:03,470
1487
+ ุงู„ู€ Blood Film ู„ู‡ู…ุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Film ุจุชุฐูƒุฑ ุฃู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุฏุฑุณุชูƒู…
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:29:03,470 --> 00:29:07,230
1491
+ ุงู„ู€ Hematology ุฌุจุชู„ูƒู… ููŠู„ู… ู…ุทุงุจู‚ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดุจูƒุชู„ูƒู…
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:29:07,230 --> 00:29:10,210
1495
+ ุฅูŠุงู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุง ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุง ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ ูˆูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุง
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:29:10,210 --> 00:29:14,750
1499
+ ูˆู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุงู…ูŠุฑุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตุจูˆุฑุฉ ูˆุตุฑุช ุฃุนุฑุถู„ูƒู… ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:29:14,750 --> 00:29:20,110
1503
+ ูƒุงู† ููŠู„ู… ยซCMLยป ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ุญุงู„ุฉ ุชุนู„ู…ู†ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ูƒู„
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:29:20,110 --> 00:29:23,230
1507
+ ุงู„ู€ Maturation Stages ุนู„ู‰ ุฐุงูƒ ุงู„ููŠู„ู… ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุชู…
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:29:23,230 --> 00:29:28,770
1511
+ ูุงูƒุฑูŠู† ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูŠุง ุจู†ุงุช ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุฅุญู†ุง ู…ุฑูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:29:28,770 --> 00:29:32,830
1515
+ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุจุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุงุŒ ู…ุฑูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Acute Leukemia
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:29:32,830 --> 00:29:37,870
1519
+ Acute Myeloid Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia ูˆุฃุฎุฐู†ุง
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:29:37,870 --> 00:29:42,990
1523
+ ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุงุชู‡ุง ูˆุชุตู†ูŠูุงุชู‡ุงุŒ ุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุงุชู‡ุง ุฅู…ุง ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:29:42,990 --> 00:29:47,630
1527
+ Morphology ุฃูˆ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€ Immunophenotyping ุฃูˆ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:29:47,630 --> 00:29:52,390
1531
+ Cytogenetic Studies ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุŒ ูˆุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:29:52,390 --> 00:29:56,670
1535
+ ู…ุฑูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Chronic Leukemia ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุชู‚ุณูŠู…ุงุชู‡ุง
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:29:56,670 --> 00:30:02,570
1539
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู‚ุฏ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:30:02,570 --> 00:30:08,450
1543
+ ุชูƒูˆู† lymphoid ุฃูˆ myeloidุŒ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ lymphoid ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:30:08,450 --> 00:30:11,890
1547
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠ chronic lymphocytic leukemiaุŒ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:30:11,890 --> 00:30:16,430
1551
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฃู‚ู„ ุดูŠูˆุนุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ prolymphocytic
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:30:16,430 --> 00:30:22,190
1555
+ leukemia ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุงุŒ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ large cell leukemia ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:30:22,190 --> 00:30:25,530
1559
+ ููŠู‡ุง natural killer cellsุŒ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ hair cell
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:30:25,530 --> 00:30:32,180
1563
+ leukemiaุŒ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู‡ุง ุดูƒู„ ู…ู…ูŠุฒ ู„ู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุงุŒ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:30:32,180 --> 00:30:37,640
1567
+ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ู†ุง ู„ู„ู€CML ูˆุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุงู„ู€Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:30:37,640 --> 00:30:41,820
1571
+ ุฅูŠุด ุตูุงุชู‡ุง ูˆุฅูŠุด ุฎุตุงุฆุตู‡ุงุŒ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุฅุญู†ุง
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:30:41,820 --> 00:30:45,060
1575
+ ุบุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ูˆุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:30:45,060 --> 00:30:49,920
1579
+ ุฑุงุญ ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูƒูˆู† ุจุงุฑุนุฉ ููŠ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:30:49,920 --> 00:30:54,020
1583
+ ุงู„ู€Diagnosis ู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุŒ ูƒูŠู ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญุฏุฏ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:30:54,020 --> 00:30:58,080
1587
+ ุงู„ู€DiagnosisุŒ ูƒูŠู ุฃู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุท ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆุฃุนุฑู
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:30:58,080 --> 00:31:02,220
1591
+ ุงู„ุชุดุฎูŠุต ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูˆูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุŒ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒู… ุฃู„ู ุนุงููŠุฉ
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The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
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The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
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@@ -0,0 +1,1524 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+
2
+ 1
3
+ 00:00:05,150 --> 00:00:07,530
4
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡
5
+
6
+ 2
7
+ 00:00:07,530 --> 00:00:12,690
8
+ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ุŒ ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏุŒ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง
9
+
10
+ 3
11
+ 00:00:12,690 --> 00:00:18,450
12
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ูุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ
13
+
14
+ 4
15
+ 00:00:20,140 --> 00:00:23,620
16
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
17
+
18
+ 5
19
+ 00:00:23,620 --> 00:00:26,360
20
+ smallest repeating representative volume of a
21
+
22
+ 6
23
+ 00:00:26,360 --> 00:00:30,740
24
+ crystal ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง unit cell ู„ู„ crystal ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุจุชุชูƒุฑุฑ
25
+
26
+ 7
27
+ 00:00:30,740 --> 00:00:36,500
28
+ ุจุชุชูƒุฑุฑ ุจุชุฑุชูŠุจ ู…ู†ุชุธู… ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑ in all directions in a
29
+
30
+ 8
31
+ 00:00:36,500 --> 00:00:40,960
32
+ 3D pattern ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ crystal ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
33
+
34
+ 9
35
+ 00:00:40,960 --> 00:00:43,520
36
+ lattice parameter ุงู„ a ูˆ ุงู„ b ูˆ ุงู„ c ูˆ ุงู„ alpha ูˆ
37
+
38
+ 10
39
+ 00:00:43,520 --> 00:00:47,660
40
+ ุงู„ beta ูˆ ุงู„ gamma ุงุชุนุฑูู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆู„ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
41
+
42
+ 11
43
+ 00:00:47,660 --> 00:00:51,540
44
+ FCC unit cell ุงู„ face centered cubic unit cell
45
+
46
+ 12
47
+ 00:00:51,540 --> 00:00:55,780
48
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ number ููŠ ุงู„ FCC ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„
49
+
50
+ 13
51
+ 00:00:55,780 --> 00:01:01,600
52
+ corner ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ face ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ unit
53
+
54
+ 14
55
+ 00:01:01,600 --> 00:01:05,520
56
+ cell ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชุณุชุญูˆุฐ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุฃุฑุจุน ุฐุฑุงุช ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
57
+
58
+ 15
59
+ 00:01:05,520 --> 00:01:10,760
60
+ ุซู…ุงู† ุฃุชู…ุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุซู…ุงู† ูŠุง corners ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ ุณุช ู†ุตุงุต ุนู„ู‰ ุณุช
61
+
62
+ 16
63
+ 00:01:10,760 --> 00:01:14,180
64
+ ุฃุณุทุญ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ coordination number ููŠ
65
+
66
+ 17
67
+ 00:01:14,180 --> 00:01:18,540
68
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ FCC ูƒู„ ุฐุฑุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฌู‡ุงุช ุจุนุฏุฏ
69
+
70
+ 18
71
+ 00:01:18,540 --> 00:01:22,260
72
+ ุชู…ุงู… ุฐุฑุงุช ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ coordination
73
+
74
+ 19
75
+ 00:01:22,260 --> 00:01:27,900
76
+ number ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ atomic packing factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ
77
+
78
+ 20
79
+ 00:01:27,900 --> 00:01:31,660
80
+ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุฏู„ุด ุฃู†ุง ู…ุนุจูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell
81
+
82
+ 21
83
+ 00:01:31,660 --> 00:01:36,030
84
+ ูŠุฏู„ุด ุฃู†ุง ุดุงุบู„ ุญูŠุฒ Volume of unit cell ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ volume
85
+
86
+ 22
87
+ 00:01:36,030 --> 00:01:39,790
88
+ of atoms ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ volume of unit cell ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ FCC
89
+
90
+ 23
91
+ 00:01:39,790 --> 00:01:42,390
92
+ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ atomic packing factor 74%
93
+
94
+ 24
95
+ 00:01:46,430 --> 00:01:49,390
96
+ ุฌุจู†ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ lattice parameter a ูˆ ุงู„ atomic
97
+
98
+ 25
99
+ 00:01:49,390 --> 00:01:53,750
100
+ radius ูˆ ุฌุจู†ุง ุงู„ volume ู„ ุงู„ unit cell ูˆ ุฌุจู†ุง ุงู„
101
+
102
+ 26
103
+ 00:01:53,750 --> 00:01:56,470
104
+ atomic packing factor ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ FCC unit cell
105
+
106
+ 27
107
+ 00:01:56,470 --> 00:01:59,630
108
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ BCC ุงู„ body centered
109
+
110
+ 28
111
+ 00:01:59,630 --> 00:02:04,370
112
+ cubic unit cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ BCC ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฐุฑุฉ
113
+
114
+ 29
115
+ 00:02:04,370 --> 00:02:09,070
116
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ูˆ ููŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุฐุฑุฉ
117
+
118
+ 30
119
+ 00:02:09,070 --> 00:02:14,380
120
+ ุจุชุณุชุญูˆุฐ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุฐุฑุชูŠู† ุซู…ุงู† ุฃุชู…ุงู†ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ููŠ
121
+
122
+ 31
123
+ 00:02:14,380 --> 00:02:17,360
124
+ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุจุทู„ุน ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„
125
+
126
+ 32
127
+ 00:02:17,360 --> 00:02:21,840
128
+ coordination number ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุฃุฎุทุฃุช ุงู„
129
+
130
+ 33
131
+ 00:02:21,840 --> 00:02:25,220
132
+ coordination number ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ FCC ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
133
+
134
+ 34
135
+ 00:02:25,220 --> 00:02:31,420
136
+ BCC ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ atomic packing factor ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ BCC
137
+
138
+ 35
139
+ 00:02:31,420 --> 00:02:34,000
140
+ 68% ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ volume
141
+
142
+ 36
143
+ 00:02:34,000 --> 00:02:37,810
144
+ ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ู…ุดุบูˆู„ ุจุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุงู„
145
+
146
+ 37
147
+ 00:02:37,810 --> 00:02:43,350
148
+ HCP ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ unit cell ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุณุฏุงุณูŠ
149
+
150
+ 38
151
+ 00:02:43,350 --> 00:02:48,830
152
+ ู…ู‚ุทุน ู…ุณุฏุณ ุน ูƒู„ corner ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
153
+
154
+ 39
155
+ 00:02:48,830 --> 00:02:53,630
156
+ ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุงุณ
157
+
158
+ 40
159
+ 00:02:53,630 --> 00:02:58,110
160
+ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุงุณ ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ูˆ ููŠ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฐุฑุงุช ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ
161
+
162
+ 41
163
+ 00:02:58,110 --> 00:03:04,390
164
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฐุฑุงุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ .. ุนู†ุฏู‡
165
+
166
+ 42
167
+ 00:03:04,390 --> 00:03:12,780
168
+ ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ุณุฏุณูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู… ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ ู†ุตูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
169
+
170
+ 43
171
+ 00:03:12,780 --> 00:03:17,860
172
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆููŠ ุฌูˆุง ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠ ุณุชุฉ ุฃูˆ
173
+
174
+ 44
175
+ 00:03:17,860 --> 00:03:21,440
176
+ ุฌูุชู†ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ C ูˆ
177
+
178
+ 45
179
+ 00:03:21,440 --> 00:03:24,080
180
+ ุงู„ lattice parameter A ุทู„ุน ุงู„ C ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 1.63
181
+
182
+ 46
183
+ 00:03:24,080 --> 00:03:29,120
184
+ ุฃุชุฑ ุงุชุฑุงุช
185
+
186
+ 47
187
+ 00:03:29,120 --> 00:03:29,460
188
+ ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช
189
+
190
+ 48
191
+ 00:03:29,460 --> 00:03:29,560
192
+ ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑ
193
+
194
+ 49
195
+ 00:03:33,030 --> 00:03:37,030
196
+ ุญุณุจู†ุง density ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุง ุนุฑูุชู†ุง ู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ unit cell
197
+
198
+ 50
199
+ 00:03:37,030 --> 00:03:40,930
200
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ density ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ density
201
+
202
+ 51
203
+ 00:03:40,930 --> 00:03:43,550
204
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ number of atoms ููŠ ุงู„ unit
205
+
206
+ 52
207
+ 00:03:43,550 --> 00:03:47,850
208
+ cell ููŠ ุงู„ molecular weight ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„
209
+
210
+ 53
211
+ 00:03:47,850 --> 00:03:53,670
212
+ unit cell ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุงููˆุฌุงุฏุฑูˆ ูŠุง ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุฃุธู† ุงู„ atomic
213
+
214
+ 54
215
+ 00:03:53,670 --> 00:03:56,450
216
+ packing factor ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู„ู‚ู‰ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
217
+
218
+ 55
219
+ 00:03:56,450 --> 00:04:01,920
220
+ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุตุŸ ู„ุฃ ูƒู„ู‡ ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุฃู†ุช ุฏุงุฑุณ ุฅู†ู‡
221
+
222
+ 56
223
+ 00:04:01,920 --> 00:04:06,580
224
+ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ .. ูƒูŠู ู…ูˆุฒุนุฉ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ atomic
225
+
226
+ 57
227
+ 00:04:06,580 --> 00:04:08,960
228
+ packing factor ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุจุณ ู…ุด ู‡ูˆ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡
229
+
230
+ 58
231
+ 00:04:08,960 --> 00:04:12,580
232
+ ูˆุฅู†ูุฑุฏ ู…ุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ุฃ ู‡ู†ุฌูŠู„ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ู…ุด ู„ุญุงู„ู‡
233
+
234
+ 59
235
+ 00:04:12,580 --> 00:04:17,580
236
+ ูˆุฅู†ูุฑุฏ ุทูŠุจ
237
+
238
+ 60
239
+ 00:04:17,580 --> 00:04:23,260
240
+ ุงู„ .. ู‡ู†ุญู„ ู…ุซุงู„ ู…ุง ุญู„ูŠู†ุงู‡ูˆุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ูุงุชุฉ ู‡ู†ุญู„
241
+
242
+ 61
243
+ 00:04:23,260 --> 00:04:28,750
244
+ ู…ุซุงู„ ุญู„ูŠู†ุง ุญุณุจู†ุง density ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ
245
+
246
+ 62
247
+ 00:04:28,750 --> 00:04:33,450
248
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ูˆ ุทู„ุน ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุทุจุนุง ุญุณุจู†ุง ุทู„ุนุช 8.92 ุญุณุงุจูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ูƒุงู†ุช 8.94
249
+
250
+ 63
251
+ 00:04:33,450 --> 00:04:37,510
252
+ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุฃุธู† 0.12%
253
+
254
+ 64
255
+ 00:04:37,510 --> 00:04:41,110
256
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุฑู‚ ุถุฆูŠู„ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ู†ุฎุด ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
257
+
258
+ 65
259
+ 00:04:48,310 --> 00:04:55,800
260
+ polymorphism and allotropy poly ูŠุนู†ูŠ poly ู…ุชุนุฏุฏ
261
+
262
+ 66
263
+ 00:04:55,800 --> 00:04:59,460
264
+ polygon ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุถู„ุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู„ู‡
265
+
266
+ 67
267
+ 00:04:59,460 --> 00:05:02,780
268
+ ุฃุถู„ุงุน ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุงู„ polygons are materials that
269
+
270
+ 68
271
+ 00:05:02,780 --> 00:05:05,500
272
+ can have more than one crystal structure ููŠ ุจุนุถ
273
+
274
+ 69
275
+ 00:05:05,500 --> 00:05:09,460
276
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
277
+
278
+ 70
279
+ 00:05:09,460 --> 00:05:17,160
280
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† BCC ู„ูˆ
281
+
282
+ 71
283
+ 00:05:17,160 --> 00:05:20,400
284
+ ุณุฎู†ู†ุง ุจุนุฏ 912 ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ FCC ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ
285
+
286
+ 72
287
+ 00:05:20,400 --> 00:05:24,520
288
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ right ุฃูˆ ุจุณู…ูŠ
289
+
290
+ 73
291
+ 00:05:24,520 --> 00:05:29,140
292
+ Alpha ููŠ ุงู„ right ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† 912 ุจุณู…ูŠ
293
+
294
+ 74
295
+ 00:05:29,140 --> 00:05:36,540
296
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Austenite ุฃูˆ Gamma Austenite ูู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
297
+
298
+ 75
299
+ 00:05:37,300 --> 00:05:41,260
300
+ ุงุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ุจุชุงุนู‡ ุจุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
301
+
302
+ 76
303
+ 00:05:41,260 --> 00:05:45,720
304
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ
305
+
306
+ 77
307
+ 00:05:45,720 --> 00:05:52,060
308
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูˆุฌุฏุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุงู„ุฎุงู„ุตุฉ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
309
+
310
+ 78
311
+ 00:05:52,060 --> 00:05:57,560
312
+ allotropia ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุฌุฏุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
313
+
314
+ 79
315
+ 00:05:57,560 --> 00:06:00,300
316
+ polymorphism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ polymorphism ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงู„ุนุงู…
317
+
318
+ 80
319
+ 00:06:00,300 --> 00:06:04,640
320
+ ุงู„ allotropia ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ polymorphism ุจุณ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
321
+
322
+ 81
323
+ 00:06:04,640 --> 00:06:06,740
324
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุงู„ุฎุงู„ุตุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูู‚ุท
325
+
326
+ 82
327
+ 00:06:10,100 --> 00:06:19,600
328
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ FCC ุนู†ุฏ 912 ูˆ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง
329
+
330
+ 83
331
+ 00:06:19,600 --> 00:06:25,920
332
+ ู†ุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุจุฑุฏ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ structure ู…ู† FCC ู„ BCC ุงู„ packing
333
+
334
+ 84
335
+ 00:06:25,920 --> 00:06:34,440
336
+ factor ููŠ ุงู„ FCC 74% packing factor ููŠ ุงู„ BCC 68%
337
+
338
+ 85
339
+ 00:06:34,440 --> 00:06:40,660
340
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุชู…ูˆุถุน ุฐุฑุงุชู‡ ูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ุชู…ูˆุถุนู‡ุง ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ FCC
341
+
342
+ 86
343
+ 00:06:40,660 --> 00:06:45,520
344
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ู…ุชู…ูˆุถุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ corners ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ faces
345
+
346
+ 87
347
+ 00:06:45,520 --> 00:06:48,940
348
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ face ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ BCC ุจุชูƒูˆู†
349
+
350
+ 88
351
+ 00:06:48,940 --> 00:06:52,320
352
+ ู…ุชู…ูˆุถุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ corners ูˆ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุนุจ ู†ูุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
353
+
354
+ 89
355
+ 00:06:52,320 --> 00:06:56,860
356
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
357
+
358
+ 90
359
+ 00:06:56,860 --> 00:07:02,380
360
+ ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุชู…ูˆุถุนู‡ุง
361
+
362
+ 91
363
+ 00:07:02,380 --> 00:07:06,960
364
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ volume change ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุงู„ packing
365
+
366
+ 92
367
+ 00:07:06,960 --> 00:07:13,280
368
+ factor ุงุฎุชู„ู ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ volume change ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณูˆูŠ
369
+
370
+ 93
371
+ 00:07:13,280 --> 00:07:17,420
372
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ hard materials ุชุณูˆูŠ cracks ุชุดู‚ู‚ุงุช ููŠ
373
+
374
+ 94
375
+ 00:07:17,420 --> 00:07:18,620
376
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
377
+
378
+ 95
379
+ 00:07:22,490 --> 00:07:26,330
380
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ู„ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
381
+
382
+ 96
383
+ 00:07:26,330 --> 00:07:31,770
384
+ FCC ูˆ BCC ูˆ HCP
385
+
386
+ 97
387
+ 00:07:31,770 --> 00:07:38,650
388
+ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠู†ุง seven possible systems ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฅุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ
389
+
390
+ 98
391
+ 00:07:38,650 --> 00:07:43,170
392
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ seven possible system ู„ู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุงุช
393
+
394
+ 99
395
+ 00:07:43,170 --> 00:07:48,790
396
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุงุช ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุงู„
397
+
398
+ 100
399
+ 00:07:48,790 --> 00:07:55,100
400
+ lattice parameters ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ A ูˆ ุงู„ B ูˆ ุงู„ C ูˆ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
401
+
402
+ 101
403
+ 00:07:55,100 --> 00:07:59,420
404
+ Alpha ูˆ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ Beta ูˆ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ Gamma ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุญุงุทุท
405
+
406
+ 102
407
+ 00:07:59,420 --> 00:08:04,480
408
+ ู†ุธุงู… ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช XYZ Right Hand System ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆููŠุช ุงู„ X
409
+
410
+ 103
411
+ 00:08:04,480 --> 00:08:16,260
412
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Y ูˆ ุชู‚ุทูŠู† ุงู„ Z ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ Table 17-2 ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ
413
+
414
+ 104
415
+ 00:08:16,260 --> 00:08:21,520
416
+ ุนูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ cubic system ุงู„ cubic system ู…ู† ุงุณู…ู‡ cubic
417
+
418
+ 105
419
+ 00:08:32,480 --> 00:08:38,280
420
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ cubic ุจูƒูˆู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญูˆุงู ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ a
421
+
422
+ 106
423
+ 00:08:38,280 --> 00:08:43,460
424
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ b ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ c ูˆูƒู„ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ cubic
425
+
426
+ 107
427
+ 00:08:43,460 --> 00:08:48,020
428
+ system ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ ุซู„ุงุซ ุชูุฑูŠุนุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง
429
+
430
+ 108
431
+ 00:08:48,020 --> 00:08:53,540
432
+ ุงู„ FCC ูˆ ุงู„ BCC ูˆ ููŠ ู†ูˆุน ุซุงู„ุซ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ simple cubic
433
+
434
+ 109
435
+ 00:08:53,540 --> 00:08:57,840
436
+ simple cubic ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ุฐุฑุฉ ู…ุง ููŠุด ุจุณ
437
+
438
+ 110
439
+ 00:08:57,840 --> 00:09:01,800
440
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ุฐุฑุฉ ูˆ ุฎู„ุงุต ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ cubic
441
+
442
+ 111
443
+ 00:09:01,800 --> 00:09:04,160
444
+ system ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู… ุญูƒูŠุŸ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุณุจุนุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
445
+
446
+ 112
447
+ 00:09:04,160 --> 00:09:07,700
448
+ cubic ุนู†ุฏ hexagonal ุนู†ุฏ tetragonal ุนู†ุฏ
449
+
450
+ 113
451
+ 00:09:07,700 --> 00:09:12,260
452
+ rhombohedral ุนู†ุฏ orthorhombic ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
453
+
454
+ 114
455
+ 00:09:12,260 --> 00:09:17,420
456
+ monoclinic ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง triclinic ุณุจุนุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
457
+
458
+ 115
459
+ 00:09:17,420 --> 00:09:26,960
460
+ hexagonal ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ูƒู„ ุฃุถู„ุงุนู‡ุง A ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน C ูˆููŠ
461
+
462
+ 116
463
+ 00:09:26,960 --> 00:09:31,420
464
+ ุฒุงูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
465
+
466
+ 117
467
+ 00:09:31,420 --> 00:09:40,980
468
+ ููŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ 90 ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ 90 ูˆ ููŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ 120 ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ
469
+
470
+ 118
471
+ 00:09:40,980 --> 00:09:44,560
472
+ tetragonal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุถู„ุนูŠู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠูŠู† ูˆ ุถู„ุน
473
+
474
+ 119
475
+ 00:09:44,560 --> 00:09:49,380
476
+ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ ู…ุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ู…ุด ุฅูŠู‡ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุด
477
+
478
+ 120
479
+ 00:09:49,380 --> 00:09:53,740
480
+ C ูƒู„ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ 90 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cubic ุฅู† ุถู„ุน
481
+
482
+ 121
483
+ 00:09:53,740 --> 00:10:00,960
484
+ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน rhombohedral ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุถู„ุงุน
485
+
486
+ 122
487
+ 00:10:00,960 --> 00:10:07,160
488
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ A ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ B ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ C ุงู„ุขู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ
489
+
490
+ 123
491
+ 00:10:07,160 --> 00:10:10,020
492
+ Alpha ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Beta ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ Gamma ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 90 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
493
+
494
+ 124
495
+ 00:10:10,020 --> 00:10:16,580
496
+ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจุณ ู…ุด 90 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
497
+
498
+ 126
499
+ 00:10:16,580 --> 00:10:22,660
500
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฑุซูˆุฑูˆู…ุจูŠูƒ
501
+
502
+ 127
503
+ 00:10:24,660 --> 00:10:30,200
504
+ ุงู„ุขู† ูƒู„ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุจุณ ุงู„ุฃุถู„ุงุน A ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ B ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
505
+
506
+ 128
507
+ 00:10:30,200 --> 00:10:34,400
508
+ C ุงู„ุฃุถู„ุงุน ู…ุด ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
509
+
510
+ 129
511
+ 00:10:34,400 --> 00:10:39,300
512
+ Monoclinic ุงู„ุฃุถู„ุงุน ู…ุด ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ A ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ B ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
513
+
514
+ 130
515
+ 00:10:39,300 --> 00:10:45,760
516
+ C ููŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุชุณุนูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ู…ุด ุชุณุนูŠู† ู„ู„
517
+
518
+ 131
519
+ 00:10:45,760 --> 00:10:50,020
520
+ Triclinic ูƒู„ ุฃุถู„ุงุน ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ A ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ B ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
521
+
522
+ 132
523
+ 00:10:50,020 --> 00:10:52,540
524
+ C ูˆ ูƒู„ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ most
525
+
526
+ 133
527
+ 00:10:52,540 --> 00:10:53,340
528
+ general case
529
+
530
+ 134
531
+ 00:11:04,720 --> 00:11:09,320
532
+ ุทูŠุจ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ crystal structure ุฒูŠ ู†ุธุงู…
533
+
534
+ 135
535
+ 00:11:09,320 --> 00:11:13,620
536
+ ุงู„ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช ุงู„
537
+
538
+ 136
539
+ 00:11:13,620 --> 00:11:20,480
540
+ x, y, z ุฃู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุนุฑู ู†ู‚ุงุท ููŠ ุงู„ space ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุฅุฐุง
541
+
542
+ 137
543
+ 00:11:20,480 --> 00:11:25,500
544
+ ุจุฏุฃุช ุฃุทู„ุน ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฃุนู„ู‰ุด ุจูŠุนุฑู directions ุฎุทูˆุท ุจุฏูŠ
545
+
546
+ 138
547
+ 00:11:25,500 --> 00:11:31,950
548
+ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฃุนู„ู‰ุด ุจูŠุนุฑู ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช planes ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนุฑู ู…ุซู„ุง
549
+
550
+ 139
551
+ 00:11:31,950 --> 00:11:38,730
552
+ services ู…ุซู„ุง ุฎุฐู†ูŠ ุฃุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด ู†ู‚ุงุท directions ูˆ
553
+
554
+ 140
555
+ 00:11:38,730 --> 00:11:46,130
556
+ planes ุงู„ุขู† ุทุจุนุง ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุธุงู… ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช x y
557
+
558
+ 141
559
+ 00:11:46,130 --> 00:11:49,250
560
+ z right hand ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ x ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ y ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
561
+
562
+ 142
563
+ 00:11:49,250 --> 00:11:55,030
564
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ z ูู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ P
565
+
566
+ 143
567
+ 00:11:56,900 --> 00:12:00,660
568
+ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช ููŠู‡ุง ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุฉ along ุงู„ X QA ูŠุนู†ูŠ
569
+
570
+ 144
571
+ 00:12:00,660 --> 00:12:06,840
572
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ QA fraction ู…ู† ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง fraction ู…ู† ุงู„ A
573
+
574
+ 145
575
+ 00:12:06,840 --> 00:12:14,900
576
+ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ Y RB ุงู„ R ู‡ูŠ fraction ู…ู† ุงู„ุทูˆู„ B ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
577
+
578
+ 146
579
+ 00:12:14,900 --> 00:12:24,500
580
+ ุญูƒูŠุช ู†ุต ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู†ุต ุงู„ B ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ Z SC ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ S ู‡ูŠ
581
+
582
+ 147
583
+ 00:12:24,500 --> 00:12:29,560
584
+ fraction ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ C ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃู†ุง ุจุนุฑู ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุทุจุนุง ุชุนุฑู
585
+
586
+ 148
587
+ 00:12:29,560 --> 00:12:36,500
588
+ ุชุซุจูŠุช QRS Q RS ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุซุจูŠุช ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
589
+
590
+ 149
591
+ 00:12:36,500 --> 00:12:40,660
592
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช
593
+
594
+ 150
595
+ 00:12:40,660 --> 00:12:47,580
596
+ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ for the unit cell shown locate the point
597
+
598
+ 151
599
+ 00:12:47,580 --> 00:12:53,260
600
+ having coordinates ุฑุจุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู†ุต
601
+
602
+ 152
603
+ 00:13:32,280 --> 00:13:44,620
604
+ ู‡ูŠ X Y Z ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุนุฑู ุฃูˆ ุฃุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
605
+
606
+ 153
607
+ 00:13:44,620 --> 00:13:54,720
608
+ ุงู„ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุฉ ุฑุจุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู†ุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ
609
+
610
+ 154
611
+ 00:13:54,720 --> 00:13:58,660
612
+ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฑุจุน ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุต
613
+
614
+ 155
615
+ 00:14:01,520 --> 00:14:06,420
616
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฑุจุน ุตุญ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ุฑุจุน ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
617
+
618
+ 156
619
+ 00:14:06,420 --> 00:14:12,540
620
+ origin ู‡ุฐุง ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Y ู‡ู…ุดูŠุช
621
+
622
+ 157
623
+ 00:14:12,540 --> 00:14:19,000
624
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Y ุจุนุฏูŠู†
625
+
626
+ 158
627
+ 00:14:19,000 --> 00:14:26,180
628
+ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ู†ุต ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Z ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
629
+
630
+ 159
631
+ 00:14:26,180 --> 00:14:29,480
632
+ ุฑุจุน ูˆุงุญุฏ
633
+
634
+ 160
635
+ 00:14:30,880 --> 00:14:34,880
636
+ ูˆ ู†ุต ุฅุฐุง
637
+
638
+ 161
639
+ 00:14:34,880 --> 00:14:39,840
640
+ ุฃู†ุง
641
+
642
+ 162
643
+ 00:14:39,840 --> 00:14:45,240
644
+ ุฃุญุฏุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุฑุจุน ุงู„ A ูˆ ู†ุต ุงู„ C
645
+
646
+ 163
647
+ 00:14:45,240 --> 00:14:56,020
648
+ ุขู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฑุจุน ุงู„ A ูˆ one unit ู…ู† ุงู„ B ูˆ ู†ุต ุงู„ C ู„ุฃู†
649
+
650
+ 164
651
+ 00:14:56,020 --> 00:15:02,550
652
+ ู†ูุญุฏุฏ specify point coordinates for all atom positions
653
+
654
+ 165
655
+ 00:15:02,550 --> 00:15:13,030
656
+ ุฃูˆ for a BCC unit cell ุนู†ุฏ
657
+
658
+ 166
659
+ 00:15:13,030 --> 00:15:16,530
660
+ BCC unit cell
661
+
662
+ 167
663
+ 00:15:38,420 --> 00:15:44,800
664
+ ู‡ูŠ X ู‡ุงูŠ Y ู‡ุงูŠ
665
+
666
+ 168
667
+ 00:15:44,800 --> 00:15:56,900
668
+ Z ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุนุฑู ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ
669
+
670
+ 169
671
+ 00:15:56,900 --> 00:16:07,420
672
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
673
+
674
+ 170
675
+ 00:16:10,770 --> 00:16:19,870
676
+ ุณุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ BCC ููŠ ุถู„ุน ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน
677
+
678
+ 171
679
+ 00:16:19,870 --> 00:16:23,650
680
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุณุนุฉ
681
+
682
+ 172
683
+ 00:16:23,650 --> 00:16:27,690
684
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ point ุงู„ coordinates
685
+
686
+ 173
687
+ 00:16:39,840 --> 00:16:50,980
688
+ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
689
+
690
+ 174
691
+ 00:16:50,980 --> 00:16:58,380
692
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
693
+
694
+ 175
695
+ 00:16:58,380 --> 00:17:06,820
696
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ
697
+
698
+ 176
699
+ 00:17:07,010 --> 00:17:15,110
700
+ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ
701
+
702
+ 177
703
+ 00:17:15,110 --> 00:17:20,310
704
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุณุชุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
705
+
706
+ 178
707
+ 00:17:20,310 --> 00:17:23,250
708
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
709
+
710
+ 179
711
+ 00:17:23,250 --> 00:17:23,270
712
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
713
+
714
+ 180
715
+ 00:17:23,270 --> 00:17:23,370
716
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
717
+
718
+ 181
719
+ 00:17:23,370 --> 00:17:24,930
720
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
721
+
722
+ 182
723
+ 00:17:24,930 --> 00:17:25,610
724
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
725
+
726
+ 183
727
+ 00:17:25,610 --> 00:17:34,800
728
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุตูุฑ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ
729
+
730
+ 184
731
+ 00:17:34,800 --> 00:17:56,540
732
+ ุตูุฑ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุณุนุฉ ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ุซู„ุซ ุฃู†ุตุงู ุฅุญู†ุง
733
+
734
+ 185
735
+ 00:17:56,540 --> 00:18:01,990
736
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนุฑู ุงู„ geometry ููŠ ุงู„ ..ููŠ ุงู„ 3D
737
+
738
+ 186
739
+ 00:18:01,990 --> 00:18:07,090
740
+ space ุจู†ู„ุฒู…ู†ุง ุงู„ points lines ุฃูˆ directions ุจุนุฏูŠู†
741
+
742
+ 187
743
+ 00:18:07,090 --> 00:18:11,410
744
+ planes ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ directions ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุงู„
745
+
746
+ 188
747
+ 00:18:11,410 --> 00:18:19,570
748
+ metals ู„ู…ุง ุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ deformation ููŠ
749
+
750
+ 189
751
+ 00:18:19,570 --> 00:18:23,890
752
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุชุฑุงุตุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
753
+
754
+ 190
755
+ 00:18:23,890 --> 00:18:29,880
756
+ ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ู…ุชุฑุงุตุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ
757
+
758
+ 191
759
+ 00:18:29,880 --> 00:18:32,340
760
+ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ deformation ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ
761
+
762
+ 192
763
+ 00:18:32,340 --> 00:18:36,300
764
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„
765
+
766
+ 193
767
+ 00:18:36,300 --> 00:18:42,680
768
+ deformation ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช
769
+
770
+ 194
771
+ 00:18:42,680 --> 00:18:47,020
772
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุชุฑุงุตุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุชุฑุงุตุง
773
+
774
+ 195
775
+ 00:18:47,020 --> 00:18:50,120
776
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุฑุงุต ููŠู‡ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุซุงูุฉ
777
+
778
+ 196
779
+ 00:18:50,120 --> 00:18:55,060
780
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ููŠู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฃูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
781
+
782
+ 197
783
+ 00:18:55,060 --> 00:18:59,020
784
+ directions ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุณุทุญูŠุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ
785
+
786
+ 198
787
+ 00:18:59,020 --> 00:19:02,380
788
+ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฃุญุณูŠุช deformation ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
789
+
790
+ 199
791
+ 00:19:02,380 --> 00:19:07,780
792
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ูˆููŠ
793
+
794
+ 200
795
+ 00:19:07,780 --> 00:19:15,680
796
+ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต directional ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ููŠ ู…ุง
797
+
798
+ 201
799
+ 00:19:15,680 --> 00:19:18,820
800
+ ูŠุณู…ู‰ Miller indices are used to define directions
801
+
802
+ 202
803
+ 00:19:18,820 --> 00:19:24,350
804
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡ ู…ูŠู„ุฑ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ directions ููŠ ุงู„
805
+
806
+ 203
807
+ 00:19:24,350 --> 00:19:27,550
808
+ crystal structures ุฅุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ mathematics ุฃูˆ
809
+
810
+ 204
811
+ 00:19:27,550 --> 00:19:31,310
812
+ ููŠ ุงู„ calculus ูƒู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง vectors ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ
813
+
814
+ 205
815
+ 00:19:31,310 --> 00:19:37,630
816
+ direction ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุดุŸ vector ุงู„ vector ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุŸ
817
+
818
+ 206
819
+ 00:19:37,630 --> 00:19:41,870
820
+ magnitude ูˆ direction ู…ุงุฌู†ุชูŠูˆุฏ ูˆ direction ูˆ sense
821
+
822
+ 207
823
+ 00:19:41,870 --> 00:19:46,810
824
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุตุญุŸ ุทูŠุจ
825
+
826
+ 208
827
+ 00:19:48,470 --> 00:19:52,830
828
+ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนุดุงู† to define miller indices ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
829
+
830
+ 209
831
+ 00:19:52,830 --> 00:19:55,730
832
+ ู„ู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ directions ููŠ ุงู„ crystal structures
833
+
834
+ 210
835
+ 00:19:55,730 --> 00:20:00,910
836
+ ุฃูˆู„ุด ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ู†ุธุงู… ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช right hand coordinate
837
+
838
+ 211
839
+ 00:20:00,910 --> 00:20:05,530
840
+ system ู‡ุฐุง ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุนุฑู direction ุฃูˆ vector
841
+
842
+ 212
843
+ 00:20:05,530 --> 00:20:10,770
844
+ ุจุงู„ุฒุฑุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู„ ุตุญ
845
+
846
+ 213
847
+ 00:20:10,770 --> 00:20:18,200
848
+ ุจุงุนุฑู ุงู„ coordinates ู„ู„ุฑุฃุณ ูˆุงู„ coordinates ู„ู„ุฏูŠู„
849
+
850
+ 214
851
+ 00:20:18,200 --> 00:20:24,900
852
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุทุฑุญ ุงู„ุฏูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ูƒุณูˆุฑ clear
853
+
854
+ 215
855
+ 00:20:24,900 --> 00:20:30,760
856
+ fraction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ู†ุต ุชู„ุช clear fraction ุจุนุฏูŠู†
857
+
858
+ 216
859
+ 00:20:30,760 --> 00:20:38,560
860
+ ุญุท ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ููŠ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠู† ู‚ูˆุณูŠู† ู…ุฑุจุนุงุช ุจุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง a
861
+
862
+ 217
863
+ 00:20:38,560 --> 00:20:41,400
864
+ direction and its negative are not identical ูŠุนู†ูŠ
865
+
866
+ 218
867
+ 00:20:41,400 --> 00:20:48,330
868
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง a direction and it's
869
+
870
+ 219
871
+ 00:20:48,330 --> 00:20:51,470
872
+ multiple identical ุฅุฐุง ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ direction ูˆ ุถุฑุจุชู‡
873
+
874
+ 220
875
+ 00:20:51,470 --> 00:20:58,590
876
+ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณ ุฃูˆ ุณุชุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุจุณ ู†ุดูˆู
877
+
878
+ 221
879
+ 00:20:58,590 --> 00:21:05,290
880
+ ู…ุซุงู„ determine the miller indices for the
881
+
882
+ 222
883
+ 00:21:05,290 --> 00:21:14,710
884
+ direction shown ุงู„ู„ูŠ
885
+
886
+ 223
887
+ 00:21:14,710 --> 00:21:26,510
888
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ direction ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ direction ู‡ูˆ
889
+
890
+ 224
891
+ 00:21:26,510 --> 00:21:34,670
892
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ head ุฅูŠุด ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุฉ ุงู„ head ู†ุต
893
+
894
+ 225
895
+ 00:21:34,670 --> 00:21:50,120
896
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ู†ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุตูุฑ ุงู„ู€ tail ุตูุฑ ุตูุฑ ุตูุฑ ุงู„
897
+
898
+ 226
899
+ 00:21:50,120 --> 00:22:00,500
900
+ head minus ุงู„ tail ู†ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู† clear
901
+
902
+ 227
903
+ 00:22:00,500 --> 00:22:07,660
904
+ fractions ู…ุถุฑูˆุจ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
905
+
906
+ 228
907
+ 00:22:07,660 --> 00:22:09,400
908
+ ูˆ ุตูุฑ
909
+
910
+ 229
911
+ 00:22:12,360 --> 00:22:21,560
912
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุญุท ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ direction ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุงุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุตูุฑ
913
+
914
+ 230
915
+ 00:22:21,560 --> 00:22:32,640
916
+ draw
917
+
918
+ 231
919
+ 00:22:32,640 --> 00:22:38,220
920
+ a one one negative zero direction within a cubic
921
+
922
+ 232
923
+ 00:22:38,220 --> 00:22:46,770
924
+ unit cell ุงุฑุณู… ู„ู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุทุจุนุง
925
+
926
+ 233
927
+ 00:22:46,770 --> 00:22:53,070
928
+ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุจู†ุญุท ุดุญุทุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุตูุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ููŠ
929
+
930
+ 234
931
+ 00:22:53,070 --> 00:23:01,030
932
+ ุงู„ X ูƒู… ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ X ูˆุงุญุฏ
933
+
934
+ 235
935
+ 00:23:01,030 --> 00:23:04,750
936
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
937
+
938
+ 236
939
+ 00:23:04,750 --> 00:23:08,530
940
+ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ Y ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
941
+
942
+ 237
943
+ 00:23:18,110 --> 00:23:38,890
944
+ ูˆ ุตูุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงุต ูˆุตู„ุช ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ direction ู‡ุฐุง
945
+
946
+ 238
947
+ 00:23:38,890 --> 00:23:47,380
948
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุตูุฑ ุฃู†ุช ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุชุจุฏุฃ
949
+
950
+ 239
951
+ 00:23:47,380 --> 00:23:53,220
952
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ originุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ุช ุฑุงูŠุญ ุชุบู„ุจ
953
+
954
+ 240
955
+ 00:23:53,220 --> 00:23:55,820
956
+ ุญุงู„ูƒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ู‡๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน
957
+
958
+ 241
959
+ 00:23:55,820 --> 00:24:01,240
960
+ ู†ูุณูƒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ูŠุด ุชุชูƒู„ูƒุน ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุฃู†ุช ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠู„ูƒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
961
+
962
+ 242
963
+ 00:24:01,240 --> 00:24:09,540
964
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ origin ููŠ
965
+
966
+ 243
967
+ 00:24:09,540 --> 00:24:13,720
968
+ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ families of directions ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฌู‡ุงุช
969
+
970
+ 244
971
+ 00:24:21,440 --> 00:24:24,780
972
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ ููŠ ูƒู„
973
+
974
+ 245
975
+ 00:24:24,780 --> 00:24:31,080
976
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุจุณ ู…ุง identical directions ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ
977
+
978
+ 246
979
+ 00:24:31,080 --> 00:24:33,520
980
+ ู„ูˆ ู‚ุตุช ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
981
+
982
+ 247
983
+ 00:24:33,520 --> 00:24:37,020
984
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุจุญูƒูŠ
985
+
986
+ 248
987
+ 00:24:37,020 --> 00:24:41,640
988
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ directions are identical ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ cubic
989
+
990
+ 249
991
+ 00:24:41,640 --> 00:24:48,080
992
+ cells ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ cubic cells ูู‚ุท directions in
993
+
994
+ 250
995
+ 00:24:48,080 --> 00:24:53,920
996
+ cubic crystals having the same indices without
997
+
998
+ 251
999
+ 00:24:53,920 --> 00:24:59,280
1000
+ regard to order or sign are equivalent ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
1001
+
1002
+ 252
1003
+ 00:24:59,280 --> 00:25:05,300
1004
+ cubic unit cells ูู‚ุท ุงู„ directions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„
1005
+
1006
+ 253
1007
+ 00:25:05,300 --> 00:25:14,020
1008
+ indices ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู†ูุณ
1009
+
1010
+ 254
1011
+ 00:25:14,020 --> 00:25:15,200
1012
+ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก identical ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1013
+
1014
+ 255
1015
+ 00:25:20,320 --> 00:25:25,580
1016
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูƒูŠุจูˆูƒุณูŠู†ุฒ ุงุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ direction ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ
1017
+
1018
+ 256
1019
+ 00:25:25,580 --> 00:25:34,300
1020
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ุซู„ ุจุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ
1021
+
1022
+ 257
1023
+ 00:25:34,300 --> 00:25:44,260
1024
+ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1025
+
1026
+ 258
1027
+ 00:25:44,260 --> 00:25:49,580
1028
+ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ
1029
+
1030
+ 259
1031
+ 00:25:51,220 --> 00:26:08,520
1032
+ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ุงูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1033
+
1034
+ 260
1035
+ 00:26:08,520 --> 00:26:15,580
1036
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ
1037
+
1038
+ 261
1039
+ 00:26:15,580 --> 00:26:20,540
1040
+ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1041
+
1042
+ 262
1043
+ 00:26:23,680 --> 00:26:32,020
1044
+ ุงุจุฏูƒ ุชุฌุฑุจ ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1045
+
1046
+ 263
1047
+ 00:26:32,020 --> 00:26:37,000
1048
+ ุณุงู„ุจ
1049
+
1050
+ 264
1051
+ 00:26:37,000 --> 00:26:41,300
1052
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
1053
+
1054
+ 265
1055
+ 00:26:41,300 --> 00:26:42,880
1056
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
1057
+
1058
+ 266
1059
+ 00:26:42,880 --> 00:26:44,560
1060
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
1061
+
1062
+ 267
1063
+ 00:26:44,560 --> 00:26:46,620
1064
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
1065
+
1066
+ 268
1067
+ 00:26:46,620 --> 00:26:47,040
1068
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
1069
+
1070
+ 269
1071
+ 00:26:47,040 --> 00:26:48,390
1072
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุนู† ุงู„
1073
+
1074
+ 270
1075
+ 00:26:48,390 --> 00:26:53,250
1076
+ indices ุนู† ุชุฑุชูŠุจู‡ู… ูˆุนู† ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุงุณู…ู‡ู…
1077
+
1078
+ 271
1079
+ 00:26:53,250 --> 00:27:05,490
1080
+ family of directions ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ cubic unit cells ููŠ
1081
+
1082
+ 272
1083
+ 00:27:05,490 --> 00:27:14,160
1084
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ hcp ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ู†ุธุงู… ุงุญุชุซูŠุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู„
1085
+
1086
+ 273
1087
+ 00:27:14,160 --> 00:27:19,740
1088
+ hcp ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏ ุฃุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ top view ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุณุฏุงุณูŠ
1089
+
1090
+ 274
1091
+ 00:27:19,740 --> 00:27:36,880
1092
+ ู„ูˆ
1093
+
1094
+ 275
1095
+ 00:27:36,880 --> 00:27:41,240
1096
+ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุฎุฏ ู‡ูŠ x ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุญูƒูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ x ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ y ู…ุซู„ุง
1097
+
1098
+ 276
1099
+ 00:27:44,010 --> 00:27:53,170
1100
+ YX ูˆุงู„ุฒุฏ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‚ุตูˆุฑ cosine ูˆ sine
1101
+
1102
+ 277
1103
+ 00:27:53,170 --> 00:27:59,430
1104
+ ุงู„ุณุชูŠู† ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‚ุตูˆุฑ ูู‡ูˆ ู…ุชูู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…
1105
+
1106
+ 278
1107
+ 00:27:59,430 --> 00:28:05,190
1108
+ ู†ุธุงู… ุงุญุฏุซูŠุงุช ุซู„ุงุซูŠ ุงูˆ ุฑุจุงุนูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
1109
+
1110
+ 279
1111
+ 00:28:05,190 --> 00:28:10,630
1112
+ ู…ุชุนู…ุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„
1113
+
1114
+ 280
1115
+ 00:28:10,630 --> 00:28:11,330
1116
+ A1
1117
+
1118
+ 281
1119
+ 00:28:14,200 --> 00:28:23,660
1120
+ ูˆ ุงู„ a2 ูˆ ุงู„ a3 ูˆ ุงู„ z ุฃูˆ ุงู„ c ู…ุชุนู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุฒุฑุน
1121
+
1122
+ 282
1123
+ 00:28:23,660 --> 00:28:32,760
1124
+ ุจูŠู† ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ
1125
+
1126
+ 283
1127
+ 00:28:32,760 --> 00:28:37,480
1128
+ redundancy ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ููŠ ุงูŠุด ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุจุณ ุงู†ุง ู…ุด ุน
1129
+
1130
+ 284
1131
+ 00:28:37,480 --> 00:28:41,120
1132
+ ุงู„ crystal structure ุจุฏูŠุด ุงู†ุง ุจู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ุชุฌุงู‡ุชู‡ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ
1133
+
1134
+ 285
1135
+ 00:28:41,120 --> 00:28:46,900
1136
+ ูุจุฏูŠุด ุชุจูŠู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‚ุตูˆุฑูู‡ุฐุง ู…ุชูู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
1137
+
1138
+ 286
1139
+ 00:28:46,900 --> 00:28:54,420
1140
+ HCP ูŠุง ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูƒุณุณ ุงูˆ four axis system ุงู„ุงู†
1141
+
1142
+ 287
1143
+ 00:28:54,420 --> 00:29:01,180
1144
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ three axis system ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุฒ
1145
+
1146
+ 288
1147
+ 00:29:01,180 --> 00:29:07,140
1148
+ ุงู„ U prime ูˆ ุงู„ V prime ูˆ
1149
+
1150
+ 289
1151
+ 00:29:09,870 --> 00:29:17,270
1152
+ ุงู„ู€ U prime ูˆุงู„ู€ V prime ูˆุงู„ู€ W prime ุงู„ู€
1153
+
1154
+ 290
1155
+ 00:29:17,270 --> 00:29:20,410
1156
+ U prime along ุงู„ู€ A1 ูˆุงู„ู€ V prime along ุงู„ู€ A2
1157
+
1158
+ 291
1159
+ 00:29:20,410 --> 00:29:31,370
1160
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ U prime along ุงู„ู€ Z ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู† ู‡ู†ุง A1 A2 ูˆ A3
1161
+
1162
+ 292
1163
+ 00:29:31,370 --> 00:29:37,930
1164
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุธุงู… ุซู„ุงุซูŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฑุจุงุนูŠ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุฒ U ูˆ
1165
+
1166
+ 293
1167
+ 00:29:37,930 --> 00:29:50,350
1168
+ Vูˆ T ูˆ W ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูƒูˆู† along ุงู„ A ูˆุงุญุฏ along ุงู„ A ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1169
+
1170
+ 294
1171
+ 00:29:50,350 --> 00:29:57,010
1172
+ along ุงู„ A ุชู„ุงุชุฉ along ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ุงู„ A ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1173
+
1174
+ 295
1175
+ 00:29:57,010 --> 00:30:02,190
1176
+ ุงู„ Z along
1177
+
1178
+ 296
1179
+ 00:30:02,190 --> 00:30:08,470
1180
+ ุงู„ Cุทุจุนุง ููŠ conversion ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠ ู„ู„ุฑุจุนูŠ
1181
+
1182
+ 297
1183
+ 00:30:08,470 --> 00:30:12,450
1184
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ U ุจูŠุณูˆุง ุชู„ุช ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† U prime minus V
1185
+
1186
+ 298
1187
+ 00:30:12,450 --> 00:30:15,570
1188
+ prime ูˆ ุงู„ V ุชู„ุช ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† V prime minus U prime ูˆ
1189
+
1190
+ 299
1191
+ 00:30:15,570 --> 00:30:21,030
1192
+ ุงู„ T ุจูŠุณูˆุง minus U plus V vector wise ู„ุฅู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‡ุงูŠ
1193
+
1194
+ 300
1195
+ 00:30:21,030 --> 00:30:23,590
1196
+ ุงู„ A ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ A ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ A ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1197
+
1198
+ 301
1199
+ 00:30:23,590 --> 00:30:29,750
1200
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ู… ุตุญุŸ vector ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ู… ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡
1201
+
1202
+ 302
1203
+ 00:30:29,750 --> 00:30:34,990
1204
+ ุชุดูˆู A three ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนูƒุณู‡ุงุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนูŠุงุด ุงู„ T ุงู„ T
1205
+
1206
+ 303
1207
+ 00:30:34,990 --> 00:30:42,250
1208
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† minus U plus Z ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
1209
+
1210
+ 304
1211
+ 00:30:42,250 --> 00:30:48,030
1212
+ ู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฏุซ ุงู„ directions ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ ..
1213
+
1214
+ 305
1215
+ 00:30:48,030 --> 00:30:49,550
1216
+ ุฎู„ู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ุง ุดุญู„ ุฏู‡
1217
+
1218
+ 306
1219
+ 00:31:06,980 --> 00:31:09,860
1220
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ HCP ุนู†ุฏู‰ unit cell
1221
+
1222
+ 307
1223
+ 00:32:29,740 --> 00:32:40,320
1224
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ A1 ูˆ ุงู„ A2 ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ A1 ูˆู‡ูŠ
1225
+
1226
+ 308
1227
+ 00:32:40,320 --> 00:32:44,080
1228
+ ุงู„ A2 ูˆ
1229
+
1230
+ 309
1231
+ 00:32:44,080 --> 00:32:49,200
1232
+ ุงู„ C ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ C ุตุญุŸ
1233
+
1234
+ 310
1235
+ 00:32:49,200 --> 00:32:54,540
1236
+ ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ vector ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ origin
1237
+
1238
+ 311
1239
+ 00:33:00,430 --> 00:33:17,790
1240
+ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ origin ู„ุญุฏ ู…ู†ุชุตู ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐุง
1241
+
1242
+ 312
1243
+ 00:33:17,790 --> 00:33:23,470
1244
+ ุงู„ vector ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ุงุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ top view ุงุทู„ุนู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„
1245
+
1246
+ 313
1247
+ 00:33:23,470 --> 00:33:25,590
1248
+ top view ู‡ูŠุจูŠู† ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ
1249
+
1250
+ 314
1251
+ 00:33:53,870 --> 00:34:01,910
1252
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
1253
+
1254
+ 315
1255
+ 00:34:01,910 --> 00:34:12,250
1256
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ a ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆ ุงู„ vector ู‡ุฏุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ vector
1257
+
1258
+ 316
1259
+ 00:34:12,250 --> 00:34:21,610
1260
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ to view ู‡ุงูŠ ุฃุณู‚ุงุทู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
1261
+
1262
+ 317
1263
+ 00:34:21,610 --> 00:34:22,950
1264
+ ุงู„ projection ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
1265
+
1266
+ 318
1267
+ 00:34:28,000 --> 00:34:36,960
1268
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงู…ุดูŠ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
1269
+
1270
+ 319
1271
+ 00:34:36,960 --> 00:34:41,500
1272
+ ุงู„ a ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ุงุตู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ T ู„ู„head
1273
+
1274
+ 320
1275
+ 00:34:58,890 --> 00:35:06,430
1276
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู…ุดูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ A1 ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ A1 ุงู„
1277
+
1278
+ 321
1279
+ 00:35:06,430 --> 00:35:11,530
1280
+ A1 ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1281
+
1282
+ 322
1283
+ 00:35:11,530 --> 00:35:18,050
1284
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู…ุดูŠ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ A1 ุฃู…ุดูŠ
1285
+
1286
+ 323
1287
+ 00:35:18,050 --> 00:35:22,270
1288
+ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ
1289
+
1290
+ 324
1291
+ 00:35:22,270 --> 00:35:23,310
1292
+ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุฃู…ุดูŠ
1293
+
1294
+ 325
1295
+ 00:35:26,400 --> 00:35:28,780
1296
+ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ negative ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู…ุดูŠ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ negative
1297
+
1298
+ 326
1299
+ 00:35:28,780 --> 00:35:36,080
1300
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงุทู„ุน ุจุงู„ C ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุดูŠ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ
1301
+
1302
+ 327
1303
+ 00:35:36,080 --> 00:35:44,280
1304
+ ุงู„ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ a ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ a ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ C
1305
+
1306
+ 328
1307
+ 00:35:44,280 --> 00:35:55,580
1308
+ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู†ุต
1309
+
1310
+ 329
1311
+ 00:35:58,820 --> 00:36:07,320
1312
+ ุณูุฑ ูˆ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู†ุต ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู…ุซู„ U prime ูˆ V
1313
+
1314
+ 330
1315
+ 00:36:07,320 --> 00:36:15,820
1316
+ prime ูˆ W prime ุทุจุนุง clear fraction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„
1317
+
1318
+ 331
1319
+ 00:36:15,820 --> 00:36:18,260
1320
+ clear fraction ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ vector ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงูˆ ุงู„
1321
+
1322
+ 332
1323
+ 00:36:18,260 --> 00:36:27,260
1324
+ direction ุงู„ูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณูุฑ ูˆ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู†ุต
1325
+
1326
+ 333
1327
+ 00:36:31,440 --> 00:36:37,300
1328
+ ุงู„ู€ clear fraction ุณุงูุฑ
1329
+
1330
+ 334
1331
+ 00:36:37,300 --> 00:36:47,580
1332
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ
1333
+
1334
+ 335
1335
+ 00:36:47,580 --> 00:36:56,550
1336
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุงุตู„ุชู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ U primeูˆู‡ุง ุฏูŠ
1337
+
1338
+ 336
1339
+ 00:36:56,550 --> 00:37:06,990
1340
+ ุงูŠุด V prime ูˆู‡ุง ุฏูŠ W prime ู„ุงู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุญุณุจ ุงู„ U ุชู„ุช
1341
+
1342
+ 337
1343
+ 00:37:06,990 --> 00:37:10,190
1344
+ ููŠ
1345
+
1346
+ 338
1347
+ 00:37:10,190 --> 00:37:20,750
1348
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† U prime minus V prime ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู„ุช ุตูุฑ
1349
+
1350
+ 339
1351
+ 00:37:23,350 --> 00:37:34,490
1352
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุงูŠุด ุชู„ุชูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ V ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุชู„ุช
1353
+
1354
+ 340
1355
+ 00:37:34,490 --> 00:37:46,670
1356
+ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† V prime minus U prime ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุชู„ุช ููŠ ุณุงู„ุจ
1357
+
1358
+ 341
1359
+ 00:37:46,670 --> 00:37:55,860
1360
+ ุงุฑุจุน minus Zero ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุฑุจุนุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ W
1361
+
1362
+ 342
1363
+ 00:37:55,860 --> 00:38:11,600
1364
+ ุณูˆู‰ W prime ุณูˆู‰ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ T ุณูˆู‰ minus U ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1365
+
1366
+ 343
1367
+ 00:38:11,600 --> 00:38:21,460
1368
+ V ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณูˆู‰ minus ุงู„ U ุชู„ุชูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ V ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1369
+
1370
+ 344
1371
+ 00:38:21,460 --> 00:38:34,680
1372
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุชู„ุชูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฏูŠ ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1373
+
1374
+ 345
1375
+ 00:38:34,680 --> 00:38:38,080
1376
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1377
+
1378
+ 346
1379
+ 00:38:38,080 --> 00:38:46,480
1380
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ D ุจุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ู†ูŠู† ุณุงู„ุจ
1381
+
1382
+ 347
1383
+ 00:38:46,480 --> 00:38:52,520
1384
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุงู„ D ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
1385
+
1386
+ 348
1387
+ 00:38:57,780 --> 00:39:03,440
1388
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุชู„ุชูŠู† ูˆ
1389
+
1390
+ 349
1391
+ 00:39:03,440 --> 00:39:09,200
1392
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุฃ
1393
+
1394
+ 350
1395
+ 00:39:09,200 --> 00:39:17,200
1396
+ ูˆ T ูˆ ุชู„ุชูŠู† ุจุนุฏูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ clear ุงู„ fraction ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุง ููŠ
1397
+
1398
+ 351
1399
+ 00:39:17,200 --> 00:39:23,520
1400
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1401
+
1402
+ 352
1403
+ 00:39:23,520 --> 00:39:33,340
1404
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ D ุงุฑุจุนุฉู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฑุจุน ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1405
+
1406
+ 353
1407
+ 00:39:33,340 --> 00:39:42,320
1408
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุธุงู… ู…ุชูู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู†ุธุงู… ู…ุชูู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ุงู† ููŠ
1409
+
1410
+ 354
1411
+ 00:39:42,320 --> 00:39:45,800
1412
+ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู†ุง ุจุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ุจุชุนุงู…ู„ุด
1413
+
1414
+ 355
1415
+ 00:39:45,800 --> 00:39:49,640
1416
+ ุจุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ
1417
+
1418
+ 356
1419
+ 00:39:49,640 --> 00:39:55,380
1420
+ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑุงุช ู…ุงุฌูŠุด ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุฑ ุจูŠู† ุถุฑุฑุงุช ู…ุฎุชุฑู‚ุงุด
1421
+
1422
+ 357
1423
+ 00:40:01,360 --> 00:40:07,160
1424
+ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ convert one one one direction
1425
+
1426
+ 358
1427
+ 00:40:07,160 --> 00:40:11,240
1428
+ into four index system ู‡ู… ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ direction
1429
+
1430
+ 359
1431
+ 00:40:11,240 --> 00:40:22,020
1432
+ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง
1433
+
1434
+ 360
1435
+ 00:40:22,020 --> 00:40:30,000
1436
+ ุงู„ direction ุจุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡
1437
+
1438
+ 361
1439
+ 00:40:30,000 --> 00:40:43,610
1440
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงูŠู‡ุŸU' ูˆู‡ุฐุง V' ูˆู‡ุฐุง W' ูŠุนู†ูŠ U ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุซู„ุซ ููŠ
1441
+
1442
+ 362
1443
+ 00:40:43,610 --> 00:40:51,870
1444
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† U' minus V' ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุซู„ุซ ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู†ุงู‚ุต
1445
+
1446
+ 363
1447
+ 00:40:51,870 --> 00:41:04,170
1448
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุซู„ุซ ูˆุงู„ V ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุซู„ุซุชู„ุช ุชู„ุช
1449
+
1450
+ 364
1451
+ 00:41:04,170 --> 00:41:10,830
1452
+ ุชู„ุช
1453
+
1454
+ 365
1455
+ 00:41:10,830 --> 00:41:17,650
1456
+ ุชู„ุช ุชู„ุช ุชู„ุช
1457
+
1458
+ 366
1459
+ 00:41:17,650 --> 00:41:23,390
1460
+ ุชู„ุช
1461
+
1462
+ 367
1463
+ 00:41:24,860 --> 00:41:32,540
1464
+ ูˆ ุชู„ุช ูˆ ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู„ุชูŠู† ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ clear fraction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
1465
+
1466
+ 368
1467
+ 00:41:32,540 --> 00:41:45,760
1468
+ D4 ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุชุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1469
+
1470
+ 369
1471
+ 00:41:45,760 --> 00:41:57,110
1472
+ ุงู„ draw ุงู„ drawa one one one direction with hcp
1473
+
1474
+ 370
1475
+ 00:41:57,110 --> 00:42:10,150
1476
+ cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„
1477
+
1478
+ 371
1479
+ 00:42:10,150 --> 00:42:15,670
1480
+ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1481
+
1482
+ 372
1483
+ 00:42:15,670 --> 00:42:20,430
1484
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ
1485
+
1486
+ 373
1487
+ 00:42:22,860 --> 00:42:28,600
1488
+ ุงู†ุง ู…ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุดูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ุงู†ูŠ ู†ุนู… ุชู…ุดูŠ ุนู†
1489
+
1490
+ 374
1491
+ 00:42:28,600 --> 00:42:34,880
1492
+ ุงู„ู„ุงู†ูŠ ู†ุนู… ุงู†ุง ู…ูˆุงุตู ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ..
1493
+
1494
+ 375
1495
+ 00:42:34,880 --> 00:42:46,860
1496
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุง
1497
+
1498
+ 376
1499
+ 00:42:46,860 --> 00:42:59,260
1500
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุนุงุฑู ุฒุฏ ู„ุจุฑุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฅู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ
1501
+
1502
+ 377
1503
+ 00:42:59,260 --> 00:43:05,020
1504
+ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ a ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1505
+
1506
+ 378
1507
+ 00:43:05,020 --> 00:43:13,900
1508
+ ู…ูˆุงุฒู‚ ู„ู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุจุทู„ ุนู„ู‰ ููˆู‚ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนู†ุงู‡
1509
+
1510
+ 379
1511
+ 00:43:13,900 --> 00:43:20,690
1512
+ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ A ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู…ุดูŠุช ููŠ
1513
+
1514
+ 380
1515
+ 00:43:20,690 --> 00:43:26,310
1516
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ A ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุทู„ุนุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„
1517
+
1518
+ 381
1519
+ 00:43:26,310 --> 00:43:32,170
1520
+ direction ูˆุงุถุญุŸ
1521
+
1522
+ 382
1523
+ 00:43:32,170 --> 00:43:36,190
1524
+ ุฃูƒู„ ูƒูˆู„ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุฃุนุทูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ
PL9fwy3NUQKwbBCceOozNtoSQCtYlAhMQo/1mqXTDwdL34_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1528 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:05,150 --> 00:00:07,530
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:07,530 --> 00:00:12,690
7
+ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ุŒ ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏุŒ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:12,690 --> 00:00:18,450
11
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ูุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:20,140 --> 00:00:23,620
15
+ ุญุงูƒูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:23,620 --> 00:00:26,360
19
+ smallest repeating representative volume of a
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:26,360 --> 00:00:30,740
23
+ crystal ุจุณู…ูŠ unit cell ู„crystal ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุจุชุชูƒุฑุฑ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:30,740 --> 00:00:36,500
27
+ ุจุชุชูƒุฑุฑ ุจุชุฑุชูŠุจ ู…ู†ุชุธู… ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑ in all directions in a
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:36,500 --> 00:00:40,960
31
+ 3D pattern ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ crystalุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:40,960 --> 00:00:43,520
35
+ lattice parameter ุงู„ a ูˆ ุงู„ b ูˆ ุงู„ c ูˆ ุงู„ alpha ูˆ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:43,520 --> 00:00:47,660
39
+ ุงู„ beta ูˆ ุงู„ gamma ุงุชุนุฑูู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆู„ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:47,660 --> 00:00:51,540
43
+ FCC unit cell ุงู„ face centered cubic unit cell
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:51,540 --> 00:00:55,780
47
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ number ููŠ ุงู„ FCC ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุถุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:55,780 --> 00:01:01,600
51
+ corner ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ face ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ unit
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:01,600 --> 00:01:05,520
55
+ cell ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชุณุชุญูˆุฐ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุฃุฑุจุน ุถุฑุงุช ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:05,520 --> 00:01:10,760
59
+ ุชู…ู† ุฃุชู…ุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู…ู† ูŠุง cornersูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ ุณุช ู†ุตุงุต ุนู„ู‰ ุณุช
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:10,760 --> 00:01:14,180
63
+ ุฃุณุทุญ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ coordination number ููŠ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:14,180 --> 00:01:18,540
67
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ FCC ูƒู„ ุถุฑุฑ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฌู‡ุงุช ุจุนุฏุฏ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:18,540 --> 00:01:22,260
71
+ ุชู…ุงู… ุถุฑุฑุงุช ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ coordination
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:22,260 --> 00:01:27,900
75
+ number ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ atomic packing factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:27,900 --> 00:01:31,660
79
+ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุฏูŠุด ุงู†ุง ู…ุนุจูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:31,660 --> 00:01:36,030
83
+ ูŠุฏูŠุด ุงู†ุง ุดุงุบู„ ุญูŠุฒVolume of unit cell ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ volume
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:36,030 --> 00:01:39,790
87
+ of atoms ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ volume of unit cell ููŠ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ FCC
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:39,790 --> 00:01:42,390
91
+ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ atomic packing factor 74%
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:46,430 --> 00:01:49,390
95
+ ุฌุจู†ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ lattice parameter a ูˆ ุงู„ atomic
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:49,390 --> 00:01:53,750
99
+ radius ูˆ ุฌุจู†ุง ุงู„ volume ู„ ุงู„ unit cell ูˆ ุฌุจู†ุง ุงู„
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:53,750 --> 00:01:56,470
103
+ atomic packing factor ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ FCC unit cell
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:56,470 --> 00:01:59,630
107
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ BCC ุงู„ body centered
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:01:59,630 --> 00:02:04,370
111
+ cubic unit cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ BCC ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุถุฑุฑ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:04,370 --> 00:02:09,070
115
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ูˆ ููŠ ุถุฑุฑ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุถุฑุฑ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:09,070 --> 00:02:14,380
119
+ ุจุชุณุชุญูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุถุฑุชูŠู† ุชู…ุงู† ุฃุชู…ุงู†ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ููŠ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:14,380 --> 00:02:17,360
123
+ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุจุทู„ุน ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:17,360 --> 00:02:21,840
127
+ coordination number ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู†ุง ููŠ ุงุฎุทุฃุช ุงู„
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:21,840 --> 00:02:25,220
131
+ coordination number ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ FCC ุงุชู†ุงุด ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:25,220 --> 00:02:31,420
135
+ BCC ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ atomic packing factor ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ BCC
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:31,420 --> 00:02:34,000
139
+ point six ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ volume
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:34,000 --> 00:02:37,810
143
+ ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ู…ุดุบูˆู„ ุจุงู„ุถุฑุฑุงุชุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:37,810 --> 00:02:43,350
147
+ HCP ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ unit cell ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุตุฏุงุณูŠ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:43,350 --> 00:02:48,830
151
+ ู…ู‚ุทุน ู…ุณุฏุณ ุน ูƒู„ corner ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:48,830 --> 00:02:53,630
155
+ ุงู„ุตูู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุถุฑุฉ ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุถุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุงุณ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:53,630 --> 00:02:58,110
159
+ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ูˆ ุถุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุงุณ ุงู„ุตูู„ูŠ ูˆ ููŠ ุชู„ุช ุถุฑุงุช ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:58,110 --> 00:03:04,390
163
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุถุฑุงุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ .. ุนู†ุฏู‡
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:04,390 --> 00:03:12,780
167
+ ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ ุตุฏุณูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูƒู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ ู†ุตูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:12,780 --> 00:03:17,860
171
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆููŠ ุฌูˆุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠ ุณุชุฉ ุงูˆ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:17,860 --> 00:03:21,440
175
+ ุฌูุชู†ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ C ูˆ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:21,440 --> 00:03:24,080
179
+ ุงู„ lattice parameter A ุทู„ุน ุงู„ C ุจูŠุณูˆุก one point
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:24,080 --> 00:03:29,120
183
+ three three ุงุชุฑุงุช
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:29,120 --> 00:03:29,460
187
+ ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:29,460 --> 00:03:29,560
191
+ ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:33,030 --> 00:03:37,030
195
+ ุญุณุจู†ุง density ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุง ุนุฑูุชู†ุง ู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ unit cell
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:37,030 --> 00:03:40,930
199
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ density ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ density
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:40,930 --> 00:03:43,550
203
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ number of atoms ููŠ ุงู„ unit
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:43,550 --> 00:03:47,850
207
+ cell ููŠ ุงู„ molecular weight ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:47,850 --> 00:03:53,670
211
+ unit cell ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ Avogadro ูŠุง ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุงุธู† ุงู„ atomic
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:53,670 --> 00:03:56,450
215
+ packing factor ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู„ู‚ู‰ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:56,450 --> 00:04:01,920
219
+ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุตุŸู„ุฃ ูƒู„ู‡ ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุงู†ุช ุฏุงุฑุด ุงู†ู‡
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:01,920 --> 00:04:06,580
223
+ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ .. ูƒูŠู ู…ูˆุฒุนุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุช ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ atomic
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:06,580 --> 00:04:08,960
227
+ faking factor ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฎุจุงุต ุจุณ ู…ุด ู‡ูˆ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:08,960 --> 00:04:12,580
231
+ ูˆุงู†ูุฑุฏ ู…ุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ุฃ ู‡ู†ุฌูŠู„ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ู…ุด ู„ุญุงู„ู‡
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:12,580 --> 00:04:17,580
235
+ ูˆุงู†ูุฑุฏ ุทูŠุจ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:17,580 --> 00:04:23,260
239
+ ุงู„ .. ู‡ู†ุญู„ ู…ุซุงู„ ู…ุง ุญู„ู†ุงู‡ูˆุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ูุงุชุฉ ู‡ู†ุญู„
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:23,260 --> 00:04:28,750
243
+ ู…ุซุงู„ุญุงู„ู†ุง ุญุณุจู†ุง density ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:28,750 --> 00:04:33,450
247
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ูˆ ุทู„ุน ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุทุจุนุง ุญุณุจู†ุง ุทู„ุนุช ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ point
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:33,450 --> 00:04:37,510
251
+ ุชุณุนุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุญุณุงุจูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ point ุชุณุนุฉ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:37,510 --> 00:04:41,110
255
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุงุธู† point one point two percent
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:41,110 --> 00:04:48,310
259
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุฑู‚ ุถุฆูŠู„ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ู†ุฎุด ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:48,310 --> 00:04:55,800
263
+ polymorphism and allotropy poly ูŠุนู†ูŠ polyู…ุชุนุฏุฏ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:55,800 --> 00:04:59,460
267
+ polygon ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุถู„ุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู„ู‡
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:59,460 --> 00:05:02,780
271
+ ุฃุถู„ุงุน ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุงู„ polygons are materials that
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:02,780 --> 00:05:05,500
275
+ can have more than one crystal structure ููŠ ุจุนุถ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:05,500 --> 00:05:09,460
279
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:09,460 --> 00:05:17,160
283
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† BCC ู„ูˆ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:17,160 --> 00:05:20,400
287
+ ุณุฎู†ู†ุง ุจุนุฏ ุชุณุนู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ FCC ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:20,400 --> 00:05:24,520
291
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณู…ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ right ุฃูˆ ุจุณู…ูŠ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:24,520 --> 00:05:29,140
295
+ Alpha ููŠ ุงู„ right ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุชุณุนู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุด ุจุณู…ูŠ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:29,140 --> 00:05:36,540
299
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Astonite ุฃูˆ Gamma Astonite ูู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:37,300 --> 00:05:41,260
303
+ ุงุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูˆุฑูŠ ุจุชุงุนู‡ ุจุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:41,260 --> 00:05:45,720
307
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏูˆ ุจุณ ููŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:45,720 --> 00:05:52,060
311
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูˆุฌุฏุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุงู„ุฎุงู„ุตุฉ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:52,060 --> 00:05:57,560
315
+ allotropia ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุฌุฏุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:57,560 --> 00:06:00,300
319
+ polymorphism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ polymorphism ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงู„ุนุงู…
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:00,300 --> 00:06:04,640
323
+ ุงู„ allotropia ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ polymorphism ุจุณ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:04,640 --> 00:06:06,740
327
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุงู„ุฎุงู„ุตุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏูˆ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:10,100 --> 00:06:19,600
331
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ FCC ุนู†ุฏ 912 ูˆ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:19,600 --> 00:06:25,920
335
+ ู†ุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑุฏ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ structure ู…ู† FCC ู„BCC ุงู„ packing
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:25,920 --> 00:06:34,440
339
+ factor ููŠ ุงู„ FCC 74% packing factor ููŠ ุงู„ BCC 68%
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:34,440 --> 00:06:40,660
343
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุชูˆู‚ูŠุช ุถุฑุงุชู‡ุชุบูŠุฑ ุชู…ูˆุถุนู‡ุง ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ FCC
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:40,660 --> 00:06:45,520
347
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุฑ ู…ุชู…ูˆุถุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ corners ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ faces
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:45,520 --> 00:06:48,940
351
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ face ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฏุฑุงุฑ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ BCC ุจุชูƒูˆู†
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:48,940 --> 00:06:52,320
355
+ ู…ุชู…ูˆุถุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ corners ูˆ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุนุจ ู†ูุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:52,320 --> 00:06:56,860
359
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฏุฑุงุฑู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:56,860 --> 00:07:02,380
363
+ ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจุงู„ูˆุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุชู…ูˆุถุนู‡ุง
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:02,380 --> 00:07:06,960
367
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ volume change ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุงู„ packing
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:06,960 --> 00:07:13,280
371
+ factor ุงุฎุชู„ู ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ volume change ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณูˆูŠ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:13,280 --> 00:07:17,420
375
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ hard materials ุชุณูˆูŠ cracks ุชุดูƒูƒุงุช ููŠ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:17,420 --> 00:07:18,620
379
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:22,490 --> 00:07:26,330
383
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ู„ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:26,330 --> 00:07:31,770
387
+ FCC ูˆHCP
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:31,770 --> 00:07:38,650
391
+ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠู†ุง seven possible systems ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:38,650 --> 00:07:43,170
395
+ ุงุฑุจุนุชุงุดุฑ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ seven possible system ู„ู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุงุช
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:43,170 --> 00:07:48,790
399
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงุฑุจุนุชุงุดุฑ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุงุช ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุงู„
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:48,790 --> 00:07:55,100
403
+ lattice parameters ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ Aูˆ ุงู„ B ูˆ ุงู„ C ูˆ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:55,100 --> 00:07:59,420
407
+ Alpha ูˆ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ Beta ูˆ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ Gamma ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุญุงุทุท
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:59,420 --> 00:08:04,480
411
+ ู†ุธุงู… ุงุญุชุซูŠุงุช XYZ Right Hand System ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆููŠุช ุงู„ X
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:04,480 --> 00:08:16,260
415
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Y ูˆ ุชู‚ุทูŠู† ุงู„ Z ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ Table 17-2 ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:16,260 --> 00:08:21,520
419
+ ุนูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ cubic system ุงู„ cubic system ู…ู† ุงุณู…ู‡ cubic
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:32,480 --> 00:08:38,280
423
+ ุจู†ุณู…ู‡ cubic ุจูƒูˆู†ุชู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญูˆุงู ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ a
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:38,280 --> 00:08:43,460
427
+ ุจูŠุณุชูˆู‰ b ุจูŠุณุชูˆู‰ c ูˆูƒู„ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ cubic
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:43,460 --> 00:08:48,020
431
+ system ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ ุชู„ุช ุชูุฑูŠุนุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:48,020 --> 00:08:53,540
435
+ ุงู„ FCC ูˆ ุงู„ BCC ูˆ ููŠ ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู„ุช ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ simple cubic
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:53,540 --> 00:08:57,840
439
+ simple cubic ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ุถุฑุฑ ู…ุงููŠุด ุจุณ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:57,840 --> 00:09:01,800
443
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ุถุฑุฑูƒ ูˆ ุฎู„ุงุตู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ cubic
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:01,800 --> 00:09:04,160
447
+ systemุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู… ุญูƒูŠุŸ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุณุจุนุฉุŒ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:04,160 --> 00:09:07,700
451
+ cubicุŒ ุนู†ุฏ hexagonalุŒ ุนู†ุฏ tetragonalุŒ ุนู†ุฏ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:07,700 --> 00:09:12,260
455
+ ุฑูˆู…ู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงู„ุŒ ุนู†ุฏ orthomic ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:12,260 --> 00:09:17,420
459
+ monoclinic ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง triclinicุŒ ุณุจุนุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:17,420 --> 00:09:26,960
463
+ hexagonal ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ูƒู„ ุฃุถู„ุนู‡ุง A ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน Cูˆ ููŠ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:26,960 --> 00:09:31,420
467
+ ุฒุงูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:31,420 --> 00:09:40,980
471
+ ููŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ 91 ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ 290 ูˆ ููŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ 120 ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:40,980 --> 00:09:44,560
475
+ tetragonal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุถู„ุนูŠู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠูŠู† ูˆ ุถู„ุน
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:44,560 --> 00:09:49,380
479
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ู…ุด ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ู‡ู…ุด ุงูŠู‡ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุด
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:49,380 --> 00:09:53,740
483
+ C ูƒู„ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ 90 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cubic ุงู† ุถู„ุน
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:53,740 --> 00:10:00,960
487
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุฑูˆู…ู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุถู„ุงุน
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:00,960 --> 00:10:07,160
491
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ A ุจุณุงูˆูŠ B ุจุณุงูˆูŠ C ุงู„ุขู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:07,160 --> 00:10:10,020
495
+ Alpha ุจุณุงูˆูŠุฉ Beta ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ Gamma ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ 90 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:10,020 --> 00:10:16,580
499
+ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจุณ ู…ุด 90 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:16,580 --> 00:10:22,660
503
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฑุซู…ูˆุจูƒ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:24,660 --> 00:10:30,200
507
+ ุงู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุจุณ ุงู„ุฃุถู„ุงุน A ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุด B ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุด
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:30,200 --> 00:10:34,400
511
+ C ุงู„ุฃุถู„ุงุน ู…ุด ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:34,400 --> 00:10:39,300
515
+ Monoclinic ุงู„ุฃุถู„ุงุน ู…ุด ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ A ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุด B ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุด
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:39,300 --> 00:10:45,760
519
+ C ููŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุชุณุนูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู…ุด ุชุณุนูŠู† ู„ู„
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:45,760 --> 00:10:50,020
523
+ Triclinic ูƒู„ ุฃุถู„ุงุน ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ A ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุด B ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุด
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:50,020 --> 00:10:52,540
527
+ C ูˆ ูƒู„ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุด ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ most
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:52,540 --> 00:10:53,340
531
+ general case
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:04,720 --> 00:11:09,320
535
+ ุทูŠุจ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ crystal structure ุฒูŠ ู†ุธุงู…
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:09,320 --> 00:11:13,620
539
+ ุงู„ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช ุงู„
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:13,620 --> 00:11:20,480
543
+ x, y, z ุฃู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุนุฑู ู†ู‚ุงุท ููŠ ุงู„ space ู…ุธู„ูˆุท ุฅุฐุง
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:20,480 --> 00:11:25,500
547
+ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุทู„ุน ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฃุนู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุนุฑู directions ุฎุทูˆุท ุจุฏูŠ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:25,500 --> 00:11:31,950
551
+ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฃุนู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุนุฑู ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช planes ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู„ู‰ุจุนุฑู ู…ุซู„ุง
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:31,950 --> 00:11:38,730
555
+ services ู…ุซู„ุง ุฎุฏู†ูŠ ุฃุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด ู†ู‚ุงุท directions ูˆ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:38,730 --> 00:11:46,130
559
+ planes ุงู„ุขู† ุทุจุนุง ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู†ุฏุฑุงุฒูŠุงุช x y
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:46,130 --> 00:11:49,250
563
+ z right hand ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูˆูุช ุงู„ x ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ y ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:49,250 --> 00:11:55,030
567
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ z ูู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ P
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:56,900 --> 00:12:00,660
571
+ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุญุฏุซูŠุงุช ููŠู‡ุง ุญุฏุซูŠุฉ along ุงู„ X QA ูŠุนู†ูŠ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:12:00,660 --> 00:12:06,840
575
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ QA fraction ู…ู† ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง fraction ู…ู† ุงู„ A
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:06,840 --> 00:12:14,900
579
+ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ Y RB ุงู„ R ู‡ูŠ fraction ู…ู† ุงู„ุทูˆู„ B ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:14,900 --> 00:12:24,500
583
+ ุญูƒูŠุช ู†ุต ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู†ุต ุงู„ B ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ Z SC ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ S ู‡ูŠ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:24,500 --> 00:12:29,560
587
+ fraction ู…ู†ุงู„ู€ C ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃู†ุง ุจุนุฑู ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุทุจุนุง ุชุนุฑู
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:29,560 --> 00:12:36,500
591
+ ุชุซูŠูŠุช QRS Q RS ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุซูŠูŠุช ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:36,500 --> 00:12:40,660
595
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:40,660 --> 00:12:47,580
599
+ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ for the unit cell shown locate the point
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:47,580 --> 00:12:53,260
603
+ having coordinates ุฑุจุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู†ุต
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:13:32,280 --> 00:13:44,620
607
+ ู‡ูŠ X Y Z ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุนุฑู ุฃูˆ ุฃุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:13:44,620 --> 00:13:54,720
611
+ ุงู„ุฃุญุฏุซูŠุชู‡ุง ุฑุจุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู†ุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:13:54,720 --> 00:13:58,660
615
+ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฑุจุน ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุต
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:14:01,520 --> 00:14:06,420
619
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฑุจุน ุตุญ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ุฑุจุน ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:14:06,420 --> 00:14:12,540
623
+ origin ู‡ุฐุง ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Y ู‡ู…ุดูŠุช
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:14:12,540 --> 00:14:19,000
627
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Y ุจุนุฏูŠู†
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:14:19,000 --> 00:14:26,180
631
+ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ู†ุต ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Z ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:26,180 --> 00:14:29,480
635
+ ุฑุจุน ูˆุงุญุฏ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:30,880 --> 00:14:34,880
639
+ ูˆ ู†ุต ุงุฐุง
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:14:34,880 --> 00:14:39,840
643
+ ุงู†ุง
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:14:39,840 --> 00:14:45,240
647
+ ุงุญุฏุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุฑุจุน ุงู„ A ูˆ ู†ุต ุงู„ C
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:45,240 --> 00:14:56,020
651
+ ุงู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฑุจุน ุงู„ A ูˆ one unit ู…ู† ุงู„ B ูˆ ู†ุต ุงู„ C ู„ุงู†
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:56,020 --> 00:15:02,550
655
+ ุง specifypoint coordinates for all atom positions
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:15:02,550 --> 00:15:13,030
659
+ ุงูˆ for a BCC unit cell ุนู†ุฏ
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:15:13,030 --> 00:15:16,530
663
+ BCC unit cell
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:15:38,420 --> 00:15:44,800
667
+ ู‡ูŠ X ู‡ุงูŠ Y ู‡ุงูŠ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:15:44,800 --> 00:15:56,900
671
+ Z ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุนุฑู ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:15:56,900 --> 00:16:07,420
675
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:16:10,770 --> 00:16:19,870
679
+ ุณุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ BCC ููŠ ุถุงุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:16:19,870 --> 00:16:23,650
683
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุณุนุฉ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:16:23,650 --> 00:16:27,690
687
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ point ุงู„ coordinates
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:16:39,840 --> 00:16:50,980
691
+ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:16:50,980 --> 00:16:58,380
695
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:16:58,380 --> 00:17:06,820
699
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:17:07,010 --> 00:17:15,110
703
+ ุณูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณูุฑ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณูุฑ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:17:15,110 --> 00:17:20,310
707
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุณุชุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:17:20,310 --> 00:17:23,250
711
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:17:23,250 --> 00:17:23,270
715
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:17:23,270 --> 00:17:23,370
719
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:17:23,370 --> 00:17:24,930
723
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:17:24,930 --> 00:17:25,610
727
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:17:25,610 --> 00:17:34,800
731
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุณูุฑ ุณูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:17:34,800 --> 00:17:56,540
735
+ ุณูุฑ ุณูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุณุนุฉ ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ุชู„ุช ุงู†ุตุงุต ุงุญู†ุง
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:17:56,540 --> 00:18:01,990
739
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนุฑู ุงู„ geometry ููŠ ุงู„ ..ููŠ ุงู„ 3D
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:18:01,990 --> 00:18:07,090
743
+ space ุจู„ุฒู…ู†ุง ุงู„ points lines ุงูˆ directions ุจุนุฏูŠู†
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:18:07,090 --> 00:18:11,410
747
+ planes ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ directions ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:18:11,410 --> 00:18:19,570
751
+ metals ู„ู…ุง ุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ deformation ููŠ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:18:19,570 --> 00:18:23,890
755
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุช ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุชุฑุงุตุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:18:23,890 --> 00:18:29,880
759
+ ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุช ู…ุชุฑุงุตุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุงู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:18:29,880 --> 00:18:32,340
763
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ deformation ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‚ู„ูŠุฉ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:18:32,340 --> 00:18:36,300
767
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:18:36,300 --> 00:18:42,680
771
+ deformation ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:18:42,680 --> 00:18:47,020
775
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุทุฑุงุณุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุทุฑุงุณุง
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:18:47,020 --> 00:18:50,120
779
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุทุฑุงุณ ููŠู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุซุงูุฉ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:18:50,120 --> 00:18:55,060
783
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ููŠู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ููŠู‡ ุงูƒุชูŠุฑ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:18:55,060 --> 00:18:59,020
787
+ directions ุงู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุณุทุญูŠุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:18:59,020 --> 00:19:02,380
791
+ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุญุณูŠุช deformation ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:19:02,380 --> 00:19:07,780
795
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ ุงุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ูˆููŠ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:19:07,780 --> 00:19:15,680
799
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต directional ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ููŠ ู…ุง
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:19:15,680 --> 00:19:18,820
803
+ ูŠุณู…ู‰ Miller indices are used to define directions
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:19:18,820 --> 00:19:24,350
807
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡ ู…ูŠู„ุฑุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ directions ููŠ ุงู„
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:19:24,350 --> 00:19:27,550
811
+ crystal structures ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ mathematics ุงูˆ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:19:27,550 --> 00:19:31,310
815
+ ููŠ ุงู„ calculus ูƒู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง vectors ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:19:31,310 --> 00:19:37,630
819
+ direction ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุดุŸ vector ุงู„ vector ุงูŠุด ุจูƒู„ู‡ุŸ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:19:37,630 --> 00:19:41,870
823
+ magnitude ูˆ direction ู…ุงุฌู†ุชูŠูˆุฏ ูˆ direction ูˆ sense
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:19:41,870 --> 00:19:46,810
827
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุตุญุŸ ุทูŠุจ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:19:48,470 --> 00:19:52,830
831
+ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนุดุงู† to define miller indices ุงูˆ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:19:52,830 --> 00:19:55,730
835
+ ู„ู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ directions ููŠ ุงู„ crystal structures
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:19:55,730 --> 00:20:00,910
839
+ ุงูˆู„ุด ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ู†ุธุงู… ุงุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช right hand coordinate
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:20:00,910 --> 00:20:05,530
843
+ system ู‡ุฐุง ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุดุงู† ุงุนุฑู direction ุงูˆ vector
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:20:05,530 --> 00:20:10,770
847
+ ุจุงู„ุฒุฑุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู„ ุตุญ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:20:10,770 --> 00:20:18,200
851
+ ุจุงุนุฑู ุงู„ coordinates ู„ู„ุฑุฃุณ ูˆุงู„ coordinatesู„ุฃ ุฏุงูŠู„ุฉ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:20:18,200 --> 00:20:24,900
855
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุทุฑุญ ุงู„ุฏูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ูƒุณูˆุฑ clear
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:20:24,900 --> 00:20:30,760
859
+ fraction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ู†ุต ุชู„ุช clear fraction ุจุนุฏูŠู†
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:20:30,760 --> 00:20:38,560
863
+ ุญุท ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ููŠ ุฅุด ุจูŠู† ู‚ุณูŠู† ู…ุฑุจุนุงุช ุจุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง a
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:20:38,560 --> 00:20:41,400
867
+ direction and its negative are not identical ูŠุนู†ูŠ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:20:41,400 --> 00:20:48,330
871
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุงa direction and it's
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:20:48,330 --> 00:20:51,470
875
+ multiple identical ุงุฐุง ุฃุถุฑุจ ุงู„ direction ูˆ ุฃุถุฑุจู‡
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:20:51,470 --> 00:20:58,590
879
+ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณ ุฃูˆ ุณุชุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุจุณ ู†ุดูˆู
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:20:58,590 --> 00:21:05,290
883
+ ู…ุซุงู„ determine the miller indices for the
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:21:05,290 --> 00:21:14,710
887
+ direction shown ุงู„ู„ูŠ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:21:14,710 --> 00:21:26,510
891
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ directionู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ direction ู‡ูˆ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:21:26,510 --> 00:21:34,670
895
+ ุงู† ุงู„ head ุงูŠุด ุญุฏุซูŠุฉ ุงู„ head ู†ุต
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:21:34,670 --> 00:21:50,120
899
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณูุฑ ู†ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุณูุฑุงู„ู€ tail ุตูุฑ ุตูุฑ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุงู„
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:21:50,120 --> 00:22:00,500
903
+ head minus ุงู„ tail ู†ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ุจุนุฏ ู† clear
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:22:00,500 --> 00:22:07,660
907
+ fractions ู…ุถุฑูˆู ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชูˆุง ู‚ุตูŠุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:22:07,660 --> 00:22:09,400
911
+ ูˆ ุตูุฑ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:22:12,360 --> 00:22:21,560
915
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุญุท ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ direction ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุงุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตูุฑ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:22:21,560 --> 00:22:32,640
919
+ draw
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:22:32,640 --> 00:22:38,220
923
+ a one one negative zero direction within a cubic
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:22:38,220 --> 00:22:46,770
927
+ unit cellุฃุฑุณู… ู„ู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุทุจุนุง
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:22:46,770 --> 00:22:53,070
931
+ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุจู†ุญุท ุดุญุทุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุตูุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ููŠ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:22:53,070 --> 00:23:01,030
935
+ ุงู„ X ูƒู… ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ X ูˆุงุญุฏ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:23:01,030 --> 00:23:04,750
939
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:23:04,750 --> 00:23:08,530
943
+ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ Y ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:23:18,110 --> 00:23:38,890
947
+ ูˆ ุตูุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงุต ูˆุตู„ุช ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ direction ู‡ุฐุง
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:23:38,890 --> 00:23:47,380
951
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุตูุฑุงู†ุช ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ุงู…ุชุฌุงู‡ ุชุจุฏุฃ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:23:47,380 --> 00:23:53,220
955
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ originุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ุช ุฑุงูŠุญ ุชุบู„ุจ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:23:53,220 --> 00:23:55,820
959
+ ุญุงู„ูƒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:23:55,820 --> 00:24:01,240
963
+ ู†ูุณูƒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ูŠุด ุชุชูƒู„ูƒุน ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู†ุช ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠู„ูƒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:24:01,240 --> 00:24:09,540
967
+ ุณุงุฑูŠ ุงุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ origin ููŠ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:24:09,540 --> 00:24:13,720
971
+ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ families of directions ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฌู‡ุงุช
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:24:21,440 --> 00:24:24,780
975
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุตุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ ููŠ ูƒู„
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:24:24,780 --> 00:24:31,080
979
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุจุณ ู…ุง identical directions ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:24:31,080 --> 00:24:33,520
983
+ ู„ูˆ ู‚ุตุช ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:24:33,520 --> 00:24:37,020
987
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุจุญูƒูŠ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:24:37,020 --> 00:24:41,640
991
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ directions are identical ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ cubic
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:24:41,640 --> 00:24:48,080
995
+ cells ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ cubic cells ูู‚ุทdirections in
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:24:48,080 --> 00:24:53,920
999
+ cubic crystals having the same indices without
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:24:53,920 --> 00:24:59,280
1003
+ regard to order or sign are equivalent ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:24:59,280 --> 00:25:05,300
1007
+ cubic unit cells ูู‚ุท ุงู„ directions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:25:05,300 --> 00:25:14,020
1011
+ indices ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู†ูุณ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:25:14,020 --> 00:25:15,200
1015
+ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก identical ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:25:20,320 --> 00:25:25,580
1019
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูƒูŠุจูˆูƒุณูŠู†ุฒ ุงุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ direction ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:25:25,580 --> 00:25:34,300
1023
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ุซู„ ุจุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:25:34,300 --> 00:25:44,260
1027
+ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:25:44,260 --> 00:25:49,580
1031
+ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:25:51,220 --> 00:26:08,520
1035
+ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ุงูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:26:08,520 --> 00:26:15,580
1039
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:26:15,580 --> 00:26:20,540
1043
+ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:26:23,680 --> 00:26:32,020
1047
+ ุงุจุฏูƒ ุชุฌุฑุจ ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:26:32,020 --> 00:26:37,000
1051
+ ุณุงู„ุจ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:26:37,000 --> 00:26:41,300
1055
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:26:41,300 --> 00:26:42,880
1059
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:26:42,880 --> 00:26:44,560
1063
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:26:44,560 --> 00:26:46,620
1067
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:26:46,620 --> 00:26:47,040
1071
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:26:47,040 --> 00:26:48,390
1075
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุนู† ุงู„
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:26:48,390 --> 00:26:53,250
1079
+ indices ุนู† ุชุฑุชูŠุจู‡ู… ูˆุนู† ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุงุณู…ู‡ู…
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:26:53,250 --> 00:27:05,490
1083
+ family of directions ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ cubic unit cells ููŠ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:27:05,490 --> 00:27:14,160
1087
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ hcp ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ู†ุธุงู… ุงุญุชุซูŠุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู„
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:27:14,160 --> 00:27:19,740
1091
+ hcp ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏ ุฃุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ top view ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุณุฏุงุณูŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:27:19,740 --> 00:27:36,880
1095
+ ู„ูˆ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:27:36,880 --> 00:27:41,240
1099
+ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุฎุฏ ู‡ูŠ x ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุญูƒูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ x ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ y ู…ุซู„ุง
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:27:44,010 --> 00:27:53,170
1103
+ YX ูˆุงู„ุฒุฏ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‚ุตูˆุฑ cosine ูˆ sine
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:27:53,170 --> 00:27:59,430
1107
+ ุงู„ุณุชูŠู† ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‚ุตูˆุฑ ูู‡ูˆ ู…ุชูู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:27:59,430 --> 00:28:05,190
1111
+ ู†ุธุงู… ุงุญุฏุซูŠุงุช ุซู„ุงุซูŠ ุงูˆ ุฑุจุงุนูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:28:05,190 --> 00:28:10,630
1115
+ ู…ุชุนู…ุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:28:10,630 --> 00:28:11,330
1119
+ A1
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:28:14,200 --> 00:28:23,660
1123
+ ูˆ ุงู„ a2 ูˆ ุงู„ a3 ูˆ ุงู„ z ุฃูˆ ุงู„ c ู…ุชุนู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุฒุฑุน
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:28:23,660 --> 00:28:32,760
1127
+ ุจูŠู† ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:28:32,760 --> 00:28:37,480
1131
+ redundancy ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ููŠ ุงูŠุด ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุจุณ ุงู†ุง ู…ุด ุน
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:28:37,480 --> 00:28:41,120
1135
+ ุงู„ crystal structure ุจุฏูŠุด ุงู†ุง ุจู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ุชุฌุงู‡ุชู‡ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:28:41,120 --> 00:28:46,900
1139
+ ูุจุฏูŠุด ุชุจูŠู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‚ุตูˆุฑูู‡ุฐุง ู…ุชูู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:28:46,900 --> 00:28:54,420
1143
+ HCP ูŠุง ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูƒุณุณ ุงูˆ four axis system ุงู„ุงู†
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:28:54,420 --> 00:29:01,180
1147
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ three axis system ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุฒ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:29:01,180 --> 00:29:07,140
1151
+ ุงู„ U prime ูˆ ุงู„ V prime ูˆ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:29:09,870 --> 00:29:17,270
1155
+ ุงู„ู€ U prime ูˆุงู„ู€ V prime ูˆุงู„ู€ W prime ุงู„ู€
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:29:17,270 --> 00:29:20,410
1159
+ U prime along ุงู„ู€ A1 ูˆุงู„ู€ V prime along ุงู„ู€ A2
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:29:20,410 --> 00:29:31,370
1163
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ U prime along ุงู„ู€ Z ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู† ู‡ู†ุง A1 A2 ูˆ A3
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:29:31,370 --> 00:29:37,930
1167
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุธุงู… ุซู„ุงุซูŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฑุจุงุนูŠ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุฒ U ูˆ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:29:37,930 --> 00:29:50,350
1171
+ Vูˆ T ูˆ W ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูƒูˆู† along ุงู„ A ูˆุงุญุฏ along ุงู„ A ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:29:50,350 --> 00:29:57,010
1175
+ along ุงู„ A ุชู„ุงุชุฉ along ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ุงู„ A ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:29:57,010 --> 00:30:02,190
1179
+ ุงู„ Z along
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:30:02,190 --> 00:30:08,470
1183
+ ุงู„ Cุทุจุนุง ููŠ conversion ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠ ู„ู„ุฑุจุนูŠ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:30:08,470 --> 00:30:12,450
1187
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ U ุจูŠุณูˆุง ุชู„ุช ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† U prime minus V
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:30:12,450 --> 00:30:15,570
1191
+ prime ูˆ ุงู„ V ุชู„ุช ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† V prime minus U prime ูˆ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:30:15,570 --> 00:30:21,030
1195
+ ุงู„ T ุจูŠุณูˆุง minus U plus V vector wise ู„ุฅู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‡ุงูŠ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:30:21,030 --> 00:30:23,590
1199
+ ุงู„ A ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ A ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ A ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:30:23,590 --> 00:30:29,750
1203
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ู… ุตุญุŸ vector ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ู… ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:30:29,750 --> 00:30:34,990
1207
+ ุชุดูˆู A three ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนูƒุณู‡ุงุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนูŠุงุด ุงู„ T ุงู„ T
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:30:34,990 --> 00:30:42,250
1211
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† minus U plus Z ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:30:42,250 --> 00:30:48,030
1215
+ ู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฏุซ ุงู„ directions ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ ..
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:30:48,030 --> 00:30:49,550
1219
+ ุฎู„ู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ุง ุดุญู„ ุฏู‡
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:31:06,980 --> 00:31:09,860
1223
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ HCP ุนู†ุฏู‰ unit cell
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:32:29,740 --> 00:32:40,320
1227
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ A1 ูˆ ุงู„ A2 ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ A1 ูˆู‡ูŠ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:32:40,320 --> 00:32:44,080
1231
+ ุงู„ A2 ูˆ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:32:44,080 --> 00:32:49,200
1235
+ ุงู„ C ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ C ุตุญุŸ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:32:49,200 --> 00:32:54,540
1239
+ ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ vector ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ origin
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:33:00,430 --> 00:33:17,790
1243
+ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ origin ู„ุญุฏ ู…ู†ุชุตู ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐุง
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:33:17,790 --> 00:33:23,470
1247
+ ุงู„ vector ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ุงุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ top view ุงุทู„ุนู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:33:23,470 --> 00:33:25,590
1251
+ top view ู‡ูŠุจูŠู† ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:33:53,870 --> 00:34:01,910
1255
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:34:01,910 --> 00:34:12,250
1259
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ a ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆ ุงู„ vector ู‡ุฏุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ vector
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:34:12,250 --> 00:34:21,610
1263
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ to view ู‡ุงูŠ ุฃุณู‚ุงุทู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:34:21,610 --> 00:34:22,950
1267
+ ุงู„ projection ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:34:28,000 --> 00:34:36,960
1271
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงู…ุดูŠ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:34:36,960 --> 00:34:41,500
1275
+ ุงู„ a ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ุงุตู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ T ู„ู„head
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:34:58,890 --> 00:35:06,430
1279
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู…ุดูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ A1 ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ A1 ุงู„
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:35:06,430 --> 00:35:11,530
1283
+ A1 ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:35:11,530 --> 00:35:18,050
1287
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู…ุดูŠ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ A1 ุฃู…ุดูŠ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:35:18,050 --> 00:35:22,270
1291
+ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:35:22,270 --> 00:35:23,310
1295
+ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุฃู…ุดูŠ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:35:26,400 --> 00:35:28,780
1299
+ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ negative ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู…ุดูŠ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ negative
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:35:28,780 --> 00:35:36,080
1303
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงุทู„ุน ุจุงู„ C ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุดูŠ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:35:36,080 --> 00:35:44,280
1307
+ ุงู„ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ a ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ a ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ C
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:35:44,280 --> 00:35:55,580
1311
+ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู†ุต
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:35:58,820 --> 00:36:07,320
1315
+ ุณูุฑ ูˆ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู†ุต ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู…ุซู„ U prime ูˆ V
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:36:07,320 --> 00:36:15,820
1319
+ prime ูˆ W prime ุทุจุนุง clear fraction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:36:15,820 --> 00:36:18,260
1323
+ clear fraction ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ vector ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงูˆ ุงู„
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:36:18,260 --> 00:36:27,260
1327
+ direction ุงู„ูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณูุฑ ูˆ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู†ุต
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:36:31,440 --> 00:36:37,300
1331
+ ุงู„ู€ clear fraction ุณุงูุฑ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:36:37,300 --> 00:36:47,580
1335
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:36:47,580 --> 00:36:56,550
1339
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุงุตู„ุชู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ U primeูˆู‡ุง ุฏูŠ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:36:56,550 --> 00:37:06,990
1343
+ ุงูŠุด V prime ูˆู‡ุง ุฏูŠ W prime ู„ุงู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุญุณุจ ุงู„ U ุชู„ุช
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:37:06,990 --> 00:37:10,190
1347
+ ููŠ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:37:10,190 --> 00:37:20,750
1351
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† U prime minus V prime ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู„ุช ุตูุฑ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:37:23,350 --> 00:37:34,490
1355
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุงูŠุด ุชู„ุชูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ V ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุชู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:37:34,490 --> 00:37:46,670
1359
+ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† V prime minus U prime ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุชู„ุช ููŠ ุณุงู„ุจ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:37:46,670 --> 00:37:55,860
1363
+ ุงุฑุจุน minus Zero ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุฑุจุนุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ W
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:37:55,860 --> 00:38:11,600
1367
+ ุณูˆู‰ W prime ุณูˆู‰ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ T ุณูˆู‰ minus U ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:38:11,600 --> 00:38:21,460
1371
+ V ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณูˆู‰ minus ุงู„ U ุชู„ุชูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ V ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:38:21,460 --> 00:38:34,680
1375
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุชู„ุชูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฏูŠ ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:38:34,680 --> 00:38:38,080
1379
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:38:38,080 --> 00:38:46,480
1383
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ D ุจุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ู†ูŠู† ุณุงู„ุจ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:38:46,480 --> 00:38:52,520
1387
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุงู„ D ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:38:57,780 --> 00:39:03,440
1391
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุชู„ุชูŠู† ูˆ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:39:03,440 --> 00:39:09,200
1395
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุฃ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:39:09,200 --> 00:39:17,200
1399
+ ูˆ T ูˆ ุชู„ุชูŠู† ุจุนุฏูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ clear ุงู„ fraction ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุง ููŠ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:39:17,200 --> 00:39:23,520
1403
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:39:23,520 --> 00:39:33,340
1407
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ D ุงุฑุจุนุฉู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฑุจุน ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:39:33,340 --> 00:39:42,320
1411
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุธุงู… ู…ุชูู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู†ุธุงู… ู…ุชูู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ุงู† ููŠ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:39:42,320 --> 00:39:45,800
1415
+ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู†ุง ุจุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ุจุชุนุงู…ู„ุด
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:39:45,800 --> 00:39:49,640
1419
+ ุจุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:39:49,640 --> 00:39:55,380
1423
+ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑุงุช ู…ุงุฌูŠุด ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุฑ ุจูŠู† ุถุฑุฑุงุช ู…ุฎุชุฑู‚ุงุด
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:40:01,360 --> 00:40:07,160
1427
+ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ convert one one one direction
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:40:07,160 --> 00:40:11,240
1431
+ into four index system ู‡ู… ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ direction
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:40:11,240 --> 00:40:22,020
1435
+ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:40:22,020 --> 00:40:30,000
1439
+ ุงู„ direction ุจุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:40:30,000 --> 00:40:43,610
1443
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงูŠู‡ุŸU' ูˆู‡ุฐุง V' ูˆู‡ุฐุง W' ูŠุนู†ูŠ U ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุซู„ุซ ููŠ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:40:43,610 --> 00:40:51,870
1447
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† U' minus V' ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุซู„ุซ ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู†ุงู‚ุต
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:40:51,870 --> 00:41:04,170
1451
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุซู„ุซ ูˆุงู„ V ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุซู„ุซุชู„ุช ุชู„ุช
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:41:04,170 --> 00:41:10,830
1455
+ ุชู„ุช
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:41:10,830 --> 00:41:17,650
1459
+ ุชู„ุช ุชู„ุช ุชู„ุช
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:41:17,650 --> 00:41:23,390
1463
+ ุชู„ุช
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:41:24,860 --> 00:41:32,540
1467
+ ูˆ ุชู„ุช ูˆ ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู„ุชูŠู† ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ clear fraction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:41:32,540 --> 00:41:45,760
1471
+ D4 ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุชุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:41:45,760 --> 00:41:57,110
1475
+ ุงู„ draw ุงู„ drawa one one one direction with hcp
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:41:57,110 --> 00:42:10,150
1479
+ cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:42:10,150 --> 00:42:15,670
1483
+ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:42:15,670 --> 00:42:20,430
1487
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:42:22,860 --> 00:42:28,600
1491
+ ุงู†ุง ู…ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุดูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ุงู†ูŠ ู†ุนู… ุชู…ุดูŠ ุนู†
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:42:28,600 --> 00:42:34,880
1495
+ ุงู„ู„ุงู†ูŠ ู†ุนู… ุงู†ุง ู…ูˆุงุตู ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ..
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:42:34,880 --> 00:42:46,860
1499
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุง
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:42:46,860 --> 00:42:59,260
1503
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุงู†ุง ุนุงุฑู ุฒุฏ ู„ุจุฑุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:42:59,260 --> 00:43:05,020
1507
+ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ a ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:43:05,020 --> 00:43:13,900
1511
+ ู…ูˆุงุฒู‚ ู„ู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุจุทู„ ุนู„ู‰ ููˆู‚ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:43:13,900 --> 00:43:20,690
1515
+ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ A ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู…ุดูŠุช ููŠ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:43:20,690 --> 00:43:26,310
1519
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ A ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงุทู„ุนุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:43:26,310 --> 00:43:32,170
1523
+ direction ูˆุงุถุญุŸ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:43:32,170 --> 00:43:36,190
1527
+ ุงูƒู„ ูƒูˆู„ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ
1528
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbBCceOozNtoSQCtYlAhMQo/1mqXTDwdL34_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwbBCceOozNtoSQCtYlAhMQo/1mqXTDwdL34_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1560 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:05,150 --> 00:00:07,530
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:07,530 --> 00:00:12,690
7
+ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ุŒ ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏุŒ ุจุฏุฃู†ุง
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:12,690 --> 00:00:18,450
11
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ูุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:20,140 --> 00:00:23,620
15
+ ุญุงูƒูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:23,620 --> 00:00:26,360
19
+ smallest repeating representative volume of a
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:26,360 --> 00:00:30,740
23
+ crystal ุจุณู…ูŠ unit cell ู„crystal ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุจุชุชูƒุฑุฑ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:30,740 --> 00:00:36,500
27
+ ุจุชุชูƒุฑุฑ ุจุชุฑุชูŠุจ ู…ู†ุชุธู… ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑ in all directions in a
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:36,500 --> 00:00:40,960
31
+ 3D pattern ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ crystalุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:40,960 --> 00:00:43,520
35
+ lattice parameter ุงู„ a ูˆ ุงู„ b ูˆ ุงู„ c ูˆ ุงู„ alpha ูˆ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:43,520 --> 00:00:47,660
39
+ ุงู„ beta ูˆ ุงู„ gamma ุงุชุนุฑูู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูˆู„ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:47,660 --> 00:00:51,540
43
+ FCC unit cell ุงู„ face centered cubic unit cell
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:51,540 --> 00:00:55,780
47
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ number ููŠ ุงู„ FCC ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุถุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:55,780 --> 00:01:01,600
51
+ corner ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ face ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ unit
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:01,600 --> 00:01:05,520
55
+ cell ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจุชุณุชุญูˆุฐ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุฃุฑุจุน ุถุฑุงุช ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:05,520 --> 00:01:10,760
59
+ ุชู…ู† ุฃุชู…ุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู…ู† ูŠุง cornersูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ ุณุช ู†ุตุงุต ุนู„ู‰ ุณุช
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:10,760 --> 00:01:14,180
63
+ ุฃุณุทุญ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ coordination number ููŠ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:14,180 --> 00:01:18,540
67
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ FCC ูƒู„ ุถุฑุฑ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฌู‡ุงุช ุจุนุฏุฏ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:18,540 --> 00:01:22,260
71
+ ุชู…ุงู… ุถุฑุฑุงุช ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ coordination
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:22,260 --> 00:01:27,900
75
+ number ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ atomic packing factor ุงู„ู„ูŠ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:27,900 --> 00:01:31,660
79
+ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุฏูŠุด ุงู†ุง ู…ุนุจูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:31,660 --> 00:01:36,030
83
+ ูŠุฏูŠุด ุงู†ุง ุดุงุบู„ ุญูŠุฒVolume of unit cell ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ volume
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:36,030 --> 00:01:39,790
87
+ of atoms ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ volume of unit cell ููŠ ุญูŠุงุฉ ุงู„ FCC
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:39,790 --> 00:01:42,390
91
+ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ atomic packing factor 74%
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:46,430 --> 00:01:49,390
95
+ ุฌุจู†ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ lattice parameter a ูˆ ุงู„ atomic
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:49,390 --> 00:01:53,750
99
+ radius ูˆ ุฌุจู†ุง ุงู„ volume ู„ ุงู„ unit cell ูˆ ุฌุจู†ุง ุงู„
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:53,750 --> 00:01:56,470
103
+ atomic packing factor ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ FCC unit cell
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:56,470 --> 00:01:59,630
107
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ BCC ุงู„ body centered
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:01:59,630 --> 00:02:04,370
111
+ cubic unit cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ BCC ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุถุฑุฑ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:04,370 --> 00:02:09,070
115
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ูˆ ููŠ ุถุฑุฑ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุถุฑุฑ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:09,070 --> 00:02:14,380
119
+ ุจุชุณุชุญูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุถุฑุชูŠู† ุชู…ุงู† ุฃุชู…ุงู†ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ููŠ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:14,380 --> 00:02:17,360
123
+ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุจุทู„ุน ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:17,360 --> 00:02:21,840
127
+ coordination number ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู†ุง ููŠ ุงุฎุทุฃุช ุงู„
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:21,840 --> 00:02:25,220
131
+ coordination number ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ FCC ุงุชู†ุงุด ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:25,220 --> 00:02:31,420
135
+ BCC ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ atomic packing factor ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ BCC
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:31,420 --> 00:02:34,000
139
+ point six ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ volume
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:34,000 --> 00:02:37,810
143
+ ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ู…ุดุบูˆู„ ุจุงู„ุถุฑุฑุงุชุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:37,810 --> 00:02:43,350
147
+ HCP ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ unit cell ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุตุฏุงุณูŠ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:43,350 --> 00:02:48,830
151
+ ู…ู‚ุทุน ู…ุณุฏุณ ุน ูƒู„ corner ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:48,830 --> 00:02:53,630
155
+ ุงู„ุตูู„ูŠุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุถุฑุฉ ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุถุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุงุณ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:53,630 --> 00:02:58,110
159
+ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ูˆ ุถุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุงุณ ุงู„ุตูู„ูŠ ูˆ ููŠ ุชู„ุช ุถุฑุงุช ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:58,110 --> 00:03:04,390
163
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุถุฑุงุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ .. ุนู†ุฏู‡
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:04,390 --> 00:03:12,780
167
+ ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ ุตุฏุณูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูƒู… ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ ู†ุตูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:12,780 --> 00:03:17,860
171
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆููŠ ุฌูˆุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠ ุณุชุฉ ุงูˆ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:17,860 --> 00:03:21,440
175
+ ุฌูุชู†ุง ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ C ูˆ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:21,440 --> 00:03:24,080
179
+ ุงู„ lattice parameter A ุทู„ุน ุงู„ C ุจูŠุณูˆุก one point
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:24,080 --> 00:03:29,120
183
+ three three ุงุชุฑุงุช
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:29,120 --> 00:03:29,460
187
+ ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:29,460 --> 00:03:29,460
191
+ ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:29,460 --> 00:03:29,460
195
+ ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:29,460 --> 00:03:29,460
199
+ ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑุงุช
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:29,460 --> 00:03:29,560
203
+ ุงุชุฑุงุช ุงุชุฑ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:33,030 --> 00:03:37,030
207
+ ุญุณุจู†ุง density ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุง ุนุฑูุชู†ุง ู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ unit cell
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:37,030 --> 00:03:40,930
211
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ density ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ density
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:40,930 --> 00:03:43,550
215
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ number of atoms ููŠ ุงู„ unit
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:43,550 --> 00:03:47,850
219
+ cell ููŠ ุงู„ molecular weight ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:03:47,850 --> 00:03:53,670
223
+ unit cell ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ Avogadro ูŠุง ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุงุธู† ุงู„ atomic
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:03:53,670 --> 00:03:56,450
227
+ packing factor ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู„ู‚ู‰ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:03:56,450 --> 00:04:01,920
231
+ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุตุŸู„ุฃ ูƒู„ู‡ ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุงู†ุช ุฏุงุฑุด ุงู†ู‡
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:01,920 --> 00:04:06,580
235
+ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ .. ูƒูŠู ู…ูˆุฒุนุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุช ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ atomic
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:06,580 --> 00:04:08,960
239
+ faking factor ู„ู‡ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ุฎุจุงุต ุจุณ ู…ุด ู‡ูˆ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:08,960 --> 00:04:12,580
243
+ ูˆุงู†ูุฑุฏ ู…ุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู„ุฃ ู‡ู†ุฌูŠู„ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุชูุตูŠู„ ู…ุด ู„ุญุงู„ู‡
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:12,580 --> 00:04:17,580
247
+ ูˆุงู†ูุฑุฏ ุทูŠุจ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:17,580 --> 00:04:23,260
251
+ ุงู„ .. ู‡ู†ุญู„ ู…ุซุงู„ ู…ุง ุญู„ู†ุงู‡ูˆุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ูุงุชุฉ ู‡ู†ุญู„
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:23,260 --> 00:04:28,750
255
+ ู…ุซุงู„ุญุงู„ู†ุง ุญุณุจู†ุง density ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:28,750 --> 00:04:33,450
259
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ูˆ ุทู„ุน ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุทุจุนุง ุญุณุจู†ุง ุทู„ุนุช ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ point
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:33,450 --> 00:04:37,510
263
+ ุชุณุนุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุญุณุงุจูŠุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ูƒุงู†ุช ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ point ุชุณุนุฉ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:37,510 --> 00:04:41,110
267
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุงุธู† point one point two percent
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:41,110 --> 00:04:48,310
271
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุฑู‚ ุถุฆูŠู„ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ู†ุฎุด ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:48,310 --> 00:04:55,800
275
+ polymorphism and allotropy poly ูŠุนู†ูŠ polyู…ุชุนุฏุฏ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:55,800 --> 00:04:59,460
279
+ polygon ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุถู„ุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู„ู‡
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:04:59,460 --> 00:05:02,780
283
+ ุฃุถู„ุงุน ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุงู„ polygons are materials that
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:02,780 --> 00:05:05,500
287
+ can have more than one crystal structure ููŠ ุจุนุถ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:05,500 --> 00:05:09,460
291
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:09,460 --> 00:05:17,160
295
+ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† BCC ู„ูˆ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:17,160 --> 00:05:20,400
299
+ ุณุฎู†ู†ุง ุจุนุฏ ุชุณุนู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ FCC ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:20,400 --> 00:05:24,520
303
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณู…ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ right ุฃูˆ ุจุณู…ูŠ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:24,520 --> 00:05:29,140
307
+ Alpha ููŠ ุงู„ right ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู† ุชุณุนู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆ ุงุชู†ุงุด ุจุณู…ูŠ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:29,140 --> 00:05:36,540
311
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ Astonite ุฃูˆ Gamma Astonite ูู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:37,300 --> 00:05:41,260
315
+ ุงุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูˆุฑูŠ ุจุชุงุนู‡ ุจุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:41,260 --> 00:05:45,720
319
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุด ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏูˆ ุจุณ ููŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:45,720 --> 00:05:52,060
323
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูˆุฌุฏุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุงู„ุฎุงู„ุตุฉ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:52,060 --> 00:05:57,560
327
+ allotropia ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆุฌุฏุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:05:57,560 --> 00:06:00,300
331
+ polymorphism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ polymorphism ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ุงู„ุนุงู…
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:00,300 --> 00:06:04,640
335
+ ุงู„ allotropia ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ polymorphism ุจุณ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:04,640 --> 00:06:06,740
339
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุงู„ุฎุงู„ุตุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏูˆ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:10,100 --> 00:06:19,600
343
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ FCC ุนู†ุฏ 912 ูˆ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:19,600 --> 00:06:25,920
347
+ ู†ุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฑุฏ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ structure ู…ู† FCC ู„BCC ุงู„ packing
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:25,920 --> 00:06:34,440
351
+ factor ููŠ ุงู„ FCC 74% packing factor ููŠ ุงู„ BCC 68%
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:34,440 --> 00:06:40,660
355
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุชูˆู‚ูŠุช ุถุฑุงุชู‡ุชุบูŠุฑ ุชู…ูˆุถุนู‡ุง ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ FCC
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:40,660 --> 00:06:45,520
359
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุฑ ู…ุชู…ูˆุถุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ corners ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ faces
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:45,520 --> 00:06:48,940
363
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ face ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฏุฑุงุฑ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ BCC ุจุชูƒูˆู†
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:48,940 --> 00:06:52,320
367
+ ู…ุชู…ูˆุถุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ corners ูˆ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุนุจ ู†ูุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:52,320 --> 00:06:56,860
371
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฏุฑุงุฑู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:56,860 --> 00:07:02,380
375
+ ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจุงู„ูˆุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุชู…ูˆุถุนู‡ุง
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:02,380 --> 00:07:06,960
379
+ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ volume change ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุงู„ packing
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:06,960 --> 00:07:13,280
383
+ factor ุงุฎุชู„ู ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ volume change ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณูˆูŠ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:13,280 --> 00:07:17,420
387
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ hard materials ุชุณูˆูŠ cracks ุชุดูƒูƒุงุช ููŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:17,420 --> 00:07:18,620
391
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:22,490 --> 00:07:26,330
395
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ู„ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:26,330 --> 00:07:31,770
399
+ FCC ูˆHCP
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:31,770 --> 00:07:38,650
403
+ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠู†ุง seven possible systems ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:38,650 --> 00:07:43,170
407
+ ุงุฑุจุนุชุงุดุฑ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ seven possible system ู„ู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุงุช
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:43,170 --> 00:07:48,790
411
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงุฑุจุนุชุงุดุฑ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุงุช ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุงู„
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:48,790 --> 00:07:55,100
415
+ lattice parameters ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ Aูˆ ุงู„ B ูˆ ุงู„ C ูˆ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:55,100 --> 00:07:59,420
419
+ Alpha ูˆ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ Beta ูˆ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ Gamma ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุญุงุทุท
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:59,420 --> 00:08:04,480
423
+ ู†ุธุงู… ุงุญุชุซูŠุงุช XYZ Right Hand System ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆููŠุช ุงู„ X
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:04,480 --> 00:08:16,260
427
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Y ูˆ ุชู‚ุทูŠู† ุงู„ Z ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ Table 17-2 ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:16,260 --> 00:08:21,520
431
+ ุนูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ cubic system ุงู„ cubic system ู…ู† ุงุณู…ู‡ cubic
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:32,480 --> 00:08:38,280
435
+ ุจู†ุณู…ู‡ cubic ุจูƒูˆู†ุชู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุญูˆุงู ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ a
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:38,280 --> 00:08:43,460
439
+ ุจูŠุณุชูˆู‰ b ุจูŠุณุชูˆู‰ c ูˆูƒู„ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ู‚ุงุฆู…ุฉ ุงู„ cubic
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:43,460 --> 00:08:48,020
443
+ system ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู†ู‡ ุชู„ุช ุชูุฑูŠุนุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:48,020 --> 00:08:53,540
447
+ ุงู„ FCC ูˆ ุงู„ BCC ูˆ ููŠ ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู„ุช ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ simple cubic
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:53,540 --> 00:08:57,840
451
+ simple cubic ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ุถุฑุฑ ู…ุงููŠุด ุจุณ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:57,840 --> 00:09:01,800
455
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ุถุฑุฑูƒ ูˆ ุฎู„ุงุตู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ cubic
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:01,800 --> 00:09:04,160
459
+ systemุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู… ุญูƒูŠุŸ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุณุจุนุฉุŒ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:04,160 --> 00:09:07,700
463
+ cubicุŒ ุนู†ุฏ hexagonalุŒ ุนู†ุฏ tetragonalุŒ ุนู†ุฏ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:07,700 --> 00:09:12,260
467
+ ุฑูˆู…ู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงู„ุŒ ุนู†ุฏ orthomic ุฃูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:12,260 --> 00:09:17,420
471
+ monoclinic ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง triclinicุŒ ุณุจุนุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:17,420 --> 00:09:26,960
475
+ hexagonal ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ูƒู„ ุฃุถู„ุนู‡ุง A ูˆุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน Cูˆ ููŠ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:26,960 --> 00:09:31,420
479
+ ุฒุงูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:31,420 --> 00:09:40,980
483
+ ููŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ 91 ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ 290 ูˆ ููŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ 120 ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:40,980 --> 00:09:44,560
487
+ tetragonal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุถู„ุนูŠู† ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠูŠู† ูˆ ุถู„ุน
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:44,560 --> 00:09:49,380
491
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ู…ุด ุจูŠุณูˆูŠ ู‡ู…ุด ุงูŠู‡ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุด
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:49,380 --> 00:09:53,740
495
+ C ูƒู„ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ 90 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cubic ุงู† ุถู„ุน
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:53,740 --> 00:10:00,960
499
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุฑูˆู…ู‡ูŠุฏุฑุงู„ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุถู„ุงุน
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:00,960 --> 00:10:07,160
503
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ A ุจุณุงูˆูŠ B ุจุณุงูˆูŠ C ุงู„ุขู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:07,160 --> 00:10:10,020
507
+ Alpha ุจุณุงูˆูŠุฉ Beta ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ Gamma ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ 90 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:10,020 --> 00:10:16,580
511
+ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจุณ ู…ุด 90 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:16,580 --> 00:10:22,660
515
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุงุฑุซู…ูˆุจูƒ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:24,660 --> 00:10:30,200
519
+ ุงู„ุฃู† ูƒู„ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุจุณ ุงู„ุฃุถู„ุงุน A ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุด B ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุด
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:30,200 --> 00:10:34,400
523
+ C ุงู„ุฃุถู„ุงุน ู…ุด ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:34,400 --> 00:10:39,300
527
+ Monoclinic ุงู„ุฃุถู„ุงุน ู…ุด ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ A ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุด B ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุด
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:39,300 --> 00:10:45,760
531
+ C ููŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุชูŠู† ุชุณุนูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู…ุด ุชุณุนูŠู† ู„ู„
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:45,760 --> 00:10:50,020
535
+ Triclinic ูƒู„ ุฃุถู„ุงุน ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ A ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุด B ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุด
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:50,020 --> 00:10:52,540
539
+ C ูˆ ูƒู„ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠุด ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ most
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:52,540 --> 00:10:53,340
543
+ general case
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:04,720 --> 00:11:09,320
547
+ ุทูŠุจ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ crystal structure ุฒูŠ ู†ุธุงู…
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:09,320 --> 00:11:13,620
551
+ ุงู„ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช ุงู„
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:13,620 --> 00:11:20,480
555
+ x, y, z ุฃู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุนุฑู ู†ู‚ุงุท ููŠ ุงู„ space ู…ุธู„ูˆุท ุฅุฐุง
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:20,480 --> 00:11:25,500
559
+ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุทู„ุน ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฃุนู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุนุฑู directions ุฎุทูˆุท ุจุฏูŠ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:25,500 --> 00:11:31,950
563
+ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฃุนู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุนุฑู ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช planes ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู„ู‰ุจุนุฑู ู…ุซู„ุง
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:31,950 --> 00:11:38,730
567
+ services ู…ุซู„ุง ุฎุฏู†ูŠ ุฃุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด ู†ู‚ุงุท directions ูˆ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:38,730 --> 00:11:46,130
571
+ planes ุงู„ุขู† ุทุจุนุง ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุธุงู… ุงู†ุฏุฑุงุฒูŠุงุช x y
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:46,130 --> 00:11:49,250
575
+ z right hand ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูˆูุช ุงู„ x ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ y ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:49,250 --> 00:11:55,030
579
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ z ูู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ P
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:56,900 --> 00:12:00,660
583
+ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุญุฏุซูŠุงุช ููŠู‡ุง ุญุฏุซูŠุฉ along ุงู„ X QA ูŠุนู†ูŠ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:00,660 --> 00:12:06,840
587
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ QA fraction ู…ู† ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ู‡ุฐุง fraction ู…ู† ุงู„ A
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:06,840 --> 00:12:14,900
591
+ ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ Y RB ุงู„ R ู‡ูŠ fraction ู…ู† ุงู„ุทูˆู„ B ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:14,900 --> 00:12:24,500
595
+ ุญูƒูŠุช ู†ุต ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู†ุต ุงู„ B ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ Z SC ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ S ู‡ูŠ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:24,500 --> 00:12:29,560
599
+ fraction ู…ู†ุงู„ู€ C ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃู†ุง ุจุนุฑู ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุทุจุนุง ุชุนุฑู
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:29,560 --> 00:12:36,500
603
+ ุชุซูŠูŠุช QRS Q RS ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุซูŠูŠุช ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:36,500 --> 00:12:40,660
607
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:40,660 --> 00:12:47,580
611
+ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ for the unit cell shown locate the point
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:47,580 --> 00:12:53,260
615
+ having coordinates ุฑุจุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู†ุต
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:13:32,280 --> 00:13:44,620
619
+ ู‡ูŠ X Y Z ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ู„ูŠู‡ ุฃุนุฑู ุฃูˆ ุฃุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:44,620 --> 00:13:54,720
623
+ ุงู„ุฃุญุฏุซูŠุชู‡ุง ุฑุจุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู†ุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:54,720 --> 00:13:58,660
627
+ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฑุจุน ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุต
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:14:01,520 --> 00:14:06,420
631
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฑุจุน ุตุญ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ุฑุจุน ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:14:06,420 --> 00:14:12,540
635
+ origin ู‡ุฐุง ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Y ู‡ู…ุดูŠุช
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:14:12,540 --> 00:14:19,000
639
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Y ุจุนุฏูŠู†
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:14:19,000 --> 00:14:26,180
643
+ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ู†ุต ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Z ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:14:26,180 --> 00:14:29,480
647
+ ุฑุจุน ูˆุงุญุฏ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:30,880 --> 00:14:34,880
651
+ ูˆ ู†ุต ุงุฐุง
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:34,880 --> 00:14:39,840
655
+ ุงู†ุง
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:39,840 --> 00:14:45,240
659
+ ุงุญุฏุฏู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุฑุจุน ุงู„ A ูˆ ู†ุต ุงู„ C
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:45,240 --> 00:14:56,020
663
+ ุงู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุฑุจุน ุงู„ A ูˆ one unit ู…ู† ุงู„ B ูˆ ู†ุต ุงู„ C ู„ุงู†
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:56,020 --> 00:15:02,550
667
+ ุง specifypoint coordinates for all atom positions
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:15:02,550 --> 00:15:13,030
671
+ ุงูˆ for a BCC unit cell ุนู†ุฏ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:15:13,030 --> 00:15:16,530
675
+ BCC unit cell
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:15:38,420 --> 00:15:44,800
679
+ ู‡ูŠ X ู‡ุงูŠ Y ู‡ุงูŠ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:15:44,800 --> 00:15:56,900
683
+ Z ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุนุฑู ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:15:56,900 --> 00:16:07,420
687
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:16:10,770 --> 00:16:19,870
691
+ ุณุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุฏู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ BCC ููŠ ุถุงุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุฑ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:16:19,870 --> 00:16:23,650
695
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุณุนุฉ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:16:23,650 --> 00:16:27,690
699
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ point ุงู„ coordinates
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:16:39,840 --> 00:16:50,980
703
+ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:16:50,980 --> 00:16:58,380
707
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:16:58,380 --> 00:17:06,820
711
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:17:07,010 --> 00:17:15,110
715
+ ุณูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณูุฑ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณูุฑ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:17:15,110 --> 00:17:20,310
719
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุณุชุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:17:20,310 --> 00:17:23,250
723
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:17:23,250 --> 00:17:23,270
727
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:17:23,270 --> 00:17:23,270
731
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:17:23,270 --> 00:17:23,270
735
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:17:23,270 --> 00:17:23,370
739
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:17:23,370 --> 00:17:24,930
743
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:17:24,930 --> 00:17:24,930
747
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:17:24,930 --> 00:17:25,610
751
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:17:25,610 --> 00:17:34,800
755
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุณูุฑ ุณูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:17:34,800 --> 00:17:56,540
759
+ ุณูุฑ ุณูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุณุนุฉ ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ู†ุต ุชู„ุช ุงู†ุตุงุต ุงุญู†ุง
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:17:56,540 --> 00:18:01,990
763
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนุฑู ุงู„ geometry ููŠ ุงู„ ..ููŠ ุงู„ 3D
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:18:01,990 --> 00:18:07,090
767
+ space ุจู„ุฒู…ู†ุง ุงู„ points lines ุงูˆ directions ุจุนุฏูŠู†
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:18:07,090 --> 00:18:11,410
771
+ planes ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ directions ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:18:11,410 --> 00:18:19,570
775
+ metals ู„ู…ุง ุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ุฃุญู…ุงู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ deformation ููŠ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:18:19,570 --> 00:18:23,890
779
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุช ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุชุฑุงุตุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:18:23,890 --> 00:18:29,880
783
+ ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุช ู…ุชุฑุงุตุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุงู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:18:29,880 --> 00:18:32,340
787
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ deformation ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ู‚ู„ูŠุฉ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:18:32,340 --> 00:18:36,300
791
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ู‚ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:18:36,300 --> 00:18:42,680
795
+ deformation ุฃุณู‡ู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:18:42,680 --> 00:18:47,020
799
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุทุฑุงุณุง ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุทุฑุงุณุง
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:18:47,020 --> 00:18:50,120
803
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุทุฑุงุณ ููŠู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุซุงูุฉ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:18:50,120 --> 00:18:55,060
807
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ููŠู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ููŠู‡ ุงูƒุชูŠุฑ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:18:55,060 --> 00:18:59,020
811
+ directions ุงู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุณุทุญูŠุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:18:59,020 --> 00:19:02,380
815
+ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุญุณูŠุช deformation ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:19:02,380 --> 00:19:07,780
819
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ ุงุนู„ู‰ ู…ุง ูŠู…ูƒู† ูˆููŠ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:19:07,780 --> 00:19:15,680
823
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต directional ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ููŠ ู…ุง
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:19:15,680 --> 00:19:18,820
827
+ ูŠุณู…ู‰ Miller indices are used to define directions
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:19:18,820 --> 00:19:24,350
831
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงุณู…ู‡ ู…ูŠู„ุฑุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ directions ููŠ ุงู„
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:19:24,350 --> 00:19:27,550
835
+ crystal structures ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ mathematics ุงูˆ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:19:27,550 --> 00:19:31,310
839
+ ููŠ ุงู„ calculus ูƒู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง vectors ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:19:31,310 --> 00:19:37,630
843
+ direction ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุดุŸ vector ุงู„ vector ุงูŠุด ุจูƒู„ู‡ุŸ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:19:37,630 --> 00:19:41,870
847
+ magnitude ูˆ direction ู…ุงุฌู†ุชูŠูˆุฏ ูˆ direction ูˆ sense
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:19:41,870 --> 00:19:46,810
851
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุตุญุŸ ุทูŠุจ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:19:48,470 --> 00:19:52,830
855
+ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนุดุงู† to define miller indices ุงูˆ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:19:52,830 --> 00:19:55,730
859
+ ู„ู„ุชุนุฑูŠู ุงู„ directions ููŠ ุงู„ crystal structures
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:19:55,730 --> 00:20:00,910
863
+ ุงูˆู„ุด ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ู†ุธุงู… ุงุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช right hand coordinate
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:20:00,910 --> 00:20:05,530
867
+ system ู‡ุฐุง ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุดุงู† ุงุนุฑู direction ุงูˆ vector
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:20:05,530 --> 00:20:10,770
871
+ ุจุงู„ุฒุฑุฏ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠู„ ุตุญ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:20:10,770 --> 00:20:18,200
875
+ ุจุงุนุฑู ุงู„ coordinates ู„ู„ุฑุฃุณ ูˆุงู„ coordinatesู„ุฃ ุฏุงูŠู„ุฉ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:20:18,200 --> 00:20:24,900
879
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุทุฑุญ ุงู„ุฏูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุฃุณ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ูƒุณูˆุฑ clear
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:20:24,900 --> 00:20:30,760
883
+ fraction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ู†ุต ุชู„ุช clear fraction ุจุนุฏูŠู†
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:20:30,760 --> 00:20:38,560
887
+ ุญุท ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ููŠ ุฅุด ุจูŠู† ู‚ุณูŠู† ู…ุฑุจุนุงุช ุจุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง a
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:20:38,560 --> 00:20:41,400
891
+ direction and its negative are not identical ูŠุนู†ูŠ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:20:41,400 --> 00:20:48,330
895
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุงa direction and it's
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:20:48,330 --> 00:20:51,470
899
+ multiple identical ุงุฐุง ุฃุถุฑุจ ุงู„ direction ูˆ ุฃุถุฑุจู‡
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:20:51,470 --> 00:20:58,590
903
+ ููŠ ุฎู…ุณ ุฃูˆ ุณุชุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุจุณ ู†ุดูˆู
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:20:58,590 --> 00:21:05,290
907
+ ู…ุซุงู„ determine the miller indices for the
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:21:05,290 --> 00:21:14,710
911
+ direction shown ุงู„ู„ูŠ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:21:14,710 --> 00:21:26,510
915
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ directionู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ direction ู‡ูˆ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:21:26,510 --> 00:21:34,670
919
+ ุงู† ุงู„ head ุงูŠุด ุญุฏุซูŠุฉ ุงู„ head ู†ุต
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:21:34,670 --> 00:21:50,120
923
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณูุฑ ู†ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุณูุฑุงู„ู€ tail ุตูุฑ ุตูุฑ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุงู„
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:21:50,120 --> 00:22:00,500
927
+ head minus ุงู„ tail ู†ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ุจุนุฏ ู† clear
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:22:00,500 --> 00:22:07,660
931
+ fractions ู…ุถุฑูˆู ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชูˆุง ู‚ุตูŠุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:22:07,660 --> 00:22:09,400
935
+ ูˆ ุตูุฑ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:22:12,360 --> 00:22:21,560
939
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุญุท ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ direction ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุงุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตูุฑ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:22:21,560 --> 00:22:32,640
943
+ draw
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:22:32,640 --> 00:22:38,220
947
+ a one one negative zero direction within a cubic
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:22:38,220 --> 00:22:46,770
951
+ unit cellุฃุฑุณู… ู„ู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุทุจุนุง
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:22:46,770 --> 00:22:53,070
955
+ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุจู†ุญุท ุดุญุทุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุตูุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ููŠ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:22:53,070 --> 00:23:01,030
959
+ ุงู„ X ูƒู… ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ X ูˆุงุญุฏ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:23:01,030 --> 00:23:04,750
963
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:23:04,750 --> 00:23:08,530
967
+ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ Y ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:23:18,110 --> 00:23:38,890
971
+ ูˆ ุตูุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ุงุต ูˆุตู„ุช ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ direction ู‡ุฐุง
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:23:38,890 --> 00:23:47,380
975
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุตูุฑุงู†ุช ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ุงู…ุชุฌุงู‡ ุชุจุฏุฃ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:23:47,380 --> 00:23:53,220
979
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ originุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ุช ุฑุงูŠุญ ุชุบู„ุจ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:23:53,220 --> 00:23:55,820
983
+ ุญุงู„ูƒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฃูŠ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุณ ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:23:55,820 --> 00:24:01,240
987
+ ู†ูุณูƒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ูŠุด ุชุชูƒู„ูƒุน ุนู„ูŠูƒ ุงู†ุช ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠู„ูƒ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:24:01,240 --> 00:24:09,540
991
+ ุณุงุฑูŠ ุงุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ุงู„ origin ููŠ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:24:09,540 --> 00:24:13,720
995
+ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ families of directions ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุชุฌู‡ุงุช
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:24:21,440 --> 00:24:24,780
999
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุตุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ ููŠ ูƒู„
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:24:24,780 --> 00:24:31,080
1003
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุจุณ ู…ุง identical directions ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:24:31,080 --> 00:24:33,520
1007
+ ู„ูˆ ู‚ุตุช ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:24:33,520 --> 00:24:37,020
1011
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุฎุงุตูŠุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุจุญูƒูŠ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:24:37,020 --> 00:24:41,640
1015
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ directions are identical ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ cubic
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:24:41,640 --> 00:24:48,080
1019
+ cells ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ cubic cells ูู‚ุทdirections in
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:24:48,080 --> 00:24:53,920
1023
+ cubic crystals having the same indices without
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:24:53,920 --> 00:24:59,280
1027
+ regard to order or sign are equivalent ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:24:59,280 --> 00:25:05,300
1031
+ cubic unit cells ูู‚ุท ุงู„ directions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:25:05,300 --> 00:25:14,020
1035
+ indices ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู†ูุณ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:25:14,020 --> 00:25:15,200
1039
+ ุงู„ุงุดูŠุงุก identical ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:25:20,320 --> 00:25:25,580
1043
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ูƒูŠุจูˆูƒุณูŠู†ุฒ ุงุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ direction ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:25:25,580 --> 00:25:34,300
1047
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ุซู„ ุจุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:25:34,300 --> 00:25:44,260
1051
+ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:25:44,260 --> 00:25:49,580
1055
+ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:25:51,220 --> 00:26:08,520
1059
+ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ุงูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:26:08,520 --> 00:26:15,580
1063
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:26:15,580 --> 00:26:20,540
1067
+ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:26:23,680 --> 00:26:32,020
1071
+ ุงุจุฏูƒ ุชุฌุฑุจ ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:26:32,020 --> 00:26:37,000
1075
+ ุณุงู„ุจ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:26:37,000 --> 00:26:41,300
1079
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:26:41,300 --> 00:26:42,880
1083
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:26:42,880 --> 00:26:44,560
1087
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:26:44,560 --> 00:26:46,620
1091
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:26:46,620 --> 00:26:47,040
1095
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:26:47,040 --> 00:26:47,040
1099
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:26:47,040 --> 00:26:47,040
1103
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:26:47,040 --> 00:26:48,390
1107
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุนู† ุงู„
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:26:48,390 --> 00:26:53,250
1111
+ indices ุนู† ุชุฑุชูŠุจู‡ู… ูˆุนู† ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุงุณู…ู‡ู…
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:26:53,250 --> 00:27:05,490
1115
+ family of directions ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ cubic unit cells ููŠ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:27:05,490 --> 00:27:14,160
1119
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ hcp ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ู†ุธุงู… ุงุญุชุซูŠุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู„
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:27:14,160 --> 00:27:19,740
1123
+ hcp ู„ู…ุง ุฃุฎุฏ ุฃุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ top view ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุณุฏุงุณูŠ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:27:19,740 --> 00:27:36,880
1127
+ ู„ูˆ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:27:36,880 --> 00:27:41,240
1131
+ ุจุฏุฃ ุฃุฎุฏ ู‡ูŠ x ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุญูƒูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ x ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ y ู…ุซู„ุง
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:27:44,010 --> 00:27:53,170
1135
+ YX ูˆุงู„ุฒุฏ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‚ุตูˆุฑ cosine ูˆ sine
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:27:53,170 --> 00:27:59,430
1139
+ ุงู„ุณุชูŠู† ู‡ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‚ุตูˆุฑ ูู‡ูˆ ู…ุชูู‚ ุน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠู‡ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:27:59,430 --> 00:28:05,190
1143
+ ู†ุธุงู… ุงุญุฏุซูŠุงุช ุซู„ุงุซูŠ ุงูˆ ุฑุจุงุนูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:28:05,190 --> 00:28:10,630
1147
+ ู…ุชุนู…ุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:28:10,630 --> 00:28:11,330
1151
+ A1
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:28:14,200 --> 00:28:23,660
1155
+ ูˆ ุงู„ a2 ูˆ ุงู„ a3 ูˆ ุงู„ z ุฃูˆ ุงู„ c ู…ุชุนู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุฒุฑุน
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:28:23,660 --> 00:28:32,760
1159
+ ุจูŠู† ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:28:32,760 --> 00:28:37,480
1163
+ redundancy ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ููŠ ุงูŠุด ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุจุณ ุงู†ุง ู…ุด ุน
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:28:37,480 --> 00:28:41,120
1167
+ ุงู„ crystal structure ุจุฏูŠุด ุงู†ุง ุจู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ุชุฌุงู‡ุชู‡ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:28:41,120 --> 00:28:46,900
1171
+ ูุจุฏูŠุด ุชุจูŠู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‚ุตูˆุฑูู‡ุฐุง ู…ุชูู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:28:46,900 --> 00:28:54,420
1175
+ HCP ูŠุง ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูƒุณุณ ุงูˆ four axis system ุงู„ุงู†
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:28:54,420 --> 00:29:01,180
1179
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ three axis system ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุฒ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:29:01,180 --> 00:29:07,140
1183
+ ุงู„ U prime ูˆ ุงู„ V prime ูˆ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:29:09,870 --> 00:29:17,270
1187
+ ุงู„ู€ U prime ูˆุงู„ู€ V prime ูˆุงู„ู€ W prime ุงู„ู€
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:29:17,270 --> 00:29:20,410
1191
+ U prime along ุงู„ู€ A1 ูˆุงู„ู€ V prime along ุงู„ู€ A2
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:29:20,410 --> 00:29:31,370
1195
+ ูˆุงู„ู€ U prime along ุงู„ู€ Z ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู† ู‡ู†ุง A1 A2 ูˆ A3
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:29:31,370 --> 00:29:37,930
1199
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุธุงู… ุซู„ุงุซูŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฑุจุงุนูŠ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุฑู…ูˆุฒ U ูˆ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:29:37,930 --> 00:29:50,350
1203
+ Vูˆ T ูˆ W ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูƒูˆู† along ุงู„ A ูˆุงุญุฏ along ุงู„ A ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:29:50,350 --> 00:29:57,010
1207
+ along ุงู„ A ุชู„ุงุชุฉ along ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ุงู„ A ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:29:57,010 --> 00:30:02,190
1211
+ ุงู„ Z along
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:30:02,190 --> 00:30:08,470
1215
+ ุงู„ Cุทุจุนุง ููŠ conversion ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠ ู„ู„ุฑุจุนูŠ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:30:08,470 --> 00:30:12,450
1219
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ U ุจูŠุณูˆุง ุชู„ุช ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† U prime minus V
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:30:12,450 --> 00:30:15,570
1223
+ prime ูˆ ุงู„ V ุชู„ุช ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† V prime minus U prime ูˆ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:30:15,570 --> 00:30:21,030
1227
+ ุงู„ T ุจูŠุณูˆุง minus U plus V vector wise ู„ุฅู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‡ุงูŠ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:30:21,030 --> 00:30:23,590
1231
+ ุงู„ A ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ A ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ A ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:30:23,590 --> 00:30:29,750
1235
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ู… ุตุญุŸ vector ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ุญุตู„ุชู‡ู… ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:30:29,750 --> 00:30:34,990
1239
+ ุชุดูˆู A three ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนูƒุณู‡ุงุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนูŠุงุด ุงู„ T ุงู„ T
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:30:34,990 --> 00:30:42,250
1243
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† minus U plus Z ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:30:42,250 --> 00:30:48,030
1247
+ ู†ุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงุฏุซ ุงู„ directions ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ ..
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:30:48,030 --> 00:30:49,550
1251
+ ุฎู„ู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ุง ุดุญู„ ุฏู‡
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:31:06,980 --> 00:31:09,860
1255
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ HCP ุนู†ุฏู‰ unit cell
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:32:29,740 --> 00:32:40,320
1259
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ A1 ูˆ ุงู„ A2 ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ A1 ูˆู‡ูŠ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:32:40,320 --> 00:32:44,080
1263
+ ุงู„ A2 ูˆ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:32:44,080 --> 00:32:49,200
1267
+ ุงู„ C ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ C ุตุญุŸ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:32:49,200 --> 00:32:54,540
1271
+ ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ vector ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ origin
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:33:00,430 --> 00:33:17,790
1275
+ ุฌุงูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ origin ู„ุญุฏ ู…ู†ุชุตู ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุฐุง
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:33:17,790 --> 00:33:23,470
1279
+ ุงู„ vector ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ุงุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ top view ุงุทู„ุนู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:33:23,470 --> 00:33:25,590
1283
+ top view ู‡ูŠุจูŠู† ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:33:53,870 --> 00:34:01,910
1287
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:34:01,910 --> 00:34:12,250
1291
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ a ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆ ุงู„ vector ู‡ุฏุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ vector
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:34:12,250 --> 00:34:21,610
1295
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ to view ู‡ุงูŠ ุฃุณู‚ุงุทู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:34:21,610 --> 00:34:22,950
1299
+ ุงู„ projection ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:34:28,000 --> 00:34:36,960
1303
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงู…ุดูŠ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:34:36,960 --> 00:34:41,500
1307
+ ุงู„ a ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ุงุตู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ T ู„ู„head
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:34:58,890 --> 00:35:06,430
1311
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู…ุดูŠุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ A1 ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ A1 ุงู„
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:35:06,430 --> 00:35:11,530
1315
+ A1 ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:35:11,530 --> 00:35:18,050
1319
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู…ุดูŠ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ A1 ุฃู…ุดูŠ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:35:18,050 --> 00:35:22,270
1323
+ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:35:22,270 --> 00:35:23,310
1327
+ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุฃู…ุดูŠ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:35:26,400 --> 00:35:28,780
1331
+ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ negative ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู…ุดูŠ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ negative
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:35:28,780 --> 00:35:36,080
1335
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงุทู„ุน ุจุงู„ C ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุดูŠ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:35:36,080 --> 00:35:44,280
1339
+ ุงู„ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ a ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ a ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ C
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:35:44,280 --> 00:35:55,580
1343
+ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู†ุต
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:35:58,820 --> 00:36:07,320
1347
+ ุณูุฑ ูˆ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู†ุต ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชู…ุซู„ U prime ูˆ V
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:36:07,320 --> 00:36:15,820
1351
+ prime ูˆ W prime ุทุจุนุง clear fraction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:36:15,820 --> 00:36:18,260
1355
+ clear fraction ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ vector ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงูˆ ุงู„
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:36:18,260 --> 00:36:27,260
1359
+ direction ุงู„ูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณูุฑ ูˆ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู†ุต
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:36:31,440 --> 00:36:37,300
1363
+ ุงู„ู€ clear fraction ุณุงูุฑ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:36:37,300 --> 00:36:47,580
1367
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:36:47,580 --> 00:36:56,550
1371
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุงุตู„ุชู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ U primeูˆู‡ุง ุฏูŠ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:36:56,550 --> 00:37:06,990
1375
+ ุงูŠุด V prime ูˆู‡ุง ุฏูŠ W prime ู„ุงู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุญุณุจ ุงู„ U ุชู„ุช
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:37:06,990 --> 00:37:10,190
1379
+ ููŠ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:37:10,190 --> 00:37:20,750
1383
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† U prime minus V prime ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู„ุช ุตูุฑ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:37:23,350 --> 00:37:34,490
1387
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุงูŠุด ุชู„ุชูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ V ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุชู„ุช
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:37:34,490 --> 00:37:46,670
1391
+ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† V prime minus U prime ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุชู„ุช ููŠ ุณุงู„ุจ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:37:46,670 --> 00:37:55,860
1395
+ ุงุฑุจุน minus Zero ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุฑุจุนุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ W
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:37:55,860 --> 00:38:11,600
1399
+ ุณูˆู‰ W prime ุณูˆู‰ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ T ุณูˆู‰ minus U ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:38:11,600 --> 00:38:21,460
1403
+ V ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณูˆู‰ minus ุงู„ U ุชู„ุชูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ V ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:38:21,460 --> 00:38:34,680
1407
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุชู„ุชูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุฏูŠ ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:38:34,680 --> 00:38:38,080
1411
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:38:38,080 --> 00:38:46,480
1415
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ D ุจุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠ ุตูุฑ ู†ูŠู† ุณุงู„ุจ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:38:46,480 --> 00:38:52,520
1419
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุงู„ D ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:38:57,780 --> 00:39:03,440
1423
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุชู„ุชูŠู† ูˆ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:39:03,440 --> 00:39:09,200
1427
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุฃ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:39:09,200 --> 00:39:17,200
1431
+ ูˆ T ูˆ ุชู„ุชูŠู† ุจุนุฏูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ clear ุงู„ fraction ุงู†ุธุฑูˆุง ููŠ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:39:17,200 --> 00:39:23,520
1435
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:39:23,520 --> 00:39:33,340
1439
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ D ุงุฑุจุนุฉู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฑุจุน ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:39:33,340 --> 00:39:42,320
1443
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุธุงู… ู…ุชูู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู†ุธุงู… ู…ุชูู‚ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ู„ุงู† ููŠ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:39:42,320 --> 00:39:45,800
1447
+ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู†ุง ุจุชุนุงู…ู„ ุจุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ุจุชุนุงู…ู„ุด
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:39:45,800 --> 00:39:49,640
1451
+ ุจุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ู…ุฑุงูƒุฒ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:39:49,640 --> 00:39:55,380
1455
+ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑุงุช ู…ุงุฌูŠุด ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู…ุฑ ุจูŠู† ุถุฑุฑุงุช ู…ุฎุชุฑู‚ุงุด
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:40:01,360 --> 00:40:07,160
1459
+ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ convert one one one direction
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:40:07,160 --> 00:40:11,240
1463
+ into four index system ู‡ู… ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ direction
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:40:11,240 --> 00:40:22,020
1467
+ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:40:22,020 --> 00:40:30,000
1471
+ ุงู„ direction ุจุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:40:30,000 --> 00:40:43,610
1475
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงูŠู‡ุŸU' ูˆู‡ุฐุง V' ูˆู‡ุฐุง W' ูŠุนู†ูŠ U ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุซู„ุซ ููŠ
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:40:43,610 --> 00:40:51,870
1479
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† U' minus V' ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุซู„ุซ ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู†ุงู‚ุต
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:40:51,870 --> 00:41:04,170
1483
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุซู„ุซ ูˆุงู„ V ุณุชูƒูˆู† ุซู„ุซุชู„ุช ุชู„ุช
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:41:04,170 --> 00:41:10,830
1487
+ ุชู„ุช
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:41:10,830 --> 00:41:17,650
1491
+ ุชู„ุช ุชู„ุช ุชู„ุช
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:41:17,650 --> 00:41:23,390
1495
+ ุชู„ุช
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:41:24,860 --> 00:41:32,540
1499
+ ูˆ ุชู„ุช ูˆ ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู„ุชูŠู† ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ clear fraction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:41:32,540 --> 00:41:45,760
1503
+ D4 ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุชุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:41:45,760 --> 00:41:57,110
1507
+ ุงู„ draw ุงู„ drawa one one one direction with hcp
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:41:57,110 --> 00:42:10,150
1511
+ cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:42:10,150 --> 00:42:15,670
1515
+ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:42:15,670 --> 00:42:20,430
1519
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:42:22,860 --> 00:42:28,600
1523
+ ุงู†ุง ู…ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุดูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ุงู†ูŠ ู†ุนู… ุชู…ุดูŠ ุนู†
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:42:28,600 --> 00:42:34,880
1527
+ ุงู„ู„ุงู†ูŠ ู†ุนู… ุงู†ุง ู…ูˆุงุตู ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ..
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:42:34,880 --> 00:42:46,860
1531
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุง
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:42:46,860 --> 00:42:59,260
1535
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุงู†ุง ุนุงุฑู ุฒุฏ ู„ุจุฑุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:42:59,260 --> 00:43:05,020
1539
+ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ a ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:43:05,020 --> 00:43:13,900
1543
+ ู…ูˆุงุฒู‚ ู„ู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุจุทู„ ุนู„ู‰ ููˆู‚ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:43:13,900 --> 00:43:20,690
1547
+ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ A ูˆ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุญุฏ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู…ุดูŠุช ููŠ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:43:20,690 --> 00:43:26,310
1551
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ A ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงุทู„ุนุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:43:26,310 --> 00:43:32,170
1555
+ direction ูˆุงุถุญุŸ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:43:32,170 --> 00:43:36,190
1559
+ ุงูƒู„ ูƒูˆู„ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุงุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ
1560
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbBCceOozNtoSQCtYlAhMQo/LtDaocscmOs.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2519 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:05,080 --> 00:00:08,000
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,780
7
+ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ุŒ ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุขู†
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:13,780 --> 00:00:17,840
11
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุทุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:17,840 --> 00:00:21,930
15
+ crystal structures ุงู„ู€ solid materials ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:21,930 --> 00:00:26,110
19
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุถูŠุฉ ุดูู†ุง ูƒูŠู to define directions to define
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:26,110 --> 00:00:29,830
23
+ planes ุนุฑูู†ุง
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:29,830 --> 00:00:34,930
27
+ ุงู„ู€ linear density ูˆ ุงู„ู€ planar density ุทุจุนู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:34,930 --> 00:00:41,830
31
+ cubic cells ูˆ ุงู„ู€ hcp unit cells ุญู„ู„ู†ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:41,830 --> 00:00:49,710
35
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ planes ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:49,710 --> 00:00:57,080
39
+ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ planar density ุญุณุจู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† example ู„ุญุฏ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:57,080 --> 00:01:01,220
43
+ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ linear density ูˆ ุงู„ู€ planar
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:01,220 --> 00:01:05,740
47
+ density ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุนุชุจุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:05,740 --> 00:01:10,660
51
+ slip ู„ู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฐุฑูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ mechanical
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:10,660 --> 00:01:14,620
55
+ deformation ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€ loading ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:14,620 --> 00:01:20,870
59
+ axial ูˆุงู„ุง torsion ูˆ ู„ุง bending ูˆ ู„ุง ุฃูŠ combination
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:20,870 --> 00:01:24,050
63
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฐุฑูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠู† ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:24,050 --> 00:01:28,750
67
+ ุงู„ุฐูŽุฑูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠู† ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:28,750 --> 00:01:32,630
71
+ ุงู„ุฐูŽุฑูŠุฉ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูƒุซุงูุฉ ููŠ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:32,630 --> 00:01:36,930
75
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูƒุซุงูุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:36,930 --> 00:01:42,790
79
+ ุงู„ู€ slip ุฃุณู‡ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ most dense planes along
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:42,790 --> 00:01:47,880
83
+ the most dense directions ูุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ slip ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:47,880 --> 00:01:50,840
87
+ ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุนุฑู‘ูŠู ุงู„ู€ linear density ูˆ ุงู„ู€
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:50,840 --> 00:01:53,720
91
+ planar density ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุทุจูŠุนุฉ ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ slip
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:53,720 --> 00:01:59,180
95
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฐุฑูŠ ููŠ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:59,180 --> 00:02:02,420
99
+ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ closed packed planes and directions ูุงุญู†ุง
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:02,420 --> 00:02:08,300
103
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุฃู†ุฏูŠ hcp unit cell ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:08,300 --> 00:02:13,080
107
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠุฉ ุตุญ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ .. ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠู‡ ููŠ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:13,080 --> 00:02:17,490
111
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆููŠ ูƒุงู† ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:17,490 --> 00:02:26,690
115
+ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุฐุฑุฉ ุจูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซ ุฐุฑุงุช ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูุท ูƒู…ุงู† ุซู„ุงุซ ุฐุฑุงุช
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:26,690 --> 00:02:31,090
119
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฐุฑุฉ ุฐุฑุฉ ูุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:31,090 --> 00:02:36,970
123
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ู„ู„ู€ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ู€ a ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู€ a ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:36,970 --> 00:02:43,490
127
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† zero zero zero ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ู€ zero ูŠุนู†ูŠ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:43,490 --> 00:02:47,820
131
+ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฏูŠ ู‡ุชุฌูŠุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ C ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:47,820 --> 00:02:52,680
135
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช 002
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:52,680 --> 00:02:57,240
139
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุตููŠุทุฉ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุตููŠุทุฉ ุงู„ู€
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:57,240 --> 00:03:04,180
143
+ standard ุฃูˆ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† A B A ุจู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช A B
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:04,180 --> 00:03:10,180
147
+ A B A B A B ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ closed
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:10,180 --> 00:03:15,700
151
+ -packed stacking ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุตููŠุท A B A B A B ูˆูƒุฐุง
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:15,700 --> 00:03:21,540
155
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูุฑุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ 100% ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:21,540 --> 00:03:28,380
159
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ B ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ูˆุงู‚ุนุฉ fit ููŠ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:28,380 --> 00:03:31,940
163
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุงู‚ุน ุจูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซ ุฐุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€ valley ูŠุนู†ูŠ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:31,940 --> 00:03:37,200
167
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐูŠ ู‡ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฌุงูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู ุจูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:43,900
171
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซ ุฐุฑุงุช ูู‡ูŠ ูุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุชุบุทูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:43,900 --> 00:03:50,720
175
+ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู† ุฅูŠู‡ ูˆุฅูŠู‡ ุจูŠู† ุฅูŠู‡ ูˆุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ู€ center
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:50,720 --> 00:03:57,270
179
+ atom ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุฃูŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจุณุช ุฐุฑุงุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:57,270 --> 00:04:00,350
183
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจุณุช ุฐุฑุงุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:00,350 --> 00:04:05,310
187
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆููŠ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฐุฑุงุช ุชุญุชู‡ุง ูˆุซู„ุงุซ ุฐุฑุงุช ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:05,310 --> 00:04:10,270
191
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฌู‡ุงุช ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ุฐุฑุฉ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:10,270 --> 00:04:16,340
195
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ coordination number ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠุด ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ู†ูุณ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:16,340 --> 00:04:20,060
199
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ FCC ุจุณ ุงู„ู€ FCC ุงู„ู€ planes ุจุชูƒูˆู†
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:20,060 --> 00:04:24,220
203
+ closed packs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ .. ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:24,220 --> 00:04:30,480
207
+ ุงู„ู€ 111 ู‡ูŠ ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ 111 ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:30,480 --> 00:04:42,700
211
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุนู†ุฏ B ู‡ูˆ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง A C B A C B ุฃูˆ B
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:42,700 --> 00:04:48,000
215
+ A C B A C B A C ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุซู„ุงุซ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุจุชุฑุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:53,480
219
+ ุณู„ุท ูˆุฑูƒ 3D ุจุชุญุท ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ูˆุฐุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ face
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:53,480 --> 00:04:58,100
223
+ ูˆุชุนู…ู„ูˆุง section ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ 111
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:58,100 --> 00:05:02,680
227
+ ู‡ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุธุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุธุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:02,680 --> 00:05:11,060
231
+ closed big planes ููŠ ุงู„ู€ FCC unit cells ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:11,060 --> 00:05:18,280
235
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ plane B fit ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู ููŠ ุงู„ู€ plane A ู‡ูŠ B
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:20,930 --> 00:05:30,310
239
+ B ูˆู‡ูŠ A ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ B ู‡ุงูŠ B ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ B ุฌุงูŠ ุจูŠู† A ูˆ C
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:30,310 --> 00:05:36,970
243
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ B A C ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ B ุฌุงูŠ ุจูŠู† C ูˆ A
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:40,720 --> 00:05:46,340
247
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุฌู…ู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ ูˆุงุญุฏ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:46,340 --> 00:05:49,700
251
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจู€ 12 ุฐุฑุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุทุจุนู‹ุง
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:49,700 --> 00:05:53,020
255
+ ุนุดุงู† ุชุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุฑุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง ุฃู† ูƒู„ ุฐุฑุฉ ู…ุญุงุทุฉ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:53,020 --> 00:05:57,800
259
+ ุจู€ 12 ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ุขู†
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:57,800 --> 00:06:01,160
263
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ single crystal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:01,160 --> 00:06:04,540
267
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุดูˆู ูƒุชู„ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุตูุทุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู„ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุชุนุทูŠ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:04,540 --> 00:06:10,200
271
+ ู†ูุณูƒ ุชุตููŠุทุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู…ุงุณ ูŠู‚ุงุณ ุจุญุฌู…
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:10,200 --> 00:06:15,080
275
+ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุงุดู€ .. ุงู„ู…ุงุณุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุจุฑุช ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:15,080 --> 00:06:19,640
279
+ ุซู…ู†ู‡ุง ุฃุบู„ู‰ ู„ุณุจุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ูˆุนุดุงู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:19,640 --> 00:06:25,600
283
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ูˆุฒู†ู‡ ุจุณ ุจูŠุญุณุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุนุฑ ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† single
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:25,600 --> 00:06:29,740
287
+ crystal ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ุช single crystal ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:29,740 --> 00:06:34,310
291
+ ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุชุชุนู„ู‚ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:34,310 --> 00:06:39,810
295
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ different linear densities ููŠ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:39,810 --> 00:06:43,910
299
+ different directions ููุนู„ูŠู‹ุง ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ููŠ ุงู„ู€ single
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:43,910 --> 00:06:48,190
303
+ crystal ุงู„ู€ materials ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุชุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:48,190 --> 00:06:53,170
307
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฌุฑุจ ูˆุญูƒุงูŠุฉ single crystal
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:57,100 --> 00:07:03,400
311
+ ุฌูŠุจูˆุง ู…ุงุกุŒ ู…ุงุก ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุง ููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู„ุญุŒ ู…ุงุก ู…ู‚ุทุฑุฉ ูˆ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:03,400 --> 00:07:07,640
315
+ ุญุทูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ freezer ุฎู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€ freezer ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุด ุงู„ู€
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:07,640 --> 00:07:12,320
319
+ freezer ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ุงู‚ุต ุณุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุฎู„ูˆู‡ ู†ุงู‚ุต
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:12,320 --> 00:07:18,270
323
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชู†ุฒู„ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู†ุงู‚ุต ุณุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ุง
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:18,270 --> 00:07:23,630
327
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุฏ ูˆุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:23,630 --> 00:07:28,630
331
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู‡ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ูƒุชู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซู„ุฌ ู…ุนุชู…ุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:28,630 --> 00:07:32,410
335
+ ุจูŠุถุงุก ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ู…ุนุชู…ุฉ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู‡ุง ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ุชูƒูˆู†
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:32,410 --> 00:07:35,690
339
+ ุงู„ู€ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุจู„ูˆุฑ ุจุชุฃุฎุฐ ุฑุงุญุชู‡ุง ุจุชุฃุฎุฐ ูˆู‚ุชู‡ุง
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:35,690 --> 00:07:39,790
343
+ ุชุตูุท ุงู„ุตูŠุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุฌุฑุจูˆู‡ุง ุญุทูˆุง ุชุธุจุท ุงู„ู€ freezer
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:39,790 --> 00:07:44,090
347
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู†ุงู‚ุต ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุทู„ุน ุฒูŠ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:44,090 --> 00:07:49,350
351
+ crystal ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู†ู‚ุงุก ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง ุทุจุนู‹ุง
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:49,350 --> 00:07:51,710
355
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ crystal ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุงุก ุดูุงูุฉ .. ุงู„ุซู„ุฌ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:51,710 --> 00:07:57,050
359
+ ุดูุงูุฉ ูุญุท ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุชู…ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง .. ุจุชูƒูˆู†
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:57,050 --> 00:07:58,730
363
+ ู…ุนุชู…ุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:02,670 --> 00:08:05,870
367
+ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ crystaline ..
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:05,870 --> 00:08:07,950
371
+ polycrystalline ุงู„ู€ material ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:07,950 --> 00:08:10,150
375
+ polycrystalline ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ polycrystalline
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:10,150 --> 00:08:15,530
379
+ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ู‡ุฐุง polycrystalline ู…ุง ุฒุงู„
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:15,530 --> 00:08:19,090
383
+ poly ุจู†ุนุทูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ู‰ polycrystallineุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:19,090 --> 00:08:22,370
387
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงุชุดูƒู„ ุตูุฉ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:22,370 --> 00:08:26,410
391
+ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฌุงู†ุจู‡ุง ุงุชุตูุชู‡ุง ุชุตููŠุชู‡ ุงุฎุชู„ู
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:26,410 --> 00:08:31,590
395
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุชู‡ุง ุฌุงู†ุจู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุงุชุตูุชู‡ุง ุชุตููŠุชู‡ ู†ูุณ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:31,590 --> 00:08:37,030
399
+ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ุจุณ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุดูƒู„ ุฃูˆ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:37,030 --> 00:08:41,090
403
+ ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ู€ orientation ู…ู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ grain ู„ู€
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:41,090 --> 00:08:44,390
407
+ grain ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠู†
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:44,390 --> 00:08:46,450
411
+ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ grain
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:50,380 --> 00:08:54,220
415
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ู…ุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุฏุŒ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:54,220 --> 00:08:58,780
419
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ุฉุŒ ู…ุนุฏู†ุŒ ุณุจุช ูŠุจุฑุฏุŒ ู‡ุชุจุฏุฃ ุนู†ุฏ ุจู‚ุฑุฉ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:58,780 --> 00:09:02,180
423
+ ุชุฌู…ุฏุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุญูƒูŠ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุฏุฃุช ู‡ู†ุง ุจู‚ุฑุฉ .. ุทุจุนู‹ุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:02,180 --> 00:09:04,920
427
+ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃุด ุจู‚ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ุจุณ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชุชุฌู…ุฏุŒ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃุด
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:04,920 --> 00:09:08,600
431
+ ุจุจู‚ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจู‚ุฑุฉ ุชุฌู…ุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:08,600 --> 00:09:12,800
435
+ ุงุซู†ุชูŠู†ุŒ ุซู„ุงุซุŒ ุฃุฑุจุนุŒ ุฎู…ุณุŒ ุณุชุŒ ุณุจุนุŒ ู‡ู„ ุฃู†ุง ุจุถู…ู†
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:12,800 --> 00:09:17,460
439
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ orientation ู„ู„ุจู‚ุฑ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ุชุณูƒู†ุŸ ู„ุงุŒ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:17,460 --> 00:09:21,550
443
+ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ orientation ุชูˆุฌูŠู‡ู‡ุง
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:21,550 --> 00:09:25,590
447
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุชูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆุชุจุฏุฃ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:25,590 --> 00:09:30,190
451
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ุชุฏุฑูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู‚ุฑุฉ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:30,190 --> 00:09:33,410
455
+ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุตููŠุชู‡
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:33,410 --> 00:09:38,130
459
+ ุจุงู„ุฒูŠุฏ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุตููŠุชู‡
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:38,130 --> 00:09:41,470
463
+ ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ ุณุงุฏุณุฉ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:41,470 --> 00:09:48,650
467
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุฏ ูˆุงู„ุชุตููŠุชู‡ ุจุงู„ุฒูŠุฏ ู„ุญุฏ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:48,650 --> 00:09:52,810
471
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู† ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู† ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:52,810 --> 00:10:01,850
475
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู‡ู†ุตู„ ู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ู†ุตู„ ู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ู†ุง
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:01,850 --> 00:10:05,730
479
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ุชุตููŠุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง grain
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:07,450 --> 00:10:10,250
483
+ ุงู„ุชุตููŠูุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุณู…ู‡ุง grain ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:10,250 --> 00:10:15,110
487
+ ุงู„ุชุตููŠูุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุฎุชู„ู ููŠู‡ุง grain ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:15,110 --> 00:10:18,530
491
+ ุงู„ุชุตููŠูุฉ ุงุฎุชู„ู ููŠ grain ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุจูŠู† grain
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:18,530 --> 00:10:21,550
495
+ ูˆ grain .. ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ููŠ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:21,550 --> 00:10:26,390
499
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ู€ grain boundaries ุญุฏูˆุฏ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:26,390 --> 00:10:31,510
503
+ ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุจูŠุจุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุจูŠุจุฉ ุญุจูŠุจุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:31,510 --> 00:10:34,450
507
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ุฃุดูˆู ุดูŠุก ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:34,450 --> 00:10:39,670
511
+ ุงู„ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ grain boundaries ู‡ุฐู‡ grain
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:39,670 --> 00:10:42,890
515
+ with specific orientation ู‡ุฐู‡ grain ุจู€ orientation
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:42,890 --> 00:10:47,250
519
+ ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ grain ุจู€ orientation ุซุงู„ุซ ุฑูˆุชูŠุดู† ุฑุงุจุน ุฎุงู…ุณ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:47,250 --> 00:10:53,100
523
+ ุณุงุฏุณ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุนุดุงู† ูƒุฐุง ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ grain ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:53,100 --> 00:10:58,160
527
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† BCC ู…ุง ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ BCC ูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠ BCC ูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:58,160 --> 00:11:03,140
531
+ BCC ุจุณ ุจุฏุฃุช ุชุตููŠุช ุจุฏุฃุช ุจุงุชุฌ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู‡ ู…ุนูŠู† ุจุชุตูุท ุจุณ ุชุตููŠุชู‡
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:03,140 --> 00:11:08,800
535
+ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ BCC ุฃูˆ FCC
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:08,800 --> 00:11:10,080
539
+ ุฃูˆ HCP
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:18,690 --> 00:11:23,310
543
+ ููŠ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณุฉ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณุฉ ุงู„ุขู†
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:23,310 --> 00:11:28,770
547
+ ุฃูŠุฒูˆุชุฑูˆุจูŠูƒ ู…ู€ุงุชูŠุฑูŠุงู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:28,770 --> 00:11:34,310
551
+ direction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู… ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ู†ุจุณุท ุงู„ุดูŠุก
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:34,310 --> 00:11:41,310
555
+ ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุฃู„ูŠุงู ุบูŠุฑ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนุฑุถ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:41,310 --> 00:11:45,750
559
+ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู„ูŠุงู ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ material is
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:45,750 --> 00:11:49,210
563
+ anisotropic ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุฃู„ูŠุงู ุนู†ู‡ุง
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:49,210 --> 00:11:53,910
567
+ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนุฑุถ ุงู„ isotropic material ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจุชูƒูˆู†
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:53,910 --> 00:11:57,330
571
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูุฑู‚ isotropic
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:57,330 --> 00:12:01,210
575
+ material ู„ุฃู† ู†ุญุงุณ isotropic material ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ู„ุฃ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:01,210 --> 00:12:05,750
579
+ anisotropic material most
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:05,750 --> 00:12:08,290
583
+ polycrystalline materials will exhibit isotropic
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:08,290 --> 00:12:14,140
587
+ properties ูุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ table ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฑุฏูŠู† ุงู„
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:14,140 --> 00:12:18,160
591
+ modulus of elasticity ู„ู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ูˆุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ูˆุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:18,160 --> 00:12:22,620
595
+ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุฌุณุชู† ููŠ ุชู„ุงุช ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ 1 0
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:22,620 --> 00:12:27,320
599
+ 0 direction ูˆ ุงู„ 1 1 0 ูˆ ุงู„ 1 1 1 ู‡ุฏูู‡ุง for singly
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:27,320 --> 00:12:31,360
603
+ crystal ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุฏูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:36,230 --> 00:12:40,730
607
+ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ 100ุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู† ู…ูˆู„ ุณุจุนุฉุŒ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ 110ุŒ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:40,730 --> 00:12:44,870
611
+ ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุณุจุนูŠู†ุŒ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ 111ุŒ ุณุชุฉ ูˆุณุจุนูŠู†ุŒ ุฎุฏ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:44,870 --> 00:12:49,070
615
+ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณุŒ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:49,070 --> 00:12:53,170
619
+ ูˆุชุณุนูŠู†ุŒ ุงุฎุชู„ู ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุตุŒ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:53,170 --> 00:12:56,850
623
+ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†ุŒ ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†ุŒ ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุณุจุนูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุชู†ุฌุณุชู†
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:56,850 --> 00:13:01,400
627
+ very hard ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ุฏุฉ ุชู„ุงุช ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ู…ุง ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:01,400 --> 00:13:06,480
631
+ ูุงู†ู‘ู‡ ู„ู„ุชู†ุฌุณุชู† ู„ุฃ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:06,480 --> 00:13:10,620
635
+ ู„ุฃ ู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† single crystal ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:10,620 --> 00:13:13,760
639
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† single .. ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุจูŠุจุงุช ูู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:13,760 --> 00:13:19,360
643
+ polycrystalline ุงู„ material ู…ุชุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจุงุช ูุจุงู„ู…ุฌู…ู„
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:19,360 --> 00:13:24,020
647
+ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจุฉ ู…ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:24,020 --> 00:13:27,180
651
+ 00 ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ูุจู„ุบูˆุง ุจุนุถ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:27,180 --> 00:13:36,160
655
+ ูุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุท ู…ุง ุชุทู„ู‚ุด isotropic ุงู„ู„ูŠ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:36,160 --> 00:13:39,780
659
+ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ X-ray diffraction ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ X-ray
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:39,780 --> 00:13:43,880
663
+ diffraction ุชู‚ู†ูŠุฉ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:43,880 --> 00:13:44,640
667
+ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:47,210 --> 00:13:51,030
671
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ X-rayุŸ ุงู„ X-ray ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† electromagnetic
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:51,030 --> 00:13:55,730
675
+ radiation
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:55,730 --> 00:14:00,110
679
+ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูŠ ุจุชุงุนู‡ ุจูŠุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑ ุฃู†ุฌุณุชุฑูˆู… ู„ู…ูŠุฉ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:00,110 --> 00:14:05,110
683
+ ุฃู†ุฌุณุชุฑูˆู…ุŒ ุงู„ุนุดุฑ ุฃู†ุฌุณุชุฑูˆู… ู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุฃู†ุฌุณุชุฑูˆู… ู‡ุฐุง ุดุจูŠู‡
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:05,110 --> 00:14:09,090
687
+ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุงุช ุจูŠู† ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฐุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:13,640 --> 00:14:18,740
691
+ ุงู„ X-ray diffraction ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:18,740 --> 00:14:26,160
695
+ phases ู„ู„ material ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ phases ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:26,160 --> 00:14:30,120
699
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ material ุจุชุฎุชู„ู
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:30,120 --> 00:14:33,290
703
+ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ููŠ ุงู„ processing ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุนู…ู„ processing ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:33,290 --> 00:14:36,910
707
+ ุฃูˆ processing ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูุฃู†ุง ู…ุญุชุงุฌ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:36,910 --> 00:14:40,610
711
+ ุฃุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ุงู„ micro structure ูุฃู†ุง ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ x-ray
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:40,610 --> 00:14:44,010
715
+ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ .. ุฃุนู…ู„ micro structure examination
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:44,010 --> 00:14:47,990
719
+ ุจุฑุถู‡
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:47,990 --> 00:14:50,530
723
+ ุงู„ x-ray diffraction ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญุฏูŠุฏ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:50,530 --> 00:14:55,570
727
+ ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:55,570 --> 00:14:58,830
731
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ุจุชุณุจุจ ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:58,830 --> 00:15:02,470
735
+ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ grain structure ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:02,470 --> 00:15:07,230
739
+ grain structure ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ grain ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:07,230 --> 00:15:13,950
743
+ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุชู‡ุง ูุฃู†ุง ูƒูŠู ู‡ุงุฑุณูŠ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ุฃุฏุงุก
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:13,950 --> 00:15:16,710
747
+ ุชุฌุฑูŠุจูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ x-ray diffraction ุนุดุงู† ุฃุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:16,710 --> 00:15:23,290
751
+ ุตุงุฑุช ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:23,290 --> 00:15:24,650
755
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:27,890 --> 00:15:31,930
759
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ X-ray diffraction ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:31,930 --> 00:15:36,570
763
+ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุฅุญู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ุงุฏุฉ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:36,570 --> 00:15:42,230
767
+ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงูƒุชุดูุช ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ BCC ูˆู„ุง FCC ูˆู„ุง
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:42,230 --> 00:15:46,730
771
+ simple cubic ูˆู„ุง HCP ูˆู„ุง triclinic ู .. ูุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:46,730 --> 00:15:51,410
775
+ X-ray diffraction ุนุดุงู† ุฃุนุฑู ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:51,410 --> 00:15:56,070
779
+ ุงู„ุขู†
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:56,070 --> 00:16:02,450
783
+ ุฃู†ุง ุฌุจุช ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠุฉ ุณู„ุทุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:02,450 --> 00:16:06,230
787
+ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุณู„ุทุช ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:06,230 --> 00:16:12,530
791
+ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠู† ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:12,530 --> 00:16:18,790
795
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุฃูˆ reflection reflection
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:18,790 --> 00:16:23,410
799
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุตุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุบูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ ุจุฐุฑุงุช
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:23,410 --> 00:16:30,840
803
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ุนูƒุงุณ reflection ูู‡ูŠ ุฃู…ุง ุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:30,840 --> 00:16:35,480
807
+ reflection ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ transmission ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุฑ ููŠ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:35,480 --> 00:16:38,860
811
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ ุงู„ X-ray ุฃู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุณู„ุท ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุตูˆุฑ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:38,860 --> 00:16:46,020
815
+ ุงู„ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ X-ray ุจุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชูƒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:46,020 --> 00:16:51,500
819
+ ุนุถู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅูŠุด ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ .. ู†ุณูŠุฌ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:51,500 --> 00:16:54,680
823
+ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู†ุณูŠุฌ ุงู„ุฑุฆุชูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ู ูุฃู†ุช
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:54,680 --> 00:17:00,080
827
+ ุจุชุดูˆู ุตูˆุฑุฉ ูˆุทุจุนุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ film
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:00,080 --> 00:17:06,960
831
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠู„ู… ุญุณุงุณ .. ุญุณุงุณ ู„ู‡ุง ูุฃู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุฏู‡ ุฎู„ุช
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:06,960 --> 00:17:11,740
835
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุจุณุท ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ intensity
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:11,740 --> 00:17:17,770
839
+ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌ ุฃูˆ scattered ุฅุญู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ููŠ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:17,770 --> 00:17:23,550
843
+ ุงู„ course ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ู…ุนู†ู‘ูŠูŠู† ุจุงู„ู€ ุจุงู„ x-ray ุงู„ู„ูŠ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:23,550 --> 00:17:28,090
847
+ ุจุชู†ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ scattered x-ray ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุนูƒุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅุญู†ุง
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:28,090 --> 00:17:32,730
851
+ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:32,730 --> 00:17:39,140
855
+ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู‡ู‘ู…ู†ุง ุงู„ x-ray ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุฎุชุฑู‚ุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุฑู‚ุฉ ุทุจุนุง
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:39,140 --> 00:17:43,900
859
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุณู„ุท ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ x-ray ู…ุง ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ููŠ ุฌุฒุก
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:43,900 --> 00:17:49,420
863
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ู‡ุง scattering ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠู„ูƒ ุฃู†ู‘ ู„ุงุฒู…
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:49,420 --> 00:17:54,920
867
+ ุงู„ูู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุงุนูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุงุจุณ ูˆู„ู…ุง ู†ุตูˆุฑ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ุง ูŠู†ูุนุด ู„ุฃู†ู‘
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:54,920 --> 00:17:58,920
871
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชุฃุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ู„ูŠุด ูŠู„ุจุณ ู„ู‡ุง scattering ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:58,920 --> 00:18:02,140
875
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ูˆู„ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ ุณุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุนู…ู„ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฒูŠูƒ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:02,140 --> 00:18:05,880
879
+ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ูŠุชุนุฑุถ .. ู…ุง ูŠู†ูุนุด ุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ ู…ู…ูƒู†
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:05,880 --> 00:18:10,080
883
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุณู„ุทุงู†ุงุช ูˆููŠ ุทุจุนุง ุชู… ุฑุตุฏ ุญุงู„ุงุช
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:10,080 --> 00:18:16,380
887
+ ู„ู„ุณู„ุทุงู† ู„ู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ููŠ ุฃู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุฅุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ course
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:16,380 --> 00:18:21,100
891
+ ุจุชุงุนู†ุง ู…ุนู†ู‘ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ scattered x-ray ุงู„ุขู†
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:22,810 --> 00:18:28,850
895
+ ุงู„ scattered x-ray ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุงู„ู…ู†ุนูƒุณุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:28,850 --> 00:18:37,290
899
+ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุชุฏุงุฎู„ ุจู†ุงุก ุฃูˆ ุชุฏุงุฎู„ ู‡ุฏุงู… ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุทู„ุน
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:37,290 --> 00:18:45,130
903
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง wave ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู‡ูŠ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:45,130 --> 00:18:49,210
907
+ wave ุงุชู†ูŠู† wave ุงุชู†ูŠู†
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:53,100 --> 00:18:57,920
911
+ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ูุณุฑ ุงู„ู€ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ..
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:57,920 --> 00:19:01,100
915
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:01,100 --> 00:19:07,240
919
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุทู„ุนุฉ ูˆุงู„ู†ุฒู„ุฉ ุฏู‡ุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู…ู…ุซู„ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:07,240 --> 00:19:13,400
923
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† .. ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชู…ุดูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ุงู„
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:13,400 --> 00:19:17,560
927
+ intensity ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุจุชู‚ู„ ูˆุชุฒูŠุฏ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ู„
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:17,560 --> 00:19:21,760
931
+ sinusoidal function ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุชุฎูŠู„ ุฃู†ู‘ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุถูˆุก
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:21,760 --> 00:19:28,400
935
+ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุถูˆุก ูƒุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุถูˆุก ู…ุทููŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ .. ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:28,400 --> 00:19:35,520
939
+ ุฅุถุงุกุฉ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุฎู ุจุชุดุชุฏ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูƒุณ ูˆ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:35,520 --> 00:19:40,380
943
+ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูุฃู†ุช ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ intensity ู…ุด ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:40,380 --> 00:19:45,760
947
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ two waves wave one ูˆ wave two
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:45,760 --> 00:19:51,920
951
+ ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุงู„ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุงู„
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:51,920 --> 00:19:55,500
955
+ phase angle ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ phase angle ูŠุนู†ูŠ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:55,500 --> 00:19:59,040
959
+ ุฃู†ู‘ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฒุงุญูŠู† multiple ู…ู† ุงู„ lambda ูŠุนู†ูŠ n lambda
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:59,040 --> 00:20:03,600
963
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงู„ n ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:03,600 --> 00:20:07,800
967
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ maximum ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† maximum ู„ู…ุง
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:07,800 --> 00:20:10,480
971
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ minimum ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† minimum maximum maximum
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:12,380 --> 00:20:15,920
975
+ ุจูŠุฌู…ุนูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏูˆุง ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:15,920 --> 00:20:19,420
979
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ intensity ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:19,420 --> 00:20:23,080
983
+ wave ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุฅุซู†ูŠู† ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ุฏ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:23,080 --> 00:20:28,560
987
+ constructive interference ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฏุงุฎู„ ุจู†ุงุก ูู„ู…ุง
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:28,560 --> 00:20:32,100
991
+ ุชุฏุงุฎู„ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ุซู„ุง ุชุฎูŠู„ hundred wave ุฃูˆ ุฃู„ู wave ุฃูˆ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:32,100 --> 00:20:35,480
995
+ ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ wave ุจุชุทู„ุน intensity ุนุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุฌู…ุนูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฏ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:35,480 --> 00:20:38,600
999
+ ู‡ุฏ ุจูŠุณู…ู‰ constructive interference
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:42,160 --> 00:20:45,120
1003
+ Destructive interference ุชุฎูŠู„ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฎุฐุช
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:45,120 --> 00:20:49,900
1007
+ scattering event ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู†ุนูƒุณุช ูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู†ุนูƒุณุช ุฃุฌูˆุง ุนูƒุณ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:49,900 --> 00:20:53,380
1011
+ ุจุนุถ ู„ู…ุง
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:53,380 --> 00:20:57,580
1015
+ ุฃุฌู…ุน ู‡ุฐูŠ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐูŠ ุดูˆ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจู„ุบูˆุง ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุนูƒุณ ู‡ุฐูŠ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:57,580 --> 00:21:00,460
1019
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจู„ุบูˆุง ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐูŠ ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุณุงู„ุจ ุจู„ุบูˆุง
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:00,460 --> 00:21:07,620
1023
+ ุจุนุถ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ููŠ ุงู„ุดูˆุงูŠู ู…ุง ุจุดูˆูุด ุฅุดูŠ ุฃู†ุง interested ููŠ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:07,620 --> 00:21:09,780
1027
+ ุงู„ constructive interference
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:14,060 --> 00:21:20,520
1031
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ููŠ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:20,520 --> 00:21:26,460
1035
+ ุฃุดุนุฉ ุณู„ุทุชู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ theta ููŠ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:26,460 --> 00:21:31,780
1039
+ ุฃุดุนุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ุญุฒู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฌูŠ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:31,780 --> 00:21:39,480
1043
+ ุดูˆ ุดุนุงุน ูŠุฌูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุดูˆ ุดุนุงุน ูŠุถู„ูˆุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุด
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:39,480 --> 00:21:47,120
1047
+ scattering ูŠุฎุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุดุนุงุน ู‡ูŠู† ู…ุดูŠ ุถุฑุจ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:47,120 --> 00:21:49,760
1051
+ ููŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ููŠ ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุงุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ..
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:49,760 --> 00:21:55,080
1055
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุงูŠุด ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุŸ ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:55,080 --> 00:21:58,920
1059
+ scattering ุฅุฐุง ุฏุงุฎู„ ุจุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุซูŠุชุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ diffraction
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:58,920 --> 00:22:02,940
1063
+ ุจุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ .. reflection ุจุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุซูŠุชุง ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:02,940 --> 00:22:06,160
1067
+ ุงู„ุดุนุงุน ุฏู‡ ุงุฎุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ูˆ ู†ุฒู„ ุชุญุช
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:06,160 --> 00:22:10,000
1071
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูˆ ุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุช ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:12,460 --> 00:22:15,840
1075
+ reflection reflection ู„ุฃู† ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ุดุนุงุน ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงุดูŠ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:15,840 --> 00:22:25,340
1079
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ุดุนุงุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:25,340 --> 00:22:28,840
1083
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูŠู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุดุนุงุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:28,840 --> 00:22:35,160
1087
+ ุดุนุงุน ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ..
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:35,160 --> 00:22:40,700
1091
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ู…ู† P ุนู„ู‰ S ู‡ูŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:40,700 --> 00:22:45,980
1095
+ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูˆ ู…ู† P ู„ู€ T ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุดุนุงุน ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:45,980 --> 00:22:51,580
1099
+ ู…ู† ู…ุณุงูุฉ SQ ูˆ QT ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:51,580 --> 00:22:58,240
1103
+ ุฅู„ุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ SQ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฐุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:58,240 --> 00:23:04,180
1107
+ ู‡ูŠ D ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุซูŠุชุง ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุซูŠุชุง ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุณุนูŠู†
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:04,180 --> 00:23:07,380
1111
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุซูŠุชุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ SQ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุณุงูˆุงุฉ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:08,300 --> 00:23:14,220
1115
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ D ุฌูŠุจ ุซูŠุชุง ูˆ QT ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:14,220 --> 00:23:20,480
1119
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ D ุฌูŠุจ ุซูŠุชุง ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ constructive
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:20,480 --> 00:23:26,900
1123
+ interference ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ู€ SQ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ู€ QT ุชูƒูˆู† multiple
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:26,900 --> 00:23:32,780
1127
+ integer ู…ู† ู„ุงู…ุฏุง N ููŠ ู„ุงู…ุฏุง N ููŠ ู„ุงู…ุฏุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ SQ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:32,780 --> 00:23:39,300
1131
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ constructive interference otherwise ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:39,300 --> 00:23:45,080
1135
+ destructive interference ุฃูˆ ุฌุฒุก constructive ุงู‡
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:45,080 --> 00:23:53,400
1139
+ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุงู‡ ูุฅู† ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ SQ SQ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:53,400 --> 00:23:57,580
1143
+ ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:57,580 --> 00:24:02,660
1147
+ QT ุนุดุงู†
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:02,660 --> 00:24:07,830
1151
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ constructive interference ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† N ููŠ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:07,830 --> 00:24:12,530
1155
+ ู„ุงู…ุฏุง N ููŠ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ N ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:12,530 --> 00:24:19,690
1159
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ integer ุงู„ู€ SQ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:19,690 --> 00:24:30,130
1163
+ D ุฌูŠุจ ุซูŠุชุง ุฒุงุฆุฏ D ุฌูŠุจ ุซูŠุชุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:30,130 --> 00:24:37,830
1167
+ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† 2 D ุฌูŠุจ ุซูŠุชุง ุจุณ ุฅู† ูู„ุงู†ุฏู‡ ู‡ุชุณู…ุนุด
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:37,830 --> 00:24:41,830
1171
+ ุจุฑุงุฌุฒ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:41,830 --> 00:24:48,630
1175
+ low ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ condition ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:48,630 --> 00:24:54,750
1179
+ constructive interference ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุนูƒุณุฉ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:54,750 --> 00:24:59,970
1183
+ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุจุนุถ ุจุชุชุฌู…ุน ุงู„ู€ amplitude ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูู„ูˆ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:59,970 --> 00:25:04,100
1187
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุดุนุงุน ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฅุถุงุกุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุง
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:04,100 --> 00:25:08,580
1191
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏูˆุง ุจุนุถ otherwise ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ destructive
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:08,580 --> 00:25:14,400
1195
+ interference ููŠ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:14,400 --> 00:25:19,300
1199
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ cubic
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:19,300 --> 00:25:23,560
1203
+ unit cells ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ inter atomic spacing ู…ุซู„ุง ุจูŠู†
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:23,560 --> 00:25:26,120
1207
+ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุนุงุฆู„ุชู‡ุง
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:28,360 --> 00:25:34,120
1211
+ H ูˆ K ูˆ L ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ indices ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† HKL ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ HKL ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:34,120 --> 00:25:38,560
1215
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ุตูุฑ ุฃูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ุตูุฑ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ู€ D ุจูŠู†
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:38,560 --> 00:25:44,140
1219
+ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุชู‡ุง ุฏูŠ HKL ู…ุนุทูˆู„ุฉ ู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู‡ูŠ A node ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:44,140 --> 00:25:51,980
1223
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ H ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ K ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ L ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆ ุงู„ู€ HK ูˆ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:51,980 --> 00:25:56,290
1227
+ L ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ indices ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู€ a ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:56,290 --> 00:26:04,130
1231
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ lattice parameter ู…ุซุงู„
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:26:04,130 --> 00:26:08,590
1235
+ calculate the distance between adjacent one one
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:08,590 --> 00:26:15,630
1239
+ one planes ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฏู‡ ู†ุญุณุจ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:26:15,630 --> 00:26:22,750
1243
+ ุฏูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ in gold ุงู„ู€ material gold
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:26:28,590 --> 00:26:34,310
1247
+ which has a lattice parameter ุงู„ู€ a node ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:34,310 --> 00:26:44,310
1251
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูˆูŠู†ุช ุตูุฑ ุณุจุนุฉ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุฃู†ุฌุณุชุฑูˆู… ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ D
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:44,310 --> 00:26:45,370
1255
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃุณุชูˆู‰
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:48,220 --> 00:26:55,820
1259
+ A node ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูˆูŠู†ุช ุตูุฑ ุณุจุนุฉ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:55,820 --> 00:27:02,340
1263
+ ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:27:02,340 --> 00:27:11,860
1267
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูˆูŠู†ุช ุณุจุนุฉ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:27:13,800 --> 00:27:17,860
1271
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู† ู…ุณุชูˆูŠูŠู† ู…ุชุชุงุจุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:27:17,860 --> 00:27:27,740
1275
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทุจุนุง
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:27,740 --> 00:27:33,740
1279
+ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุชุฎูŠู„ ุงุนู…ู„ ุนูŠู†ุฉ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:33,740 --> 00:27:38,520
1283
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ุญุจุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู… ุฑู…ู„ุชูŠู† ุญุจุชูŠู†
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:27:38,520 --> 00:27:43,360
1287
+ ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุญุจุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒุฑูŠุณุชุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:27:43,360 --> 00:27:49,220
1291
+ ูƒุฑูŠุณุชุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุตู„ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฏูŠ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:27:49,220 --> 00:27:53,820
1295
+ reflection ู…ู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุนูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุง ูƒู… reflection ู…ู†
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:27:53,820 --> 00:27:57,880
1299
+ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุนูŠู† ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:57,880 --> 00:28:02,060
1303
+ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉุŸ ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ุฑุงุกุชู‡ุงุŸ ุฃูˆ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:28:02,060 --> 00:28:07,900
1307
+ ุฌุณู‡ุงุŸ ุตุนุจ ูุดูˆ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ู‡ูˆุŸ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:28:07,900 --> 00:28:13,900
1311
+ ู†ุงุนู…ุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููƒุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุณุชุงู„ุงุช ู„ุฃู†ู‡
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:28:13,900 --> 00:28:16,680
1315
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุช ุญุทูŠุช ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ ุญุทูŠุช ููŠ ุตุญู†
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:28:16,680 --> 00:28:22,840
1319
+ ููŠู‡ ุทุญูŠู† .. ุทุญูŠู† ู†ุงุนู… ุฌุฏุง ุงุนุชุจุฑ ูƒู„ ุญุจุฉ ุทุญูŠู† ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:28:22,840 --> 00:28:26,560
1323
+ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ูƒุฑูŠุณุชุงู„ ูู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูƒุฑูŠุณุชุงู„ุงุช ู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:28:26,560 --> 00:28:31,980
1327
+ ุชูˆุฌู‡ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู† ุจุนุถ ูู„ู…ุง ุฃุตู„ุช ุฃุดุนุฉ ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:28:31,980 --> 00:28:36,800
1331
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ reflections ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุชุฌู…ุน ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:28:36,800 --> 00:28:40,600
1335
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ constructive interference ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุฌุณู‡ุง ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:28:40,600 --> 00:28:46,040
1339
+ .. ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุฌุณู‡ุง ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุทู„ู‚ ุฃู†ุง ุชูˆุญุฏ ู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู†
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:28:46,040 --> 00:28:50,020
1343
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู€ amplitude ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ุนุงู„ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู ุฃู†ุง
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:28:50,020 --> 00:28:53,560
1347
+ ุงูŠุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุฌุณู‡ุง ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆุง .. ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนูŠู†ุฉ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:28:53,560 --> 00:28:59,020
1351
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ .. ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ ู†ุงุนู…ุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชูุญุต
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:28:59,020 --> 00:29:02,620
1355
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† .. ู…ุง ูŠู†ูุนุด ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุชู„ุฉ ุตู„ุจุฉุŒ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:29:02,620 --> 00:29:11,300
1359
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุญุทู‡ุง
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:29:11,300 --> 00:29:16,620
1363
+ ุจุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงุณู…ู‡ X-ray diffractometer X-ray
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:29:16,620 --> 00:29:22,580
1367
+ diffractometer ุงู„ู€ X-ray diffractometer ุจูŠุญุทู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:29:22,580 --> 00:29:27,180
1371
+ ุงู„ู€ sample ู‡ู†ุง ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ู‚
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:29:27,180 --> 00:29:35,020
1375
+ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุจูŠุณู„ุท ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ุณูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ูŠุงุด ุนู„ู‰
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:29:35,020 --> 00:29:40,880
1379
+ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠู‡ detector ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชู„ู
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:29:40,880 --> 00:29:48,880
1383
+ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจุชู„ู ุซูŠุชุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู„ู ุงูŠู‡ุŸ 2 ุซูŠุชุง ุจุชู„ู
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:29:48,880 --> 00:29:54,960
1387
+ 2 ุซูŠุชุง ูู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง .. ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ beam ู„ูŠุด 2
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:29:54,960 --> 00:30:02,380
1391
+ ุซูŠุชุงุŸ ู…ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† Bragg's law ู‡ุงูŠ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:30:02,380 --> 00:30:07,950
1395
+ ุซูŠุชุง ูˆ ุซูŠุชุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงูŠุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ incident beam ูˆ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:30:07,950 --> 00:30:12,090
1399
+ ุงู„ู€ diffractive beam ู…ุด ุซูŠุชุง 2 ุซูŠุชุง ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:30:12,090 --> 00:30:16,910
1403
+ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ู†ุนู…
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:30:16,910 --> 00:30:22,470
1407
+ ุงู„ุขู†
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:30:22,470 --> 00:30:28,970
1411
+ ุตุญ ูƒู„ุงู…ูƒ ุจุณ ุฃู†ุช ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุดูˆ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ู€ sign ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:30:28,970 --> 00:30:32,870
1415
+ sign ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:30:34,430 --> 00:30:39,610
1419
+ ูุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุชุนุชุจุฑ 2 ุซูŠุชุง ุนุดุงู† ุฏุฎู„ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:30:39,610 --> 00:30:45,530
1423
+ ู„ู„ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ูู‡ูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุจู„ู ุซูŠุชุง ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุญุท ุชุฑุณ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:30:45,530 --> 00:30:53,710
1427
+ ุชุฑุณ ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฑุงูƒุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฑุณ ุชุฑุณ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุฑุณ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:30:53,710 --> 00:31:00,650
1431
+ ุถุนู ูุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูˆ .. ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุฑุณ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุฑุณ ู‚ุทุฑ ุถุนูŠู
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:31:00,650 --> 00:31:04,510
1435
+ ูุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู„ู ุซูŠุชุง ูู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู„ู ุงูŠุดุŸ 2 ุซูŠุชุง
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:31:05,670 --> 00:31:09,070
1439
+ ูุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ incident ูˆ ุงู„ู€ reflected ุจุชูƒูˆู† 2
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:31:09,070 --> 00:31:10,750
1443
+ ุซูŠุชุง ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ 2 ุซูŠุชุง ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:31:10,750 --> 00:31:11,210
1447
+ incident ู‡ูˆ 2 ุซูŠุชุง ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ 2
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:31:11,210 --> 00:31:11,770
1451
+ incident ู‡ูˆ 2 ุซูŠุชุง ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ 2
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:31:11,770 --> 00:31:12,610
1455
+ ุซูŠุชุง ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ 2 ุซูŠุชุง ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:31:12,610 --> 00:31:13,470
1459
+ incident ู‡ูˆ 2 ุซูŠุชุง ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ 2
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:31:13,470 --> 00:31:13,910
1463
+ ุซูŠุชุง ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ 2 ุซูŠุชุง ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:31:13,910 --> 00:31:13,930
1467
+ ุซูŠุชุง ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ 2 ุซูŠุชุง ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:31:13,930 --> 00:31:17,310
1471
+ incident ู‡ูˆ 2 ุซูŠุชุง ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ 2
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:31:17,310 --> 00:31:21,470
1475
+ ุซูŠุชุง ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ 2
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:31:21,470 --> 00:31:28,050
1479
+ ุซูŠุชุง ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ 2 ุซูŠุชุง ุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:31:28,050 --> 00:31:32,450
1483
+ incident ู‡ูˆ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:31:32,930 --> 00:31:36,610
1487
+ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุชุฏุงุฎู„ุช ูˆุงุชุญุฏุช ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:31:36,610 --> 00:31:45,590
1491
+ intensity ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:31:45,590 --> 00:31:51,830
1495
+ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู„ู‡ constructive interference ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:31:51,830 --> 00:31:55,610
1499
+ ุงุชุญุฏุช ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุซูŠุชุง ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:31:55,610 --> 00:32:00,050
1503
+ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุงุฏูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุดู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงุชูˆุญุฏุช ู‡ู†ุง
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:32:00,050 --> 00:32:03,290
1507
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุชูˆุญุฏุช ู‡ู†ุง constructive interference
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:32:03,290 --> 00:32:07,870
1511
+ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุชุดุงุจูƒ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู€ intensity ุตุงุฑ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:32:07,870 --> 00:32:11,850
1515
+ ุชูˆุญุฏ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ูููŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุตุงุฑ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:32:11,850 --> 00:32:14,910
1519
+ constructive interference
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:32:31,290 --> 00:32:36,990
1523
+ ู‡ู†ุนุชุจุฑ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู„ุฏูŠ ู„ุงู…ุฏุง ู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:32:36,990 --> 00:32:42,610
1527
+ ู…ุนูŠู† ูŠุณุชูˆู‰ 2DHKL
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:32:42,610 --> 00:32:46,030
1531
+ Sin ฮธ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:32:49,040 --> 00:32:58,220
1535
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ D HKL ู‡ูŠุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ุณุชูˆู‰ HKL ุณูˆุงุก A ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:32:58,220 --> 00:33:04,700
1539
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฅู„ู‰ H ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ K ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ L ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฎุฏู†ุง
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:33:04,700 --> 00:33:12,660
1543
+ ู†ุนูˆุถ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุญุงุณู ุฃู† ุฏูŠ Lambda ุจุณุงูˆูŠ 2 ููŠ A ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:33:12,660 --> 00:33:21,330
1547
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ู€ H ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ K ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ L ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:33:21,330 --> 00:33:28,730
1551
+ Sin ุซุชุง ุงุฑุจุน ุงู„ุฌู‡ุชูŠู† ุญุงุณุจ ุงู† ุฏูŠ Lambda ุชุฑุจูŠุน
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:33:28,730 --> 00:33:40,110
1555
+ ุจุงู„ุณูˆุงุก 4 A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ H ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ K ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:33:40,110 --> 00:33:48,020
1559
+ L ุชุฑุจูŠุน Sin ุชุฑุจูŠุนฮธ ุงู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ 4 A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู„ุงู…ุฏุง
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:33:48,020 --> 00:34:01,480
1563
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ 4 A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุซู… Sin ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุซุชุง ุนู„ู‰ H
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:34:01,480 --> 00:34:09,320
1567
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ K ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ L ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ุงู…ุฏุง ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู†ุง
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:34:09,320 --> 00:34:14,090
1571
+ ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุดุนุงุน ุตูŠู†ูŠ ุจุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูŠ ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ุซุงุจุช ูˆุงู„
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:34:14,090 --> 00:34:16,150
1575
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ู€ lattice
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:34:16,150 --> 00:34:19,530
1579
+ parameter ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุซุงุจุช ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ term ู‡ุฐุง
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:34:19,530 --> 00:34:28,750
1583
+ ุซุงุจุช constant ุงุญู†ุง
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:34:28,750 --> 00:34:30,190
1587
+ ุงู„ู€ reflection ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:34:33,940 --> 00:34:45,360
1591
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ H ูˆ ุงู„ู€ K ูˆ ุงู„ู€ L ุจุชู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู€ indices ู„ู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:34:45,360 --> 00:34:54,180
1595
+ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ reflection ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:34:54,180 --> 00:34:56,660
1599
+ reflection ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:34:56,660 --> 00:35:00,000
1603
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุด ูˆ ู†ุต
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:35:04,010 --> 00:35:11,450
1607
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฏูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ hkl ุนุดุงู† ู„ูˆ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:35:11,450 --> 00:35:17,130
1611
+ ุฒูˆุฏุช ุงู„ู€ theta ุฑูˆุญุช ุน ุงู„ู€ second reflection ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:35:17,130 --> 00:35:22,350
1615
+ theta ุทุจุนุง ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฏูŠ constant ุงุฒูˆุฏุช ุงู„ุจุณุท
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:35:22,350 --> 00:35:30,060
1619
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:35:30,060 --> 00:35:36,540
1623
+ indices H ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ K ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ L ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูŠุดุŸ ุฃุนู„ู‰
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:35:36,540 --> 00:35:39,060
1627
+ ูˆ ุฑูˆุญุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ constructive
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:35:39,060 --> 00:35:47,300
1631
+ interference ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:35:47,300 --> 00:35:50,920
1635
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ flexure ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:35:50,920 --> 00:35:55,670
1639
+ H ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ K ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ L ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุชุงุนูƒ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ุงุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:35:55,670 --> 00:36:01,270
1643
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก constant ุงู„ุขู†
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:36:01,270 --> 00:36:05,190
1647
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cubic unit cells ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cubic
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:36:05,190 --> 00:36:18,030
1651
+ unit cells ุงู„ุขู†
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:36:18,030 --> 00:36:21,230
1655
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูุฑุถ ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ cubic unit cell ุจุณ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:36:21,230 --> 00:36:28,560
1659
+ ุงู†ุง ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ simple cubic ูˆู„ุง BCC ูˆู„ุง FCC ููŠ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:36:28,560 --> 00:36:38,520
1663
+ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ูƒู„ all hkl ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ูŠ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:36:38,520 --> 00:36:46,340
1667
+ simple cubic ุจุชุนู…ู„ constructive interference ู„ูˆ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:36:46,340 --> 00:36:51,370
1671
+ ูƒุงู†ุช BCC ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ reflections ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ construction
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:36:51,370 --> 00:36:55,070
1675
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ .. ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ู€ H ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ K ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:36:55,070 --> 00:37:02,430
1679
+ ุงู„ู€ L ุฑู‚ู… ุฒูˆุฌูŠ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช FCC ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:37:02,430 --> 00:37:12,930
1683
+ FCC ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ indices ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูุฑุฏูŠ ุฃูˆ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุฒูˆุฌูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:37:12,930 --> 00:37:14,970
1687
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง reflection ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงูŠุด
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:37:14,970 --> 00:37:21,330
1691
+ reflection ุงู†ุง ุทุจุนุง .. ุงู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู†ุง ู…ุด
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:37:21,330 --> 00:37:24,850
1695
+ ุนุงุฑู ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ crystal structure
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:37:24,850 --> 00:37:28,170
1699
+ ุจุณ ุงู†ุง ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ู€ cubic ุจุณ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ BCC ูˆู„ุง
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:37:28,170 --> 00:37:37,610
1703
+ ุงู„ู€ FCC ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุง ุจุญุท ูƒู„ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ู„ู„
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:37:37,610 --> 00:37:41,770
1707
+ H ูˆ ุงู„ู€ K ูˆ ุงู„ู€ L ู„ู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช 100 110
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:37:41,770 --> 00:37:45,870
1711
+ 011 111 200 102 120
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:37:45,870 --> 00:37:48,290
1715
+ 210 220 ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:37:51,440 --> 00:37:55,860
1719
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุจู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ู€ H
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:37:55,860 --> 00:37:59,800
1723
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ู€ K ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงู„ู€ L ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ 1
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:37:59,800 --> 00:38:04,560
1727
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงุนุทุงู†ูŠ 1 1
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:38:04,560 --> 00:38:08,740
1731
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ 1 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 2 1 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:38:08,740 --> 00:38:13,500
1735
+ 1 ุชุฑุจูŠุน 1 ุชุฑุจูŠุน 3 2 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:38:13,500 --> 00:38:17,780
1739
+ ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 4 1 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 2 ุชุฑุจูŠุน
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:38:17,780 --> 00:38:27,220
1743
+ 5 ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ู„ุฃู† ุจุฑุชุจ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุทุจู‚ุง ุชุตุงุนุฏูŠุง ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน H
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:38:27,220 --> 00:38:30,420
1747
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ K ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ L ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑุชุจู‡ ุงู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:38:30,420 --> 00:38:34,960
1751
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงูƒุชุจู‡ู… ุงูƒุชุจู‡ูู… ู…ุด ุจุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุงู„ุตุญ ุจุณ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:38:34,960 --> 00:38:39,000
1755
+ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ู… ุจุฑุชุจู‡ู… ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุชุตุงุนุฏูŠ ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน H ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:38:39,000 --> 00:38:47,310
1759
+ K ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ L ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู†ุง ู…ุฑุชุจู‡ ุฌุงู‡ุฒ ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:38:47,310 --> 00:38:53,890
1763
+ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ material simple cubic ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ h,k ูˆ ุงู„ู€ l
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:38:53,890 --> 00:38:58,330
1767
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ constructive interference ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:38:58,330 --> 00:39:03,700
1771
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ first constructive interference ู„ูˆ
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:39:03,700 --> 00:39:08,000
1775
+ ูƒุงู† ู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง 1 ู‡ุฐุง 1 2 3
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:39:08,000 --> 00:39:13,160
1779
+ 4 5 6 7 ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุจุณ ุฎู„ูˆู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู…ู„ุงุญุธ
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:39:13,160 --> 00:39:15,900
1783
+ ู…ู„ุงุญุธ ุงูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุงุดุชุฑุจูŠุฒุฉ
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:39:15,900 --> 00:39:20,400
1787
+ ุงู„ุงุดุชุฑุจูŠุฒุฉ ุงู„ุงุดุชุฑุจูŠุฒุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ู†ุง 1 ู‡ู†ุง 2 3
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:39:20,400 --> 00:39:28,440
1791
+ 4 5 6 7 ุดูŠุก 8 ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ 9
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:39:28,440 --> 00:39:29,500
1795
+ ุฃูˆ 9
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:39:32,980 --> 00:39:39,140
1799
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ 10ุŒ 11ุŒ 12ุŒ 13ุŒ 14
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:39:39,140 --> 00:39:47,720
1803
+ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช BCC ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† BCC ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:39:47,720 --> 00:39:53,860
1807
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ู€ H ูˆ ุงู„ู€ K ูˆ ุงู„ู€ L ุงูŠุด even ุทูŠุจ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุฌู…ุน
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:39:53,860 --> 00:40:00,960
1811
+ 1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 even ูˆู„ุง odd ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:40:00,960 --> 00:40:04,980
1815
+ ููŠู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช BCC ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ูˆ ุชุนู…ู„
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:40:04,980 --> 00:40:07,340
1819
+ constructive interference ุทูŠุจ ู†ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ 1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:40:07,340 --> 00:40:11,320
1823
+ 1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 2 ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ first
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:40:11,320 --> 00:40:16,660
1827
+ construction parameter ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ first plane ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:40:16,660 --> 00:40:20,160
1831
+ ู†ุณุชู‚ูŠุธ ุนู„ูŠู‡ constructive interference ู†ุฌู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:40:20,160 --> 00:40:27,100
1835
+ 1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 1 ูุฑุฏูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ูุด 2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:40:27,100 --> 00:40:32,840
1839
+ 0 ุฒูˆุฌูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ู€ second ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:40:32,840 --> 00:40:37,920
1843
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ูŠู‡ constructive interference ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:40:37,920 --> 00:40:43,620
1847
+ material BCC ุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ุจุนุฏุฉ 1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 2
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:40:43,620 --> 00:40:45,420
1851
+ ูุฑุฏูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ูุด
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:40:48,590 --> 00:40:52,190
1855
+ ุงู„ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ 1 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 1 2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 2 4 ุฒูˆุฌูŠ
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:40:52,190 --> 00:40:56,070
1859
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ู€ third plane ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ู‡
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:40:56,070 --> 00:41:00,170
1863
+ constructive interference ุทูŠุจ ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ุจุนุฏุฉ 2
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:41:00,170 --> 00:41:10,950
1867
+ ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 2
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:41:10,950 --> 00:41:15,670
1871
+ ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 2 ุฒูˆุฌูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ fourth plane
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:41:15,670 --> 00:41:18,550
1875
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ constructive interference ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:41:18,550 --> 00:41:24,010
1879
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุญู‚ู‚ ุนู†ุฏู‡ Bragg's law ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง 2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:41:24,010 --> 00:41:32,920
1883
+ 2 4 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 1 5 ูุฑุฏูŠ ูุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ 3 ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:41:32,920 --> 00:41:36,060
1887
+ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุจุฑุถู‡ ูุฑุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ 3 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:41:36,060 --> 00:41:36,920
1891
+ ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:41:36,920 --> 00:41:37,300
1895
+ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:41:37,300 --> 00:41:37,440
1899
+ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:41:37,440 --> 00:41:37,600
1903
+ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:41:37,600 --> 00:41:37,920
1907
+ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:41:37,920 --> 00:41:39,140
1911
+ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:41:39,140 --> 00:41:45,520
1915
+ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0 ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:41:45,520 --> 00:41:56,060
1919
+ 0
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:41:57,310 --> 00:42:01,310
1923
+ ุทูŠุจ 2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 2 6 ุฒูˆุฌูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:42:01,310 --> 00:42:05,430
1927
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ constructive
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:42:05,430 --> 00:42:10,190
1931
+ interference ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช BCC ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ 3 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 0
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:42:10,190 --> 00:42:15,200
1935
+ ุฒุงุฆุฏ 2 ูุฑุฏูŠ ุจุธุจุทุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ 3 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 2 ุฒุงุฆุฏ 1
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:42:15,200 --> 00:42:18,840
1939
+ 6 ู„ุณู‡ ูˆุฌุจุงู†ุงุช ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณุงุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:42:18,840 --> 00:42:21,760
1943
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ constructive interference ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:42:21,760 --> 00:42:27,580
1947
+ material BCC ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ FCC ู‡ูŠ ุงู…ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ HKL ูƒู„ู‡ู… odd
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:42:27,580 --> 00:42:34,100
1951
+ ุฃูˆ ูƒู„ู‡ู… even ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ zero ู‡ุนุชุจุฑู‡ even ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ู€ zero
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:42:34,100 --> 00:42:41,320
1955
+ ุจูŠู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู‚ุณู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ 2ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุทูŠุจ ู†ุชุทู„ุน ูƒู„ู‡ู… odd
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:42:41,320 --> 00:42:48,630
1959
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŸ ู‡ุฐุง odd ูˆู‡ุฐุง even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด constructive
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:42:48,630 --> 00:42:53,790
1963
+ interference ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ crystal FCC ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ odd ..
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:42:53,790 --> 00:42:57,910
1967
+ odd .. even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ุฃ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูƒู„ู‡ู… odd ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:42:57,910 --> 00:43:02,830
1971
+ ุงู„ู€ first plane ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตุจุญ constructive interference
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:43:02,830 --> 00:43:04,490
1975
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญู‚ู‚ Bragg's law
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:43:07,810 --> 00:43:12,970
1979
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ second plane ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:43:12,970 --> 00:43:16,250
1983
+ ู†ุฑุงู‡ constructive interference ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† FCC ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:43:16,250 --> 00:43:23,870
1987
+ odd ูˆ ููŠู‡ even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุงู†ูุนุด ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ูƒู„ู‡
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:43:23,870 --> 00:43:32,530
1991
+ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุตุญุŸ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ .. ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงู†ูุนุด ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:43:32,530 --> 00:43:37,280
1995
+ ู…ุงู†ูุนุด ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ third plane ู…ู…ูƒู†
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:43:37,280 --> 00:43:40,580
1999
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ constructive interference ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ even
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:43:40,580 --> 00:43:49,460
2003
+ ูˆ odd ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุง ุชู†ูุนุด ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ odd ูˆ even ู…ุง ุชู†ูุนุด ู‡ู†ุง
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:43:49,460 --> 00:43:55,940
2007
+ odd ูˆ even ู…ุง ุชู†ูุนุด ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู„ู‘ู‡ odd ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ force
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:43:55,940 --> 00:43:58,360
2011
+ plane ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ constructive interference
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:44:00,830 --> 00:44:03,790
2015
+ ุทุจ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‘ู‡ even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ fifth plane is
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:44:03,790 --> 00:44:06,250
2019
+ considered constructive interference ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:44:06,250 --> 00:44:11,970
2023
+ odd ูˆ even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุง ุชู†ูุนุด ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ odd ูˆ even ู…ุง ุชู†ูุนุด
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:44:11,970 --> 00:44:24,030
2027
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุทูŠุจ ู„ุณู‡ ููŠ ุดูŠุก ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู†
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:44:24,030 --> 00:44:27,470
2031
+ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุขู†
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:44:34,750 --> 00:44:45,150
2035
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูƒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:44:45,150 --> 00:44:52,150
2039
+ ู‡ูŠ theta ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูŠ theta ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ูŠ theta ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู„ุญุฏ
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:44:52,150 --> 00:44:59,150
2043
+ theta n ุงู„ุขู† ุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ sine square
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:45:04,620 --> 00:45:13,120
2047
+ ุซูŠุชุง ุนู„ู‰ H ุชุฑุจูŠุน K ุชุฑุจูŠุน ZL ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠ
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:45:13,120 --> 00:45:20,880
2051
+ constant ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ูˆ ุญูƒูŠุช ู‡ุฐู‡ theta one sign
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:45:20,880 --> 00:45:29,320
2055
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน theta ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุฎู„ูŠ ุฃุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ indices ู„ู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฏู‡ H
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:45:29,320 --> 00:45:37,320
2059
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆK ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆL ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ H1 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ K1 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:45:37,320 --> 00:45:45,300
2063
+ L1 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆู‡ุฐุง ฮธุชุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ sign ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุซุชุง
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:45:45,300 --> 00:45:55,400
2067
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ H2 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ K2 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ L2 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุฑุถู‡
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:45:55,400 --> 00:46:04,790
2071
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒู…ู„ุช ุญุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ sign ุชุฑุจูŠุนtheta n ุนู„ู‰
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:46:04,790 --> 00:46:16,110
2075
+ hn ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ kn ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ ln ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ูˆ
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:46:16,110 --> 00:46:23,230
2079
+ ู‚ุณู…ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ sign theta
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:46:23,230 --> 00:46:27,590
2083
+ 2 ุนู„ู‰
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:46:27,590 --> 00:46:28,550
2087
+ ุงู„ sign ุชุฑุจูŠุน
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:46:50,970 --> 00:46:55,070
2091
+ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุฃูƒูˆู†ุด ุนุงุฑู
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:46:55,070 --> 00:47:00,320
2095
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ measured values ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:47:00,320 --> 00:47:07,740
2099
+ measured values ูุฃู†ุช ุชุทู„ุน ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:47:07,740 --> 00:47:13,920
2103
+ ุขุฎุฐ simple ุฃูˆ FCC ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุญูƒูŠู‡ ู†ุฃุฎุฐ FCC ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ FCC
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:47:13,920 --> 00:47:18,380
2107
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ first reflection ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ first reflection ูˆ
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:47:18,380 --> 00:47:23,260
2111
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ second reflection ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง .. ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจ
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:47:23,260 --> 00:47:26,480
2115
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุชุงุน ุงู„ second reflection ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:47:28,030 --> 00:47:30,650
2119
+ ูˆุงู„ second reflection ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุด ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ ุฒูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ูƒู…
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:47:30,650 --> 00:47:35,290
2123
+ ุซู„ุช ุฃุฑุจุน ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุช ูƒู… ูˆุงุญุฏ
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:47:35,290 --> 00:47:41,390
2127
+ ูˆุซู„ุช ุตุญ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุซู„ุช ุทุจ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ first ุงู„ second
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:47:41,390 --> 00:47:45,650
2131
+ reflection ุงู„ semi cubic ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ first ุงุซู†ูŠู†
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:47:45,650 --> 00:47:51,950
2135
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ ratio ุตุญ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุทุจ ุงู„ BCC
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:47:51,950 --> 00:47:56,310
2139
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:47:57,240 --> 00:48:01,560
2143
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:48:01,560 --> 00:48:06,940
2147
+ BCC ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ ratio ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช FCC ุจูŠู† second
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:48:06,940 --> 00:48:11,960
2151
+ reflection ุฃูˆ ู†ุญูƒูŠ second ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ jump second
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:48:11,960 --> 00:48:15,780
2155
+ reflection ูˆ ุงู„ first reflection ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:48:15,780 --> 00:48:20,620
2159
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ ratio ุจูŠู† second reflectionูˆ ุงู„ first
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:48:20,620 --> 00:48:24,080
2163
+ reflection ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุณู…ูƒ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ bcc ุจุชูƒูˆู†
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:48:24,080 --> 00:48:26,520
2167
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ ratio ุจูŠู† ุงู„ second
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:48:26,520 --> 00:48:31,120
2171
+ reflection ูˆ ุงู„ first reflection ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:48:31,120 --> 00:48:37,060
2175
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ FCC ูˆุงุถุญ
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:48:37,060 --> 00:48:41,780
2179
+ ุทุจุนุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† FCC ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ ratio ุจูŠู† ุงู„ second
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:48:41,780 --> 00:48:46,740
2183
+ reflectionูˆุงู„ first reflection ููŠ ุงู„ semi cubic
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:48:46,740 --> 00:48:50,540
2187
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ ratio ุจูŠู† ุงู„ second reflection ูˆ ุงู„
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:48:50,540 --> 00:48:55,240
2191
+ first reflection ููŠ ุงู„ BCC ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู†
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:48:55,240 --> 00:49:00,460
2195
+ ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ุทูŠุจ ู†ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ third
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:49:00,460 --> 00:49:03,820
2199
+ reflection semi cubic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุญุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒู…
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:49:03,820 --> 00:49:11,700
2203
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ third reflection
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:49:11,700 --> 00:49:25,160
2207
+ ููŠ ุงู„ BCCู‡ูŠ ู‡ุง ุณุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:49:25,160 --> 00:49:30,460
2211
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ูƒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ุขู† ุตุญุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุฎุฏ ุงู„
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:49:30,460 --> 00:49:34,380
2215
+ fourth reflection ููŠ ุงู„ุณู…ุฑ ูƒูŠุจูƒูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ fourth
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:49:34,380 --> 00:49:40,140
2219
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ fourth
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:49:40,140 --> 00:49:43,760
2223
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ BCC ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ fourth ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:49:44,540 --> 00:49:49,480
2227
+ ุนุงู„ first ูƒู…ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุนุฉ
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:49:49,480 --> 00:49:53,460
2231
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ู†ู…ูŠุฒ ุทูŠุจ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ fifth
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:49:53,460 --> 00:50:00,440
2235
+ reflection ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ fifth ููŠ ุงู„
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:50:00,440 --> 00:50:11,900
2239
+ BCC ุนุดุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุฎุฏ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณุฉ
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:50:14,080 --> 00:50:19,080
2243
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ simple cubic ุณุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุชุฉ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณ ู…ู†
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:50:19,080 --> 00:50:26,020
2247
+ ุงู„ BCC ู‡ูŠ ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ุน ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุณุชุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ู†ู…ูŠุฒ ุทูŠุจ ุฎุฏ
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:50:26,020 --> 00:50:33,840
2251
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ simple cubic ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:50:33,840 --> 00:50:41,960
2255
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ BCC ุณุจุนุฉ
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:50:44,030 --> 00:50:51,290
2259
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฃุฑุจุน ุนุดุฑ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ seventh
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:50:51,290 --> 00:50:58,290
2263
+ reflection ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู…ูŠุฒู†ูŠ ุจุชู…ูŠุฒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช sign ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:50:58,290 --> 00:51:07,630
2267
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู†ุฏูŠ sign ุฅุฐุง
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:51:07,630 --> 00:51:16,970
2271
+ ูƒุงู†ุช sign ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ sign ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุชูŠุชุง
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:51:16,970 --> 00:51:20,790
2275
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:51:20,790 --> 00:51:24,530
2279
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:51:24,530 --> 00:51:24,790
2283
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:51:24,790 --> 00:51:25,950
2287
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:51:25,950 --> 00:51:26,830
2291
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:51:26,830 --> 00:51:27,330
2295
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:51:27,330 --> 00:51:31,750
2299
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:51:31,750 --> 00:51:42,510
2303
+ ุชู‚
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:51:42,620 --> 00:51:53,880
2307
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช sin ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุซูŠุชุง ุณุจุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ sin ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุซูŠุชุง
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:51:53,880 --> 00:52:02,060
2311
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณูŠู…ุจู„
2312
+
2313
+ 579
2314
+ 00:52:02,060 --> 00:52:11,060
2315
+ ูƒูŠูˆุจูƒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช sin ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุซูŠุชุง ุณุจุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ sin ุชุฑุจูŠุน
2316
+
2317
+ 580
2318
+ 00:52:13,080 --> 00:52:23,600
2319
+ ุซูŠุชุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณูˆู‰ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุณุจุนุฉ ูƒูˆู†
2320
+
2321
+ 581
2322
+ 00:52:23,600 --> 00:52:28,120
2323
+ ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ุณูŠ ุทูŠุจ
2324
+
2325
+ 582
2326
+ 00:52:28,120 --> 00:52:35,500
2327
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุดูˆู ุงู„ example ุชุจุนู†ุง ุงู‡
2328
+
2329
+ 583
2330
+ 00:52:35,500 --> 00:52:41,160
2331
+ ุงู‡ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุทู„ุน ู‡ุฐู‡
2332
+
2333
+ 584
2334
+ 00:52:44,180 --> 00:52:48,600
2335
+ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ .. ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ูˆุญุทูŠู†ุง ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆุณู„ุทู†ุง ุฃุดุนุฉ
2336
+
2337
+ 585
2338
+ 00:52:48,600 --> 00:52:53,100
2339
+ ุณูŠู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุณุชู‚ุจู„ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ู†ุนูƒุณุฉ ูˆุทู„ุน ุงู„
2340
+
2341
+ 586
2342
+ 00:52:53,100 --> 00:52:56,920
2343
+ graph ู‡ุฐุง ุฑุณู… ุงู„ graph ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุนูƒุณุฉ ุทุจุนุง
2344
+
2345
+ 587
2346
+ 00:52:56,920 --> 00:52:59,840
2347
+ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ constructive interference ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2348
+
2349
+ 588
2350
+ 00:52:59,840 --> 00:53:03,100
2351
+ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุดุฏุช ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆู‡ู†ุง constructive interference
2352
+
2353
+ 589
2354
+ 00:53:03,100 --> 00:53:04,720
2355
+ ูˆู‡ู†ุง constructive interference ู„ุฃู† ุฏูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ฮธุชุง
2356
+
2357
+ 590
2358
+ 00:53:04,720 --> 00:53:08,920
2359
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠ ุซุชุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃุฑุจุน
2360
+
2361
+ 591
2362
+ 00:53:08,920 --> 00:53:10,980
2363
+ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†
2364
+
2365
+ 592
2366
+ 00:53:13,830 --> 00:53:20,370
2367
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุชุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
2368
+
2369
+ 593
2370
+ 00:53:20,370 --> 00:53:27,550
2371
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ูุชุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2372
+
2373
+ 594
2374
+ 00:53:27,550 --> 00:53:38,590
2375
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุณุชูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ูˆู†ุต ูุชุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
2376
+
2377
+ 595
2378
+ 00:53:38,590 --> 00:53:49,230
2379
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ูˆู†ุตู ุซูŠุชุง ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ุซู…ุงู†ูŠู†
2380
+
2381
+ 596
2382
+ 00:53:49,230 --> 00:53:53,230
2383
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุซู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุซู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุซูŠุชุง
2384
+
2385
+ 597
2386
+ 00:53:53,230 --> 00:54:00,550
2387
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
2388
+
2389
+ 598
2390
+ 00:54:00,550 --> 00:54:05,310
2391
+ ูˆุฃุฑุจุนูŠู† ุตุญ ุทุจ ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ุญุณุจ ุตูŠู† ุซูŠุชุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุตูŠู† ุชุฑุจูŠุน
2392
+
2393
+ 599
2394
+ 00:54:05,310 --> 00:54:15,820
2395
+ ุซูŠุชุง ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุตูŠู† ุชุฑุจูŠุนtheta ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ู‡ูŠ
2396
+
2397
+ 600
2398
+ 00:54:15,820 --> 00:54:22,660
2399
+ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† sin ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุซู„ุงุซูŠู† ูˆู†ุต ุนู„ู‰ sin
2400
+
2401
+ 601
2402
+ 00:54:22,660 --> 00:54:30,020
2403
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ูƒู… ุชุทู„ุน ุณูŠุจูˆู„ูŠู‡ุง ุณูุฑ ุฎู…ุณ
2404
+
2405
+ 602
2406
+ 00:54:30,020 --> 00:54:38,180
2407
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุด FCC ู‡ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2408
+
2409
+ 603
2410
+ 00:54:38,180 --> 00:54:40,480
2411
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ it is not
2412
+
2413
+ 604
2414
+ 00:54:45,960 --> 00:54:52,980
2415
+ FCC ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ curve ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุจูŠู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ู…ุด
2416
+
2417
+ 605
2418
+ 00:54:52,980 --> 00:54:55,560
2419
+ ุญุงุถุฑ ุจุฏูŠ reflections ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃูุชุฑุถ ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ุง
2420
+
2421
+ 606
2422
+ 00:54:55,560 --> 00:55:01,160
2423
+ ุจุชุทู„ุน BCC ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃูุชุฑุถ ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุญุณุจู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ
2424
+
2425
+ 607
2426
+ 00:55:01,160 --> 00:55:04,980
2427
+ ุฃูุชุฑุถ
2428
+
2429
+ 608
2430
+ 00:55:04,980 --> 00:55:12,740
2431
+ ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ุง BCC ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช BCC ุงู„
2432
+
2433
+ 609
2434
+ 00:55:12,740 --> 00:55:18,300
2435
+ first reflection ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุจูŠุดูŠ ุณูŠ ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
2436
+
2437
+ 610
2438
+ 00:55:18,300 --> 00:55:29,040
2439
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
2440
+
2441
+ 611
2442
+ 00:55:29,040 --> 00:55:35,020
2443
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุตูุฑ ุตูุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2444
+
2445
+ 612
2446
+ 00:55:35,020 --> 00:55:38,140
2447
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูุนู„ุง ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ
2448
+
2449
+ 613
2450
+ 00:55:40,460 --> 00:55:50,800
2451
+ ู‡ูˆ BCC ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ 112 ุฃูˆ 211 ู…ุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ 112
2452
+
2453
+ 614
2454
+ 00:55:50,800 --> 00:55:56,940
2455
+ ุฃูˆ 211 ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุตุญูŠุญ ุฃู†ุง ุชุนุฑูุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุฑูุชู‡ ุฅู†ู‘ู‡
2456
+
2457
+ 615
2458
+ 00:55:56,940 --> 00:56:02,440
2459
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุนุฑูุชู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ FCC ูˆู„ุง similar cubic ูˆู„ุง
2460
+
2461
+ 616
2462
+ 00:56:02,440 --> 00:56:06,500
2463
+ ู„ุง BCC ู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุทุงู„ู…ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ุฅู†ู‘ู‡
2464
+
2465
+ 617
2466
+ 00:56:06,500 --> 00:56:08,920
2467
+ ู‡ูˆ BCC ุจุนุฑู ุฃูุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช
2468
+
2469
+ 618
2470
+ 00:56:11,720 --> 00:56:25,380
2471
+ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุณุคุงู„ุŸ ุทูŠุจ
2472
+
2473
+ 619
2474
+ 00:56:25,380 --> 00:56:31,020
2475
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒูŠู ุชุนู…ู„ indexing ู„ู„ crystal
2476
+
2477
+ 620
2478
+ 00:56:31,020 --> 00:56:38,800
2479
+ structure ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุซู„ hcpุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ
2480
+
2481
+ 621
2482
+ 00:56:38,800 --> 00:56:41,120
2483
+ ู†ูˆุน ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุน ุนุดุฑ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ crystal
2484
+
2485
+ 622
2486
+ 00:56:41,120 --> 00:56:47,760
2487
+ structure ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ู…ุง ุชู†ูุนุด ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
2488
+
2489
+ 623
2490
+ 00:56:47,760 --> 00:56:55,660
2491
+ cubic unit cells ููŠ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง
2492
+
2493
+ 624
2494
+ 00:56:55,660 --> 00:57:01,220
2495
+ ุญุฏ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ูˆุนู…ู„ู†ุง presentation ู†ุนุทูŠู‡ ุจูˆุงู†ุช ุตุฑูŠุญุฉ
2496
+
2497
+ 625
2498
+ 00:57:01,220 --> 00:57:05,780
2499
+ ุทุจ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ .. ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ .. ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„
2500
+
2501
+ 626
2502
+ 00:57:05,780 --> 00:57:08,700
2503
+ structure ู…ุด ู…ุนุฑูˆูุŒ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†ุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูƒูŠูˆุจูƒ
2504
+
2505
+ 627
2506
+ 00:57:08,700 --> 00:57:13,400
2507
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ุด ูƒูŠูˆุจูƒ ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ extra
2508
+
2509
+ 628
2510
+ 00:57:13,400 --> 00:57:17,180
2511
+ diffractionุŸ
2512
+
2513
+ 629
2514
+ 00:57:17,180 --> 00:57:22,620
2515
+ ู…ุนูƒ ุฃุณุจูˆุนุŒ ุฃูŠู‘ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุŸ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู†ูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุดุทุฑุŒ
2516
+
2517
+ 630
2518
+ 00:57:22,620 --> 00:57:26,420
2519
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉุŒ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒู… ุงู„ุนููˆ
PL9fwy3NUQKwbBCceOozNtoSQCtYlAhMQo/LtDaocscmOs_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2520 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:05,080 --> 00:00:08,000
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,780
7
+ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ุŒ ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ุญุฏ ุชู„ุงู†
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:13,780 --> 00:00:17,840
11
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุจุทุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:17,840 --> 00:00:21,930
15
+ crystal structures ุงู„ solid materialsุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:21,930 --> 00:00:26,110
19
+ ุงู„ูุงุชุฑุฉ ุดูู†ุง ูƒูŠู to define directions to define
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:26,110 --> 00:00:29,830
23
+ planes ุนุฑูู†ุง
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:29,830 --> 00:00:34,930
27
+ ุงู„ linear density ูˆ ุงู„ planar density ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:34,930 --> 00:00:41,830
31
+ cubic cells ูˆ ุงู„ hcp unit cells ุญู„ู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:41,830 --> 00:00:49,710
35
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ planes ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:49,710 --> 00:00:57,080
39
+ ุนู† ุงู„ planar densityุญุณุจู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† example ู„ุญุฏ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:57,080 --> 00:01:01,220
43
+ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ linear density ูˆ ุงู„ planar
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:01,220 --> 00:01:05,740
47
+ density ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุนุชุจุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:05,740 --> 00:01:10,660
51
+ slip ู„ู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูุงุฏ ุงู„ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ mechanical
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:10,660 --> 00:01:14,620
55
+ deformation ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ loading ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:14,620 --> 00:01:20,870
59
+ axialูˆุงู„ุง torsion ูˆ ู„ุง bending ูˆ ู„ุง ุงูŠ combination
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:20,870 --> 00:01:24,050
63
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‰ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠู† ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:24,050 --> 00:01:28,750
67
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠู† ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:28,750 --> 00:01:32,630
71
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุงุณู‡ู„ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูƒุซุงูุฉ ููŠ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:32,630 --> 00:01:36,930
75
+ ุงู„ุถุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูƒุซุงูุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:36,930 --> 00:01:42,790
79
+ ุงู„ slip ุฃุณู‡ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ most dense planes along
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:42,790 --> 00:01:47,880
83
+ the most dense directionsูุนู…ู„ุช ุงู„ slip ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:47,880 --> 00:01:50,840
87
+ ุจุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุนุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ linear density ูˆ ุงู„
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:50,840 --> 00:01:53,720
91
+ linear density ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุทุจุนุฉ ูˆุงุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ slip
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:53,720 --> 00:01:59,180
95
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฑ ููŠ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:59,180 --> 00:02:02,420
99
+ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ closed packed planes and directions ูุงุญู†ุง
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:02,420 --> 00:02:08,300
103
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุฃู†ุฏูŠ hcp unit cell ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:08,300 --> 00:02:13,080
107
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠุฉ ุตุญ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ .. ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ ููŠ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:13,080 --> 00:02:17,490
111
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠุฉูˆ ููŠ ูƒุงู† ุฏุฑู‘ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:17,490 --> 00:02:26,690
115
+ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุชู„ุช ุฏุฑู‘ุงุช ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูุท ูƒู…ุงู† ุชู„ุช ุฏุฑู‘ุงุช
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:26,690 --> 00:02:31,090
119
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ ูุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:31,090 --> 00:02:36,970
123
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ู„ู„ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ a ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ a ุชู„ุชุฉ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:36,970 --> 00:02:43,490
127
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† zero zero zero ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ zero ูŠุนู†ูŠ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:43,490 --> 00:02:47,820
131
+ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฏูŠ ู‡ุชุฌูŠุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ C ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:47,820 --> 00:02:52,680
135
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช 002
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:52,680 --> 00:02:57,240
139
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุตูู‘ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‘ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุตููŠุทุฉ ุงู„
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:57,240 --> 00:03:04,180
143
+ standard ุฃูˆ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† A B A ุจู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช A B
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:04,180 --> 00:03:10,180
147
+ A B A B A B ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุงู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ closed
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:10,180 --> 00:03:15,700
151
+ -packed stacking ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุตููŠุท A B A B A B ูˆูƒุฐุง
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:15,700 --> 00:03:21,540
155
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูุฑุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ 100% ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:21,540 --> 00:03:28,380
159
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ B ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ูˆุงู‚ุน fitููŠ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:28,380 --> 00:03:31,940
163
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุงู‚ุน ุจูŠู† ุชู„ุช ุฏุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ valley ูŠุนู†ูŠ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:31,940 --> 00:03:37,200
167
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑ ู‡ุฐูŠ ู‡ูŠุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฌุงูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู ุจูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:43,900
171
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุช ุฏุฑุงุช ูู‡ูŠ ูุงู„ุฏุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุชุบุทูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:43,900 --> 00:03:50,720
175
+ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ ูˆ ุงูŠู‡ ุจูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ ูˆ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ center
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:50,720 --> 00:03:57,270
179
+ atom ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏุฑ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงูŠ ุฏุฑุฉู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจุณุช ุฏุฑุงุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:57,270 --> 00:04:00,350
183
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠ ุฏุฑุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจุณุช ุฏุฑุงุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:00,350 --> 00:04:05,310
187
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆููŠ ุชู„ุงุช ุฏุฑุงุช ุชุญุชู‡ุง ูˆ ุชู„ุงุช ุฏุฑุงุช ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:05,310 --> 00:04:10,270
191
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญูˆุทุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฌู‡ุงุช ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ ุฏุฑุฉ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:10,270 --> 00:04:16,340
195
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ coordination number ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูŠุด ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑู†ูุณ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:16,340 --> 00:04:20,060
199
+ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ FCC ุจุณ ุงู„ FCC ุงู„ planes ุจุชูƒูˆู†
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:20,060 --> 00:04:24,220
203
+ closed packs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ .. ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:24,220 --> 00:04:30,480
207
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:30,480 --> 00:04:42,700
211
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุนู†ุฏ Bู‡ูˆ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง A C B A C B ุงูˆ B
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:42,700 --> 00:04:48,000
215
+ A C B A C B A C ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุชู„ุช ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุจุชุฑุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:53,480
219
+ ุณู„ุท ูˆุฑูƒ 3D ุจุชุญุท ุถุฑุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ cornerูˆ ุถุฑุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ face
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:53,480 --> 00:04:58,100
223
+ ูˆ ุชุนู…ู„ูˆุง section ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:58,100 --> 00:05:02,680
227
+ ู‡ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุธุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุชุดูˆู ุงู„ู…ู†ุธุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:02,680 --> 00:05:11,060
231
+ closed big planes ููŠ ุงู„ FCC unit cells ุงู„ุถุฑุงุช
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:11,060 --> 00:05:18,280
235
+ ููŠ ุงู„ plane B fit ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู ููŠ ุงู„ plane A ู‡ูŠ B
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:20,930 --> 00:05:30,310
239
+ B ูˆู‡ูŠ A ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ B ู‡ุงูŠ B ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ B ุฌุงูŠ ุจูŠู† A ูˆ C
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:30,310 --> 00:05:36,970
243
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ B A C ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ B ุฌุงูŠ ุจูŠู† C ูˆ A
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:40,720 --> 00:05:46,340
247
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุฌู…ู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูŠ ุถุฑุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:46,340 --> 00:05:49,700
251
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจ12 ุถุฑุจ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุทุจุนุง
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:49,700 --> 00:05:53,020
255
+ ุนุดุงู† ุชุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุฑุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง ุงู† ูƒู„ ุถุฑุจ ู…ุญุงุทุฉ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:53,020 --> 00:05:57,800
259
+ ุจ12 ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุขู†
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:57,800 --> 00:06:01,160
263
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ single crystal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:01,160 --> 00:06:04,540
267
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุดูˆู ูƒุชู„ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุตูุทุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุชุนุทูŠ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:04,540 --> 00:06:10,200
271
+ ู†ูุณูƒ ุชุตููŠุทุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู†ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู…ุงุณ ูŠู‚ุงุณ ุจุญุฌู…
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:10,200 --> 00:06:15,080
275
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุงุด .. ุงู„ู…ุงุณุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุจุฑุช ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:15,080 --> 00:06:19,640
279
+ ุชู…ุงู†ุน ุฃุบู„ู‰ ู„ุณุจุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ูˆ ุนุดุงู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:19,640 --> 00:06:25,600
283
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ูˆุฒู†ู‡ ุจุณ ุจูŠุญุณุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุนุฑ ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† single
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:25,600 --> 00:06:29,740
287
+ crystal ุทุจุนุง ู…ุงุฒุงู„ single crystal ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:29,740 --> 00:06:34,310
291
+ ุชุชู…ู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุชุชู…ู†ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:34,310 --> 00:06:39,810
295
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู„ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ different linear densities ููŠ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:39,810 --> 00:06:43,910
299
+ different directions ููุนู„ูŠุง ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ููŠ ุงู„ single
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:43,910 --> 00:06:48,190
303
+ crystal ุงู„ materials ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุชุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:48,190 --> 00:06:53,170
307
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฌุฑุจ ูˆุญูƒุงูŠุฉ single crystal
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:57,100 --> 00:07:03,400
311
+ ุฌูŠุจูˆุง ู…ูŠู‡ุŒ ู…ูŠู‡ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู„ุญุŒ ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ู‚ุทุฑุฉ ูˆ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:03,400 --> 00:07:07,640
315
+ ุญุทูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ freezer ุฎู„ูˆุง ุงู„ freezer ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุด ุงู„
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:07,640 --> 00:07:12,320
319
+ freezer ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ุงู‚ุต ุณุจุนุชุงุดุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุฎู„ูˆู‡ ู†ุงู‚ุต
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:12,320 --> 00:07:18,270
323
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุชู„ุงุชุฉูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชู†ุฒู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ู†ุงู‚ุต ุณุจุนุชุงุด ูƒู„ ู…ุง
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:18,270 --> 00:07:23,630
327
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุฏ ูˆ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:23,630 --> 00:07:28,630
331
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู‡ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ูƒุชู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ุฌ ู…ุนุชู…ุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:28,630 --> 00:07:32,410
335
+ ุจูŠุถุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ู…ุนุชู…ุฉุฎู„ู‘ูŠู‡ุง ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชูƒูˆู†
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:32,410 --> 00:07:35,690
339
+ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุจู„ูˆุฑ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุฑุงุญุชู‡ุง ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ูˆู‚ุชู‡ุง
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:35,690 --> 00:07:39,790
343
+ ุชุตูุท ุงู„ุตูŠุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุฌุฑุจูˆู‡ุง ุญุทูˆุง ุชุธุจุท ุงู„ freezer
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:39,790 --> 00:07:44,090
347
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู†ุงู‚ุต ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุทู„ุน ุฒูŠ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:44,090 --> 00:07:49,350
351
+ crystal ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู†ู‚ุงุก ุนุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆู ุทุจุนุง
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:49,350 --> 00:07:51,710
355
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ crystal ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุดูุงูุฉ .. ุงู„ุชู„ุฌ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:51,710 --> 00:07:57,050
359
+ ุดูุงูุฉ ูุญุท ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุชู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง .. ุจุชูƒูˆู†
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:57,050 --> 00:07:58,730
363
+ ู…ุนุชู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:02,670 --> 00:08:05,870
367
+ ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ crystaline ..
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:05,870 --> 00:08:07,950
371
+ polycrystalline ุงู„ material ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:07,950 --> 00:08:10,150
375
+ polycrystalline ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ polycrystalline
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:10,150 --> 00:08:15,530
379
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆูƒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง polycrystalline ู…ุง ุฒุงู„
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:15,530 --> 00:08:19,090
383
+ polyุจู†ุนุช ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ู‰ polycrystallineุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:19,090 --> 00:08:22,370
387
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงุชุดูƒู„ ุตูุฉ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:22,370 --> 00:08:26,410
391
+ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ุง ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฌุงู†ุจู‡ุง ุงุชุตูุชู‡ุง ุชุตููŠุชู‡ุง ุงุฎุชู„ู
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:26,410 --> 00:08:31,590
395
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุชู‡ุง ุฌุงู†ุจู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงุชุตูุชู‡ุง ุชุตููŠุชู‡ุง ู†ูุณ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:31,590 --> 00:08:37,030
399
+ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ุจุณ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุดูƒู„ ุงูˆ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:37,030 --> 00:08:41,090
403
+ ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุช ุจุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ orientation ู…ู† ู…ู† ุงู„ grain ู„
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:41,090 --> 00:08:44,390
407
+ grain ุทุจุนุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ุง ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠู†
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:44,390 --> 00:08:46,450
411
+ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ grain
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:50,380 --> 00:08:54,220
415
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุฏุŒ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:54,220 --> 00:08:58,780
419
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ุฉุŒ ู…ุนุฏู†ุŒ ุณุจุช ูŠุจุฑุฏุŒ ู‡ุชุจุฏุฃ ุนู†ุฏ ุจู‚ุฑ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:58,780 --> 00:09:02,180
423
+ ุชุฌู…ุฏุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุญูƒูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุฏุฃุช ู‡ู†ุง ุจู‚ุฑุฉ .. ุทุจุนุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:02,180 --> 00:09:04,920
427
+ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃุด ุจู‚ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ุจุณ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชุชุฌู…ุฏุŒ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃุด
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:04,920 --> 00:09:08,600
431
+ ุจุจู‚ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจู‚ุฑุฉ ุชุฌู…ุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:08,600 --> 00:09:12,800
435
+ ุชู†ุชูŠู†ุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ุณุชุฉุŒ ุณุจุนุฉุŒ ู‡ู„ ุฃู†ุง ุจุถู…ู†
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:12,800 --> 00:09:17,460
439
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ orientation ู„ู„ุจู‚ุฑ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ุชุณูƒู†ุŸ ู„ุฃุŒ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:17,460 --> 00:09:21,550
443
+ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ orientation ุชูˆุฌูŠู‡ุฉ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:21,550 --> 00:09:25,590
447
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุชูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ุชุจุฏุฃ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:25,590 --> 00:09:30,190
451
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ุชุฏุฑูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู‚ุฑุฉ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:30,190 --> 00:09:33,410
455
+ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุตููŠุช ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุตููŠุช
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:33,410 --> 00:09:38,130
459
+ ุจุงู„ุฒูŠุฏ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุตููŠุชุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุตููŠุชุฉ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:38,130 --> 00:09:41,470
463
+ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุชุตููŠุชุฉ ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุชุตููŠุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุชุตููŠุชุฉ ุณุงุฏุณุฉ ูˆ ูƒุฐุง
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:41,470 --> 00:09:48,650
467
+ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุฏ ูˆุงู„ุชุตููŠุช ุจุงู„ุฒูŠุฏู„ุญุฏ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:48,650 --> 00:09:52,810
471
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู† ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู† ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:52,810 --> 00:10:01,850
475
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ู†ุตู„ ู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ู†ุตู„ ู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ู†ุง
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:01,850 --> 00:10:05,730
479
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุชุตููŠุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง grain
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:07,450 --> 00:10:10,250
483
+ ุงู„ุชุตููŠุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุฌุงู‡ุฉ ุงุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุณู…ู‡ุง grain ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:10,250 --> 00:10:15,110
487
+ ุงู„ุชุตููŠุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุฌุงู‡ุฉ ุงุฎุชู„ู ููŠู‡ุง grain ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:15,110 --> 00:10:18,530
491
+ ุงู„ุชุตููŠุฉ ุงุฎุชู„ู ููŠ grain ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุจูŠู† grain
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:18,530 --> 00:10:21,550
495
+ ูˆ grain .. ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ููŠ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:21,550 --> 00:10:26,390
499
+ ุงู„ุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ grain boundaries ุญุฏูˆุฏ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:26,390 --> 00:10:31,510
503
+ ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุจูŠุจุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุจูŠุจุฉ ุญุจูŠุจุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:31,510 --> 00:10:34,450
507
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ ุงู†ุง ู…ุงุดูˆู ุงุดูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:34,450 --> 00:10:39,670
511
+ ุงู„ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ grain boundaries ู‡ุฐู‡ grain
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:39,670 --> 00:10:42,890
515
+ with specific orientation ู‡ุฐู‡ grain ุจorientation
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:42,890 --> 00:10:47,250
519
+ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ grain ุจorientation ุชุงู„ุช ุฑูˆุชูŠุดู† ุฑุงุจุน ุฎู…ุณ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:47,250 --> 00:10:53,100
523
+ ุณุงุฏุณ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุนุดุงู† ูƒุฐุงุฌูˆุง ุงู„ grain ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:53,100 --> 00:10:58,160
527
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† BCC ู…ุงู‡ุฏูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ BCC ูˆ ู‡ุฏูŠ BCC ูˆ ู‡ุฏูŠ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:58,160 --> 00:11:03,140
531
+ BCC ุจุณ ุจุฏุช ุชุตููŠุช ุจุฏุช ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠู† ุจุชุตูุท ุจุณ ุชุตููŠุชู‡
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:03,140 --> 00:11:08,800
535
+ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ BCC ุงูˆ FCC
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:08,800 --> 00:11:10,080
539
+ ุงูˆ HCP
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:18,690 --> 00:11:23,310
543
+ ููŠ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณุฉ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณุฉ ุงู„ุงู†
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:23,310 --> 00:11:28,770
547
+ ุงูŠุฒุงุชูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุจุงุชูŠุฑูŠุงู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:28,770 --> 00:11:34,310
551
+ direction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู… ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ู†ุจุณุท ุงู„ุงุดูŠ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:34,310 --> 00:11:41,310
555
+ ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ุฎุตุงุตู‡ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุฃู„ูŠุงู ุบูŠุฑ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนุฑุถ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:41,310 --> 00:11:45,750
559
+ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู„ูŠุงูู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ material is
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:45,750 --> 00:11:49,210
563
+ anisotropic ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุฃู„ูŠุงู ุนู†ู‡ุง
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:49,210 --> 00:11:53,910
567
+ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนุฑุถ ุงู„ isotropic material ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจุชูƒูˆู†
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:53,910 --> 00:11:57,330
571
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูุฑู‚ isotropic
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:57,330 --> 00:12:01,210
575
+ material ู„ุงู†ุญุงุณ isotropic material ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ู„ุฃ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:01,210 --> 00:12:05,750
579
+ anisotropic material most
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:05,750 --> 00:12:08,290
583
+ polycrystalline materials will exhibit isotropic
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:08,290 --> 00:12:14,140
587
+ properties ูุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ table ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏูŠู† ุงู„
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:14,140 --> 00:12:18,160
591
+ modulus of elasticity ู„ู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุญุงุณ ูˆุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:18,160 --> 00:12:22,620
595
+ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ุฌุณุชูˆู† ููŠ ุชู„ุช ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ 1 0
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:22,620 --> 00:12:27,320
599
+ 0 direction ูˆ ุงู„ 1 1 0 ูˆ ุงู„ 1 1 1 ู‡ุฏูู‡ุง for singly
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:27,320 --> 00:12:31,360
603
+ crystal ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ุฏูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุงู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:36,230 --> 00:12:40,730
607
+ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ 100ุŒ ุชู„ุงุช ุณุชูŠู† ู…ูˆู„ ุณุจุนุฉุŒ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ 110ุŒ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:40,730 --> 00:12:44,870
611
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู†ุŒ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ 111ุŒ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู†ุŒ ุฎุฏ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:44,870 --> 00:12:49,070
615
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุญุงุณุŒ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:49,070 --> 00:12:53,170
619
+ ุชุณุนูŠู†ุŒ ุงุฎุชู„ู ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุตุŒ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:53,170 --> 00:12:56,850
623
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู†ุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู†ุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุชู†ุฌุณุชูˆู†
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:56,850 --> 00:13:01,400
627
+ very hardุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ุฏุฉ ุชู„ุงุช ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ู…ุด ุจุงุฎุชู„ู
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:01,400 --> 00:13:06,480
631
+ ูุงู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ุฌุณุชูˆู† ู„ุฃ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:06,480 --> 00:13:10,620
635
+ ู„ุฃ ู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† single crystal ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:10,620 --> 00:13:13,760
639
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด single .. ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุจูŠุจุงุช ูู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:13,760 --> 00:13:19,360
643
+ polycrystalline ุงู„ material ู…ุชุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจุงุชูุจุงู„ู…ุฌู…ู„
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:19,360 --> 00:13:24,020
647
+ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจุฉ ู…ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฉ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:24,020 --> 00:13:27,180
651
+ 00 ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจุฉ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ู…ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุด ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ูุจู„ุบูˆุง ุจุนุถ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:27,180 --> 00:13:36,160
655
+ ูุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุท ู…ุงุชุทู„ู‚ุงุด isotropic ุงู„ู„ู‰
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:36,160 --> 00:13:39,780
659
+ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ X-ray diffraction ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ X-ray
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:39,780 --> 00:13:43,880
663
+ diffraction ุชู‚ู†ูŠูƒูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:43,880 --> 00:13:44,640
667
+ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:47,210 --> 00:13:51,030
671
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ X-rayุŸ ุงู„ X-ray ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† electromagnetic
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:51,030 --> 00:13:55,730
675
+ radiation
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:55,730 --> 00:14:00,110
679
+ ุงู„ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุจุชุงุนูŠ ุงุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑ ุฃู†ุฌุณุชุฑูˆู… ู„ู…ูŠุฉ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:00,110 --> 00:14:05,110
683
+ ุฃู†ุฌุณุชุฑูˆู…ุŒ ุงู„ุนุดุฑ ุฃู†ุฌุณุชุฑูˆู… ู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุฃู†ุฌุณุชุฑูˆู… ู‡ุฐุง ุดุจูŠู‡
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:05,110 --> 00:14:09,090
687
+ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุงุช ุจูŠู† ู…ุณุชูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:13,640 --> 00:14:18,740
691
+ ุงู„ X-ray diffraction ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:18,740 --> 00:14:26,160
695
+ phases ู„ู„ material ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ phases ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:26,160 --> 00:14:30,120
699
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญูˆุงุฑ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ material ุจุชุฎุชู„ู
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:30,120 --> 00:14:33,290
703
+ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูููŠ ุงู„ processing ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุนู…ู„ processing ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:33,290 --> 00:14:36,910
707
+ ุงูˆ processing ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุชู†ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูุงู†ุง ู…ุญุชุงุฌ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:36,910 --> 00:14:40,610
711
+ ุงุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ุงู„ micro structure ูุงู†ุง ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ x-ray
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:40,610 --> 00:14:44,010
715
+ ุนุดุงู† ุงุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ .. ุงุนู…ู„ micro structure examination
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:44,010 --> 00:14:47,990
719
+ ุจุฑุถู‡
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:47,990 --> 00:14:50,530
723
+ ุงู„ x-ray diffraction ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุญุฏูŠุฏ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:50,530 --> 00:14:55,570
727
+ ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุงุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:55,570 --> 00:14:58,830
731
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ุชุจุตูŠ ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:58,830 --> 00:15:02,470
735
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฑูŠุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ grain structure ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:02,470 --> 00:15:07,230
739
+ grain structure ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ grain ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:07,230 --> 00:15:13,950
743
+ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุชู‡ุง ูุงู†ุง ูƒูŠู ู‡ุงุฑุณูŠ ุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ุฃุฏุงุก
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:13,950 --> 00:15:16,710
747
+ ุชุฌุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ x-ray diffraction ุนุดุงู† ุงุดูˆู ุงูŠุด
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:16,710 --> 00:15:23,290
751
+ ุตุงุฑุช ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:23,290 --> 00:15:24,650
755
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:27,890 --> 00:15:31,930
759
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ X-ray diffraction ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:31,930 --> 00:15:36,570
763
+ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ุงุฏุฉ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:36,570 --> 00:15:42,230
767
+ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงูƒุชุดูุช ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ BCC ูˆู„ุง FCC ูˆู„ุง
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:42,230 --> 00:15:46,730
771
+ simple cubic ูˆู„ุง HCP ูˆู„ุง triclinic ู .. ูุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:46,730 --> 00:15:51,410
775
+ X-ray diffraction ุนุดุงู† ุงุนุฑู ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:51,410 --> 00:15:56,070
779
+ ุงู„ุงู†
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:56,070 --> 00:16:02,450
783
+ ุงู†ุง ุฌุจุช ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุนุฏู†ูˆ ุตู„ุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:02,450 --> 00:16:06,230
787
+ ุนูŠู†ู‡ุง ุตู„ุท ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุนูŠู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:06,230 --> 00:16:12,530
791
+ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:12,530 --> 00:16:18,790
795
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงูˆ reflection reflection
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:18,790 --> 00:16:23,410
799
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุตุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุบูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ ุจุถุฑุงุช
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:23,410 --> 00:16:30,840
803
+ ุจุตูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠุด reflectionูู‡ูŠ ุฃู…ุง ุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:30,840 --> 00:16:35,480
807
+ reflection ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ transmission ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุฑ ููŠ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:35,480 --> 00:16:38,860
811
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูุงุฉ ุงู„ X-ray ุฃู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุตูˆุฑ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:38,860 --> 00:16:46,020
815
+ ุงู„ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ X-ray ุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌ ุจุชุงุนุชูƒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ุฃู†ุณุฌ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:46,020 --> 00:16:51,500
819
+ ุนุถู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูŠุด ุฃู†ุณุฌ .. ู†ุณูŠุฌ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:51,500 --> 00:16:54,680
823
+ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู†ุณูŠุฌ ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุนุชูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ู ูุงู†ุช
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:54,680 --> 00:17:00,080
827
+ ุจุชุดูˆู ุตูˆุฑุฉูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ NDH
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:00,080 --> 00:17:06,960
831
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠู„ู… ุญุณุงุณ .. ุญุณุงุณ ู„ู‡ุง ูุฃู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุฏู‡ ุฎู„ุช
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:06,960 --> 00:17:11,740
835
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุจุณุท ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ intensity
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:11,740 --> 00:17:17,770
839
+ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌุฃูˆ scattered ุงุญู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ููŠ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:17,770 --> 00:17:23,550
843
+ ุงู„ course ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุนู†ูŠูŠู† ุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ x-ray ุงู„ู„ูŠ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:23,550 --> 00:17:28,090
847
+ ุจุชู†ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ scattered x-ray ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุนูƒุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุญู†ุง
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:28,090 --> 00:17:32,730
851
+ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:32,730 --> 00:17:39,140
855
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู‡ู…ูˆุง ุงู„ x-ray ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุฎุชุฑู‚ุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุฑู‚ุฉุทุจุนุง
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:39,140 --> 00:17:43,900
859
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุตู„ุท ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ x-ray ู…ุด ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ููŠ ุฌุฒุก
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:43,900 --> 00:17:49,420
863
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูŠุญุตู„ู‡ุง scattering ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:49,420 --> 00:17:54,920
867
+ ุงู„ูู† ุงู„ุฃุดุนุนูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุงุจุณ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุตูˆุฑ ุจูŠุทู„ุนุจู†ูุนุด ู„ุฅู†
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:54,920 --> 00:17:58,920
871
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชุฃุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ู„ูŠุด ูŠู„ุจุณูŠู„ู‡ุง scattering ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:58,920 --> 00:18:02,140
875
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ูˆ ู„ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ ุณุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุนู…ู„ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฒูŠูƒ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:02,140 --> 00:18:05,880
879
+ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ุงุชุนุฑุถ ..ุจู†ูุนุด ุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ู„ุฅู† ู…ู…ูƒู†
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:05,880 --> 00:18:10,080
883
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุณู„ุทุงู†ุงุช ูˆููŠ ุทุจุนุง ุชู… ุฑุตุฏ ุญุงู„ุงุช
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:10,080 --> 00:18:16,380
887
+ ู„ู„ุณู„ุทุงู† ู„ู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ููŠ ุฃู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ course
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:16,380 --> 00:18:21,100
891
+ ุจุชุงุนู†ุง ู…ุงู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ scattered x-ray ุงู„ุขู†
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:22,810 --> 00:18:28,850
895
+ ุงู„ scattered x-ray ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุงู„ู…ู†ุนูƒุณุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:28,850 --> 00:18:37,290
899
+ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุชุฏุงุฎู„ ุจู†ุงุก ุงูˆ ุชุฏุงุฎู„ ู‡ุฏุงู… ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุทู„ุน
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:37,290 --> 00:18:45,130
903
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง wave ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู‡ูŠ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:45,130 --> 00:18:49,210
907
+ wave ุงุชู†ูŠู† wave ุงุชู†ูŠู†
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:53,100 --> 00:18:57,920
911
+ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ .. ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ูุณุฑ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ..
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:57,920 --> 00:19:01,100
915
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:01,100 --> 00:19:07,240
919
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุงุทู„ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู†ุฒูˆู„ุฉ ุฏู‡ุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู…ู…ุซู„ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:07,240 --> 00:19:13,400
923
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† .. ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชู…ุดูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ุงู„
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:13,400 --> 00:19:17,560
927
+ intensity ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุจุชู‚ู„ ูˆ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ .. ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ู„
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:17,560 --> 00:19:21,760
931
+ sinusoidal functionูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุถูˆุก
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:21,760 --> 00:19:28,400
935
+ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุถูˆุก ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุถูˆุก ู…ุทููŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ .. ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:28,400 --> 00:19:35,520
939
+ ุฅุถุงุกุฉ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุฎูุท ุจุชุดุชุฏ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูƒุณ ูˆ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:35,520 --> 00:19:40,380
943
+ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูุงู†ุช ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ intensity ู…ุด ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:40,380 --> 00:19:45,760
947
+ ู…ุงุดูŠุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ two waves wave one ูˆ wave two
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:45,760 --> 00:19:51,920
951
+ ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุงู„ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุงู„
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:51,920 --> 00:19:55,500
955
+ phase angle ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ phase angle ูŠุนู†ูŠ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:55,500 --> 00:19:59,040
959
+ ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ู…ุฒุงุญูŠู† multiple ู…ู† ุงู„ lambda ูŠุนู†ูŠ n lambda
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:59,040 --> 00:20:03,600
963
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ n ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:03,600 --> 00:20:07,800
967
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ maximum ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† maximum ู„ู…ุง
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:07,800 --> 00:20:10,480
971
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ minimum ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† minimum maximum maximum
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:12,380 --> 00:20:15,920
975
+ ุจูŠุฌู…ุนูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏูˆุง ุจุนุถุŒ ู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌู‡
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:15,920 --> 00:20:19,420
979
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ intensity ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:19,420 --> 00:20:23,080
983
+ wave ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ุฏ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:23,080 --> 00:20:28,560
987
+ constructive interference ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฏุงุฎู„ ุจู†ุงุก ูู„ู…ุง
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:28,560 --> 00:20:32,100
991
+ ุชุฏุงุฎู„ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ุซู„ุง ุชุฎูŠู„ hundred wave ุงูˆ ุงู„ู wave ุงูˆ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:32,100 --> 00:20:35,480
995
+ ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ wave ุจุชุทู„ุนูˆุง intensity ุนุงู„ูŠ ุชุฌู…ุนูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:35,480 --> 00:20:38,600
999
+ ู‡ุฏ ุจูŠุณู…ุน constructive interference
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:42,160 --> 00:20:45,120
1003
+ Destructive interference ุชุฎูŠู„ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏุช
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:45,120 --> 00:20:49,900
1007
+ scattering event ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู†ุนูƒุณุช ูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู†ุนูƒุณุช ุฃุฌูˆุง ุนูƒุณ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:49,900 --> 00:20:53,380
1011
+ ุจุนุถ ู„ู…ุง
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:53,380 --> 00:20:57,580
1015
+ ุฃุฌู…ุน ู‡ุฐูŠ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐูŠ ุดูˆ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจู„ุบูˆุง ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุนูƒุณ ู‡ุฐูŠ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:57,580 --> 00:21:00,460
1019
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุณุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจู„ุบูˆุง ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐูŠ ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ ุจู„ุบูˆุง
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:00,460 --> 00:21:07,620
1023
+ ุจุนุถ ุจุทู„ุน ููŠ ุงู„ุดูˆุงูŠู ู…ุงุดูˆูุด ุฅุดูŠ ุฃู†ุง interested ููŠ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:07,620 --> 00:21:09,780
1027
+ ุงู„ constructive interference
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:14,060 --> 00:21:20,520
1031
+ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ู‰ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูู‰
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:20,520 --> 00:21:26,460
1035
+ ุฃุดุนุฉ ุตู„ุทุชู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ theta ูู‰
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:26,460 --> 00:21:31,780
1039
+ ุฃุดุนุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุชูƒูˆู† ุญุฒุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฌู‰
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:31,780 --> 00:21:39,480
1043
+ ุดูˆุนุนุฉ ูŠุฌู‰ ุฒู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุดูˆุนุนุฉ ูŠุถู„ูˆุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ุงูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุด
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:39,480 --> 00:21:47,120
1047
+ scattering ูŠุฎุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉุทูŠุจ ู‡ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุดูˆุนุฉ ู‡ูŠู† ู…ุดูŠ ุถุฑุจ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:47,120 --> 00:21:49,760
1051
+ ููŠ ุถุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ุถุฑุฉ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุงุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ ..
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:49,760 --> 00:21:55,080
1055
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุงูŠุด ู‡ุณูŠุฑู‡ุŸ ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:55,080 --> 00:21:58,920
1059
+ scattering ุงุฐุง ุฏุงุฎู„ ุจุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุซูŠุชุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู‡ diffraction
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:58,920 --> 00:22:02,940
1063
+ ุจุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ .. reflection ุจุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุซูŠุชุง ู„ูˆ ู‡ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:02,940 --> 00:22:06,160
1067
+ ุงู„ุดูˆุนุฉ ุฏู‡ ุงุฎุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุช ูˆ ู†ุฒู„ ุชุญุช
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:06,160 --> 00:22:10,000
1071
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆ ุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุช ู‡ุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:12,460 --> 00:22:15,840
1075
+ reflection reflection ู„ุงู† ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ุดูˆุนุฉ ู‡ุฏู‰ ู…ุงุดูŠ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:15,840 --> 00:22:25,340
1079
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ุดูˆุนุฉ ู‡ุฏู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:25,340 --> 00:22:28,840
1083
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูŠู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุดูˆุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:28,840 --> 00:22:35,160
1087
+ ุดูˆุนุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏู‰ ู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุดูŠ ..
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:35,160 --> 00:22:40,700
1091
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏู‰ .. ู‡ุฏู‰ ูˆ ู‡ุฏู‰ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠู…ู† P ุนู„ู‰ S ู‡ูŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:40,700 --> 00:22:45,980
1095
+ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูˆ ู…ู† P ู„ T ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุดุนุงุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:45,980 --> 00:22:51,580
1099
+ ู…ู† ู…ุณุงูุฉ SQ ูˆ QT ุงุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ุงุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุงูˆู„
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:51,580 --> 00:22:58,240
1103
+ ุงู„ุง ุงู† ุงู„ SQ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุตูุฑ ุงู„ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:58,240 --> 00:23:04,180
1107
+ ู‡ูŠ D ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุซุชุง ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุซุชุง ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุณุนูŠู†
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:04,180 --> 00:23:07,380
1111
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุซุชุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ SQ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:08,300 --> 00:23:14,220
1115
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุฏูŠ ุตูŠู† ุซูŠุชุง ูˆ QT ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:14,220 --> 00:23:20,480
1119
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฏูŠ ุตูŠู† ุซูŠุชุง ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ constructive
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:20,480 --> 00:23:26,900
1123
+ interference ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ SQ ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ QT ุชูƒูˆู† multiple
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:26,900 --> 00:23:32,780
1127
+ integer ู…ู† Lambda N ููŠ Lambda N ููŠ Lambda ูŠุนู†ูŠ SQ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:32,780 --> 00:23:39,300
1131
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ constructive interferenceotherwise ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:39,300 --> 00:23:45,080
1135
+ destructive interference ุงูˆ ุฌุฒุก constructive ุงู‡
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:45,080 --> 00:23:53,400
1139
+ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุงู‡ ูุงู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ sq sq
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:53,400 --> 00:23:57,580
1143
+ ุฒุงุฏ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:57,580 --> 00:24:02,660
1147
+ qt ุนุดุงู†
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:02,660 --> 00:24:07,830
1151
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ constructive interferenceู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† N ููŠ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:07,830 --> 00:24:12,530
1155
+ Lambda N ููŠ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆุงู„ู€ N ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:12,530 --> 00:24:19,690
1159
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ integer ุงู„ SQ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:19,690 --> 00:24:30,130
1163
+ D Sin Theta ุฒุงุฆุฏ D Sin Theta ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:30,130 --> 00:24:37,830
1167
+ ุงู†ุง ุงูƒูˆู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† D Sin Thetaุจุณ ุงู†ูู„ุงู†ุฏ ู‡ุฏ ู…ุณุชู…ุนุงุด
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:37,830 --> 00:24:41,830
1171
+ ุจุฑุงุฌุฒ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:41,830 --> 00:24:48,630
1175
+ low ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ condition ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:48,630 --> 00:24:54,750
1179
+ constructive interference ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุนูƒุณุฉ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:54,750 --> 00:24:59,970
1183
+ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุจุนุถ ุจุชุชุฌู…ุน ุงู„ amplitude ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูู„ูˆ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:59,970 --> 00:25:04,100
1187
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฅุถุงุกุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฏุง
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:04,100 --> 00:25:08,580
1191
+ ู„ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏูˆุง ุจุนุถ otherwise ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ destructive
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:08,580 --> 00:25:14,400
1195
+ interference ููŠ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:14,400 --> 00:25:19,300
1199
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ cubic
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:19,300 --> 00:25:23,560
1203
+ unit cells ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ inter atomic spacing ู…ุซู„ุง ุจูŠู†
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:23,560 --> 00:25:26,120
1207
+ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุนุงุฆู„ุชู‡ุง
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:28,360 --> 00:25:34,120
1211
+ H ูˆK ูˆL ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ indices ู‡ุช HKL ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ HKL ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:34,120 --> 00:25:38,560
1215
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณูุฑ ุงูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณูุฑ ุณูุฑ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ D ุจูŠู†
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:38,560 --> 00:25:44,140
1219
+ ู…ุณุชูˆุงุชู‡ุง ุฏูŠ HKL ู…ุนุทูˆู„ุฉ ู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู‡ูŠ A node ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:44,140 --> 00:25:51,980
1223
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ H ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุฒุงุฏ K ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุฒุงุฏ L ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ HK ูˆ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:51,980 --> 00:25:56,290
1227
+ L ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ indices ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉุงู„ุงู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:56,290 --> 00:26:04,130
1231
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ lattice parameter ู…ุซุงู„
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:26:04,130 --> 00:26:08,590
1235
+ calculate the distance between adjacent one one
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:08,590 --> 00:26:15,630
1239
+ one planes ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฏู‡ ู†ุญุณุจ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:26:15,630 --> 00:26:22,750
1243
+ ุฏูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ in gold ุงู„ material gold
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:26:28,590 --> 00:26:34,310
1247
+ which has a lattice parameter ุงู„ุงู†ูˆุฏ ุจุณุชูˆู‰
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:34,310 --> 00:26:44,310
1251
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูˆู†ุช ุณูุฑ ุณุจุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุฃู†ุฌุณุชุฑูˆู† ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ D
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:44,310 --> 00:26:45,370
1255
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏุงุด ุฃุณุชูˆู‰
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:48,220 --> 00:26:55,820
1259
+ A node ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ point oh ุณุจุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:55,820 --> 00:27:02,340
1263
+ ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠุงุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠุงุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:27:02,340 --> 00:27:11,860
1267
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ point ุณุจุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:27:13,800 --> 00:27:17,860
1271
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฑูŠู† ู…ุณุชูˆูŠูŠู† ู…ุชุชุงุจุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:27:17,860 --> 00:27:27,740
1275
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทุจุนุง
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:27,740 --> 00:27:33,740
1279
+ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุชุฎูŠู„ ุงุนู…ู„ ุนูŠู†ุฉ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:33,740 --> 00:27:38,520
1283
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ุญุจุชูŠู† ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู… ุฑู…ู„ุชูŠู† ุญุจุชูŠู†
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:27:38,520 --> 00:27:43,360
1287
+ ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ ุงูˆ ุญุจุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง crystal ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:27:43,360 --> 00:27:49,220
1291
+ crystal ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุตู„ู‘ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฏูŠ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:27:49,220 --> 00:27:53,820
1295
+ reflection ู…ู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุนูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃูƒู… reflection ู…ู†
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:27:53,820 --> 00:27:57,880
1299
+ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุนูŠู† ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:57,880 --> 00:28:02,060
1303
+ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ุฑุงู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ุฑุงูŠุชู‡ุงุŸ ุงูˆ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:28:02,060 --> 00:28:07,900
1307
+ ุฌุณู‡ุงุŸ ุตุนุจ ูุดูˆ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ู‡ูˆุŸ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:28:07,900 --> 00:28:13,900
1311
+ ู†ุนู…ุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑููƒุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุงู„ crystals ู„ุฅู†ู‡
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:28:13,900 --> 00:28:16,680
1315
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ุงู†ุช ุญุท ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ ุญุท ูˆุตูŠู† ุตุญู†
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:28:16,680 --> 00:28:22,840
1319
+ ููŠู‡ ุทุญูŠู† .. ุทุญูŠู† ู†ุนู… ุฌุฏุง ุงุนุชุจุฑ ูƒู„ ุญุจุฉ ุทุญูŠู† ู„ุญุงู„ู‡
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:28:22,840 --> 00:28:26,560
1323
+ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง crystal ูู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ crystals ู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:28:26,560 --> 00:28:31,980
1327
+ ุชูˆุฌู‡ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู† ุจุนุถ ูู„ู…ุง ุฃุตู„ุช ุฃุดุนุฉ ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:28:31,980 --> 00:28:36,800
1331
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ reflections ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ุชุชุฌู…ุน ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:28:36,800 --> 00:28:40,600
1335
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ constructive interference ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุฌุณู‡ุง ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:28:40,600 --> 00:28:46,040
1339
+ .. ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุฌุณู‡ุง ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุทู„ู‚ ุงู†ุง ุชูˆุญุฏ ู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู†
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:28:46,040 --> 00:28:50,020
1343
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ amplitude ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ุนุงู„ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูุงู†ุง
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:28:50,020 --> 00:28:53,560
1347
+ ุงูŠุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุฌุณู‡ุง ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆุง .. ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนูŠู†
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:28:53,560 --> 00:28:59,020
1351
+ ุน ุดูƒู„ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ .. ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ ู†ุนู…ุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฐุง ุจุชูุญุต
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:28:59,020 --> 00:29:02,620
1355
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† .. ุจู†ูุนุด ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุชู„ุฉ ุตู„ุจุฉุŒ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:29:02,620 --> 00:29:11,300
1359
+ ุน ุดูƒู„ ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุญุทู‡ุง
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:29:11,300 --> 00:29:16,620
1363
+ ุจุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงุณู…ู‡ X-ray diffractometer X-ray
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:29:16,620 --> 00:29:22,580
1367
+ diffractometer ุงู„ X-ray diffractometer ุจูŠุญุทู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‰
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:29:22,580 --> 00:29:27,180
1371
+ ุงู„ sample ู‡ู†ุง ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุทู„ู‚
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:29:27,180 --> 00:29:35,020
1375
+ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุจูŠุณู„ุท ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ูŠุงุดุนู„ู‰
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:29:35,020 --> 00:29:40,880
1379
+ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠู‡ detector ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชู„ู
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:29:40,880 --> 00:29:48,880
1383
+ ุงุฐุง ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจุชู„ู theta ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุชู„ู ุงูŠู‡ุŸ two theta ุจุชู„ู
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:29:48,880 --> 00:29:54,960
1387
+ two theta ูู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ูŠู† .. ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ beam ู„ูŠุด two
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:29:54,960 --> 00:30:02,380
1391
+ thetaุŸ ู…ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† Bragg's law ู‡ุงูŠ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:30:02,380 --> 00:30:07,950
1395
+ theta ูˆ thetaูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงุจุน ุจูŠู† ุงู„ incident beam ูˆ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:30:07,950 --> 00:30:12,090
1399
+ ุงู„ diffractive beam ู…ุด theta two theta ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:30:12,090 --> 00:30:16,910
1403
+ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ู†ุนู…
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:30:16,910 --> 00:30:22,470
1407
+ ุงู„ุงู†
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:30:22,470 --> 00:30:28,970
1411
+ ุตุญ ูƒู„ุงู…ูƒ ุจุณ ุงู†ุช ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุดู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ sign ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:30:28,970 --> 00:30:32,870
1415
+ sign ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:30:34,430 --> 00:30:39,610
1419
+ ูุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† theta ุนุดุงู† ุฏุฎู„ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:30:39,610 --> 00:30:45,530
1423
+ ู„ู„ุฑุงุจุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ูู‡ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุจู„ู theta ู‡ูˆ ุจุญุท ุชุฑุณ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:30:45,530 --> 00:30:53,710
1427
+ ุชุฑุณ ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฑุงูƒุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฑุณ ุชุฑุณ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุฑุณ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:30:53,710 --> 00:31:00,650
1431
+ ุถุนู ูุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูˆ .. ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุฑุณ ูƒุจูŠุฑูˆ ู‡ุชุฑุณ ู‚ุทุฑ ุถุนูŠู
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:31:00,650 --> 00:31:04,510
1435
+ ูุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู„ู ุซูŠุชุง ูู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู„ู ุงูŠุดุŸ two theta
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:31:05,670 --> 00:31:09,070
1439
+ ูุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ incident ูˆ ุงู„ reflected ุจุชูƒูˆู† two
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:31:09,070 --> 00:31:10,750
1443
+ theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:31:10,750 --> 00:31:11,210
1447
+ incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:31:11,210 --> 00:31:11,770
1451
+ incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:31:11,770 --> 00:31:12,610
1455
+ theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:31:12,610 --> 00:31:13,470
1459
+ incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:31:13,470 --> 00:31:13,910
1463
+ theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:31:13,910 --> 00:31:13,930
1467
+ theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:31:13,930 --> 00:31:17,310
1471
+ incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:31:17,310 --> 00:31:21,470
1475
+ theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:31:21,470 --> 00:31:28,050
1479
+ theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:31:28,050 --> 00:31:32,450
1483
+ incident ู‡ูˆ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:31:32,930 --> 00:31:36,610
1487
+ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุชุฏุงุฎู„ุช ูˆุงุชูˆุญุฏุช ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:31:36,610 --> 00:31:45,590
1491
+ intensity ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:31:45,590 --> 00:31:51,830
1495
+ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู„ู‡ constructive interference ุงู„ุงุดุนุฉ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:31:51,830 --> 00:31:55,610
1499
+ ุงุชูˆุญุฏุช ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุชุชุง ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:31:55,610 --> 00:32:00,050
1503
+ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุงุฏูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุดู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงุชูˆุญุฏุช ู‡ู†ุง
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:32:00,050 --> 00:32:03,290
1507
+ constructive interferenceู‡ูŠู† ุชูˆุญุฏุช ู‡ูŠู† constructed
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:32:03,290 --> 00:32:07,870
1511
+ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุดุจุท ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ intensity ุตุงุฑ
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:32:07,870 --> 00:32:11,850
1515
+ ุชูˆุญุฏ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุดุนุงุฑ ูููŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุตุงุฑ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:32:11,850 --> 00:32:14,910
1519
+ constructive interference
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:32:31,290 --> 00:32:36,990
1523
+ ู‡ู†ุนุชุจุฑ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู„ุฏูŠ ู„ุงู…ุจุฏุง ู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:32:36,990 --> 00:32:42,610
1527
+ ู…ุนูŠู† ูŠุณุชูˆู‰ 2DHKL
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:32:42,610 --> 00:32:46,030
1531
+ SIN ฮธ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:32:49,040 --> 00:32:58,220
1535
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ D HKL ู‡ูŠุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ุณุชูˆู‰ HKL ุณูˆุงุก A ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:32:58,220 --> 00:33:04,700
1539
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฅู„ู‰ H ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ K ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ L ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฎุฏู†ุง
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:33:04,700 --> 00:33:12,660
1543
+ ู†ุนูˆุถ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุญุงุณู ุฃู† ุฏูŠ Lambda ุจุณูˆุก 2 ููŠ A ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:33:12,660 --> 00:33:21,330
1547
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนุงู„ู€ H ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ K ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ L ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:33:21,330 --> 00:33:28,730
1551
+ Sin ุซุชุง ุฃุฑุจุน ุงู„ุฌู‡ุชูŠู† ุญุงุณุจ ุงู† ุฏูŠ Lambda ุชุฑุจูŠุน
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:33:28,730 --> 00:33:40,110
1555
+ ุจุงู„ุณูˆุงุก ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ H ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ K ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:33:40,110 --> 00:33:48,020
1559
+ L ุชุฑุจูŠุน Sin ุชุฑุจูŠุนฮธ ุงู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฑุจุน ุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู„ุงู…ุถู‰
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:33:48,020 --> 00:34:01,480
1563
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฑุจุน ุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุซู… ุตูŠู† ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุซุชุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชุด
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:34:01,480 --> 00:34:09,320
1567
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ ูƒ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู„ุงู† ุงู„ู„ุงู…ุถู‰ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู†ุง
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:34:09,320 --> 00:34:14,090
1571
+ ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุดุนุด ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุทูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ุซุงุจุชูˆุงู„
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:34:14,090 --> 00:34:16,150
1575
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุญุช ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ lattice
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:34:16,150 --> 00:34:19,530
1579
+ parameter ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุซุงุจุช ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ term ู‡ุฐุง
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:34:19,530 --> 00:34:28,750
1583
+ ุซุงุจุช constant ุงุญู†ุง
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:34:28,750 --> 00:34:30,190
1587
+ ุงู„ reflection ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:34:33,940 --> 00:34:45,360
1591
+ ูˆ ุงู„ H ูˆ ุงู„ K ูˆ ุงู„ L ุจุชู…ุซู„ ุงู„ indices ู„ู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:34:45,360 --> 00:34:54,180
1595
+ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ reflection ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:34:54,180 --> 00:34:56,660
1599
+ reflection ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:34:56,660 --> 00:35:00,000
1603
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฎู…ุณ ูˆ ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุนุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุด ูˆ ู†ุต
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:35:04,010 --> 00:35:11,450
1607
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฏูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฏุฑ ู…ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ hkl ุนุดุงู† ู„ูˆ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:35:11,450 --> 00:35:17,130
1611
+ ุฒูˆุฏุช ุงู„ theta ุฑูˆุญุช ุน ุงู„ second reflection ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:35:17,130 --> 00:35:22,350
1615
+ theta ุทุจุนุง ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฏู‡ constant ุงุฒูˆุฏุช ุงู„ุจุณุท
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:35:22,350 --> 00:35:30,060
1619
+ ุงูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:35:30,060 --> 00:35:36,540
1623
+ indices H ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุฒ ูƒุชุฑ ุฒ ุฃู„ุชุฑ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูŠุดุŸ ุฃุนู„ู‰
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:35:36,540 --> 00:35:39,060
1627
+ ูˆ ุฑูˆุญุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ constructive
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:35:39,060 --> 00:35:47,300
1631
+ interference ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:35:47,300 --> 00:35:50,920
1635
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ flexure ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:35:50,920 --> 00:35:55,670
1639
+ H ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุฒ ูƒุชุฑ ุฒ ุฃู„ุชุฑ ุจุชุงุนูƒุฃุนู„ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ุงุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:35:55,670 --> 00:36:01,270
1643
+ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ constant ุงู„ุงู†
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:36:01,270 --> 00:36:05,190
1647
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cubic unit cells ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cubic
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:36:05,190 --> 00:36:18,030
1651
+ unit cells ุงู„ุงู†
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:36:18,030 --> 00:36:21,230
1655
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูุฑุถ ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ cubic unit cell ุจุณ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:36:21,230 --> 00:36:28,560
1659
+ ุงู†ุง ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠsimil cubic ูˆ ู„ุง BCC ูˆ ู„ุง FCC ููŠ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:36:28,560 --> 00:36:38,520
1663
+ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ูƒู„ all hkl ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู‰
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:36:38,520 --> 00:36:46,340
1667
+ simil cubic ุจุชุนู…ู„ constructive interference ู„ูˆ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:36:46,340 --> 00:36:51,370
1671
+ ูƒุงู†ุช BCCุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ reflections ุฃูˆ ุงู„ construction
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:36:51,370 --> 00:36:55,070
1675
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ .. ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ H ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ K ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:36:55,070 --> 00:37:02,430
1679
+ ุงู„ L ุฑู‚ู… ุฒูˆุฌูŠ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช FCC ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:37:02,430 --> 00:37:12,930
1683
+ FCC ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ indices ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูุฑุฏูŠ ุงูˆ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุฒูˆุฌูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:37:12,930 --> 00:37:14,970
1687
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง reflection ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงูŠุด
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:37:14,970 --> 00:37:21,330
1691
+ reflection ุงู†ุง ุทุจุนุง .. ุงู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ ุชุฌุฑุจุฉุนูุฑุถ ุงู†ุง ู…ุด
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:37:21,330 --> 00:37:24,850
1695
+ ุนุงุฑู ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ .. ุงู„ crystal structure
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:37:24,850 --> 00:37:28,170
1699
+ ุจุณ ุงู†ุง ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ cubic ุจุณ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ BCC ูˆ ู„ุง
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:37:28,170 --> 00:37:37,610
1703
+ ุงู„ FCC ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูˆุฑูˆุง ุจุญุท ูƒู„ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ู„ู„
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:37:37,610 --> 00:37:41,770
1707
+ H ูˆ ุงู„ K ูˆ ุงู„ L ู„ู„ู…ุณุชูˆุงุช one zero zero one one
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:37:41,770 --> 00:37:45,870
1711
+ zero one one one ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตูุฑ ุตูุฑ one zero two one
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:37:45,870 --> 00:37:48,290
1715
+ one two ุงุชู†ูŠู† zero two ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:37:51,440 --> 00:37:55,860
1719
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุจู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ H
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:37:55,860 --> 00:37:59,800
1723
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ K ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ L ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:37:59,800 --> 00:38:04,560
1727
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ ุณูุฑ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงุดูุช ุทูŠู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:38:04,560 --> 00:38:08,740
1731
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ ุณูุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:38:08,740 --> 00:38:13,500
1735
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงุชูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ ุตูุฑ
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:38:13,500 --> 00:38:17,780
1739
+ ุฒุงุฏ ุตูุฑ ุงุฑุจุนุฉูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชุฑุจูŠุน
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:38:17,780 --> 00:38:27,220
1743
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ู„ุงู† ุจุฑุชุจ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุทุจู‚ุง ุชุตุนูŠุฏูŠุง ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ H
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:38:27,220 --> 00:38:30,420
1747
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒูŠ ูƒุชุฑ ุฒูŠ ุฃู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑุชุจูŠู‡ ุงู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:38:30,420 --> 00:38:34,960
1751
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงูƒุชุจู‡ู… ู…ูƒุชุจู‡ู… ู…ุด ุจุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุงู„ุตุญ ุจุณ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:38:34,960 --> 00:38:39,000
1755
+ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ู… ุจุฑุชุจู‡ู… ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุชุตุนูŠุฏูŠ ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน H ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒูŠ
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:38:39,000 --> 00:38:47,310
1759
+ ูƒุชุฑ ุฒูŠ ุฃู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู†ุง ู…ุฑุชุจู‡ ุฌุงู‡ุฒ ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุงููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:38:47,310 --> 00:38:53,890
1763
+ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ material simple cubic ูƒู„ ุงู„ h,k ูˆ ุงู„ l
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:38:53,890 --> 00:38:58,330
1767
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ constructive interference ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:38:58,330 --> 00:39:03,700
1771
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†ุงู„ู€ first constructive interference ู„ูˆ
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:39:03,700 --> 00:39:08,000
1775
+ ูƒุงู† ุณูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุฆุฑุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:39:08,000 --> 00:39:13,160
1779
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุจุณ ุฎู„ุงู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู…ู„ุงุญุธ
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:39:13,160 --> 00:39:15,900
1783
+ ู…ู„ุงุญุธ ุงูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุงุดุชุฑุจูŠุฒุฉ
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:39:15,900 --> 00:39:20,400
1787
+ ุงู„ูƒุชุฑุจูŠุฒุฉ ุงู„ูƒุชุฑุจูŠุฒุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:39:20,400 --> 00:39:28,440
1791
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุงุดูŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ุชุจุน ููŠ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุชุณุนุฉ
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:39:28,440 --> 00:39:29,500
1795
+ ุงูˆ ุชุณุนุฉ
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:39:32,980 --> 00:39:39,140
1799
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉุŒ ุงุญุฏุงุดุŒ ุงุชู†ุงุดุŒ ุชู„ุชุงุดุŒ ุงุฑุจุนุชุงุด
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:39:39,140 --> 00:39:47,720
1803
+ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ุณูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ุณูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:39:47,720 --> 00:39:53,860
1807
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ H ูˆ ุงู„ K ูˆ ุงู„ I ุฅูŠุด even ุทูŠุจ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุฌู…ุน
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:39:53,860 --> 00:40:00,960
1811
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ even ูˆู„ุง oddู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุด ู‡ูƒูˆู†
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:40:00,960 --> 00:40:04,980
1815
+ ููŠู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช BCC ู…ุด ู‡ูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ูˆ ุชุนู…ู„
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:40:04,980 --> 00:40:07,340
1819
+ constructive interference ุทูŠุจ ู†ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฏ
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:40:07,340 --> 00:40:11,320
1823
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฏ ุตูุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ first
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:40:11,320 --> 00:40:16,660
1827
+ construction parameter ุงูˆ ุงู„ first plane ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:40:16,660 --> 00:40:20,160
1831
+ ู†ุณุชูŠู‚ุธ ุนู„ูŠู‡ constructive interference ู†ุฌู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:40:20,160 --> 00:40:27,100
1835
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ูุฑุฏ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ fish ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒุงุฏ
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:40:27,100 --> 00:40:32,840
1839
+ ุตุฑู ุฒูˆุฌูŠู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ second ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:40:32,840 --> 00:40:37,920
1843
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุญ ู„ูŠู‡ constructive interference ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:40:37,920 --> 00:40:43,620
1847
+ material BCC ุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠ ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:40:43,620 --> 00:40:45,420
1851
+ odd ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ fish
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:40:48,590 --> 00:40:52,190
1855
+ ุงู„ุจุนุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฒูˆุฌุฉ
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:40:52,190 --> 00:40:56,070
1859
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ third plane ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ู‡
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:40:56,070 --> 00:41:00,170
1863
+ constructive interference ุทูŠุจ ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ุจุนุฏุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:41:00,170 --> 00:41:10,950
1867
+ ุฒูŠ ุตูุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุฒุง ุตูุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:41:10,950 --> 00:41:15,670
1871
+ ุฒุง ุตูุฑ ุฒุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒูˆุฌูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ fourth plane
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:41:15,670 --> 00:41:18,550
1875
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ constructive interference ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:41:18,550 --> 00:41:24,010
1879
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุญู‚ู‚ ุนู†ุฏู‡ Bragg's law ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒุง
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:41:24,010 --> 00:41:32,920
1883
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฑุจุน ุฒุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฎู…ุณุฉ ูุฑุฏุฉ ูุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฒูŠ
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:41:32,920 --> 00:41:36,060
1887
+ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡ ูุฑุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:41:36,060 --> 00:41:36,920
1891
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:41:36,920 --> 00:41:37,300
1895
+ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:41:37,300 --> 00:41:37,440
1899
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:41:37,440 --> 00:41:37,600
1903
+ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:41:37,600 --> 00:41:37,920
1907
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:41:37,920 --> 00:41:39,140
1911
+ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:41:39,140 --> 00:41:45,520
1915
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:41:45,520 --> 00:41:56,060
1919
+ ุงู„ุณ
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:41:57,310 --> 00:42:01,310
1923
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุชุฉ ุฒูˆุฌูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:42:01,310 --> 00:42:05,430
1927
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ constructive
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:42:05,430 --> 00:42:10,190
1931
+ interference ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช BCC ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงุชุณุงูุฑ
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:42:10,190 --> 00:42:15,200
1935
+ ุฒูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูุฑุฏูŠ ุจุธุจุทุดุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ุชู„ุงุช ุฒูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:42:15,200 --> 00:42:18,840
1939
+ ุณุช ู„ุณู‡ ูˆุฌุจุงู†ุงุช ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณุงุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:42:18,840 --> 00:42:21,760
1943
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ constructive interference ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:42:21,760 --> 00:42:27,580
1947
+ material PCC ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ FCC ู‡ูŠ ุงู…ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ HQL ูƒู„ู‡ู… odd
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:42:27,580 --> 00:42:34,100
1951
+ ุงูˆ ูƒู„ู‡ู… even ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ zero ู‡ุนุชุจุฑู‡ even ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ zero
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:42:34,100 --> 00:42:41,320
1955
+ ุจูŠู‚ุจู„ ู‚ุณู…ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุทูŠุจ ู†ุชุทู„ุน ูƒู„ู‡ู… odd
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:42:41,320 --> 00:42:48,630
1959
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŸู‡ุฐุง odd ูˆู‡ุฐุง even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด constructive
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:42:48,630 --> 00:42:53,790
1963
+ interference ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ crystal FCC ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ odd ..
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:42:53,790 --> 00:42:57,910
1967
+ odd .. even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ุฃ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูƒู„ู‡ู… odd ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:42:57,910 --> 00:43:02,830
1971
+ ุงู„ first plane ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตุจุญ constructive interference
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:43:02,830 --> 00:43:04,490
1975
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญู‚ู‚ Bragg's law
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:43:07,810 --> 00:43:12,970
1979
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ second plane ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:43:12,970 --> 00:43:16,250
1983
+ ู†ุฑุงู‡ constructive interference ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† FCC ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:43:16,250 --> 00:43:23,870
1987
+ odd ูˆ ููŠู‡ even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุงู†ูุนุด ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ูƒู„ู‡
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:43:23,870 --> 00:43:32,530
1991
+ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุตุญุŸ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ .. ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงู†ูุนุด ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:43:32,530 --> 00:43:37,280
1995
+ ู…ุงู†ูุนุด ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ thirdplane ู…ู…ูƒู†
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:43:37,280 --> 00:43:40,580
1999
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ constructive interference ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ even
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:43:40,580 --> 00:43:49,460
2003
+ ูˆ odd ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจู†ูุนุด ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ odd ูˆ even ุจู†ูุนุด ู‡ู†ุง
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:43:49,460 --> 00:43:55,940
2007
+ odd ูˆ even ุจู†ูุนุด ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู„ู‡ odd ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ force
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:43:55,940 --> 00:43:58,360
2011
+ plane ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ constructive interference
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:44:00,830 --> 00:44:03,790
2015
+ ุทุจ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ fifth plane is
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:44:03,790 --> 00:44:06,250
2019
+ considered constructive interference ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:44:06,250 --> 00:44:11,970
2023
+ odd ูˆ even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจู†ูุนุด ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ odd ูˆ even ุจู†ูุนุด
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:44:11,970 --> 00:44:24,030
2027
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุทูŠุจ ู„ุณู‡ ููŠ ุงุดูŠ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู†
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:44:24,030 --> 00:44:27,470
2031
+ ุงุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุขู†
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:44:34,750 --> 00:44:45,150
2035
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูŠุนู†ู‰
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:44:45,150 --> 00:44:52,150
2039
+ ู‡ู‰ theta ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู‰ theta ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ู‰ theta ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุญุฏ
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:44:52,150 --> 00:44:59,150
2043
+ theta n ุงู„ุงู† ุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‰ sine square
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:45:04,620 --> 00:45:13,120
2047
+ ุซูŠุชุง ุนู„ู‰ H ุชุฑุจูŠุน K ุชุฑุจูŠุน ZL ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:45:13,120 --> 00:45:20,880
2051
+ constant ู…ุธู„ูˆุทุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ูˆ ุญูƒูŠุช ู‡ุฐู‡ theta one sign
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:45:20,880 --> 00:45:29,320
2055
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน theta ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุฎู„ูŠ ุงุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ indices ู„ู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฏู‡ H
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:45:29,320 --> 00:45:37,320
2059
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆK ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆL ูˆุงุญุฏุนู„ู‰ H1 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ K1 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:45:37,320 --> 00:45:45,300
2063
+ L1 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆู‡ุฐุง ฮธุชุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ sign ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุซุชุง
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:45:45,300 --> 00:45:55,400
2067
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ H2 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ K2 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ L2 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุฑุถู‡
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:45:55,400 --> 00:46:04,790
2071
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒู…ู„ุช ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ sign ุชุฑุจูŠุนtheta n ุนู„ู‰
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:46:04,790 --> 00:46:16,110
2075
+ hn ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ kn ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ ln ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ูˆ
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:46:16,110 --> 00:46:23,230
2079
+ ู‚ุณู…ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ sign theta
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:46:23,230 --> 00:46:27,590
2083
+ 2 ุนู„ู‰
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:46:27,590 --> 00:46:28,550
2087
+ ุงู„ sign ุชุฑุจูŠุน
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:46:50,970 --> 00:46:55,070
2091
+ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ุนุงุฑู
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:46:55,070 --> 00:47:00,320
2095
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ measured valuesู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:47:00,320 --> 00:47:07,740
2099
+ measured values ูุงู†ุช ุชุทู„ุน ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:47:07,740 --> 00:47:13,920
2103
+ ุฃุฎุฏ simple ุงูˆ FCC ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุญูƒูŠู‡ ู†ุงุฎุฏ FCC ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ FCC
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:47:13,920 --> 00:47:18,380
2107
+ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ first reflection ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ first reflection ูˆ
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:47:18,380 --> 00:47:23,260
2111
+ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ second reflection ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง .. ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจ
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:47:23,260 --> 00:47:26,480
2115
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุชุงุน ุงู„ second reflection ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:47:28,030 --> 00:47:30,650
2119
+ ูˆุงู„ second reflection ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงุด ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ ุฒู‰ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงูƒุงู…
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:47:30,650 --> 00:47:35,290
2123
+ ุชู„ุช ุงุฑุจุน ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุช ุงูƒุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏ
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:47:35,290 --> 00:47:41,390
2127
+ ูˆ ุชู„ุช ุตุญ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู„ุช ุทุจ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ first ุงู„ second
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:47:41,390 --> 00:47:45,650
2131
+ reflection ุงู„ semi cubic ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ first ุงุชู†ูŠู†
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:47:45,650 --> 00:47:51,950
2135
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ ratio ุตุญ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุทุจ ุงู„ BCC
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:47:51,950 --> 00:47:56,310
2139
+ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:47:57,240 --> 00:48:01,560
2143
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:48:01,560 --> 00:48:06,940
2147
+ BCC ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ ratio ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช FCC ุจูŠู† second
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:48:06,940 --> 00:48:11,960
2151
+ reflection ุงูˆ ู†ุญูƒูŠ second ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ jump second
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:48:11,960 --> 00:48:15,780
2155
+ reflection ูˆ ุงู„ first reflection ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:48:15,780 --> 00:48:20,620
2159
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ ratio ุจูŠู† second reflectionูˆ ุงู„ first
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:48:20,620 --> 00:48:24,080
2163
+ reflection ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุณู…ูƒ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ bcc ุจุชูƒูˆู†
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:48:24,080 --> 00:48:26,520
2167
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู†ุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ ratio ุจูŠู† ุงู„ second
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:48:26,520 --> 00:48:31,120
2171
+ reflection ูˆ ุงู„ first reflection ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:48:31,120 --> 00:48:37,060
2175
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ FCC ูˆุงุถุญ
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:48:37,060 --> 00:48:41,780
2179
+ ุทุจุนุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† FCC ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ ratio ุจูŠู† ุงู„ second
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:48:41,780 --> 00:48:46,740
2183
+ reflectionูˆุงู„ first reflection ููŠ ุงู„ semi cubic
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:48:46,740 --> 00:48:50,540
2187
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ ratio ุจูŠู† ุงู„ second reflection ูˆ ุงู„
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:48:50,540 --> 00:48:55,240
2191
+ first reflection ููŠ ุงู„ BCC ู‡ูŠ ุงุฑุจุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู†
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:48:55,240 --> 00:49:00,460
2195
+ ุงู…ูˆุฑ ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ุชู„ุงู† ุทูŠุจ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ third
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:49:00,460 --> 00:49:03,820
2199
+ reflection semi cubic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒุงู…
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:49:03,820 --> 00:49:11,700
2203
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ third reflection
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:49:11,700 --> 00:49:25,160
2207
+ ููŠ ุงู„ BCCู‡ูŠ ู‡ุง ุณุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:49:25,160 --> 00:49:30,460
2211
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ูƒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู„ุญุฏ ุชู„ุงู†ู‡ ุตุญุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุฎุฏ ุงู„
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:49:30,460 --> 00:49:34,380
2215
+ fourth reflection ููŠ ุงู„ุณู…ุฑ ูƒูŠุจูƒูŠ ู‡ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ fourth
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:49:34,380 --> 00:49:40,140
2219
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ fourth
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:49:40,140 --> 00:49:43,760
2223
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ BCC ู‡ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ fourth ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:49:44,540 --> 00:49:49,480
2227
+ ุนุงู„ first ูƒุงู…ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฑุจุน ุงุฑุจุน
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:49:49,480 --> 00:49:53,460
2231
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ู†ู…ูŠุฒ ุทูŠุจ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ fifth
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:49:53,460 --> 00:50:00,440
2235
+ reflection ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ fifth ููŠ ุงู„
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:50:00,440 --> 00:50:11,900
2239
+ BCC ุนุดุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณุฉ
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:50:14,080 --> 00:50:19,080
2243
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ simple cubic ุณุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุชุฉ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณ ู…ู†
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:50:19,080 --> 00:50:26,020
2247
+ ุงู„ BCC ู‡ูŠ ุงุชู†ุงุด ุน ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุชุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒ ุทูŠุจ ุฎุฏ
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:50:26,020 --> 00:50:33,840
2251
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ simple cubic ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:50:33,840 --> 00:50:41,960
2255
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ BCC ุณุจุนุฉ
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:50:44,030 --> 00:50:51,290
2259
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฑุจุนุชุงุด ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ seventh
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:50:51,290 --> 00:50:58,290
2263
+ reflection ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู…ูŠุฒู†ูŠ ุจุชู…ูŠุฒ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช sign ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฐุง
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:50:58,290 --> 00:51:07,630
2267
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู†ุฏูŠ sign ุงุฐุง
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:51:07,630 --> 00:51:16,970
2271
+ ูƒุงู†ุช sign ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงุชู‚ูŠุช ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุนู„ู‰ sign ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุชูŠุชุง
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:51:16,970 --> 00:51:20,790
2275
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:51:20,790 --> 00:51:24,530
2279
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:51:24,530 --> 00:51:24,790
2283
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:51:24,790 --> 00:51:25,950
2287
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:51:25,950 --> 00:51:26,830
2291
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:51:26,830 --> 00:51:27,330
2295
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:51:27,330 --> 00:51:31,750
2299
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:51:31,750 --> 00:51:42,510
2303
+ ุชู‚
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:51:42,620 --> 00:51:53,880
2307
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช sin ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุซูŠุชุง ุณุจุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ sin ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุซูŠุชุง
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:51:53,880 --> 00:52:02,060
2311
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณูŠู…ุจู„
2312
+
2313
+ 579
2314
+ 00:52:02,060 --> 00:52:11,060
2315
+ ูƒูŠูˆุจูƒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช sin ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุซูŠุชุง ุณุจุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ sin ุชุฑุจูŠุน
2316
+
2317
+ 580
2318
+ 00:52:13,080 --> 00:52:23,600
2319
+ ุซูŠุชุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณูˆู‰ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุณุจุนุฉ ูƒูˆู†
2320
+
2321
+ 581
2322
+ 00:52:23,600 --> 00:52:28,120
2323
+ ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ุณูŠ ุทูŠุจ
2324
+
2325
+ 582
2326
+ 00:52:28,120 --> 00:52:35,500
2327
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงุดูˆู ุงู„ example ุชุจุนู†ุง ุงู‡
2328
+
2329
+ 583
2330
+ 00:52:35,500 --> 00:52:41,160
2331
+ ุงู‡ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงุทู„ุน ู‡ุฐู‡
2332
+
2333
+ 584
2334
+ 00:52:44,180 --> 00:52:48,600
2335
+ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ .. ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ุณู„ุทู†ุง ุฃุดุนุฉ
2336
+
2337
+ 585
2338
+ 00:52:48,600 --> 00:52:53,100
2339
+ ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงุณุชู‚ุจู„ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ู†ุนูƒุณุฉ ูˆ ุทู„ุน ุงู„
2340
+
2341
+ 586
2342
+ 00:52:53,100 --> 00:52:56,920
2343
+ graph ู‡ุฐุง ุฑุณู… ุงู„ graph ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุนูƒุณุฉ ุทุจุนุง
2344
+
2345
+ 587
2346
+ 00:52:56,920 --> 00:52:59,840
2347
+ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ constructive interference ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2348
+
2349
+ 588
2350
+ 00:52:59,840 --> 00:53:03,100
2351
+ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุดุฏุช ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง constructive interference
2352
+
2353
+ 589
2354
+ 00:53:03,100 --> 00:53:04,720
2355
+ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง constructive interference ู„ุฃู† ุฏู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ฮธุชุง
2356
+
2357
+ 590
2358
+ 00:53:04,720 --> 00:53:08,920
2359
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุซุชุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุญูˆุงู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงุฑุจุน
2360
+
2361
+ 591
2362
+ 00:53:08,920 --> 00:53:10,980
2363
+ ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†
2364
+
2365
+ 592
2366
+ 00:53:13,830 --> 00:53:20,370
2367
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุชุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
2368
+
2369
+ 593
2370
+ 00:53:20,370 --> 00:53:27,550
2371
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ูุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2372
+
2373
+ 594
2374
+ 00:53:27,550 --> 00:53:38,590
2375
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุต ูุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
2376
+
2377
+ 595
2378
+ 00:53:38,590 --> 00:53:49,230
2379
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุตุซูŠุชุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู†
2380
+
2381
+ 596
2382
+ 00:53:49,230 --> 00:53:53,230
2383
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุซูŠุชุง
2384
+
2385
+ 597
2386
+ 00:53:53,230 --> 00:54:00,550
2387
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
2388
+
2389
+ 598
2390
+ 00:54:00,550 --> 00:54:05,310
2391
+ ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุตุญ ุทุจ ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ุญุณุจ ุตูŠู† ุซูŠุชุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตูŠู† ุชุฑุจูŠุน
2392
+
2393
+ 599
2394
+ 00:54:05,310 --> 00:54:15,820
2395
+ ุซูŠุชุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุตูŠู† ุชุฑุจูŠุนtheta ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ู‡ูŠ
2396
+
2397
+ 600
2398
+ 00:54:15,820 --> 00:54:22,660
2399
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† sin ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุต ุนู„ู‰ sin
2400
+
2401
+ 601
2402
+ 00:54:22,660 --> 00:54:30,020
2403
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุงูƒู… ุชุทู„ุน ุณุจูˆู„ูŠู‡ุง ุณูุฑ ุฎู…ุณ
2404
+
2405
+ 602
2406
+ 00:54:30,020 --> 00:54:38,180
2407
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุด FCC ู‡ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2408
+
2409
+ 603
2410
+ 00:54:38,180 --> 00:54:40,480
2411
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ it is not
2412
+
2413
+ 604
2414
+ 00:54:45,960 --> 00:54:52,980
2415
+ FCC ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ curve ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ุจูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ู…ุด
2416
+
2417
+ 605
2418
+ 00:54:52,980 --> 00:54:55,560
2419
+ ุญุงุถุฑ ุจุฏูŠ reflections ุงูƒุชุฑ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง
2420
+
2421
+ 606
2422
+ 00:54:55,560 --> 00:55:01,160
2423
+ ุจุชุทู„ุน BCC ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุญุณุจู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ
2424
+
2425
+ 607
2426
+ 00:55:01,160 --> 00:55:04,980
2427
+ ุงูุชุฑุถ
2428
+
2429
+ 608
2430
+ 00:55:04,980 --> 00:55:12,740
2431
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง BCC ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช BCC ุงู„
2432
+
2433
+ 609
2434
+ 00:55:12,740 --> 00:55:18,300
2435
+ first reflectionุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุจูŠุดูŠ ุณูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
2436
+
2437
+ 610
2438
+ 00:55:18,300 --> 00:55:29,040
2439
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
2440
+
2441
+ 611
2442
+ 00:55:29,040 --> 00:55:35,020
2443
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตูุฑ ุตูุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2444
+
2445
+ 612
2446
+ 00:55:35,020 --> 00:55:38,140
2447
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูุนู„ุง ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช
2448
+
2449
+ 613
2450
+ 00:55:40,460 --> 00:55:50,800
2451
+ ู‡ูˆ BCC ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช 112 ุงูˆ 211 ู…ุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ 112
2452
+
2453
+ 614
2454
+ 00:55:50,800 --> 00:55:56,940
2455
+ ุงูˆ 211 ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู†ุง ุงุชุนุฑูุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุฑูุชู‡ ุงู†ู‡
2456
+
2457
+ 615
2458
+ 00:55:56,940 --> 00:56:02,440
2459
+ ุงูˆู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุนุฑูุชู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ FCC ูˆ ู„ุง similar cubic ูˆ
2460
+
2461
+ 616
2462
+ 00:56:02,440 --> 00:56:06,500
2463
+ ู„ุง BCC ู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุทุงู„ู…ุง ุนุฑูุช ุงู†
2464
+
2465
+ 617
2466
+ 00:56:06,500 --> 00:56:08,920
2467
+ ู‡ูˆ BCC ุจุนุฑู ุงุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช
2468
+
2469
+ 618
2470
+ 00:56:11,720 --> 00:56:25,380
2471
+ ููŠ ุงูŠ ุณุคุงู„ุŸ ุทูŠุจ
2472
+
2473
+ 619
2474
+ 00:56:25,380 --> 00:56:31,020
2475
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒูŠู ุชุนู…ู„ indexing ู„ู„ crystal
2476
+
2477
+ 620
2478
+ 00:56:31,020 --> 00:56:38,800
2479
+ structure ู„ุงู† ููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุซู„ hcpุฃูˆ ุงูŠ
2480
+
2481
+ 621
2482
+ 00:56:38,800 --> 00:56:41,120
2483
+ ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฑุจุนุชุงุดุฑ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ crystal
2484
+
2485
+ 622
2486
+ 00:56:41,120 --> 00:56:47,760
2487
+ structure ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุชู†ูุนุด ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
2488
+
2489
+ 623
2490
+ 00:56:47,760 --> 00:56:55,660
2491
+ cubic unit cells ููŠ ุงูƒูŠุฏ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฐุง
2492
+
2493
+ 624
2494
+ 00:56:55,660 --> 00:57:01,220
2495
+ ุญุฏ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง presentation ู†ุนุทูŠู‡ ุจูˆุงู†ุง ุตุฑูŠุญุฉ
2496
+
2497
+ 625
2498
+ 00:57:01,220 --> 00:57:05,780
2499
+ ุทุจ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุฃู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ .. ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„
2500
+
2501
+ 626
2502
+ 00:57:05,780 --> 00:57:08,700
2503
+ structure ู…ุด ู…ุนุฑูˆูุŒ ุฃูŠ ุงุดูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†ุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูƒูŠูˆุจูƒ
2504
+
2505
+ 627
2506
+ 00:57:08,700 --> 00:57:13,400
2507
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ุด ูƒูŠูˆุจูƒ ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ extra
2508
+
2509
+ 628
2510
+ 00:57:13,400 --> 00:57:17,180
2511
+ diffractionุŸ
2512
+
2513
+ 629
2514
+ 00:57:17,180 --> 00:57:22,620
2515
+ ู…ุนุงูƒ ุฃุณุจูˆุนุŒ ุฃูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุŸ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู†ูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุดุจุทุฑุŒ
2516
+
2517
+ 630
2518
+ 00:57:22,620 --> 00:57:26,420
2519
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุนููˆ
2520
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbBCceOozNtoSQCtYlAhMQo/LtDaocscmOs_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwbBCceOozNtoSQCtYlAhMQo/LtDaocscmOs_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2560 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:05,080 --> 00:00:08,000
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:08,000 --> 00:00:13,780
7
+ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ุŒ ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ุญุฏ ุชู„ุงู†
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:13,780 --> 00:00:17,840
11
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุดุจุทุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:17,840 --> 00:00:21,930
15
+ crystal structures ุงู„ solid materialsุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:21,930 --> 00:00:26,110
19
+ ุงู„ูุงุชุฑุฉ ุดูู†ุง ูƒูŠู to define directions to define
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:26,110 --> 00:00:29,830
23
+ planes ุนุฑูู†ุง
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:29,830 --> 00:00:34,930
27
+ ุงู„ linear density ูˆ ุงู„ planar density ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:34,930 --> 00:00:41,830
31
+ cubic cells ูˆ ุงู„ hcp unit cells ุญู„ู„ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:41,830 --> 00:00:49,710
35
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ planes ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:49,710 --> 00:00:57,080
39
+ ุนู† ุงู„ planar densityุญุณุจู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† example ู„ุญุฏ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:57,080 --> 00:01:01,220
43
+ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ linear density ูˆ ุงู„ planar
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:01,220 --> 00:01:05,740
47
+ density ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุนุชุจุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:05,740 --> 00:01:10,660
51
+ slip ู„ู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูุงุฏ ุงู„ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ mechanical
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:10,660 --> 00:01:14,620
55
+ deformation ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ loading ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:14,620 --> 00:01:20,870
59
+ axialูˆุงู„ุง torsion ูˆ ู„ุง bending ูˆ ู„ุง ุงูŠ combination
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:20,870 --> 00:01:24,050
63
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‰ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠู† ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:24,050 --> 00:01:28,750
67
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠู† ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:28,750 --> 00:01:32,630
71
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุงุณู‡ู„ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูƒุซุงูุฉ ููŠ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:32,630 --> 00:01:36,930
75
+ ุงู„ุถุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูƒุซุงูุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:36,930 --> 00:01:42,790
79
+ ุงู„ slip ุฃุณู‡ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ most dense planes along
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:42,790 --> 00:01:47,880
83
+ the most dense directionsูุนู…ู„ุช ุงู„ slip ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:47,880 --> 00:01:50,840
87
+ ุจุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุนุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ linear density ูˆ ุงู„
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:50,840 --> 00:01:53,720
91
+ linear density ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ุจุทุจุนุฉ ูˆุงุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ slip
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:53,720 --> 00:01:59,180
95
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฑ ููŠ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:59,180 --> 00:02:02,420
99
+ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ closed packed planes and directions ูุงุญู†ุง
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:02,420 --> 00:02:08,300
103
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุฃู†ุฏูŠ hcp unit cell ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:08,300 --> 00:02:13,080
107
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠุฉ ุตุญ ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ .. ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ ููŠ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:13,080 --> 00:02:17,490
111
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠุฉูˆ ููŠ ูƒุงู† ุฏุฑู‘ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:17,490 --> 00:02:26,690
115
+ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุชู„ุช ุฏุฑู‘ุงุช ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูุท ูƒู…ุงู† ุชู„ุช ุฏุฑู‘ุงุช
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:26,690 --> 00:02:31,090
119
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ ูุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:31,090 --> 00:02:36,970
123
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ู„ู„ a ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ a ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงู„ a ุชู„ุชุฉ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:36,970 --> 00:02:43,490
127
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† zero zero zero ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุงู„ zero ูŠุนู†ูŠ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:43,490 --> 00:02:47,820
131
+ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฏูŠ ู‡ุชุฌูŠุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ C ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:47,820 --> 00:02:52,680
135
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช 002
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:52,680 --> 00:02:57,240
139
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุตูู‘ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‘ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุตููŠุทุฉ ุงู„
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:57,240 --> 00:03:04,180
143
+ standard ุฃูˆ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† A B A ุจู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช A B
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:04,180 --> 00:03:10,180
147
+ A B A B A B ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุงู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ closed
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:10,180 --> 00:03:15,700
151
+ -packed stacking ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุตููŠุท A B A B A B ูˆูƒุฐุง
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:15,700 --> 00:03:21,540
155
+ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูุฑุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ 100% ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:21,540 --> 00:03:28,380
159
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ B ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ูˆุงู‚ุน fitููŠ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:28,380 --> 00:03:31,940
163
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุงู‚ุน ุจูŠู† ุชู„ุช ุฏุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ valley ูŠุนู†ูŠ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:31,940 --> 00:03:37,200
167
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑ ู‡ุฐูŠ ู‡ูŠุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฌุงูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู ุจูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:37,200 --> 00:03:43,900
171
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุช ุฏุฑุงุช ูู‡ูŠ ูุงู„ุฏุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุชุบุทูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:43,900 --> 00:03:50,720
175
+ ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ ูˆ ุงูŠู‡ ุจูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ ูˆ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ center
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:50,720 --> 00:03:57,270
179
+ atom ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏุฑ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงูŠ ุฏุฑุฉู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจุณุช ุฏุฑุงุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:57,270 --> 00:04:00,350
183
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠ ุฏุฑุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจุณุช ุฏุฑุงุช ููŠ ู†ูุณ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:00,350 --> 00:04:05,310
187
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆููŠ ุชู„ุงุช ุฏุฑุงุช ุชุญุชู‡ุง ูˆ ุชู„ุงุช ุฏุฑุงุช ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:05,310 --> 00:04:10,270
191
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญูˆุทุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุฌู‡ุงุช ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ ุฏุฑุฉ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:10,270 --> 00:04:16,340
195
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ coordination number ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูŠุด ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑู†ูุณ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:16,340 --> 00:04:20,060
199
+ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ FCC ุจุณ ุงู„ FCC ุงู„ planes ุจุชูƒูˆู†
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:20,060 --> 00:04:24,220
203
+ closed packs ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ .. ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:24,220 --> 00:04:30,480
207
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:30,480 --> 00:04:42,700
211
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุนู†ุฏ Bู‡ูˆ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง A C B A C B ุงูˆ B
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:42,700 --> 00:04:48,000
215
+ A C B A C B A C ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุชู„ุช ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุจุชุฑุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:48,000 --> 00:04:53,480
219
+ ุณู„ุท ูˆุฑูƒ 3D ุจุชุญุท ุถุฑุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ cornerูˆ ุถุฑุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ face
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:53,480 --> 00:04:58,100
223
+ ูˆ ุชุนู…ู„ูˆุง section ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:58,100 --> 00:05:02,680
227
+ ู‡ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุธุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุชุดูˆู ุงู„ู…ู†ุธุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:02,680 --> 00:05:11,060
231
+ closed big planes ููŠ ุงู„ FCC unit cells ุงู„ุถุฑุงุช
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:11,060 --> 00:05:18,280
235
+ ููŠ ุงู„ plane B fit ุงู„ุชุฌูˆูŠู ููŠ ุงู„ plane A ู‡ูŠ B
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:05:20,930 --> 00:05:30,310
239
+ B ูˆู‡ูŠ A ูˆุฑุงู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ B ู‡ุงูŠ B ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ B ุฌุงูŠ ุจูŠู† A ูˆ C
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:30,310 --> 00:05:36,970
243
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ B A C ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ B ุฌุงูŠ ุจูŠู† C ูˆ A
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:40,720 --> 00:05:46,340
247
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุฌู…ู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูŠ ุถุฑุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:46,340 --> 00:05:49,700
251
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจ12 ุถุฑุจ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุทุจุนุง
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:49,700 --> 00:05:53,020
255
+ ุนุดุงู† ุชุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุฑุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง ุงู† ูƒู„ ุถุฑุจ ู…ุญุงุทุฉ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:53,020 --> 00:05:57,800
259
+ ุจ12 ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ุขู†
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:57,800 --> 00:06:01,160
263
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ single crystal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:01,160 --> 00:06:04,540
267
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุดูˆู ูƒุชู„ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุตูุทุฉ ู„ู…ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุชุนุทูŠ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:06:04,540 --> 00:06:10,200
271
+ ู†ูุณูƒ ุชุตููŠุทุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู†ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู…ุงุณ ูŠู‚ุงุณ ุจุญุฌู…
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:06:10,200 --> 00:06:15,080
275
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุงุด .. ุงู„ู…ุงุณุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุจุฑุช ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:06:15,080 --> 00:06:19,640
279
+ ุชู…ุงู†ุน ุฃุบู„ู‰ ู„ุณุจุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ูˆ ุนุดุงู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ ุฃูƒุจุฑ
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:06:19,640 --> 00:06:25,600
283
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ูˆุฒู†ู‡ ุจุณ ุจูŠุญุณุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุนุฑ ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† single
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:25,600 --> 00:06:29,740
287
+ crystal ุทุจุนุง ู…ุงุฒุงู„ single crystal ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:29,740 --> 00:06:34,310
291
+ ุชุชู…ู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุชุชู…ู†ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:34,310 --> 00:06:39,810
295
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู„ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ different linear densities ููŠ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:39,810 --> 00:06:43,910
299
+ different directions ููุนู„ูŠุง ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ููŠ ุงู„ single
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:43,910 --> 00:06:48,190
303
+ crystal ุงู„ materials ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุชุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:48,190 --> 00:06:53,170
307
+ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุฌุฑุจ ูˆุญูƒุงูŠุฉ single crystal
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:57,100 --> 00:07:03,400
311
+ ุฌูŠุจูˆุง ู…ูŠู‡ุŒ ู…ูŠู‡ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู„ุญุŒ ู…ูŠู‡ ู…ู‚ุทุฑุฉ ูˆ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:07:03,400 --> 00:07:07,640
315
+ ุญุทูˆู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ freezer ุฎู„ูˆุง ุงู„ freezer ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุด ุงู„
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:07:07,640 --> 00:07:12,320
319
+ freezer ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ุงู‚ุต ุณุจุนุชุงุดุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุฎู„ูˆู‡ ู†ุงู‚ุต
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:12,320 --> 00:07:18,270
323
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุชู„ุงุชุฉูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชู†ุฒู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ู†ุงู‚ุต ุณุจุนุชุงุด ูƒู„ ู…ุง
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:18,270 --> 00:07:23,630
327
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุฏ ูˆ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:23,630 --> 00:07:28,630
331
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู‡ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ูƒุชู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชู„ุฌ ู…ุนุชู…ุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:28,630 --> 00:07:32,410
335
+ ุจูŠุถุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ู…ุนุชู…ุฉุฎู„ู‘ูŠู‡ุง ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชูƒูˆู†
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:32,410 --> 00:07:35,690
339
+ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุจู„ูˆุฑ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ุฑุงุญุชู‡ุง ุจุชุงุฎุฏ ูˆู‚ุชู‡ุง
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:35,690 --> 00:07:39,790
343
+ ุชุตูุท ุงู„ุตูŠุฏ ุตุญูŠุญ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุฌุฑุจูˆู‡ุง ุญุทูˆุง ุชุธุจุท ุงู„ freezer
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:39,790 --> 00:07:44,090
347
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู†ุงู‚ุต ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุทู„ุน ุฒูŠ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:44,090 --> 00:07:49,350
351
+ crystal ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู†ู‚ุงุก ุนุงู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูˆู ุทุจุนุง
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:49,350 --> 00:07:51,710
355
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ crystal ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุดูุงูุฉ .. ุงู„ุชู„ุฌ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:51,710 --> 00:07:57,050
359
+ ุดูุงูุฉ ูุญุท ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุชู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง .. ุจุชูƒูˆู†
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:57,050 --> 00:07:58,730
363
+ ู…ุนุชู…ุฉ ุฌุฏุง
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:02,670 --> 00:08:05,870
367
+ ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุชุนุฏุฏุฉ ุงู„ crystaline ..
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:05,870 --> 00:08:07,950
371
+ polycrystalline ุงู„ material ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:07,950 --> 00:08:10,150
375
+ polycrystalline ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ polycrystalline
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:10,150 --> 00:08:15,530
379
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆูƒูŠ ู‡ุฐุง polycrystalline ู…ุง ุฒุงู„
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:15,530 --> 00:08:19,090
383
+ polyุจู†ุนุช ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ู‰ polycrystallineุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:19,090 --> 00:08:22,370
387
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงุชุดูƒู„ ุตูุฉ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:22,370 --> 00:08:26,410
391
+ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ุง ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฌุงู†ุจู‡ุง ุงุชุตูุชู‡ุง ุชุตููŠุชู‡ุง ุงุฎุชู„ู
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:26,410 --> 00:08:31,590
395
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุชู‡ุง ุฌุงู†ุจู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุงุชุตูุชู‡ุง ุชุตููŠุชู‡ุง ู†ูุณ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:31,590 --> 00:08:37,030
399
+ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ุจุณ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุดูƒู„ ุงูˆ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:37,030 --> 00:08:41,090
403
+ ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุช ุจุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ orientation ู…ู† ู…ู† ุงู„ grain ู„
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:41,090 --> 00:08:44,390
407
+ grain ุทุจุนุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ุง ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠู†
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:44,390 --> 00:08:46,450
411
+ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„ grain
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:50,380 --> 00:08:54,220
415
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ู…ุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุฏุŒ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:54,220 --> 00:08:58,780
419
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ุฉุŒ ู…ุนุฏู†ุŒ ุณุจุช ูŠุจุฑุฏุŒ ู‡ุชุจุฏุฃ ุนู†ุฏ ุจู‚ุฑ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:58,780 --> 00:09:02,180
423
+ ุชุฌู…ุฏุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุญูƒูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุฏุฃุช ู‡ู†ุง ุจู‚ุฑุฉ .. ุทุจุนุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:02,180 --> 00:09:04,920
427
+ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃุด ุจู‚ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ุจุณ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชุชุฌู…ุฏุŒ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃุด
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:04,920 --> 00:09:08,600
431
+ ุจุจู‚ุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจู‚ุฑุฉ ุชุฌู…ุฏุŒ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:08,600 --> 00:09:12,800
435
+ ุชู†ุชูŠู†ุŒ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉุŒ ุฎู…ุณุฉุŒ ุณุชุฉุŒ ุณุจุนุฉุŒ ู‡ู„ ุฃู†ุง ุจุถู…ู†
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:12,800 --> 00:09:17,460
439
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ orientation ู„ู„ุจู‚ุฑ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู‡ุชุณูƒู†ุŸ ู„ุฃุŒ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:17,460 --> 00:09:21,550
443
+ ู…ุณุชุญูŠู„ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ orientation ุชูˆุฌูŠู‡ุฉ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:21,550 --> 00:09:25,590
447
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุชูู‚ุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆ ุชุจุฏุฃ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:25,590 --> 00:09:30,190
451
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ุชุฏุฑูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู‚ุฑุฉ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:30,190 --> 00:09:33,410
455
+ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุตููŠุช ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุตููŠุช
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:33,410 --> 00:09:38,130
459
+ ุจุงู„ุฒูŠุฏ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุตููŠุชุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุชุตููŠุชุฉ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:38,130 --> 00:09:41,470
463
+ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุชุตููŠุชุฉ ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุชุตููŠุชุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุชุตููŠุชุฉ ุณุงุฏุณุฉ ูˆ ูƒุฐุง
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:41,470 --> 00:09:48,650
467
+ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุดูˆูŠู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุฏ ูˆุงู„ุชุตููŠุช ุจุงู„ุฒูŠุฏู„ุญุฏ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:48,650 --> 00:09:52,810
471
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุชู‡ุง ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู† ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู† ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:52,810 --> 00:10:01,850
475
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ู†ุตู„ ู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ู†ุตู„ ู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ู†ุง
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:10:01,850 --> 00:10:05,730
479
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุชุตููŠุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง grain
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:10:07,450 --> 00:10:10,250
483
+ ุงู„ุชุตููŠุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุฌุงู‡ุฉ ุงุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุณู…ู‡ุง grain ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:10:10,250 --> 00:10:15,110
487
+ ุงู„ุชุตููŠุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุฌุงู‡ุฉ ุงุฎุชู„ู ููŠู‡ุง grain ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:15,110 --> 00:10:18,530
491
+ ุงู„ุชุตููŠุฉ ุงุฎุชู„ู ููŠ grain ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ ุจูŠู† grain
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:18,530 --> 00:10:21,550
495
+ ูˆ grain .. ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุญุฏูˆุฏ ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ููŠ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:21,550 --> 00:10:26,390
499
+ ุงู„ุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ grain boundaries ุญุฏูˆุฏ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:26,390 --> 00:10:31,510
503
+ ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุจูŠุจุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุจูŠุจุฉ ุญุจูŠุจุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฏูˆุฏ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:31,510 --> 00:10:34,450
507
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจ ุงู†ุง ู…ุงุดูˆู ุงุดูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุนู„ู‰
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:34,450 --> 00:10:39,670
511
+ ุงู„ู…ุงูŠูƒุฑูˆุณูƒูˆุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ grain boundaries ู‡ุฐู‡ grain
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:39,670 --> 00:10:42,890
515
+ with specific orientation ู‡ุฐู‡ grain ุจorientation
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:42,890 --> 00:10:47,250
519
+ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ grain ุจorientation ุชุงู„ุช ุฑูˆุชูŠุดู† ุฑุงุจุน ุฎู…ุณ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:47,250 --> 00:10:53,100
523
+ ุณุงุฏุณ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุนุดุงู† ูƒุฐุงุฌูˆุง ุงู„ grain ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:53,100 --> 00:10:58,160
527
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒุงู† BCC ู…ุงู‡ุฏูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ BCC ูˆ ู‡ุฏูŠ BCC ูˆ ู‡ุฏูŠ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:58,160 --> 00:11:03,140
531
+ BCC ุจุณ ุจุฏุช ุชุตููŠุช ุจุฏุช ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠู† ุจุชุตูุท ุจุณ ุชุตููŠุชู‡
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:11:03,140 --> 00:11:08,800
535
+ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ BCC ุงูˆ FCC
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:08,800 --> 00:11:10,080
539
+ ุงูˆ HCP
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:18,690 --> 00:11:23,310
543
+ ููŠ ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณุฉ ูˆููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณุฉ ุงู„ุงู†
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:23,310 --> 00:11:28,770
547
+ ุงูŠุฒุงุชูˆุฑูŠูƒ ุจุงุชูŠุฑูŠุงู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:28,770 --> 00:11:34,310
551
+ direction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชู… ุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ู†ุจุณุท ุงู„ุงุดูŠ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:34,310 --> 00:11:41,310
555
+ ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ุฎุตุงุตู‡ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุฃู„ูŠุงู ุบูŠุฑ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนุฑุถ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:41,310 --> 00:11:45,750
559
+ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู„ูŠุงูู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ material is
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:45,750 --> 00:11:49,210
563
+ anisotropic ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุฃู„ูŠุงู ุนู†ู‡ุง
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:49,210 --> 00:11:53,910
567
+ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุนุฑุถ ุงู„ isotropic material ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจุชูƒูˆู†
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:53,910 --> 00:11:57,330
571
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูุฑู‚ isotropic
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:57,330 --> 00:12:01,210
575
+ material ู„ุงู†ุญุงุณ isotropic material ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ู„ุฃ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:12:01,210 --> 00:12:05,750
579
+ anisotropic material most
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:12:05,750 --> 00:12:08,290
583
+ polycrystalline materials will exhibit isotropic
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:08,290 --> 00:12:14,140
587
+ properties ูุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ table ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฑุฏูŠู† ุงู„
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:14,140 --> 00:12:18,160
591
+ modulus of elasticity ู„ู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุญุงุณ ูˆุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:18,160 --> 00:12:22,620
595
+ ูˆุงู„ุชุงู†ุฌุณุชูˆู† ููŠ ุชู„ุช ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ 1 0
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:22,620 --> 00:12:27,320
599
+ 0 direction ูˆ ุงู„ 1 1 0 ูˆ ุงู„ 1 1 1 ู‡ุฏูู‡ุง for singly
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:27,320 --> 00:12:31,360
603
+ crystal ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ุฏูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุงู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:36,230 --> 00:12:40,730
607
+ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ 100ุŒ ุชู„ุงุช ุณุชูŠู† ู…ูˆู„ ุณุจุนุฉุŒ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ 110ุŒ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:40,730 --> 00:12:44,870
611
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู†ุŒ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ 111ุŒ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู†ุŒ ุฎุฏ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:44,870 --> 00:12:49,070
615
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุญุงุณุŒ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู†ุŒ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:49,070 --> 00:12:53,170
619
+ ุชุณุนูŠู†ุŒ ุงุฎุชู„ู ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุตุŒ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุŒ ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:53,170 --> 00:12:56,850
623
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู†ุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู†ุŒ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู†ุŒ ุงู„ุชู†ุฌุณุชูˆู†
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:56,850 --> 00:13:01,400
627
+ very hardุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ุฏุฉ ุชู„ุงุช ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ู…ุด ุจุงุฎุชู„ู
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:01,400 --> 00:13:06,480
631
+ ูุงู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ู„ุชุงู†ุฌุณุชูˆู† ู„ุฃ
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:06,480 --> 00:13:10,620
635
+ ู„ุฃ ู‡ู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† single crystal ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:10,620 --> 00:13:13,760
639
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด single .. ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุจูŠุจุงุช ูู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:13,760 --> 00:13:19,360
643
+ polycrystalline ุงู„ material ู…ุชุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจุงุชูุจุงู„ู…ุฌู…ู„
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:19,360 --> 00:13:24,020
647
+ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจุฉ ู…ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฉ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:24,020 --> 00:13:27,180
651
+ 00 ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจุฉ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ู…ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุด ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุฉ ูุจู„ุบูˆุง ุจุนุถ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:27,180 --> 00:13:36,160
655
+ ูุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู…ุชูˆุณุท ู…ุงุชุทู„ู‚ุงุด isotropic ุงู„ู„ู‰
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:36,160 --> 00:13:39,780
659
+ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ X-ray diffraction ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ X-ray
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:39,780 --> 00:13:43,880
663
+ diffraction ุชู‚ู†ูŠูƒูŠ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:43,880 --> 00:13:44,640
667
+ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:47,210 --> 00:13:51,030
671
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ X-rayุŸ ุงู„ X-ray ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† electromagnetic
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:51,030 --> 00:13:55,730
675
+ radiation
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:55,730 --> 00:14:00,110
679
+ ุงู„ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุจุชุงุนูŠ ุงุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ู† ุนุดุฑ ุฃู†ุฌุณุชุฑูˆู… ู„ู…ูŠุฉ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:14:00,110 --> 00:14:05,110
683
+ ุฃู†ุฌุณุชุฑูˆู…ุŒ ุงู„ุนุดุฑ ุฃู†ุฌุณุชุฑูˆู… ู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุฃู†ุฌุณุชุฑูˆู… ู‡ุฐุง ุดุจูŠู‡
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:05,110 --> 00:14:09,090
687
+ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุงุช ุจูŠู† ู…ุณุชูˆุงุช ุงู„ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:13,640 --> 00:14:18,740
691
+ ุงู„ X-ray diffraction ู‡ูˆ ุฃุฏุงุฉ ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:18,740 --> 00:14:26,160
695
+ phases ู„ู„ material ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ phases ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:26,160 --> 00:14:30,120
699
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญูˆุงุฑ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ material ุจุชุฎุชู„ู
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:30,120 --> 00:14:33,290
703
+ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูููŠ ุงู„ processing ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุนู…ู„ processing ุญุฑุงุฑูŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:33,290 --> 00:14:36,910
707
+ ุงูˆ processing ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุชู†ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูุงู†ุง ู…ุญุชุงุฌ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:36,910 --> 00:14:40,610
711
+ ุงุดูˆู ูƒูŠู ุงู„ micro structure ูุงู†ุง ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ x-ray
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:40,610 --> 00:14:44,010
715
+ ุนุดุงู† ุงุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ .. ุงุนู…ู„ micro structure examination
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:44,010 --> 00:14:47,990
719
+ ุจุฑุถู‡
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:47,990 --> 00:14:50,530
723
+ ุงู„ x-ray diffraction ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุญุฏูŠุฏ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:50,530 --> 00:14:55,570
727
+ ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุงุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:55,570 --> 00:14:58,830
731
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ุชุจุตูŠ ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:58,830 --> 00:15:02,470
735
+ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุฑูŠุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ grain structure ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:02,470 --> 00:15:07,230
739
+ grain structure ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ grain ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:07,230 --> 00:15:13,950
743
+ ุจุชุบูŠุฑ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุชู‡ุง ูุงู†ุง ูƒูŠู ู‡ุงุฑุณูŠ ุชุบูŠุฑ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ุฃุฏุงุก
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:13,950 --> 00:15:16,710
747
+ ุชุฌุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ x-ray diffraction ุนุดุงู† ุงุดูˆู ุงูŠุด
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:16,710 --> 00:15:23,290
751
+ ุตุงุฑุช ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุญุจูŠุจูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:23,290 --> 00:15:24,650
755
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:27,890 --> 00:15:31,930
759
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ X-ray diffraction ุชุณุชุฎุฏู… ู„ู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:31,930 --> 00:15:36,570
763
+ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ุงุฏุฉ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:36,570 --> 00:15:42,230
767
+ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุงูƒุชุดูุช ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ BCC ูˆู„ุง FCC ูˆู„ุง
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:42,230 --> 00:15:46,730
771
+ simple cubic ูˆู„ุง HCP ูˆู„ุง triclinic ู .. ูุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:15:46,730 --> 00:15:51,410
775
+ X-ray diffraction ุนุดุงู† ุงุนุฑู ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:15:51,410 --> 00:15:56,070
779
+ ุงู„ุงู†
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:56,070 --> 00:16:02,450
783
+ ุงู†ุง ุฌุจุช ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ุนุฏู†ูˆ ุตู„ุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:02,450 --> 00:16:06,230
787
+ ุนูŠู†ู‡ุง ุตู„ุท ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุนูŠู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:06,230 --> 00:16:12,530
791
+ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ุชุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:12,530 --> 00:16:18,790
795
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ ุงูˆ reflection reflection
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:18,790 --> 00:16:23,410
799
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุตุฏุงู…ู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุบูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ ุจุถุฑุงุช
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:23,410 --> 00:16:30,840
803
+ ุจุตูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠุด reflectionูู‡ูŠ ุฃู…ุง ุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:30,840 --> 00:16:35,480
807
+ reflection ุชุทุจูŠู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ transmission ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุฑ ููŠ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:35,480 --> 00:16:38,860
811
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูุงุฉ ุงู„ X-ray ุฃู†ุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุตู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุตูˆุฑ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:38,860 --> 00:16:46,020
815
+ ุงู„ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ X-ray ุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌ ุจุชุงุนุชูƒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ุฃู†ุณุฌ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:46,020 --> 00:16:51,500
819
+ ุนุถู„ูŠุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุนุถุงู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูŠุด ุฃู†ุณุฌ .. ู†ุณูŠุฌ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:51,500 --> 00:16:54,680
823
+ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู†ุณูŠุฌ ุงู„ุฑุงุฆุนุชูŠู† ู…ุฎุชู„ู ูุงู†ุช
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:54,680 --> 00:17:00,080
827
+ ุจุชุดูˆู ุตูˆุฑุฉูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ NDH
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:00,080 --> 00:17:06,960
831
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ููŠู„ู… ุญุณุงุณ .. ุญุณุงุณ ู„ู‡ุง ูุฃู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุฏู‡ ุฎู„ุช
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:06,960 --> 00:17:11,740
835
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุจุณุท ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ intensity
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:11,740 --> 00:17:17,770
839
+ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎุฑูˆุฌุฃูˆ scattered ุงุญู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ููŠ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:17,770 --> 00:17:23,550
843
+ ุงู„ course ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุนู†ูŠูŠู† ุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ x-ray ุงู„ู„ูŠ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:23,550 --> 00:17:28,090
847
+ ุจุชู†ุนูƒุณ ุงู„ scattered x-ray ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู†ุนูƒุณ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุญู†ุง
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:28,090 --> 00:17:32,730
851
+ ุจู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ููŠ ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดููŠุงุช
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:32,730 --> 00:17:39,140
855
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู‡ู…ูˆุง ุงู„ x-ray ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุฎุชุฑู‚ุช ุงู„ู…ุฎุชุฑู‚ุฉุทุจุนุง
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:39,140 --> 00:17:43,900
859
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุตู„ุท ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุดูู‰ x-ray ู…ุด ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชุฎุชุฑู‚ ููŠ ุฌุฒุก
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:43,900 --> 00:17:49,420
863
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ูŠุญุตู„ู‡ุง scattering ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠู„ูƒ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ุงุฒู…
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:49,420 --> 00:17:54,920
867
+ ุงู„ูู† ุงู„ุฃุดุนุนูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุงุจุณ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุตูˆุฑ ุจูŠุทู„ุนุจู†ูุนุด ู„ุฅู†
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:54,920 --> 00:17:58,920
871
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠุชุฃุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ู„ูŠุด ูŠู„ุจุณูŠู„ู‡ุง scattering ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:17:58,920 --> 00:18:02,140
875
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ูˆ ู„ุง ู…ุฑุฉ ููŠ ุณุช ุดู‡ูˆุฑ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุนู…ู„ ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุฒูŠูƒ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:02,140 --> 00:18:05,880
879
+ ุจุณ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ูŠูˆู… ุงุชุนุฑุถ ..ุจู†ูุนุด ุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ู„ุฅู† ู…ู…ูƒู†
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:05,880 --> 00:18:10,080
883
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุณู„ุทุงู†ุงุช ูˆููŠ ุทุจุนุง ุชู… ุฑุตุฏ ุญุงู„ุงุช
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:10,080 --> 00:18:16,380
887
+ ู„ู„ุณู„ุทุงู† ู„ู„ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ููŠ ุฃู‚ุณุงู… ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ course
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:16,380 --> 00:18:21,100
891
+ ุจุชุงุนู†ุง ู…ุงู†ูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ scattered x-ray ุงู„ุขู†
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:22,810 --> 00:18:28,850
895
+ ุงู„ scattered x-ray ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุงู„ู…ู†ุนูƒุณุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:28,850 --> 00:18:37,290
899
+ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุชุฏุงุฎู„ ุจู†ุงุก ุงูˆ ุชุฏุงุฎู„ ู‡ุฏุงู… ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุทู„ุน
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:37,290 --> 00:18:45,130
903
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง wave ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู‡ูŠ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:45,130 --> 00:18:49,210
907
+ wave ุงุชู†ูŠู† wave ุงุชู†ูŠู†
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:53,100 --> 00:18:57,920
911
+ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ .. ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ูุณุฑ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ..
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:57,920 --> 00:19:01,100
915
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:19:01,100 --> 00:19:07,240
919
+ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุงุทู„ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู†ุฒูˆู„ุฉ ุฏู‡ุŸ ุฅูŠุด ู…ู…ุซู„ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุฉ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:07,240 --> 00:19:13,400
923
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† .. ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชู…ุดูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒุŸ ุงู„
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:13,400 --> 00:19:17,560
927
+ intensity ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุจุชู‚ู„ ูˆ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ .. ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ู„
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:17,560 --> 00:19:21,760
931
+ sinusoidal functionูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุถูˆุก
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:21,760 --> 00:19:28,400
935
+ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุถูˆุก ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุถูˆุก ู…ุทููŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ .. ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:28,400 --> 00:19:35,520
939
+ ุฅุถุงุกุฉ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุฎูุท ุจุชุดุชุฏ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุนุงูƒุณ ูˆ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:35,520 --> 00:19:40,380
943
+ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูุงู†ุช ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ intensity ู…ุด ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:40,380 --> 00:19:45,760
947
+ ู…ุงุดูŠุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ two waves wave one ูˆ wave two
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:45,760 --> 00:19:51,920
951
+ ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ุงู„ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุงู„
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:51,920 --> 00:19:55,500
955
+ phase angle ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ phase angle ูŠุนู†ูŠ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:55,500 --> 00:19:59,040
959
+ ุฃู† ู†ูƒูˆู† ู…ุฒุงุญูŠู† multiple ู…ู† ุงู„ lambda ูŠุนู†ูŠ n lambda
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:59,040 --> 00:20:03,600
963
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ n ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:20:03,600 --> 00:20:07,800
967
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ maximum ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† maximum ู„ู…ุง
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:20:07,800 --> 00:20:10,480
971
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ minimum ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† minimum maximum maximum
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:12,380 --> 00:20:15,920
975
+ ุจูŠุฌู…ุนูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏูˆุง ุจุนุถุŒ ู‡ุฏ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌู‡
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:15,920 --> 00:20:19,420
979
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ intensity ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:19,420 --> 00:20:23,080
983
+ wave ุงู„ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู‡ุฏ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:23,080 --> 00:20:28,560
987
+ constructive interference ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฏุงุฎู„ ุจู†ุงุก ูู„ู…ุง
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:28,560 --> 00:20:32,100
991
+ ุชุฏุงุฎู„ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ุซู„ุง ุชุฎูŠู„ hundred wave ุงูˆ ุงู„ู wave ุงูˆ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:32,100 --> 00:20:35,480
995
+ ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ wave ุจุชุทู„ุนูˆุง intensity ุนุงู„ูŠ ุชุฌู…ุนูˆุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถุŒ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:35,480 --> 00:20:38,600
999
+ ู‡ุฏ ุจูŠุณู…ุน constructive interference
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:42,160 --> 00:20:45,120
1003
+ Destructive interference ุชุฎูŠู„ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏุช
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:45,120 --> 00:20:49,900
1007
+ scattering event ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู†ุนูƒุณุช ูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู†ุนูƒุณุช ุฃุฌูˆุง ุนูƒุณ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:49,900 --> 00:20:53,380
1011
+ ุจุนุถ ู„ู…ุง
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:53,380 --> 00:20:57,580
1015
+ ุฃุฌู…ุน ู‡ุฐูŠ ู…ุน ู‡ุฐูŠ ุดูˆ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจู„ุบูˆุง ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุนูƒุณ ู‡ุฐูŠ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:57,580 --> 00:21:00,460
1019
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุณุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจู„ุบูˆุง ุจุนุถ ู‡ุฐูŠ ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ ุจู„ุบูˆุง
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:00,460 --> 00:21:07,620
1023
+ ุจุนุถ ุจุทู„ุน ููŠ ุงู„ุดูˆุงูŠู ู…ุงุดูˆูุด ุฅุดูŠ ุฃู†ุง interested ููŠ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:07,620 --> 00:21:09,780
1027
+ ุงู„ constructive interference
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:14,060 --> 00:21:20,520
1031
+ ุงู„ุงู† ู‡ู‰ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูู‰
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:20,520 --> 00:21:26,460
1035
+ ุฃุดุนุฉ ุตู„ุทุชู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ theta ูู‰
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:26,460 --> 00:21:31,780
1039
+ ุฃุดุนุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุชูƒูˆู† ุญุฒุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุฌู‰
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:31,780 --> 00:21:39,480
1043
+ ุดูˆุนุนุฉ ูŠุฌู‰ ุฒู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุดูˆุนุนุฉ ูŠุถู„ูˆุง ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ุงูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุด
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:39,480 --> 00:21:47,120
1047
+ scattering ูŠุฎุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉุทูŠุจ ู‡ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุดูˆุนุฉ ู‡ูŠู† ู…ุดูŠ ุถุฑุจ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:47,120 --> 00:21:49,760
1051
+ ููŠ ุถุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ุถุฑุฉ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุงุŸ ู…ู† ุงู„ ..
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:49,760 --> 00:21:55,080
1055
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุงูŠุด ู‡ุณูŠุฑู‡ุŸ ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:55,080 --> 00:21:58,920
1059
+ scattering ุงุฐุง ุฏุงุฎู„ ุจุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุซูŠุชุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู‡ diffraction
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:58,920 --> 00:22:02,940
1063
+ ุจุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ .. reflection ุจุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุซูŠุชุง ู„ูˆ ู‡ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:02,940 --> 00:22:06,160
1067
+ ุงู„ุดูˆุนุฉ ุฏู‡ ุงุฎุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุช ูˆ ู†ุฒู„ ุชุญุช
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:06,160 --> 00:22:10,000
1071
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆ ุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุช ู‡ุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ ุงูŠุดุŸ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:12,460 --> 00:22:15,840
1075
+ reflection reflection ู„ุงู† ู„ุงุญุธ ุงู„ุดูˆุนุฉ ู‡ุฏู‰ ู…ุงุดูŠ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:15,840 --> 00:22:25,340
1079
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ุดูˆุนุฉ ู‡ุฏู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:25,340 --> 00:22:28,840
1083
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูŠู† ู…ุงุดูŠ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุดูˆุนุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:28,840 --> 00:22:35,160
1087
+ ุดูˆุนุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏู‰ ู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุดูŠ ..
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:35,160 --> 00:22:40,700
1091
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏู‰ .. ู‡ุฏู‰ ูˆ ู‡ุฏู‰ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠู…ู† P ุนู„ู‰ S ู‡ูŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:40,700 --> 00:22:45,980
1095
+ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูˆ ู…ู† P ู„ T ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุดุนุงุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฑ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:45,980 --> 00:22:51,580
1099
+ ู…ู† ู…ุณุงูุฉ SQ ูˆ QT ุงุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุงูˆู„ ุงุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุงูˆู„
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:22:51,580 --> 00:22:58,240
1103
+ ุงู„ุง ุงู† ุงู„ SQ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุตูุฑ ุงู„ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:22:58,240 --> 00:23:04,180
1107
+ ู‡ูŠ D ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุซุชุง ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุซุชุง ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุณุนูŠู†
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:04,180 --> 00:23:07,380
1111
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุซุชุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ SQ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:08,300 --> 00:23:14,220
1115
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุฏูŠ ุตูŠู† ุซูŠุชุง ูˆ QT ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:14,220 --> 00:23:20,480
1119
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฏูŠ ุตูŠู† ุซูŠุชุง ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ constructive
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:20,480 --> 00:23:26,900
1123
+ interference ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ SQ ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ QT ุชูƒูˆู† multiple
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:26,900 --> 00:23:32,780
1127
+ integer ู…ู† Lambda N ููŠ Lambda N ููŠ Lambda ูŠุนู†ูŠ SQ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:32,780 --> 00:23:39,300
1131
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ constructive interferenceotherwise ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:39,300 --> 00:23:45,080
1135
+ destructive interference ุงูˆ ุฌุฒุก constructive ุงู‡
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:23:45,080 --> 00:23:53,400
1139
+ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุงู‡ ูุงู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ sq sq
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:23:53,400 --> 00:23:57,580
1143
+ ุฒุงุฏ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:23:57,580 --> 00:24:02,660
1147
+ qt ุนุดุงู†
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:02,660 --> 00:24:07,830
1151
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ constructive interferenceู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† N ููŠ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:07,830 --> 00:24:12,530
1155
+ Lambda N ููŠ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ูˆุงู„ู€ N ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:12,530 --> 00:24:19,690
1159
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ integer ุงู„ SQ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:19,690 --> 00:24:30,130
1163
+ D Sin Theta ุฒุงุฆุฏ D Sin Theta ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:30,130 --> 00:24:37,830
1167
+ ุงู†ุง ุงูƒูˆู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† D Sin Thetaุจุณ ุงู†ูู„ุงู†ุฏ ู‡ุฏ ู…ุณุชู…ุนุงุด
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:37,830 --> 00:24:41,830
1171
+ ุจุฑุงุฌุฒ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:41,830 --> 00:24:48,630
1175
+ low ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ condition ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:24:48,630 --> 00:24:54,750
1179
+ constructive interference ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุนูƒุณุฉ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:24:54,750 --> 00:24:59,970
1183
+ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุจุนุถ ุจุชุชุฌู…ุน ุงู„ amplitude ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูู„ูˆ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:24:59,970 --> 00:25:04,100
1187
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู…ุซู„ุง ู…ู„ูŠุงุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฅุถุงุกุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฌุฏุง
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:04,100 --> 00:25:08,580
1191
+ ู„ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏูˆุง ุจุนุถ otherwise ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ destructive
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:08,580 --> 00:25:14,400
1195
+ interference ููŠ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:14,400 --> 00:25:19,300
1199
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ cubic
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:19,300 --> 00:25:23,560
1203
+ unit cells ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ inter atomic spacing ู…ุซู„ุง ุจูŠู†
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:23,560 --> 00:25:26,120
1207
+ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุนุงุฆู„ุชู‡ุง
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:28,360 --> 00:25:34,120
1211
+ H ูˆK ูˆL ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ indices ู‡ุช HKL ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ HKL ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:34,120 --> 00:25:38,560
1215
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณูุฑ ุงูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณูุฑ ุณูุฑ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ D ุจูŠู†
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:38,560 --> 00:25:44,140
1219
+ ู…ุณุชูˆุงุชู‡ุง ุฏูŠ HKL ู…ุนุทูˆู„ุฉ ู„ุฃู‚ู„ ู‡ูŠ A node ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:44,140 --> 00:25:51,980
1223
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ H ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุฒุงุฏ K ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุฒุงุฏ L ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ HK ูˆ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:51,980 --> 00:25:56,290
1227
+ L ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ indices ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉุงู„ุงู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:25:56,290 --> 00:26:04,130
1231
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ lattice parameter ู…ุซุงู„
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:26:04,130 --> 00:26:08,590
1235
+ calculate the distance between adjacent one one
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:08,590 --> 00:26:15,630
1239
+ one planes ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฏู‡ ู†ุญุณุจ
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:26:15,630 --> 00:26:22,750
1243
+ ุฏูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ in gold ุงู„ material gold
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:26:28,590 --> 00:26:34,310
1247
+ which has a lattice parameter ุงู„ุงู†ูˆุฏ ุจุณุชูˆู‰
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:34,310 --> 00:26:44,310
1251
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจูˆู†ุช ุณูุฑ ุณุจุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุฃู†ุฌุณุชุฑูˆู† ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ D
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:44,310 --> 00:26:45,370
1255
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏุงุด ุฃุณุชูˆู‰
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:48,220 --> 00:26:55,820
1259
+ A node ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ point oh ุณุจุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:55,820 --> 00:27:02,340
1263
+ ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠุงุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠุงุฏ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:27:02,340 --> 00:27:11,860
1267
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ point ุณุจุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:27:13,800 --> 00:27:17,860
1271
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฑูŠู† ู…ุณุชูˆูŠูŠู† ู…ุชุชุงุจุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:27:17,860 --> 00:27:27,740
1275
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทุจุนุง
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:27,740 --> 00:27:33,740
1279
+ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุชุฎูŠู„ ุงุนู…ู„ ุนูŠู†ุฉ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:33,740 --> 00:27:38,520
1283
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ุซู„ุง ุญุจุชูŠู† ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู… ุฑู…ู„ุชูŠู† ุญุจุชูŠู†
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:27:38,520 --> 00:27:43,360
1287
+ ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ ุงูˆ ุญุจุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง crystal ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:27:43,360 --> 00:27:49,220
1291
+ crystal ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุตู„ู‘ุช ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฏูŠ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:27:49,220 --> 00:27:53,820
1295
+ reflection ู…ู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุนูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃูƒู… reflection ู…ู†
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:27:53,820 --> 00:27:57,880
1299
+ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุนูŠู† ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูƒุจูŠุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:57,880 --> 00:28:02,060
1303
+ ู‡ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ุฑุงู‡ุงุŸ ู‡ู„ ูŠู…ูƒู† ู‚ุฑุงูŠุชู‡ุงุŸ ุงูˆ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:28:02,060 --> 00:28:07,900
1307
+ ุฌุณู‡ุงุŸ ุตุนุจ ูุดูˆ ูŠุณูˆูŠ ู‡ูˆุŸ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:28:07,900 --> 00:28:13,900
1311
+ ู†ุนู…ุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑููƒุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู„ุงูŠูŠู† ุงู„ crystals ู„ุฅู†ู‡
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:28:13,900 --> 00:28:16,680
1315
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ุงู†ุช ุญุท ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ ุญุท ูˆุตูŠู† ุตุญู†
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:28:16,680 --> 00:28:22,840
1319
+ ููŠู‡ ุทุญูŠู† .. ุทุญูŠู† ู†ุนู… ุฌุฏุง ุงุนุชุจุฑ ูƒู„ ุญุจุฉ ุทุญูŠู† ู„ุญุงู„ู‡
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:28:22,840 --> 00:28:26,560
1323
+ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง crystal ูู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ crystals ู‡ู… ู…ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:28:26,560 --> 00:28:31,980
1327
+ ุชูˆุฌู‡ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู† ุจุนุถ ูู„ู…ุง ุฃุตู„ุช ุฃุดุนุฉ ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:28:31,980 --> 00:28:36,800
1331
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ reflections ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ุชุชุฌู…ุน ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:28:36,800 --> 00:28:40,600
1335
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ constructive interference ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุฌุณู‡ุง ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:28:40,600 --> 00:28:46,040
1339
+ .. ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุฌุณู‡ุง ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุทู„ู‚ ุงู†ุง ุชูˆุญุฏ ู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู†
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:28:46,040 --> 00:28:50,020
1343
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ amplitude ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ุนุงู„ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูุงู†ุง
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:28:50,020 --> 00:28:53,560
1347
+ ุงูŠุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุฌุณู‡ุง ุจุณู‡ูˆู„ุฉ ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุจูŠุญูƒูˆุง .. ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุนูŠู†
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:28:53,560 --> 00:28:59,020
1351
+ ุน ุดูƒู„ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ .. ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉ ู†ุนู…ุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฐุง ุจุชูุญุต
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:28:59,020 --> 00:29:02,620
1355
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† .. ุจู†ูุนุด ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒุชู„ุฉ ุตู„ุจุฉุŒ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:29:02,620 --> 00:29:11,300
1359
+ ุน ุดูƒู„ ุจูˆุฏุฑุฉุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุญุทู‡ุง
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:29:11,300 --> 00:29:16,620
1363
+ ุจุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงุณู…ู‡ X-ray diffractometer X-ray
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:29:16,620 --> 00:29:22,580
1367
+ diffractometer ุงู„ X-ray diffractometer ุจูŠุญุทู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‰
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:29:22,580 --> 00:29:27,180
1371
+ ุงู„ sample ู‡ู†ุง ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุทู„ู‚
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:29:27,180 --> 00:29:35,020
1375
+ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุจูŠุณู„ุท ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ูŠุงุดุนู„ู‰
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:29:35,020 --> 00:29:40,880
1379
+ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠู‡ detector ูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชู„ู
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:29:40,880 --> 00:29:48,880
1383
+ ุงุฐุง ุงู„ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุจุชู„ู theta ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุชู„ู ุงูŠู‡ุŸ two theta ุจุชู„ู
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:29:48,880 --> 00:29:54,960
1387
+ two theta ูู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ูŠู† .. ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ beam ู„ูŠุด two
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:29:54,960 --> 00:30:02,380
1391
+ thetaุŸ ู…ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† Bragg's law ู‡ุงูŠ
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:30:02,380 --> 00:30:07,950
1395
+ theta ูˆ thetaูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงุจุน ุจูŠู† ุงู„ incident beam ูˆ
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:30:07,950 --> 00:30:12,090
1399
+ ุงู„ diffractive beam ู…ุด theta two theta ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:30:12,090 --> 00:30:16,910
1403
+ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ู†ุนู…
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:30:16,910 --> 00:30:22,470
1407
+ ุงู„ุงู†
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:30:22,470 --> 00:30:28,970
1411
+ ุตุญ ูƒู„ุงู…ูƒ ุจุณ ุงู†ุช ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุดู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ ุงู„ sign ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:30:28,970 --> 00:30:32,870
1415
+ sign ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุจุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:30:34,430 --> 00:30:39,610
1419
+ ูุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† theta ุนุดุงู† ุฏุฎู„ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุงุจุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:30:39,610 --> 00:30:45,530
1423
+ ู„ู„ุฑุงุจุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ู‰ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ูู‡ูˆ ุงู†ุง ุจู„ู theta ู‡ูˆ ุจุญุท ุชุฑุณ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:30:45,530 --> 00:30:53,710
1427
+ ุชุฑุณ ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฑุงูƒุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฑุณ ุชุฑุณ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุฑุณ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:30:53,710 --> 00:31:00,650
1431
+ ุถุนู ูุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูˆ .. ุงูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุชุฑุณ ูƒุจูŠุฑูˆ ู‡ุชุฑุณ ู‚ุทุฑ ุถุนูŠู
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:31:00,650 --> 00:31:04,510
1435
+ ูุฅุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู„ู ุซูŠุชุง ูู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู„ู ุงูŠุดุŸ two theta
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:31:05,670 --> 00:31:09,070
1439
+ ูุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ incident ูˆ ุงู„ reflected ุจุชูƒูˆู† two
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:31:09,070 --> 00:31:10,750
1443
+ theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:31:10,750 --> 00:31:11,210
1447
+ incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:31:11,210 --> 00:31:11,210
1451
+ theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:31:11,210 --> 00:31:11,770
1455
+ incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:31:11,770 --> 00:31:12,610
1459
+ theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:31:12,610 --> 00:31:13,470
1463
+ incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:31:13,470 --> 00:31:13,910
1467
+ theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:31:13,910 --> 00:31:13,910
1471
+ incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:31:13,910 --> 00:31:13,910
1475
+ theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:31:13,910 --> 00:31:13,910
1479
+ incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:31:13,910 --> 00:31:13,910
1483
+ theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:31:13,910 --> 00:31:13,910
1487
+ incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:31:13,910 --> 00:31:13,930
1491
+ theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:31:13,930 --> 00:31:13,930
1495
+ incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:31:13,930 --> 00:31:13,930
1499
+ theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:31:13,930 --> 00:31:13,930
1503
+ incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:31:13,930 --> 00:31:13,930
1507
+ theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:31:13,930 --> 00:31:17,310
1511
+ incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:31:17,310 --> 00:31:21,470
1515
+ theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:31:21,470 --> 00:31:28,050
1519
+ theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง incident ู‡ูˆ two theta ุงุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:31:28,050 --> 00:31:32,450
1523
+ incident ู‡ูˆ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:31:32,930 --> 00:31:36,610
1527
+ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุชุฏุงุฎู„ุช ูˆุงุชูˆุญุฏุช ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:31:36,610 --> 00:31:45,590
1531
+ intensity ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ู‚ุฑุงุกุฉ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:31:45,590 --> 00:31:51,830
1535
+ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู„ู‡ constructive interference ุงู„ุงุดุนุฉ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:31:51,830 --> 00:31:55,610
1539
+ ุงุชูˆุญุฏุช ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุชุชุง ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:31:55,610 --> 00:32:00,050
1543
+ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุงุฏูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุดู…ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงุชูˆุญุฏุช ู‡ู†ุง
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:32:00,050 --> 00:32:03,290
1547
+ constructive interferenceู‡ูŠู† ุชูˆุญุฏุช ู‡ูŠู† constructed
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:32:03,290 --> 00:32:07,870
1551
+ ูˆูŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุดุจุท ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ intensity ุตุงุฑ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:32:07,870 --> 00:32:11,850
1555
+ ุชูˆุญุฏ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฃุดุนุงุฑ ูููŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุตุงุฑ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:32:11,850 --> 00:32:14,910
1559
+ constructive interference
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:32:31,290 --> 00:32:36,990
1563
+ ู‡ู†ุนุชุจุฑ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู„ุฏูŠ ู„ุงู…ุจุฏุง ู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:32:36,990 --> 00:32:42,610
1567
+ ู…ุนูŠู† ูŠุณุชูˆู‰ 2DHKL
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:32:42,610 --> 00:32:46,030
1571
+ SIN ฮธ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:32:49,040 --> 00:32:58,220
1575
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ D HKL ู‡ูŠุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ุณุชูˆู‰ HKL ุณูˆุงุก A ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:32:58,220 --> 00:33:04,700
1579
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฅู„ู‰ H ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ K ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ L ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฎุฏู†ุง
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:33:04,700 --> 00:33:12,660
1583
+ ู†ุนูˆุถ ู‡ู†ุงุŒ ุญุงุณู ุฃู† ุฏูŠ Lambda ุจุณูˆุก 2 ููŠ A ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:33:12,660 --> 00:33:21,330
1587
+ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุนุงู„ู€ H ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ K ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ L ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:33:21,330 --> 00:33:28,730
1591
+ Sin ุซุชุง ุฃุฑุจุน ุงู„ุฌู‡ุชูŠู† ุญุงุณุจ ุงู† ุฏูŠ Lambda ุชุฑุจูŠุน
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:33:28,730 --> 00:33:40,110
1595
+ ุจุงู„ุณูˆุงุก ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ H ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ K ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:33:40,110 --> 00:33:48,020
1599
+ L ุชุฑุจูŠุน Sin ุชุฑุจูŠุนฮธ ุงู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฑุจุน ุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู„ุงู…ุถู‰
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:33:48,020 --> 00:34:01,480
1603
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฑุจุน ุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุซู… ุตูŠู† ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุซุชุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชุด
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:34:01,480 --> 00:34:09,320
1607
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ ูƒ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู„ุงู† ุงู„ู„ุงู…ุถู‰ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู†ุง
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:34:09,320 --> 00:34:14,090
1611
+ ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ุดุนุด ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุทูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูŠุฉ ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ุซุงุจุชูˆุงู„
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:34:14,090 --> 00:34:16,150
1615
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุญุช ุงู„ูุญุต ุงู„ lattice
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:34:16,150 --> 00:34:19,530
1619
+ parameter ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุซุงุจุช ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ term ู‡ุฐุง
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:34:19,530 --> 00:34:28,750
1623
+ ุซุงุจุช constant ุงุญู†ุง
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:34:28,750 --> 00:34:30,190
1627
+ ุงู„ reflection ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:34:33,940 --> 00:34:45,360
1631
+ ูˆ ุงู„ H ูˆ ุงู„ K ูˆ ุงู„ L ุจุชู…ุซู„ ุงู„ indices ู„ู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:34:45,360 --> 00:34:54,180
1635
+ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ reflection ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:34:54,180 --> 00:34:56,660
1639
+ reflection ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:34:56,660 --> 00:35:00,000
1643
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฎู…ุณ ูˆ ุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุนุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุด ูˆ ู†ุต
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:35:04,010 --> 00:35:11,450
1647
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฏูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฏุฑ ู…ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ hkl ุนุดุงู† ู„ูˆ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:35:11,450 --> 00:35:17,130
1651
+ ุฒูˆุฏุช ุงู„ theta ุฑูˆุญุช ุน ุงู„ second reflection ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:35:17,130 --> 00:35:22,350
1655
+ theta ุทุจุนุง ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฏู‡ constant ุงุฒูˆุฏุช ุงู„ุจุณุท
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:35:22,350 --> 00:35:30,060
1659
+ ุงูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:35:30,060 --> 00:35:36,540
1663
+ indices H ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุฒ ูƒุชุฑ ุฒ ุฃู„ุชุฑ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูŠุดุŸ ุฃุนู„ู‰
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:35:36,540 --> 00:35:39,060
1667
+ ูˆ ุฑูˆุญุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ constructive
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:35:39,060 --> 00:35:47,300
1671
+ interference ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:35:47,300 --> 00:35:50,920
1675
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ flexure ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:35:50,920 --> 00:35:55,670
1679
+ H ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุฒ ูƒุชุฑ ุฒ ุฃู„ุชุฑ ุจุชุงุนูƒุฃุนู„ู‰ ุนุดุงู† ุงุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:35:55,670 --> 00:36:01,270
1683
+ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ constant ุงู„ุงู†
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:36:01,270 --> 00:36:05,190
1687
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cubic unit cells ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cubic
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:36:05,190 --> 00:36:18,030
1691
+ unit cells ุงู„ุงู†
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:36:18,030 --> 00:36:21,230
1695
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูุฑุถ ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ cubic unit cell ุจุณ
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:36:21,230 --> 00:36:28,560
1699
+ ุงู†ุง ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠsimil cubic ูˆ ู„ุง BCC ูˆ ู„ุง FCC ููŠ
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:36:28,560 --> 00:36:38,520
1703
+ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ูƒู„ all hkl ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‡ู‰
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:36:38,520 --> 00:36:46,340
1707
+ simil cubic ุจุชุนู…ู„ constructive interference ู„ูˆ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:36:46,340 --> 00:36:51,370
1711
+ ูƒุงู†ุช BCCุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ reflections ุฃูˆ ุงู„ construction
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:36:51,370 --> 00:36:55,070
1715
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ .. ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ H ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ K ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:36:55,070 --> 00:37:02,430
1719
+ ุงู„ L ุฑู‚ู… ุฒูˆุฌูŠ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช FCC ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:37:02,430 --> 00:37:12,930
1723
+ FCC ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ indices ูƒู„ู‡ู… ูุฑุฏูŠ ุงูˆ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุฒูˆุฌูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:37:12,930 --> 00:37:14,970
1727
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง reflection ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงูŠุด
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:37:14,970 --> 00:37:21,330
1731
+ reflection ุงู†ุง ุทุจุนุง .. ุงู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ ุชุฌุฑุจุฉุนูุฑุถ ุงู†ุง ู…ุด
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:37:21,330 --> 00:37:24,850
1735
+ ุนุงุฑู ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ .. ุงู„ crystal structure
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:37:24,850 --> 00:37:28,170
1739
+ ุจุณ ุงู†ุง ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ cubic ุจุณ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑู ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ BCC ูˆ ู„ุง
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:37:28,170 --> 00:37:37,610
1743
+ ุงู„ FCC ุงูŠุด ุจูŠุตูˆุฑูˆุง ุจุญุท ูƒู„ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ุงุช ู„ู„
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:37:37,610 --> 00:37:41,770
1747
+ H ูˆ ุงู„ K ูˆ ุงู„ L ู„ู„ู…ุณุชูˆุงุช one zero zero one one
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:37:41,770 --> 00:37:45,870
1751
+ zero one one one ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตูุฑ ุตูุฑ one zero two one
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:37:45,870 --> 00:37:48,290
1755
+ one two ุงุชู†ูŠู† zero two ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:37:51,440 --> 00:37:55,860
1759
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุจู‡ู…ู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ H
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:37:55,860 --> 00:37:59,800
1763
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ K ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ L ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:37:59,800 --> 00:38:04,560
1767
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ ุณูุฑ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงุดูุช ุทูŠู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:38:04,560 --> 00:38:08,740
1771
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ ุณูุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:38:08,740 --> 00:38:13,500
1775
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงุชูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ ุตูุฑ
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:38:13,500 --> 00:38:17,780
1779
+ ุฒุงุฏ ุตูุฑ ุงุฑุจุนุฉูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชุฑุจูŠุน
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:38:17,780 --> 00:38:27,220
1783
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ู„ุงู† ุจุฑุชุจ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุทุจู‚ุง ุชุตุนูŠุฏูŠุง ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ H
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:38:27,220 --> 00:38:30,420
1787
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒูŠ ูƒุชุฑ ุฒูŠ ุฃู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุฑุชุจูŠู‡ ุงู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:38:30,420 --> 00:38:34,960
1791
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงูƒุชุจู‡ู… ู…ูƒุชุจู‡ู… ู…ุด ุจุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุงู„ุตุญ ุจุณ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:38:34,960 --> 00:38:39,000
1795
+ ุงูƒุชุจู‡ู… ุจุฑุชุจู‡ู… ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุชุตุนูŠุฏูŠ ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน H ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒูŠ
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:38:39,000 --> 00:38:47,310
1799
+ ูƒุชุฑ ุฒูŠ ุฃู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู†ุง ู…ุฑุชุจู‡ ุฌุงู‡ุฒ ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุงููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:38:47,310 --> 00:38:53,890
1803
+ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ material simple cubic ูƒู„ ุงู„ h,k ูˆ ุงู„ l
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:38:53,890 --> 00:38:58,330
1807
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ constructive interference ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:38:58,330 --> 00:39:03,700
1811
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†ุงู„ู€ first constructive interference ู„ูˆ
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:39:03,700 --> 00:39:08,000
1815
+ ูƒุงู† ุณูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุฆุฑุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:39:08,000 --> 00:39:13,160
1819
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ุจุณ ุฎู„ุงู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู…ู„ุงุญุธ
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:39:13,160 --> 00:39:15,900
1823
+ ู…ู„ุงุญุธ ุงูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุงุดุชุฑุจูŠุฒุฉ
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:39:15,900 --> 00:39:20,400
1827
+ ุงู„ูƒุชุฑุจูŠุฒุฉ ุงู„ูƒุชุฑุจูŠุฒุฉ ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:39:20,400 --> 00:39:28,440
1831
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุงุดูŠ ุณุจุนุฉ ุชุจุน ููŠ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุชุณุนุฉ
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:39:28,440 --> 00:39:29,500
1835
+ ุงูˆ ุชุณุนุฉ
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:39:32,980 --> 00:39:39,140
1839
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉุŒ ุงุญุฏุงุดุŒ ุงุชู†ุงุดุŒ ุชู„ุชุงุดุŒ ุงุฑุจุนุชุงุด
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:39:39,140 --> 00:39:47,720
1843
+ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ุณูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ุณูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:39:47,720 --> 00:39:53,860
1847
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุน ุงู„ H ูˆ ุงู„ K ูˆ ุงู„ I ุฅูŠุด even ุทูŠุจ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุฌู…ุน
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:39:53,860 --> 00:40:00,960
1851
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ even ูˆู„ุง oddู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุด ู‡ูƒูˆู†
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:40:00,960 --> 00:40:04,980
1855
+ ููŠู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช BCC ู…ุด ู‡ูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ูˆ ุชุนู…ู„
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:40:04,980 --> 00:40:07,340
1859
+ constructive interference ุทูŠุจ ู†ุฌู…ุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฏ
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:40:07,340 --> 00:40:11,320
1863
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฏ ุตูุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ first
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:40:11,320 --> 00:40:16,660
1867
+ construction parameter ุงูˆ ุงู„ first plane ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:40:16,660 --> 00:40:20,160
1871
+ ู†ุณุชูŠู‚ุธ ุนู„ูŠู‡ constructive interference ู†ุฌู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:40:20,160 --> 00:40:27,100
1875
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ูุฑุฏ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ fish ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒุงุฏ
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:40:27,100 --> 00:40:32,840
1879
+ ุตุฑู ุฒูˆุฌูŠู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ second ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:40:32,840 --> 00:40:37,920
1883
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุญ ู„ูŠู‡ constructive interference ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:40:37,920 --> 00:40:43,620
1887
+ material BCC ุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠ ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:40:43,620 --> 00:40:45,420
1891
+ odd ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ fish
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:40:48,590 --> 00:40:52,190
1895
+ ุงู„ุจุนุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฒูˆุฌุฉ
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:40:52,190 --> 00:40:56,070
1899
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ third plane ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ู‡
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:40:56,070 --> 00:41:00,170
1903
+ constructive interference ุทูŠุจ ุชุดูˆููˆุง ุงู„ุจุนุฏุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:41:00,170 --> 00:41:10,950
1907
+ ุฒูŠ ุตูุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุฒุง ุตูุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:41:10,950 --> 00:41:15,670
1911
+ ุฒุง ุตูุฑ ุฒุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒูˆุฌูŠ ุจู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ fourth plane
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:41:15,670 --> 00:41:18,550
1915
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ constructive interference ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:41:18,550 --> 00:41:24,010
1919
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุญู‚ู‚ ุนู†ุฏู‡ Bragg's law ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒุง
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:41:24,010 --> 00:41:32,920
1923
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฑุจุน ุฒุง ูˆุงุญุฏุฎู…ุณุฉ ูุฑุฏุฉ ูุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฒูŠ
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:41:32,920 --> 00:41:36,060
1927
+ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡ ูุฑุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:41:36,060 --> 00:41:36,920
1931
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:41:36,920 --> 00:41:37,300
1935
+ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:41:37,300 --> 00:41:37,440
1939
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:41:37,440 --> 00:41:37,600
1943
+ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:41:37,600 --> 00:41:37,920
1947
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:41:37,920 --> 00:41:39,140
1951
+ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:41:39,140 --> 00:41:45,520
1955
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ุฒูŠ
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:41:45,520 --> 00:41:56,060
1959
+ ุงู„ุณ
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:41:57,310 --> 00:42:01,310
1963
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุชุฉ ุฒูˆุฌูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:42:01,310 --> 00:42:05,430
1967
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ constructive
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:42:05,430 --> 00:42:10,190
1971
+ interference ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช BCC ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงุชุณุงูุฑ
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:42:10,190 --> 00:42:15,200
1975
+ ุฒูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูุฑุฏูŠ ุจุธุจุทุดุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ู‰ ุชู„ุงุช ุฒูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:42:15,200 --> 00:42:18,840
1979
+ ุณุช ู„ุณู‡ ูˆุฌุจุงู†ุงุช ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุณุงุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:42:18,840 --> 00:42:21,760
1983
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ constructive interference ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:42:21,760 --> 00:42:27,580
1987
+ material PCC ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ FCC ู‡ูŠ ุงู…ุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ HQL ูƒู„ู‡ู… odd
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:42:27,580 --> 00:42:34,100
1991
+ ุงูˆ ูƒู„ู‡ู… even ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ zero ู‡ุนุชุจุฑู‡ even ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ zero
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:42:34,100 --> 00:42:41,320
1995
+ ุจูŠู‚ุจู„ ู‚ุณู…ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ุทูŠุจ ู†ุชุทู„ุน ูƒู„ู‡ู… odd
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:42:41,320 --> 00:42:48,630
1999
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŸู‡ุฐุง odd ูˆู‡ุฐุง even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด constructive
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:42:48,630 --> 00:42:53,790
2003
+ interference ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ crystal FCC ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐู‡ odd ..
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:42:53,790 --> 00:42:57,910
2007
+ odd .. even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ุฃ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูƒู„ู‡ู… odd ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:42:57,910 --> 00:43:02,830
2011
+ ุงู„ first plane ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตุจุญ constructive interference
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:43:02,830 --> 00:43:04,490
2015
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุญู‚ู‚ Bragg's law
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:43:07,810 --> 00:43:12,970
2019
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ second plane ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:43:12,970 --> 00:43:16,250
2023
+ ู†ุฑุงู‡ constructive interference ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† FCC ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:43:16,250 --> 00:43:23,870
2027
+ odd ูˆ ููŠู‡ even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุงู†ูุนุด ู‡ุฐุง .. ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠุด ูƒู„ู‡
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:43:23,870 --> 00:43:32,530
2031
+ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุตุญุŸ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ .. ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงู†ูุนุด ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:43:32,530 --> 00:43:37,280
2035
+ ู…ุงู†ูุนุด ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ thirdplane ู…ู…ูƒู†
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:43:37,280 --> 00:43:40,580
2039
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ constructive interference ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ even
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:43:40,580 --> 00:43:49,460
2043
+ ูˆ odd ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจู†ูุนุด ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ odd ูˆ even ุจู†ูุนุด ู‡ู†ุง
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:43:49,460 --> 00:43:55,940
2047
+ odd ูˆ even ุจู†ูุนุด ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู„ู‡ odd ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ force
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:43:55,940 --> 00:43:58,360
2051
+ plane ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ constructive interference
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:44:00,830 --> 00:44:03,790
2055
+ ุทุจ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ fifth plane is
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:44:03,790 --> 00:44:06,250
2059
+ considered constructive interference ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:44:06,250 --> 00:44:11,970
2063
+ odd ูˆ even ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจู†ูุนุด ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ odd ูˆ even ุจู†ูุนุด
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:44:11,970 --> 00:44:24,030
2067
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุทูŠุจ ู„ุณู‡ ููŠ ุงุดูŠ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู†
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:44:24,030 --> 00:44:27,470
2071
+ ุงุญุงูˆู„ ุงู„ุขู†
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:44:34,750 --> 00:44:45,150
2075
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูŠุนู†ู‰
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:44:45,150 --> 00:44:52,150
2079
+ ู‡ู‰ theta ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู‰ theta ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ู‰ theta ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุญุฏ
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:44:52,150 --> 00:44:59,150
2083
+ theta n ุงู„ุงู† ุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‰ sine square
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:45:04,620 --> 00:45:13,120
2087
+ ุซูŠุชุง ุนู„ู‰ H ุชุฑุจูŠุน K ุชุฑุจูŠุน ZL ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:45:13,120 --> 00:45:20,880
2091
+ constant ู…ุธู„ูˆุทุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ูˆ ุญูƒูŠุช ู‡ุฐู‡ theta one sign
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:45:20,880 --> 00:45:29,320
2095
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน theta ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุฎู„ูŠ ุงุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ indices ู„ู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฏู‡ H
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:45:29,320 --> 00:45:37,320
2099
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆK ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆL ูˆุงุญุฏุนู„ู‰ H1 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ K1 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:45:37,320 --> 00:45:45,300
2103
+ L1 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆู‡ุฐุง ฮธุชุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ sign ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุซุชุง
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:45:45,300 --> 00:45:55,400
2107
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ H2 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ K2 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ L2 ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุฑุถู‡
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:45:55,400 --> 00:46:04,790
2111
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ู„ูˆ ูƒู…ู„ุช ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ sign ุชุฑุจูŠุนtheta n ุนู„ู‰
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:46:04,790 --> 00:46:16,110
2115
+ hn ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ kn ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ ln ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ูˆ
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:46:16,110 --> 00:46:23,230
2119
+ ู‚ุณู…ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ sign theta
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:46:23,230 --> 00:46:27,590
2123
+ 2 ุนู„ู‰
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:46:27,590 --> 00:46:28,550
2127
+ ุงู„ sign ุชุฑุจูŠุน
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:46:50,970 --> 00:46:55,070
2131
+ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู‚ูŠุณ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุงูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ุนุงุฑู
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:46:55,070 --> 00:47:00,320
2135
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ measured valuesู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:47:00,320 --> 00:47:07,740
2139
+ measured values ูุงู†ุช ุชุทู„ุน ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:47:07,740 --> 00:47:13,920
2143
+ ุฃุฎุฏ simple ุงูˆ FCC ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุญูƒูŠู‡ ู†ุงุฎุฏ FCC ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ FCC
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:47:13,920 --> 00:47:18,380
2147
+ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ first reflection ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ first reflection ูˆ
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:47:18,380 --> 00:47:23,260
2151
+ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุงู„ second reflection ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง .. ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฌูŠุจ
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:47:23,260 --> 00:47:26,480
2155
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุชุงุน ุงู„ second reflection ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:47:28,030 --> 00:47:30,650
2159
+ ูˆุงู„ second reflection ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงุด ุชุฑุจูŠู‡ ุฒู‰ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงูƒุงู…
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:47:30,650 --> 00:47:35,290
2163
+ ุชู„ุช ุงุฑุจุน ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุช ุงูƒุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏ
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:47:35,290 --> 00:47:41,390
2167
+ ูˆ ุชู„ุช ุตุญ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู„ุช ุทุจ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ first ุงู„ second
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:47:41,390 --> 00:47:45,650
2171
+ reflection ุงู„ semi cubic ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ first ุงุชู†ูŠู†
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:47:45,650 --> 00:47:51,950
2175
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ ratio ุตุญ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุทุจ ุงู„ BCC
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:47:51,950 --> 00:47:56,310
2179
+ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:47:57,240 --> 00:48:01,560
2183
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:48:01,560 --> 00:48:06,940
2187
+ BCC ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ ratio ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช FCC ุจูŠู† second
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:48:06,940 --> 00:48:11,960
2191
+ reflection ุงูˆ ู†ุญูƒูŠ second ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ jump second
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:48:11,960 --> 00:48:15,780
2195
+ reflection ูˆ ุงู„ first reflection ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:48:15,780 --> 00:48:20,620
2199
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ ratio ุจูŠู† second reflectionูˆ ุงู„ first
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:48:20,620 --> 00:48:24,080
2203
+ reflection ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุณู…ูƒ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ bcc ุจุชูƒูˆู†
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:48:24,080 --> 00:48:26,520
2207
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู†ุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ ratio ุจูŠู† ุงู„ second
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:48:26,520 --> 00:48:31,120
2211
+ reflection ูˆ ุงู„ first reflection ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:48:31,120 --> 00:48:37,060
2215
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ FCC ูˆุงุถุญ
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:48:37,060 --> 00:48:41,780
2219
+ ุทุจุนุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† FCC ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ ratio ุจูŠู† ุงู„ second
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:48:41,780 --> 00:48:46,740
2223
+ reflectionูˆุงู„ first reflection ููŠ ุงู„ semi cubic
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:48:46,740 --> 00:48:50,540
2227
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ ratio ุจูŠู† ุงู„ second reflection ูˆ ุงู„
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:48:50,540 --> 00:48:55,240
2231
+ first reflection ููŠ ุงู„ BCC ู‡ูŠ ุงุฑุจุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู†
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:48:55,240 --> 00:49:00,460
2235
+ ุงู…ูˆุฑ ู…ุด ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ุชู„ุงู† ุทูŠุจ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ third
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:49:00,460 --> 00:49:03,820
2239
+ reflection semi cubic ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒุงู…
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:49:03,820 --> 00:49:11,700
2243
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ third reflection
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:49:11,700 --> 00:49:25,160
2247
+ ููŠ ุงู„ BCCู‡ูŠ ู‡ุง ุณุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:49:25,160 --> 00:49:30,460
2251
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ูƒ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุด ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู„ุญุฏ ุชู„ุงู†ู‡ ุตุญุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุฎุฏ ุงู„
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:49:30,460 --> 00:49:34,380
2255
+ fourth reflection ููŠ ุงู„ุณู…ุฑ ูƒูŠุจูƒูŠ ู‡ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ fourth
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:49:34,380 --> 00:49:40,140
2259
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ fourth
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:49:40,140 --> 00:49:43,760
2263
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ BCC ู‡ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ fourth ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:49:44,540 --> 00:49:49,480
2267
+ ุนุงู„ first ูƒุงู…ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฑุจุน ุงุฑุจุน
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:49:49,480 --> 00:49:53,460
2271
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ู†ู…ูŠุฒ ุทูŠุจ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ fifth
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:49:53,460 --> 00:50:00,440
2275
+ reflection ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ fifth ููŠ ุงู„
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:50:00,440 --> 00:50:11,900
2279
+ BCC ุนุดุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณุฉ
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:50:14,080 --> 00:50:19,080
2283
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ simple cubic ุณุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุชุฉ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ุณุงุฏุณ ู…ู†
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:50:19,080 --> 00:50:26,020
2287
+ ุงู„ BCC ู‡ูŠ ุงุชู†ุงุด ุน ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุชุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุฌุฑุฏ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฒ ุทูŠุจ ุฎุฏ
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:50:26,020 --> 00:50:33,840
2291
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ simple cubic ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:50:33,840 --> 00:50:41,960
2295
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฎุฏ ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ BCC ุณุจุนุฉ
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:50:44,030 --> 00:50:51,290
2299
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฑุจุนุชุงุด ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ seventh
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:50:51,290 --> 00:50:58,290
2303
+ reflection ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู…ูŠุฒู†ูŠ ุจุชู…ูŠุฒ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช sign ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฐุง
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:50:58,290 --> 00:51:07,630
2307
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู†ุฏูŠ sign ุงุฐุง
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:51:07,630 --> 00:51:16,970
2311
+ ูƒุงู†ุช sign ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงุชู‚ูŠุช ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุนู„ู‰ sign ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุชูŠุชุง
2312
+
2313
+ 579
2314
+ 00:51:16,970 --> 00:51:20,790
2315
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2316
+
2317
+ 580
2318
+ 00:51:20,790 --> 00:51:24,530
2319
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2320
+
2321
+ 581
2322
+ 00:51:24,530 --> 00:51:24,790
2323
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2324
+
2325
+ 582
2326
+ 00:51:24,790 --> 00:51:25,950
2327
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2328
+
2329
+ 583
2330
+ 00:51:25,950 --> 00:51:26,830
2331
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2332
+
2333
+ 584
2334
+ 00:51:26,830 --> 00:51:27,330
2335
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2336
+
2337
+ 585
2338
+ 00:51:27,330 --> 00:51:31,750
2339
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2340
+
2341
+ 586
2342
+ 00:51:31,750 --> 00:51:42,510
2343
+ ุชู‚
2344
+
2345
+ 587
2346
+ 00:51:42,620 --> 00:51:53,880
2347
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช sin ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุซูŠุชุง ุณุจุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ sin ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุซูŠุชุง
2348
+
2349
+ 588
2350
+ 00:51:53,880 --> 00:52:02,060
2351
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณูŠู…ุจู„
2352
+
2353
+ 589
2354
+ 00:52:02,060 --> 00:52:11,060
2355
+ ูƒูŠูˆุจูƒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช sin ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุซูŠุชุง ุณุจุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ sin ุชุฑุจูŠุน
2356
+
2357
+ 590
2358
+ 00:52:13,080 --> 00:52:23,600
2359
+ ุซูŠุชุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณูˆู‰ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุณุจุนุฉ ูƒูˆู†
2360
+
2361
+ 591
2362
+ 00:52:23,600 --> 00:52:28,120
2363
+ ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ุณูŠ ุทูŠุจ
2364
+
2365
+ 592
2366
+ 00:52:28,120 --> 00:52:35,500
2367
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงุดูˆู ุงู„ example ุชุจุนู†ุง ุงู‡
2368
+
2369
+ 593
2370
+ 00:52:35,500 --> 00:52:41,160
2371
+ ุงู‡ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงุทู„ุน ู‡ุฐู‡
2372
+
2373
+ 594
2374
+ 00:52:44,180 --> 00:52:48,600
2375
+ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ .. ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุชุฌุฑุจุฉ ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ุณู„ุทู†ุง ุฃุดุนุฉ
2376
+
2377
+ 595
2378
+ 00:52:48,600 --> 00:52:53,100
2379
+ ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงุณุชู‚ุจู„ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ู†ุนูƒุณุฉ ูˆ ุทู„ุน ุงู„
2380
+
2381
+ 596
2382
+ 00:52:53,100 --> 00:52:56,920
2383
+ graph ู‡ุฐุง ุฑุณู… ุงู„ graph ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุนูƒุณุฉ ุทุจุนุง
2384
+
2385
+ 597
2386
+ 00:52:56,920 --> 00:52:59,840
2387
+ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู‰ constructive interference ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2388
+
2389
+ 598
2390
+ 00:52:59,840 --> 00:53:03,100
2391
+ ุงู„ุฃุดุนุฉ ุดุฏุช ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง constructive interference
2392
+
2393
+ 599
2394
+ 00:53:03,100 --> 00:53:04,720
2395
+ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง constructive interference ู„ุฃู† ุฏู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ฮธุชุง
2396
+
2397
+ 600
2398
+ 00:53:04,720 --> 00:53:08,920
2399
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุซุชุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุญูˆุงู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงุฑุจุน
2400
+
2401
+ 601
2402
+ 00:53:08,920 --> 00:53:10,980
2403
+ ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู†
2404
+
2405
+ 602
2406
+ 00:53:13,830 --> 00:53:20,370
2407
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุชุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
2408
+
2409
+ 603
2410
+ 00:53:20,370 --> 00:53:27,550
2411
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ูุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2412
+
2413
+ 604
2414
+ 00:53:27,550 --> 00:53:38,590
2415
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุต ูุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ
2416
+
2417
+ 605
2418
+ 00:53:38,590 --> 00:53:49,230
2419
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุตุซูŠุชุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠู†
2420
+
2421
+ 606
2422
+ 00:53:49,230 --> 00:53:53,230
2423
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุชู…ุงู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุซูŠุชุง
2424
+
2425
+ 607
2426
+ 00:53:53,230 --> 00:54:00,550
2427
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
2428
+
2429
+ 608
2430
+ 00:54:00,550 --> 00:54:05,310
2431
+ ูˆุงุฑุจุนูŠู† ุตุญ ุทุจ ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ุญุณุจ ุตูŠู† ุซูŠุชุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตูŠู† ุชุฑุจูŠุน
2432
+
2433
+ 609
2434
+ 00:54:05,310 --> 00:54:15,820
2435
+ ุซูŠุชุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุตูŠู† ุชุฑุจูŠุนtheta ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ู‡ูŠ
2436
+
2437
+ 610
2438
+ 00:54:15,820 --> 00:54:22,660
2439
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† sin ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุต ุนู„ู‰ sin
2440
+
2441
+ 611
2442
+ 00:54:22,660 --> 00:54:30,020
2443
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุงูƒู… ุชุทู„ุน ุณุจูˆู„ูŠู‡ุง ุณูุฑ ุฎู…ุณ
2444
+
2445
+ 612
2446
+ 00:54:30,020 --> 00:54:38,180
2447
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุด FCC ู‡ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
2448
+
2449
+ 613
2450
+ 00:54:38,180 --> 00:54:40,480
2451
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ it is not
2452
+
2453
+ 614
2454
+ 00:54:45,960 --> 00:54:52,980
2455
+ FCC ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ curve ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ุจูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ู…ุด
2456
+
2457
+ 615
2458
+ 00:54:52,980 --> 00:54:55,560
2459
+ ุญุงุถุฑ ุจุฏูŠ reflections ุงูƒุชุฑ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง
2460
+
2461
+ 616
2462
+ 00:54:55,560 --> 00:55:01,160
2463
+ ุจุชุทู„ุน BCC ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงูุชุฑุถ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุญุณุจู†ุง ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ
2464
+
2465
+ 617
2466
+ 00:55:01,160 --> 00:55:04,980
2467
+ ุงูุชุฑุถ
2468
+
2469
+ 618
2470
+ 00:55:04,980 --> 00:55:12,740
2471
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง BCC ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช BCC ุงู„
2472
+
2473
+ 619
2474
+ 00:55:12,740 --> 00:55:18,300
2475
+ first reflectionุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุจูŠุดูŠ ุณูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
2476
+
2477
+ 620
2478
+ 00:55:18,300 --> 00:55:29,040
2479
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
2480
+
2481
+ 621
2482
+ 00:55:29,040 --> 00:55:35,020
2483
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตูุฑ ุตูุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
2484
+
2485
+ 622
2486
+ 00:55:35,020 --> 00:55:38,140
2487
+ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูุนู„ุง ูˆุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช
2488
+
2489
+ 623
2490
+ 00:55:40,460 --> 00:55:50,800
2491
+ ู‡ูˆ BCC ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช 112 ุงูˆ 211 ู…ุด ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ 112
2492
+
2493
+ 624
2494
+ 00:55:50,800 --> 00:55:56,940
2495
+ ุงูˆ 211 ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุตุญูŠุญ ุงู†ุง ุงุชุนุฑูุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุฑูุชู‡ ุงู†ู‡
2496
+
2497
+ 625
2498
+ 00:55:56,940 --> 00:56:02,440
2499
+ ุงูˆู„ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุนุฑูุชู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ FCC ูˆ ู„ุง similar cubic ูˆ
2500
+
2501
+ 626
2502
+ 00:56:02,440 --> 00:56:06,500
2503
+ ู„ุง BCC ู‡ุงูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุทุงู„ู…ุง ุนุฑูุช ุงู†
2504
+
2505
+ 627
2506
+ 00:56:06,500 --> 00:56:08,920
2507
+ ู‡ูˆ BCC ุจุนุฑู ุงุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช
2508
+
2509
+ 628
2510
+ 00:56:11,720 --> 00:56:25,380
2511
+ ููŠ ุงูŠ ุณุคุงู„ุŸ ุทูŠุจ
2512
+
2513
+ 629
2514
+ 00:56:25,380 --> 00:56:31,020
2515
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒูŠู ุชุนู…ู„ indexing ู„ู„ crystal
2516
+
2517
+ 630
2518
+ 00:56:31,020 --> 00:56:38,800
2519
+ structure ู„ุงู† ููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ุซู„ hcpุฃูˆ ุงูŠ
2520
+
2521
+ 631
2522
+ 00:56:38,800 --> 00:56:41,120
2523
+ ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุฑุจุนุชุงุดุฑ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ crystal
2524
+
2525
+ 632
2526
+ 00:56:41,120 --> 00:56:47,760
2527
+ structure ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุชู†ูุนุด ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุณ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
2528
+
2529
+ 633
2530
+ 00:56:47,760 --> 00:56:55,660
2531
+ cubic unit cells ููŠ ุงูƒูŠุฏ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฐุง
2532
+
2533
+ 634
2534
+ 00:56:55,660 --> 00:57:01,220
2535
+ ุญุฏ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง presentation ู†ุนุทูŠู‡ ุจูˆุงู†ุง ุตุฑูŠุญุฉ
2536
+
2537
+ 635
2538
+ 00:57:01,220 --> 00:57:05,780
2539
+ ุทุจ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุฃู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ .. ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„
2540
+
2541
+ 636
2542
+ 00:57:05,780 --> 00:57:08,700
2543
+ structure ู…ุด ู…ุนุฑูˆูุŒ ุฃูŠ ุงุดูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†ุŒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูƒูŠูˆุจูƒ
2544
+
2545
+ 637
2546
+ 00:57:08,700 --> 00:57:13,400
2547
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ุด ูƒูŠูˆุจูƒ ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ extra
2548
+
2549
+ 638
2550
+ 00:57:13,400 --> 00:57:17,180
2551
+ diffractionุŸ
2552
+
2553
+ 639
2554
+ 00:57:17,180 --> 00:57:22,620
2555
+ ู…ุนุงูƒ ุฃุณุจูˆุนุŒ ุฃูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุŸ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู†ูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตู†ุง ุดุจุทุฑุŒ
2556
+
2557
+ 640
2558
+ 00:57:22,620 --> 00:57:26,420
2559
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ุฃุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุนููˆ
2560
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbBCceOozNtoSQCtYlAhMQo/LvqIm_aNwWo.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1695 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:05,250 --> 00:00:07,930
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:07,930 --> 00:00:13,090
7
+ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุชูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:13,090 --> 00:00:17,850
11
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุฑุงุฌุนู†ุง ุดุจุชุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุดุจุชุฑ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:17,850 --> 00:00:22,240
15
+ ุดุจุชุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ูู‡ู…ู†ุง ุนุงู…ุฉ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:22,240 --> 00:00:25,720
19
+ ุนู† ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุณุงุนุชู‡ุง ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉุŒ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:25,720 --> 00:00:29,940
23
+ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ููŠุฒูŠุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ู…ุบู†ุงุทูŠุณูŠุฉุŒ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:29,940 --> 00:00:33,420
27
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏุŒ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:33,420 --> 00:00:36,100
31
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุŒ ุงู„ smart materialsุŒ ุงู„ nano
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:36,100 --> 00:00:40,260
35
+ materialsุŒ ุงู„ piece of ceramic materialsุŒ chapter
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:40,260 --> 00:00:45,080
39
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูƒุงู† ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุก ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ ..ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:45,080 --> 00:00:49,820
43
+ ุงู„ Bohr model ู„ู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ quantum mechanics
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:49,820 --> 00:00:55,200
47
+ ูˆ ุงู„ wave ูˆ ุงู„ wave mechanics model ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ ..
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:55,200 --> 00:00:57,900
51
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง four quantum numbers ุงู„ principle quantum
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:00:57,900 --> 00:01:02,960
55
+ number ูˆ ุงู„ ..ูˆ ุงู„ angular momentum quantum
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:02,960 --> 00:01:05,780
59
+ number ูˆ ุงู„ magnetic quantum number ูˆ ุงู„ spin quantum
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:05,780 --> 00:01:10,620
63
+ number ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง shells ูˆ sub shells ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:10,620 --> 00:01:14,600
67
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ S ูˆ ุงู„ P ูˆ ุงู„ D ูˆ ุงู„
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:14,600 --> 00:01:19,560
71
+ F ูˆ ุฅู„ู‰ ุขุฎุฑู‡ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:19,560 --> 00:01:23,700
75
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุบุงุฒุงุช ุงู„ุฎุงู…ู„ุฉ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:23,700 --> 00:01:31,330
79
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ 1A ุฅู„ู‰ 7A ูˆ 1B ุฅู„ู‰ 7B ูˆุดูˆูู†ุง ูƒูŠู
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:31,330 --> 00:01:35,930
83
+ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุฃูˆ ุงู„ trend ุงู„ุชูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุนุงู… ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:35,930 --> 00:01:42,250
87
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนุฑูู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:42,250 --> 00:01:46,710
91
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฑูˆุงุจุท ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:46,710 --> 00:01:50,910
95
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ุงู„ุชุณุงู‡ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:50,910 --> 00:01:52,870
99
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠุฉ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:54,210 --> 00:01:59,630
103
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:59,630 --> 00:02:05,890
107
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:05,890 --> 00:02:09,450
111
+ ู„ูŠุด
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:09,450 --> 00:02:14,090
115
+ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุฏุฑุณ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉุŸ ู„ูŠุด ู†ุฏุฑุณ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:14,090 --> 00:02:20,090
119
+ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉุŸ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:20,090 --> 00:02:25,530
123
+ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:25,530 --> 00:02:29,670
127
+ ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:29,670 --> 00:02:35,130
131
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู‡ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:35,130 --> 00:02:39,950
135
+ diamond ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงููŠุช ู…ุด crystal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:39,950 --> 00:02:42,990
139
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ crystal ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงููŠุช ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:42,990 --> 00:02:43,650
143
+ ุดูƒู„ crystal
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:47,470 --> 00:02:50,690
147
+ ุงู„ู€ Crystalline Materials ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:50,690 --> 00:02:58,410
151
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ุชุธู… ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑ ููŠ 3D
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:58,410 --> 00:03:01,390
155
+ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ู…ู†ุชุธู… ููŠ ูƒู„
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:01,390 --> 00:03:08,550
159
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุจุนุงุฏ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ X Y Z ุงู„
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:08,550 --> 00:03:13,830
163
+ lattice ู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง lattice points
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:13,830 --> 00:03:22,130
167
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ ุจุชุฑุชูŠุจ ู…ู†ุชุธู… periodic ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุชูƒุฑุฑ ู…ุญูŠุท
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:22,130 --> 00:03:26,930
171
+ ูƒู„ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุนุฏุฏ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:26,930 --> 00:03:29,510
175
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฑุงุญ ุชุตุจุญ ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจู€ 6 ู†ู‚ุงุท
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:29,510 --> 00:03:36,630
179
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจู€ 12 ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ lattice ุฅุญู†ุง
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:36,630 --> 00:03:42,180
183
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุจุชุฑุชู‘ุจ ููŠ ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ู…ู†ุชุธู… ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุซู„ุงุซูŠ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:42,180 --> 00:03:48,580
187
+ ุงู„ุฃุจุนุงุฏ ู…ู†ุชุธู… ูˆ ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุฅูŠุด crystal ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉ ู„ุฃู†
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:48,580 --> 00:03:53,880
191
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุฒุงู„ ู…ู…ุชุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ 3D ูˆ ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู„ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:53,880 --> 00:03:58,820
195
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุญุฌู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู…ุซู„ ุงู„
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:58,820 --> 00:04:03,080
199
+ crystal ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุญุชูุธ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ crystal
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:03,080 --> 00:04:07,400
203
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ unit cell ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ smallest repeating
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:07,400 --> 00:04:12,800
207
+ representative volume of a crystal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ุญุฌู…
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:12,800 --> 00:04:18,180
211
+ ู…ู…ุซู„ ู„ู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุถู„ ูŠุชูƒุฑุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:18,180 --> 00:04:23,780
215
+ ุจุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ unit cell ูƒู…ู…ุซู„ ู„ู„ crystal
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:25,310 --> 00:04:30,070
219
+ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ูƒู„ unit cell ู„ู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:30,070 --> 00:04:37,250
223
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ crystal ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ lattice
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:37,250 --> 00:04:39,090
227
+ parameters ุงู„ lattice parameters ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:39,090 --> 00:04:44,110
231
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุงู„ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช x y z ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ุฐุง right hand
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:44,110 --> 00:04:48,590
235
+ coordinate system ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู„ูุช ุงู„ x ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ y ุจู‡ุฐุง
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:48,590 --> 00:04:54,360
239
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด z ุงู„ lattice parameters ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ size
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:54,360 --> 00:04:58,980
243
+ ูˆุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ unit cell ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ unit cell
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:58,980 --> 00:05:06,920
247
+ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุซู„ุงุซูŠ ุงู„ุฃุจุนุงุฏ ู…ุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุจุนุงุฏ a ูˆ b ูˆ c
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:06,920 --> 00:05:13,700
251
+ ููŠ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฒูˆุงูŠุง alpha ูˆ beta ูˆ gamma ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุงู„ general
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:13,700 --> 00:05:21,160
255
+ ุงู„ a ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ B ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ C ูˆ ุงู„ Alpha ูˆ ุงู„ Beta ูˆ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:21,160 --> 00:05:27,520
259
+ ุงู„ gamma ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู€ 90 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู‡ู†ุดูˆู
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:27,520 --> 00:05:32,460
263
+ ุฃูˆู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ crystals ููŠู‡ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ face
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:32,460 --> 00:05:38,620
267
+ centered cubic face centered cubic ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:38,620 --> 00:05:41,860
271
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ู…ูƒุนุจ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:44,740 --> 00:05:49,360
275
+ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุถู„ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ู‡ ุชุณุงูุฑูŠู† ุชุฑุชุนูˆุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:49,360 --> 00:05:54,860
279
+ corner ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ ูˆุนู„ู‰
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:54,860 --> 00:06:03,080
283
+ ูƒู„ face ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ูƒู… corner ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ูƒุนุจ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:03,080 --> 00:06:08,560
287
+ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ corners ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุงุช ูˆ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:08,560 --> 00:06:16,570
291
+ ูƒู… ูˆุฌู‡ุŸ ุณุชุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุฃูˆุฌู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ูƒู… ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:16,570 --> 00:06:22,870
295
+ ุงู„ unit cell ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:22,870 --> 00:06:29,790
299
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ corners ุงู„
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:29,790 --> 00:06:34,370
303
+ corner ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ุจูŠู† ุซู…ุงู† unit cells ู…ุชุฌุงูˆุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:34,370 --> 00:06:39,030
307
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ corners ููŠ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:39,030 --> 00:06:50,090
311
+ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ unit cells ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุณุช ุฃุณุทุญ ููŠ ู†ุต ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ุตูŠู†
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:50,090 --> 00:06:57,710
315
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฅู† ูƒู„ unit
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:57,710 --> 00:07:03,850
319
+ cell ุจุชุณุชุญูˆุฐ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฐุฑุงุช ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:07,730 --> 00:07:13,030
323
+ ุงู„ FCC crystal structure ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุฒูŠ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:13,030 --> 00:07:20,050
327
+ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฑุตุงุต ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูุถุฉ ูˆ ุฒูŠ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:20,050 --> 00:07:25,970
331
+ ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง FCC ุงู„
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:25,970 --> 00:07:30,330
335
+ coordination number ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ ุฃูˆ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:30,330 --> 00:07:34,070
339
+ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงู…ุณุฉ ู„ุฐุฑุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู†
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:34,070 --> 00:07:36,990
343
+ ู…ุญูŠุท ู„ุฐุฑุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุช ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ coordination
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:36,990 --> 00:07:42,010
347
+ number ููŠ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:42,010 --> 00:07:45,830
351
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ FCC ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ูƒู„ ุฐุฑุฉ ูˆ ุฑุณู…ุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ solidwork
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:45,830 --> 00:07:50,890
355
+ ูˆ ุฑุณู…ุชู‡ุง ุจู€ 3D ู‡ุชูƒุชุดู ูƒู„ ุฐุฑุฉ ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุช ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ ุจู€
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:50,890 --> 00:07:56,210
359
+ 12 ุฐุฑุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ coordination number ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:56,210 --> 00:08:01,770
363
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠุด 12 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุฃุฎุฐูˆุง ูƒุฐุง unit cell ูˆ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:01,770 --> 00:08:05,330
367
+ ุชูƒุฑุฑูˆู†ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ solid work ูˆ ุชู„ูˆู† ูˆ ุชุฏูˆุฑ ูˆ ุชุดูˆู ูƒู…
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:05,330 --> 00:08:09,850
371
+ ุฐุฑุฉ ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุช ู‡ุชูƒุชุดููˆุง ุฅู†ู‡ู… ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ุฐุฑุฉ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:09,850 --> 00:08:14,970
375
+ ุฎุงู†ุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ atomic packing factor ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:14,970 --> 00:08:22,430
379
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅุดุบุงู„ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ unit cell ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุฅุญู†ุง
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:22,430 --> 00:08:26,550
383
+ ุงู„ model ูุฑุถู†ุง ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุฅูŠุด ูƒุฑุฉ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:28,530 --> 00:08:32,710
387
+ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุฑุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุชุนุจุฆุฉ unit cell ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:32,710 --> 00:08:35,330
391
+ ุญุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูƒุนุจ ู…ูƒุนุจุงุช ุจูŠุนุจูŠู‡ุง ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:35,330 --> 00:08:40,790
395
+ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ุง ูƒุฑูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ unit cell ููŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ูุฑุงุบุงุช
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:40,790 --> 00:08:44,650
399
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฅู† ุงู„ unit cell ู…ุด ู…ุดุบูˆู„ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุงู„ atomic
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:44,650 --> 00:08:49,130
403
+ packing factor ุจู…ุซู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ volume of atoms ููŠ one
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:49,130 --> 00:08:53,930
407
+ unit cell ุนู„ู‰ total unit cell volume
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:59,530 --> 00:09:04,390
411
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฌุฏูˆู„ 3-1 ู…ุนุทูŠู†
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:04,390 --> 00:09:07,390
415
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ FCC Aluminium
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:07,390 --> 00:09:15,450
419
+ FCC ู…ุนุทูŠู† ุงู„ atomic radius ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ nickel FCC
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:15,450 --> 00:09:21,110
423
+ ู…ุนุทูŠู† ุงู„ atomic radius ุทุจุนู‹ุง ููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:21,110 --> 00:09:28,420
427
+ crystal structures ุฒูŠ ุงู„ HCP ุฒูŠ ุงู„ BCC ูุฅุญู†ุง ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุง
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:28,420 --> 00:09:32,840
431
+ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ FCC ุงู„ FCC ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ aluminium ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:32,840 --> 00:09:39,640
435
+ ู†ุญุงุณ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฐู‡ุจ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฑุตุงุต ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ nickel ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:39,640 --> 00:09:50,080
439
+ plutonium ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูุถุฉ ุงู„ silver ูˆ ุจุณ ุทูŠุจ ู†ุงุฎุฐ ู…ุซุงู„
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:50,080 --> 00:09:52,980
443
+ ุจูƒูŠููŠ ู†ูƒู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุช
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:55,750 --> 00:10:00,450
447
+ ุงู„ู€ lattice parameter ุจุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ atomic radius R ู„ู€
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:00,450 --> 00:10:04,990
451
+ FCC unit cell ุฃู†ุง
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:04,990 --> 00:10:10,370
455
+ ุจุงูŠู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ unit cell ุฏูŠ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:10,370 --> 00:10:11,850
459
+ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ู…ุนูŠู†
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:46,240 --> 00:10:53,260
463
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ lattice parameter A ูˆู‡ุฐุง
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:53,260 --> 00:11:00,760
467
+ A ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:11:00,760 --> 00:11:12,910
471
+ ุชุชุดู†ุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠ R ูˆ R 2 ูˆ R 3 ูˆ R 4 ูˆุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:11:12,910 --> 00:11:17,670
475
+ ู…ุซู„ุซ ู‚ุงุฆู… ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ = 4 R ุฅุฐุง ุจุฃุณุชุฎุฏู…
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:17,670 --> 00:11:23,870
479
+ ููŠุซุงุบูˆุฑุซ ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ 4 R ุชุฑุจูŠุน
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:11:23,870 --> 00:11:33,150
483
+ ุจุงู„ุชุณุงูˆูŠ 2 A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุตุญุŸ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒูŠ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:11:33,150 --> 00:11:39,910
487
+ A ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุงู„ุชุณุงูˆูŠ 4 R ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฐุฑ 2 ุตุญุŸ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:11:43,160 --> 00:11:48,800
491
+ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ุจุณุท ููŠ ุฌุฐุฑ 2 ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ููŠ ุฌุฐุฑ 2
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:48,800 --> 00:11:52,420
495
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:52,420 --> 00:12:00,540
499
+ ุงู„ a ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 2 ุฌุฐุฑ 2 ุงู„ R ุฃู†ุง ุฌุงูŠุจ 2
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:12:00,540 --> 00:12:03,080
503
+ ุฌุฐุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠุด ูŠุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:12:03,080 --> 00:12:09,160
507
+ ูููŠ ุตูุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฌุฐุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ R ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุญุณุจุช ุงู„ู€
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:12:09,160 --> 00:12:12,660
511
+ lattice parameter ุจุฌู„ุงู„ุฉ ู†ุตู ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:12:16,410 --> 00:12:21,010
515
+ ุทุจ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู€ volume ู„ู„ู€ unit cellุŸ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:12:21,010 --> 00:12:27,770
519
+ ุงู„ู€ volume ู„ู„ู€ unit cell ุงูŠุด ูŠุณุงูˆูŠุŸ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:12:27,770 --> 00:12:38,950
523
+ ู…ูƒุนุจุŒ ุงูŠุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ูƒุนุจุŸ ุฃูŠ ุชูƒุนูŠุจุŸ ุญุงุฌุฉ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:38,950 --> 00:12:50,850
527
+ ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† are ูƒู„ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:12:50,850 --> 00:13:02,970
531
+ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‚ูุตู‘ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:13:02,970 --> 00:13:12,230
535
+ ู‚ูุตู‘ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒุนุจู‡ุง ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:13:14,860 --> 00:13:25,640
539
+ ู‚ูุตู‘ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ู†ุต ุตุญุŸ ุญุธูˆุธุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‚ูุตู‘ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:13:25,640 --> 00:13:32,620
543
+ ููŠ ุฌุฐุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุชุงุดุฑ ุฌุฐุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:13:32,620 --> 00:13:40,940
547
+ ุณุชุงุดุฑ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุณุชุงุดุฑ ุฌุฐุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฑ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:13:45,980 --> 00:13:52,420
551
+ ุทูŠุจ ุจุฏู‡ ุงู„ู€ atomic packing factor ุงู„ู€ atomic
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:13:52,420 --> 00:14:00,300
555
+ factor ุจูŠุณุชูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ volume of atoms ุฌูˆู‡ ุงู„ู€ unit cell
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:14:00,300 --> 00:14:08,780
559
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู€ unit cell ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:14:08,780 --> 00:14:16,150
563
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ FCC ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฐุฑุงุช ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:14:16,150 --> 00:14:25,630
567
+ ุดูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุจุงูŠ ุงุฑ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู€ unit
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:14:25,630 --> 00:14:36,430
571
+ cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณุชุงุดุฑ ุฌุฐุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฑ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ุณูŠุจูˆู‡ุง ุชุทู„ุน
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:14:36,430 --> 00:14:39,790
575
+ ุชุทู„ุน 0.74
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:14:43,660 --> 00:14:47,820
579
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุดุบู„ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ 74% ููŠ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:14:47,820 --> 00:14:52,380
583
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู€ unit cell 74% ุงู„ู„ูŠ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:14:52,380 --> 00:14:56,980
587
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู…ุดุบูˆู„ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ููŠ ูุฑุงุบุงุช ุงู„ู€ volume ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:14:56,980 --> 00:15:10,560
591
+ ู…ุซู„ 26% ู‡ุฐุง
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:15:10,560 --> 00:15:19,330
595
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ BCC BCC unit
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:15:19,330 --> 00:15:24,830
599
+ cell
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:15:24,830 --> 00:15:37,610
603
+ ู‡ุฐุง
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:15:37,610 --> 00:15:41,170
607
+ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ body
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:15:41,170 --> 00:15:47,380
611
+ centered cubic ุงู„ู€ body centered cubic ุนู†ุฏ ู…ูƒุนุจ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:15:47,380 --> 00:15:52,940
615
+ corner ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ ูˆููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุชุฑ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:15:52,940 --> 00:15:59,840
619
+ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ touching ุฃูˆ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:15:59,840 --> 00:16:04,120
623
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ touching ุงู„ู…ุนู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:16:04,120 --> 00:16:11,560
627
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒูŠู ุฃุฌุณุฑ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู†ุŸ ุชู‚ูˆู… ููŠ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:16:11,560 --> 00:16:15,960
631
+ ูˆููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฌูˆุง ูƒุงู…ู„ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ุฐุฑุงุช ู„ูƒู„ unit cell
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:16:15,960 --> 00:16:22,200
635
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูƒู„ ุฐุฑุฉ ุทุงู„ุนุฉ ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:16:22,200 --> 00:16:26,780
639
+ ุจูŠุญูˆุทู‡ุง ุจุซู…ุงู† ุฐุฑุงุช ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู€ coordination number
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:16:26,780 --> 00:16:36,900
643
+ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ atomic packing factor 68% ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:16:36,900 --> 00:16:39,380
647
+ ู†ุฌุฏ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุจูŠู†
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:16:42,040 --> 00:16:46,600
651
+ ุงู„ู€ Lattice parameter A ูˆ ู†ุตู ู‚ุทุฑ ุฐุฑุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูˆุด ุฏูŠ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:16:46,600 --> 00:16:55,760
655
+ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:17:26,840 --> 00:17:32,360
659
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุถู„ุน A
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:17:32,360 --> 00:17:45,160
663
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง A ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง A ุตุญ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:17:45,160 --> 00:17:54,060
667
+ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ูู†ุฏูŠ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:17:54,060 --> 00:18:02,530
671
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุฐุฑุฉ ููŠ ุฐุฑุชูŠู† .. ููŠ ุฐุฑุชูŠู† touching ุตุญุŸ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:18:02,530 --> 00:18:07,350
675
+ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ ู‡ุฐุง ูุงู†ุญูƒูŠ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:18:07,350 --> 00:18:17,490
679
+ A B C ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:18:17,490 --> 00:18:18,030
683
+ A ุจ C
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:18:26,490 --> 00:18:33,050
687
+ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุถู„ุน A B ุฅูŠุด ูŠุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุงูŠ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:18:33,050 --> 00:18:36,070
691
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู… ุตุญุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:18:36,070 --> 00:18:46,790
695
+ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑ ูู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุฐุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† A ูˆุงู„ุถู„ุน B C ุฅูŠุด ุทูˆู„ู‡ุŸ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:18:46,790 --> 00:18:50,850
699
+ A ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ A B C ููŠ ููŠุซุงุบูˆุฑุณ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ A C
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:18:50,850 --> 00:19:01,740
703
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ A B ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:19:01,740 --> 00:19:06,580
707
+ ุงู„ู€ A C ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู„ุญุธุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:19:06,580 --> 00:19:11,980
711
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† R ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ R ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ R ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:19:11,980 --> 00:19:17,940
715
+ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† 4 R ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ 4 R ู„ูƒู„
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:19:17,940 --> 00:19:25,420
719
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ A B ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ 2 A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฆุฏ B
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:19:25,420 --> 00:19:26,680
723
+ C ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:19:29,530 --> 00:19:36,730
727
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ 3 A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ A ู‡ุชุณุงูˆูŠ 4 R
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:19:36,730 --> 00:19:42,670
731
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฐุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:19:42,670 --> 00:19:47,870
735
+ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€ volume ุชุนุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ cell volume ุชุนุงู„ูŠู†
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:19:47,870 --> 00:19:51,430
739
+ ุงู„ู€ cell ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:19:51,430 --> 00:19:54,850
743
+ ุณุงูˆูŠ A ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ุตุญุŸ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:19:57,990 --> 00:20:03,090
747
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† 64 R
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:20:03,090 --> 00:20:08,930
751
+ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุฐุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุฌุฐุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุฌุฐุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:20:08,930 --> 00:20:14,850
755
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฌุฐุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:20:14,850 --> 00:20:18,650
759
+ ุทูŠุจ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:20:18,650 --> 00:20:21,130
763
+ ุงู„ู€ volume ู„ู„ู€ atoms ููŠ ุงู„ู€ unit cell ุงูŠุด ูŠุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุงู„ู€
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:20:21,130 --> 00:20:26,150
767
+ volume ู„ู„ู€ atoms ุฌูˆู‡ ุงู„ู€ unit cell ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:20:28,240 --> 00:20:36,960
771
+ ุฐุฑุชูŠู† ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง 4/3 ุจุงูŠ R ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:20:36,960 --> 00:20:45,060
775
+ ุงู„ู€ atomic packing factor ุงู„ู€ V ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ atoms ุนู„ู‰ V
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:20:45,060 --> 00:20:50,820
779
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ unit cell ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† 8
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:20:50,820 --> 00:20:54,480
783
+ ุจุงูŠ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:20:54,480 --> 00:21:04,220
787
+ R ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ 64
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:21:04,220 --> 00:21:07,420
791
+ ุงุฑุชูƒูŠุจ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:21:07,420 --> 00:21:20,460
795
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฌุฐุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูƒูŠุจ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ู…ุน
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:21:20,460 --> 00:21:27,680
799
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูƒูŠุจ ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงู„ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุงู…
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:21:27,680 --> 00:21:32,280
803
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุญุณุจูˆู‡ุง
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:21:32,280 --> 00:21:39,720
807
+ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุชุทู„ุน 0.68
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:21:39,720 --> 00:21:44,640
811
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ BCC unit cell ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู†ุง ุดุงุบู„ 68% ูˆ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:21:44,640 --> 00:21:47,580
815
+ 60 ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู€ unit cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:21:47,580 --> 00:21:50,140
819
+ 32% ูุฑุงุบ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:21:59,310 --> 00:22:05,570
823
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฅุญุตุงุฆูŠู‹ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฏุงุฆู…ุฉ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:22:05,570 --> 00:22:11,810
827
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ู€ shells ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุญุธูŠู‹ุง ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ู„ุญุธูŠู‹ุง
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:22:11,810 --> 00:22:16,390
831
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:22:16,390 --> 00:22:19,270
835
+ orbitals ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูƒู„ ุฐุฑุฉ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง ุจุชู‡ุชุฒ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:22:34,350 --> 00:22:39,470
839
+ ุทูŠุจ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุฅู† ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู†
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:22:39,470 --> 00:22:43,290
843
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจู‡ุง BCC ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุงุฑุณ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:22:43,290 --> 00:22:49,790
847
+ ุดุนูŠุฑุงุช ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† BCC ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุณุฎู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 900 ุงูŠุด
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:22:49,790 --> 00:22:55,110
851
+ ุฒูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ FCC ุณุฎู†ู‡ุง ู„ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 1000 ูˆุดูŠุก ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุจูŠุฑุฌุน
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:22:55,110 --> 00:23:06,510
855
+ BCC ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ Chromium BCC ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ ู…ูˆู„ูŠุจุฏูŠู†ูŠูˆู… BCC ูˆุนู†ุฏ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:23:06,510 --> 00:23:18,250
859
+ ุงู„ุชู†ุฌุณุชู† BCC ููŠ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:23:18,250 --> 00:23:22,930
863
+ ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู„ุช hexagonal
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:23:22,930 --> 00:23:27,250
867
+ closed packed structure HCP
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:23:33,140 --> 00:23:38,120
871
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุณุฏุงุณูŠ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:23:38,120 --> 00:23:41,240
875
+ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:23:41,240 --> 00:23:46,240
879
+ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ุดูƒู„ ุณุฏุงุณูŠ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฃุถู„ุงุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:23:46,240 --> 00:23:47,820
883
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:23:47,820 --> 00:23:47,840
887
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:23:47,840 --> 00:23:48,060
891
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:23:48,060 --> 00:23:50,240
895
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:23:50,240 --> 00:24:00,700
899
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:24:00,700 --> 00:24:09,020
903
+ ุฃูŠูˆุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ููŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ุฐุฑุฉ ูˆููŠู‡
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:24:09,020 --> 00:24:13,160
907
+ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:24:13,160 --> 00:24:19,940
911
+ ุงู„ุฎุถุฑ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู… ูˆุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:24:19,940 --> 00:24:25,000
915
+ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู… ุฌุงุก ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุฐุฑุฉ touching ู…ู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุช ุฐุฑุงุช
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:24:25,000 --> 00:24:29,480
919
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูˆ touching ุงู„ุชู„ุงุช ุฐุฑุงุช ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู† ุฃุณูู„ ุฃู†ุง ุญุงู„ูŠู‹ุง
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:24:29,480 --> 00:24:35,440
923
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฆู… ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:24:35,440 --> 00:24:42,660
927
+ ููŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ touching ู„ุชู„ุงุช ุฐุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุชุญุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:24:42,660 --> 00:24:50,200
931
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆู…ู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ุขู† ููˆู‚ ู‡ุฐู‡
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:24:50,200 --> 00:24:57,330
935
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุนุงู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ touching ู…ู† ุชุญุช
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:24:57,330 --> 00:25:05,390
939
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆู…ู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:25:05,390 --> 00:25:15,190
943
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ HCP ุนู„ู‰
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:25:15,190 --> 00:25:21,150
947
+ ูƒู… ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนู†ุฏ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:25:21,150 --> 00:25:22,470
951
+ ุฃูƒุงู… corner
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:25:29,540 --> 00:25:38,420
955
+ 12 ููŠู‡ ุงุชุถุฑุน ุงู„ู€ corner ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:25:38,420 --> 00:25:43,720
959
+ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู…ุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:25:43,720 --> 00:25:48,940
963
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุญุท ูƒู…ุงู† ุทุจู‚ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู†ุชู‡ ุณุฏุณ ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:25:48,940 --> 00:25:49,520
967
+ ููŠู‡ ุณุฏุณ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:25:55,630 --> 00:26:07,810
971
+ ุทูŠุจ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุฒุงุฆุฏ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:26:07,810 --> 00:26:12,670
975
+ ููŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฌูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:26:12,670 --> 00:26:18,790
979
+ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ุงูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:26:31,610 --> 00:26:35,410
983
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญูˆุฌ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ A ูˆ ุงู„ู€ atomic radius
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:26:35,410 --> 00:26:41,010
987
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฎุฏ ุงู„ู€ face ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ face ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:27:39,920 --> 00:27:44,180
991
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ touching ู‡ุฐุง
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:27:44,180 --> 00:27:51,000
995
+ ุทู„ุน A
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:27:51,000 --> 00:27:54,020
999
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง A ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง A 60ุŒ 60ุŒ 60ุŒ 60ุŒ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:27:54,020 --> 00:27:54,640
1003
+ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:27:54,640 --> 00:27:54,900
1007
+ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:27:54,900 --> 00:27:55,220
1011
+ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:27:55,220 --> 00:27:58,120
1015
+ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:27:58,120 --> 00:28:01,100
1019
+ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:28:01,100 --> 00:28:04,620
1023
+ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุช
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:28:08,340 --> 00:28:17,040
1027
+ ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† C ูˆ AุŒ C ุนู„ู‰ A ุจุณ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:28:17,040 --> 00:28:25,380
1031
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูุงุตู„ุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุญุณุจ .. ู†ุฌูŠุจ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:28:25,380 --> 00:28:29,740
1035
+ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุŒ ู‡ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู…ุŒ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:28:37,620 --> 00:28:43,280
1039
+ ู‡ุงุฎุฏ ุงู†ุฏู‡ุงูŠ ุถุงุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงุซู†ุชูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฏูŠ ุงู„
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:28:43,280 --> 00:28:47,160
1043
+ touching ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ touching ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุนู…ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฑู…
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:28:47,160 --> 00:28:52,640
1047
+ ู‚ุงุนุฏุชู‡ ู…ุซู„ุซ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฃุถู„ุงุนุŒ ู‡ุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฑู…
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:29:17,280 --> 00:29:24,420
1051
+ ุฎุฑู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:29:24,420 --> 00:29:31,280
1055
+ ู‡ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ูˆ ู‡ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ุตุญุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:29:31,280 --> 00:29:42,280
1059
+ ุงูŠู‡ ูˆู‡ุฏ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:29:42,280 --> 00:29:45,660
1063
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒู… ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุฉ ู†ุต
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:29:53,090 --> 00:30:00,630
1067
+ ู…ุตุจูˆุญุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ูˆ ู‡ู†ุฒู„ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ู…ู† ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู… ู„ู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:30:00,630 --> 00:30:06,850
1071
+ ู‡ูŠุฌูŠ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:30:06,850 --> 00:30:17,090
1075
+ ุญูŠุจุฑ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:30:17,090 --> 00:30:25,600
1079
+ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุตูุงุชุŒ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุตูุงุช ู„ุฃู† ุฎู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซู„ุซ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:30:25,600 --> 00:30:26,940
1083
+ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฃุถู„ุงุน
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:30:49,580 --> 00:30:57,680
1087
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:30:57,680 --> 00:31:02,300
1091
+ ุงูŠู‡ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:31:02,300 --> 00:31:07,940
1095
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูŠุด ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ุซู„ุซ ุฃูˆ ุงุถู„ุงุน ูˆ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุณุชู‚ูŠู„
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:31:07,940 --> 00:31:13,800
1099
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุตุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃ ุนู„ู‰
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:31:13,800 --> 00:31:14,240
1103
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:31:18,640 --> 00:31:24,180
1107
+ ูˆู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุซุบูˆุฑุซ ุงูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ..
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:31:24,180 --> 00:31:27,820
1111
+ ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:31:27,820 --> 00:31:37,760
1115
+ .. ุณุงู…ุน ุณุงู† ูƒูŠูˆ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงูŠ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:31:37,760 --> 00:31:38,600
1119
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉุŸ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:31:48,440 --> 00:31:53,400
1123
+ ุฃูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงูŠู‡
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:31:53,400 --> 00:32:02,320
1127
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุฒุงุฏ q ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† q ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:32:02,320 --> 00:32:07,180
1131
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:32:07,180 --> 00:32:10,420
1135
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:32:10,420 --> 00:32:11,040
1139
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:32:14,210 --> 00:32:21,850
1143
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ Q ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:32:21,850 --> 00:32:28,890
1147
+ ุงู„ A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุด ุฏู‡ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุทุจ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูŠุด ุซู„ุซูŠู†
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:32:28,890 --> 00:32:37,430
1151
+ ุซู„ุซูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุซู„ุซูŠู† ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:32:37,430 --> 00:32:42,110
1155
+ ู‡ุณู…ูŠู‡
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:32:42,110 --> 00:32:55,820
1159
+ A B C ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุทู„ุนู‡ ุจุฑุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ A A
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:32:55,820 --> 00:33:06,740
1163
+ B C 90 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ A ุจูŠ ุฃูƒู… C ุนู„ู‰
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:33:06,740 --> 00:33:07,540
1167
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:33:12,140 --> 00:33:21,180
1171
+ ูˆ ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุทูˆู„ุชูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญ ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุทูˆู„ุชูŠู† Q
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:33:21,180 --> 00:33:30,500
1175
+ ุตุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุทูˆู„ุชูŠู† ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ A
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:33:30,500 --> 00:33:33,860
1179
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:33:33,860 --> 00:33:53,820
1183
+ ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ A ู‡ู†ุง ุชู‡ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:33:53,820 --> 00:34:00,400
1187
+ A ูˆ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:34:00,400 --> 00:34:05,180
1191
+ ุงู„ A C ุงูŠุด ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุง
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:34:05,180 --> 00:34:08,760
1195
+ ู‡ูˆ touching ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ R ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ R ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:34:08,760 --> 00:34:11,040
1199
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ A C
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:34:14,460 --> 00:34:22,620
1203
+ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ HLA ุจุฑุถู‡
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:34:22,620 --> 00:34:34,940
1207
+ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠุซุงุบูˆุฑุซ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:34:34,940 --> 00:34:43,680
1211
+ ุนู†ุฏ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุณุงูˆูŠ C ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:34:46,540 --> 00:34:54,160
1215
+ ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ A ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุซู„ุซ A ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:34:54,160 --> 00:34:57,380
1219
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:34:57,380 --> 00:35:09,000
1223
+ ุซู„ุซูŠู† A ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูŠุณุชูˆูŠ C ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:35:09,000 --> 00:35:21,770
1227
+ C C ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ A ุชุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:35:21,770 --> 00:35:27,950
1231
+ C ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงุญุตูˆู„ ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:35:27,950 --> 00:35:28,510
1235
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:35:43,800 --> 00:35:51,480
1239
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูุงุตู„ุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ A
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:35:51,480 --> 00:36:00,300
1243
+ ู…ุน ุงู†ุทู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† C ูˆ A one point six ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:36:00,300 --> 00:36:05,040
1247
+ atomic packing factor ุงูŠุด
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:36:05,040 --> 00:36:11,380
1251
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ atomic packing factor ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:36:11,380 --> 00:36:17,700
1255
+ atoms ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:36:17,700 --> 00:36:22,940
1259
+ ุงู„ unit cell ู…ุด ุณูˆู‰ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ A ุจุชุงุน ุงู„
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:36:22,940 --> 00:36:31,080
1263
+ base ููŠ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ C ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:36:52,680 --> 00:36:58,800
1267
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:36:58,800 --> 00:37:07,320
1271
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุณุช ู…ุซู„ุซุงุช ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ A ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ base ู‡ุฐูŠ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:37:07,320 --> 00:37:15,540
1275
+ ุฒูŠ ุณุชูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุฃูŠ ู…ุซู„ุซ ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ุญุงุตู„
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:37:15,540 --> 00:37:19,000
1279
+ ุถุฑุจ ุถู„ุนูŠู† ู†ุต ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุถู„ุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:37:19,000 --> 00:37:20,560
1283
+ ู†ุต
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:37:22,800 --> 00:37:31,360
1287
+ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน sin 60 sin 60 ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุตุญุŸ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:37:31,360 --> 00:37:41,420
1291
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุทุจุนุง ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:37:41,420 --> 00:37:46,720
1295
+ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ู‡ุงุฏุฆ A ู„ู…ุซู„ุซ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:37:50,040 --> 00:37:58,080
1299
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ base ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุชุฉ ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:37:58,080 --> 00:38:08,240
1303
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:38:08,240 --> 00:38:13,140
1307
+ ุงู„ A ุงูŠุด ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† R ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ R ุชุฑุจูŠุน
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:38:13,140 --> 00:38:23,950
1311
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:38:23,950 --> 00:38:30,690
1315
+ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุณุงูˆู‰ ุณุชุฉ ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ R
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:38:30,690 --> 00:38:37,230
1319
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุงู„ C ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูุงุตู„ุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:38:37,230 --> 00:38:44,630
1323
+ ููŠ ุงู„ A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† R ู‡ุฐุง
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:38:44,630 --> 00:38:47,450
1327
+ ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:38:47,450 --> 00:38:47,790
1331
+ atoms
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:38:59,920 --> 00:39:09,440
1335
+ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ by R ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ุทูŠุจ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:39:09,440 --> 00:39:16,820
1339
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ atomic packing factor ุญูŠุซ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:39:16,820 --> 00:39:20,580
1343
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ atoms ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณุชุฉ ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:39:20,580 --> 00:39:23,600
1347
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:39:26,030 --> 00:39:36,470
1351
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ by ุงุฑุชูƒุงุจ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:39:36,470 --> 00:39:42,090
1355
+ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:39:42,090 --> 00:39:52,430
1359
+ by ุงุฑุชูƒุงุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:39:52,430 --> 00:39:55,750
1363
+ ุณุชุฉ ููŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:39:57,990 --> 00:40:10,970
1367
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูุงุตู„ุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงุฑุชูƒุงุจ ุญุณุจูˆู‡ุง
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:40:10,970 --> 00:40:17,810
1371
+ ุชุทู„ุน
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:40:17,810 --> 00:40:19,610
1375
+ ูุงุตู„ุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:40:25,480 --> 00:40:30,580
1379
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฅุดุบุงู„ ุญุฌู… utensil ู†ูุณ ุงู„ FCC ุงู„ HCB ู†ูุณ ุงู„
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:40:30,580 --> 00:40:37,620
1383
+ FCC 0.74 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุดุบู„ 74 .. ุงู„ุฅุฏุงุฑุงุช ุจูŠุดุบู„ 74% ู…ู†
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:40:37,620 --> 00:40:44,220
1387
+ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุทูŠุจ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:40:44,220 --> 00:40:49,400
1391
+ ุงู„
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:40:49,400 --> 00:40:56,610
1395
+ density ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุญุณุงุจุงุช ุงู„ density ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:40:56,610 --> 00:40:58,650
1399
+ ุจุนุฑู ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุนุฑู ุงู„
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:40:58,650 --> 00:41:03,030
1403
+ density ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุญุณุงุจูŠุง ุงู„
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:41:03,030 --> 00:41:13,690
1407
+ density ุจุตูุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ mass ุนู„ู‰ volume ุงู„
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:41:13,690 --> 00:41:18,750
1411
+ mass ููŠ ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏุฏ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:41:18,750 --> 00:41:23,690
1415
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ูƒู… ุฐุฑุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุท number of atoms
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:41:28,340 --> 00:41:30,800
1419
+ ุฃู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุทุจุง ูƒูˆูŠุช .. ุงู„ุฃุทุจุง ูƒูˆูŠุช ..
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:41:30,800 --> 00:41:36,760
1423
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃุทุจุง ูƒูˆูŠุช ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ mass ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ .. ู„ูƒู„
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:41:36,760 --> 00:41:41,240
1427
+ .. ููŠ ุงู„ ู…ูˆู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ ู…ูˆู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุทุจุง ูƒูˆูŠุช
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:41:48,020 --> 00:41:52,980
1431
+ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุฃููˆุฌุงุฏุฑูˆ ู„ุฃู†
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:41:52,980 --> 00:42:03,800
1435
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ 6.022ร—10ร—23 ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุฃููˆุฌุงุฏุฑูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:42:03,800 --> 00:42:11,100
1439
+ ุงู„ mass ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ V ุจุชุงุน ุงู„
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:42:11,100 --> 00:42:14,340
1443
+ unit cell ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช ุงู„ number of atoms
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:42:14,340 --> 00:42:16,580
1447
+ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุชุงุด atoms ุตุญุŸ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:42:19,010 --> 00:42:29,070
1451
+ ุงู„ู€ atom weight ุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ุนุฏุฏ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:42:29,070 --> 00:42:37,290
1455
+ of ุฌุฑุงู… atoms ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:42:37,290 --> 00:42:42,210
1459
+ ุงู„ volume ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุณู†ุชูŠู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ุฃูˆ ู…ุชุฑ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:42:42,210 --> 00:42:48,650
1463
+ ู…ูƒุนุจ whatever units ูู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุฃู† ุงู„ atoms ู…ุน atoms ู…ูˆู„
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:42:48,650 --> 00:42:57,430
1467
+ ู…ุน ู…ูˆู„ ุจูŠุตูู‰ ูŠุง ุดูŠุฎ ุงู„ gram ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:42:57,430 --> 00:43:07,390
1471
+ mass ุนู„ู‰ volume ุชุดูˆู
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:43:07,390 --> 00:43:13,470
1475
+ ู…ุซุงู„ copper has an atomic radius of 0.128
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:43:13,470 --> 00:43:22,400
1479
+ nanometer ู†ุญุงุณ ู…ุณูƒูˆุชุฑุฏุงุฑุชูˆ ุงู„ R 0.128
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:43:22,400 --> 00:43:27,320
1483
+ nanometer ูˆ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:43:27,320 --> 00:43:36,080
1487
+ ุงู„ structure ุจุชุงุนู‡ FCC ูˆ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:43:36,080 --> 00:43:42,380
1491
+ ุงู„ atomic weight ู„ู„ู†ุญุงุณ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:43:42,380 --> 00:43:43,000
1495
+ ุณุชูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุต
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:43:46,880 --> 00:43:53,520
1499
+ ุฌุฑุงู… ู„ู„ู…ูˆู„ ..ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุฒู† ูƒู…ุŸ ูˆุฒู† 6.022ร—10ร—23
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:43:53,520 --> 00:43:57,900
1503
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:43:57,900 --> 00:44:04,580
1507
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„.. ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุนุฏุฏู†ุง ุทูŠุจ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:44:11,430 --> 00:44:13,850
1511
+ Compute its theoretical density and compare it
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:44:13,850 --> 00:44:17,530
1515
+ with the
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:44:17,530 --> 00:44:29,550
1519
+ measured value ุงู„ู€ ฯ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุฐุฑุงุช ููŠ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:44:29,550 --> 00:44:38,350
1523
+ molecular weight ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ V ุชุงุน ุงู„ู€ unit cell ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:44:38,350 --> 00:44:43,790
1527
+ ู„ูˆ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑูˆุง ุตุญุŸ ู‡ูŠ FCC ุงุญู†ุง ุญุงูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ V
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:44:43,790 --> 00:44:51,450
1531
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ unit cell ุงูŠุด ุชุณุงูˆูŠ A ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ูˆุงู„ู€ A ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:44:51,450 --> 00:44:59,210
1535
+ unit cell ุงูŠุด ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ FCC A
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:44:59,210 --> 00:45:02,990
1539
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒูŠ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจูŠุณุชูˆูŠ 16 A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชูˆูŠ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:45:02,990 --> 00:45:10,190
1543
+ ุฌุฐุฑ 8 ุฌุฐุฑ 8 R ุตุญ ุงู„ู€ A ุจูŠุณุชูˆูŠ ุฌุฐุฑ 8
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:45:11,960 --> 00:45:22,080
1547
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ู†ุต ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ููŠ R ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:45:22,080 --> 00:45:26,880
1551
+ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ู†ุต ููŠ 3 ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ 3 ุนู„ู‰ 2 ุตุญุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:45:26,880 --> 00:45:37,380
1555
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† 8 ููŠ ุฌุฐุฑ 8 ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:45:37,380 --> 00:45:38,120
1559
+ R ุชูƒุนูŠุจ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:45:40,940 --> 00:45:47,740
1563
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† 8 ููŠ ุฌุฐุฑ 8 ุงู„ู€ 4 ู†ุงู†ูˆ ู…ุชุฑ point
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:45:47,740 --> 00:45:52,880
1567
+ 1 2 8 ู†ุงู†ูˆู…ุชุฑ ู†ุงู†ูˆู…ุชุฑ ูƒู… ุจุงู„ุงุณู…
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:45:52,880 --> 00:45:57,140
1571
+ ู„ู„ู…ุชุฑ 10 ุฃุณ ุณุงู„ุจ 7 ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ sound 10
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:45:57,140 --> 00:46:04,660
1575
+ ุฃุณ ุณุงู„ุจ 7 10 ุฃุณ ุณุงู„ุจ 7 centimeter ุงู„ูƒู„ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:46:04,660 --> 00:46:06,140
1579
+ ุงู„ู€ raw
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:46:13,030 --> 00:46:20,270
1583
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุณูˆูŠ ุฃู†ุง ูƒู… ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ FCC 4 ููŠ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:46:20,270 --> 00:46:29,790
1587
+ ุงู„ู€ atom of Kuwait 4 atoms ููŠ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:46:29,790 --> 00:46:36,730
1591
+ atom of Kuwait 36.5 ุฌุฑุงู… ููŠ ูƒู„ ุณู†ุชูŠู…ุชุฑ ูˆ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:46:36,730 --> 00:46:40,430
1595
+ ู…ูƒุนุจ ุนู„ู‰
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:46:40,430 --> 00:46:42,470
1599
+ ุงู„ู€ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ู€ unit cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุทู„ุนู†ุง ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:46:44,490 --> 00:46:51,250
1603
+ ูƒู…ุŸ 4.75 ุฃู†ุง
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:46:51,250 --> 00:46:55,430
1607
+ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ุฃู†ุช
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:46:55,430 --> 00:46:59,350
1611
+ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ุฃูƒู„ุช
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:46:59,350 --> 00:47:03,450
1615
+ 4.75 ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุฃุนุทูŠู†ูŠ.. ุฃู†ุง
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:47:03,450 --> 00:47:07,190
1619
+ ุนุงู… ูƒู… 4.74.5
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:47:12,620 --> 00:47:18,680
1623
+ 7 4 5 ููŠ 10 ุฃู‚ู„ ุณุงู„ุจ ูƒู…ุŸ 10 ุฃู‚ู„ ุณุงู„ุจ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:47:18,680 --> 00:47:27,000
1627
+ 23 ููŠ 10 ุฃู‚ู„ ุณุงู„ุจ 23 ุณู†ุช
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:47:27,000 --> 00:47:33,780
1631
+ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุญุท ู‡ู†ุง 4.745
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:47:33,780 --> 00:47:38,760
1635
+ ููŠ 10 ุฃู‚ู„ ุณุงู„ุจ 23 ุณู†ุชูŠู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:47:51,400 --> 00:47:56,000
1639
+ ููŠ 6.022 ููŠ 10 ุฃูˆ ุฃุณ 3 ูˆ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:47:56,000 --> 00:48:04,140
1643
+ 20 atom ู„ูƒู„ mole ุญุณุจู‡ุง
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:48:04,140 --> 00:48:14,660
1647
+ 8
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:48:14,660 --> 00:48:16,720
1651
+ .9
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:48:25,960 --> 00:48:32,420
1655
+ ุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ุณู†ุชูŠู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ุฑูˆุญ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:48:32,420 --> 00:48:33,760
1659
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:48:51,960 --> 00:48:59,560
1663
+ ุงู„ู€ 8.94 ูƒุชุจุช
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:48:59,560 --> 00:49:05,080
1667
+ ุงู„ู€ 8.92 8.94 8.92
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:49:05,080 --> 00:49:11,740
1671
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุทุฑุญุช 8.94 ู†ุงู‚ุต 8.9
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:49:11,740 --> 00:49:15,040
1675
+ 2 ุนู„ู‰ 8.94 ููŠ 100
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:49:18,730 --> 00:49:29,470
1679
+ 8.94 ู…ู‚ุตุฏ 8.92 ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ 8.94 ููŠ 100 ูƒู…
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:49:29,470 --> 00:49:38,890
1683
+ 1% ุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 1% ูƒู…
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:49:38,890 --> 00:49:46,100
1687
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ 100 ูŠุนู†ูŠ 20/100 ูŠุนู†ูŠ 2/1000
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:49:46,100 --> 00:49:52,180
1691
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุถุนูŠู ุฌุฏุง ููŠูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตุช ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ููŠูƒูˆู†
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:49:52,180 --> 00:49:52,500
1695
+ ุนุงููŠุฉ
PL9fwy3NUQKwbBCceOozNtoSQCtYlAhMQo/LvqIm_aNwWo_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1696 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:05,250 --> 00:00:07,930
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:07,930 --> 00:00:13,090
7
+ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุชูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:13,090 --> 00:00:17,850
11
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุฑุงุฌุนู†ุง ุดุจุชุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุดุจุชุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:17,850 --> 00:00:22,240
15
+ ุดุจุชุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู…ุง ูุงู‡ู… ุนุงู…ุฉ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏุญูƒูŠู†ุง
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:22,240 --> 00:00:25,720
19
+ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ูˆุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุณุงุนุชู‡ุง ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉุŒ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:25,720 --> 00:00:29,940
23
+ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ููŠุฒุงู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงูŠุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุงู†ุงุทุณูŠุฉุŒ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:29,940 --> 00:00:33,420
27
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:33,420 --> 00:00:36,100
31
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุŒ ุงู„ smart materialsุŒ ุงู„ nano
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:36,100 --> 00:00:40,260
35
+ materialsุŒ ุงู„ piece of ceramic materialsุŒ chapter
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:40,260 --> 00:00:45,080
39
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูƒุงู† ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ ..ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:45,080 --> 00:00:49,820
43
+ ุงู„ bore model ู„ู„ุถุฑุฑ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ quantum mechanics
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:49,820 --> 00:00:55,200
47
+ ูˆ ุงู„ wave ูˆ ุงู„ wave mechanics model ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ ..
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:55,200 --> 00:00:57,900
51
+ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู†ุง four quantum numbers ุงู„ principle quantum
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:00:57,900 --> 00:01:02,960
55
+ number ูˆ ุงู„ ..ูˆ ุงู„ angular momentum a quantum
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:02,960 --> 00:01:05,780
59
+ number ูˆ ุงู„ magnetic a quantum number ูˆ ุงู„ spin a
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:05,780 --> 00:01:10,620
63
+ quantum number ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง shells ูˆ sub shells ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:10,620 --> 00:01:14,600
67
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ S ูˆ ุงู„ P ูˆ ุงู„ D ูˆ ุงู„
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:14,600 --> 00:01:19,560
71
+ F ูˆ ุฃูƒู… .. ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:19,560 --> 00:01:23,700
75
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุบุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ู„ุฉ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:23,700 --> 00:01:31,330
79
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ1A ู„ 7A ูˆ 1B ู„ 7B ูˆุดูˆูู†ุง ูƒูŠู
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:31,330 --> 00:01:35,930
83
+ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุงูˆ ุงู„ trend ุงู„ุชูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ู‰ ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:35,930 --> 00:01:42,250
87
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนุฑูู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:42,250 --> 00:01:46,710
91
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฑูˆุงุจุท ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:46,710 --> 00:01:50,910
95
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ุงู„ุงูŠูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ุงู„ุชุณุงูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:50,910 --> 00:01:52,870
99
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠุฉ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:54,210 --> 00:01:59,630
103
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:59,630 --> 00:02:05,890
107
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:05,890 --> 00:02:09,450
111
+ ู„ูŠุด
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:09,450 --> 00:02:14,090
115
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุฏุฑุณ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉุŸ ู„ูŠุด ู†ุฏุฑุณ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:14,090 --> 00:02:20,090
119
+ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉุŸุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:20,090 --> 00:02:25,530
123
+ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:25,530 --> 00:02:29,670
127
+ ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฐุง
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:29,670 --> 00:02:35,130
131
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู‡ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:35,130 --> 00:02:39,950
135
+ diamond ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงููŠุช ู…ุด crystal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:39,950 --> 00:02:42,990
139
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ crystal ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงููŠุช ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:42,990 --> 00:02:43,650
143
+ ุดูƒู„ crystal
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:47,470 --> 00:02:50,690
147
+ ุงู„ู€ Crystalline Materials ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:50,690 --> 00:02:58,410
151
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ุชุธู… ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑ ููŠ 3D
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:58,410 --> 00:03:01,390
155
+ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ู…ู†ุชุธู… ููŠ ูƒู„
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:01,390 --> 00:03:08,550
159
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุจุนุงุฏ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ X Y Z ุงู„
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:08,550 --> 00:03:13,830
163
+ latticeู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง lattice points
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:13,830 --> 00:03:22,130
167
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ ุจุชุฑุชูŠุจ ู…ู†ุชุธู… periodic ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุชูƒุฑุฑ ู…ุญูŠุท
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:22,130 --> 00:03:26,930
171
+ ูƒู„ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจู†ูุณ ุดูƒู„ ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุนุฏุฏ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:26,930 --> 00:03:29,510
175
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฑุงุญ ุชุตุจุญ ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจ ุชู…ุงู… ู†ู‚ุงุท
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:29,510 --> 00:03:36,630
179
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจุงุทู†ุงุดุฑ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ lattice ุงุญู†ุง
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:36,630 --> 00:03:42,180
183
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุจุชุฑุชุจู‡ ููŠ ุชุฑุชูŠุจู…ู†ุชุธู… ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุซู„ุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:42,180 --> 00:03:48,580
187
+ ุงู„ุฃุจุนุงุฏ ู…ู†ุชุธู… ูˆ ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด crystal ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉ ู„ุฅู†
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:48,580 --> 00:03:53,880
191
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุฒุงู„ ู…ู…ุชุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ 3D ูˆ ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑ ู„ู…ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:53,880 --> 00:03:58,820
195
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅุดูŠุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุญุฌู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู…ุซู„ ุงู„
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:58,820 --> 00:04:03,080
199
+ crystal ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุญุชูุธ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ crystal
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:03,080 --> 00:04:07,400
203
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ unit cell ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ smallest repeating
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:07,400 --> 00:04:12,800
207
+ representative volume of a crystal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ุญุฌู…
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:12,800 --> 00:04:18,180
211
+ ู…ู…ุซู„ ู„ู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุถู„ ูŠุชูƒุฑุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:18,180 --> 00:04:23,780
215
+ ุจุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ cell unit cell ูƒู…ู…ุซู„ ู„ู„ crystal
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:25,310 --> 00:04:30,070
219
+ ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ cell unit cell ู„ู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:30,070 --> 00:04:37,250
223
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ crystal ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ lattice
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:37,250 --> 00:04:39,090
227
+ parameters ุงู„ lattice parameters ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:39,090 --> 00:04:44,110
231
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆู„ ุงุฏุงุซูŠุงุช x y z ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง right hand
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:44,110 --> 00:04:48,590
235
+ coordinate system ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู„ูุช ุงู„ x ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ y ุจู‡ุฐุง
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:48,590 --> 00:04:54,360
239
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด zุงู„ู„ุงุชุณ ุจุฑู…ุช ุจูŠุจุทูŠู† ุงู„ size
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:54,360 --> 00:04:58,980
243
+ ูˆุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ unit cell ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ unit cell
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:58,980 --> 00:05:06,920
247
+ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ุฃุจุนุงุฏ ู…ุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุจุนุงุฏ a ูˆ b ูˆ c
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:06,920 --> 00:05:13,700
251
+ ููŠ ุชู„ุช ุฒูˆุงูŠุง alpha ูˆ beta ูˆ gamma ุงู„ู†ุญุฉ ุงู„ general
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:13,700 --> 00:05:21,160
255
+ ุงู„ aุจุณุชูˆุงุด ุงู„ B ุจุณุชูˆุงุด ุงู„ C ูˆ ุงู„ Alpha ูˆ ุงู„ Beta ูˆ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:21,160 --> 00:05:27,520
259
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุจุณุชูˆุงุด ุณู„ูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู‡ู†ุดูˆู
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:27,520 --> 00:05:32,460
263
+ ุฃูˆู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ crystals ููŠู‡ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ face
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:32,460 --> 00:05:38,620
267
+ centered cubic face centered cubic ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:38,620 --> 00:05:41,860
271
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ูƒุนุจ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:44,740 --> 00:05:49,360
275
+ ุทูˆู„ ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ุง ุชุณูุฑูŠู† ุชุฑุชุนูˆุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุน ูƒู„
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:49,360 --> 00:05:54,860
279
+ corner ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ ูˆุน
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:54,860 --> 00:06:03,080
283
+ ูƒู„ face ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ุฃูƒู… corner ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ูƒุนุจ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:03,080 --> 00:06:08,560
287
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุน ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ corners ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุงุช ูˆ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:08,560 --> 00:06:16,570
291
+ ุฃูƒู… ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ุณุชุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุงูˆุฌู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงูƒู… ุถุฑุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:16,570 --> 00:06:22,870
295
+ ุงู„ unit cell ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:22,870 --> 00:06:29,790
299
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ corners ุงู„
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:29,790 --> 00:06:34,370
303
+ corner ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ุจูŠู† ุชู…ุงู† unit cells ู…ุชุฌุงูˆุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:34,370 --> 00:06:39,030
307
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ corners ููŠ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:39,030 --> 00:06:50,090
311
+ ุทู…ูˆู†ุฒุงูŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุณุช ุฃุณุทุญ ูู‰ ู†ุต ูŠุนู†ู‰ ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุตูŠู†
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:50,090 --> 00:06:57,710
315
+ ูŠุนู†ู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู† ูƒู„ unit
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:57,710 --> 00:07:03,850
319
+ cell ุจุชุณุชุญูˆุฐ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฏุฑุงุช ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:07,730 --> 00:07:13,030
323
+ ุงู„ FCC crystal structure ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุฒูŠ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:13,030 --> 00:07:20,050
327
+ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุตุงุต ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูุถุฉ ูˆ ุฒูŠ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:20,050 --> 00:07:25,970
331
+ ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง FCC ุงู„
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:25,970 --> 00:07:30,330
335
+ coordination number ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุชุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ ุงูˆ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:30,330 --> 00:07:34,070
339
+ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงู…ุณุฉ ู„ุถุฑุฑ ู…ุนูŠู† ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูƒุจุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู†
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:34,070 --> 00:07:36,990
343
+ ู…ุญูŠุท ู„ุถุฑุฑ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุช ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ coordination
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:36,990 --> 00:07:42,010
347
+ number ููŠ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:42,010 --> 00:07:45,830
351
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ FCC ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ูƒู„ ุถุฑุฑ ูˆุฑุณู„ุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ solidwork
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:45,830 --> 00:07:50,890
355
+ ูˆุฑุณู„ุชู‡ ุจ 3D ู‡ุชูƒุชุดู ูƒู„ ุถุฑุฑ ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุช ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:50,890 --> 00:07:56,210
359
+ 12 ุถุฑุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ coordination number ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:56,210 --> 00:08:01,770
363
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูŠุด 12ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุงุฎุฏูˆุง ูƒุฐุง unit cell ูˆ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:01,770 --> 00:08:05,330
367
+ ุชูƒุฑุฑูˆู†ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ solid work ูˆ ุชู„ูˆู† ูˆ ุชุฏุฑู‘ู‰ ูˆ ุชุดูˆู ุฃูƒุงู…
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:05,330 --> 00:08:09,850
371
+ ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ ู…ุญูˆู‘ุถ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูƒู„ุฌุงุช ู‡ุชูƒุชุดููˆุง ุฃู† ู‡ู…ุง ุฃุชู†ุงุดุฑ ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:09,850 --> 00:08:14,970
375
+ ุฎุงู†ุฉ ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูˆ ุงู„ atomic packing factor ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:14,970 --> 00:08:22,430
379
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅุดุบุงู„ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ unit cell ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุถุฑุฑุงุช ุงุญู†ุง
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:22,430 --> 00:08:26,550
383
+ ุงู„ model ูุฑุถูŠู† ุงู„ุถุฑุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุฅูŠุด ูƒุฑุฉ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:28,530 --> 00:08:32,710
387
+ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุฑุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุชุนุจูŠู„ unit cell ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:32,710 --> 00:08:35,330
391
+ ุญุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูƒุนุจ ู…ูƒุนุจุงุช ุจูŠุนุจูŠู‡ุง ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:35,330 --> 00:08:40,790
395
+ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ุง ูƒุฑูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ unit cell ููŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ูุฑุงุบุฉ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:40,790 --> 00:08:44,650
399
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ unit cell ู…ุด ู…ุดุบู„ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุงู„ atomic
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:44,650 --> 00:08:49,130
403
+ packing factor ุจู…ุซู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ volume of atoms ููŠ one
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:49,130 --> 00:08:53,930
407
+ unit cell ุนู„ู‰ total unit cell volume
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:59,530 --> 00:09:04,390
411
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุนุทูŠู†
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:04,390 --> 00:09:07,390
415
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ FCC Aluminium
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:07,390 --> 00:09:15,450
419
+ FCC ู…ุนุทูŠู† ุงู„ atomic radius ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ nickel FCC
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:15,450 --> 00:09:21,110
423
+ ู…ุนุทูŠู† ุงู„ atomic radius ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:21,110 --> 00:09:28,420
427
+ crystal structures ุฒูŠ ุงู„ HCP ุฒูŠ ุงู„ BCCูุงุญู†ุง ุญุงู„ูŠุง
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:28,420 --> 00:09:32,840
431
+ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ FCC ุงู„ FCC ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ aluminium ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:32,840 --> 00:09:39,640
435
+ ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฏู‡ุจ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฑุตุงุต ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ nickel ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:39,640 --> 00:09:50,080
439
+ plutonium ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูุถุฉ ุงู„ silver ูˆ ุจุณ ุทูŠุจ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซุงู„
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:50,080 --> 00:09:52,980
443
+ ุจูƒูŠู„ูŠ ูƒุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุช
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:55,750 --> 00:10:00,450
447
+ ุงู„ู€ lattice parameter ุจุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ atomic radius R ู„
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:00,450 --> 00:10:04,990
451
+ FCC unit cell ุฃู†ุง
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:04,990 --> 00:10:10,370
455
+ ุจุงูŠู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ unit cell ุฏูŠ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:10,370 --> 00:10:11,850
459
+ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ู…ุนูŠู†
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:46,240 --> 00:10:53,260
463
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุณ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุชุฑ A ูˆู‡ุฐุง
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:53,260 --> 00:11:00,760
467
+ A ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:11:00,760 --> 00:11:12,910
471
+ ุชุชุดู†ุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐูŠ R ูˆ R 2 ูˆ R 3 ูˆ R 4ุงู„ูˆุทุฑ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:11:12,910 --> 00:11:17,670
475
+ ู…ูุซู„ุซ ู‚ุงุฆู… ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุทุฑ ุชุงูˆ ุฃุฑุจุน R ุฅุฐุง ุจุฃุณุชุฎุฏู…
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:17,670 --> 00:11:23,870
479
+ ููŠุซุง ูˆูˆุฑุซ ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃุฑุจุน R ุชุฑุจูŠุน
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:11:23,870 --> 00:11:33,150
483
+ ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุตุญุŸ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒูŠ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:11:33,150 --> 00:11:39,910
487
+ A ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฃุฑุจุน R ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตุญุŸ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:11:43,160 --> 00:11:48,800
491
+ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ bus ููŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ููŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:48,800 --> 00:11:52,420
495
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:52,420 --> 00:12:00,540
499
+ ุงู„ a ุจูŠุณุชูˆู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ R ุงู†ุง ุฌุงูŠุฒ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:12:00,540 --> 00:12:03,080
503
+ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠุด ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:12:03,080 --> 00:12:09,160
507
+ ูููŠ ุตูุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ R ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู†ุง ุญุณุจุช ุงู„
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:12:09,160 --> 00:12:12,660
511
+ lattice parameter ุจุฌู„ุงู„ุฉ ู†ุต ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุถุฑุจุฉ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:12:16,410 --> 00:12:21,010
515
+ ุทุจ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ volume ู„ู„ unit cellุŸ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:12:21,010 --> 00:12:27,770
519
+ ุงู„ volume ู„ู„ unit cell ุงูŠุด ุณุงูˆูŠุŸ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:12:27,770 --> 00:12:38,950
523
+ ู…ูƒุนุจุŒ ุงูŠุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ูƒุนุจุŸ ุงูŠ ุชูƒูŠูŠุจุŸ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุณุงูˆูŠุฉุŸ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:38,950 --> 00:12:50,850
527
+ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† are ูƒู„ ุชูƒูŠูŠุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:12:50,850 --> 00:13:02,970
531
+ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‚ุต ุชู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:13:02,970 --> 00:13:12,230
535
+ ู‚ุต ุชุณุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ูƒุนุจู‡ุง ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:13:14,860 --> 00:13:25,640
539
+ ู‚ุต ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ู†ุต ุตุญุŸ ุญุธูˆุธุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‚ุต ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:13:25,640 --> 00:13:32,620
543
+ ููŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุชุงุด ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:13:32,620 --> 00:13:40,940
547
+ ุณุชุงุด ุชูƒูŠูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุณุชุงุด ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฑ ุชูƒูŠูŠุจ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:13:45,980 --> 00:13:52,420
551
+ ุทูŠุจ ุจุฏู‡ ุงู„ atomic packing factor ุงู„ atomic packing
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:13:52,420 --> 00:14:00,300
555
+ factor ุจูŠุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ volume of atoms ุฌูˆู‡ ุงู„ unit cell
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:14:00,300 --> 00:14:08,780
559
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ูƒู…ุถุฑุฉ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:14:08,780 --> 00:14:16,150
563
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ FCCุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฏุฑุงุช ุญุฌุจ ุงู„ุฏุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:14:16,150 --> 00:14:25,630
567
+ ุดูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุน ุชู„ุงุชุฉ by ุงุฑุชูƒุงู„ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ู‰ ุญุฌุจ ุงู„ unit
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:14:25,630 --> 00:14:36,430
571
+ cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณุชุงุด ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฑุชูƒุงู„ ุณูŠุจูˆู‡ุง ุชุทู„ุน
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:14:36,430 --> 00:14:39,790
575
+ ุชุทู„ุน bond ุณุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:14:43,660 --> 00:14:47,820
579
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู†ุง ู…ุดุบู„ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ููŠ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:14:47,820 --> 00:14:52,380
583
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุญุฌู… unit cell ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:14:52,380 --> 00:14:56,980
587
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู…ุดุบูˆู„ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ููŠ ูุฑุงุบุงุช ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:14:56,980 --> 00:15:10,560
591
+ ู…ุซู„ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:15:10,560 --> 00:15:19,330
595
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุงูˆู„ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ BCC BCC unit
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:15:19,330 --> 00:15:24,830
599
+ cell
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:15:24,830 --> 00:15:37,610
603
+ ู‡ุฐุง
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:15:37,610 --> 00:15:41,170
607
+ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ body
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:15:41,170 --> 00:15:47,380
611
+ centered cubicุงู„ body centered cubic ุนู†ุฏ ู…ูƒุนุจ ุน ูƒู„
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:15:47,380 --> 00:15:52,940
615
+ corner ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ููŠู‡ ุฏุฑุฉ ูˆููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุทุฑ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:15:52,940 --> 00:15:59,840
619
+ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฉ ู‡ุฏู‰ ูˆ ู‡ุฏู‰ ูˆ ู‡ุฏู‰ touching ุงูˆ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:15:59,840 --> 00:16:04,120
623
+ ู‡ุฏู‰ ูˆ ู‡ุฏู‰ ูˆ ู‡ุฏู‰ touching ุงู„ู…ุนู†ูŠุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:16:04,120 --> 00:16:11,560
627
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒูŠู ุฃุฌุณุฑ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู†ุŸุชู‚ูˆู… ููŠ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:16:11,560 --> 00:16:15,960
631
+ ูˆููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฌูˆุง ูƒุงู…ู„ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ุฏุฑู‘ุงุช ู„ูƒู„ unit cell
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:16:15,960 --> 00:16:22,200
635
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูƒู„ ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ ุทุงู„ุนุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:16:22,200 --> 00:16:26,780
639
+ ุจูŠุญูˆุทู‡ุง ุจ ุชู…ุงู… ุฏุฑู‘ุงุช ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ coordination number
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:16:26,780 --> 00:16:36,900
643
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ atomic packing factor 68% ุฎู„ู‘ูˆู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:16:36,900 --> 00:16:39,380
647
+ ู†ุฌุฏ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุจูŠู†
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:16:42,040 --> 00:16:46,600
651
+ ุงู„ู€ Lattice parameter A ูˆ ู†ุตู ู‚ุทุฑ ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูˆุด ุฏูŠ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:16:46,600 --> 00:16:55,760
655
+ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:17:26,840 --> 00:17:32,360
659
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุถู„ุน ุง
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:17:32,360 --> 00:17:45,160
663
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุง ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุง ุตุญ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:17:45,160 --> 00:17:54,060
667
+ ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุต ูุงู†ุฏูŠ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:17:54,060 --> 00:18:02,530
671
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุฐุฑุฉููŠ ุถุฑู‡ูŠู† .. ููŠ ุถุฑู‡ูŠู† touching ุตุญุŸ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:18:02,530 --> 00:18:07,350
675
+ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ ู‡ุฐุง ูุงู†ุญูƒูŠ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:18:07,350 --> 00:18:17,490
679
+ a b c ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:18:17,490 --> 00:18:18,030
683
+ a ุจ c
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:18:26,490 --> 00:18:33,050
687
+ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุถู„ุน A B ุฅูŠุด ูŠุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุงูŠ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:18:33,050 --> 00:18:36,070
691
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ ุซุงุฏุซ ุตุญุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:18:36,070 --> 00:18:46,790
695
+ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑ ูู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุฏุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† A ูˆ ุงู„ุถู„ุน B C ุฅูŠุด ุทูˆู„ู‡ุŸ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:18:46,790 --> 00:18:50,850
699
+ A ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ A B C ููŠ ุซุบูˆุฑุช ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ A C
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:18:50,850 --> 00:19:01,740
703
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ A B ุชุฑุจูŠุนุฒุงุฏ ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:19:01,740 --> 00:19:06,580
707
+ ุงู„ a c ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุถุฑุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:19:06,580 --> 00:19:11,980
711
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† R ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ R ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ R ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:19:11,980 --> 00:19:17,940
715
+ ุงู„ุนุงูƒู… ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุงุฑุจุนุฉ R ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ R ู„ูƒู„
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:19:17,940 --> 00:19:25,420
719
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุชุณุชูˆู‰ a b ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† a ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ b
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:19:25,420 --> 00:19:26,680
723
+ c ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ a ุชุฑุจูŠุน
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:19:29,530 --> 00:19:36,730
727
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ A ู‡ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุฑุจุน R
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:19:36,730 --> 00:19:42,670
731
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:19:42,670 --> 00:19:47,870
735
+ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ู†ุญุณู ุงู„ volume ุชุนุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ cell volume ุชุนุงู„ูŠู†
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:19:47,870 --> 00:19:51,430
739
+ ุงู„ cell ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:19:51,430 --> 00:19:54,850
743
+ ุณุงูˆูŠ A ุชูƒูŠุจ ุตุญุŸ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:19:57,990 --> 00:20:03,090
747
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู† R
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:20:03,090 --> 00:20:08,930
751
+ ุชูƒูŠูŠุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:20:08,930 --> 00:20:14,850
755
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:20:14,850 --> 00:20:18,650
759
+ ุทูŠุจ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:20:18,650 --> 00:20:21,130
763
+ ุงู„ volume ู„ู„ atoms ููŠ ุงู„ unit cell ุงูŠุด ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:20:21,130 --> 00:20:26,150
767
+ volume ู„ู„ atoms ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ unit cell ุงูƒุชุฑ ุถุฑุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:20:28,240 --> 00:20:36,960
771
+ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุญุฌุจู‡ุง ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ by R ุช๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠูŠุจ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:20:36,960 --> 00:20:45,060
775
+ ุงู„ atomic packing factor ุงู„ V ุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ atoms ุนู„ู‰ V
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:20:45,060 --> 00:20:50,820
779
+ ุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ unit cell ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:20:50,820 --> 00:20:54,480
783
+ by
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:20:54,480 --> 00:21:04,220
787
+ R ุชูƒูŠูŠุจุชู…ุงู†ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงุฑุจุน ุณุชูŠู†
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:21:04,220 --> 00:21:07,420
791
+ ุงุฑุชูƒูŠุจ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:21:07,420 --> 00:21:20,460
795
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูƒูŠุจ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ู…ุน
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:21:20,460 --> 00:21:27,680
799
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูƒูŠุจ ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุน ุชู„ุงุชุฉูˆ ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุน ูƒุงู…
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:21:27,680 --> 00:21:32,280
803
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุญุณุจูˆู‡ุง
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:21:32,280 --> 00:21:39,720
807
+ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุชุทู„ุน bond ุณุชุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:21:39,720 --> 00:21:44,640
811
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ BCC unit cell ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุง ุดุงุบู„ ุชุจุนูŠู† ูˆ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:21:44,640 --> 00:21:47,580
815
+ ุณุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุญุฌู… ุงู„ unit cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:21:47,580 --> 00:21:50,140
819
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูุฑุงุบ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:21:59,310 --> 00:22:05,570
823
+ ู‡ูˆ ุจุญุตุงุฆูŠุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฏุงุฆู…ุฉ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:22:05,570 --> 00:22:11,810
827
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ shells ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุญุธูŠุง ู…ุงุจูƒูˆู†ุด ู„ุญุธูŠุง
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:22:11,810 --> 00:22:16,390
831
+ ู…ุงุจูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:22:16,390 --> 00:22:19,270
835
+ orbitals ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูƒู„ ุถุฑุฑ ู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจุชู‡ุชุฒ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:22:34,350 --> 00:22:39,470
839
+ ุทูŠุจ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุญุงูƒู‰ ุงู† ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ุฌุงุฏูˆู„ ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู†
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:22:39,470 --> 00:22:43,290
843
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจู‡ุง BCC ุฒู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฑุณ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:22:43,290 --> 00:22:49,790
847
+ ุดุนุฑุงุช ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† BCC ุงุฐุง ุจุชุณุฎู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุชุณุนู…ูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:22:49,790 --> 00:22:55,110
851
+ ุฒูŠูƒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ FCC ุณุฎู†ู‡ุง ู„ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู ูˆุงุฑู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจูŠุฑุฌุน
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:22:55,110 --> 00:23:06,510
855
+ BCC ุงู„ .. ุงู„ chromeBCC ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠููŠุฏูŠูˆู… BCC ูˆุนู†ุฏ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:23:06,510 --> 00:23:18,250
859
+ ุงู„ุชู†ุฌุณุชูˆู† BCC ููŠ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:23:18,250 --> 00:23:22,930
863
+ ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู„ุช hexagonal
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:23:22,930 --> 00:23:27,250
867
+ closed peaked structure HCP
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:23:33,140 --> 00:23:38,120
871
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุณุฏุงุณุฉ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:23:38,120 --> 00:23:41,240
875
+ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:23:41,240 --> 00:23:46,240
879
+ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ุดูƒู„ ุณุฏุงุณุฉ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏุง ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:23:46,240 --> 00:23:47,820
883
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:23:47,820 --> 00:23:47,840
887
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:23:47,840 --> 00:23:48,060
891
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:23:48,060 --> 00:23:50,240
895
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:23:50,240 --> 00:24:00,700
899
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:24:00,700 --> 00:24:09,020
903
+ ุงูŠูˆุงู„ุณูู„ ููŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ุถุฑุฑ ูˆููŠู‡
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:24:09,020 --> 00:24:13,160
907
+ ุชุจูˆุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุถุฑุฑุงุช
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:24:13,160 --> 00:24:19,940
911
+ ุงู„ุฎุถุฑ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุซู„ุฉ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:24:19,940 --> 00:24:25,000
915
+ ุงู„ุซุงุฏุฉ ุฌุงุก ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุถุฑุฑ touching ู…ู† ุงุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุช ุถุฑุฑ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:24:25,000 --> 00:24:29,480
919
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูˆ touching ุงู„ุชู„ุงุช ุถุฑุฑ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงุณูู„ ุงู†ุง ุญุงู„ูŠุง
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:24:29,480 --> 00:24:35,440
923
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงุฏุฉููุท ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุซ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุซ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:24:35,440 --> 00:24:42,660
927
+ ููŠ ุถุงุฑุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ touching ู„ุชู„ุงุช ุถุงุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุชุญุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:24:42,660 --> 00:24:50,200
931
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆู…ู† ุงุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ููุท ู‡ุฐู‡
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:24:50,200 --> 00:24:57,330
935
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุนุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุถุงุฑุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ touchingู…ู† ุชุญุช
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:24:57,330 --> 00:25:05,390
939
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆู…ู† ุงุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:25:05,390 --> 00:25:15,190
943
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ HCP ุน
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:25:15,190 --> 00:25:21,150
947
+ ูƒุงู… ุถุฑุจุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุนู†ุฏ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:25:21,150 --> 00:25:22,470
951
+ ุงูƒุงู… corner
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:25:29,540 --> 00:25:38,420
955
+ ุงุทู†ุงุด ููŠู‡ ุงุชุถุฑุน ุงู„ corner ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:25:38,420 --> 00:25:43,720
959
+ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:25:43,720 --> 00:25:48,940
963
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุญุท ูƒู…ุงู† ุทุจู‚ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุชู‡ ุณุฏุณ ุงุชู†ุงุด
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:25:48,940 --> 00:25:49,520
967
+ ููŠู‡ ุณุฏุณ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:25:55,630 --> 00:26:07,810
971
+ ุทูŠุจ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ู†ุต ุฒุงุฆุฏ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:26:07,810 --> 00:26:12,670
975
+ ููŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฌูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:26:12,670 --> 00:26:18,790
979
+ ุงู†ุง ู‡ุงูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:26:31,610 --> 00:26:35,410
983
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงุญูˆุฌ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ a ูˆ ุงู„ atomic radius
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:26:35,410 --> 00:26:41,010
987
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ face ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ุงูˆ ุงู„ face ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:27:39,920 --> 00:27:44,180
991
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ touching ู‡ุฐุง
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:27:44,180 --> 00:27:51,000
995
+ ุทู„ุน ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:27:51,000 --> 00:27:54,020
999
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:27:54,020 --> 00:27:54,640
1003
+ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:27:54,640 --> 00:27:54,900
1007
+ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:27:54,900 --> 00:27:55,220
1011
+ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:27:55,220 --> 00:27:58,120
1015
+ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:27:58,120 --> 00:28:01,100
1019
+ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:28:01,100 --> 00:28:04,620
1023
+ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุช
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:28:08,340 --> 00:28:17,040
1027
+ ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† C ูˆ A C ุนู„ู‰ A ุจุณ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:28:17,040 --> 00:28:25,380
1031
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ point ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุช ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุญุณุจ .. ู†ุฌูŠุจ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:28:25,380 --> 00:28:29,740
1035
+ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู… ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:28:37,620 --> 00:28:43,280
1039
+ ู‡ุงุฎุฏ ุงู†ุฏู‡ุงูŠ ุถุงุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงุซู†ุชูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฏูŠ ุงู„
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:28:43,280 --> 00:28:47,160
1043
+ touching ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ touching ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุนู…ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฑู…
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:28:47,160 --> 00:28:52,640
1047
+ ู‚ุงุนุฏุชู‡ ู…ุซู„ุซ ู…ุชุณุงูˆ ุงู„ุฃุถู„ุงู„ ู‡ุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฑู…
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:29:17,280 --> 00:29:24,420
1051
+ ุฎุฑู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:29:24,420 --> 00:29:31,280
1055
+ ู‡ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ูˆ ู‡ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ุตุญุŸู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:29:31,280 --> 00:29:42,280
1059
+ ุงูŠู‡ ูˆู‡ุฏ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:29:42,280 --> 00:29:45,660
1063
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒู… ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุฉ ู†ุต
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:29:53,090 --> 00:30:00,630
1067
+ ู…ุตุจูˆุญุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู„ูˆ ู‡ู†ุฒู„ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ู…ู† ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู… ู„ู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:30:00,630 --> 00:30:06,850
1071
+ ู‡ูŠุฌูŠ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:30:06,850 --> 00:30:17,090
1075
+ ุญูŠุจุฑ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:30:17,090 --> 00:30:25,600
1079
+ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุตูุงุช ู†ู‚ุทุฉุงู„ู…ู†ุงุตูุงุช ู„ุงู† ุฎู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซู„ุช ู„ุญุงู„ู‡
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:30:25,600 --> 00:30:26,940
1083
+ ู…ุชุณุงูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฃุทู„ุงุน
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:30:49,580 --> 00:30:57,680
1087
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:30:57,680 --> 00:31:02,300
1091
+ ุงูŠู‡ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:31:02,300 --> 00:31:07,940
1095
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูŠุด ู„ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ุซู„ุซ ุงูˆ ุงุถู„ุงุน ูˆ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุณุชู‚ูŠู„
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:31:07,940 --> 00:31:13,800
1099
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุตุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุง ุนู„ู‰
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:31:13,800 --> 00:31:14,240
1103
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:31:18,640 --> 00:31:24,180
1107
+ ูˆู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซุฉ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุซุบูˆุฑุซ ุงูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ..
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:31:24,180 --> 00:31:27,820
1111
+ ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:31:27,820 --> 00:31:37,760
1115
+ .. ุณุงู…ุน ุณุงู† ูƒูŠูˆ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงูŠ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:31:37,760 --> 00:31:38,600
1119
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉุŸ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:31:48,440 --> 00:31:53,400
1123
+ ุงูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงูŠู‡
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:31:53,400 --> 00:32:02,320
1127
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุฒุงุฏ q ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† q ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:32:02,320 --> 00:32:07,180
1131
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:32:07,180 --> 00:32:10,420
1135
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:32:10,420 --> 00:32:11,040
1139
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:32:14,210 --> 00:32:21,850
1143
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ Q ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:32:21,850 --> 00:32:28,890
1147
+ ุงู„ A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุด ุฏู‡ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุทุจ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุงูŠุด ุชู„ุชูŠู†
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:32:28,890 --> 00:32:37,430
1151
+ ุชู„ุชูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุชู„ุชูŠู† ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:32:37,430 --> 00:32:42,110
1155
+ ู‡ุณู…ูŠู‡
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:32:42,110 --> 00:32:55,820
1159
+ ุงูŠู‡B C ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุทู„ุนู‡ ุจุฑุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ A A
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:32:55,820 --> 00:33:06,740
1163
+ B C 91 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ A ุจูŠ ุฃูƒู… C ุนู„ู‰
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:33:06,740 --> 00:33:07,540
1167
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:33:12,140 --> 00:33:21,180
1171
+ ูˆ ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุทูˆู„ุชูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญ ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ุทูˆู„ุชูŠู† Q
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:33:21,180 --> 00:33:30,500
1175
+ ุตุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุทูˆู„ุชูŠู† ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ A
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:33:30,500 --> 00:33:33,860
1179
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:33:33,860 --> 00:33:53,820
1183
+ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ Aู‡ู†ุง ุชู‡ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:33:53,820 --> 00:34:00,400
1187
+ a ูˆ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:34:00,400 --> 00:34:05,180
1191
+ ุงู„ a c ุงูŠุด ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุง
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:34:05,180 --> 00:34:08,760
1195
+ ู‡ูˆ touching ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ R ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ R ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:34:08,760 --> 00:34:11,040
1199
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ a c
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:34:14,460 --> 00:34:22,620
1203
+ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ HLA ุจุฑุถู‡
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:34:22,620 --> 00:34:34,940
1207
+ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠุซุง ุบูˆุฑุซ ู‡ูƒูˆู†
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:34:34,940 --> 00:34:43,680
1211
+ ุนู†ุฏ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุณุงูˆูŠ C ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:34:46,540 --> 00:34:54,160
1215
+ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูŠู‡ ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู„ุช ุงูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:34:54,160 --> 00:34:57,380
1219
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:34:57,380 --> 00:35:09,000
1223
+ ุชู„ุชูŠู† ุงูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูŠุณุชูˆู‰ C ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:35:09,000 --> 00:35:21,770
1227
+ C C ุชุฑุจูŠุฉุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุน ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูŠู‡ ุชุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:35:21,770 --> 00:35:27,950
1231
+ C ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุน ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุญุตูˆู„ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:35:27,950 --> 00:35:28,510
1235
+ ุน ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:35:43,800 --> 00:35:51,480
1239
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ point ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูŠู‡
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:35:51,480 --> 00:36:00,300
1243
+ ู…ุน ุงู†ุทู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† c ูˆ a one point six ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:36:00,300 --> 00:36:05,040
1247
+ atomic packing factor ุงูŠุด
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:36:05,040 --> 00:36:11,380
1251
+ ุจูŠุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ atomic packing factor ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:36:11,380 --> 00:36:17,700
1255
+ atomsุน ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:36:17,700 --> 00:36:22,940
1259
+ ุงู„ unit cell ู…ุด ุณูˆู‰ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ a ุจุชุงุน ุงู„
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:36:22,940 --> 00:36:31,080
1263
+ base ููŠ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ c ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:36:52,680 --> 00:36:58,800
1267
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:36:58,800 --> 00:37:07,320
1271
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุณุช ู…ุชู„ุชุงุช ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ ุงูŠู‡ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ base ู‡ุฐูŠ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:37:07,320 --> 00:37:15,540
1275
+ ุฒูŠ ุณุชูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงูŠ ู…ุชู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ุญุงุตู„
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:37:15,540 --> 00:37:19,000
1279
+ ุถุฑุจ ุงุถู„ูŠุงู† ู†ุต ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุงุถู„ูŠุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุงุฒุงูˆูŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:37:19,000 --> 00:37:20,560
1283
+ ู†ุต
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:37:22,800 --> 00:37:31,360
1287
+ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน sin 60 sin 60 ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตุญุŸ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:37:31,360 --> 00:37:41,420
1291
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุทุจุนุง ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:37:41,420 --> 00:37:46,720
1295
+ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ู‡ุงุฏุฆ A ู„ู… ุซู„ุซ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:37:50,040 --> 00:37:58,080
1299
+ ุฃุชุนุฉ ุงู„ base ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุชุฉ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:37:58,080 --> 00:38:08,240
1303
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:38:08,240 --> 00:38:13,140
1307
+ ุงู„ a ุงูŠุด ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† R ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงุฑุจุนุฉ R ุชุฑุจูŠุน
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:38:13,140 --> 00:38:23,950
1311
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉR ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:38:23,950 --> 00:38:30,690
1315
+ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุณุงูˆู‰ ุณุชุฉ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ R
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:38:30,690 --> 00:38:37,230
1319
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุงู„ C ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ point ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:38:37,230 --> 00:38:44,630
1323
+ ููŠ ุงู„ A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† R ู‡ุฐุง
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:38:44,630 --> 00:38:47,450
1327
+ ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:38:47,450 --> 00:38:47,790
1331
+ atoms
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:38:59,920 --> 00:39:09,440
1335
+ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ by R ุชูƒูŠูŠู ุทูŠุจ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:39:09,440 --> 00:39:16,820
1339
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ atomic packing factor ุญูŠุซ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:39:16,820 --> 00:39:20,580
1343
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ atoms ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณุชุฉ ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:39:20,580 --> 00:39:23,600
1347
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:39:26,030 --> 00:39:36,470
1351
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูู‰ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ by ุงุฑุชูƒุงุจ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:39:36,470 --> 00:39:42,090
1355
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:39:42,090 --> 00:39:52,430
1359
+ by ุงุฑุชูƒุงุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:39:52,430 --> 00:39:55,750
1363
+ ุณุชุฉ ูู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:39:57,990 --> 00:40:10,970
1367
+ ุงุญุฏ point ุณุชุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุชูƒุงุจ ุญุณุจูˆู‡ุง
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:40:10,970 --> 00:40:17,810
1371
+ ุชุทู„ุน
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:40:17,810 --> 00:40:19,610
1375
+ point ุณุจุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:40:25,480 --> 00:40:30,580
1379
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงุดุบุงู„ ุญุฌู… utensil ู†ูุณ ุงู„ FCC ุงู„ HCB ู†ูุณ ุงู„
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:40:30,580 --> 00:40:37,620
1383
+ FCC 0.74 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุดุบู„ 74 .. ุงู„ุฅุฏุงุฑุงุช ุชุดุบู„ 74% ู…ู†
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:40:37,620 --> 00:40:44,220
1387
+ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุทูŠุจ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:40:44,220 --> 00:40:49,400
1391
+ ุงู„
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:40:49,400 --> 00:40:56,610
1395
+ density ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุญุณุงุจุงุช ุงู„ densityูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:40:56,610 --> 00:40:58,650
1399
+ ุจุงุนุฑู ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจุงู„ู„ูˆุฑูŠ ู„ู…ุงุฏู‡ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุนุฑู ุงู„
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:40:58,650 --> 00:41:03,030
1403
+ density ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุญุณุงุจูŠุง ุงู„
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:41:03,030 --> 00:41:13,690
1407
+ density ุฑูˆู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุณูˆู‰ mass ุนู„ู‰ volume ุงู„
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:41:13,690 --> 00:41:18,750
1411
+ mass ููŠ ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏุฏ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:41:18,750 --> 00:41:23,690
1415
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุช ุงูƒู… ุฏุฑู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท number of atoms
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:41:28,340 --> 00:41:30,800
1419
+ ุฃู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุทุจุง ูƒูˆูŠุช .. ุงู„ุฃุทุจุง ูƒูˆูŠุช ..
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:41:30,800 --> 00:41:36,760
1423
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃุทุจุง ูƒูˆูŠุช ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ mass ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ .. ู„ูƒู„
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:41:36,760 --> 00:41:41,240
1427
+ .. ููŠ ุงู„ mall .. ููŠ ุงู„ mall .. ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุทุจุง ูƒูˆูŠุช
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:41:48,020 --> 00:41:52,980
1431
+ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ avogadro ู„ุงู†
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:41:52,980 --> 00:42:03,800
1435
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ 6.022ร—10ร—23 ุฏุฑู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ avogadro ู‡ุฐุง
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:42:03,800 --> 00:42:11,100
1439
+ ุงู„ mass ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ V ุจุชุงุน ุงู„
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:42:11,100 --> 00:42:14,340
1443
+ unit cell ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช ุงู„ number of atoms
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:42:14,340 --> 00:42:16,580
1447
+ ุจุญูƒูŠ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุชุงุด atoms ุตุญุŸ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:42:19,010 --> 00:42:29,070
1451
+ ุงู„ู€ atom equate ุงุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ุนุฏุฏ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:42:29,070 --> 00:42:37,290
1455
+ of ุฌุงุฏุฑู‡ atoms ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:42:37,290 --> 00:42:42,210
1459
+ ุงู„ volume ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุณูŠู„ ู…ุซู„ุง centimeter ู…ูƒุนุจ ุงูˆ ู…ุชุฑ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:42:42,210 --> 00:42:48,650
1463
+ ู…ูƒุนุจ whatever units ูู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุงู† ุงู„ atomsู…ุน atoms ู…ูˆู„
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:42:48,650 --> 00:42:57,430
1467
+ ู…ุน ู…ูˆู„ ุจุตู ูŠุงุด ุงู„ gram ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:42:57,430 --> 00:43:07,390
1471
+ mass ุนู„ู‰ volume ุชุดูˆู
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:43:07,390 --> 00:43:13,470
1475
+ ู…ุซุงู„ copper has an atomic radius of 0.128
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:43:13,470 --> 00:43:22,400
1479
+ nanometerุงู†ุญุงุณ ู…ุณูƒูˆุชุฑุฏุงุฑุชูˆ ุงู„ R.128
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:43:22,400 --> 00:43:27,320
1483
+ nanometer ูˆ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:43:27,320 --> 00:43:36,080
1487
+ ุงู„ structure ุจุชุงุนู‡ FCC ูˆ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:43:36,080 --> 00:43:42,380
1491
+ ุงู„ atomic weight ู„ู„ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุชู„ุงุช
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:43:42,380 --> 00:43:43,000
1495
+ ุณุชูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุต
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:43:46,880 --> 00:43:53,520
1499
+ ุฅุฌุฑุงู… ู„ู„ู…ูˆู„ ..ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุฒู† ุฃูƒู…ุŸ ูˆุฒู† 6.022ร—10ร—23
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:43:53,520 --> 00:43:57,900
1503
+ ุฏุฑู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:43:57,900 --> 00:44:04,580
1507
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ ..ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุนุฏุฏู†ุง ุทูŠุจ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:44:11,430 --> 00:44:13,850
1511
+ Compute its theoretical density and compare it
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:44:13,850 --> 00:44:17,530
1515
+ with the
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:44:17,530 --> 00:44:29,550
1519
+ measured value ุงู„ุฑูˆุญ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุฏุฑุงุช ููŠ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:44:29,550 --> 00:44:38,350
1523
+ molecular weight ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ V ุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:44:38,350 --> 00:44:43,790
1527
+ ู„ูˆ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑูˆุง ุตุญุŸู‡ูŠ FCC ุงุญู†ุง ุญุงูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงุฌุจ ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ V
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:44:43,790 --> 00:44:51,450
1531
+ ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุงูŠุด ุชุณุงูˆูŠ A ุชูƒูŠุจ ูˆุงู„ A ููŠ ุงู„
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:44:51,450 --> 00:44:59,210
1535
+ unit cell ุงูŠุด ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ FCC A
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:44:59,210 --> 00:45:02,990
1539
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒูŠ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจูŠุณุชูˆู‰ ุณุชุงุดุฑ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชูˆู‰
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:45:02,990 --> 00:45:10,190
1543
+ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ R ุตุญ ุงู„ A ุจูŠุณุชูˆู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:45:11,960 --> 00:45:22,080
1547
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู‚ุต ู†ุต ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ููŠ ุงุฑ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:45:22,080 --> 00:45:26,880
1551
+ ุงู‚ุต ู†ุต ููŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู‚ุต ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุน ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตุญุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:45:26,880 --> 00:45:37,380
1555
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุธุจุทุŸ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:45:37,380 --> 00:45:38,120
1559
+ ุงุฑ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:45:40,940 --> 00:45:47,740
1563
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุน ุชู†ูŠุฉ point
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:45:47,740 --> 00:45:52,880
1567
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู†ุงู†ูˆ ู…ุชุฑ ู†ุงู†ูˆ ู…ุชุฑ ุงูƒู… ุจุงู„ุงุณู…
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:45:52,880 --> 00:45:57,140
1571
+ ู„ู„ู…ุชุฑ ุนุดุฑ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ sound ุนุดุฑ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:45:57,140 --> 00:46:04,660
1575
+ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุณุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุณุจุนุฉ centimeter ุงู„ูƒู„ ุชูƒูŠุจ
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:46:04,660 --> 00:46:06,140
1579
+ ุงู„ raw
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:46:13,030 --> 00:46:20,270
1583
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุณูˆูŠ ุงู†ุง ูƒู… ุฏูˆุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ FCC ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:46:20,270 --> 00:46:29,790
1587
+ ุงู„ atom of Kuwait ุงุฑุจุน atoms ููŠ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:46:29,790 --> 00:46:36,730
1591
+ atom of Kuwait ุชู„ุงุช ุณุชูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุต ุงุฌุฑุงู… ููŠ ูƒู„ ุณู†ุชู…ุฉ ูˆ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:46:36,730 --> 00:46:40,430
1595
+ ู…ูƒุนุจ ุนู„ู‰
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:46:40,430 --> 00:46:42,470
1599
+ ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ุทู„ุนู†ุง ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:46:44,490 --> 00:46:51,250
1603
+ ุงูƒุงู…ุŸ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณ ุงู†ุง
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:46:51,250 --> 00:46:55,430
1607
+ ุชูƒุงูŠุจ ุงู†ุช
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:46:55,430 --> 00:46:59,350
1611
+ ูƒุงูŠุจ ุงูƒู„ุชู„
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:46:59,350 --> 00:47:03,450
1615
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุŸ ุงุนุทูŠู†ูŠ .. ุงู†ุง
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:47:03,450 --> 00:47:07,190
1619
+ ุนุงู… ุงูƒุงู… ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณ point ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:47:12,620 --> 00:47:18,680
1623
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑ ุฃู‚ู„ ุณุงู„ุจ ูƒู…ุŸ ุนุดุฑ ุฃู‚ู„ ุณุงู„ุจ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:47:18,680 --> 00:47:27,000
1627
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุนุดุฑ ุฃู‚ู„ ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุงู†ุช
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:47:27,000 --> 00:47:33,780
1631
+ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุญุท ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู†ุช ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:47:33,780 --> 00:47:38,760
1635
+ ููŠ ุนุดุฑ ุฃู‚ู„ ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุงู†ุช ู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:47:51,400 --> 00:47:56,000
1639
+ ููŠ ุณุชุฉ point O ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุงูˆ ุงุณ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:47:56,000 --> 00:48:04,140
1643
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† atom ู„ูƒู„ mole ุญุณุจูˆู‡ุง
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:48:04,140 --> 00:48:14,660
1647
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:48:14,660 --> 00:48:16,720
1651
+ ุชุณุนุฉ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:48:25,960 --> 00:48:32,420
1655
+ ุฅุฌุฑุงู† ู„ูƒู„ ุตู…ุช ุชู…ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุนุจ ุฑูˆุญ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:48:32,420 --> 00:48:33,760
1659
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:48:51,960 --> 00:48:59,560
1663
+ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑ ุชู…ู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุชุณุนูŠู† ูƒุชุจุช
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:48:59,560 --> 00:49:05,080
1667
+ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑ ุชู…ู†ูŠุฉ ุจูˆู† ุชุณุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุชู…ู†ูŠุฉ ุจูˆู† ุชุณุนุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:49:05,080 --> 00:49:11,740
1671
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุทุฑุญุช ุชู…ู†ูŠุฉ ุจูˆู† ุชุณุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุชู…ู†ูŠุฉ ุจูˆู†
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:49:11,740 --> 00:49:15,040
1675
+ ุชุณุนุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุชู…ู†ูŠุฉ ุจูˆู† ุชุณุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ู…ูŠุฉ
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:49:18,730 --> 00:49:29,470
1679
+ 8.94 ู…ู‚ุตุฏ 8.92 ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ 8.94 ููŠ ู…ูŠุฉ ุงูƒู…
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:49:29,470 --> 00:49:38,890
1683
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงูƒู…
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:49:38,890 --> 00:49:46,100
1687
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู„ู
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:49:46,100 --> 00:49:52,180
1691
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุถุนูŠู ุฌุฏุง ููŠูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตุช ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ููŠูƒูˆู†
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:49:52,180 --> 00:49:52,500
1695
+ ุนุงููŠุฉ
1696
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbBCceOozNtoSQCtYlAhMQo/LvqIm_aNwWo_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwbBCceOozNtoSQCtYlAhMQo/LvqIm_aNwWo_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1696 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:05,250 --> 00:00:07,930
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:07,930 --> 00:00:13,090
7
+ ูˆุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุชูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:13,090 --> 00:00:17,850
11
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุฑุงุฌุนู†ุง ุดุจุชุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุดุจุชุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:17,850 --> 00:00:22,240
15
+ ุดุจุชุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู…ุง ูุงู‡ู… ุนุงู…ุฉ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏุญูƒูŠู†ุง
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:22,240 --> 00:00:25,720
19
+ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ูˆุน ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุณุงุนุชู‡ุง ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉุŒ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:25,720 --> 00:00:29,940
23
+ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉุŒ ููŠุฒุงู‚ูŠุฉุŒ ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉุŒ ูƒู‡ุฑุจุงูŠุฉุŒ ู…ูˆุงู†ุงุทุณูŠุฉุŒ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:29,940 --> 00:00:33,420
27
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ูŠูˆู…ุŒ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:33,420 --> 00:00:36,100
31
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ุจู„ุŒ ุงู„ smart materialsุŒ ุงู„ nano
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:36,100 --> 00:00:40,260
35
+ materialsุŒ ุงู„ piece of ceramic materialsุŒ chapter
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:40,260 --> 00:00:45,080
39
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูƒุงู† ู…ุฑุงุฌุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ ..ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:45,080 --> 00:00:49,820
43
+ ุงู„ bore model ู„ู„ุถุฑุฑ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ quantum mechanics
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:49,820 --> 00:00:55,200
47
+ ูˆ ุงู„ wave ูˆ ุงู„ wave mechanics model ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ ..
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:55,200 --> 00:00:57,900
51
+ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู†ุง four quantum numbers ุงู„ principle quantum
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:00:57,900 --> 00:01:02,960
55
+ number ูˆ ุงู„ ..ูˆ ุงู„ angular momentum a quantum
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:02,960 --> 00:01:05,780
59
+ number ูˆ ุงู„ magnetic a quantum number ูˆ ุงู„ spin a
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:05,780 --> 00:01:10,620
63
+ quantum number ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง shells ูˆ sub shells ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:10,620 --> 00:01:14,600
67
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ S ูˆ ุงู„ P ูˆ ุงู„ D ูˆ ุงู„
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:14,600 --> 00:01:19,560
71
+ F ูˆ ุฃูƒู… .. ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ุฌุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:19,560 --> 00:01:23,700
75
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุตูุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงู„ุบุฒูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ู„ุฉ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:23,700 --> 00:01:31,330
79
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ1A ู„ 7A ูˆ 1B ู„ 7B ูˆุดูˆูู†ุง ูƒูŠู
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:31,330 --> 00:01:35,930
83
+ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ุงูˆ ุงู„ trend ุงู„ุชูˆุฌู‡ ุงู„ุนุงู„ู…ู‰ ู„ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:35,930 --> 00:01:42,250
87
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนุฑูู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑูŠ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:42,250 --> 00:01:46,710
91
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุฑูˆุงุจุท ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:46,710 --> 00:01:50,910
95
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ุงู„ุงูŠูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ุงู„ุชุณุงูˆู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:50,910 --> 00:01:52,870
99
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู†ูŠุฉ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:54,210 --> 00:01:59,630
103
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ู„ู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:59,630 --> 00:02:05,890
107
+ ุงู„ุณุคุงู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:05,890 --> 00:02:09,450
111
+ ู„ูŠุด
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:09,450 --> 00:02:14,090
115
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุฏุฑุณ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉุŸ ู„ูŠุด ู†ุฏุฑุณ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:14,090 --> 00:02:20,090
119
+ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉุŸุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:20,090 --> 00:02:25,530
123
+ ู…ู„ุญูˆุธ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:25,530 --> 00:02:29,670
127
+ ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฐุง
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:29,670 --> 00:02:35,130
131
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุจูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู‡ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:35,130 --> 00:02:39,950
135
+ diamond ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงููŠุช ู…ุด crystal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:39,950 --> 00:02:42,990
139
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ crystal ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงููŠุช ู…ุด ุนู„ู‰
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:42,990 --> 00:02:43,650
143
+ ุดูƒู„ crystal
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:47,470 --> 00:02:50,690
147
+ ุงู„ู€ Crystalline Materials ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:50,690 --> 00:02:58,410
151
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ุชุธู… ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑ ููŠ 3D
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:58,410 --> 00:03:01,390
155
+ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ู…ู†ุชุธู… ููŠ ูƒู„
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:01,390 --> 00:03:08,550
159
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุจุนุงุฏ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ X Y Z ุงู„
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:08,550 --> 00:03:13,830
163
+ latticeู‡ูŠ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง lattice points
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:13,830 --> 00:03:22,130
167
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ ุจุชุฑุชูŠุจ ู…ู†ุชุธู… periodic ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠุชูƒุฑุฑ ู…ุญูŠุท
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:22,130 --> 00:03:26,930
171
+ ูƒู„ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจู†ูุณ ุดูƒู„ ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุนุฏุฏ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:26,930 --> 00:03:29,510
175
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุฑุงุญ ุชุตุจุญ ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจ ุชู…ุงู… ู†ู‚ุงุท
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:29,510 --> 00:03:36,630
179
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจุงุทู†ุงุดุฑ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ lattice ุงุญู†ุง
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:36,630 --> 00:03:42,180
183
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุจุชุฑุชุจู‡ ููŠ ุชุฑุชูŠุจู…ู†ุชุธู… ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ุซู„ุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:42,180 --> 00:03:48,580
187
+ ุงู„ุฃุจุนุงุฏ ู…ู†ุชุธู… ูˆ ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงูŠุด crystal ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉ ู„ุฅู†
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:48,580 --> 00:03:53,880
191
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุฒุงู„ ู…ู…ุชุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ 3D ูˆ ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑ ู„ู…ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:53,880 --> 00:03:58,820
195
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅุดูŠุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตุบุฑ ุญุฌู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠู…ุซู„ ุงู„
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:58,820 --> 00:04:03,080
199
+ crystal ูˆู‡ูˆ ูŠุญุชูุธ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ ู„ู„ crystal
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:03,080 --> 00:04:07,400
203
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ unit cell ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ smallest repeating
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:07,400 --> 00:04:12,800
207
+ representative volume of a crystal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ุญุฌู…
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:12,800 --> 00:04:18,180
211
+ ู…ู…ุซู„ ู„ู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุถู„ ูŠุชูƒุฑุฑ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:18,180 --> 00:04:23,780
215
+ ุจุฏุฑุณ ุงู„ cell unit cell ูƒู…ู…ุซู„ ู„ู„ crystal
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:25,310 --> 00:04:30,070
219
+ ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ cell unit cell ู„ู‡ุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ู‡ู†ุฏุณูŠุฉ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:30,070 --> 00:04:37,250
223
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ crystal ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ lattice
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:37,250 --> 00:04:39,090
227
+ parameters ุงู„ lattice parameters ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:39,090 --> 00:04:44,110
231
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆู„ ุงุฏุงุซูŠุงุช x y z ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง right hand
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:44,110 --> 00:04:48,590
235
+ coordinate system ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ู„ูุช ุงู„ x ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ y ุจู‡ุฐุง
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:48,590 --> 00:04:54,360
239
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงูŠุด zุงู„ู„ุงุชุณ ุจุฑู…ุช ุจูŠุจุทูŠู† ุงู„ size
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:54,360 --> 00:04:58,980
243
+ ูˆุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ unit cell ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ unit cell
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:58,980 --> 00:05:06,920
247
+ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ุฃุจุนุงุฏ ู…ุงุฆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุจุนุงุฏ a ูˆ b ูˆ c
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:06,920 --> 00:05:13,700
251
+ ููŠ ุชู„ุช ุฒูˆุงูŠุง alpha ูˆ beta ูˆ gamma ุงู„ู†ุญุฉ ุงู„ general
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:13,700 --> 00:05:21,160
255
+ ุงู„ aุจุณุชูˆุงุด ุงู„ B ุจุณุชูˆุงุด ุงู„ C ูˆ ุงู„ Alpha ูˆ ุงู„ Beta ูˆ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:21,160 --> 00:05:27,520
259
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุฉ ุจุณุชูˆุงุด ุณู„ูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ู‡ู†ุดูˆู
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:27,520 --> 00:05:32,460
263
+ ุฃูˆู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ crystals ููŠู‡ ู…ุง ูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ face
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:32,460 --> 00:05:38,620
267
+ centered cubic face centered cubic ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:38,620 --> 00:05:41,860
271
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ูƒุนุจ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:44,740 --> 00:05:49,360
275
+ ุทูˆู„ ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ุช ู„ุง ุชุณูุฑูŠู† ุชุฑุชุนูˆุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุน ูƒู„
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:49,360 --> 00:05:54,860
279
+ corner ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ ูˆุน
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:54,860 --> 00:06:03,080
283
+ ูƒู„ face ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ุฃูƒู… corner ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ูƒุนุจ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:06:03,080 --> 00:06:08,560
287
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุน ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ corners ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุงุช ูˆ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:06:08,560 --> 00:06:16,570
291
+ ุฃูƒู… ูˆุฌู‡ู‡ุณุชุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุงูˆุฌู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงูƒู… ุถุฑุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:16,570 --> 00:06:22,870
295
+ ุงู„ unit cell ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:22,870 --> 00:06:29,790
299
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ corners ุงู„
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:29,790 --> 00:06:34,370
303
+ corner ู…ุดุชุฑูƒุฉ ุจูŠู† ุชู…ุงู† unit cells ู…ุชุฌุงูˆุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:34,370 --> 00:06:39,030
307
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ corners ููŠ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:39,030 --> 00:06:50,090
311
+ ุทู…ูˆู†ุฒุงูŠุฏ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุณุช ุฃุณุทุญ ูู‰ ู†ุต ูŠุนู†ู‰ ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ุตูŠู†
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:50,090 --> 00:06:57,710
315
+ ูŠุนู†ู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู† ูƒู„ unit
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:57,710 --> 00:07:03,850
319
+ cell ุจุชุณุชุญูˆุฐ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฏุฑุงุช ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:07:07,730 --> 00:07:13,030
323
+ ุงู„ FCC crystal structure ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุฒูŠ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:07:13,030 --> 00:07:20,050
327
+ ุงู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุตุงุต ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูุถุฉ ูˆ ุฒูŠ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:07:20,050 --> 00:07:25,970
331
+ ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง FCC ุงู„
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:07:25,970 --> 00:07:30,330
335
+ coordination number ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุชุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ ุงูˆ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:07:30,330 --> 00:07:34,070
339
+ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงู…ุณุฉ ู„ุถุฑุฑ ู…ุนูŠู† ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูƒุจุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู†
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:34,070 --> 00:07:36,990
343
+ ู…ุญูŠุท ู„ุถุฑุฑ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุช ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ coordination
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:36,990 --> 00:07:42,010
347
+ number ููŠ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:42,010 --> 00:07:45,830
351
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ FCC ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ูƒู„ ุถุฑุฑ ูˆุฑุณู„ุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ solidwork
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:45,830 --> 00:07:50,890
355
+ ูˆุฑุณู„ุชู‡ ุจ 3D ู‡ุชูƒุชุดู ูƒู„ ุถุฑุฑ ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ู…ู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุช ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:50,890 --> 00:07:56,210
359
+ 12 ุถุฑุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ coordination number ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:56,210 --> 00:08:01,770
363
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูŠุด 12ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุงุฎุฏูˆุง ูƒุฐุง unit cell ูˆ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:08:01,770 --> 00:08:05,330
367
+ ุชูƒุฑุฑูˆู†ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ solid work ูˆ ุชู„ูˆู† ูˆ ุชุฏุฑู‘ู‰ ูˆ ุชุดูˆู ุฃูƒุงู…
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:08:05,330 --> 00:08:09,850
371
+ ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ ู…ุญูˆู‘ุถ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ูƒู„ุฌุงุช ู‡ุชูƒุชุดููˆุง ุฃู† ู‡ู…ุง ุฃุชู†ุงุดุฑ ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:08:09,850 --> 00:08:14,970
375
+ ุฎุงู†ุฉ ููŠู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูˆ ุงู„ atomic packing factor ุจูŠุญูƒูŠ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:08:14,970 --> 00:08:22,430
379
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุณุจุฉ ุฅุดุบุงู„ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ unit cell ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุถุฑุฑุงุช ุงุญู†ุง
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:08:22,430 --> 00:08:26,550
383
+ ุงู„ model ูุฑุถูŠู† ุงู„ุถุฑุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ุฅูŠุด ูƒุฑุฉ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:08:28,530 --> 00:08:32,710
387
+ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูƒุฑุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุชุนุจูŠู„ unit cell ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:08:32,710 --> 00:08:35,330
391
+ ุญุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ูƒุนุจ ู…ูƒุนุจุงุช ุจูŠุนุจูŠู‡ุง ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:35,330 --> 00:08:40,790
395
+ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ุง ูƒุฑูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ unit cell ููŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ูุฑุงุบุฉ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:40,790 --> 00:08:44,650
399
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู† ุงู„ unit cell ู…ุด ู…ุดุบู„ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุงู…ู„ ุงู„ atomic
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:44,650 --> 00:08:49,130
403
+ packing factor ุจู…ุซู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ volume of atoms ููŠ one
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:49,130 --> 00:08:53,930
407
+ unit cell ุนู„ู‰ total unit cell volume
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:59,530 --> 00:09:04,390
411
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฌุฏูˆู„ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุนุทูŠู†
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:09:04,390 --> 00:09:07,390
415
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ FCC Aluminium
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:09:07,390 --> 00:09:15,450
419
+ FCC ู…ุนุทูŠู† ุงู„ atomic radius ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ nickel FCC
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:09:15,450 --> 00:09:21,110
423
+ ู…ุนุทูŠู† ุงู„ atomic radius ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ู† ุงู„
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:09:21,110 --> 00:09:28,420
427
+ crystal structures ุฒูŠ ุงู„ HCP ุฒูŠ ุงู„ BCCูุงุญู†ุง ุญุงู„ูŠุง
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:09:28,420 --> 00:09:32,840
431
+ ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ FCC ุงู„ FCC ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ aluminium ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:09:32,840 --> 00:09:39,640
435
+ ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฏู‡ุจ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุฑุตุงุต ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ nickel ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:09:39,640 --> 00:09:50,080
439
+ plutonium ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูุถุฉ ุงู„ silver ูˆ ุจุณ ุทูŠุจ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซุงู„
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:50,080 --> 00:09:52,980
443
+ ุจูƒูŠู„ูŠ ูƒุงู„ูƒูˆู„ูŠุช
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:55,750 --> 00:10:00,450
447
+ ุงู„ู€ lattice parameter ุจุฏู„ุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ atomic radius R ู„
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:10:00,450 --> 00:10:04,990
451
+ FCC unit cell ุฃู†ุง
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:10:04,990 --> 00:10:10,370
455
+ ุจุงูŠู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ unit cell ุฏูŠ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:10:10,370 --> 00:10:11,850
459
+ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ู…ุนูŠู†
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:10:46,240 --> 00:10:53,260
463
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุณ ุจูŠุฑุงู…ูŠุชุฑ A ูˆู‡ุฐุง
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:10:53,260 --> 00:11:00,760
467
+ A ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:11:00,760 --> 00:11:12,910
471
+ ุชุชุดู†ุฌ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ุทุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐูŠ R ูˆ R 2 ูˆ R 3 ูˆ R 4ุงู„ูˆุทุฑ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:11:12,910 --> 00:11:17,670
475
+ ู…ูุซู„ุซ ู‚ุงุฆู… ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ูˆุทุฑ ุชุงูˆ ุฃุฑุจุน R ุฅุฐุง ุจุฃุณุชุฎุฏู…
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:11:17,670 --> 00:11:23,870
479
+ ููŠุซุง ูˆูˆุฑุซ ุญูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃุฑุจุน R ุชุฑุจูŠุน
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:11:23,870 --> 00:11:33,150
483
+ ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุตุญุŸ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒูŠ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:11:33,150 --> 00:11:39,910
487
+ A ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฃุฑุจุน R ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตุญุŸ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:11:43,160 --> 00:11:48,800
491
+ ู„ูˆ ุถุฑุจุช ุงู„ bus ููŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ููŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:11:48,800 --> 00:11:52,420
495
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:11:52,420 --> 00:12:00,540
499
+ ุงู„ a ุจูŠุณุชูˆู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ R ุงู†ุง ุฌุงูŠุฒ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:12:00,540 --> 00:12:03,080
503
+ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠุด ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุน ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:12:03,080 --> 00:12:09,160
507
+ ูููŠ ุตูุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ R ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู†ุง ุญุณุจุช ุงู„
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:12:09,160 --> 00:12:12,660
511
+ lattice parameter ุจุฌู„ุงู„ุฉ ู†ุต ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุถุฑุจุฉ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:12:16,410 --> 00:12:21,010
515
+ ุทุจ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ volume ู„ู„ unit cellุŸ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:12:21,010 --> 00:12:27,770
519
+ ุงู„ volume ู„ู„ unit cell ุงูŠุด ุณุงูˆูŠุŸ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:12:27,770 --> 00:12:38,950
523
+ ู…ูƒุนุจุŒ ุงูŠุด ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ูƒุนุจุŸ ุงูŠ ุชูƒูŠูŠุจุŸ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุณุงูˆูŠุฉุŸ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:12:38,950 --> 00:12:50,850
527
+ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† are ูƒู„ ุชูƒูŠูŠุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:12:50,850 --> 00:13:02,970
531
+ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‚ุต ุชู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:13:02,970 --> 00:13:12,230
535
+ ู‚ุต ุชุณุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ูƒุนุจู‡ุง ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:13:14,860 --> 00:13:25,640
539
+ ู‚ุต ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ู†ุต ุตุญุŸ ุญุธูˆุธุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‚ุต ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:13:25,640 --> 00:13:32,620
543
+ ููŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุชุงุด ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:13:32,620 --> 00:13:40,940
547
+ ุณุชุงุด ุชูƒูŠูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุณุชุงุด ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฑ ุชูƒูŠูŠุจ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:13:45,980 --> 00:13:52,420
551
+ ุทูŠุจ ุจุฏู‡ ุงู„ atomic packing factor ุงู„ atomic packing
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:13:52,420 --> 00:14:00,300
555
+ factor ุจูŠุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ volume of atoms ุฌูˆู‡ ุงู„ unit cell
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:14:00,300 --> 00:14:08,780
559
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ูƒู…ุถุฑุฉ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:14:08,780 --> 00:14:16,150
563
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ FCCุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฏุฑุงุช ุญุฌุจ ุงู„ุฏุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:14:16,150 --> 00:14:25,630
567
+ ุดูˆ ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุน ุชู„ุงุชุฉ by ุงุฑุชูƒุงู„ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ู‰ ุญุฌุจ ุงู„ unit
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:14:25,630 --> 00:14:36,430
571
+ cell ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณุชุงุด ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุฑุชูƒุงู„ ุณูŠุจูˆู‡ุง ุชุทู„ุน
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:14:36,430 --> 00:14:39,790
575
+ ุชุทู„ุน bond ุณุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:14:43,660 --> 00:14:47,820
579
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู†ุง ู…ุดุบู„ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ููŠ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:14:47,820 --> 00:14:52,380
583
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุญุฌู… unit cell ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:14:52,380 --> 00:14:56,980
587
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู…ุดุบูˆู„ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ููŠ ูุฑุงุบุงุช ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:14:56,980 --> 00:15:10,560
591
+ ู…ุซู„ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:15:10,560 --> 00:15:19,330
595
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุงูˆู„ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ BCC BCC unit
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:15:19,330 --> 00:15:24,830
599
+ cell
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:15:24,830 --> 00:15:37,610
603
+ ู‡ุฐุง
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:15:37,610 --> 00:15:41,170
607
+ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ body
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:15:41,170 --> 00:15:47,380
611
+ centered cubicุงู„ body centered cubic ุนู†ุฏ ู…ูƒุนุจ ุน ูƒู„
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:15:47,380 --> 00:15:52,940
615
+ corner ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ููŠู‡ ุฏุฑุฉ ูˆููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุทุฑ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:15:52,940 --> 00:15:59,840
619
+ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฉ ู‡ุฏู‰ ูˆ ู‡ุฏู‰ ูˆ ู‡ุฏู‰ touching ุงูˆ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:15:59,840 --> 00:16:04,120
623
+ ู‡ุฏู‰ ูˆ ู‡ุฏู‰ ูˆ ู‡ุฏู‰ touching ุงู„ู…ุนู†ูŠุฉ ุงูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:16:04,120 --> 00:16:11,560
627
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ูƒูŠู ุฃุฌุณุฑ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู†ุŸุชู‚ูˆู… ููŠ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:16:11,560 --> 00:16:15,960
631
+ ูˆููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฌูˆุง ูƒุงู…ู„ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุนุฏุฏ ุฏุฑู‘ุงุช ู„ูƒู„ unit cell
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:16:15,960 --> 00:16:22,200
635
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูƒู„ ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ ุทุงู„ุนุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:16:22,200 --> 00:16:26,780
639
+ ุจูŠุญูˆุทู‡ุง ุจ ุชู…ุงู… ุฏุฑู‘ุงุช ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ coordination number
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:16:26,780 --> 00:16:36,900
643
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ atomic packing factor 68% ุฎู„ู‘ูˆู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:16:36,900 --> 00:16:39,380
647
+ ู†ุฌุฏ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุจูŠู†
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:16:42,040 --> 00:16:46,600
651
+ ุงู„ู€ Lattice parameter A ูˆ ู†ุตู ู‚ุทุฑ ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูˆุด ุฏูŠ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:16:46,600 --> 00:16:55,760
655
+ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ูˆู„ุง ุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:17:26,840 --> 00:17:32,360
659
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุถู„ุน ุง
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:17:32,360 --> 00:17:45,160
663
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุง ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุง ุตุญ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:17:45,160 --> 00:17:54,060
667
+ ุงู„ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุต ูุงู†ุฏูŠ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:17:54,060 --> 00:18:02,530
671
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุฐุฑุฉููŠ ุถุฑู‡ูŠู† .. ููŠ ุถุฑู‡ูŠู† touching ุตุญุŸ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:18:02,530 --> 00:18:07,350
675
+ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ ู‡ุฐุง ูุงู†ุญูƒูŠ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:18:07,350 --> 00:18:17,490
679
+ a b c ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:18:17,490 --> 00:18:18,030
683
+ a ุจ c
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:18:26,490 --> 00:18:33,050
687
+ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุถู„ุน A B ุฅูŠุด ูŠุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุงูŠ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:18:33,050 --> 00:18:36,070
691
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ ุซุงุฏุซ ุตุญุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:18:36,070 --> 00:18:46,790
695
+ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑ ูู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌุฏุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† A ูˆ ุงู„ุถู„ุน B C ุฅูŠุด ุทูˆู„ู‡ุŸ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:18:46,790 --> 00:18:50,850
699
+ A ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ A B C ููŠ ุซุบูˆุฑุช ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ A C
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:18:50,850 --> 00:19:01,740
703
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ A B ุชุฑุจูŠุนุฒุงุฏ ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:19:01,740 --> 00:19:06,580
707
+ ุงู„ a c ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุถุฑุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:19:06,580 --> 00:19:11,980
711
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† R ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ R ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ R ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:19:11,980 --> 00:19:17,940
715
+ ุงู„ุนุงูƒู… ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุงุฑุจุนุฉ R ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ R ู„ูƒู„
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:19:17,940 --> 00:19:25,420
719
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุชุณุชูˆู‰ a b ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† a ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒุงุฏ b
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:19:25,420 --> 00:19:26,680
723
+ c ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ a ุชุฑุจูŠุน
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:19:29,530 --> 00:19:36,730
727
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ A ู‡ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฃุฑุจุน R
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:19:36,730 --> 00:19:42,670
731
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:19:42,670 --> 00:19:47,870
735
+ ุทูŠุจ ู„ูˆ ู†ุญุณู ุงู„ volume ุชุนุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ cell volume ุชุนุงู„ูŠู†
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:19:47,870 --> 00:19:51,430
739
+ ุงู„ cell ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:19:51,430 --> 00:19:54,850
743
+ ุณุงูˆูŠ A ุชูƒูŠุจ ุตุญุŸ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:19:57,990 --> 00:20:03,090
747
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู† R
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:20:03,090 --> 00:20:08,930
751
+ ุชูƒูŠูŠุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:20:08,930 --> 00:20:14,850
755
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:20:14,850 --> 00:20:18,650
759
+ ุทูŠุจ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:20:18,650 --> 00:20:21,130
763
+ ุงู„ volume ู„ู„ atoms ููŠ ุงู„ unit cell ุงูŠุด ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:20:21,130 --> 00:20:26,150
767
+ volume ู„ู„ atoms ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ unit cell ุงูƒุชุฑ ุถุฑุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:20:28,240 --> 00:20:36,960
771
+ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุญุฌุจู‡ุง ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ by R ุช๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠูŠุจ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:20:36,960 --> 00:20:45,060
775
+ ุงู„ atomic packing factor ุงู„ V ุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ atoms ุนู„ู‰ V
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:20:45,060 --> 00:20:50,820
779
+ ุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ unit cell ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:20:50,820 --> 00:20:54,480
783
+ by
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:20:54,480 --> 00:21:04,220
787
+ R ุชูƒูŠูŠุจุชู…ุงู†ู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงุฑุจุน ุณุชูŠู†
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:21:04,220 --> 00:21:07,420
791
+ ุงุฑุชูƒูŠุจ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:21:07,420 --> 00:21:20,460
795
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูƒูŠุจ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ู…ุน
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:21:20,460 --> 00:21:27,680
799
+ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูƒูŠุจ ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุน ุชู„ุงุชุฉูˆ ุงู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุน ูƒุงู…
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:21:27,680 --> 00:21:32,280
803
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุญุณุจูˆู‡ุง
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:21:32,280 --> 00:21:39,720
807
+ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุชุทู„ุน bond ุณุชุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:21:39,720 --> 00:21:44,640
811
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ BCC unit cell ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุง ุดุงุบู„ ุชุจุนูŠู† ูˆ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:21:44,640 --> 00:21:47,580
815
+ ุณุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุญุฌู… ุงู„ unit cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:21:47,580 --> 00:21:50,140
819
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูุฑุงุบ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:21:59,310 --> 00:22:05,570
823
+ ู‡ูˆ ุจุญุตุงุฆูŠุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฏุงุฆู…ุฉ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:22:05,570 --> 00:22:11,810
827
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ shells ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุญุธูŠุง ู…ุงุจูƒูˆู†ุด ู„ุญุธูŠุง
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:22:11,810 --> 00:22:16,390
831
+ ู…ุงุจูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุชุบูŠุฑ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:22:16,390 --> 00:22:19,270
835
+ orbitals ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูƒู„ ุถุฑุฑ ู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจุชู‡ุชุฒ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:22:34,350 --> 00:22:39,470
839
+ ุทูŠุจ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุญุงูƒู‰ ุงู† ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ุฌุงุฏูˆู„ ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู†
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:22:39,470 --> 00:22:43,290
843
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจู‡ุง BCC ุฒู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฏุงุฑุณ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:22:43,290 --> 00:22:49,790
847
+ ุดุนุฑุงุช ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† BCC ุงุฐุง ุจุชุณุฎู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุชุณุนู…ูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:22:49,790 --> 00:22:55,110
851
+ ุฒูŠูƒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ FCC ุณุฎู†ู‡ุง ู„ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู ูˆุงุฑู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจูŠุฑุฌุน
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:22:55,110 --> 00:23:06,510
855
+ BCC ุงู„ .. ุงู„ chromeBCC ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ูŠููŠุฏูŠูˆู… BCC ูˆุนู†ุฏ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:23:06,510 --> 00:23:18,250
859
+ ุงู„ุชู†ุฌุณุชูˆู† BCC ููŠ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:23:18,250 --> 00:23:22,930
863
+ ู†ูˆุน ุชุงู„ุช hexagonal
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:23:22,930 --> 00:23:27,250
867
+ closed peaked structure HCP
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:23:33,140 --> 00:23:38,120
871
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุณุฏุงุณุฉ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:23:38,120 --> 00:23:41,240
875
+ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:23:41,240 --> 00:23:46,240
879
+ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ ุดูƒู„ ุณุฏุงุณุฉ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏุง ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:23:46,240 --> 00:23:47,820
883
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:23:47,820 --> 00:23:47,840
887
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:23:47,840 --> 00:23:48,060
891
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:23:48,060 --> 00:23:50,240
895
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:23:50,240 --> 00:24:00,700
899
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:24:00,700 --> 00:24:09,020
903
+ ุงูŠูˆุงู„ุณูู„ ููŠู‡ ุงูŠุด ุถุฑุฑ ูˆููŠู‡
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:24:09,020 --> 00:24:13,160
907
+ ุชุจูˆุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุถุฑุฑุงุช
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:24:13,160 --> 00:24:19,940
911
+ ุงู„ุฎุถุฑ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงุฏุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุซู„ุฉ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:24:19,940 --> 00:24:25,000
915
+ ุงู„ุซุงุฏุฉ ุฌุงุก ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุถุฑุฑ touching ู…ู† ุงุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุช ุถุฑุฑ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:24:25,000 --> 00:24:29,480
919
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ูˆ touching ุงู„ุชู„ุงุช ุถุฑุฑ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู† ุงุณูู„ ุงู†ุง ุญุงู„ูŠุง
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:24:29,480 --> 00:24:35,440
923
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงุฏุฉููุท ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุซ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ุซ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:24:35,440 --> 00:24:42,660
927
+ ููŠ ุถุงุฑุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ touching ู„ุชู„ุงุช ุถุงุฑุงุช ู…ู† ุชุญุช ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:24:42,660 --> 00:24:50,200
931
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆู…ู† ุงุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ููุท ู‡ุฐู‡
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:24:50,200 --> 00:24:57,330
935
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุนุงู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุถุงุฑุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉ touchingู…ู† ุชุญุช
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:24:57,330 --> 00:25:05,390
939
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆู…ู† ุงุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:25:05,390 --> 00:25:15,190
943
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ HCP ุน
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:25:15,190 --> 00:25:21,150
947
+ ูƒุงู… ุถุฑุจุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุนู†ุฏ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:25:21,150 --> 00:25:22,470
951
+ ุงูƒุงู… corner
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:25:29,540 --> 00:25:38,420
955
+ ุงุทู†ุงุด ููŠู‡ ุงุชุถุฑุน ุงู„ corner ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุดุชุฑูƒ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:25:38,420 --> 00:25:43,720
959
+ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู… ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:25:43,720 --> 00:25:48,940
963
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุญุท ูƒู…ุงู† ุทุจู‚ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุชู‡ ุณุฏุณ ุงุชู†ุงุด
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:25:48,940 --> 00:25:49,520
967
+ ููŠู‡ ุณุฏุณ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:25:55,630 --> 00:26:07,810
971
+ ุทูŠุจ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ู†ุต ุฒุงุฆุฏ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:26:07,810 --> 00:26:12,670
975
+ ููŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฌูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:26:12,670 --> 00:26:18,790
979
+ ุงู†ุง ู‡ุงูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:26:31,610 --> 00:26:35,410
983
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงุญูˆุฌ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ a ูˆ ุงู„ atomic radius
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:26:35,410 --> 00:26:41,010
987
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ face ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ุงูˆ ุงู„ face ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:27:39,920 --> 00:27:44,180
991
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ touching ู‡ุฐุง
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:27:44,180 --> 00:27:51,000
995
+ ุทู„ุน ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:27:51,000 --> 00:27:54,020
999
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:27:54,020 --> 00:27:54,640
1003
+ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:27:54,640 --> 00:27:54,900
1007
+ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:27:54,900 --> 00:27:55,220
1011
+ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:27:55,220 --> 00:27:58,120
1015
+ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:27:58,120 --> 00:28:01,100
1019
+ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:28:01,100 --> 00:28:04,620
1023
+ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุณุช
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:28:08,340 --> 00:28:17,040
1027
+ ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† C ูˆ A C ุนู„ู‰ A ุจุณ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:28:17,040 --> 00:28:25,380
1031
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ point ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุช ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุญุณุจ .. ู†ุฌูŠุจ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:28:25,380 --> 00:28:29,740
1035
+ ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู… ู†ุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:28:37,620 --> 00:28:43,280
1039
+ ู‡ุงุฎุฏ ุงู†ุฏู‡ุงูŠ ุถุงุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงุซู†ุชูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุฏูŠ ุงู„
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:28:43,280 --> 00:28:47,160
1043
+ touching ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ touching ุงู„ู„ู‡ู… ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุนู…ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฑู…
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:28:47,160 --> 00:28:52,640
1047
+ ู‚ุงุนุฏุชู‡ ู…ุซู„ุซ ู…ุชุณุงูˆ ุงู„ุฃุถู„ุงู„ ู‡ุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฑู…
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:29:17,280 --> 00:29:24,420
1051
+ ุฎุฑู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูŠู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:29:24,420 --> 00:29:31,280
1055
+ ู‡ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ูˆ ู‡ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ุตุญุŸู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฏ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:29:31,280 --> 00:29:42,280
1059
+ ุงูŠู‡ ูˆู‡ุฏ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:29:42,280 --> 00:29:45,660
1063
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒู… ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุฉ ู†ุต
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:29:53,090 --> 00:30:00,630
1067
+ ู…ุตุจูˆุญุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู„ูˆ ู‡ู†ุฒู„ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ู…ู† ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ู‡ุฑู… ู„ู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:30:00,630 --> 00:30:06,850
1071
+ ู‡ูŠุฌูŠ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:30:06,850 --> 00:30:17,090
1075
+ ุญูŠุจุฑ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:30:17,090 --> 00:30:25,600
1079
+ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู…ู†ุตูุงุช ู†ู‚ุทุฉุงู„ู…ู†ุงุตูุงุช ู„ุงู† ุฎู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซู„ุช ู„ุญุงู„ู‡
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:30:25,600 --> 00:30:26,940
1083
+ ู…ุชุณุงูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฃุทู„ุงุน
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:30:49,580 --> 00:30:57,680
1087
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:30:57,680 --> 00:31:02,300
1091
+ ุงูŠู‡ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:31:02,300 --> 00:31:07,940
1095
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงูŠุด ู„ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ุซู„ุซ ุงูˆ ุงุถู„ุงุน ูˆ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุณุชู‚ูŠู„
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:31:07,940 --> 00:31:13,800
1099
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุตุฑ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุง ุนู„ู‰
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:31:13,800 --> 00:31:14,240
1103
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:31:18,640 --> 00:31:24,180
1107
+ ูˆู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซุฉ ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุซุบูˆุฑุซ ุงูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ..
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:31:24,180 --> 00:31:27,820
1111
+ ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:31:27,820 --> 00:31:37,760
1115
+ .. ุณุงู…ุน ุณุงู† ูƒูŠูˆ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงูŠ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:31:37,760 --> 00:31:38,600
1119
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉุŸ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:31:48,440 --> 00:31:53,400
1123
+ ุงูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงูŠู‡
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:31:53,400 --> 00:32:02,320
1127
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุฒุงุฏ q ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† q ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:32:02,320 --> 00:32:07,180
1131
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:32:07,180 --> 00:32:10,420
1135
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:32:10,420 --> 00:32:11,040
1139
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:32:14,210 --> 00:32:21,850
1143
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ Q ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:32:21,850 --> 00:32:28,890
1147
+ ุงู„ A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุด ุฏู‡ ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุทุจ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุงูŠุด ุชู„ุชูŠู†
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:32:28,890 --> 00:32:37,430
1151
+ ุชู„ุชูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุชู„ุชูŠู† ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ูˆ ุฃุฎุฏุช ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุฐุง
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:32:37,430 --> 00:32:42,110
1155
+ ู‡ุณู…ูŠู‡
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:32:42,110 --> 00:32:55,820
1159
+ ุงูŠู‡B C ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุทู„ุนู‡ ุจุฑุง ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ A A
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:32:55,820 --> 00:33:06,740
1163
+ B C 91 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ A ุจูŠ ุฃูƒู… C ุนู„ู‰
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:33:06,740 --> 00:33:07,540
1167
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:33:12,140 --> 00:33:21,180
1171
+ ูˆ ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุทูˆู„ุชูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญ ุจูŠ ุณูŠ ุจุชุณูˆูŠ ุทูˆู„ุชูŠู† Q
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:33:21,180 --> 00:33:30,500
1175
+ ุตุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุทูˆู„ุชูŠู† ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ A
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:33:30,500 --> 00:33:33,860
1179
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:33:33,860 --> 00:33:53,820
1183
+ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ Aู‡ู†ุง ุชู‡ุฏูŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:33:53,820 --> 00:34:00,400
1187
+ a ูˆ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:34:00,400 --> 00:34:05,180
1191
+ ุงู„ a c ุงูŠุด ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุง
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:34:05,180 --> 00:34:08,760
1195
+ ู‡ูˆ touching ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ R ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ R ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:34:08,760 --> 00:34:11,040
1199
+ ุงูŠู‡ ุงู„ a c
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:34:14,460 --> 00:34:22,620
1203
+ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ HLA ุจุฑุถู‡
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:34:22,620 --> 00:34:34,940
1207
+ ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ููŠุซุง ุบูˆุฑุซ ู‡ูƒูˆู†
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:34:34,940 --> 00:34:43,680
1211
+ ุนู†ุฏ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจุณุงูˆูŠ C ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:34:46,540 --> 00:34:54,160
1215
+ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูŠู‡ ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู„ุช ุงูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:34:54,160 --> 00:34:57,380
1219
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:34:57,380 --> 00:35:09,000
1223
+ ุชู„ุชูŠู† ุงูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูŠุณุชูˆู‰ C ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:35:09,000 --> 00:35:21,770
1227
+ C C ุชุฑุจูŠุฉุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุน ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูŠู‡ ุชุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:35:21,770 --> 00:35:27,950
1231
+ C ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุน ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุญุตูˆู„ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:35:27,950 --> 00:35:28,510
1235
+ ุน ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:35:43,800 --> 00:35:51,480
1239
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ point ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูŠู‡
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:35:51,480 --> 00:36:00,300
1243
+ ู…ุน ุงู†ุทู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† c ูˆ a one point six ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:36:00,300 --> 00:36:05,040
1247
+ atomic packing factor ุงูŠุด
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:36:05,040 --> 00:36:11,380
1251
+ ุจูŠุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ atomic packing factor ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:36:11,380 --> 00:36:17,700
1255
+ atomsุน ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:36:17,700 --> 00:36:22,940
1259
+ ุงู„ unit cell ู…ุด ุณูˆู‰ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ a ุจุชุงุน ุงู„
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:36:22,940 --> 00:36:31,080
1263
+ base ููŠ ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ c ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:36:52,680 --> 00:36:58,800
1267
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:36:58,800 --> 00:37:07,320
1271
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุณุช ู…ุชู„ุชุงุช ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ ุงูŠู‡ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ base ู‡ุฐูŠ
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:37:07,320 --> 00:37:15,540
1275
+ ุฒูŠ ุณุชูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงูŠ ู…ุชู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฏู†ูŠุง ุญุงุตู„
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:37:15,540 --> 00:37:19,000
1279
+ ุถุฑุจ ุงุถู„ูŠุงู† ู†ุต ุญุงุตู„ ุถุฑุจ ุงุถู„ูŠุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ุตูŠู† ุงุฒุงูˆูŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู…
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:37:19,000 --> 00:37:20,560
1283
+ ู†ุต
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:37:22,800 --> 00:37:31,360
1287
+ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน sin 60 sin 60 ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตุญุŸ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:37:31,360 --> 00:37:41,420
1291
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุทุจุนุง ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:37:41,420 --> 00:37:46,720
1295
+ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ู‡ุงุฏุฆ A ู„ู… ุซู„ุซ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:37:50,040 --> 00:37:58,080
1299
+ ุฃุชุนุฉ ุงู„ base ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุชุฉ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:37:58,080 --> 00:38:08,240
1303
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุง ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:38:08,240 --> 00:38:13,140
1307
+ ุงู„ a ุงูŠุด ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† R ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงุฑุจุนุฉ R ุชุฑุจูŠุน
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:38:13,140 --> 00:38:23,950
1311
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉR ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:38:23,950 --> 00:38:30,690
1315
+ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุณุงูˆู‰ ุณุชุฉ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ R
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:38:30,690 --> 00:38:37,230
1319
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุงู„ C ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ point ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:38:37,230 --> 00:38:44,630
1323
+ ููŠ ุงู„ A ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† R ู‡ุฐุง
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:38:44,630 --> 00:38:47,450
1327
+ ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:38:47,450 --> 00:38:47,790
1331
+ atoms
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:38:59,920 --> 00:39:09,440
1335
+ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ by R ุชูƒูŠูŠู ุทูŠุจ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:39:09,440 --> 00:39:16,820
1339
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ atomic packing factor ุญูŠุซ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:39:16,820 --> 00:39:20,580
1343
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ atoms ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณุชุฉ ููŠ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:39:20,580 --> 00:39:23,600
1347
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:39:26,030 --> 00:39:36,470
1351
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูู‰ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ by ุงุฑุชูƒุงุจ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:39:36,470 --> 00:39:42,090
1355
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:39:42,090 --> 00:39:52,430
1359
+ by ุงุฑุชูƒุงุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:39:52,430 --> 00:39:55,750
1363
+ ุณุชุฉ ูู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ุงุดุฑ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:39:57,990 --> 00:40:10,970
1367
+ ุงุญุฏ point ุณุชุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุชูƒุงุจ ุญุณุจูˆู‡ุง
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:40:10,970 --> 00:40:17,810
1371
+ ุชุทู„ุน
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:40:17,810 --> 00:40:19,610
1375
+ point ุณุจุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:40:25,480 --> 00:40:30,580
1379
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงุดุบุงู„ ุญุฌู… utensil ู†ูุณ ุงู„ FCC ุงู„ HCB ู†ูุณ ุงู„
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:40:30,580 --> 00:40:37,620
1383
+ FCC 0.74 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุดุบู„ 74 .. ุงู„ุฅุฏุงุฑุงุช ุชุดุบู„ 74% ู…ู†
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:40:37,620 --> 00:40:44,220
1387
+ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุทูŠุจ
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:40:44,220 --> 00:40:49,400
1391
+ ุงู„
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:40:49,400 --> 00:40:56,610
1395
+ density ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุญุณุงุจุงุช ุงู„ densityูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุง
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:40:56,610 --> 00:40:58,650
1399
+ ุจุงุนุฑู ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจุงู„ู„ูˆุฑูŠ ู„ู…ุงุฏู‡ ู…ุนุงูŠุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุนุฑู ุงู„
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:40:58,650 --> 00:41:03,030
1403
+ density ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุญุณุงุจูŠุง ุงู„
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:41:03,030 --> 00:41:13,690
1407
+ density ุฑูˆู‡ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุณูˆู‰ mass ุนู„ู‰ volume ุงู„
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:41:13,690 --> 00:41:18,750
1411
+ mass ููŠ ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุณูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏุฏ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:41:18,750 --> 00:41:23,690
1415
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุช ุงูƒู… ุฏุฑู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท number of atoms
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:41:28,340 --> 00:41:30,800
1419
+ ุฃู†ุง ูƒู†ุช ุจู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุทุจุง ูƒูˆูŠุช .. ุงู„ุฃุทุจุง ูƒูˆูŠุช ..
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:41:30,800 --> 00:41:36,760
1423
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃุทุจุง ูƒูˆูŠุช ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ mass ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ .. ู„ูƒู„
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:41:36,760 --> 00:41:41,240
1427
+ .. ููŠ ุงู„ mall .. ููŠ ุงู„ mall .. ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุทุจุง ูƒูˆูŠุช
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:41:48,020 --> 00:41:52,980
1431
+ ุงู„ุงู† ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ avogadro ู„ุงู†
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:41:52,980 --> 00:42:03,800
1435
+ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ 6.022ร—10ร—23 ุฏุฑู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ avogadro ู‡ุฐุง
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:42:03,800 --> 00:42:11,100
1439
+ ุงู„ mass ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ V ุจุชุงุน ุงู„
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:42:11,100 --> 00:42:14,340
1443
+ unit cell ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช ุงู„ number of atoms
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:42:14,340 --> 00:42:16,580
1447
+ ุจุญูƒูŠ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุชุงุด atoms ุตุญุŸ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:42:19,010 --> 00:42:29,070
1451
+ ุงู„ู€ atom equate ุงุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ุนุฏุฏ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:42:29,070 --> 00:42:37,290
1455
+ of ุฌุงุฏุฑู‡ atoms ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:42:37,290 --> 00:42:42,210
1459
+ ุงู„ volume ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุณูŠู„ ู…ุซู„ุง centimeter ู…ูƒุนุจ ุงูˆ ู…ุชุฑ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:42:42,210 --> 00:42:48,650
1463
+ ู…ูƒุนุจ whatever units ูู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุงู† ุงู„ atomsู…ุน atoms ู…ูˆู„
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:42:48,650 --> 00:42:57,430
1467
+ ู…ุน ู…ูˆู„ ุจุตู ูŠุงุด ุงู„ gram ุงู„ุงู‚ุชุตุงุฏ
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:42:57,430 --> 00:43:07,390
1471
+ mass ุนู„ู‰ volume ุชุดูˆู
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:43:07,390 --> 00:43:13,470
1475
+ ู…ุซุงู„ copper has an atomic radius of 0.128
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:43:13,470 --> 00:43:22,400
1479
+ nanometerุงู†ุญุงุณ ู…ุณูƒูˆุชุฑุฏุงุฑุชูˆ ุงู„ R.128
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:43:22,400 --> 00:43:27,320
1483
+ nanometer ูˆ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:43:27,320 --> 00:43:36,080
1487
+ ุงู„ structure ุจุชุงุนู‡ FCC ูˆ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:43:36,080 --> 00:43:42,380
1491
+ ุงู„ atomic weight ู„ู„ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุชู„ุงุช
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:43:42,380 --> 00:43:43,000
1495
+ ุณุชูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุต
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:43:46,880 --> 00:43:53,520
1499
+ ุฅุฌุฑุงู… ู„ู„ู…ูˆู„ ..ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุฒู† ุฃูƒู…ุŸ ูˆุฒู† 6.022ร—10ร—23
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:43:53,520 --> 00:43:57,900
1503
+ ุฏุฑู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:43:57,900 --> 00:44:04,580
1507
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ ..ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุนุฏุฏู†ุง ุทูŠุจ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:44:11,430 --> 00:44:13,850
1511
+ Compute its theoretical density and compare it
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:44:13,850 --> 00:44:17,530
1515
+ with the
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:44:17,530 --> 00:44:29,550
1519
+ measured value ุงู„ุฑูˆุญ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุฏุฑุงุช ููŠ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:44:29,550 --> 00:44:38,350
1523
+ molecular weight ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ V ุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:44:38,350 --> 00:44:43,790
1527
+ ู„ูˆ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑูˆุง ุตุญุŸู‡ูŠ FCC ุงุญู†ุง ุญุงูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุงุฌุจ ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ V
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:44:43,790 --> 00:44:51,450
1531
+ ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุงูŠุด ุชุณุงูˆูŠ A ุชูƒูŠุจ ูˆุงู„ A ููŠ ุงู„
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:44:51,450 --> 00:44:59,210
1535
+ unit cell ุงูŠุด ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ FCC A
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:44:59,210 --> 00:45:02,990
1539
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฒูŠ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจูŠุณุชูˆู‰ ุณุชุงุดุฑ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชูˆู‰
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:45:02,990 --> 00:45:10,190
1543
+ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ R ุตุญ ุงู„ A ุจูŠุณุชูˆู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:45:11,960 --> 00:45:22,080
1547
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู‚ุต ู†ุต ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ููŠ ุงุฑ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:45:22,080 --> 00:45:26,880
1551
+ ุงู‚ุต ู†ุต ููŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู‚ุต ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุน ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตุญุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:45:26,880 --> 00:45:37,380
1555
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุธุจุทุŸ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:45:37,380 --> 00:45:38,120
1559
+ ุงุฑ ุชูƒุนูŠุจ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:45:40,940 --> 00:45:47,740
1563
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุน ุชู†ูŠุฉ point
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:45:47,740 --> 00:45:52,880
1567
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู†ุงู†ูˆ ู…ุชุฑ ู†ุงู†ูˆ ู…ุชุฑ ุงูƒู… ุจุงู„ุงุณู…
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:45:52,880 --> 00:45:57,140
1571
+ ู„ู„ู…ุชุฑ ุนุดุฑ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุณุจุนุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ sound ุนุดุฑ
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:45:57,140 --> 00:46:04,660
1575
+ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุณุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุงู„ุณุงู„ุจ ุณุจุนุฉ centimeter ุงู„ูƒู„ ุชูƒูŠุจ
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:46:04,660 --> 00:46:06,140
1579
+ ุงู„ raw
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:46:13,030 --> 00:46:20,270
1583
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุณูˆูŠ ุงู†ุง ูƒู… ุฏูˆุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ FCC ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:46:20,270 --> 00:46:29,790
1587
+ ุงู„ atom of Kuwait ุงุฑุจุน atoms ููŠ
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:46:29,790 --> 00:46:36,730
1591
+ atom of Kuwait ุชู„ุงุช ุณุชูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุต ุงุฌุฑุงู… ููŠ ูƒู„ ุณู†ุชู…ุฉ ูˆ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:46:36,730 --> 00:46:40,430
1595
+ ู…ูƒุนุจ ุนู„ู‰
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:46:40,430 --> 00:46:42,470
1599
+ ุงู„ volume ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ unit cell ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ุทู„ุนู†ุง ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:46:44,490 --> 00:46:51,250
1603
+ ุงูƒุงู…ุŸ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณ ุงู†ุง
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:46:51,250 --> 00:46:55,430
1607
+ ุชูƒุงูŠุจ ุงู†ุช
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:46:55,430 --> 00:46:59,350
1611
+ ูƒุงูŠุจ ุงูƒู„ุชู„
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:46:59,350 --> 00:47:03,450
1615
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุŸ ุงุนุทูŠู†ูŠ .. ุงู†ุง
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:47:03,450 --> 00:47:07,190
1619
+ ุนุงู… ุงูƒุงู… ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณ point ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:47:12,620 --> 00:47:18,680
1623
+ ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑ ุฃู‚ู„ ุณุงู„ุจ ูƒู…ุŸ ุนุดุฑ ุฃู‚ู„ ุณุงู„ุจ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:47:18,680 --> 00:47:27,000
1627
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุนุดุฑ ุฃู‚ู„ ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุงู†ุช
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:47:27,000 --> 00:47:33,780
1631
+ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุญุท ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจู‚ูˆู†ุช ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:47:33,780 --> 00:47:38,760
1635
+ ููŠ ุนุดุฑ ุฃู‚ู„ ุณุงู„ุจ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุณุงู†ุช ู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:47:51,400 --> 00:47:56,000
1639
+ ููŠ ุณุชุฉ point O ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุงูˆ ุงุณ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:47:56,000 --> 00:48:04,140
1643
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† atom ู„ูƒู„ mole ุญุณุจูˆู‡ุง
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:48:04,140 --> 00:48:14,660
1647
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:48:14,660 --> 00:48:16,720
1651
+ ุชุณุนุฉ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:48:25,960 --> 00:48:32,420
1655
+ ุฅุฌุฑุงู† ู„ูƒู„ ุตู…ุช ุชู…ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุนุจ ุฑูˆุญ
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:48:32,420 --> 00:48:33,760
1659
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ููŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:48:51,960 --> 00:48:59,560
1663
+ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑ ุชู…ู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆุชุณุนูŠู† ูƒุชุจุช
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:48:59,560 --> 00:49:05,080
1667
+ ุงู„ูƒุจุฑ ุชู…ู†ูŠุฉ ุจูˆู† ุชุณุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุชู…ู†ูŠุฉ ุจูˆู† ุชุณุนุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:49:05,080 --> 00:49:11,740
1671
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุทุฑุญุช ุชู…ู†ูŠุฉ ุจูˆู† ุชุณุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุชู…ู†ูŠุฉ ุจูˆู†
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:49:11,740 --> 00:49:15,040
1675
+ ุชุณุนุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุชู…ู†ูŠุฉ ุจูˆู† ุชุณุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ู…ูŠุฉ
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:49:18,730 --> 00:49:29,470
1679
+ 8.94 ู…ู‚ุตุฏ 8.92 ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู‚ุณู… ุนู„ู‰ 8.94 ููŠ ู…ูŠุฉ ุงูƒู…
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:49:29,470 --> 00:49:38,890
1683
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู‚ู„ ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงูƒู…
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:49:38,890 --> 00:49:46,100
1687
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู„ู
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:49:46,100 --> 00:49:52,180
1691
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุถุนูŠู ุฌุฏุง ููŠูƒูˆู† ุฎู„ุตุช ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ููŠูƒูˆู†
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:49:52,180 --> 00:49:52,500
1695
+ ุนุงููŠุฉ
1696
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbBCceOozNtoSQCtYlAhMQo/oleGU4RU89Y.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1635 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:05,130 --> 00:00:08,110
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:08,110 --> 00:00:12,830
7
+ ุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ุจ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:12,830 --> 00:00:17,050
11
+ chapter ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„ู€ crystal structure ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:17,050 --> 00:00:21,450
15
+ ุงู„ู€ crystal structure ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ FCC ุงู„ู€ FCC ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:21,450 --> 00:00:25,930
19
+ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ูƒู„ corner ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ face
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:25,930 --> 00:00:29,830
23
+ ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ atoms ููŠ ุงู„ู€ unit cell ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:29,830 --> 00:00:35,770
27
+ atoms ุงู„ู€ coordination number ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ ุงู„ู€ atomic
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:35,770 --> 00:00:42,300
31
+ packing factor ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ BCC
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:42,300 --> 00:00:45,300
35
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ูˆููŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:45,300 --> 00:00:49,960
39
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ุนุฏุฏ ุฐุฑุงุช ู„ูƒู„ unit cell ู‡ูˆ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู€
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:49,960 --> 00:00:52,580
43
+ coordination number ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ atomic packing
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:52,580 --> 00:00:59,940
47
+ factor 68% ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ HCP ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:59,940 --> 00:01:05,360
51
+ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ unit cell ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุณุฏุงุณูŠ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:05,360 --> 00:01:08,740
55
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ 12 corner
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:08,740 --> 00:01:12,160
59
+ ููŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุงุณ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ูˆุฐุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุงุณ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:12,160 --> 00:01:17,980
63
+ ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ูˆููŠ ุซู„ุงุซ ุฐุฑุงุช ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู€ C ุนู„ู‰ A ratio 1.
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:17,980 --> 00:01:23,260
67
+ 633 ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ู„ูƒู„ unit cell 6 ุงู„ู€
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:23,260 --> 00:01:25,220
71
+ atomic packing factor 0.74
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:28,220 --> 00:01:30,480
75
+ ุดูู†ุง ูƒูŠู ู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€ density ุงู„ู€ density ู‡ูˆ number of
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:30,480 --> 00:01:32,800
79
+ atoms per unit cell ููŠ ุงู„ู€ atomic mass ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:32,800 --> 00:01:35,480
83
+ volume of unit cell ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ุฃููˆุฌุงุฏุฑูˆ ุญู„ูŠู†ุง
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:35,480 --> 00:01:41,620
87
+ examples ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ polymorphism polymorphism
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:41,620 --> 00:01:44,500
91
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ material ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:44,500 --> 00:01:49,820
95
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† BCC ุนู†ุฏ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:49,820 --> 00:01:52,140
99
+ 912 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ FCC
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:55,240 --> 00:01:59,880
103
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชุนุฑู ุฌูˆุง how to define points ุฃู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:59,880 --> 00:02:03,240
107
+ ู†ุธุงู… ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช ุซู„ุงุซูŠ ุงู„ุฃุจุนุงุฏ XYZ right hand
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:03,240 --> 00:02:08,900
111
+ coordinate system ุดูู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู† ู†ู‚ุงุท ูƒูŠู ู†ุนุฑู
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:08,900 --> 00:02:15,520
115
+ ุงู„ู€ directions ููŠ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:15,520 --> 00:02:18,500
119
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ HCP ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ three axis system ูˆ four
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:18,500 --> 00:02:22,420
123
+ axis system ูˆุดูู†ุง ุงู„ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ three axis ู„ู„ู€
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:22,420 --> 00:02:28,460
127
+ four axis system ุญู„ูŠู†ุง examples ู„ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:28,460 --> 00:02:33,380
131
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ linear density ุนุดุงู† ู‡ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„ู€
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:33,380 --> 00:02:38,120
135
+ repeat distance ุงู„ู€ repeat distance ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู†
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:38,120 --> 00:02:46,660
139
+ two lattice points ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:46,660 --> 00:02:51,220
143
+ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุจูŠู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุนู„ู‰
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:51,220 --> 00:02:55,170
147
+ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ repeat distance ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ repeat
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:55,170 --> 00:02:58,350
151
+ distance ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุชุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† direction ู„ู€
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:58,350 --> 00:03:01,910
155
+ direction ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ู€ direction ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:01,910 --> 00:03:10,590
159
+ repeat distance ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ BCC ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:10,590 --> 00:03:11,950
163
+ ุงู„ู€ one one one direction
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:52,230 --> 00:04:06,510
167
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ BCC ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ูƒู„ corner ูˆ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:06,510 --> 00:04:17,550
171
+ ุฐุฑุฉ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ุงู„ู€ direction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ one one one
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:17,550 --> 00:04:20,050
175
+ one ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ direction
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:27,720 --> 00:04:34,820
179
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ direction ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู†
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:34,820 --> 00:04:41,540
183
+ ุฐุฑุฉ ุตุญุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุชู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ repeat
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:41,540 --> 00:04:46,780
187
+ distance ููŠ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:46,780 --> 00:04:53,200
191
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ direction ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒุŸ ุขู‡ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:53,200 --> 00:04:56,220
195
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูƒูˆู†ุฑ ุณู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:59,530 --> 00:05:04,830
199
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆุฌูˆุง ู…ูƒุนุจูƒ ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ุขู† start ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:04,830 --> 00:05:09,150
203
+ direction ูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชูƒุฑุฑ ู„ู…ุง ู„ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:09,150 --> 00:05:12,790
207
+ ุงู„ุทูˆู„
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:12,790 --> 00:05:21,530
211
+ ุชุงุนู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุทูˆู„ ุฅูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ูƒู…
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:21,530 --> 00:05:28,500
215
+ ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุญ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ repeat distance ู„ู„ู€
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:28,500 --> 00:05:35,260
219
+ direction ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:35,260 --> 00:05:46,460
223
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ lattice parameter ุตุญ ุงู„ู€ a ู„ูˆ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:46,460 --> 00:05:51,440
227
+ ุฃุฎุฐู†ุง ุงู„ู€ one one zero direction ุงู„ู€ one one zero
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:51,440 --> 00:05:51,860
231
+ direction
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:58,780 --> 00:06:06,740
235
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญ ู‡ุฐุง
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:06,740 --> 00:06:13,680
239
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ zero direction ู„ุฃู†
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:13,680 --> 00:06:20,760
243
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏู„ุช ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:20,760 --> 00:06:26,530
247
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุตุญ repeat this sentence ููŠ ุงู„ู€
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:26,530 --> 00:06:34,730
251
+ direction 110 ู„ู€ BCC ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฌุฐุฑ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:34,730 --> 00:06:40,350
255
+ A ุทูŠุจ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:40,350 --> 00:06:48,130
259
+ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ BCC ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ FCC ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:48,130 --> 00:06:54,170
263
+ direction ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุฏู‡ ุตุญุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:54,170 --> 00:07:01,560
267
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ BCC repeat distance ุนู„ู‰
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:07:01,560 --> 00:07:10,120
271
+ ุงู„ู€ direction 110 ู„ู€ FCC ุฌุฐุฑ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:07:10,120 --> 00:07:24,200
275
+ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ 2A ู„ุฃู†
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:07:24,200 --> 00:07:30,590
279
+ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ู„ูƒู„
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:07:30,590 --> 00:07:36,030
283
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุทูˆู„ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠู† ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:07:36,030 --> 00:07:42,170
287
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุทูˆู„ along direction ู…ุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:07:42,170 --> 00:07:44,630
291
+ ู…ุนูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ linearity ู‡ูŠ number of centers on
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:44,630 --> 00:07:47,610
295
+ direction vector ุนู„ู‰ length of direction vector
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:52,670 --> 00:07:55,410
299
+ ุงู„ุขู† if a direction equivalent ู„ other direction,
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:55,510 --> 00:07:58,570
303
+ all directions have identical linear density ูŠุนู†ูŠ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:58,570 --> 00:08:01,450
307
+ ุงู„ู€ direction ุจูŠูƒูˆู† equivalent ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:08:01,450 --> 00:08:05,310
311
+ ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ linear
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:08:05,310 --> 00:08:09,090
315
+ density ุงู„ู€ linear density ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:08:09,090 --> 00:08:14,050
319
+ repeat distance ุดูˆู
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:08:14,050 --> 00:08:25,350
323
+ ู…ุซุงู„ find linear density along ุฃู† ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง 1 1 0 for
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:08:25,350 --> 00:08:34,210
327
+ FCC and BCC ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง long ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:08:34,210 --> 00:08:39,070
331
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:39,070 --> 00:08:44,430
335
+ ู‡ูŠ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:08:44,430 --> 00:08:44,950
339
+ ุงู„ู€ BCC
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:53,250 --> 00:09:03,490
343
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ X ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Y ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Z ุตุญ ุงู„ู€
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:09:03,490 --> 00:09:14,110
347
+ one one zero direction ู‡ุฐุง
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:09:14,110 --> 00:09:22,150
351
+ ุตุญ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:09:22,150 --> 00:09:22,770
355
+ linear density
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:09:27,270 --> 00:09:30,450
359
+ ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ number of atoms centered along direction
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:09:30,450 --> 00:09:38,950
363
+ number of atoms ุนู„ู‰
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:09:38,950 --> 00:09:45,030
367
+ ุงู„ู€ length number
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:09:45,030 --> 00:09:50,570
371
+ of atoms ุนู†ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ BCC ู‡ูŠู†ุจุฏุง ูƒู… ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆู„ุง
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:09:50,570 --> 00:09:53,090
375
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:09:54,990 --> 00:09:59,170
379
+ ู„ู…ุง ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุท ุงู„ุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ุฃู†ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุนุฏ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:09:59,170 --> 00:10:06,070
383
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ุตูุฑ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ู€ start point ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:10:06,070 --> 00:10:14,570
387
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู€ length ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฐุฑ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฅูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:10:14,570 --> 00:10:19,670
391
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ repeat distance ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ repeat
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:10:19,670 --> 00:10:24,130
395
+ distance ู…ุด ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุฌุฐุฑ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฅูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:10:26,940 --> 00:10:35,840
399
+ BCC ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ FCC ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ direction ุนู†ุฏ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:10:35,840 --> 00:10:47,540
403
+ ุนู†ุฏ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:10:47,540 --> 00:10:56,910
407
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุฐุฑุงุช ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:10:56,910 --> 00:11:03,110
411
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ length ุงู„ู„ูŠ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:11:03,110 --> 00:11:09,670
415
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุฌุฐุฑ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:11:09,670 --> 00:11:18,510
419
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฅูŠู‡
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:11:18,510 --> 00:11:20,330
423
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:11:26,760 --> 00:11:39,520
427
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู„ุฃ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:11:39,520 --> 00:11:49,280
431
+ ุงู„ู€ length ุงู„ู€ length ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:11:49,280 --> 00:11:51,700
435
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู€ repeat distance
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:11:56,270 --> 00:12:00,470
439
+ ู„ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฎุฐุช ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:12:00,470 --> 00:12:04,170
443
+ ุฌุฐุฑ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:12:04,170 --> 00:12:10,470
447
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุขู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฐุฑ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:12:10,470 --> 00:12:19,090
451
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุขู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ linear density ู‡ุชุญูƒูŠ ู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ atom
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:12:19,090 --> 00:12:23,150
455
+ ู„ูƒู„
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:12:23,150 --> 00:12:23,770
459
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุทูˆู„
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:12:38,980 --> 00:12:45,860
463
+ ุทูŠุจ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ุซุงุจุช ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ุฃู†ุช ู…ูŠู† ู…ูŠู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ุŸ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:12:45,860 --> 00:12:48,320
467
+ ู…ูŠู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ index ููŠ ุงู„ู€ BCC ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ directionุŸ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:12:48,320 --> 00:12:53,360
471
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฌุฐุฑ ุงุซู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุฏ ูƒู…ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู† ู‡ุฏ ุถุนู
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:12:53,360 --> 00:13:00,590
475
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ BCC ู‡ุฒ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ FCC
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:13:00,590 --> 00:13:04,330
479
+ ู†ุตู ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ FCC
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:13:04,330 --> 00:13:11,410
483
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุฅุฐุง
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:13:11,410 --> 00:13:16,030
487
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ repeat distance ุตุญูŠุญ ุตุญูŠุญ ุฅุฐุง ุงุดุชุบู„ุช
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:13:16,030 --> 00:13:24,090
491
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจุฏูƒ ุฅูŠุด ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุทูŠุจ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:13:35,600 --> 00:13:37,720
495
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุชุŒ ุงุญู†ุง so far ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:13:37,720 --> 00:13:42,200
499
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุทุŒ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู€ directionsุŒ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู€
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:13:42,200 --> 00:13:48,280
503
+ crystallographic planes ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:13:50,890 --> 00:13:56,590
507
+ ู…ุนุจุฃุฉ ุจุฐุฑู‘ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ูˆ ุชุตุฑู
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:13:56,590 --> 00:14:02,950
511
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ. ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฐุฑูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู…ุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:14:02,950 --> 00:14:06,030
515
+ ููŠู‡ุง deformation due to slip mechanism slip
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:14:06,030 --> 00:14:10,510
519
+ mechanism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฐุฑูŠุฉ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุจูุนู„
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:14:10,510 --> 00:14:15,510
523
+ ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ู€ loading ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู…ุซู„ุง axle ุฃูˆ bending ุฃูˆ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:14:15,510 --> 00:14:18,570
527
+ torsion ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ combination ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ loading
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:14:18,570 --> 00:14:23,080
531
+ conditions ู‡ุฐู‡. ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฐุฑูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:14:23,080 --> 00:14:27,700
535
+ ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠู† ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุฐุฑูŠุฉ. ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุณู‡ู„
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:14:27,700 --> 00:14:32,540
539
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุฐุฑุงุช ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:14:32,540 --> 00:14:35,300
543
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช. ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฐุฑูŠุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:14:35,300 --> 00:14:41,560
547
+ slip ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ deformation ููŠ along ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ most
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:14:41,560 --> 00:14:46,300
551
+ closed packed plains ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:14:46,300 --> 00:14:55,490
555
+ ูƒุซุงูุฉ along ุงู„ู€ most dense directions ุนุดุงู†
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:14:55,490 --> 00:15:02,550
559
+ ุชุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุฅู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซ ู†ู‚ุงุท. ูŠุฌุจ ุชุญุฏูŠุฏ ุซู„ุงุซ ู†ู‚ุงุท
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:15:02,550 --> 00:15:09,510
563
+ ุชู‚ุงุทุนู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ XYZ coordinate system ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุฃุฎุฐ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:15:09,510 --> 00:15:16,650
567
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ. ุชุฃุฎุฐ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุจุนุฏูŠู† a clear
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:15:16,650 --> 00:15:21,830
571
+ fraction ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‚ุตูˆุฑ a clear. ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุทู„ุน
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:15:21,830 --> 00:15:26,530
575
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุง ุชู‚ุณู…ุŒ ู…ุง ูŠู†ูุนุด. but do not reduce
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:15:26,530 --> 00:15:30,590
579
+ to lowest integer. ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‚ุตูˆุฑ a clearุŒ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:15:30,590 --> 00:15:33,910
583
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ุณุชุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุชุณุนุฉ ู…ุง ุชู‚ุณู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:15:37,890 --> 00:15:41,110
587
+ plains and their negative are identical. ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:15:41,110 --> 00:15:43,450
591
+ ุงู„ู€ negative ุจุชุงุนู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ plain ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:15:43,450 --> 00:15:49,690
595
+ ู…ู…ุชุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช. plains and their multiple are
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:15:49,690 --> 00:15:56,730
599
+ not identical. ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุฅุฐุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุฑุณู…ุช ุฃู†ุง
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:16:11,220 --> 00:16:18,020
603
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุงูŠ XY ุญูƒูŠุช ููŠู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุจูŠู‚ุทุน ุงู„ู€ Y axis ู‡ุงูŠ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:16:18,020 --> 00:16:22,640
607
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ูˆ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:16:22,640 --> 00:16:28,080
611
+ ุถุฑุจุชู‡ ููŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุด ู†ูุณ ู‡ุฐุง
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:16:28,080 --> 00:16:32,560
615
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู„ุฃ ู‡ุฐุง multiple. ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงุถุญุŸ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:16:37,670 --> 00:16:45,230
619
+ for cubic crystals only planes and directions
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:16:45,230 --> 00:16:48,990
623
+ having the same indices are perpendicular to each
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:16:48,990 --> 00:16:55,590
627
+ other. ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ cubic crystals ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:16:55,590 --> 00:17:00,150
631
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ directions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุนุงู…ุฏูŠู†
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:17:00,150 --> 00:17:03,390
635
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ. ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุนุงู…ุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ. ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:17:06,570 --> 00:17:12,850
639
+ ู‡ู†ุญู„ ู…ุซุงู„ ุฏูŠ ุชูŠุฑู…ูŠู† ุฏู‡ Miller indices for the plane
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:17:12,850 --> 00:17:23,750
643
+ shown in the figure. ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฃุจุณุท. ุฃูˆุฌุฏ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:17:23,750 --> 00:17:27,730
647
+ ุงู„ู€ Miller indices ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:17:37,930 --> 00:17:47,990
651
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ X ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Y ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ Z. ุฃูˆู„ุง
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:17:47,990 --> 00:17:54,330
655
+ ููŠ find intercepts
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:17:54,330 --> 00:17:58,850
659
+ ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุน
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:17:58,850 --> 00:18:02,250
663
+ ุงู„ู€ X ูˆY. ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฑุงุณู…ู‡ ูˆูŠู† ู…ุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุน
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:18:02,250 --> 00:18:11,990
667
+ ุงู„ู€ XุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ. ูˆู…ุนู‡ YุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ. ูˆู…ุน ุฒ ุจุนุฏูŠู† find ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:18:11,990 --> 00:18:17,350
671
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:18:17,350 --> 00:18:24,710
675
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ. ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ plain ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:18:24,710 --> 00:18:35,970
679
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ. ุฃูŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ. ุดูˆู ู…ุซุงู„ ุซุงู†ูŠ. ู‡ุฏุฎู„
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:18:35,970 --> 00:18:36,670
683
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:18:52,630 --> 00:19:01,250
687
+ ุงู„ู€ Intercept ูˆูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ XุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ X ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:19:01,250 --> 00:19:07,250
691
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ X ุจูˆุงุญุฏุŸ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุนุด ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ X. ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ู„ู„ู€ X. ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:19:07,250 --> 00:19:13,030
695
+ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠุŸ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ููŠ ู…ุงู„ุงู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ. ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ููŠ ู…ุงู„
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:19:13,030 --> 00:19:22,320
699
+ ุงู„ู„ุงู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ. ูˆูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ YุŸ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ Z. ู…ุนู†ู‰
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:19:22,320 --> 00:19:28,680
703
+ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู† reciprocal ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุดูˆ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:19:28,680 --> 00:19:35,980
707
+ ุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ. ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู€ plane ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:19:35,980 --> 00:19:40,640
711
+ ุตูุฑ. ูู‡ู…ุชูŠ ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ู„ูŠ ู…ุนุงูƒูˆุณุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ู…ุง
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:19:40,640 --> 00:19:46,360
715
+ ุชุดูˆู ุตูุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ. ุทูŠุจ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:19:50,550 --> 00:20:10,410
719
+ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฑุณู…ู†ุง ุฅูŠุงู‡. ูˆูŠู†
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:20:10,410 --> 00:20:12,510
723
+ ุจูŠู‚ุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ XุŸ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:20:17,090 --> 00:20:21,050
727
+ ู…ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ุทุน ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุน ุตูุฑ ู…ุน ู†ุต ู…ุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุน ุนุดุฑ ูˆ ู…ุน
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:20:21,050 --> 00:20:29,370
731
+ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู†. ุจูŠู‚ุทุน ุนู†ูŠุงุท ูˆุงุญุฏ. ุงุฎุชุงุฑ ุนู†ูŠุงุท
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:20:29,370 --> 00:20:36,270
735
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ. ุนู†ูŠุงุท ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎุฐ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:20:36,270 --> 00:20:41,470
739
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุจูŠู…ุฑ ููŠ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช ุจุนู…ู„
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:20:41,470 --> 00:20:45,650
743
+ shift ู„ู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ. ุจุนู…ู„ shift ู„ู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญูƒูŠ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:20:45,650 --> 00:20:53,560
747
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ X ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ Z ู‡ุฐู‡
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:20:53,560 --> 00:21:02,780
751
+ ุงู„ู€ Y ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ X. ุฏุนู†ุง
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:21:02,780 --> 00:21:05,200
755
+ ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ front view
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:21:16,200 --> 00:21:29,820
759
+ ู‡ุดูˆู ุงู„ู€ yz plane ุตุญ ู‡ุงูŠ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:21:29,820 --> 00:21:35,000
763
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ y ู‡ุงูŠ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:21:35,000 --> 00:21:40,800
767
+ ุงู„ู€ z ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:21:45,010 --> 00:21:51,130
771
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ X ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ. ุทูŠุจ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:21:51,130 --> 00:21:58,850
775
+ ุงู„ู€ X ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ. ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู€ intercept ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ X
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:21:58,850 --> 00:22:06,690
779
+ axis ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ XุŸ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ุตุญุŸ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:22:06,690 --> 00:22:11,770
783
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ. ูˆูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุŸ ุฏู‡ ุฃู…ุฏ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:22:17,160 --> 00:22:24,560
787
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุต ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ. ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู†ุชูˆ ุญุชูŠุฌูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:22:24,560 --> 00:22:30,140
791
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงุซู†ูŠู†. ู…ุชู‚ุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ููŠ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:22:30,140 --> 00:22:39,640
795
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆู…ุชู‚ุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ z ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ. ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:22:39,640 --> 00:22:49,470
799
+ ุตูุฑ ูˆู†ุต ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ. ุจุนุฏูŠู† clear fraction ูˆุถุฑูˆู ุงุซู†ูŠู†
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:22:49,470 --> 00:22:58,710
803
+ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุซู†ูŠู†. ุงู„ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุตูุฑ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:22:58,710 --> 00:23:05,790
807
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุณุงู„ุจ. ุงู„ู€ direction ุจุญุทู‡ ููŠ square
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:23:05,790 --> 00:23:09,810
811
+ brackets ุตุญ. ุงู„ู€ plane ุจุญุทู‡ ููŠ ุฃู‚ูˆุงุณ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:23:14,890 --> 00:23:16,870
815
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุด ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ shift ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ุชู‡. ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุนู…ู„
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:23:16,870 --> 00:23:30,570
819
+ shift ุซุงู†ูŠ. ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃุญุท ุงู„ู€ X. ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุนู…ู„ ุดูŠุก ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ. ู‡ุงูŠ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:23:30,570 --> 00:23:42,010
823
+ ุงู„ู€ Y ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ Z ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ X. ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:23:42,010 --> 00:23:42,470
827
+ ุฃุฑุณู…
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:23:53,970 --> 00:24:01,210
831
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ Y ู‡ุงูŠ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:24:01,210 --> 00:24:12,970
835
+ ุงู„ู€ Z ู‡ุงูŠ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:24:12,970 --> 00:24:23,530
839
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ. ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:24:26,670 --> 00:24:33,370
843
+ ู†ุต. ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆู‡ูŠ ูˆู‡ูŠ. ุฏู‡ ูู…ุง ุชู…ุฏู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชู‚ุทุน ุนู„ู‰ Y
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:24:33,370 --> 00:24:45,670
847
+ ููŠ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุธุจุท. ุจุชู‚ุทุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Z ุจู†ุต ู‡ูŠ. ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:24:45,670 --> 00:24:49,890
851
+ ุงู„ู€ intercept ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู†
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:24:49,890 --> 00:24:54,250
855
+ ุจุชู‚ุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ X ูˆู„ุง ู…ุนุฒูˆู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ. ุงู„ู€ X infinity
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:24:56,090 --> 00:25:03,130
859
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ y ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ z ู†ุตู
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:25:03,130 --> 00:25:08,890
863
+ ุงู„ู€ reciprocal ุตูุฑ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:25:08,890 --> 00:25:19,890
867
+ ูˆ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู†ุทู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ู€ plane ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:25:19,890 --> 00:25:21,830
871
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงุญู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุทู„ุนู†ุง
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:25:26,060 --> 00:25:36,700
875
+ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆ ุงุซู†ูŠู†. ู‡ุฏูˆู„
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:25:36,700 --> 00:25:39,280
879
+ ุงู„ู€ two planes are identical ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ planner
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:25:39,280 --> 00:25:45,380
883
+ density. ู‡ุฏู‡ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cubic unit cell. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏู‡ ุตุญ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:25:45,380 --> 00:25:50,280
887
+ ู‡ุฏู‡ ุตุญ ุจุญุณุจ ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุงู„ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฐุชู‡ุง. ู†ุนู…
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:25:55,840 --> 00:26:02,360
891
+ ูˆูŠู† .. ูˆูŠู† ู‡ุชูˆุฏูŠ ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ูŠู† .. ู…ูŠู† ุฃุณู‡ู„ุŸ ู…ูŠู† ุฃุณู‡ู„ุŸ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:26:02,360 --> 00:26:05,040
895
+ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ. ู„ูŠุด ุชุฎ .. ูŠูˆู… ูƒู†ุช ุชุดูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุทูู‰ ู…ุง
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:26:05,040 --> 00:26:11,190
899
+ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุด ู…ุตุทูู‰ ุตุญุŸ ูˆูŠู† ู‡ุชุญุทู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุณุงุณ ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:26:11,190 --> 00:26:14,550
903
+ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจู€ unit cell. ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ shift. ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:26:14,550 --> 00:26:19,010
907
+ shift ู…ุซู„ุง plus or minus ููŠ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ X ุฃูˆ plus or
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:26:19,010 --> 00:26:21,650
911
+ minus ููŠ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ Y ุฃูˆ plus or minus ููŠ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ Z
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:26:21,650 --> 00:26:27,130
915
+ ุฎู„ุงุต ุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฑู offset ุฃูˆ shift ุจุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:26:27,130 --> 00:26:35,290
919
+ construct
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:26:35,290 --> 00:26:36,590
923
+ or sum
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:26:40,860 --> 00:26:46,180
927
+ zero one negative one plane within a cubic unit
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:26:46,180 --> 00:26:54,860
931
+ cell. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุฃู†ุง ุดุงูŠู ุตูุฑ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ X. ุทูŠุจ ุจูŠู‚ุทุน ุงู„ู€
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:26:54,860 --> 00:27:01,540
935
+ X ุงู„ู€ Y ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ. ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ Y ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ู‡ุงูŠ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:27:01,540 --> 00:27:05,640
939
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:27:05,640 --> 00:27:07,560
943
+ ุจูŠู‚ุทุน ุงู„ู€ Z ุงู„ู€ ูˆุงุญุฏ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:27:13,350 --> 00:27:19,170
947
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุท ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:27:19,170 --> 00:27:25,070
951
+ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ู„ู„ุฃูƒุณ. ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุนุชุจุฑู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:27:25,070 --> 00:27:31,410
955
+ ู‡ุฒูˆุท
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:27:31,410 --> 00:27:38,830
959
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูุนู„ุง ุจูŠู‚ุทุน ุงู„ู€ Y ุณุงู„ุจ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠู‚ุทุน ุงู„ู€ Z
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:27:38,830 --> 00:27:41,230
963
+ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ู„ู„ุฃูƒุณ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:27:51,970 --> 00:28:08,810
967
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ hcp ู„ู„ุณูŠู„ ููŠ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:28:08,810 --> 00:28:14,310
971
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ direction a1 ุฃูˆ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ู€ axis a1 ูˆ ุงู„ู€
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:28:14,310 --> 00:28:23,880
975
+ axis a2 ุฃูŠ a1 A2 ูˆ A3 ูˆ Z ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ A1
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:28:23,880 --> 00:28:35,380
979
+ ูˆ A2 ูˆ A3. ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุจูŠู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจูŠู‚ุทุน ุงู„ู€ A1 ููŠ ุฃูŠู†ุŸ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:28:35,380 --> 00:28:42,780
983
+ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ู€
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:28:42,780 --> 00:28:43,180
987
+ A2
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:28:52,880 --> 00:29:00,460
991
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ู€ A3 ู…ุจุชุนูˆุด
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:29:00,460 --> 00:29:05,180
995
+ ู…ุง ู„ู†ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:29:05,180 --> 00:29:11,920
999
+ Z ูˆุงุญุฏ C ูˆุงุญุฏ. ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:29:11,920 --> 00:29:20,620
1003
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุนู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:29:20,620 --> 00:29:38,260
1007
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐุง HCP ุทูŠุจ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:29:38,260 --> 00:29:44,520
1011
+ ุนู†ุฏ two or more planes may belong to the same
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:29:44,520 --> 00:29:51,080
1015
+ family ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฃูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ูุณ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:29:51,080 --> 00:29:55,620
1019
+ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุณุทุญูŠุฉ ู†ูุณ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:29:55,620 --> 00:29:58,180
1023
+ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุณุทุญูŠุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:29:58,180 --> 00:30:02,240
1027
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ููŠู‡ู…
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:30:02,240 --> 00:30:07,820
1031
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุนุดุฑ ุฐุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑ ู…ุฑุจุน ู…ุซู„ุงู‹
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:30:07,820 --> 00:30:11,760
1035
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ plane density
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:30:11,760 --> 00:30:17,270
1039
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ in a cubic system only
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:30:17,270 --> 00:30:22,950
1043
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจุฉ ูู‚ุท planes
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:30:22,950 --> 00:30:27,750
1047
+ having the same indices irrespective of order and
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:30:27,750 --> 00:30:32,070
1051
+ sign are equivalent ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู…
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:30:32,070 --> 00:30:36,610
1055
+ ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ูˆ ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงูŠุด
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:30:36,610 --> 00:30:40,850
1059
+ ู…ุชูˆุงุฒูŠูŠู†
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:30:40,850 --> 00:30:46,890
1063
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนูŠู„ุฉ ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุนูŠู„ุฉ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:30:46,890 --> 00:30:51,490
1067
+ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช that has eight planes ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:30:51,490 --> 00:30:59,450
1071
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:30:59,450 --> 00:31:09,370
1075
+ ุชุดู…ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฃู„ุนุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:31:09,370 --> 00:31:20,460
1079
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:31:20,460 --> 00:31:24,660
1083
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:31:24,660 --> 00:31:34,820
1087
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:31:34,820 --> 00:31:36,680
1091
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:31:39,210 --> 00:31:45,870
1095
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุฃู†ุง
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:31:45,870 --> 00:31:52,470
1099
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:31:52,470 --> 00:31:57,150
1103
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:31:57,150 --> 00:32:06,910
1107
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนูŠู„ุฉ ู†ุนู… ู„ูˆ ุจุฑุณู…ู„ู‡ู… ู…ุด ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:32:08,980 --> 00:32:14,580
1111
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ู…ุชุฌู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:32:14,580 --> 00:32:21,520
1115
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชูˆูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ู„ุงู†ู‡ุงุฆูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ directions ุจุณ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:32:21,520 --> 00:32:27,220
1119
+ ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุด ุจุงุณู… ุงู„ูƒูŠูˆุจุŸ ุฃูŠูˆุฉ ุงู‡ ุจุณ ู„ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:32:27,220 --> 00:32:31,840
1123
+ ุงู„ุณุทุญูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุงู‹
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:32:31,840 --> 00:32:38,220
1127
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒูŠูˆุจูƒ system ูู‚ุท
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:32:48,430 --> 00:32:53,850
1131
+ ููŠ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ plane packing fraction ููŠ ุงู„
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:32:53,850 --> 00:32:57,830
1135
+ plane density ุงู„ plane packing fraction ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:32:57,830 --> 00:33:03,270
1139
+ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูŠู‚ุทุน ุฐุฑุงุช ุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ุง ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ู…ุด ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:33:03,270 --> 00:33:10,850
1143
+ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ู…ุธู„ู„ุฉุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุนูŠู†
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:33:10,850 --> 00:33:18,530
1147
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุน ุนุฏุฉ ุฐุฑุงุช ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ FCC
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:33:18,530 --> 00:33:22,730
1151
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุฌุงูŠุด ุฒู‡ูŠุฌ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:33:46,230 --> 00:33:49,030
1155
+ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฅู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุบูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:33:49,030 --> 00:33:54,990
1159
+ ู…ุดุบูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฅู† ุงู„ plane packing fraction ุงู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:33:54,990 --> 00:34:02,110
1163
+ plane packing fraction ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูƒู…
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:34:02,110 --> 00:34:08,930
1167
+ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุฃุฑุจุน ุฃุฑุจุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:34:08,930 --> 00:34:15,550
1171
+ ูƒู… by R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุตุญุŸ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:34:18,040 --> 00:34:27,740
1175
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุญุชุฉ ุงู„ FCC ู‡ุฐู‡ A
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:34:27,740 --> 00:34:34,440
1179
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ A ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจูŠุณุชูˆูŠ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุฅุฐุง
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:34:34,440 --> 00:34:40,280
1183
+ ูุงูƒุฑ ุฅู†ุช ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ R ูˆุงุซู†ูŠู† R ูˆ R ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:34:40,280 --> 00:34:49,710
1187
+ R ุณุชุงุด ุณุชุงุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ A ุจูŠุณุชูˆูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฌุฐุฑ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:34:49,710 --> 00:34:58,990
1191
+ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ R ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุซู†ูŠู† by R square ุนู„ู‰
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:34:58,990 --> 00:35:08,370
1195
+ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ R square ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† by ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:35:16,560 --> 00:35:22,960
1199
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ plane packing fraction ุชุทู„ุน
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:35:22,960 --> 00:35:26,440
1203
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงู‹
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:35:26,440 --> 00:35:38,780
1207
+ ุนู„ู‰
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:35:38,780 --> 00:35:45,960
1211
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู‡ ุนู„ู‰
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:35:45,960 --> 00:35:50,020
1215
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ crystal
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:35:50,020 --> 00:35:56,000
1219
+ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ FCC ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุณุจ ุงู„ plane density ุงู„
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:35:56,000 --> 00:36:01,180
1223
+ plane density ู‡ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ area of plane
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:36:01,180 --> 00:36:09,860
1227
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู… ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุงุซู†ุชูŠู† ุนู„ู‰
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:36:09,860 --> 00:36:10,740
1231
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:36:25,820 --> 00:36:35,160
1235
+ atom of magnitude ุฃู†ุง ุจุฃุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุญุฌู… ุนู† ุญุฌู… ููŠ ุงู„
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:36:35,160 --> 00:36:38,600
1239
+ ุจุฃุญูƒูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุนู† ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฌู… ุงู„
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:36:38,600 --> 00:36:42,640
1243
+ unit cell ุงู„ linear density ุจุฃุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุนุฏุฏ ุฐุฑุงุช ู„ูƒู„
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:36:42,640 --> 00:36:48,010
1247
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ plane density ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุฐุฑุงุช ู„ูƒู„
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:36:48,010 --> 00:36:52,710
1251
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ packing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ plane packing
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:36:52,710 --> 00:36:59,790
1255
+ fraction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุฐุฑุงุช ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุฃุดูˆู
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:36:59,790 --> 00:37:04,630
1259
+ ู…ุซุงู„ how many atoms per millimeter square are
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:37:04,630 --> 00:37:11,510
1263
+ there on the 100 and 111 plane
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:37:11,510 --> 00:37:14,690
1267
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุญู„ูŠู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ plane density
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:37:18,620 --> 00:37:27,000
1271
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:37:27,000 --> 00:37:31,900
1275
+ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู„ู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅู† ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุจู†ุนูˆุฏ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:37:31,900 --> 00:37:39,860
1279
+ ุนู† ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ R ุจู†ุนุฑู ูƒู… ุฐุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:37:39,860 --> 00:37:40,540
1283
+ ูƒุงู†ุช R
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:37:44,010 --> 00:37:50,150
1287
+ .128 ู†ุงู†ูˆู…ุชุฑ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:37:50,150 --> 00:37:58,730
1291
+ ุงู„ plane of density ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ point
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:37:58,730 --> 00:38:05,650
1295
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุชุณุนุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:38:05,650 --> 00:38:06,770
1299
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ ู„ูŠู‡ุง
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:38:45,570 --> 00:38:50,470
1303
+ ุงู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนุดุฑ ุฐุฑุฉ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:38:50,470 --> 00:38:57,110
1307
+ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ุฑุจุน ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ุฑุจุน ู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญูƒูŠ ู„ูƒู„
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:38:57,110 --> 00:39:04,970
1311
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ ู…ุฑุจุน ุงุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ุณุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:39:04,970 --> 00:39:13,750
1315
+ ุณุจุนุฉ point ุณุชุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ุงุซู†ุง ุนุดุฑ atom ู„ูƒู„ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:39:13,750 --> 00:39:14,930
1319
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:39:21,350 --> 00:39:29,470
1323
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฏู ู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ 110 ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ 111 ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุตูˆู…ุฉ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:39:29,470 --> 00:39:39,550
1327
+ ุจุฑุง ููŠ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:39:39,550 --> 00:39:40,970
1331
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ 111
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:40:17,900 --> 00:40:25,920
1335
+ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ุงุถุบุท ูˆ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:40:25,920 --> 00:40:32,360
1339
+ ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ูˆุฌู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู‡ุงูŠ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:40:32,360 --> 00:40:36,340
1343
+ ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุขู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎุฐ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ 1 1 1
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:40:36,340 --> 00:40:41,140
1347
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ X ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ Y ุจูˆุงุญุฏ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:40:55,180 --> 00:41:01,240
1351
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุด ุฃุทุฑุงู faces
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:41:01,240 --> 00:41:04,960
1355
+ half water face ูˆ half water face ูˆ half water
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:41:04,960 --> 00:41:08,260
1359
+ face ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุฃุทู„ุนู‡ ุจุฑุง
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:41:08,260 --> 00:41:15,620
1363
+ ุงู„ face ู‡ุฐู‡ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุฐุฑุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ุตุญ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ ูˆู‡ู†ุง
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:41:15,620 --> 00:41:19,140
1367
+ ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ ุตุญ ู‡ุฃุทู„ุนู‡ ุจุฑุง
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:41:25,110 --> 00:41:38,530
1371
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุซู„ุซ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฃุถู„ุงุน ุทูˆู„ ุถู„ุนู‡ ุงุซู†ูŠู† AุŸ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:41:38,530 --> 00:41:43,550
1375
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ ุธู‡ุฑ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ face ููŠู‡
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:41:43,550 --> 00:41:43,930
1379
+ ุฐุฑุฉ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:42:23,770 --> 00:42:30,730
1383
+ ุฎุฐูˆุง ุงู„ touching ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุง ุงุฌู‡ุฏุด ู…ุนุงูŠุง ูˆุฑุง ุตุฑุงุญุฉ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:42:30,730 --> 00:42:37,270
1387
+ ูƒู…
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:42:37,270 --> 00:42:43,210
1391
+ ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ plane density ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุญุณุจ ุฃูˆู„ุงู‹ ุงู„
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:42:43,210 --> 00:42:47,110
1395
+ plane packing
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:42:47,110 --> 00:42:51,090
1399
+ fraction ูƒู… ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:42:54,410 --> 00:43:02,110
1403
+ ู†ุตู .. ู†ุตู .. ู†ุตู .. ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู†ุตู ูƒู… ุณุฏุณ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุณุฏุณ ูˆ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:43:02,110 --> 00:43:06,790
1407
+ ุณุฏุณ ูˆ ุณุฏุณ ุซุงู„ุซ ุฃุณุฏุงุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุตู ุฒุงุฆุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู†ุตู ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:43:06,790 --> 00:43:16,590
1411
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ by R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซ ุฏู‡
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:43:16,590 --> 00:43:17,890
1415
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุตู
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:43:21,380 --> 00:43:31,740
1419
+ ุฌุฐุฑ ุงุซู†ูŠู† A ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุงู„ minus ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุตุญุŸ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:43:31,740 --> 00:43:37,980
1423
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู†
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:43:37,980 --> 00:43:51,780
1427
+ by R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุชุญุช ู†ุตู ููŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† A ุชุฑุจูŠุนุŸSin ุณุชูŠู† ู‡ูˆ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:43:51,780 --> 00:43:58,000
1431
+ ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุตุญุŸ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:43:58,000 --> 00:44:14,880
1435
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ุน ู†ุตู ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ by R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนู„ู‰
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:44:14,880 --> 00:44:21,000
1439
+ ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ FCH ูˆุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉุŸ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:44:21,000 --> 00:44:27,780
1443
+ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฑ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุตุญุŸ ููŠ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฑ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:44:27,780 --> 00:44:32,900
1447
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุญูŠุฑูˆุญ ุงุฑ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู…ุน ุงุฑ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ุน ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:44:32,900 --> 00:44:43,440
1451
+ ุจุตู ุจุงูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฌุฐุฑ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:45:17,430 --> 00:45:19,150
1455
+ ุฃู†ุช ุชุฎู„ุทุด ู…ุน ุงู„ volume
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:45:27,940 --> 00:45:33,020
1459
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ plane packing fraction ุงู„ plane density
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:45:33,020 --> 00:45:37,240
1463
+ ูƒู…
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:45:37,240 --> 00:45:45,580
1467
+ ุฐุฑุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:45:45,580 --> 00:45:54,300
1471
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุตุญ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:45:54,300 --> 00:46:03,350
1475
+ ู†ุตู ุงุซู†ูŠู† A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:46:03,350 --> 00:46:11,390
1479
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณูˆุงุก ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:46:11,390 --> 00:46:19,450
1483
+ ู„ูˆ ุฏู‡ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุฏู„ุชุง ุงุฑ ููŠ ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฑ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงุชุจุงุฑุฉ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:46:19,450 --> 00:46:22,070
1487
+ ู†ุญุงุณ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:46:23,700 --> 00:46:29,060
1491
+ ุงู„ู†ุตู ู‚ุทุฑ ุฐุฑุฉ point one two eight nanometer ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:46:29,060 --> 00:46:40,180
1495
+ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ FCC ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฐุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ููŠ ุงูŠ ุงู†ูุณูŠุฑ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:46:40,180 --> 00:46:43,340
1499
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:46:43,340 --> 00:46:51,350
1503
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ R ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ point ูˆุงุญุฏ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:46:51,350 --> 00:46:58,090
1507
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑ ูˆุงุตู„ุงู‚ุณ ุชุณุนุฉ ู‡ูƒู…ุชุฑ ููŠ ูƒู„
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:46:58,090 --> 00:47:01,710
1511
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„ู€
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:47:01,710 --> 00:47:02,490
1515
+ R ูƒุงู… ุชุทู„ุนุŸ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:47:14,320 --> 00:47:16,300
1519
+ ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุฑุฏุช ูƒุงู† ูƒู… ุงู„ูƒุซุฑุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ูˆุฑุฏุช
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:47:16,300 --> 00:47:23,700
1523
+ ุณุจุนุฉ point ุณุชุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑ ุฃุณ ุชู„ุชุงุดุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ atom ู„ูƒู„
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:47:23,700 --> 00:47:32,400
1527
+ millimeter ู…ุฑุจุน ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู… ุชุทู„ุน ุฃูŠูˆุฉ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:47:32,400 --> 00:47:36,540
1531
+ ุณุชุฉ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:47:36,540 --> 00:47:39,800
1535
+ ุงุชู…
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:47:41,730 --> 00:47:46,090
1539
+ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ุฑุจุน ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃุชู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ุฑุจุน ุชุญุช ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:47:46,090 --> 00:47:52,870
1543
+ point ุณุจุนุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ ุนุดุฑ ุฃุณ ุชู„ุชุงุดุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:47:52,870 --> 00:48:02,910
1547
+ ูƒุซุงูุฉ ู‡ูˆ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:48:02,910 --> 00:48:08,610
1551
+ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ุจุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู‚ุณู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:48:16,710 --> 00:48:26,330
1555
+ ุฃุฎุฐ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:48:26,330 --> 00:48:32,910
1559
+ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ .. ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุจุนุชุงุดุฑ .. ุณุจุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ point ุณุชุฉ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:48:32,910 --> 00:48:41,820
1563
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจุนุฉ point ุณุชุฉ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุดูŠูุชู‚ูŠู… ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:48:41,820 --> 00:48:46,440
1567
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ 1 1 1 ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุถุนู ูƒุซุงูุฉ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:48:46,440 --> 00:48:52,940
1571
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ 1 1 0 ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ 1 0 0 ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:48:52,940 --> 00:48:57,240
1575
+ Plastic deformation ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ 1 1 1 ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:48:57,240 --> 00:49:01,940
1579
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ slip ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ุฒู„ุงุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุณู‡ู„
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:49:09,160 --> 00:49:16,240
1583
+ ุขู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูุงุตู„ุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:49:16,240 --> 00:49:19,160
1587
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุฑุดุญ ุฃู† ุณูŠู† ุงู„ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุชู‡ ุฃุนู„ู‰
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:49:19,160 --> 00:49:27,820
1591
+ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:49:27,820 --> 00:49:32,220
1595
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ุตูุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ..
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:49:32,220 --> 00:49:36,790
1599
+ ู„ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ plastic
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:49:36,790 --> 00:49:39,730
1603
+ deformation ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุณูŠ ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:49:39,730 --> 00:49:44,010
1607
+ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุช start with ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุซุงู†ูŠ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:49:44,010 --> 00:49:48,870
1611
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูƒู„
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:49:48,870 --> 00:49:52,070
1615
+ ู…ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ู†ุณูˆูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุฃุณู‡ู„
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:49:52,070 --> 00:49:59,390
1619
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุชุญูƒู… ุจุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:49:59,390 --> 00:50:08,410
1623
+ ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุนูŠู‚ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจุนูŠู‚ ุฃูˆ ุจุณู‡ู„ู‡ุง ุจุนูŠู‚ ุฃูˆ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:50:08,410 --> 00:50:12,210
1627
+ ุจุณู‡ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุฒู„ุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุนูŠู‚ ุฃูˆ ุจุณู‡ู„ู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู€
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:50:12,210 --> 00:50:17,370
1631
+ course ูƒู„ู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฎู„ุตุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุฃุนุทูŠูƒู…
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:50:17,370 --> 00:50:17,630
1635
+ ุงู„ุนููˆ
PL9fwy3NUQKwbBCceOozNtoSQCtYlAhMQo/oleGU4RU89Y_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1636 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:05,130 --> 00:00:08,110
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆ ุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:08,110 --> 00:00:12,830
7
+ ุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏูŠู†ุง ุจ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:12,830 --> 00:00:17,050
11
+ chapter ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ crystal structure ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:17,050 --> 00:00:21,450
15
+ ุงู„ crystal structure ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ FCC ุงู„ FCC ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:21,450 --> 00:00:25,930
19
+ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ูƒู„ corner ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุถุฑุฑ ุน ูƒู„ face
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:25,930 --> 00:00:29,830
23
+ ููŠู‡ ุถุฑุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ atoms ููŠ ุงู„ units ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:29,830 --> 00:00:35,770
27
+ atoms ุงู„ coordination number ุงุชู†ุงุด ุงู„ ุงู„ atomic
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:35,770 --> 00:00:42,300
31
+ packing factor bond ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู„ BCC
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:42,300 --> 00:00:45,300
35
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุถุฑุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ูˆ ููŠ ุถุฑุฑ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:45,300 --> 00:00:49,960
39
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ุนุฏุฏ ุถุฑุฑุงุช ู„ูƒู„ unit cell ู‡ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:49,960 --> 00:00:52,580
43
+ coordination number ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ atomic packing
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:52,580 --> 00:00:59,940
47
+ factor 4.6 ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ HCPICP ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:59,940 --> 00:01:05,360
51
+ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ unit cell ุน ุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุณุฏุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:05,360 --> 00:01:08,740
55
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุถุฑุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ู…ู† ุงู„ 12 corner
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:08,740 --> 00:01:12,160
59
+ ููŠ ุถุฑุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุงุณ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ูˆ ุถุฑุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุงุณ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:12,160 --> 00:01:17,980
63
+ ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ูˆ ููŠ ุชู„ุช ุถุฑุนุงุช ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ C ุนู„ู‰ A ratio 1
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:17,980 --> 00:01:23,260
67
+ .633 ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ุถุฑุนุงุช ู„ูƒู„ unit cell 6 ุงู„
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:23,260 --> 00:01:25,220
71
+ atomic packing factor 0.74
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:28,220 --> 00:01:30,480
75
+ ุดูˆูู†ุง ูƒูŠู ู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ density ุงู„ density ู‡ูˆ number of
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:30,480 --> 00:01:32,800
79
+ atoms per unit cell ููŠ ุงู„ atomic mass ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:32,800 --> 00:01:35,480
83
+ volume of unit cell ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ Avogadro ุญู„ูŠู†ุง
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:35,480 --> 00:01:41,620
87
+ examples ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ polymorphism polymorphism
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:41,620 --> 00:01:44,500
91
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ material ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:44,500 --> 00:01:49,820
95
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† BCC ุนู†ุฏ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุงุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:49,820 --> 00:01:52,140
99
+ 912 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ FCC
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:55,240 --> 00:01:59,880
103
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชุนุฑู ุฌูˆุง how to define points ุงู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:59,880 --> 00:02:03,240
107
+ ู†ุธุงู… ุงุญุฏุงุซูŠุฉ ุชู„ุงุชูŠ ุงู„ุฃุจุนุงุฏ XYZ right hand
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:03,240 --> 00:02:08,900
111
+ coordinate system ุดูˆูู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู† ู†ู‚ุงุท ูƒูŠู ู†ุนุฑู
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:08,900 --> 00:02:15,520
115
+ ุงู„ directions ููŠ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:15,520 --> 00:02:18,500
119
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ HCP ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ three axis system ูˆ four
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:18,500 --> 00:02:22,420
123
+ axis system ูˆุดูˆูู†ุง ุงู„ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ three axis ู„ู„
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:22,420 --> 00:02:28,460
127
+ four axis systemุญู„ู†ุง examples ู„ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:28,460 --> 00:02:33,380
131
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ linear density ุนุดุงู† ู‡ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:33,380 --> 00:02:38,120
135
+ repeat distance ุงู„ repeat distance ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู†
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:38,120 --> 00:02:46,660
139
+ two lattice points ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:46,660 --> 00:02:51,220
143
+ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุจูŠู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุนู„ู‰
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:51,220 --> 00:02:55,170
147
+ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ repeat distanceุทุจุนุง ุงู„ repeat
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:55,170 --> 00:02:58,350
151
+ distance ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุชุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† direction ู„
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:58,350 --> 00:03:01,910
155
+ direction ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ direction ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:01,910 --> 00:03:10,590
159
+ repeat distance ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ BCC ุจุชุฌุงู‡
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:10,590 --> 00:03:11,950
163
+ ุงู„ one one one direction
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:52,230 --> 00:04:06,510
167
+ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชูŠ ุงู„ PCC ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุถุฑุน ูƒู„ corner ูˆ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:06,510 --> 00:04:17,550
171
+ ุถุฑุน ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ุงู„ direction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ one one one
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:17,550 --> 00:04:20,050
175
+ one ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ direction
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:27,720 --> 00:04:34,820
179
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ direction ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู†
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:34,820 --> 00:04:41,540
183
+ ุถุฑุฑ ุตุญุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ repeat
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:41,540 --> 00:04:46,780
187
+ distance ููŠ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:46,780 --> 00:04:53,200
191
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ direction ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒุŸ ุงู‡ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:53,200 --> 00:04:56,220
195
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ุณู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ููŠู‡ ุถุฑุฑ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:59,530 --> 00:05:04,830
199
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆ ุฌูˆุง ู‚ู„ู…ูƒ ููŠู‡ ุถุฑุฑ ุงู„ุงู† start ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:04,830 --> 00:05:09,150
203
+ direction ููŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชูƒุฑุฑ ู„ู…ุง ู„ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:09,150 --> 00:05:12,790
207
+ ุงู„ุทูˆู„
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:12,790 --> 00:05:21,530
211
+ ุชุงุนู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุทูˆู„ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุงูƒู…
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:21,530 --> 00:05:28,500
215
+ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุญ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ to repeat distanceู„ู„
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:28,500 --> 00:05:35,260
219
+ direction ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:35,260 --> 00:05:46,460
223
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ lattice parameter ุตุญ ุงู„ a ู„ูˆ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:46,460 --> 00:05:51,440
227
+ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ one one zero direction ุงู„ one one zero
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:51,440 --> 00:05:51,860
231
+ direction
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:58,780 --> 00:06:06,740
235
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญ ู‡ุฐุง
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:06,740 --> 00:06:13,680
239
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ zero direction ู„ุฃู†
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:13,680 --> 00:06:20,760
243
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุถุฑุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ุงูŠ ุถุฑุฑ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงุฐุง ุฏู„ุช ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:20,760 --> 00:06:26,530
247
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุตุญ repeat this sentenceููŠ ุงู„
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:26,530 --> 00:06:34,730
251
+ direction 110 ู„ BCC ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:34,730 --> 00:06:40,350
255
+ A ุทูŠุจ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:40,350 --> 00:06:48,130
259
+ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ BCC ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ FCC ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:48,130 --> 00:06:54,170
263
+ direction ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุถุฑุน ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ ุฏู‡ ุตุญุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:54,170 --> 00:07:01,560
267
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ BCCrepeat distance ุนู„ู‰
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:07:01,560 --> 00:07:10,120
271
+ ุงู„ direction 110 ู„ FCC ุฌุฏุฑ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:07:10,120 --> 00:07:24,200
275
+ ุงู„ุฃุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ 2A ู„ุฃู†
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:07:24,200 --> 00:07:30,590
279
+ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ู„ูƒู„
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:07:30,590 --> 00:07:36,030
283
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุทูˆู„ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠู† ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:07:36,030 --> 00:07:42,170
287
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุทูˆู„ along direction ู…ุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:07:42,170 --> 00:07:44,630
291
+ ู…ุนูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ linearity ู‡ูŠ number of centers on
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:44,630 --> 00:07:47,610
295
+ direction vector ุนู„ู‰ length of direction vector
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:52,670 --> 00:07:55,410
299
+ ุงู„ุงู† if a direction equivalent ู„ other direction,
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:55,510 --> 00:07:58,570
303
+ all directions have identical linear density ูŠุนู†ูŠ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:58,570 --> 00:08:01,450
307
+ ุงู„ direction ุจูŠูƒูˆู† equivalent ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎุตุต
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:08:01,450 --> 00:08:05,310
311
+ ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ linear
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:08:05,310 --> 00:08:09,090
315
+ density ุงู„ linear density ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:08:09,090 --> 00:08:14,050
319
+ repeat distance ุดูˆู
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:08:14,050 --> 00:08:25,350
323
+ ู…ุซุงู„ find linear density along ุงู† ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง1 1 0 for
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:08:25,350 --> 00:08:34,210
327
+ FCC and BCC ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง long ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:08:34,210 --> 00:08:39,070
331
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:39,070 --> 00:08:44,430
335
+ ู‡ูŠ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:08:44,430 --> 00:08:44,950
339
+ ุงู„ BCC
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:53,250 --> 00:09:03,490
343
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ X ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Y ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Z ุตุญ ุงู„
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:09:03,490 --> 00:09:14,110
347
+ one one zero direction ู‡ุฐุง
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:09:14,110 --> 00:09:22,150
351
+ ุตุญ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ ุงู„
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:09:22,150 --> 00:09:22,770
355
+ linear density
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:09:27,270 --> 00:09:30,450
359
+ ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ number of atoms centered along direction
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:09:30,450 --> 00:09:38,950
363
+ number of atoms ุนู„ู‰
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:09:38,950 --> 00:09:45,030
367
+ ุงู„ length number
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:09:45,030 --> 00:09:50,570
371
+ of atoms ุนู†ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ BCC ู‡ูŠู†ุจุฏุฃุช ูƒู… ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆู„ุง
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:09:50,570 --> 00:09:53,090
375
+ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:09:54,990 --> 00:09:59,170
379
+ ู„ู…ุง ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุท ุงู„ุงุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู†ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุนุฏ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:09:59,170 --> 00:10:06,070
383
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ุตูุฑ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ start point ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:10:06,070 --> 00:10:14,570
387
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ length ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:10:14,570 --> 00:10:19,670
391
+ ุจูŠุณุชูˆุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ repeat distance ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ repeat
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:10:19,670 --> 00:10:24,130
395
+ distance ู…ุด ุจูŠุณุชูˆูŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:10:26,940 --> 00:10:35,840
399
+ BCC ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ FCC ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ direction ุนู†ุฏ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:10:35,840 --> 00:10:47,540
403
+ ุนู†ุฏ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:10:47,540 --> 00:10:56,910
407
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุฐุฑุงุช ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ู‡ูƒูˆู†
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:10:56,910 --> 00:11:03,110
411
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ length ุงู„ู„ูŠ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:11:03,110 --> 00:11:09,670
415
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุงุด ุฌุฒุฑ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:11:09,670 --> 00:11:18,510
419
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠู‡
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:11:18,510 --> 00:11:20,330
423
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:11:26,760 --> 00:11:39,520
427
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุฃ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:11:39,520 --> 00:11:49,280
431
+ ุงู„ length ุงู„ length ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:11:49,280 --> 00:11:51,700
435
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ repeat distance
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:11:56,270 --> 00:12:00,470
439
+ ู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุฎุฏุช ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:12:00,470 --> 00:12:04,170
443
+ ุฌุฒุฑ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:12:04,170 --> 00:12:10,470
447
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุณุงูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:12:10,470 --> 00:12:19,090
451
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ linear density ู‡ุชุญูƒูŠู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ atom
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:12:19,090 --> 00:12:23,150
455
+ ู„ูƒู„
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:12:23,150 --> 00:12:23,770
459
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุทูˆู„
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:12:38,980 --> 00:12:45,860
463
+ ุทูŠุจ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ุซุงุจุช ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ุงู†ุช ู…ูŠู† .. ู…ูŠู† ุงุนู„ู‰ุŸ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:12:45,860 --> 00:12:48,320
467
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ index ููŠ ุงู„ BCC ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ directionุŸ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:12:48,320 --> 00:12:53,360
471
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุฏ ุฃูƒู…ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู† ู‡ุฏ ุถุนู
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:12:53,360 --> 00:13:00,590
475
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ BCC ู‡ุฒ ุณูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏููŠ ุงู„ FCC
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:13:00,590 --> 00:13:04,330
479
+ ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ FCC
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:13:04,330 --> 00:13:11,410
483
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุนู„ู‰ ุงุฐุง
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:13:11,410 --> 00:13:16,030
487
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ repeat distance ุตุญูŠุญ ุตุญูŠุญ ุงุฐุง ุงุดุชุบู„ุช
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:13:16,030 --> 00:13:24,090
491
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจุฏูƒ ุงูŠุด ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุทูŠุจ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:13:35,600 --> 00:13:37,720
495
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุชุŒ ุงุญู†ุง so far ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:13:37,720 --> 00:13:42,200
499
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุทุŒ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ directionsุŒ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:13:42,200 --> 00:13:48,280
503
+ crystallographic planes ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:13:50,890 --> 00:13:56,590
507
+ ู…ุนุจูŠุฉ ุถุฑุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ูˆ ุชุตุฑู
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:13:56,590 --> 00:14:02,950
511
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:14:02,950 --> 00:14:06,030
515
+ ููŠู‡ุง deformation due to slip mechanism slip
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:14:06,030 --> 00:14:10,510
519
+ mechanism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุจุบุถ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:14:10,510 --> 00:14:15,510
523
+ ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ loading ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู…ุซู„ุง axle ุงูˆ bending ุงูˆ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:14:15,510 --> 00:14:18,570
527
+ torsion ุงูˆ ุงูŠ combination ุจูŠู† ุงู„ loading
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:14:18,570 --> 00:14:23,080
531
+ conditions ู‡ุฐู‡ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‘ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:14:23,080 --> 00:14:27,700
535
+ ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠู† ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุณู„
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:14:27,700 --> 00:14:32,540
539
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุฏุฑู‘ุงุช ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:14:32,540 --> 00:14:35,300
543
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:14:35,300 --> 00:14:41,560
547
+ slip ุฃูˆ ุงู„ deformation ููŠ along ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ most
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:14:41,560 --> 00:14:46,300
551
+ closed packed plains ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:14:46,300 --> 00:14:55,490
555
+ ูƒุซุงูุฉ alongุงู„ู€ most dense directions ุนุดุงู†
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:14:55,490 --> 00:15:02,550
559
+ ุงุชุนุฑู ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุชู„ุช ู†ู‚ุงุท ูŠุฌุจ ุชูˆุฌูŠู‡ ุชู„ุช ู†ู‚ุงุท
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:15:02,550 --> 00:15:09,510
563
+ ุชู‚ุงุทุนู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ XYZ coordinate system ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุงุฎุฏ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:15:09,510 --> 00:15:16,650
567
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุจุนุฏูŠู† a clear
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:15:16,650 --> 00:15:21,830
571
+ fraction ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‚ุตูˆุฑ a clear ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุทู„ุน
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:15:21,830 --> 00:15:26,530
575
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุง ุชู‚ุณู… ู…ุงู†ูุนุด but do not reduce
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:15:26,530 --> 00:15:30,590
579
+ to lowest integer ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‚ุตูˆุฑ a clear ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:15:30,590 --> 00:15:33,910
583
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชุณุนุฉ ู…ุง ุชู‚ุณู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:15:37,890 --> 00:15:41,110
587
+ plains and their negative are identical ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:15:41,110 --> 00:15:43,450
591
+ ุงู„ negative ุจุชุงุนู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ plain ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:15:43,450 --> 00:15:49,690
595
+ ู…ู…ุชุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช plains and their multiple are
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:15:49,690 --> 00:15:56,730
599
+ not identical ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุฉ ุงุฐุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุฑุณู…ุช ุงู†ุง
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:16:11,220 --> 00:16:18,020
603
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุงูŠ XY ุญูƒูŠุช ููŠู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุจู‚ุทุน ุงู„ Y axis ู‡ุงูŠ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:16:18,020 --> 00:16:22,640
607
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ูˆ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:16:22,640 --> 00:16:28,080
611
+ ุถุฑุจุชู‡ ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุด ู†ูุณ ู‡ุฐุง
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:16:28,080 --> 00:16:32,560
615
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู„ุฃ ู‡ุฐุง multiple ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงุถุญุŸ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:16:37,670 --> 00:16:45,230
619
+ for cubic crystals only planes and directions
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:16:45,230 --> 00:16:48,990
623
+ having the same indices are perpendicular to each
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:16:48,990 --> 00:16:55,590
627
+ other ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ cubic crystals ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:16:55,590 --> 00:17:00,150
631
+ ูˆุงู„ directions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุนู…ุฏูŠู†
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:17:00,150 --> 00:17:03,390
635
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุนู…ุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:17:06,570 --> 00:17:12,850
639
+ ู‡ู†ุญู„ ู…ุซุงู„ ุฏูŠ ุชูŠุฑู…ูŠู† ุฏู‡ ู…ูŠู„ุฑ ุงู†ุฏุณูŠุฒ for the plane
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:17:12,850 --> 00:17:23,750
643
+ shown in the figure ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฃุจุณุท ุงูˆุฌุฏ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:17:23,750 --> 00:17:27,730
647
+ ุงู„ ู…ูŠู„ุฑ ุงู†ุฏุณูŠุฒ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:17:37,930 --> 00:17:47,990
651
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ X ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Y ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Z ุงูˆู„ุง
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:17:47,990 --> 00:17:54,330
655
+ ููŠ find intercepts
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:17:54,330 --> 00:17:58,850
659
+ ุงูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุน
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:17:58,850 --> 00:18:02,250
663
+ ุงู„ X ูˆY ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุฑุงุณู…ู‡ ูˆูŠู† ู…ุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุน
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:18:02,250 --> 00:18:11,990
667
+ ุงู„ XุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู…ุนู‡ YุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏู…ุน ุฒ ุจุนุฏูŠู† find ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:18:11,990 --> 00:18:17,350
671
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:18:17,350 --> 00:18:24,710
675
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ plain ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุณุงูˆู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:18:24,710 --> 00:18:35,970
679
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุดูˆู ู…ุซุงู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏุงุฎู„
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:18:35,970 --> 00:18:36,670
683
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:18:52,630 --> 00:19:01,250
687
+ ุงู„ู€ Intercept ูˆูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ XุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ X ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:19:01,250 --> 00:19:07,250
691
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ X ุจูˆุงุญุฏุŸ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุนุด ู…ุน ุงู„ X ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ู„ู„ X ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:19:07,250 --> 00:19:13,030
695
+ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠุŸ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ููŠ ู…ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ููŠ ู…ู‡ู„
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:19:13,030 --> 00:19:22,320
699
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูˆูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ YุŸ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ Zู…ุนู†ู‰
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:19:22,320 --> 00:19:28,680
703
+ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู† reciprocal ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุดูˆ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:19:28,680 --> 00:19:35,980
707
+ ุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ plane ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:19:35,980 --> 00:19:40,640
711
+ ุตูุฑ ูู‡ู…ุชูŠ ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ู„ูŠ ู…ุนุงูƒูˆุณุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ู…ุง
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:19:40,640 --> 00:19:46,360
715
+ ุชุดูˆู ุตูุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ุทูŠุจ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:19:50,550 --> 00:20:10,410
719
+ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฑุณู…ู†ุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ ูˆูŠู†
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:20:10,410 --> 00:20:12,510
723
+ ุจุชู‚ุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ XุŸ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:20:17,090 --> 00:20:21,050
727
+ ู…ูˆ ุจุชู‚ุทุน ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุน ุณูุฑ ู…ุน ู†ุต ู…ุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุน ุนุดุฑ ูˆ ู…ุน
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:20:21,050 --> 00:20:29,370
731
+ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุจุชู‚ุทุน ุนู†ูŠุงุท ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุฎุชุงุฑ ุนู†ูŠุงุท
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:20:29,370 --> 00:20:36,270
735
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ูŠุงุท ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎุฏ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:20:36,270 --> 00:20:41,470
739
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุจูŠู…ุฑ ููŠ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช ุจุนู…ู„
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:20:41,470 --> 00:20:45,650
743
+ shift ู„ู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุจุนู…ู„ shift ู„ู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญูƒูŠ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:20:45,650 --> 00:20:53,560
747
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ Xู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ Z ู‡ุฐู‡
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:20:53,560 --> 00:21:02,780
751
+ ุงู„ Y ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ X ุฏุนู†ุง
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:21:02,780 --> 00:21:05,200
755
+ ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ front view
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:21:16,200 --> 00:21:29,820
759
+ ู‡ุดูˆู ุงู„ yz plane ุตุญ ู‡ุงูŠ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:21:29,820 --> 00:21:35,000
763
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ y ู‡ุงูŠ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:21:35,000 --> 00:21:40,800
767
+ ุงู„ z ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุนูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:21:45,010 --> 00:21:51,130
771
+ ูˆ ุงู„ X ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุทูŠุจ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:21:51,130 --> 00:21:58,850
775
+ ุงู„ X ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ intercept ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ X
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:21:58,850 --> 00:22:06,690
779
+ axis ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ XุŸ ูˆุฒูŠุฑูŠ ุตุญุŸ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:22:06,690 --> 00:22:11,770
783
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูˆูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุŸ ุฏู‡ ุฃู…ุฏ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:22:17,160 --> 00:22:24,560
787
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุต ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุญุชูŠุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:22:24,560 --> 00:22:30,140
791
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุชู‚ุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ููŠ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:22:30,140 --> 00:22:39,640
795
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆู…ุชู‚ุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ z ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:22:39,640 --> 00:22:49,470
799
+ ุตูุฑ ูˆู†ุตุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุฏูŠู† clear fraction ูˆุถุฑูˆู ุงุชู†ูŠู†
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:22:49,470 --> 00:22:58,710
803
+ ุณูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุณูุฑ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:22:58,710 --> 00:23:05,790
807
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุงู„ direction ุจุญุทู‡ ููŠ square
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:23:05,790 --> 00:23:09,810
811
+ brackets ุตุญ ุงู„ plane ุจุญุทู‡ ููŠ ุงูƒูˆุงุณ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:23:14,890 --> 00:23:16,870
815
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุด ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุงุนู…ู„ shift ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ุชู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุนู…ู„
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:23:16,870 --> 00:23:30,570
819
+ shift ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุญุท ุงู„ X ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุนู…ู„ ุดูŠ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุงูŠ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:23:30,570 --> 00:23:42,010
823
+ ุงู„ Y ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ Z ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ X ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:23:42,010 --> 00:23:42,470
827
+ ุงุฑุณู…
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:23:53,970 --> 00:24:01,210
831
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ Y ู‡ุงูŠ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:24:01,210 --> 00:24:12,970
835
+ ุงู„ Z ู‡ุงูŠ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:24:12,970 --> 00:24:23,530
839
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฒูŠูƒูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:24:26,670 --> 00:24:33,370
843
+ ู†ุต ู‡ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ูˆ ู‡ู‰ ูˆ ู‡ู‰ ุฏู‡ ูู…ุง ุชู…ุฏู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชู‚ุทุน ุนู„ู‰ Y
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:24:33,370 --> 00:24:45,670
847
+ ููŠ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุธุจุท ุจุชู‚ุทุน ููŠ ุงู„ Z ุจู†ุต ู‡ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:24:45,670 --> 00:24:49,890
851
+ ุงู„ intercept ู‡ูƒูˆู†
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:24:49,890 --> 00:24:54,250
855
+ ุจุชู‚ุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ X ูˆู„ุง ู…ุนุฒู„ู‡ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ X infinity
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:24:56,090 --> 00:25:03,130
859
+ ูˆ ุงู„ y ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ z ู†ุตู
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:25:03,130 --> 00:25:08,890
863
+ ุงู„ reciprocal ุตูุฑ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:25:08,890 --> 00:25:19,890
867
+ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู†ุทู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ plane ุณูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:25:19,890 --> 00:25:21,830
871
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงุญู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุทู„ุนู†ุง
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:25:26,060 --> 00:25:36,700
875
+ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:25:36,700 --> 00:25:39,280
879
+ ุงู„ two planes are identical ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ planner
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:25:39,280 --> 00:25:45,380
883
+ density ู‡ุฏู‡ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ cubic unit cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏู‡ ุตุญ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:25:45,380 --> 00:25:50,280
887
+ ู‡ุฏู‡ ุตุญ ุจุญุณุจ ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุงู„ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ุง ู†ุนู…
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:25:55,840 --> 00:26:02,360
891
+ ูˆูŠู† .. ูˆูŠู† ู‡ุชูˆุฏูŠ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ูŠู† .. ู…ูŠู† ุฃุณู‡ู„ุŸ ู…ูŠู† ุฃุณู‡ู„ุŸ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:26:02,360 --> 00:26:05,040
895
+ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑุŒ ู„ูŠุด ุชุฎ .. ูŠูˆู… ูƒู†ุช ุชุดูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุทูู‰ ู…ุง
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:26:05,040 --> 00:26:11,190
899
+ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุด ู…ุตุทูู‰ ุตุญุŸูˆูŠู† ู‡ุชุญุทู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:26:11,190 --> 00:26:14,550
903
+ ุงู†ุง ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจ unit cell ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนู…ู„ shift ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนู…ู„
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:26:14,550 --> 00:26:19,010
907
+ shift ู…ุซู„ุง plus or minus ููŠ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X ุงูˆ plus or
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:26:19,010 --> 00:26:21,650
911
+ minus ููŠ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Y ุงูˆ plus or minus ููŠ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Z
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:26:21,650 --> 00:26:27,130
915
+ ุฎู„ุงุต ุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฑู offset ุงูˆ shift ุจุฃุฑู‚ุงุจ ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:26:27,130 --> 00:26:35,290
919
+ construct
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:26:35,290 --> 00:26:36,590
923
+ or sum
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:26:40,860 --> 00:26:46,180
927
+ zero one negative one plane within a cubic unit
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:26:46,180 --> 00:26:54,860
931
+ cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุดุงูŠู ุณูุฑ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ุงู„ X ุทูŠุจ ุจู‚ุทุน ุงู„
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:26:54,860 --> 00:27:01,540
935
+ X ุงู„ Y ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ Y ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ู‡ุงูŠ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:27:01,540 --> 00:27:05,640
939
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:27:05,640 --> 00:27:07,560
943
+ ุจู‚ุทุน ุงู„ Z ุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:27:13,350 --> 00:27:19,170
947
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุท ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:27:19,170 --> 00:27:25,070
951
+ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒุณ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุนุชุจุฑู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:27:25,070 --> 00:27:31,410
955
+ ู‡ุฒูˆุท
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:27:31,410 --> 00:27:38,830
959
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูุนู„ุง ุจู‚ุทุน ุงู„ Y ุณุงู„ุฉ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุจู‚ุทุน ุงู„ Z
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:27:38,830 --> 00:27:41,230
963
+ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒุณ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:27:51,970 --> 00:28:08,810
967
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ hcpu ู„ู„ุณูŠู„ ููŠ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:28:08,810 --> 00:28:14,310
971
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ direction a1 ุงูˆ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ axis a1 ูˆ ุงู„
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:28:14,310 --> 00:28:23,880
975
+ axis a2 ุงูŠ a1A2 ูˆ A3 ูˆ Z ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ A1
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:28:23,880 --> 00:28:35,380
979
+ ูˆ A2 ูˆ A3 ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุจูŠู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจู‚ุทุน ุงู„ A1 ููŠ ุงูŠู†ุŸ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:28:35,380 --> 00:28:42,780
983
+ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:28:42,780 --> 00:28:43,180
987
+ A2
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:28:52,880 --> 00:29:00,460
991
+ ุณุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุจุชุนูˆุด
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:29:00,460 --> 00:29:05,180
995
+ ู…ุงู†ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:29:05,180 --> 00:29:11,920
999
+ Z ูˆุงุญุฏ C ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:29:11,920 --> 00:29:20,620
1003
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏู…ุนู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:29:20,620 --> 00:29:38,260
1007
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุณูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐุง HCP ุทูŠุจ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:29:38,260 --> 00:29:44,520
1011
+ ุนู†ุฏ two or more planes may belong to the same
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:29:44,520 --> 00:29:51,080
1015
+ family plansูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงูˆ ุงูƒุซุฑ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู†ู‡ ู†ูุณ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:29:51,080 --> 00:29:55,620
1019
+ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุณุทุญูŠุฉ ู†ูุณ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:29:55,620 --> 00:29:58,180
1023
+ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุณุทุญูŠุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:29:58,180 --> 00:30:02,240
1027
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุงุช ููŠู‡ู…
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:30:02,240 --> 00:30:07,820
1031
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนุดุฑ ุถุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุชู… ู…ุฑุจุน ู…ุซู„ุง
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:30:07,820 --> 00:30:11,760
1035
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ planner density
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:30:11,760 --> 00:30:17,270
1039
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉin a cubic system only
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:30:17,270 --> 00:30:22,950
1043
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจุฉ ูู‚ุท planes
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:30:22,950 --> 00:30:27,750
1047
+ having the same indices irrespective of order and
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:30:27,750 --> 00:30:32,070
1051
+ sign are equivalent ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู…
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:30:32,070 --> 00:30:36,610
1055
+ ุจุบุถ ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ูˆ ุจุบุถ ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฅูŠุด
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:30:36,610 --> 00:30:40,850
1059
+ ูŠุชูˆุงุฑ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:30:40,850 --> 00:30:46,890
1063
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนูŠู„ุฉ ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุนูŠู„ุฉ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:30:46,890 --> 00:30:51,490
1067
+ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช that has eight planes ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:30:51,490 --> 00:30:59,450
1071
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:30:59,450 --> 00:31:09,370
1075
+ ุชุดู…ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู„ุนุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:31:09,370 --> 00:31:20,460
1079
+ ุณุงู„ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:31:20,460 --> 00:31:24,660
1083
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:31:24,660 --> 00:31:34,820
1087
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:31:34,820 --> 00:31:36,680
1091
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:31:39,210 --> 00:31:45,870
1095
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงู†ุง
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:31:45,870 --> 00:31:52,470
1099
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุน ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:31:52,470 --> 00:31:57,150
1103
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:31:57,150 --> 00:32:06,910
1107
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนูŠู„ุฉ ู†ุนู… ู„ูˆ ุจุชุฑุณู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุด ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:32:08,980 --> 00:32:14,580
1111
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ู…ุชุฌู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:32:14,580 --> 00:32:21,520
1115
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชูˆู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ู„ุงู†ู‡ุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ directions ุจุณ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:32:21,520 --> 00:32:27,220
1119
+ ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุด ุจุงุณู… ุงู„ูƒูŠูˆุจุŸ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุงู‡ ุจุณ ุงู„ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:32:27,220 --> 00:32:31,840
1123
+ ุงู„ุณุทุญูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:32:31,840 --> 00:32:38,220
1127
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒูŠูˆุจูƒ system ูู‚ุท
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:32:48,430 --> 00:32:53,850
1131
+ ููŠ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ planner packing fraction ููŠ ุงู„
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:32:53,850 --> 00:32:57,830
1135
+ planner density ุงู„ planner packing fraction ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:32:57,830 --> 00:33:03,270
1139
+ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูŠู‚ุทุน ุฏุฑุงุช ุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุนู†ุงุช ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ู…ุด ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:33:03,270 --> 00:33:10,850
1143
+ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ู…ุธู„ูˆุทุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุนูŠู†
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:33:10,850 --> 00:33:18,530
1147
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุนุงุฏ ุฏุฑุงุชู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ zero ููŠ ุงู„ FCC
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:33:18,530 --> 00:33:22,730
1151
+ ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุงุทู… ุงู„ุถุฑุฑุงุช ุฌุงูŠุด ุฒู‡ูŠุฌ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:33:46,230 --> 00:33:49,030
1155
+ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุบูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:33:49,030 --> 00:33:54,990
1159
+ ู…ุดุบูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ planner packing fraction ุงู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:33:54,990 --> 00:34:02,110
1163
+ planner packing fraction ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงูƒู…
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:34:02,110 --> 00:34:08,930
1167
+ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:34:08,930 --> 00:34:15,550
1171
+ ุงูƒู… by R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตุญุŸ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:34:18,040 --> 00:34:27,740
1175
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุญุชุฉ ุงู„ FCC ู‡ุฐู‡ A
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:34:27,740 --> 00:34:34,440
1179
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ A ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจูŠุณุชูˆู‰ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงุฐุง
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:34:34,440 --> 00:34:40,280
1183
+ ูุงูƒุฑ ุงู†ุช ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู„ุงู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ R ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† R ูˆ R ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:34:40,280 --> 00:34:49,710
1187
+ R ุณุชุงุด ุณุชุงุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ Aุจุณุชูˆู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฌุฒุฑ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:34:49,710 --> 00:34:58,990
1191
+ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ R ูŠุนู†ู‰ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† by R square ุนู„ู‰
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:34:58,990 --> 00:35:08,370
1195
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ R square ูŠุนู†ู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† by ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:35:16,560 --> 00:35:22,960
1199
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ planner packing fraction ุชุทู„ุน
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:35:22,960 --> 00:35:26,440
1203
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:35:26,440 --> 00:35:38,780
1207
+ ุนู„ู‰
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:35:38,780 --> 00:35:45,960
1211
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐุงู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู‡ ุนู„ู‰
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:35:45,960 --> 00:35:50,020
1215
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ crystal
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:35:50,020 --> 00:35:56,000
1219
+ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ FCC ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ุงุญุณุจ ุงู„ planner density ุงู„
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:35:56,000 --> 00:36:01,180
1223
+ planner density ู‡ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ area of plane
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:36:01,180 --> 00:36:09,860
1227
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูƒุงู… ุฐุฑู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุนู„ู‰
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:36:09,860 --> 00:36:10,740
1231
+ ุงู„ู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงุญุฉ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:36:25,820 --> 00:36:35,160
1235
+ Atom of magnitude ุงู†ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุญุฌู… ุนู† ุญุฌู… ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:36:35,160 --> 00:36:38,600
1239
+ ุจุญูƒูŠ ุงู†ุง ุนู† ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุถุฑุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฌู… ุงู„
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:36:38,600 --> 00:36:42,640
1243
+ unit cell ุงู„ linear density ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุนุฏุฏ ุถุฑุฑุงุช ู„ูƒู„
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:36:42,640 --> 00:36:48,010
1247
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ planar densityุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุฏุฑุงุช ู„ูƒู„
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:36:48,010 --> 00:36:52,710
1251
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ packing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ planner packing
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:36:52,710 --> 00:36:59,790
1255
+ fraction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุฏุฑุงุช ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงุดูˆู
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:36:59,790 --> 00:37:04,630
1259
+ ู…ุซุงู„ how many atoms per millimeter square are
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:37:04,630 --> 00:37:11,510
1263
+ there on the one zero zero and one one one plane
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:37:11,510 --> 00:37:14,690
1267
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุญู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ planner density
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:37:18,620 --> 00:37:27,000
1271
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:37:27,000 --> 00:37:31,900
1275
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู„ู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู† ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุจู†ุนูˆุฏ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:37:31,900 --> 00:37:39,860
1279
+ ุนู† ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ R ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃูƒู… ุถุฑุฑ ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:37:39,860 --> 00:37:40,540
1283
+ ูƒุงู†ุช R
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:37:44,010 --> 00:37:50,150
1287
+ .128 ู†ุงู†ูˆู…ุชุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:37:50,150 --> 00:37:58,730
1291
+ ุงู„ plan of density ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ point
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:37:58,730 --> 00:38:05,650
1295
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุงุต ู†ุงู‚ุต ุชุณุนุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:38:05,650 --> 00:38:06,770
1299
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ ู„ูŠู‡ุง
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:38:45,570 --> 00:38:50,470
1303
+ ุฃู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑ ุฃุณ ุชู…ุงู†ุชุงุดุฑ ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:38:50,470 --> 00:38:57,110
1307
+ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ุฑุจุน ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ุฑุจุนู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ุงู†ุง ุงุญูƒูŠ ู„ูƒู„
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:38:57,110 --> 00:39:04,970
1311
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ ู…ุฑุจุน ุงุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุงูŠุด ุณุงู„ุณ ุณุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:39:04,970 --> 00:39:13,750
1315
+ ุณุจุนุฉ point ุณุชุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ุงุชู†ุงุด atom ู„ูƒู„ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:39:13,750 --> 00:39:14,930
1319
+ ุชุฑุจุน
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:39:21,350 --> 00:39:29,470
1323
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฏู ู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ 1110 ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ 111 ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุตูˆู…ุฉ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:39:29,470 --> 00:39:39,550
1327
+ ุจุฑุง ููŠ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:39:39,550 --> 00:39:40,970
1331
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ 111
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:40:17,900 --> 00:40:25,920
1335
+ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุถุฑุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ุงุถุบุท ูˆ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:40:25,920 --> 00:40:32,360
1339
+ ุถุฑุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ูˆุฌู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู‡ุงูŠ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:40:32,360 --> 00:40:36,340
1343
+ ุถุฑุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎุฏ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ 1 1 1
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:40:36,340 --> 00:40:41,140
1347
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ X ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ Y ุจูˆุงุญุฏ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:40:55,180 --> 00:41:01,240
1351
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด ุฃูˆุทุงุฑ faces
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:41:01,240 --> 00:41:04,960
1355
+ head water face ูˆ head water face ูˆ head water
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:41:04,960 --> 00:41:08,260
1359
+ face ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฏู‰ ุจุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฏู‰ ุจุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฏู‰ ู‡ุทู„ุนู‡ ุจุฑุง
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:41:08,260 --> 00:41:15,620
1363
+ ุงู„ูุงุณ ู‡ุฏู‰ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุฏุฑู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุตุญ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุฏุฑู‡ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:41:15,620 --> 00:41:19,140
1367
+ ููŠู‡ ุฏุฑู‡ ุตุญ ู‡ุทู„ุนู‡ุง ุจุฑุง
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:41:25,110 --> 00:41:38,530
1371
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุซู„ุซ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฃุถู„ุงุน ุทูˆู„ ุถู„ุงู„ู‡ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:41:38,530 --> 00:41:43,550
1375
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ููŠู‡ ุถุฑุฑ ูุธู‡ุฑ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ face ููŠู‡
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:41:43,550 --> 00:41:43,930
1379
+ ุถุฑุฑ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:42:23,770 --> 00:42:30,730
1383
+ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุงู„ touching ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุงุฌู‡ุฏุด ู…ุนุงูŠุง ูˆุฑุง ุตุฑุงุญุฉ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:42:30,730 --> 00:42:37,270
1387
+ ูƒุงู…
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:42:37,270 --> 00:42:43,210
1391
+ ุถุฑุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ planner density ุงูˆ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงุญุณุจ ุงูˆู„ุง ุงู„
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:42:43,210 --> 00:42:47,110
1395
+ planner packing
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:42:47,110 --> 00:42:51,090
1399
+ fraction ุงูƒู… ุฏู‚ุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:42:54,410 --> 00:43:02,110
1403
+ ู†ุต .. ู†ุต .. ู†ุต .. ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู†ุต ูƒู… ุตุฏูˆุณ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุตุฏูˆุณ ูˆ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:43:02,110 --> 00:43:06,790
1407
+ ุตุฏูˆุณ ูˆ ุตุฏูˆุณ ุซุงู„ุซ ุฃุณุฏุงุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุต ุฒุงุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู†ุต ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:43:06,790 --> 00:43:16,590
1411
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ by R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซุฉ ุฏู‡
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:43:16,590 --> 00:43:17,890
1415
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุต
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:43:21,380 --> 00:43:31,740
1419
+ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ minus ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุตุญุŸ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:43:31,740 --> 00:43:37,980
1423
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:43:37,980 --> 00:43:51,780
1427
+ by R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุชุญุช ู†ุต ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ ุชุฑุจูŠุนุŸSin ุณุชูŠู† ู‡ูˆ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:43:51,780 --> 00:43:58,000
1431
+ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตุญุŸ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:43:58,000 --> 00:44:14,880
1435
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ุน ู†ุต ุงุฑุจุนุฉ by ู‚ุงุฑ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนู„ู‰
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:44:14,880 --> 00:44:21,000
1439
+ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉุงูŠู‡ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ FCH ูˆุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉุŸ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:44:21,000 --> 00:44:27,780
1443
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฑ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุตุญุŸ ููŠ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฑ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:44:27,780 --> 00:44:32,900
1447
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุญูŠุฑูˆุญ ุงุฑ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู…ุน ุงุฑ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆุงุฑุจุน ู…ุน ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:44:32,900 --> 00:44:43,440
1451
+ ุจุตู ุจุงูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:45:17,430 --> 00:45:19,150
1455
+ ุงู†ุช ุชุฎู„ุทุด ู…ุน ุงู„ volume
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:45:27,940 --> 00:45:33,020
1459
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ planner packing fraction ุงู„ planner density
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:45:33,020 --> 00:45:37,240
1463
+ ูƒู…
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:45:37,240 --> 00:45:45,580
1467
+ ุถุฑุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:45:45,580 --> 00:45:54,300
1471
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุตุญ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:45:54,300 --> 00:46:03,350
1475
+ ู†ุตู ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชุฑุจูŠุนุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:46:03,350 --> 00:46:11,390
1479
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณูˆุงุก ุงุฑุจุน ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:46:11,390 --> 00:46:19,450
1483
+ ู„ูˆ ุฏู‡ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุฏู„ุงุช ุงุฑ ููŠ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฑ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงุชุจุงุฑุฉ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:46:19,450 --> 00:46:22,070
1487
+ ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุงู„ุงู†ุญุงุณ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:46:23,700 --> 00:46:29,060
1491
+ ุงู„ู†ุตู ูƒุชุฑ ุฏุงุฑู‡ point one two eight nanometer ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:46:29,060 --> 00:46:40,180
1495
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุญุงุณ FCC ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุงูŠ ุงู†ูุณูŠุฑ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:46:40,180 --> 00:46:43,340
1499
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:46:43,340 --> 00:46:51,350
1503
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉูู‰ ุงู„ R ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ point ูˆุงุญุฏ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:46:51,350 --> 00:46:58,090
1507
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูู‰ ุนุดุฑ ูˆ ุงุตู„ุงู‚ุณ ุชุณุนุฉ ู‡ูƒู…ุชุฑ ูู‰ ูƒู„
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:46:58,090 --> 00:47:01,710
1511
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:47:01,710 --> 00:47:02,490
1515
+ R ูƒุงู… ุชุทู„ุนุŸ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:47:14,320 --> 00:47:16,300
1519
+ ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุฑุฏุช ูƒุงู† ุงูƒู… ุงู„ูƒุซุฑุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ูˆุฑุฏุช
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:47:16,300 --> 00:47:23,700
1523
+ ุณุจุนุฉ point ุณุชุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑ ุนู‚ู„ ุณุชู…ุงุดุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ atom ู„ูƒู„
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:47:23,700 --> 00:47:32,400
1527
+ millimeter ู…ุฑุจุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงูƒู… ุชุทู„ุน ุงูŠูˆุฉ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:47:32,400 --> 00:47:36,540
1531
+ ุณุชุฉ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:47:36,540 --> 00:47:39,800
1535
+ ุงุชู…
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:47:41,730 --> 00:47:46,090
1539
+ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ุฑุจุน ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃุชู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ุฑุจุน ุชุญุช ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:47:46,090 --> 00:47:52,870
1543
+ point ุณุจุนุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูุนุดุฑุฉ ุงุต ุชู„ุชุงุดุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ุงูƒุจุฑ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:47:52,870 --> 00:48:02,910
1547
+ ูƒุซุงูุฉ ู‡ูˆ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:48:02,910 --> 00:48:08,610
1551
+ ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุจุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงู‚ุณู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:48:16,710 --> 00:48:26,330
1555
+ ุงูƒุณุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:48:26,330 --> 00:48:32,910
1559
+ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ .. ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุจุนุชุงุด .. ุณุจุนุชุงุด point ุณุชุฉ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:48:32,910 --> 00:48:41,820
1563
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจุนุฉ point ุณุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุดูŠูุชู‚ูŠูŠู… ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:48:41,820 --> 00:48:46,440
1567
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ 1 1 1 ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุถุนู ูƒุซุงูุฉ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:48:46,440 --> 00:48:52,940
1571
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ 1 1 0 ุงูˆ ุงู„ 1 0 0 ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ุงู† ุงู„ู€
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:48:52,940 --> 00:48:57,240
1575
+ Plastic deformation ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ 1 1 ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู†
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:48:57,240 --> 00:49:01,940
1579
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆุงุช ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ slip ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ุฒู„ุงุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุณู„ุท
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:49:09,160 --> 00:49:16,240
1583
+ ุฃู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูุงุตู„ุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:49:16,240 --> 00:49:19,160
1587
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุฑุดุญ ุงู† ุณูŠู† ุงู„ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุชู‡ ุงุนู„ู‰
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:49:19,160 --> 00:49:27,820
1591
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:49:27,820 --> 00:49:32,220
1595
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ุตูุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ..
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:49:32,220 --> 00:49:36,790
1599
+ ู„ุฃ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฅุฐุง ูุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ plastic
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:49:36,790 --> 00:49:39,730
1603
+ deformation ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุณูŠ ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:49:39,730 --> 00:49:44,010
1607
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุช start with ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุงู„ูŠ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:49:44,010 --> 00:49:48,870
1611
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‘ูŠ ูƒู„
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:49:48,870 --> 00:49:52,070
1615
+ ู…ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงูุฉ ุงู„ู†ุณูˆูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุฃุณู‡ู„
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:49:52,070 --> 00:49:59,390
1619
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุชุญูƒู… ุจุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจุบุถ ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:49:59,390 --> 00:50:08,410
1623
+ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุจุนูŠู‚ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจุนูŠู‚ุฃูˆ ุจุณู‡ู„ู‡ุง ุจุนูŠู‚ ุฃูˆ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:50:08,410 --> 00:50:12,210
1627
+ ุจุณู‡ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุฒู„ุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุนูŠู‚ ุฃูˆ ุจุณู‡ู„ู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:50:12,210 --> 00:50:17,370
1631
+ course ูƒู„ู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฎู„ุตุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุฃุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:50:17,370 --> 00:50:17,630
1635
+ ุงู„ุนููˆ
1636
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbBCceOozNtoSQCtYlAhMQo/oleGU4RU89Y_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwbBCceOozNtoSQCtYlAhMQo/oleGU4RU89Y_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1636 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:05,130 --> 00:00:08,110
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆ ุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:08,110 --> 00:00:12,830
7
+ ุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุฏุณุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏูŠู†ุง ุจ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:12,830 --> 00:00:17,050
11
+ chapter ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„ crystal structure ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:17,050 --> 00:00:21,450
15
+ ุงู„ crystal structure ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ FCC ุงู„ FCC ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:21,450 --> 00:00:25,930
19
+ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ูƒู„ corner ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุถุฑุฑ ุน ูƒู„ face
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:25,930 --> 00:00:29,830
23
+ ููŠู‡ ุถุฑุฑ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ atoms ููŠ ุงู„ units ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:29,830 --> 00:00:35,770
27
+ atoms ุงู„ coordination number ุงุชู†ุงุด ุงู„ ุงู„ atomic
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:35,770 --> 00:00:42,300
31
+ packing factor bond ุณุจุนุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุงู„ BCC
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:42,300 --> 00:00:45,300
35
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุถุฑุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ูˆ ููŠ ุถุฑุฑ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:45,300 --> 00:00:49,960
39
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ุนุฏุฏ ุถุฑุฑุงุช ู„ูƒู„ unit cell ู‡ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:49,960 --> 00:00:52,580
43
+ coordination number ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ atomic packing
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:52,580 --> 00:00:59,940
47
+ factor 4.6 ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ HCPICP ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:59,940 --> 00:01:05,360
51
+ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ unit cell ุน ุดูƒู„ ู…ู†ุดูˆุฑ ุณุฏุงุณุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:05,360 --> 00:01:08,740
55
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุถุฑุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ู…ู† ุงู„ 12 corner
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:08,740 --> 00:01:12,160
59
+ ููŠ ุถุฑุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุงุณ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ูˆ ุถุฑุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูุงุณ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:12,160 --> 00:01:17,980
63
+ ุงู„ุณูู„ูŠ ูˆ ููŠ ุชู„ุช ุถุฑุนุงุช ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ C ุนู„ู‰ A ratio 1
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:17,980 --> 00:01:23,260
67
+ .633 ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ุถุฑุนุงุช ู„ูƒู„ unit cell 6 ุงู„
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:23,260 --> 00:01:25,220
71
+ atomic packing factor 0.74
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:28,220 --> 00:01:30,480
75
+ ุดูˆูู†ุง ูƒูŠู ู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ density ุงู„ density ู‡ูˆ number of
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:30,480 --> 00:01:32,800
79
+ atoms per unit cell ููŠ ุงู„ atomic mass ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:32,800 --> 00:01:35,480
83
+ volume of unit cell ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ Avogadro ุญู„ูŠู†ุง
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:35,480 --> 00:01:41,620
87
+ examples ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ polymorphism polymorphism
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:41,620 --> 00:01:44,500
91
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ material ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:44,500 --> 00:01:49,820
95
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† BCC ุนู†ุฏ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุบุฑูุฉ ุงุนู„ู‰ ู…ู†
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:49,820 --> 00:01:52,140
99
+ 912 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ FCC
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:55,240 --> 00:01:59,880
103
+ ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชุนุฑู ุฌูˆุง how to define points ุงู† ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู…
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:59,880 --> 00:02:03,240
107
+ ู†ุธุงู… ุงุญุฏุงุซูŠุฉ ุชู„ุงุชูŠ ุงู„ุฃุจุนุงุฏ XYZ right hand
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:03,240 --> 00:02:08,900
111
+ coordinate system ุดูˆูู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู† ู†ู‚ุงุท ูƒูŠู ู†ุนุฑู
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:08,900 --> 00:02:15,520
115
+ ุงู„ directions ููŠ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:15,520 --> 00:02:18,500
119
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ HCP ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ three axis system ูˆ four
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:18,500 --> 00:02:22,420
123
+ axis system ูˆุดูˆูู†ุง ุงู„ุชุญูˆูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ three axis ู„ู„
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:22,420 --> 00:02:28,460
127
+ four axis systemุญู„ู†ุง examples ู„ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:28,460 --> 00:02:33,380
131
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ linear density ุนุดุงู† ู‡ู†ุนุฑู ุงู„
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:33,380 --> 00:02:38,120
135
+ repeat distance ุงู„ repeat distance ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจูŠู†
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:38,120 --> 00:02:46,660
139
+ two lattice points ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:46,660 --> 00:02:51,220
143
+ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุจูŠู† ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุนู„ู‰
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:51,220 --> 00:02:55,170
147
+ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ repeat distanceุทุจุนุง ุงู„ repeat
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:55,170 --> 00:02:58,350
151
+ distance ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุงู„ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุชุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† direction ู„
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:58,350 --> 00:03:01,910
155
+ direction ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ direction ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:01,910 --> 00:03:10,590
159
+ repeat distance ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ BCC ุจุชุฌุงู‡
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:10,590 --> 00:03:11,950
163
+ ุงู„ one one one direction
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:52,230 --> 00:04:06,510
167
+ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชูŠ ุงู„ PCC ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุถุฑุน ูƒู„ corner ูˆ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:04:06,510 --> 00:04:17,550
171
+ ุถุฑุน ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ุงู„ direction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ one one one
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:04:17,550 --> 00:04:20,050
175
+ one ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ direction
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:04:27,720 --> 00:04:34,820
179
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ direction ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู†
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:04:34,820 --> 00:04:41,540
183
+ ุถุฑุฑ ุตุญุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ repeat
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:41,540 --> 00:04:46,780
187
+ distance ููŠ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:46,780 --> 00:04:53,200
191
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ direction ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒุŸ ุงู‡ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:53,200 --> 00:04:56,220
195
+ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ุณู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ููŠู‡ ุถุฑุฑ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:59,530 --> 00:05:04,830
199
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆ ุฌูˆุง ู‚ู„ู…ูƒ ููŠู‡ ุถุฑุฑ ุงู„ุงู† start ู…ู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:05:04,830 --> 00:05:09,150
203
+ direction ููŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุชูƒุฑุฑ ู„ู…ุง ู„ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:05:09,150 --> 00:05:12,790
207
+ ุงู„ุทูˆู„
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:05:12,790 --> 00:05:21,530
211
+ ุชุงุนู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุทูˆู„ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุงูƒู…
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:05:21,530 --> 00:05:28,500
215
+ ุฌุฏุฑ ุชู„ุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุญ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ to repeat distanceู„ู„
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:05:28,500 --> 00:05:35,260
219
+ direction ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:05:35,260 --> 00:05:46,460
223
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ lattice parameter ุตุญ ุงู„ a ู„ูˆ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:05:46,460 --> 00:05:51,440
227
+ ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง ุงู„ one one zero direction ุงู„ one one zero
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:05:51,440 --> 00:05:51,860
231
+ direction
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:05:58,780 --> 00:06:06,740
235
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุตุญ ู‡ุฐุง
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:06:06,740 --> 00:06:13,680
239
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ zero direction ู„ุฃู†
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:06:13,680 --> 00:06:20,760
243
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุถุฑุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู‡ุงูŠ ุถุฑุฑ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงุฐุง ุฏู„ุช ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:06:20,760 --> 00:06:26,530
247
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุตุญ repeat this sentenceููŠ ุงู„
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:06:26,530 --> 00:06:34,730
251
+ direction 110 ู„ BCC ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:06:34,730 --> 00:06:40,350
255
+ A ุทูŠุจ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:06:40,350 --> 00:06:48,130
259
+ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ BCC ู„ูƒู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ FCC ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:06:48,130 --> 00:06:54,170
263
+ direction ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุถุฑุน ุงู„ูุฑุตุฉ ุฏู‡ ุตุญุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:06:54,170 --> 00:07:01,560
267
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ BCCrepeat distance ุนู„ู‰
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:07:01,560 --> 00:07:10,120
271
+ ุงู„ direction 110 ู„ FCC ุฌุฏุฑ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:07:10,120 --> 00:07:24,200
275
+ ุงู„ุฃุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ 2A ู„ุฃู†
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:07:24,200 --> 00:07:30,590
279
+ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ู„ูƒู„
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:07:30,590 --> 00:07:36,030
283
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุทูˆู„ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุนูŠู† ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:07:36,030 --> 00:07:42,170
287
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุทูˆู„ along direction ู…ุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:07:42,170 --> 00:07:44,630
291
+ ู…ุนูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ linearity ู‡ูŠ number of centers on
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:07:44,630 --> 00:07:47,610
295
+ direction vector ุนู„ู‰ length of direction vector
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:07:52,670 --> 00:07:55,410
299
+ ุงู„ุงู† if a direction equivalent ู„ other direction,
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:07:55,510 --> 00:07:58,570
303
+ all directions have identical linear density ูŠุนู†ูŠ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:07:58,570 --> 00:08:01,450
307
+ ุงู„ direction ุจูŠูƒูˆู† equivalent ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎุตุต
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:08:01,450 --> 00:08:05,310
311
+ ู…ุชุดุงุจู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ linear
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:08:05,310 --> 00:08:09,090
315
+ density ุงู„ linear density ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:08:09,090 --> 00:08:14,050
319
+ repeat distance ุดูˆู
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:08:14,050 --> 00:08:25,350
323
+ ู…ุซุงู„ find linear density along ุงู† ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง1 1 0 for
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:08:25,350 --> 00:08:34,210
327
+ FCC and BCC ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏู‡ุง long ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:08:34,210 --> 00:08:39,070
331
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:08:39,070 --> 00:08:44,430
335
+ ู‡ูŠ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:08:44,430 --> 00:08:44,950
339
+ ุงู„ BCC
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:08:53,250 --> 00:09:03,490
343
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ X ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Y ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Z ุตุญ ุงู„
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:09:03,490 --> 00:09:14,110
347
+ one one zero direction ู‡ุฐุง
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:09:14,110 --> 00:09:22,150
351
+ ุตุญ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ ุงู„
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:09:22,150 --> 00:09:22,770
355
+ linear density
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:09:27,270 --> 00:09:30,450
359
+ ุจุณ ู‡ูˆ number of atoms centered along direction
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:09:30,450 --> 00:09:38,950
363
+ number of atoms ุนู„ู‰
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:09:38,950 --> 00:09:45,030
367
+ ุงู„ length number
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:09:45,030 --> 00:09:50,570
371
+ of atoms ุนู†ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ BCC ู‡ูŠู†ุจุฏุฃุช ูƒู… ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆู„ุง
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:09:50,570 --> 00:09:53,090
375
+ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:09:54,990 --> 00:09:59,170
379
+ ู„ู…ุง ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุท ุงู„ุงุนุฏุงุฏ ุงู†ุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุตูุฑ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุนุฏ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:09:59,170 --> 00:10:06,070
383
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู„ุง ุตูุฑ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ start point ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:10:06,070 --> 00:10:14,570
387
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ length ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:10:14,570 --> 00:10:19,670
391
+ ุจูŠุณุชูˆุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ repeat distance ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ repeat
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:10:19,670 --> 00:10:24,130
395
+ distance ู…ุด ุจูŠุณุชูˆูŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:10:26,940 --> 00:10:35,840
399
+ BCC ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ FCC ู„ู†ูุณ ุงู„ direction ุนู†ุฏ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:10:35,840 --> 00:10:47,540
403
+ ุนู†ุฏ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:10:47,540 --> 00:10:56,910
407
+ ุนุฏุฏ ุฐุฑุงุช ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ู‡ูƒูˆู†
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:10:56,910 --> 00:11:03,110
411
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ length ุงู„ู„ูŠ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:11:03,110 --> 00:11:09,670
415
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุงุด ุฌุฒุฑ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:11:09,670 --> 00:11:18,510
419
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠู‡
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:11:18,510 --> 00:11:20,330
423
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:11:26,760 --> 00:11:39,520
427
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุฃ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:11:39,520 --> 00:11:49,280
431
+ ุงู„ length ุงู„ length ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:11:49,280 --> 00:11:51,700
435
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ repeat distance
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:11:56,270 --> 00:12:00,470
439
+ ู„ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุฎุฏุช ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:12:00,470 --> 00:12:04,170
443
+ ุฌุฒุฑ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:12:04,170 --> 00:12:10,470
447
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุณุงูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:12:10,470 --> 00:12:19,090
451
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ linear density ู‡ุชุญูƒูŠู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ atom
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:12:19,090 --> 00:12:23,150
455
+ ู„ูƒู„
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:12:23,150 --> 00:12:23,770
459
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุทูˆู„
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:12:38,980 --> 00:12:45,860
463
+ ุทูŠุจ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ู…ุด ุซุงุจุช ู„ุฃ ู„ุฃ ุงู†ุช ู…ูŠู† .. ู…ูŠู† ุงุนู„ู‰ุŸ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:12:45,860 --> 00:12:48,320
467
+ ู…ูŠู† ุงุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ index ููŠ ุงู„ BCC ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ directionุŸ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:12:48,320 --> 00:12:53,360
471
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุฏ ุฃูƒู…ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู† ู‡ุฏ ุถุนู
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:12:53,360 --> 00:13:00,590
475
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ BCC ู‡ุฒ ุณูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏููŠ ุงู„ FCC
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:13:00,590 --> 00:13:04,330
479
+ ู†ุต ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ FCC
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:13:04,330 --> 00:13:11,410
483
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงุนู„ู‰ ุงุฐุง
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:13:11,410 --> 00:13:16,030
487
+ ุงุดุชุบู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ repeat distance ุตุญูŠุญ ุตุญูŠุญ ุงุฐุง ุงุดุชุบู„ุช
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:13:16,030 --> 00:13:24,090
491
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุจุฏูƒ ุงูŠุด ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุทูŠุจ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:13:35,600 --> 00:13:37,720
495
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุชุŒ ุงุญู†ุง so far ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:13:37,720 --> 00:13:42,200
499
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุทุŒ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ directionsุŒ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:13:42,200 --> 00:13:48,280
503
+ crystallographic planes ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุญุชูˆูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:13:50,890 --> 00:13:56,590
507
+ ู…ุนุจูŠุฉ ุถุฑุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎุตุงุฆุต ูˆ ุชุตุฑู
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:13:56,590 --> 00:14:02,950
511
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุนุงู… ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:14:02,950 --> 00:14:06,030
515
+ ููŠู‡ุง deformation due to slip mechanism slip
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:14:06,030 --> 00:14:10,510
519
+ mechanism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุจุบุถ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:14:10,510 --> 00:14:15,510
523
+ ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ loading ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู…ุซู„ุง axle ุงูˆ bending ุงูˆ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:14:15,510 --> 00:14:18,570
527
+ torsion ุงูˆ ุงูŠ combination ุจูŠู† ุงู„ loading
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:14:18,570 --> 00:14:23,080
531
+ conditions ู‡ุฐู‡ููŠ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‘ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:14:23,080 --> 00:14:27,700
535
+ ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠู† ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุฏุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุณู„
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:14:27,700 --> 00:14:32,540
539
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุฏุฑู‘ุงุช ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:14:32,540 --> 00:14:35,300
543
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:14:35,300 --> 00:14:41,560
547
+ slip ุฃูˆ ุงู„ deformation ููŠ along ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ most
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:14:41,560 --> 00:14:46,300
551
+ closed packed plains ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:14:46,300 --> 00:14:55,490
555
+ ูƒุซุงูุฉ alongุงู„ู€ most dense directions ุนุดุงู†
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:14:55,490 --> 00:15:02,550
559
+ ุงุชุนุฑู ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุญุชุงุฌ ุชู„ุช ู†ู‚ุงุท ูŠุฌุจ ุชูˆุฌูŠู‡ ุชู„ุช ู†ู‚ุงุท
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:15:02,550 --> 00:15:09,510
563
+ ุชู‚ุงุทุนู‡ุง ู…ุน ุงู„ XYZ coordinate system ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุชุงุฎุฏ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:15:09,510 --> 00:15:16,650
567
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุทุน ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุชุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ ุจุนุฏูŠู† a clear
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:15:16,650 --> 00:15:21,830
571
+ fraction ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‚ุตูˆุฑ a clear ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุทู„ุน
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:15:21,830 --> 00:15:26,530
575
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุง ุชู‚ุณู… ู…ุงู†ูุนุด but do not reduce
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:15:26,530 --> 00:15:30,590
579
+ to lowest integer ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ ู‚ุตูˆุฑ a clear ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:15:30,590 --> 00:15:33,910
583
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ุณุชุฉ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุชุณุนุฉ ู…ุง ุชู‚ุณู…ุด ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:15:37,890 --> 00:15:41,110
587
+ plains and their negative are identical ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:15:41,110 --> 00:15:43,450
591
+ ุงู„ negative ุจุชุงุนู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ plain ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:15:43,450 --> 00:15:49,690
595
+ ู…ู…ุชุฏ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ุงุช plains and their multiple are
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:15:49,690 --> 00:15:56,730
599
+ not identical ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุฉ ุงุฐุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุฑุณู…ุช ุงู†ุง
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:16:11,220 --> 00:16:18,020
603
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุงูŠ XY ุญูƒูŠุช ููŠู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุจู‚ุทุน ุงู„ Y axis ู‡ุงูŠ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:16:18,020 --> 00:16:22,640
607
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู„ูˆ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:16:22,640 --> 00:16:28,080
611
+ ุถุฑุจุชู‡ ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุด ู†ูุณ ู‡ุฐุง
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:16:28,080 --> 00:16:32,560
615
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู„ุฃ ู‡ุฐุง multiple ู‡ุฐุง ูˆุงุถุญุŸ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:16:37,670 --> 00:16:45,230
619
+ for cubic crystals only planes and directions
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:16:45,230 --> 00:16:48,990
623
+ having the same indices are perpendicular to each
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:16:48,990 --> 00:16:55,590
627
+ other ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ cubic crystals ูู‚ุท ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:16:55,590 --> 00:17:00,150
631
+ ูˆุงู„ directions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุนู…ุฏูŠู†
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:17:00,150 --> 00:17:03,390
635
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชุนู…ุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ุจุนุฏ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:17:06,570 --> 00:17:12,850
639
+ ู‡ู†ุญู„ ู…ุซุงู„ ุฏูŠ ุชูŠุฑู…ูŠู† ุฏู‡ ู…ูŠู„ุฑ ุงู†ุฏุณูŠุฒ for the plane
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:17:12,850 --> 00:17:23,750
643
+ shown in the figure ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุฃุจุณุท ุงูˆุฌุฏ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:17:23,750 --> 00:17:27,730
647
+ ุงู„ ู…ูŠู„ุฑ ุงู†ุฏุณูŠุฒ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:17:37,930 --> 00:17:47,990
651
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ X ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Y ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Z ุงูˆู„ุง
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:17:47,990 --> 00:17:54,330
655
+ ููŠ find intercepts
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:17:54,330 --> 00:17:58,850
659
+ ุงูˆู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุน
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:17:58,850 --> 00:18:02,250
663
+ ุงู„ X ูˆY ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุฑุงุณู…ู‡ ูˆูŠู† ู…ุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุน
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:18:02,250 --> 00:18:11,990
667
+ ุงู„ XุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆู…ุนู‡ YุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏู…ุน ุฒ ุจุนุฏูŠู† find ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:18:11,990 --> 00:18:17,350
671
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:18:17,350 --> 00:18:24,710
675
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ plain ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุณุงูˆู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:18:24,710 --> 00:18:35,970
679
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุดูˆู ู…ุซุงู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏุงุฎู„
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:18:35,970 --> 00:18:36,670
683
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:18:52,630 --> 00:19:01,250
687
+ ุงู„ู€ Intercept ูˆูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ XุŸ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ X ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:19:01,250 --> 00:19:07,250
691
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ X ุจูˆุงุญุฏุŸ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุนุด ู…ุน ุงู„ X ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ู„ู„ X ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:19:07,250 --> 00:19:13,030
695
+ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠุŸ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ููŠ ู…ู‡ู„ ุงู„ุฅู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ููŠ ู…ู‡ู„
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:19:13,030 --> 00:19:22,320
699
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูˆูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ YุŸ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ Zู…ุนู†ู‰
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:19:22,320 --> 00:19:28,680
703
+ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู† reciprocal ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุดูˆ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:19:28,680 --> 00:19:35,980
707
+ ุณุงูˆูŠุŸ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ plane ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:19:35,980 --> 00:19:40,640
711
+ ุตูุฑ ูู‡ู…ุชูŠ ู„ูŠุด ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ ู„ูŠ ู…ุนุงูƒูˆุณุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู„ู…ุง
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:19:40,640 --> 00:19:46,360
715
+ ุชุดูˆู ุตูุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ุทูŠุจ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:19:50,550 --> 00:20:10,410
719
+ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฑุณู…ู†ุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ ูˆูŠู†
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:20:10,410 --> 00:20:12,510
723
+ ุจุชู‚ุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ XุŸ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:20:17,090 --> 00:20:21,050
727
+ ู…ูˆ ุจุชู‚ุทุน ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุน ุณูุฑ ู…ุน ู†ุต ู…ุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุน ุนุดุฑ ูˆ ู…ุน
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:20:21,050 --> 00:20:29,370
731
+ ู…ู„ูŠูˆู† ุจุชู‚ุทุน ุนู†ูŠุงุท ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุฎุชุงุฑ ุนู†ูŠุงุท
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:20:29,370 --> 00:20:36,270
735
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู†ูŠุงุท ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎุฏ ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:20:36,270 --> 00:20:41,470
739
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุฉ ุจูŠู…ุฑ ููŠ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ุฅุญุฏุงุซูŠุงุช ุจุนู…ู„
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:20:41,470 --> 00:20:45,650
743
+ shift ู„ู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุจุนู…ู„ shift ู„ู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญูƒูŠ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:20:45,650 --> 00:20:53,560
747
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ Xู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ Z ู‡ุฐู‡
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:20:53,560 --> 00:21:02,780
751
+ ุงู„ Y ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ X ุฏุนู†ุง
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:21:02,780 --> 00:21:05,200
755
+ ู†ู†ุธุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุงู„ front view
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:21:16,200 --> 00:21:29,820
759
+ ู‡ุดูˆู ุงู„ yz plane ุตุญ ู‡ุงูŠ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:21:29,820 --> 00:21:35,000
763
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ y ู‡ุงูŠ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:21:35,000 --> 00:21:40,800
767
+ ุงู„ z ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุนูŠ ุฌุงูŠ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:21:45,010 --> 00:21:51,130
771
+ ูˆ ุงู„ X ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุทูŠุจ
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:21:51,130 --> 00:21:58,850
775
+ ุงู„ X ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ intercept ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ X
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:21:58,850 --> 00:22:06,690
779
+ axis ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ XุŸ ูˆุฒูŠุฑูŠ ุตุญุŸ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:22:06,690 --> 00:22:11,770
783
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูˆูŠู† ุจุชู‚ุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏุŸ ุฏู‡ ุฃู…ุฏ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:22:17,160 --> 00:22:24,560
787
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู†ุต ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุดุŸ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุญุชูŠุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:22:24,560 --> 00:22:30,140
791
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุชู‚ุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ููŠ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:22:30,140 --> 00:22:39,640
795
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆู…ุชู‚ุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ z ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:22:39,640 --> 00:22:49,470
799
+ ุตูุฑ ูˆู†ุตุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุฏูŠู† clear fraction ูˆุถุฑูˆู ุงุชู†ูŠู†
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:22:49,470 --> 00:22:58,710
803
+ ุณูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุณูุฑ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:22:58,710 --> 00:23:05,790
807
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุณุงู„ุจ ุงู„ direction ุจุญุทู‡ ููŠ square
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:23:05,790 --> 00:23:09,810
811
+ brackets ุตุญ ุงู„ plane ุจุญุทู‡ ููŠ ุงูƒูˆุงุณ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:23:14,890 --> 00:23:16,870
815
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุด ุถุฑูˆุฑูŠ ุงุนู…ู„ shift ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ุชู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุนู…ู„
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:23:16,870 --> 00:23:30,570
819
+ shift ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุญุท ุงู„ X ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุนู…ู„ ุดูŠ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ุงูŠ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:23:30,570 --> 00:23:42,010
823
+ ุงู„ Y ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ Z ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ X ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:23:42,010 --> 00:23:42,470
827
+ ุงุฑุณู…
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:23:53,970 --> 00:24:01,210
831
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ Y ู‡ุงูŠ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:24:01,210 --> 00:24:12,970
835
+ ุงู„ Z ู‡ุงูŠ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:24:12,970 --> 00:24:23,530
839
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุฒูŠูƒูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุดุŸ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:24:26,670 --> 00:24:33,370
843
+ ู†ุต ู‡ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ูˆ ู‡ู‰ ูˆ ู‡ู‰ ุฏู‡ ูู…ุง ุชู…ุฏู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุชู‚ุทุน ุนู„ู‰ Y
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:24:33,370 --> 00:24:45,670
847
+ ููŠ ู†ุงู‚ุต ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุธุจุท ุจุชู‚ุทุน ููŠ ุงู„ Z ุจู†ุต ู‡ู‰ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:24:45,670 --> 00:24:49,890
851
+ ุงู„ intercept ู‡ูƒูˆู†
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:24:49,890 --> 00:24:54,250
855
+ ุจุชู‚ุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ X ูˆู„ุง ู…ุนุฒู„ู‡ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ X infinity
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:24:56,090 --> 00:25:03,130
859
+ ูˆ ุงู„ y ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ z ู†ุตู
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:25:03,130 --> 00:25:08,890
863
+ ุงู„ reciprocal ุตูุฑ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:25:08,890 --> 00:25:19,890
867
+ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู†ุทู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ plane ุณูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:25:19,890 --> 00:25:21,830
871
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ุงุญู†ุง ุงูŠุด ุทู„ุนู†ุง
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:25:26,060 --> 00:25:36,700
875
+ ุทู„ุนู†ุง ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:25:36,700 --> 00:25:39,280
879
+ ุงู„ two planes are identical ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ planner
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:25:39,280 --> 00:25:45,380
883
+ density ู‡ุฏู‡ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ cubic unit cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฏู‡ ุตุญ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:25:45,380 --> 00:25:50,280
887
+ ู‡ุฏู‡ ุตุญ ุจุญุณุจ ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุงู„ุชูุณูŠุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุฎุฏุชู‡ุง ู†ุนู…
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:25:55,840 --> 00:26:02,360
891
+ ูˆูŠู† .. ูˆูŠู† ู‡ุชูˆุฏูŠ ุงูŠู‡ุŸ ู…ูŠู† .. ู…ูŠู† ุฃุณู‡ู„ุŸ ู…ูŠู† ุฃุณู‡ู„ุŸ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:26:02,360 --> 00:26:05,040
895
+ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑุŒ ู„ูŠุด ุชุฎ .. ูŠูˆู… ูƒู†ุช ุชุดูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุทูู‰ ู…ุง
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:26:05,040 --> 00:26:11,190
899
+ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุด ู…ุตุทูู‰ ุตุญุŸูˆูŠู† ู‡ุชุญุทู‡ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:26:11,190 --> 00:26:14,550
903
+ ุงู†ุง ู…ุฑุชุจุท ุจ unit cell ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนู…ู„ shift ุจุฏูŠ ุงุนู…ู„
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:26:14,550 --> 00:26:19,010
907
+ shift ู…ุซู„ุง plus or minus ููŠ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X ุงูˆ plus or
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:26:19,010 --> 00:26:21,650
911
+ minus ููŠ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Y ุงูˆ plus or minus ููŠ ุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ Z
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:26:21,650 --> 00:26:27,130
915
+ ุฎู„ุงุต ุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฑู offset ุงูˆ shift ุจุฃุฑู‚ุงุจ ู…ุนุฑูˆูุฉ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:26:27,130 --> 00:26:35,290
919
+ construct
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:26:35,290 --> 00:26:36,590
923
+ or sum
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:26:40,860 --> 00:26:46,180
927
+ zero one negative one plane within a cubic unit
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:26:46,180 --> 00:26:54,860
931
+ cell ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุดุงูŠู ุณูุฑ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ุงู„ X ุทูŠุจ ุจู‚ุทุน ุงู„
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:26:54,860 --> 00:27:01,540
935
+ X ุงู„ Y ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ Y ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ูˆุฌุจ ู‡ุงูŠ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:27:01,540 --> 00:27:05,640
939
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:27:05,640 --> 00:27:07,560
943
+ ุจู‚ุทุน ุงู„ Z ุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:27:13,350 --> 00:27:19,170
947
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุท ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:27:19,170 --> 00:27:25,070
951
+ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒุณ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุนุชุจุฑู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:27:25,070 --> 00:27:31,410
955
+ ู‡ุฒูˆุท
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:27:31,410 --> 00:27:38,830
959
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูุนู„ุง ุจู‚ุทุน ุงู„ Y ุณุงู„ุฉ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุจู‚ุทุน ุงู„ Z
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:27:38,830 --> 00:27:41,230
963
+ ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒุณ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:27:51,970 --> 00:28:08,810
967
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ hcpu ู„ู„ุณูŠู„ ููŠ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:28:08,810 --> 00:28:14,310
971
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ direction a1 ุงูˆ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ axis a1 ูˆ ุงู„
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:28:14,310 --> 00:28:23,880
975
+ axis a2 ุงูŠ a1A2 ูˆ A3 ูˆ Z ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ A1
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:28:23,880 --> 00:28:35,380
979
+ ูˆ A2 ูˆ A3 ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู…ุจูŠู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจู‚ุทุน ุงู„ A1 ููŠ ุงูŠู†ุŸ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:28:35,380 --> 00:28:42,780
983
+ ููŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:28:42,780 --> 00:28:43,180
987
+ A2
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:28:52,880 --> 00:29:00,460
991
+ ุณุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุจุชุนูˆุด
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:29:00,460 --> 00:29:05,180
995
+ ู…ุงู†ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:29:05,180 --> 00:29:11,920
999
+ Z ูˆุงุญุฏ C ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุนูƒูˆุณ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:29:11,920 --> 00:29:20,620
1003
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏู…ุนู†ุงุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:29:20,620 --> 00:29:38,260
1007
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุณูุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐุง HCP ุทูŠุจ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:29:38,260 --> 00:29:44,520
1011
+ ุนู†ุฏ two or more planes may belong to the same
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:29:44,520 --> 00:29:51,080
1015
+ family plansูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงูˆ ุงูƒุซุฑ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู†ู‡ ู†ูุณ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:29:51,080 --> 00:29:55,620
1019
+ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุณุทุญูŠุฉ ู†ูุณ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:29:55,620 --> 00:29:58,180
1023
+ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุณุทุญูŠุฉ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:29:58,180 --> 00:30:02,240
1027
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุซุงูุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุงุช ููŠู‡ู…
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:30:02,240 --> 00:30:07,820
1031
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุนุดุฑ ุถุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุชู… ู…ุฑุจุน ู…ุซู„ุง
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:30:07,820 --> 00:30:11,760
1035
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุนุดุฑุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ planner density
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:30:11,760 --> 00:30:17,270
1039
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนุงุฆู„ุฉin a cubic system only
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:30:17,270 --> 00:30:22,950
1043
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุธุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจุฉ ูู‚ุท planes
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:30:22,950 --> 00:30:27,750
1047
+ having the same indices irrespective of order and
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:30:27,750 --> 00:30:32,070
1051
+ sign are equivalent ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฑู‚ุงู…
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:30:32,070 --> 00:30:36,610
1055
+ ุจุบุถ ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ูˆ ุจุบุถ ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุฉ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุฅูŠุด
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:30:36,610 --> 00:30:40,850
1059
+ ูŠุชูˆุงุฑ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:30:40,850 --> 00:30:46,890
1063
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนูŠู„ุฉ ู…ุซุงู„ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏุงู„ุจุฑู†ุงู…ุฌ ุนูŠู„ุฉ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:30:46,890 --> 00:30:51,490
1067
+ ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช that has eight planes ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:30:51,490 --> 00:30:59,450
1071
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:30:59,450 --> 00:31:09,370
1075
+ ุชุดู…ู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู„ุนุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:31:09,370 --> 00:31:20,460
1079
+ ุณุงู„ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:31:20,460 --> 00:31:24,660
1083
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:31:24,660 --> 00:31:34,820
1087
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:31:34,820 --> 00:31:36,680
1091
+ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:31:39,210 --> 00:31:45,870
1095
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ุงู†ุง
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:31:45,870 --> 00:31:52,470
1099
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุน ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุชุฉ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:31:52,470 --> 00:31:57,150
1103
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุณุงู„ุจ ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:31:57,150 --> 00:32:06,910
1107
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนูŠู„ุฉ ู†ุนู… ู„ูˆ ุจุชุฑุณู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ุด ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุดูŠุก
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:32:08,980 --> 00:32:14,580
1111
+ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุด ู…ุชุฌู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:32:14,580 --> 00:32:21,520
1115
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชูˆู‰ ุนู„ู‰ ุนุฏุฏ ู„ุงู†ู‡ุงุก ู…ู† ุงู„ directions ุจุณ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:32:21,520 --> 00:32:27,220
1119
+ ู„ูŠู‡ ู…ุด ุจุงุณู… ุงู„ูƒูŠูˆุจุŸ ุงูŠูˆุฉ ุงู‡ ุจุณ ุงู„ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:32:27,220 --> 00:32:31,840
1123
+ ุงู„ุณุทุญูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:32:31,840 --> 00:32:38,220
1127
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุตุญูŠุญ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒูŠูˆุจูƒ system ูู‚ุท
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:32:48,430 --> 00:32:53,850
1131
+ ููŠ ู…ุตุทู„ุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ planner packing fraction ููŠ ุงู„
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:32:53,850 --> 00:32:57,830
1135
+ planner density ุงู„ planner packing fraction ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:32:57,830 --> 00:33:03,270
1139
+ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูŠู‚ุทุน ุฏุฑุงุช ุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุนู†ุงุช ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ู…ุด ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:33:03,270 --> 00:33:10,850
1143
+ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ู…ุธู„ูˆุทุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุนูŠู†
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:33:10,850 --> 00:33:18,530
1147
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุนุงุฏ ุฏุฑุงุชู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ zero ููŠ ุงู„ FCC
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:33:18,530 --> 00:33:22,730
1151
+ ู‡ูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุงุทู… ุงู„ุถุฑุฑุงุช ุฌุงูŠุด ุฒู‡ูŠุฌ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:33:46,230 --> 00:33:49,030
1155
+ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดุบูˆู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:33:49,030 --> 00:33:54,990
1159
+ ู…ุดุบูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงู„ planner packing fraction ุงู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:33:54,990 --> 00:34:02,110
1163
+ planner packing fraction ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงูƒู…
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:34:02,110 --> 00:34:08,930
1167
+ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงุฑุจุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุฏุงุฆุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:34:08,930 --> 00:34:15,550
1171
+ ุงูƒู… by R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตุญุŸ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:34:18,040 --> 00:34:27,740
1175
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุญุชุฉ ุงู„ FCC ู‡ุฐู‡ A
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:34:27,740 --> 00:34:34,440
1179
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ A ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ A ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุจูŠุณุชูˆู‰ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงุฐุง
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:34:34,440 --> 00:34:40,280
1183
+ ูุงูƒุฑ ุงู†ุช ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู„ุงู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ R ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† R ูˆ R ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:34:40,280 --> 00:34:49,710
1187
+ R ุณุชุงุด ุณุชุงุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ Aุจุณุชูˆู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฌุฒุฑ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:34:49,710 --> 00:34:58,990
1191
+ ุงู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ R ูŠุนู†ู‰ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† by R square ุนู„ู‰
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:34:58,990 --> 00:35:08,370
1195
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ R square ูŠุนู†ู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† by ุนู„ู‰ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:35:16,560 --> 00:35:22,960
1199
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ planner packing fraction ุชุทู„ุน
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:35:22,960 --> 00:35:26,440
1203
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:35:26,440 --> 00:35:38,780
1207
+ ุนู„ู‰
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:35:38,780 --> 00:35:45,960
1211
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐุงู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุจุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู‡ ุนู„ู‰
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:35:45,960 --> 00:35:50,020
1215
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ crystal
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:35:50,020 --> 00:35:56,000
1219
+ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ FCC ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ุงุญุณุจ ุงู„ planner density ุงู„
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:35:56,000 --> 00:36:01,180
1223
+ planner density ู‡ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ area of plane
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:36:01,180 --> 00:36:09,860
1227
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูƒุงู… ุฐุฑู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุนู„ู‰
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:36:09,860 --> 00:36:10,740
1231
+ ุงู„ู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงุญุฉ
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:36:25,820 --> 00:36:35,160
1235
+ Atom of magnitude ุงู†ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุญุฌู… ุนู† ุญุฌู… ููŠ ุงู„ุงู†
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:36:35,160 --> 00:36:38,600
1239
+ ุจุญูƒูŠ ุงู†ุง ุนู† ุญุฌู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุถุฑุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฌู… ุงู„
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:36:38,600 --> 00:36:42,640
1243
+ unit cell ุงู„ linear density ุจุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุนุฏุฏ ุถุฑุฑุงุช ู„ูƒู„
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:36:42,640 --> 00:36:48,010
1247
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ planar densityุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุฏุฑุงุช ู„ูƒู„
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:36:48,010 --> 00:36:52,710
1251
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ packing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ planner packing
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:36:52,710 --> 00:36:59,790
1255
+ fraction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุฏุฑุงุช ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงุดูˆู
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:36:59,790 --> 00:37:04,630
1259
+ ู…ุซุงู„ how many atoms per millimeter square are
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:37:04,630 --> 00:37:11,510
1263
+ there on the one zero zero and one one one plane
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:37:11,510 --> 00:37:14,690
1267
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุญู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ุงู„ planner density
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:37:18,620 --> 00:37:27,000
1271
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู†ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:37:27,000 --> 00:37:31,900
1275
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู„ู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู† ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุจู†ุนูˆุฏ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:37:31,900 --> 00:37:39,860
1279
+ ุนู† ู‚ูŠู…ุฉ R ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃูƒู… ุถุฑุฑ ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:37:39,860 --> 00:37:40,540
1283
+ ูƒุงู†ุช R
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:37:44,010 --> 00:37:50,150
1287
+ .128 ู†ุงู†ูˆู…ุชุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:37:50,150 --> 00:37:58,730
1291
+ ุงู„ plan of density ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ point
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:37:58,730 --> 00:38:05,650
1295
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุงุต ู†ุงู‚ุต ุชุณุนุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:38:05,650 --> 00:38:06,770
1299
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ ู„ูŠู‡ุง
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:38:45,570 --> 00:38:50,470
1303
+ ุฃู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฏูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑ ุฃุณ ุชู…ุงู†ุชุงุดุฑ ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:38:50,470 --> 00:38:57,110
1307
+ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ุฑุจุน ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ุฑุจุนู„ูˆ ุจุฏู‰ ุงู†ุง ุงุญูƒูŠ ู„ูƒู„
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:38:57,110 --> 00:39:04,970
1311
+ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ ู…ุฑุจุน ุงุถุฑุจ ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุงูŠุด ุณุงู„ุณ ุณุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:39:04,970 --> 00:39:13,750
1315
+ ุณุจุนุฉ point ุณุชุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ุงุชู†ุงุด atom ู„ูƒู„ ู…ู„ูŠู…ุชุฑ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:39:13,750 --> 00:39:14,930
1319
+ ุชุฑุจุน
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:39:21,350 --> 00:39:29,470
1323
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฏู ู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ 1110 ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ 111 ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุตูˆู…ุฉ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:39:29,470 --> 00:39:39,550
1327
+ ุจุฑุง ููŠ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:39:39,550 --> 00:39:40,970
1331
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ 111
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:40:17,900 --> 00:40:25,920
1335
+ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุถุฑุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ุงุถุบุท ูˆ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:40:25,920 --> 00:40:32,360
1339
+ ุถุฑุน ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ูˆุฌู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู‡ุงูŠ
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:40:32,360 --> 00:40:36,340
1343
+ ุถุฑุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู† ุจุฏูŠ ุงุฎุฏ ุงู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ 1 1 1
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:40:36,340 --> 00:40:41,140
1347
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู‚ุงุทุน ู…ุน ุงู„ X ุจูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ Y ุจูˆุงุญุฏ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:40:55,180 --> 00:41:01,240
1351
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃุทู„ุน ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠุด ุฃูˆุทุงุฑ faces
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:41:01,240 --> 00:41:04,960
1355
+ head water face ูˆ head water face ูˆ head water
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:41:04,960 --> 00:41:08,260
1359
+ face ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุฏู‰ ุจุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฏู‰ ุจุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฏู‰ ู‡ุทู„ุนู‡ ุจุฑุง
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:41:08,260 --> 00:41:15,620
1363
+ ุงู„ูุงุณ ู‡ุฏู‰ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุฏุฑู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุตุญ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠู‡ ุฏุฑู‡ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:41:15,620 --> 00:41:19,140
1367
+ ููŠู‡ ุฏุฑู‡ ุตุญ ู‡ุทู„ุนู‡ุง ุจุฑุง
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:41:25,110 --> 00:41:38,530
1371
+ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุซู„ุซ ู…ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุฃุถู„ุงุน ุทูˆู„ ุถู„ุงู„ู‡ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ุŸ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:41:38,530 --> 00:41:43,550
1375
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ corner ููŠู‡ ุถุฑุฑ ูุธู‡ุฑ ูˆุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ face ููŠู‡
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:41:43,550 --> 00:41:43,930
1379
+ ุถุฑุฑ
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:42:23,770 --> 00:42:30,730
1383
+ ุฎุฏูˆุง ุงู„ touching ุจุณ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุงุฌู‡ุฏุด ู…ุนุงูŠุง ูˆุฑุง ุตุฑุงุญุฉ
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:42:30,730 --> 00:42:37,270
1387
+ ูƒุงู…
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:42:37,270 --> 00:42:43,210
1391
+ ุถุฑุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ planner density ุงูˆ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุงุญุณุจ ุงูˆู„ุง ุงู„
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:42:43,210 --> 00:42:47,110
1395
+ planner packing
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:42:47,110 --> 00:42:51,090
1399
+ fraction ุงูƒู… ุฏู‚ุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:42:54,410 --> 00:43:02,110
1403
+ ู†ุต .. ู†ุต .. ู†ุต .. ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู†ุต ูƒู… ุตุฏูˆุณ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุตุฏูˆุณ ูˆ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:43:02,110 --> 00:43:06,790
1407
+ ุตุฏูˆุณ ูˆ ุตุฏูˆุณ ุซุงู„ุซ ุฃุณุฏุงุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุต ุฒุงุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ู†ุต ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:43:06,790 --> 00:43:16,590
1411
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ by R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ุซุฉ ุฏู‡
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:43:16,590 --> 00:43:17,890
1415
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู†ุต
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:43:21,380 --> 00:43:31,740
1419
+ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ ูƒู„ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุงู„ู€ minus ุณุชูŠู†ุŒ ุตุญุŸ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:43:31,740 --> 00:43:37,980
1423
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:43:37,980 --> 00:43:51,780
1427
+ by R ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุชุญุช ู†ุต ููŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ ุชุฑุจูŠุนุŸSin ุณุชูŠู† ู‡ูˆ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:43:51,780 --> 00:43:58,000
1431
+ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุตุญุŸ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:43:58,000 --> 00:44:14,880
1435
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ุน ู†ุต ุงุฑุจุนุฉ by ู‚ุงุฑ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุนู„ู‰
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:44:14,880 --> 00:44:21,000
1439
+ ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉุงูŠู‡ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ FCH ูˆุงู„ุณุงูˆูŠุฉุŸ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:44:21,000 --> 00:44:27,780
1443
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฑ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุตุญุŸ ููŠ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฑ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:44:27,780 --> 00:44:32,900
1447
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุญูŠุฑูˆุญ ุงุฑ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ู…ุน ุงุฑ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ูˆุงุฑุจุน ู…ุน ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:44:32,900 --> 00:44:43,440
1451
+ ุจุตู ุจุงูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:45:17,430 --> 00:45:19,150
1455
+ ุงู†ุช ุชุฎู„ุทุด ู…ุน ุงู„ volume
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:45:27,940 --> 00:45:33,020
1459
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ planner packing fraction ุงู„ planner density
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:45:33,020 --> 00:45:37,240
1463
+ ูƒู…
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:45:37,240 --> 00:45:45,580
1467
+ ุถุฑุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:45:45,580 --> 00:45:54,300
1471
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุตุญ ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:45:54,300 --> 00:46:03,350
1475
+ ู†ุตู ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชุฑุจูŠุนุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:46:03,350 --> 00:46:11,390
1479
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงูŠู‡ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณูˆุงุก ุงุฑุจุน ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:46:11,390 --> 00:46:19,450
1483
+ ู„ูˆ ุฏู‡ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุฏู„ุงุช ุงุฑ ููŠ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฑ ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงุชุจุงุฑุฉ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:46:19,450 --> 00:46:22,070
1487
+ ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุงู„ุงู†ุญุงุณ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:46:23,700 --> 00:46:29,060
1491
+ ุงู„ู†ุตู ูƒุชุฑ ุฏุงุฑู‡ point one two eight nanometer ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:46:29,060 --> 00:46:40,180
1495
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุญุงุณ FCC ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌุฒุฑ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุงูŠ ุงู†ูุณูŠุฑ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:46:40,180 --> 00:46:43,340
1499
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:46:43,340 --> 00:46:51,350
1503
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฌุฒุฑ ุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉูู‰ ุงู„ R ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ point ูˆุงุญุฏ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:46:51,350 --> 00:46:58,090
1507
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูู‰ ุนุดุฑ ูˆ ุงุตู„ุงู‚ุณ ุชุณุนุฉ ู‡ูƒู…ุชุฑ ูู‰ ูƒู„
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:46:58,090 --> 00:47:01,710
1511
+ ุชุฑุจูŠุน ุงู„
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:47:01,710 --> 00:47:02,490
1515
+ R ูƒุงู… ุชุทู„ุนุŸ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:47:14,320 --> 00:47:16,300
1519
+ ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุฑุฏุช ูƒุงู† ุงูƒู… ุงู„ูƒุซุฑุฉ ูƒุงู†ุช ูˆุฑุฏุช
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:47:16,300 --> 00:47:23,700
1523
+ ุณุจุนุฉ point ุณุชุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑ ุนู‚ู„ ุณุชู…ุงุดุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ atom ู„ูƒู„
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:47:23,700 --> 00:47:32,400
1527
+ millimeter ู…ุฑุจุน ู‡ุฐุง ุงูƒู… ุชุทู„ุน ุงูŠูˆุฉ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:47:32,400 --> 00:47:36,540
1531
+ ุณุชุฉ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:47:36,540 --> 00:47:39,800
1535
+ ุงุชู…
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:47:41,730 --> 00:47:46,090
1539
+ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ุฑุจุน ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฃุชู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ุฑุจุน ุชุญุช ู…ู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:47:46,090 --> 00:47:52,870
1543
+ point ุณุจุนุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูุนุดุฑุฉ ุงุต ุชู„ุชุงุดุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ุงูƒุจุฑ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:47:52,870 --> 00:48:02,910
1547
+ ูƒุซุงูุฉ ู‡ูˆ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:48:02,910 --> 00:48:08,610
1551
+ ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุจุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงู‚ุณู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:48:16,710 --> 00:48:26,330
1555
+ ุงูƒุณุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ู‡ุฐุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:48:26,330 --> 00:48:32,910
1559
+ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูƒ .. ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุณุจุนุชุงุด .. ุณุจุนุชุงุด point ุณุชุฉ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:48:32,910 --> 00:48:41,820
1563
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจุนุฉ point ุณุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงุดูŠูุชู‚ูŠูŠู… ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:48:41,820 --> 00:48:46,440
1567
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ 1 1 1 ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุถุนู ูƒุซุงูุฉ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:48:46,440 --> 00:48:52,940
1571
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุนู„ู‰ 1 1 0 ุงูˆ ุงู„ 1 0 0 ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู…ุชูˆู‚ุน ุงู† ุงู„ู€
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:48:52,940 --> 00:48:57,240
1575
+ Plastic deformation ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ 1 1 ุฃุนู„ู‰ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู†
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:48:57,240 --> 00:49:01,940
1579
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆุงุช ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ slip ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ุฒู„ุงุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุณู„ุท
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:49:09,160 --> 00:49:16,240
1583
+ ุฃู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูุงุตู„ุฉ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:49:16,240 --> 00:49:19,160
1587
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ู…ุฑุดุญ ุงู† ุณูŠู† ุงู„ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุงุญุชู…ุงู„ูŠุชู‡ ุงุนู„ู‰
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:49:19,160 --> 00:49:27,820
1591
+ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุนุงุฆู„ุฉ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:49:27,820 --> 00:49:32,220
1595
+ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุตูุฑ ุตูุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ..
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:49:32,220 --> 00:49:36,790
1599
+ ู„ุฃ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฅุฐุง ูุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ plastic
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:49:36,790 --> 00:49:39,730
1603
+ deformation ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู‡ุณูŠ ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:49:39,730 --> 00:49:44,010
1607
+ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุช start with ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุชุงู„ูŠ
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:49:44,010 --> 00:49:48,870
1611
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‘ูŠ ูƒู„
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:49:48,870 --> 00:49:52,070
1615
+ ู…ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูƒุชุงูุฉ ุงู„ู†ุณูˆูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุฃุณู‡ู„
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:49:52,070 --> 00:49:59,390
1619
+ ุงู„ุขู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุชุญูƒู… ุจุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจุบุถ ู†ุธุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:49:59,390 --> 00:50:08,410
1623
+ ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุจุนูŠู‚ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจุนูŠู‚ุฃูˆ ุจุณู‡ู„ู‡ุง ุจุนูŠู‚ ุฃูˆ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:50:08,410 --> 00:50:12,210
1627
+ ุจุณู‡ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ุฒู„ุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุนูŠู‚ ุฃูˆ ุจุณู‡ู„ู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:50:12,210 --> 00:50:17,370
1631
+ course ูƒู„ู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฎู„ุตุช ุงู„ู…ู‡ุงุฑุงุช ุฃุนุทูŠูƒูˆุง
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:50:17,370 --> 00:50:17,630
1635
+ ุงู„ุนููˆ
1636
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbBCceOozNtoSQCtYlAhMQo/yPlYrmz9PTk.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2311 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:05,430 --> 00:00:08,310
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:08,310 --> 00:00:14,390
7
+ ุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ hand-dust ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:14,390 --> 00:00:17,690
11
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ crystal structures ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:17,690 --> 00:00:21,370
15
+ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ crystal structures ุงู„ู€ cubic
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:21,370 --> 00:00:24,330
19
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ cubic ุนู†ุฏูŠ body-centered cubic ูˆ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:24,330 --> 00:00:27,960
23
+ face-centered cubic ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ hexagonal closed
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:27,960 --> 00:00:33,180
27
+ packed ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ points ุงู„ู€ directions ุงู„ู€ planes
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:33,180 --> 00:00:38,240
31
+ ูˆูƒูŠู ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู€ X-ray diffraction ุนุดุงู† ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:38,240 --> 00:00:42,580
35
+ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุณูˆุงุก ู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ู†ุชุนุฑู
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:42,580 --> 00:00:45,600
39
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง reflection ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:45,600 --> 00:00:50,120
43
+ ุฃู† ู†ู‚ุต ู‚ุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุดุนุฉ ุณูŠู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุญู„ู†ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:50,120 --> 00:00:53,600
47
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ูˆุนู…ู„ู†ุง excel sheet ู„ู„ู€ X-ray diffraction
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:55,080 --> 00:01:00,580
51
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† imperfections in solids ุงู„ุขู†
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:00,580 --> 00:01:08,600
55
+ perfect ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ูƒู…ุงู„ ุตุญ possible ู…ู…ูƒู† impossible
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:09,560 --> 00:01:13,740
59
+ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูู€ imperfections ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุด ู…ูŠุฉ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:13,740 --> 00:01:17,640
63
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ู…ุตููˆูุฉุŒ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุฎู„ู„ ุฃูˆ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:17,640 --> 00:01:21,440
67
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฅูŠุด some imperfections ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:21,440 --> 00:01:25,400
71
+ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ imperfections ุงู„ู€ imperfections
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:25,400 --> 00:01:29,680
75
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุด ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:29,680 --> 00:01:33,670
79
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุจุชู‚ุนู„ู‡ ุดูˆุงุฆุจ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:33,670 --> 00:01:38,810
83
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ ูˆุจุชุฌู…ุฏ ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู†
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:38,810 --> 00:01:43,130
87
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ู…ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุฌูˆุฉ ุงู„ุจูˆุชู‚ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:43,130 --> 00:01:49,850
91
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑุงู† ุงู„ุขู†
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:49,850 --> 00:01:52,650
95
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ูู‚ุงุนุงุช ู‡ูˆุงุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฃู†
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:52,650 --> 00:01:58,530
99
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุนุฏู… ูƒู…ุงู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุนุฏู… ูƒู…ุงู„ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู„ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู„ ู‡ูˆ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:58,530 --> 00:02:04,460
103
+ ุดูŠุก ุณูŠุกุŸ ู„ุฃ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู„ ููŠ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:04,460 --> 00:02:10,060
107
+ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุจุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ why ู„ูŠุด ุจู†ุฏุฑุณ ุนุฏู…
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:10,060 --> 00:02:14,680
111
+ ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:14,680 --> 00:02:22,930
115
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุณุจุจ ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ู„ุฃ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:22,930 --> 00:02:26,750
119
+ ู†ุญูƒูŠ crystalline defectุŒ defect ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุŒ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:26,750 --> 00:02:30,230
123
+ ุฎู„ู„ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ lattice
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:30,230 --> 00:02:35,490
127
+ irregularity having one or more of its dimensions
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:35,490 --> 00:02:37,790
131
+ in the order of an atomic diameterุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:37,790 --> 00:02:42,010
135
+ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉ ู†ุธุฑูŠุงู‹
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:42,010 --> 00:02:47,470
139
+ ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ู†ุธุฑูŠุงู‹ ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:47,470 --> 00:02:53,080
143
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุฐุฑุฉ ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุฉ ุฐุฑุฉ ู…ุญุดูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ููŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:53,080 --> 00:02:57,320
147
+ ุดูˆุงุฆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:57,320 --> 00:03:04,020
151
+ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู†
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:04,020 --> 00:03:10,740
155
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุตู†ู ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ูˆู„ุง
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:10,740 --> 00:03:17,020
159
+ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ู„ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ dimension ุชุจุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู†
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:17,020 --> 00:03:22,920
163
+ ุงู„ู€ imperfections ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ู†ู‚ุทูŠ point defects ุฃูˆ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:22,920 --> 00:03:25,760
167
+ ุฎู„ู„ ุฎุทูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ line defects ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:25,760 --> 00:03:29,800
171
+ dislocations ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ู„ ุณุทุญูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ solid defects ุฃูˆ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:29,800 --> 00:03:38,780
175
+ surface defects ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ point defects ุงู„ู€
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:38,780 --> 00:03:43,110
179
+ point defects ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฏูŠ localized
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:43,110 --> 00:03:46,570
183
+ disruptions in an otherwise perfect atomic or
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:46,570 --> 00:03:49,910
187
+ ionic arrangement of a crystal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:49,910 --> 00:03:56,270
191
+ ุนุฏู… ุงู†ุชุธุงู… ุฃูˆ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ู…ุง ุฃูˆ ุดูŠุก ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏ ุฃูˆ ุดูŠุก ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:56,270 --> 00:04:00,170
195
+ ุฃูˆ ุดูŠุก ู…ุญุดูˆุฑ in an otherwise perfect ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:00,170 --> 00:04:02,850
199
+ ู†ุธุฑูŠุงู‹ ุชูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠุด perfect ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุตููˆูุฉ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:02,850 --> 00:04:09,730
203
+ 100% ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ imperfections ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:10,580 --> 00:04:16,160
207
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุฃุฎุฏ ุทุงู‚ุฉ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:16,160 --> 00:04:21,140
211
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุฃุฎุฐุช ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุฅู…ุง ุจุงู„ุชุณุฎูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:21,140 --> 00:04:29,260
215
+ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฌูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฆุจ ุจุดูƒู„ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:29,260 --> 00:04:33,860
219
+ doping ุงู„ู€ doping ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุญุท ุดูˆุงุฆุจ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:33,860 --> 00:04:37,940
223
+ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู…ุญุณูˆุจุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎูˆุงุต ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:37,940 --> 00:04:38,600
227
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ doping
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:41,860 --> 00:04:47,640
231
+ ุงู„ู€ impurities ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฆุจ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:47,640 --> 00:04:52,340
235
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฌุงู‡ุฒุฉ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฅู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:52,340 --> 00:04:56,080
239
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู… ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:56,080 --> 00:05:01,530
243
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ุดูˆุงุฆุจุŸ ุฃู†ุง ู…ุงููŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:01,530 --> 00:05:06,870
247
+ dopants ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุฃูˆ ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุถูŠูู‡ุง ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒุงุช
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:06,870 --> 00:05:11,370
251
+ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ micro structure ุจู‡ุฏู
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:11,370 --> 00:05:18,850
255
+ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎูˆุงุต ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ dopants ุงู„ู€
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:18,850 --> 00:05:24,090
259
+ carbon steel ุฅุฒุงูŠ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:24,090 --> 00:05:28,570
263
+ ุฃุถูŠู ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ ุฃูˆ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:28,570 --> 00:05:36,370
267
+ ุฃุดุจุงู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุตู„ุงุช ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุตู„ ู„ุฃู† ุฃุถูŠู
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:36,370 --> 00:05:40,310
271
+ ู„ู‡ ูุณููˆุฑ ุฃูˆ ุจุฑูˆู† ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุฃูˆ ุฌุฑู…ุงู†ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠูˆุตู„ ุจุฏุฑุฌุฉ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:40,310 --> 00:05:45,610
275
+ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุจุชุญูƒู… ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃุถูŠูู‡ุง
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:45,610 --> 00:05:49,610
279
+ ุฃูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุณููˆุฑ ุฃูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู† ุฃูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฑู…ุงู†ูŠูˆู…
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:49,610 --> 00:05:52,630
283
+ ุงู„
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:52,630 --> 00:05:58,760
287
+ point defects ููŠ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ vacancy vacancy
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:58,760 --> 00:06:03,760
291
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุฑุงุบ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฐุฑุฉ ููŠ ุชุตููŠุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู„ูƒู†
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:03,760 --> 00:06:07,300
295
+ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฐุฑุฉ ุฐุฑุฉ ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฅูŠุด ูุฑุงุบ ููŠ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:07,300 --> 00:06:13,740
299
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ vacancy ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ self-interstitial self
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:13,740 --> 00:06:17,700
303
+ -interstitial ุฃู† ููŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ู…ุญุดูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:17,700 --> 00:06:21,220
307
+ ู…ุญุดูˆุฑุฉ ุญุดุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงุณู…ู‡ุง self
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:21,220 --> 00:06:27,420
311
+ -interstitial ู…ุญุดูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ูุฑุงุบ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:27,420 --> 00:06:31,240
315
+ ุงู„ุชุงุจุน ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:31,240 --> 00:06:32,420
319
+ substitutional
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:34,500 --> 00:06:39,100
323
+ substitutional defect ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฃุณุชุจุฏู„ ุฐุฑุฉ ุจุฃุฎุฑู‰ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:39,100 --> 00:06:43,720
327
+ ุฃุถูุช ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ุจุณ ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ ุชุณุชุจุฏู„
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:43,720 --> 00:06:46,880
331
+ ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ุชุฃุฎุฐ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ู‰
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:46,880 --> 00:06:53,900
335
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ defect ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ defect
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:53,900 --> 00:06:59,520
339
+ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ู„ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ interstitial foreign atom
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:02,840 --> 00:07:06,380
343
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฃุณุชุจุฏู„ุด ุฐุฑุฉ ุจุณ ุจุดูˆู ุฅู† ููŠ ูุฑุงุบ ูˆุจุชู†ุญุดุฑ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:06,380 --> 00:07:09,060
347
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฐุฑุฉ ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ carbon ู…ุน
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:09,060 --> 00:07:13,580
351
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู†ุตู ู‚ุทุฑ ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€ .. ู…ูŠู† ุฃูƒุจุฑุŸ ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุฃูˆ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:13,580 --> 00:07:20,930
355
+ ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูุฑุงุบ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:20,930 --> 00:07:24,850
359
+ ุฃู† ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุญุถูˆุฑู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† BCC body centered cubic ุงู„ู€
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:24,850 --> 00:07:28,910
363
+ body centered cubic ุงู„ู€ atomic packing factor ู„ู‡ 68
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:28,910 --> 00:07:34,350
367
+ % ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ 22% ูุฑุงุบุงุช ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ููŠ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:34,350 --> 00:07:37,850
371
+ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ุฏูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ุฃู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูŠู†ุญุดุฑ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:37,850 --> 00:07:43,270
375
+ ูˆุงุณุน ู„ู‡ 100% ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู…ู„ distortion ุนุดุงู† ูŠู†ุญุดุฑ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:43,270 --> 00:07:44,270
379
+ ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:47,790 --> 00:07:53,850
383
+ ููŠ ูุฑู†ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:53,850 --> 00:07:59,050
387
+ ุฃูŠูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ูุณู‡ุง ุฌู‡ุฏ ุฃูŠูˆู† ุณุงู„ุจ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:59,050 --> 00:08:02,630
391
+ ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃูŠูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆู‡ูˆ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:02,630 --> 00:08:08,410
395
+ ุงู„ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅูŠุด ูุฑู†ูƒู„ ููŠ ุดูˆูƒุชูƒูŠ defect
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:08,410 --> 00:08:13,530
399
+ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃูŠูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆู‡ูŠู† ุฃูŠูˆู†
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:13,530 --> 00:08:17,430
403
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ุณุงู„ุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃูŠูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุจ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ ุฃูŠูˆู†
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:17,430 --> 00:08:21,790
407
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ schottky defect ุฅุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:21,790 --> 00:08:25,790
411
+ course ุจุชุงุนู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ vacancy point defect ูˆ ุงู„ู€ self
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:25,790 --> 00:08:28,590
415
+ -interstitial point defect ูˆ ุงู„ู€ substitutional
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:28,590 --> 00:08:31,270
419
+ point defect ูˆ ุงู„ู€ interstitial point defect ู‡ุฏูˆู„
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:31,270 --> 00:08:32,850
423
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุชู…ูŠ ููŠู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ course ู‡ุฐุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:40,460 --> 00:08:45,980
427
+ ุงู„ู€ vacancies and self-interstitials ุงู„ู€ vacancies
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:45,980 --> 00:08:52,740
431
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠูˆู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุŒ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:52,740 --> 00:08:58,520
435
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุฐุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุฉ ูุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅูŠุด
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:58,520 --> 00:09:03,000
439
+ ูุฑุงุบุฉ vacancy ุฃูˆ self-interstitial ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:03,000 --> 00:09:06,380
443
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ุนูŠู† ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนุงู‹ ุญุดุฑุช ููŠ ูุฑุงุบุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:06,380 --> 00:09:08,620
447
+ self-interstitial ู„ูŠุด ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง self-interstitial ู„ุฃู†ู‡
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:08,620 --> 00:09:16,240
451
+ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู†ุญุงุณ ุทุจุนุงู‹
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:16,240 --> 00:09:18,740
455
+ ุงู„ู€ vacancy point defects ุฃูˆ self-interstitial
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:18,740 --> 00:09:23,560
459
+ point defects ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุฏ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:23,560 --> 00:09:25,340
463
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:30,340 --> 00:09:37,120
467
+ ุงู„ุขู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:37,120 --> 00:09:41,020
471
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุขู† V ุจุชูˆุชุฑ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ N exponential minus
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:41,020 --> 00:09:45,480
475
+ QV ุนู„ู‰ K ููŠ T ุงู„ุขู† V ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ total number of
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:45,480 --> 00:09:49,180
479
+ vacancies per cubic centimeter ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุขู† V ุนุฏุฏ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:49,180 --> 00:09:54,520
483
+ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ุณู†ุชูŠู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุนุฏุฏ ุฐุฑุงุช
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:54,520 --> 00:10:00,850
487
+ ููŠ ุฅูŠุด ู„ูƒู„ ุณู†ุชูŠู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจุŸ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ N ุชูุนุทู‰ ุจุงู„ู€ N A ููŠ ุฑูˆ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:00,850 --> 00:10:09,450
491
+ ุนู„ู‰ A ุงู„ู€ N A ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠุŸ ุนุฏุฏ Avogadro ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ุฅูŠุด
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:09,450 --> 00:10:16,150
495
+ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ ุฑูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ density ุฌุฑุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณู†ุชูŠ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:16,150 --> 00:10:21,750
499
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ุงู„ู€ A ู„ูˆุฒู† ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:21,750 --> 00:10:28,210
503
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃุชู… per cubic centimeterุงู„ู€ QV ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:28,210 --> 00:10:31,630
507
+ energy required for formation of vacancy ุนุดุงู† ุชุตูŠุฑ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:31,630 --> 00:10:37,270
511
+ ููŠ vacancyุŒ ุงู„ู€ vacancy ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ุทุงู‚ุฉุŒ ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ุทุงู‚ุฉ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:37,270 --> 00:10:43,610
515
+ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ QV ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ energy to form a vacancy ุงู„ู€ K
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:43,610 --> 00:10:44,650
519
+ ุงู„ู€ gas constant
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:47,190 --> 00:10:51,930
523
+ ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:51,930 --> 00:10:54,690
527
+ ุฌูˆู„ ู„ูƒู„ ุฃุชู… ู„ูƒู„ Kelvin ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ one point
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:54,690 --> 00:10:57,930
531
+ three eight ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:57,930 --> 00:11:02,170
535
+ ุงู„ู€ K ูˆุญุฏุฉ electron volt ู„ูƒู„ ุฃุชู… ู„ูƒู„ Kelvin ุจุชูƒูˆู†
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:02,170 --> 00:11:05,850
539
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ 8.162 ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุฎู…ุณุฉ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:05,850 --> 00:11:10,230
543
+ electron volt ู„ูƒู„ ุฃุชู… ู„ูƒู„ Kelvin ุทุจ ุงู„ู€ T ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:10,230 --> 00:11:12,270
547
+ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ K ุจุงู„ู€ Kelvin ุงู„ู…ุทู„ู‚
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:16,080 --> 00:11:20,560
551
+ ู„ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุนุงุฏู† ุนู†ุฏ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:20,560 --> 00:11:26,080
555
+ melting point ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ู€ ratio ุงู„ู€ N V ุนู„ู‰ N
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:26,080 --> 00:11:30,000
559
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ู„ุนุฏุฏ ุฐุฑุงุช ูƒู„ ุนุดุฑ ุขู„ุงู ู†ุงู‚ุต
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:30,000 --> 00:11:34,840
563
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูƒู„ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุขู„ุงู ุฐุฑุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูุฑุงุบ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:34,840 --> 00:11:42,720
567
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูƒู„ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุขู„ุงู ุฐุฑุฉ ููŠ ูุฑุงุบ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:42,720 --> 00:11:44,360
571
+ ู†ุญู‘ู„ ู…ุซุงู„
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:50,960 --> 00:11:55,100
575
+ Calculate the equilibrium number of vacancies per
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:55,100 --> 00:11:58,820
579
+ cubic meter for copper at 1000 degrees ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุนู†ุฏูŠ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:58,820 --> 00:12:09,580
583
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุญุงุณุจ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฃู„ู ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุฆูˆูŠุฉ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:09,580 --> 00:12:13,240
587
+ The
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:13,240 --> 00:12:15,160
591
+ energy for vacancy formation
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:22,050 --> 00:12:26,970
595
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ 0.9 electron
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:26,970 --> 00:12:38,070
599
+ volt ู„ูƒู„ atom the
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:38,070 --> 00:12:40,710
603
+ atomic weight and density at 1000 degrees
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:40,710 --> 00:12:43,670
607
+ for copper are 63.5 ุฌุฑุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ ูˆ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:43,670 --> 00:12:48,410
611
+ ูƒุซุงูุชู‡ 8.4 ุฌุฑุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณู†ุชูŠู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:48,410 --> 00:12:49,510
615
+ atomic weight ุงู„ู€ a
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:53,430 --> 00:13:03,290
619
+ 63.5 ุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู€
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:03,290 --> 00:13:18,050
623
+ density ุงู„ู€ ฯ 8.4 ุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:18,050 --> 00:13:26,630
627
+ ุงู„ุณู†ุชูŠู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ุงู„ู€ Nv ุจุฏู‡ ุงู„ู€ Nvุงู„ู€ Nv ุจุชุญุณุจ ุจุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุฅูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู†
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:26,630 --> 00:13:29,850
631
+ exponential
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:29,850 --> 00:13:33,490
635
+ minus
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:33,490 --> 00:13:46,630
639
+ QV ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ K T ุงู„ู€
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:46,630 --> 00:13:52,840
643
+ ... ุงู„ู€ ... ุงู„ู€ QVู…ุนุทูŠู†ูŠู‡ุง ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ Kelvin ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:52,840 --> 00:14:00,000
647
+ ุฃู„ู ูˆู…ุงุฆุชูŠู† ูˆุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† .15 Kelvin
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:09,140
651
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ temperature ูˆ ุงู„ู€ K ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:09,140 --> 00:14:17,200
655
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช ุงู„ู€ K ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† 8.62
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:22,340 --> 00:14:28,040
659
+ ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ุณุงู„ุจ ุฎู…ุณุฉ electron
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:28,040 --> 00:14:38,560
663
+ volt ู„ูƒู„ atom ู„ูƒู„ Kelvin ู†ุนู…
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:38,560 --> 00:14:46,180
667
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:46,180 --> 00:14:49,560
671
+ ุฃุชุฃูƒุฏ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช ุณู‡ู„ ุฃุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:53,800 --> 00:15:07,700
675
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุขู† ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุฐุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ฯ ุงู„ู€ atomic
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:15:07,700 --> 00:15:16,980
679
+ ูƒูˆูŠุช ุนุฏุฏ ุฐุฑุงุช ุฅูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ 6.022 ร— 10^23
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:15:16,980 --> 00:15:20,820
683
+ ุฃุชู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:15:23,750 --> 00:15:27,970
687
+ atomic weight
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:15:27,970 --> 00:15:32,190
691
+ 8
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:15:32,190 --> 00:15:45,210
695
+ .4 ุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ู„ูƒู„ ุณู†ุชูŠู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ูˆ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:15:45,210 --> 00:15:50,770
699
+ ุงู„ู€ atomic weight 63.5
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:15:54,720 --> 00:16:03,880
703
+ ุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:16:03,880 --> 00:16:09,240
707
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุฌุฑุงู… ู…ูˆู„ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ุน ู…ูˆู„ ูˆ gram ู…ุน gram
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:16:09,240 --> 00:16:20,320
711
+ ุจุชุตููŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุจุณู†ุชูŠู…ุชุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:16:20,320 --> 00:16:20,740
715
+ ู‡ูˆ atom
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:16:26,660 --> 00:16:34,240
719
+ ู„ูƒู„ ุณู†ุชูŠู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ุฃูƒู…ู„ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:16:34,240 --> 00:16:38,100
723
+ 872
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:16:38,100 --> 00:16:47,480
727
+ ูˆ96 ูˆ96 ูˆ1
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:16:47,480 --> 00:16:48,500
731
+ ูˆ4 ร— 10^20
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:16:54,510 --> 00:17:01,830
735
+ ุทูŠุจ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุขู† Nv ุงู„ุขู†
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:17:01,830 --> 00:17:08,710
739
+ Nv ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ 872
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:17:08,710 --> 00:17:11,990
743
+ ูˆ96
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:17:11,990 --> 00:17:17,230
747
+ ูˆ16 ูˆ8
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:17:17,230 --> 00:17:30,100
751
+ ร— 10^20 ุฃุชู… ู„ูƒู„ ุณู†ุชูŠู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ exponential ู„ู€
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:17:30,100 --> 00:17:37,620
755
+ minus QV ุงู„ู„ูŠ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:17:37,620 --> 00:17:46,580
759
+ ู‡ูŠ 0.9 electron volt ู„ูƒู„
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:17:46,580 --> 00:17:52,120
763
+ atom ููŠ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:17:52,120 --> 00:17:52,460
767
+ Kelvin
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:17:57,660 --> 00:18:06,760
771
+ ุนู„ู‰ K ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ 8.62
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:18:06,760 --> 00:18:14,500
775
+ electron volt ู„ูƒู„
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:18:14,500 --> 00:18:19,940
779
+ atom ู„ูƒู„
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:18:19,940 --> 00:18:20,500
783
+ Kelvin
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:18:25,820 --> 00:18:31,700
787
+ ููŠู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฏูŠ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:18:31,700 --> 00:18:40,680
791
+ ู„ูƒูŠูˆ ุนู„ู‰
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:18:40,680 --> 00:18:47,960
795
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:18:47,960 --> 00:18:53,120
799
+ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฃู„ู ูˆู…ุงุฆุชูŠู†
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:18:53,120 --> 00:19:05,690
803
+ ูˆุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุณุจุนูŠู† .15 Kelvin ู‡ุชุฑูˆุญ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:19:05,690 --> 00:19:08,770
807
+ atom ู…ุน atom Kelvin ู…ุน Kelvin ูˆ electron volt ู…ุน
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:19:08,770 --> 00:19:20,490
811
+ electron volt ููƒุฑุฉ ุฏูŠ ุชุตุญู‰ ูƒู… ุชุทู„ุน ุชูุณุฑ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:19:20,490 --> 00:19:21,050
815
+ ูุงุตู„ุฉ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:19:29,740 --> 00:19:35,560
819
+ ู„ุฃ ุบู„ุท ุฅูŠู‡ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ุณุงู„ุจ ุฎู…ุณุฉุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุนุฏุฏ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:19:35,560 --> 00:19:40,460
823
+ ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠ cancel ุฅูŠู‡ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ุณุงู„ุจ ุฎู…ุณุฉุŸ ู†ุนู… 8.62
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:19:40,460 --> 00:19:50,540
827
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ุณุงู„ุจ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู‡ุฐูŠุŸ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ุณุงู„ุจ ุฎู…ุณุฉ 2.18 ุนุดุฑุฉ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:19:50,540 --> 00:19:52,640
831
+ ุฃุณ ุณุงู„ุจ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูƒู… ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŸ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:20:01,710 --> 00:20:08,330
835
+ vacancy ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:20:08,330 --> 00:20:16,210
839
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ูƒู…ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ุชูƒูˆู† 2.
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:20:16,210 --> 00:20:22,850
843
+ 18 ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ุชุณุนุฉ ุนุดุฑ ููŠ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:20:22,850 --> 00:20:26,430
847
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ุชุณุนุฉ ุตุญุŸ ุฃูˆ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ุณุชุฉ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:20:29,750 --> 00:20:36,750
851
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ vacancy ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุณู†ุชูŠู…ุชุฑ .. ุงู„ู…ุชุฑ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:20:36,750 --> 00:20:42,710
855
+ ุณู†ุชูŠู…ุชุฑ ูู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ุณุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† 2.1
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:20:42,710 --> 00:20:46,450
859
+ ุชู…ุงู…ู‹ุง ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† vacancy ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:20:46,450 --> 00:20:47,050
863
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:20:59,940 --> 00:21:09,200
867
+ ููŠ ุฃูŠ ุณุคุงู„ุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุทูŠุจ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:21:09,200 --> 00:21:16,460
871
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุณูŠุท ู„ูˆ ุถูุช ุณูƒุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:21:16,460 --> 00:21:25,820
875
+ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุญุฑูƒุช ู‡ุชุฐูˆุจ ุตุญุŸ ู„ูˆ ูƒุชุฑุชู‡ ู‡ุชุฐูˆุจ ุญุตู„ ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:21:25,820 --> 00:21:31,000
879
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู‡ูŠุฏูˆุจ ูˆุฌุฒุก
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:21:31,000 --> 00:21:34,620
883
+ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฑุงุณุจ ุงู„ุฑุงุณุจ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:21:34,620 --> 00:21:39,540
887
+ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ solution ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ู„ู…ุง ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:21:39,540 --> 00:21:42,500
891
+ ูƒุชุฑุช ูƒุซูŠุฑ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ second phase ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:21:42,500 --> 00:21:53,080
895
+ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุณูƒุฑูŠ ูˆุณูƒุฑ ุตู„ุจ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุถูุช ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:21:57,470 --> 00:22:06,630
899
+ ุฑู…ู„ู‹ุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุฑู…ู„ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠุฏูˆุจุŸ ุฃูŠู‡ ู„ุฃ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุชูƒูˆู†
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:22:06,630 --> 00:22:11,790
903
+ ุฃูˆ ุนุฏู… ุชูƒูˆู† second phase ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุฃูˆ second
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:22:11,790 --> 00:22:16,530
907
+ phase ุจูŠุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุดุงุฆุจ ุงู„ู€ impurity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:22:16,530 --> 00:22:22,350
911
+ ุบูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุฑู…ู„ ุบูŠุฑ ุนู† ุดูŠุก ุซุงู†ูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:22:22,350 --> 00:22:25,690
915
+ ุฅุฐุง ุญุทูŠุช ุณูƒุฑ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ุง ุฃู‚ุฏุฑุด ุฃุฐูˆุจ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:22:25,690 --> 00:22:29,830
919
+ ุฅูŠุด second phase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ concentration ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:22:29,830 --> 00:22:32,530
923
+ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆุชูƒูˆู† second phase ูˆ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:22:32,530 --> 00:22:38,770
927
+ ุณุฎู†ุช ุจุฏูˆุจ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู€
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:22:38,770 --> 00:22:42,230
931
+ addition of impurity to metals ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ solid
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:22:42,230 --> 00:22:47,750
935
+ solution and/or second phase ุงุนุชุจุงุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ู€
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:22:47,750 --> 00:22:56,640
939
+ impurityุณูƒุฑ ู…ู„ุญ ุฑู…ู„ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:22:56,640 --> 00:23:01,060
943
+ concentration ูˆุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ุง ูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:23:01,060 --> 00:23:04,680
947
+ ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ ูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆูŠู†
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:23:04,680 --> 00:23:13,260
951
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ solid solution ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุตู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ุฐุงุจ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:23:13,260 --> 00:23:16,660
955
+ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ solvent ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฐูŠุจ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:23:18,110 --> 00:23:21,570
959
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฐูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ solvent ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฐูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุถุงู
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:23:21,570 --> 00:23:26,390
963
+ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุน ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุฃูˆ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:23:26,390 --> 00:23:31,430
967
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุฐูŠุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ solvent ุงู„ู€ solute ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:23:31,430 --> 00:23:36,010
971
+ element ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ compound ุจุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:23:36,010 --> 00:23:39,370
975
+ ุงู„ู…ุฐุงุจ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุญ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:23:39,370 --> 00:23:45,210
979
+ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูููŠู† ุฏูŠ solvent ูˆ solute ู…ุฐุงุจ ูˆ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:23:45,210 --> 00:23:45,650
983
+ ู…ุฐูŠุจ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:23:51,770 --> 00:23:53,730
987
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ solid solution ุงู„ู€ solid
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:23:53,730 --> 00:23:59,790
991
+ solution ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุตู„ุจ as ุชุชูˆูุฑ ุงู„ุดุฑูˆุท ุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:23:59,790 --> 00:24:05,290
995
+ solid atoms are added to host material ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:24:05,290 --> 00:24:10,510
999
+ ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฐุงุจ ุชู… ุฅุถุงูุชู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู… ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู†
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:24:10,510 --> 00:24:14,850
1003
+ ุฅุถุงูู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ the crystal structure is maintained
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:24:14,850 --> 00:24:19,330
1007
+ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู… ู…ุง ุชุบูŠุฑุด
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:24:19,330 --> 00:24:21,470
1011
+ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุธู„ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ูƒุงู†
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:24:21,470 --> 00:24:25,150
1015
+ BCC ุธู„ูˆุง BCC ูƒุงู† FCC ุธู„ูˆุง FCC ูƒุงู† HCP ุธู„ูˆุง HCP
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:24:25,150 --> 00:24:30,470
1019
+ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ no new structures are formed ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุด
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:24:30,470 --> 00:24:35,510
1023
+ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ุชูุงุนู„ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†ุช ุฃูŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:24:35,510 --> 00:24:40,290
1027
+ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ ุฅู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุตู„ุจ ุฅุฐุง ุถูุช
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:24:40,290 --> 00:24:45,770
1031
+ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุตู„ุจุฉ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฐุงุจ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:24:47,120 --> 00:24:49,680
1035
+ ูˆ ุญุงูุธุช ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ูˆ ู…ุง ุชุบูŠุฑุด ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:24:49,680 --> 00:24:54,420
1039
+ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ูˆ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ุชูุงุนู„ ูˆ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ new structure ููŠ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:24:54,420 --> 00:25:07,300
1043
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุจูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุจุญูƒูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏูŠ solid solution ู„ุฃ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:25:07,300 --> 00:25:16,390
1047
+ ู„ุฃ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ carbon ู„ู…ุง ู†ุถูŠูู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุถุบุท
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:25:16,390 --> 00:25:21,310
1051
+ ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุจุชุนู…ู„ interstitial point defect ุถุบุท ูƒุฑุจูˆู†
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:25:21,310 --> 00:25:24,790
1055
+ ุจุชู„ุญุด .. ุจุชู„ุญุดุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ crystal ุงู„
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:25:24,790 --> 00:25:26,890
1059
+ structure ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูุถู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ Fe
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:25:26,890 --> 00:25:32,750
1063
+ ุณูŠ ุณูŠ ู…ุง ุชุบูŠุฑ ู„ู„ Fe ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู… ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:25:35,980 --> 00:25:38,700
1067
+ solid solution is compositionally homogeneous ู…ู†
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:25:38,700 --> 00:25:43,160
1071
+ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจูŠุฉ ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฎุฏ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู†
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:25:43,160 --> 00:25:45,880
1075
+ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุฃูุญุต ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู†ูุณ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:25:45,880 --> 00:25:49,140
1079
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠุด compositionally
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:25:49,140 --> 00:25:54,340
1083
+ homogeneous ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:25:56,230 --> 00:25:59,990
1087
+ ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ impurity atoms are randomly and
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:25:59,990 --> 00:26:02,750
1091
+ uniformly dispersed within the solid ุงู„ุขู† ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:26:02,750 --> 00:26:06,970
1095
+ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฆุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ูˆุฒุนุฉ ูˆ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:26:06,970 --> 00:26:10,930
1099
+ ูˆูŠู† ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูˆ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒู…ุงู† uniform ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:26:10,930 --> 00:26:23,490
1103
+ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ู†ุชุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุขู†
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:26:23,490 --> 00:26:30,810
1107
+ ููŠ substitutional solid defects ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:26:30,810 --> 00:26:33,310
1111
+ substitution ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณุจุณุชูŠูˆุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุจุฏู„ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุจูŠุญู„
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:26:33,310 --> 00:26:39,610
1115
+ ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุจุณูŠุท ู„ู…ุง ุฐุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู… ูŠุชู…
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:26:39,610 --> 00:26:42,310
1119
+ ุงุณุชุจุฏุงู„ู‡ุง ุจุฐุฑู‘ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:26:42,310 --> 00:26:45,610
1123
+ ู‡ูŠ ุฃูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุฐุงุจ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ substitutional solid
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:26:45,610 --> 00:26:49,930
1127
+ solution can be introduced either as an impurity
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:26:49,930 --> 00:26:53,730
1131
+ or as a deliberate addition ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุตุงุฑ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:26:53,730 --> 00:27:01,170
1135
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ ู„ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฃู… ุจุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฎูŠู„ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:27:01,170 --> 00:27:07,570
1139
+ ุฅู†ู‡ุง impurity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดุงุฆุจุฉ ู…ู† ุบุตุจ ุงู„ุนูŠู† ุดุงุฆุจุฉ ุฎู„ุงู„
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:27:07,570 --> 00:27:12,170
1143
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุนุฏูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุฃูˆ ุฃู†ุง ุถูุชู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:27:12,170 --> 00:27:16,430
1147
+ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃุถูŠู ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:27:16,430 --> 00:27:21,030
1151
+ number of defects ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ substitution of solid
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:27:21,030 --> 00:27:26,420
1155
+ solution ู†ุณุจูŠุง ู…ุง ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ูˆู„ูƒู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:27:26,420 --> 00:27:33,800
1159
+ ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุจุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุจุชุฃุซุฑุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ุซุงู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:27:33,800 --> 00:27:37,680
1163
+ ุงู„ doping ุฒูŠ ุงู„ููˆุณููˆุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจูˆุฑูˆู† ู„ู…ุง ู†ุถูŠูู‡ ู„ู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูƒูˆู†
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:27:37,680 --> 00:27:42,080
1167
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุฃูŠุด semiconductor ุฃูˆ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:27:42,080 --> 00:27:45,400
1171
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุถูŠู ู†ุญุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ ู„ู„ู†ุญุงุณ ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:27:45,400 --> 00:27:49,960
1175
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ ุจุช๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฌูŠ ู…ุญู„ ุฐุฑุงุช ู†ุญุงุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:27:49,960 --> 00:27:54,750
1179
+ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ crystal ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุญู„ู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ FCC
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:27:54,750 --> 00:28:01,390
1183
+ ูˆุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ FCC ู„ุฃู†
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:28:01,390 --> 00:28:07,730
1187
+ ููŠ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:28:07,730 --> 00:28:14,170
1191
+ ุงู„ atomic size factor ุนุดุงู† ุฃุจุฏู„ ุฐุฑุฉ ู…ุญู„ ุฐุฑุฉ ู„ุงุฒู…
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:28:14,170 --> 00:28:17,830
1195
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจ .. ู…ุง ูŠู†ูุนุด ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุฐุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:28:17,830 --> 00:28:23,150
1199
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุชุณุชุจุฏู„ ุฐุฑุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุตุญุŸ ูู„ุงุฒู… atomic size
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:28:23,150 --> 00:28:26,450
1203
+ factorุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ู†ุตู ู‚ุทุฑ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:28:26,450 --> 00:28:32,530
1207
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃู… ูˆ ู†ุตู ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ุถุงูุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 15% ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:28:32,530 --> 00:28:37,550
1211
+ ู„ุฃู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ู… ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆู„ rule otherwise ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:28:37,550 --> 00:28:42,270
1215
+ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃู… ูˆ ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฎูŠู„ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:28:43,240 --> 00:28:48,760
1219
+ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ distortion ู‡ุชุชุดูˆู‡ distortion ุจุณ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:28:48,760 --> 00:28:54,720
1223
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุชุงุญ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆ ุฃุฌูŠุช ุฃุญุท ู…ุญู„ู‡ ุดูŠุก ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:28:54,720 --> 00:29:00,320
1227
+ ุชู„ุฒู‘ุญ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูุจุชุชุดูˆู‡ ุฃูŠุด ุงู„ crystal
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:29:00,320 --> 00:29:05,320
1231
+ ูู…ุง ุญุงูุธุชุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ crystal ูุจุนู…ู„ a new .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ a
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:29:05,320 --> 00:29:11,490
1235
+ new phase a new phase ู‡ุชุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฏูŠุชู†ูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ุฃุนู…ู„
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:29:11,490 --> 00:29:17,590
1239
+ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ .. ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ู…
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:29:17,590 --> 00:29:23,010
1243
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ crystal structure ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุณุฃู„ุชู‡ ุฅุฐุง
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:29:23,010 --> 00:29:24,930
1247
+ ุจุชุฏุนู…ูŠ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:29:24,930 --> 00:29:27,970
1251
+ crystal structure ุจุณ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุฏุนู…ูŠ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู†ุญุดุงุฑูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:29:27,970 --> 00:29:31,290
1255
+ interstitial solid solution ู…ุด ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ูุงู„ู„ูŠ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:29:31,290 --> 00:29:34,430
1259
+ ู„ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ crystal structure for both solvent and
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:29:34,430 --> 00:29:40,840
1263
+ solute ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ Electronegativity ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:29:40,840 --> 00:29:45,960
1267
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃู… ูˆุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง comparable
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:29:45,960 --> 00:29:48,040
1271
+ Electronegativity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุญุจูˆุง ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:29:48,040 --> 00:29:51,420
1275
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุง ุจูŠุญุจูˆุด ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ู„ุฃู† ุฅุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู…
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:29:51,420 --> 00:29:53,180
1279
+ ุจูŠุญุจ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ุง ุจูŠุญุจุด ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุฃูŠุด
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:29:53,180 --> 00:29:58,990
1283
+ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชูุงุนู„ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ูˆุธุจุท ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชูุงุนู„ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:29:58,990 --> 00:30:02,410
1287
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ููŠุฒ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŒ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:30:02,410 --> 00:30:06,210
1291
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ electronegative ุชุญุจู‡ุง
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:30:06,210 --> 00:30:08,890
1295
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจุฉ ุจุนุถุŒ ูŠุง ุจูŠุญุจูˆุง
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:30:08,890 --> 00:30:12,590
1299
+ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠุญุจูˆุด ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุนุดุงู† ุฃุถู…ู†
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:30:12,590 --> 00:30:16,230
1303
+ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุชูุงุนู„ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ูˆู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ a new
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:30:16,230 --> 00:30:21,370
1307
+ structure ุงู„ valance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุชูƒุงูุค ููŠ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:30:21,370 --> 00:30:24,650
1311
+ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฑ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ions must have the same valence
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:30:24,650 --> 00:30:27,110
1315
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ valence otherwise ุฅุฐุง ุงู„
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:30:27,110 --> 00:30:32,190
1319
+ valence ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุดุฌุน ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชูุงุนู„ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:30:32,190 --> 00:30:35,330
1323
+ a new structure ูˆ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ second phase ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:30:35,330 --> 00:30:39,490
1327
+ ู‡ุชุณุงู…ุญู‡ู… rather rules ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุน ุดุฑูˆุท ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:30:39,490 --> 00:30:44,150
1331
+ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุตู„ุจ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃู… ูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:30:44,150 --> 00:30:52,770
1335
+ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุตุบูŠุฑ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 15% ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:30:52,770 --> 00:30:56,830
1339
+ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ crystal structure ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุงู„
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:30:56,830 --> 00:31:00,030
1343
+ electronegativity ู„ู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:31:00,030 --> 00:31:07,790
1347
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ valence ู„ุฃู†
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:31:07,790 --> 00:31:10,310
1351
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู†ูƒูˆู† ุบุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ substitution of solid
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:31:10,310 --> 00:31:15,720
1355
+ solution ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู„ูŠู„
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:31:15,720 --> 00:31:21,720
1359
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุญุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ interstitial defects ุจุงุณุชู…ุงุน ุฅู†
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:31:21,720 --> 00:31:25,220
1363
+ ุฏูŠ interstitial defect ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุฐุฑุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฐุฑุฉ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:31:25,220 --> 00:31:28,140
1367
+ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฏุฎู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุฏู‰ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู…ุน
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:31:28,140 --> 00:31:31,420
1371
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ุตุบูŠุฑ ุจุชุดูˆู
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:31:31,420 --> 00:31:34,560
1375
+ ุงู„ูุฑุบุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ unit cell
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:31:34,560 --> 00:31:37,940
1379
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆ ุจุชู†ุญุดุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ some distortion
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:31:37,940 --> 00:31:43,560
1383
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ some distortion ูุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุบู„
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:31:43,560 --> 00:31:48,100
1387
+ ูุฑุงุบุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ unit cell ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุด ู…ุดุบูˆู„ุฉ ุฃุตู„ุง
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:31:48,100 --> 00:31:54,740
1391
+ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุดุบูˆู„ุฉ ุฃุตู„ุง ูุฅุดุบุงู„ ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู„ู„ูุฑุบุงุช
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:31:54,740 --> 00:31:59,210
1395
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุดุบูˆู„ุฉ ุฃุตู„ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุณู„ุจ ุจู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠู†
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:31:59,210 --> 00:32:05,890
1399
+ ุฐุฑุงุช ุฃุณู‡ู„ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุตุนุจุŸ ุฃุตุนุจ .. ุฃุตุนุจ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุจุชุตุนุจ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:32:05,890 --> 00:32:10,270
1403
+ ุงู„ู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ุŒ ุฃูŠุด ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉุŸ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง .. ุฃู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:32:10,270 --> 00:32:14,970
1407
+ blockingุŒ ุจุนู…ู„ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉุŒ ุจุนู…ู„ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:32:14,970 --> 00:32:18,350
1411
+ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃุตุนุจุŒ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:32:18,350 --> 00:32:20,550
1415
+ ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฃูŠุดุŸ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:32:20,550 --> 00:32:24,370
1419
+ carbon ุนุดุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:32:24,370 --> 00:32:27,550
1423
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฏู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุจูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู†
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:32:27,550 --> 00:32:36,930
1427
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุนุดุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุฒูŠ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:32:36,930 --> 00:32:43,290
1431
+ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ู„ูƒู… ุงู„ุขู† ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุชุดูˆู‡ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงู„
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:32:43,290 --> 00:32:47,870
1435
+ ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ slip mechanism ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู…ู„ุช
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:32:47,870 --> 00:32:50,810
1439
+ ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ู…ูˆุตูˆูุฉ ุฐุฑุฉ ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:32:50,810 --> 00:32:56,550
1443
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ more ductile ุฅุฐุง ุนู…ู„ุช ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุฃุตุนุจ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:32:56,550 --> 00:33:00,050
1447
+ ductility ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุจุชู‚ู„ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุถูŠู ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:33:00,050 --> 00:33:04,550
1451
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุจูŠุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู„ู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:33:04,550 --> 00:33:08,030
1455
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ deformation ู„ู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃุตุนุจ ูุนุดุงู†
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:33:08,030 --> 00:33:09,070
1459
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ strength ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:33:14,830 --> 00:33:19,050
1463
+ ุงู„ุขู† ูƒูŠู ู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ weight ู†ุณุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฅุฐุง ู†ูุณูŠ ุจู†ุถูŠู
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:33:19,050 --> 00:33:25,830
1467
+ carbon ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ nickel ุนู„ู‰ ู†ุญุงุณ ุฃูˆ .. ุฃูˆ zinc
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:33:25,830 --> 00:33:32,350
1471
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุตุฏูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ zinc ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุตุงุต ุฃูˆ ู‚ุตุฏูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุตุงุต ูุจุฏูŠ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:33:32,350 --> 00:33:36,130
1475
+ ุฃุนุฑู ุฃุญุณุจ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ .. ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ุจุชู†ุญุณุจ ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ู„ูˆุฒู† ู…ุซู„ุง
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:33:36,130 --> 00:33:40,450
1479
+ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู…ู† ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุนู†ุตุฑ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:33:40,450 --> 00:33:44,980
1483
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠุด ู…ุซู„ุง zinc ู…ุน nickel ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ุฒู†ูƒ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:33:44,980 --> 00:33:48,740
1487
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ 4 ู†ุญุงุณ ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:33:48,740 --> 00:33:56,080
1491
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ูƒุชู„ุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ total
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:33:56,080 --> 00:34:01,180
1495
+ mass M ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ M ุงุซู†ูŠู† ููŠ ู…ูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุญุณุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:34:01,180 --> 00:34:03,180
1499
+ mole base ุฃูˆ ุงู„ atom basis
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:34:20,470 --> 00:34:27,650
1503
+ ุงู„ู€ number of moles ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู…ูƒุชูˆุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุณูˆุงู‚ M ูˆุงุญุฏ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:34:27,650 --> 00:34:34,490
1507
+ ุจุฑุงูŠู… ุนู„ู‰ A ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:34:34,490 --> 00:34:45,730
1511
+ mass ุฌุฑุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ mole ูุงู†ุง ู„ุงุชู‡ูˆุด
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:34:45,730 --> 00:34:46,490
1515
+ ูุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:34:49,920 --> 00:34:53,840
1519
+ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ู€ number of moles ู„ูƒุชู„ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุชู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:34:53,840 --> 00:35:00,780
1523
+ ุงู„ู€ atomic weight ุงู„ู€ concentration ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ number of moles
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:35:00,780 --> 00:35:06,280
1527
+ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ number of moles ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:35:06,280 --> 00:35:16,300
1531
+ total number of moles ูˆ ุงู„ู€ NM ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ NM ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฆุฏ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:35:16,300 --> 00:35:23,500
1535
+ NM ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุฃู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุญูˆู„ ู…ู† weight basis ู„ู€ mole basis
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:35:23,500 --> 00:35:28,500
1539
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ู…ู† mole basis ู„ู€ weight basis ุงู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:35:28,500 --> 00:35:34,400
1543
+ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ุงุช ุฅุฐุง
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:35:34,400 --> 00:35:42,240
1547
+ ุฃู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ู„ูˆุฒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ C1 ูˆ C2 ุจุฌูŠุจ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:35:42,240 --> 00:35:50,450
1551
+ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุงุช C1 ุจุฑุงูŠู… ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ C1 A2 ุนู„ู‰
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:35:50,450 --> 00:35:56,670
1555
+ C1 A2 ุฒูŠ C2 A1 C1 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ concentration
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:35:56,670 --> 00:36:01,810
1559
+ ู„ู„ู…aterial ูˆุงุญุฏ based on mass ูˆ ุงู„ู€ A1 ูˆ C2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:36:01,810 --> 00:36:05,950
1563
+ concentration of mass two based on mass ูˆ ุงู„ู€ A1 ูˆ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:36:05,950 --> 00:36:08,770
1567
+ A2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ atomic weight ู„ู„ู…aterial ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:36:08,770 --> 00:36:10,210
1571
+ ุงู„ู…aterial ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:36:13,480 --> 00:36:17,900
1575
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุฒูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ู€ concentration ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ู€ based
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:36:17,900 --> 00:36:21,200
1579
+ on moles ุฃูˆ number of moles ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:36:21,200 --> 00:36:31,140
1583
+ concentration based on weight ู…ู…ูƒู†
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:36:31,140 --> 00:36:34,340
1587
+ ุฃุนู…ู„ concentration in terms of mass of one
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:36:34,340 --> 00:36:39,420
1591
+ component per unit volume of material ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† C1
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:36:39,420 --> 00:36:45,670
1595
+ ุฏุจู„ ุจุฑุงูŠู… ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ concentration ู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:36:45,670 --> 00:36:55,050
1599
+ ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุญุฌู… ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุญุฌู… ุทูŠุจ ุทูŠุจ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:36:55,050 --> 00:36:58,790
1603
+ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฏุชูŠู† ุจุฎุชู„ููˆุง ููŠ ุงู„
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:36:58,790 --> 00:37:06,010
1607
+ density ูˆ ุจุฎุชู„ููˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ atomic weight ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:37:06,010 --> 00:37:08,890
1611
+ ุงู„ู€ density ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู€ density
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:37:08,890 --> 00:37:11,030
1615
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุฎุชู„ูุช ุงู„
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:37:11,030 --> 00:37:14,730
1619
+ density ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆุงุฎุชู„ูุช ุงู„ู€ atomic weight ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:37:14,730 --> 00:37:20,480
1623
+ raw average ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ C1 ุนู„ู‰ R1 ุฒูŠ C2 ุนู„ู‰ R2 C1
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:37:20,480 --> 00:37:25,880
1627
+ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ mass basis ู„ู„ู€ element ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ R1 density ู„ู„
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:37:25,880 --> 00:37:31,180
1631
+ element ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ C2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ concentration ู„ู„
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:37:31,180 --> 00:37:36,260
1635
+ weight basis ู„ู„ู€ element ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆ R2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:37:36,260 --> 00:37:40,930
1639
+ density ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุนุงุฑู ุงู„
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:37:40,930 --> 00:37:45,290
1643
+ concentration based on the mole basis ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:37:45,290 --> 00:37:49,110
1647
+ ุฃุฑุจุน ุนุดุฑุฉ ุจูŠู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุญุซุช ุจุงู„ู€ average
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:37:49,110 --> 00:37:56,330
1651
+ atomic weight ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุฎู†ุดูˆู
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:37:56,330 --> 00:38:00,170
1655
+ ู…ุซุงู„ determine the composition
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:38:12,380 --> 00:38:16,340
1659
+ determine the composition in atom percent of an
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:38:16,340 --> 00:38:24,040
1663
+ alloy that consists ููŠู† ุฏูŠ ุณุจูŠูƒุฉ ุณุจูŠูƒุฉ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:38:24,040 --> 00:38:34,200
1667
+ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุชุณุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ by weight aluminium
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:38:34,200 --> 00:38:37,540
1671
+ ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:38:37,540 --> 00:38:40,260
1675
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ by weight
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:38:44,010 --> 00:38:48,650
1679
+ ู†ุญุงุณ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุณู…ู‘ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ูŠู† ูŠูˆู… ุฃุนุทูŠู„ู‡ ุงู„
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:38:48,650 --> 00:38:57,390
1683
+ subscript ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุญุงุณ subscript ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:38:57,390 --> 00:39:10,470
1687
+ C ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† 97% ูˆ ุงู„ู€ C ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู†
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:39:10,470 --> 00:39:16,170
1691
+ ุฃุฌูŠุจ c1 prime c1
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:39:16,170 --> 00:39:21,290
1695
+ ุจุฑุงูŠู… ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:39:21,290 --> 00:39:37,090
1699
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ c1 a1 ุนู„ู‰ c1 a2 ุนู„ู‰ c1 a2 ุฒูŠ c2 a1
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:39:39,410 --> 00:39:46,370
1703
+ ุงู„ู€ A ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ูŠ
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:39:46,370 --> 00:39:51,790
1707
+ ุงู„ู€ atomic weight ู„ู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ูƒู… atomic weight ู„ู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:39:51,790 --> 00:39:56,310
1711
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ูˆ ุงู„
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:39:56,310 --> 00:40:03,170
1715
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† atomic weight ู„ู„ู†ุญุงุณ atomic weight
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:40:03,170 --> 00:40:12,840
1719
+ ู„ู„ู†ุญุงุณ ูƒู… ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุณุชูŠู† ูˆู†ุต ุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ atomic weight
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:40:12,840 --> 00:40:14,900
1723
+ ู„ู„ุฃู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู…
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:40:44,270 --> 00:40:52,110
1727
+ ุทูŠุจ ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจูˆูŠู† ุชุณุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจูˆูŠู† ุชุณุนุฉ
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:40:52,110 --> 00:41:00,910
1731
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุฃู„ูˆู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุณุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจูˆูŠู†
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:41:00,910 --> 00:41:05,970
1735
+ ุชุณุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู„ู†ุญุงุณ
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:41:05,970 --> 00:41:10,670
1739
+ ู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุงู„ู€ CU Telicity ุจูˆูŠู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณูŠู†
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:41:16,780 --> 00:41:21,760
1743
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ C1 ุจุฑุงูŠู… ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ C1
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:41:21,760 --> 00:41:26,720
1747
+ 97
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:41:26,720 --> 00:41:30,440
1751
+ ููŠ
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:41:30,440 --> 00:41:37,820
1755
+ 26.98 ร— 97
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:41:40,230 --> 00:41:50,770
1759
+ ููŠ 26 ุจูˆูŠู† ุชุณุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ 63 ุจูˆูŠู†
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:41:50,770 --> 00:42:00,190
1763
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู‡ู†ุง
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:42:00,190 --> 00:42:08,730
1767
+ ุจู†ุทู„ุน C ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฑุงูŠู… ุฃูƒุฑุฑ
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:42:08,730 --> 00:42:09,450
1771
+ ุทู„ุนุฉ C ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุฑุงูŠู…
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:42:26,970 --> 00:42:37,510
1775
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุชุณุนูŠู† atomic
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:42:37,510 --> 00:42:46,330
1779
+ percent ุฃูˆ minus C2 ุจุฑุงูŠู… ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:42:46,330 --> 00:42:52,130
1783
+ ู…ูŠุฉ minus C1 ุจุฑุงูŠู… ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:43:19,320 --> 00:43:22,120
1787
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:43:24,670 --> 00:43:30,050
1791
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ linear defects ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:43:30,050 --> 00:43:32,330
1795
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนูŠูˆุจ
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:43:32,330 --> 00:43:40,470
1799
+ ู†ู‚ุงุทูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนูŠูˆุจ ุฎุทูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนูŠูˆุจ ุณุทุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุทูŠุฉ
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:43:40,470 --> 00:43:45,950
1803
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ vacancy ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ self-interstitial ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:43:45,950 --> 00:43:53,550
1807
+ interstitial ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ interstitial ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:43:53,550 --> 00:43:58,710
1811
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนูŠูˆุจ ุฎุทูŠุฉ in and otherwise ููŠ ูุฑูุฉ ุงู„
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:43:58,710 --> 00:44:05,770
1815
+ crystal ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ edge dislocation
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:44:05,770 --> 00:44:11,370
1819
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ screw dislocation ูˆ ุงู„ู€ mixed dislocation ุทุจุนุง
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:44:11,370 --> 00:44:15,730
1823
+ dislocations ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:44:15,730 --> 00:44:20,090
1827
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุนุฏู† ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุงู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุฎู„ูŠ
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:44:20,090 --> 00:44:26,120
1831
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู† ู‚ูˆูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุฒูˆุฏ ุนุฏุฏ dislocations ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:44:26,120 --> 00:44:37,800
1835
+ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุจุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุฎุฑุจุดุฉ ุจุฎุฑุจุดุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:44:37,800 --> 00:44:44,500
1839
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:44:44,500 --> 00:44:46,000
1843
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ edge dislocation
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:44:50,080 --> 00:44:53,340
1847
+ ideally ุฃูˆ ู†ุธุฑูŠุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุถุฑุฑุงุช ู…ุตูู‘ุชุฉ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ุง
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:44:53,340 --> 00:45:02,520
1851
+ ุฅูŠุด ู…ู†ุชุธู…ุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชุนุฏูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุฃู†ู‡
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:45:02,520 --> 00:45:06,900
1855
+ ุตุงู…ุญุฉ ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุตู ููŠ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงูƒู…ู„ุด
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:45:06,900 --> 00:45:11,220
1859
+ ู„ู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุงูƒู…ู„ ู„ู„ุขุฎุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุช ู‡ุงูŠ ุตู ุถุฑุฑุงุช ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุตู
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:45:11,220 --> 00:45:14,820
1863
+ ุถุฑุฑุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ุตู ุถุฑุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู†ุชู‡ุช ุนู†ุฏ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุฃู†ูƒ
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:45:14,820 --> 00:45:20,150
1867
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุงุชุญ ูƒุฑูˆุช ุดุฏุฉ ูˆ ุญุงุทุท ู†ุต ูƒุงุฑุช ู…ุด ูƒุงุฑุช ูƒุงู…ู„
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:45:20,150 --> 00:45:27,690
1871
+ ูุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ูƒุงุฑุช ุฅูŠุด ุชูƒูˆู† edge ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุท
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:45:27,690 --> 00:45:34,930
1875
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุทู„ุน ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง edge dislocation
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:45:34,930 --> 00:45:38,470
1879
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:45:38,470 --> 00:45:43,870
1883
+ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูƒ ุช .. ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุช ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูุฃุณ ูˆ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ูˆู‰
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:46:00,510 --> 00:46:06,550
1887
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ section ุฃู†ุง
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:46:06,550 --> 00:46:12,430
1891
+ ู„ูˆ
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:46:12,430 --> 00:46:17,890
1895
+ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุงู„ูู‚ุณ ุฃู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุชุญุฉ
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:46:17,890 --> 00:46:24,690
1899
+ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ู…ูƒุจุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงุฒุงูŠ ุทุจุนุง ุจุณ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู…ูŠู„ุงู†
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:46:24,690 --> 00:46:25,210
1903
+ ุฎููŠู
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:46:27,820 --> 00:46:50,620
1907
+ ุจู‚ู‰ ุฃุฏุฎู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุจุนุฏูŠู†
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:46:50,620 --> 00:46:55,240
1911
+ ุจุฌูŠุจ ุณูƒูŠู† ุจุฑูˆุญ
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:46:55,240 --> 00:46:55,860
1915
+ ุจุญุทู‡ ู‡ู†ุง
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:47:01,580 --> 00:47:06,800
1919
+ ู…ุญู…ุฏูŠู† ู‡ูŠู†ุฒู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐู‡
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:47:06,800 --> 00:47:24,380
1923
+ ู‡ุชูุชุญ ู„ูƒ ู…ุนุงู‡ ู‡ุชุณูŠุฑ ูู‡ุฐู‡
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:47:24,380 --> 00:47:30,000
1927
+ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง edge dislocation
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:47:32,260 --> 00:47:35,360
1931
+ ุทุจุนุง ุชู…ุช .. ุฃู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ .. ุนู„ู‰ .. ุชู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู†
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:47:35,360 --> 00:47:41,600
1935
+ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุนู…ุงู„ ุชุงุจุฑ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนุฏู„ุฉ ุจุณ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:47:41,600 --> 00:47:45,920
1939
+ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุจุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ูŠุนูŠุด ุจุชูู„ุช ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:47:45,920 --> 00:47:53,900
1943
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชูู„ุช ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃูˆ
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:47:53,900 --> 00:48:02,300
1947
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง edge dislocation
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:48:02,300 --> 00:48:11,840
1951
+ ู„ูˆ
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:48:11,840 --> 00:48:14,740
1955
+ ุจุฏูŠุช ุฃู†ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ edge dislocation ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุง
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:48:14,740 --> 00:48:18,960
1959
+ ู…ุดูŠุช ุจุฏูŠุช ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆู…ุดูŠุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:48:18,960 --> 00:48:22,700
1963
+ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ X ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:48:22,700 --> 00:48:28,180
1967
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ูˆู†ู†ุฒู„ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:48:28,180 --> 00:48:37,680
1971
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃู†ุง
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:48:37,680 --> 00:48:41,700
1975
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุดูŠุช ููŠ ุงู„ู€ X ูƒู… ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ ูƒู…ุงู†
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:48:41,700 --> 00:48:46,040
1979
+ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:48:46,040 --> 00:48:50,340
1983
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:48:55,490 --> 00:49:03,030
1987
+ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุด ู‡ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ู€ vector ุฎู„ุงู†ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:49:03,030 --> 00:49:10,330
1991
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ูˆ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู€ dislocation ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:49:10,330 --> 00:49:14,630
1995
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุงุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ู€ X ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ู‡ุทู„ุน
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:49:14,630 --> 00:49:22,420
1999
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุงู„ู€ Y ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู„ุฃู† ู…ุดูŠุช
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:49:22,420 --> 00:49:25,980
2003
+ ุฃู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู‡ุฑุฌุน ุจุงู„ู€ X ูƒู…ุงู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:49:25,980 --> 00:49:33,540
2007
+ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุทู„ุนุช ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุทู„ุนุช ู‡ู†ุง
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:49:33,540 --> 00:49:38,920
2011
+ Y ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู‡ุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ู‡ุง
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:49:38,920 --> 00:49:43,480
2015
+ ุฑุฌุนุช ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ vector ุจุฑุฌุน ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:49:43,480 --> 00:49:50,020
2019
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ vector ูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ burger vector burger ุงุณู…ู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:49:50,020 --> 00:49:59,190
2023
+ burger vector ุงู„ู€ edges location ู‡ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ barrier
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:49:59,190 --> 00:50:04,010
2027
+ vector ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆุงุถุญ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู€ barrier vector ูˆ
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:50:04,010 --> 00:50:08,310
2031
+ ุงู„ู€ edges location ู‡ู„ .. ุฃุด .. ุฃุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‚ุจ you know
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:50:08,310 --> 00:50:19,010
2035
+ ู…ุชุนู…ุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุทูŠุจ
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:50:23,560 --> 00:50:29,100
2039
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ screw disk location ุนูŠุจ ุฎุทู‡
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:50:29,100 --> 00:50:35,380
2043
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ุชุฎูŠู„ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุนู…ู„ุช slice ูˆุนู…ู„ุช twist ุนู…ู„ุช
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:50:35,380 --> 00:50:42,440
2047
+ slice ูˆุนู…ู„ุช twist ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุงูŠ slice ูˆ
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:50:42,440 --> 00:50:43,920
2051
+ ุงู„ู€ twist ู„ุชุญุช
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:50:56,440 --> 00:51:03,960
2055
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌุฑ ููŠูƒุชูˆุฑ ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ููŠ
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:51:03,960 --> 00:51:07,480
2059
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ screw disk location ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:51:07,480 --> 00:51:13,860
2063
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:51:13,860 --> 00:51:18,460
2067
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ X ุจุนุฏูŠู†
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:51:18,460 --> 00:51:24,840
2071
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุญูŠุซ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุงุฑุฌุน
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:51:24,840 --> 00:51:27,780
2075
+ ู„ู„ุฃุตู„ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู…ุดูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:51:27,780 --> 00:51:34,520
2079
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู€ dislocation ู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ู€ dislocation
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:51:34,520 --> 00:51:38,860
2083
+ ูุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ screw dislocation ุจูŠูƒูˆู† burger
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:51:38,860 --> 00:51:46,540
2087
+ factor ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ู†ูˆุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:51:46,540 --> 00:51:51,000
2091
+ ุงู„ู€ line defects ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด .. ู„ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:51:51,000 --> 00:51:54,560
2095
+ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ defects ู‡ู†ุง point defects ูˆ linear
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:51:54,560 --> 00:51:58,260
2099
+ defects ูˆ surface defects ูˆ ููŠ ู†ูˆุน ุฑุงุจุน ูƒู…ุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:51:58,260 --> 00:52:02,920
2103
+ ุงุนุชุจุฑ bulk volume defects ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจุณ ููŠู‡ุง
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:52:02,920 --> 00:52:07,390
2107
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุณ point defects ุฃูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง linear defects
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:52:07,390 --> 00:52:12,030
2111
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ ุดูŠุก ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:52:12,030 --> 00:52:15,250
2115
+ point defects ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:52:15,250 --> 00:52:19,750
2119
+ substitutional ู…ู…ูƒู† self-interstitial ู…ู…ูƒู†
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:52:19,750 --> 00:52:24,290
2123
+ interstitial ูˆ vacancy ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุณ
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:52:24,290 --> 00:52:27,530
2127
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูุตู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ูู‡ู… ุจุณ ุฃู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุถ
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:52:27,530 --> 00:52:30,670
2131
+ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:52:33,430 --> 00:52:38,910
2135
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุจูŠู† ู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:52:38,910 --> 00:52:46,090
2139
+ screw dislocation ุนู†ุฏูŠ
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:52:46,090 --> 00:52:51,270
2143
+ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ screw dislocation ุน ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:52:51,270 --> 00:52:57,970
2147
+ ุฅูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ edge dislocation ูู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉ mixed
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:52:57,970 --> 00:53:01,810
2151
+ dislocation ุฃูˆ ุนูŠูˆุจ ุฎุทูŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ุทุฉ
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:53:08,500 --> 00:53:13,540
2155
+ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ edge dislocation
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:53:13,540 --> 00:53:26,900
2159
+ ูˆ ุฑูˆุญ ุงุชุซุจุชุช ู‡ู†ุง ุฎูŠุงู„
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:53:26,900 --> 00:53:31,000
2163
+ ุฃู† ุฏูŠ ููƒุณุช ูˆุนู…ู„ุช
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:53:31,000 --> 00:53:34,740
2167
+ shear force ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌุฑ ุงููƒุชุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ shear force
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:53:38,960 --> 00:53:43,180
2171
+ ุงู„ู€ force ู‡ุฐุงู‡ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุฒูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุดูŠุฑ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ .. ู‡ุฐุงู‡
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:53:43,180 --> 00:53:45,900
2175
+ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุฒูŠุฏ ุฒูŠุฏ ุฒูŠุฏ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ bond ุจูŠู† ุฐุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:53:45,900 --> 00:53:49,760
2179
+ ุฐุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชุบู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู€ bond ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ุชูƒุณุฑู‡ุง
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:53:49,760 --> 00:53:56,140
2183
+ ุจูŠูƒุณุฑู‡ุง ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ bond ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู…ุนู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู€
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:53:56,140 --> 00:54:00,200
2187
+ dislocation ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ุช one atomic spacing
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:54:00,200 --> 00:54:04,980
2191
+ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ู€ shear ุจุงู„ sharing ุจูŠุณุชู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ sharing
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:54:07,100 --> 00:54:10,560
2195
+ ู‡ุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ู€ bond ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ bond ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุงุฑุช ุฅูŠุด
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:54:10,560 --> 00:54:16,440
2199
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุตุงุฑุช ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุณุชู…ุฑ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจูŠูƒุณุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:54:16,440 --> 00:54:24,000
2203
+ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุฑ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ shear force
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:54:24,000 --> 00:54:29,930
2207
+ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ deformation one atomic spacing ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:54:29,930 --> 00:54:33,910
2211
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ deformation ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฐุฑูŠ ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:54:33,910 --> 00:54:37,990
2215
+ ุนู† loading ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† axle ุฃูˆ torsion ุฃูˆ bending ุฃูˆ
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:54:37,990 --> 00:54:43,230
2219
+ ุฃูŠ combination ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุจุชูƒูˆู† by slip mechanism ุฃูˆ
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:54:43,230 --> 00:54:50,070
2223
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ู„ู„ู€ dislocation ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ู…ูƒุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:54:50,070 --> 00:54:54,060
2227
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ deformation ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฃู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณูˆูŠ ุจุชุญูƒู…
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:54:54,060 --> 00:54:59,340
2231
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ู€ slip mechanism ู‡ุฐุง
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:54:59,340 --> 00:55:03,840
2235
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ strengthening ุฃูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุถุนู
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:55:03,840 --> 00:55:07,840
2239
+ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฅูŠุด ุจุนูŠู‚ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู€
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:55:07,840 --> 00:55:13,140
2243
+ dislocation ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุฃูˆ ุจุณู‡ู„ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู€
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:55:13,140 --> 00:55:16,500
2247
+ dislocation ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ deformation ู‡ูŠ
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:55:16,500 --> 00:55:21,960
2251
+ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุงู„ุฎุงุต ู„ู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุง ุณูˆุงุก ุจุทุฑู‚
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:55:21,960 --> 00:55:24,720
2255
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ุงุต ู…ู† ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุน
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:55:24,720 --> 00:55:31,480
2259
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุง ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุจุทุฑู‚ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุถูŠู ุณุจุงุฆูƒ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:55:31,480 --> 00:55:40,800
2263
+ ุฃุณุจูƒ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:55:40,800 --> 00:55:45,800
2267
+ ุตูˆุฑุฉ transmission electron microscope ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุณุจูŠูƒุฉ
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:55:45,800 --> 00:55:52,400
2271
+ ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู…ูƒุจุฑู‡ุง ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุฃู„ู
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:55:52,400 --> 00:55:59,980
2275
+ ุถุนู ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู…ุซู„ ุฅูŠุด dislocations ุฃูˆ
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:55:59,980 --> 00:56:04,680
2279
+ ุนูŠูˆุจ ุฎุทูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ dislocation ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:56:04,680 --> 00:56:08,780
2283
+ ูˆ ุจุชุชุฎุฑุจุด ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ slip
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:56:08,780 --> 00:56:15,100
2287
+ ุฃุตุนุจ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุจุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:56:15,100 --> 00:56:20,210
2291
+ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุฒูˆุฏ
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:56:20,210 --> 00:56:25,210
2295
+ ุงู„ุฎุฑุจุดุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃุฒูˆุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ dislocations ุฃูˆ
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:56:25,210 --> 00:56:29,510
2299
+ ุฃุฎุฑุจุดู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ูุงู„ู€ strength ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:56:29,510 --> 00:56:35,870
2303
+ strength ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:56:35,870 --> 00:56:39,490
2307
+ ุฃูŠ ุณุคุงู„ุŸ
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:56:39,490 --> 00:56:41,610
2311
+ ุฏูƒ ูˆู„ุง ุนููˆุงู‹ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
PL9fwy3NUQKwbBCceOozNtoSQCtYlAhMQo/yPlYrmz9PTk_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2312 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:05,430 --> 00:00:08,310
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆ ุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:08,310 --> 00:00:14,390
7
+ ุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ hand-dust ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:14,390 --> 00:00:17,690
11
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ crystal structures ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:17,690 --> 00:00:21,370
15
+ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ crystal structures ุงู„ cubic
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:21,370 --> 00:00:24,330
19
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ cubic ุนู†ุฏูŠ body-centered cubic ูˆ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:24,330 --> 00:00:27,960
23
+ face-centered cubicูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ hexagonal closed
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:27,960 --> 00:00:33,180
27
+ peaked ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ points ุงู„ directions ุงู„ planes
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:33,180 --> 00:00:38,240
31
+ ูˆ ูƒูŠู ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ X-ray diffraction ุนุดุงู† ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:38,240 --> 00:00:42,580
35
+ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุณูˆุงุก ู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ู†ุชุนุฑู
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:42,580 --> 00:00:45,600
39
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง reflection ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:45,600 --> 00:00:50,120
43
+ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ู‚ุต ู‚ุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุดุนุฉ ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุญู„ู†ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:50,120 --> 00:00:53,600
47
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง excel sheet ู„ู„ X-ray diffraction
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:55,080 --> 00:01:00,580
51
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† imperfections in solids ุงู„ุงู†
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:00,580 --> 00:01:08,600
55
+ perfect ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ูƒู…ุงู„ ุตุญ possible ู…ู…ูƒู† impossible
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:09,560 --> 00:01:13,740
59
+ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู imperfections ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุด ู…ูŠุฉ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:13,740 --> 00:01:17,640
63
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุช ู…ุตุฑูุฉุŒ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุฎู„ู„ ุงูˆ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:17,640 --> 00:01:21,440
67
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงูŠุด some imperfections ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:21,440 --> 00:01:25,400
71
+ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ imperfections ุงู„ imperfections
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:25,400 --> 00:01:29,680
75
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุด ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:29,680 --> 00:01:33,670
79
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุจุชู‚ุนู„ู‡ ุดูˆุงู‚ุจุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:33,670 --> 00:01:38,810
83
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุฌู…ุฏ ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู†
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:38,810 --> 00:01:43,130
87
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ู…ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุฌูˆุฉ ุงู„ุจูˆุชู‚ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:43,130 --> 00:01:49,850
91
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑุงู† ุงู„ุขู†
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:49,850 --> 00:01:52,650
95
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ูู‚ูˆุงุช ู‡ูˆุงุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงู†ู‡
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:52,650 --> 00:01:58,530
99
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุนุฏู… ูƒู…ุงู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุนุฏู… ูƒู…ุงู„ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู„ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู„ ู‡ูˆ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:58,530 --> 00:02:04,460
103
+ ุงุดูŠ ุณูŠุกู„ุฃ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู„ ููŠ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:04,460 --> 00:02:10,060
107
+ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุจุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ why ู„ูŠุด ุจู†ุฏุฑุณ ุนุฏู…
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:10,060 --> 00:02:14,680
111
+ ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:14,680 --> 00:02:22,930
115
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุณุจุจ ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ู„ุฃ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:22,930 --> 00:02:26,750
119
+ ู†ุญูƒูŠ crystalline defectุŒ defect ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุŒ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:26,750 --> 00:02:30,230
123
+ ุฎู„ู„ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ lattice
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:30,230 --> 00:02:35,490
127
+ irregularity having one or more of its dimensions
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:35,490 --> 00:02:37,790
131
+ in the order of an atomic diameterุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:37,790 --> 00:02:42,010
135
+ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉ ู†ุธุฑูŠุง
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:42,010 --> 00:02:47,470
139
+ ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู…ุงูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ู†ุธุฑูŠุง ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู…ุงูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:47,470 --> 00:02:53,080
143
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุถุฑุฑ ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุฉุถุฑุฑ ู…ุญุดูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ููŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:53,080 --> 00:02:57,320
147
+ ุดูˆุงุฆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:57,320 --> 00:03:04,020
151
+ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู†
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:04,020 --> 00:03:10,740
155
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุตู†ู ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ูˆู„ุง
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:10,740 --> 00:03:17,020
159
+ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ู„ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงูˆ ุงู„ dimension ุชุจุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู†
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:17,020 --> 00:03:22,920
163
+ ุงู„ imperfectionsููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ ู†ู‚ุทูŠ point defects ุฃูˆ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:22,920 --> 00:03:25,760
167
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฎุทูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ line defects ุงูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:25,760 --> 00:03:29,800
171
+ dislocations ุงูˆ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุณุทุญูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ solid defects ุงูˆ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:29,800 --> 00:03:38,780
175
+ surface defects ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ point defects ุงู„
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:38,780 --> 00:03:43,110
179
+ point defects ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทูŠุจูƒูˆู† ุฏูŠ localized
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:43,110 --> 00:03:46,570
183
+ disruptions in an otherwise perfect atomic or
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:46,570 --> 00:03:49,910
187
+ ionic arrangement of a crystal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:49,910 --> 00:03:56,270
191
+ ุนุฏู… ุงู†ุชุธุงู… ุฃูˆ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ู…ุง ุฃูˆ ุฅุด ู…ููƒูˆุฏ ุฃูˆ ุฅุด ุฅุฒุฏูŠุงุฏุฉ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:56,270 --> 00:04:00,170
195
+ ุฃูˆ ุฅุด ู…ุญุดูˆุฑ in an otherwise perfect ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:00,170 --> 00:04:02,850
199
+ ู†ุธุฑูŠุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠุงุด perfect ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุตูู‘ุทุฉ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:02,850 --> 00:04:09,730
203
+ 100% ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ imperfections ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:10,580 --> 00:04:16,160
207
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุฃุฎุฏ ุทุงู‚ุฉ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:16,160 --> 00:04:21,140
211
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุช ุฃุฎุฏุช ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุฅู…ุง ุจุงู„ุชุณุฎูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:21,140 --> 00:04:29,260
215
+ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุฃูˆ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุฌูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฆุจ ุจุดูƒู„ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุฃูˆ ุงู„
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:29,260 --> 00:04:33,860
219
+ doping ุงู„ doping ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุญุท ุดูˆุงุฆุจ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:33,860 --> 00:04:37,940
223
+ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู…ุญุณูˆุจุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุญุต ุนู„ู‰ ุฎูˆุงุต ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:37,940 --> 00:04:38,600
227
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ doping
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:41,860 --> 00:04:47,640
231
+ ุงู„ impurities ุงูˆ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฆุจ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:47,640 --> 00:04:52,340
235
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู…ุจ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:52,340 --> 00:04:56,080
239
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู… ุงูˆ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:56,080 --> 00:05:01,530
243
+ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุดูˆุงุฆุจุŸ ุงู†ุง ู…ุงููŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏุงู„
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:01,530 --> 00:05:06,870
247
+ dopants ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงูˆ ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุถูŠูู‡ุง ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒุงุช
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:06,870 --> 00:05:11,370
251
+ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ micro structure ุจู‡ุฏู
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:11,370 --> 00:05:18,850
255
+ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎูˆุงุต ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ dopants ุงู„
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:18,850 --> 00:05:24,090
259
+ carbon steel ุงุฒุงูŠ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:24,090 --> 00:05:28,570
263
+ ุงุถูŠู ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงูˆ ุงูˆ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:28,570 --> 00:05:36,370
267
+ ุฃุดุจู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตู„ุงุช ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุตู„ ู„ุฃู† ุจุถูŠู
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:36,370 --> 00:05:40,310
271
+ ู„ู‡ ูุณููˆุฑ ุงูˆ ุจุฑูˆู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุงูˆ ุฌุฑู…ุงู†ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠูˆุตู„ ุจุฏุฑุฌุฉ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:40,310 --> 00:05:45,610
275
+ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ุงู†ุง ุจุชุญูƒู… ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุถูŠูู‡ุง
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:45,610 --> 00:05:49,610
279
+ ุงูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุณููˆุฑ ุงูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู† ุงูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฑู…ุงู†ูŠูˆู…
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:49,610 --> 00:05:52,630
283
+ ุงู„
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:52,630 --> 00:05:58,760
287
+ point defects ููŠ ุงู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู†ู‡ุงููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ vacancy vacancy
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:58,760 --> 00:06:03,760
291
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุฑุงุบ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ูŠู† ููŠ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู„ูƒู†
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:03,760 --> 00:06:07,300
295
+ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ูŠู† ุถุฑุฑ ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠุด ูุฑุงุบ ููŠ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:07,300 --> 00:06:13,740
299
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ vacancy ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ self-interstitial self
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:13,740 --> 00:06:17,700
303
+ -interstitial ุงู† ููŠ ุถุฑุฑ ู…ุญุดูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:17,700 --> 00:06:21,220
307
+ ู…ุญุดูˆุฑุฉ ุญุดุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงุณู…ุฉ self
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:21,220 --> 00:06:27,420
311
+ -interstitialู…ุญุดูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ูุฑุงุบ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:27,420 --> 00:06:31,240
315
+ ุงู„ุชุงุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:31,240 --> 00:06:32,420
319
+ substitutional
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:34,500 --> 00:06:39,100
323
+ porn defect ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุจุณุชุจุฏู„ ุถุฑุฑ ุงู„ุฃู… ุจุถุฑุฑ ุฃุฎุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:39,100 --> 00:06:43,720
327
+ ูˆุถูุช ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ุจุณ ููŠู‡ ุถุฑุฑุงุช ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ ุชุณุชุจุฏู„
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:43,720 --> 00:06:46,880
331
+ ุถุฑุฑุงุช ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ุชุงุฎุฏ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ู„ุถุฑุฑุงุช ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ู‰
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:46,880 --> 00:06:53,900
335
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ defect ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ defect
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:53,900 --> 00:06:59,520
339
+ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ู„ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ุชุฑุณุชูŠุดูŠุงู„ foreign atom
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:02,840 --> 00:07:06,380
343
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุณุชุจุฏู„ุด ุถุงุฑุฉ ุจุณ ุจุดูˆู ูˆุงู† ููŠ ูุฑุงุบ ูˆ ุจุชู†ุญุดุฑ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:06,380 --> 00:07:09,060
347
+ ุงู„ุถุงุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุถุงุฑุฉ ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ carbon ู…ุน
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:09,060 --> 00:07:13,580
351
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู†ุต ู‚ุทุฑ ุถุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ .. ู…ูŠู† ุฃูƒุจุฑุŸ ุถุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงูˆ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:13,580 --> 00:07:20,930
355
+ ุถุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุฏุงุฑุช ุงุญุฏ ุงูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ุงู† ุงู„ูุฑุงุบ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:20,930 --> 00:07:24,850
359
+ ุงู† ุฏุงุฑุด ุญุถูˆุฑู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† BCC body centered cubic ุงู„
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:24,850 --> 00:07:28,910
363
+ body centered cubic ุงู„ atomic packing factor ู„ู‡ 68
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:28,910 --> 00:07:34,350
367
+ % ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ 22% ูุฑุงุบุงุช ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูƒ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุจูˆู† ููŠ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:34,350 --> 00:07:37,850
371
+ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ุฏูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ุงู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูŠู†ุญุดุฑ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:37,850 --> 00:07:43,270
375
+ ูˆุงุณุน ู„ู‡ 100% ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู…ู„ distortion ุนุดุงู† ูŠู†ุญุดุฑ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:43,270 --> 00:07:44,270
379
+ ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:47,790 --> 00:07:53,850
383
+ ููŠ ูุฑู†ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:53,850 --> 00:07:59,050
387
+ ุงูŠูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ูุณู‡ุง ุฌู‡ุฏ ุงูŠูˆู† ุณุงู„ู… ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:59,050 --> 00:08:02,630
391
+ ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ู‰ ุงุด ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงูŠูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆู‡ูˆ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:02,630 --> 00:08:08,410
395
+ ุงู„ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ูุฑู†ูƒู„ ูู‰ ุดูƒูˆุชูƒุงูŠ defect
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:08,410 --> 00:08:13,530
399
+ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงูŠูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุจูˆู‡ูŠู† ุงูŠูˆู†
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:13,530 --> 00:08:17,430
403
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ุณุงู„ุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู†ุฏูŠ ุงูŠูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ ุงูŠูˆู†
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:17,430 --> 00:08:21,790
407
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ schottky defect ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ููŠ ุงู„
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:21,790 --> 00:08:25,790
411
+ course ุจุชุงุนู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ vacancy point defect ูˆ ุงู„ self
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:25,790 --> 00:08:28,590
415
+ -interstitial point defect ูˆ ุงู„ institutional
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:28,590 --> 00:08:31,270
419
+ point defect ูˆ ุงู„ interstitial point defect ู‡ุฏูˆู„
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:31,270 --> 00:08:32,850
423
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุชู…ูŠ ููŠู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ course ู‡ุฐุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:40,460 --> 00:08:45,980
427
+ ุงู„ vacancies and self-interestations ุงู„ vacancies
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:45,980 --> 00:08:52,740
431
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุถุฑุน ุงูˆ ุงูŠูˆู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุŒ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:52,740 --> 00:08:58,520
435
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ูŠู† ุถุฑุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุฉูุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงูŠุด
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:58,520 --> 00:09:03,000
439
+ ูุฑุงุบุฉ vacancy ุงูˆ self-interstitial ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:03,000 --> 00:09:06,380
443
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ุนูŠู† ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนุง ุญุดุฑุช ููŠ ูุฑุงุบุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:06,380 --> 00:09:08,620
447
+ self-interstitial ู„ูŠุด ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง self-interstitial ู„ุฃู†ู‡
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:08,620 --> 00:09:16,240
451
+ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุทุจุนุง
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:16,240 --> 00:09:18,740
455
+ ุงู„ vacancy point defects ุงูˆ self-interstitial
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:18,740 --> 00:09:23,560
459
+ point defects ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุฏ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:23,560 --> 00:09:25,340
463
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:30,340 --> 00:09:37,120
467
+ ุงู„ุงู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:37,120 --> 00:09:41,020
471
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงู† V ุชูˆุชุฑ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ N exponential minus
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:41,020 --> 00:09:45,480
475
+ QV ุนู„ู‰ K ููŠ T ุงู„ุงู† V ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ total number of
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:45,480 --> 00:09:49,180
479
+ vacancies per cubic centimeter ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงู† V ุนุฏุฏ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:49,180 --> 00:09:54,520
483
+ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ุณู†ุชู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ุงู„ุงู† ุนุฏุฏ ุฐุฑุงุช
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:54,520 --> 00:10:00,850
487
+ ููŠ ุฅูŠุด ู„ูƒู„ ุณู†ุชู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจูˆ ุงู„ N ุชูุนุทู‰ ุจุงู„ N A ููŠ ุฑูˆ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:00,850 --> 00:10:09,450
491
+ ุนู„ู‰ A ุงู„ N A ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ Avogadro ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุชู… ู„ูƒู„ ุฅูŠุด
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:09,450 --> 00:10:16,150
495
+ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ุงู„ ุฑูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ density ุงุฌุฑุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุตู…ุช
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:16,150 --> 00:10:21,750
499
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ุงู„ A ู„ุฃุชู… ุงู„ูƒูˆูŠุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:21,750 --> 00:10:28,210
503
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃุชู… per cubic centimeterุงู„ู€ QV ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:28,210 --> 00:10:31,630
507
+ energy required for formation of vacancy ุนุดุงู† ุชุตูŠุฑ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:31,630 --> 00:10:37,270
511
+ ููŠ vacancyุŒ ุงู„ vacancy ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ุทุงู‚ุฉุŒ ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ุทุงู‚ุฉ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:37,270 --> 00:10:43,610
515
+ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ QV ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ energy to form a vacancy ุงู„ K
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:43,610 --> 00:10:44,650
519
+ ุงู„ gas constant
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:47,190 --> 00:10:51,930
523
+ ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ ุจุชุญุชุฑู ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:51,930 --> 00:10:54,690
527
+ jewel ู„ูƒู„ ุงุทู… ู„ูƒู„ Kelvin ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ one point
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:54,690 --> 00:10:57,930
531
+ three eight ูุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:57,930 --> 00:11:02,170
535
+ ุงู„ K ูˆุญุฏุฉ electron volt ู„ูƒู„ ุงุทู… ู„ูƒู„ Kelvin ุจุชูƒูˆู†
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:02,170 --> 00:11:05,850
539
+ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ one ุณุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุฎู…ุณุฉ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:05,850 --> 00:11:10,230
543
+ electron volt ู„ูƒู„ ุงุทู… ู„ูƒู„ Kelvin ุทุจ ุงู„ T ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:10,230 --> 00:11:12,270
547
+ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ H ุจุงู„ Kelvin ุงู„ู…ุทู„ู‚
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:16,080 --> 00:11:20,560
551
+ ู„ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุนู†ุฏ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู‚ู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:20,560 --> 00:11:26,080
555
+ melting point ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ ratio ุงู„ N V ุนู„ู‰ N
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:26,080 --> 00:11:30,000
559
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ู„ุนุฏุฏ ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ูƒู„ ุนุดุฑ ูˆ ุงุต ู†ุงู†ู‚ุต
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:30,000 --> 00:11:34,840
563
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูƒู„ ุนุดุฑ ุชู„ุงู ุฐุฑุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูุฑุงุบ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:34,840 --> 00:11:42,720
567
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูƒู„ ุนุดุฑ ุชู„ุงู ุฐุฑุฉ ููŠ ูุฑุงุบ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:42,720 --> 00:11:44,360
571
+ ุงู†ุญู„ ู…ุซุงู„
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:50,960 --> 00:11:55,100
575
+ Calculate the equilibrium number of vacancies per
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:55,100 --> 00:11:58,820
579
+ cubic meter for copper at 1000 degrees ุงูˆู„ ุดูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:58,820 --> 00:12:09,580
583
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฏู‡ ุงู†ุง ุญุงุณุจ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุนุงูˆูŠุฉ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:09,580 --> 00:12:13,240
587
+ The
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:13,240 --> 00:12:15,160
591
+ energy for vacancy formation
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:22,050 --> 00:12:26,970
595
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ on nine electron
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:26,970 --> 00:12:38,070
599
+ volt ู„ูƒู„ atom the
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:38,070 --> 00:12:40,710
603
+ atom equate and density at one thousand degrees
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:40,710 --> 00:12:43,670
607
+ for copper are ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุณุชูŠู† ูˆู…ุตุฑ ุฌุฑุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ ูˆ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:43,670 --> 00:12:48,410
611
+ ุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจูˆู†ุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฌุฑุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตู…ุช ุจุช ู…ูƒุนุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:48,410 --> 00:12:49,510
615
+ atom equate ุงู„ a
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:53,430 --> 00:13:03,290
619
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุต ุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ูˆ ุงู„
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:03,290 --> 00:13:18,050
623
+ density ุงู„ raw ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ point ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฌุฑุงู… ุจุฏู‡
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:18,050 --> 00:13:26,630
627
+ ุงู„ envy ุจุฏู‡ ุงู„ envyุงู„ุงู† V ุชู‚ุทุน ุจุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุฅูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู†
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:26,630 --> 00:13:29,850
631
+ exponential
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:29,850 --> 00:13:33,490
635
+ minus
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:33,490 --> 00:13:46,630
639
+ QV ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุงูุฉ T ุงู„
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:46,630 --> 00:13:52,840
643
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ QVู…ุนุทูŠู†ูŠู‡ุง ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุจุงู„ Kelvin ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:52,840 --> 00:14:00,000
647
+ ุฃู„ู ูˆ ู…ุชูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† point ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ Kelvin
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:09,140
651
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ temperature ูˆ ุงู„ K ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:09,140 --> 00:14:17,200
655
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช ุงู„ K ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ point ุณุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:22,340 --> 00:14:28,040
659
+ ูุนุดุฑุฉ ุณุงู„ุจ ุฎู…ุณุฉ electron
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:28,040 --> 00:14:38,560
663
+ volt ู„ูƒู„ atom ู„ูƒู„ Kelvin ู†ุนู…
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:38,560 --> 00:14:46,180
667
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:46,180 --> 00:14:49,560
671
+ ุฃุชุฃูƒุฏ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช ุณู‡ู„ ุฃุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:53,800 --> 00:15:07,700
675
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู† ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ูุฌุงุฏุฑู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ raw ุงู„ atom
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:15:07,700 --> 00:15:16,980
679
+ ูƒูˆูŠุช ุนุฏุฏ ูุฌุงุฏุฑู‡ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุชุฉ ุณูุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนุดุฑ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:15:16,980 --> 00:15:20,820
683
+ ุนู‚ุต ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† atom
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:15:23,750 --> 00:15:27,970
687
+ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ุงู„
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:15:27,970 --> 00:15:32,190
691
+ raw ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:15:32,190 --> 00:15:45,210
695
+ point ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ู„ูƒู„ something ู…ุซู„ ู…ูƒุนุจ ูˆ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:15:45,210 --> 00:15:50,770
699
+ ุงู„ atom equate ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ู†ุต
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:15:54,720 --> 00:16:03,880
703
+ ุงู‚ุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูŠุชูˆูŠู„ ูˆุญุฏุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:16:03,880 --> 00:16:09,240
707
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู‚ุฑุงู… ู…ูˆู„ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ุน ู…ูˆู„ ูˆ gram ู…ุน gram
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:16:09,240 --> 00:16:20,320
711
+ ุจุชุตููŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุจุณุจูˆู„ูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:16:20,320 --> 00:16:20,740
715
+ ู‡ูˆ atom
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:16:26,660 --> 00:16:34,240
719
+ ู„ูƒู„ ุตู…ุช ู…ูƒุนุจ ุงูƒู…ู„ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:16:34,240 --> 00:16:38,100
723
+ ุณุจุนู…ูŠุฉ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:16:38,100 --> 00:16:47,480
727
+ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุณุชุฉ ูˆุชุณุนูŠู† ูˆุงู† ุณุชุฉ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:16:47,480 --> 00:16:48,500
731
+ ูˆุงุฑุจุนุงุด ุจุณ ุนุดุฑูŠู†
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:16:54,510 --> 00:17:01,830
735
+ ุทูŠุจ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุงู† V ุงู„ุงู†
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:17:01,830 --> 00:17:08,710
739
+ V ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุณุจุนู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุชุณุนูŠู†
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:17:08,710 --> 00:17:11,990
743
+ ุจูˆู†
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:17:11,990 --> 00:17:17,230
747
+ ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณุนุฉ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:17:17,230 --> 00:17:30,100
751
+ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฃุชู… ู„ูƒู„ ุณุงุนุช ู…ู† ูƒุนุจูู‰ ุงู„ู€ exponential ู„ู€
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:17:30,100 --> 00:17:37,620
755
+ minus QV ุงู„ู„ู‰
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:17:37,620 --> 00:17:46,580
759
+ ู‡ู‰ one ุชุณุนุฉ electron volt ู„ูƒู„
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:17:46,580 --> 00:17:52,120
763
+ atom ูู‰
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:17:52,120 --> 00:17:52,460
767
+ Kelvin
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:17:57,660 --> 00:18:06,760
771
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูˆู† ุณุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:18:06,760 --> 00:18:14,500
775
+ electron volt ู„ูƒู„
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:18:14,500 --> 00:18:19,940
779
+ atom ู„ูƒู„
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:18:19,940 --> 00:18:20,500
783
+ Kelvin
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:18:25,820 --> 00:18:31,700
787
+ ููŠู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฏูŠ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:18:31,700 --> 00:18:40,680
791
+ ู„ูƒูŠูˆ ุนู„ู‰
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:18:40,680 --> 00:18:47,960
795
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:18:47,960 --> 00:18:53,120
799
+ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู ูˆ ู…ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:18:53,120 --> 00:19:05,690
803
+ ูˆ ู…ุชูŠู†ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† point ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ Kelvin ู‡ุชุฑูˆุญ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:19:05,690 --> 00:19:08,770
807
+ atom ู…ุน atom Kelvin ู…ุน Kelvin ูˆ electron volt ู…ุน
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:19:08,770 --> 00:19:20,490
811
+ electron volt ููƒุฑุฉ ุฏู‡ ุชุตุญู‰ ุฃูƒู… ุชุทู„ุน ุชูุณุฑ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:19:20,490 --> 00:19:21,050
815
+ ูุงุตู„ุฉ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:19:29,740 --> 00:19:35,560
819
+ ู„ุฃ ุบู„ุท ุฅูŠู‡ ุนุดุฑ ูˆุงู„ุณุงู„ู‚ ู‚ู†ุตุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุนุฏุฏ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:19:35,560 --> 00:19:40,460
823
+ ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠ cancel ุฅูŠู‡ ุนุดุฑ ูˆุงู„ุณุงู„ู‚ ู‚ู†ุตุŸ ู†ุนู… 8.62
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:19:40,460 --> 00:19:50,540
827
+ ุนุดุฑ ูˆุงู„ุณุงู„ู‚ ู‚ู†ุต ู‡ุฐูŠุŸ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุณุงู„ู‚ ุฎู…ุณุฉ 2.18 ุนุดุฑ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:19:50,540 --> 00:19:52,640
831
+ ูˆุงู„ุณุงู„ู‚ ู‚ู†ุต ุฃูƒุงู… ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŸ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:20:01,710 --> 00:20:08,330
835
+ vacancy ู„ูƒู„ some ู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:20:08,330 --> 00:20:16,210
839
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ุฃูƒู…ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† point
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:20:16,210 --> 00:20:22,850
843
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ุชุณุนุชุงุด ููŠ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:20:22,850 --> 00:20:26,430
847
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ุชุณุนุฉ ุตุญุŸ ุฃูˆ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ุณุชุฉ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:20:29,750 --> 00:20:36,750
851
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ vacancy ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุตู…ุช .. ุงู„ู…ุชุฑ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:20:36,750 --> 00:20:42,710
855
+ ุตู…ุช ูู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุนุดุฑ ุนู‚ู„ ุณุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† point ูˆุงุญุฏ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:20:42,710 --> 00:20:46,450
859
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ููŠ ุนุดุฑ ุนู‚ู„ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† vacancy ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:20:46,450 --> 00:20:47,050
863
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:20:59,940 --> 00:21:09,200
867
+ ููŠ ุงูŠ ุณุคุงู„ุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุทูŠุจ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:21:09,200 --> 00:21:16,460
871
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุณูŠุท ู„ูˆ ุถูุช ุณูƒุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:21:16,460 --> 00:21:25,820
875
+ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุญุฑูƒุช ู‡ุชุฏูˆุณ ุตุญุŸ ู„ูˆ ูƒุชุฑุชู‡ุชุฏูˆุจ ุญุตู„ ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:21:25,820 --> 00:21:31,000
879
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู‡ูŠุฏูˆุจ ูˆุฌุฒุก
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:21:31,000 --> 00:21:34,620
883
+ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฑุงุณุจ ุงู„ุฑุงุณุจ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:21:34,620 --> 00:21:39,540
887
+ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ solution ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ู„ู…ุง ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:21:39,540 --> 00:21:42,500
891
+ ูƒุชุฑุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ second phase ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:21:42,500 --> 00:21:53,080
895
+ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุณูƒุฑูŠ ูˆ ุณูƒุฑ ุตู„ุจ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุถูุช ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:21:57,470 --> 00:22:06,630
899
+ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฑู…ู„ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠุฏูˆุจุŸ ุงูŠู‡ ู„ุฃ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุชูƒูˆู†
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:22:06,630 --> 00:22:11,790
903
+ ุงูˆ ุนุฏู… ุชูƒูˆู† second phase ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงูˆ second
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:22:11,790 --> 00:22:16,530
907
+ phase ุจูŠุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุดุงุฆุจ ุงู„ impurity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:22:16,530 --> 00:22:22,350
911
+ ุบูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุฑู…ู„ ุบูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงุดูŠ ุชุงู†ูŠุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:22:22,350 --> 00:22:25,690
915
+ ุงุฐุง ุญุทูŠุช ุณูƒุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑุด ุงุฏูˆู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:22:25,690 --> 00:22:29,830
919
+ ุงูŠุด second phase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ concentration ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:22:29,830 --> 00:22:32,530
923
+ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุชูƒูˆู† second phase ูˆ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:22:32,530 --> 00:22:38,770
927
+ ุณุฎู†ุช ุจุฏูˆุจ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠุด ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:22:38,770 --> 00:22:42,230
931
+ addition of purity to metals ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ solid
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:22:42,230 --> 00:22:47,750
935
+ solution and or second phase ุงุนุชุจุงุฏ ุนู„ูŠ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:22:47,750 --> 00:22:56,640
939
+ impurityุณูƒุฑ ู…ู„ุญ ุฑู…ู„ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุงู„
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:22:56,640 --> 00:23:01,060
943
+ concentration ูˆุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ุง ูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:23:01,060 --> 00:23:04,680
947
+ ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ ูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู„ูŠุงุด ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆูŠู†
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:23:04,680 --> 00:23:13,260
951
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ solid solution ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุตู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ุฐุงุจ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:23:13,260 --> 00:23:16,660
955
+ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ solvent ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฐูŠุจ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:23:18,110 --> 00:23:21,570
959
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฐูŠุจ ุงู„ solvent ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฐูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุถุงู
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:23:21,570 --> 00:23:26,390
963
+ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุน ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงูˆ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:23:26,390 --> 00:23:31,430
967
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุฐูŠุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ solvent ุงู„ solute ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:23:31,430 --> 00:23:36,010
971
+ element ุงูˆ ุงู„ compound ุจุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุด
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:23:36,010 --> 00:23:39,370
975
+ ุงู„ู…ุฐุงุจ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุญ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงูˆ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:23:39,370 --> 00:23:45,210
979
+ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูููŠู† ุฏูŠ solvent ูˆ solute ู…ุฐุงุจ ูˆ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:23:45,210 --> 00:23:45,650
983
+ ู…ุฐูŠุจ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:23:51,770 --> 00:23:53,730
987
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ solid solution ุงู„ solid
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:23:53,730 --> 00:23:59,790
991
+ solution ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุตู„ุจ as ุชุชูˆูุฑ ุชุดุฑูˆุท ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:23:59,790 --> 00:24:05,290
995
+ solid atoms are added to host material ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:24:05,290 --> 00:24:10,510
999
+ ุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฐุงุจ ุชู… ุฅุถุงูุชู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู… ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู„
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:24:10,510 --> 00:24:14,850
1003
+ ุฅุถุงูู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ crystal structure is maintained
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:24:14,850 --> 00:24:19,330
1007
+ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ู…ุง ุบูŠุฑุด
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:24:19,330 --> 00:24:21,470
1011
+ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุถุงู„ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ูƒุงู†
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:24:21,470 --> 00:24:25,150
1015
+ BCC ุถู„ูˆุง BCC ูƒุงู† FCC ุถู„ูˆุง FCC ูƒุงู† HCP ุถู„ูˆุง HCP
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:24:25,150 --> 00:24:30,470
1019
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ no new structures are formed ู…ุง ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุด
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:24:30,470 --> 00:24:35,510
1023
+ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ู…ุงุตุงุฑุด ุชูุงุนู„ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุฉ ุงู†ุฏูŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:24:35,510 --> 00:24:40,290
1027
+ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุตู„ุจ ุงุฐุง ุถูุช
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:24:40,290 --> 00:24:45,770
1031
+ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุตู„ุจุฉ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุจ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:24:47,120 --> 00:24:49,680
1035
+ ูˆ ุญุงูุธุช ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ูˆ ู…ุงุชุบูŠุฑุด ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:24:49,680 --> 00:24:54,420
1039
+ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ูˆ ู…ุงุตุงุฑุด ุชูุงุนู„ ูˆ ู…ุงุตุงุฑุด new structure ููŠ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:24:54,420 --> 00:25:07,300
1043
+ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุงุช ุจูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุจุญูƒูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‰ solid solution ู„ุฃ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:25:07,300 --> 00:25:16,390
1047
+ ู„ุฃ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ carbon ู„ู…ุง ู†ุธูŠูู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุถุบุท
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:25:16,390 --> 00:25:21,310
1051
+ ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุจุชุนู…ู„ interstitial point defect ุถุบุท ูƒุฑุจูˆู†
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:25:21,310 --> 00:25:24,790
1055
+ ุจุชู„ุญุด .. ุจุชู„ุญุดุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ crystal ุงู„
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:25:24,790 --> 00:25:26,890
1059
+ structure ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูุถู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ุงู… ุจูŠ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:25:26,890 --> 00:25:32,750
1063
+ ุณูŠ ุณูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชุบูŠุฑ ู„ู„ ุงู… ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงู… ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงู…
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:25:35,980 --> 00:25:38,700
1067
+ solid solution is compositionally homogeneous ู…ู†
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:25:38,700 --> 00:25:43,160
1071
+ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุชุฑูƒุจูŠุฉ ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุงุฎุฏ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู†
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:25:43,160 --> 00:25:45,880
1075
+ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงูุญุต ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู†ูุณ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:25:45,880 --> 00:25:49,140
1079
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ู‰ ู…ุงูŠุนู†ูŠุด compositionally
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:25:49,140 --> 00:25:54,340
1083
+ homogeneous ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุชุฑูƒุจูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:25:56,230 --> 00:25:59,990
1087
+ ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ impurity atoms are randomly and
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:25:59,990 --> 00:26:02,750
1091
+ uniformly dispersed within the solid ุงู„ุขู† ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:26:02,750 --> 00:26:06,970
1095
+ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฆุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ูˆุฒุนุฉ ูˆ ุชูˆุฒูŠุฉ ุนุดูˆุงุก
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:26:06,970 --> 00:26:10,930
1099
+ ูˆูŠู† ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูˆ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒู…ุงู† uniform ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:26:10,930 --> 00:26:23,490
1103
+ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงูˆ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ู†ุชุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุงู†
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:26:23,490 --> 00:26:30,810
1107
+ ููŠ substitutional solid defectsุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:26:30,810 --> 00:26:33,310
1111
+ substitution ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณุจุณุชูŠูˆุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุจุฏู„ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ ุจูŠุญู„
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:26:33,310 --> 00:26:39,610
1115
+ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ ุจุณูŠุท ู„ู…ุง ุถุฑู‡ ุงูˆ ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู… ูŠุชู…
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:26:39,610 --> 00:26:42,310
1119
+ ุงุณุชูุฏุงู„ู‡ุง ุจุถุฑู‡ ุงูˆ ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:26:42,310 --> 00:26:45,610
1123
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุฐุงุจ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ substitutional solid
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:26:45,610 --> 00:26:49,930
1127
+ solution can be introduced either as an impurity
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:26:49,930 --> 00:26:53,730
1131
+ or as a deliberate addition ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุตุงุฑ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:26:53,730 --> 00:27:01,170
1135
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ุงุจุฏุงู„ ู„ุถุฑุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฃู… ุจุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฎูŠู„ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:27:01,170 --> 00:27:07,570
1139
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง impurity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดุงุฆุจุฉ ู…ู† ุบุตุจ ุงู„ุนู†ูŠ ุดุงุฆุจุฉ ุฎู„ุงู„
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:27:07,570 --> 00:27:12,170
1143
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุนุฏูŠู† ุงูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงูˆ ุงู†ุง ุถูุชู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:27:12,170 --> 00:27:16,430
1147
+ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุถูŠู ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:27:16,430 --> 00:27:21,030
1151
+ number of defects ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ substitution of solid
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:27:21,030 --> 00:27:26,420
1155
+ solution ู†ุณุจูŠุง ุจุนุชู…ุฏุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉูˆู„ูƒู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:27:26,420 --> 00:27:33,800
1159
+ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุจุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุฃุซุฑุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ุซุงู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:27:33,800 --> 00:27:37,680
1163
+ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู†ุฒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ููˆุณููˆุฑ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู„ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุถูŠูู‡ ู„ู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูƒูˆู†
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:27:37,680 --> 00:27:42,080
1167
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงูŠุด semiconductor ุงูˆ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:27:42,080 --> 00:27:45,400
1171
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุถูŠู ู„ู†ุญุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ ู„ู„ู†ุญุงุณ ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:27:45,400 --> 00:27:49,960
1175
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุญู„ ุถุฑุงุช ู†ุญุงุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:27:49,960 --> 00:27:54,750
1179
+ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ crystal ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุญู„ู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณFCC
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:27:54,750 --> 00:28:01,390
1183
+ ูˆุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ FCC ู„ุฃู†
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:28:01,390 --> 00:28:07,730
1187
+ ููŠ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ุด
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:28:07,730 --> 00:28:14,170
1191
+ ุงู„ atomic size factor ุนุดุงู† ุฃุจุฏูŠ ุถุฑุฑ ู…ุญู„ ุถุฑุฑู„ุงุฒู…
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:28:14,170 --> 00:28:17,830
1195
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจ .. ู…ุงูŠู†ูุนุด ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุถุฑุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:28:17,830 --> 00:28:23,150
1199
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุชุณุชุจุฏุถ ุถุฑุฑ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุตุญุŸ ูู„ุงุฒู… atomic size
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:28:23,150 --> 00:28:26,450
1203
+ factorุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ู†ุตู ู‚ุทุฑ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:28:26,450 --> 00:28:32,530
1207
+ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุงู„ุฃู… ูˆ ู†ุตู ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุงู„ู…ุถูŠูุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 15% ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:28:32,530 --> 00:28:37,550
1211
+ ู„ูƒูˆู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ู… ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆู„ rule otherwise ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:28:37,550 --> 00:28:42,270
1215
+ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุงู„ุฃู… ูˆ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุงู„ุฏุฎูŠู„ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:28:43,240 --> 00:28:48,760
1219
+ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฏูŠ distortion ู‡ุชุชุดูˆู‡ distortion ุจุณ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:28:48,760 --> 00:28:54,720
1223
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุชุงุญ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆ ุงุฌุจุช ุงุญุท ู…ุญู„ู‡ ุงุด ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:28:54,720 --> 00:29:00,320
1227
+ ุชู„ุฒุงุญ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูุจุชุชุดูˆู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงุด ุงู„ crystal
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:29:00,320 --> 00:29:05,320
1231
+ ูุจุญุงูุธุชุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ crystal ูุจุนู…ู„ a new .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ a
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:29:05,320 --> 00:29:11,490
1235
+ new phase a new phase ู‡ุชุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฏูŠุชู†ูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ุฃุนู…ู„
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:29:11,490 --> 00:29:17,590
1239
+ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ .. ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ู…
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:29:17,590 --> 00:29:23,010
1243
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ crystal structure ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุณุฃู„ุชู‡ ุฅุฐุง
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:29:23,010 --> 00:29:24,930
1247
+ ุจุชุฏุนู…ูŠ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:29:24,930 --> 00:29:27,970
1251
+ crystal structure ุจุณ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุฏุนู…ูŠ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ุดุงุฑูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:29:27,970 --> 00:29:31,290
1255
+ intersection of solid solution ู…ุด ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ูุงู„ู„ูŠ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:29:31,290 --> 00:29:34,430
1259
+ ู„ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ crystal structure for both solvent and
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:29:34,430 --> 00:29:40,840
1263
+ solute ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชElectronegativity ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:29:40,840 --> 00:29:45,960
1267
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃู… ูˆุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง comparable
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:29:45,960 --> 00:29:48,040
1271
+ Electronegativity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุญุจูˆุง ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:29:48,040 --> 00:29:51,420
1275
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุญุจูˆุด ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ู„ุฅู† ุฅุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู…
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:29:51,420 --> 00:29:53,180
1279
+ ุจูŠุญุจ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุญุจุด ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุฅูŠุด
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:29:53,180 --> 00:29:58,990
1283
+ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑุŸู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชูุงุนู„ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ูˆุธุจุท ู‡ุตูŠุฑ ุชูุงุนู„ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:29:58,990 --> 00:30:02,410
1287
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ููŠุฒ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŒ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:30:02,410 --> 00:30:06,210
1291
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ electronegative ุชุญุจู‡
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:30:06,210 --> 00:30:08,890
1295
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑู† ุจุนุถุŒ ูŠุง ุจูŠุญุจูˆุง
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:30:08,890 --> 00:30:12,590
1299
+ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุญุจูˆุด ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุนุดุงู† ุฃุถู…ู†
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:30:12,590 --> 00:30:16,230
1303
+ ู…ุงูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุชูุงุนู„ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ูˆู…ุงูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ a new
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:30:16,230 --> 00:30:21,370
1307
+ structureุงู„ violence ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุชูƒุงููˆุด ููŠ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:30:21,370 --> 00:30:24,650
1311
+ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฑ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ions must have the same violence
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:30:24,650 --> 00:30:27,110
1315
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ violence otherwise ุฅุฐุง ุงู„
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:30:27,110 --> 00:30:32,190
1319
+ violence ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุดุฌุน ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชูุงุนู„ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:30:32,190 --> 00:30:35,330
1323
+ a new structure ูˆ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ second phase ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:30:35,330 --> 00:30:39,490
1327
+ ู‡ุชุณุงู…ุญ ู‡ู… rather rules ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุน ุดุฑูˆุท ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:30:39,490 --> 00:30:44,150
1331
+ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุตู„ุจ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุถุฑุฑ ุงู„ุฃู… ูˆ ุถุฑุฑ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:30:44,150 --> 00:30:52,770
1335
+ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุตุบูŠุฑุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 15% ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:30:52,770 --> 00:30:56,830
1339
+ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ crystal structure ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:30:56,830 --> 00:31:00,030
1343
+ electronegativity ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:31:00,030 --> 00:31:07,790
1347
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ valance ู„ุฃู†
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:31:07,790 --> 00:31:10,310
1351
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู†ูƒูˆู† ุบุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‡ูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ substitution of solid
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:31:10,310 --> 00:31:15,720
1355
+ solution ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠุฉููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู„ูŠู„
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:31:15,720 --> 00:31:21,720
1359
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุญุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ interstitial defects ุจุงุณุชู…ุงุน ุงู†
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:31:21,720 --> 00:31:25,220
1363
+ ุฏูŠ interstitial defect ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุถุฑุฑ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงูˆ ุถุฑุฑ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:31:25,220 --> 00:31:28,140
1367
+ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฏุฎู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุฏู‰ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู…ุน
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:31:28,140 --> 00:31:31,420
1371
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุถุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ุตุบูŠุฑ ุจุชุดูˆู
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:31:31,420 --> 00:31:34,560
1375
+ ุงู„ูุฑุบุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ unit cell
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:31:34,560 --> 00:31:37,940
1379
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆ ุจุชู†ุญุดุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ some distortion
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:31:37,940 --> 00:31:43,560
1383
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ some distortion ูุงู„ุถุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุบู„
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:31:43,560 --> 00:31:48,100
1387
+ ูุฑุบุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ unit cell ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุด ู…ุดุบูˆู„ุฉ ุฃุตู„ุง
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:31:48,100 --> 00:31:54,740
1391
+ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุดุบูˆู„ุฉ ุฃุตู„ุง ูุฅุดุบุงู„ ุถุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู„ู„ูุฑุบุงุช
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:31:54,740 --> 00:31:59,210
1395
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุดุบูˆู„ุฉ ุฃุตู„ุงุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุณู„ุจ ุจู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠู†
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:31:59,210 --> 00:32:05,890
1399
+ ุถุฑุงุช ุฃุณู‡ู„ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุตุนุจุŸ ุฃุตุนุจ .. ุฃุตุนุจ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุจุชุตุนุจ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:32:05,890 --> 00:32:10,270
1403
+ ุงู„ู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉุŸ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง .. ุฃู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:32:10,270 --> 00:32:14,970
1407
+ blockingุŒ ุจุนู…ู„ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉุŒ ุจุนู…ู„ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:32:14,970 --> 00:32:18,350
1411
+ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃุตุนุจุŒ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:32:18,350 --> 00:32:20,550
1415
+ ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฃูŠุดุŸ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:32:20,550 --> 00:32:24,370
1419
+ carbonุนุดุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:32:24,370 --> 00:32:27,550
1423
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฏู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู†
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:32:27,550 --> 00:32:36,930
1427
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนุดุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุฒู‰
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:32:36,930 --> 00:32:43,290
1431
+ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุขู† ู‚ุจุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุชุดูˆู‡ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงู„
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:32:43,290 --> 00:32:47,870
1435
+ ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ slip mechanism ูŠุนู†ูŠุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู…ู„ุช
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:32:47,870 --> 00:32:50,810
1439
+ ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ู…ูˆุตูุฉ ุถุฑุฑูŠุฉ ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:32:50,810 --> 00:32:56,550
1443
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ more ductile ุฅุฐุง ุนู…ู„ุช ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุฃุตุนุจ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:32:56,550 --> 00:33:00,050
1447
+ ductility ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุจุชู‚ู„ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุถูŠู ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:33:00,050 --> 00:33:04,550
1451
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุจูŠุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุทู‚ ู„ู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:33:04,550 --> 00:33:08,030
1455
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ deformation ู„ู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃุตุนุจ ูุนุดุงู†
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:33:08,030 --> 00:33:09,070
1459
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ strength ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:33:14,830 --> 00:33:19,050
1463
+ ุงู„ุงู† ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ weight ู†ุณุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฅุฐุง ู†ูุณูŠ ุจู†ุถูŠู
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:33:19,050 --> 00:33:25,830
1467
+ carbon ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ nickel ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุฃูˆ .. ุงูˆ zinc
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:33:25,830 --> 00:33:32,350
1471
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุตุฏูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ zinc ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุตุงุต ุฃูˆ ู‚ุตุฏูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุตุงุต ูุจุฏูŠ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:33:32,350 --> 00:33:36,130
1475
+ ุฃุนุฑู ุฃุญุณุจ ู†ุณุจุฉ ..ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ุจุชู†ุญุณุจ ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ู„ูˆุฒู† ู…ุซู„ุง
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:33:36,130 --> 00:33:40,450
1479
+ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ูƒูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุนู†ุตุฑ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:33:40,450 --> 00:33:44,980
1483
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง zinc ู…ุน nickelุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ุฒู†ูƒ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:33:44,980 --> 00:33:48,740
1487
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงูŠูƒุง 4 ู†ุญุงุณ ุงู„ู†ุงูŠูƒุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:33:48,740 --> 00:33:56,080
1491
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุงุณ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ total
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:33:56,080 --> 00:34:01,180
1495
+ mass M ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฏ M ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ู…ูŠุฉ ุงุฐุง ุจุชุญุณุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:34:01,180 --> 00:34:03,180
1499
+ mole base ุงูˆ ุงู„ atom bases
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:34:20,470 --> 00:34:27,650
1503
+ ุงู„ number of moles ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูƒุชูˆุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุณูˆุงู‚ M ูˆุงุญุฏ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:34:27,650 --> 00:34:34,490
1507
+ prime ุนู„ู‰ A ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:34:34,490 --> 00:34:45,730
1511
+ mass ุงุฌุฑุงู… ู‡ุฏุฆุฉ ู…ูƒูˆูŠุช ุงุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ mole ูุงู†ุง ู„ุงุชูˆุด
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:34:45,730 --> 00:34:46,490
1515
+ ูุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:34:49,920 --> 00:34:53,840
1519
+ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ number of moles ู„ูƒุชู„ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุชู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:34:53,840 --> 00:35:00,780
1523
+ ุงู„ุงุชู…ูƒูˆูŠุช ุงู„ concentration ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ number of moles
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:35:00,780 --> 00:35:06,280
1527
+ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ number of moles ูˆุงุญุฏ ุน ุงู„
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:35:06,280 --> 00:35:16,300
1531
+ total number of moles ูˆ ุงู„ NM ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ NM ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฏ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:35:16,300 --> 00:35:23,500
1535
+ NM ุงุชู†ูŠู†ู„ุฃู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญูˆู„ ู…ู† weight bases ู„ mole bases
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:35:23,500 --> 00:35:28,500
1539
+ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ู…ู† mole bases ู„ weight bases ุงู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:35:28,500 --> 00:35:34,400
1543
+ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ุงุช ุงุฐุง
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:35:34,400 --> 00:35:42,240
1547
+ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ู„ูˆุฒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ c1 ูˆ c2 ุจุฌูŠุจ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:35:42,240 --> 00:35:50,450
1551
+ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุงุช c1 primeุจุณุชูˆูŠ C1 A2 ุนู„ู‰
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:35:50,450 --> 00:35:56,670
1555
+ C1 A2 ุฒูŠ C2 A1 C1 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ concentration
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:35:56,670 --> 00:36:01,810
1559
+ ู„ู„ู…aterial ูˆุงุญุฏ based on mass ูˆ ุงู„ A1 ูˆ C2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:36:01,810 --> 00:36:05,950
1563
+ concentration of mass two based on mass ูˆ ุงู„ A1 ูˆ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:36:05,950 --> 00:36:08,770
1567
+ A2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ atomic weight ู„ู„ู…aterial ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:36:08,770 --> 00:36:10,210
1571
+ ุงู„ู…aterial ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:36:13,480 --> 00:36:17,900
1575
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุฒูŠ ุงู†ุง ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ concentration ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ based
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:36:17,900 --> 00:36:21,200
1579
+ on moles ุงูˆ number of moles ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุญุณุจ ุงู„
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:36:21,200 --> 00:36:31,140
1583
+ concentration based on weight ู…ู…ูƒู†
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:36:31,140 --> 00:36:34,340
1587
+ ุงุนู…ู„ concentration in terms of mass of one
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:36:34,340 --> 00:36:39,420
1591
+ component per unit volume of material ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† C1
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:36:39,420 --> 00:36:45,670
1595
+ double prime ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ concentration ู„ูˆุงุญุฏุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:36:45,670 --> 00:36:55,050
1599
+ ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุญุฌู… ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุญุฌู… ุทูŠุจ ุทูŠุจ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:36:55,050 --> 00:36:58,790
1603
+ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฏุชูŠู† ุจุฎุชู„ููˆุง ููŠ ุงู„
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:36:58,790 --> 00:37:06,010
1607
+ density ูˆ ุจุฎุชู„ููˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ atomic weightู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:37:06,010 --> 00:37:08,890
1611
+ ุงู„ density ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ density
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:37:08,890 --> 00:37:11,030
1615
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุงู†ู‡ ุงุฎุชู„ูุช ุงู„
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:37:11,030 --> 00:37:14,730
1619
+ density ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆุงุฎุชู„ูุช ุงู„ atomic weight ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:37:14,730 --> 00:37:20,480
1623
+ raw average ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูŠุฉุนู„ู‰ C1 ุนู„ู‰ R1 ุฒูŠ C2 ุนู„ู‰ R2 C1
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:37:20,480 --> 00:37:25,880
1627
+ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ mass basis ู„ู„ element ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ R1 density ู„ู„
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:37:25,880 --> 00:37:31,180
1631
+ element ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ C2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ concentration ู„ู„
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:37:31,180 --> 00:37:36,260
1635
+ weight basis ู„ู„ element ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆ R2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:37:36,260 --> 00:37:40,930
1639
+ density ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุฃูˆ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุนุงุฑู ุงู„
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:37:40,930 --> 00:37:45,290
1643
+ concentration based on the mole basis ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุนุงุฏู„
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:37:45,290 --> 00:37:49,110
1647
+ ุฃุฑุจุน ุนุดุฑุฉ ุจูŠู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุญุซุช ุจุงู„ average
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:37:49,110 --> 00:37:56,330
1651
+ atomic weight ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุฎู†ุดูˆู
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:37:56,330 --> 00:38:00,170
1655
+ ู…ุซุงู„ determine the composition
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:38:12,380 --> 00:38:16,340
1659
+ determine the composition in atom percent of an
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:38:16,340 --> 00:38:24,040
1663
+ alloy that consists ููŠู† ุฏูŠ ุณุจูŠูƒุฉ ุณุจูŠูƒุฉ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:38:24,040 --> 00:38:34,200
1667
+ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุชุณุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ by weight aluminium
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:38:34,200 --> 00:38:37,540
1671
+ ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:38:37,540 --> 00:38:40,260
1675
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ by weight
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:38:44,010 --> 00:38:48,650
1679
+ ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุณู…ู‘ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ูŠู† ูŠูˆู… ุฃุนุทูŠู„ู‡ ุงู„
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:38:48,650 --> 00:38:57,390
1683
+ subscript ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุญุงุณ subscript ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุงู†ุนุชู‡ ุงู„
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:38:57,390 --> 00:39:10,470
1687
+ C ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† 97% ูˆ ุงู„ C ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉุนุดุงู†
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:39:10,470 --> 00:39:16,170
1691
+ ุฃุฌูŠุจ c1 prime c1
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:39:16,170 --> 00:39:21,290
1695
+ prime ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:39:21,290 --> 00:39:37,090
1699
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ c1 a1 ุนู„ู‰ c1 a2 ุนู„ู‰ c1 a2 ุฒูŠ c2 a1
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:39:39,410 --> 00:39:46,370
1703
+ ุงู„ A ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู‰
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:39:46,370 --> 00:39:51,790
1707
+ ุงู„ุงุทู…ู‚ู…ุงุณ ู„ู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุงูƒู… ุงุทู…ู‚ู…ุงุณ ู„ู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:39:51,790 --> 00:39:56,310
1711
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ูˆุงู„
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:39:56,310 --> 00:40:03,170
1715
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุทู…ู‚ู…ุงุณ ู„ู„ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุงุทู…ู‚ู…ุงุณ
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:40:03,170 --> 00:40:12,840
1719
+ ู„ู„ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุงูƒู… ุชู„ุงุช ุณุชูŠู†ูˆ ู†ุต ุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ุงู„ุงุทู…ุฉ
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:40:12,840 --> 00:40:14,900
1723
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆูŠุช ู„ู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:40:44,270 --> 00:40:52,110
1727
+ ุทูŠุจ ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจูˆูŠู† ุชุณุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจูˆูŠู† ุชุณุนุฉ
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:40:52,110 --> 00:41:00,910
1731
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู†ูŠูˆู… ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจูˆูŠู†
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:41:00,910 --> 00:41:05,970
1735
+ ุชุณุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู„ู†ุญุงุณ
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:41:05,970 --> 00:41:10,670
1739
+ ู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุงู„ู€CU Telicity ุจูˆูŠู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณูŠู†
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:41:16,780 --> 00:41:21,760
1743
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุฉ C1 prime ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ C1
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:41:21,760 --> 00:41:26,720
1747
+ 97
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:41:26,720 --> 00:41:30,440
1751
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:41:30,440 --> 00:41:37,820
1755
+ 63 5 5 97
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:41:40,230 --> 00:41:50,770
1759
+ ููŠ ุชู„ุงุช ุณุชูŠู† point ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:41:50,770 --> 00:42:00,190
1763
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:42:00,190 --> 00:42:08,730
1767
+ ุจู†ุทู„ุน C ูˆุงุญุฏ prime ุงูƒุฑุฑ
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:42:08,730 --> 00:42:09,450
1771
+ ุทู„ุนุฉ C ูˆุงุญุฏ prime
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:42:26,970 --> 00:42:37,510
1775
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุชุณุนูŠู† atomic
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:42:37,510 --> 00:42:46,330
1779
+ pieces ุงูˆ minus C2 prime ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:42:46,330 --> 00:42:52,130
1783
+ ู…ูŠุฉ minus C1 prime ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:43:19,320 --> 00:43:22,120
1787
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:43:24,670 --> 00:43:30,050
1791
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ linear defects ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:43:30,050 --> 00:43:32,330
1795
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนูŠูˆุจ
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:43:32,330 --> 00:43:40,470
1799
+ ู†ู‚ุงุทูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนูŠูˆุจ ุฎุทูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนูŠูˆุจ ุณุทุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุทูŠุฉ
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:43:40,470 --> 00:43:45,950
1803
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ vacancy ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ self-interstitial ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:43:45,950 --> 00:43:53,550
1807
+ institutional ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ interstitial ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:43:53,550 --> 00:43:58,710
1811
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠู‡ูŠ ุนูŠูˆุจ ุฎุทูŠุฉ in and otherwise ููŠ ูุฑูุฉ ุงู„
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:43:58,710 --> 00:44:05,770
1815
+ crystal ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ edge dislocation
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:44:05,770 --> 00:44:11,370
1819
+ ูˆ ุงู„ screw dislocation ูˆ ุงู„ mixed dislocation ุทุจุนุง
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:44:11,370 --> 00:44:15,730
1823
+ dislocations ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุตุฉ
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:44:15,730 --> 00:44:20,090
1827
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุนุฏู† ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุงู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุงุฎู„ูŠ
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:44:20,090 --> 00:44:26,120
1831
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู† ู‚ูˆูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑุจุฒูˆุฏ ุนุฏุฏ dislocations ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:44:26,120 --> 00:44:37,800
1835
+ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุจุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุฎุฑุจุดุฉ ุจุฎุฑุจุดุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:44:37,800 --> 00:44:44,500
1839
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:44:44,500 --> 00:44:46,000
1843
+ ููŠ ุงู„ edge dislocation
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:44:50,080 --> 00:44:53,340
1847
+ ideally ุฃูˆ ู†ุธุฑูŠุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุถุฑุฑุงุช ู…ุตูู‘ุชุฉ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ุง
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:44:53,340 --> 00:45:02,520
1851
+ ุฅูŠุด ู…ู†ุชุธู…ุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชุนุฏูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุฃู†ู‡
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:45:02,520 --> 00:45:06,900
1855
+ ุตุงู…ุญุฉ ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุตู ููŠ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงูƒู…ู„ุด
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:45:06,900 --> 00:45:11,220
1859
+ ู„ู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุงูƒู…ู„ ู„ู„ุขุฎุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุช ู‡ุงูŠ ุตู ุถุฑุฑุงุช ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุตู
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:45:11,220 --> 00:45:14,820
1863
+ ุถุฑุฑุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ุตู ุถุฑุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู†ุชู‡ุช ุนู†ุฏ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุฃู†ูƒ
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:45:14,820 --> 00:45:20,150
1867
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠูุงุชุญ ูƒุฑูˆุช ุดุฏู‡ ูˆ ุญุงุทูŠุช ู†ุต ูƒุงุฑุช ู…ุด ูƒุงุฑุช ูƒุงู…ู„
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:45:20,150 --> 00:45:27,690
1871
+ ูุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ูƒุงุฑุช ุฅูŠุด ุชูƒูˆู† edge ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุท
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:45:27,690 --> 00:45:34,930
1875
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุทู„ุน ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูุญู‡ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง edge dislocation
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:45:34,930 --> 00:45:38,470
1879
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:45:38,470 --> 00:45:43,870
1883
+ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูƒ ุช .. ุฅุฐุง ุงู†ุช ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูุฃุณ ูˆ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ูˆู‰
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:46:00,510 --> 00:46:06,550
1887
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ section ุงู†ุง
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:46:06,550 --> 00:46:12,430
1891
+ ู„ูˆ
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:46:12,430 --> 00:46:17,890
1895
+ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุงู„ูู‚ุณ ุงู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุชุญุฉ
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:46:17,890 --> 00:46:24,690
1899
+ ุชุนุงุชู‡ุง ู…ูƒุจุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงุฒุงู‰ ุทุจุนุง ุจุณ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู…ูŠู„ุงู†
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:46:24,690 --> 00:46:25,210
1903
+ ุฎููŠู
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:46:27,820 --> 00:46:50,620
1907
+ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุฏุฎู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงูŠุฏ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุจุนุฏูŠู†
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:46:50,620 --> 00:46:55,240
1911
+ ุจุฌูŠุจ ุณููŠู† ุจุฑูˆุญ
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:46:55,240 --> 00:46:55,860
1915
+ ุจุญุทู‡ ู‡ู†ุง
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:47:01,580 --> 00:47:06,800
1919
+ ู…ุญู…ุฏูŠู† ู‡ูŠู†ุฒู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐู‡
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:47:06,800 --> 00:47:24,380
1923
+ ู‡ุชูุชุญ ู„ูƒ ู…ุนุงู‡ ู‡ุชุณูŠุฑ ูู‡ุฐู‡
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:47:24,380 --> 00:47:30,000
1927
+ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง edge dislocation
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:47:32,260 --> 00:47:35,360
1931
+ ุทุจุนุง ุชู…ุช .. ุงู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ .. ุนู„ู‰ .. ุชู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู†
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:47:35,360 --> 00:47:41,600
1935
+ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุนู…ุงู„ ุชุงุจุฑ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนุฏู„ุฉ ุจุณ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:47:41,600 --> 00:47:45,920
1939
+ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุจุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ูŠุนูŠุด ุจุชูู„ุช ู…ุธู„ูˆุท ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:47:45,920 --> 00:47:53,900
1943
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชูู„ุช ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงูˆ
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:47:53,900 --> 00:48:02,300
1947
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง edge dislocation
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:48:02,300 --> 00:48:11,840
1951
+ ู„ูˆ
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:48:11,840 --> 00:48:14,740
1955
+ ุจุฏูŠุช ุงู†ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ edge dislocation ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุง
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:48:14,740 --> 00:48:18,960
1959
+ ู…ุดูŠุช ุจุฏูŠุช ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆู…ุดูŠุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:48:18,960 --> 00:48:22,700
1963
+ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:48:22,700 --> 00:48:28,180
1967
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉูˆ ู†ู†ุฒู„ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:48:28,180 --> 00:48:37,680
1971
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู†ุง
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:48:37,680 --> 00:48:41,700
1975
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุดูŠุช ููŠ ุงู„ X ูƒู… ุงุฑุจุน ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ ูƒู…ุงู†
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:48:41,700 --> 00:48:46,040
1979
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:48:46,040 --> 00:48:50,340
1983
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:48:55,490 --> 00:49:03,030
1987
+ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุด ู‡ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ vector ุฎู„ุงู†ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:49:03,030 --> 00:49:10,330
1991
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ูˆ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ dislocation ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:49:10,330 --> 00:49:14,630
1995
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุงุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู‡ุทู„ุน
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:49:14,630 --> 00:49:22,420
1999
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุงู„ Y ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉู„ุฃู† ูˆุดูŠุช
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:49:22,420 --> 00:49:25,980
2003
+ ุงู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุฑุฌุน ุจุงู„ X ูƒู…ุงู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:49:25,980 --> 00:49:33,540
2007
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฐุง ุงุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฐุง ุทู„ุนุช ู‡ู†ุง
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:49:33,540 --> 00:49:38,920
2011
+ Y ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุง
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:49:38,920 --> 00:49:43,480
2015
+ ุฑุฌุนุช ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ vector ุจุฑุฌุน ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:49:43,480 --> 00:49:50,020
2019
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ vector ูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ burger vector burger ุนุงุณู… ูˆุงุญุฏ
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:49:50,020 --> 00:49:59,190
2023
+ burgervector ุงู„ edges location ู‡ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ barrier
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:49:59,190 --> 00:50:04,010
2027
+ vector ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ barrier vector ูˆ
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:50:04,010 --> 00:50:08,310
2031
+ ุงู„ edges location ู‡ู„ .. ุงุด .. ุงุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‚ุจ you know
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:50:08,310 --> 00:50:19,010
2035
+ ู…ุชุนู…ุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุทูŠุจ
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:50:23,560 --> 00:50:29,100
2039
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ screw disk location ุนูŠุจ ุฎุทู‡
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:50:29,100 --> 00:50:35,380
2043
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุชุฎูŠู„ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุนู…ู„ุช slice ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช twist ุนู…ู„ุช
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:50:35,380 --> 00:50:42,440
2047
+ slice ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช twist ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุงูŠ slice ูˆ
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:50:42,440 --> 00:50:43,920
2051
+ ุงู„ twist ู„ุชุญุช
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:50:56,440 --> 00:51:03,960
2055
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌุฑ ููŠูƒุชูˆุฑ ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ููŠ
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:51:03,960 --> 00:51:07,480
2059
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ screw disk location ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:51:07,480 --> 00:51:13,860
2063
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:51:13,860 --> 00:51:18,460
2067
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุงู„ X ุจุนุฏูŠู†
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:51:18,460 --> 00:51:24,840
2071
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุญูŠุซ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุงุฑุฌุน
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:51:24,840 --> 00:51:27,780
2075
+ ู„ู„ุงุตู„ุฉ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู…ุดูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:51:27,780 --> 00:51:34,520
2079
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠุฉ ู„ู„ dislocation ู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ dislocation
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:51:34,520 --> 00:51:38,860
2083
+ ูุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ screw dislocation ุจูŠูƒูˆู† burger
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:51:38,860 --> 00:51:46,540
2087
+ factor ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉุจูƒูˆู†ุด ู†ูˆุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:51:46,540 --> 00:51:51,000
2091
+ ุงู„ line defects ุงูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุจูƒูˆู†ุด .. ู„ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:51:51,000 --> 00:51:54,560
2095
+ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ defects ู‡ู†ุง point defects ูˆ linear
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:51:54,560 --> 00:51:58,260
2099
+ defects ูˆ surface defects ูˆ ููŠ ู†ูˆุน ุฑุงุจุน ูƒู…ุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:51:58,260 --> 00:52:02,920
2103
+ ุงุนุชุจุฑ bulk volume defects ุจูƒูˆู†ุด ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจุณ ููŠู‡ุง
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:52:02,920 --> 00:52:07,390
2107
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุณ point defectsุฃูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง linear defects
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:52:07,390 --> 00:52:12,030
2111
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ ุดูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:52:12,030 --> 00:52:15,250
2115
+ point defects ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:52:15,250 --> 00:52:19,750
2119
+ substitutional ู…ู…ูƒู† self-interstitial ู…ู…ูƒู†
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:52:19,750 --> 00:52:24,290
2123
+ interstitial ูˆ vacancy ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุณ
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:52:24,290 --> 00:52:27,530
2127
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูุตู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ูู‡ู… ุจุณ ุงู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุถ
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:52:27,530 --> 00:52:30,670
2131
+ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:52:33,430 --> 00:52:38,910
2135
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠู† ู…ุจูŠู† ู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุงุฏ
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:52:38,910 --> 00:52:46,090
2139
+ screw dislocation ุนู†ุฏูŠ
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:52:46,090 --> 00:52:51,270
2143
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ screw dislocation ุน ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ู‡ุงุฏุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูŠู†
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:52:51,270 --> 00:52:57,970
2147
+ ุงูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ edge dislocation ูู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉ mixed
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:52:57,970 --> 00:53:01,810
2151
+ dislocation ุงูˆ ุนูŠูˆุจ ุฎุทูŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ุทุฉ
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:53:08,500 --> 00:53:13,540
2155
+ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงุชุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงู„ edge dislocation
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:53:13,540 --> 00:53:26,900
2159
+ ูˆุฑูˆุญ ุงุชุซุจุชุช ู‡ูŠู† ุฎูŠุงู„
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:53:26,900 --> 00:53:31,000
2163
+ ุงู† ุฏูŠ ููƒุณุช ูˆุนู…ู„ุช
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:53:31,000 --> 00:53:34,740
2167
+ shear force ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌุฑ ุงููƒุชุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ shear force
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:53:38,960 --> 00:53:43,180
2171
+ ุงู„ force ู‡ุถุงู„ู‡ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุฒูŠุฏ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุดูŠุฑ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ .. ู‡ุถุงู„ู‡
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:53:43,180 --> 00:53:45,900
2175
+ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุฒูŠุฏ ุฒูŠุฏ ุฒูŠุฏ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ bond ุจูŠู† ุฏุฑู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ูˆ
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:53:45,900 --> 00:53:49,760
2179
+ ุฏุฑู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชุบู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ bond ุฏู‡ ูˆ ูŠูƒุณุฑู‡ุง
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:53:49,760 --> 00:53:56,140
2183
+ ุจูŠูƒุณุฑู‡ุง ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ bond ุฒูŠุฏุฉ ู…ุนู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:53:56,140 --> 00:54:00,200
2187
+ dislocation ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ุฉ one atomic spacing
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:54:00,200 --> 00:54:04,980
2191
+ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ shear ุจุงู„ sharing ุจูŠุณุชู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ sharing
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:54:07,100 --> 00:54:10,560
2195
+ ู‡ุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ bond ู‡ุงุฏู‰ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ bond ู‡ุงุฏู‰ ุตุงุฑุช ุงูŠุด
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:54:10,560 --> 00:54:16,440
2199
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุตุงุฑุช ู‡ู†ุง ุจุณุชู…ุฑ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจูŠูƒุณุฑ ู‡ุงุฏู‰ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุงุฏู‰
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:54:16,440 --> 00:54:24,000
2203
+ ุจุณุชู…ุฑ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ shear force
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:54:24,000 --> 00:54:29,930
2207
+ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ deformation one atomicspacing ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:54:29,930 --> 00:54:33,910
2211
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ deformation ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‘ูŠ ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:54:33,910 --> 00:54:37,990
2215
+ ุนู† loading ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† axle ุงูˆ torsion ุงูˆ bending ุงูˆ
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:54:37,990 --> 00:54:43,230
2219
+ ุงูŠ combination ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุจุชูƒูˆู† by slip mechanism ุงูˆ
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:54:43,230 --> 00:54:50,070
2223
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ู„ู„ dislocation ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ู…ูƒุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:54:50,070 --> 00:54:54,060
2227
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ deformation ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉุงู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณูˆูŠ ุจุชุญูƒู…
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:54:54,060 --> 00:54:59,340
2231
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ slip mechanism ู‡ุฐุง
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:54:59,340 --> 00:55:03,840
2235
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ strengthening ุงูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุถุนู
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:55:03,840 --> 00:55:07,840
2239
+ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูŠุฏูŠุด ุจุนูŠู‚ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:55:07,840 --> 00:55:13,140
2243
+ dislocation ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู‚ูˆู‰ ุงูˆ ุจุณู‡ู„ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:55:13,140 --> 00:55:16,500
2247
+ dislocation ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ deformation ู‡ูŠ
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:55:16,500 --> 00:55:21,960
2251
+ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุงู„ุฎุงุต ู„ู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุง ุณูˆุงุก ุจุทุฑู‚
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:55:21,960 --> 00:55:24,720
2255
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุฎู„ุงุต ู…ู† ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุน
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:55:24,720 --> 00:55:31,480
2259
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุง ุงูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุจุทุฑู‚ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุถูŠู ุชุณุจูŠูƒ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:55:31,480 --> 00:55:40,800
2263
+ ุฃุณุจูƒ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:55:40,800 --> 00:55:45,800
2267
+ ุตูˆุฑุฉ transmission electron microscope ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุณุจูŠูƒุฉ
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:55:45,800 --> 00:55:52,400
2271
+ ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูˆู…ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู…ูƒุจุฑู‡ุง ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุฃู„ู
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:55:52,400 --> 00:55:59,980
2275
+ ุถุนู ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู…ุซู„ ุงูŠุงุด dislocations ุงูˆ
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:55:59,980 --> 00:56:04,680
2279
+ ุนูŠูˆุจ ุฎุทูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ dislocation ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:56:04,680 --> 00:56:08,780
2283
+ ูˆ ุจุชุชุฎุฑุจุด ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงูƒุชุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ slip
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:56:08,780 --> 00:56:15,100
2287
+ ุฃุตุนุจ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงูŠุงุด ุงู‚ูˆู‰ ุจุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูŠุฉ ุงูˆ
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:56:15,100 --> 00:56:20,210
2291
+ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉุงูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุฒูˆุฏ
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:56:20,210 --> 00:56:25,210
2295
+ ุงู„ุฎุฑุจุดุฉ ุฏู‡ ุงุฒูˆุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ dislocations ุงูˆ
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:56:25,210 --> 00:56:29,510
2299
+ ุงุฎุฑุจุดู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ูุงู„ strength ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:56:29,510 --> 00:56:35,870
2303
+ strength ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:56:35,870 --> 00:56:39,490
2307
+ ุงูŠ ุณุคุงู„ุŸ
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:56:39,490 --> 00:56:41,610
2311
+ ุฏูƒ ูˆู„ุง ุนููˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2312
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbBCceOozNtoSQCtYlAhMQo/yPlYrmz9PTk_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwbBCceOozNtoSQCtYlAhMQo/yPlYrmz9PTk_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2312 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:05,430 --> 00:00:08,310
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠูƒู… ูˆ ุฑุญู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูˆ
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:08,310 --> 00:00:14,390
7
+ ุจุฑูƒุงุชู‡ ู‡ู†ูƒู…ู„ ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ hand-dust ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:14,390 --> 00:00:17,690
11
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ crystal structures ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:17,690 --> 00:00:21,370
15
+ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ crystal structures ุงู„ cubic
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:21,370 --> 00:00:24,330
19
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ cubic ุนู†ุฏูŠ body-centered cubic ูˆ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:24,330 --> 00:00:27,960
23
+ face-centered cubicูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุงู„ hexagonal closed
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:27,960 --> 00:00:33,180
27
+ peaked ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ points ุงู„ directions ุงู„ planes
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:33,180 --> 00:00:38,240
31
+ ูˆ ูƒูŠู ู†ุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ X-ray diffraction ุนุดุงู† ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:38,240 --> 00:00:42,580
35
+ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุณูˆุงุก ู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ู†ุชุนุฑู
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:42,580 --> 00:00:45,600
39
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง reflection ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:45,600 --> 00:00:50,120
43
+ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ู‚ุต ู‚ุท ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุดุนุฉ ุตูŠู†ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุญู„ู†ุง ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:50,120 --> 00:00:53,600
47
+ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง excel sheet ู„ู„ X-ray diffraction
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:55,080 --> 00:01:00,580
51
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† imperfections in solids ุงู„ุงู†
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:00,580 --> 00:01:08,600
55
+ perfect ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ูƒู…ุงู„ ุตุญ possible ู…ู…ูƒู† impossible
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:09,560 --> 00:01:13,740
59
+ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู imperfections ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุด ู…ูŠุฉ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:13,740 --> 00:01:17,640
63
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู†ู…ูˆุฐุฌูŠุฉุŒ ุงู„ุฒุฑุงุช ู…ุตุฑูุฉุŒ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุฎู„ู„ ุงูˆ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:17,640 --> 00:01:21,440
67
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงูŠุด some imperfections ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:21,440 --> 00:01:25,400
71
+ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ imperfections ุงู„ imperfections
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:25,400 --> 00:01:29,680
75
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงู† ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุด ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:29,680 --> 00:01:33,670
79
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุจุชู‚ุนู„ู‡ ุดูˆุงู‚ุจุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:33,670 --> 00:01:38,810
83
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุฌู…ุฏ ู…ุนุฏู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู…ู†
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:38,810 --> 00:01:43,130
87
+ ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ู…ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ุต ุฌูˆุฉ ุงู„ุจูˆุชู‚ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุจุฑูŠุฏ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:43,130 --> 00:01:49,850
91
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑุงู† ุงู„ุขู†
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:49,850 --> 00:01:52,650
95
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ูู‚ูˆุงุช ู‡ูˆุงุก ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุฃุณูˆุฃ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงู†ู‡
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:52,650 --> 00:01:58,530
99
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ุนุฏู… ูƒู…ุงู„ ุชุนู…ู„ ุนุฏู… ูƒู…ุงู„ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู„ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู„ ู‡ูˆ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:58,530 --> 00:02:04,460
103
+ ุงุดูŠ ุณูŠุกู„ุฃ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู„ ููŠ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:04,460 --> 00:02:10,060
107
+ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุจุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ุขู† ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ why ู„ูŠุด ุจู†ุฏุฑุณ ุนุฏู…
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:10,060 --> 00:02:14,680
111
+ ุงู„ูƒู…ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:14,680 --> 00:02:22,930
115
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุณุจุจ ุชุชุฃุซุฑ ุจูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ู„ุฃ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:22,930 --> 00:02:26,750
119
+ ู†ุญูƒูŠ crystalline defectุŒ defect ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุŒ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:26,750 --> 00:02:30,230
123
+ ุฎู„ู„ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ lattice
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:30,230 --> 00:02:35,490
127
+ irregularity having one or more of its dimensions
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:35,490 --> 00:02:37,790
131
+ in the order of an atomic diameterุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:37,790 --> 00:02:42,010
135
+ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑุฉ ู†ุธุฑูŠุง
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:42,010 --> 00:02:47,470
139
+ ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู…ุงูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ ู†ุธุฑูŠุง ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู…ุงูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุŒ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:47,470 --> 00:02:53,080
143
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุถุฑุฑ ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุฉุถุฑุฑ ู…ุญุดูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ููŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:53,080 --> 00:02:57,320
147
+ ุดูˆุงุฆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชุนุชุจุฑ ุฎู„ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:57,320 --> 00:03:04,020
151
+ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุขู†
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:04,020 --> 00:03:10,740
155
+ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุชุตู†ู ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ูˆู„ุง
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:10,740 --> 00:03:17,020
159
+ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ู„ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงูˆ ุงู„ dimension ุชุจุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู†
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:17,020 --> 00:03:22,920
163
+ ุงู„ imperfectionsููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฎู„ุงู„ ู†ู‚ุทูŠ point defects ุฃูˆ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:22,920 --> 00:03:25,760
167
+ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฎุทูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ line defects ุงูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:25,760 --> 00:03:29,800
171
+ dislocations ุงูˆ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุณุทุญูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ solid defects ุงูˆ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:29,800 --> 00:03:38,780
175
+ surface defects ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุงู„ point defects ุงู„
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:38,780 --> 00:03:43,110
179
+ point defects ุงูˆ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทูŠุจูƒูˆู† ุฏูŠ localized
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:43,110 --> 00:03:46,570
183
+ disruptions in an otherwise perfect atomic or
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:46,570 --> 00:03:49,910
187
+ ionic arrangement of a crystal ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏูƒ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:49,910 --> 00:03:56,270
191
+ ุนุฏู… ุงู†ุชุธุงู… ุฃูˆ ููŠู‡ ุฎู„ู„ ู…ุง ุฃูˆ ุฅุด ู…ููƒูˆุฏ ุฃูˆ ุฅุด ุฅุฒุฏูŠุงุฏุฉ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:56,270 --> 00:04:00,170
195
+ ุฃูˆ ุฅุด ู…ุญุดูˆุฑ in an otherwise perfect ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:00,170 --> 00:04:02,850
199
+ ู†ุธุฑูŠุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠุงุด perfect ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุตูู‘ุทุฉ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:02,850 --> 00:04:09,730
203
+ 100% ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ imperfections ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:10,580 --> 00:04:16,160
207
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†ุงุช ู„ู…ุง ุชุฃุฎุฏ ุทุงู‚ุฉ
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:16,160 --> 00:04:21,140
211
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุช ุฃุฎุฏุช ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุฅู…ุง ุจุงู„ุชุณุฎูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:21,140 --> 00:04:29,260
215
+ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุฃูˆ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุฌูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฆุจ ุจุดูƒู„ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุฃูˆ ุงู„
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:29,260 --> 00:04:33,860
219
+ doping ุงู„ doping ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุญุท ุดูˆุงุฆุจ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฅุถุงููŠุฉ ุจุดูƒู„
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:33,860 --> 00:04:37,940
223
+ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ู…ุญุณูˆุจุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุญุต ุนู„ู‰ ุฎูˆุงุต ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:37,940 --> 00:04:38,600
227
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ doping
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:41,860 --> 00:04:47,640
231
+ ุงู„ impurities ุงูˆ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฆุจ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:47,640 --> 00:04:52,340
235
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู‚ู…ุจ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:52,340 --> 00:04:56,080
239
+ ุงู„ุฎุงู… ุงูˆ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:56,080 --> 00:05:01,530
243
+ ุงูŠุดุŸ ุดูˆุงุฆุจุŸ ุงู†ุง ู…ุงููŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุดูƒู„ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏุงู„
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:01,530 --> 00:05:06,870
247
+ dopants ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุงุตุฑ ุงูˆ ู…ุฑูƒุจุงุช ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุถูŠูู‡ุง ุจุชุฑูƒูŠุฒุงุช
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:06,870 --> 00:05:11,370
251
+ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ููŠ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ micro structure ุจู‡ุฏู
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:11,370 --> 00:05:18,850
255
+ ุงู„ุญุตูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎูˆุงุต ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ dopants ุงู„
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:18,850 --> 00:05:24,090
259
+ carbon steel ุงุฒุงูŠ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:24,090 --> 00:05:28,570
263
+ ุงุถูŠู ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงูˆ ุงูˆ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:28,570 --> 00:05:36,370
267
+ ุฃุดุจู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุตู„ุงุช ู…ุธุจูˆุทุŸุงู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูƒูˆู† ุบูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุตู„ ู„ุฃู† ุจุถูŠู
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:36,370 --> 00:05:40,310
271
+ ู„ู‡ ูุณููˆุฑ ุงูˆ ุจุฑูˆู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุงูˆ ุฌุฑู…ุงู†ูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠูˆุตู„ ุจุฏุฑุฌุฉ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:40,310 --> 00:05:45,610
275
+ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ุงู†ุง ุจุชุญูƒู… ููŠู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุถูŠูู‡ุง
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:45,610 --> 00:05:49,610
279
+ ุงูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุณููˆุฑ ุงูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู† ุงูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฑู…ุงู†ูŠูˆู…
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:49,610 --> 00:05:52,630
283
+ ุงู„
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:52,630 --> 00:05:58,760
287
+ point defects ููŠ ุงู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู†ู‡ุงููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ vacancy vacancy
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:58,760 --> 00:06:03,760
291
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุฑุงุบ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู‡ูŠู† ููŠ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู„ูƒู†
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:06:03,760 --> 00:06:07,300
295
+ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ูŠู† ุถุฑุฑ ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูŠุด ูุฑุงุบ ููŠ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:06:07,300 --> 00:06:13,740
299
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ vacancy ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ self-interstitial self
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:13,740 --> 00:06:17,700
303
+ -interstitial ุงู† ููŠ ุถุฑุฑ ู…ุญุดูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุฃุญุฏ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:17,700 --> 00:06:21,220
307
+ ู…ุญุดูˆุฑุฉ ุญุดุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงุณู…ุฉ self
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:21,220 --> 00:06:27,420
311
+ -interstitialู…ุญุดูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ู…ูˆู‚ุน ูุฑุงุบ ุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ูˆู‚ุน
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:27,420 --> 00:06:31,240
315
+ ุงู„ุชุงุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฎู„ูˆู‚ ุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ููŠู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:31,240 --> 00:06:32,420
319
+ substitutional
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:34,500 --> 00:06:39,100
323
+ porn defect ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุง ุจุณุชุจุฏู„ ุถุฑุฑ ุงู„ุฃู… ุจุถุฑุฑ ุฃุฎุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:39,100 --> 00:06:43,720
327
+ ูˆุถูุช ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ุจุณ ููŠู‡ ุถุฑุฑุงุช ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ ุชุณุชุจุฏู„
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:43,720 --> 00:06:46,880
331
+ ุถุฑุฑุงุช ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ุชุงุฎุฏ ู…ูˆุงู‚ุน ู„ุถุฑุฑุงุช ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ู‰
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:46,880 --> 00:06:53,900
335
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ defect ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ defect
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:53,900 --> 00:06:59,520
339
+ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ู„ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ุชุฑุณุชูŠุดูŠุงู„ foreign atom
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:07:02,840 --> 00:07:06,380
343
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุณุชุจุฏู„ุด ุถุงุฑุฉ ุจุณ ุจุดูˆู ูˆุงู† ููŠ ูุฑุงุบ ูˆ ุจุชู†ุญุดุฑ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:07:06,380 --> 00:07:09,060
347
+ ุงู„ุถุงุฑุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุถุงุฑุฉ ุบุฑูŠุจุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ carbon ู…ุน
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:07:09,060 --> 00:07:13,580
351
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู†ุต ู‚ุทุฑ ุถุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ .. ู…ูŠู† ุฃูƒุจุฑุŸ ุถุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงูˆ
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:07:13,580 --> 00:07:20,930
355
+ ุถุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุฏุงุฑุช ุงุญุฏ ุงูƒุจุฑ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ุงู† ุงู„ูุฑุงุบ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:20,930 --> 00:07:24,850
359
+ ุงู† ุฏุงุฑุด ุญุถูˆุฑู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† BCC body centered cubic ุงู„
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:24,850 --> 00:07:28,910
363
+ body centered cubic ุงู„ atomic packing factor ู„ู‡ 68
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:28,910 --> 00:07:34,350
367
+ % ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ 22% ูุฑุงุบุงุช ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ูƒ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุจูˆู† ููŠ
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:34,350 --> 00:07:37,850
371
+ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ุฏูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู„ุงู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูŠู†ุญุดุฑ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุด
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:37,850 --> 00:07:43,270
375
+ ูˆุงุณุน ู„ู‡ 100% ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุงูŠุด ูŠุนู…ู„ distortion ุนุดุงู† ูŠู†ุญุดุฑ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:43,270 --> 00:07:44,270
379
+ ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:47,790 --> 00:07:53,850
383
+ ููŠ ูุฑู†ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุงู„ุฃูŠูˆู†ูŠุฉ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:53,850 --> 00:07:59,050
387
+ ุงูŠูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ูุณู‡ุง ุฌู‡ุฏ ุงูŠูˆู† ุณุงู„ู… ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:59,050 --> 00:08:02,630
391
+ ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ู‰ ุงุด ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงูŠูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุจ ูˆู‡ูˆ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:08:02,630 --> 00:08:08,410
395
+ ุงู„ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงูŠุด ูุฑู†ูƒู„ ูู‰ ุดูƒูˆุชูƒุงูŠ defect
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:08:08,410 --> 00:08:13,530
399
+ ู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงูŠูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุจูˆู‡ูŠู† ุงูŠูˆู†
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:08:13,530 --> 00:08:17,430
403
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ุณุงู„ุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏ ุงู†ุฏูŠ ุงูŠูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุจู„ู‡ ุงูŠูˆู†
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:08:17,430 --> 00:08:21,790
407
+ ุณุงู„ุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ schottky defect ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ููŠ ุงู„
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:21,790 --> 00:08:25,790
411
+ course ุจุชุงุนู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ vacancy point defect ูˆ ุงู„ self
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:25,790 --> 00:08:28,590
415
+ -interstitial point defect ูˆ ุงู„ institutional
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:28,590 --> 00:08:31,270
419
+ point defect ูˆ ุงู„ interstitial point defect ู‡ุฏูˆู„
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:31,270 --> 00:08:32,850
423
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุชู…ูŠ ููŠู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ course ู‡ุฐุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:40,460 --> 00:08:45,980
427
+ ุงู„ vacancies and self-interestations ุงู„ vacancies
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:45,980 --> 00:08:52,740
431
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุถุฑุน ุงูˆ ุงูŠูˆู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุŒ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:52,740 --> 00:08:58,520
435
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ูŠู† ุถุฑุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูู‚ูˆุฏุฉูุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงูŠุด
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:58,520 --> 00:09:03,000
439
+ ูุฑุงุบุฉ vacancy ุงูˆ self-interstitial ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‘ุฉ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:09:03,000 --> 00:09:06,380
443
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ู…ุนูŠู† ุงุฌุชู…ุงุนุง ุญุดุฑุช ููŠ ูุฑุงุบุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:09:06,380 --> 00:09:08,620
447
+ self-interstitial ู„ูŠุด ุณู…ูˆู‡ุง self-interstitial ู„ุฃู†ู‡
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:09:08,620 --> 00:09:16,240
451
+ ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุทุจุนุง
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:16,240 --> 00:09:18,740
455
+ ุงู„ vacancy point defects ุงูˆ self-interstitial
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:18,740 --> 00:09:23,560
459
+ point defects ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฌู…ุฏ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:23,560 --> 00:09:25,340
463
+ ุนู†ุฏ ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ุฑุชูุนุฉ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:30,340 --> 00:09:37,120
467
+ ุงู„ุงู† ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ููŠ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:37,120 --> 00:09:41,020
471
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุงู† V ุชูˆุชุฑ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ N exponential minus
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:41,020 --> 00:09:45,480
475
+ QV ุนู„ู‰ K ููŠ T ุงู„ุงู† V ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ total number of
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:45,480 --> 00:09:49,180
479
+ vacancies per cubic centimeter ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุงู† V ุนุฏุฏ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:49,180 --> 00:09:54,520
483
+ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู„ูƒู„ ุณู†ุชู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ุงู„ุงู† ุนุฏุฏ ุฐุฑุงุช
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:54,520 --> 00:10:00,850
487
+ ููŠ ุฅูŠุด ู„ูƒู„ ุณู†ุชู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจูˆ ุงู„ N ุชูุนุทู‰ ุจุงู„ N A ููŠ ุฑูˆ
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:10:00,850 --> 00:10:09,450
491
+ ุนู„ู‰ A ุงู„ N A ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ Avogadro ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃุชู… ู„ูƒู„ ุฅูŠุด
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:09,450 --> 00:10:16,150
495
+ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ุงู„ ุฑูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ density ุงุฌุฑุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุตู…ุช
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:16,150 --> 00:10:21,750
499
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ ุงู„ A ู„ุฃุชู… ุงู„ูƒูˆูŠุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:21,750 --> 00:10:28,210
503
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃุชู… per cubic centimeterุงู„ู€ QV ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:28,210 --> 00:10:31,630
507
+ energy required for formation of vacancy ุนุดุงู† ุชุตูŠุฑ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:31,630 --> 00:10:37,270
511
+ ููŠ vacancyุŒ ุงู„ vacancy ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ุทุงู‚ุฉุŒ ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ุทุงู‚ุฉ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:37,270 --> 00:10:43,610
515
+ ูู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ QV ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ energy to form a vacancy ุงู„ K
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:43,610 --> 00:10:44,650
519
+ ุงู„ gas constant
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:47,190 --> 00:10:51,930
523
+ ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ ุจุชุญุชุฑู ููŠ ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:51,930 --> 00:10:54,690
527
+ jewel ู„ูƒู„ ุงุทู… ู„ูƒู„ Kelvin ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ูŠู…ุชู‡ one point
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:54,690 --> 00:10:57,930
531
+ three eight ูุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:57,930 --> 00:11:02,170
535
+ ุงู„ K ูˆุญุฏุฉ electron volt ู„ูƒู„ ุงุทู… ู„ูƒู„ Kelvin ุจุชูƒูˆู†
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:02,170 --> 00:11:05,850
539
+ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ one ุณุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃู‚ุตู‰ ู†ุงู‚ุต ุฎู…ุณุฉ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:05,850 --> 00:11:10,230
543
+ electron volt ู„ูƒู„ ุงุทู… ู„ูƒู„ Kelvin ุทุจ ุงู„ T ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:10,230 --> 00:11:12,270
547
+ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุจุงู„ H ุจุงู„ Kelvin ุงู„ู…ุทู„ู‚
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:16,080 --> 00:11:20,560
551
+ ู„ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู…ุนุงุฏู† ุนู†ุฏ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู‚ู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:20,560 --> 00:11:26,080
555
+ melting point ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ ratio ุงู„ N V ุนู„ู‰ N
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:26,080 --> 00:11:30,000
559
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ู„ุนุฏุฏ ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ูƒู„ ุนุดุฑ ูˆ ุงุต ู†ุงู†ู‚ุต
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:30,000 --> 00:11:34,840
563
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูƒู„ ุนุดุฑ ุชู„ุงู ุฐุฑุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ูุฑุงุบ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:34,840 --> 00:11:42,720
567
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ูƒู„ ุนุดุฑ ุชู„ุงู ุฐุฑุฉ ููŠ ูุฑุงุบ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:42,720 --> 00:11:44,360
571
+ ุงู†ุญู„ ู…ุซุงู„
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:50,960 --> 00:11:55,100
575
+ Calculate the equilibrium number of vacancies per
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:55,100 --> 00:11:58,820
579
+ cubic meter for copper at 1000 degrees ุงูˆู„ ุดูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:58,820 --> 00:12:09,580
583
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฏู‡ ุงู†ุง ุญุงุณุจ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ุนุงูˆูŠุฉ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:12:09,580 --> 00:12:13,240
587
+ The
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:13,240 --> 00:12:15,160
591
+ energy for vacancy formation
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:22,050 --> 00:12:26,970
595
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ on nine electron
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:26,970 --> 00:12:38,070
599
+ volt ู„ูƒู„ atom the
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:38,070 --> 00:12:40,710
603
+ atom equate and density at one thousand degrees
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:40,710 --> 00:12:43,670
607
+ for copper are ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุณุชูŠู† ูˆู…ุตุฑ ุฌุฑุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ ูˆ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:43,670 --> 00:12:48,410
611
+ ุชู…ุงู„ูŠุฉ ุจูˆู†ุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฌุฑุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตู…ุช ุจุช ู…ูƒุนุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:48,410 --> 00:12:49,510
615
+ atom equate ุงู„ a
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:53,430 --> 00:13:03,290
619
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุชูŠู† ูˆ ู†ุต ุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ูˆ ุงู„
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:13:03,290 --> 00:13:18,050
623
+ density ุงู„ raw ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ point ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุฌุฑุงู… ุจุฏู‡
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:13:18,050 --> 00:13:26,630
627
+ ุงู„ envy ุจุฏู‡ ุงู„ envyุงู„ุงู† V ุชู‚ุทุน ุจุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุฅูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู†
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:13:26,630 --> 00:13:29,850
631
+ exponential
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:29,850 --> 00:13:33,490
635
+ minus
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:33,490 --> 00:13:46,630
639
+ QV ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุงูุฉ T ุงู„
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:46,630 --> 00:13:52,840
643
+ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ QVู…ุนุทูŠู†ูŠู‡ุง ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุจุงู„ Kelvin ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:52,840 --> 00:14:00,000
647
+ ุฃู„ู ูˆ ู…ุชูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† point ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ Kelvin
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:14:00,000 --> 00:14:09,140
651
+ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ temperature ูˆ ุงู„ K ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:14:09,140 --> 00:14:17,200
655
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช ุงู„ K ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ point ุณุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:14:22,340 --> 00:14:28,040
659
+ ูุนุดุฑุฉ ุณุงู„ุจ ุฎู…ุณุฉ electron
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:14:28,040 --> 00:14:38,560
663
+ volt ู„ูƒู„ atom ู„ูƒู„ Kelvin ู†ุนู…
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:14:38,560 --> 00:14:46,180
667
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:14:46,180 --> 00:14:49,560
671
+ ุฃุชุฃูƒุฏ ุงู„ูˆุญุฏุงุช ุณู‡ู„ ุฃุชุฃูƒุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ุง
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:14:53,800 --> 00:15:07,700
675
+ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุงู† ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุนุฏุฏ ูุฌุงุฏุฑู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ raw ุงู„ atom
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:15:07,700 --> 00:15:16,980
679
+ ูƒูˆูŠุช ุนุฏุฏ ูุฌุงุฏุฑู‡ ุงูŠุด ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุณุชุฉ ุณูุฑ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนุดุฑ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:15:16,980 --> 00:15:20,820
683
+ ุนู‚ุต ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† atom
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:15:23,750 --> 00:15:27,970
687
+ ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ุงู„
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:15:27,970 --> 00:15:32,190
691
+ raw ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:15:32,190 --> 00:15:45,210
695
+ point ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ู„ูƒู„ something ู…ุซู„ ู…ูƒุนุจ ูˆ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:15:45,210 --> 00:15:50,770
699
+ ุงู„ atom equate ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ู†ุต
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:15:54,720 --> 00:16:03,880
703
+ ุงู‚ุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ูƒูˆูŠุณ ูŠุชูˆูŠู„ ูˆุญุฏุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:16:03,880 --> 00:16:09,240
707
+ ู‡ุงูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู‚ุฑุงู… ู…ูˆู„ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู…ุน ู…ูˆู„ ูˆ gram ู…ุน gram
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:16:09,240 --> 00:16:20,320
711
+ ุจุชุตููŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุจุณุจูˆู„ูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:16:20,320 --> 00:16:20,740
715
+ ู‡ูˆ atom
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:16:26,660 --> 00:16:34,240
719
+ ู„ูƒู„ ุตู…ุช ู…ูƒุนุจ ุงูƒู…ู„ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ุฑู‚ู…
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:16:34,240 --> 00:16:38,100
723
+ ุณุจุนู…ูŠุฉ
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:16:38,100 --> 00:16:47,480
727
+ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชุณุนูŠู† ุณุชุฉ ูˆุชุณุนูŠู† ูˆุงู† ุณุชุฉ
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:16:47,480 --> 00:16:48,500
731
+ ูˆุงุฑุจุนุงุด ุจุณ ุนุดุฑูŠู†
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:16:54,510 --> 00:17:01,830
735
+ ุทูŠุจ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ุงู† V ุงู„ุงู†
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:17:01,830 --> 00:17:08,710
739
+ V ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุณุจุนู…ุงุฆุฉ ูˆ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ ุชุณุนูŠู†
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:17:08,710 --> 00:17:11,990
743
+ ุจูˆู†
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:17:11,990 --> 00:17:17,230
747
+ ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณุนุฉ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:17:17,230 --> 00:17:30,100
751
+ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฃุชู… ู„ูƒู„ ุณุงุนุช ู…ู† ูƒุนุจูู‰ ุงู„ู€ exponential ู„ู€
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:17:30,100 --> 00:17:37,620
755
+ minus QV ุงู„ู„ู‰
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:17:37,620 --> 00:17:46,580
759
+ ู‡ู‰ one ุชุณุนุฉ electron volt ู„ูƒู„
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:17:46,580 --> 00:17:52,120
763
+ atom ูู‰
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:17:52,120 --> 00:17:52,460
767
+ Kelvin
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:17:57,660 --> 00:18:06,760
771
+ ุนู„ู‰ ูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจูˆู† ุณุชุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:18:06,760 --> 00:18:14,500
775
+ electron volt ู„ูƒู„
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:18:14,500 --> 00:18:19,940
779
+ atom ู„ูƒู„
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:18:19,940 --> 00:18:20,500
783
+ Kelvin
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:18:25,820 --> 00:18:31,700
787
+ ููŠู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฏูŠ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:18:31,700 --> 00:18:40,680
791
+ ู„ูƒูŠูˆ ุนู„ู‰
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:18:40,680 --> 00:18:47,960
795
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:18:47,960 --> 00:18:53,120
799
+ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู ูˆ ู…ุชูŠู† ุงู„ู
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:18:53,120 --> 00:19:05,690
803
+ ูˆ ู…ุชูŠู†ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุณุจุนูŠู† point ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ Kelvin ู‡ุชุฑูˆุญ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:19:05,690 --> 00:19:08,770
807
+ atom ู…ุน atom Kelvin ู…ุน Kelvin ูˆ electron volt ู…ุน
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:19:08,770 --> 00:19:20,490
811
+ electron volt ููƒุฑุฉ ุฏู‡ ุชุตุญู‰ ุฃูƒู… ุชุทู„ุน ุชูุณุฑ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:19:20,490 --> 00:19:21,050
815
+ ูุงุตู„ุฉ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:19:29,740 --> 00:19:35,560
819
+ ู„ุฃ ุบู„ุท ุฅูŠู‡ ุนุดุฑ ูˆุงู„ุณุงู„ู‚ ู‚ู†ุตุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุนุฏุฏ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:19:35,560 --> 00:19:40,460
823
+ ุฐุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠ cancel ุฅูŠู‡ ุนุดุฑ ูˆุงู„ุณุงู„ู‚ ู‚ู†ุตุŸ ู†ุนู… 8.62
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:19:40,460 --> 00:19:50,540
827
+ ุนุดุฑ ูˆุงู„ุณุงู„ู‚ ู‚ู†ุต ู‡ุฐูŠุŸ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุณุงู„ู‚ ุฎู…ุณุฉ 2.18 ุนุดุฑ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:19:50,540 --> 00:19:52,640
831
+ ูˆุงู„ุณุงู„ู‚ ู‚ู†ุต ุฃูƒุงู… ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŸ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:20:01,710 --> 00:20:08,330
835
+ vacancy ู„ูƒู„ some ู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:20:08,330 --> 00:20:16,210
839
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ุฃูƒู…ุŸ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† point
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:20:16,210 --> 00:20:22,850
843
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ุชุณุนุชุงุด ููŠ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:20:22,850 --> 00:20:26,430
847
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ุชุณุนุฉ ุตุญุŸ ุฃูˆ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃุณ ุณุชุฉ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:20:29,750 --> 00:20:36,750
851
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ vacancy ู„ูƒู„ ู…ุชุฑ ู…ูƒุนุจ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุตู…ุช .. ุงู„ู…ุชุฑ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:20:36,750 --> 00:20:42,710
855
+ ุตู…ุช ูู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุนุดุฑ ุนู‚ู„ ุณุชุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† point ูˆุงุญุฏ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:20:42,710 --> 00:20:46,450
859
+ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ููŠ ุนุดุฑ ุนู‚ู„ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุนุดุฑูŠู† vacancy ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุชุฑ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:20:46,450 --> 00:20:47,050
863
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุนุจ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:20:59,940 --> 00:21:09,200
867
+ ููŠ ุงูŠ ุณุคุงู„ุŸ ุทูŠุจ ุทูŠุจ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:21:09,200 --> 00:21:16,460
871
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซุงู„ ุจุณูŠุท ู„ูˆ ุถูุช ุณูƒุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:21:16,460 --> 00:21:25,820
875
+ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุญุฑูƒุช ู‡ุชุฏูˆุณ ุตุญุŸ ู„ูˆ ูƒุชุฑุชู‡ุชุฏูˆุจ ุญุตู„ ู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:21:25,820 --> 00:21:31,000
879
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ู‡ูŠุฏูˆุจ ูˆุฌุฒุก
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:21:31,000 --> 00:21:34,620
883
+ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฑุงุณุจ ุงู„ุฑุงุณุจ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:21:34,620 --> 00:21:39,540
887
+ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ solution ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ู„ู…ุง ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:21:39,540 --> 00:21:42,500
891
+ ูƒุชุฑุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ second phase ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:21:42,500 --> 00:21:53,080
895
+ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุณูƒุฑูŠ ูˆ ุณูƒุฑ ุตู„ุจ ุงู„ุขู† ู„ูˆ ุถูุช ุจุฏู„ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:21:57,470 --> 00:22:06,630
899
+ ุนุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฑู…ู„ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูŠุฏูˆุจุŸ ุงูŠู‡ ู„ุฃ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุชูƒูˆู†
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:22:06,630 --> 00:22:11,790
903
+ ุงูˆ ุนุฏู… ุชูƒูˆู† second phase ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงูˆ second
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:22:11,790 --> 00:22:16,530
907
+ phase ุจูŠุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุดุงุฆุจ ุงู„ impurity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:22:16,530 --> 00:22:22,350
911
+ ุบูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงู„ุฑู…ู„ ุบูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงุดูŠ ุชุงู†ูŠุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:22:22,350 --> 00:22:25,690
915
+ ุงุฐุง ุญุทูŠุช ุณูƒุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุงู‚ุฏุฑุด ุงุฏูˆู‰ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:22:25,690 --> 00:22:29,830
919
+ ุงูŠุด second phase ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ concentration ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:22:29,830 --> 00:22:32,530
923
+ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠุช ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุชูƒูˆู† second phase ูˆ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:22:32,530 --> 00:22:38,770
927
+ ุณุฎู†ุช ุจุฏูˆุจ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุจุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ูŠุด ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:22:38,770 --> 00:22:42,230
931
+ addition of purity to metals ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ solid
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:22:42,230 --> 00:22:47,750
935
+ solution and or second phase ุงุนุชุจุงุฏ ุนู„ูŠ ู†ูˆุน ุงู„
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:22:47,750 --> 00:22:56,640
939
+ impurityุณูƒุฑ ู…ู„ุญ ุฑู…ู„ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุงู„
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:22:56,640 --> 00:23:01,060
943
+ concentration ูˆุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ุง ูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:23:01,060 --> 00:23:04,680
947
+ ุงู„ุณุงุฆู„ุฉ ูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู„ูŠุงุด ุงู„ุตู„ุจุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆูŠู†
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:23:04,680 --> 00:23:13,260
951
+ ุนู†ุฏูŠ solid solution ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุตู„ุจ ุงู„ู…ุฐุงุจ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:23:13,260 --> 00:23:16,660
955
+ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ solvent ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฐูŠุจ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:23:18,110 --> 00:23:21,570
959
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฐูŠุจ ุงู„ solvent ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฐูŠุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุถุงู
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:23:21,570 --> 00:23:26,390
963
+ ุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุน ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงูˆ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:23:26,390 --> 00:23:31,430
967
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุฐูŠุจ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ solvent ุงู„ solute ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:23:31,430 --> 00:23:36,010
971
+ element ุงูˆ ุงู„ compound ุจุงู„ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงูŠุด
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:23:36,010 --> 00:23:39,370
975
+ ุงู„ู…ุฐุงุจ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุญ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ุงูˆ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:23:39,370 --> 00:23:45,210
979
+ ุงู„ุณูƒุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ูŠู‡ ูููŠู† ุฏูŠ solvent ูˆ solute ู…ุฐุงุจ ูˆ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:23:45,210 --> 00:23:45,650
983
+ ู…ุฐูŠุจ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:23:51,770 --> 00:23:53,730
987
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู† ุงู„ solid solution ุงู„ solid
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:23:53,730 --> 00:23:59,790
991
+ solution ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุตู„ุจ as ุชุชูˆูุฑ ุชุดุฑูˆุท ุชุงู„ูŠุฉ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:23:59,790 --> 00:24:05,290
995
+ solid atoms are added to host material ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:24:05,290 --> 00:24:10,510
999
+ ุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ู…ุฐุงุจ ุชู… ุฅุถุงูุชู‡ุง ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู… ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู„
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:24:10,510 --> 00:24:14,850
1003
+ ุฅุถุงูู†ุงู‡ุง ู„ู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ crystal structure is maintained
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:24:14,850 --> 00:24:19,330
1007
+ ุฅุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ู…ุง ุบูŠุฑุด
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:24:19,330 --> 00:24:21,470
1011
+ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุถุงู„ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ูƒุงู†
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:24:21,470 --> 00:24:25,150
1015
+ BCC ุถู„ูˆุง BCC ูƒุงู† FCC ุถู„ูˆุง FCC ูƒุงู† HCP ุถู„ูˆุง HCP
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:24:25,150 --> 00:24:30,470
1019
+ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ no new structures are formed ู…ุง ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุด
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:24:30,470 --> 00:24:35,510
1023
+ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ู…ุงุตุงุฑุด ุชูุงุนู„ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูƒูˆู†ุฉ ุงู†ุฏูŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุงุช
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:24:35,510 --> 00:24:40,290
1027
+ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจุญูƒูŠ ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุตู„ุจ ุงุฐุง ุถูุช
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:24:40,290 --> 00:24:45,770
1031
+ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุตู„ุจุฉ ุจูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุฏุงุจ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:24:47,120 --> 00:24:49,680
1035
+ ูˆ ุญุงูุธุช ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ูˆ ู…ุงุชุบูŠุฑุด ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:24:49,680 --> 00:24:54,420
1039
+ ุงู„ุจู„ูˆุฑูŠ ูˆ ู…ุงุตุงุฑุด ุชูุงุนู„ ูˆ ู…ุงุตุงุฑุด new structure ููŠ
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:24:54,420 --> 00:25:07,300
1043
+ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุงุช ุจูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ ุจุญูƒูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‰ solid solution ู„ุฃ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:25:07,300 --> 00:25:16,390
1047
+ ู„ุฃ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ carbon ู„ู…ุง ู†ุธูŠูู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุถุบุท
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:25:16,390 --> 00:25:21,310
1051
+ ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุจุชุนู…ู„ interstitial point defect ุถุบุท ูƒุฑุจูˆู†
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:25:21,310 --> 00:25:24,790
1055
+ ุจุชู„ุญุด .. ุจุชู„ุญุดุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ crystal ุงู„
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:25:24,790 --> 00:25:26,890
1059
+ structure ุจุชุงุน ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูุถู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ ุงู… ุจูŠ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:25:26,890 --> 00:25:32,750
1063
+ ุณูŠ ุณูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชุบูŠุฑ ู„ู„ ุงู… ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงู… ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุงู…
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:25:35,980 --> 00:25:38,700
1067
+ solid solution is compositionally homogeneous ู…ู†
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:25:38,700 --> 00:25:43,160
1071
+ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุชุฑูƒุจูŠุฉ ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุงุฎุฏ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู†
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:25:43,160 --> 00:25:45,880
1075
+ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงูุญุต ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู†ูุณ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:25:45,880 --> 00:25:49,140
1079
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ู‰ ู…ุงูŠุนู†ูŠุด compositionally
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:25:49,140 --> 00:25:54,340
1083
+ homogeneous ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุชุฑูƒุจูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:25:56,230 --> 00:25:59,990
1087
+ ู…ุชุฌุงู†ุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ impurity atoms are randomly and
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:25:59,990 --> 00:26:02,750
1091
+ uniformly dispersed within the solid ุงู„ุขู† ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:26:02,750 --> 00:26:06,970
1095
+ ุงู„ุดูˆุงุฆุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ูˆุฒุนุฉ ูˆ ุชูˆุฒูŠุฉ ุนุดูˆุงุก
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:26:06,970 --> 00:26:10,930
1099
+ ูˆูŠู† ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ูˆ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒู…ุงู† uniform ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:26:10,930 --> 00:26:23,490
1103
+ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ู†ุธู…ุฉ ุงูˆ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ู…ู†ุชุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุงู†
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:26:23,490 --> 00:26:30,810
1107
+ ููŠ substitutional solid defectsุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:26:30,810 --> 00:26:33,310
1111
+ substitution ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุณุจุณุชูŠูˆุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุจุฏู„ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ ุจูŠุญู„
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:26:33,310 --> 00:26:39,610
1115
+ ุงู„ุงุดูŠ ุจุณูŠุท ู„ู…ุง ุถุฑู‡ ุงูˆ ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูˆู… ูŠุชู…
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:26:39,610 --> 00:26:42,310
1119
+ ุงุณุชูุฏุงู„ู‡ุง ุจุถุฑู‡ ุงูˆ ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู…ุถุงูุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:26:42,310 --> 00:26:45,610
1123
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ุงู„ู…ุฐุงุจ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‰ substitutional solid
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:26:45,610 --> 00:26:49,930
1127
+ solution can be introduced either as an impurity
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:26:49,930 --> 00:26:53,730
1131
+ or as a deliberate addition ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุตุงุฑ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:26:53,730 --> 00:27:01,170
1135
+ ุนู†ุฏู‰ุงุจุฏุงู„ ู„ุถุฑุฑุงุช ุงู„ุฃู… ุจุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฏุฎูŠู„ุฉ ุจุดูƒู„
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:27:01,170 --> 00:27:07,570
1139
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง impurity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดุงุฆุจุฉ ู…ู† ุบุตุจ ุงู„ุนู†ูŠ ุดุงุฆุจุฉ ุฎู„ุงู„
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:27:07,570 --> 00:27:12,170
1143
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุนุฏูŠู† ุงูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุงูˆ ุงู†ุง ุถูุชู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:27:12,170 --> 00:27:16,430
1147
+ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุถูŠู ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุจุดูƒู„ ู…ู‚ุตูˆุฏ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:27:16,430 --> 00:27:21,030
1151
+ number of defects ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ substitution of solid
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:27:21,030 --> 00:27:26,420
1155
+ solution ู†ุณุจูŠุง ุจุนุชู…ุฏุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉูˆู„ูƒู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:27:26,420 --> 00:27:33,800
1159
+ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุจุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุฃุซุฑุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ู…ุซุงู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:27:33,800 --> 00:27:37,680
1163
+ ุงู„ุฏูˆุจุงู†ุฒ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ููˆุณููˆุฑ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑูˆู„ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุถูŠูู‡ ู„ู„ุณูŠู„ูŠูƒูˆู†
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:27:37,680 --> 00:27:42,080
1167
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงูŠุด semiconductor ุงูˆ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:27:42,080 --> 00:27:45,400
1171
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุถูŠู ู„ู†ุญุงุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ ู„ู„ู†ุญุงุณ ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:27:45,400 --> 00:27:49,960
1175
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุญู„ ุถุฑุงุช ู†ุญุงุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุงุฎุฏ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:27:49,960 --> 00:27:54,750
1179
+ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ crystal ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ุญู„ู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู†ุญุงุณFCC
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:27:54,750 --> 00:28:01,390
1183
+ ูˆุงู„ู†ูŠูƒู„ FCC ู„ุฃู†
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:28:01,390 --> 00:28:07,730
1187
+ ููŠ ู‚ูˆุงู†ูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ุด
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:28:07,730 --> 00:28:14,170
1191
+ ุงู„ atomic size factor ุนุดุงู† ุฃุจุฏูŠ ุถุฑุฑ ู…ุญู„ ุถุฑุฑู„ุงุฒู…
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:28:14,170 --> 00:28:17,830
1195
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจ .. ู…ุงูŠู†ูุนุด ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุถุฑุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:28:17,830 --> 00:28:23,150
1199
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุชุณุชุจุฏุถ ุถุฑุฑ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุตุญุŸ ูู„ุงุฒู… atomic size
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:28:23,150 --> 00:28:26,450
1203
+ factorุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ู†ุตู ู‚ุทุฑ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:28:26,450 --> 00:28:32,530
1207
+ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุงู„ุฃู… ูˆ ู†ุตู ู‚ุทุฑ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุงู„ู…ุถูŠูุฉ ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 15% ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:28:32,530 --> 00:28:37,550
1211
+ ู„ูƒูˆู† ุญุฌู…ู‡ู… ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃูˆู„ rule otherwise ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:28:37,550 --> 00:28:42,270
1215
+ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุงู„ุฃู… ูˆ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑ ุงู„ุฏุฎูŠู„ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:28:43,240 --> 00:28:48,760
1219
+ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฏูŠ distortion ู‡ุชุชุดูˆู‡ distortion ุจุณ ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:28:48,760 --> 00:28:54,720
1223
+ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุชุงุญ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูˆ ุงุฌุจุช ุงุญุท ู…ุญู„ู‡ ุงุด ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:28:54,720 --> 00:29:00,320
1227
+ ุชู„ุฒุงุญ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูุจุชุชุดูˆู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ุงุด ุงู„ crystal
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:29:00,320 --> 00:29:05,320
1231
+ ูุจุญุงูุธุชุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ crystal ูุจุนู…ู„ a new .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ a
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:29:05,320 --> 00:29:11,490
1235
+ new phase a new phase ู‡ุชุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฏูŠุชู†ูŠู† ุนุดุงู† ุฃุนู…ู„
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:29:11,490 --> 00:29:17,590
1239
+ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ .. ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ู…
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:29:17,590 --> 00:29:23,010
1243
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ crystal structure ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุณุคุงู„ ุณุฃู„ุชู‡ ุฅุฐุง
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:29:23,010 --> 00:29:24,930
1247
+ ุจุชุฏุนู…ูŠ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:29:24,930 --> 00:29:27,970
1251
+ crystal structure ุจุณ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุฏุนู…ูŠ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ุดุงุฑูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:29:27,970 --> 00:29:31,290
1255
+ intersection of solid solution ู…ุด ุจุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ูุงู„ู„ูŠ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:29:31,290 --> 00:29:34,430
1259
+ ู„ู‡ู… ู†ูุณ ุงู„ crystal structure for both solvent and
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:29:34,430 --> 00:29:40,840
1263
+ solute ุงู„ุดุฑุท ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชElectronegativity ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:29:40,840 --> 00:29:45,960
1267
+ ุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฃู… ูˆุงู„ุฐุฑุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ู„ู‡ู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง comparable
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:29:45,960 --> 00:29:48,040
1271
+ Electronegativity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุญุจูˆุง ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:29:48,040 --> 00:29:51,420
1275
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ุจูŠุญุจูˆุด ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ู„ุฅู† ุฅุฐุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู…
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:29:51,420 --> 00:29:53,180
1279
+ ุจูŠุญุจ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ูˆูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุญุจุด ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุฅูŠุด
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:29:53,180 --> 00:29:58,990
1283
+ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑุŸู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชูุงุนู„ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ูˆุธุจุท ู‡ุตูŠุฑ ุชูุงุนู„ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:29:58,990 --> 00:30:02,410
1287
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุฉุŒ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุชุชูƒูˆู† ููŠุฒ ุฌุฏูŠุฏุŒ
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:30:02,410 --> 00:30:06,210
1291
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ electronegative ุชุญุจู‡
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:30:06,210 --> 00:30:08,890
1295
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑู† ุจุนุถุŒ ูŠุง ุจูŠุญุจูˆุง
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:30:08,890 --> 00:30:12,590
1299
+ ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุญุจูˆุด ุงู„ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุนุดุงู† ุฃุถู…ู†
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:30:12,590 --> 00:30:16,230
1303
+ ู…ุงูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุชูุงุนู„ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุงุฆูŠ ูˆู…ุงูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ a new
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:30:16,230 --> 00:30:21,370
1307
+ structureุงู„ violence ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฅู„ูƒุชุฑูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุชูƒุงููˆุด ููŠ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:30:21,370 --> 00:30:24,650
1311
+ ุงู„ู…ุถุงุฑ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ions must have the same violence
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:30:24,650 --> 00:30:27,110
1315
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ violence otherwise ุฅุฐุง ุงู„
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:30:27,110 --> 00:30:32,190
1319
+ violence ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุดุฌุน ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุชูุงุนู„ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:30:32,190 --> 00:30:35,330
1323
+ a new structure ูˆ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ second phase ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:30:35,330 --> 00:30:39,490
1327
+ ู‡ุชุณุงู…ุญ ู‡ู… rather rules ู‡ูŠ ุฃุฑุจุน ุดุฑูˆุท ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:30:39,490 --> 00:30:44,150
1331
+ ู…ุญู„ูˆู„ ุตู„ุจ ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠ ุฃูˆู„ุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุถุฑุฑ ุงู„ุฃู… ูˆ ุถุฑุฑ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:30:44,150 --> 00:30:52,770
1335
+ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุตุบูŠุฑุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 15% ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:30:52,770 --> 00:30:56,830
1339
+ ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ crystal structure ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงู„
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:30:56,830 --> 00:31:00,030
1343
+ electronegativity ู„ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุชู‚ุงุฑุจุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:31:00,030 --> 00:31:07,790
1347
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ valance ู„ุฃู†
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:31:07,790 --> 00:31:10,310
1351
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู†ูƒูˆู† ุบุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ู‡ูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ substitution of solid
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:31:10,310 --> 00:31:15,720
1355
+ solution ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุฅุจุฏุงู„ูŠุฉููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงู„ูŠู„
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:31:15,720 --> 00:31:21,720
1359
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุญุดุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ interstitial defects ุจุงุณุชู…ุงุน ุงู†
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:31:21,720 --> 00:31:25,220
1363
+ ุฏูŠ interstitial defect ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุถุฑุฑ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุงูˆ ุถุฑุฑ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:31:25,220 --> 00:31:28,140
1367
+ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ุฏุฎู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ูุฑุงุบุงุช ุฌูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุฏู‰ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู…ุน
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:31:28,140 --> 00:31:31,420
1371
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุถุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ุตุบูŠุฑ ุจุชุดูˆู
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:31:31,420 --> 00:31:34,560
1375
+ ุงู„ูุฑุบุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ unit cell
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:31:34,560 --> 00:31:37,940
1379
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูˆ ุจุชู†ุญุดุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ some distortion
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:31:37,940 --> 00:31:43,560
1383
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ some distortion ูุงู„ุถุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุบู„
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:31:43,560 --> 00:31:48,100
1387
+ ูุฑุบุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ unit cell ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุด ู…ุดุบูˆู„ุฉ ุฃุตู„ุง
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:31:48,100 --> 00:31:54,740
1391
+ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุดุบูˆู„ุฉ ุฃุตู„ุง ูุฅุดุบุงู„ ุถุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ู„ู„ูุฑุบุงุช
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:31:54,740 --> 00:31:59,210
1395
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุดุบูˆู„ุฉ ุฃุตู„ุงุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุณู„ุจ ุจู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠู†
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:31:59,210 --> 00:32:05,890
1399
+ ุถุฑุงุช ุฃุณู‡ู„ ูˆู„ุง ุฃุตุนุจุŸ ุฃุตุนุจ .. ุฃุตุนุจ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุจุชุตุนุจ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:32:05,890 --> 00:32:10,270
1403
+ ุงู„ู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุซุงูุฉุŸ ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง .. ุฃู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:32:10,270 --> 00:32:14,970
1407
+ blockingุŒ ุจุนู…ู„ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉุŒ ุจุนู…ู„ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:32:14,970 --> 00:32:18,350
1411
+ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูˆุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃุตุนุจุŒ
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:32:18,350 --> 00:32:20,550
1415
+ ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฃูŠุดุŸ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:32:20,550 --> 00:32:24,370
1419
+ carbonุนุดุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ุด ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ูˆุงุญุฏ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:32:24,370 --> 00:32:27,550
1423
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฏู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ุจูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู†
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:32:27,550 --> 00:32:36,930
1427
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุนุดุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุฒู‰
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:32:36,930 --> 00:32:43,290
1431
+ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุชู„ูƒูˆุง ุงู„ุขู† ู‚ุจุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู„ู„ุชุดูˆู‡ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุงู„
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:32:43,290 --> 00:32:47,870
1435
+ ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ slip mechanism ูŠุนู†ูŠุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู…ู„ุช
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:32:47,870 --> 00:32:50,810
1439
+ ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุงู„ู…ูˆุตูุฉ ุถุฑุฑูŠุฉ ุณู‡ู„ุฉ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:32:50,810 --> 00:32:56,550
1443
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ more ductile ุฅุฐุง ุนู…ู„ุช ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุฃุตุนุจ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:32:56,550 --> 00:33:00,050
1447
+ ductility ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุจุชู‚ู„ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุถูŠู ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:33:00,050 --> 00:33:04,550
1451
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑุจูˆู† ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ ุจูŠุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุทู‚ ู„ู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุฅุบู„ุงู‚
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:33:04,550 --> 00:33:08,030
1455
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ deformation ู„ู„ุงู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃุตุนุจ ูุนุดุงู†
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:33:08,030 --> 00:33:09,070
1459
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ strength ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:33:14,830 --> 00:33:19,050
1463
+ ุงู„ุงู† ูƒูŠู ุจู†ุญุณุจ ุงู„ weight ู†ุณุจ ุงู„ู…ูˆุงุฏ ุฅุฐุง ู†ูุณูŠ ุจู†ุถูŠู
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:33:19,050 --> 00:33:25,830
1467
+ carbon ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฏูŠุฏ ุฃูˆ nickel ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุฃูˆ .. ุงูˆ zinc
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:33:25,830 --> 00:33:32,350
1471
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุตุฏูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ zinc ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุตุงุต ุฃูˆ ู‚ุตุฏูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุตุงุต ูุจุฏูŠ
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:33:32,350 --> 00:33:36,130
1475
+ ุฃุนุฑู ุฃุญุณุจ ู†ุณุจุฉ ..ุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ุจุชู†ุญุณุจ ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ู„ูˆุฒู† ู…ุซู„ุง
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:33:36,130 --> 00:33:40,450
1479
+ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ูƒูˆู…ุฉ ู…ู† ุนู†ุตุฑูŠู† ุนู†ุตุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุนู†ุตุฑ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:33:40,450 --> 00:33:44,980
1483
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง zinc ู…ุน nickelุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„ุฒู†ูƒ
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:33:44,980 --> 00:33:48,740
1487
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงูŠูƒุง 4 ู†ุญุงุณ ุงู„ู†ุงูŠูƒุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงู„ู†ุญุงุณ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:33:48,740 --> 00:33:56,080
1491
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุงุณ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ total
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:33:56,080 --> 00:34:01,180
1495
+ mass M ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฏ M ุงุชู†ูŠู† ููŠ ู…ูŠุฉ ุงุฐุง ุจุชุญุณุจ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:34:01,180 --> 00:34:03,180
1499
+ mole base ุงูˆ ุงู„ atom bases
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:34:20,470 --> 00:34:27,650
1503
+ ุงู„ number of moles ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูƒุชูˆุจ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุณูˆุงู‚ M ูˆุงุญุฏ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:34:27,650 --> 00:34:34,490
1507
+ prime ุนู„ู‰ A ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:34:34,490 --> 00:34:45,730
1511
+ mass ุงุฌุฑุงู… ู‡ุฏุฆุฉ ู…ูƒูˆูŠุช ุงุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ mole ูุงู†ุง ู„ุงุชูˆุด
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:34:45,730 --> 00:34:46,490
1515
+ ูุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:34:49,920 --> 00:34:53,840
1519
+ ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ number of moles ู„ูƒุชู„ุฉ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุชู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:34:53,840 --> 00:35:00,780
1523
+ ุงู„ุงุชู…ูƒูˆูŠุช ุงู„ concentration ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ number of moles
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:35:00,780 --> 00:35:06,280
1527
+ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ number of moles ูˆุงุญุฏ ุน ุงู„
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:35:06,280 --> 00:35:16,300
1531
+ total number of moles ูˆ ุงู„ NM ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ NM ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฒุงุฏ
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:35:16,300 --> 00:35:23,500
1535
+ NM ุงุชู†ูŠู†ู„ุฃู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญูˆู„ ู…ู† weight bases ู„ mole bases
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:35:23,500 --> 00:35:28,500
1539
+ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ู…ู† mole bases ู„ weight bases ุงู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:35:28,500 --> 00:35:34,400
1543
+ ุชุญูˆูŠู„ุงุช ุงุฐุง
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:35:34,400 --> 00:35:42,240
1547
+ ุงู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุงู„ู†ุณุจ ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ู„ูˆุฒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ c1 ูˆ c2 ุจุฌูŠุจ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:35:42,240 --> 00:35:50,450
1551
+ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆู„ุงุช c1 primeุจุณุชูˆูŠ C1 A2 ุนู„ู‰
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:35:50,450 --> 00:35:56,670
1555
+ C1 A2 ุฒูŠ C2 A1 C1 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ concentration
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:35:56,670 --> 00:36:01,810
1559
+ ู„ู„ู…aterial ูˆุงุญุฏ based on mass ูˆ ุงู„ A1 ูˆ C2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:36:01,810 --> 00:36:05,950
1563
+ concentration of mass two based on mass ูˆ ุงู„ A1 ูˆ
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:36:05,950 --> 00:36:08,770
1567
+ A2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ atomic weight ู„ู„ู…aterial ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:36:08,770 --> 00:36:10,210
1571
+ ุงู„ู…aterial ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:36:13,480 --> 00:36:17,900
1575
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุฒูŠ ุงู†ุง ุนุงุฑู ุงู„ concentration ุทุจู‚ุง ู„ based
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:36:17,900 --> 00:36:21,200
1579
+ on moles ุงูˆ number of moles ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุญุณุจ ุงู„
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:36:21,200 --> 00:36:31,140
1583
+ concentration based on weight ู…ู…ูƒู†
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:36:31,140 --> 00:36:34,340
1587
+ ุงุนู…ู„ concentration in terms of mass of one
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:36:34,340 --> 00:36:39,420
1591
+ component per unit volume of material ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† C1
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:36:39,420 --> 00:36:45,670
1595
+ double prime ุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ concentration ู„ูˆุงุญุฏุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:36:45,670 --> 00:36:55,050
1599
+ ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุญุฌู… ู„ูƒู„ ูˆุญุฏุฉ ุญุฌู… ุทูŠุจ ุทูŠุจ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:36:55,050 --> 00:36:58,790
1603
+ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุงุฏุชูŠู† ุจุฎุชู„ููˆุง ููŠ ุงู„
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:36:58,790 --> 00:37:06,010
1607
+ density ูˆ ุจุฎุชู„ููˆุง ููŠ ุงู„ atomic weightู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:37:06,010 --> 00:37:08,890
1611
+ ุงู„ density ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ density
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:37:08,890 --> 00:37:11,030
1615
+ ุจุชุงุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุงู†ู‡ ุงุฎุชู„ูุช ุงู„
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:37:11,030 --> 00:37:14,730
1619
+ density ู…ุธุจูˆุท ูˆุงุฎุชู„ูุช ุงู„ atomic weight ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:37:14,730 --> 00:37:20,480
1623
+ raw average ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูŠุฉุนู„ู‰ C1 ุนู„ู‰ R1 ุฒูŠ C2 ุนู„ู‰ R2 C1
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:37:20,480 --> 00:37:25,880
1627
+ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุฒ mass basis ู„ู„ element ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ R1 density ู„ู„
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:37:25,880 --> 00:37:31,180
1631
+ element ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ C2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ concentration ู„ู„
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:37:31,180 --> 00:37:36,260
1635
+ weight basis ู„ู„ element ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ูˆ R2 ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:37:36,260 --> 00:37:40,930
1639
+ density ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุฃูˆ ุฅุฐุง ุฃู†ุง ุนุงุฑู ุงู„
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:37:40,930 --> 00:37:45,290
1643
+ concentration based on the mole basis ุจุณุชุฎุฏู… ู…ุนุงุฏู„
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:37:45,290 --> 00:37:49,110
1647
+ ุฃุฑุจุน ุนุดุฑุฉ ุจูŠู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุญุซุช ุจุงู„ average
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:37:49,110 --> 00:37:56,330
1651
+ atomic weight ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ูƒู„ูŠุฉ ุฎู†ุดูˆู
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:37:56,330 --> 00:38:00,170
1655
+ ู…ุซุงู„ determine the composition
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:38:12,380 --> 00:38:16,340
1659
+ determine the composition in atom percent of an
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:38:16,340 --> 00:38:24,040
1663
+ alloy that consists ููŠู† ุฏูŠ ุณุจูŠูƒุฉ ุณุจูŠูƒุฉ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:38:24,040 --> 00:38:34,200
1667
+ ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ุณุจุนุฉ ูˆุชุณุนูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ by weight aluminium
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:38:34,200 --> 00:38:37,540
1671
+ ูˆุงู„ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:38:37,540 --> 00:38:40,260
1675
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ by weight
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:38:44,010 --> 00:38:48,650
1679
+ ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃุณู…ู‘ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ุจู„ูŠู† ูŠูˆู… ุฃุนุทูŠู„ู‡ ุงู„
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:38:48,650 --> 00:38:57,390
1683
+ subscript ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุญุงุณ subscript ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุงู†ุนุชู‡ ุงู„
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:38:57,390 --> 00:39:10,470
1687
+ C ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† 97% ูˆ ุงู„ C ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉุนุดุงู†
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:39:10,470 --> 00:39:16,170
1691
+ ุฃุฌูŠุจ c1 prime c1
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:39:16,170 --> 00:39:21,290
1695
+ prime ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:39:21,290 --> 00:39:37,090
1699
+ ุชุณุงูˆูŠ c1 a1 ุนู„ู‰ c1 a2 ุนู„ู‰ c1 a2 ุฒูŠ c2 a1
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:39:39,410 --> 00:39:46,370
1703
+ ุงู„ A ูˆุงุญุฏ ู‡ู‰
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:39:46,370 --> 00:39:51,790
1707
+ ุงู„ุงุทู…ู‚ู…ุงุณ ู„ู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุงูƒู… ุงุทู…ู‚ู…ุงุณ ู„ู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:39:51,790 --> 00:39:56,310
1711
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุชุงุจ ูˆุงู„
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:39:56,310 --> 00:40:03,170
1715
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงุทู…ู‚ู…ุงุณ ู„ู„ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุงุทู…ู‚ู…ุงุณ
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:40:03,170 --> 00:40:12,840
1719
+ ู„ู„ุงู†ุญุงุณ ุงูƒู… ุชู„ุงุช ุณุชูŠู†ูˆ ู†ุต ุฌุฑุงู… ู„ูƒู„ ู…ูˆู„ ุงู„ุงุทู…ุฉ
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:40:12,840 --> 00:40:14,900
1723
+ ุงู„ูƒูˆูŠุช ู„ู„ุฃู„ู…ู†ูŠูˆู…
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:40:44,270 --> 00:40:52,110
1727
+ ุทูŠุจ ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจูˆูŠู† ุชุณุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจูˆูŠู† ุชุณุนุฉ
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:40:52,110 --> 00:41:00,910
1731
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุงู†ูŠูˆู… ุณุชุฉ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุจูˆูŠู†
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:41:00,910 --> 00:41:05,970
1735
+ ุชุณุนุฉ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู„ู†ุญุงุณ
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:41:05,970 --> 00:41:10,670
1739
+ ู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุงู„ู€CU Telicity ุจูˆูŠู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆุฎู…ุณูŠู†
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:41:16,780 --> 00:41:21,760
1743
+ ู…ุนู†ุงุฉ C1 prime ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุชุณุงูˆูŠ C1
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:41:21,760 --> 00:41:26,720
1747
+ 97
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:41:26,720 --> 00:41:30,440
1751
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู†
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:41:30,440 --> 00:41:37,820
1755
+ 63 5 5 97
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:41:40,230 --> 00:41:50,770
1759
+ ููŠ ุชู„ุงุช ุณุชูŠู† point ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุฒุงุฆุฏ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุณุชุฉ ูˆ
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:41:50,770 --> 00:42:00,190
1763
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู‡ู†ุง
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:42:00,190 --> 00:42:08,730
1767
+ ุจู†ุทู„ุน C ูˆุงุญุฏ prime ุงูƒุฑุฑ
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:42:08,730 --> 00:42:09,450
1771
+ ุทู„ุนุฉ C ูˆุงุญุฏ prime
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:42:26,970 --> 00:42:37,510
1775
+ ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุชุณุนูŠู† atomic
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:42:37,510 --> 00:42:46,330
1779
+ pieces ุงูˆ minus C2 prime ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูŠุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:42:46,330 --> 00:42:52,130
1783
+ ู…ูŠุฉ minus C1 prime ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:43:19,320 --> 00:43:22,120
1787
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทูŠุจ
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:43:24,670 --> 00:43:30,050
1791
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู† ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ linear defects ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:43:30,050 --> 00:43:32,330
1795
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนูŠูˆุจ
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:43:32,330 --> 00:43:40,470
1799
+ ู†ู‚ุงุทูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนูŠูˆุจ ุฎุทูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ุนูŠูˆุจ ุณุทุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุงุทูŠุฉ
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:43:40,470 --> 00:43:45,950
1803
+ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ vacancy ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ self-interstitial ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:43:45,950 --> 00:43:53,550
1807
+ institutional ูˆุนู†ุฏูŠ interstitial ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ุงู„ุฎุทูŠุฉ
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:43:53,550 --> 00:43:58,710
1811
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠู‡ูŠ ุนูŠูˆุจ ุฎุทูŠุฉ in and otherwise ููŠ ูุฑูุฉ ุงู„
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:43:58,710 --> 00:44:05,770
1815
+ crystal ุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ edge dislocation
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:44:05,770 --> 00:44:11,370
1819
+ ูˆ ุงู„ screw dislocation ูˆ ุงู„ mixed dislocation ุทุจุนุง
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:44:11,370 --> 00:44:15,730
1823
+ dislocations ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุตุฉ
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:44:15,730 --> 00:44:20,090
1827
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุนุฏู† ูˆ ุงู„ุณุจุงู‚ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุจุณุงุทุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุงุฎู„ูŠ
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:44:20,090 --> 00:44:26,120
1831
+ ุงู„ู…ุนุฏู† ู‚ูˆูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑุจุฒูˆุฏ ุนุฏุฏ dislocations ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ุง
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:44:26,120 --> 00:44:37,800
1835
+ ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุจุฎู„ูŠู‡ุง ู…ุฎุฑุจุดุฉ ุจุฎุฑุจุดุฉ ุทูŠุจ
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:44:37,800 --> 00:44:44,500
1839
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:44:44,500 --> 00:44:46,000
1843
+ ููŠ ุงู„ edge dislocation
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:44:50,080 --> 00:44:53,340
1847
+ ideally ุฃูˆ ู†ุธุฑูŠุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุถุฑุฑุงุช ู…ุตูู‘ุชุฉ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ุง
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:44:53,340 --> 00:45:02,520
1851
+ ุฅูŠุด ู…ู†ุชุธู…ุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุชุนุฏูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุชุตู†ูŠุน ุฃู†ู‡
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:45:02,520 --> 00:45:06,900
1855
+ ุตุงู…ุญุฉ ูˆ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ุตู ููŠ ุงู„ุถุฑุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุงูƒู…ู„ุด
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:45:06,900 --> 00:45:11,220
1859
+ ู„ู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุงูƒู…ู„ ู„ู„ุขุฎุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุช ู‡ุงูŠ ุตู ุถุฑุฑุงุช ูˆ ู‡ุงูŠ ุตู
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:45:11,220 --> 00:45:14,820
1863
+ ุถุฑุฑุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ุตู ุถุฑุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู†ุชู‡ุช ุนู†ุฏ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒุฃู†ูƒ
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:45:14,820 --> 00:45:20,150
1867
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠูุงุชุญ ูƒุฑูˆุช ุดุฏู‡ ูˆ ุญุงุทูŠุช ู†ุต ูƒุงุฑุช ู…ุด ูƒุงุฑุช ูƒุงู…ู„
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:45:20,150 --> 00:45:27,690
1871
+ ูุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ูƒุงุฑุช ุฅูŠุด ุชูƒูˆู† edge ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฎุท
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:45:27,690 --> 00:45:34,930
1875
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุฃุทู„ุน ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุตูุญู‡ ุจุณู…ูŠู‡ุง edge dislocation
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:45:34,930 --> 00:45:38,470
1879
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:45:38,470 --> 00:45:43,870
1883
+ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูƒ ุช .. ุฅุฐุง ุงู†ุช ุนู†ุฏูƒ ูุฃุณ ูˆ ุจุฏูƒ ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุชู‚ูˆู‰
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:46:00,510 --> 00:46:06,550
1887
+ ุฏุงุฎู„ section ุงู†ุง
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:46:06,550 --> 00:46:12,430
1891
+ ู„ูˆ
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:46:12,430 --> 00:46:17,890
1895
+ ู‚ุฏุงู… ุงู„ูู‚ุณ ุงู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูุชุญุฉ
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:46:17,890 --> 00:46:24,690
1899
+ ุชุนุงุชู‡ุง ู…ูƒุจุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงุฒุงู‰ ุทุจุนุง ุจุณ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู…ูŠู„ุงู†
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:46:24,690 --> 00:46:25,210
1903
+ ุฎููŠู
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:46:27,820 --> 00:46:50,620
1907
+ ุจู‚ู‰ ุงุฏุฎู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงูŠุฏ ุจุชุงุนุชู‡ุง ุจุนุฏูŠู†
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:46:50,620 --> 00:46:55,240
1911
+ ุจุฌูŠุจ ุณููŠู† ุจุฑูˆุญ
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:46:55,240 --> 00:46:55,860
1915
+ ุจุญุทู‡ ู‡ู†ุง
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:47:01,580 --> 00:47:06,800
1919
+ ู…ุญู…ุฏูŠู† ู‡ูŠู†ุฒู„ ู…ุนุงู‡ ู…ุธุจูˆุท ู‡ุฐู‡
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:47:06,800 --> 00:47:24,380
1923
+ ู‡ุชูุชุญ ู„ูƒ ู…ุนุงู‡ ู‡ุชุณูŠุฑ ูู‡ุฐู‡
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:47:24,380 --> 00:47:30,000
1927
+ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง edge dislocation
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:47:32,260 --> 00:47:35,360
1931
+ ุทุจุนุง ุชู…ุช .. ุงู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ .. ุนู„ู‰ .. ุชู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู†
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:47:35,360 --> 00:47:41,600
1935
+ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุนู…ุงู„ ุชุงุจุฑ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนุฏู„ุฉ ุจุณ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:47:41,600 --> 00:47:45,920
1939
+ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุจุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ูŠุนูŠุด ุจุชูู„ุช ู…ุธู„ูˆุท ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:47:45,920 --> 00:47:53,900
1943
+ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชูู„ุช ู†ูุณ ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงูˆ
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:47:53,900 --> 00:48:02,300
1947
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง edge dislocation
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:48:02,300 --> 00:48:11,840
1951
+ ู„ูˆ
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:48:11,840 --> 00:48:14,740
1955
+ ุจุฏูŠุช ุงู†ุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ edge dislocation ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู‡ุง
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:48:14,740 --> 00:48:18,960
1959
+ ู…ุดูŠุช ุจุฏูŠุช ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆู…ุดูŠุช ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:48:18,960 --> 00:48:22,700
1963
+ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:48:22,700 --> 00:48:28,180
1967
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉูˆ ู†ู†ุฒู„ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุซู„ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูˆ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุงูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:48:28,180 --> 00:48:37,680
1971
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู†ุง
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:48:37,680 --> 00:48:41,700
1975
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ู…ุดูŠุช ููŠ ุงู„ X ูƒู… ุงุฑุจุน ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ ูƒู…ุงู†
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:48:41,700 --> 00:48:46,040
1979
+ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุงุญุฏ
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:48:46,040 --> 00:48:50,340
1983
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:48:55,490 --> 00:49:03,030
1987
+ ุงู„ู„ุญุธุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุด ู‡ุณูƒุฑ ุงู„ vector ุฎู„ุงู†ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:49:03,030 --> 00:49:10,330
1991
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ูˆ ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงู„ dislocation ู‡ู…ุดูŠ ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:49:10,330 --> 00:49:14,630
1995
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู…ุซู„ุงุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ X ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ู‡ุทู„ุน
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:49:14,630 --> 00:49:22,420
1999
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุงู„ Y ู‡ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุŒ ู‡ุงูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉู„ุฃู† ูˆุดูŠุช
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:49:22,420 --> 00:49:25,980
2003
+ ุงู†ุง ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุฑุฌุน ุจุงู„ X ูƒู…ุงู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏ
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:49:25,980 --> 00:49:33,540
2007
+ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฐุง ุงุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงุฐุง ุทู„ุนุช ู‡ู†ุง
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:49:33,540 --> 00:49:38,920
2011
+ Y ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู‡ุง
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:49:38,920 --> 00:49:43,480
2015
+ ุฑุฌุนุช ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ vector ุจุฑุฌุน ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:49:43,480 --> 00:49:50,020
2019
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ vector ูŠุณู…ูŠู‡ burger vector burger ุนุงุณู… ูˆุงุญุฏ
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:49:50,020 --> 00:49:59,190
2023
+ burgervector ุงู„ edges location ู‡ูŠู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ barrier
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:49:59,190 --> 00:50:04,010
2027
+ vector ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ barrier vector ูˆ
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:50:04,010 --> 00:50:08,310
2031
+ ุงู„ edges location ู‡ู„ .. ุงุด .. ุงุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‚ุจ you know
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:50:08,310 --> 00:50:19,010
2035
+ ู…ุชุนู…ุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุชุณุนูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุทูŠุจ
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:50:23,560 --> 00:50:29,100
2039
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ screw disk location ุนูŠุจ ุฎุทู‡
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:50:29,100 --> 00:50:35,380
2043
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุชุฎูŠู„ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุนู…ู„ุช slice ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช twist ุนู…ู„ุช
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:50:35,380 --> 00:50:42,440
2047
+ slice ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช twist ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุงูŠ slice ูˆ
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:50:42,440 --> 00:50:43,920
2051
+ ุงู„ twist ู„ุชุญุช
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:50:56,440 --> 00:51:03,960
2055
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌุฑ ููŠูƒุชูˆุฑ ุจุชุงุนู‡ุง ููŠ
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:51:03,960 --> 00:51:07,480
2059
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ screw disk location ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:51:07,480 --> 00:51:13,860
2063
+ ุจุดูƒู„ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:51:13,860 --> 00:51:18,460
2067
+ ู…ุงุดูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุจุงู„ X ุจุนุฏูŠู†
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:51:18,460 --> 00:51:24,840
2071
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู‡ุฏูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุงุชู†ูŠู†ุญูŠุซ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ุงุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุงุฑุฌุน
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:51:24,840 --> 00:51:27,780
2075
+ ู„ู„ุงุตู„ุฉ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู…ุดูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:51:27,780 --> 00:51:34,520
2079
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠุฉ ู„ู„ dislocation ู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ dislocation
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:51:34,520 --> 00:51:38,860
2083
+ ูุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ screw dislocation ุจูŠูƒูˆู† burger
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:51:38,860 --> 00:51:46,540
2087
+ factor ู…ูˆุงุฒูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุขู† ููŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนุฉุจูƒูˆู†ุด ู†ูˆุน ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:51:46,540 --> 00:51:51,000
2091
+ ุงู„ line defects ุงูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุจูƒูˆู†ุด .. ู„ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:51:51,000 --> 00:51:54,560
2095
+ ุงู„ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ defects ู‡ู†ุง point defects ูˆ linear
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:51:54,560 --> 00:51:58,260
2099
+ defects ูˆ surface defects ูˆ ููŠ ู†ูˆุน ุฑุงุจุน ูƒู…ุง ู…ู…ูƒู†
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:51:58,260 --> 00:52:02,920
2103
+ ุงุนุชุจุฑ bulk volume defects ุจูƒูˆู†ุด ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจุณ ููŠู‡ุง
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:52:02,920 --> 00:52:07,390
2107
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจุณ point defectsุฃูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง linear defects
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:52:07,390 --> 00:52:12,030
2111
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ ุดูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู„ ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:52:12,030 --> 00:52:15,250
2115
+ point defects ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:52:15,250 --> 00:52:19,750
2119
+ substitutional ู…ู…ูƒู† self-interstitial ู…ู…ูƒู†
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:52:19,750 --> 00:52:24,290
2123
+ interstitial ูˆ vacancy ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุณ
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:52:24,290 --> 00:52:27,530
2127
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูุตู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ูู‡ู… ุจุณ ุงู…ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุฑุถ
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:52:27,530 --> 00:52:30,670
2131
+ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ูƒู„ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ุนูŠูˆุจ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:52:33,430 --> 00:52:38,910
2135
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ูŠู† ู…ุจูŠู† ู„ูŠู‡ ู‡ุงุฏ
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:52:38,910 --> 00:52:46,090
2139
+ screw dislocation ุนู†ุฏูŠ
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:52:46,090 --> 00:52:51,270
2143
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ู‡ูŠู† ุจุฏูŠ screw dislocation ุน ุงู„ุฌู‡ุฉ ู‡ุงุฏุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูŠู†
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:52:51,270 --> 00:52:57,970
2147
+ ุงูŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ edge dislocation ูู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุชู…ุฑุฉ mixed
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:52:57,970 --> 00:53:01,810
2151
+ dislocation ุงูˆ ุนูŠูˆุจ ุฎุทูŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ุทุฉ
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:53:08,500 --> 00:53:13,540
2155
+ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงุชุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู‡ุงู„ edge dislocation
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:53:13,540 --> 00:53:26,900
2159
+ ูˆุฑูˆุญ ุงุชุซุจุชุช ู‡ูŠู† ุฎูŠุงู„
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:53:26,900 --> 00:53:31,000
2163
+ ุงู† ุฏูŠ ููƒุณุช ูˆุนู…ู„ุช
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:53:31,000 --> 00:53:34,740
2167
+ shear force ุจุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ุจุฑุฌุฑ ุงููƒุชุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ shear force
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:53:38,960 --> 00:53:43,180
2171
+ ุงู„ force ู‡ุถุงู„ู‡ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุฒูŠุฏ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุดูŠุฑ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ .. ู‡ุถุงู„ู‡
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:53:43,180 --> 00:53:45,900
2175
+ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุฒูŠุฏ ุฒูŠุฏ ุฒูŠุฏ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ููŠู‡ bond ุจูŠู† ุฏุฑู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ูˆ
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:53:45,900 --> 00:53:49,760
2179
+ ุฏุฑู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุชุบู„ุจ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ bond ุฏู‡ ูˆ ูŠูƒุณุฑู‡ุง
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:53:49,760 --> 00:53:56,140
2183
+ ุจูŠูƒุณุฑู‡ุง ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ bond ุฒูŠุฏุฉ ู…ุนู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู„
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:53:56,140 --> 00:54:00,200
2187
+ dislocation ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡ ุงู†ุชู‚ู„ุฉ one atomic spacing
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:54:00,200 --> 00:54:04,980
2191
+ ุจูŠุณุชู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ shear ุจุงู„ sharing ุจูŠุณุชู…ุฑ ุจุงู„ sharing
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:54:07,100 --> 00:54:10,560
2195
+ ู‡ุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ bond ู‡ุงุฏู‰ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ bond ู‡ุงุฏู‰ ุตุงุฑุช ุงูŠุด
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:54:10,560 --> 00:54:16,440
2199
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุตุงุฑุช ู‡ู†ุง ุจุณุชู…ุฑ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจูŠูƒุณุฑ ู‡ุงุฏู‰ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุงุฏู‰
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:54:16,440 --> 00:54:24,000
2203
+ ุจุณุชู…ุฑ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ shear force
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:54:24,000 --> 00:54:29,930
2207
+ ุตุงุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‰ deformation one atomicspacing ู…ุนู†ุงุชู‡
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:54:29,930 --> 00:54:33,910
2211
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ deformation ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุงู„ุฏุฑู‘ูŠ ุจุบุถ ุงู„ู†ุธุฑ
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:54:33,910 --> 00:54:37,990
2215
+ ุนู† loading ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† axle ุงูˆ torsion ุงูˆ bending ุงูˆ
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:54:37,990 --> 00:54:43,230
2219
+ ุงูŠ combination ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุจุชูƒูˆู† by slip mechanism ุงูˆ
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:54:43,230 --> 00:54:50,070
2223
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ู„ู„ dislocation ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ู…ูƒุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:54:50,070 --> 00:54:54,060
2227
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ deformation ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉุงู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุณูˆูŠ ุจุชุญูƒู…
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:54:54,060 --> 00:54:59,340
2231
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ุงู„ slip mechanism ู‡ุฐุง
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:54:59,340 --> 00:55:03,840
2235
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ strengthening ุงูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุถุนู
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:55:03,840 --> 00:55:07,840
2239
+ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ูŠุฏูŠุด ุจุนูŠู‚ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:55:07,840 --> 00:55:13,140
2243
+ dislocation ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู‚ูˆู‰ ุงูˆ ุจุณู‡ู„ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:55:13,140 --> 00:55:16,500
2247
+ dislocation ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ููŠ ุงู„ deformation ู‡ูŠ
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:55:16,500 --> 00:55:21,960
2251
+ ููƒุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุงู„ุชุญูƒู… ุงู„ุฎุงุต ู„ู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุง ุณูˆุงุก ุจุทุฑู‚
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:55:21,960 --> 00:55:24,720
2255
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ ุงูˆ ุฎู„ุงุต ู…ู† ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑูŠุฉ ู…ุน
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:55:24,720 --> 00:55:31,480
2259
+ ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุง ุงูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุจุทุฑู‚ ูƒูŠู…ูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุถูŠู ุชุณุจูŠูƒ ู„ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:55:31,480 --> 00:55:40,800
2263
+ ุฃุณุจูƒ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:55:40,800 --> 00:55:45,800
2267
+ ุตูˆุฑุฉ transmission electron microscope ู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุณุจูŠูƒุฉ
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:55:45,800 --> 00:55:52,400
2271
+ ุชูŠุชุงู†ูŠูˆู…ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู…ูƒุจุฑู‡ุง ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุฃู„ู
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:55:52,400 --> 00:55:59,980
2275
+ ุถุนู ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุท ุงู„ุณูˆุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู…ุซู„ ุงูŠุงุด dislocations ุงูˆ
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:55:59,980 --> 00:56:04,680
2279
+ ุนูŠูˆุจ ุฎุทูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ dislocation ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:56:04,680 --> 00:56:08,780
2283
+ ูˆ ุจุชุชุฎุฑุจุด ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงูƒุชุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ slip
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:56:08,780 --> 00:56:15,100
2287
+ ุฃุตุนุจ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงูŠุงุด ุงู‚ูˆู‰ ุจุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุนุงู„ุฌุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูŠุฉ ุงูˆ
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:56:15,100 --> 00:56:20,210
2291
+ ุงู„ุทุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉุงูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุฒูˆุฏ
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:56:20,210 --> 00:56:25,210
2295
+ ุงู„ุฎุฑุจุดุฉ ุฏู‡ ุงุฒูˆุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ dislocations ุงูˆ
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:56:25,210 --> 00:56:29,510
2299
+ ุงุฎุฑุจุดู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงูˆ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠู† ูุงู„ strength ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:56:29,510 --> 00:56:35,870
2303
+ strength ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:56:35,870 --> 00:56:39,490
2307
+ ุงูŠ ุณุคุงู„ุŸ
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:56:39,490 --> 00:56:41,610
2311
+ ุฏูƒ ูˆู„ุง ุนููˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
2312
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/-hNgaZ_BRLc.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,959 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:03,240 --> 00:00:05,860
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:05,860 --> 00:00:09,960
7
+ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู„ูŠู† ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุฃู‡ู„ู‡ ูˆุตุญุจู‡ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:09,960 --> 00:00:16,680
11
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ู…ุณุงู‚ ุงู„ู€ biomechanics two ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:16,680 --> 00:00:21,340
15
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุนู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ biomechanics of articular cartilage
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:21,340 --> 00:00:28,820
19
+ ูˆุฅุญู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ุงู„ู€
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:28,820 --> 00:00:33,940
23
+ cartilage ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุณุทุญ ุฃู…ู„ุณ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ two
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:33,940 --> 00:00:38,640
27
+ adjacent bone ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดูƒู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ joint ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:38,640 --> 00:00:44,800
31
+ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ articular
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:44,800 --> 00:00:48,720
35
+ cartilage ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุง ููŠุด ููŠู‡ sensation ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:48,720 --> 00:00:52,120
39
+ ู…ุงุจู†ุญุณุด ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู„ู… ุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชุฃูƒู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:52,120 --> 00:00:55,900
43
+ cartilage ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุง ููŠุด ููŠู‡ vascularization ุนุดุงู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:55,900 --> 00:01:02,200
47
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูุนู†ุฏู‡ุด ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ regeneration ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:02,200 --> 00:01:06,500
51
+ articular cartilage ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† highly specialized
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:06,500 --> 00:01:11,400
55
+ class of connective tissue with high mechanical
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:11,400 --> 00:01:12,320
59
+ properties
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:31,390 --> 00:01:36,130
63
+ movement it is intention even no stress is present
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:36,130 --> 00:01:43,390
67
+ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ cartilage ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠ ..
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:43,390 --> 00:01:48,880
71
+ ุจูŠู‚ุงูˆู… ุงู„ู€ compressive ูˆ ุงู„ู€ shear forces ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:48,880 --> 00:01:52,000
75
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจูŠุชู…ุชุน ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง resilience and
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:52,000 --> 00:01:56,000
79
+ elasticity ุจุงู„ู…ุฑูˆู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:56,000 --> 00:02:00,100
83
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ู€ energy ูˆ release ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ู„ู€ energy
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:00,100 --> 00:02:03,120
87
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ resilience is the ability of the
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:03,120 --> 00:02:08,790
91
+ material to absorb energy when it is deformed with
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:08,790 --> 00:02:14,330
95
+ deformed ุงู„ู€ elast .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู€
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:14,330 --> 00:02:18,290
99
+ .. ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ deformation ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุจุนุฏ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:18,290 --> 00:02:21,850
103
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ู€ compression ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ release ูˆู‡ุฏูŠ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:21,850 --> 00:02:27,190
107
+ ู„ู„ู€ energy ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ unloading ุทูŠุจ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ types of
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:27,190 --> 00:02:31,110
111
+ ุงู„ู€ cartilageุŸ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ hyaline cartilage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:31,110 --> 00:02:34,640
115
+ ุงู„ู€ most common type ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ synovial joint ูˆ ุงู„ู€
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:34,640 --> 00:02:38,700
119
+ freely movable .. movable joint ูˆู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุทุจู‚ุฉ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:38,700 --> 00:02:44,760
123
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ .. ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ..
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:49,290 --> 00:02:56,930
127
+ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ู…ู„ุณุงุก ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:56,930 --> 00:03:03,710
131
+ ู…ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ white layers of connective tissue
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:03,710 --> 00:03:09,330
135
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุฃุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ articular .. ุงู„ู€
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:09,330 --> 00:03:15,040
139
+ joints ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุจุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:15,040 --> 00:03:19,400
143
+ elastic cartilage ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ cartilage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:19,400 --> 00:03:22,860
147
+ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ external ear ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:22,860 --> 00:03:27,560
151
+ fibrocartilage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ cartilage ุงู„ู„ูŠ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:27,560 --> 00:03:33,720
155
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ .. ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู€ annulus fibrosus ููŠ ุงู„ู€
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:33,720 --> 00:03:37,330
159
+ intervertebral disc ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ meniscus of
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:37,330 --> 00:03:42,070
163
+ the knee ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† pads ุฃูˆ ู…ุฎุฏุงุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:42,070 --> 00:03:46,370
167
+ ุจุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ congruence ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ joint ุทุจุนุง ุฅูŠุด ูˆุธูŠูุฉ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:46,370 --> 00:03:52,050
171
+ ุงู„ู€ articular cartilage ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ูˆ self
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:52,050 --> 00:03:55,570
175
+ -lubricants ุฃูˆ self-lubricating ุชุดุญูŠู… ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:55,570 --> 00:03:59,930
179
+ ุงู„ู€ lubrication ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุดุญูŠู… ุฃูˆ ุชุฒูŠูŠุช ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู…ูุตู„
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:59,930 --> 00:04:04,750
183
+ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃูŠ ู…ูุตู„ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ุชุดุญูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:04,750 --> 00:04:09,150
187
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ูˆุฑุฏู‡ ููˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ูŠู…ู†ุน
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:09,150 --> 00:04:15,120
191
+ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุจูŠู…ุณุญ ู„ู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ the primary function to
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:15,120 --> 00:04:18,080
195
+ allow movement of the surface with minimal
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:18,080 --> 00:04:21,320
199
+ friction and wear ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง friction
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:21,320 --> 00:04:25,080
203
+ ุฃูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ wear and tear ุจุชุญุตู„ ูˆ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:25,080 --> 00:04:29,300
207
+ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠุชุจุนู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู„ู… ูˆ loss of
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:29,300 --> 00:04:33,070
211
+ function ูˆ ุงู„ู€ stiffness during the joint motion the
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:33,070 --> 00:04:36,930
215
+ cartilage is continuously exposed to gravitation
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:36,930 --> 00:04:40,870
219
+ stress ูˆูƒู…ุงู† stress produced by muscle contraction
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:40,870 --> 00:04:44,550
223
+ ุฅุญู†ุง ุงู„ู€ weight bearing ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ joint ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:44,550 --> 00:04:48,570
227
+ ูˆุฅุญู†ุง ูˆุงู‚ููŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุถุบุท ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ weight of
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:48,570 --> 00:04:51,920
231
+ the head ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cervical spine ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ cervical
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:51,920 --> 00:04:57,900
235
+ spine ุจู†ุฒู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ shoulder girdle ุจู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:57,900 --> 00:05:01,760
239
+ vertebra thoracic ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ lumbar ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู†
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:01,760 --> 00:05:05,300
243
+ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ both lower limbs ูุทูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:05,300 --> 00:05:10,280
247
+ compression ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cartilage of the joints ุงู„ู„ูŠ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:10,280 --> 00:05:14,890
251
+ ุฅุญู†ุง ูˆุงู‚ููŠู† ูˆูˆุงู‚ููŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:14,890 --> 00:05:21,950
255
+ stress ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:21,950 --> 00:05:25,670
259
+ muscle contraction ูุงู„ู€ articular cartilage ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:25,670 --> 00:05:28,870
263
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง muscle
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:28,870 --> 00:05:31,470
267
+ contraction ู…ุน ุฃู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:31,470 --> 00:05:35,730
271
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ tension ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:35,730 --> 00:05:39,710
275
+ cartilage ุงู„ู€ cartilage ู‡ูˆ ู…ุง ููŠุด ููŠู‡ blood supply ุฒูŠ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:39,710 --> 00:05:42,470
279
+ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ูˆู„ุง ููŠู‡ lymphatic
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:42,470 --> 00:05:46,870
283
+ channels ูˆู„ุง ููŠู‡ neurological innervation ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:46,870 --> 00:05:52,730
287
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุถุนูŠู ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุชู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:52,730 --> 00:05:55,030
291
+ ููŠู‡ ู„ุฅู† ู…ุง ุจูŠุงุฎุฏุด ุชุฑูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ blood
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:55,030 --> 00:05:57,850
295
+ vessels ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด ููŠู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:57,850 --> 00:06:00,630
299
+ regeneration ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ destruction ูˆุนู…ู„ุชูŠู„ู‡
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:00,630 --> 00:06:04,950
303
+ ุงู„ุฅู„ุชุฆุงู… ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุชุญุตู„ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:04,950 --> 00:06:09,050
307
+ exposed ู„ู€ stress ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠู‡ gravitational ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:09,050 --> 00:06:14,930
311
+ stress ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ muscle contractions ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:14,930 --> 00:06:18,630
315
+ cartilage ุงู„ู€ forces ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ cartilage ููŠ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:18,630 --> 00:06:21,550
319
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง rotatory component ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง non rotatory
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:21,550 --> 00:06:24,630
323
+ component ุงู„ู€ rotatory component ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:24,630 --> 00:06:27,910
327
+ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ movement ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู€ segment ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:27,910 --> 00:06:32,770
331
+ rotation ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ muscle contraction
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:32,770 --> 00:06:36,310
335
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ movement ุนู„ู‰ ุงูุชุฑุงุถู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ elbow
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:36,310 --> 00:06:39,810
339
+ joint ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ biceps ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ flexion ู„ุงู„ู€ elbow
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:39,810 --> 00:06:44,050
343
+ joint ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ muscle
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:44,050 --> 00:06:47,890
347
+ contraction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ biceps ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:47,890 --> 00:06:51,210
351
+ .. ุจุชุชุญู„ู„ ู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ forces ุงู„ู€ rotatory force
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:51,210 --> 00:06:54,550
355
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ movement ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ rotation ุฃูˆ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:54,550 --> 00:06:57,420
359
+ ุงู„ู€ angulation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ non
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:57,420 --> 00:07:01,900
363
+ -rotatory component ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† parallel ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:01,900 --> 00:07:07,100
367
+ axis of the segment ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุฅู† ุชุนู…ู„
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:07,100 --> 00:07:12,240
371
+ stabilization ู„ู„ุฌุฐุจ ู„ูˆ ุชุฎูŠู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ .. ูƒู„ ู…ูุตู„
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:12,240 --> 00:07:16,260
375
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑุช ููŠู‡ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฒูˆุบ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูู‡ุฐุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:16,260 --> 00:07:20,580
379
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุคู„ู… ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ูุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ muscle
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:20,580 --> 00:07:26,490
383
+ contraction ุจูŠุนู…ู„ stabilization ู„ู„ู…ูุตู„ ูƒู…ุงู† ูู‡ุฐุง
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:26,490 --> 00:07:31,430
387
+ ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ articular cartilage ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:31,430 --> 00:07:35,070
391
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง compression load ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:35,070 --> 00:07:38,450
395
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง shearing .. shearing load ูˆ tensile load
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:38,450 --> 00:07:44,450
399
+ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ articular ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ force
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:44,450 --> 00:07:47,210
403
+ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ compression ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ articular surfaces
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:47,210 --> 00:07:50,650
407
+ against each other ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุซุจุชู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุนุดุงู†
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:50,650 --> 00:07:56,370
411
+ ู…ุง ูŠ .. ู…ุง .. ู…ุง ูŠุฒุบูˆุด ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ force ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:56,370 --> 00:08:01,770
415
+ ุฒูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ rotatory force ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:01,770 --> 00:08:05,910
419
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุซุจุช ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู…ู†
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:05,910 --> 00:08:12,330
423
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฒูŠุบุงู† the .. so the joint
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:12,330 --> 00:08:16,850
427
+ cartilage has to sustain a compression stress
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:16,850 --> 00:08:20,530
431
+ considerable degree which cause wear and tear of
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:20,530 --> 00:08:23,670
435
+ the articular cartilage and the joint surfaces
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:23,670 --> 00:08:27,020
439
+ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ wear and tear ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู„ุฃู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:27,020 --> 00:08:29,900
443
+ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ู€ cartilage ู†ูุณู‡ ุฃุณุงุณู‹ุง
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:29,900 --> 00:08:34,000
447
+ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชู…ู†ุนู‡ุง ุจุณ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุชุนุฑุถ ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:34,000 --> 00:08:38,500
451
+ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ compression ูู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุนุฑุถูˆุง ู„ู„ู€ wear and tear
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:38,500 --> 00:08:41,760
455
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ damage ุทูŠุจ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู€ articular
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:41,760 --> 00:08:45,580
459
+ cartilage ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูˆุฒุน ุงู„ู€ load ุฅุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุชูˆุณุน
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:45,580 --> 00:08:49,080
463
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูุจูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„ู€ pressure ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:49,080 --> 00:08:52,340
467
+ pressure ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ force ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ area ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุจุฑุช
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:52,340 --> 00:08:55,660
471
+ ุงู„ู€ area ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ area ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ููƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุจุฑ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:55,660 --> 00:09:00,180
475
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„ู€ stress ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:00,180 --> 00:09:04,320
479
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ contact stress decrease ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ stress
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:04,320 --> 00:09:09,260
483
+ ุจูŠุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ู€ force ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ area ุทุจุนู‹ุง it changes the
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:09,260 --> 00:09:13,280
487
+ contact area during joint motion minimize the
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:13,280 --> 00:09:16,640
491
+ stress which may cause wear and tear upon the
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:16,640 --> 00:09:21,500
495
+ cartilage so that stress is not concentrated at
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:21,500 --> 00:09:27,420
499
+ one small area ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ .. ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:27,420 --> 00:09:31,800
503
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ stress ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงุตู„ ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:31,800 --> 00:09:35,900
507
+ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ wear and tear ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุทุจ ูˆ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุด
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:35,900 --> 00:09:43,350
511
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ cartilageุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ composition ุงู„ู€ ุทุจุนุง
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:43,350 --> 00:09:47,570
515
+ ููŠู‡ collagen ูˆ ููŠู‡ proteoglycan ูˆ ููŠู‡ water ูˆ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:47,570 --> 00:09:52,430
519
+ inorganic salt ุฒูŠ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠ ููŠ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู† ..
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:52,430 --> 00:09:56,550
523
+ ุงู„ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† water ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ collagen ูˆ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:09:56,550 --> 00:10:00,700
527
+ ุงู„ proteoglycan ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ stress ุจุชูˆุฒุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุนู†
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:00,700 --> 00:10:04,560
531
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cartilage ูˆ ุจุนู…ู„ ุฒูŠ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ wave
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:04,560 --> 00:10:08,620
535
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ .. ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุช .. ุจุชูˆุฒุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุนู„ู‰
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:08,620 --> 00:10:13,420
539
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุถุบุท ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:13,420 --> 00:10:21,100
543
+ ูŠู†ุชุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ waves ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ .. that lead to the
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:21,100 --> 00:10:24,760
547
+ development of shear and tension stresses which
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:24,760 --> 00:10:29,900
551
+ must be taken up by tension resisting network ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:29,900 --> 00:10:35,220
555
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ collagen fibers ูˆ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุชู‡ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒูŠู
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:35,220 --> 00:10:39,380
559
+ ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุชู„ุช ุทุจู‚ุงุชุŒ ุงู„ุชู„ุช ุทุจู‚ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:39,380 --> 00:10:45,330
563
+ ุงู„ collagen ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนุดุงู† ููŠ ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจุชู‚ุงูˆู…
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:45,330 --> 00:10:49,210
567
+ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ forces ุงู„ู„ูŠ applied ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:49,210 --> 00:10:53,590
571
+ network ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชูƒูˆู‘ู„ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† collagen fibrils
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:53,590 --> 00:11:00,110
575
+ which ranges from 15 to 22 percent of the network
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:00,110 --> 00:11:05,670
579
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ cartilage ูˆ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง proteoglycan
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:05,670 --> 00:11:13,790
583
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ content ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 4 ู„ 7% ู…ู† ุงู„ wet .. wet ุงู„ู€
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:13,790 --> 00:11:18,370
587
+ .. ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฑุทุจ ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ water ูˆ ุงู„
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:18,370 --> 00:11:24,050
591
+ inorganic salts ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† 60 ู„ 5 ุฃูˆ 80%
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:24,050 --> 00:11:29,110
595
+ ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ matrix ูˆ protein ูˆ glycoproteins ูˆ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:29,110 --> 00:11:33,930
599
+ lipids ูˆ ู…ุง ุฅู„ู‰ ุฐู„ูƒ ุทูŠุจ ุงู„collagen ูƒูŠู ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุชู‡ุŸ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:33,930 --> 00:11:37,230
603
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ุงู„collagen has a high level of structural
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:37,230 --> 00:11:41,730
607
+ organization ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุชู„ุช ุทุจู‚ุงุช result in
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:41,730 --> 00:11:45,930
611
+ optimum mechanical properties ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุฃุตู„ุง ุฃุตู„ุง
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:45,930 --> 00:11:49,590
615
+ ุงู„ mechanical properties ุชุจุน ุงู„ cartilage ู†ูุณู‡
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:49,590 --> 00:11:53,230
619
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ function of collagen ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง tensile
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:53,230 --> 00:11:58,650
623
+ stiffness and strength properties as the fibers are
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:58,650 --> 00:12:03,490
627
+ in tension even ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง stresses applied
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:03,490 --> 00:12:09,170
631
+ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ cartilage stress
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:09,170 --> 00:12:12,630
635
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ resistant ู„ู„ stress ูˆ ุงู„ strains ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:12,630 --> 00:12:16,630
639
+ articular cartilage ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ stress ูˆ ุงู„
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:16,630 --> 00:12:19,520
643
+ strain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cartilage ุจู†ุณุจุฉ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:19,520 --> 00:12:23,560
647
+ ู„ู„ู€ arrangement ู„ู„ู€ collagen ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:23,560 --> 00:12:27,300
651
+ ุนู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ zones ูˆ .. ูˆ zones ู‡ุฐู‡ separated ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:27,300 --> 00:12:31,480
655
+ ุงู„ู€ collagen ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ superficial ู„ ุงู„
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:31,480 --> 00:12:34,860
659
+ deep ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู„ู‡ุง properties ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชู‚ูˆู…
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:34,860 --> 00:12:39,310
663
+ stresses ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุงู„ู€ superficial layer ุจุชู‚ุงูˆู… ุฏุงุฆู…ุง
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:39,310 --> 00:12:45,070
667
+ ุงู„ู€ tensile stretch ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุฑุถุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠุก
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:45,070 --> 00:12:49,830
671
+ ู„ู€ tensile forces ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:49,830 --> 00:12:53,630
675
+ total thickness ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† densely packed
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:53,630 --> 00:12:58,770
679
+ fine fibrils elliptical ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠุถุงูˆูŠ and flattened
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:58,770 --> 00:13:05,270
683
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:05,270 --> 00:13:11,030
687
+ elliptical ุจูŠุถุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ .. ูˆ ู…ุณุทุญุฉ ูˆ ุจุช .. ุจุชูƒูˆู†
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:11,030 --> 00:13:15,270
691
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ parallel to the articular surface ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:15,270 --> 00:13:18,570
695
+ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ู…ุซู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ูˆุฌุงู‡ูŠ ุจู†ู…ุณูƒ ุฎู…ุณ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:18,570 --> 00:13:22,170
699
+ ุฃู‚ู„ุงู… ูˆ ุจู†ู…ุณูƒู‡ู… ูƒุฏู‡ ูˆ ุจู†ุตูุทู‡ู… ูˆ ุจู†ู…ุณูƒู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุนุฑุถ ูˆ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:22,170 --> 00:13:26,310
703
+ ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุฌุฏู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ู†ูƒุณุฑู‡ู… ุทุจุนุง ุตุนุจ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุฃู† ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:26,310 --> 00:13:31,470
707
+ ู†ุชุนุฌู‡ู… ุฃูˆ .. ุฃูˆ .. ุฃูˆ ู†ุดุฏู‡ู… ูู‡ุฐุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:31,470 --> 00:13:36,810
711
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู‡ู… ูˆ ู‡ู… ู…ุฑุชุจูŠู† in parallel way ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:36,810 --> 00:13:41,050
715
+ arrangement ู‡ุฐุง sort of protecting not allowing
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:41,050 --> 00:13:45,470
719
+ the fiber to move apart without losing tensile
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:45,470 --> 00:13:48,230
723
+ strength ุทุจ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ zone ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ middle zone
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:48,230 --> 00:13:53,170
727
+ ุจุชุดูƒู„ 40 ู„ู€ 60% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ total thickness ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ zone
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:53,170 --> 00:14:01,230
731
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ randomly distributed in oblique way ุฒูŠ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:01,230 --> 00:14:05,790
735
+ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุงุช ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:05,790 --> 00:14:09,690
739
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ surface ูƒูŠู ู‡ู†ุง parallel ูˆ ุงู„ middle
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:09,690 --> 00:14:14,170
743
+ zone ุจุชูƒูˆู† randomly ูˆ ู‡ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ deep zone ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:14,170 --> 00:14:21,880
747
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ูˆุงู‚ูุฉ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุง ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ deep zone ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุดูƒู„ 30
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:21,880 --> 00:14:24,020
751
+ % ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ total thickness ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ zone
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:24,020 --> 00:14:29,960
755
+ arrangement ุจุชูƒูˆู† perpendicular to the cartilage ูˆ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:29,960 --> 00:14:36,360
759
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ tide mark ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ูุงุตู„ ู…ุง
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:14:36,360 --> 00:14:40,040
763
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ bone ูˆ ุงู„ inter surface ุงู„ inter surface of
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:40,040 --> 00:14:44,480
767
+ the bone ูˆ ุงู„ cartilage ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ Parallel
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:44,480 --> 00:14:52,560
771
+ Orientation ู„ู„ู€ Fibers ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุชุฎุชู„ู
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:52,560 --> 00:14:56,660
775
+ ุฎูˆุงุตู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Perpendicular Orientation
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:59,020 --> 00:15:04,040
779
+ ุงู„ู€ Parallel ููˆู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง stiffness ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ู„ ..
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:04,040 --> 00:15:08,140
783
+ ู„ู„ tensile force ูˆ ุงู„ู€ perpendicular ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:08,140 --> 00:15:12,540
787
+ stiffness ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ ุงู„ compression force ุทุจุนุง tensile
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:12,540 --> 00:15:16,560
791
+ stiffness of the superficial layer ุจุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจุดูƒู„
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:16,560 --> 00:15:21,320
795
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ deep zone
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:25,810 --> 00:15:32,010
799
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูˆุถุญ ุฃู† ุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:32,010 --> 00:15:37,190
803
+ different zones of the cartilage superficial ูˆู‡ูŠ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:37,190 --> 00:15:41,510
807
+ ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฆุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุฑุง ู„ู„ fibers ู‡ุฐู‡
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:41,510 --> 00:15:46,150
811
+ middle zone randomly organized ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ deep zone
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:46,150 --> 00:15:47,250
815
+ ูู‡ูŠ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:52,380 --> 00:15:57,940
819
+ perpendicular ูู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู‚ุงูˆู… ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:57,940 --> 00:16:00,740
823
+ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุง ุญุงูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู„ูˆ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:00,740 --> 00:16:04,740
827
+ ู…ุณูƒูŠู†ู‡ู… ุจุดูƒู„ .. ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠ ุณู‡ู„ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุฃู†ู†ุง ู„ูˆ .. ู„ูˆ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:04,740 --> 00:16:08,220
831
+ ุดุฏู†ุงู‡ู… ูŠุชูุฑู‚ูˆุง ุนู† .. ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ู…
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:14,970 --> 00:16:18,570
835
+ ุทูŠุจ there is decrease in tensile stiffness or
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:18,570 --> 00:16:22,870
839
+ strength ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฑุญู†ุง ุฑูˆุญู†ุง deeper ููŠ ุงู„ surface ูƒู„
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:16:22,870 --> 00:16:25,290
843
+ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ distance from the surface of the
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:16:25,290 --> 00:16:29,170
847
+ articular cartilage ุงู„ superficial layer is
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:29,170 --> 00:16:34,350
851
+ protective for the articular cartilage ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:16:34,350 --> 00:16:38,010
855
+ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุช resist the tensile strain produced by
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:16:38,010 --> 00:16:41,490
859
+ compression and friction at the joint ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠ ุจุตุชูˆู†
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:41,750 --> 00:16:46,130
863
+ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ resistant ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู„ู€ compression load due
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:46,130 --> 00:16:49,910
867
+ to its perpendicular orientation ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:49,910 --> 00:16:55,410
871
+ proteoglycan ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู€
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:55,410 --> 00:16:59,050
875
+ cartilage articular cartilage ุงู„ function ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู‡ูŠ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:59,050 --> 00:17:04,770
879
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑุงุจุท ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:04,770 --> 00:17:09,970
883
+ .. ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุตู‚ุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ .. ุงู„
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:09,970 --> 00:17:15,710
887
+ collagen fibers ู‡ูŠ large protein polysaccharide
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:15,710 --> 00:17:21,190
891
+ molecules composed of protein core to which one or
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:17:21,190 --> 00:17:24,810
895
+ more glycosaminoglycans
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:17:26,840 --> 00:17:30,840
899
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ GAGs are attached ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:17:30,840 --> 00:17:35,880
903
+ proteoglytin are strongly hydrophilic substance
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:17:35,880 --> 00:17:41,680
907
+ ุทุจุนุง occupying large solvent domains in the
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:41,680 --> 00:17:45,760
911
+ aqueous solution ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูˆ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุฃู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุฑุงุจุท
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:45,920 --> 00:17:49,540
915
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ bending substance to the
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:49,540 --> 00:17:52,660
919
+ collagen molecule at a certain level within the
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:52,660 --> 00:17:59,380
923
+ cartilage ูˆูƒุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุฑุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ collagen
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:59,380 --> 00:18:03,960
927
+ fibers ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง when stress is
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:18:03,960 --> 00:18:06,880
931
+ applied to the cartilage surface ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:18:06,880 --> 00:18:11,500
935
+ interstitial deformation ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:18:11,500 --> 00:18:17,750
939
+ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ cartilage ุจูŠูƒูˆู† .. ุจุณู…ุญ ููŠ ุงู„ ..
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:18:17,750 --> 00:18:22,090
943
+ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฑุงุจ ุงู„ proteoglycan ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฒูŠู„
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:18:22,090 --> 00:18:29,360
947
+ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู„ุงุตู‚ุฉ ูˆ ู„ุฒุฌุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุทูŠุจ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:18:29,360 --> 00:18:34,920
951
+ ุฅุญู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:18:34,920 --> 00:18:41,480
955
+ articular cartilage ูˆ ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:18:41,480 --> 00:18:45,300
959
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/-hNgaZ_BRLc_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,960 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:03,240 --> 00:00:05,860
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:05,860 --> 00:00:09,960
7
+ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู„ูŠู† ูˆุนู„ูŠ ุฃู‡ู„ูŠ ูˆุตุญุจูŠ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ู…ุญุงุฑุชู†ุง
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:09,960 --> 00:00:16,680
11
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ููŠ ู…ุณุงู‚ ุงู„ biomechanics two ู‡ุชูƒูˆู†
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:16,680 --> 00:00:21,340
15
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุนู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ biomechanics of articular cartilage
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:21,340 --> 00:00:28,820
19
+ ูˆุฅุญู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ ุฃู…ุงู…ู†ุง ุงู„
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:28,820 --> 00:00:33,940
23
+ cartilage ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุณุทุญ ุฃู…ู„ุณู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ two
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:33,940 --> 00:00:38,640
27
+ adjacent bone ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดูƒู„ู‡ ุงู„ joint ูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:38,640 --> 00:00:44,800
31
+ ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ articular
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:44,800 --> 00:00:48,720
35
+ cartilage ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ sensation ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:48,720 --> 00:00:52,120
39
+ ู…ุงุจู†ุญุณุด ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ู… ุงู„ุง ุงุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชุฃูƒู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:52,120 --> 00:00:55,900
43
+ cartilage ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ vascularization ุนุดุงู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:55,900 --> 00:01:02,200
47
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูุนู†ุฏู‡ุด ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ regeneration ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุงู„
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:02,200 --> 00:01:06,500
51
+ articular cartilage ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† highly specialized
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:06,500 --> 00:01:11,400
55
+ class of connective tissue with high mechanical
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:11,400 --> 00:01:12,320
59
+ properties
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:31,390 --> 00:01:36,130
63
+ movement it is intention even no stress is present
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:36,130 --> 00:01:43,390
67
+ ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ cartilage ู…ุดู†ูˆุฏ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠ ..
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:43,390 --> 00:01:48,880
71
+ ุจูŠู‚ุงูˆู… ุงู„ compressive ูˆ ุงู„ shear forcesูˆูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:48,880 --> 00:01:52,000
75
+ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุจูŠุชู…ุชุน ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ุฉ resilience and
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:52,000 --> 00:01:56,000
79
+ elasticity ุจุงู„ู…ุฑูˆู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ูƒุงููŠุฉ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:56,000 --> 00:02:00,100
83
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ energy ูˆ release ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ู„ energy
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:02:00,100 --> 00:02:03,120
87
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ resilience is the ability of the
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:02:03,120 --> 00:02:08,790
91
+ material to absorbenergy when it is deformed with
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:02:08,790 --> 00:02:14,330
95
+ deformed ุงู„ elast .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู„
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:14,330 --> 00:02:18,290
99
+ .. ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ deformation ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุจุนุฏ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:18,290 --> 00:02:21,850
103
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ compression ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ release ูˆู‡ุฏูŠ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:21,850 --> 00:02:27,190
107
+ ู„ู„ energy ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ unloading ุทูŠุจ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ types of
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:27,190 --> 00:02:31,110
111
+ ุงู„ cartilageุŸ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„hyaline cartilage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:31,110 --> 00:02:34,640
115
+ ุงู„ most common typeู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ synovial joint ูˆ ุงู„
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:34,640 --> 00:02:38,700
119
+ freely movable .. movable joint ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุทุจู‚ุฉ
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:38,700 --> 00:02:44,760
123
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ..
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:49,290 --> 00:02:56,930
127
+ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจู‚ุฉ ู…ู„ุณุงู‚ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฎู…ุณุฉ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:56,930 --> 00:03:03,710
131
+ ู…ู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ white layers of connective tissue
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:03:03,710 --> 00:03:09,330
135
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุฃุณุทุญ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ articular .. ุงู„
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:03:09,330 --> 00:03:15,040
139
+ joints ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุจุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:03:15,040 --> 00:03:19,400
143
+ elastic cartilage ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ cartilage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:19,400 --> 00:03:22,860
147
+ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ external ear ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:22,860 --> 00:03:27,560
151
+ fibrocartilage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ cartilage ุงู„ู„ูŠ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:27,560 --> 00:03:33,720
155
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ annulus ููŠุจุฑูˆุณุฒ ููŠ ุงู„
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:33,720 --> 00:03:37,330
159
+ intervertebral discูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ meniscus of
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:37,330 --> 00:03:42,070
163
+ the knee ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† pads ุงูˆ ู…ุฎุฏุงุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:42,070 --> 00:03:46,370
167
+ ุจุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ congruence ุชุจุน ุงู†ูŠ joinedุทุจุนุง ุฅูŠุด ูˆุธูŠูุฉ
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:46,370 --> 00:03:52,050
171
+ ุงู„ articular cartilage ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู‡ูˆ self
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:52,050 --> 00:03:55,570
175
+ -lubricants ุฃูˆ self-lubricating ุชุดูŠูˆู‡ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:55,570 --> 00:03:59,930
179
+ ุงู„ lubrication ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุดุญูŠู… ุฃูˆ ุชุฒูŠูŠุฏ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู…ูุตู„
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:59,930 --> 00:04:04,750
183
+ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃูŠ ู…ูุตู„ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ุชุดุญูŠู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:04:04,750 --> 00:04:09,150
187
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงุฌ ูˆุฑุฏู‡ ููˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ุฅุดูŠ ูŠู…ู†ุน
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:04:09,150 --> 00:04:15,120
191
+ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงุฌุจูŠู…ุณู…ุญ ู„ู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูŠุจ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู‰ the primary function to
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:15,120 --> 00:04:18,080
195
+ allow movement of the surface with minimal
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:18,080 --> 00:04:21,320
199
+ friction and wear ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง friction
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:21,320 --> 00:04:25,080
203
+ ุฃูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุงุญุชูƒุงุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ wear and tear ุจุชุญุตู„ ูˆ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:25,080 --> 00:04:29,300
207
+ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุจูŠุชุจุนู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ู„ู… ูˆ loss of
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:29,300 --> 00:04:33,070
211
+ function ูˆ ุงู„ stiffnessduring the joint motion the
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:33,070 --> 00:04:36,930
215
+ cartilage is continuously exposed to gravitation
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:36,930 --> 00:04:40,870
219
+ stress ูˆูƒู…ุงู† stress produced by muscle contraction
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:40,870 --> 00:04:44,550
223
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ weight bearing ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ joint ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:44,550 --> 00:04:48,570
227
+ ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ูˆุงู‚ููŠู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุถุบุท ู…ู† ุงู„ weight of
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:48,570 --> 00:04:51,920
231
+ the headุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cervical spine ูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ cervical
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:51,920 --> 00:04:57,900
235
+ spine ุจู†ุฒู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ shoulder girdle ุจู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ูˆุฒู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:57,900 --> 00:05:01,760
239
+ vertebra thoracic ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ lumbar ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:05:01,760 --> 00:05:05,300
243
+ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ both lower limbs ูุทูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:05:05,300 --> 00:05:10,280
247
+ compression ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cartilage of the joints ุงู„ู„ูŠ
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:10,280 --> 00:05:14,890
251
+ ุงุญู†ุง ูˆุงู‚ููŠู† ูˆ ูˆุงู‚ููŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุงูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:14,890 --> 00:05:21,950
255
+ stress ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:21,950 --> 00:05:25,670
259
+ muscle contraction ูุงู„ articular cartilage ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:25,670 --> 00:05:28,870
263
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง muscle
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:28,870 --> 00:05:31,470
267
+ contraction ู…ุน ุฃู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:31,470 --> 00:05:35,730
271
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ tension ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:35,730 --> 00:05:39,710
275
+ cartilageุงู„ cartridge ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ blood supply ุฒูŠ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:39,710 --> 00:05:42,470
279
+ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ูˆู„ุง ููŠู‡ lymphatic
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:42,470 --> 00:05:46,870
283
+ channels ูˆู„ุง ููŠู‡ neurological innervation ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:46,870 --> 00:05:52,730
287
+ ุงู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุถุนูŠู ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุชู‚ุถูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏู…ูˆูŠุฉ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:52,730 --> 00:05:55,030
291
+ ููŠู‡ ู„ุฅู† ู…ุงุชุจุงุฎุฏุด ุชุฑูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ blood
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:55,030 --> 00:05:57,850
295
+ vesselsุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด ููŠู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:57,850 --> 00:06:00,630
299
+ regeneration ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ destruction ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุชูŠู„ู‡
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:00,630 --> 00:06:04,950
303
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฑ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุชุญุตู„ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:04,950 --> 00:06:09,050
307
+ exposed ู„ stress ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠู‡ gravitational ุฃูˆ ุงู„
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:09,050 --> 00:06:14,930
311
+ stress ู…ู† ุงู„ muscle contractionsุทูŠุจ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:14,930 --> 00:06:18,630
315
+ cartilage ุงู„ forces ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุนุฑุถู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ cartilage ูู‰
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:18,630 --> 00:06:21,550
319
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง rotatory component ูˆ ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง non rotatory
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:21,550 --> 00:06:24,630
323
+ component ุงู„ rotatory component ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู†ุงุชุดุฉ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:24,630 --> 00:06:27,910
327
+ ุนู† ุงู„ movement ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ segment ุฃูˆ ุงู„
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:27,910 --> 00:06:32,770
331
+ rotation ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ muscle contraction
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:32,770 --> 00:06:36,310
335
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ movement ุนู„ู‰ ุงูุชุฑุถู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ elbow
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:36,310 --> 00:06:39,810
339
+ joint ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ biceps ุจุฏู‡ ุชุนู…ู„ affliction ู„ุงู„ elbow
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:39,810 --> 00:06:44,050
343
+ jointููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ muscle
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:44,050 --> 00:06:47,890
347
+ contraction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ biceps ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุนู„ู‰
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:47,890 --> 00:06:51,210
351
+ .. ุจุชุชุญู„ู„ ู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ forces ุงู„ rotatory force
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:51,210 --> 00:06:54,550
355
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ movement ุฃูˆ ุงู„ rotation ุฃูˆ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:54,550 --> 00:06:57,420
359
+ ุงู„ angulation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุจุตุฑูˆ ุงู„ non
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:57,420 --> 00:07:01,900
363
+ -rotatory component ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† parallel ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:01,900 --> 00:07:07,100
367
+ axis of the segment ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุงู† ุชุนู…ู„
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:07,100 --> 00:07:12,240
371
+ stabilization ู„ุงู„ุฌุฐุจ ู„ูˆ ุชุฎูŠู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ .. ูƒู„ ู…ูุตู„
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:12,240 --> 00:07:16,260
375
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑุช ููŠู‡ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฒูˆุบ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูู‡ุฐุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:16,260 --> 00:07:20,580
379
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุคู„ู… ู„ู„ุบุงูŠุฉ ูุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ muscle
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:20,580 --> 00:07:26,490
383
+ contraction ุจูŠุนู…ู„ stabilizationู„ู„ู…ูุตู„ ูƒู…ุงู† ูู‡ุฐุง
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:26,490 --> 00:07:31,430
387
+ ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ articular cartilage ู…ู† ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:31,430 --> 00:07:35,070
391
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง compression load ุงูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:35,070 --> 00:07:38,450
395
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง shearing .. shearing load ูˆ tensile load
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:38,450 --> 00:07:44,450
399
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ articular ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ force
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:44,450 --> 00:07:47,210
403
+ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ compression ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ articular surfaces
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:47,210 --> 00:07:50,650
407
+ against each other ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุซุจุชู‡ู… ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุนุดุงู†
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:50,650 --> 00:07:56,370
411
+ ู…ุง ูŠ ..ู…ุง .. ู…ุงูŠุฒุบูˆุด ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ force ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:56,370 --> 00:08:01,770
415
+ ุฒูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ rotatory force ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:01,770 --> 00:08:05,910
419
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนุณุงุณ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุซุจุช ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู…ู†
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:05,910 --> 00:08:12,330
423
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฒูˆุงุบุงู†the .. so the joint
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:12,330 --> 00:08:16,850
427
+ cartilage has to sustain a compression stress
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:16,850 --> 00:08:20,530
431
+ considerable degree which cause wear and tear of
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:20,530 --> 00:08:23,670
435
+ the articular cartilage and the joint surfaces
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:23,670 --> 00:08:27,020
439
+ ุทุจุนุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ wear and tear ุจุชุตูŠุฑู„ุฃู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:27,020 --> 00:08:29,900
443
+ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ cartilage ู†ูุณู‡ ุฃุณุงุณุง
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:29,900 --> 00:08:34,000
447
+ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชู…ู†ุนู‡ุง ุจุณ ุทุจุนุง ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุชุนุฑุถ ุจุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ุจุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:34,000 --> 00:08:38,500
451
+ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ compression ูู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุนุฑุถูˆุง ู„ู„ wear and tear
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:38,500 --> 00:08:41,760
455
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ damage ุทูŠุจ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ articular
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:41,760 --> 00:08:45,580
459
+ cartilageุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูˆุฒุน ุงู„ load ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุชุณูˆู‘ุฏ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:45,580 --> 00:08:49,080
463
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู ุจูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„ pressure ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:49,080 --> 00:08:52,340
467
+ pressure ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ force ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ area ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุจุฑุช
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:52,340 --> 00:08:55,660
471
+ ุงู„ area ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ area ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ููƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุจุฑ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:55,660 --> 00:09:00,180
475
+ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงู… ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจู‚ู„ ุงู„ stress ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:00,180 --> 00:09:04,320
479
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ contact stress decrease ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ stress
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:04,320 --> 00:09:09,260
483
+ ุจุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ force ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ area ุทุจุนุง it changesthe
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:09,260 --> 00:09:13,280
487
+ contact area during joint motion minimize the
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:13,280 --> 00:09:16,640
491
+ stress which may cause wear and tear upon the
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:16,640 --> 00:09:21,500
495
+ cartilage so that stress is not concentrated at
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:21,500 --> 00:09:27,420
499
+ one small areaุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ .. ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:27,420 --> 00:09:31,800
503
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ stress ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญุงุตู„ ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:31,800 --> 00:09:35,900
507
+ ู…ู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ wear and tear ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุทุจ ูˆ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุด
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:35,900 --> 00:09:43,350
511
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ cartilageุŸ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ compositionุงู„ูˆ ุทุจุนุง
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:43,350 --> 00:09:47,570
515
+ ููŠู‡ collagen ูˆ ููŠู‡ proteoglycan ูˆ ููŠู‡ water ูˆ
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:47,570 --> 00:09:52,430
519
+ inorganic salt ุฒูŠ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠ ููŠ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู† ..
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:52,430 --> 00:09:56,550
523
+ ุงู„ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† water ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ collagen ูˆ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:09:56,550 --> 00:10:00,700
527
+ ุงู„ proteoglycanุทุจุนุง ุงู„ stress ุจุชูˆุฒุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุนู†
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:00,700 --> 00:10:04,560
531
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cartridge ูˆ ุจุนู…ู„ ุฒูŠ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ wave
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:04,560 --> 00:10:08,620
535
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ .. ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุช .. ุจุชูˆุฒุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุนู„ู‰
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:08,620 --> 00:10:13,420
539
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุถุบุท ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:13,420 --> 00:10:21,100
543
+ ูŠู†ุชุดุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„ wavesุทุจุนุง ุงู„ .. that lead to the
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:21,100 --> 00:10:24,760
547
+ development of shear and tension stresses which
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:24,760 --> 00:10:29,900
551
+ must be taken up by tension resisting network ุงู„ู„ูŠ
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:29,900 --> 00:10:35,220
555
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ collagen fibers ูˆ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุชู‡ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒูŠู
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:35,220 --> 00:10:39,380
559
+ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุชู„ุช ุทุจู‚ุงุชุŒ ุงู„ุชู„ุช ุทุจู‚ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:39,380 --> 00:10:45,330
563
+ ุงู„ collagen ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชุฎุชู„ูุนุดุงู† ููŠ ูƒู„ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุจุชู‚ุงูˆู…
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:45,330 --> 00:10:49,210
567
+ ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ forces ุงู„ู„ูŠ applied ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:49,210 --> 00:10:53,590
571
+ network ู‡ุฐุง ุจุชูƒูˆู‘ู„ ู…ู† ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู…ู† collagen fibrils
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:53,590 --> 00:11:00,110
575
+ which ranges from 15 to 22 percent of the network
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:00,110 --> 00:11:05,670
579
+ ุชุจุนุงู„ .. ุงู„ cartilage ูˆ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ุฉ proteoglycan
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:05,670 --> 00:11:13,790
583
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ content ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ 4 ู„ 7% ู…ู† ุงู„ wet .. wet ุงู„
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:13,790 --> 00:11:18,370
587
+ .. ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฑุทุจ ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ water ูˆ ุงู„
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:18,370 --> 00:11:24,050
591
+ inorganic salts ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ู…ู† 60 ู„ 5 ุงูˆ 80%
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:24,050 --> 00:11:29,110
595
+ ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ matrix ูˆ protein ูˆ glycoproteins ูˆ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:29,110 --> 00:11:33,930
599
+ lipids ูˆ ู…ุง ุฅู„ุง ุฐู„ูƒุทูŠุจ ุงู„collision ูƒูŠู ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุชู‡ุŸ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:33,930 --> 00:11:37,230
603
+ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆุŸ ุงู„collision has a high level of structural
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:37,230 --> 00:11:41,730
607
+ organization ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุชู„ุช ุทุจู‚ุงุช result in
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:41,730 --> 00:11:45,930
611
+ optimum mechanical properties ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠ ุฃุตู„ ุฃุตู„ุง
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:45,930 --> 00:11:49,590
615
+ ุงู„ mechanical properties ุชุจุน ุงู„ cartilage ู†ูุณู‡
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:49,590 --> 00:11:53,230
619
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ function of collision ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง tensile
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:53,230 --> 00:11:58,650
623
+ stiffnessand strength properties as ุงู„ fibers are
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:58,650 --> 00:12:03,490
627
+ in tension even ู„ูˆ ู…ุงูƒู†ุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง stresses applied
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:03,490 --> 00:12:09,170
631
+ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ cartilage stress
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:09,170 --> 00:12:12,630
635
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ resistant ู„ู„ stress ูˆ ุงู„ strains ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:12,630 --> 00:12:16,630
639
+ articular cartilage ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู… ุงู„ stress ูˆ ุงู„
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:16,630 --> 00:12:19,520
643
+ strain ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ cartilageุจู†ุณุจุฉ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:19,520 --> 00:12:23,560
647
+ ู„ู„ู€arrangement ู„ู„ู€collision ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ููŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:23,560 --> 00:12:27,300
651
+ ุนู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ zones ูˆ .. ูˆ zones ู‡ุฐู‡ separated ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:27,300 --> 00:12:31,480
655
+ ุงู„ู€collision ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ superficial ู„ ุงู„
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:31,480 --> 00:12:34,860
659
+ deep ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฅู„ู‡ุง properties ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชู‚ูˆู…
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:34,860 --> 00:12:39,310
663
+ stresses ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉุงู„ู€ superficial layer ุจุชู‚ุงูˆู… ุฏุงุฆู…ุง
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:39,310 --> 00:12:45,070
667
+ ุงู„ู€ tensile stretch ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุฑุถุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฅุดูŠ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:45,070 --> 00:12:49,830
671
+ ู„ู€ tensile forces ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุนุดุฑุฉ ู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:49,830 --> 00:12:53,630
675
+ total thickness ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† densely packed
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:53,630 --> 00:12:58,770
679
+ fine fibrils elliptical ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠุถุงูˆูŠ and flattened
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:58,770 --> 00:13:05,270
683
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:05,270 --> 00:13:11,030
687
+ elliptical ุจูŠุถุงูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ .. ูˆ ู…ุณุทุญุฉ ูˆ ุจุช .. ุจุชูƒูˆู†
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:11,030 --> 00:13:15,270
691
+ ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ parallel to the articular surface ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:15,270 --> 00:13:18,570
695
+ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ู…ุซู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ุงู„ูˆุฌุงู‡ูŠ ุจู†ู…ุณูƒ ุฎู…ุณ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:18,570 --> 00:13:22,170
699
+ ุฃู‚ู„ุงู… ูˆ ุจู†ู…ุณูƒู‡ู… ูƒุฏู‡ ูˆ ุจู†ุตูุทู‡ู… ูˆ ุจู†ู…ุณูƒู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุนุฑุถ ูˆ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:22,170 --> 00:13:26,310
703
+ ุจู†ุญุงูˆู„ ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ุฌุฏู‡ู…ุฃูˆ ู†ูƒุณุฑู‡ู… ุทุจุนุง ุตุนุจ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงู† ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:26,310 --> 00:13:31,470
707
+ ู†ุชุนุฌู‡ู… ุงูˆ .. ุงูˆ .. ุงูˆ ู†ุดุฏู‡ู… ูู‡ุฐุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:31,470 --> 00:13:36,810
711
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู‡ู… ูˆ ู‡ู… ู…ุฑุชุจูŠู† in parallel way ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:36,810 --> 00:13:41,050
715
+ arrangement ู‡ุฐุง sort of protecting not allowing
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:41,050 --> 00:13:45,470
719
+ the fiber to move apart without losing tensile
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:45,470 --> 00:13:48,230
723
+ strength ุทุจ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ zone ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงู„ middle zone
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:48,230 --> 00:13:53,170
727
+ ุจุชุดูƒู„ 40ู„ู€ 60% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ total thickness ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ zone
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:53,170 --> 00:14:01,230
731
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑุชุจุฉ randomly distributed in oblique way ุฒูŠ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:01,230 --> 00:14:05,790
735
+ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดูู†ุงู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุญู„ู‚ุงุช ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:14:05,790 --> 00:14:09,690
739
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ surface ูƒูŠู ู‡ู†ุง parallel ูˆ ุงู„ middle
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:09,690 --> 00:14:14,170
743
+ zone ุจุชูƒูˆู† randomly ูˆ ู‡ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ deep zone ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:14,170 --> 00:14:21,880
747
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ุฉ ูˆู‚ูุฉ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุง ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ deep zoneู‡ูŠ ุจุชุดูƒู„ 30
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:21,880 --> 00:14:24,020
751
+ % ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ total thickness ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ zone
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:24,020 --> 00:14:29,960
755
+ arrangement ุจุชูƒูˆู† perpendicular to the cartilage ูˆ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:29,960 --> 00:14:36,360
759
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ TED mark ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุญุฏ ุงู„ูุงุตู„ ู…ุง
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:14:36,360 --> 00:14:40,040
763
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ bone ูˆ ุงู„ inter surface ุงู„ inter surface of
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:40,040 --> 00:14:44,480
767
+ the bone ูˆ ุงู„ cartilageู‡ุฐู‡ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ Parallel
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:44,480 --> 00:14:52,560
771
+ Orientation ู„ู„ู€ Fibers ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุชุฎุชู„ู
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:52,560 --> 00:14:56,660
775
+ ุฎูˆุงุตู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ Perpendicular Orientation
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:59,020 --> 00:15:04,040
779
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุงู„ูŠู„ ููˆู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง stiffness ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู„ู„ ..
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:15:04,040 --> 00:15:08,140
783
+ ู„ู„ tensile force ูˆ ุงู„ perpendicular ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:15:08,140 --> 00:15:12,540
787
+ stiffness ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู„ ุงู„ compression force ุทุจุนุง tensile
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:12,540 --> 00:15:16,560
791
+ stiffness of the superficial layer ุจุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจุดูƒู„
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:16,560 --> 00:15:21,320
795
+ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ู…ุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ deep zone
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:25,810 --> 00:15:32,010
799
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูˆุถุญ ุฃู† ุงู„ุชุฑุชูŠุจุฉ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:32,010 --> 00:15:37,190
803
+ different zones of the cartilage superficial ูˆู‡ูŠ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:37,190 --> 00:15:41,510
807
+ ุจุชุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ู„ุนุดุฑูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุฑุง ู„ู„ fibers ู‡ุฐูŠ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:41,510 --> 00:15:46,150
811
+ middle zone randomly organized ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ deep zone
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:46,150 --> 00:15:47,250
815
+ ูู‡ูŠ
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:52,380 --> 00:15:57,940
819
+ perpendicular ูู‡ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชู‚ุงูˆู… ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ูุณ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:57,940 --> 00:16:00,740
823
+ ุงู„ุฅู‚ู„ุงู… ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุง ุญุงูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ู… ุจุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู„ูˆ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:16:00,740 --> 00:16:04,740
827
+ ู…ุณูŠูƒู†ู‡ู… ุจุดูƒู„ .. ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูˆุฏู‡ ุณู‡ู„ ุฃู†ู†ุง ุงู†ู†ุง ู„ูˆ .. ู„ูˆ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:16:04,740 --> 00:16:08,220
831
+ ุดุฏู†ุงู‡ู… ูŠุชูุฑู‚ูˆุง ุนู† .. ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ู…
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:16:14,970 --> 00:16:18,570
835
+ ุทูŠุจ there is decrease in tensile stiffness or
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:18,570 --> 00:16:22,870
839
+ strength ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฑุงุญุช ุฑูˆุญู†ุง deeper ููŠ ุงู„ surface ูƒู„
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:16:22,870 --> 00:16:25,290
843
+ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ distance from the surface of the
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:16:25,290 --> 00:16:29,170
847
+ articular cartilage ุงู„ superficial layer is
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:29,170 --> 00:16:34,350
851
+ protective for the articular cartilage ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:16:34,350 --> 00:16:38,010
855
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุช resist the tensile strain produced by
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:16:38,010 --> 00:16:41,490
859
+ compression and friction at the joint ูˆุงู„ุฏูŠ ุจุตุชูˆู†
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:41,750 --> 00:16:46,130
863
+ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ resistant ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู„ู€ compression load due
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:46,130 --> 00:16:49,910
867
+ to its perpendicular orientation ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ู€
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:49,910 --> 00:16:55,410
871
+ proteoglycan ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ู† ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ู€
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:55,410 --> 00:16:59,050
875
+ cartilage articular cartilage ุงู„ function ุชุจุนุชู‡ ู‡ูŠ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:59,050 --> 00:17:04,770
879
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุฑุงุจุท ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:17:04,770 --> 00:17:09,970
883
+ .. ุฒูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุตู‚ุฉ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ .. ุงู„
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:09,970 --> 00:17:15,710
887
+ collagen fibersู‡ูŠ large protein polysaccharide
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:15,710 --> 00:17:21,190
891
+ molecules composed of protein core to which one or
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:17:21,190 --> 00:17:24,810
895
+ more glycosaminoglycans
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:17:26,840 --> 00:17:30,840
899
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงุฎุชุตุงุฑู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ GAGs are attached ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:17:30,840 --> 00:17:35,880
903
+ proteoglytin are strongly hydrophilic substance
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:17:35,880 --> 00:17:41,680
907
+ ุทุจุนุง occupying large solvent domains in the
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:41,680 --> 00:17:45,760
911
+ aquatic solution ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูˆ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุชุฑุงุจุท
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:45,920 --> 00:17:49,540
915
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ bending substance to the
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:49,540 --> 00:17:52,660
919
+ collagen molecule at a certain level within the
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:52,660 --> 00:17:59,380
923
+ cartilage ูˆูƒุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ collagen
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:59,380 --> 00:18:03,960
927
+ fibers ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง when stress is
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:18:03,960 --> 00:18:06,880
931
+ applied to the cartilage surface ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:18:06,880 --> 00:18:11,500
935
+ interestantious deformation ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:18:11,500 --> 00:18:17,750
939
+ ุดูƒู„ุงู„ .. ุงู„ cartilage ุจูŠูƒูˆู† .. ุจุณู…ุญ ููŠ ุงู„ ..
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:18:17,750 --> 00:18:22,090
943
+ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฑุงุจ ุงู„ proteoglycan ู„ุฅู† ู‡ุฒูŠู„
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:18:22,090 --> 00:18:29,360
947
+ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ู„ุงุตู‚ุฉ ูˆ ู„ุฐูŠุฌุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ ..ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุทูŠุจ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:18:29,360 --> 00:18:34,920
951
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุฏุฑุชู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:18:34,920 --> 00:18:41,480
955
+ articular cartilage ูˆ ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:18:41,480 --> 00:18:45,300
959
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
960
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/-hNgaZ_BRLc_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:02,940
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:02,940 --> 00:00:07,180
7
+ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆุนู„ูŠ ุขู„ู‡ ูˆุตุญุจู‡ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:07,180 --> 00:00:11,400
11
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ gait ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ abnormal gait
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:11,400 --> 00:00:15,620
15
+ patterns ูˆ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง deviation ููŠ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:15,620 --> 00:00:21,380
19
+ ุงู„ gait ูˆ ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง limping ุจุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:21,380 --> 00:00:28,420
23
+ ูˆู…ุดุงูƒู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุตูŠุจ ุงู„ gait ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุฃุซุฑ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:28,420 --> 00:00:32,140
27
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ gait ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุฑุงูˆุญ ู…ู† ankle sprain ุฅู„ู‰
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:32,140 --> 00:00:36,140
31
+ stroke ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† very mild ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:36,140 --> 00:00:41,840
35
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุดูƒู‘ุชู†ุง ุฏุจูˆุณ ู…ุตู…ุงุฑ ุฒุงุฒุง ุฌุฑุญุชู†ุง ุจุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:41,840 --> 00:00:45,020
39
+ ูˆุฌุน ููŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ ..
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:51,590 --> 00:00:56,470
43
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูŠุก permanent ูˆ ุตุนุจ ุฒูˆุงู„ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:56,470 --> 00:01:02,430
47
+ ุตุงุจ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงู„ stroke ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ hemiplegia ุฃูˆ ุงู„ TBI
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:02,430 --> 00:01:06,530
51
+ ุฃูˆ whatever ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠ neurological deficiency ู…ู…ูƒู†
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:07,480 --> 00:01:13,020
55
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ gait ุนู†ุฏู†ุง great variation depending
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:13,020 --> 00:01:16,060
59
+ upon the severity of the problem ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ุชุฎุชู„ู
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:16,060 --> 00:01:20,660
63
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุนุฑุถ ู…ู†ู‡ุง .. ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:20,660 --> 00:01:25,420
67
+ ูˆ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู‡ุง
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:25,420 --> 00:01:28,080
71
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู‡ุง ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:28,080 --> 00:01:33,970
75
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ limbs with all causes of abnormal
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:33,970 --> 00:01:37,470
79
+ motion severity or degree of involvement will
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:37,470 --> 00:01:42,170
83
+ always result in range of variations ู…ู† minor ones
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:42,170 --> 00:01:47,360
87
+ ุฅู„ู‰ major ones ุนุงุฏุฉ there are many methods of
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:47,360 --> 00:01:52,160
91
+ classification of abnormal gait ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซู„ ู…ู†
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:52,160 --> 00:01:56,680
95
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุตูŠุจ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ general
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:56,680 --> 00:02:00,840
99
+ causes ู‡ู†ุฑูˆุญ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ general causes of
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:00,840 --> 00:02:06,540
103
+ abnormal gait ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง muscular
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:06,540 --> 00:02:10,080
107
+ weakness ุฃูˆ paralysis ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง joint ุฃูˆ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:10,080 --> 00:02:13,600
111
+ muscle range of motion limitation ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:13,600 --> 00:02:17,880
115
+ neurological involvement ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง pain ุฃูˆ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:17,880 --> 00:02:22,370
119
+ leg .. leg length discrepancy ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ major
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:22,370 --> 00:02:26,330
123
+ problems ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ gait
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:26,330 --> 00:02:29,570
127
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ amputation ูƒู…ุงู† ุณุจุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ artificial
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:29,570 --> 00:02:34,210
131
+ limbs ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ calfos ูˆ ุงู„ aphos ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:34,210 --> 00:02:37,810
135
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุฃุฎุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู…ู†
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:37,810 --> 00:02:42,370
139
+ ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ู…ุซู„ุง ุฏู‡ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ gait ุทุจุนุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:42,370 --> 00:02:45,630
143
+ ู„ู„ muscular ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:45,630 --> 00:02:49,810
147
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ muscular weakness ุฃูˆ paralysis ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ู‘ุง
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:49,810 --> 00:02:53,290
151
+ ู†ูู‡ู… ุดุบู„ุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง muscle weakness
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:53,290 --> 00:02:57,950
155
+ ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุชุตุฑู ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนูˆุถ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ weakness ูˆ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:57,950 --> 00:03:01,350
159
+ ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ torque ุฃูˆ ุนุฒู… ุงู„ุงุฒุฏูˆุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:01,350 --> 00:03:05,630
163
+ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ูŠ ูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ movement
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:05,630 --> 00:03:09,610
167
+ ูุนุงุฏุฉ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง weakness ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจูŠุนู…ู„
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:09,610 --> 00:03:13,280
171
+ shifting ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ weak side ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูˆุฏูŠ ุงู„ center of
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:13,280 --> 00:03:18,460
175
+ gravity ุฏุงุฆู…ุง towards the weak side depending upon
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:18,460 --> 00:03:21,920
179
+ the cause or severity of muscle weakness can range
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:21,920 --> 00:03:25,560
183
+ from slight weakness to complete paralysis ุทุจุนุง
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:26,870 --> 00:03:29,930
187
+ ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ severity ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ muscle
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:29,930 --> 00:03:32,810
191
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช weak ุฅุฐุง completely paralyzed ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ุงู„
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:32,810 --> 00:03:36,470
195
+ limping ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนุฑุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:36,470 --> 00:03:40,410
199
+ ุงู„ lower limb ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ generally with muscle
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:40,410 --> 00:03:43,630
203
+ weakness the body tends to compensate by shifting
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:43,630 --> 00:03:47,270
207
+ the center of gravity over or towards the part
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:47,270 --> 00:03:49,670
211
+ that is involved ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:49,670 --> 00:03:53,530
215
+ gluteus maximus ู…ุซู„ุง weakness ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุงู„
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:53,530 --> 00:03:57,030
219
+ center of gravity ููˆู‚ ุงู„ gluteus maximus ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:03:57,030 --> 00:04:00,670
223
+ gluteus medius ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ gluteus medius ุงู„
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:00,670 --> 00:04:04,530
227
+ weak ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ quadriceps ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:04,530 --> 00:04:08,010
231
+ lean forward ูŠู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุญุท ุงู„ center of
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:08,010 --> 00:04:11,770
235
+ gravity ููˆู‚ ุงู„ weak side ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ torque ู…ู†
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:11,770 --> 00:04:14,790
239
+ ุนุฒู… ุงู„ุฅุฒุฏูˆุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูˆ ุฐุฑุงุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:14,790 --> 00:04:25,750
243
+ ู…ุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุดูƒู„ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุณู„
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:25,750 --> 00:04:31,990
247
+ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:31,990 --> 00:04:36,140
251
+ movement during a gait cycle Obviously, the portion of
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:36,140 --> 00:04:39,040
255
+ the gait cycle affected with the portion in which
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:39,040 --> 00:04:42,640
259
+ the muscle or joint have major role ุทุจุนุง ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:42,640 --> 00:04:47,300
263
+ ู†ุดูˆู ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ูƒู… ู…ู† ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ู… ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:47,300 --> 00:04:50,360
267
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ major muscles ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง contributing
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:50,360 --> 00:04:54,160
271
+ during the gait cycle ุฒูŠ ุงู„ gluteus maximus ูˆ ุงู„
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:54,160 --> 00:04:58,020
275
+ gluteus medius ูˆ ุงู„ quadriceps ูˆ ุงู„ hamstrings ูˆ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:58,020 --> 00:05:00,860
279
+ ุงู„ ankle dorsiflexors ูˆ ุงู„ triceps ูˆ triceps
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:00,860 --> 00:05:07,020
283
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูŠุก ู…ู‡ู… ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ูƒู„ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆู„ู…ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:07,020 --> 00:05:12,200
287
+ ู„ rock horse gait ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู†ูƒูˆู† ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:12,200 --> 00:05:15,300
291
+ weakness of the gluteus maximus ุณู…ู‘ูŠู‡ gluteus
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:15,300 --> 00:05:19,520
295
+ maximus gait ุทุจุนุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจู†ูƒูˆู†ุด
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:19,520 --> 00:05:23,420
299
+ ุฑุงุฌุนูŠู† ุธู‡ุฑู†ุง ู„ูˆุฑุง ู…ุง ู†ุญุชุงุฌุด ุฃู† ู†ูˆุฏูŠ ุงู„ center of the
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:23,420 --> 00:05:27,100
303
+ gravity ุชุจุนู†ุง ู„ูˆุฑุง ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุถุทุฑูŠู† ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:27,100 --> 00:05:30,360
307
+ ุงู„ gluteus maximus ุถุนูŠูุฉ ูุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูˆุฏูŠ ุงู„ center
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:30,360 --> 00:05:34,030
311
+ of the gravity ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃูˆุฏูŠ ุงู„ weight ู„ูˆุฑุง ุงู„
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:34,030 --> 00:05:38,630
315
+ gluteus maximus ุนุณู‰ ุณุฃู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ torque ู‡ู†ุง this will
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:38,630 --> 00:05:41,570
319
+ shift the body posteriorly over the gluteus
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:41,570 --> 00:05:45,050
323
+ maximus movement moving in a line of force
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:45,050 --> 00:05:48,950
327
+ posterior to the hip ุจู†ูˆุฏูŠ ุงู„ line of force ุจุฏู‡
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:05:48,950 --> 00:05:52,830
331
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ูˆุฑุง ุงู„ hip ุงู„ with the foot in contact with
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:05:52,830 --> 00:05:56,910
335
+ the floor ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† requires ู„ุงุฒุงู„ strength
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:05:56,910 --> 00:05:59,910
339
+ to maintain the hip in extension during stance
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:05:59,910 --> 00:06:04,360
343
+ phase ุทุจุนุง this shifting ุจุชุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ rock horse ูŠุนู†ูŠ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:04,360 --> 00:06:08,040
347
+ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ุงู„ู‡ุฒุงุฒ ูƒูŠู ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจู‡ุฒ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:08,040 --> 00:06:11,700
351
+ ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆ ูˆุฑุง ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆ ูˆุฑุง ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆ ูˆุฑุง because of the
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:11,700 --> 00:06:16,720
355
+ extreme backward forward movement of the trunk ูŠุนู†ูŠ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:16,720 --> 00:06:20,520
359
+ ุทูˆู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฑุฌุญ ุจุฏู†ู‡ ู„ูˆุฑุงู‡ ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ูŠุง
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:20,520 --> 00:06:23,740
363
+ ุตุจุงูŠุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ movement ุงู„ abnormal gait ุญุชู‰ ุงู„
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:23,740 --> 00:06:28,000
367
+ normal gait ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุฒู„ ู„ูƒู… ูŠุง ููŠ ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ ู‡ุญุทู‡ุง ุฅู†
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:28,000 --> 00:06:31,240
371
+ ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ model ุนุดุงู† ุชุชุนุฑููˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ normal
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:31,240 --> 00:06:35,960
375
+ gait ูˆ ุงู„ abnormal gait ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุดุฑุญู‡ุง ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ู„ูƒู†
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:35,960 --> 00:06:39,920
379
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุถุญุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู†ุญุท ุนู„ูŠ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:06:39,920 --> 00:06:43,880
383
+ ุงู„ model ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุฑูˆุถ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:06:43,880 --> 00:06:48,240
387
+ powerpoint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุนู…ู„ูƒู… ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูุชุญ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ video
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:06:48,240 --> 00:06:52,040
391
+ ุจุณ ูŠุง ุงุจู†ูŠ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุนุฑุถ ู…ุง .. ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุธุจุท ู…ุนู†ุงู‡
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:06:52,040 --> 00:06:57,800
395
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู†ูŠ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:06:57,800 --> 00:07:05,180
399
+ ุฃ .. ุฃุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ .. ุฃุญุงูˆู„ ุฃูุชุญ ุงู„ video ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:05,180 --> 00:07:06,040
403
+ ูŠุง ุฑุจ ูŠุธุจุท
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:22,970 --> 00:07:27,350
407
+ Gluteus Maximus Gate. During mid stance, the
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:27,350 --> 00:07:31,070
411
+ ipsilateral hip must be maintained in extension or
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:31,070 --> 00:07:34,250
415
+ the trunk would collapse forward. If there is
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:34,250 --> 00:07:37,230
419
+ weakness of the Gluteus Maximus muscle, the
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:37,230 --> 00:07:39,730
423
+ patient is required to thrust the trunk
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:39,730 --> 00:07:43,510
427
+ posteriorly resulting in an extensor lurch or
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:07:43,510 --> 00:07:45,010
431
+ Gluteus Maximus Gate.
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:07:56,990 --> 00:08:03,730
435
+ ุทุจุนุง ุจู†ุฑุฌุน ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ powerpoint ู„ู†ู‚ุฑุฃ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:07,920 --> 00:08:13,120
439
+ ูˆู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ gluteus medius gait ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุฑูˆุญ over the
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:13,120 --> 00:08:16,180
443
+ affected side during the stance phase ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:16,180 --> 00:08:21,260
447
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุฃู† ุงู„ gluteus medius ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ left side
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:21,260 --> 00:08:26,440
451
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ weak ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจุฏูŠ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:26,440 --> 00:08:31,120
455
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ figure ุงู„ left gluteus
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:31,120 --> 00:08:34,580
459
+ medius is weak causing two things to happen ุฃูˆู„
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:34,580 --> 00:08:38,890
463
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ lean over the left leg during stance phase
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:38,890 --> 00:08:44,310
467
+ of the left leg ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ right side of the pelvic
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:44,310 --> 00:08:47,770
471
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠู†ุฒู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุง drop ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:47,770 --> 00:08:50,610
475
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ gait terminal ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:50,610 --> 00:08:55,130
479
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ trended in gait ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:55,130 --> 00:08:57,970
483
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง drop when the right leg leaves the ground
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:08:57,970 --> 00:09:03,350
487
+ and begins swing fast ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ hip
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:03,350 --> 00:09:07,950
491
+ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ู„ุชุญุช ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:07,950 --> 00:09:12,690
495
+ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ do not confuse this with normal amount of
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:12,690 --> 00:09:14,810
499
+ dipping ุทุจุนุง ุฃู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ gait
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:14,810 --> 00:09:17,510
503
+ determinant ู‡ูŠ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุจุณ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง drop
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:17,510 --> 00:09:23,470
507
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุฏุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ abnormal gain ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ู…ุน
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:23,470 --> 00:09:28,690
511
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุฅู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูุชุญ abductor lurch or
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:28,690 --> 00:09:33,210
515
+ gluteus medius gait during mid stance the
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:33,210 --> 00:09:35,650
519
+ abductor muscles about the hip on the weight
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:35,650 --> 00:09:38,850
523
+ bearing side must contract to prevent the opposite
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:09:38,850 --> 00:09:42,530
527
+ pelvis from tilting down excessively this
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:09:42,530 --> 00:09:45,830
531
+ increases the pressure across the hip joint to
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:09:45,830 --> 00:09:49,580
535
+ more than that of just body weight ูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู†ุชุฌ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:09:49,580 --> 00:09:54,800
539
+ ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ููŠ ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆุทูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจ ูƒุฃู†
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:09:54,800 --> 00:09:58,740
543
+ ูƒูˆู…ุจูˆุณ ูƒุงู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุญุณูŠู† ุทููˆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุชู‡ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:09:58,740 --> 00:10:03,820
547
+ ุฃู† ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ุฃุญุฏู‡ู… ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆุท ูˆูŠุญุณู†
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:03,820 --> 00:10:08,940
551
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฌุณุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ุญุฌู… ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆุทุŒ ุจุฐู„ูƒ ูŠุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:08,940 --> 00:10:13,100
555
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุชุญุณูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ูˆุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:13,100 --> 00:10:18,520
559
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† 1
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:18,520 --> 00:10:23,220
563
+ ุฅู†ุด ูˆูŠุนุฑู ูƒู€ Abductor Lurch ุฃูˆ Gluteus Medius Gap
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:23,220 --> 00:10:26,420
567
+ ุฎุณุงุฑุฉ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:26,420 --> 00:10:30,700
571
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ Gluteus Medius ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ููˆู„ูŠูˆ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:30,700 --> 00:10:32,120
575
+ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:10:32,120 --> 00:10:32,700
579
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:10:32,700 --> 00:10:34,340
583
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:10:34,340 --> 00:10:37,560
587
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:10:37,560 --> 00:10:37,820
591
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:10:37,820 --> 00:10:43,280
595
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:10:43,800 --> 00:10:49,820
599
+ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูุชุงุญ ุชุฑู†ุฏุงู„ูŠู†ุจูˆุฑุช ุจุฏู„ู‹ุง
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:10:49,820 --> 00:10:53,040
603
+ ู…ู† ุชุฑู‚ุจ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑุงู†
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:10:53,040 --> 00:10:57,860
607
+ ููŠ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ููŠ ู…ูุชุงุญ ุชุฑู†ุฏุงู„ูŠู†ุจูˆุฑุช ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠุณู…ุญ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:10:57,860 --> 00:11:01,680
611
+ ุจุฌู„ุฏ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุนูƒุณูŠ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ู…ุชุณู„ุณู„
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:01,680 --> 00:11:07,180
615
+ ู„ู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู‡ูˆุฑุฒุงู†ุชุงู„ ูŠุฌุนู„ู‡ ูŠุฑูุน ุฅู„ู‰
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:07,180 --> 00:11:09,180
619
+ ู…ูุชุงุญ ุชุฑู†ุฏุงู„ูŠู†ุจูˆุฑุช
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:25,670 --> 00:11:29,070
623
+ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง weakness ููŠ ุงู„
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:29,070 --> 00:11:33,510
627
+ quadriceps muscle ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง different compensatory
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:33,510 --> 00:11:38,030
631
+ mechanism depending upon whether only quadriceps
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:38,030 --> 00:11:42,110
635
+ are weak ูˆู„ุง if ุฃู†ู‡ูŠ weakness ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ extremity
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:42,110 --> 00:11:47,510
639
+ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ูŠ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:11:47,510 --> 00:11:50,950
643
+ quadriceps ููƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:11:50,950 --> 00:11:54,450
647
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… polyomyelitis ู„ู…ุง
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:11:54,450 --> 00:11:58,330
651
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจูŠุดูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ูˆ ุจุญุท ุงูŠุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑูƒุจุชู‡
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:11:58,330 --> 00:12:02,150
655
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆ ุฏูŠ quadriceps weakness ู„ุงู†ุฏููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงู„ ู…ุงูŠู„ูŠู†
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:02,450 --> 00:12:06,230
659
+ The body forward over the quadriceps muscle at the
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:06,230 --> 00:12:09,950
663
+ early part of stance phase ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ weight ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:09,950 --> 00:12:14,450
667
+ shifted on the stance leg ุงู„ weight ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:14,450 --> 00:12:20,430
671
+ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ stance phase
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:20,430 --> 00:12:24,290
675
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ center of gravity ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆูŠุธู„ ู…ุญุงูุธ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:24,290 --> 00:12:27,690
679
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุจูŠุถู„ ุงู„ center of gravity ูˆุฑุง ู‡ู†ุง
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:27,690 --> 00:12:32,650
683
+ ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ club ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู†ุชู†ูŠ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:32,650 --> 00:12:36,050
687
+ buckling ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู†ุชู†ูŠ ุชุญุชู‡ ูู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:36,050 --> 00:12:40,290
691
+ ุงู„ center of gravity ู‚ุฏุงู… ุนุดุงู† ูŠุถู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ leg ู‡ู†ุง ุจ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:12:40,290 --> 00:12:44,580
695
+ extension Normally at this time, the line of force
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:12:44,580 --> 00:12:47,940
699
+ falls behind the knee. Required quadriceps action
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:12:47,940 --> 00:12:51,220
703
+ to keep the knee from buckling. ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ buckling ุฅู†ู‡
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:12:51,220 --> 00:12:56,020
707
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู‚ุฑูุตุงุก ุฃูˆ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุซู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑู‚ุจุฉ By
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:12:56,020 --> 00:13:00,080
711
+ leaning forward of the hip, center of gravity,
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:00,600 --> 00:13:05,110
715
+ shift forward ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ line of force ู„ูˆ ู‚ุฏุงู… in
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:05,110 --> 00:13:08,310
719
+ front of the knee this will force the knee
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:08,310 --> 00:13:12,350
723
+ backward into extension ุทุจุนู‹ุง in addition the
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:12,350 --> 00:13:16,870
727
+ person may physically push on the anterior thigh
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:16,870 --> 00:13:19,430
731
+ during stance with holding the knee in extension
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:19,430 --> 00:13:23,410
735
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฑูƒุฒู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฎุจุท ุงูŠุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ููˆู‚
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:23,410 --> 00:13:27,990
739
+ ุงู„ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุฑูƒุจุฉ ุชุธู„ ููŠ extension ุจูุฑุฏ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:13:27,990 --> 00:13:30,410
743
+ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:13:38,010 --> 00:13:41,510
747
+ Quadriceps weakness. At the time of heel strike,
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:13:41,870 --> 00:13:45,370
751
+ the knee is normally in full extension. If there
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:13:45,370 --> 00:13:48,070
755
+ is quadriceps weakness, thus not allowing the
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:13:48,070 --> 00:13:51,130
759
+ patient to maintain knee extension, the patient
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:13:51,130 --> 00:13:53,910
763
+ may attempt to push on the thigh in order to
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:13:53,910 --> 00:13:55,610
767
+ extend and lock the knee
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:12,360 --> 00:14:15,340
771
+ ุงู„ู‡ู…ุณุชุฑู†ุฌุฒ ุงู„ู‡ู…ุณุชุฑู†ุฌุฒ ู‡ู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู†
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:15,340 --> 00:14:18,040
775
+ ููŠู‡ weakness ููŠ ุงู„ู‡ู…ุณุชุฑู†ุฌุฒ ุจุณ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง generic
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:18,040 --> 00:14:22,900
779
+ of atom ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ูˆูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ููŠ hyper extension if
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:22,900 --> 00:14:26,600
783
+ hamstring are weak two things may happen during
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:26,600 --> 00:14:30,540
787
+ swing phase the knee will go into excessive hyper
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:14:30,540 --> 00:14:36,050
791
+ extension Sometimes referred to as Genu recurvatum
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:14:36,050 --> 00:14:40,050
795
+ again ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ during the
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:14:40,050 --> 00:14:45,590
799
+ deceleration ุชุจุน ุงู„ swing phase ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู†
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:14:45,590 --> 00:14:49,450
803
+ ุงู„ู‡ู…ุณุชุฑู†ุฌ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุชุนู…ู„ slow down ู„ู„ swing ุจุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู†
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:14:49,450 --> 00:14:54,800
807
+ ุงู„ snapping ู…ู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุชุฑุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฎุจุท ูƒุฏู‡
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:14:54,800 --> 00:15:00,100
811
+ ู„ู‚ุฏุงู… ูุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู† ุงู„ hamstring weak ู…ุด
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:00,100 --> 00:15:04,300
815
+ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ control ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ knee extension ูˆ ุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:04,300 --> 00:15:08,360
819
+ snapping ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:09,690 --> 00:15:14,450
823
+ weakness of the ankle dorsiflexors ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:15:14,450 --> 00:15:18,650
827
+ ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุนู† ุงู„ drop foot ุจุณ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ ankle
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:15:18,650 --> 00:15:23,130
831
+ dorsiflexors ูƒุซูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ stance phase ูˆ mainly
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:15:23,130 --> 00:15:26,350
835
+ ููŠ ุงู„ heel strike ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ heel strike ููŠ ูƒู„
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:15:26,350 --> 00:15:32,350
839
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง ุงู„ stance phase ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฏูˆุฑ ู„ู„
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:15:32,350 --> 00:15:37,330
843
+ ankle dorsiflexors ุทุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:15:37,330 --> 00:15:40,910
847
+ insufficient strength ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุถุนูŠูุฉ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:15:40,910 --> 00:15:46,410
851
+ ู„ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ enough ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠ ุงู„ control ุนู„ู‰
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:15:46,410 --> 00:15:51,790
855
+ ุงู„ .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ foot .. ู†ุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ููŠ neutral
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:15:51,790 --> 00:15:55,690
859
+ position If there is insufficient strength to move
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:15:55,690 --> 00:15:58,570
863
+ the ankle into dorsiflexion at the beginning of
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:15:58,570 --> 00:16:02,970
867
+ stance phase, the foot will land fairly flat on
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:02,970 --> 00:16:03,370
871
+ the floor
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:13,110 --> 00:16:17,450
875
+ muscle of the .. of the ankle dorsiflexors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:17,450 --> 00:16:21,850
879
+ ุงู„ tibialis anterior ูู„ุฃ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจุงู„ foot ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:16:21,850 --> 00:16:26,370
883
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ankle dorsiflexors
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:16:26,370 --> 00:16:32,150
887
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ toes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:16:32,150 --> 00:16:36,730
891
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ equinus ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ equinus gait ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู† ู…ุงููŠุด
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:16:36,730 --> 00:16:41,430
895
+ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุจ neutral position ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:16:41,430 --> 00:16:47,440
899
+ ุจุดูˆูŠุฉ slight dorsiflexion ู‡ูŠู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุจุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุฃุตุงุจุน
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:16:47,440 --> 00:16:51,840
903
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ูŠู†ุฒู„ ุจุงู„ู‡ูŠู„ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุจุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุฃุตุงุจุน
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:16:54,560 --> 00:17:00,700
907
+ weak ankle dorsiflexors may not be able to support
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:00,700 --> 00:17:04,820
911
+ the body weight ู…ุง ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุจุนุฏ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:04,820 --> 00:17:09,020
915
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู„ุณุชุฑุงูŠูƒ ูุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุจุชุฒู‚ู ุฒูŠ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:09,020 --> 00:17:12,960
919
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุจุชุฒู‚ู ุนู„ู‰
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:12,960 --> 00:17:19,430
923
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุจูŠุทุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุง
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:19,430 --> 00:17:22,730
927
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ heel strike ูˆ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ุฃุฌุฑ ุนู„ู‰
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:17:22,730 --> 00:17:27,650
931
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง foot slap ุฃู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ swing
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:17:27,650 --> 00:17:33,890
935
+ phase ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง hip flexion ูˆ knee
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:17:33,890 --> 00:17:37,650
939
+ flexion ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ankle dorsiflexion ุฃูˆ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:17:37,650 --> 00:17:40,790
943
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ neutral position ุนุดุงู† ุชุฑุชูุน ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุนู†
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:17:40,790 --> 00:17:46,690
947
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูˆู…ุง ุชุดุญุชุด ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุดุญุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตุงุจุน
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:17:46,690 --> 00:17:51,580
951
+ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ูŠู† ู…ุง ุชุดุญุชูˆุด ู…ุนุงู†ุง ุดุญุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูุฅูŠุด ุจุชุถุทุฑ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:17:51,580 --> 00:17:56,220
955
+ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ hip ูˆ ุงู„ knee flexion ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:17:56,220 --> 00:18:00,780
959
+ ุจูŠุณู…ู‰ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุทู„ุน ุณู„ู…ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:18:00,780 --> 00:18:04,680
963
+ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุนู†ุฏู‡ drop foot ูˆ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:18:04,680 --> 00:18:09,480
967
+ ุงู„ .. ูˆ ูƒูŠู ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจ stepage gait ู„ูŠุด ูŠุณู…ู‰
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:18:09,480 --> 00:18:12,980
971
+ stepage gait ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฑูุน ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠ ..
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:18:13,280 --> 00:18:18,340
975
+ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูˆ ูŠุทู„ุน ุณู„ู‘ู…ุฉ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ู„ู„
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:18:18,340 --> 00:18:23,720
979
+ triceps surae muscle ุฃูˆ ุงู„ gastrocnemius ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:18:23,720 --> 00:18:27,220
983
+ calf muscle ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช weak ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:18:27,220 --> 00:18:31,920
987
+ ุงู„ push off ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ toe off ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู†
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:18:31,920 --> 00:18:37,380
991
+ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู†ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ stance
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:18:37,380 --> 00:18:43,780
995
+ phase ุจุงู„ push off ูุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู‚ุตุฑ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:18:43,780 --> 00:18:49,780
999
+ ุงู„ step ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ mid distance ููˆุฑู‹ุง ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:18:49,780 --> 00:18:54,660
1003
+ ุฑุงูุน ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ูุจุชู‚ุตุฑ ุงู„ step ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ unaffected
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:18:54,660 --> 00:18:57,740
1007
+ leg ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ step ุจุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:18:57,740 --> 00:19:03,340
1011
+ ู…ุงุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุฑูุน ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุจุฑุงุญุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:19:03,340 --> 00:19:07,720
1015
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ sore foot limb ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ pain ููŠ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:19:07,720 --> 00:19:12,370
1019
+ ุงู„ leg ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ machine ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:19:12,370 --> 00:19:15,470
1023
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุจุชูˆุฌุนู‡ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:19:15,470 --> 00:19:21,530
1027
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุทูˆุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ although this
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:19:21,530 --> 00:19:29,030
1031
+ gait is noticeable on level ground ุนุงุฏุฉ becomes
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:19:29,030 --> 00:19:33,910
1035
+ most pronounced ุจูŠุจูŠู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทุงู„ุน
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:19:33,910 --> 00:19:39,410
1039
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุทู„ุนุฉ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ toe off ุฃูˆ ุงู„
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:19:39,410 --> 00:19:45,130
1043
+ push off ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง waddling gait commonly
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:19:45,130 --> 00:19:49,350
1047
+ seen with muscular dystrophy ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ weakness ู„ู…ุง
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:19:49,350 --> 00:19:52,290
1051
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ุง general weakness ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุดุฑุทุฉ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:19:52,290 --> 00:19:57,150
1055
+ ุจุช ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ diffuse weakness of many muscle
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:19:57,150 --> 00:20:00,270
1059
+ groups ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงู„ุฃุฏุง ู…ุด ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ waddling
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:20:00,270 --> 00:20:04,670
1063
+ gait ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง weakness ุฎุงุตุฉ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:20:04,670 --> 00:20:07,270
1067
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ myopathies ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฏุดู†
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:20:07,270 --> 00:20:13,280
1071
+ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ ู…ู† ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ person who stands
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:20:13,280 --> 00:20:17,040
1075
+ with the shoulders behind ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:20:17,040 --> 00:20:22,680
1079
+ bilateral gluteus maximus weakness ูˆ ุจูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูƒุฒ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:20:22,680 --> 00:20:27,490
1083
+ ู…ุญู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ iliofemoral ligament of the hip ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:20:27,490 --> 00:20:31,450
1087
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุงู‚ู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ iliofemoral ligament ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:20:31,450 --> 00:20:35,050
1091
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… paraparesis ุจูŠู…ุดูˆู‡ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:20:35,050 --> 00:20:38,710
1095
+ there is increased lumbar lordosis ูˆุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:20:38,710 --> 00:20:41,590
1099
+ pelvic instability ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง bilateral
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:20:41,590 --> 00:20:46,230
1103
+ Trendelenburg sign ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุชูŠู† ููŠ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:20:46,230 --> 00:20:50,340
1107
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† weakness ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู…ูŠู„ ุนู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุจูŠู…ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:20:50,340 --> 00:20:55,460
1111
+ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ little or no reciprocal pelvis and trunk
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:20:55,460 --> 00:20:59,920
1115
+ rotation occurs ููŠ ุงู„ swing phase ูˆ swing leg
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:20:59,920 --> 00:21:05,970
1119
+ forward ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชู†ุดุงู„ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ุง ุญุฏุซ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:21:05,970 --> 00:21:10,030
1123
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุดูŠู„ ุฑุฌู„ูˆู‚ ูˆ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ุง ุญุฏุซ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:21:10,030 --> 00:21:16,750
1127
+ swinging forward ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ right
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:21:16,750 --> 00:21:21,530
1131
+ swing forward ุงู„ right arm ุจุชู…ุดูŠ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:21:22,430 --> 00:21:26,970
1135
+ ููŠ ุงู„ normally ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ right arm ู…ุน left leg ูˆ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:21:26,970 --> 00:21:32,130
1139
+ left .. ูˆ left arm ู…ุน right leg ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฃ ุงู„
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:21:32,130 --> 00:21:36,990
1143
+ right arm ุจุชู…ุดูŠ .. ุจุชู†ุญุฏุซ ู…ุน ุงู„ .. ุงู„ right leg ูˆ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:21:36,990 --> 00:21:42,390
1147
+ ุงู„ left arm ู…ุน ุงู„ left leg and add this to the
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:21:42,390 --> 00:21:45,590
1151
+ axis of the trunk plane of Trendelenburg ุนู„ู‰
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:21:45,590 --> 00:21:49,470
1155
+ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ู„ู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง bilaterally ุงู„
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:21:49,470 --> 00:21:58,340
1159
+ gait bilaterally ุงู„ waddling gait ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:21:58,340 --> 00:22:02,240
1163
+ ูˆุงุถุญ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง stepage .. stepage
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:22:02,240 --> 00:22:06,640
1167
+ gait ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูˆู waddling gait ูˆ stepage .. ุงู„ waddling
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:22:06,640 --> 00:22:08,700
1171
+ gait ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง bilateral, tendinum,
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:22:08,760 --> 00:22:12,560
1175
+ tendonitis ูˆ stepage gait ูˆููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ reciprocal
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:22:12,560 --> 00:22:16,510
1179
+ R movement ู…ุน ุงู„ lower .. ู…ุน ุงู„ lower limb ูˆ ููŠ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:22:16,510 --> 00:22:19,710
1183
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง excess of the trunk ู„ูˆุฑุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญู„ูˆู ุนู„ู‰
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:22:19,710 --> 00:22:23,170
1187
+ ุงู„ุจุณุชูŠุฑูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง lordosis ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง instability
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:22:23,170 --> 00:22:26,630
1191
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ููŠ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:22:26,630 --> 00:22:31,610
1195
+ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุชู†ุง ู„ู„ bio mechanics ู‡ู†ุฒู„ู„ูƒู… ูŠุง ููŠุฏูŠูˆ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:22:31,610 --> 00:22:35,980
1199
+ ุฑุงุฆุน ุฃู†ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุฎุชู… ููŠู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ bio mechanic ูˆ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:22:35,980 --> 00:22:40,080
1203
+ ุจูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุญุชูุงู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุชู†ุง ูˆ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:22:40,080 --> 00:22:44,120
1207
+ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุชู…ู†ู‰ ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูˆ ุฌุงู‡ูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:22:44,120 --> 00:22:49,340
1211
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง fun ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง .. ููŠู‡ุง
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:22:49,340 --> 00:22:52,880
1215
+ ุนู„ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฑุงุฆุน ุฃู†ุง ุจุตุฑุงุญุฉ ุจุญุจ ุงู„ bio mechanic
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:22:52,880 --> 00:22:59,940
1219
+ ูˆ ุจุญุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุจ ุงู„ bio mechanic ูƒู…ุงู† ุทูŠุจ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:22:59,940 --> 00:23:01,860
1223
+ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:23:11,610 --> 00:23:12,490
1227
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุงุช
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:23:39,320 --> 00:23:42,400
1231
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชูˆ ุดุงูŠููŠู† typical waddling gait
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:24:36,510 --> 00:24:40,950
1235
+ ูˆุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู† ุดุงุก
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:24:40,950 --> 00:24:44,750
1239
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:24:44,750 --> 00:24:47,330
1243
+ limitation of a joint
PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/K0Itx2h-rz8_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1244 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:02,940
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:02,940 --> 00:00:07,180
7
+ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆุนู„ูŠ ุฃู„ูŠ ูˆุตุญุงุจูŠ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:07,180 --> 00:00:11,400
11
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ gate ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ abnormal gate
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:11,400 --> 00:00:15,620
15
+ patterns ูˆ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง deviation ููŠ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:15,620 --> 00:00:21,380
19
+ ุงู„ gate ูˆ ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง limpingุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:21,380 --> 00:00:28,420
23
+ ูˆู…ุดุงูƒู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุตูŠุจ ุงู„ gate ุงูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุฃุซุฑ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:28,420 --> 00:00:32,140
27
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ gate ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุฑุงูˆุญ ู…ู† ankle sprain ู„
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:32,140 --> 00:00:36,140
31
+ stroke ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† very mild ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:36,140 --> 00:00:41,840
35
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุดูƒุชู†ุง ุฏุจูˆุณ ู…ุตู…ุงุฑ ุฒุงุฒุง ุฌุฑุญุชู†ุง ุจุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ุงูˆ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:41,840 --> 00:00:45,020
39
+ ูˆุฌุน ููŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ ..
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:51,590 --> 00:00:56,470
43
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุดูŠ permanent ูˆ ุตุนุจ ุฒูˆุงู„ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:56,470 --> 00:01:02,430
47
+ ุตุงุจ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงู„ stroke ุงูˆ ุจุงู„ hemiplegia ุงูˆ ุงู„ TBI
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:02,430 --> 00:01:06,530
51
+ ุงูˆ whatever ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠ neurological deficiency ู…ู…ูƒู†
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:07,480 --> 00:01:13,020
55
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ gate ุนู†ุฏู†ุง great variation depending
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:13,020 --> 00:01:16,060
59
+ upon the severity of the problem ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ุชูุชู„ู
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:16,060 --> 00:01:20,660
63
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุนุฑุถ ู…ู†ู‡ุง .. ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:20,660 --> 00:01:25,420
67
+ ูˆ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชุนุฑุถู„ู‡ุง
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:25,420 --> 00:01:28,080
71
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุฑุถู„ู‡ุง ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:28,080 --> 00:01:33,970
75
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ limbas with all causes of abnormal
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:33,970 --> 00:01:37,470
79
+ motion severity or degree of involvement will
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:37,470 --> 00:01:42,170
83
+ always result in range of variations ู…ู† minor ones
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:42,170 --> 00:01:47,360
87
+ ู„ major ones ุนุงุฏุฉthere are many methods of
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:47,360 --> 00:01:52,160
91
+ classification of abnormal gait ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซู„ ู…ู†
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:52,160 --> 00:01:56,680
95
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุตูŠุจ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ general
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:56,680 --> 00:02:00,840
99
+ causes ู‡ู†ุฑูˆุญ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ general causes of
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:00,840 --> 00:02:06,540
103
+ abnormal gaitุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง muscular
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:06,540 --> 00:02:10,080
107
+ weakness ุฃูˆ paralysis ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง joint ุฃูˆ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:10,080 --> 00:02:13,600
111
+ muscle range of motion limitation ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:13,600 --> 00:02:17,880
115
+ neurological involvement ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง pain ุฃูˆ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:17,880 --> 00:02:22,370
119
+ leg .. leg length discurpancyู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ major
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:22,370 --> 00:02:26,330
123
+ problems ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ get
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:26,330 --> 00:02:29,570
127
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ amputation ูƒู…ุงู† ุณุจุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ artificial
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:29,570 --> 00:02:34,210
131
+ limbs ุงู„ .. ุงู„ calfos ูˆ ุงู„ aphos ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:34,210 --> 00:02:37,810
135
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุฃุฎุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู…ู†
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:37,810 --> 00:02:42,370
139
+ ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ู…ุซู„ุง ุฏู‡ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ get ุทุจุนุงู†ุฑูˆุญ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:42,370 --> 00:02:45,630
143
+ ู„ู„ muscular ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:45,630 --> 00:02:49,810
147
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ muscular weakness ุฃูˆ paralysis ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ุง
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:49,810 --> 00:02:53,290
151
+ ู†ูู‡ู… ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง muscle weakness
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:53,290 --> 00:02:57,950
155
+ ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุชุตุฑู ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ weakness ูˆ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:57,950 --> 00:03:01,350
159
+ ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ torque ุงูˆ ุนุฒู… ุงู„ุงุฒุฏูˆุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:01,350 --> 00:03:05,630
163
+ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ูŠ ูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ movement
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:05,630 --> 00:03:09,610
167
+ ูุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง weakness ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจูŠุนู…ู„
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:09,610 --> 00:03:13,280
171
+ shifting ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ weak sideูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูˆุฏ ุงู„ center of
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:13,280 --> 00:03:18,460
175
+ gravity ุฏุงุฆู…ุง towards the weak side depending upon
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:18,460 --> 00:03:21,920
179
+ the cause or severity of muscle weakness can range
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:21,920 --> 00:03:25,560
183
+ from slight weakness to complete paralysis ุทุจุนุง
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:26,870 --> 00:03:29,930
187
+ ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ severity ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ muscle
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:29,930 --> 00:03:32,810
191
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช weak ุฅุฐุง completely paralyzed ุจุฎุชู„ู ุงู„
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:32,810 --> 00:03:36,470
195
+ limbing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนุฑุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:36,470 --> 00:03:40,410
199
+ ุงู„ lower limb ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ generally with muscle
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:40,410 --> 00:03:43,630
203
+ weakness the body tends to compensate by shifting
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:43,630 --> 00:03:47,270
207
+ the center of gravity over or towards the part
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:47,270 --> 00:03:49,670
211
+ that is involved ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:49,670 --> 00:03:53,530
215
+ gluteus maximus ู…ุซู„ุง weakness ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุงู„
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:53,530 --> 00:03:57,030
219
+ center of gravityููˆู‚ ุงู„ gluteus maxim ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:03:57,030 --> 00:04:00,670
223
+ gluteus medius ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ gluteus medius ุงู„
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:00,670 --> 00:04:04,530
227
+ weak ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ quadriceps ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:04,530 --> 00:04:08,010
231
+ lean forward ูŠู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุญุท ุงู„ center of
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:08,010 --> 00:04:11,770
235
+ gravity ููˆู‚ ุงู„ weak side ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ torque ู…ู†
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:11,770 --> 00:04:14,790
239
+ ุนุฒู… ุงู„ุฅุฒุฏูˆุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูˆ ุฏุฑุงุนูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:14,790 --> 00:04:25,750
243
+ ู…ุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉุจุณูŠูƒุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุณู„
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:25,750 --> 00:04:31,990
247
+ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:31,990 --> 00:04:36,140
251
+ movement during a gameObviously, the portion of
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:36,140 --> 00:04:39,040
255
+ the gait cycle affected with the portion in which
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:39,040 --> 00:04:42,640
259
+ the muscle or joint have major role ุทุจุนุง ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:42,640 --> 00:04:47,300
263
+ ู†ุดูˆู ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุฃูƒู… ู…ู† ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ู… ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:47,300 --> 00:04:50,360
267
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ major muscles ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง contributing
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:50,360 --> 00:04:54,160
271
+ during the gait cycle ุฒูŠ ุงู„ gluteus maximus ูˆ ุงู„
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:54,160 --> 00:04:58,020
275
+ gluteus medius ูˆ ุงู„ quadriceps ูˆ ุงู„ hamstrings ูˆ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:58,020 --> 00:05:00,860
279
+ ุงู„ ankle dorsiflexors ูˆ ุงู„ triceps and triceps
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:00,860 --> 00:05:07,020
283
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุด ู…ุตู…ู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ูƒู„ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆู„ู…ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:07,020 --> 00:05:12,200
287
+ ุงู„ rock horse gate ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู†ูƒูˆู† ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:12,200 --> 00:05:15,300
291
+ weakness of the gluteus maximus ุณู…ูŠู‡ gluteus
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:15,300 --> 00:05:19,520
295
+ maximus gate ุทุจุนุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจู†ูƒูˆู†ุด
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:19,520 --> 00:05:23,420
299
+ ุฑุงุฌุนูŠู† ุธุงู‡ุฑู†ุง ู„ูˆุฑุง ู…ุญุชุงุฌุด ุงู†ู‡ ู†ูˆุฏ ุงู„ center of the
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:23,420 --> 00:05:27,100
303
+ gravity ุชุจุนู†ุง ู„ูˆุฑุง ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุถุทุฑูŠู† ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:27,100 --> 00:05:30,360
307
+ ุงู„ gluteus maximus ุถุนูŠูุฉ ูุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงูˆุฏูŠ ุงู„ center
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:30,360 --> 00:05:34,030
311
+ of the gravity ุงูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุงูˆุฏูŠ ุงู„ weightูˆูˆุฑุง ุงู„
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:34,030 --> 00:05:38,630
315
+ gluteus maximus ุนุณู‰ ุณุฃู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ turn ู‡ู†ุง this will
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:38,630 --> 00:05:41,570
319
+ shift the body posteriorly over the gluteus
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:41,570 --> 00:05:45,050
323
+ maximus movement moving in a line of force
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:45,050 --> 00:05:48,950
327
+ posterior to the hip ุจู†ูˆุฏูŠ ุงู„ line of force ุจุฏู‡
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:05:48,950 --> 00:05:52,830
331
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ูˆุฑุง ุงู„ hip ุงู„ with the foot in contact with
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:05:52,830 --> 00:05:56,910
335
+ the floor ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† requires ู„ุณู‡ strength
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:05:56,910 --> 00:05:59,910
339
+ to maintain the hip in extension during stance
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:05:59,910 --> 00:06:04,360
343
+ phaseุทุจุนุง this shifting ุจุชุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ rock horse ูŠุนู†ูŠ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:04,360 --> 00:06:08,040
347
+ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ุงู„ู‡ุฒุงุฒ ูƒูŠู ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจู‡ุฒ ุจุฑูˆุญ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:08,040 --> 00:06:11,700
351
+ ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆ ูˆุฑู‡ ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆ ูˆุฑู‡ ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆ ูˆุฑู‡ because of the
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:11,700 --> 00:06:16,720
355
+ extreme backward forward movement of the trunkูŠุนู†ูŠ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:16,720 --> 00:06:20,520
359
+ ุทูˆู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฑุฌุญ ุฏู‡ุฑู‡ ู„ูˆุฑุงู‡ ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ูŠุง
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:20,520 --> 00:06:23,740
363
+ ุตุจุงูŠุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ movement ุงู„ up-normal ุฌุงุชู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:23,740 --> 00:06:28,000
367
+ normal ุฌุงุช ุงู†ุง ู‡ู†ุฒู„ูƒู…ูŠุง ููŠ ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ ู‡ุญุทู‡ุง ุงู†
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:28,000 --> 00:06:31,240
371
+ ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ model ุนุดุงู† ุชุชุนุฑููˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ normal
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:31,240 --> 00:06:35,960
375
+ ุฌุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ up-normal ุฌุงุช ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุดุฑุญู‡ุง ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ู„ูƒู†
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:35,960 --> 00:06:39,920
379
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุถุญุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู†ุญุท ุนู„ูŠ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:06:39,920 --> 00:06:43,880
383
+ ุงู„ model ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:06:43,880 --> 00:06:48,240
387
+ powerpoint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุนู…ู„ูƒู… ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูุชุญ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ video
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:06:48,240 --> 00:06:52,040
391
+ ุจุณ ูŠุง ุงุจู†ู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุนุฑุถ ู…ุง .. ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุธุจุท ู…ุนู†ุงู‡
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:06:52,040 --> 00:06:57,800
395
+ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุญุงูˆู„ ุงู†ูŠ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:06:57,800 --> 00:07:05,180
399
+ ุง .. ุงุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงุญุงูˆู„ ุงูุชุญ ุงู„ video ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:05,180 --> 00:07:06,040
403
+ ูŠุง ุฑุจ ูŠุธุจุท
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:22,970 --> 00:07:27,350
407
+ Gluteus Maximus Gate.During mid stance, the
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:27,350 --> 00:07:31,070
411
+ itsilateral hip must be maintained in extension or
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:31,070 --> 00:07:34,250
415
+ the trunk would collapse forward.If there is
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:34,250 --> 00:07:37,230
419
+ weakness of the Gluteus Maximus muscle, the
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:37,230 --> 00:07:39,730
423
+ patient is required to thrust the trunk
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:39,730 --> 00:07:43,510
427
+ posteriorly resulting in an extensor lurch or
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:07:43,510 --> 00:07:45,010
431
+ Gluteus Maximus Gate.
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:07:56,990 --> 00:08:03,730
435
+ ุทุจุนุง ุจู†ุฑุฌุน ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ powerpoint ู„ู†ู‚ุฑุฃ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:07,920 --> 00:08:13,120
439
+ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ gluteus medius ุฌูŠุช ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจุฏูŠุฑูˆุญ over the
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:13,120 --> 00:08:16,180
443
+ affected side during the stance ุจูŠุฒ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:16,180 --> 00:08:21,260
447
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ gluteus medius ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ left side
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:21,260 --> 00:08:26,440
451
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ weak ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจุฏุฑูˆุญ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:26,440 --> 00:08:31,120
455
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ figure ุงู„ left gluteus
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:31,120 --> 00:08:34,580
459
+ medius is weak causing two things to happen ุฃูˆู„
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:34,580 --> 00:08:38,890
463
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุจุถู„ูŠู† over the left legduring stance phase
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:38,890 --> 00:08:44,310
467
+ of the left leg ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ right side of the pelvic
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:44,310 --> 00:08:47,770
471
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠู†ุฒู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุง drop ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:47,770 --> 00:08:50,610
475
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ get terminal ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:50,610 --> 00:08:55,130
479
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ trended in bergetูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:55,130 --> 00:08:57,970
483
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง drop when the right leg leaves the ground
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:08:57,970 --> 00:09:03,350
487
+ and begin swing fast ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ hip
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:03,350 --> 00:09:07,950
491
+ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ู„ุชุญุช ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:07,950 --> 00:09:12,690
495
+ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ do not confuse this with normal amount of
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:12,690 --> 00:09:14,810
499
+ dipping ุทุจุนุง ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ get
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:14,810 --> 00:09:17,510
503
+ determinant ู‡ูŠ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุจุณ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง drop
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:17,510 --> 00:09:23,470
507
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุฏุฎู„ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ abnormal gain ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ู…ุน
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:23,470 --> 00:09:28,690
511
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูุชุญ abductor lurch or
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:28,690 --> 00:09:33,210
515
+ gluteus medius skate during mid stance the
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:33,210 --> 00:09:35,650
519
+ abductor muscles about the hip on the weight
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:35,650 --> 00:09:38,850
523
+ bearing side must contract to prevent the opposite
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:09:38,850 --> 00:09:42,530
527
+ pelvis from tilting down excessively this
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:09:42,530 --> 00:09:45,830
531
+ increases the pressure across the hip joint to
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:09:45,830 --> 00:09:49,580
535
+ more than that of just body weightูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู†ุชุฌ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:09:49,580 --> 00:09:54,800
539
+ ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ููŠ ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆุทูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุท ูƒุฃู†
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:09:54,800 --> 00:09:58,740
543
+ ูƒูˆู…ุจูˆุณ ูƒุงู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุญุณูŠู† ุทููˆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุชู‡ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:09:58,740 --> 00:10:03,820
547
+ ุฃู† ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ุฃุญุฏู‡ู… ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆุท ูˆูŠุญุณู†
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:03,820 --> 00:10:08,940
551
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฌุณุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ุญุฌู… ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆุทุŒ ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:08,940 --> 00:10:13,100
555
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุชุญุณูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ูˆุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:13,100 --> 00:10:18,520
559
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุทู‡ุฐุง ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 1
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:18,520 --> 00:10:23,220
563
+ ุฅู†ุด ูˆูŠุนุฑู ูƒู€ Abductor Lurch ุงูˆ Gluteus Medius Gap
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:23,220 --> 00:10:26,420
567
+ ุฎุณุงุฑุฉ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:26,420 --> 00:10:30,700
571
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ Gluteus Medius ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ููˆู„ูŠูˆ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:30,700 --> 00:10:32,120
575
+ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:10:32,120 --> 00:10:32,700
579
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:10:32,700 --> 00:10:34,340
583
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:10:34,340 --> 00:10:37,560
587
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:10:37,560 --> 00:10:37,820
591
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:10:37,820 --> 00:10:43,280
595
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:10:43,800 --> 00:10:49,820
599
+ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูุชุงุญ ุชุฑู†ุฏุงู„ูŠู†ุจูˆุฑุช ุจุฏู„ุง
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:10:49,820 --> 00:10:53,040
603
+ ู…ู† ุชุฑู‚ุจ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑุงู†
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:10:53,040 --> 00:10:57,860
607
+ ููŠ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ููŠ ู…ูุชุงุญ ุชุฑู†ุฏุงู„ูŠู†ุจูˆุฑุช ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠุณู…ุญ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:10:57,860 --> 00:11:01,680
611
+ ุจุฌู„ุฏ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุนูƒุณูŠ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ู…ุชุณู„ุณู„
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:01,680 --> 00:11:07,180
615
+ ู„ู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู‡ูˆุฑุฒุงู†ุชุงู„ ูŠุฌุนู„ู‡ ูŠุฑูุน ุฅู„ู‰
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:07,180 --> 00:11:09,180
619
+ ู…ูุชุงุญ ุชุฑู†ุฏุงู„ูŠู†ุจูˆุฑุช
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:25,670 --> 00:11:29,070
623
+ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุทุจุนุง ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง weakness ููŠ ุงู„
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:29,070 --> 00:11:33,510
627
+ quadriceps muscle ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง different compensatory
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:33,510 --> 00:11:38,030
631
+ mechanism depending upon whether only quadriceps
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:38,030 --> 00:11:42,110
635
+ are weak ูˆ ู„ุง if ุฃู†ู‡ูŠ weakness ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ extremity
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:42,110 --> 00:11:47,510
639
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุชุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ูŠ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:11:47,510 --> 00:11:50,950
643
+ quadriceps ููƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:11:50,950 --> 00:11:54,450
647
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… polyomyelitis ู„ู…ุง
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:11:54,450 --> 00:11:58,330
651
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจูŠุดูŠ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ูˆ ุจุญุท ุงูŠุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑูƒุจุชู‡
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:11:58,330 --> 00:12:02,150
655
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆ ุฏูŠ quadriceps weakness ู„ุงู†ุฏููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงู„ ู…ุงูŠู„ูŠู†
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:02,450 --> 00:12:06,230
659
+ The body forward over the quadriceps muscle at the
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:06,230 --> 00:12:09,950
663
+ early part of stance phase ู‡ุฏุง ุงู„ weight ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:09,950 --> 00:12:14,450
667
+ shifted on the stance leg ุงู„ weight ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:14,450 --> 00:12:20,430
671
+ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ stance phase
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:20,430 --> 00:12:24,290
675
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ center of gravity ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆ ูŠุธู„ ู…ุญุงูุธ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:24,290 --> 00:12:27,690
679
+ ุนู„ู‰ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุจูŠุถู„ ุงู„ center of gravity ูˆุฑุง ู‡ู†ุง
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:27,690 --> 00:12:32,650
683
+ ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ club ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู†ุชู†ูŠ
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:32,650 --> 00:12:36,050
687
+ buckling ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู†ุชู†ูŠ ุชุญุชู‡ ูู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:36,050 --> 00:12:40,290
691
+ ุงู„ center of gravity ู‚ุฏุงู… ุนุดุงู† ูŠุถู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ leg ู‡ู†ุง ุจ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:12:40,290 --> 00:12:44,580
695
+ extensionNormally at this time, the line of force
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:12:44,580 --> 00:12:47,940
699
+ falls behind the knee. Required quadriceps action
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:12:47,940 --> 00:12:51,220
703
+ to keep the knee from buckling.ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ buckling ุฅู†ู‡
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:12:51,220 --> 00:12:56,020
707
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู‚ุฑูุตุงุก ุฃูˆ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑู‚ุจุฉ By
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:12:56,020 --> 00:13:00,080
711
+ leaning forward of the hip, center of gravity,
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:00,600 --> 00:13:05,110
715
+ shift forward ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ line of forceู„ูˆ ู‚ุฏุงู… in
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:05,110 --> 00:13:08,310
719
+ front of the knee this will force the knee
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:08,310 --> 00:13:12,350
723
+ backward into extension ุทุจุนุง in addition the
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:12,350 --> 00:13:16,870
727
+ person may physically push on the anterior thigh
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:16,870 --> 00:13:19,430
731
+ during stance with holding the knee in extension
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:19,430 --> 00:13:23,410
735
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฑูƒุฒู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฎุจุท ุงูŠุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ููˆู‚
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:23,410 --> 00:13:27,990
739
+ ุงู„ู†ูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ู†ูŠู‡ ุชุธู„ ู‡ุงุฆุจ extension ุจูุฑุฏ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:13:27,990 --> 00:13:30,410
743
+ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:13:38,010 --> 00:13:41,510
747
+ Quadriceps weakness. At the time of heel strike,
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:13:41,870 --> 00:13:45,370
751
+ the knee is normally in full extension. If there
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:13:45,370 --> 00:13:48,070
755
+ is quadriceps weakness, thus not allowing the
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:13:48,070 --> 00:13:51,130
759
+ patient to maintain knee extension, the patient
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:13:51,130 --> 00:13:53,910
763
+ may attempt to push on the thigh in order to
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:13:53,910 --> 00:13:55,610
767
+ extend and lock the knee
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:12,360 --> 00:14:15,340
771
+ ุงู„ู‡ู…ุณุชุฑู†ุบุฒ ุงู„ู‡ู…ุณุชุฑู†ุบุฒ ู‡ู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู†
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:15,340 --> 00:14:18,040
775
+ ููŠู‡ weakness ููŠู‡ู…ุณุชุฑู†ุบุฒ ุจุณ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง generic
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:18,040 --> 00:14:22,900
779
+ of atom ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ูˆูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ููŠ hyper extension if
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:22,900 --> 00:14:26,600
783
+ hamstring are weak two things may happen during
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:26,600 --> 00:14:30,540
787
+ sun phase the knee will go into excessive hyper
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:14:30,540 --> 00:14:36,050
791
+ extensionSometimes referred to as Genorequivate
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:14:36,050 --> 00:14:40,050
795
+ again ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ during the
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:14:40,050 --> 00:14:45,590
799
+ deceleration ุชุจุน ุงู„ swing phase ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู†
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:14:45,590 --> 00:14:49,450
803
+ ุงู„ู‡ู…ุณุชุฑู†ุฌ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุชุนู…ู„ slow down ู„ู„ swing ุจุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู†
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:14:49,450 --> 00:14:54,800
807
+ ุงู„ snapping ู…ู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุชุฑุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฎุจุทูƒุฏู‡
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:14:54,800 --> 00:15:00,100
811
+ ู„ู‚ุฏุงู… ูุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู† ุงู„ hamstring weak ู…ุด
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:00,100 --> 00:15:04,300
815
+ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ control ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ knee extension ูˆ ุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:04,300 --> 00:15:08,360
819
+ snapping ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:09,690 --> 00:15:14,450
823
+ weakness of the ankle dorsiflexors ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:15:14,450 --> 00:15:18,650
827
+ ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุนู† ุงู„ drop foot ุจุณ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ ankle
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:15:18,650 --> 00:15:23,130
831
+ dorsiflexors ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ stance phase ูˆ mainly
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:15:23,130 --> 00:15:26,350
835
+ ููŠ ุงู„ heel strike ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ heel strike ููŠ ูƒู„
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:15:26,350 --> 00:15:32,350
839
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ stance phase ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฏูˆุฑ ู„ู„
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:15:32,350 --> 00:15:37,330
843
+ ankle dorsiflexorsุทุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:15:37,330 --> 00:15:40,910
847
+ insufficient strength ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุถุนูŠูุฉ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:15:40,910 --> 00:15:46,410
851
+ ู„ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ enough ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠ ุงู„ control ุนู„ู‰
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:15:46,410 --> 00:15:51,790
855
+ ุงู„ .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ food .. ู†ุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ููŠ neutral
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:15:51,790 --> 00:15:55,690
859
+ positionIf there is insufficient strength to move
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:15:55,690 --> 00:15:58,570
863
+ the ankle into dorsiflexion at the beginning of
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:15:58,570 --> 00:16:02,970
867
+ stance phase, the foot will land fairly flat on
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:02,970 --> 00:16:03,370
871
+ the floor
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:13,110 --> 00:16:17,450
875
+ muscle of the .. of the ankle dorsiflexors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:17,450 --> 00:16:21,850
879
+ ุงู„ tibialis anterior ูู„ุฃ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจุงู„ foot ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:16:21,850 --> 00:16:26,370
883
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ankle dorsiflexors
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:16:26,370 --> 00:16:32,150
887
+ ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ toes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:16:32,150 --> 00:16:36,730
891
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ equinus ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ equinus gap ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู† ู…ุงููŠุด
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:16:36,730 --> 00:16:41,430
895
+ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุจ neutral position ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:16:41,430 --> 00:16:47,440
899
+ ุจุดูˆูŠู‡ slidedorsiflexion ู‡ูŠู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุจุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุฃุตุงุจุน
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:16:47,440 --> 00:16:51,840
903
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ูŠู†ุฒู„ ุจุงู„ู‡ูŠู„ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุจุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุฃุตุงุจุน
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:16:54,560 --> 00:17:00,700
907
+ weak ankle dorsiflexors may not be able to support
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:00,700 --> 00:17:04,820
911
+ the body weight ู…ุงุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุจุนุฏ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:04,820 --> 00:17:09,020
915
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู„ุณุชุฑุงูŠูƒ ูุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุจุชุฒู‚ู ุฒูŠ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:09,020 --> 00:17:12,960
919
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุจุชุฒู‚ู ุนู„ู‰
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:12,960 --> 00:17:19,430
923
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุจูŠุทุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุจู‡ุฐุงุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุงู„ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุง
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:19,430 --> 00:17:22,730
927
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ heel strike ูˆ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ุฃุฌุฑ ุนู„ู‰
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:17:22,730 --> 00:17:27,650
931
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง foot slap ุฃู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ swing
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:17:27,650 --> 00:17:33,890
935
+ fast ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุงู‡ูŠุจ ูู„ูŠูƒุดู† ูˆ ู†ูŠู‡
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:17:33,890 --> 00:17:37,650
939
+ ูู„ูŠูƒุดู† ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ankle dorsiflexion ุฃูˆ
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:17:37,650 --> 00:17:40,790
943
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ neutral position ุนุดุงู† ุชุฑุชูุน ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุนู†
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:17:40,790 --> 00:17:46,690
947
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูˆ ู…ุงุชุดุญุชุด ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุดุญุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตุงุจูŠุน
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:17:46,690 --> 00:17:51,580
951
+ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ูŠู† ู…ุงูŠุดุญุชูˆุด ู…ุนุงู†ุง ุดุญุช ุนู„ู‰ุงู„ุงุฑุถ ูุฅูŠุด ุจุชุถุทุฑ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:17:51,580 --> 00:17:56,220
955
+ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ hip ูˆ ุงู„ knee flexion ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:17:56,220 --> 00:18:00,780
959
+ ุจูŠุณู…ู‰ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุทู„ุน ุณู„ู…ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:18:00,780 --> 00:18:04,680
963
+ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุนู†ุฏู‡ drop foot ูˆ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:18:04,680 --> 00:18:09,480
967
+ ุงู„ .. ูˆ ูƒูŠู ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจstepage gate ู„ูŠุด ูŠุณู…ู‰
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:18:09,480 --> 00:18:12,980
971
+ stepage gate ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฑูุน ุฃุฌุฑู‡ ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠ ..
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:18:13,280 --> 00:18:18,340
975
+ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงูˆ ุจุฏูˆ ูŠุทู„ุน ุณู„ู‘ู…ุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ู„ู„
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:18:18,340 --> 00:18:23,720
979
+ triceps ุณุฑุงูŠ muscle ุงูˆ ุงู„ gasrocnemius ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:18:23,720 --> 00:18:27,220
983
+ calf muscle ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช weak ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:18:27,220 --> 00:18:31,920
987
+ ุงู„ push off ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ tooth off ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู†
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:18:31,920 --> 00:18:37,380
991
+ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู†ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ stance
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:18:37,380 --> 00:18:43,780
995
+ fast ุจุงู„ push off ูุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุจูŠู‚ุตุฑ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:18:43,780 --> 00:18:49,780
999
+ ุงู„ step ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ mid distance ููˆุฑุง ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑูˆุญ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:18:49,780 --> 00:18:54,660
1003
+ ุฑุงูุน ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ูุจุชู‚ุตุฑ ุงู„ step ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ unaffected
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:18:54,660 --> 00:18:57,740
1007
+ leg ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ step ุจุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:18:57,740 --> 00:19:03,340
1011
+ ู…ุงุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุฑูุน ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุจุฑุงุญุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:19:03,340 --> 00:19:07,720
1015
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ sore foot limb ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ pain ููŠ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:19:07,720 --> 00:19:12,370
1019
+ ุงู„ leg ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ machineูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:19:12,370 --> 00:19:15,470
1023
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุจุชูˆุฌุนู‡ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:19:15,470 --> 00:19:21,530
1027
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุทูˆุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ although this
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:19:21,530 --> 00:19:29,030
1031
+ skit is noticeable on level ground ุนุงุฏุฉ becomes
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:19:29,030 --> 00:19:33,910
1035
+ most pronounced ุจูŠุจูŠู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทุงู„ุน
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:19:33,910 --> 00:19:39,410
1039
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุทู„ุนุฉ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ tools off ุฃูˆ ุงู„
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:19:39,410 --> 00:19:45,130
1043
+ push offู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง waddling gait commonly
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:19:45,130 --> 00:19:49,350
1047
+ seen with muscular dystrophy ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ weakness ู„ู…ุง
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:19:49,350 --> 00:19:52,290
1051
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ุง general weakness ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณูƒูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑุทุฉ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:19:52,290 --> 00:19:57,150
1055
+ ุจุช ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงูˆ diffuse weakness of many muscle
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:19:57,150 --> 00:20:00,270
1059
+ group ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงู„ุฃุฏุง ู…ุด ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ waddling
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:20:00,270 --> 00:20:04,670
1063
+ gait ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง weakness ุฎุงุตุฉ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:20:04,670 --> 00:20:07,270
1067
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ myopathies ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฏุดู†
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:20:07,270 --> 00:20:13,280
1071
+ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ ู…ู† ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุชู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ person who stands
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:20:13,280 --> 00:20:17,040
1075
+ with the shoulder behind ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:20:17,040 --> 00:20:22,680
1079
+ bilateral gluteus maximus weakness ูˆ ุจูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูƒุฒ
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:20:22,680 --> 00:20:27,490
1083
+ ู…ุญู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ iliofemoral ligament of the hipูŠุนู†ูŠ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:20:27,490 --> 00:20:31,450
1087
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุงู‚ู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ heliofemoral ู„ุฌู…ุงู„ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:20:31,450 --> 00:20:35,050
1091
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… paraparesis ุจูŠู…ุดูˆู‡ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:20:35,050 --> 00:20:38,710
1095
+ there is increased lumbar lordosis ูˆุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:20:38,710 --> 00:20:41,590
1099
+ pelvic instability ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง bilateral
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:20:41,590 --> 00:20:46,230
1103
+ Trendelenburg sign ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุชูŠู† ููŠ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:20:46,230 --> 00:20:50,340
1107
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ูƒู…ุงู† weakness ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู…ูŠู„ ุนู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุจูŠู…ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:20:50,340 --> 00:20:55,460
1111
+ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ little or no reciprocal pelvis and trunk
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:20:55,460 --> 00:20:59,920
1115
+ rotation occur ููŠ ุงู„ swing face ูˆ swing leg
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:20:59,920 --> 00:21:05,970
1119
+ forward ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชู†ุดุงู„ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ุง ุญุฏุซ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:21:05,970 --> 00:21:10,030
1123
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุดูŠู„ ุฑุฌู„ูˆู‚ ูˆ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ุง ุญุฏุซ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:21:10,030 --> 00:21:16,750
1127
+ swinging forward ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ right
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:21:16,750 --> 00:21:21,530
1131
+ swings forward ุงู„ right arm ุจุชู…ุดูŠ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:21:22,430 --> 00:21:26,970
1135
+ ูู‰ ุงู„ normally ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ right arm ู…ุน left leg ูˆ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:21:26,970 --> 00:21:32,130
1139
+ left .. ูˆ left arm ู…ุน left leg ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฃ ุงู„
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:21:32,130 --> 00:21:36,990
1143
+ right arm ุจุชู…ุดูŠ .. ุจุชู†ุญุฏุซ ู…ุน ุงู„ .. ุงู„ right leg ูˆ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:21:36,990 --> 00:21:42,390
1147
+ ุงู„ left arm ู…ุน ุงู„ left leg and add this to the
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:21:42,390 --> 00:21:45,590
1151
+ axis of the trunk plane of Trendelenburg ุนู„ู‰
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:21:45,590 --> 00:21:49,470
1155
+ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ู„ู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง bilaterally ุงู„
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:21:49,470 --> 00:21:58,340
1159
+ gate bilaterallyุงู„ูˆุงุฏู„ูŠู†ุฌ ุฌูŠุช ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:21:58,340 --> 00:22:02,240
1163
+ ูˆุงุถุญ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง stepage .. stepage
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:22:02,240 --> 00:22:06,640
1167
+ ุฌุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูˆู ูˆุงุฏู„ูŠู†ุฌ ุฌุงุช ูˆ stepage .. ุงู„ูˆุงุฏู„ูŠู†ุฌ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:22:06,640 --> 00:22:08,700
1171
+ ุฌุงุช ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง bilateral, tendinum,
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:22:08,760 --> 00:22:12,560
1175
+ dendroxide ูˆ stepage ุฌุงุช ูˆููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ reciprocal
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:22:12,560 --> 00:22:16,510
1179
+ R movement ู…ุน ุงู„ lower .. ู…ุน ุงู„ lower limbูˆ ููŠ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:22:16,510 --> 00:22:19,710
1183
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง excess of the trunk ู„ูˆุฑุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญู„ูˆู ุนู„ู‰
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:22:19,710 --> 00:22:23,170
1187
+ ุงู„ุจุณุชูŠุฑูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง lordosis ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง instability
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:22:23,170 --> 00:22:26,630
1191
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ููŠ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:22:26,630 --> 00:22:31,610
1195
+ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุชู†ุง ู„ู„ bio mechanics ู‡ู†ุฒู„ู„ูƒู… ูŠุง ููŠุฏูŠูˆ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:22:31,610 --> 00:22:35,980
1199
+ ุฑุงุฆุน ุงู†ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุฎุชู… ููŠู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ bio mechanic ูˆ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:22:35,980 --> 00:22:40,080
1203
+ ุจูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุญุชูุงู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุชู†ุง ูˆ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:22:40,080 --> 00:22:44,120
1207
+ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูˆ ุฌุงู‡ูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:22:44,120 --> 00:22:49,340
1211
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง fun ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง .. ููŠู‡ุง
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:22:49,340 --> 00:22:52,880
1215
+ ุนู„ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฑุงุฆุน ุงู†ุง ุจุตุฑุงุญุฉ ุจุญุจ ุงู„ bio mechanic
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:22:52,880 --> 00:22:59,940
1219
+ ูˆ ุจุญุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุจ ุงู„ bio mechanic ูƒู…ุงู† ุทูŠุจ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:22:59,940 --> 00:23:01,860
1223
+ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:23:11,610 --> 00:23:12,490
1227
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุงุช
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:23:39,320 --> 00:23:42,400
1231
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† typical ูˆุงุฏู„ูŠู†ุฌุงุช
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:24:36,510 --> 00:24:40,950
1235
+ ูˆุจู‡ูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ูˆุตู„ู‡ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู† ุดุงุก
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:24:40,950 --> 00:24:44,750
1239
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:24:44,750 --> 00:24:47,330
1243
+ limitation of a joint
1244
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/K0Itx2h-rz8_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1248 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:02,940
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:02,940 --> 00:00:07,180
7
+ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆุนู„ูŠ ุฃู„ูŠ ูˆุตุญุงุจูŠ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:07,180 --> 00:00:11,400
11
+ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุชุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ gate ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ abnormal gate
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:11,400 --> 00:00:15,620
15
+ patterns ูˆ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง deviation ููŠ
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:15,620 --> 00:00:21,380
19
+ ุงู„ gate ูˆ ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง limpingุฃุนุฏุงุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:21,380 --> 00:00:28,420
23
+ ูˆู…ุดุงูƒู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุตูŠุจ ุงู„ gate ุงูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุฃุซุฑ
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:28,420 --> 00:00:32,140
27
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ gate ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุฑุงูˆุญ ู…ู† ankle sprain ู„
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:32,140 --> 00:00:36,140
31
+ stroke ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† very mild ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:36,140 --> 00:00:41,840
35
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุดูƒุชู†ุง ุฏุจูˆุณ ู…ุตู…ุงุฑ ุฒุงุฒุง ุฌุฑุญุชู†ุง ุจุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ุงูˆ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:41,840 --> 00:00:45,020
39
+ ูˆุฌุน ููŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ ..
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:51,590 --> 00:00:56,470
43
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุดูŠ permanent ูˆ ุตุนุจ ุฒูˆุงู„ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:56,470 --> 00:01:02,430
47
+ ุตุงุจ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจุงู„ stroke ุงูˆ ุจุงู„ hemiplegia ุงูˆ ุงู„ TBI
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:02,430 --> 00:01:06,530
51
+ ุงูˆ whatever ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠ neurological deficiency ู…ู…ูƒู†
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:07,480 --> 00:01:13,020
55
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ gate ุนู†ุฏู†ุง great variation depending
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:13,020 --> 00:01:16,060
59
+ upon the severity of the problem ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ุชูุชู„ู
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:16,060 --> 00:01:20,660
63
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุนุฑุถ ู…ู†ู‡ุง .. ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:20,660 --> 00:01:25,420
67
+ ูˆ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุชุนุฑุถู„ู‡ุง
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:25,420 --> 00:01:28,080
71
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ุตุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุฑุถู„ู‡ุง ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:28,080 --> 00:01:33,970
75
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ limbas with all causes of abnormal
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:33,970 --> 00:01:37,470
79
+ motion severity or degree of involvement will
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:37,470 --> 00:01:42,170
83
+ always result in range of variations ู…ู† minor ones
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:42,170 --> 00:01:47,360
87
+ ู„ major ones ุนุงุฏุฉthere are many methods of
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:47,360 --> 00:01:52,160
91
+ classification of abnormal gait ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ุซู„ ู…ู†
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:52,160 --> 00:01:56,680
95
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุตูŠุจ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ general
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:56,680 --> 00:02:00,840
99
+ causes ู‡ู†ุฑูˆุญ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ general causes of
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:00,840 --> 00:02:06,540
103
+ abnormal gaitุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง muscular
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:06,540 --> 00:02:10,080
107
+ weakness ุฃูˆ paralysis ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง joint ุฃูˆ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:10,080 --> 00:02:13,600
111
+ muscle range of motion limitation ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:13,600 --> 00:02:17,880
115
+ neurological involvement ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง pain ุฃูˆ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:17,880 --> 00:02:22,370
119
+ leg .. leg length discurpancyู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ major
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:22,370 --> 00:02:26,330
123
+ problems ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ get
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:26,330 --> 00:02:29,570
127
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ amputation ูƒู…ุงู† ุณุจุจ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ artificial
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:29,570 --> 00:02:34,210
131
+ limbs ุงู„ .. ุงู„ calfos ูˆ ุงู„ aphos ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู‡ุฐู‡
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:34,210 --> 00:02:37,810
135
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุฃุฎุฏู‡ุง ู…ู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู…ู‡ุง ู…ู†
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:37,810 --> 00:02:42,370
139
+ ุฃุฏูˆุงุช ู…ุซู„ุง ุฏู‡ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ get ุทุจุนุงู†ุฑูˆุญ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:42,370 --> 00:02:45,630
143
+ ู„ู„ muscular ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:45,630 --> 00:02:49,810
147
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ muscular weakness ุฃูˆ paralysis ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ุง
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:49,810 --> 00:02:53,290
151
+ ู†ูู‡ู… ุดุบู„ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง muscle weakness
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:53,290 --> 00:02:57,950
155
+ ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุชุตุฑู ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุนูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ weakness ูˆ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:57,950 --> 00:03:01,350
159
+ ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ torque ุงูˆ ุนุฒู… ุงู„ุงุฒุฏูˆุงุฌ ุงู„ู…ุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:01,350 --> 00:03:05,630
163
+ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ูˆ ูŠุนู…ู„ูŠ ูŠุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ movement
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:05,630 --> 00:03:09,610
167
+ ูุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง weakness ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจูŠุนู…ู„
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:09,610 --> 00:03:13,280
171
+ shifting ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ weak sideูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูˆุฏ ุงู„ center of
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:13,280 --> 00:03:18,460
175
+ gravity ุฏุงุฆู…ุง towards the weak side depending upon
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:18,460 --> 00:03:21,920
179
+ the cause or severity of muscle weakness can range
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:21,920 --> 00:03:25,560
183
+ from slight weakness to complete paralysis ุทุจุนุง
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:26,870 --> 00:03:29,930
187
+ ูŠุฎุชู„ู ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ severity ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ muscle
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:29,930 --> 00:03:32,810
191
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช weak ุฅุฐุง completely paralyzed ุจุฎุชู„ู ุงู„
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:32,810 --> 00:03:36,470
195
+ limbing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุนุฑุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:36,470 --> 00:03:40,410
199
+ ุงู„ lower limb ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ generally with muscle
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:40,410 --> 00:03:43,630
203
+ weakness the body tends to compensate by shifting
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:43,630 --> 00:03:47,270
207
+ the center of gravity over or towards the part
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:47,270 --> 00:03:49,670
211
+ that is involved ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูŠ
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:49,670 --> 00:03:53,530
215
+ gluteus maximus ู…ุซู„ุง weakness ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุงู„
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:53,530 --> 00:03:57,030
219
+ center of gravityููˆู‚ ุงู„ gluteus maxim ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:03:57,030 --> 00:04:00,670
223
+ gluteus medius ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ gluteus medius ุงู„
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:00,670 --> 00:04:04,530
227
+ weak ุฅุฐุง ุนู†ุฏูƒ quadriceps ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:04,530 --> 00:04:08,010
231
+ lean forward ูŠู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุญุท ุงู„ center of
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:08,010 --> 00:04:11,770
235
+ gravity ููˆู‚ ุงู„ weak side ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ torque ู…ู†
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:11,770 --> 00:04:14,790
239
+ ุนุฒู… ุงู„ุฅุฒุฏูˆุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃูˆ ุฏุฑุงุนูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:14,790 --> 00:04:25,750
243
+ ู…ุคุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉุจุณูŠูƒุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุณู„
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:25,750 --> 00:04:31,990
247
+ ุงู„ู…ุทู„ูˆุจ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุชุนู…ู„ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:31,990 --> 00:04:36,140
251
+ movement during a gameObviously, the portion of
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:36,140 --> 00:04:39,040
255
+ the gait cycle affected with the portion in which
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:39,040 --> 00:04:42,640
259
+ the muscle or joint have major role ุทุจุนุง ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:42,640 --> 00:04:47,300
263
+ ู†ุดูˆู ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุฃูƒู… ู…ู† ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ู… ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:47,300 --> 00:04:50,360
267
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ major muscles ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง contributing
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:50,360 --> 00:04:54,160
271
+ during the gait cycle ุฒูŠ ุงู„ gluteus maximus ูˆ ุงู„
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:54,160 --> 00:04:58,020
275
+ gluteus medius ูˆ ุงู„ quadriceps ูˆ ุงู„ hamstrings ูˆ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:58,020 --> 00:05:00,860
279
+ ุงู„ ankle dorsiflexors ูˆ ุงู„ triceps and triceps
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:00,860 --> 00:05:07,020
283
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุด ู…ุตู…ู„ุฉ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ูƒู„ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆู„ู…ุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:07,020 --> 00:05:12,200
287
+ ุงู„ rock horse gate ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู†ูƒูˆู† ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:12,200 --> 00:05:15,300
291
+ weakness of the gluteus maximus ุณู…ูŠู‡ gluteus
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:15,300 --> 00:05:19,520
295
+ maximus gate ุทุจุนุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจู†ูƒูˆู†ุด
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:19,520 --> 00:05:23,420
299
+ ุฑุงุฌุนูŠู† ุธุงู‡ุฑู†ุง ู„ูˆุฑุง ู…ุญุชุงุฌุด ุงู†ู‡ ู†ูˆุฏ ุงู„ center of the
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:23,420 --> 00:05:27,100
303
+ gravity ุชุจุนู†ุง ู„ูˆุฑุง ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุถุทุฑูŠู† ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:27,100 --> 00:05:30,360
307
+ ุงู„ gluteus maximus ุถุนูŠูุฉ ูุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงูˆุฏูŠ ุงู„ center
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:30,360 --> 00:05:34,030
311
+ of the gravity ุงูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุงูˆุฏูŠ ุงู„ weightูˆูˆุฑุง ุงู„
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:34,030 --> 00:05:38,630
315
+ gluteus maximus ุนุณู‰ ุณุฃู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ turn ู‡ู†ุง this will
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:38,630 --> 00:05:41,570
319
+ shift the body posteriorly over the gluteus
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:41,570 --> 00:05:45,050
323
+ maximus movement moving in a line of force
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:45,050 --> 00:05:48,950
327
+ posterior to the hip ุจู†ูˆุฏูŠ ุงู„ line of force ุจุฏู‡
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:05:48,950 --> 00:05:52,830
331
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ูˆุฑุง ุงู„ hip ุงู„ with the foot in contact with
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:05:52,830 --> 00:05:56,910
335
+ the floor ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† requires ู„ุณู‡ strength
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:05:56,910 --> 00:05:59,910
339
+ to maintain the hip in extension during stance
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:05:59,910 --> 00:06:04,360
343
+ phaseุทุจุนุง this shifting ุจุชุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ rock horse ูŠุนู†ูŠ
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:04,360 --> 00:06:08,040
347
+ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ุงู„ุฎุดุจ ุงู„ู‡ุฒุงุฒ ูƒูŠู ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจู‡ุฒ ุจุฑูˆุญ
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:08,040 --> 00:06:11,700
351
+ ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆ ูˆุฑู‡ ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆ ูˆุฑู‡ ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆ ูˆุฑู‡ because of the
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:11,700 --> 00:06:16,720
355
+ extreme backward forward movement of the trunkูŠุนู†ูŠ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:16,720 --> 00:06:20,520
359
+ ุทูˆู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฑุฌุญ ุฏู‡ุฑู‡ ู„ูˆุฑุงู‡ ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ูŠุง
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:20,520 --> 00:06:23,740
363
+ ุตุจุงูŠุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ movement ุงู„ up-normal ุฌุงุชู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ุญุชู‰ ุงู„
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:23,740 --> 00:06:28,000
367
+ normal ุฌุงุช ุงู†ุง ู‡ู†ุฒู„ูƒู…ูŠุง ููŠ ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ ู‡ุญุทู‡ุง ุงู†
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:28,000 --> 00:06:31,240
371
+ ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ model ุนุดุงู† ุชุชุนุฑููˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ normal
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:31,240 --> 00:06:35,960
375
+ ุฌุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ up-normal ุฌุงุช ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุดุฑุญู‡ุง ุดุฑูŠุญุฉ ู„ูƒู†
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:35,960 --> 00:06:39,920
379
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุถุญุฉ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชู†ุญุท ุนู„ูŠ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:06:39,920 --> 00:06:43,880
383
+ ุงู„ model ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุงู†ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:06:43,880 --> 00:06:48,240
387
+ powerpoint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุนู…ู„ูƒู… ู‡ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูุชุญ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ video
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:06:48,240 --> 00:06:52,040
391
+ ุจุณ ูŠุง ุงุจู†ู‡ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุนุฑุถ ู…ุง .. ู…ุด ู‡ูŠุธุจุท ู…ุนู†ุงู‡
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:06:52,040 --> 00:06:57,800
395
+ ุงู†ุง ุจุฏูŠ ุงุญุงูˆู„ ุงู†ูŠ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:06:57,800 --> 00:07:05,180
399
+ ุง .. ุงุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงุญุงูˆู„ ุงูุชุญ ุงู„ video ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:05,180 --> 00:07:06,040
403
+ ูŠุง ุฑุจ ูŠุธุจุท
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:22,970 --> 00:07:27,350
407
+ Gluteus Maximus Gate.During mid stance, the
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:27,350 --> 00:07:31,070
411
+ itsilateral hip must be maintained in extension or
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:31,070 --> 00:07:34,250
415
+ the trunk would collapse forward.If there is
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:34,250 --> 00:07:37,230
419
+ weakness of the Gluteus Maximus muscle, the
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:37,230 --> 00:07:39,730
423
+ patient is required to thrust the trunk
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:39,730 --> 00:07:43,510
427
+ posteriorly resulting in an extensor lurch or
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:07:43,510 --> 00:07:45,010
431
+ Gluteus Maximus Gate.
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:07:56,990 --> 00:08:03,730
435
+ ุทุจุนุง ุจู†ุฑุฌุน ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ุงู„ powerpoint ู„ู†ู‚ุฑุฃ
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:07,920 --> 00:08:13,120
439
+ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ gluteus medius ุฌูŠุช ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจุฏูŠุฑูˆุญ over the
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:13,120 --> 00:08:16,180
443
+ affected side during the stance ุจูŠุฒ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:16,180 --> 00:08:21,260
447
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ gluteus medius ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ left side
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:21,260 --> 00:08:26,440
451
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ weak ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ูุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจุฏุฑูˆุญ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:26,440 --> 00:08:31,120
455
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ figure ุงู„ left gluteus
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:31,120 --> 00:08:34,580
459
+ medius is weak causing two things to happen ุฃูˆู„
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:34,580 --> 00:08:38,890
463
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ุจุถู„ูŠู† over the left legduring stance phase
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:38,890 --> 00:08:44,310
467
+ of the left leg ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ right side of the pelvic
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:44,310 --> 00:08:47,770
471
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠู†ุฒู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู†ุง drop ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:47,770 --> 00:08:50,610
475
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ get terminal ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:50,610 --> 00:08:55,130
479
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ trended in bergetูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:55,130 --> 00:08:57,970
483
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง drop when the right leg leaves the ground
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:08:57,970 --> 00:09:03,350
487
+ and begin swing fast ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ hip
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:03,350 --> 00:09:07,950
491
+ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ู„ุชุญุช ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:07,950 --> 00:09:12,690
495
+ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ do not confuse this with normal amount of
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:12,690 --> 00:09:14,810
499
+ dipping ุทุจุนุง ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ get
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:14,810 --> 00:09:17,510
503
+ determinant ู‡ูŠ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ุจุณ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง drop
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:17,510 --> 00:09:23,470
507
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุฏุฎู„ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ abnormal gain ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ู…ุน
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:23,470 --> 00:09:28,690
511
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠูุชุญ abductor lurch or
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:28,690 --> 00:09:33,210
515
+ gluteus medius skate during mid stance the
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:33,210 --> 00:09:35,650
519
+ abductor muscles about the hip on the weight
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:35,650 --> 00:09:38,850
523
+ bearing side must contract to prevent the opposite
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:09:38,850 --> 00:09:42,530
527
+ pelvis from tilting down excessively this
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:09:42,530 --> 00:09:45,830
531
+ increases the pressure across the hip joint to
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:09:45,830 --> 00:09:49,580
535
+ more than that of just body weightูˆูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠู†ุชุฌ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:09:49,580 --> 00:09:54,800
539
+ ุตุนูˆุจุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ููŠ ูˆุฌู‡ุฉ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆุทูŠู†ูŠุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุท ูƒุฃู†
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:09:54,800 --> 00:09:58,740
543
+ ูƒูˆู…ุจูˆุณ ูƒุงู† ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุญุณูŠู† ุทููˆู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุชู‡ุŒ ูŠู…ูƒู†
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:09:58,740 --> 00:10:03,820
547
+ ุฃู† ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ุฃุญุฏู‡ู… ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆุท ูˆูŠุญุณู†
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:03,820 --> 00:10:08,940
551
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุฌุณุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ุญุฌู… ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจูˆุทุŒ ุจุฐู„ูƒ ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู†
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:08,940 --> 00:10:13,100
555
+ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ู„ุชุญุณูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ูˆุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ูƒุงู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:13,100 --> 00:10:18,520
559
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุจุทู‡ุฐุง ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุงู„ุนู„ูˆูŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 1
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:18,520 --> 00:10:23,220
563
+ ุฅู†ุด ูˆูŠุนุฑู ูƒู€ Abductor Lurch ุงูˆ Gluteus Medius Gap
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:23,220 --> 00:10:26,420
567
+ ุฎุณุงุฑุฉ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:26,420 --> 00:10:30,700
571
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ Gluteus Medius ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ููŠ ุงู„ููˆู„ูŠูˆ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:30,700 --> 00:10:32,120
575
+ ุฃูˆ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:10:32,120 --> 00:10:32,700
579
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:10:32,700 --> 00:10:34,340
583
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุน๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:10:34,340 --> 00:10:37,560
587
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:10:37,560 --> 00:10:37,820
591
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:10:37,820 --> 00:10:37,820
595
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:10:37,820 --> 00:10:43,280
599
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:10:43,800 --> 00:10:49,820
603
+ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูุชุงุญ ุชุฑู†ุฏุงู„ูŠู†ุจูˆุฑุช ุจุฏู„ุง
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:10:49,820 --> 00:10:53,040
607
+ ู…ู† ุชุฑู‚ุจ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุฏุฑุงู†
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:10:53,040 --> 00:10:57,860
611
+ ููŠ ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ููŠ ู…ูุชุงุญ ุชุฑู†ุฏุงู„ูŠู†ุจูˆุฑุช ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูŠุณู…ุญ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:10:57,860 --> 00:11:01,680
615
+ ุจุฌู„ุฏ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุนูƒุณูŠ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ู…ุชุณู„ุณู„
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:01,680 --> 00:11:07,180
619
+ ู„ู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ ุจุดูƒู„ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุชุญุช ุงู„ู‡ูˆุฑุฒุงู†ุชุงู„ ูŠุฌุนู„ู‡ ูŠุฑูุน ุฅู„ู‰
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:07,180 --> 00:11:09,180
623
+ ู…ูุชุงุญ ุชุฑู†ุฏุงู„ูŠู†ุจูˆุฑุช
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:25,670 --> 00:11:29,070
627
+ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ุทุจุนุง ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง weakness ููŠ ุงู„
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:29,070 --> 00:11:33,510
631
+ quadriceps muscle ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง different compensatory
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:33,510 --> 00:11:38,030
635
+ mechanism depending upon whether only quadriceps
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:38,030 --> 00:11:42,110
639
+ are weak ูˆ ู„ุง if ุฃู†ู‡ูŠ weakness ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ extremity
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:11:42,110 --> 00:11:47,510
643
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุชุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ูŠ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:11:47,510 --> 00:11:50,950
647
+ quadriceps ููƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุดูˆููˆุง
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:11:50,950 --> 00:11:54,450
651
+ ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… polyomyelitis ู„ู…ุง
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:11:54,450 --> 00:11:58,330
655
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุงุดูŠ ุจูŠุดูŠ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ูˆ ุจุญุท ุงูŠุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑูƒุจุชู‡
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:11:58,330 --> 00:12:02,150
659
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆ ุฏูŠ quadriceps weakness ู„ุงู†ุฏููŠุฏูŠูˆู‡ุงู„ ู…ุงูŠู„ูŠู†
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:02,450 --> 00:12:06,230
663
+ The body forward over the quadriceps muscle at the
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:06,230 --> 00:12:09,950
667
+ early part of stance phase ู‡ุฏุง ุงู„ weight ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:09,950 --> 00:12:14,450
671
+ shifted on the stance leg ุงู„ weight ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:14,450 --> 00:12:20,430
675
+ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ stance phase
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:20,430 --> 00:12:24,290
679
+ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ center of gravity ู‚ุฏุงู… ูˆ ูŠุธู„ ู…ุญุงูุธ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:24,290 --> 00:12:27,690
683
+ ุนู„ู‰ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุจูŠุถู„ ุงู„ center of gravity ูˆุฑุง ู‡ู†ุง
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:27,690 --> 00:12:32,650
687
+ ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ club ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู†ุชู†ูŠ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:32,650 --> 00:12:36,050
691
+ buckling ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู†ุชู†ูŠ ุชุญุชู‡ ูู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฌูŠุจ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:12:36,050 --> 00:12:40,290
695
+ ุงู„ center of gravity ู‚ุฏุงู… ุนุดุงู† ูŠุถู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ leg ู‡ู†ุง ุจ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:12:40,290 --> 00:12:44,580
699
+ extensionNormally at this time, the line of force
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:12:44,580 --> 00:12:47,940
703
+ falls behind the knee. Required quadriceps action
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:12:47,940 --> 00:12:51,220
707
+ to keep the knee from buckling.ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ buckling ุฅู†ู‡
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:12:51,220 --> 00:12:56,020
711
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู‚ุฑูุตุงุก ุฃูˆ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชุงู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑู‚ุจุฉ By
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:12:56,020 --> 00:13:00,080
715
+ leaning forward of the hip, center of gravity,
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:00,600 --> 00:13:05,110
719
+ shift forward ุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ line of forceู„ูˆ ู‚ุฏุงู… in
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:05,110 --> 00:13:08,310
723
+ front of the knee this will force the knee
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:08,310 --> 00:13:12,350
727
+ backward into extension ุทุจุนุง in addition the
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:12,350 --> 00:13:16,870
731
+ person may physically push on the anterior thigh
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:16,870 --> 00:13:19,430
735
+ during stance with holding the knee in extension
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:19,430 --> 00:13:23,410
739
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฑูƒุฒู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฎุจุท ุงูŠุฏู‡ ูƒุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ููˆู‚
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:13:23,410 --> 00:13:27,990
743
+ ุงู„ู†ูŠู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ู†ูŠู‡ ุชุธู„ ู‡ุงุฆุจ extension ุจูุฑุฏ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:13:27,990 --> 00:13:30,410
747
+ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:13:38,010 --> 00:13:41,510
751
+ Quadriceps weakness. At the time of heel strike,
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:13:41,870 --> 00:13:45,370
755
+ the knee is normally in full extension. If there
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:13:45,370 --> 00:13:48,070
759
+ is quadriceps weakness, thus not allowing the
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:13:48,070 --> 00:13:51,130
763
+ patient to maintain knee extension, the patient
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:13:51,130 --> 00:13:53,910
767
+ may attempt to push on the thigh in order to
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:13:53,910 --> 00:13:55,610
771
+ extend and lock the knee
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:12,360 --> 00:14:15,340
775
+ ุงู„ู‡ู…ุณุชุฑู†ุบุฒ ุงู„ู‡ู…ุณุชุฑู†ุบุฒ ู‡ู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู†
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:15,340 --> 00:14:18,040
779
+ ููŠู‡ weakness ููŠู‡ู…ุณุชุฑู†ุบุฒ ุจุณ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง generic
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:18,040 --> 00:14:22,900
783
+ of atom ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ูˆูƒุงู†ู‡ุง ููŠ hyper extension if
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:22,900 --> 00:14:26,600
787
+ hamstring are weak two things may happen during
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:14:26,600 --> 00:14:30,540
791
+ sun phase the knee will go into excessive hyper
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:14:30,540 --> 00:14:36,050
795
+ extensionSometimes referred to as Genorequivate
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:14:36,050 --> 00:14:40,050
799
+ again ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ during the
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:14:40,050 --> 00:14:45,590
803
+ deceleration ุชุจุน ุงู„ swing phase ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู†
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:14:45,590 --> 00:14:49,450
807
+ ุงู„ู‡ู…ุณุชุฑู†ุฌ ุงู„ู…ูุฑูˆุถ ุชุนู…ู„ slow down ู„ู„ swing ุจุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู†
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:14:49,450 --> 00:14:54,800
811
+ ุงู„ snapping ู…ู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุชุฑุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฎุจุทูƒุฏู‡
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:14:54,800 --> 00:15:00,100
815
+ ู„ู‚ุฏุงู… ูุฅูŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู† ุงู„ hamstring weak ู…ุด
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:00,100 --> 00:15:04,300
819
+ ู‚ุงุฏุฑุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ control ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ knee extension ูˆ ุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:04,300 --> 00:15:08,360
823
+ snapping ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:15:09,690 --> 00:15:14,450
827
+ weakness of the ankle dorsiflexors ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:15:14,450 --> 00:15:18,650
831
+ ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุนู† ุงู„ drop foot ุจุณ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ ankle
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:15:18,650 --> 00:15:23,130
835
+ dorsiflexors ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ stance phase ูˆ mainly
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:15:23,130 --> 00:15:26,350
839
+ ููŠ ุงู„ heel strike ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุงู„ heel strike ููŠ ูƒู„
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:15:26,350 --> 00:15:32,350
843
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงู„ stance phase ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุฏูˆุฑ ู„ู„
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:15:32,350 --> 00:15:37,330
847
+ ankle dorsiflexorsุทุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:15:37,330 --> 00:15:40,910
851
+ insufficient strength ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุงู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุถุนูŠูุฉ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:15:40,910 --> 00:15:46,410
855
+ ู„ูƒู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ enough ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ูŠ ุงู„ control ุนู„ู‰
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:15:46,410 --> 00:15:51,790
859
+ ุงู„ .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ food .. ู†ุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูƒู„ ููŠ neutral
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:15:51,790 --> 00:15:55,690
863
+ positionIf there is insufficient strength to move
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:15:55,690 --> 00:15:58,570
867
+ the ankle into dorsiflexion at the beginning of
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:15:58,570 --> 00:16:02,970
871
+ stance phase, the foot will land fairly flat on
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:02,970 --> 00:16:03,370
875
+ the floor
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:13,110 --> 00:16:17,450
879
+ muscle of the .. of the ankle dorsiflexors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:16:17,450 --> 00:16:21,850
883
+ ุงู„ tibialis anterior ูู„ุฃ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจุงู„ foot ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:16:21,850 --> 00:16:26,370
887
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุด ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ankle dorsiflexors
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:16:26,370 --> 00:16:32,150
891
+ ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุจุงู„ toes ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:16:32,150 --> 00:16:36,730
895
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ equinus ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ equinus gap ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู† ู…ุงููŠุด
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:16:36,730 --> 00:16:41,430
899
+ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุจ neutral position ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:16:41,430 --> 00:16:47,440
903
+ ุจุดูˆูŠู‡ slidedorsiflexion ู‡ูŠู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุจุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุฃุตุงุจุน
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:16:47,440 --> 00:16:51,840
907
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ูŠู†ุฒู„ ุจุงู„ู‡ูŠู„ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุจุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ุฃุตุงุจุน
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:16:54,560 --> 00:17:00,700
911
+ weak ankle dorsiflexors may not be able to support
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:00,700 --> 00:17:04,820
915
+ the body weight ู…ุงุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุจุนุฏ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:04,820 --> 00:17:09,020
919
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠู„ุณุชุฑุงูŠูƒ ูุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุจุชุฒู‚ู ุฒูŠ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:09,020 --> 00:17:12,960
923
+ ู‡ูŠูƒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุจุชุฒู‚ู ุนู„ู‰
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:12,960 --> 00:17:19,430
927
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุจูŠุทุจ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุจู‡ุฐุงุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุงู„ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุง
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:17:19,430 --> 00:17:22,730
931
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ heel strike ูˆ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ุฃุฌุฑ ุนู„ู‰
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:17:22,730 --> 00:17:27,650
935
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูุจุณู…ูˆู‡ุง foot slap ุฃู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ swing
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:17:27,650 --> 00:17:33,890
939
+ fast ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุงู‡ูŠุจ ูู„ูŠูƒุดู† ูˆ ู†ูŠู‡
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:17:33,890 --> 00:17:37,650
943
+ ูู„ูŠูƒุดู† ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ankle dorsiflexion ุฃูˆ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:17:37,650 --> 00:17:40,790
947
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ neutral position ุนุดุงู† ุชุฑุชูุน ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุนู†
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:17:40,790 --> 00:17:46,690
951
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูˆ ู…ุงุชุดุญุชุด ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุดุญุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฃุตุงุจูŠุน
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:17:46,690 --> 00:17:51,580
955
+ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ูŠู† ู…ุงูŠุดุญุชูˆุด ู…ุนุงู†ุง ุดุญุช ุนู„ู‰ุงู„ุงุฑุถ ูุฅูŠุด ุจุชุถุทุฑ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:17:51,580 --> 00:17:56,220
959
+ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ hip ูˆ ุงู„ knee flexion ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:17:56,220 --> 00:18:00,780
963
+ ุจูŠุณู…ู‰ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุทู„ุน ุณู„ู…ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:18:00,780 --> 00:18:04,680
967
+ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุณู…ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุนู†ุฏู‡ drop foot ูˆ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:18:04,680 --> 00:18:09,480
971
+ ุงู„ .. ูˆ ูƒูŠู ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจstepage gate ู„ูŠุด ูŠุณู…ู‰
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:18:09,480 --> 00:18:12,980
975
+ stepage gate ู‡ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฑูุน ุฃุฌุฑู‡ ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠ ..
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:18:13,280 --> 00:18:18,340
979
+ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงูˆ ุจุฏูˆ ูŠุทู„ุน ุณู„ู‘ู…ุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ู„ู„
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:18:18,340 --> 00:18:23,720
983
+ triceps ุณุฑุงูŠ muscle ุงูˆ ุงู„ gasrocnemius ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:18:23,720 --> 00:18:27,220
987
+ calf muscle ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช weak ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:18:27,220 --> 00:18:31,920
991
+ ุงู„ push off ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ tooth off ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู†
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:18:31,920 --> 00:18:37,380
995
+ ููŠู‡ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุงุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠู†ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ stance
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:18:37,380 --> 00:18:43,780
999
+ fast ุจุงู„ push off ูุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุจูŠู‚ุตุฑ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:18:43,780 --> 00:18:49,780
1003
+ ุงู„ step ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ mid distance ููˆุฑุง ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑูˆุญ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:18:49,780 --> 00:18:54,660
1007
+ ุฑุงูุน ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ูุจุชู‚ุตุฑ ุงู„ step ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ unaffected
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:18:54,660 --> 00:18:57,740
1011
+ leg ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ ุงู„ step ุจุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:18:57,740 --> 00:19:03,340
1015
+ ู…ุงุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุฑูุน ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุจุฑุงุญุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุฉ ู‡ุฐุง
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:19:03,340 --> 00:19:07,720
1019
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ sore foot limb ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ pain ููŠ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:19:07,720 --> 00:19:12,370
1023
+ ุงู„ leg ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ machineูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:19:12,370 --> 00:19:15,470
1027
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุจุชูˆุฌุนู‡ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุจู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:19:15,470 --> 00:19:21,530
1031
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ู‚ุทูˆุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฌุงู„ ุงู„ุณู„ูŠู…ุฉ although this
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:19:21,530 --> 00:19:29,030
1035
+ skit is noticeable on level ground ุนุงุฏุฉ becomes
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:19:29,030 --> 00:19:33,910
1039
+ most pronounced ุจูŠุจูŠู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ุทุงู„ุน
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:19:33,910 --> 00:19:39,410
1043
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุทู„ุนุฉ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ tools off ุฃูˆ ุงู„
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:19:39,410 --> 00:19:45,130
1047
+ push offู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง waddling gait commonly
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:19:45,130 --> 00:19:49,350
1051
+ seen with muscular dystrophy ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ weakness ู„ู…ุง
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:19:49,350 --> 00:19:52,290
1055
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ุง general weakness ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณูƒูˆู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุฑุทุฉ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:19:52,290 --> 00:19:57,150
1059
+ ุจุช ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงูˆ diffuse weakness of many muscle
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:19:57,150 --> 00:20:00,270
1063
+ group ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุงู„ุฃุฏุง ู…ุด ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ waddling
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:20:00,270 --> 00:20:04,670
1067
+ gait ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง weakness ุฎุงุตุฉ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:20:04,670 --> 00:20:07,270
1071
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ myopathies ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฏุดู†
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:20:07,270 --> 00:20:13,280
1075
+ ูˆุบูŠุฑู‡ ู…ู† ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุชู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ person who stands
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:20:13,280 --> 00:20:17,040
1079
+ with the shoulder behind ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:20:17,040 --> 00:20:22,680
1083
+ bilateral gluteus maximus weakness ูˆ ุจูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูƒุฒ
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:20:22,680 --> 00:20:27,490
1087
+ ู…ุญู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ iliofemoral ligament of the hipูŠุนู†ูŠ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:20:27,490 --> 00:20:31,450
1091
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูˆุงู‚ู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ heliofemoral ู„ุฌู…ุงู„ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:20:31,450 --> 00:20:35,050
1095
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… paraparesis ุจูŠู…ุดูˆู‡ ุจู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:20:35,050 --> 00:20:38,710
1099
+ there is increased lumbar lordosis ูˆุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:20:38,710 --> 00:20:41,590
1103
+ pelvic instability ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง bilateral
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:20:41,590 --> 00:20:46,230
1107
+ Trendelenburg sign ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุชูŠู† ููŠ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:20:46,230 --> 00:20:50,340
1111
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ูƒู…ุงู† weakness ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู…ูŠู„ ุนู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุจูŠู…ูŠู„ ุนู„ู‰
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:20:50,340 --> 00:20:55,460
1115
+ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ little or no reciprocal pelvis and trunk
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:20:55,460 --> 00:20:59,920
1119
+ rotation occur ููŠ ุงู„ swing face ูˆ swing leg
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:20:59,920 --> 00:21:05,970
1123
+ forward ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชู†ุดุงู„ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ุง ุญุฏุซ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:21:05,970 --> 00:21:10,030
1127
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุดูŠู„ ุฑุฌู„ูˆู‚ ูˆ ุจูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠู‡ุง ุญุฏุซ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:21:10,030 --> 00:21:16,750
1131
+ swinging forward ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ right
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:21:16,750 --> 00:21:21,530
1135
+ swings forward ุงู„ right arm ุจุชู…ุดูŠ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:21:22,430 --> 00:21:26,970
1139
+ ูู‰ ุงู„ normally ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ right arm ู…ุน left leg ูˆ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:21:26,970 --> 00:21:32,130
1143
+ left .. ูˆ left arm ู…ุน left leg ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุฃ ุงู„
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:21:32,130 --> 00:21:36,990
1147
+ right arm ุจุชู…ุดูŠ .. ุจุชู†ุญุฏุซ ู…ุน ุงู„ .. ุงู„ right leg ูˆ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:21:36,990 --> 00:21:42,390
1151
+ ุงู„ left arm ู…ุน ุงู„ left leg and add this to the
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:21:42,390 --> 00:21:45,590
1155
+ axis of the trunk plane of Trendelenburg ุนู„ู‰
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:21:45,590 --> 00:21:49,470
1159
+ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ู„ู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง bilaterally ุงู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:21:49,470 --> 00:21:58,340
1163
+ gate bilaterallyุงู„ูˆุงุฏู„ูŠู†ุฌ ุฌูŠุช ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:21:58,340 --> 00:22:02,240
1167
+ ูˆุงุถุญ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง stepage .. stepage
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:22:02,240 --> 00:22:06,640
1171
+ ุฌุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดูˆู ูˆุงุฏู„ูŠู†ุฌ ุฌุงุช ูˆ stepage .. ุงู„ูˆุงุฏู„ูŠู†ุฌ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:22:06,640 --> 00:22:08,700
1175
+ ุฌุงุช ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง bilateral, tendinum,
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:22:08,760 --> 00:22:12,560
1179
+ dendroxide ูˆ stepage ุฌุงุช ูˆููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ reciprocal
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:22:12,560 --> 00:22:16,510
1183
+ R movement ู…ุน ุงู„ lower .. ู…ุน ุงู„ lower limbูˆ ููŠ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:22:16,510 --> 00:22:19,710
1187
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง excess of the trunk ู„ูˆุฑุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญู„ูˆู ุนู„ู‰
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:22:19,710 --> 00:22:23,170
1191
+ ุงู„ุจุณุชูŠุฑูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง lordosis ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง instability
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:22:23,170 --> 00:22:26,630
1195
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุฏูŠ ููŠ ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุถุญ ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:22:26,630 --> 00:22:31,610
1199
+ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุชู†ุง ู„ู„ bio mechanics ู‡ู†ุฒู„ู„ูƒู… ูŠุง ููŠุฏูŠูˆ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:22:31,610 --> 00:22:35,980
1203
+ ุฑุงุฆุน ุงู†ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุฎุชู… ููŠู‡ ูƒู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ bio mechanic ูˆ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:22:35,980 --> 00:22:40,080
1207
+ ุจูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุญุชูุงู„ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุชู†ุง ูˆ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:22:40,080 --> 00:22:44,120
1211
+ ูƒู†ุง ู†ุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชุนู„ูŠู… ูˆ ุฌุงู‡ูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:22:44,120 --> 00:22:49,340
1215
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง fun ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง .. ููŠู‡ุง
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:22:49,340 --> 00:22:52,880
1219
+ ุนู„ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฑุงุฆุน ุงู†ุง ุจุตุฑุงุญุฉ ุจุญุจ ุงู„ bio mechanic
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:22:52,880 --> 00:22:59,940
1223
+ ูˆ ุจุญุจ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุญุจ ุงู„ bio mechanic ูƒู…ุงู† ุทูŠุจ
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:22:59,940 --> 00:23:01,860
1227
+ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ููŠุฏูŠูˆ ู‡ุฐุง
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:23:11,610 --> 00:23:12,490
1231
+ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุงุช
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:23:39,320 --> 00:23:42,400
1235
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† typical ูˆุงุฏู„ูŠู†ุฌุงุช
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:24:36,510 --> 00:24:40,950
1239
+ ูˆุจู‡ูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ูˆุตู„ู‡ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู† ุดุงุก
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:24:40,950 --> 00:24:44,750
1243
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:24:44,750 --> 00:24:47,330
1247
+ limitation of a joint
1248
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/P6Duy9VIIYA_postprocess.srt ADDED
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:02,600 --> 00:00:08,580
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ุงุณุชูƒู…ุงู„ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:08,580 --> 00:00:16,000
7
+ ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ bio mechanics of muscles ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:16,000 --> 00:00:22,320
11
+ muscle variables ูˆ .. ูˆ ู†ุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:22,320 --> 00:00:25,580
15
+ different variables of the muscle ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ strength
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:25,580 --> 00:00:31,000
19
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ muscle length ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง two
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:31,000 --> 00:00:34,600
23
+ main type of muscle length ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ resting
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:34,600 --> 00:00:39,100
27
+ length ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ equilibrium length ุงู„ resting
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:39,100 --> 00:00:47,010
31
+ length ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ ..ุงู„ุนุฏู„ุฉ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:47,010 --> 00:00:51,270
35
+ length of an uncontracted and unstretched muscle
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:51,270 --> 00:00:56,830
39
+ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ without any contraction ูˆู„ุง
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:56,830 --> 00:01:01,470
43
+ stretching of the muscle ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ equilibrium length
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:01,470 --> 00:01:05,320
47
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชุฎูŠู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ isolated muscleู‡ูˆ ุงู„ length
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:05,320 --> 00:01:09,340
51
+ of an isolated muscle and contracted ู„ูˆ ุนุฒู„ู†ุง
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:09,340 --> 00:01:12,620
55
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดูŠู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฃุทุฑุงูู‡ุง ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ origin and
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:12,620 --> 00:01:19,290
59
+ ุงู„ insertion ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงุจุชุฃุซุฑุจุชู‚ุตุฑ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 10%
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:19,290 --> 00:01:26,570
63
+ ู…ู† ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ 30 cm ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชู‚ุตุฑ 3 cm
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:26,570 --> 00:01:29,810
67
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู„ูˆ ุดู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:29,810 --> 00:01:34,830
71
+ original ูˆ ุงู„ insertion ู…ุฌุฏูˆุฏุฉ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ูˆุถุน
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:34,830 --> 00:01:38,630
75
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ resting length ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ intact length
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:38,630 --> 00:01:44,790
79
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช of the non contracted and non
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:44,790 --> 00:01:48,830
83
+ stretchedmuscle ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ equilibrium ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ isolated
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:48,830 --> 00:01:53,090
87
+ muscle ุฃูˆ uncontracted muscle ู„ูˆ ุนุฒู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:53,090 --> 00:01:59,130
91
+ ูู‡ูŠ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ุจูŠู‚ุตุฑ ุจูŠุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠู‚ุตุฑ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:59,130 --> 00:02:04,990
95
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ variable ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:04,990 --> 00:02:10,410
99
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ forceof tension ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ tension ุจู†ูุถู„ู‡ุง
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:10,410 --> 00:02:14,850
103
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ contraction ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† contraction ูƒู†ุช
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:14,850 --> 00:02:19,770
107
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู†ุชุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุชู‚ุงุฑุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ a prefix ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:19,770 --> 00:02:24,990
111
+ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุชู‚ุงุฑุจุช ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุชูˆุตู„ุช ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุฃู…ุง ุงู„
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:24,990 --> 00:02:30,150
115
+ tension ูู‡ูŠ whether ูƒุงู† isometric ุฃูˆ concentric ุฃูˆ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:30,150 --> 00:02:34,450
119
+ eccentric contraction ููƒู„ู…ุฉ tension ุจุชุนุจุฑ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:34,450 --> 00:02:40,690
123
+ ู…ุนุจุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ tensionCan be applied to any type of
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:40,690 --> 00:02:44,350
127
+ tension developed regardless ofwhether ุงู„ muscle
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:44,350 --> 00:02:47,970
131
+ shortened or lengthened or remained the same
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:47,970 --> 00:02:52,050
135
+ length ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† concentric contraction, eccentric
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:52,050 --> 00:02:58,930
139
+ contraction or isometric contraction ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ force
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:58,930 --> 00:03:04,350
143
+ exerted by muscle is not only dependent upon ุงู„
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:04,350 --> 00:03:06,910
147
+ active process ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ active process ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:06,910 --> 00:03:14,080
151
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ contractile elementsุฃู…ุง ููŠ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:14,080 --> 00:03:18,840
155
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง passive tension ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ non contractile
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:18,840 --> 00:03:23,360
159
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ non contractile element ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ muscle
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:23,360 --> 00:03:28,520
163
+ ููŠู‡ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ connective ุฃูˆ some connective
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:28,520 --> 00:03:33,250
167
+ tissue ุงู„ non contractile element ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠุงู„ู€
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:33,250 --> 00:03:36,270
171
+ elastic band ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ู„ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:36,270 --> 00:03:40,950
175
+ ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:40,950 --> 00:03:44,930
179
+ cross bridge ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูƒุชูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠูˆุณูŠู† ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:44,930 --> 00:03:50,710
183
+ ุงู„ series ูˆูƒุงู†ุช parallel or series elastic
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:50,710 --> 00:03:55,130
187
+ components ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ุง non-contractile elements
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:55,490 --> 00:04:00,550
191
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ they behave as elastic band exert passive
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:00,550 --> 00:04:04,170
195
+ force which combines with the active contribution
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:04,170 --> 00:04:08,710
199
+ due cross bridging ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุณูŠู† and ุฃูƒุชูŠู†
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:08,710 --> 00:04:12,170
203
+ of the contractile elements in the muscle to
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:12,170 --> 00:04:15,900
207
+ produce the total force exerted by the muscleุทุจุนุง
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:15,900 --> 00:04:19,320
211
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู‡ู‰ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† force
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:19,320 --> 00:04:24,240
215
+ ุจุญุซุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุณุจุนุชู‡ุง ู„ู†ูŠูˆุชู† ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ู…ู†
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:24,240 --> 00:04:29,420
219
+ ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูุงุชุทุจ ุงู„ tension produced by the muscle
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:29,420 --> 00:04:32,300
223
+ contraction depends mechanically on the following
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:32,300 --> 00:04:37,460
227
+ factor ุงู„ muscle length ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:37,460 --> 00:04:42,060
231
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ contraction ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุทูˆู„
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:42,060 --> 00:04:46,480
235
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุณุงุนุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ contractionูุจูƒูˆู†
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:46,480 --> 00:04:50,820
239
+ ู‚ุฏุงุด ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง optimum link ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู…ุง
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:50,820 --> 00:04:54,240
243
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุฒู…ุงู† ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:54,240 --> 00:04:58,020
247
+ introduction ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุฃูุถู„ ุดุบู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:58,020 --> 00:05:02,350
251
+ intermediate course ุชุจุนู‡ุงู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ู…ู†ูŠุญ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:02,350 --> 00:05:06,290
255
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ length position ูˆ ู„ุง ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ู…ู†ูŠุญ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:06,290 --> 00:05:10,890
259
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ short position ุฃูุถู„ ูˆุถุน ุจุชุดุชุบู„
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:10,890 --> 00:05:15,450
263
+ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ development ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ tension
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:15,450 --> 00:05:21,430
267
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ optimum length ุจุนุช ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:21,430 --> 00:05:25,590
271
+ relation between length and tension ุจdescribe ู‡ู†ุง
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:25,590 --> 00:05:31,000
275
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุงุงู„ curve ูˆ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ curve ู‡ู†ุง
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:31,000 --> 00:05:36,080
279
+ ูƒุงู ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ length ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‚ุตุฑุช ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:36,080 --> 00:05:40,880
283
+ tension ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ development ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠุณุชู‚ุฑ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:40,880 --> 00:05:46,250
287
+ ุจูŠุนูˆุฏ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ active tension developed
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:46,250 --> 00:05:49,250
291
+ by ุงู„ contractile elements of the muscle ูˆู‡ุฐุง
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:49,250 --> 00:05:53,170
295
+ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุชูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุณูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ู… cross
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:53,170 --> 00:05:57,650
299
+ bridging ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ contraction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:57,650 --> 00:06:02,650
303
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุชุฏุงุฎู„ ุฎูŠูˆุท ุงู„ุฃูƒุชูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุณูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุชุจุนุฏู‡ุง ููŠ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:02,650 --> 00:06:06,760
307
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ eccentric contraction ูƒู…ุงู†ุทุจ ูˆู‚ุชุด ุจุตูŠุฑ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:06,760 --> 00:06:10,680
311
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง passive tension ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ muscle develop
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:10,680 --> 00:06:14,380
315
+ when the muscle is stretched beyond its restingุŒ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:14,380 --> 00:06:18,920
319
+ ุจุจุฏุฃ ุงู†ุดุฏู‡ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ resting position ูˆ ุงู„ non
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:18,920 --> 00:06:23,800
323
+ contractile muscle ุจู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ stretchุŒ ุทูŠุจ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:23,970 --> 00:06:27,350
327
+ When the muscle contract both the active and the
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:27,350 --> 00:06:30,610
331
+ passive tension ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ total tension
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:30,610 --> 00:06:34,930
335
+ exerted ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ contraction
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:34,930 --> 00:06:41,170
339
+ ู„ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ููŠ concentric ุงูˆ eccentric work
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:41,640 --> 00:06:47,520
343
+ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุชุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุฌุณุณ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุจูŠูˆู†ุฏ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:47,520 --> 00:06:53,280
347
+ ุงู„ุชุฌุณุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุงุณูŠู ุงู„ุชู†ุดู† ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ active tension
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:53,280 --> 00:06:58,280
351
+ ุจูŠู‚ู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ load ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ non
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:58,280 --> 00:07:03,500
355
+ contractile element ูุจุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ tension ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:03,500 --> 00:07:08,000
359
+ ุงู„ tension ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ active tension ูู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ู„ุงู„ู€
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:11,320
363
+ muscle can develop maximal tension at optimum
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:11,320 --> 00:07:15,380
367
+ length because the thin and thick filaments of the
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:15,380 --> 00:07:19,640
371
+ muscles are overlapped ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชุฏุงุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:19,640 --> 00:07:23,200
375
+ thin ูˆ ุงู„ thick filaments ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆุณูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูƒุชูŠู†
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:23,200 --> 00:07:29,010
379
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ maximum number of cross bridgingูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:29,010 --> 00:07:35,490
383
+ ูŠุชู… ุชูุนูŠู„ู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:35,490 --> 00:07:37,170
387
+ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:37,170 --> 00:07:37,470
391
+ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:37,470 --> 00:07:40,470
395
+ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:40,470 --> 00:07:47,280
399
+ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑless overlapping ู„ู€myosin
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:47,280 --> 00:07:50,520
403
+ ูˆุงู„ุฃูƒุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€thin and thick filaments of
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:50,520 --> 00:07:54,580
407
+ the muscle ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง less number ู…ู† ุงู„ cross
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:54,580 --> 00:08:02,320
411
+ bridging ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ myosin ูˆุงู„ุฃูƒุชูŠู† ุจูŠู‚ู„ ุทุจุนุง
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:04,310 --> 00:08:08,190
415
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฏู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ contractile elements ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูู‰
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:08,190 --> 00:08:15,230
419
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ู…ุงุจุชุจูŠู†ุด ูู‰
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:15,230 --> 00:08:19,730
423
+ ุงู„ mono-articular joint ูŠุนู†ู‰ most one joint muscle
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:19,730 --> 00:08:23,110
427
+ ุฃูˆ mono-articular muscle are not stretched enough
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:23,110 --> 00:08:27,450
431
+ for ุงู„ passive tension ุญุชู‰ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุจุฏุงู„ู‡ role ู‡ุฏู‰
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:27,450 --> 00:08:31,070
435
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูู‰ ุงู„ two joint muscle ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‰
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:31,070 --> 00:08:35,400
439
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ B-articular musclesู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:35,400 --> 00:08:41,840
443
+ two joints ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุทูˆู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:41,840 --> 00:08:46,020
447
+ ูƒู„ู†ุง ุฑูุนู†ุง ุฅูŠุฏู†ุง ุงู„ wrist ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ .. ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุฅูŠุฏู†ุง
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:46,020 --> 00:08:50,380
451
+ ุจุงู„ extension wrist extension ูุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ fingers
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:50,380 --> 00:08:56,120
455
+ ุชู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุชู†ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุจุฅูŠุฏู†ุง ุจ wrist
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:56,120 --> 00:09:00,540
459
+ flexion ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ fingers ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง extension ูˆ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:00,540 --> 00:09:04,060
463
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูˆุถุญ ู„ู†ุงุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ passive ูˆ ุงู„ู€ active
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:04,060 --> 00:09:10,680
467
+ tension ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง clinically the influence of pre
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:10,680 --> 00:09:14,400
471
+ contraction stretch can be achieved ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:14,400 --> 00:09:18,840
475
+ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุญุณูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:18,840 --> 00:09:22,660
479
+ ุจู†ุณุฑู‚ ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุฏุฑุณุชูˆุง ุงู„ BNF ุงุฐุง ุจุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ูƒู†ุง
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:22,660 --> 00:09:25,440
483
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจู†ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ contraction ุจู†ุนู…ู„ sudden
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:25,440 --> 00:09:29,680
487
+ stretch ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ muscle ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฃูˆูŠ ุงู„ contraction
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:29,680 --> 00:09:35,970
491
+ ูˆุทูˆู„ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุงููŠ course of movement ุจู†ุนู…ู„ stretching
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:35,970 --> 00:09:41,250
495
+ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูุจู†ุญูุธ ุงู„ energy ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ุง
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:41,250 --> 00:09:45,070
499
+ ุชุฒู‡ุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ clinically the influence of contraction
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:45,070 --> 00:09:49,370
503
+ stretch can be achieved by applying stretch before
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:49,370 --> 00:09:53,230
507
+ muscle ุชุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ stretch reflex ุงุญู†ุง contraction
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:53,230 --> 00:09:56,390
511
+ or by lengthening the muscle during the course of
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:56,390 --> 00:10:01,930
515
+ contractionIn this case, greater amount of tension
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:01,930 --> 00:10:05,670
519
+ can be generated from the non-contractile elements
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:05,670 --> 00:10:12,270
523
+ of the muscle ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ muscle perform more work
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:12,270 --> 00:10:15,710
527
+ when shortened immediately after being stretched
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:15,710 --> 00:10:18,410
531
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ concentric contraction ุจู†ุจู‚ู‰ ุดุฏูŠู†ุง
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:18,410 --> 00:10:22,990
535
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ contraction ูุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌู‡ุฏ ุนู„ู‰
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:22,990 --> 00:10:28,380
539
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑin the
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:28,380 --> 00:10:33,700
543
+ concentrically contracted state than ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุตุงุฑ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:33,700 --> 00:10:37,320
547
+ ุจุนุฏ shortening ู…ู† isometric contraction ูŠุนู†ูŠ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:37,320 --> 00:10:40,540
551
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุงู† ุงู„ biceps ุจุชุนู…ู„
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:40,540 --> 00:10:43,240
555
+ affliction ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ affliction against
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:43,240 --> 00:10:49,360
559
+ resistance ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ biceps ูุงุญู†ุงู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:49,360 --> 00:10:53,280
563
+ .. ุงู„ concentric work ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† stretch hand ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู†
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:53,280 --> 00:10:57,400
567
+ full extension ู„ู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง stretch ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:57,400 --> 00:11:01,880
571
+ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠู„ุง go ุงุนู…ู„ ุงู„ concentric contraction
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:01,880 --> 00:11:04,860
575
+ ุจู†ุญุณ ุญุงู„ู†ุง ุงู„ contraction ุงู„ู„ู‰ developed ุฃูˆ ุงู„
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:04,860 --> 00:11:09,600
579
+ tension ุงู„ู„ู‰ developedุฃูƒุชุฑ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุนุถู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ูƒู…ุงู†
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:09,600 --> 00:11:12,760
583
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† isometric
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:12,760 --> 00:11:16,800
587
+ contraction ูˆ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู†ุต ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู…ุซู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:16,800 --> 00:11:22,460
591
+ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ this is accounted for
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:23,640 --> 00:11:26,860
595
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:26,860 --> 00:11:32,240
599
+ ุงู„ุฅู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:32,240 --> 00:11:35,200
603
+ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:35,200 --> 00:11:36,040
607
+ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:36,040 --> 00:11:36,920
611
+ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:36,920 --> 00:11:37,260
615
+ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:37,260 --> 00:11:38,640
619
+ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:38,640 --> 00:11:43,060
623
+ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทููŠ ู‡ู†ุง force-time
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:43,060 --> 00:11:46,960
627
+ relationship ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ..
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:46,960 --> 00:11:50,780
631
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุนู„ู†ุง ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ timeุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:50,780 --> 00:11:53,780
635
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ eccentric contraction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:53,780 --> 00:11:57,440
639
+ lengthening contraction ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ energy ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:11:57,440 --> 00:12:02,420
643
+ ุฃุจุทุฃ ูุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑุทูŠุจ for generated by the
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:02,420 --> 00:12:06,160
647
+ muscle is proportional force generated by the
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:06,160 --> 00:12:09,560
651
+ muscle proportional to the contraction time ูŠุจู‚ู‰
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:09,560 --> 00:12:12,460
655
+ longer the time required for the muscle to
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:12,460 --> 00:12:16,660
659
+ contract a greater the force developed up to the
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:16,660 --> 00:12:19,860
663
+ point of maximal tension ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:19,860 --> 00:12:24,360
667
+ contraction ูˆุตู„ ุขุฎุฑู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ slower contraction ููŠ ุงู„
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:24,360 --> 00:12:29,100
671
+ eccentric ุฒูŠ ุงู„ eccentric workูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:29,100 --> 00:12:36,460
675
+ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู…ุณู…ุญ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุฃุทูˆู„ ู…ู†
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:36,460 --> 00:12:44,560
679
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠ ู„ู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠ ู„ู„ูˆุถุน
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:44,560 --> 00:12:49,760
683
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠูููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูุฑุตุฉ ู„ูŠุตูŠุฑ generation ู„ู‡ุง force
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:49,760 --> 00:12:53,220
687
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุทุจุนุงู‹ there is a time delay between the
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:53,220 --> 00:12:56,200
691
+ tension developed ููŠ ุงู„ active component
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:12:56,200 --> 00:12:59,600
695
+ ูˆุงู„developed ููŠ ุงู„ non-contractile component ุทุจุนุงู‹
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:12:59,600 --> 00:13:03,960
699
+ ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู„ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ twitch ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ contractile ูˆ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:03,960 --> 00:13:09,480
703
+ ุงู„ non-contractile elementsุทุจุนุง ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:09,480 --> 00:13:15,220
707
+ fatigueุŒ ุจู†ุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:15,220 --> 00:13:19,520
711
+ contraction ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑุŒ ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุงุญู†ุง
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:19,520 --> 00:13:22,520
715
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุชุจุฏุฃ contraction ูˆ ุชุนู…ู„ release
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:22,520 --> 00:13:28,340
719
+ ู„ู„contractionุŒ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ATPุงู„ู€ ATP ู„ู‡ ุฃุฏูŠู†ูˆูŠู†
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:28,340 --> 00:13:33,120
723
+ ุฃุฏูŠู†ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู€ triphosphate ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ chemical substance
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:33,120 --> 00:13:36,260
727
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ synthesis ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:36,260 --> 00:13:40,040
731
+ twitch ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ contraction ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:40,040 --> 00:13:43,040
735
+ ุชุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง contraction ุจู„ุฒู…ู‡ุง ATP ูˆุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ release
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:43,040 --> 00:13:48,060
739
+ ู„ู„ contraction ุจู„ุฒู…ู‡ุง ATP ูู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:13:48,060 --> 00:13:52,560
743
+ when if a muscle has an adequate supply of oxygen
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:13:52,560 --> 00:13:57,880
747
+ and nutritionthat can be broken down ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:13:57,880 --> 00:14:02,240
751
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด metabolism ุงูˆ metabolic process ุจุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:02,240 --> 00:14:06,320
755
+ oxygen ูˆ ุงู„ nutrients ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ nutrients
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:06,320 --> 00:14:11,920
759
+ ู„ ATP can be sustained a series ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ low
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:14:11,920 --> 00:14:18,020
763
+ frequency which is a response for a long time ูŠุนู†ูŠ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:18,020 --> 00:14:22,180
767
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† many activity ุงูˆ many contraction
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:22,180 --> 00:14:28,300
771
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„term ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ long time ุทุจ ุงู„ frequency
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:28,300 --> 00:14:33,360
775
+ must be long enough to allow synthesis ู„ู„ ATP ูŠุจู‚ู‰
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:33,360 --> 00:14:37,640
779
+ ุงู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฐุง ุจุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุงุญู†ุง ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุงุชู†ุง
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:37,640 --> 00:14:40,680
783
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุนู…ู„ contraction ูˆ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุถุงุนู ู„ู„
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:40,680 --> 00:14:44,460
787
+ release ู„ู„ contraction ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนุทูŠ ูุฑุตุฉ ู„ู„ ATP ุงู†ู‡
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:14:44,460 --> 00:14:50,220
791
+ ูŠุชุนูˆุฏ ูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ synthesis ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉThe frequency of
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:14:50,220 --> 00:14:53,440
795
+ the stimulation increases more than the rate of
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:14:53,440 --> 00:14:57,620
799
+ ATP replacement ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู†ุง ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:14:57,620 --> 00:14:59,800
803
+ contraction
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:03,870 --> 00:15:08,590
807
+ ุนููˆุง ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ ATP ูุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ ูŠ ..
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:08,590 --> 00:15:11,910
811
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู‚ู„ ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู†ุนุฏู… ุงู„ ATP ูุจูŠู†ุนุฏู… ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:11,910 --> 00:15:15,090
815
+ contractionุŒ ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠุด ู‚ุฏุฑุฉุŒ ุจุตูŠุฑ drop in the
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:15,090 --> 00:15:18,670
819
+ tension followed by a prolonged stimulation of
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:18,670 --> 00:15:23,490
823
+ muscle ุจุชุณู…ูŠู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ muscle fatigue
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:15:26,280 --> 00:15:29,240
827
+ ุงู„ู€ muscle fatigue ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ metabolic
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:15:29,240 --> 00:15:32,820
831
+ process ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ failureุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑุŒ ู‡ูŠ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:15:32,820 --> 00:15:37,040
835
+ ุฃุณุงุณุง physiological mechanism ุจุช .. ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:15:37,040 --> 00:15:40,500
839
+ neurotransmitter ุฃูˆ neuromuscular systemุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:15:40,500 --> 00:15:44,400
843
+ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ contraction ุทุจ ุฅุฐุง ูุด ATP ูƒูุงูŠุฉุŒ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:15:44,400 --> 00:15:47,820
847
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠุด ุนู†ุง ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุด ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:15:47,820 --> 00:15:52,680
851
+ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ contractionู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ exercise
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:15:52,680 --> 00:15:57,180
855
+ when an exercising muscle begins to fatigueุŒ a
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:15:57,180 --> 00:16:00,640
859
+ rest period allows this muscle to resume its
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:00,640 --> 00:16:04,120
863
+ normal performance levelุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ู…ุชุนูˆุฏูŠู†
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:04,120 --> 00:16:07,960
867
+ ููŠู‡ during exercising ู„ our patient or ourselves
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:07,960 --> 00:16:11,960
871
+ as wellุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุทูŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู„ู„ rest ู‚ุฏ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุฃูˆ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:11,960 --> 00:16:18,050
875
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ contraction ู†ูุณู‡ุงู„ู‚ุถุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:18,050 --> 00:16:24,450
879
+ ูŠุชุทู„ุจู‡ ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูˆุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ูˆุงู†ุชุตุงุฑ ุงู„ุชุฏุฎู„ ุญุณุจ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:16:24,450 --> 00:16:27,070
883
+ ุงู„ุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ example
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:16:27,070 --> 00:16:31,470
887
+ ุงู„ุจุณูŠุท ู‡ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:16:31,470 --> 00:16:37,990
891
+ ุญู…ู„ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ box ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงูˆ ุดู†ุทุฉ ุชู‚ูŠู„ุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:16:37,990 --> 00:16:41,670
895
+ ุญู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง short duration ูุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ recovery ูƒู…ุงู†
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:16:41,670 --> 00:16:45,950
899
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุชุงุฎุฏ short duration as secondู„ูˆ ุญู…ู„ู†ุง ูุชุฑุฉ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:16:45,950 --> 00:16:51,250
903
+ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุญู…ู„ู†ุง ูƒูŠุณ ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆู…ุดูŠู†ุง ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูˆุงุฑ ุทูˆูŠู„ ุงู‡
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:16:51,250 --> 00:16:56,150
907
+ ูุจู†ุญุชุงุฌ ูˆู‚ุช ุงุทูˆู„ ู„ุงู†ุนุงูˆุฏ ุงู† ู†ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ fatigue
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:16:56,150 --> 00:17:00,630
911
+ ability ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ muscle that is
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:00,630 --> 00:17:05,250
915
+ rapidly fatigued by high intensity and short
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:05,250 --> 00:17:08,690
919
+ duration exercise recovered after a rest of
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:08,690 --> 00:17:12,130
923
+ seconds or minutes ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง prolonged
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:13,200 --> 00:17:16,980
927
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูุชุฑุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ muscle that is slowly fatigued by
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:17:16,980 --> 00:17:20,920
931
+ low intensity long duration exercise ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:17:20,920 --> 00:17:26,400
935
+ ุจู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู„ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุง recovery
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:17:26,400 --> 00:17:31,440
939
+ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู† .. ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:17:31,440 --> 00:17:35,500
943
+ ุจุนุชุจุฑู‡ ู…ุนู‚ุฏ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุณู‡ู„ ุดุฑุญู‡ ุนู„ู‰ .. ุจู‡ุฐู‡
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:17:35,500 --> 00:17:39,200
947
+ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Turk ุฃูˆ ุงู„
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:17:39,200 --> 00:17:42,980
951
+ moment ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฒู… ุงู„ุฅุฒุฏูˆุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:17:42,980 --> 00:17:48,320
955
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ Turk ู‡ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑูู‡ ุงู„ุนุฒู…The
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:17:48,320 --> 00:17:51,640
959
+ ability of the muscle to rotate the segment around
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:17:51,640 --> 00:17:54,920
963
+ the joint ู‡ู„ู‚ุช ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุงุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:17:54,920 --> 00:18:01,880
967
+ contraction ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุชุฒูˆุฏู„ูŠ ุงู„ .. ุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:18:01,880 --> 00:18:07,620
971
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุฃูˆ ุชู‚ุฑุจ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:18:07,620 --> 00:18:10,980
975
+ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุนู…ู„ muscle contraction ููŠ ุงู„ biceps ุฃู†ุง ุจู„ุฒู…
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:18:10,980 --> 00:18:15,450
979
+ ุฅู†ู‡ ุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ decreasing ู„ู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ููŠ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:18:15,450 --> 00:18:19,310
983
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ reflection ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจุนุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:18:19,310 --> 00:18:24,390
987
+ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ extension ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:18:24,390 --> 00:18:27,530
991
+ reflection ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:18:27,530 --> 00:18:30,790
995
+ reflection ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:18:30,790 --> 00:18:34,650
999
+ ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ torque ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุนุฒู… ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:18:34,650 --> 00:18:39,870
1003
+ ุนู† ุงู„ force ุงู„ force ุถุฑุจ ุนุฒู… ุงู„ุงุฒุฏูˆุงุฌ ุงูˆ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:18:39,870 --> 00:18:44,940
1007
+ moment of arm ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฐุฑุงุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉุทูŠุจ ุงู„ force ู‚ุฏุงุด
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:18:44,940 --> 00:18:49,400
1011
+ ููŠู‡ exerted force ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูˆ ู‚ุฏุงุด ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุงุน ู„ู‡ุฏูŠ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:18:49,400 --> 00:18:53,280
1015
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉุŒ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ attachment ู‡ุฏุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุจุนูŠุฏ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:18:53,280 --> 00:18:59,180
1019
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ..ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ูˆู‡ู†ุง
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:18:59,180 --> 00:19:03,240
1023
+ ุงู„ .. ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ direction of
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:19:03,240 --> 00:19:06,920
1027
+ rotation ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ force ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุช .. ุจุช .. ุจุชุณุงุนุฏู‡ุง
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:19:06,920 --> 00:19:10,400
1031
+ ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:19:10,400 --> 00:19:13,200
1035
+ torque ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุงุฒู„ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ force ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:19:13,200 --> 00:19:17,000
1039
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ Falcon ุชุจุนู†ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:21,700
1043
+ torque arm ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฐุฑุงุน ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:19:21,700 --> 00:19:25,480
1047
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุจุชู†ุถุฑุจ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ูุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุนุฒู…
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:19:25,480 --> 00:19:31,580
1051
+ ุงู„ุฅุฒุฏูˆุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุงุจู†ุจุชุบูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณุงูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:19:31,580 --> 00:19:34,780
1055
+ Torque Angle Curve ุทุจุนุงู‹ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ู†ูˆุน ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ููŠ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:19:34,780 --> 00:19:37,940
1059
+ ุนู†ุง ุงู„ Ascending Relationship ูˆุนู†ุง ุงู„ Descending
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:19:37,940 --> 00:19:41,980
1063
+ Relationship ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงู„ Ascending and Descending
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:19:41,980 --> 00:19:47,640
1067
+ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุนุฒู… ุฃูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠู‚ู„
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:19:47,640 --> 00:19:51,640
1071
+ ุทุจุนุง ุฏูŠ ุฅุนู„ุงู†ู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ Torque ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ Joint Angle
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:19:51,640 --> 00:19:57,750
1075
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุญุตู„ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู„ูŠุฉุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:19:57,750 --> 00:20:02,890
1079
+ ู‚ุงู…ุช ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Ascending relation ุงู„ู€ joint
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:20:02,890 --> 00:20:07,490
1083
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ joint ankle ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ torque ูŠุจู‚ู‰ in
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:20:07,490 --> 00:20:10,510
1087
+ this case ุฒู‰ ุงู„ knee flexor ููŠู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ hip
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:20:10,510 --> 00:20:16,110
1091
+ adductors ุนุถู„ุงุช ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูู‡ู‰ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนุฒู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูƒู„
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:20:16,110 --> 00:20:21,010
1095
+ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ุนุฒู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ torque
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:20:21,010 --> 00:20:25,300
1099
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุงุงู„ู€ descending ู„ุฃ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุถู„ุงุช ุนู†ุง ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:20:25,300 --> 00:20:30,020
1103
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ as the joint angle increase ุงู„ torque ุจุตูŠุฑ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:20:30,020 --> 00:20:34,840
1107
+ ููŠู‡ decrease ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:20:34,840 --> 00:20:41,730
1111
+ ุนูƒุณูŠุฉุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ hip abductors ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ gluteus medius ูˆ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:20:41,730 --> 00:20:44,870
1115
+ ุงู„ internal .. the internal torque of the muscle
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:20:44,870 --> 00:20:48,150
1119
+ is the greatest at the frontal planeุŒ ุงู„ angle
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:20:48,150 --> 00:20:53,130
1123
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ minus ุนุดุฑุฉ degree towards abduction
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:20:55,870 --> 00:20:59,230
1127
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุจูŠูˆุถุญ ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ascending
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:20:59,230 --> 00:21:03,690
1131
+ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุนูˆุฏ ุจุชู‚ู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:21:03,690 --> 00:21:08,250
1135
+ descending ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ascending ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:21:08,250 --> 00:21:12,370
1139
+ ุดูˆููˆุง ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ angle ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:21:12,370 --> 00:21:16,830
1143
+ torqueIn ascending descending relationship ููŠ ุงู„
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:21:16,830 --> 00:21:19,530
1147
+ elbow joint ุงู„ elbow flexor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:21:19,530 --> 00:21:23,510
1151
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ biceps ุงู„ first part of the range
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:21:23,510 --> 00:21:26,610
1155
+ of the joint movement as the joint of flexion
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:21:26,610 --> 00:21:31,690
1159
+ increase ุงู„ elbow flexor torque ุจุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:21:31,690 --> 00:21:35,690
1163
+ part ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ degrees in the muscle length and
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:21:35,690 --> 00:21:39,970
1167
+ increase in the muscle in the moment arm ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:21:39,970 --> 00:21:43,570
1171
+ moment armููŠ ุงู„ู€ internal torque of the elbow
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:21:43,570 --> 00:21:50,410
1175
+ flexorุŒ greatest at 75 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ of inflection ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:21:50,410 --> 00:21:53,730
1179
+ second partุŒ ู‡ุงู„ู‚ุชุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ 75ุŒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:21:53,730 --> 00:21:57,710
1183
+ ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ูˆุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ torque ููŠู‡ุง ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŒ ููŠ ุงู„
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:21:57,710 --> 00:22:00,510
1187
+ .. ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ second partุŒ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:22:00,510 --> 00:22:04,370
1191
+ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชู‚ุณุฑ ุฎูŠูˆุท ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ the range of movement
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:22:04,370 --> 00:22:08,080
1195
+ as the joint angle increase ุงู„ torqueุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:22:08,080 --> 00:22:11,740
1199
+ decrease other example ููŠ ุงู„ body ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:22:11,740 --> 00:22:18,500
1203
+ extension of the knee ูˆ ุงู„ extension of the elbow
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:22:20,040 --> 00:22:25,360
1207
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ุŸ ุจู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุจุนุถ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:22:25,360 --> 00:22:29,960
1211
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู‚ู„ู… ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ู… ุจุงู„ู€
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:22:29,960 --> 00:22:36,040
1215
+ hip ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุทุจุงุก ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠู„ุนุจูˆุง
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:22:36,040 --> 00:22:41,840
1219
+ ุจุงู„ .. ุงู„ greater ุฃูˆ ุงู„ attachment ุชุจุน ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:22:41,840 --> 00:22:47,900
1223
+ surgical displacement of the greater atrocantar to
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:22:47,900 --> 00:22:48,760
1227
+ increase
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:22:53,530 --> 00:22:59,330
1231
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุชู‚ู„ูŠุฌูŠุงุช ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:22:59,330 --> 00:23:05,130
1235
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ู„ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:23:05,130 --> 00:23:08,370
1239
+ ู„ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:23:09,380 --> 00:23:13,400
1243
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ attachment
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:23:13,400 --> 00:23:17,540
1247
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ greater retro counter ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนุฒู…
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:23:17,540 --> 00:23:21,400
1251
+ ู‡ู†ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ .. ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุฏุฑุงุนูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ูƒู„
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:23:21,400 --> 00:23:26,000
1255
+ ู…ุง ู†ุถุฑุจ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ force ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:23:26,000 --> 00:23:31,580
1259
+ ุงู„ contraction ุฃู‚ู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชู†ุถุฑุจ ุจุงู„ movement arm
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:23:31,580 --> 00:23:36,710
1263
+ ูุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ูู‡ูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„ูˆุฌุน ูู‡ู… ุจูŠู„ุนุจูˆุง ุจูŠุญุฑูƒูˆุงููŠ ุงู„ู€
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:23:36,710 --> 00:23:40,110
1267
+ attachment ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ as a consequence of the
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:23:40,110 --> 00:23:44,110
1271
+ decreased hip abductor force can reduce the force
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:23:44,110 --> 00:23:47,650
1275
+ generated across the unstable or painful hip joint
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:23:47,650 --> 00:23:51,510
1279
+ which considered a means of protection of the
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:23:51,510 --> 00:23:56,450
1283
+ joint from damaging force ููŠ ุงู„ุจุชู„ูŠูƒุชูˆู…ูŠ following
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:23:56,450 --> 00:24:00,050
1287
+ severe fracture ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุจูŠู‚ุน ุดุฎุต ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู„ู‰
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:24:00,050 --> 00:24:04,890
1291
+ ุฑูƒุจุชู‡ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ fracture ููŠ ุงู„ุจุชู„ุฉ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:24:05,360 --> 00:24:09,140
1295
+ Internal moment arm lead to an increase in the
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:24:09,140 --> 00:24:14,340
1299
+ amount of knee extensor ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุจุนูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:24:14,340 --> 00:24:18,680
1303
+ ุงู„ quadriceps ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ูŠ ุงู„
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:24:18,680 --> 00:24:24,020
1307
+ extensionุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูŠ wear and tear ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:24:24,020 --> 00:24:30,700
1311
+ knee jointู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ velocity
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:24:30,700 --> 00:24:34,540
1315
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉุŒ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงุญู†ุง measured by
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:24:34,540 --> 00:24:39,980
1319
+ centimeter per secondู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ muscle defined
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:24:39,980 --> 00:24:43,260
1323
+ ุงู„ velocity of the muscle is defined as ุงู„ rate of
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:24:43,260 --> 00:24:46,880
1327
+ changing in muscle length ูƒุฏู‡ุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ rate
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:24:46,880 --> 00:24:51,240
1331
+ ู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ length of the muscle ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ force
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:24:51,240 --> 00:24:54,680
1335
+ velocity relationship ุจู†ุดูˆู ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงู„
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:24:54,680 --> 00:24:57,120
1339
+ force ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ length ููŠ ุงู„ isometric
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:24:57,120 --> 00:25:03,080
1343
+ contraction ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุตูุฑzero velocity ู„ูŠุด ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ููŠ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:25:03,080 --> 00:25:08,380
1347
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูˆ ุงู„ุนุฒู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:25:08,380 --> 00:25:15,510
1351
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุณูุฑูŠุจู‚ู‰ at the velocity of .. ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ู‚ุตุฏ ุตูุฑ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:25:15,510 --> 00:25:19,450
1355
+ at the velocity of the shortening increase ุงู„
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:25:19,450 --> 00:25:23,790
1359
+ amount of torque will decrease ุงู„ torque ุฅุฐุง ุฒุงุฏุช
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:25:23,790 --> 00:25:26,630
1363
+ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุจูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„ torque ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ููŠ ุงู„
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:25:26,630 --> 00:25:30,650
1367
+ concentric contraction ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูˆ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:25:30,650 --> 00:25:34,330
1371
+ ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง .. ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ ุณุฑุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ at zero
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:25:34,330 --> 00:25:37,010
1375
+ velocity ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ contraction ุงู„ muscle can
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:25:37,010 --> 00:25:43,190
1379
+ produce high torque ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:25:43,190 --> 00:25:49,510
1383
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ isometric contraction ูู„ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:25:49,510 --> 00:25:55,350
1387
+ lengthening ู‡ุชุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ at high velocity or
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:25:55,350 --> 00:25:59,330
1391
+ in case of concentric contraction ุงู„ muscle
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:25:59,330 --> 00:26:04,650
1395
+ produces lower torque ุฃู‚ู„ torque than in case of
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:26:04,650 --> 00:26:07,910
1399
+ isometric contraction
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:26:10,790 --> 00:26:15,550
1403
+ ุฅุฐุง ุฒุฑุน ุงู„ุณุฑุนุงุช ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุถู…ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุถู…ูˆู† ุชุชุฎู„ุต
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:26:15,550 --> 00:26:22,970
1407
+ ุญุชู‰ ูŠูˆุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ู„ ููŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ุณุฑุนุงุช ูˆุจุชูˆุตู„ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:26:22,970 --> 00:26:28,990
1411
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ุณุฑุนุงุช ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุถู…ูˆู† ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุงู„ู…ุถู…ูˆู† ูŠุชุฎู„ุต
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:26:28,990 --> 00:26:33,390
1415
+ ุงู„ู…ุถู…ูˆู† ู…ู† ุชุฑู‚ ุฃุนู„ู‰than in case of isometric
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:26:33,390 --> 00:26:37,630
1419
+ contraction ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ velocity of the contraction ู‡ู†ุง
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:26:37,630 --> 00:26:44,690
1423
+ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ torque ุจุชู‚ู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ torque ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:26:44,690 --> 00:26:48,490
1427
+ ุงู„ torque ุจุตูŠุฑ maximum ููŠ ุงู„ minimum velocity
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:26:48,490 --> 00:26:52,750
1431
+ ูˆุฅุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ exertion ู„ู‚ูˆุฉ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:26:52,750 --> 00:26:56,070
1435
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ eccentric contraction than ุงู„
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:26:56,070 --> 00:27:05,250
1439
+ concentric contraction ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุงู„ุชูŠุฑุจ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู†ุฑูˆุญ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:27:05,250 --> 00:27:09,610
1443
+ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ power ุฃูˆ ุงู„ muscle power ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:27:09,610 --> 00:27:13,810
1447
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ rate of doing work ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:27:13,810 --> 00:27:18,790
1451
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ and is expressed as the product of force,
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:27:19,530 --> 00:27:24,160
1455
+ time, contraction, velocityูƒูŠู ุจู†ุนุจุฑ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุจุงู„
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:27:24,160 --> 00:27:29,960
1459
+ equation ุงู„ power ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ work ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ time ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:27:29,960 --> 00:27:34,140
1463
+ ุงู„ work output that is a muscle must be able to
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:27:34,140 --> 00:27:39,940
1467
+ contract forcibly and with high velocity to have a
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:27:39,940 --> 00:27:45,870
1471
+ higher power outputูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ู‚ุณ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:27:45,870 --> 00:27:51,270
1475
+ ุจู‚ุฏุงุด ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุŒ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ output ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:27:51,270 --> 00:27:58,580
1479
+ ุงู„ work ุชุนู†ูŠู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ work ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ timeุทุจ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:27:58,580 --> 00:28:01,780
1483
+ ุงู„ work ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุจู†ุนุจู‘ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ equation ุงู„ force
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:28:01,780 --> 00:28:06,280
1487
+ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ distance ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ power ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ force ุถุฑุจ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:28:06,280 --> 00:28:08,900
1491
+ ุงู„ distance ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ time ุงู„ distance ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ time
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:28:08,900 --> 00:28:12,320
1495
+ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ velocity ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ power ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:28:12,320 --> 00:28:16,730
1499
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ force ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ velocityููŠู†ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:28:16,730 --> 00:28:20,210
1503
+ work ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ positive work ูˆ ุงู„
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:28:20,210 --> 00:28:23,750
1507
+ negative workุŒ ุทุจ ุงู„ positive work ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:28:23,750 --> 00:28:29,490
1511
+ ุงูŠุดุŸ ู‡ูˆ contract .. contraction against ุงู„ load
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:28:30,510 --> 00:28:33,090
1515
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนูŠู†ุฉ concentric ุฃู†ุง ุญุงู…ู„ุฉ ุจุฅูŠุฏูŠ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:28:33,090 --> 00:28:37,370
1519
+ ู…ุซู„ุง dumbbell ูˆ ุจุนู…ู„ biceps concentric contraction
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:28:37,370 --> 00:28:41,230
1523
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ retina of positive work ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง power
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:28:41,230 --> 00:28:46,680
1527
+ production ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆูŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุทุจุนุงุŸุฃู…ุง ุงู„
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:28:46,680 --> 00:28:49,080
1531
+ negative work ุจุฑูˆุญ ููŠู‡ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ eccentric
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:28:49,080 --> 00:28:52,480
1535
+ contraction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง suppose ุงู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุญุงู…ู„ุฉ ุจุฅูŠุฏูŠ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:28:52,480 --> 00:28:58,100
1539
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ูˆ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุจุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู†ุฒู„ู‡ู… ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ..
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:28:58,100 --> 00:29:01,500
1543
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู†ุจูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู…ู† biceps contraction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:29:01,500 --> 00:29:04,980
1547
+ ุงู†ุง ู…ุงุณูƒุฉ ุจ friction of the elbow ูˆ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุจู†ุฒู„ ู‡ู†ุง
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:29:04,980 --> 00:29:08,860
1551
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ slowly ูˆ ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง storage ู„ู„ energy
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:29:08,860 --> 00:29:12,260
1555
+ ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ eccentric work ูุจุชุณู…ู‰ power
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:29:12,260 --> 00:29:18,710
1559
+ absorption ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ negative workุทุจุนุง during the
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:29:18,710 --> 00:29:22,430
1563
+ isometric contraction ุงู„ muscle experience
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:29:22,430 --> 00:29:29,230
1567
+ metabolic work ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฌู…ุน ู„ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:29:29,230 --> 00:29:34,830
1571
+ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆ ุงู„ nutrition because the activation of the
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:29:34,830 --> 00:29:39,020
1575
+ muscle involved expenditure to energy ATPbut no
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:29:39,020 --> 00:29:42,560
1579
+ mechanical work is produced ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ุญุฑูƒุฉ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:29:42,560 --> 00:29:46,080
1583
+ mechanical work ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠุด ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุญ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:29:46,080 --> 00:29:50,160
1587
+ isometric contraction ู„ .. ุงู‡ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุงููŠ ..
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:29:50,160 --> 00:29:54,320
1591
+ ู…ุงููŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ ATP ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ ATP ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:29:54,320 --> 00:30:00,020
1595
+ ููŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุชุนุฑุถ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง ATP ู„ูƒู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:30:00,020 --> 00:30:00,980
1599
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:30:04,640 --> 00:30:09,040
1603
+ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญ ู„ุฃุฎุฑ ุฅุดูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ muscle length ู‡ูˆ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:30:09,040 --> 00:30:14,680
1607
+ ูƒูŠู ุงุญู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ muscle sorry ุงู„ muscle
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:30:14,680 --> 00:30:18,080
1611
+ strength ูƒูŠู ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ improving ู„ู„ muscle
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:30:18,080 --> 00:30:21,340
1615
+ strength ูˆูƒูŠู ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:30:21,340 --> 00:30:25,060
1619
+ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ muscle strength is the maximum
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:30:25,060 --> 00:30:30,060
1623
+ amount of force exerted by the muscle ู‚ุฏุงุด ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:30:30,060 --> 00:30:36,030
1627
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฅุดูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุญู…ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ muscle
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:30:36,030 --> 00:30:39,570
1631
+ length ุจุชุงุนูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฏูŠุด ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุญู…ู„ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูƒูŠู„ูˆุŒ ุนุดุฑุฉ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:30:39,570 --> 00:30:43,770
1635
+ ูƒูŠู„ูˆุŒ ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุจุงู„ bicepsุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง muscle
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:30:43,770 --> 00:30:46,770
1639
+ strength ู‡ูˆ directly proportional to the
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:30:46,770 --> 00:30:50,270
1643
+ physiological across section due to physiological
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:30:50,270 --> 00:30:54,140
1647
+ hypertrophicityุฒูŠ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Quadriceps ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:30:54,140 --> 00:30:58,000
1651
+ ุนุถู„ุฉ .. ู‡ูŠ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฑุจุนูŠุฉ ูˆ ุนุถู„ุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ diameter
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:30:58,000 --> 00:31:01,960
1655
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ hypertrophicity ู‡ู†ุง increase
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:31:01,960 --> 00:31:05,920
1659
+ ุงู„ muscle size ุจุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ muscle size ูˆ it's usually
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:31:05,920 --> 00:31:11,940
1663
+ additional 30 ู„ 60% ุจุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุจุงู„ .. ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:31:11,940 --> 00:31:15,940
1667
+ ู…ู† 30 ู„ 60% ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ exercise ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:31:15,940 --> 00:31:19,720
1671
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุงhypertrophicity ู„ู„ู€ fibers of the
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:31:19,720 --> 00:31:22,400
1675
+ muscle ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ู…ุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:31:22,400 --> 00:31:26,600
1679
+ ููŠู‡ุง trophicity ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:31:26,600 --> 00:31:30,260
1683
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุจุชุนู…ู„ activity activity
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:31:30,260 --> 00:31:35,360
1687
+ ู…ุงุจุชุนู…ู„ุด activation ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ fibers ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ the
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:31:35,360 --> 00:31:38,920
1691
+ stronger muscle are not acting wholly but part act
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:31:38,920 --> 00:31:42,520
1695
+ and other part are rest ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฏู‡ this permit
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:31:42,520 --> 00:31:45,960
1699
+ early recovery and allow individual to do more for
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:31:45,960 --> 00:31:49,230
1703
+ longer periodof time ุงู„ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูุจุณุชุฎุฏู…
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:31:49,230 --> 00:31:55,090
1707
+ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ fibers ูˆ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุฌุฒุก ูˆ ู…ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุทุจุนุง
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:31:55,090 --> 00:31:57,990
1711
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง muscle endurance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:31:57,990 --> 00:32:00,770
1715
+ ุตุงุฑู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง muscle power ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง muscle
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:32:00,770 --> 00:32:06,570
1719
+ strength ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง muscle endurance ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:32:06,570 --> 00:32:11,760
1723
+ strength ู‚ุฏุงุด ู‚ุฏุฑุชู†ุงุฅู† ู†ุดูŠู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:32:11,760 --> 00:32:16,740
1727
+ ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ endurance ู‚ุฏุงุด ุฅุญู†ุง ููŠู†ุง ู†ุณุชู…ุฑ ูˆ ุฅุญู†ุง
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:32:16,740 --> 00:32:19,940
1731
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุดุฑุท ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญู…ู„ ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:32:19,940 --> 00:32:23,460
1735
+ ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุญู…ู„ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ูˆ ุฃุณุชู…ุฑ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุณุงุนุฉ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:32:23,460 --> 00:32:26,900
1739
+ ุจู…ุฑุฑ ุฅูŠุฏูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ the ability of the muscle to
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:32:26,900 --> 00:32:31,620
1743
+ exert force repeatedly over a period of time ุจุฏูŠ
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:32:31,620 --> 00:32:36,820
1747
+ ูˆู‚ุช ุฃู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ุฃุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุงู„ู€ endurance training
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:32:36,820 --> 00:32:41,300
1751
+ involve enhancement of muscle energy supply rather
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:32:41,300 --> 00:32:45,000
1755
+ than its size ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุงู‡ุชู… ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงู„ endurance ุฃู†ุง
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:32:45,000 --> 00:32:48,540
1759
+ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ energy supply ุฒูŠ ุงู„ ATP ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:32:48,540 --> 00:32:52,640
1763
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ strength ู„ูƒู†
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:32:52,640 --> 00:32:56,380
1767
+ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุนู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ุง ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠ
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:32:56,380 --> 00:33:00,490
1771
+ long term ุฃูˆ long period of exercisingูŠุจู‚ู‰
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:33:00,490 --> 00:33:05,510
1775
+ endurance is related to increase in muscle
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:33:05,510 --> 00:33:09,430
1779
+ myoglobin concentration capillary number and
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:33:09,430 --> 00:33:15,250
1783
+ mitochondrial size and number ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:33:15,250 --> 00:33:19,410
1787
+ ู…ุนู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ metabolism ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ู…ุนู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:33:19,410 --> 00:33:24,580
1791
+ strength ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ุญุฌู…ูŠุจู‚ู‰ trained muscle is not easy
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:33:24,580 --> 00:33:28,340
1795
+ to fatigue because it utilize more effective
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:33:28,340 --> 00:33:33,920
1799
+ metabolic reaction at the muscle is oxygenated
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:33:33,920 --> 00:33:39,040
1803
+ through the conditions of cardiovascular and
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:33:39,040 --> 00:33:42,460
1807
+ respiratory systemุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ cardiovascular and
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:33:42,460 --> 00:33:46,480
1811
+ respiratory systemู‡ู…ุง ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู€ Oxygen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:33:46,480 --> 00:33:50,860
1815
+ ูŠูŠุฌูŠ ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ metabolism ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฏู…
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:33:50,860 --> 00:33:56,460
1819
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุณู„ู‡ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุทุจุนุง
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:33:56,460 --> 00:34:01,310
1823
+ ุงู„ elasticity ุงุดูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ capacity
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:34:01,310 --> 00:34:04,950
1827
+ to lengthen the muscle sufficiently to move the
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:34:04,950 --> 00:34:08,030
1831
+ joint throughout its range of motionุŒ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงุญู†ุง
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:34:08,030 --> 00:34:12,330
1835
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ูุฑุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูˆ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:34:12,330 --> 00:34:20,010
1839
+ ุงู„ุฑุฌูˆุน ู„ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ stretch ุฃูˆ ุงู„ lengtheningูŠุจู‚ู‰
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:34:20,010 --> 00:34:23,450
1843
+ elasticity can be improved by decreasing
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:34:23,450 --> 00:34:27,290
1847
+ resistance of thigh musc tight muscle using static
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:34:27,290 --> 00:34:31,430
1851
+ or dynamic stretch techniques or by increasing the
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:34:31,430 --> 00:34:34,130
1855
+ strength of the antagonist ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุดุฏ
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:34:34,130 --> 00:34:37,930
1859
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุก ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจุฃูˆู„ ุนุถู„ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุฃู†ุง
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:34:37,930 --> 00:34:42,480
1863
+ ุฃู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ elasticity ุชุจุนุชู‡ุงas the muscle is
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:34:42,480 --> 00:34:47,500
1867
+ viscoelasticุŒ ุงู„ู€ elastic properity permits spring
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:34:47,500 --> 00:34:51,220
1871
+ -like behavior ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฎู„ู‘ูŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุชุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ original
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:34:51,220 --> 00:34:56,060
1875
+ link ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ุง stretchingุŒ ุทุจุนุง
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:34:56,060 --> 00:34:58,960
1879
+ ุงู„viscosity ุฃูˆ ุงู„viscosity properity ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:34:58,960 --> 00:35:02,680
1883
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง plasticityto permanent or permanent
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:35:02,680 --> 00:35:07,060
1887
+ deformation ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:35:07,060 --> 00:35:11,260
1891
+ plasticity ูˆ ุงู„ elasticity ุงู„ elasticity ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:35:11,260 --> 00:35:15,480
1895
+ ูŠุฑุฌุน ุงู„ุฃุดูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ tension ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:35:15,480 --> 00:35:20,500
1899
+ stretchingูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุฉ ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ุฑุฌุนุช ู„ูˆุถุนู‡ุง ูุฏูŠ
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:35:20,500 --> 00:35:24,180
1903
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃุณู…ู‡ุง elasticity ุดุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:35:24,180 --> 00:35:28,640
1907
+ ุฃูˆ ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:35:28,640 --> 00:35:32,200
1911
+ ุฃุณู…ู‡ุง plasticity ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง permanent deformation
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:35:32,200 --> 00:35:37,600
1915
+ ูˆุจุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ length ุชุจุนู‡ุงุจุนุฏูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุฃุฑุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:35:37,600 --> 00:35:43,420
1919
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ increase muscle efficiency ุทุจุนุง calculated
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:35:43,420 --> 00:35:47,860
1923
+ as the percent of energy input that is converted
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:35:47,860 --> 00:35:52,320
1927
+ into work instead of heat ู‚ุฏุงุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:35:52,320 --> 00:35:57,960
1931
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ metabolism ูˆ energy ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:35:57,960 --> 00:36:04,120
1935
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ work ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ efficiency ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:36:04,120 --> 00:36:10,350
1939
+ ู‡ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉุงู„ู€ efficiency of the muscle is less
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:36:10,350 --> 00:36:16,030
1943
+ than 20 to 25% the reason for this law efficiency
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:36:16,030 --> 00:36:20,030
1947
+ is that about half of the energy ููŠ ุงู„ food stuffs
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:36:20,030 --> 00:36:24,270
1951
+ lost during ุงู„ formation of ุงู„ ATP ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:36:24,270 --> 00:36:28,310
1955
+ energy ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ metabolismุงู„ู„ูŠ
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:36:28,310 --> 00:36:32,610
1959
+ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ATP formation ุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ูŠ contraction
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:36:32,610 --> 00:36:36,910
1963
+ and release of the muscle ุจุงู„ exercise ุงู„ maximum
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:36:36,910 --> 00:36:40,370
1967
+ efficiency of the muscle developed especially when
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:36:40,370 --> 00:36:44,970
1971
+ the velocity of contraction about 30% ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:36:44,970 --> 00:36:53,930
1975
+ contraction ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฃูˆูŠ ุฃูˆ ุณุฑูŠุนุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃุถุงูุช ู‚ูˆุฉ
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:36:53,930 --> 00:36:58,910
1979
+ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู„ู„ุชุนุจ ุจู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุนุจุŒ ูˆู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชู…ุฑู†ุช
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:36:58,910 --> 00:37:03,870
1983
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ุงู„ุชุนุจ
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:37:03,870 --> 00:37:09,050
1987
+ ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉุŒ ุชุชุทูˆุฑุŒ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€circleุŒ
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:37:09,050 --> 00:37:15,070
1991
+ ุงู„ู€circle ู„ู…ุง ุชุตุจุญ ุซู‚ุฑุŒ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:37:15,070 --> 00:37:20,060
1995
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุจุชุชุฌุฏุฏ ูˆ ุจุชุชุญุณู† there is also greater
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:37:20,060 --> 00:37:24,260
1999
+ amount of glycogen needed to supply the trend
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:37:24,260 --> 00:37:27,860
2003
+ muscle within the muscle itself ุนุดุงู† ุชุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:37:27,860 --> 00:37:31,400
2007
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ metabolism ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง muscle
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:37:31,400 --> 00:37:34,740
2011
+ injuryุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ muscle injury ู…ุด
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:37:34,740 --> 00:37:37,860
2015
+ ุนุงุฑูุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุงู‚ุตุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ acute muscle
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:37:37,860 --> 00:37:42,500
2019
+ strain ูˆ ุงู„ muscle contusion ูˆ ุงู„ exercise induced
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:37:42,500 --> 00:37:47,210
2023
+ injury ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ crampsุงู„ู€ acute muscle
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:37:47,210 --> 00:37:54,030
2027
+ strain ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ result from overstretch of
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:37:54,030 --> 00:37:59,830
2031
+ passive muscle or dynamically overloaded and
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:37:59,830 --> 00:38:03,390
2035
+ active muscle ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช concentrically or
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:38:03,390 --> 00:38:06,130
2039
+ eccentrically ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ muscle strain
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:38:06,130 --> 00:38:10,290
2043
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุดุฏ ู…ูุงุฌุฆููŠ ุงู„ fibers ุชุจุน ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู†
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:38:10,290 --> 00:38:16,930
2047
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชู†ู‚ุทุน ุงูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชู†ุดุฏ ูˆ .. ูˆ ุชุชู…ุฒู‚ ุชู†ุฒู‚ ุฌุฒุก
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:38:16,930 --> 00:38:22,050
2051
+ ุงูˆ .. ุงูˆ ูƒู„ู‡ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช ุงุญู†ุง ุดุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:38:22,050 --> 00:38:26,730
2055
+ ุนู†ูŠูุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุจุชุนู…ู„ ูุนู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠDynamic
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:38:26,730 --> 00:38:30,150
2059
+ contraction ุฃูˆ overloaded ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:38:30,150 --> 00:38:33,370
2063
+ ู…ุน ู„ุนูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุจุดูˆุช ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุฉ ุจุนู…ู„ sudden
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:38:33,370 --> 00:38:37,770
2067
+ contraction ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ vigorous
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:38:37,770 --> 00:38:42,390
2071
+ contraction ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชู…ุฒู‚ ู„ุจุนุถ ุฎูŠูˆุท
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:38:42,390 --> 00:38:44,910
2075
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ The severity of the tissue damage depends
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:38:44,910 --> 00:38:50,120
2079
+ on the magnitude of theThe rate of the force
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:38:50,120 --> 00:38:54,740
2083
+ application and the strength of a musculotendinous
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:38:54,740 --> 00:38:59,080
2087
+ structure ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุฅุดูŠ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ ุทุจุนุง ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ force
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:38:59,080 --> 00:39:04,260
2091
+ exertedุŒ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ rateุŒ ูƒุงู… ู…ุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ strength ุจุนุช
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:39:04,260 --> 00:39:08,180
2095
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ musculotendinous structure ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:39:08,180 --> 00:39:11,320
2099
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู†ุงุบู… ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุณุฌุงู… ุจูŠู† ุงู„ contractile ูˆ
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:39:11,320 --> 00:39:15,200
2103
+ ุงู„ non contractile elements ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:39:15,480 --> 00:39:18,820
2107
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ grades ุงู„ู€ mild ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุช
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:39:18,820 --> 00:39:22,500
2111
+ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠููŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ mild are characterized by minimal
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:39:22,500 --> 00:39:26,260
2115
+ structural disruption and rapid return to the
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:39:26,260 --> 00:39:31,020
2119
+ normal function ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุฏูˆุจ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:39:31,020 --> 00:39:35,040
2123
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุชู…ุฒู‚ ุงู„ moderate associated with
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:39:35,040 --> 00:39:41,140
2127
+ partial tearู…ุซู„ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุณู„ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู†
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:39:41,140 --> 00:39:46,240
2131
+ ุงู„ู€myotendinous ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุงู†ูƒุดู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุณู„ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุฏูˆู†
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:39:46,240 --> 00:39:51,360
2135
+ ูˆุจูŠู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ุงู„ูู†ู‚ุดู† ุฃู…ุง ุณูŠููŠุฑ ูู‡ูŠ complete
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:39:51,360 --> 00:39:55,010
2139
+ ุฃูˆ near completeTissue disruption ููŠู‡ุง ุงู†ู‚ุทุงุน
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:39:55,010 --> 00:39:58,590
2143
+ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง complete functional loss ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง marked
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:39:58,590 --> 00:40:03,510
2147
+ hemorrhage and swelling ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฑูˆุจ ู„ู„ุฏู…
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:40:03,510 --> 00:40:09,160
2151
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ู‚ุทุน ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉุฃู…ุง ุงู„ muscle
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:40:09,160 --> 00:40:13,020
2155
+ contusion ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุชุนุฑุถู„ู‡ ูˆ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจูŠู† ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:40:13,020 --> 00:40:15,700
2159
+ ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุฑุถูˆุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจูŠู† ุงู„
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:40:15,700 --> 00:40:18,940
2163
+ boxers ูˆ ุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ูŠุชุจุนูˆู† ุงู„ basketball ูˆ ุงู„ football
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:40:18,940 --> 00:40:21,820
2167
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุจูŠุฎุจุทูˆุง ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ุนุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู„ุงุนูŠุจุฉ ูŠุฎุจุทูˆุง ููŠ
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:40:21,820 --> 00:40:24,720
2171
+ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุงู„ muscle contusion ุงู„ muscle injury
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:40:24,720 --> 00:40:28,070
2175
+ happened as a result of rightdirect compression
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:40:28,070 --> 00:40:30,990
2179
+ impact which causes intramuscular hemorrhageุŒ
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:40:30,990 --> 00:40:34,070
2183
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุฑุฌู„ุงู†ุง ูˆ ููŠ ุงูŠุฏุงู†ุงุŒ
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:40:34,070 --> 00:40:37,110
2187
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุฎุทุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุด ุฏุงุฑูŠู†
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:40:37,110 --> 00:40:41,350
2191
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ุนูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ูƒุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„athletes ุจูŠุฏุฑุจูˆุง ููŠ
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:40:41,350 --> 00:40:47,590
2195
+ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ูˆ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ muscle contusionุฃู…ุง ุงู„
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:40:47,590 --> 00:40:52,110
2199
+ exercise induced injury ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูุถู„ูˆุง ุญุฏุฑุงุชูƒูˆุง
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:40:52,110 --> 00:40:55,410
2203
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌูŠู…ู†ุงุช ูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจุชุจุฏูˆุง ุจุชุจุฏูˆุง ุจุฎู…ุณูŠู†
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:40:55,410 --> 00:41:03,270
2207
+ squat ูˆ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† push up ูˆ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† curl ูˆ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† set ups
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:41:03,270 --> 00:41:07,430
2211
+ ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญูˆุงุฃูˆู„ ูŠูˆู… ุจุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุญู„ูˆูŠู† ูˆู…ุจุณูˆุทูŠู†ุŒ
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:41:07,430 --> 00:41:10,270
2215
+ ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุจูŠูุถู„ muscle sorenessุŒ ุจุชุจุฏูˆ
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:41:10,270 --> 00:41:14,410
2219
+ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจุทู†ูƒู… ุชูˆุฌุนูƒูˆุงุŒ ุจุชุตูŠุฑูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุญูƒุฉ ุชุนูŠุทูˆุงุŒ
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:41:14,410 --> 00:41:18,970
2223
+ ูุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ exercise induced injury ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:41:18,970 --> 00:41:25,040
2227
+ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูุงุฌุฆ ูˆุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุชุงุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉูŠุจู‚ู‰
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:41:25,040 --> 00:41:29,700
2231
+ ุงู„ู€ injury results from connective and contractile
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:41:29,700 --> 00:41:33,180
2235
+ tissue disruption following exercise characterized
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:41:33,180 --> 00:41:36,240
2239
+ by local tenderness with stiffness restriction ู„ู„ู€
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:41:36,240 --> 00:41:39,000
2243
+ range of motion ุจูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุง ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุชุนุฏู„ูˆุง ุจุทู†ูƒูˆุง ุฃูˆ
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:41:39,000 --> 00:41:43,680
2247
+ ุชุนุฏู„ูˆุง ุฏู‡ุฑูƒูˆุงThis type of injury referred to as
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:41:43,680 --> 00:41:48,540
2251
+ delayed onset ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุตุฑู†ุณุŒ ุงู„ุฃู„ู… ุจุนุฏ 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ุฃูˆ
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:41:48,540 --> 00:41:52,880
2255
+ 72 ุณุงุนุฉ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง participation of vigorous exercise
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:41:52,880 --> 00:41:57,000
2259
+ following eccentric muscle contraction in the
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:41:57,000 --> 00:42:00,640
2263
+ contractile tissue unaccustomed to the activity
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:42:00,640 --> 00:42:05,160
2267
+ demand ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ muscle
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:42:05,160 --> 00:42:09,380
2271
+ crampsุงู„ู€ Muscle Cramps ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ Electrolyte
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:42:09,380 --> 00:42:14,080
2275
+ imbalance ุฅุญู†ุง ู†ุนุฑููŠู† ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:42:14,080 --> 00:42:17,440
2279
+ Electrolyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Calcium
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:42:17,440 --> 00:42:21,300
2283
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุบู†ูŠุณูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ imbalance ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:42:21,300 --> 00:42:24,300
2287
+ Cramps ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:42:24,300 --> 00:42:26,660
2291
+ Gastrocnemius ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Semimembranosis ูˆ ุงู„ู€
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:42:26,660 --> 00:42:29,920
2295
+ Tendinosis ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Biceps ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู…ุน
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:42:29,920 --> 00:42:33,300
2299
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ Hamstrings ุงู„ู€ Abdominals ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง and can
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:42:33,300 --> 00:42:39,140
2303
+ beู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:42:39,140 --> 00:42:39,980
2307
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:42:39,980 --> 00:42:40,060
2311
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2312
+
2313
+ 579
2314
+ 00:42:40,060 --> 00:42:41,520
2315
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2316
+
2317
+ 580
2318
+ 00:42:41,520 --> 00:42:48,320
2319
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2320
+
2321
+ 581
2322
+ 00:42:48,320 --> 00:42:49,260
2323
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2324
+
2325
+ 582
2326
+ 00:42:49,260 --> 00:42:54,760
2327
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2328
+
2329
+ 583
2330
+ 00:42:54,760 --> 00:42:59,680
2331
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุน
2332
+
2333
+ 584
2334
+ 00:43:00,300 --> 00:43:03,980
2335
+ ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ ูˆ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒู…
2336
+
2337
+ 585
2338
+ 00:43:03,980 --> 00:43:11,440
2339
+ ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ ูˆ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู„ู„ูŠูˆู…
2340
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/P6Duy9VIIYA_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,2352 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:02,600 --> 00:00:08,580
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ุงุณุชูƒู…ุงู„ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:08,580 --> 00:00:16,000
7
+ ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ bio mechanics of muscles ู‡ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:16,000 --> 00:00:22,320
11
+ muscle variables ูˆ .. ูˆ ู†ุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:22,320 --> 00:00:25,580
15
+ different variables of the muscle ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ strength
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:25,580 --> 00:00:31,000
19
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ muscle length ุฑู‚ู… ูˆุงุญุฏููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง two
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:31,000 --> 00:00:34,600
23
+ main type of muscle length ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ resting
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:34,600 --> 00:00:39,100
27
+ length ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ equilibrium length ุงู„ resting
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:39,100 --> 00:00:47,010
31
+ length ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ ..ุงู„ุนุฏู„ุฉ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:47,010 --> 00:00:51,270
35
+ length of an uncontracted and unstretched muscle
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:51,270 --> 00:00:56,830
39
+ ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ without any contraction ูˆู„ุง
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:56,830 --> 00:01:01,470
43
+ stretching of the muscle ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ equilibrium length
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:01:01,470 --> 00:01:05,320
47
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชุฎูŠู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ isolated muscleู‡ูˆ ุงู„ length
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:05,320 --> 00:01:09,340
51
+ of an isolated muscle and contracted ู„ูˆ ุนุฒู„ู†ุง
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:09,340 --> 00:01:12,620
55
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดูŠู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ุฃุทุฑุงูู‡ุง ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุงู„ origin and
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:12,620 --> 00:01:19,290
59
+ ุงู„ insertion ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงุจุชุฃุซุฑุจุชู‚ุตุฑ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 10%
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:19,290 --> 00:01:26,570
63
+ ู…ู† ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ 30 cm ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชู‚ุตุฑ 3 cm
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:26,570 --> 00:01:29,810
67
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู„ูˆ ุดู„ู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:29,810 --> 00:01:34,830
71
+ original ูˆ ุงู„ insertion ู…ุฌุฏูˆุฏุฉ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ ูˆุถุน
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:34,830 --> 00:01:38,630
75
+ ุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ resting length ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ intact length
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:38,630 --> 00:01:44,790
79
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช of the non contracted and non
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:44,790 --> 00:01:48,830
83
+ stretchedmuscle ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ equilibrium ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ isolated
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:48,830 --> 00:01:53,090
87
+ muscle ุฃูˆ uncontracted muscle ู„ูˆ ุนุฒู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:53,090 --> 00:01:59,130
91
+ ูู‡ูŠ ุญุฌู…ู‡ุง ุจูŠู‚ุตุฑ ุจูŠุตุบุฑ ุฃูˆ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุง ุจูŠู‚ุตุฑ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:59,130 --> 00:02:04,990
95
+ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุทูŠุจ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ variable ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:02:04,990 --> 00:02:10,410
99
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ forceof tension ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ tension ุจู†ูุถู„ู‡ุง
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:10,410 --> 00:02:14,850
103
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ูƒู„ู…ุฉ contraction ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† contraction ูƒู†ุช
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:14,850 --> 00:02:19,770
107
+ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ ูƒู†ุชุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ุชู‚ุงุฑุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ a prefix ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:19,770 --> 00:02:24,990
111
+ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุชู‚ุงุฑุจุช ู…ู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุชูˆุตู„ุช ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุฃู…ุง ุงู„
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:24,990 --> 00:02:30,150
115
+ tension ูู‡ูŠ whether ูƒุงู† isometric ุฃูˆ concentric ุฃูˆ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:30,150 --> 00:02:34,450
119
+ eccentric contraction ููƒู„ู…ุฉ tension ุจุชุนุจุฑ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:34,450 --> 00:02:40,690
123
+ ู…ุนุจุฑุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ tensionCan be applied to any type of
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:40,690 --> 00:02:44,350
127
+ tension developed regardless ofwhether ุงู„ muscle
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:44,350 --> 00:02:47,970
131
+ shortened or lengthened or remained the same
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:47,970 --> 00:02:52,050
135
+ length ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† concentric contraction, eccentric
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:52,050 --> 00:02:58,930
139
+ contraction or isometric contraction ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ force
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:58,930 --> 00:03:04,350
143
+ exerted by muscle is not only dependent upon ุงู„
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:03:04,350 --> 00:03:06,910
147
+ active process ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ active process ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:03:06,910 --> 00:03:14,080
151
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ contractile elementsุฃู…ุง ููŠ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:14,080 --> 00:03:18,840
155
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง passive tension ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ non contractile
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:18,840 --> 00:03:23,360
159
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ non contractile element ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ muscle
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:23,360 --> 00:03:28,520
163
+ ููŠู‡ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ connective ุฃูˆ some connective
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:28,520 --> 00:03:33,250
167
+ tissue ุงู„ non contractile element ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠุงู„ู€
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:33,250 --> 00:03:36,270
171
+ elastic band ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ู„ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:36,270 --> 00:03:40,950
175
+ ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูุงุชุช ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:40,950 --> 00:03:44,930
179
+ cross bridge ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูƒุชูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠูˆุณูŠู† ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:44,930 --> 00:03:50,710
183
+ ุงู„ series ูˆูƒุงู†ุช parallel or series elastic
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:50,710 --> 00:03:55,130
187
+ components ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ุง non-contractile elements
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:55,490 --> 00:04:00,550
191
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ they behave as elastic band exert passive
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:04:00,550 --> 00:04:04,170
195
+ force which combines with the active contribution
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:04:04,170 --> 00:04:08,710
199
+ due cross bridging ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุณูŠู† and ุฃูƒุชูŠู†
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:08,710 --> 00:04:12,170
203
+ of the contractile elements in the muscle to
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:12,170 --> 00:04:15,900
207
+ produce the total force exerted by the muscleุทุจุนุง
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:15,900 --> 00:04:19,320
211
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู‡ู‰ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† force
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:19,320 --> 00:04:24,240
215
+ ุจุญุซุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูŠุงุณ ุณุจุนุชู‡ุง ู„ู†ูŠูˆุชู† ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ู…ู†
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:24,240 --> 00:04:29,420
219
+ ุงู„ูุตู„ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูุงุชุทุจ ุงู„ tension produced by the muscle
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:29,420 --> 00:04:32,300
223
+ contraction depends mechanically on the following
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:32,300 --> 00:04:37,460
227
+ factor ุงู„ muscle length ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:37,460 --> 00:04:42,060
231
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ contraction ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุทูˆู„
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:42,060 --> 00:04:46,480
235
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุณุงุนุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ contractionูุจูƒูˆู†
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:46,480 --> 00:04:50,820
239
+ ู‚ุฏุงุด ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง optimum link ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ู…ุง
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:50,820 --> 00:04:54,240
243
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุฒู…ุงู† ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจุฏุฃู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:54,240 --> 00:04:58,020
247
+ introduction ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุฃูุถู„ ุดุบู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:58,020 --> 00:05:02,350
251
+ intermediate course ุชุจุนู‡ุงู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ู…ู†ูŠุญ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:02,350 --> 00:05:06,290
255
+ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ length position ูˆ ู„ุง ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ู…ู†ูŠุญ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:06,290 --> 00:05:10,890
259
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠ short position ุฃูุถู„ ูˆุถุน ุจุชุดุชุบู„
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:10,890 --> 00:05:15,450
263
+ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ development ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ tension
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:15,450 --> 00:05:21,430
267
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ optimum length ุจุนุช ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:21,430 --> 00:05:25,590
271
+ relation between length and tension ุจdescribe ู‡ู†ุง
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:25,590 --> 00:05:31,000
275
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุงุงู„ curve ูˆ ุฒู‰ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ curve ู‡ู†ุง
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:31,000 --> 00:05:36,080
279
+ ูƒุงู ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ length ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‚ุตุฑุช ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุงู„
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:36,080 --> 00:05:40,880
283
+ tension ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ development ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠุณุชู‚ุฑ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู†
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:40,880 --> 00:05:46,250
287
+ ุจูŠุนูˆุฏ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ active tension developed
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:46,250 --> 00:05:49,250
291
+ by ุงู„ contractile elements of the muscle ูˆู‡ุฐุง
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:49,250 --> 00:05:53,170
295
+ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุชูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุณูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ู… cross
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:53,170 --> 00:05:57,650
299
+ bridging ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ contraction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:57,650 --> 00:06:02,650
303
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุชุฏุงุฎู„ ุฎูŠูˆุท ุงู„ุฃูƒุชูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠุณูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุชุจุนุฏู‡ุง ููŠ
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:02,650 --> 00:06:06,760
307
+ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ eccentric contraction ูƒู…ุงู†ุทุจ ูˆู‚ุชุด ุจุตูŠุฑ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:06,760 --> 00:06:10,680
311
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง passive tension ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ muscle develop
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:10,680 --> 00:06:14,380
315
+ when the muscle is stretched beyond its restingุŒ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:14,380 --> 00:06:18,920
319
+ ุจุจุฏุฃ ุงู†ุดุฏู‡ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ resting position ูˆ ุงู„ non
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:18,920 --> 00:06:23,800
323
+ contractile muscle ุจู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ stretchุŒ ุทูŠุจ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:23,970 --> 00:06:27,350
327
+ When the muscle contract both the active and the
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:27,350 --> 00:06:30,610
331
+ passive tension ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ total tension
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:30,610 --> 00:06:34,930
335
+ exerted ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ contraction
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:34,930 --> 00:06:41,170
339
+ ู„ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ููŠ concentric ุงูˆ eccentric work
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:41,640 --> 00:06:47,520
343
+ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุชุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุชุฌุณุณ ุงู„ู…ุตุฏุฑ ุจูŠูˆู†ุฏ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:47,520 --> 00:06:53,280
347
+ ุงู„ุชุฌุณุณูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจุงุณูŠู ุงู„ุชู†ุดู† ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ active tension
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:53,280 --> 00:06:58,280
351
+ ุจูŠู‚ู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ load ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ non
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:58,280 --> 00:07:03,500
355
+ contractile element ูุจุฒูŠุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ tension ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:03,500 --> 00:07:08,000
359
+ ุงู„ tension ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ active tension ูู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ู„ุงู„ู€
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:08,000 --> 00:07:11,320
363
+ muscle can develop maximal tension at optimum
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:11,320 --> 00:07:15,380
367
+ length because the thin and thick filaments of the
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:15,380 --> 00:07:19,640
371
+ muscles are overlapped ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชุฏุงุฎู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:19,640 --> 00:07:23,200
375
+ thin ูˆ ุงู„ thick filaments ุงู„ู…ูŠูˆุณูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ุฃูƒุชูŠู†
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:23,200 --> 00:07:29,010
379
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ maximum number of cross bridgingูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:29,010 --> 00:07:35,490
383
+ ูŠุชู… ุชูุนูŠู„ู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุนู…ูŠู‚ ุฃูˆ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:35,490 --> 00:07:37,170
387
+ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:37,170 --> 00:07:37,470
391
+ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:37,470 --> 00:07:40,470
395
+ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:40,470 --> 00:07:47,280
399
+ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ุฃู‚ุตุฑless overlapping ู„ู€myosin
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:47,280 --> 00:07:50,520
403
+ ูˆุงู„ุฃูƒุชูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู€thin and thick filaments of
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:50,520 --> 00:07:54,580
407
+ the muscle ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง less number ู…ู† ุงู„ cross
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:54,580 --> 00:08:02,320
411
+ bridging ุนุฏุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ myosin ูˆุงู„ุฃูƒุชูŠู† ุจูŠู‚ู„ ุทุจุนุง
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:04,310 --> 00:08:08,190
415
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุฏู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ contractile elements ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูู‰
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:08,190 --> 00:08:15,230
419
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ูู‰ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฏู‰ ุงู„ุธุงู‡ุฑุฉ ู…ุงุจุชุจูŠู†ุด ูู‰
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:15,230 --> 00:08:19,730
423
+ ุงู„ mono-articular joint ูŠุนู†ู‰ most one joint muscle
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:19,730 --> 00:08:23,110
427
+ ุฃูˆ mono-articular muscle are not stretched enough
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:23,110 --> 00:08:27,450
431
+ for ุงู„ passive tension ุญุชู‰ ูŠุธู‡ุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุจุฏุงู„ู‡ role ู‡ุฏู‰
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:27,450 --> 00:08:31,070
435
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูู‰ ุงู„ two joint muscle ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‰
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:31,070 --> 00:08:35,400
439
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ B-articular musclesู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:35,400 --> 00:08:41,840
443
+ two joints ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุฃุทูˆู„ ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:41,840 --> 00:08:46,020
447
+ ูƒู„ู†ุง ุฑูุนู†ุง ุฅูŠุฏู†ุง ุงู„ wrist ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ .. ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุฅูŠุฏู†ุง
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:46,020 --> 00:08:50,380
451
+ ุจุงู„ extension wrist extension ูุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ fingers
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:50,380 --> 00:08:56,120
455
+ ุชู„ู‚ุงุฆูŠุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุจุชุชู†ู‰ ู„ูˆ ุฑูˆุญู†ุง ุจุฅูŠุฏู†ุง ุจ wrist
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:56,120 --> 00:09:00,540
459
+ flexion ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ fingers ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง extension ูˆ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:00,540 --> 00:09:04,060
463
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูˆุถุญ ู„ู†ุงุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ passive ูˆ ุงู„ู€ active
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:04,060 --> 00:09:10,680
467
+ tension ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง clinically the influence of pre
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:10,680 --> 00:09:14,400
471
+ contraction stretch can be achieved ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:14,400 --> 00:09:18,840
475
+ ุฌุฒุฆูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุญุณูˆุง ููŠู‡ุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:18,840 --> 00:09:22,660
479
+ ุจู†ุณุฑู‚ ุงุฐุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุฏุฑุณุชูˆุง ุงู„ BNF ุงุฐุง ุจุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ูƒู†ุง
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:22,660 --> 00:09:25,440
483
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจู†ุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ contraction ุจู†ุนู…ู„ sudden
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:25,440 --> 00:09:29,680
487
+ stretch ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ muscle ุนุดุงู† ู†ุฃูˆูŠ ุงู„ contraction
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:29,680 --> 00:09:35,970
491
+ ูˆุทูˆู„ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุงููŠ course of movement ุจู†ุนู…ู„ stretching
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:35,970 --> 00:09:41,250
495
+ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูุจู†ุญูุธ ุงู„ energy ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ุง
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:41,250 --> 00:09:45,070
499
+ ุชุฒู‡ุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ clinically the influence of contraction
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:45,070 --> 00:09:49,370
503
+ stretch can be achieved by applying stretch before
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:49,370 --> 00:09:53,230
507
+ muscle ุชุนู…ู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ stretch reflex ุงุญู†ุง contraction
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:53,230 --> 00:09:56,390
511
+ or by lengthening the muscle during the course of
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:56,390 --> 00:10:01,930
515
+ contractionIn this case, greater amount of tension
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:01,930 --> 00:10:05,670
519
+ can be generated from the non-contractile elements
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:05,670 --> 00:10:12,270
523
+ of the muscle ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ muscle perform more work
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:12,270 --> 00:10:15,710
527
+ when shortened immediately after being stretched
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:15,710 --> 00:10:18,410
531
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ concentric contraction ุจู†ุจู‚ู‰ ุดุฏูŠู†ุง
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:18,410 --> 00:10:22,990
535
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ contraction ูุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฌู‡ุฏ ุนู„ู‰
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:22,990 --> 00:10:28,380
539
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑin the
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:28,380 --> 00:10:33,700
543
+ concentrically contracted state than ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุตุงุฑ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:33,700 --> 00:10:37,320
547
+ ุจุนุฏ shortening ู…ู† isometric contraction ูŠุนู†ูŠ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:37,320 --> 00:10:40,540
551
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุงู† ุงู„ biceps ุจุชุนู…ู„
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:40,540 --> 00:10:43,240
555
+ affliction ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ affliction against
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:43,240 --> 00:10:49,360
559
+ resistance ู„ู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ biceps ูุงุญู†ุงู„ูˆ ุจุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:49,360 --> 00:10:53,280
563
+ .. ุงู„ concentric work ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู† stretch hand ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู†
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:53,280 --> 00:10:57,400
567
+ full extension ู„ู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆ ุนู…ู„ู†ุง stretch ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:57,400 --> 00:11:01,880
571
+ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ูŠู„ุง go ุงุนู…ู„ ุงู„ concentric contraction
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:01,880 --> 00:11:04,860
575
+ ุจู†ุญุณ ุญุงู„ู†ุง ุงู„ contraction ุงู„ู„ู‰ developed ุฃูˆ ุงู„
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:04,860 --> 00:11:09,600
579
+ tension ุงู„ู„ู‰ developedุฃูƒุชุฑ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„ุนุถู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ูƒู…ุงู†
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:09,600 --> 00:11:12,760
583
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู…ู† isometric
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:12,760 --> 00:11:16,800
587
+ contraction ูˆ ู†ูƒู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู†ุต ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู…ุซู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:16,800 --> 00:11:22,460
591
+ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูˆ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ ุงุชู†ูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ this is accounted for
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:23,640 --> 00:11:26,860
595
+ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุฅู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:26,860 --> 00:11:32,240
599
+ ุงู„ุฅู„ุงุณุชูŠูƒูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:32,240 --> 00:11:35,200
603
+ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:35,200 --> 00:11:36,040
607
+ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:36,040 --> 00:11:36,920
611
+ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:36,920 --> 00:11:37,260
615
+ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:37,260 --> 00:11:38,640
619
+ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:38,640 --> 00:11:43,060
623
+ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทู„ุงู‚ ูˆ ุฅุทููŠ ู‡ู†ุง force-time
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:43,060 --> 00:11:46,960
627
+ relationship ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ..
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:46,960 --> 00:11:50,780
631
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุนู„ู†ุง ูˆุจูŠู† ุงู„ timeุŒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:50,780 --> 00:11:53,780
635
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ eccentric contraction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:53,780 --> 00:11:57,440
639
+ lengthening contraction ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ energy ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:11:57,440 --> 00:12:02,420
643
+ ุฃุจุทุฃ ูุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑุทูŠุจ for generated by the
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:02,420 --> 00:12:06,160
647
+ muscle is proportional force generated by the
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:06,160 --> 00:12:09,560
651
+ muscle proportional to the contraction time ูŠุจู‚ู‰
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:09,560 --> 00:12:12,460
655
+ longer the time required for the muscle to
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:12,460 --> 00:12:16,660
659
+ contract a greater the force developed up to the
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:16,660 --> 00:12:19,860
663
+ point of maximal tension ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:19,860 --> 00:12:24,360
667
+ contraction ูˆุตู„ ุขุฎุฑู‡ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ slower contraction ููŠ ุงู„
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:24,360 --> 00:12:29,100
671
+ eccentric ุฒูŠ ุงู„ eccentric workูˆู‡ูŠ ุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ุฃูƒุชุฑ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:29,100 --> 00:12:36,460
675
+ ุฅุฌุฑุงุก ู‚ูˆุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ู…ุณู…ุญ ู„ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ ุฃุทูˆู„ ู…ู†
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:36,460 --> 00:12:44,560
679
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠ ู„ู„ูˆุถุน ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠ ู„ู„ูˆุถุน
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:44,560 --> 00:12:49,760
683
+ ุงู„ุงู†ุชู‚ุงู„ูŠูููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูุฑุตุฉ ู„ูŠุตูŠุฑ generation ู„ู‡ุง force
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:49,760 --> 00:12:53,220
687
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุทุจุนุงู‹ there is a time delay between the
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:53,220 --> 00:12:56,200
691
+ tension developed ููŠ ุงู„ active component
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:12:56,200 --> 00:12:59,600
695
+ ูˆุงู„developed ููŠ ุงู„ non-contractile component ุทุจุนุงู‹
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:12:59,600 --> 00:13:03,960
699
+ ููŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู„ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ twitch ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ contractile ูˆ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:03,960 --> 00:13:09,480
703
+ ุงู„ non-contractile elementsุทุจุนุง ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:09,480 --> 00:13:15,220
707
+ fatigueุŒ ุจู†ุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู‡ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:15,220 --> 00:13:19,520
711
+ contraction ู…ุชูƒุฑุฑุŒ ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุงุญู†ุง
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:19,520 --> 00:13:22,520
715
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุชุจุฏุฃ contraction ูˆ ุชุนู…ู„ release
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:22,520 --> 00:13:28,340
719
+ ู„ู„contractionุŒ ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ATPุงู„ู€ ATP ู„ู‡ ุฃุฏูŠู†ูˆูŠู†
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:28,340 --> 00:13:33,120
723
+ ุฃุฏูŠู†ูˆูŠู† ุงู„ู€ triphosphate ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ chemical substance
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:33,120 --> 00:13:36,260
727
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ synthesis ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:36,260 --> 00:13:40,040
731
+ twitch ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ contraction ุนุดุงู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:40,040 --> 00:13:43,040
735
+ ุชุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง contraction ุจู„ุฒู…ู‡ุง ATP ูˆุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ release
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:43,040 --> 00:13:48,060
739
+ ู„ู„ contraction ุจู„ุฒู…ู‡ุง ATP ูู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:13:48,060 --> 00:13:52,560
743
+ when if a muscle has an adequate supply of oxygen
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:13:52,560 --> 00:13:57,880
747
+ and nutritionthat can be broken down ุนุดุงู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุฐู‡
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:13:57,880 --> 00:14:02,240
751
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงูŠุด metabolism ุงูˆ metabolic process ุจุญุชุงุฌ ุงู„
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:02,240 --> 00:14:06,320
755
+ oxygen ูˆ ุงู„ nutrients ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ nutrients
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:06,320 --> 00:14:11,920
759
+ ู„ ATP can be sustained a series ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ low
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:14:11,920 --> 00:14:18,020
763
+ frequency which is a response for a long time ูŠุนู†ูŠ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:18,020 --> 00:14:22,180
767
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† many activity ุงูˆ many contraction
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:22,180 --> 00:14:28,300
771
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„term ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ long time ุทุจ ุงู„ frequency
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:28,300 --> 00:14:33,360
775
+ must be long enough to allow synthesis ู„ู„ ATP ูŠุจู‚ู‰
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:33,360 --> 00:14:37,640
779
+ ุงู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุฐุง ุจุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุงุญู†ุง ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุชุนู„ูŠู…ุงุชู†ุง
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:37,640 --> 00:14:40,680
783
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุนู…ู„ contraction ูˆ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู…ุถุงุนู ู„ู„
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:40,680 --> 00:14:44,460
787
+ release ู„ู„ contraction ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนุทูŠ ูุฑุตุฉ ู„ู„ ATP ุงู†ู‡
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:14:44,460 --> 00:14:50,220
791
+ ูŠุชุนูˆุฏ ูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ synthesis ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉThe frequency of
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:14:50,220 --> 00:14:53,440
795
+ the stimulation increases more than the rate of
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:14:53,440 --> 00:14:57,620
799
+ ATP replacement ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู†ุง ุชูƒุฑุงุฑ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:14:57,620 --> 00:14:59,800
803
+ contraction
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:03,870 --> 00:15:08,590
807
+ ุนููˆุง ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ ATP ูุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ ูŠ ..
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:08,590 --> 00:15:11,910
811
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠู‚ู„ ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู†ุนุฏู… ุงู„ ATP ูุจูŠู†ุนุฏู… ุจุนุฏู‡ุง ุงู„
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:11,910 --> 00:15:15,090
815
+ contractionุŒ ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠุด ู‚ุฏุฑุฉุŒ ุจุตูŠุฑ drop in the
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:15,090 --> 00:15:18,670
819
+ tension followed by a prolonged stimulation of
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:18,670 --> 00:15:23,490
823
+ muscle ุจุชุณู…ูŠู‡ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ muscle fatigue
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:15:26,280 --> 00:15:29,240
827
+ ุงู„ู€ muscle fatigue ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชู†ุชุฌ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ metabolic
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:15:29,240 --> 00:15:32,820
831
+ process ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑู„ู‡ failureุŒ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑุŒ ู‡ูŠ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:15:32,820 --> 00:15:37,040
835
+ ุฃุณุงุณุง physiological mechanism ุจุช .. ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:15:37,040 --> 00:15:40,500
839
+ neurotransmitter ุฃูˆ neuromuscular systemุŒ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:15:40,500 --> 00:15:44,400
843
+ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ contraction ุทุจ ุฅุฐุง ูุด ATP ูƒูุงูŠุฉุŒ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:15:44,400 --> 00:15:47,820
847
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠุด ุนู†ุง ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุด ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:15:47,820 --> 00:15:52,680
851
+ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ contractionู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ exercise
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:15:52,680 --> 00:15:57,180
855
+ when an exercising muscle begins to fatigueุŒ a
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:15:57,180 --> 00:16:00,640
859
+ rest period allows this muscle to resume its
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:00,640 --> 00:16:04,120
863
+ normal performance levelุŒ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ู…ุชุนูˆุฏูŠู†
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:04,120 --> 00:16:07,960
867
+ ููŠู‡ during exercising ู„ our patient or ourselves
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:07,960 --> 00:16:11,960
871
+ as wellุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุทูŠ ูˆู‚ุช ู„ู„ rest ู‚ุฏ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ุฃูˆ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:11,960 --> 00:16:18,050
875
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ูˆู‚ุช ุงู„ contraction ู†ูุณู‡ุงู„ู‚ุถุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:18,050 --> 00:16:24,450
879
+ ูŠุชุทู„ุจู‡ ูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูˆุงู„ุถุฑูˆุฑุฉ ูˆุงู†ุชุตุงุฑ ุงู„ุชุฏุฎู„ ุญุณุจ
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:16:24,450 --> 00:16:27,070
883
+ ุงู„ุชุฏุฎู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ example
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:16:27,070 --> 00:16:31,470
887
+ ุงู„ุจุณูŠุท ู‡ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู†ู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:16:31,470 --> 00:16:37,990
891
+ ุญู…ู„ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ box ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุงูˆ ุดู†ุทุฉ ุชู‚ูŠู„ุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:16:37,990 --> 00:16:41,670
895
+ ุญู…ู„ู†ุงู‡ุง short duration ูุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ recovery ูƒู…ุงู†
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:16:41,670 --> 00:16:45,950
899
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุชุงุฎุฏ short duration as secondู„ูˆ ุญู…ู„ู†ุง ูุชุฑุฉ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:16:45,950 --> 00:16:51,250
903
+ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุญู…ู„ู†ุง ูƒูŠุณ ู…ุซู„ุง ูˆู…ุดูŠู†ุง ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูˆุงุฑ ุทูˆูŠู„ ุงู‡
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:16:51,250 --> 00:16:56,150
907
+ ูุจู†ุญุชุงุฌ ูˆู‚ุช ุงุทูˆู„ ู„ุงู†ุนุงูˆุฏ ุงู† ู†ุชุฎู„ุต ู…ู† ุงู„ fatigue
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:16:56,150 --> 00:17:00,630
911
+ ability ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑุช ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ muscle that is
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:00,630 --> 00:17:05,250
915
+ rapidly fatigued by high intensity and short
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:05,250 --> 00:17:08,690
919
+ duration exercise recovered after a rest of
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:08,690 --> 00:17:12,130
923
+ seconds or minutes ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง prolonged
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:13,200 --> 00:17:16,980
927
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูุชุฑุฉ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ muscle that is slowly fatigued by
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:17:16,980 --> 00:17:20,920
931
+ low intensity long duration exercise ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:17:20,920 --> 00:17:26,400
935
+ ุจู†ุญุชุงุฌ ู„ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุง recovery
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:17:26,400 --> 00:17:31,440
939
+ ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู† .. ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ุง
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:17:31,440 --> 00:17:35,500
943
+ ุจุนุชุจุฑู‡ ู…ุนู‚ุฏ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุง ู‡ูˆ ุณู‡ู„ ุดุฑุญู‡ ุนู„ู‰ .. ุจู‡ุฐู‡
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:17:35,500 --> 00:17:39,200
947
+ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉุŒ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุญุงูˆู„ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Turk ุฃูˆ ุงู„
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:17:39,200 --> 00:17:42,980
951
+ moment ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฒู… ุงู„ุฅุฒุฏูˆุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:17:42,980 --> 00:17:48,320
955
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ Turk ู‡ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑูู‡ ุงู„ุนุฒู…The
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:17:48,320 --> 00:17:51,640
959
+ ability of the muscle to rotate the segment around
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:17:51,640 --> 00:17:54,920
963
+ the joint ู‡ู„ู‚ุช ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุงุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:17:54,920 --> 00:18:01,880
967
+ contraction ุฅู†ู‡ุง ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุชุฒูˆุฏู„ูŠ ุงู„ .. ุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:18:01,880 --> 00:18:07,620
971
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุฃูˆ ุชู‚ุฑุจ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:18:07,620 --> 00:18:10,980
975
+ ุนุดุงู† ุฃุนู…ู„ muscle contraction ููŠ ุงู„ biceps ุฃู†ุง ุจู„ุฒู…
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:18:10,980 --> 00:18:15,450
979
+ ุฅู†ู‡ ุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ decreasing ู„ู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ููŠ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:18:15,450 --> 00:18:19,310
983
+ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ reflection ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุจุนุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:18:19,310 --> 00:18:24,390
987
+ ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุงู„ extension ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:18:24,390 --> 00:18:27,530
991
+ reflection ู…ูŠุฉ ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑูŠู† ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:18:27,530 --> 00:18:30,790
995
+ reflection ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุฏู†ุง
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:18:30,790 --> 00:18:34,650
999
+ ู†ูู‡ู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ torque ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงูŠุดุŸ ุงู„ุนุฒู… ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:18:34,650 --> 00:18:39,870
1003
+ ุนู† ุงู„ force ุงู„ force ุถุฑุจ ุนุฒู… ุงู„ุงุฒุฏูˆุงุฌ ุงูˆ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:18:39,870 --> 00:18:44,940
1007
+ moment of arm ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฐุฑุงุน ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉุทูŠุจ ุงู„ force ู‚ุฏุงุด
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:18:44,940 --> 00:18:49,400
1011
+ ููŠู‡ exerted force ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูˆ ู‚ุฏุงุด ููŠู‡ ุฐุฑุงุน ู„ู‡ุฏูŠ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:18:49,400 --> 00:18:53,280
1015
+ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉุŒ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ attachment ู‡ุฏุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุจุนูŠุฏ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:18:53,280 --> 00:18:59,180
1019
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ..ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ูˆู‡ู†ุง
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:18:59,180 --> 00:19:03,240
1023
+ ุงู„ .. ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ direction of
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:19:03,240 --> 00:19:06,920
1027
+ rotation ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ force ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุช .. ุจุช .. ุจุชุณุงุนุฏู‡ุง
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:19:06,920 --> 00:19:10,400
1031
+ ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุฅูŠู‡ุŸ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:19:10,400 --> 00:19:13,200
1035
+ torque ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุงุฒู„ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ force ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุถุฑูˆุจุฉ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:19:13,200 --> 00:19:17,000
1039
+ ุจุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ Falcon ุชุจุนู†ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:19:17,000 --> 00:19:21,700
1043
+ torque arm ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุฐุฑุงุน ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:19:21,700 --> 00:19:25,480
1047
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุจุชู†ุถุฑุจ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ููŠ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ูุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุนุฒู…
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:19:25,480 --> 00:19:31,580
1051
+ ุงู„ุฅุฒุฏูˆุงุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุงุจู†ุจุชุบูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุณุงูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู€
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:19:31,580 --> 00:19:34,780
1055
+ Torque Angle Curve ุทุจุนุงู‹ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ู†ูˆุน ุชู„ุช ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ููŠ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:19:34,780 --> 00:19:37,940
1059
+ ุนู†ุง ุงู„ Ascending Relationship ูˆุนู†ุง ุงู„ Descending
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:19:37,940 --> 00:19:41,980
1063
+ Relationship ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงู„ Ascending and Descending
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:19:41,980 --> 00:19:47,640
1067
+ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุนุฒู… ุฃูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠู‚ู„
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:19:47,640 --> 00:19:51,640
1071
+ ุทุจุนุง ุฏูŠ ุฅุนู„ุงู†ู‚ุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ Torque ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ Joint Angle
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:19:51,640 --> 00:19:57,750
1075
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุญุตู„ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู„ูŠุฉุฃูˆ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:19:57,750 --> 00:20:02,890
1079
+ ู‚ุงู…ุช ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Ascending relation ุงู„ู€ joint
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:20:02,890 --> 00:20:07,490
1083
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ joint ankle ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ torque ูŠุจู‚ู‰ in
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:20:07,490 --> 00:20:10,510
1087
+ this case ุฒู‰ ุงู„ knee flexor ููŠู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ hip
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:20:10,510 --> 00:20:16,110
1091
+ adductors ุนุถู„ุงุช ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูู‡ู‰ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนุฒู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูƒู„
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:20:16,110 --> 00:20:21,010
1095
+ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ุนุฒู… ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ torque
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:20:21,010 --> 00:20:25,300
1099
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุงุงู„ู€ descending ู„ุฃ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุถู„ุงุช ุนู†ุง ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:20:25,300 --> 00:20:30,020
1103
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ as the joint angle increase ุงู„ torque ุจุตูŠุฑ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:20:30,020 --> 00:20:34,840
1107
+ ููŠู‡ decrease ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:20:34,840 --> 00:20:41,730
1111
+ ุนูƒุณูŠุฉุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ hip abductors ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ gluteus medius ูˆ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:20:41,730 --> 00:20:44,870
1115
+ ุงู„ internal .. the internal torque of the muscle
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:20:44,870 --> 00:20:48,150
1119
+ is the greatest at the frontal planeุŒ ุงู„ angle
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:20:48,150 --> 00:20:53,130
1123
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ minus ุนุดุฑุฉ degree towards abduction
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:20:55,870 --> 00:20:59,230
1127
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุจูŠูˆุถุญ ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ascending
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:20:59,230 --> 00:21:03,690
1131
+ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุนูˆุฏ ุจุชู‚ู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู†
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:21:03,690 --> 00:21:08,250
1135
+ descending ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ascending ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:21:08,250 --> 00:21:12,370
1139
+ ุดูˆููˆุง ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ angle ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:21:12,370 --> 00:21:16,830
1143
+ torqueIn ascending descending relationship ููŠ ุงู„
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:21:16,830 --> 00:21:19,530
1147
+ elbow joint ุงู„ elbow flexor ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:21:19,530 --> 00:21:23,510
1151
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ biceps ุงู„ first part of the range
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:21:23,510 --> 00:21:26,610
1155
+ of the joint movement as the joint of flexion
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:21:26,610 --> 00:21:31,690
1159
+ increase ุงู„ elbow flexor torque ุจุฒูŠุฏ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:21:31,690 --> 00:21:35,690
1163
+ part ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ degrees in the muscle length and
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:21:35,690 --> 00:21:39,970
1167
+ increase in the muscle in the moment arm ุจุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:21:39,970 --> 00:21:43,570
1171
+ moment armููŠ ุงู„ู€ internal torque of the elbow
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:21:43,570 --> 00:21:50,410
1175
+ flexorุŒ greatest at 75 ุฏุฑุฌุฉ of inflection ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:21:50,410 --> 00:21:53,730
1179
+ second partุŒ ู‡ุงู„ู‚ุชุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ 75ุŒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:21:53,730 --> 00:21:57,710
1183
+ ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ูˆุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ torque ููŠู‡ุง ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุง ุฒุงู„ ูƒูˆูŠุณุŒ ููŠ ุงู„
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:21:57,710 --> 00:22:00,510
1187
+ .. ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุญู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ second partุŒ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:22:00,510 --> 00:22:04,370
1191
+ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชู‚ุณุฑ ุฎูŠูˆุท ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ the range of movement
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:22:04,370 --> 00:22:08,080
1195
+ as the joint angle increase ุงู„ torqueุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:22:08,080 --> 00:22:11,740
1199
+ decrease other example ููŠ ุงู„ body ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:22:11,740 --> 00:22:18,500
1203
+ extension of the knee ูˆ ุงู„ extension of the elbow
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:22:20,040 --> 00:22:25,360
1207
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู…ุŸ ุจู†ุณุชููŠุฏ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุจุนุถ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:22:25,360 --> 00:22:29,960
1211
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุงุช ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ู‚ู„ู… ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ู… ุจุงู„ู€
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:22:29,960 --> 00:22:36,040
1215
+ hip ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุทุจุงุก ุจูŠุฑูˆุญูˆุง ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠู„ุนุจูˆุง
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:22:36,040 --> 00:22:41,840
1219
+ ุจุงู„ .. ุงู„ greater ุฃูˆ ุงู„ attachment ุชุจุน ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:22:41,840 --> 00:22:47,900
1223
+ surgical displacement of the greater atrocantar to
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:22:47,900 --> 00:22:48,760
1227
+ increase
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:22:53,530 --> 00:22:59,330
1231
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุชู‚ู„ูŠุฌูŠุงุช ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:22:59,330 --> 00:23:05,130
1235
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ ู„ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญุชุงุฌุฉ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:23:05,130 --> 00:23:08,370
1239
+ ู„ุฅูŠุฌุงุฏ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:23:09,380 --> 00:23:13,400
1243
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ attachment
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:23:13,400 --> 00:23:17,540
1247
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ greater retro counter ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุนุฒู…
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:23:17,540 --> 00:23:21,400
1251
+ ู‡ู†ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ .. ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุฏุฑุงุนูŠ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ูƒู„
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:23:21,400 --> 00:23:26,000
1255
+ ู…ุง ู†ุถุฑุจ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ force ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:23:26,000 --> 00:23:31,580
1259
+ ุงู„ contraction ุฃู‚ู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชู†ุถุฑุจ ุจุงู„ movement arm
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:23:31,580 --> 00:23:36,710
1263
+ ูุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ูู‡ูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„ูˆุฌุน ูู‡ู… ุจูŠู„ุนุจูˆุง ุจูŠุญุฑูƒูˆุงููŠ ุงู„ู€
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:23:36,710 --> 00:23:40,110
1267
+ attachment ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ as a consequence of the
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:23:40,110 --> 00:23:44,110
1271
+ decreased hip abductor force can reduce the force
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:23:44,110 --> 00:23:47,650
1275
+ generated across the unstable or painful hip joint
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:23:47,650 --> 00:23:51,510
1279
+ which considered a means of protection of the
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:23:51,510 --> 00:23:56,450
1283
+ joint from damaging force ููŠ ุงู„ุจุชู„ูŠูƒุชูˆู…ูŠ following
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:23:56,450 --> 00:24:00,050
1287
+ severe fracture ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุจูŠู‚ุน ุดุฎุต ู…ุซู„ุง ุนู„ู‰
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:24:00,050 --> 00:24:04,890
1291
+ ุฑูƒุจุชู‡ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ fracture ููŠ ุงู„ุจุชู„ุฉ
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:24:05,360 --> 00:24:09,140
1295
+ Internal moment arm lead to an increase in the
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:24:09,140 --> 00:24:14,340
1299
+ amount of knee extensor ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃู†ู‡ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฑุจุนูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:24:14,340 --> 00:24:18,680
1303
+ ุงู„ quadriceps ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ูŠ ุงู„
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:24:18,680 --> 00:24:24,020
1307
+ extensionุŒ ุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ูู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูŠ wear and tear ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:24:24,020 --> 00:24:30,700
1311
+ knee jointู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงู…ุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ velocity
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:24:30,700 --> 00:24:34,540
1315
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉุŒ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงุญู†ุง measured by
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:24:34,540 --> 00:24:39,980
1319
+ centimeter per secondู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุงู„ muscle defined
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:24:39,980 --> 00:24:43,260
1323
+ ุงู„ velocity of the muscle is defined as ุงู„ rate of
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:24:43,260 --> 00:24:46,880
1327
+ changing in muscle length ูƒุฏู‡ุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ rate
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:24:46,880 --> 00:24:51,240
1331
+ ู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ุงู„ length of the muscle ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ force
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:24:51,240 --> 00:24:54,680
1335
+ velocity relationship ุจู†ุดูˆู ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงู„
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:24:54,680 --> 00:24:57,120
1339
+ force ูˆ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ length ููŠ ุงู„ isometric
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:24:57,120 --> 00:25:03,080
1343
+ contraction ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุตูุฑzero velocity ู„ูŠุด ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ููŠ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:25:03,080 --> 00:25:08,380
1347
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุทูˆู„ ูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูˆ ุงู„ุนุฒู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:25:08,380 --> 00:25:15,510
1351
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุณูุฑูŠุจู‚ู‰ at the velocity of .. ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ู‚ุตุฏ ุตูุฑ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:25:15,510 --> 00:25:19,450
1355
+ at the velocity of the shortening increase ุงู„
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:25:19,450 --> 00:25:23,790
1359
+ amount of torque will decrease ุงู„ torque ุฅุฐุง ุฒุงุฏุช
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:25:23,790 --> 00:25:26,630
1363
+ ุงู„ุณุฑุนุฉ ุจูŠู‚ู„ ุงู„ torque ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ููŠ ุงู„
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:25:26,630 --> 00:25:30,650
1367
+ concentric contraction ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูˆ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:25:30,650 --> 00:25:34,330
1371
+ ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง .. ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ ุณุฑุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ at zero
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:25:34,330 --> 00:25:37,010
1375
+ velocity ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ contraction ุงู„ muscle can
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:25:37,010 --> 00:25:43,190
1379
+ produce high torque ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:25:43,190 --> 00:25:49,510
1383
+ ุงู„ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ isometric contraction ูู„ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุงู„
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:25:49,510 --> 00:25:55,350
1387
+ lengthening ู‡ุชุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ at high velocity or
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:25:55,350 --> 00:25:59,330
1391
+ in case of concentric contraction ุงู„ muscle
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:25:59,330 --> 00:26:04,650
1395
+ produces lower torque ุฃู‚ู„ torque than in case of
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:26:04,650 --> 00:26:07,910
1399
+ isometric contraction
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:26:10,790 --> 00:26:15,550
1403
+ ุฅุฐุง ุฒุฑุน ุงู„ุณุฑุนุงุช ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ุชุฑู‚ ุงู„ู…ุถู…ูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุถู…ูˆู† ุชุชุฎู„ุต
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:26:15,550 --> 00:26:22,970
1407
+ ุญุชู‰ ูŠูˆุตู„ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู‚ู„ ููŠ ุฃู‚ู„ ุณุฑุนุงุช ูˆุจุชูˆุตู„ ุงู„ุณูุฑ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:26:22,970 --> 00:26:28,990
1411
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ุณุฑุนุงุช ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ุถู…ูˆู† ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ุงู„ู…ุถู…ูˆู† ูŠุชุฎู„ุต
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:26:28,990 --> 00:26:33,390
1415
+ ุงู„ู…ุถู…ูˆู† ู…ู† ุชุฑู‚ ุฃุนู„ู‰than in case of isometric
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:26:33,390 --> 00:26:37,630
1419
+ contraction ุฅุฐุง ุงู„ velocity of the contraction ู‡ู†ุง
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:26:37,630 --> 00:26:44,690
1423
+ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ torque ุจุชู‚ู„ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ torque ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:26:44,690 --> 00:26:48,490
1427
+ ุงู„ torque ุจุตูŠุฑ maximum ููŠ ุงู„ minimum velocity
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:26:48,490 --> 00:26:52,750
1431
+ ูˆุฅุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ exertion ู„ู‚ูˆุฉ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:26:52,750 --> 00:26:56,070
1435
+ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ eccentric contraction than ุงู„
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:26:56,070 --> 00:27:05,250
1439
+ concentric contraction ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุงุงู„ุชูŠุฑุจ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู†ุฑูˆุญ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:27:05,250 --> 00:27:09,610
1443
+ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ุงู„ power ุฃูˆ ุงู„ muscle power ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:27:09,610 --> 00:27:13,810
1447
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ rate of doing work ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:27:13,810 --> 00:27:18,790
1451
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ and is expressed as the product of force,
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:27:19,530 --> 00:27:24,160
1455
+ time, contraction, velocityูƒูŠู ุจู†ุนุจุฑ ุนู†ู‡ุง ุจุงู„
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:27:24,160 --> 00:27:29,960
1459
+ equation ุงู„ power ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ work ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ time ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:27:29,960 --> 00:27:34,140
1463
+ ุงู„ work output that is a muscle must be able to
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:27:34,140 --> 00:27:39,940
1467
+ contract forcibly and with high velocity to have a
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:27:39,940 --> 00:27:45,870
1471
+ higher power outputูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ู‚ุณ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:27:45,870 --> 00:27:51,270
1475
+ ุจู‚ุฏุงุด ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ุŒ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ output ุชุจุนู‡ุงุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:27:51,270 --> 00:27:58,580
1479
+ ุงู„ work ุชุนู†ูŠู„ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ work ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ timeุทุจ
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:27:58,580 --> 00:28:01,780
1483
+ ุงู„ work ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ุจู†ุนุจู‘ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ equation ุงู„ force
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:28:01,780 --> 00:28:06,280
1487
+ ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ distance ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ power ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ force ุถุฑุจ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:28:06,280 --> 00:28:08,900
1491
+ ุงู„ distance ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ time ุงู„ distance ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ time
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:28:08,900 --> 00:28:12,320
1495
+ ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ velocity ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ power ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:28:12,320 --> 00:28:16,730
1499
+ ุจุชุณุงูˆูŠ ุงู„ force ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ velocityููŠู†ุง ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:28:16,730 --> 00:28:20,210
1503
+ work ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉุŒ ุงู„ positive work ูˆ ุงู„
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:28:20,210 --> 00:28:23,750
1507
+ negative workุŒ ุทุจ ุงู„ positive work ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:28:23,750 --> 00:28:29,490
1511
+ ุงูŠุดุŸ ู‡ูˆ contract .. contraction against ุงู„ load
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:28:30,510 --> 00:28:33,090
1515
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนูŠู†ุฉ concentric ุฃู†ุง ุญุงู…ู„ุฉ ุจุฅูŠุฏูŠ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:28:33,090 --> 00:28:37,370
1519
+ ู…ุซู„ุง dumbbell ูˆ ุจุนู…ู„ biceps concentric contraction
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:28:37,370 --> 00:28:41,230
1523
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ retina of positive work ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง power
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:28:41,230 --> 00:28:46,680
1527
+ production ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจู‚ูˆูŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุทุจุนุงุŸุฃู…ุง ุงู„
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:28:46,680 --> 00:28:49,080
1531
+ negative work ุจุฑูˆุญ ููŠู‡ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ eccentric
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:28:49,080 --> 00:28:52,480
1535
+ contraction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง suppose ุงู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุญุงู…ู„ุฉ ุจุฅูŠุฏูŠ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:28:52,480 --> 00:28:58,100
1539
+ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ูˆ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุจุญุงูˆู„ ุฃู†ุฒู„ู‡ู… ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ..
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:28:58,100 --> 00:29:01,500
1543
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฌู†ุจูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ุง ู…ู† biceps contraction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:29:01,500 --> 00:29:04,980
1547
+ ุงู†ุง ู…ุงุณูƒุฉ ุจ friction of the elbow ูˆ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ุจู†ุฒู„ ู‡ู†ุง
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:29:04,980 --> 00:29:08,860
1551
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ slowly ูˆ ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง storage ู„ู„ energy
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:29:08,860 --> 00:29:12,260
1555
+ ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ุจุนู…ู„ eccentric work ูุจุชุณู…ู‰ power
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:29:12,260 --> 00:29:18,710
1559
+ absorption ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ negative workุทุจุนุง during the
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:29:18,710 --> 00:29:22,430
1563
+ isometric contraction ุงู„ muscle experience
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:29:22,430 --> 00:29:29,230
1567
+ metabolic work ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฌู…ุน ู„ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:29:29,230 --> 00:29:34,830
1571
+ ุงู„ุฏู… ูˆ ุงู„ nutrition because the activation of the
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:29:34,830 --> 00:29:39,020
1575
+ muscle involved expenditure to energy ATPbut no
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:29:39,020 --> 00:29:42,560
1579
+ mechanical work is produced ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ุญุฑูƒุฉ
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:29:42,560 --> 00:29:46,080
1583
+ mechanical work ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠุด ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุตุญ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:29:46,080 --> 00:29:50,160
1587
+ isometric contraction ู„ .. ุงู‡ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุงููŠ ..
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:29:50,160 --> 00:29:54,320
1591
+ ู…ุงููŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ ATP ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ ATP ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:29:54,320 --> 00:30:00,020
1595
+ ููŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุชุนุฑุถ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจุฏู†ุง ATP ู„ูƒู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ู…ุงููŠุด
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:30:00,020 --> 00:30:00,980
1599
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:30:04,640 --> 00:30:09,040
1603
+ ุงู„ุฑูˆุญ ู„ุฃุฎุฑ ุฅุดูŠ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ู‰ ุงู„ muscle length ู‡ูˆ
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:30:09,040 --> 00:30:14,680
1607
+ ูƒูŠู ุงุญู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุฃุซุฑ ุงู„ muscle sorry ุงู„ muscle
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:30:14,680 --> 00:30:18,080
1611
+ strength ูƒูŠู ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ improving ู„ู„ muscle
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:30:18,080 --> 00:30:21,340
1615
+ strength ูˆูƒูŠู ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ู‡ุงุฏ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู†
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:30:21,340 --> 00:30:25,060
1619
+ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ู„ุฃ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ muscle strength is the maximum
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:30:25,060 --> 00:30:30,060
1623
+ amount of force exerted by the muscle ู‚ุฏุงุด ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:30:30,060 --> 00:30:36,030
1627
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฅุดูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุญู…ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ muscle
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:30:36,030 --> 00:30:39,570
1631
+ length ุจุชุงุนูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุฏูŠุด ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุญู…ู„ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูƒูŠู„ูˆุŒ ุนุดุฑุฉ
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:30:39,570 --> 00:30:43,770
1635
+ ูƒูŠู„ูˆุŒ ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุจุงู„ bicepsุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง muscle
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:30:43,770 --> 00:30:46,770
1639
+ strength ู‡ูˆ directly proportional to the
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:30:46,770 --> 00:30:50,270
1643
+ physiological across section due to physiological
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:30:50,270 --> 00:30:54,140
1647
+ hypertrophicityุฒูŠ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Quadriceps ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:30:54,140 --> 00:30:58,000
1651
+ ุนุถู„ุฉ .. ู‡ูŠ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฑุจุนูŠุฉ ูˆ ุนุถู„ุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ diameter
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:30:58,000 --> 00:31:01,960
1655
+ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ hypertrophicity ู‡ู†ุง increase
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:31:01,960 --> 00:31:05,920
1659
+ ุงู„ muscle size ุจุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ muscle size ูˆ it's usually
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:31:05,920 --> 00:31:11,940
1663
+ additional 30 ู„ 60% ุจุฒูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุจุงู„ .. ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:31:11,940 --> 00:31:15,940
1667
+ ู…ู† 30 ู„ 60% ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ exercise ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:31:15,940 --> 00:31:19,720
1671
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู‡ู†ุงhypertrophicity ู„ู„ู€ fibers of the
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:31:19,720 --> 00:31:22,400
1675
+ muscle ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุนุฏุฏู‡ุง ู…ุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ู‡ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:31:22,400 --> 00:31:26,600
1679
+ ููŠู‡ุง trophicity ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:31:26,600 --> 00:31:30,260
1683
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุจุชุนู…ู„ activity activity
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:31:30,260 --> 00:31:35,360
1687
+ ู…ุงุจุชุนู…ู„ุด activation ู„ูƒู„ ุงู„ fibers ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ the
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:31:35,360 --> 00:31:38,920
1691
+ stronger muscle are not acting wholly but part act
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:31:38,920 --> 00:31:42,520
1695
+ and other part are rest ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฏู‡ this permit
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:31:42,520 --> 00:31:45,960
1699
+ early recovery and allow individual to do more for
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:31:45,960 --> 00:31:49,230
1703
+ longer periodof time ุงู„ุนุงุฏู„ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูุจุณุชุฎุฏู…
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:31:49,230 --> 00:31:55,090
1707
+ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ุงู„ fibers ูˆ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุฌุฒุก ูˆ ู…ุจุฏู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ุทุจุนุง
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:31:55,090 --> 00:31:57,990
1711
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง muscle endurance ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:31:57,990 --> 00:32:00,770
1715
+ ุตุงุฑู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง muscle power ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง muscle
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:32:00,770 --> 00:32:06,570
1719
+ strength ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง muscle endurance ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:32:06,570 --> 00:32:11,760
1723
+ strength ู‚ุฏุงุด ู‚ุฏุฑุชู†ุงุฅู† ู†ุดูŠู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุดุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:32:11,760 --> 00:32:16,740
1727
+ ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ endurance ู‚ุฏุงุด ุฅุญู†ุง ููŠู†ุง ู†ุณุชู…ุฑ ูˆ ุฅุญู†ุง
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:32:16,740 --> 00:32:19,940
1731
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ุดุฑุท ุฃู†ุง ุฃุญู…ู„ ุฎู…ุณุชุงุดุฑ
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:32:19,940 --> 00:32:23,460
1735
+ ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃุญู…ู„ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูƒูŠู„ูˆ ูˆ ุฃุณุชู…ุฑ ู„ู…ุฏุฉ ุณุงุนุฉ ูˆ ุฃู†ุง
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:32:23,460 --> 00:32:26,900
1739
+ ุจู…ุฑุฑ ุฅูŠุฏูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ the ability of the muscle to
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:32:26,900 --> 00:32:31,620
1743
+ exert force repeatedly over a period of time ุจุฏูŠ
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:32:31,620 --> 00:32:36,820
1747
+ ูˆู‚ุช ุฃู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ุฃุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ุงู„ู€ endurance training
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:32:36,820 --> 00:32:41,300
1751
+ involve enhancement of muscle energy supply rather
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:32:41,300 --> 00:32:45,000
1755
+ than its size ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุงู‡ุชู… ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงู„ endurance ุฃู†ุง
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:32:45,000 --> 00:32:48,540
1759
+ ุจุฏูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ energy supply ุฒูŠ ุงู„ ATP ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:32:48,540 --> 00:32:52,640
1763
+ ุจุฏูŠ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ุญุฌู… ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ strength ู„ูƒู†
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:32:52,640 --> 00:32:56,380
1767
+ ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุนู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ุทุงู‚ุฉ ุฃู†ุง ูƒูŠู ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุณุชู…ุฑ ููŠ
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:32:56,380 --> 00:33:00,490
1771
+ long term ุฃูˆ long period of exercisingูŠุจู‚ู‰
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:33:00,490 --> 00:33:05,510
1775
+ endurance is related to increase in muscle
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:33:05,510 --> 00:33:09,430
1779
+ myoglobin concentration capillary number and
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:33:09,430 --> 00:33:15,250
1783
+ mitochondrial size and number ู‡ู†ุง ู„ุฅู† ุฃู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:33:15,250 --> 00:33:19,410
1787
+ ู…ุนู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„ metabolism ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ู…ุนู†ูŠุฉ ุจุงู„
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:33:19,410 --> 00:33:24,580
1791
+ strength ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ุญุฌู…ูŠุจู‚ู‰ trained muscle is not easy
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:33:24,580 --> 00:33:28,340
1795
+ to fatigue because it utilize more effective
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:33:28,340 --> 00:33:33,920
1799
+ metabolic reaction at the muscle is oxygenated
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:33:33,920 --> 00:33:39,040
1803
+ through the conditions of cardiovascular and
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:33:39,040 --> 00:33:42,460
1807
+ respiratory systemุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ cardiovascular and
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:33:42,460 --> 00:33:46,480
1811
+ respiratory systemู‡ู…ุง ู…ุตุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ู€ Oxygen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:33:46,480 --> 00:33:50,860
1815
+ ูŠูŠุฌูŠ ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ metabolism ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฏู…
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:33:50,860 --> 00:33:56,460
1819
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุณู„ู‡ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ู„ุฃุฌุฒุงุก ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุทุจุนุง
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:33:56,460 --> 00:34:01,310
1823
+ ุงู„ elasticity ุงุดูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู…ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ capacity
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:34:01,310 --> 00:34:04,950
1827
+ to lengthen the muscle sufficiently to move the
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:34:04,950 --> 00:34:08,030
1831
+ joint throughout its range of motionุŒ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงุญู†ุง
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:34:08,030 --> 00:34:12,330
1835
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ูุฑุถ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูˆ ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:34:12,330 --> 00:34:20,010
1839
+ ุงู„ุฑุฌูˆุน ู„ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ stretch ุฃูˆ ุงู„ lengtheningูŠุจู‚ู‰
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:34:20,010 --> 00:34:23,450
1843
+ elasticity can be improved by decreasing
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:34:23,450 --> 00:34:27,290
1847
+ resistance of thigh musc tight muscle using static
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:34:27,290 --> 00:34:31,430
1851
+ or dynamic stretch techniques or by increasing the
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:34:31,430 --> 00:34:34,130
1855
+ strength of the antagonist ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุฃู†ุง ุจุดุฏ
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:34:34,130 --> 00:34:37,930
1859
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุก ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจุฃูˆู„ ุนุถู„ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ุฃู†ุง
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:34:37,930 --> 00:34:42,480
1863
+ ุฃู‚ุฏุฑ ุฃุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ elasticity ุชุจุนุชู‡ุงas the muscle is
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:34:42,480 --> 00:34:47,500
1867
+ viscoelasticุŒ ุงู„ู€ elastic properity permits spring
1868
+
1869
+ 468
1870
+ 00:34:47,500 --> 00:34:51,220
1871
+ -like behavior ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฎู„ู‘ูŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุชุฑุฌุน ู„ู„ original
1872
+
1873
+ 469
1874
+ 00:34:51,220 --> 00:34:56,060
1875
+ link ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุตุงุฑ ู„ู‡ุง stretchingุŒ ุทุจุนุง
1876
+
1877
+ 470
1878
+ 00:34:56,060 --> 00:34:58,960
1879
+ ุงู„viscosity ุฃูˆ ุงู„viscosity properity ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
1880
+
1881
+ 471
1882
+ 00:34:58,960 --> 00:35:02,680
1883
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง plasticityto permanent or permanent
1884
+
1885
+ 472
1886
+ 00:35:02,680 --> 00:35:07,060
1887
+ deformation ู‚ุจู„ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุจูŠู† ุงู„
1888
+
1889
+ 473
1890
+ 00:35:07,060 --> 00:35:11,260
1891
+ plasticity ูˆ ุงู„ elasticity ุงู„ elasticity ู‡ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡
1892
+
1893
+ 474
1894
+ 00:35:11,260 --> 00:35:15,480
1895
+ ูŠุฑุฌุน ุงู„ุฃุดูŠ ุฅู„ู‰ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ tension ุฃูˆ ู…ุง ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„
1896
+
1897
+ 475
1898
+ 00:35:15,480 --> 00:35:20,500
1899
+ stretchingูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู‚ุงุทุนุฉ ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ุฑุฌุนุช ู„ูˆุถุนู‡ุง ูุฏูŠ
1900
+
1901
+ 476
1902
+ 00:35:20,500 --> 00:35:24,180
1903
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฃุณู…ู‡ุง elasticity ุดุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุซู„ุง ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠู„
1904
+
1905
+ 477
1906
+ 00:35:24,180 --> 00:35:28,640
1907
+ ุฃูˆ ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงุณุชุฎุฏู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ
1908
+
1909
+ 478
1910
+ 00:35:28,640 --> 00:35:32,200
1911
+ ุฃุณู…ู‡ุง plasticity ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง permanent deformation
1912
+
1913
+ 479
1914
+ 00:35:32,200 --> 00:35:37,600
1915
+ ูˆุจุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ length ุชุจุนู‡ุงุจุนุฏูŠู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุฑู‚ู… ุฃุฑุจุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1916
+
1917
+ 480
1918
+ 00:35:37,600 --> 00:35:43,420
1919
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ increase muscle efficiency ุทุจุนุง calculated
1920
+
1921
+ 481
1922
+ 00:35:43,420 --> 00:35:47,860
1923
+ as the percent of energy input that is converted
1924
+
1925
+ 482
1926
+ 00:35:47,860 --> 00:35:52,320
1927
+ into work instead of heat ู‚ุฏุงุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1928
+
1929
+ 483
1930
+ 00:35:52,320 --> 00:35:57,960
1931
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ metabolism ูˆ energy ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1932
+
1933
+ 484
1934
+ 00:35:57,960 --> 00:36:04,120
1935
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ work ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ efficiency ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
1936
+
1937
+ 485
1938
+ 00:36:04,120 --> 00:36:10,350
1939
+ ู‡ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู‚ุฏุฑุฉุงู„ู€ efficiency of the muscle is less
1940
+
1941
+ 486
1942
+ 00:36:10,350 --> 00:36:16,030
1943
+ than 20 to 25% the reason for this law efficiency
1944
+
1945
+ 487
1946
+ 00:36:16,030 --> 00:36:20,030
1947
+ is that about half of the energy ููŠ ุงู„ food stuffs
1948
+
1949
+ 488
1950
+ 00:36:20,030 --> 00:36:24,270
1951
+ lost during ุงู„ formation of ุงู„ ATP ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
1952
+
1953
+ 489
1954
+ 00:36:24,270 --> 00:36:28,310
1955
+ energy ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญุชุงุฌู‡ ุนุดุงู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ metabolismุงู„ู„ูŠ
1956
+
1957
+ 490
1958
+ 00:36:28,310 --> 00:36:32,610
1959
+ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ATP formation ุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ูŠ contraction
1960
+
1961
+ 491
1962
+ 00:36:32,610 --> 00:36:36,910
1963
+ and release of the muscle ุจุงู„ exercise ุงู„ maximum
1964
+
1965
+ 492
1966
+ 00:36:36,910 --> 00:36:40,370
1967
+ efficiency of the muscle developed especially when
1968
+
1969
+ 493
1970
+ 00:36:40,370 --> 00:36:44,970
1971
+ the velocity of contraction about 30% ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„
1972
+
1973
+ 494
1974
+ 00:36:44,970 --> 00:36:53,930
1975
+ contraction ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฃูˆูŠ ุฃูˆ ุณุฑูŠุนุงู„ุชุฌุงุฑุจ ุฃุถุงูุช ู‚ูˆุฉ
1976
+
1977
+ 495
1978
+ 00:36:53,930 --> 00:36:58,910
1979
+ ุฃุณู‡ู„ ู„ู„ุชุนุจ ุจู‚ู„ูŠู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ุชุนุจุŒ ูˆู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุชู…ุฑู†ุช
1980
+
1981
+ 496
1982
+ 00:36:58,910 --> 00:37:03,870
1983
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉุŒ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุญู…ูŠู„ ุงู„ุชุนุจ
1984
+
1985
+ 497
1986
+ 00:37:03,870 --> 00:37:09,050
1987
+ ู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉุŒ ุชุชุทูˆุฑุŒ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€circleุŒ
1988
+
1989
+ 498
1990
+ 00:37:09,050 --> 00:37:15,070
1991
+ ุงู„ู€circle ู„ู…ุง ุชุตุจุญ ุซู‚ุฑุŒ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ุชูˆุงุตู„ ููŠ ุนุฏุฏ
1992
+
1993
+ 499
1994
+ 00:37:15,070 --> 00:37:20,060
1995
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุจุชุชุฌุฏุฏ ูˆ ุจุชุชุญุณู† there is also greater
1996
+
1997
+ 500
1998
+ 00:37:20,060 --> 00:37:24,260
1999
+ amount of glycogen needed to supply the trend
2000
+
2001
+ 501
2002
+ 00:37:24,260 --> 00:37:27,860
2003
+ muscle within the muscle itself ุนุดุงู† ุชุณุงุนุฏ ููŠ
2004
+
2005
+ 502
2006
+ 00:37:27,860 --> 00:37:31,400
2007
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ metabolism ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง muscle
2008
+
2009
+ 503
2010
+ 00:37:31,400 --> 00:37:34,740
2011
+ injuryุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ muscle injury ู…ุด
2012
+
2013
+ 504
2014
+ 00:37:34,740 --> 00:37:37,860
2015
+ ุนุงุฑูุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุงู‚ุตุฉ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉุŒ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ acute muscle
2016
+
2017
+ 505
2018
+ 00:37:37,860 --> 00:37:42,500
2019
+ strain ูˆ ุงู„ muscle contusion ูˆ ุงู„ exercise induced
2020
+
2021
+ 506
2022
+ 00:37:42,500 --> 00:37:47,210
2023
+ injury ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุนุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ crampsุงู„ู€ acute muscle
2024
+
2025
+ 507
2026
+ 00:37:47,210 --> 00:37:54,030
2027
+ strain ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ result from overstretch of
2028
+
2029
+ 508
2030
+ 00:37:54,030 --> 00:37:59,830
2031
+ passive muscle or dynamically overloaded and
2032
+
2033
+ 509
2034
+ 00:37:59,830 --> 00:38:03,390
2035
+ active muscle ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช concentrically or
2036
+
2037
+ 510
2038
+ 00:38:03,390 --> 00:38:06,130
2039
+ eccentrically ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู„ muscle strain
2040
+
2041
+ 511
2042
+ 00:38:06,130 --> 00:38:10,290
2043
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุดุฏ ู…ูุงุฌุฆููŠ ุงู„ fibers ุชุจุน ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู†
2044
+
2045
+ 512
2046
+ 00:38:10,290 --> 00:38:16,930
2047
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชู†ู‚ุทุน ุงูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชู†ุดุฏ ูˆ .. ูˆ ุชุชู…ุฒู‚ ุชู†ุฒู‚ ุฌุฒุก
2048
+
2049
+ 513
2050
+ 00:38:16,930 --> 00:38:22,050
2051
+ ุงูˆ .. ุงูˆ ูƒู„ู‡ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช ุงุญู†ุง ุดุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ
2052
+
2053
+ 514
2054
+ 00:38:22,050 --> 00:38:26,730
2055
+ ุนู†ูŠูุฉ ุงูˆ ุงู†ู‡ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุจุชุนู…ู„ ูุนู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠDynamic
2056
+
2057
+ 515
2058
+ 00:38:26,730 --> 00:38:30,150
2059
+ contraction ุฃูˆ overloaded ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
2060
+
2061
+ 516
2062
+ 00:38:30,150 --> 00:38:33,370
2063
+ ู…ุน ู„ุนูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุจุฑูˆุญ ุจุดูˆุช ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุฉ ุจุนู…ู„ sudden
2064
+
2065
+ 517
2066
+ 00:38:33,370 --> 00:38:37,770
2067
+ contraction ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ vigorous
2068
+
2069
+ 518
2070
+ 00:38:37,770 --> 00:38:42,390
2071
+ contraction ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชู…ุฒู‚ ู„ุจุนุถ ุฎูŠูˆุท
2072
+
2073
+ 519
2074
+ 00:38:42,390 --> 00:38:44,910
2075
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ The severity of the tissue damage depends
2076
+
2077
+ 520
2078
+ 00:38:44,910 --> 00:38:50,120
2079
+ on the magnitude of theThe rate of the force
2080
+
2081
+ 521
2082
+ 00:38:50,120 --> 00:38:54,740
2083
+ application and the strength of a musculotendinous
2084
+
2085
+ 522
2086
+ 00:38:54,740 --> 00:38:59,080
2087
+ structure ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุฅุดูŠ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุŒ ุทุจุนุง ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ force
2088
+
2089
+ 523
2090
+ 00:38:59,080 --> 00:39:04,260
2091
+ exertedุŒ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ rateุŒ ูƒุงู… ู…ุฑุฉุŒ ุงู„ strength ุจุนุช
2092
+
2093
+ 524
2094
+ 00:39:04,260 --> 00:39:08,180
2095
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ musculotendinous structure ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
2096
+
2097
+ 525
2098
+ 00:39:08,180 --> 00:39:11,320
2099
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู†ุงุบู… ูˆุงู„ุงู†ุณุฌุงู… ุจูŠู† ุงู„ contractile ูˆ
2100
+
2101
+ 526
2102
+ 00:39:11,320 --> 00:39:15,200
2103
+ ุงู„ non contractile elements ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ
2104
+
2105
+ 527
2106
+ 00:39:15,480 --> 00:39:18,820
2107
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ grades ุงู„ู€ mild ูˆุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุช
2108
+
2109
+ 528
2110
+ 00:39:18,820 --> 00:39:22,500
2111
+ ูˆุงู„ุณูŠููŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ mild are characterized by minimal
2112
+
2113
+ 529
2114
+ 00:39:22,500 --> 00:39:26,260
2115
+ structural disruption and rapid return to the
2116
+
2117
+ 530
2118
+ 00:39:26,260 --> 00:39:31,020
2119
+ normal function ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุฏูˆุจ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ
2120
+
2121
+ 531
2122
+ 00:39:31,020 --> 00:39:35,040
2123
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุชู…ุฒู‚ ุงู„ moderate associated with
2124
+
2125
+ 532
2126
+ 00:39:35,040 --> 00:39:41,140
2127
+ partial tearู…ุซู„ู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุณู„ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‚ุฑูŠุจ ู…ู†
2128
+
2129
+ 533
2130
+ 00:39:41,140 --> 00:39:46,240
2131
+ ุงู„ู€myotendinous ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฌุงู†ูƒุดู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุณู„ุณู„ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุฏูˆู†
2132
+
2133
+ 534
2134
+ 00:39:46,240 --> 00:39:51,360
2135
+ ูˆุจูŠู† ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ุงู„ูู†ู‚ุดู† ุฃู…ุง ุณูŠููŠุฑ ูู‡ูŠ complete
2136
+
2137
+ 535
2138
+ 00:39:51,360 --> 00:39:55,010
2139
+ ุฃูˆ near completeTissue disruption ููŠู‡ุง ุงู†ู‚ุทุงุน
2140
+
2141
+ 536
2142
+ 00:39:55,010 --> 00:39:58,590
2143
+ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง complete functional loss ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง marked
2144
+
2145
+ 537
2146
+ 00:39:58,590 --> 00:40:03,510
2147
+ hemorrhage and swelling ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฑูˆุจ ู„ู„ุฏู…
2148
+
2149
+ 538
2150
+ 00:40:03,510 --> 00:40:09,160
2151
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ู‚ุทุน ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉุฃู…ุง ุงู„ muscle
2152
+
2153
+ 539
2154
+ 00:40:09,160 --> 00:40:13,020
2155
+ contusion ูƒู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุชุนุฑุถู„ู‡ ูˆ ุฎุงุตุฉ ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจูŠู† ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ
2156
+
2157
+ 540
2158
+ 00:40:13,020 --> 00:40:15,700
2159
+ ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจูŠู† ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุฑุถูˆุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจูŠู† ุงู„
2160
+
2161
+ 541
2162
+ 00:40:15,700 --> 00:40:18,940
2163
+ boxers ูˆ ุบูŠุฑู‡ู… ูŠุชุจุนูˆู† ุงู„ basketball ูˆ ุงู„ football
2164
+
2165
+ 542
2166
+ 00:40:18,940 --> 00:40:21,820
2167
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุจูŠุฎุจุทูˆุง ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ุนุฏูˆุง ุงู„ู„ุงุนูŠุจุฉ ูŠุฎุจุทูˆุง ููŠ
2168
+
2169
+ 543
2170
+ 00:40:21,820 --> 00:40:24,720
2171
+ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุงู„ muscle contusion ุงู„ muscle injury
2172
+
2173
+ 544
2174
+ 00:40:24,720 --> 00:40:28,070
2175
+ happened as a result of rightdirect compression
2176
+
2177
+ 545
2178
+ 00:40:28,070 --> 00:40:30,990
2179
+ impact which causes intramuscular hemorrhageุŒ
2180
+
2181
+ 546
2182
+ 00:40:30,990 --> 00:40:34,070
2183
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุฑุฌู„ุงู†ุง ูˆ ููŠ ุงูŠุฏุงู†ุงุŒ
2184
+
2185
+ 547
2186
+ 00:40:34,070 --> 00:40:37,110
2187
+ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุฎุทุงุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุงุฎุฏู‡ุง ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุด ุฏุงุฑูŠู†
2188
+
2189
+ 548
2190
+ 00:40:37,110 --> 00:40:41,350
2191
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ุนูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ูƒุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุงู„athletes ุจูŠุฏุฑุจูˆุง ููŠ
2192
+
2193
+ 549
2194
+ 00:40:41,350 --> 00:40:47,590
2195
+ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ูˆ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ muscle contusionุฃู…ุง ุงู„
2196
+
2197
+ 550
2198
+ 00:40:47,590 --> 00:40:52,110
2199
+ exercise induced injury ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูุถู„ูˆุง ุญุฏุฑุงุชูƒูˆุง
2200
+
2201
+ 551
2202
+ 00:40:52,110 --> 00:40:55,410
2203
+ ุจุชุฑูˆุญูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌูŠู…ู†ุงุช ูˆ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจุชุจุฏูˆุง ุจุชุจุฏูˆุง ุจุฎู…ุณูŠู†
2204
+
2205
+ 552
2206
+ 00:40:55,410 --> 00:41:03,270
2207
+ squat ูˆ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† push up ูˆ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† curl ูˆ ุฎู…ุณูŠู† set ups
2208
+
2209
+ 553
2210
+ 00:41:03,270 --> 00:41:07,430
2211
+ ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุจุชุฑูˆุญูˆุงุฃูˆู„ ูŠูˆู… ุจุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุญู„ูˆูŠู† ูˆู…ุจุณูˆุทูŠู†ุŒ
2212
+
2213
+ 554
2214
+ 00:41:07,430 --> 00:41:10,270
2215
+ ุชุงู†ูŠ ูŠูˆู… ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุจูŠูุถู„ muscle sorenessุŒ ุจุชุจุฏูˆ
2216
+
2217
+ 555
2218
+ 00:41:10,270 --> 00:41:14,410
2219
+ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจุทู†ูƒู… ุชูˆุฌุนูƒูˆุงุŒ ุจุชุตูŠุฑูˆุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุญูƒุฉ ุชุนูŠุทูˆุงุŒ
2220
+
2221
+ 556
2222
+ 00:41:14,410 --> 00:41:18,970
2223
+ ูุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ exercise induced injury ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
2224
+
2225
+ 557
2226
+ 00:41:18,970 --> 00:41:25,040
2227
+ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูุงุฌุฆ ูˆุงู„ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุชุงุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉูŠุจู‚ู‰
2228
+
2229
+ 558
2230
+ 00:41:25,040 --> 00:41:29,700
2231
+ ุงู„ู€ injury results from connective and contractile
2232
+
2233
+ 559
2234
+ 00:41:29,700 --> 00:41:33,180
2235
+ tissue disruption following exercise characterized
2236
+
2237
+ 560
2238
+ 00:41:33,180 --> 00:41:36,240
2239
+ by local tenderness with stiffness restriction ู„ู„ู€
2240
+
2241
+ 561
2242
+ 00:41:36,240 --> 00:41:39,000
2243
+ range of motion ุจูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุง ู…ุด ู‚ุงุฏุฑูŠู† ุชุนุฏู„ูˆุง ุจุทู†ูƒูˆุง ุฃูˆ
2244
+
2245
+ 562
2246
+ 00:41:39,000 --> 00:41:43,680
2247
+ ุชุนุฏู„ูˆุง ุฏู‡ุฑูƒูˆุงThis type of injury referred to as
2248
+
2249
+ 563
2250
+ 00:41:43,680 --> 00:41:48,540
2251
+ delayed onset ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุตุฑู†ุณุŒ ุงู„ุฃู„ู… ุจุนุฏ 24 ุณุงุนุฉ ุฃูˆ
2252
+
2253
+ 564
2254
+ 00:41:48,540 --> 00:41:52,880
2255
+ 72 ุณุงุนุฉ ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง participation of vigorous exercise
2256
+
2257
+ 565
2258
+ 00:41:52,880 --> 00:41:57,000
2259
+ following eccentric muscle contraction in the
2260
+
2261
+ 566
2262
+ 00:41:57,000 --> 00:42:00,640
2263
+ contractile tissue unaccustomed to the activity
2264
+
2265
+ 567
2266
+ 00:42:00,640 --> 00:42:05,160
2267
+ demand ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุญุงุฌุฉ ู…ุนุงู†ุง ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ muscle
2268
+
2269
+ 568
2270
+ 00:42:05,160 --> 00:42:09,380
2271
+ crampsุงู„ู€ Muscle Cramps ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ Electrolyte
2272
+
2273
+ 569
2274
+ 00:42:09,380 --> 00:42:14,080
2275
+ imbalance ุฅุญู†ุง ู†ุนุฑููŠู† ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุงุช ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
2276
+
2277
+ 570
2278
+ 00:42:14,080 --> 00:42:17,440
2279
+ Electrolyte ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Calcium
2280
+
2281
+ 571
2282
+ 00:42:17,440 --> 00:42:21,300
2283
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุบู†ูŠุณูŠูˆู… ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ imbalance ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€
2284
+
2285
+ 572
2286
+ 00:42:21,300 --> 00:42:24,300
2287
+ Cramps ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
2288
+
2289
+ 573
2290
+ 00:42:24,300 --> 00:42:26,660
2291
+ Gastrocnemius ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Semimembranosis ูˆ ุงู„ู€
2292
+
2293
+ 574
2294
+ 00:42:26,660 --> 00:42:29,920
2295
+ Tendinosis ูˆ ุงู„ู€ Biceps ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ู… ูƒู„ู‡ู… ู…ุน
2296
+
2297
+ 575
2298
+ 00:42:29,920 --> 00:42:33,300
2299
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ Hamstrings ุงู„ู€ Abdominals ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง and can
2300
+
2301
+ 576
2302
+ 00:42:33,300 --> 00:42:39,140
2303
+ beู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2304
+
2305
+ 577
2306
+ 00:42:39,140 --> 00:42:39,980
2307
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2308
+
2309
+ 578
2310
+ 00:42:39,980 --> 00:42:40,060
2311
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2312
+
2313
+ 579
2314
+ 00:42:40,060 --> 00:42:41,520
2315
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2316
+
2317
+ 580
2318
+ 00:42:41,520 --> 00:42:48,320
2319
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2320
+
2321
+ 581
2322
+ 00:42:48,320 --> 00:42:49,260
2323
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2324
+
2325
+ 582
2326
+ 00:42:49,260 --> 00:42:49,260
2327
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2328
+
2329
+ 583
2330
+ 00:42:49,260 --> 00:42:49,260
2331
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2332
+
2333
+ 584
2334
+ 00:42:49,260 --> 00:42:49,260
2335
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2336
+
2337
+ 585
2338
+ 00:42:49,260 --> 00:42:54,760
2339
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
2340
+
2341
+ 586
2342
+ 00:42:54,760 --> 00:42:59,680
2343
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุน
2344
+
2345
+ 587
2346
+ 00:43:00,300 --> 00:43:03,980
2347
+ ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ ูˆ ูŠุนุทูŠูƒู…
2348
+
2349
+ 588
2350
+ 00:43:03,980 --> 00:43:11,440
2351
+ ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ ูˆ ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู„ู„ูŠูˆู…
2352
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/QJlRIqQmh3o_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1396 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:02,940
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:02,940 --> 00:00:07,200
7
+ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆุนู„ูŠ ูˆุตุญููŠ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:07,200 --> 00:00:11,260
11
+ ุงู„ gate ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู† ุงู„ additional determinants
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:11,260 --> 00:00:14,220
15
+ of gate ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ determinants ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุญุฏุฏุงุช ุงู„ gate
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:14,220 --> 00:00:17,940
19
+ ุทุจ ู†ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ gate cycle ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ูˆ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:17,940 --> 00:00:22,260
23
+ ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุฅู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง two phases ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ swing
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:22,260 --> 00:00:26,760
27
+ phase ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ stance phaseูˆ .. ูˆุดุฑุญู†ุง ูƒู„
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:26,760 --> 00:00:30,420
31
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุช .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:30,420 --> 00:00:34,060
35
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:34,060 --> 00:00:37,200
39
+ active ูˆ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† active ุณูˆุงุก concentric
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:37,200 --> 00:00:41,500
43
+ ุฃูˆ eccentric ุฏูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุนุดุงู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:41,500 --> 00:00:44,240
47
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง normal get ูˆ ุนุดุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:44,240 --> 00:00:50,540
51
+ get ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุชุนูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุทุจุนุง
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:00:50,540 --> 00:00:53,520
55
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ gate ุนู† ุงู„ lower limbุŒ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:00:53,520 --> 00:00:56,800
59
+ ุจู†ุฑูƒุฒ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ lower limbุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ู„ูƒู†
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:00:56,800 --> 00:01:01,460
63
+ ุจุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง other events ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงุŒ ููŠ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:01,460 --> 00:01:04,700
67
+ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุจุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุซุงู…ุŒ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ trunksุŒ ุณูˆุงุก
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:04,700 --> 00:01:08,320
71
+ ููŠ ุงู„ upper limbุŒ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ belfastุŒ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:08,320 --> 00:01:12,240
75
+ step ู†ูุณู‡ุงุŒ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ูŠูŠู† ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:12,240 --> 00:01:15,060
79
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุญุฏุฏุงุช ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง normal gate or
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:15,060 --> 00:01:18,460
83
+ not normal gateุŒ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠุญู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:18,460 --> 00:01:22,020
87
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ vertical displacement
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:22,020 --> 00:01:25,200
91
+ ู„ู„center of gravity ูˆ ุงู„ horizontal displacement ูˆ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:25,200 --> 00:01:30,400
95
+ ุญู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ width of walking path ูˆ ุนู† ุงู„ lateral
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:30,400 --> 00:01:33,900
99
+ pelvic tilt ูˆ ุงู„ step length ูˆ ุงู„ arm swing ูˆ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:33,900 --> 00:01:37,460
103
+ other factors ุฒู‰ ุงู„ head ูˆ ุงู„ trunk ูˆ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:37,460 --> 00:01:42,380
107
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒูŠู ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุถุนูŠุชู‡ุง ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:01:45,840 --> 00:01:49,840
111
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงูˆ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ center of gravity ุงุญู†ุง
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:01:49,840 --> 00:01:52,080
115
+ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู†ุง ุจู†ู„ุญู‚ ุงู„ center
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:01:52,080 --> 00:01:54,960
119
+ of gravity ุนุดุงู† ู…ุงูŠุตูŠู„ุด falling ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:01:54,960 --> 00:01:59,900
123
+ ุจู†ุชู‚ุฏู… ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ center of gravity ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู„ู‡ ุชุญุฑูƒ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:01:59,900 --> 00:02:03,140
127
+ ุทุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ center of gravity ุจูŠู…ุฑ line
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:03,140 --> 00:02:08,880
131
+ of gravity ุจูŠู…ุฑ anterior to second sacral vertebra
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:09,190 --> 00:02:13,350
135
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠุช ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู† ุงู„
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:13,350 --> 00:02:18,370
139
+ .. ุงู„ center of gravity ุจูŠุทู„ุน ูˆ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุทุจุนุง
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:18,370 --> 00:02:22,750
143
+ ุนุงู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุชูุน ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ single leg support
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:22,750 --> 00:02:26,410
147
+ ุงูˆ ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ mid stance ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุทูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ููŠ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:26,410 --> 00:02:30,080
151
+ ุงู„ double supportุทูŠุจ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุซู„ู†ุง
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:30,080 --> 00:02:34,260
155
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ู†ู…ุณูƒู†ุง ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ู†
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:34,260 --> 00:02:39,200
159
+ ุงู„ุชุจุงุดูŠุฑ ูˆู‚ุงุนุฏูŠู† ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ูˆ ุจู†ุญุฏุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ blackboard
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:39,200 --> 00:02:45,860
163
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏุŸูˆุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:02:45,860 --> 00:02:48,680
167
+ ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู†ุง ุจู†ุฑุณู… ุฒูŠ ุงู„ pops ุงูŠุด ุงู„ pops ุฒูŠ ุงู„ wave
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:02:48,680 --> 00:02:55,980
171
+ like line ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุธุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:02:55,980 --> 00:03:00,340
175
+ ุนู† ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ center of ุงู„ graffiti
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:00,340 --> 00:03:04,040
179
+ ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ูˆ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ูˆ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ุฏุงุฆู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:04,040 --> 00:03:06,020
183
+ ุงุญู†ุง vertical displacement of
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:08,540 --> 00:03:13,600
187
+ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู†ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:13,600 --> 00:03:18,820
191
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุงู†ุชูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงุนู„ู‰ ุงุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ mid distance ูˆ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:18,820 --> 00:03:23,980
195
+ ุงูˆุทู‰ ุงุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ heel strikeDouble subpart ุจู†ุฒู„ ุงู„
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:23,980 --> 00:03:27,540
199
+ center of gravity ููŠ ุงู„ mid distance ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:27,540 --> 00:03:30,880
203
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุทูˆู„ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ู„ ู„ู„ center
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:30,880 --> 00:03:34,980
207
+ of gravity ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ูˆ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:34,980 --> 00:03:37,600
211
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ููˆู‚ ูˆ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ู„ุชุญุช ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง vertical
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:37,600 --> 00:03:42,550
215
+ displacementุทุจ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูˆ ู…ู†
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:42,550 --> 00:03:45,550
219
+ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ู„ู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‰ ุงุณู…ู‡ horizontal displacement
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:03:45,550 --> 00:03:48,390
223
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ center of gravity ุงุญู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู…ุด ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุฌูŠุจ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:03:48,390 --> 00:03:52,710
227
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ุฏู… ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:03:52,710 --> 00:03:55,690
231
+ stance ููŠ ุฃุฒู…ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุฒู†ู†ุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:03:55,690 --> 00:03:58,830
235
+ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ center of gravity ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:03:58,830 --> 00:04:01,670
239
+ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุญุท ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ heel strike
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:01,670 --> 00:04:06,490
243
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุจู†ุฑุฌุน ููŠู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุนู„ู‰
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:06,490 --> 00:04:09,680
247
+ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ูุจุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุงุฏู‰ horizontal
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:09,680 --> 00:04:12,640
251
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง horizontal displacement ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:12,640 --> 00:04:16,900
255
+ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ center of gravity
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:16,900 --> 00:04:20,120
259
+ ูˆู‡ุฏุง ุจู„ุญู‚ ุงู„ weight shifting ู…ู† side ู„ side ุงุญู†ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:20,120 --> 00:04:22,160
263
+ ุทูˆู„ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุงู„ weight shift ุจุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:22,160 --> 00:04:24,700
267
+ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุฑุฌุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:24,700 --> 00:04:28,020
271
+ ุทูˆู„ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุทุจุนุง this displacement ุจุชูƒูˆู†
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:28,020 --> 00:04:31,480
275
+ greatest during single sub part phase ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:31,480 --> 00:04:35,110
279
+ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ mid distance ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญcompletely ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:04:35,110 --> 00:04:39,070
283
+ right side ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ left side ู…ุฑุฉ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:04:39,070 --> 00:04:42,970
287
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ in other words this represent the distance
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:04:42,970 --> 00:04:48,150
291
+ the body must shift horizontally on to one foot so
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:04:48,150 --> 00:04:52,550
295
+ that the other foot can swing forward ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:04:52,550 --> 00:04:57,370
299
+ mid distanceู‡ู‰ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงุดู‰ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ center of
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:04:57,370 --> 00:05:00,590
303
+ the graffiti ู…ุซู„ุง ุงูุชุฑุถู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูุจุชูƒูˆู†
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:00,590 --> 00:05:04,630
307
+ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุจุชุนู…ู„ swinging ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุชู†ุชู‚ู„
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:04,630 --> 00:05:09,590
311
+ ู„ู‚ุฏุงู… ุงุณุงุณ ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง this side ูˆ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:09,590 --> 00:05:12,690
315
+ this side displacement ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† inches
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:12,690 --> 00:05:17,910
319
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณู†ุชูŠู†ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนุงู…ู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู… ุงุญู†ุง
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:17,910 --> 00:05:22,270
323
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ width of walking pairs ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:22,270 --> 00:05:25,350
327
+ ู…ุดูŠู†ุง ุนู…ุฑู†ุง ู„ู… ู†ู…ุดูŠู†ุง ูˆ ุฑุฌู„ูŠู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู‚ูŠู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงูƒูŠุฏ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:05:25,350 --> 00:05:28,770
331
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุฃุฌุฑูŠู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุนู† ุจุนุถ ุญุชู‰ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชูˆุงุฒู†
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:05:28,770 --> 00:05:31,690
335
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุนุฑุถุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฒูŠุงุก ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:05:31,690 --> 00:05:34,470
339
+ ุจูŠู…ุดูˆุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ crossing ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:05:34,470 --> 00:05:37,650
343
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠูŠู† ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุฑุฌู„ูŠู†ุง
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:05:37,650 --> 00:05:41,630
347
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุงุจุนุฏ ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ youngwhen you walk you
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:05:41,630 --> 00:05:45,030
351
+ do not place your feet one step in front of the
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:05:45,030 --> 00:05:48,050
355
+ other but slightly apart ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงุจู†ู…ุดูŠุด ุนู„ู‰
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:05:48,050 --> 00:05:51,750
359
+ line ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจู„ุงุทูŠู† ูุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:05:51,750 --> 00:05:54,630
363
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุจู„ุงุท๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:05:54,630 --> 00:05:58,730
367
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู†ุจู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ line
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:05:58,730 --> 00:06:03,270
371
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจู†ุญุท ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ lineุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:03,270 --> 00:06:06,050
375
+ ุนุฑุถุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฐูŠุงุก ุจุณ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:06,050 --> 00:06:09,330
379
+ line ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู… ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ ู…ุงุจุนุฑูุด ู…ุน ุฃู†ู‡
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:06:09,330 --> 00:06:14,130
383
+ ุงุญู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุนูŠุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ normal get if lines were
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:06:14,130 --> 00:06:17,030
387
+ drawn through successive midpoints of the heel
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:06:17,030 --> 00:06:23,380
391
+ contact of one foot ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ twoุงู„ู€
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:06:23,380 --> 00:06:28,240
395
+ two feet ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ุงุฑุจุน inches ูŠุนู†ูŠ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:06:28,240 --> 00:06:33,900
399
+ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุงุฑุจุน ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุตู†ุทูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง this is
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:06:33,900 --> 00:06:37,760
403
+ described as ุงู„ width of walking path ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:06:37,760 --> 00:06:41,380
407
+ ูƒู„ู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจูƒูˆู† ูˆุฌุฑูŠู†ุง ู…ุชุจุนุฏูŠู† ุนู† ุจุนุถ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:06:41,380 --> 00:06:46,670
411
+ ู…ู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุงุฑุจุน inchesูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ lateral
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:06:46,670 --> 00:06:52,690
415
+ pelvic tilt ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุจู‚ู‰
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:06:52,690 --> 00:06:56,150
419
+ ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ุจุชุญุณูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ gluteus maximus ุจุชุทู„ุน ูˆ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:06:56,150 --> 00:06:59,910
423
+ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ูˆ ุจุชุทู„ุน ูˆ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุทุจุนุง slightly ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:06:59,910 --> 00:07:03,190
427
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ุฒูˆู… ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Trendelenberg
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:07:03,190 --> 00:07:07,570
431
+ sign ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ lateral pelvic tilt
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:07:07,570 --> 00:07:14,670
435
+ ุงู†ู‡ ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู†ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุฅูŠุฏู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ hips
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:07:14,670 --> 00:07:18,770
439
+ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุจุชุทู„ุน ูˆ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ we notice
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:07:18,770 --> 00:07:23,770
443
+ that they move up and down as your pelvic on each
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:07:23,770 --> 00:07:27,650
447
+ side drops down slightly ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุฅูŠุฏู†ุง
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:07:27,650 --> 00:07:30,950
451
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎูˆุงุตุฑู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ anterior superior iliacus
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:07:30,950 --> 00:07:35,310
455
+ slide ุงู„ spine ูˆู…ุดูŠู†ุง ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูˆุฅุญู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ุฅูŠุฏู†ุง
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:07:35,310 --> 00:07:37,750
459
+ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ูˆ ุจุชุทู„ุน ูˆ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ูˆ ุจุชุทู„ุน
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:07:43,930 --> 00:07:48,530
463
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ weight bearing taking of the leg at
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:07:48,530 --> 00:07:53,430
467
+ the toes off ุทุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ูˆ ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:07:53,430 --> 00:07:58,570
471
+ slight drop ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ trendelenberg signู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:07:58,570 --> 00:08:04,350
475
+ limping ู‡ุฐุง ุงุดูŠ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงูƒุชุฑ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ weakness ู„ ุงู„
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:04,350 --> 00:08:08,670
479
+ abductors of the hip ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุจู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุงู†
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:08,670 --> 00:08:13,110
483
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุงู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู„ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:08:13,110 --> 00:08:17,710
487
+ ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ู‡ุฐูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ mid swing ูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠ ููŠ ุงู„
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:08:17,710 --> 00:08:22,040
491
+ mid stance ูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ mid swingุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ู„ุฃ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:08:22,040 --> 00:08:25,480
495
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅุญู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ู‡ุงู† ุงู„
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:08:25,480 --> 00:08:30,100
499
+ adductors ุงู„ hip adductorsุŒ abductors ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุงุฒู…
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:08:30,100 --> 00:08:34,120
503
+ ุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง contraction ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ hip ูŠุทู„ุน ูุงู„ู„ูŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:08:34,120 --> 00:08:39,020
507
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุงู† ุจู†ุฒู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ ุจุงู„ููƒูˆ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ .. ุจุชุดุชุบู„
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:08:39,020 --> 00:08:42,540
511
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ drop ู‡ุฐุง ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† excessive
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:08:42,540 --> 00:08:46,260
515
+ ุงูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ adductors ุงู„ hip .. ุงู„ hip abductors
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:08:46,260 --> 00:08:50,140
519
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ู…ุด ุงู„ู…ุฑููˆุน ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:08:50,140 --> 00:08:54,140
523
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุจุชุนู…ู„ contraction ูˆ ุงู„ erector spinae ุจุชุนู…ู„
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:08:54,140 --> 00:08:57,480
527
+ contraction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:08:57,480 --> 00:09:02,390
531
+ steeringูƒูŠู ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ couple of forces ู‡ุฏู‰
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:09:02,390 --> 00:09:05,330
535
+ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ู‡ุฏู‰ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุซู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ couple of forces ุฒู‰ ู…ุง
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:09:05,330 --> 00:09:09,450
539
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุณูƒูŠู† ุงู„ steering ุงู„ hip abductors ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู†ุฒู„
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:09:09,450 --> 00:09:14,010
543
+ ูˆ ุงู„ hip ูˆ ุงู„ erector spinae ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูุน ุงู„ pelvis
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:09:14,010 --> 00:09:18,150
547
+ ุนุดุงู† ู…ุงูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง excessive drop ู„ู„pelvis ูŠุจู‚ู‰
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:09:18,150 --> 00:09:23,960
551
+ this dip would be greater if itis not or were not
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:09:23,960 --> 00:09:27,040
555
+ for the hip abductor on the opposite side ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:09:27,040 --> 00:09:30,680
559
+ ุงู„ weight bearing side ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ and erector
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:09:30,680 --> 00:09:33,900
563
+ spinae on the same side ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ together
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:09:33,900 --> 00:09:39,120
567
+ working to keep ุงู„ุจู„ููƒ essentially ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ level
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:09:39,120 --> 00:09:42,600
571
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ side ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ู‡ small drop ุงูˆ slight
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:09:42,600 --> 00:09:46,610
575
+ drop ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ููƒ when the bill fitsdrops on the
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:09:46,610 --> 00:09:50,230
579
+ right side ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ non-weight bearing side ุงู„ left
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:09:50,230 --> 00:09:52,950
583
+ hip ุงู„ weight bearing side is forced into
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:09:52,950 --> 00:09:56,810
587
+ adduction ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠ adoption
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:09:56,810 --> 00:10:01,650
591
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ adoption ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุงู„ููƒุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:10:01,650 --> 00:10:05,750
595
+ ุงู„ line ูˆ ุงู„ุฅุฌุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:10:05,750 --> 00:10:09,950
599
+ ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ midline ู„ูƒู† ู„ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุงู„ lower limb
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:10:09,950 --> 00:10:13,610
603
+ ุงูˆ left lower limb ุซุงุจุชุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุจู„ููƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุฌู‡ ูู‡ูŠ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:10:13,610 --> 00:10:17,310
607
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุฑูƒุฉ adduction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ู†ุนู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ู†ุนู‡ุง ุงู„
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:10:17,310 --> 00:10:20,490
611
+ contraction ู„ู„ hip abductors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุญุจ ุจู‡ุฐุง
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:10:20,490 --> 00:10:24,170
615
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ุจู„ููƒ ู„ููˆู‚
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:10:27,580 --> 00:10:30,380
619
+ ุทุจุนุง to keep the pelvic level although actually
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:10:30,380 --> 00:10:34,360
623
+ dips slightly the left hip abductors contracts ุฒูŠ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:10:34,360 --> 00:10:38,380
627
+ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง to prevent the hip adduction at the same
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:10:38,380 --> 00:10:42,680
631
+ time ุงู„ right erector spinae ู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฏูŠ which has
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:10:42,680 --> 00:10:45,680
635
+ attachment on the pelvic contract to pull up
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:10:45,680 --> 00:10:49,880
639
+ ุชุณุญุจู‡ุง ู„ููˆู‚ in the side of the pelvic that wants
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:10:49,880 --> 00:10:54,640
643
+ to drop ูุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ drop ุจุณ slight drop ุทุจุนุง ู„ูˆ ุฒุงุฏ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:10:54,640 --> 00:11:00,790
647
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงุดูŠ ุงูƒุชุฑุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:11:00,790 --> 00:11:03,910
651
+ step length ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู‡ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ cadence ู…ู‡ู…ุง
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:11:03,910 --> 00:11:07,430
655
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุณุฑุนุชู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ุงู„ step length should be
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:11:07,430 --> 00:11:12,010
659
+ equal in both distance and time ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ time
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:11:12,010 --> 00:11:14,790
663
+ ููŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง limping ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ distance ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:11:14,790 --> 00:11:18,010
667
+ limping ุงูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง sore leg ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฑุฌู„
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:11:18,010 --> 00:11:23,070
671
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุนุฉ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ step length ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒุฏุŸุฃุญู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:11:23,070 --> 00:11:27,050
675
+ ุงู„ normal gait should be two steps equal ุงู„ step
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:11:27,050 --> 00:11:31,270
679
+ length should be equal in distance and in time ููŠ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:11:31,270 --> 00:11:35,550
683
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ ุฑู‚ู… ุณุชุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ determinants ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ arm
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:11:35,550 --> 00:11:39,930
687
+ swinging ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุทุจุนุง
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:11:39,930 --> 00:11:42,730
691
+ ุงู„ ุงุชุง ุจุชู…ุดูŠ ูˆ ู…ุด ุฏุงูŠุฑูŠู† ุจุงู„ูƒูˆุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุดูŠุงุชูƒูˆุง
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:11:42,730 --> 00:11:46,710
695
+ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู…ุน
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:11:46,710 --> 00:11:51,250
699
+ ุงู„ุงูŠุฏ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุจู†ู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ุงูŠุฏ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:11:51,250 --> 00:11:56,120
703
+ ุงู„ูŠูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุง rotation ู„ู„ trunk ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:11:56,120 --> 00:12:00,880
707
+ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ swing ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฒู„ ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ููŠ ุงู„
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:12:00,880 --> 00:12:04,780
711
+ stance ุงูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ heel strike ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:12:04,780 --> 00:12:09,150
715
+ ุนู†ุง forward rotation ู„ู„ trunkูุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ arm ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:12:09,150 --> 00:12:13,050
719
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุญุช ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ rotation
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:12:13,050 --> 00:12:17,530
723
+ ูˆ ุชุนู…ู„ control ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ rotation ูˆ ุชุนู…ู„ู†ุง control
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:12:17,530 --> 00:12:21,290
727
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ amount of rotation ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ a counter
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:12:21,290 --> 00:12:25,230
731
+ rotation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจู†ู‚ุฏู… ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:12:25,230 --> 00:12:30,250
735
+ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ trunk ุจุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:12:30,250 --> 00:12:36,500
739
+ ูุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุงูŠุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุชุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:12:36,500 --> 00:12:41,480
743
+ rotation ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุตุงุฑ ูˆ ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ control ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:12:41,480 --> 00:12:45,580
747
+ other determinants ุทุจุนุง ุฒู‰ ุงู„ head ุงู„ head should
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:12:45,580 --> 00:12:48,840
751
+ be erect ุงู„ shoulder should be ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฑุฃุณู†ุง ูˆ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:12:48,840 --> 00:12:53,520
755
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ุฑุฃุณู†ุง ู…ุฑููˆุนุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ shoulder level
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:12:53,520 --> 00:12:57,740
759
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู… ูˆ ุงู„ trunk
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:12:57,740 --> 00:13:01,490
763
+ in extensionุนุงุฏุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุจุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:13:01,490 --> 00:13:05,530
767
+ ุจูŠุญู…ู„ูˆุง ุดู†ุทู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุชู ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุชุนูˆุฏูŠู† ูุฏุงุฆู…ุง
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:13:05,530 --> 00:13:10,170
771
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ูƒุชู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุดู†ุทุฉ ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุฑููˆุน ุงุนู„ู‰
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:13:10,170 --> 00:13:14,390
775
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชู ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ูƒุชูุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:13:14,390 --> 00:13:18,670
779
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ trunk ูŠูƒูˆู† erect in extension
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:13:19,370 --> 00:13:23,150
783
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง when we analyzing someone's gait it is
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:13:23,150 --> 00:13:27,210
787
+ best to view ุงู„ person from both side and in the
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:13:27,210 --> 00:13:30,990
791
+ front and sometime in the back ุงุญู†ุง ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:13:30,990 --> 00:13:35,830
795
+ ุงุฐุง ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุตู…ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ introduction ูˆุนู…ู„ู†ุง
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:13:35,830 --> 00:13:40,210
799
+ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒูŠู ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ู† ุงู„ anterior view
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:13:40,210 --> 00:13:43,010
803
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ lateral view ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุดูˆู ููŠ ุงู„ anterior ูˆ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:13:43,010 --> 00:13:47,970
807
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุดูˆูููŠ ุงู„ lateral view ุทุจุนุง ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู…
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:13:47,970 --> 00:13:52,470
811
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ step length ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ arm swinging ูˆู„ุง
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:13:52,470 --> 00:13:56,630
815
+ ุงู„ head position ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ trunk ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ activity of
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:13:56,630 --> 00:14:00,830
819
+ the lower leg ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ side position ุฃู…ุง
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:14:00,830 --> 00:14:05,170
823
+ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ position of the shoulder ุงู„ head
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:14:05,170 --> 00:14:10,480
827
+ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ front or backูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:14:10,480 --> 00:14:14,620
831
+ ุดุฎุต ู‡ูˆ ุจู…ุดูŠ ุงุฐุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูŠู…ู‡ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุจู†ู„ู ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู†ู‡ ุนุณุงุณ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:14:14,620 --> 00:14:17,220
835
+ ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ู…ู† lateral view ู…ู† anterior view ู…ู†
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:14:17,220 --> 00:14:21,220
839
+ posterior view ุนุณุงุณ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุญุฏุฏ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:14:21,220 --> 00:14:24,380
843
+ .. ุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ lateral view ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ step
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:14:24,380 --> 00:14:27,420
847
+ length ูˆ ุงู„ arm swing ูˆ ุงู„ position of the head
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:14:27,420 --> 00:14:31,400
851
+ and trunk ุงู…ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ anterior view ูุจู†ุดูˆู ุงู„
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:14:31,400 --> 00:14:36,820
855
+ shoulder ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ level ุงูˆ ู„ุฃุทูŠุจ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:14:36,820 --> 00:14:41,920
859
+ ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ age related gate pattern ุทูŠุจ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:14:41,920 --> 00:14:46,940
863
+ ุตุญูŠุญ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ูƒู„ deviation ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:14:46,940 --> 00:14:51,000
867
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ุด ูƒู„ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:54,960
871
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ daily ูˆู„ุฏ children
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:14:54,960 --> 00:14:58,300
875
+ ู†ุดูŠุงุชู‡ู… ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† within normal pattern
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:14:58,300 --> 00:15:02,660
879
+ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ูŠ ู†ุดูŠุงุชู‡ู… ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ adult ุฃูˆ ุงู„ younger ..
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:15:02,660 --> 00:15:07,020
883
+ ุฅูŠู‡ adultุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ู…ุด ูƒู„ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุด ูƒู„ get better
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:15:07,020 --> 00:15:10,560
887
+ ู…ุงุจุชู†ุทุจุฎุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชุนู„ู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:15:10,560 --> 00:15:15,320
891
+ abnormal ู‡ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† normal ู„ูƒู† ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:15:15,320 --> 00:15:19,360
895
+ pathological ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:15:19,360 --> 00:15:23,880
899
+ ู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ characteristics ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนู†
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:15:23,880 --> 00:15:27,340
903
+ ุงู„ younger adult ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:15:27,340 --> 00:15:30,980
907
+ ู„ุณู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุงุดูŠู‡ู… ูˆ ู…ุด ู…ุชูˆุงุฒู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ ุจุงู„ุณู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:15:30,980 --> 00:15:35,510
911
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุงุดูŠู‡ู…ูˆ ู…ุด ู…ุชูˆุงุฒู†ูŠู† ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:15:35,510 --> 00:15:39,710
915
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ู… ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ normal better
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:15:39,710 --> 00:15:43,070
919
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ it is not pathological ู‡ูŠ ุจุณ aging related
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:15:43,070 --> 00:15:48,430
923
+ ุงูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง age relating get better ุทุจุนุง these are
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:15:48,430 --> 00:15:52,090
927
+ considered age related not pathological exchanges
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:15:52,090 --> 00:15:56,210
931
+ these ุฏูŠูุฑู†ุณูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ young children ูˆ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตูŠุฑ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:15:56,210 --> 00:16:00,430
935
+ ู„ู‡ุง disappeared ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุฑุฌุน
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:16:00,540 --> 00:16:04,080
939
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ characteristic
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:16:04,080 --> 00:16:12,060
943
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ elder ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุจูŠู…ุดูˆุง tend to walk
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:16:12,060 --> 00:16:15,780
947
+ with wider walking base ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ base ุงู„
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:16:15,780 --> 00:16:18,340
951
+ support ุฃูˆ ุงู„ big ุงู„ walking base ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:16:18,340 --> 00:16:21,720
955
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง 2 ู„ 4 inches ููŠ ุงู„ normalููŠ ุงู„ normal
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:16:21,720 --> 00:16:26,020
959
+ adult ูุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ cadence faster ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:16:26,020 --> 00:16:29,220
963
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุจูŠู…ุดูˆุง ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠุจุฏูˆุง
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:16:29,220 --> 00:16:32,580
967
+ ูŠุชุญุฑู‚ ูŠู…ุดูˆุง ุจูŠู…ุดูˆุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุชูˆุงุฒู†ูˆุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:16:32,580 --> 00:16:36,860
971
+ ู‡ู… ุณุฑูŠุนูŠู† ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ stride length ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ู„ุฃู†
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:16:36,860 --> 00:16:41,280
975
+ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุฅุฌุฑู‡ู… ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ู‡ู… ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฎุทูˆุงุช
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:16:41,280 --> 00:16:46,240
979
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ adult ุฃูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:16:46,240 --> 00:16:50,870
983
+ young adultูƒู…ุงู† ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ุฃุฌุฑู‡ู… ุงู„ initial
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:16:50,870 --> 00:16:53,570
987
+ contact with the floor ุงู„ normal ุนุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ adult
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:16:53,570 --> 00:16:57,070
991
+ ุจูŠุญุทู‡ุง ุจุงู„ heel ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ heel strike ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:16:57,070 --> 00:17:01,050
995
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู„ุฃ ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ุงู„ foot flat ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ุฑุฌู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:17:01,050 --> 00:17:06,440
999
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุทุจ ุนุงุฏุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠูŠู†
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:17:06,440 --> 00:17:10,660
1003
+ ุงุจู†ุงุก ุจู†ุญุท ุงู„ heel ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจู†ุญุท ุงู„ .. ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:17:10,660 --> 00:17:13,960
1007
+ heel strike ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† foot flat ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† mid stance
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:17:13,960 --> 00:17:17,260
1011
+ ุงู…ุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุตุบุงุฑ ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ู… ุจุชุทุจ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:17:17,260 --> 00:17:21,660
1015
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุทุจ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง heel strike ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:17:21,660 --> 00:17:24,820
1019
+ people ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† extended during stand phase ุนู„ู‰
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:17:24,820 --> 00:17:27,860
1023
+ ุทูˆู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… knee extension ูˆ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูƒู…ุงู†
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:17:27,860 --> 00:17:32,890
1027
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… high bar extensionin other words ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:17:32,890 --> 00:17:37,630
1031
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ more steps .. take more steps than .. that
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:17:37,630 --> 00:17:40,970
1035
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† shorter ูˆ choppy ูˆ ู…ุชู‚ุทุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:17:40,970 --> 00:17:46,390
1039
+ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ู…ุชู‚ุทุนุฉ ูˆ faster period ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ..
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:17:46,390 --> 00:17:50,330
1043
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู… ู…ุดูŠุชู‡ู… ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ู… ุจู†ุท ูˆ ู†ุท
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:17:50,330 --> 00:17:54,690
1047
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุด
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:17:54,690 --> 00:17:58,330
1051
+ ู…ุชูˆุงุฒู†ูŠู† ูุจูุถู„ูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠู…ุดูˆุง ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุนุณู‰
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:17:58,330 --> 00:18:03,770
1055
+ ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู…ุง ูŠูˆู‚ุนูˆุดูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠู†ุทุฒู… ู…ุงุดูŠู‡ู…
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:18:03,770 --> 00:18:08,150
1059
+ ูˆ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุฃุจุทุฃ ุดูˆูŠุฉ they also have little or no
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:18:08,150 --> 00:18:11,330
1063
+ reciprocal arm swings ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุถุญ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:18:11,330 --> 00:18:16,130
1067
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ุน ูˆู„ุฏ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุฏูˆุจ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:18:16,130 --> 00:18:19,570
1071
+ ุจูŠุญุฑูƒูˆุง ุฃุฏูŠู‡ู… ูˆ ู‡ู… ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู…ุงุจูŠุญุฑูƒูˆู‡ุงุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:18:19,570 --> 00:18:22,350
1075
+ ู…ุงููŠุด ุงู„ arm swing ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:18:22,350 --> 00:18:25,430
1079
+ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:18:25,430 --> 00:18:30,030
1083
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุจุชุจูŠู† ู„ู…ุง
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:18:30,030 --> 00:18:32,770
1087
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆู„ุฏ ุตุบูŠุฑ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ุน ุญุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:18:38,360 --> 00:18:41,680
1091
+ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงูƒู†ุด ููŠ ุนู†ุง even in the absence of
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:18:41,680 --> 00:18:44,540
1095
+ pathology ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ elderly adults working better
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:18:44,540 --> 00:18:49,160
1099
+ undergoes changes ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ ุจุงู„ุณู† ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงูƒู†ุด
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:18:49,160 --> 00:18:52,240
1103
+ ุนู†๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู‡ู… ู‚ุตูˆุฑ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงูƒู†ุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงูƒู†ุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃู„ู…
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:18:52,240 --> 00:18:56,900
1107
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ ุงู„ get better ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:18:56,900 --> 00:19:03,110
1111
+ younger adultsุทูŠุจ ุนุงุฏุฉ there is no universal
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:19:03,110 --> 00:19:06,030
1115
+ agreement on the reason of these exchanges it's
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:19:06,030 --> 00:19:09,890
1119
+ generally felt that sick purity and fear of
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:19:09,890 --> 00:19:13,410
1123
+ falling are the major contributors ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุญุฏ ูุณุฑ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:19:13,410 --> 00:19:18,250
1127
+ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู† ุจุณ ุงู„ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฃู†
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:19:18,250 --> 00:19:22,670
1131
+ ู‡ู… ู„ู…ุง ุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ pattern ุชุจุน ุงู„ movement ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุช
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:19:22,950 --> 00:19:26,950
1135
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุญุงูุธูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู† ุชุจุนู‡ู… ูˆ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:19:26,950 --> 00:19:30,510
1139
+ ุญุชู‰ ูŠู…ู†ุนูˆุง ุณู‚ูˆุทู‡ู… ู„ุฅู† ู‡ู… ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ู…
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:19:30,510 --> 00:19:33,810
1143
+ ู…ุชุซุจุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู… ู…ุงุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุจุฏู‡ู… ูŠู…ุดูˆุง
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:19:33,810 --> 00:19:37,910
1147
+ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ูŠุชุชุนุทุฑูˆุด ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ..
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:19:37,910 --> 00:19:42,950
1151
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุถุทุฑ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ..ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุจุชู… ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:19:42,950 --> 00:19:47,010
1155
+ typically ุงู„ older adult lose muscle mass and less
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:19:47,010 --> 00:19:50,550
1159
+ activity and often have poorer hearing and vision
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:19:50,550 --> 00:19:54,410
1163
+ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ุณู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุชุฑุงุฌุน
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:19:54,410 --> 00:19:59,090
1167
+ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุชู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:19:59,090 --> 00:20:03,820
1171
+ ุงู†ู‚ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุงุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุณู…ุนูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:20:03,820 --> 00:20:07,900
1175
+ ุงู„ุจุตุฑูŠุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุฃู…ุงู†
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:20:07,900 --> 00:20:11,320
1179
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุงู† ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ูŠู…ุดูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:20:11,320 --> 00:20:16,360
1183
+ ุฎุงูŠู ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู‚ูˆุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉit should be recognized
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:20:16,360 --> 00:20:19,760
1187
+ that the effect of age are related to many factors
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:20:19,760 --> 00:20:23,040
1191
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ health ูˆ ุงู„ activity level ูˆ ุงู„ attitude
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:20:23,040 --> 00:20:26,660
1195
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ูƒุจุงุฑ ุจุงู„ุณู† ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุดุงุก
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:20:26,660 --> 00:20:31,120
1199
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุดูŠุชู‡ู… ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ูˆ ุฏุงูŠุฑู‡ู… ู†ุงู‡ุฏ ูˆ ู…ุงููŠุด
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:20:31,120 --> 00:20:35,700
1203
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…lucky forces ูˆู„ุง .. ูˆู„ุง ุฅุดูŠ ูˆ .. ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:20:35,700 --> 00:20:40,680
1207
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุดุฑูŠุชู‡ู… ู…ุณุชุตุญู‰ ูˆ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ level of
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:20:40,680 --> 00:20:44,320
1211
+ activity ุชุจุน ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ุญุณุจ ู†ูุณูŠุงุชู‡ู…ุŒ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุตุญุฉ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:20:44,320 --> 00:20:47,740
1215
+ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉุŒ ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…ุด ู…ุฑุงุฏ .. ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ูˆู„ุง
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:20:47,740 --> 00:20:51,400
1219
+ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู„ุณู‡ active ููŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุชู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:20:51,400 --> 00:20:54,960
1223
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู†ุงุณ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ุฑู‡ู… ุณุจุนูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:20:54,960 --> 00:20:58,200
1227
+ ููŠู‡ู… ุจุชููƒุฑูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุช .. ุจุชููƒุฑูˆู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุชู†ุงุช ูˆููŠ ู†ุงุณ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:20:58,200 --> 00:21:02,800
1231
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุณุจุนูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ ุจุชููƒุฑูŠู‡ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ู…ูŠุฉ ุณู†ุฉ ู„ุฃู† ูƒูŠู
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:21:02,800 --> 00:21:06,700
1235
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุณุจ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ู†ุธุฑุชู‡ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ุญุณุจ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุฏูˆุฑู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:21:06,700 --> 00:21:11,080
1239
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู… ููŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุญุณุจ ู‚ุฏุงุด ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณูŠุง ู…ุฑุชุงุญ ูˆู„ุง
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:21:11,080 --> 00:21:15,170
1243
+ ู…ุด ู…ุฑุชุงุญ ู‡ู„ ุจูŠู…ุงุฑุณ activity ุจูŠู…ุงุฑุณ ุนู…ู„ ู…ุนูŠู†ุจูŠ ..
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:21:15,170 --> 00:21:19,830
1247
+ ุจูŠุณู„ูŠ ุจูŠุถูŠุน ููŠ ูˆู‚ุชู‡ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุทุจุนุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:21:19,830 --> 00:21:23,350
1251
+ ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ู…ุชุนูˆุฏูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ู… ูŠู…ุดูˆุง ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง exercise
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:21:23,350 --> 00:21:27,110
1255
+ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุชู…ุงุฑูŠู† ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:21:27,110 --> 00:21:30,890
1259
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒุจุฑูˆุง ุจุงู„ุณู† ู…ุด ูƒู„ู‡ู…
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:21:30,890 --> 00:21:36,130
1263
+ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุงู„ typical ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุงุดูŠุฉุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ ุฏุฑู„ูŠ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:21:36,130 --> 00:21:41,830
1267
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ walking ุชุจุนู‡ู… slower ุทุจุนุง ุฃุจุทุฃ ุจูŠู‚ุถูˆุง
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:21:41,830 --> 00:21:45,050
1271
+ ูุชุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ stance phase ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ู… ุจูŠุดุนุฑูˆุง
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:21:45,050 --> 00:21:47,410
1275
+ ููŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู† ุงู„ stance phase ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:21:47,410 --> 00:21:51,130
1279
+ contact ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ูุชุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ double support ุฅู†
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:21:51,130 --> 00:21:54,950
1283
+ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ุชูŠู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุงู† ูˆ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:21:54,950 --> 00:21:58,930
1287
+ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ two limbs ุชุจุนูˆู†ู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:21:58,930 --> 00:22:02,100
1291
+ ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ single support ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุงููŠ ..
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:22:02,100 --> 00:22:05,020
1295
+ ููŠ .. ููŠ .. ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุชุฑุงุช ุงู„ุนู…ุฑูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:22:05,020 --> 00:22:08,360
1299
+ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ู…ุงุจูŠู…ุดูˆุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:22:08,360 --> 00:22:11,260
1303
+ ุจุชุญุณู‡ู… ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุทูŠุฑูŠู† ุจุฌุฑูˆุง ุจุฌุฑูˆุง ุจุฌุฑูˆุง ุจุฌุฑูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:22:11,260 --> 00:22:14,060
1307
+ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ non-support ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ูˆ ู„ู…ุง
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:22:14,060 --> 00:22:17,260
1311
+ ุจูŠูƒุจุฑ ุชุตูŠุฑ ู„ุฃ ุชุชุญูˆู„ ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ double support ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:22:17,260 --> 00:22:22,160
1315
+ ุจุชุดุนุฑ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุงู† ุฃูƒุชุฑุŒ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุดูˆุฑุชู‡ ุฑุณุจ ุทุจุนุง
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:22:22,160 --> 00:22:26,870
1319
+ ุนุดุงู† ู…ุงูŠูˆู‚ุนูˆุดvertical displacement ุจุชู‚ู„ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู…
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:22:26,870 --> 00:22:30,550
1323
+ ุจูŠู‚ุถูˆุง ูุชุฑุฉ ุฃุทูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ double support ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:22:30,550 --> 00:22:35,010
1327
+ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ center of gravity walk with wider base
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:22:35,010 --> 00:22:38,730
1331
+ ุจูŠูˆุณุนูˆุง ุงู„ base of support and have greater
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:22:38,730 --> 00:22:41,630
1335
+ horizontal displacement ู„ู…ุง ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุฃู†ุง wider
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:22:41,630 --> 00:22:44,750
1339
+ base ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ displacement ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ horizontal
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:22:44,750 --> 00:22:49,570
1343
+ displacement of center of gravity ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ they are
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:22:49,570 --> 00:22:55,150
1347
+ fewer or slowerAutomatic movement which may be
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:22:55,150 --> 00:22:59,450
1351
+ another factor increasing the chance of stumbling
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:22:59,450 --> 00:23:04,650
1355
+ or falling ุทุจุนุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ automatic movement ุจุชู‚ู„ ูƒู„
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:23:04,650 --> 00:23:08,990
1359
+ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุชุจุน ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู† ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃุจุทุฃ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:23:08,990 --> 00:23:13,780
1363
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุงุช ูˆุณูŠุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃุจุทุฃ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุงู„ู„ูŠ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:23:13,780 --> 00:23:16,780
1367
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุชุชุนุทุฑูˆุง ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุงู†ู‡ู… ูŠูˆู‚ุนูˆุง
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:23:16,780 --> 00:23:22,840
1371
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุฑุฏุงุช ูุนู„ู‡ู… ุทุจุนุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุทูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ..
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:23:22,840 --> 00:23:28,040
1375
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุนุฑุถูˆู„ู‡ุง ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ In
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:23:28,040 --> 00:23:31,440
1379
+ turn, this may contribute to decrease to floor
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:23:31,440 --> 00:23:34,760
1383
+ clearance ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู…ุงูŠุฑูุนูˆุง ุฑุฌู„ู‡ู… ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนู†
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:23:34,760 --> 00:23:42,670
1387
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุญุชู‰ ู…ุง ูŠูˆู‚ุนูˆุงุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ู†ู‡ูŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุงู† ุนุดุงู†
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:23:42,670 --> 00:23:46,310
1391
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ abnormal
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:23:46,310 --> 00:23:48,150
1395
+ gate ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
1396
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/QJlRIqQmh3o_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/QJlRIqQmh3o_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1396 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:00,000 --> 00:00:02,940
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ูŠ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:02,940 --> 00:00:07,200
7
+ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ูˆุนู„ูŠ ูˆุตุญููŠ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:07,200 --> 00:00:11,260
11
+ ุงู„ gate ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู† ุงู„ additional determinants
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:11,260 --> 00:00:14,220
15
+ of gate ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ determinants ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุญุฏุฏุงุช ุงู„ gate
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:14,220 --> 00:00:17,940
19
+ ุทุจ ู†ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ gate cycle ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ูˆ
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:17,940 --> 00:00:22,260
23
+ ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุฅู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง two phases ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ swing
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:22,260 --> 00:00:26,760
27
+ phase ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ stance phaseูˆ .. ูˆุดุฑุญู†ุง ูƒู„
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:26,760 --> 00:00:30,420
31
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุช .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:30,420 --> 00:00:34,060
35
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุญู„ ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:34,060 --> 00:00:37,200
39
+ active ูˆ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† active ุณูˆุงุก concentric
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:37,200 --> 00:00:41,500
43
+ ุฃูˆ eccentric ุฏูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุฃุดูŠุงุก ู…ู‡ู…ุฉ ุนุดุงู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:41,500 --> 00:00:44,240
47
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง normal get ูˆ ุนุดุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:44,240 --> 00:00:50,540
51
+ get ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุชุนูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ุทุจุนุง
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:00:50,540 --> 00:00:53,520
55
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ููŠ ุงู„ gate ุนู† ุงู„ lower limbุŒ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:00:53,520 --> 00:00:56,800
59
+ ุจู†ุฑูƒุฒ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ lower limbุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุงุŒ ู„ูƒู†
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:00:56,800 --> 00:01:01,460
63
+ ุจุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง other events ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ุนู†ุงุŒ ููŠ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:01,460 --> 00:01:04,700
67
+ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุจุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฌุซุงู…ุŒ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ trunksุŒ ุณูˆุงุก
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:04,700 --> 00:01:08,320
71
+ ููŠ ุงู„ upper limbุŒ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ belfastุŒ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:08,320 --> 00:01:12,240
75
+ step ู†ูุณู‡ุงุŒ ุทูˆู„ู‡ุงุŒ ุงู„ุจุนุฏ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ูŠูŠู† ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ู…ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:12,240 --> 00:01:15,060
79
+ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุญุฏุฏุงุช ุจุชู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง normal gate or
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:15,060 --> 00:01:18,460
83
+ not normal gateุŒ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠุญู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุญุฏุฏุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:18,460 --> 00:01:22,020
87
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุงูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ vertical displacement
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:22,020 --> 00:01:25,200
91
+ ู„ู„center of gravity ูˆ ุงู„ horizontal displacement ูˆ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:25,200 --> 00:01:30,400
95
+ ุญู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ width of walking path ูˆ ุนู† ุงู„ lateral
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:30,400 --> 00:01:33,900
99
+ pelvic tilt ูˆ ุงู„ step length ูˆ ุงู„ arm swing ูˆ
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:33,900 --> 00:01:37,460
103
+ other factors ุฒู‰ ุงู„ head ูˆ ุงู„ trunk ูˆ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃู…ูˆุฑ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:37,460 --> 00:01:42,380
107
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒูŠู ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุถุนูŠุชู‡ุง ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:01:45,840 --> 00:01:49,840
111
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงูˆ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ center of gravity ุงุญู†ุง
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:01:49,840 --> 00:01:52,080
115
+ ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู†ุง ุจู†ู„ุญู‚ ุงู„ center
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:01:52,080 --> 00:01:54,960
119
+ of gravity ุนุดุงู† ู…ุงูŠุตูŠู„ุด falling ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:01:54,960 --> 00:01:59,900
123
+ ุจู†ุชู‚ุฏู… ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ center of gravity ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู„ู‡ ุชุญุฑูƒ
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:01:59,900 --> 00:02:03,140
127
+ ุทุจ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุฑุฌุน ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุงู„ center of gravity ุจูŠู…ุฑ line
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:03,140 --> 00:02:08,880
131
+ of gravity ุจูŠู…ุฑ anterior to second sacral vertebra
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:09,190 --> 00:02:13,350
135
+ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู„ุงู‚ูŠุช ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู† ุงู„
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:13,350 --> 00:02:18,370
139
+ .. ุงู„ center of gravity ุจูŠุทู„ุน ูˆ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุทุจุนุง
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:18,370 --> 00:02:22,750
143
+ ุนุงู„ูŠ ู…ุฑุชูุน ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ single leg support
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:22,750 --> 00:02:26,410
147
+ ุงูˆ ู‡ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ mid stance ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุทูŠ ู„ู…ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ููŠ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:26,410 --> 00:02:30,080
151
+ ุงู„ double supportุทูŠุจ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุซู„ู†ุง
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:30,080 --> 00:02:34,260
155
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ู†ู…ุณูƒู†ุง ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ู†
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:34,260 --> 00:02:39,200
159
+ ุงู„ุชุจุงุดูŠุฑ ูˆู‚ุงุนุฏูŠู† ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ูˆ ุจู†ุญุฏุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ blackboard
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:39,200 --> 00:02:45,860
163
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูˆุญ ุงู„ุฃุณูˆุฏุŸูˆุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุทูŠุจ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:02:45,860 --> 00:02:48,680
167
+ ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู†ุง ุจู†ุฑุณู… ุฒูŠ ุงู„ pops ุงูŠุด ุงู„ pops ุฒูŠ ุงู„ wave
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:02:48,680 --> 00:02:55,980
171
+ like line ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุธุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:02:55,980 --> 00:03:00,340
175
+ ุนู† ุงู„ุงุฑุชูุงุน ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ center of ุงู„ graffiti
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:00,340 --> 00:03:04,040
179
+ ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ูˆ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ูˆ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ุฏุงุฆู…๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:04,040 --> 00:03:06,020
183
+ ุงุญู†ุง vertical displacement of
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:08,540 --> 00:03:13,600
187
+ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุงู†ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:13,600 --> 00:03:18,820
191
+ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณุงู†ุชูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงุนู„ู‰ ุงุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ mid distance ูˆ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:18,820 --> 00:03:23,980
195
+ ุงูˆุทู‰ ุงุดูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ heel strikeDouble subpart ุจู†ุฒู„ ุงู„
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:23,980 --> 00:03:27,540
199
+ center of gravity ููŠ ุงู„ mid distance ุจูŠุฑุชูุน ูŠุนู†ูŠ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:27,540 --> 00:03:30,880
203
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุทูˆู„ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ู‚ู„ ู„ู„ center
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:30,880 --> 00:03:34,980
207
+ of gravity ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ูˆ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:34,980 --> 00:03:37,600
211
+ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ููˆู‚ ูˆ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ ู„ุชุญุช ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง vertical
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:37,600 --> 00:03:42,550
215
+ displacementุทุจ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูˆ ู…ู†
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:42,550 --> 00:03:45,550
219
+ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ู„ู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู‡ุฐู‰ ุงุณู…ู‡ horizontal displacement
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:03:45,550 --> 00:03:48,390
223
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ center of gravity ุงุญู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู…ุด ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุฌูŠุจ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:03:48,390 --> 00:03:52,710
227
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู‚ุฏู… ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุงู„
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:03:52,710 --> 00:03:55,690
231
+ stance ููŠ ุฃุฒู…ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู†ู‚ู„ ูˆุฒู†ู†ุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:03:55,690 --> 00:03:58,830
235
+ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ ุงู„ center of gravity ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:03:58,830 --> 00:04:01,670
239
+ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุญุท ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ heel strike
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:01,670 --> 00:04:06,490
243
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุจู†ุฑุฌุน ููŠู‡ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุนู„ู‰
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:06,490 --> 00:04:09,680
247
+ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ .. ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ูุจุตูŠุฑ ู‡ุงุฏู‰ horizontal
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:09,680 --> 00:04:12,640
251
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง horizontal displacement ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:12,640 --> 00:04:16,900
255
+ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ุงู„ุฃูู‚ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ center of gravity
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:16,900 --> 00:04:20,120
259
+ ูˆู‡ุฏุง ุจู„ุญู‚ ุงู„ weight shifting ู…ู† side ู„ side ุงุญู†ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:20,120 --> 00:04:22,160
263
+ ุทูˆู„ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุงู„ weight shift ุจุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:22,160 --> 00:04:24,700
267
+ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุฑุฌุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:24,700 --> 00:04:28,020
271
+ ุทูˆู„ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุทุจุนุง this displacement ุจุชูƒูˆู†
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:28,020 --> 00:04:31,480
275
+ greatest during single sub part phase ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:31,480 --> 00:04:35,110
279
+ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ mid distance ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญcompletely ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:04:35,110 --> 00:04:39,070
283
+ right side ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠู†ุชู‚ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ left side ู…ุฑุฉ
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:04:39,070 --> 00:04:42,970
287
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ in other words this represent the distance
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:04:42,970 --> 00:04:48,150
291
+ the body must shift horizontally on to one foot so
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:04:48,150 --> 00:04:52,550
295
+ that the other foot can swing forward ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:04:52,550 --> 00:04:57,370
299
+ mid distanceู‡ู‰ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุงุดู‰ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ center of
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:04:57,370 --> 00:05:00,590
303
+ the graffiti ู…ุซู„ุง ุงูุชุฑุถู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูุจุชูƒูˆู†
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:00,590 --> 00:05:04,630
307
+ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ุจุชุนู…ู„ swinging ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุจุชู†ุชู‚ู„
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:04,630 --> 00:05:09,590
311
+ ู„ู‚ุฏุงู… ุงุณุงุณ ุงู†ู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุฎุทูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุนุฏู‡ุง this side ูˆ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:09,590 --> 00:05:12,690
315
+ this side displacement ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† inches
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:12,690 --> 00:05:17,910
319
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ู‰ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ุณู†ุชูŠู†ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนุงู…ู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู‡ู… ุงุญู†ุง
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:17,910 --> 00:05:22,270
323
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ width of walking pairs ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:22,270 --> 00:05:25,350
327
+ ู…ุดูŠู†ุง ุนู…ุฑู†ุง ู„ู… ู†ู…ุดูŠู†ุง ูˆ ุฑุฌู„ูŠู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู‚ูŠู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงูƒูŠุฏ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:05:25,350 --> 00:05:28,770
331
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุฃุฌุฑูŠู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุนู† ุจุนุถ ุญุชู‰ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชูˆุงุฒู†
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:05:28,770 --> 00:05:31,690
335
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุบูŠุฑ ุนุฑุถุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฒูŠุงุก ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:05:31,690 --> 00:05:34,470
339
+ ุจูŠู…ุดูˆุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนุงู…ู„ูŠู† ุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ crossing ู„ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:05:34,470 --> 00:05:37,650
343
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠูŠู† ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุฑุฌู„ูŠู†ุง
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:05:37,650 --> 00:05:41,630
347
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุงุจุนุฏ ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ู… ูŠุจู‚ู‰ youngwhen you walk you
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:05:41,630 --> 00:05:45,030
351
+ do not place your feet one step in front of the
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:05:45,030 --> 00:05:48,050
355
+ other but slightly apart ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงุจู†ู…ุดูŠุด ุนู„ู‰
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:05:48,050 --> 00:05:51,750
359
+ line ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจู„ุงุทูŠู† ูุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:05:51,750 --> 00:05:54,630
363
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุจู„ุงุท๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:05:54,630 --> 00:05:58,730
367
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ุงุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู†ุจู‡ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ line
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:05:58,730 --> 00:06:03,270
371
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจู†ุญุท ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ lineุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:03,270 --> 00:06:06,050
375
+ ุนุฑุถุงุช ุงู„ุฃุฐูŠุงุก ุจุณ ู‡ู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:06,050 --> 00:06:09,330
379
+ line ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู… ุจูŠุนุชุจุฑูˆู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ ู…ุงุจุนุฑูุด ู…ุน ุฃู†ู‡
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:06:09,330 --> 00:06:14,130
383
+ ุงุญู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุจุนูŠุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ normal get if lines were
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:06:14,130 --> 00:06:17,030
387
+ drawn through successive midpoints of the heel
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:06:17,030 --> 00:06:23,380
391
+ contact of one foot ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ุณุงูุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ twoุงู„ู€
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:06:23,380 --> 00:06:28,240
395
+ two feet ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ุงุฑุจุน inches ูŠุนู†ูŠ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:06:28,240 --> 00:06:33,900
399
+ ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุงุฑุจุน ู…ู† ุฎู…ุณุฉ ู„ุชู…ุงู†ูŠุฉ ุตู†ุทูŠ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง this is
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:06:33,900 --> 00:06:37,760
403
+ described as ุงู„ width of walking path ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:06:37,760 --> 00:06:41,380
407
+ ูƒู„ู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจูƒูˆู† ูˆุฌุฑูŠู†ุง ู…ุชุจุนุฏูŠู† ุนู† ุจุนุถ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:06:41,380 --> 00:06:46,670
411
+ ู…ู† ุงุชู†ูŠู† ู„ุงุฑุจุน inchesูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ lateral
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:06:46,670 --> 00:06:52,690
415
+ pelvic tilt ู‡ุงูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุจู‚ู‰
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:06:52,690 --> 00:06:56,150
419
+ ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ุจุชุญุณูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ gluteus maximus ุจุชุทู„ุน ูˆ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:06:56,150 --> 00:06:59,910
423
+ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ูˆ ุจุชุทู„ุน ูˆ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ุทุจุนุง slightly ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:06:59,910 --> 00:07:03,190
427
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู„ุฒูˆู… ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง Trendelenberg
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:07:03,190 --> 00:07:07,570
431
+ sign ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ lateral pelvic tilt
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:07:07,570 --> 00:07:14,670
435
+ ุงู†ู‡ ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู†ุนุงุฏุฉ ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุฅูŠุฏู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ hips
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:07:14,670 --> 00:07:18,770
439
+ ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุจุชุทู„ุน ูˆ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ we notice
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:07:18,770 --> 00:07:23,770
443
+ that they move up and down as your pelvic on each
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:07:23,770 --> 00:07:27,650
447
+ side drops down slightly ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุฅูŠุฏู†ุง
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:07:27,650 --> 00:07:30,950
451
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎูˆุงุตุฑู†ุง ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ anterior superior iliacus
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:07:30,950 --> 00:07:35,310
455
+ slide ุงู„ spine ูˆู…ุดูŠู†ุง ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ูˆุฅุญู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ุฅูŠุฏู†ุง
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:07:35,310 --> 00:07:37,750
459
+ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ูˆ ุจุชุทู„ุน ูˆ ุจุชู†ุฒู„ ูˆ ุจุชุทู„ุน
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:07:43,930 --> 00:07:48,530
463
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ weight bearing taking of the leg at
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:07:48,530 --> 00:07:53,430
467
+ the toes off ุทุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ูˆ ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:07:53,430 --> 00:07:58,570
471
+ slight drop ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ trendelenberg signู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:07:58,570 --> 00:08:04,350
475
+ limping ู‡ุฐุง ุงุดูŠ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู… ุงูƒุชุฑ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ weakness ู„ ุงู„
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:04,350 --> 00:08:08,670
479
+ abductors of the hip ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุจู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุงู†
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:08,670 --> 00:08:13,110
483
+ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุงู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุถุญุฉ ู„ู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:08:13,110 --> 00:08:17,710
487
+ ุตุงุฑุช ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ู‡ุฐูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ mid swing ูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠ ููŠ ุงู„
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:08:17,710 --> 00:08:22,040
491
+ mid stance ูˆ ู‡ุฐูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ mid swingุชู…ุงู…ุŸ ู‡ู„ุฃ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:08:22,040 --> 00:08:25,480
495
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅุญู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ู‡ุงู† ุงู„
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:08:25,480 --> 00:08:30,100
499
+ adductors ุงู„ hip adductorsุŒ abductors ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุงุฒู…
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:08:30,100 --> 00:08:34,120
503
+ ุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง contraction ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ hip ูŠุทู„ุน ูุงู„ู„ูŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:08:34,120 --> 00:08:39,020
507
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุงู† ุจู†ุฒู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ ุจุงู„ููƒูˆ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ .. ุจุชุดุชุบู„
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:08:39,020 --> 00:08:42,540
511
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ drop ู‡ุฐุง ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† excessive
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:08:42,540 --> 00:08:46,260
515
+ ุงูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ adductors ุงู„ hip .. ุงู„ hip abductors
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:08:46,260 --> 00:08:50,140
519
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ู…ุด ุงู„ู…ุฑููˆุน ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุนู„ู‰
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:08:50,140 --> 00:08:54,140
523
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุจุชุนู…ู„ contraction ูˆ ุงู„ erector spinae ุจุชุนู…ู„
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:08:54,140 --> 00:08:57,480
527
+ contraction ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:08:57,480 --> 00:09:02,390
531
+ steeringูƒูŠู ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ couple of forces ู‡ุฏู‰
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:09:02,390 --> 00:09:05,330
535
+ ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ู‡ุฏู‰ ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุซู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ couple of forces ุฒู‰ ู…ุง
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:09:05,330 --> 00:09:09,450
539
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุณูƒูŠู† ุงู„ steering ุงู„ hip abductors ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู†ุฒู„
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:09:09,450 --> 00:09:14,010
543
+ ูˆ ุงู„ hip ูˆ ุงู„ erector spinae ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุฑูุน ุงู„ pelvis
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:09:14,010 --> 00:09:18,150
547
+ ุนุดุงู† ู…ุงูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง excessive drop ู„ู„pelvis ูŠุจู‚ู‰
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:09:18,150 --> 00:09:23,960
551
+ this dip would be greater if itis not or were not
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:09:23,960 --> 00:09:27,040
555
+ for the hip abductor on the opposite side ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:09:27,040 --> 00:09:30,680
559
+ ุงู„ weight bearing side ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ and erector
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:09:30,680 --> 00:09:33,900
563
+ spinae on the same side ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู…ุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ together
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:09:33,900 --> 00:09:39,120
567
+ working to keep ุงู„ุจู„ููƒ essentially ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ level
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:09:39,120 --> 00:09:42,600
571
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ side ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†ู‡ small drop ุงูˆ slight
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:09:42,600 --> 00:09:46,610
575
+ drop ููŠ ุงู„ุจู„ููƒ when the bill fitsdrops on the
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:09:46,610 --> 00:09:50,230
579
+ right side ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ non-weight bearing side ุงู„ left
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:09:50,230 --> 00:09:52,950
583
+ hip ุงู„ weight bearing side is forced into
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:09:52,950 --> 00:09:56,810
587
+ adduction ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู‡ูŠ adoption
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:09:56,810 --> 00:10:01,650
591
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ adoption ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุงู„ููƒุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐุง
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:10:01,650 --> 00:10:05,750
595
+ ุงู„ line ูˆ ุงู„ุฅุฌุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:10:05,750 --> 00:10:09,950
599
+ ุงู„ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ midline ู„ูƒู† ู„ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุงู„ lower limb
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:10:09,950 --> 00:10:13,610
603
+ ุงูˆ left lower limb ุซุงุจุชุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุจู„ููƒ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุฌู‡ ูู‡ูŠ
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:10:13,610 --> 00:10:17,310
607
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุญุฑูƒุฉ adduction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ู†ุนู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ู†ุนู‡ุง ุงู„
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:10:17,310 --> 00:10:20,490
611
+ contraction ู„ู„ hip abductors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุญุจ ุจู‡ุฐุง
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:10:20,490 --> 00:10:24,170
615
+ ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ูุจูŠุทู„ุน ุงู„ุจู„ููƒ ู„ููˆู‚
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:10:27,580 --> 00:10:30,380
619
+ ุทุจุนุง to keep the pelvic level although actually
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:10:30,380 --> 00:10:34,360
623
+ dips slightly the left hip abductors contracts ุฒูŠ
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:10:34,360 --> 00:10:38,380
627
+ ู…ุง ุญูƒูŠู†ุง to prevent the hip adduction at the same
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:10:38,380 --> 00:10:42,680
631
+ time ุงู„ right erector spinae ู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฏูŠ which has
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:10:42,680 --> 00:10:45,680
635
+ attachment on the pelvic contract to pull up
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:10:45,680 --> 00:10:49,880
639
+ ุชุณุญุจู‡ุง ู„ููˆู‚ in the side of the pelvic that wants
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:10:49,880 --> 00:10:54,640
643
+ to drop ูุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ drop ุจุณ slight drop ุทุจุนุง ู„ูˆ ุฒุงุฏ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:10:54,640 --> 00:11:00,790
647
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงุดูŠ ุงูƒุชุฑุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุฑุถู‰ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:11:00,790 --> 00:11:03,910
651
+ step length ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู‡ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ cadence ู…ู‡ู…ุง
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:11:03,910 --> 00:11:07,430
655
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุณุฑุนุชู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ ุงู„ step length should be
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:11:07,430 --> 00:11:12,010
659
+ equal in both distance and time ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ time
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:11:12,010 --> 00:11:14,790
663
+ ููŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง limping ู„ูˆ ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ distance ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:11:14,790 --> 00:11:18,010
667
+ limping ุงูˆ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง sore leg ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฑุฌู„
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:11:18,010 --> 00:11:23,070
671
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุนุฉ ุตุงุฑ ุงู„ step length ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒุฏุŸุฃุญู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:11:23,070 --> 00:11:27,050
675
+ ุงู„ normal gait should be two steps equal ุงู„ step
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:11:27,050 --> 00:11:31,270
679
+ length should be equal in distance and in time ููŠ
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:11:31,270 --> 00:11:35,550
683
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ ุฑู‚ู… ุณุชุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ determinants ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ arm
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:11:35,550 --> 00:11:39,930
687
+ swinging ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุทุจุนุง
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:11:39,930 --> 00:11:42,730
691
+ ุงู„ ุงุชุง ุจุชู…ุดูŠ ูˆ ู…ุด ุฏุงูŠุฑูŠู† ุจุงู„ูƒูˆุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ู…ุดูŠุงุชูƒูˆุง
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:11:42,730 --> 00:11:46,710
695
+ ู„ูƒู† ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู…ุน
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:11:46,710 --> 00:11:51,250
699
+ ุงู„ุงูŠุฏ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุจู†ู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ุงูŠุฏ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:11:51,250 --> 00:11:56,120
703
+ ุงู„ูŠูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุง rotation ู„ู„ trunk ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุฌูŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:11:56,120 --> 00:12:00,880
707
+ ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ swing ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฒู„ ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ููŠ ุงู„
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:12:00,880 --> 00:12:04,780
711
+ stance ุงูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ heel strike ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:12:04,780 --> 00:12:09,150
715
+ ุนู†ุง forward rotation ู„ู„ trunkูุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุงู„ arm ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:12:09,150 --> 00:12:13,050
719
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุญุช ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ rotation
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:12:13,050 --> 00:12:17,530
723
+ ูˆ ุชุนู…ู„ control ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ rotation ูˆ ุชุนู…ู„ู†ุง control
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:12:17,530 --> 00:12:21,290
727
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ amount of rotation ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ a counter
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:12:21,290 --> 00:12:25,230
731
+ rotation ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจู†ู‚ุฏู… ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:12:25,230 --> 00:12:30,250
735
+ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ูุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ trunk ุจุฑูˆุญ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:12:30,250 --> 00:12:36,500
739
+ ูุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุงูŠุฏู†ุง ุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุชุญุฏ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:12:36,500 --> 00:12:41,480
743
+ rotation ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุตุงุฑ ูˆ ุชุนู…ู„ู‡ control ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:12:41,480 --> 00:12:45,580
747
+ other determinants ุทุจุนุง ุฒู‰ ุงู„ head ุงู„ head should
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:12:45,580 --> 00:12:48,840
751
+ be erect ุงู„ shoulder should be ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฑุฃุณู†ุง ูˆ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:12:48,840 --> 00:12:53,520
755
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ุฑุฃุณู†ุง ู…ุฑููˆุนุฉ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ shoulder level
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:12:53,520 --> 00:12:57,740
759
+ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุณุชู‚ูŠู… ูˆ ุงู„ trunk
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:12:57,740 --> 00:13:01,490
763
+ in extensionุนุงุฏุฉ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุตุจุงูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:13:01,490 --> 00:13:05,530
767
+ ุจูŠุญู…ู„ูˆุง ุดู†ุทู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ูƒุชู ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุชุนูˆุฏูŠู† ูุฏุงุฆู…ุง
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:13:05,530 --> 00:13:10,170
771
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ูƒุชู ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ุดู†ุทุฉ ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุฑููˆุน ุงุนู„ู‰
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:13:10,170 --> 00:13:14,390
775
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒุชู ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ูƒุชูุงู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:13:14,390 --> 00:13:18,670
779
+ ุงู„ู…ุณุชูˆู‰ ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ trunk ูŠูƒูˆู† erect in extension
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:13:19,370 --> 00:13:23,150
783
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง when we analyzing someone's gait it is
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:13:23,150 --> 00:13:27,210
787
+ best to view ุงู„ person from both side and in the
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:13:27,210 --> 00:13:30,990
791
+ front and sometime in the back ุงุญู†ุง ุฏุฑุณู†ุง ู…ุน ุจุนุถ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:13:30,990 --> 00:13:35,830
795
+ ุงุฐุง ุจุชุชุฐูƒุฑูˆุง ุตู…ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ introduction ูˆุนู…ู„ู†ุง
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:13:35,830 --> 00:13:40,210
799
+ ููŠู‡ุง ูƒูŠู ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ู† ุงู„ anterior view
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:13:40,210 --> 00:13:43,010
803
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ lateral view ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุดูˆู ููŠ ุงู„ anterior ูˆ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:13:43,010 --> 00:13:47,970
807
+ ุฅูŠุด ุจู†ุดูˆูููŠ ุงู„ lateral view ุทุจุนุง ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู…
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:13:47,970 --> 00:13:52,470
811
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ step length ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ arm swinging ูˆู„ุง
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:13:52,470 --> 00:13:56,630
815
+ ุงู„ head position ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ trunk ูˆู„ุง ุงู„ activity of
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:13:56,630 --> 00:14:00,830
819
+ the lower leg ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ side position ุฃู…ุง
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:14:00,830 --> 00:14:05,170
823
+ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ position of the shoulder ุงู„ head
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:14:05,170 --> 00:14:10,480
827
+ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ front or backูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:14:10,480 --> 00:14:14,620
831
+ ุดุฎุต ู‡ูˆ ุจู…ุดูŠ ุงุฐุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ู‚ูŠู…ู‡ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุจู†ู„ู ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู†ู‡ ุนุณุงุณ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:14:14,620 --> 00:14:17,220
835
+ ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ู…ู† lateral view ู…ู† anterior view ู…ู†
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:14:17,220 --> 00:14:21,220
839
+ posterior view ุนุณุงุณ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุญุฏุฏ ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุงู„
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:14:21,220 --> 00:14:24,380
843
+ .. ุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ lateral view ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ step
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:14:24,380 --> 00:14:27,420
847
+ length ูˆ ุงู„ arm swing ูˆ ุงู„ position of the head
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:14:27,420 --> 00:14:31,400
851
+ and trunk ุงู…ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ anterior view ูุจู†ุดูˆู ุงู„
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:14:31,400 --> 00:14:36,820
855
+ shoulder ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ level ุงูˆ ู„ุฃุทูŠุจ
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:14:36,820 --> 00:14:41,920
859
+ ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ age related gate pattern ุทูŠุจ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:14:41,920 --> 00:14:46,940
863
+ ุตุญูŠุญ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ูƒู„ deviation ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:14:46,940 --> 00:14:51,000
867
+ ุฃูˆ ู…ุด ูƒู„ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ู‡ุง ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:14:51,000 --> 00:14:54,960
871
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ daily ูˆู„ุฏ children
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:14:54,960 --> 00:14:58,300
875
+ ู†ุดูŠุงุชู‡ู… ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† within normal pattern
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:14:58,300 --> 00:15:02,660
879
+ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ูŠ ู†ุดูŠุงุชู‡ู… ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ adult ุฃูˆ ุงู„ younger ..
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:15:02,660 --> 00:15:07,020
883
+ ุฅูŠู‡ adultุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ู…ุด ูƒู„ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ุด ูƒู„ get better
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:15:07,020 --> 00:15:10,560
887
+ ู…ุงุจุชู†ุทุจุฎุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุงุชุนู„ู…ู†ุงู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:15:10,560 --> 00:15:15,320
891
+ abnormal ู‡ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† normal ู„ูƒู† ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุด
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:15:15,320 --> 00:15:19,360
895
+ pathological ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:15:19,360 --> 00:15:23,880
899
+ ู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ characteristics ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนู†
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:15:23,880 --> 00:15:27,340
903
+ ุงู„ younger adult ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:15:27,340 --> 00:15:30,980
907
+ ู„ุณู‡ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุงุดูŠู‡ู… ูˆ ู…ุด ู…ุชูˆุงุฒู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ ุจุงู„ุณู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:15:30,980 --> 00:15:35,510
911
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุงุดูŠู‡ู…ูˆ ู…ุด ู…ุชูˆุงุฒู†ูŠู† ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:15:35,510 --> 00:15:39,710
915
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู‡ู… ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ normal better
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:15:39,710 --> 00:15:43,070
919
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ it is not pathological ู‡ูŠ ุจุณ aging related
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:15:43,070 --> 00:15:48,430
923
+ ุงูˆ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ุง age relating get better ุทุจุนุง these are
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:15:48,430 --> 00:15:52,090
927
+ considered age related not pathological exchanges
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:15:52,090 --> 00:15:56,210
931
+ these ุฏูŠูุฑู†ุณูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ young children ูˆ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ูŠุตูŠุฑ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:15:56,210 --> 00:16:00,430
935
+ ู„ู‡ุง disappeared ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑูˆุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุฑุฌุน
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:16:00,540 --> 00:16:04,080
939
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ characteristic
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:16:04,080 --> 00:16:12,060
943
+ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุน ุงู„ elder ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุจูŠู…ุดูˆุง tend to walk
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:16:12,060 --> 00:16:15,780
947
+ with wider walking base ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ base ุงู„
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:16:15,780 --> 00:16:18,340
951
+ support ุฃูˆ ุงู„ big ุงู„ walking base ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:16:18,340 --> 00:16:21,720
955
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง 2 ู„ 4 inches ููŠ ุงู„ normalููŠ ุงู„ normal
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:16:21,720 --> 00:16:26,020
959
+ adult ูุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ cadence faster ุจุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:16:26,020 --> 00:16:29,220
963
+ ุฃู† ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุจูŠู…ุดูˆุง ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠุจุฏูˆุง
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:16:29,220 --> 00:16:32,580
967
+ ูŠุชุญุฑู‚ ูŠู…ุดูˆุง ุจูŠู…ุดูˆุง ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจุชูˆุงุฒู†ูˆุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:16:32,580 --> 00:16:36,860
971
+ ู‡ู… ุณุฑูŠุนูŠู† ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ stride length ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ู„ุฃู†
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:16:36,860 --> 00:16:41,280
975
+ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุฅุฌุฑู‡ู… ุฃู‚ุตุฑ ู‡ู… ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุฎุทูˆุงุช
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:16:41,280 --> 00:16:46,240
979
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ adult ุฃูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:16:46,240 --> 00:16:50,870
983
+ young adultูƒู…ุงู† ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ุฃุฌุฑู‡ู… ุงู„ initial
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:16:50,870 --> 00:16:53,570
987
+ contact with the floor ุงู„ normal ุนุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ adult
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:16:53,570 --> 00:16:57,070
991
+ ุจูŠุญุทู‡ุง ุจุงู„ heel ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ heel strike ุจูŠู†ู…ุง
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:16:57,070 --> 00:17:01,050
995
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู„ุฃ ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ุงู„ foot flat ุจูŠุญุทูˆุง ุฑุฌู„ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:17:01,050 --> 00:17:06,440
999
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุทุจ ุนุงุฏุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠูŠู†
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:17:06,440 --> 00:17:10,660
1003
+ ุงุจู†ุงุก ุจู†ุญุท ุงู„ heel ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจู†ุญุท ุงู„ .. ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:17:10,660 --> 00:17:13,960
1007
+ heel strike ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† foot flat ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† mid stance
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:17:13,960 --> 00:17:17,260
1011
+ ุงู…ุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุตุบุงุฑ ูุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ู… ุจุชุทุจ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:17:17,260 --> 00:17:21,660
1015
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุทุจ ูƒุงู…ู„ุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง heel strike ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:17:21,660 --> 00:17:24,820
1019
+ people ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† extended during stand phase ุนู„ู‰
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:17:24,820 --> 00:17:27,860
1023
+ ุทูˆู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… knee extension ูˆ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ูƒู…ุงู†
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:17:27,860 --> 00:17:32,890
1027
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… high bar extensionin other words ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:17:32,890 --> 00:17:37,630
1031
+ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ more steps .. take more steps than .. that
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:17:37,630 --> 00:17:40,970
1035
+ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† shorter ูˆ choppy ูˆ ู…ุชู‚ุทุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:17:40,970 --> 00:17:46,390
1039
+ ู‚ุตูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ู…ุชู‚ุทุนุฉ ูˆ faster period ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ..
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:17:46,390 --> 00:17:50,330
1043
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู… ู…ุดูŠุชู‡ู… ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ู… ุจู†ุท ูˆ ู†ุท
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:17:50,330 --> 00:17:54,690
1047
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุด
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:17:54,690 --> 00:17:58,330
1051
+ ู…ุชูˆุงุฒู†ูŠู† ูุจูุถู„ูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠู…ุดูˆุง ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุนุณู‰
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:17:58,330 --> 00:18:03,770
1055
+ ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู…ุง ูŠูˆู‚ุนูˆุดูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุนุฏ ูุชุฑุฉ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ูŠู†ุทุฒู… ู…ุงุดูŠู‡ู…
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:18:03,770 --> 00:18:08,150
1059
+ ูˆ ุจุตูŠุฑ ุฃุจุทุฃ ุดูˆูŠุฉ they also have little or no
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:18:08,150 --> 00:18:11,330
1063
+ reciprocal arm swings ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุถุญ ู„ู…ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:18:11,330 --> 00:18:16,130
1067
+ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ุน ูˆู„ุฏ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠุฏูˆุจ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:18:16,130 --> 00:18:19,570
1071
+ ุจูŠุญุฑูƒูˆุง ุฃุฏูŠู‡ู… ูˆ ู‡ู… ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ุฃูˆ ู…ุงุจูŠุญุฑูƒูˆู‡ุงุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:18:19,570 --> 00:18:22,350
1075
+ ู…ุงููŠุด ุงู„ arm swing ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ู…ุน ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:18:22,350 --> 00:18:25,430
1079
+ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ูˆ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ุดู…ุงู„ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:18:25,430 --> 00:18:30,030
1083
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุงุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุจุชุจูŠู† ู„ู…ุง
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:18:30,030 --> 00:18:32,770
1087
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆู„ุฏ ุตุบูŠุฑ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู…ุน ุญุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:18:38,360 --> 00:18:41,680
1091
+ ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงูƒู†ุด ููŠ ุนู†ุง even in the absence of
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:18:41,680 --> 00:18:44,540
1095
+ pathology ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ elderly adults working better
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:18:44,540 --> 00:18:49,160
1099
+ undergoes changes ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ูƒุจุงุฑ ุจุงู„ุณู† ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงูƒู†ุด
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:18:49,160 --> 00:18:52,240
1103
+ ุนู†๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู‡ู… ู‚ุตูˆุฑ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงูƒู†ุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงูƒู†ุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃู„ู…
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:18:52,240 --> 00:18:56,900
1107
+ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ ุงู„ get better ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:18:56,900 --> 00:19:03,110
1111
+ younger adultsุทูŠุจ ุนุงุฏุฉ there is no universal
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:19:03,110 --> 00:19:06,030
1115
+ agreement on the reason of these exchanges it's
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:19:06,030 --> 00:19:09,890
1119
+ generally felt that sick purity and fear of
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:19:09,890 --> 00:19:13,410
1123
+ falling are the major contributors ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุง ุญุฏ ูุณุฑ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:19:13,410 --> 00:19:18,250
1127
+ ู„ูŠุด ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุบูŠุฑุงุช ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู† ุจุณ ุงู„ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฃู†
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:19:18,250 --> 00:19:22,670
1131
+ ู‡ู… ู„ู…ุง ุชุชุบูŠุฑ ุงู„ pattern ุชุจุน ุงู„ movement ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุช
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:19:22,950 --> 00:19:26,950
1135
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ูŠุญุงูุธูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู† ุชุจุนู‡ู… ูˆ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:19:26,950 --> 00:19:30,510
1139
+ ุญุชู‰ ูŠู…ู†ุนูˆุง ุณู‚ูˆุทู‡ู… ู„ุฅู† ู‡ู… ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง ู…ุงุดูŠูŠู† ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ู…
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:19:30,510 --> 00:19:33,810
1143
+ ู…ุชุซุจุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู… ู…ุงุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุจุฏู‡ู… ูŠู…ุดูˆุง
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:19:33,810 --> 00:19:37,910
1147
+ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ูŠุชุชุนุทุฑูˆุด ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุชุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ..
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:19:37,910 --> 00:19:42,950
1151
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุถุทุฑ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุบูŠุฑ ููŠ ..ุงู„ .. ุงู„ุจุชู… ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:19:42,950 --> 00:19:47,010
1155
+ typically ุงู„ older adult lose muscle mass and less
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:19:47,010 --> 00:19:50,550
1159
+ activity and often have poorer hearing and vision
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:19:50,550 --> 00:19:54,410
1163
+ ูƒู„ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑ ุจุงู„ุณู† ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุชุฑุงุฌุน
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:19:54,410 --> 00:19:59,090
1167
+ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฃุฌู‡ุฒุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุชู„ุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุง
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:19:59,090 --> 00:20:03,820
1171
+ ุงู†ู‚ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจู…ุง ููŠู‡ุงุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ุงู„ุณู…ุนูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ุดุงูƒู„
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:20:03,820 --> 00:20:07,900
1175
+ ุงู„ุจุตุฑูŠุฉ ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฎู„ูŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ุงู†ู‡ ู„ุฃู…ุงู†
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:20:07,900 --> 00:20:11,320
1179
+ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุงู† ุงู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ูŠู…ุดูŠ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:20:11,320 --> 00:20:16,360
1183
+ ุฎุงูŠู ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู‚ูˆุท ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉit should be recognized
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:20:16,360 --> 00:20:19,760
1187
+ that the effect of age are related to many factors
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:20:19,760 --> 00:20:23,040
1191
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ health ูˆ ุงู„ activity level ูˆ ุงู„ attitude
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:20:23,040 --> 00:20:26,660
1195
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ูƒุจุงุฑ ุจุงู„ุณู† ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุดุงุก
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:20:26,660 --> 00:20:31,120
1199
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุดูŠุชู‡ู… ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ูˆ ุฏุงูŠุฑู‡ู… ู†ุงู‡ุฏ ูˆ ู…ุงููŠุด
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:20:31,120 --> 00:20:35,700
1203
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…lucky forces ูˆู„ุง .. ูˆู„ุง ุฅุดูŠ ูˆ .. ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:20:35,700 --> 00:20:40,680
1207
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุดุฑูŠุชู‡ู… ู…ุณุชุตุญู‰ ูˆ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ level of
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:20:40,680 --> 00:20:44,320
1211
+ activity ุชุจุน ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุŒ ุญุณุจ ู†ูุณูŠุงุชู‡ู…ุŒ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ุตุญุฉ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:20:44,320 --> 00:20:47,740
1215
+ ุงู„ุนุงู…ุฉุŒ ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ุฅุฐุง ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…ุด ู…ุฑุงุฏ .. ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ูˆู„ุง
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:20:47,740 --> 00:20:51,400
1219
+ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู„ุณู‡ active ููŠ ู…ุฌุชู…ุนุงุชู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:20:51,400 --> 00:20:54,960
1223
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู†ุงุณ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู…ุฑู‡ู… ุณุจุนูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:20:54,960 --> 00:20:58,200
1227
+ ููŠู‡ู… ุจุชููƒุฑูŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุช .. ุจุชููƒุฑูˆู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุชู†ุงุช ูˆููŠ ู†ุงุณ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:20:58,200 --> 00:21:02,800
1231
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู…ุฑู‡ ุณุจุนูŠู† ุณู†ุฉ ุจุชููƒุฑูŠู‡ ุนู…ุฑู‡ ู…ูŠุฉ ุณู†ุฉ ู„ุฃู† ูƒูŠู
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:21:02,800 --> 00:21:06,700
1235
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุญุณุจ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ู†ุธุฑุชู‡ ู„ู†ูุณู‡ ุญุณุจ ู‡ูˆ ุฅูŠุด ุฏูˆุฑู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:21:06,700 --> 00:21:11,080
1239
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู… ููŠู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌุชู…ุน ุญุณุจ ู‚ุฏุงุด ู‡ูˆ ู†ูุณูŠุง ู…ุฑุชุงุญ ูˆู„ุง
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:21:11,080 --> 00:21:15,170
1243
+ ู…ุด ู…ุฑุชุงุญ ู‡ู„ ุจูŠู…ุงุฑุณ activity ุจูŠู…ุงุฑุณ ุนู…ู„ ู…ุนูŠู†ุจูŠ ..
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:21:15,170 --> 00:21:19,830
1247
+ ุจูŠุณู„ูŠ ุจูŠุถูŠุน ููŠ ูˆู‚ุชู‡ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุทุจุนุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:21:19,830 --> 00:21:23,350
1251
+ ู…ููŠุฏุฉ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ู…ุชุนูˆุฏูŠู† ุงู†ู‡ู… ูŠู…ุดูˆุง ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง exercise
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:21:23,350 --> 00:21:27,110
1255
+ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุชู…ุงุฑูŠู† ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:21:27,110 --> 00:21:30,890
1259
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒุจุฑูˆุง ุจุงู„ุณู† ู…ุด ูƒู„ู‡ู…
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:21:30,890 --> 00:21:36,130
1263
+ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุงู„ typical ู†ูุณ ุงู„ู…ุงุดูŠุฉุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ ุฏุฑู„ูŠ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:21:36,130 --> 00:21:41,830
1267
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ walking ุชุจุนู‡ู… slower ุทุจุนุง ุฃุจุทุฃ ุจูŠู‚ุถูˆุง
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:21:41,830 --> 00:21:45,050
1271
+ ูุชุฑุฉ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ stance phase ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ู… ุจูŠุดุนุฑูˆุง
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:21:45,050 --> 00:21:47,410
1275
+ ููŠู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู…ุงู† ุงู„ stance phase ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:21:47,410 --> 00:21:51,130
1279
+ contact ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ูุชุฑุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ double support ุฅู†
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:21:51,130 --> 00:21:54,950
1283
+ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ุชูŠู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู„ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุดุนุฑ ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุงู† ูˆ
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:21:54,950 --> 00:21:58,930
1287
+ ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‚ุงุนุฏุฉ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ two limbs ุชุจุนูˆู†ู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:21:58,930 --> 00:22:02,100
1291
+ ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู…ุดูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ single support ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุงููŠ ..
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:22:02,100 --> 00:22:05,020
1295
+ ููŠ .. ููŠ .. ููŠ ูุชุฑุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุชุฑุงุช ุงู„ุนู…ุฑูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:22:05,020 --> 00:22:08,360
1299
+ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ุงู„ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ุดุจุงุจ ู…ุงุจูŠู…ุดูˆุด ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:22:08,360 --> 00:22:11,260
1303
+ ุจุชุญุณู‡ู… ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุทูŠุฑูŠู† ุจุฌุฑูˆุง ุจุฌุฑูˆุง ุจุฌุฑูˆุง ุจุฌุฑูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:22:11,260 --> 00:22:14,060
1307
+ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ non-support ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ูˆ ู„ู…ุง
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:22:14,060 --> 00:22:17,260
1311
+ ุจูŠูƒุจุฑ ุชุตูŠุฑ ู„ุฃ ุชุชุญูˆู„ ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ double support ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:22:17,260 --> 00:22:22,160
1315
+ ุจุชุดุนุฑ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจุงู„ุฃู…ุงู† ุฃูƒุชุฑุŒ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏูˆุง ุดูˆุฑุชู‡ ุฑุณุจ ุทุจุนุง
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:22:22,160 --> 00:22:26,870
1319
+ ุนุดุงู† ู…ุงูŠูˆู‚ุนูˆุดvertical displacement ุจุชู‚ู„ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู…
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:22:26,870 --> 00:22:30,550
1323
+ ุจูŠู‚ุถูˆุง ูุชุฑุฉ ุฃุทูˆู„ ููŠ ุงู„ double support ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:22:30,550 --> 00:22:35,010
1327
+ ุจู†ุฒู„ ุงู„ center of gravity walk with wider base
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:22:35,010 --> 00:22:38,730
1331
+ ุจูŠูˆุณุนูˆุง ุงู„ base of support and have greater
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:22:38,730 --> 00:22:41,630
1335
+ horizontal displacement ู„ู…ุง ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุฃู†ุง wider
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:22:41,630 --> 00:22:44,750
1339
+ base ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ displacement ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ horizontal
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:22:44,750 --> 00:22:49,570
1343
+ displacement of center of gravity ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ they are
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:22:49,570 --> 00:22:55,150
1347
+ fewer or slowerAutomatic movement which may be
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:22:55,150 --> 00:22:59,450
1351
+ another factor increasing the chance of stumbling
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:22:59,450 --> 00:23:04,650
1355
+ or falling ุทุจุนุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ automatic movement ุจุชู‚ู„ ูƒู„
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:23:04,650 --> 00:23:08,990
1359
+ ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุชุจุน ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู† ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃุจุทุฃ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:23:08,990 --> 00:23:13,780
1363
+ ุงู„ุงุณุชุฌุงุจุงุช ูˆุณูŠุงู„ุงู† ุงู„ุนุตุจูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃุจุทุฃ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠุงู„ู„ูŠ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:23:13,780 --> 00:23:16,780
1367
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ู… ูŠุชุชุนุทุฑูˆุง ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุงู†ู‡ู… ูŠูˆู‚ุนูˆุง
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:23:16,780 --> 00:23:22,840
1371
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑุŒ ุฑุฏุงุช ูุนู„ู‡ู… ุทุจุนุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุทูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ..
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:23:22,840 --> 00:23:28,040
1375
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู„ุงุดูŠุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุชุนุฑุถูˆู„ู‡ุง ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู…ุดูŠ In
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:23:28,040 --> 00:23:31,440
1379
+ turn, this may contribute to decrease to floor
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:23:31,440 --> 00:23:34,760
1383
+ clearance ุจูŠุญุงูˆู„ูˆุง ุฅู†ู‡ู… ู…ุงูŠุฑูุนูˆุง ุฑุฌู„ู‡ู… ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนู†
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:23:34,760 --> 00:23:42,670
1387
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุญุชู‰ ู…ุง ูŠูˆู‚ุนูˆุงุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ู†ู‡ูŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุงู† ุนุดุงู†
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:23:42,670 --> 00:23:46,310
1391
+ ู†ุจุฏุฃ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ abnormal
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:23:46,310 --> 00:23:48,150
1395
+ gate ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡
1396
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/QQ96c9MFL-g.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1031 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:00,590 --> 00:00:02,850
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:02,850 --> 00:00:07,750
7
+ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู„ูŠู† ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุขู„ู‡ ูˆุตุญุจู‡ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:07,750 --> 00:00:12,890
11
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ููŠ ู…ุณุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ bio mechanics and
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:12,890 --> 00:00:17,590
15
+ kinesiology ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ bio mechanics of
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:17,590 --> 00:00:19,930
19
+ tendon and ligament
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:22,970 --> 00:00:27,530
23
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ tendon ูˆุงู„ู€ ligament ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ connective
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:27,530 --> 00:00:35,130
27
+ tissues ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุจุท ุงู„ู€ bones ุจ ..
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:35,130 --> 00:00:38,370
31
+ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง two bones ููŠ ุจุนุถ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ joints ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:38,370 --> 00:00:43,650
35
+ ligament ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ bone with the muscle ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:43,650 --> 00:00:47,930
39
+ tendon ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู… ู„ู‡ู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจุณ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ููŠ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:47,930 --> 00:00:51,590
43
+ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ collagen ูˆุงู„ู€ .. ูˆุงู„ู€ elastin ู„ูƒู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:51,590 --> 00:00:56,430
47
+ ู‡ู… ุจูŠุญู…ู„ูˆุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ูˆู‡ู… ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ dense
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:56,430 --> 00:01:03,090
51
+ connective tissue ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† around the
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:03,090 --> 00:01:06,850
55
+ joints of the body ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ ligament or tendon
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:06,850 --> 00:01:11,130
59
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ู€ ligament ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุทุฉ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:11,130 --> 00:01:15,530
63
+ tendons ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆุชุงุฑ ูˆูƒู„ู‘ู‡ู… ุจูŠู…ุฑูˆุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:15,530 --> 00:01:19,810
67
+ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ ligaments ู‡ูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุฑุจุท ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ู…ุน
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:19,810 --> 00:01:26,310
71
+ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ tendons ูู‡ูŠ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:26,310 --> 00:01:30,710
75
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:30,710 --> 00:01:38,230
79
+ ุงู„ุดุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ bone ูŠุจู‚ู‰ both located in
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:38,230 --> 00:01:41,410
83
+ and around the joints of the body and as a result
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:41,410 --> 00:01:45,730
87
+ they both subjected to large distractive or tensile
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:45,730 --> 00:01:50,450
91
+ loads ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุดุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุญุงุตู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ ..
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:50,450 --> 00:01:55,430
95
+ ุงู„ุงุซู†ูŠู† ุณูˆุงุก ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุฃูˆ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู…
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:55,430 --> 00:02:00,330
99
+ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุจุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช these are the structures that are
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:00,330 --> 00:02:04,370
103
+ largely responsible for providing joint stability
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:04,370 --> 00:02:07,570
107
+ during movement and function ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ joint
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:07,570 --> 00:02:12,030
111
+ stability ู‡ุฐู‡ ุดูŠุก ูƒุซูŠุฑ fundamental ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุชูƒูˆู†
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:12,030 --> 00:02:16,550
115
+ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูˆููŠู‡ุง ุณู„ุงุณุฉ ูˆููŠู‡ุง smoothness ุนุดุงู† ุฅู† ุงุญู†ุง
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:16,550 --> 00:02:21,630
119
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ligament
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:22,020 --> 00:02:26,780
123
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ muscles ุจุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ muscle ุจุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุงู„ู€
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:26,780 --> 00:02:33,500
127
+ tendon ุงู„ู€ tendon ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุดุจูˆูƒ ุจุงู„ู€ bone ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:33,500 --> 00:02:37,180
131
+ ุงู„ู€ tendon and ligaments are biologically active
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:37,180 --> 00:02:40,590
135
+ structures ู…ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ biological active structure ุฅู†ู‡ู…
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:40,590 --> 00:02:47,270
139
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ generation ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:47,270 --> 00:02:53,650
143
+ ู…ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ู„ู€ injury ู„ู„ู€ aging ู„ุฃูŠ abnormal position ุฒูŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:53,650 --> 00:02:57,350
147
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู€ immobilization ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ alteration ููŠ ุงู„ู€
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:57,350 --> 00:03:02,070
151
+ composition and structure ุจุชู‚ู„ ุฃูˆ ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:02,070 --> 00:03:05,130
155
+ ุจุนุชู…ุฏ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู„ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅู† ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู€
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:05,130 --> 00:03:08,470
159
+ biological active structure ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:08,470 --> 00:03:12,450
163
+ ุงู„ู€ regeneration ุทุจุนุง ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:12,450 --> 00:03:18,890
167
+ ุทุจุนุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู… ุฃูŠุถุง these
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:18,890 --> 00:03:22,630
171
+ changes in the structure affect mechanical properties
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:22,630 --> 00:03:25,820
175
+ of the tendon and ligament and as well the
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:25,820 --> 00:03:31,460
179
+ functioning of the joints they are associated ุทุจุนุง
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:31,460 --> 00:03:36,000
183
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถุญุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ู€ knee
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:44,560
187
+ ู…ูุตู„
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:44,560 --> 00:03:51,700
191
+ ุงู„ู€ knee ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ูู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒุฏู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:51,700 --> 00:03:56,890
195
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ tendon ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุดุจูˆูƒ ุจุงู„ุจุชู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ tendon
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:56,890 --> 00:04:00,990
199
+ of the quadriceps ุฃูˆ tendon ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูˆู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:00,990 --> 00:04:04,350
203
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ cartilage ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ ligament ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:04,350 --> 00:04:11,010
207
+ lateral collateral ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุจุท ุงู„ู€ femur ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:11,010 --> 00:04:16,830
211
+ tibia and also ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ medial collateral
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:16,830 --> 00:04:21,790
215
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงู…ุฏ ูˆlateral collateral ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุจุท ุงู„ู€ femur ู…ุน
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:21,790 --> 00:04:22,870
219
+ ุงู„ู€ fibula
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:25,020 --> 00:04:32,220
223
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:32,220 --> 00:04:38,420
227
+ ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูุฑูˆุถุฉ ู…ู† ุฎูˆุงุต ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ู‡ู†ุง
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:38,420 --> 00:04:45,860
231
+ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ู„ู„ุทุจูŠุจ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ูˆู† ุจุงู„ุทุจ ู…ุน ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:45,860 --> 00:04:49,980
235
+ ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:49,980 --> 00:04:51,360
239
+ ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒูŠุฉ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:53,790 --> 00:04:57,490
243
+ saw that treatments selected will stimulate
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:57,490 --> 00:05:02,110
247
+ positive tissue adaptation and improve joint and
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:02,110 --> 00:05:06,890
251
+ overall function ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู† ูƒุฅุญู†ุง ูƒู€
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:06,890 --> 00:05:12,990
255
+ clinicians ูƒููŠุฒูŠูˆ ุซูŠุฑุงุจูŠุณุช ุฃูˆ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุฃูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃูŠ ุญุฏ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:12,990 --> 00:05:18,510
259
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู€ movement ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:18,510 --> 00:05:21,750
263
+ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ mechanical properties ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ tendon
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:21,750 --> 00:05:26,360
267
+ and ligament ู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ interventions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:26,360 --> 00:05:30,640
271
+ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ exercise ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฏูู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุชุญุณู† ุงู„ู€
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:30,640 --> 00:05:35,600
275
+ movement ูˆุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅู† ุฃูŠ limitation ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ..
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:35,600 --> 00:05:39,000
279
+ ุฃูˆ contracture ููŠ ุงู„ู€ tendon ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ ligament ู‡ุชุนู…ู„
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:39,000 --> 00:05:44,040
283
+ ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ุง limitation ููŠ ุงู„ู€ movement ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ structure
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:44,040 --> 00:05:47,720
287
+ of the connective tissue ุงู„ู€ tendon and ligament
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:47,720 --> 00:05:52,440
291
+ compose of the connective tissue ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:52,440 --> 00:05:57,020
295
+ ุงู„ู€ connective tissue of the body ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุช
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:57,020 --> 00:06:02,080
299
+ provide and maintain ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ body ุทุจุนุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู‡ูŠ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:02,080 --> 00:06:06,540
303
+ supportive ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ tissue ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ ูˆุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:06,540 --> 00:06:10,180
307
+ function ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง mechanical ุจุชุนู…ู„ connection and
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:10,180 --> 00:06:15,320
311
+ bind ู„ู„ู€ cells and organs together ูˆุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ support ู„ุงู„ู€
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:15,320 --> 00:06:18,260
315
+ body ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชุนุทูŠ protection ูˆุจุชุนุทูŠ support
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:18,260 --> 00:06:22,910
319
+ ูˆ ุจุชุนุทูŠ bonding ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ู„ู€ tissues ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฌู…ุน ุฌู…ูŠุน ุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:22,910 --> 00:06:25,570
323
+ ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:25,570 --> 00:06:29,210
327
+ ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:29,210 --> 00:06:31,390
331
+ ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:31,390 --> 00:06:33,310
335
+ ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:33,310 --> 00:06:39,330
339
+ ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:39,330 --> 00:06:44,650
343
+ ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:48,730 --> 00:06:52,270
347
+ ุงู„ู€ connective tissue proper ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ loose and
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:52,270 --> 00:06:58,270
351
+ dense connective tissue ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ loose connective
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:58,270 --> 00:07:01,050
355
+ tissue ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูˆุฅู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ muscle sheets
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:01,050 --> 00:07:05,930
359
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃุบุดูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:05,930 --> 00:07:08,370
363
+ ุงู„ู€ epimysium ูˆุงู„ู€ perimysium ูˆุงู„ู€ endomysium
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:08,370 --> 00:07:13,090
367
+ supporting the epithelial tissue and encircle neuro
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:13,500 --> 00:07:17,580
371
+ vascular bundles ููŠ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุฅู† ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅู†
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:17,580 --> 00:07:24,220
375
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจูŠุจุช .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ nutrition ุนู†
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:24,220 --> 00:07:27,760
379
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ vascularization ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ู€ nervous
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:27,760 --> 00:07:30,340
383
+ system ููŠ connection ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ nervous system ูู‡ุฐู‡
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:30,340 --> 00:07:35,520
387
+ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ tube ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:35,520 --> 00:07:41,280
391
+ bundles of the vascularization and nervous system
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:42,530 --> 00:07:46,990
395
+ Loose connective tissue is very delicate and not
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:46,990 --> 00:07:51,630
399
+ very resistant to stress and strain or strain ู„ุฃู†
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:51,630 --> 00:07:57,630
403
+ ู‡ูŠ loose ููƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ fibers ูˆุงู„ู€ cells ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:57,630 --> 00:08:02,090
407
+ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ matrix ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ู„ูŠุด ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฎููŠูุฉ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:02,090 --> 00:08:07,010
411
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ุงุชูŠู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูู‡ู… ุดุบู„ุฉ ุฅู†
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:07,010 --> 00:08:09,700
415
+ ุงู„ู€ loose connective tissue ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ fibers ูˆุงู„ู€
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:09,700 --> 00:08:14,860
419
+ cells ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆุงู„ู€ .. ูˆุงู„ู€ matrix ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:14,860 --> 00:08:19,060
423
+ extracellular matrix ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:19,060 --> 00:08:26,160
427
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ connective tissues ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:26,160 --> 00:08:30,420
431
+ ุงู„ู€ dense ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ fibers
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:30,420 --> 00:08:33,760
435
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ูˆูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ cells ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ูˆูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ ground
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:33,760 --> 00:08:38,590
439
+ substance ุฃู‚ู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ flexibility
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:39,480 --> 00:08:42,960
443
+ ูˆุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู„ู€ stress ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:42,960 --> 00:08:46,000
447
+ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ pull ู…ู†
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:46,000 --> 00:08:51,440
451
+ ุงู„ู€ muscles ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ bone ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ุทุน ู„ุฃ ุงุญู†ุง
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:51,440 --> 00:08:55,240
455
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ุฅูŠุงู‡ุง ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ stresses ุงู„ู„ูŠ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:55,240 --> 00:08:58,860
459
+ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ ุฃุฑุจุทุฉ ุทุจุนุง
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:58,860 --> 00:09:04,720
463
+ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:04,720 --> 00:09:09,680
467
+ stability of the joint Dermis of the skin is
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:09,680 --> 00:09:13,160
471
+ classified as dense irregular connective tissue
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:13,160 --> 00:09:16,780
475
+ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ fibers ูˆุงู„ู€ bundles ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:16,780 --> 00:09:20,720
479
+ disorganized ูˆู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง orientation ู…ุนูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:20,720 --> 00:09:24,720
483
+ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ tendon ูˆุงู„ู€ ligament ูู‡ูŠ classified as
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:24,720 --> 00:09:27,860
487
+ dense and regular connective tissue ู„ุฃู†
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:27,860 --> 00:09:31,780
491
+ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† fibers ุฃูˆ bundles of fibers ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:31,780 --> 00:09:34,700
495
+ orientation ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ bundles of fibers ู‡ุฐู‡
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:35,010 --> 00:09:38,390
499
+ ุงู„ู€ ligament ูˆุงู„ู€ tendon oriented parallel to
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:38,390 --> 00:09:42,830
503
+ each other ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุชุงู†ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุจุฉ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:42,830 --> 00:09:47,210
507
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ stability this arrangement
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:47,210 --> 00:09:50,890
511
+ make them particularly well adapted to resisting
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:50,890 --> 00:09:55,550
515
+ the traction and tensile force ู„ุฅู† ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:55,550 --> 00:09:59,810
519
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง ู…ุนุฑุถูŠู† ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ pull ุฃูˆ ุงู„ traction ุฃูˆ ุงู„
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:59,810 --> 00:10:03,650
523
+ tension forces ุงู„ู€ composition of tendons and
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:03,650 --> 00:10:08,410
527
+ ligaments ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุฃูŠ dense connective tissue ุงู„
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:08,410 --> 00:10:11,870
531
+ tendons and ligaments composed of two major
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:11,870 --> 00:10:16,790
535
+ compartments ุงู„cell ูˆ ุงู„ extracellular matrix ูŠุนู†ูŠ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:16,790 --> 00:10:19,790
539
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ connective tissue ุฒูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:19,790 --> 00:10:25,870
543
+ ุฒูŠ cocktail ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ูŠุท ุงู„ู€ cell ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ primary cell
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:25,870 --> 00:10:29,170
547
+ type in the tendon and ligament ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ููŠุจุฑูˆุณุงูŠุช
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:29,170 --> 00:10:32,870
551
+ ุงู„ููŠุจุฑูˆุณุงูŠุช ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† mature cell ู„ู…ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:32,870 --> 00:10:36,850
555
+ ููŠุจุฑูˆุณุงูŠุช ู‡ูŠ mature cell called fibroblast ู„ู…ุง
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:36,850 --> 00:10:40,850
559
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† immature ุจุชูƒูˆู† fibroblast when it is
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:40,850 --> 00:10:44,790
563
+ actively manufacturing protein ุงู„ููŠุจุฑูˆุณุงูŠุช ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:44,790 --> 00:10:53,500
567
+ fibroblast ู‡ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ููŠ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:53,500 --> 00:10:58,780
571
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€type ู…ู† ุงู„ู€cells ุงู„ู€cells make up only 20%
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:58,780 --> 00:11:02,440
575
+ of the total tissue volume ุงู„ู€fibroblast ู‡ูŠ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:02,440 --> 00:11:05,900
579
+ ุงู„ู€manufactures ู‡ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ secretion
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:05,900 --> 00:11:09,800
583
+ ู„ู„ู€extracellular matrix ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€extracellular
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:09,800 --> 00:11:14,080
587
+ matrixุŸ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ุงุชูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุจุท
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:14,080 --> 00:11:19,560
591
+ ุงู„ fibers ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ูmake up
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:22,370 --> 00:11:27,710
595
+ 80% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:27,710 --> 00:11:29,230
599
+ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:29,230 --> 00:11:30,170
603
+ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:30,170 --> 00:11:32,210
607
+ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:32,210 --> 00:11:39,930
611
+ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:39,930 --> 00:11:40,030
615
+ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:40,030 --> 00:11:40,450
619
+ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:40,780 --> 00:11:45,360
623
+ ุทุจุนุง of ูƒู…ุงู† ground substance ุทุจุนุง ู„ู‚ูŠุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ ..
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:45,360 --> 00:11:50,580
627
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ mattress ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ุณูŠุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ูŠ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:50,580 --> 00:11:54,440
631
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† gelatinous material that fills the space
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:54,440 --> 00:12:01,140
635
+ between cell and fibers ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:01,140 --> 00:12:05,100
639
+ ุงู„ุฏุนู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุจุท ุงู„ extra cell
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:05,100 --> 00:12:10,040
643
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุจุท ุงู„ fibers ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ cells ู…ุน ุงู„
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:10,040 --> 00:12:14,560
647
+ fibers it is composed of non-collagenous
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:14,560 --> 00:12:18,420
651
+ structures ุฒูŠ ุงู„ glycoproteins ูˆ ุงู„ proteoglycan ูˆ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:18,420 --> 00:12:25,240
655
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ water ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู‚ุฏุงุด ููŠู‡ ุงู† ู†ุณุจ ู„ ุงู„
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:25,240 --> 00:12:30,020
659
+ water ูˆ ุงู„ collagen ูˆ ุงู„ elastin ูˆ ุงู„ proteoglycan
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:30,020 --> 00:12:34,340
663
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ collateral ุงู„ normal media ุงู„
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:34,340 --> 00:12:39,050
667
+ collateral ligaments ุทุจ ุงู„ fibers ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:39,050 --> 00:12:43,070
671
+ collagen ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ collagen ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุฃุจูŠุถ ูู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:43,070 --> 00:12:48,430
675
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุจูŠุถ ู„ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:48,430 --> 00:12:51,790
679
+ fibers ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุฃูˆ ู„ุงู„ ligament ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู„ุงุญุธู†ุง ุฅุญู†ุง
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:51,790 --> 00:12:54,870
683
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ligament ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุฃุจูŠุถ ุบูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงู„
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:54,870 --> 00:12:58,230
687
+ muscle ุงู„ muscle ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ muscle
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:58,230 --> 00:13:05,730
691
+ ู…ู„ูŠุงู†ุฉ blood vessels ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ fibers
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:05,730 --> 00:13:10,130
695
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ุทุจุนุง ู„ blood vessels ุทุจุนุง ูƒู†ุชุด manufactured by
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:10,130 --> 00:13:15,170
699
+ ุงู„ fibroblasts ูˆู‡ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:15,170 --> 00:13:21,640
703
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ immatures ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:21,640 --> 00:13:26,980
707
+ Collagen matures ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ mature ุฃูƒุฑุฑ ููŠู‡ an
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:26,980 --> 00:13:31,640
711
+ increase of both density and stability ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:31,640 --> 00:13:35,780
715
+ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุจุท which result in increased tissue
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:35,780 --> 00:13:39,580
719
+ strength and stiffness many type of collagen have
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:39,580 --> 00:13:43,340
723
+ been identified ู‡ู… ู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏ 19 ูŠุนู†ูŠ 19
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:43,340 --> 00:13:49,040
727
+ different collagen type ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ tendon ูˆ ุงู„
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:49,040 --> 00:13:49,680
731
+ ligaments
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:52,700 --> 00:13:55,580
735
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง tendon ูˆ ุงู„ ligament ุจุชูƒูˆู† primarily ู…ู†
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:55,580 --> 00:14:00,720
739
+ type 1 ุงูˆ ุงู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 70% dry wet with a small amount
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:00,720 --> 00:14:04,920
743
+ of type 3 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:04,920 --> 00:14:08,680
747
+ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ and a trace ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:08,680 --> 00:14:18,600
751
+ ุถุนูŠูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ type ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุงุด ูˆ ู‡ูƒ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:18,600 --> 00:14:23,670
755
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุงุด However, the proportion of
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:23,670 --> 00:14:26,750
759
+ collagen type present various amounts specific
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:14:26,750 --> 00:14:32,130
763
+ tendon and ุทุจุนุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ู†ุณุจ ู„ู„ ..
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:32,130 --> 00:14:35,770
767
+ ุงู„ collagen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠ ุงู„ tendon ูˆ ุงู„ ligament
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:35,770 --> 00:14:39,990
771
+ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุญุณุจ ุงู„ ligament ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง example ุงู„ tendon
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:39,990 --> 00:14:43,770
775
+ ุจุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ type 3 collagen ูˆ ุงู„
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:43,770 --> 00:14:49,910
779
+ ligament ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ type 3 collagen ุทูŠุจ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:51,980 --> 00:14:55,980
783
+ ู‡ู„ุฃ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Elastin ุงู„ู€ Elastin ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:55,980 --> 00:15:02,180
787
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู†ุณุจ ุฃู‚ู„ ููŠ ุงู„
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:02,180 --> 00:15:05,660
791
+ .. ููŠ ุงู„ ligament ููŠ ุงู„ fibers composition of the
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:05,660 --> 00:15:09,300
795
+ ligament ุงู„ุชู†ุฏู† ููŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ elastin ุนุดุงู†ูƒ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:09,300 --> 00:15:13,940
799
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชู†ุฏู† ููŠ less elasticity ุทุจุนุง
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:13,940 --> 00:15:16,840
803
+ ุงู„ proportion ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ elastin ูˆ ุงู„
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:16,840 --> 00:15:21,130
807
+ collagen ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€ ligament ูˆ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ูˆ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:21,130 --> 00:15:24,170
811
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุถุฑู‡ ูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ lower limb big joint
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:24,170 --> 00:15:28,370
815
+ small joint ุญุณุจ ุงู„ joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ in
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:28,370 --> 00:15:32,450
819
+ most ligaments of the joints as in tendon ุงู„
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:32,450 --> 00:15:37,050
823
+ collagen present in much high proportion than
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:15:37,050 --> 00:15:40,830
827
+ elastin ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† collagen ุณูˆุงุก ููŠ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:15:40,830 --> 00:15:44,110
831
+ ุงู„ ligament ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ tendon
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:15:48,360 --> 00:15:52,020
835
+ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ Ground Substance ูู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† non-fibrous
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:15:52,020 --> 00:15:56,620
839
+ part of extracellular material composed of
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:15:56,620 --> 00:16:01,480
843
+ glycoprotein ูˆุจุฑูˆุชูŠูˆะณะปะธูƒุงู† ูˆูƒู…ุงู† water ุฅูŠุด ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:16:01,480 --> 00:16:05,620
847
+ ุชุนู…ู„ adhesions of cells to the fibers and other
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:05,620 --> 00:16:10,860
851
+ extracellular matter ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ glue ุฒูŠ ุณู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:16:10,860 --> 00:16:15,760
855
+ ุจูŠุฌู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูˆุจูŠุฑุจุทู‡ุง ููŠ ุจุนุถู‡ุง
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:16:20,470 --> 00:16:26,830
859
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ protein glucan ุจูŠุชู…ุซู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 1% ู…ู†
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:26,830 --> 00:16:32,070
863
+ ุงู„ tendon total dry weight ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ key role
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:32,070 --> 00:16:38,590
867
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุดูƒู„ูˆุง key role ููŠ ุงู„ ligament ูˆ ุงู„
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:38,590 --> 00:16:43,610
871
+ tendon function ู„ุฅู† ู‡ู… ุจูŠุญุงูุธูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฑุงุจุท ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:43,610 --> 00:16:48,620
875
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠูˆ .. ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠูˆ ูƒู„ูŠุฑุงู†ุณ also
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:48,620 --> 00:16:51,620
879
+ help in regulate .. maintain the structural
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:16:51,620 --> 00:16:54,760
883
+ organization of the tissue by providing ุจุนุถ ุงู„
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:16:54,760 --> 00:16:59,500
887
+ support ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ spacing ุจูŠู† ุงู„ cells ูˆ ุงู„
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:16:59,500 --> 00:17:05,190
891
+ fibers of connective tissue ุงู„ู€ vascular supply of
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:17:05,190 --> 00:17:07,950
895
+ the tendon and ligament ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ tendon ูˆ ุงู„
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:17:07,950 --> 00:17:11,730
899
+ ligament ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ู… less vascularization than ุงู„
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:17:11,730 --> 00:17:14,530
903
+ muscle ุงู„ muscle ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฅู†ู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง highly
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:17:14,530 --> 00:17:17,510
907
+ vascularized ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ูˆุฑุฏูŠ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:17,510 --> 00:17:20,010
911
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ tendon ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:20,010 --> 00:17:23,690
915
+ vascularization ู .. ูˆ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุทุงุจุน ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:23,690 --> 00:17:27,530
919
+ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ collagen ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ู…ุงุฆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูŠุงุฏ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:27,530 --> 00:17:31,310
923
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุงู„ู€ blood vessels in the tendons represent
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:31,310 --> 00:17:38,530
927
+ only about 1% ู„2% of the extracellular matrix,
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:17:39,690 --> 00:17:42,130
931
+ thus appear white compared to the highly
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:17:42,130 --> 00:17:45,410
935
+ musculated color of the muscle from which they
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:17:45,410 --> 00:17:51,030
939
+ originate ุงู„ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุชู†ุฏู† receive their blood supply
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:17:51,030 --> 00:17:55,800
943
+ directly ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูŠู…ูŠุฏูŠุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุดุงุก
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:17:55,800 --> 00:18:01,820
947
+ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ outer part
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:18:01,820 --> 00:18:08,080
951
+ of the muscle ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุŒ ุงู„ุบุดุงุก ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูˆูƒู…ุงู†
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:18:08,080 --> 00:18:13,340
955
+ ู…ู† ุงู„periosteum insertion ูˆู‚ุชุด ุงู„ tendon ุจูŠู…ุณูƒ ุจุงู„
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:18:13,340 --> 00:18:18,080
959
+ bone ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ periosteum insertion ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ูˆูƒู…ุงู†
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:18:18,080 --> 00:18:23,840
963
+ ููŠ ุงู„ surrounding tissue ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:18:23,840 --> 00:18:27,180
967
+ nutrition ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ neural component of the tendon
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:18:27,180 --> 00:18:33,180
971
+ and ligament ุทุจุนุง ููŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ููŠู‡
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:18:33,180 --> 00:18:35,760
975
+ various specialized nervous endings ุฃูˆ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:18:35,760 --> 00:18:39,100
979
+ mechanoreceptors ููŠ ุงู„ ligament ูˆููŠ ุงู„ tendon ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:18:39,100 --> 00:18:46,730
983
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุชุชุญู‚ู‚ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:18:46,730 --> 00:18:49,490
987
+ ุงู„ู€position ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุฏ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€proprioception ูˆ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:18:49,490 --> 00:18:55,910
991
+ ุงู„ู€nociceptions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูุจุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:18:55,910 --> 00:18:59,870
995
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€nociceptors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:18:59,870 --> 00:19:03,350
999
+ ุงู„ู€proprioceptors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:19:03,350 --> 00:19:07,430
1003
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ligament and tendon ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุนุฑู ูˆุถุนูŠุฉ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:19:07,430 --> 00:19:14,960
1007
+ ุงู„ู€chance ุฃูˆ ูƒูŠู ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ movement ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ joint
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:19:14,960 --> 00:19:19,860
1011
+ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€blood ุงู„ู€nervous ุงู„ู€nerve ending ู‡ุฐู‡
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:19:19,860 --> 00:19:25,840
1015
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ regulation ู„ู„ู€blood flow ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ู€ุชู†ุถู…ุงู…
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:19:25,840 --> 00:19:30,800
1019
+ ุจู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ูˆู†ุฑุงูƒู…
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:19:30,800 --> 00:19:34,680
1023
+ ููŠ ู„ู‚ุงุก ุขุฎุฑ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ู€biomechanical
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:19:34,680 --> 00:19:38,800
1027
+ properties of the ligaments
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:19:40,790 --> 00:19:41,830
1031
+ ุนู† ุชู†ุธูŠู…
PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/QQ96c9MFL-g_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1032 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:00,590 --> 00:00:02,850
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:02,850 --> 00:00:07,750
7
+ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู„ูŠู† ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุฃู„ูŠู‡ ูˆุตุญุจูŠู‡ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:07,750 --> 00:00:12,890
11
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุงู„ุณุงุจุนุฉ ููŠ ู…ุณุงู‚ู‰ ุงู„ bio mechanics and
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:12,890 --> 00:00:17,590
15
+ kinesiology ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ bio mechanics of
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:17,590 --> 00:00:19,930
19
+ tendon and ligament
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:22,970 --> 00:00:27,530
23
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ tendon ูˆุงู„ ligament ู‡ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ connective
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:27,530 --> 00:00:35,130
27
+ tissues ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุจุท ุงู„ bones ุจ ..
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:35,130 --> 00:00:38,370
31
+ ูŠุง ุงู…ุง two bones ููŠ ุจุนุถ ููŠ ุงู„ joints ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุฒู‰ ุงู„
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:38,370 --> 00:00:43,650
35
+ ligamentุฃูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ bone with the muscle ุฒูŠ ุงู„
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:43,650 --> 00:00:47,930
39
+ tendon ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู… ู„ู‡ู… ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ุจุณ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ููŠ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:47,930 --> 00:00:51,590
43
+ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ .. ุงู„ collagen ูˆ ุงู„ .. ูˆ ุงู„ elastin ู„ูƒู†
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:51,590 --> 00:00:56,430
47
+ ู‡ู… ุจูŠุญู…ู„ูˆุง ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุต ูˆ ู‡ู… ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ dense
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:56,430 --> 00:01:03,090
51
+ connective tissue ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† around the
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:03,090 --> 00:01:06,850
55
+ joints of the bodyุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู† ุงู„ ligament or tendon
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:06,850 --> 00:01:11,130
59
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงู„ ligament ู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุทุฉ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:11,130 --> 00:01:15,530
63
+ tendons ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆุชุงุฑ ูˆ ูƒู„ู‡ู… ุจูŠู…ุฑูˆุง ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:15,530 --> 00:01:19,810
67
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุงู„ู€ ligaments ู‡ูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุฑุจุท ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ู…ุน
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:19,810 --> 00:01:26,310
71
+ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ูˆุฃู…ุง ุงู„ tendons ูู‡ูŠ
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:26,310 --> 00:01:30,710
75
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชู‚ูˆู… ุจุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:30,710 --> 00:01:38,230
79
+ ุงู„ุดุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ bone ูŠุจู‚ู‰ both located in
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:38,230 --> 00:01:41,410
83
+ and around the joints of the body and as a result
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:41,410 --> 00:01:45,730
87
+ they both subjected to largedistractive or tensile
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:45,730 --> 00:01:50,450
91
+ loads ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนู…ู„ูŠุงุช ุงู„ุดุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุญุงุตู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ..
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:50,450 --> 00:01:55,430
95
+ ุงู„ุชู†ูŠู† ุณูˆุงุก ุฏุฑูˆุณ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุฃูˆ ุฎุงุฑุฌ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู…
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:55,430 --> 00:02:00,330
99
+ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุจุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช these are the structures that are
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:02:00,330 --> 00:02:04,370
103
+ largely responsiblefor providing joint stability
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:04,370 --> 00:02:07,570
107
+ during movement and function ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ joint
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:07,570 --> 00:02:12,030
111
+ stability ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงุดูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ fundamental ุญุชู‰ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุชูƒูˆู†
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:12,030 --> 00:02:16,550
115
+ ุทุจูŠุนูŠุฉ ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง ุณู„ุงุณุฉ ูˆ ููŠู‡ุง smoothness ุนุณุงุณ ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:16,550 --> 00:02:21,630
119
+ ู„ู…ุง ุจุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ ligament
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:22,020 --> 00:02:26,780
123
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ muscles ุจุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ muscle ุจุงู„ูŠ ู„ุงู„
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:26,780 --> 00:02:33,500
127
+ tendon ุงู„ tendon ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุดุจูˆูƒ ุจุงู„ bone ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:33,500 --> 00:02:37,180
131
+ ุงู„ tendon and ligaments are biologically active
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:37,180 --> 00:02:40,590
135
+ structuresู…ุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ biological active structure ุงู†ู‡ู…
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:40,590 --> 00:02:47,270
139
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ generation ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:47,270 --> 00:02:53,650
143
+ ู…ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ู„ injury ู„ู„ aging ู„ุฃูŠ abnormal position ุฒูŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:53,650 --> 00:02:57,350
147
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ immobilization ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠ alteration ููŠ ุงู„
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:57,350 --> 00:03:02,070
151
+ composition and structureุจุชู‚ู„ ุฃูˆ ุจุงุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฎูˆุงุตุฉ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:02,070 --> 00:03:05,130
155
+ ุจุนุชู…ุฏ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ูƒู„ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:05,130 --> 00:03:08,470
159
+ biological active structure ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:08,470 --> 00:03:12,450
163
+ ุงู„ regeneration ุทุจุนุง ุฅุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:12,450 --> 00:03:18,890
167
+ ุทุจุนุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู‡ุฏู… ุฃูŠุถุง these
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:18,890 --> 00:03:22,630
171
+ changes in ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉ affect mechanical improperities
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:22,630 --> 00:03:25,820
175
+ ofthe tendon and ligament and as well the
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:25,820 --> 00:03:31,460
179
+ functioning of the joints they are associated ุทุจุนุง
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:31,460 --> 00:03:36,000
183
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุถุญุฉ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ knee
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:36,000 --> 00:03:44,560
187
+ ู…ูุตู„
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:44,560 --> 00:03:51,700
191
+ ุงู„ knee ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ูู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒู‡ู†ุง ููŠ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:51,700 --> 00:03:56,890
195
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ tendonุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุดุจูˆูƒ ุจุงู„ ุจุชู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ tendon
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:56,890 --> 00:04:00,990
199
+ of the quadriceps ุงูˆ tendon ุจุชู„ุงุฆูŠ ูˆู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:04:00,990 --> 00:04:04,350
203
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ cartilage ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ ligament ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:04,350 --> 00:04:11,010
207
+ lateral collateral ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุจุท ุงู„ููŠู…ุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ ุงู„
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:11,010 --> 00:04:16,830
211
+ tibia and also ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ media ุงู„ collateral
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:16,830 --> 00:04:21,790
215
+ ู„ุฌุงู…ุฏ ูˆ lateral collateral ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุจุท ุงู„ููŠู…ุฑ ู…ุน
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:21,790 --> 00:04:22,870
219
+ ุงู„ููŠุจูˆู„ุง
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:25,020 --> 00:04:32,220
223
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณู„ุญุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ุถุฌ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:32,220 --> 00:04:38,420
227
+ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุถุฌ ุณุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูุฑูˆุถุฉ ู…ู† ู…ุฌู„ุณ ุงู„ุชู†ุถุฌ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุถุฌ ู‡ู†ุง
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:38,420 --> 00:04:45,860
231
+ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู… ู„ู„ุทุจุงู„ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠุชุนุงู…ู„ูˆู† ุจุงู„ุทุจ ู…ุน ุชู†ุถุฌ ูˆุชู†ุถุฌ
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:45,860 --> 00:04:49,980
235
+ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุถุฌ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุถุฌ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุงุช
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:49,980 --> 00:04:51,360
239
+ ุงู„ุชุณู„ุณู„ูŠุฉ ูˆู…ูŠูƒุงู†ูŠูƒุงู„ูŠุฉ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:53,790 --> 00:04:57,490
243
+ saw that treatments selected will stimulate
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:57,490 --> 00:05:02,110
247
+ positive tissue adaptation and improve joint and
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:05:02,110 --> 00:05:06,890
251
+ overall function ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ูƒุงุญู†ุง ูƒ
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:05:06,890 --> 00:05:12,990
255
+ clinicians ูƒููŠุฒูŠูˆ ุชูŠุฑุงุจูŠุณ ุงูˆ ุฏูƒุชูˆุฑ ุงูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠ ุญุฏ
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:12,990 --> 00:05:18,510
259
+ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ movement ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุนุฑูุฉ
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:18,510 --> 00:05:21,750
263
+ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ mechanical properties ุชุจุน ุงู„ tendon
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:21,750 --> 00:05:26,360
267
+ and ligamentู‡ูˆ ูƒู„ ุงู„ interventions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:26,360 --> 00:05:30,640
271
+ ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ exercise ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฏูู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุญุณู† ุงู„
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:30,640 --> 00:05:35,600
275
+ movement ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†ู‡ ุงูŠ limitation ููŠ ุงู„ ..
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:35,600 --> 00:05:39,000
279
+ ุงูˆ contracture ููŠ ุงู„ tendon ุงูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠุฌุงู…ู†ุช ู‡ุชุนู…ู„
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:39,000 --> 00:05:44,040
283
+ ุงู†ู‡ุง limitation ููŠ ุงู„ movement ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ structure
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:44,040 --> 00:05:47,720
287
+ of the connective tissue ุงู„ tendon and ligament
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:47,720 --> 00:05:52,440
291
+ compose of the connective tissue ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:52,440 --> 00:05:57,020
295
+ ุงู„ู€ connective tissue of the body ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง ุช
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:57,020 --> 00:06:02,080
299
+ provide and maintain ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ body ุทุจุนุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ู‡ูŠ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:02,080 --> 00:06:06,540
303
+ supportive ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ tissue ูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:06,540 --> 00:06:10,180
307
+ function ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง mechanical ุจุชุนู…ู„ connection and
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:10,180 --> 00:06:15,320
311
+ bind ู„ุณู„ ูˆ organs together ูˆ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ support ู„ ุงู„
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:15,320 --> 00:06:18,260
315
+ body ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชุนุทูŠ protection ูˆ ุจุชุนุทูŠ support
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:18,260 --> 00:06:22,910
319
+ ูˆ ุจุชุนุทูŠ bonding ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฌู…ุน ุฌู…ูŠุน ุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:22,910 --> 00:06:25,570
323
+ ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:25,570 --> 00:06:29,210
327
+ ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:29,210 --> 00:06:31,390
331
+ ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:31,390 --> 00:06:33,310
335
+ ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:33,310 --> 00:06:39,330
339
+ ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:39,330 --> 00:06:44,650
343
+ ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ูˆุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:48,730 --> 00:06:52,270
347
+ ุงู„ู€ connective tissue proper ู„ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ loose and
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:52,270 --> 00:06:58,270
351
+ dense connective tissue ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ loose connective
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:58,270 --> 00:07:01,050
355
+ tissue ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ูˆุงู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ muscle sheets
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:07:01,050 --> 00:07:05,930
359
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจุงู„ุฃุบุดูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:05,930 --> 00:07:08,370
363
+ ุงู„ุงุจูŠู…ูŠุฒูŠูˆู… ูˆ ุงู„ุจุฑูŠู…ูŠุฒูŠูˆู… ูˆ ุงู„ุงู†ุฏูˆู…ูŠุฒูŠูˆู…
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:08,370 --> 00:07:13,090
367
+ supporting ุงู„ epithelial tissue and encircle neuro
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:13,500 --> 00:07:17,580
371
+ vascular bundles ููŠ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู† ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:17,580 --> 00:07:24,220
375
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุจูŠุจุช .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ nutrition ุนู†
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:24,220 --> 00:07:27,760
379
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ vascularization ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุจูŠุฌูŠ ุงู„ nervous
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:27,760 --> 00:07:30,340
383
+ system ููŠ connection ู…ุน ุงู„ nervous system ูู‡ุฐู‡
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:30,340 --> 00:07:35,520
387
+ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ tube ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ุง ุงู„
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:35,520 --> 00:07:41,280
391
+ bundles of ุงู„ vascularization and nervous system
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:42,530 --> 00:07:46,990
395
+ Lose connective tissue is very delicate and not
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:46,990 --> 00:07:51,630
399
+ very resistant to stress and strain or strain ู„ุฃู†
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:51,630 --> 00:07:57,630
403
+ ู‡ูŠ loose ููƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ fibers ูˆ ุงู„ cells ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:57,630 --> 00:08:02,090
407
+ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ matrix ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ู„ูŠุด ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฎููŠูุฉ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:08:02,090 --> 00:08:07,010
411
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ุงุชูŠู† ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูู‡ู… ุดุบู„ุฉ ุฃู†
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:08:07,010 --> 00:08:09,700
415
+ ุงู„ lose connective tissue ูƒู…ูŠุฉุงู„ู€ fibers ูˆ ุงู„
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:09,700 --> 00:08:14,860
419
+ cells ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ .. ูˆ ุงู„ matrix ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:14,860 --> 00:08:19,060
423
+ extra cellular matrix ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:19,060 --> 00:08:26,160
427
+ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ connective tissues ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:26,160 --> 00:08:30,420
431
+ ุงู„ dense ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุญุชุฎุชู„ู ุจุญุชุตุฑ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ fibers
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:30,420 --> 00:08:33,760
435
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ cells ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ูˆ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ ุงู„ ground
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:33,760 --> 00:08:38,590
439
+ substance ุฃู‚ู„ูู‡ูŠ ุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ flexibility
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:39,480 --> 00:08:42,960
443
+ ูˆุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู„ stress ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:42,960 --> 00:08:46,000
447
+ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ pull ู…ู†
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:46,000 --> 00:08:51,440
451
+ ุงู„ muscles ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ bone ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ุทุน ู„ุฃ ุงุญู†ุง
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:51,440 --> 00:08:55,240
455
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ุชู†ุถู† ุฃูˆูŠ ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ stresses ุงู„ู„ูŠ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:55,240 --> 00:08:58,860
459
+ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ูŠู‡ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ arbita ุทุจุนุฉ
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:58,860 --> 00:09:04,720
463
+ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูˆูŠุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:04,720 --> 00:09:09,680
467
+ stability of the shrineDermis of the skin is
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:09,680 --> 00:09:13,160
471
+ classified as dense irregular connective tissue
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:13,160 --> 00:09:16,780
475
+ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ fibers ูˆ ุงู„ bundles ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:16,780 --> 00:09:20,720
479
+ disorganized ูˆ ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง orientation ู…ุนูŠู† ููŠู‡ุง
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:20,720 --> 00:09:24,720
483
+ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ tendon ูˆ ุงู„ ligament ูู‡ูŠ classified as
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:24,720 --> 00:09:27,860
487
+ dense and regular irregular connective tissue ู„ุฃู†
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:27,860 --> 00:09:31,780
491
+ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† fibers ุฃูˆ bundles of fibers ูู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:31,780 --> 00:09:34,700
495
+ orientation ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ bundles of fibers ู‡ุฐู‡
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:35,010 --> 00:09:38,390
499
+ ุงู„ู€ ligament ูˆ ุงู„ู€ tendon oriented parallel to
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:38,390 --> 00:09:42,830
503
+ each other ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ุชุงู†ุฉ ูˆุงู„ุตู„ุงุจุฉ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:42,830 --> 00:09:47,210
507
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ stability this arrangement
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:47,210 --> 00:09:50,890
511
+ make them particularly well adapted to resisting
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:50,890 --> 00:09:55,550
515
+ the traction and tensile force ู„ุฅู† ู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:55,550 --> 00:09:59,810
519
+ ุจูŠุจู‚ูˆุง ู…ุนุฑุถูŠู† ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ pull ุฃูˆ ุงู„ traction ุฃูˆ ุงู„
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:59,810 --> 00:10:03,650
523
+ tension forcesุงู„ู€ composition of tendons and
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:03,650 --> 00:10:08,410
527
+ ligaments ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุฃูŠ dense connective tissue ุงู„
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:08,410 --> 00:10:11,870
531
+ tendons and ligaments composed of two major
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:11,870 --> 00:10:16,790
535
+ compartment ุงู„cell ูˆ ุงู„ extracellular matrix ูŠุนู†ูŠ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:16,790 --> 00:10:19,790
539
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ connective tissue ุฒูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:19,790 --> 00:10:25,870
543
+ ุฒูŠ cocktail ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ูŠุทุงู„ู€ cell ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ primary cell
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:25,870 --> 00:10:29,170
547
+ type in the tendon and ligament ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ููŠุจุฑูˆุณุงูŠุช
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:29,170 --> 00:10:32,870
551
+ ุงู„ููŠุจุฑูˆุณุงูŠุช ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† mature cell ู„ู…ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:32,870 --> 00:10:36,850
555
+ ููŠุจุฑูˆุณุงูŠุช ู‡ูŠ mature cell called fibroblast ู„ู…ุง
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:36,850 --> 00:10:40,850
559
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† immature ุจุชูƒูˆู† fibroblast when it is
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:40,850 --> 00:10:44,790
563
+ actively manufacturing protein ุงู„ููŠุจุฑูˆุณุงูŠุช ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:44,790 --> 00:10:53,500
567
+ fibroblast ู‡ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุนููŠ
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:53,500 --> 00:10:58,780
571
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€type ู…ู† ุงู„ู€cells ุงู„ู€cells make up only 20%
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:58,780 --> 00:11:02,440
575
+ of the total tissue volume ุงู„ู€fibrostatic blast ู‡ูŠ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:02,440 --> 00:11:05,900
579
+ ุงู„ู€manufactures ู‡ูŠ ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ูˆุจุชุนู…ู„ secretion
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:05,900 --> 00:11:09,800
583
+ ู„ู„ู€extracellular matrix ุทุจ ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€extracellular
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:09,800 --> 00:11:14,080
587
+ matrixุŸ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ุฌูŠู„ุงุชูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุจุท
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:14,080 --> 00:11:19,560
591
+ ุงู„ fibers ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ูmake up
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:22,370 --> 00:11:27,710
595
+ 80% ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:27,710 --> 00:11:29,230
599
+ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:29,230 --> 00:11:30,170
603
+ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:30,170 --> 00:11:32,210
607
+ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:32,210 --> 00:11:39,930
611
+ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:39,930 --> 00:11:40,030
615
+ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:40,030 --> 00:11:40,450
619
+ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:40,780 --> 00:11:45,360
623
+ ุทุจุนุง of ูƒู…ุงู† ground substance ุทุจุนุง ู„ู‚ูŠุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ ..
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:45,360 --> 00:11:50,580
627
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ mattress ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ุณูŠุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ูŠ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:50,580 --> 00:11:54,440
631
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† gelatinous material that fills the space
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:54,440 --> 00:12:01,140
635
+ between cell and fibers ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:01,140 --> 00:12:05,100
639
+ ุงู„ุฏุนู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฑุงุจุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุจุท ุงู„ extra cell
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:05,100 --> 00:12:10,040
643
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฑุจุท ุงู„ fibersู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ูˆ ุงู„ cells ู…ุน ุงู„
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:10,040 --> 00:12:14,560
647
+ fibers it is composed of non-collagenous
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:14,560 --> 00:12:18,420
651
+ structures ุฒูŠ ุงู„ glycoproteins ูˆ ุงู„ proteoglycan ูˆ
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:18,420 --> 00:12:25,240
655
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ water ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู‚ุฏุงุด ููŠู‡ ุงู† ู†ุณุจ ู„ ุงู„
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:25,240 --> 00:12:30,020
659
+ water ูˆ ุงู„ collagen ูˆ ุงู„ elastin ูˆ ุงู„ proteoglycan
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:30,020 --> 00:12:34,340
663
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ collateral ุงู„ normal media ุงู„
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:34,340 --> 00:12:39,050
667
+ collateral ligamentsุทุจ ุงู„ fibers ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:39,050 --> 00:12:43,070
671
+ collagen ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ collagen ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุฃุจูŠุถ ูู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:43,070 --> 00:12:48,430
675
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ุฃุจูŠุถ ู„ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:48,430 --> 00:12:51,790
679
+ fibers ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุฃูˆ ู„ุงู„ ligament ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู„ุงุญุธู†ุง ุฅุญู†ุง
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:51,790 --> 00:12:54,870
683
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ligamentุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุฃุจูŠุถ ุบูŠุฑ ุนู† ุงู„
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:54,870 --> 00:12:58,230
687
+ muscle ุงู„ muscle ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ุฃุญู…ุฑ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ muscle
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:58,230 --> 00:13:05,730
691
+ ู…ู„ูŠุงู†ุฉ blood vessels ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ fibers
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:05,730 --> 00:13:10,130
695
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ุทุจุนุง ู„ blood vessels ุทุจุนุง ูƒู†ุชุด manufactured by
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:10,130 --> 00:13:15,170
699
+ ุงู„ fibroblasts ูˆู‡ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ุฎู„ุงูŠุง ุงู„ุจู†ุงุก ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:15,170 --> 00:13:21,640
703
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ immatures ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุจู†ุงุกูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:21,640 --> 00:13:26,980
707
+ Collagen matures ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ mature ุฃูƒุฑุฑ ููŠู‡ an
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:26,980 --> 00:13:31,640
711
+ increase of both density and stability ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:31,640 --> 00:13:35,780
715
+ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฑุจุท which result in increased tissue
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:35,780 --> 00:13:39,580
719
+ strength and stiffness many type of collagen have
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:39,580 --> 00:13:43,340
723
+ been identified ู‡ู… ู„ุงู‚ูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏ 19 ูŠุนู†ูŠ 19
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:43,340 --> 00:13:49,040
727
+ different collagen type ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ tendon ูˆ ุงู„
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:49,040 --> 00:13:49,680
731
+ ligaments
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:52,700 --> 00:13:55,580
735
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง tendon ูˆ ุงู„ ligament ุจุชูƒูˆู† primarily ู…ู†
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:55,580 --> 00:14:00,720
739
+ type 1 ุงูˆ ุงู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 70% dry wet with a small amount
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:00,720 --> 00:14:04,920
743
+ of type 3 ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:04,920 --> 00:14:08,680
747
+ ุงู„ุนุดุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฉ and a trace ูŠุนู†ูŠ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:08,680 --> 00:14:18,600
751
+ ุถุนูŠูุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ type ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูˆ ุนุดุฑุฉ ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุนุงุด ูˆ ู‡ูƒ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:18,600 --> 00:14:23,670
755
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุนุงุดHowever, the proportion of
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:23,670 --> 00:14:26,750
759
+ collagen type present various amounts specific
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:14:26,750 --> 00:14:32,130
763
+ tendon and ุทุจุนุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู…ูŠุงุช ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ู†ุณุจ ู„ู„ ..
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:32,130 --> 00:14:35,770
767
+ ุงู„ collagen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ tendon ูˆ ุงู„ ligament
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:35,770 --> 00:14:39,990
771
+ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุญุณุจ ุงู„ ligament ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง example ุงู„ tendon
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:39,990 --> 00:14:43,770
775
+ ุจุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ ุงู†ู‡ type 3 collagen ูˆ ุงู„
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:43,770 --> 00:14:49,910
779
+ ligament ููŠู‡ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู†ุณุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ type 3 collagen ุทูŠุจ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:51,980 --> 00:14:55,980
783
+ ู‡ู„ุฃ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ Elastin ุงู„ู€ Elastin ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:55,980 --> 00:15:02,180
787
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู†ุณุจ ุฃู‚ู„ ููŠ ุงู„
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:02,180 --> 00:15:05,660
791
+ .. ููŠ ุงู„ ligament ููŠ ุงู„ fibers composition of the
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:05,660 --> 00:15:09,300
795
+ ligament ุงู„ุชู†ุฏู† ููŠ ู†ุณุจุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ elastin ุนุดุงู†ูƒ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:09,300 --> 00:15:13,940
799
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุชู†ุฏู† ููŠ less elasticity ุทุจุนุง
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:13,940 --> 00:15:16,840
803
+ ุงู„ proportion ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ elastin ูˆ ุงู„
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:16,840 --> 00:15:21,130
807
+ collagen ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุญุณุจุงู„ู€ ligament ูˆ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ูˆ ู…ูˆู‚ุนู‡
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:21,130 --> 00:15:24,170
811
+ ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุถุฑู‡ ูˆู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ lower limb big joint
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:24,170 --> 00:15:28,370
815
+ small joint ุญุณุจ ุงู„ joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ in
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:28,370 --> 00:15:32,450
819
+ most ligaments of the joints as in tendon ุงู„
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:32,450 --> 00:15:37,050
823
+ collagen present in much high proportion than
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:15:37,050 --> 00:15:40,830
827
+ elastin ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู‘ู† ุงู„ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† collagen ุณูˆุงุก ููŠ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:15:40,830 --> 00:15:44,110
831
+ ุงู„ ligament ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ tendon
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:15:48,360 --> 00:15:52,020
835
+ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ Ground Substance ูู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† non-fibrous
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:15:52,020 --> 00:15:56,620
839
+ part of extracellular material composed of
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:15:56,620 --> 00:16:01,480
843
+ glycoprotein ูˆุจุฑูˆุชูŠูˆะณะปะธูƒุงู† ูˆูƒู…ุงู† water ุฅูŠุด ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:16:01,480 --> 00:16:05,620
847
+ ุชุนู…ู„ adhesions of cells to the fibers and other
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:05,620 --> 00:16:10,860
851
+ extracellular matter ู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ glue ุฒูŠ ุณู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:16:10,860 --> 00:16:15,760
855
+ ุจูŠุฌู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูˆุจูŠุฑุจุทู‡ุง ููŠ ุจุนุถู‡ุง
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:16:20,470 --> 00:16:26,830
859
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ protein glucan ุจูŠุชู…ุซู„ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† 1% ู…ู†
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:26,830 --> 00:16:32,070
863
+ ุงู„ tendon total dry weight ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู… ุงู„ key role
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:32,070 --> 00:16:38,590
867
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุดูƒู„ูˆุง key role ููŠ ุงู„ ligament ูˆ ุงู„
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:38,590 --> 00:16:43,610
871
+ tendon function ู„ุฅู† ู‡ู… ุจูŠุญุงูุธูˆุง ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฑุงุจุท ุงู„ุฃู†ุณุฌุฉ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:43,610 --> 00:16:48,620
875
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุงุฃู…ุง ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠูˆ .. ุงู„ุจุฑูˆุชูŠูˆ ูƒู„ูŠุฑุงู†ุณ also
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:48,620 --> 00:16:51,620
879
+ help in regulate .. maintain the structural
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:16:51,620 --> 00:16:54,760
883
+ organization of the tissue by providing ุจุนุถ ุงู„
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:16:54,760 --> 00:16:59,500
887
+ support ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ spacing ุจูŠู† ุงู„ cells ูˆ ุงู„
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:16:59,500 --> 00:17:05,190
891
+ fibers of connective tissueุงู„ู€ vascular supply of
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:17:05,190 --> 00:17:07,950
895
+ the tendon and ligament ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ tendon ูˆ ุงู„
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:17:07,950 --> 00:17:11,730
899
+ ligament ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠู‡ู… less vascularization than ุงู„
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:17:11,730 --> 00:17:14,530
903
+ muscle ุงู„ muscle ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฅู†ู‡ุง ููŠู‡ุง highly
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:17:14,530 --> 00:17:17,510
907
+ vascularized ุฏู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูˆู† ุงู„ูˆุฑุฏูŠ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:17,510 --> 00:17:20,010
911
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฃุญู…ุฑ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ tendon ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:20,010 --> 00:17:23,690
915
+ vascularization ู .. ูˆ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุทุงุจุน ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:23,690 --> 00:17:27,530
919
+ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ collagen ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูˆู†ู‡ ู…ุงุฆู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูŠุงุฏ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:27,530 --> 00:17:31,310
923
+ ุฃูƒุชุฑุงู„ู€ blood vessels in the tendons represent
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:31,310 --> 00:17:38,530
927
+ only about 1% ู„2% of the extracellular matrix,
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:17:39,690 --> 00:17:42,130
931
+ thus appear white compared to the highly
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:17:42,130 --> 00:17:45,410
935
+ musculated color of the muscle from which they
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:17:45,410 --> 00:17:51,030
939
+ originate ุงู„ุทูŠุจ ุงู„ุชู†ุฏู† receive their blood supply
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:17:51,030 --> 00:17:55,800
943
+ directly ู…ู† ูˆูŠู† ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุจุฑูŠู…ูŠุฏูŠุงุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุดุงุก
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:17:55,800 --> 00:18:01,820
947
+ ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ outer part
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:18:01,820 --> 00:18:08,080
951
+ of the muscle ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุŒ ุงู„ุบุดุงุก ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุท ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ูˆูƒู…ุงู†
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:18:08,080 --> 00:18:13,340
955
+ ู…ู† ุงู„berucin insertion ูˆู‚ุชุด ุงู„ tendon ุจูŠู…ุณูƒ ุจุงู„
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:18:13,340 --> 00:18:18,080
959
+ bone ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ berucin insertion ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ูˆูƒู…ุงู†
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:18:18,080 --> 00:18:23,840
963
+ ููŠ ุงู„ surrounding tissue ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:18:23,840 --> 00:18:27,180
967
+ nutrition ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ neural component of the tendon
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:18:27,180 --> 00:18:33,180
971
+ and ligament ุทุจุนุง ููŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ููŠู‡
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:18:33,180 --> 00:18:35,760
975
+ various specialized nervous endings ุฃูˆ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:18:35,760 --> 00:18:39,100
979
+ mechanoreceptors ููŠ ุงู„ ligament ูˆููŠ ุงู„ tendon ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:18:39,100 --> 00:18:46,730
983
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุงู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุชุชุญู‚ู‚ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนุฑูุฉ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:18:46,730 --> 00:18:49,490
987
+ ุงู„ู€position ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฌู†ูˆุฏ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€properception ูˆ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:18:49,490 --> 00:18:55,910
991
+ ุงู„ู€non susceptions ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูุจุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู†
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:18:55,910 --> 00:18:59,870
995
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€non susceptors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:18:59,870 --> 00:19:03,350
999
+ ุงู„ู€properceptors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:19:03,350 --> 00:19:07,430
1003
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ligament and tendon ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุนุฑู ูˆุถุนูŠุฉ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:19:07,430 --> 00:19:14,960
1007
+ ุงู„ู€chanceุฃูˆ ูƒูŠู ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ movement ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ joint
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:19:14,960 --> 00:19:19,860
1011
+ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ blood ุงู„ nervous ุงู„ nerve ending ู‡ุฐู‡
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:19:19,860 --> 00:19:25,840
1015
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ regulation ู„ู„ blood flow ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ู„ุชู†ุถู…ุงู…
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:19:25,840 --> 00:19:30,800
1019
+ ุจู‡ูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ูˆู†ุฑุงูƒู…
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:19:30,800 --> 00:19:34,680
1023
+ ููŠ ู„ู‚ุงุก ุงุฎุฑ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ ุนู† ุงู„ biomechanical
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:19:34,680 --> 00:19:38,800
1027
+ properties of the ligaments
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:19:40,790 --> 00:19:41,830
1031
+ ุนู† ุชู†ุธูŠู…
1032
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/QQ96c9MFL-g_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/QqGJeC8FgwI.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1467 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:02,520 --> 00:00:07,880
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุชู ุทู„ุจุชู†ุง ุงู„ุฃุนุฒุงุก
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:07,880 --> 00:00:12,300
7
+ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ู…ุณุงู‚ ุงู„ู€ biomechanics
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:12,300 --> 00:00:16,020
11
+ ุชูƒู„ู‘ู…ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุนู† biomechanics of bone ูˆ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:16,020 --> 00:00:19,680
15
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุณู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€ biomechanics of bone fracture
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:19,680 --> 00:00:24,240
19
+ ุณูˆู ู†ุฑู‰ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ possible fracture patterns due to
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:24,240 --> 00:00:29,650
23
+ various loading ู…ุง ู…ุนู†ู‰ fractureุŸ fracture is
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:29,650 --> 00:00:34,790
27
+ a breaking of bone ูŠุญุตู„ ุงู„ู€ fracture ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ risk
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:34,790 --> 00:00:39,950
31
+ is high ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ stress ุชุฌุงูˆุฒ ุงู„ู€ maximum load
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:39,950 --> 00:00:43,530
35
+ being delivered to the bone ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ู†ุญู†
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:43,530 --> 00:00:48,250
39
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูƒู„ ุนุธู…ุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุญู…ู„ ูˆู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต forces
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:48,250 --> 00:00:52,490
43
+ ุฃูˆ compressive forces ุฃูˆ loads ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู‡ุง
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:52,490 --> 00:00:57,600
47
+ ุงู„ู€ bone ูุทุจุนู‹ุง ุฅุฐุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ stress
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:57,600 --> 00:01:02,680
51
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ bone ูˆุฒุงุฏุช ุนู† ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุญู…ู„
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:02,680 --> 00:01:06,260
55
+ ูุจูŠุญุตู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ fracture ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุตู„
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:06,260 --> 00:01:11,240
59
+ fractureุŸ ู„ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุญุตู„ fractureุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุทุจุนู‹ุง
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:11,240 --> 00:01:15,200
63
+ factors ู†ุญู† ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‘ู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ู†ุชุนุฑุถ ุฃู† ู†ุดุนุฑ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:15,200 --> 00:01:18,400
67
+ ุฃู†ู‘ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุถุฑุจุฉ ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ู†ู‚ูˆู… ุจู‡ ู†ุดุฏ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:18,400 --> 00:01:23,340
71
+ ุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ู†ุดุฏ ุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู„ูƒูŠ ู†ุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ู…ู† ุฃู†
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:23,340 --> 00:01:30,400
75
+ ุชุชูƒุณุฑ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง shock absorbers ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:30,400 --> 00:01:34,920
79
+ ุงู„ู€ Intervertebral disc ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏู‹ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:34,920 --> 00:01:41,080
83
+ H2 vertebra ุฅุฐู‹ุง ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุตู„ ุฃูˆ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:41,080 --> 00:01:43,940
87
+ ุงู„ู€ fracture ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ energy absorbed ู…ู† ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ููŠ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:43,940 --> 00:01:46,940
91
+ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ุณุฑุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ tissue ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:46,940 --> 00:01:50,520
95
+ fracture ูƒู… ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† shock absorption ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุญุตู„
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:50,520 --> 00:01:55,080
99
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ elements ุงู„ุชูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:55,080 --> 00:01:58,300
103
+ ุงู„ู€ state of muscle activity ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู†ุญู† ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‘
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:58,300 --> 00:02:01,920
107
+ ูƒู„ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ุดุฏุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ูƒู„ู…ุง ูƒุงู† risk of fracture
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:01,920 --> 00:02:08,680
111
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ู€ position of the part at time ุทุจุนู‹ุง ูŠุญุฏุฏ ูƒูŠู
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:08,680 --> 00:02:12,840
115
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ูƒูŠู ุชุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ุถุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ู€ site of impact
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:12,840 --> 00:02:18,600
119
+ ุฃูŠู† ุจุงู„ุถุจุท ุฃุชุช ุงู„ุถุฑุจุฉ ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ fracture due to
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:18,600 --> 00:02:22,000
123
+ tension ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุฏ ุญุตู„ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:22,000 --> 00:02:26,970
127
+ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุชุตุจุญ ู†ุงุฏุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ long bone ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:26,970 --> 00:02:30,770
131
+ long bone ู„ูŠุณ ุณู‡ู„ู‹ุง ุฃู† ู†ุดุฏู‘ู‡ ูุงู„ู€ failure
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:30,770 --> 00:02:34,870
135
+ mechanism for bone loaded in tension is mainly a
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:34,870 --> 00:02:41,450
139
+ transverse crack ูƒู…ุง ู†ุญู† ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:41,450 --> 00:02:49,410
143
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ transverse ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู€ tensile
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:49,410 --> 00:02:54,890
147
+ forces ู„ูŠุณ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ long
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:54,890 --> 00:03:00,510
151
+ bone diaphysis is uncommon ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุชูƒูˆู† associated
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:00,510 --> 00:03:04,890
155
+ with avulsion ู…ุง ู…ุนู†ู‰ ูƒู„ู…ุฉ avulsionุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ู„ุน
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:04,890 --> 00:03:12,270
159
+ ู‚ู„ุน avulsion ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ู„ุน ุฃูˆ ูุตู„ ู…ุซู„ ู…ุง ู†ูุตู„ ุงู„ู†ุจุชุฉ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:12,270 --> 00:03:16,370
163
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุชูƒูˆู† ุฃุฎุฐุช ู…ุนู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุทูŠู†ุฉ ุฃู„ูŠุณ ูƒุฐู„ูƒุŸ ุฅุฐู‹ุง
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:16,370 --> 00:03:20,160
167
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ุชุตุจุญ ุฅุฐู‹ุง ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู‚ู„ุน ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ู‘
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:20,160 --> 00:03:25,340
171
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุงู…ู„ ุดุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ูˆุณุญุจู‡ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:25,340 --> 00:03:29,820
175
+ associated with a bulging fracture ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cancellous
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:29,820 --> 00:03:35,060
179
+ bone at the metaphyseal ุขุฎุฑ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:35,060 --> 00:03:37,920
183
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู† transverse ุจุณุจุจ maximum
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:37,920 --> 00:03:42,200
187
+ tensile stress generated at the transverse implant ู…ุซู„
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:42,200 --> 00:03:46,820
191
+ ู…ุง ู†ุญู† ู‡ู†ุง ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ ู†ุญู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ long bone ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:47,140 --> 00:03:50,960
195
+ ุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ุง ู†ุญู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ูุงุชุช ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู†ุคูƒุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:50,960 --> 00:03:55,500
199
+ ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ ุฃู†ู‘ ููŠู‡ุง two epiphysis ูˆููŠู‡ุง two epiphysis
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:55,500 --> 00:04:03,240
203
+ ูˆููŠู‡ุง long bone ูˆููŠู‡ุง ู…ุฏู‘ู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ cavity ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:03,240 --> 00:04:08,200
207
+ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุงู„ู€ epiphysis ู„ู„ุจู„ุงุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‘ ุชุทูˆู„
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:08,200 --> 00:04:11,340
211
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุนุธุงู…
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:14,150 --> 00:04:18,950
215
+ ู†ุญู† ุฃูŠู† ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ tensile fracture
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:18,950 --> 00:04:21,230
219
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ tensile loading ุนุงุฏุฉ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:21,230 --> 00:04:25,090
223
+ calcaneus bone ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุฅุฐุง ุดุงู‡ุฏู†ุง ู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†ู‘ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู…ู†
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:25,090 --> 00:04:28,670
227
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ู… ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… fracture ููŠ ุงู„ู€ base of
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:28,670 --> 00:04:33,290
231
+ the hip metatarsal bone ููŠ ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู€ lateral
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:33,290 --> 00:04:36,850
235
+ part of the foot adjacent to the attachment of the
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:36,850 --> 00:04:41,750
239
+ peroneus longus peroneus brevis sorry ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฎุทุฑ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:41,750 --> 00:04:46,050
243
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจูŠู† ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุถุฑุจุฉ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:46,050 --> 00:04:51,710
247
+ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ูˆูŠู‚ูˆู…ูˆู† ุจู€ contraction ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:51,710 --> 00:04:57,310
251
+ triceps ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ cuff muscle ูุชุฐู‡ุจ ุชุฎู„ุน ุชุตุจุญ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:57,310 --> 00:05:02,470
255
+ ุฎู„ุน ุงู„ู€ achilles tendon ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ calcaneal tendon ูˆุชุฐู‡ุจ ุชู‚ุนุฏ ู…ุนู‡ุง
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:02,470 --> 00:05:07,830
259
+ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ calcaneus ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ุน ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:07,830 --> 00:05:10,550
263
+ ู„ุง ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุนุธู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ patella ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† attachments
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:10,550 --> 00:05:14,830
267
+ ู„ู„ู€ Quadriceps ุชู†ุฏู„ ุฃูˆ ุชู†ุฏู„ุน ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ูŠูƒูˆู†
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:14,830 --> 00:05:18,230
271
+ ู‡ูˆ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ patella ู…ู…ูƒู† contraction ุฃูˆ forceful
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:18,230 --> 00:05:21,070
275
+ contraction ู„ู„ู€ Quadriceps ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ูŠุญุตู„
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:21,070 --> 00:05:26,610
279
+ ู„ู„ู„ุงุนุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุนู…ู„ ุฎู„ุน ูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ avulsion ุงู„ู€
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:26,610 --> 00:05:30,330
283
+ fracture ู„ู„ู€ patella ุทุจุนู‹ุง side of fracture
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:40,670 --> 00:05:48,990
287
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฌุฏู‹ุง ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ attachment ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ุชูŠ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:48,990 --> 00:05:54,250
291
+ ูŠู†ุฎู„ุน ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง object ุฃูˆ man ุงู„ู€ fracture occurs
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:54,250 --> 00:05:58,390
295
+ along these oblique angles ูˆุงู„ู€ shear stresses are
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:58,390 --> 00:06:02,390
299
+ the greatest ุทุจุนู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ fractures produced by
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:02,390 --> 00:06:04,950
303
+ compressive forces are usually found in the
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:04,950 --> 00:06:09,190
307
+ vertebra ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†ู‘ู†ุง ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ ุงู„ู€
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:09,190 --> 00:06:12,390
311
+ vertebral column ููŠ ุงู„ุนู…ูˆุฏ ุงู„ูู‚ุฑูŠ ู„ู†ุงุณ ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู† ุฃูˆ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:12,390 --> 00:06:17,090
315
+ ู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑุงุถ ูู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ู€ vertebra
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:17,090 --> 00:06:21,470
319
+ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูƒุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ watching ุฃูˆ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ุงูุชุฉ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:21,470 --> 00:06:25,950
323
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ rarely fracture occur due to pure compression
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:25,950 --> 00:06:31,150
327
+ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ูŠุณ ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง ู†ุงุฏุฑู‹ุง ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ู‘ ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:31,150 --> 00:06:34,870
331
+ ุงู„ู€ compression ุฅู„ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ vertebrae usually there
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:34,870 --> 00:06:38,570
335
+ is a combination of compression with bending or
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:38,570 --> 00:06:41,790
339
+ shear and shearing processes on the other hand
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:41,790 --> 00:06:45,610
343
+ much of compressive forces may be absorbed by
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:45,610 --> 00:06:51,030
347
+ intervening elastic tissue say for example ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ ู†ุญู† ุงู„ู€
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:51,030 --> 00:06:54,210
351
+ intervertebral disc ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุŸ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ู€
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:54,210 --> 00:06:57,350
355
+ intervertebral disc ุฃู†ู‘ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจู€ shock absorption ุนู†ุฏู…ุง
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:57,350 --> 00:07:01,610
359
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุถุบุท ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ head ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ head
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:01,610 --> 00:07:04,790
363
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ vertebral column ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ cervical ูˆุงู„ู€
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:04,790 --> 00:07:07,310
367
+ cervical ุณูŠุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ thoracic ู…ู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:07,310 --> 00:07:11,190
371
+ intervertebral disc ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ shock absorption ู„ุฐู„ูƒ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:11,190 --> 00:07:16,130
375
+ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ intervertebral disc ุณู„ูŠู…ู‹ุง ูŠูƒ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู† ู‡ูˆ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:16,130 --> 00:07:20,430
379
+ ูŠู†ุทุณ ุฃูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจู€ absorption ู„ู„ุตุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฃุชูŠ ูˆูŠุฎูู
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:20,430 --> 00:07:24,940
383
+ ู…ู† ุญุฏู‘ุชู‡ุง ูˆูŠุตุจุญ ุงู„ู€ risk of fracture ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:24,940 --> 00:07:27,800
387
+ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ fracture ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŸ ุชุญุตู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:27,800 --> 00:07:31,160
391
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง compression wedging fracture ุฃูˆ wedging
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:31,160 --> 00:07:35,580
395
+ fracture ูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ vertebra ุนุงู…ู„ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ู…ุซู„
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:35,580 --> 00:07:43,940
399
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุฏุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:43,940 --> 00:07:48,060
403
+ ุฃู…ู‘ุง ุงู„ู€ fracture due to bendingุŒ bending ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุซู†ูŠ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:48,060 --> 00:07:52,680
407
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง non axial forces ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† two
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:52,680 --> 00:07:57,760
411
+ non axial forces ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุซู†ูŠ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูุณูˆู ูŠุจุฏุฃ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:57,760 --> 00:08:15,100
415
+ ุงู„ุซู†ูŠ ููŠ ู…ุญูŠุท ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ุญูŠุซ ูŠุญุตู„ ุถุบุท ู„ู†ูุณู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:15,100 --> 00:08:23,740
419
+ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุซู†ูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:26,040 --> 00:08:29,660
423
+ ูˆุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏ ูˆุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:29,660 --> 00:08:38,340
427
+ ู…ุถุบูˆุท ููŠุตุจุญ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ tension stress
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:38,340 --> 00:08:41,640
431
+ more destructive than compressive tension ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:41,640 --> 00:08:46,260
435
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ูŠุตุจุญ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ูŠุตุจุญ ูƒุณุฑ Transverse fracture
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:46,260 --> 00:08:49,580
439
+ ุฃู…ู‘ุง ู…ู† ุชุญุช ูŠุตุจุญ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง small butterfly
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:49,580 --> 00:08:55,200
443
+ fracture ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ู…ุง ู…ุนู†ู‰
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:55,200 --> 00:08:59,760
447
+ butterfly fly ูุฑุงุดุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ fracture ูŠุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:59,760 --> 00:09:04,620
451
+ ูุฑุงุดุฉ ู…ู† ุชุญุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุตุจุญ ุชู†ุฎู„ุน ุชุตุจุญ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅูŠู‡
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:04,620 --> 00:09:08,640
455
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุฎุฑุฌ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ุง this butterfly fracture is found
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:08,640 --> 00:09:12,480
459
+ by propagation of two cracks in the two oblique
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:12,480 --> 00:09:15,720
463
+ fracture planes ุงู„ุชูŠ ุณู†ุดุงู‡ุฏู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุตูˆูŠุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:15,720 --> 00:09:17,740
467
+ fracture is produced by bending
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:21,600 --> 00:09:26,860
471
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุฐูŠู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆู† ูˆูŠู„ุนุจูˆู† ุฑูŠุงุถุฉ ุงู„ุชุฒู„ุฌ ูˆูŠู‚ุฏู…ูˆู†
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:26,860 --> 00:09:30,760
475
+ ุฌุณู…ู‡ู… ูˆูŠุธู„ ุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ู… ุซุงุจุชุฉ ุซุงุจุชุฉ ููŠุตุจุญ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ energy
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:30,760 --> 00:09:33,640
479
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูŠู‚ุฏู… ูˆูŠุตุจุญ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:47,180 --> 00:09:52,360
483
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุตุจุญ Transverse fracture ุฅุฐู‹ุง ู‡ุฐู‡
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:52,360 --> 00:09:56,200
487
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุชุตุจุญ ููŠู‡ุง tension ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุชุตุจุญ ููŠู‡ุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:56,200 --> 00:10:04,060
491
+ compression ุนุงุฏุฉู‹
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:04,060 --> 00:10:09,740
495
+ ุฃูŠู† ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ fractureุŸ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ู‘ู†ุง
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:09,740 --> 00:10:13,000
499
+ ู„ุง ู†ุดุงู‡ุฏู‡ ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏู†ุง ู„ุฃู†ู‘ ู„ู… ูŠูƒู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุชุฒู„ุฌ ุนู„ู‰
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:17,510
503
+ ุงู„ุจุงู„ูŠุจ ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุฒู„ุฌ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:17,510 --> 00:10:23,210
507
+ ุงู„ุจูˆุช ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจุงู„ุชุฒู„ุฌ ุงู„ุจูˆุช ู‡ุฐุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูƒุจู‘ุท ุจุญุฏุงูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:23,210 --> 00:10:27,110
511
+ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠุจูŠุง ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชุซุจุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃู†
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:27,110 --> 00:10:32,650
515
+ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจูŠุชู‚ุฏู… ููŠ ุฌุณู…ู‡ ูˆุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ู…ุญุฌูˆุฒุฉ ุจุฌูˆุงุช
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:32,650 --> 00:10:36,230
519
+ ุงู„ุจูˆุช ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชูŠุจูŠุง ูˆ ู„ู„ูุจู„ุง ูˆุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:36,230 --> 00:10:41,830
523
+ ููŠู‡ fracture ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ top of the tibia ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:41,830 --> 00:10:49,950
527
+ bending ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ proximal tibia and an equal
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:49,950 --> 00:10:54,710
531
+ moment produced by the fixed part ู„ุฃู† ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ุชุญุช ุฃูˆ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:54,710 --> 00:11:02,210
535
+ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฌูˆุงู‡ ุงู„ุจูˆุช ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:02,210 --> 00:11:09,310
539
+ ูƒุณุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุญุฑู ุงู„ุจูˆุช ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ุชูŠุจูŠุง ูˆุงู„ุญุจูˆุจ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:09,310 --> 00:11:12,730
543
+ four point bending fracture ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:12,730 --> 00:11:18,390
547
+ manipulation ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„ reduction ู„ุฅู† ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:18,390 --> 00:11:22,390
551
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ููŠู‡ surgical affected
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:22,390 --> 00:11:26,370
555
+ fracture ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ tibia ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ manipulation
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:26,370 --> 00:11:33,390
559
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุณุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชูŠุจูŠุง ุฃูˆ ูƒุณุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ tibia ู†ุฑูˆุญ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:33,390 --> 00:11:36,650
563
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ fracture due to shear ุฃู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:36,650 --> 00:11:41,880
567
+ ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ู„ูˆุตู ุงู„ู€ stress ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ุน ุนู†ู‡ุง
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:41,880 --> 00:11:46,440
571
+ Spondylolisthesis
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:46,440 --> 00:11:51,420
575
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:51,420 --> 00:11:56,520
579
+ ูƒุณุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:56,520 --> 00:11:59,000
583
+ ุงู„ู€ facet joints ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ุนู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:05,240
587
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ู„ู„ูู‚ุฑุฉ ู„ุชุญุช ูุจุณ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ู…
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:05,240 --> 00:12:12,380
591
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ ู„ู„ูู‚ุฑุงุช ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุดูŠุฑ ู‡ู†ุง
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:12,380 --> 00:12:17,340
595
+ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ disc ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุญุช ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุถุนูŠู ูˆ thin ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุด ุนู†ุฏู‡
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:17,340 --> 00:12:23,400
599
+ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู…ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุตุฏู…ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ fracture ุงู„
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:23,400 --> 00:12:29,220
603
+ shear loading ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ load is applied parallel to the
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:29,220 --> 00:12:32,740
607
+ surface of the structure ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:32,740 --> 00:12:37,910
611
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ condyles phone ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Fracture
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:37,910 --> 00:12:41,990
615
+ of Femur ุงู„ู€ Femoral Condyle ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Tibial Plateau
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:41,990 --> 00:12:46,030
619
+ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ Scars ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ุทูˆุง
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:46,030 --> 00:12:49,930
623
+ ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ูุฒูˆุง ู‚ูุฒุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ูˆุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู€ Femur ุนู„ู‰
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:49,930 --> 00:12:54,910
627
+ ุงู„ู€ Tibial Plateau ูู‡ู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:54,910 --> 00:13:01,170
631
+ sliding ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ vertebrae ุฃุซู†ุชูŠู† ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ู…
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:01,170 --> 00:13:04,230
635
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุธู‡ุฑ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:08,720 --> 00:13:14,660
639
+ 5S1 ุงู„ู€ fracture due to torsional load ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:14,660 --> 00:13:18,900
643
+ ุงู„ู€ torsion ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุนุตุฑ ู„ุฃู† ููŠู‡ุง twisting ููŠ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:18,900 --> 00:13:21,680
647
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ twisting ุงู„ู€ bone is subjected to
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:21,680 --> 00:13:24,120
651
+ different types of stress in different directions
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:24,120 --> 00:13:26,400
655
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง shear ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง compression ูˆ ููŠ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:26,400 --> 00:13:29,900
659
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง tension ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ shear
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:29,900 --> 00:13:34,480
663
+ stresses occur at the axial direction ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:34,480 --> 00:13:39,180
667
+ ุงู„ุนุธู… ูˆูƒุงู† ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ู„ูˆ ู…ุณูƒู†ุง ููˆุทุฉ ูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:39,180 --> 00:13:44,760
671
+ ุจุนุตุฑ ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:44,760 --> 00:13:50,100
675
+ ุงู„ููˆุทุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู†ุฌุฑ ู…ู† ุนุตุฑู‡ุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ shear stresses
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:50,100 --> 00:13:56,820
679
+ ู…ู‚ุฏุงุฑ ุงู„ู€ shear stresses ุจูŠุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ central axis
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:59,020 --> 00:14:04,060
683
+ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญูŠุท ุงู„ุนุธู… ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุจุนุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ูƒู…ุง
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:04,060 --> 00:14:09,400
687
+ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุงู„ุญุถุฑูŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง tensile
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:09,400 --> 00:14:17,120
691
+ compressive ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู…
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:17,120 --> 00:14:19,300
695
+ ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู…
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:19,300 --> 00:14:21,880
699
+ ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู…
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:21,880 --> 00:14:22,920
703
+ ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู…
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:22,920 --> 00:14:25,790
707
+ ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ุงู„ุนุธู… ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:25,790 --> 00:14:29,450
711
+ fracture in shape of small crack and then run ุงู„
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:29,450 --> 00:14:34,510
715
+ spiral manner ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ spiral manner
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:34,510 --> 00:14:40,470
719
+ ู‡ู†ุง ููƒุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฏูˆุฑุงู† ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ..
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:40,470 --> 00:14:51,410
723
+ ุงู„ู€ bone ุนุดุงู† ูƒุฏู‡ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ spiral fracture ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจู‹ุง
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:51,410 --> 00:14:53,830
727
+ ุงู„ู€ angle ุจุชูƒูˆู† 45
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:56,380 --> 00:15:02,420
731
+ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€Skier ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€Bot ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุงุท
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:02,420 --> 00:15:09,180
735
+ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจู‡ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€Tibia ู…ู† ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒู„
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:09,180 --> 00:15:13,740
739
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุชูˆู‚ู ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ุจูŠุธู„ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูู‡ุฐู‡
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:13,740 --> 00:15:20,710
743
+ ุจุชุซุจุช ุงู„ุญุจุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€Bot ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงูุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุซุงุจุชุฉ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:20,710 --> 00:15:25,110
747
+ ูˆุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Tibia ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:25,110 --> 00:15:33,210
751
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุญุฌุฒ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:33,210 --> 00:15:39,650
755
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Tibia ูˆุจุชุธู„ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Tibia
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:39,650 --> 00:15:43,490
759
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:52,140 --> 00:15:56,060
763
+ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ shear stresses ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:56,060 --> 00:16:00,360
767
+ torsion ูƒูŠู ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุงู† ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ shear
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:00,360 --> 00:16:07,900
771
+ stresses ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ normal tensile stresses ุงู„
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:07,900 --> 00:16:13,100
775
+ fracture due to a combined load Combined ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:13,100 --> 00:16:18,320
779
+ ูƒุฐุง load ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ bending ู…ุน compression
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:18,320 --> 00:16:22,640
783
+ load ุจุณุจุจ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุนุงู…ุฉู‹ ุชุณุจุจ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:22,640 --> 00:16:25,140
787
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:25,140 --> 00:16:30,120
791
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ูƒุณุฑ ุจุธู‡ูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ู†ุฒูŠู ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:30,120 --> 00:16:31,400
795
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:31,400 --> 00:16:36,040
799
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ุณุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:36,040 --> 00:16:36,360
803
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:42,490 --> 00:16:46,530
807
+ ุงู„ุชู†ุณูŠุท ุจูŠู‚ุถูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ู‹ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:46,530 --> 00:16:50,870
811
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชู†ุณูŠุท
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:50,870 --> 00:16:56,930
815
+ ูุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง compression ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ fracture
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:56,930 --> 00:17:01,930
819
+ pattern will be as bending fracture ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุณ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:01,930 --> 00:17:05,470
823
+ bending transverse fracture ููŠ ุชู†ุณูŠุท ูˆ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:05,470 --> 00:17:09,210
827
+ butterfly ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ compressive ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ butterfly
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:09,210 --> 00:17:15,530
831
+ more bigger ู‡ู„ ุงู„ู€ Butterfly ุฃูƒุจุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:15,530 --> 00:17:20,650
835
+ ุจุณุจุจ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Bending ูˆ ุงู„ู€ CompressionุŸ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:20,650 --> 00:17:25,750
839
+ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุถูู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Bending ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:25,750 --> 00:17:32,610
843
+ Compression ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ Butterfly
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:32,610 --> 00:17:38,790
847
+ case ุจุชุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ู†ุง ุจุณ Bending
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:39,310 --> 00:17:43,710
851
+ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒูŠู ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ tension ูˆ ุงู„
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:43,710 --> 00:17:47,430
855
+ compression ูˆ ุงู„ู€ tension ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ compression ูˆ ูƒูŠู
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:47,430 --> 00:17:52,770
859
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง Transverse fracture ูˆ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:52,770 --> 00:17:56,750
863
+ ู‡ู†ุง Butterfly
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:56,750 --> 00:18:03,610
867
+ ุงู„ู€ combination ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ torsion ูˆ ุงู„ู€ bending ูˆ ุงู„
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:03,610 --> 00:18:08,080
871
+ compression load ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:08,080 --> 00:18:12,320
875
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง complicated fracture ุฃูˆ compound
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:12,320 --> 00:18:17,900
879
+ fracture ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง will cause spiral
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:17,900 --> 00:18:21,560
883
+ fracture at the opposite side and also combined
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:21,560 --> 00:18:26,120
887
+ with small oblique fracture ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฒูŠ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:26,120 --> 00:18:32,580
891
+ ุชูุชุช ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธู… ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† load ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฃุซุฑ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:32,580 --> 00:18:37,800
895
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุธู… ุทูŠุจุŒ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุฃุฑูˆุญ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง fractures ุฃูˆ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:37,800 --> 00:18:41,580
899
+ fatigue fracture stress or march fracture ู„ูŠุด ุณู…ูˆู‡
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:41,580 --> 00:18:46,500
903
+ march fractureุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุจ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนุฏุงุฆูŠู† ูˆ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:46,500 --> 00:18:51,280
907
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠุดุŒ ู„ุฐุง ุณู…ูˆู‡ march fracture ุทูŠุจุŒ ุงู„
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:51,280 --> 00:18:54,640
911
+ phenomenon of fatigue fracture ู„ุฏู‰ ุฅุญู†ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:54,640 --> 00:18:58,140
915
+ ุจู†ุถุฑุจ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠุด ููŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู†
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:58,140 --> 00:19:02,420
919
+ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุจุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุง ุจุชู†ูƒุณุฑุดุŒ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ ู…ุง ุจุชู†ูƒุณุฑุดุŒ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:02,420 --> 00:19:07,590
923
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู„ุซุฉ ูุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุชุชูุชุช ุชุชูุชุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:07,590 --> 00:19:11,410
927
+ ูˆูƒู†ุง ุทุงู„ุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุฏุฑุณู‡ู… ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ูŠุง ุฃุณุชุงุฐ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูˆุงู„ูŠ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:11,410 --> 00:19:15,330
931
+ ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ุซุงู„ุซ ูˆู…ุง ุงู†ูƒุณุฑุด ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู‚ุน ุนู†
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:15,330 --> 00:19:20,970
935
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ูุงู†ูƒุณุฑ ุทุจ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู…ุด ุจูŠูุณุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฅู† ุฃูˆู„
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:20,970 --> 00:19:28,230
939
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูˆู‚ุน ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุณู‡ ุงู„ู€ molecules ูˆ ุงู„ู€ stress
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:28,230 --> 00:19:34,220
943
+ inside ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎููŠู ูููŠู‡ ุชุญู…ู„ ูƒุงู†ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:34,220 --> 00:19:38,360
947
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ microns ููŠ ุดุบู„ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:38,360 --> 00:19:42,780
951
+ micro cracks ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุชุจุน
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:42,780 --> 00:19:48,500
955
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌูˆุงุช ูุงู„ุฏุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุงุชุญู…ู„ุช ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูˆ ูˆู‚ุน ุฃูˆ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:48,500 --> 00:19:52,060
959
+ ุงู†ูƒุณุฑ ุฃูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ damage ุงู„ู€ fracture ููŠ ุงู„ู€ bone
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:52,060 --> 00:19:55,850
963
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุฃูˆู„ ุฏุฑุจุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:55,850 --> 00:19:59,090
967
+ ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ุจุชุชุญู…ุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชูˆุฌุนู†ุง ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ู…ุง ุจุนู„ูŠุด
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:59,090 --> 00:20:03,130
971
+ ู‡ุชุฏู„ุน ู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจู‡ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฏุฑุจุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจุชูˆุฌุนู†ุง
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:03,130 --> 00:20:06,350
975
+ ูŠูˆู… ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:06,350 --> 00:20:10,810
979
+ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ูˆ ูŠุฏูˆุจ ูˆ ูŠูˆู‚ุน ุนู† ุทุฑู ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุฑ ู„ูŠุดุŸ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:10,810 --> 00:20:14,210
983
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุง ูƒู…ู„ุด ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€normal remodeling ุฃูˆ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:14,210 --> 00:20:18,150
987
+ ุงู„ู€healing ู„ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุฃุฎุฏ ุฏุฑุจุงุช ู…ุชุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุฑุง ุจุนุถู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:18,150 --> 00:20:21,410
991
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ูˆุงู‚ููŠู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:22,320 --> 00:20:26,860
995
+ ูˆุชุนุฑุถูˆุง ู„ุถุฑุจุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Fatigue is a process
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:26,860 --> 00:20:34,100
999
+ of pair and growth of cracks in a structure
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:34,100 --> 00:20:38,420
1003
+ subjected to repetitive load cycles ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:38,420 --> 00:20:45,440
1007
+ ุจุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ุถุฑุจุงุช ุงู„ู€ Cracks developed within and
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:45,440 --> 00:20:50,030
1011
+ between the osteon in an empty boneุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸู‡ูŠ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:50,030 --> 00:20:56,790
1015
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ not excessive ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ู‘ูŠ ูƒุซุฑ ู„ูƒู†
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:56,790 --> 00:21:04,250
1019
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ remodeling ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:04,250 --> 00:21:08,590
1023
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุชุฑุจุงุช ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ุชุตุงุต
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:08,590 --> 00:21:12,510
1027
+ ู„ู„ู…ุชุงุฑูŠุง around the micro-graphs and new bone
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:12,510 --> 00:21:18,110
1031
+ deposition ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุธู… ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:18,550 --> 00:21:23,730
1035
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุนุธู… ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠุฏูŠ ุจู†ุงุก ู†ูุณู‡ If
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:23,730 --> 00:21:27,790
1039
+ the damage is excessive, the normal remodeling
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:27,790 --> 00:21:31,910
1043
+ process can't keep up with the repair and fracture
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:43,880 --> 00:21:47,100
1047
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ fracture ู…ู† ุถุฑุจุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:47,100 --> 00:21:49,700
1051
+ ู…ุด ุถุฑุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุถุฑุจุชู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุถุจ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:49,700 --> 00:21:54,260
1055
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุถุนูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุถุฑุจ ู†ูƒุณุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:54,260 --> 00:21:57,840
1059
+ ูู†ุถุฑุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู„ุช ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ุฅูŠุด
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:57,840 --> 00:22:00,860
1063
+ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงู…ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ุฎู„ุฎู„ู†ุง
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:00,860 --> 00:22:06,760
1067
+ ุงู„ุฑุฒูŠู‚ุงุช ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุณู‡ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุชุจู‡ุง As the
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:06,760 --> 00:22:10,420
1071
+ number of cyclic blood increases the ability of
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:10,420 --> 00:22:11,220
1075
+ the bone
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:24,680 --> 00:22:31,420
1079
+ ุชุชุฌู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:31,420 --> 00:22:36,700
1083
+ microns
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:36,700 --> 00:22:42,340
1087
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูƒุชุงุณุชุฑุงููŠูƒุงู„ูŠ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:42,340 --> 00:22:47,560
1091
+ ูˆูŠุณุจุจ ููŠู‡ ูุฑู‚ุดุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ูู†ูˆู…ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Fatigue Fracture
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:47,560 --> 00:23:01,540
1095
+ ูƒู…ุง ู†ุฑู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:01,540 --> 00:23:08,270
1099
+ ุชุตุจุญ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Binding ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ู‡ู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:08,270 --> 00:23:17,350
1103
+ ุฅุดูŠ ุฎู„ ุฎู„ุช ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:17,350 --> 00:23:23,870
1107
+ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ .. ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ fracture ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:23,870 --> 00:23:29,630
1111
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ modeling ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุจูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ุฃู…ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุนุฏ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:29,630 --> 00:23:34,950
1115
+ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุงุจุชู‚ุฏุฑุด ุชุชุญู…ู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุงู„ุญุช ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:34,950 --> 00:23:42,890
1119
+ healing ู…ุธุจูˆุท ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ failure ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:42,890 --> 00:23:49,390
1123
+ ู…ุง ุจุชู„ู‚ู… ุฅู„ู‰ ุฑุฌุนุฉ ุงู†ูƒุณุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงุดูŠ ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:49,390 --> 00:23:56,010
1127
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ stress fracture of the foot ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:56,010 --> 00:24:00,890
1131
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠู‚ุงุจู„ูˆู†ุง ุจูŠุณุฃู„ูˆู†ุง ู„ูŠุด ููŠ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:24:00,890 --> 00:24:04,500
1135
+ ุงู†ุง ู…ู† ุงุฎุฑ ุถุฑุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุนุงุฑู ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ ูˆู„ุง ู‚ูŠุช
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:24:04,500 --> 00:24:08,280
1139
+ ุฑุฌู„ูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุชู„ูˆุฌุงู†ูŠ ูู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ stress
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:24:08,280 --> 00:24:12,660
1143
+ fracture ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุญ metatarsal ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุด ูˆู„ุง
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:12,660 --> 00:24:19,960
1147
+ ุฅุดูŠ ุฅู„ุง ุจุณ ุจุฏู‡ ุชู„ุฌ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ูˆุฑุงุญุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุจ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:19,960 --> 00:24:25,480
1151
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ soldiers ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุจุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ูˆู‚ูˆู
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:25,480 --> 00:24:30,340
1155
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ runners ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุชุธู„ูˆุง ู…ูŠุฌุฑูˆุง ุจุชุฎุจุทูˆุง ููŠ ุทุฑู
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:30,340 --> 00:24:32,280
1159
+ ุงู„ุฑุตูŠูุฉ ู…ุคู„ู… ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:41,380 --> 00:24:49,360
1163
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุดูƒู„ ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ู€ stress fracture ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:49,360 --> 00:24:56,720
1167
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏุงุฏุงุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุง ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:56,720 --> 00:25:00,860
1171
+ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ PDM ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:25:03,050 --> 00:25:07,150
1175
+ The larger the stress, the faster will be the
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:07,150 --> 00:25:11,410
1179
+ fracture ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง shorter fatigue life ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:25:11,410 --> 00:25:16,230
1183
+ ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ stress ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ุฃุณุฑุน ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุง
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:16,230 --> 00:25:21,830
1187
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ stress ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุชุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ูุณุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู†ู‡
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:21,830 --> 00:25:24,390
1191
+ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุฏุฑุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:24,390 --> 00:25:29,150
1195
+ ุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ fatigue life means
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:33,310 --> 00:25:38,030
1199
+ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฎุทุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆู‚ุชุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุถู„ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุดุฎุต
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:38,030 --> 00:25:42,590
1203
+ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุฎุทุฃ ูˆูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ุถุบุท ูˆูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ูƒุณุฑ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:42,590 --> 00:25:45,930
1207
+ The slower the fracture the longer will be the
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:45,930 --> 00:25:49,130
1211
+ fatigue life and the faster the fracture the
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:49,130 --> 00:25:54,290
1215
+ shorter will be the fatigue life ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:54,290 --> 00:25:58,710
1219
+ ุณุฑุนุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู„ุงู‚ูŠู†ุง fracture ุตุงุฑุช ุฃุณุฑุน ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:58,710 --> 00:26:04,840
1223
+ fatigue life ุฃู‚ู„ ุทุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ causes of fatigue
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:26:04,840 --> 00:26:09,700
1227
+ and fractureุŸ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ูุณุฑู†ุงู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:26:09,700 --> 00:26:13,460
1231
+ fatigue of the muscles which act to reduce the
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:26:13,460 --> 00:26:17,080
1235
+ inside stresses on the bone. So if stresses
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:17,080 --> 00:26:20,640
1239
+ increase on certain area of the bone unfairly or
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:26:20,640 --> 00:26:25,920
1243
+ not ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฅู† ุงู„ุฅุถุงู… ุจุญุงุทุฉ ุจุงู„ุนุฏู„ุงุช
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:26:25,920 --> 00:26:29,920
1247
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุญ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุญู‚ ู„ู€ movement ู„ูƒู† ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ู‡ุง
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:29,920 --> 00:26:34,310
1251
+ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุญู…ูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ Covering ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู€ bone
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:34,310 --> 00:26:38,750
1255
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Layers ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู€ bone ุจุชุญู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:38,750 --> 00:26:44,430
1259
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุฃุณูุฉ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:44,430 --> 00:26:49,210
1263
+ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ู…ุฑู‡ู‚ุฉ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ู„ูŠุณ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:49,210 --> 00:26:55,810
1267
+ ููŠู‡ุง tool ุชุญู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ bone ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ left traction
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:55,810 --> 00:27:02,970
1271
+ ุฃูˆ accumulation of the bone might ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:27:02,970 --> 00:27:07,690
1275
+ ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ ossification ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ repair ูˆ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:07,690 --> 00:27:12,050
1279
+ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:12,050 --> 00:27:13,350
1283
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ ossification ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:27:13,350 --> 00:27:17,210
1287
+ repair ูˆ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:27:17,210 --> 00:27:18,230
1291
+ ู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:27:18,230 --> 00:27:19,030
1295
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:27:19,030 --> 00:27:19,170
1299
+ ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:19,170 --> 00:27:19,370
1303
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:27:19,370 --> 00:27:20,350
1307
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:27:20,350 --> 00:27:20,650
1311
+ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:27:20,650 --> 00:27:24,770
1315
+ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:27:24,770 --> 00:27:27,290
1319
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:27:27,290 --> 00:27:30,010
1323
+ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุถุฑุจุฉ ู„ูƒู†
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:27:30,010 --> 00:27:35,490
1327
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุถุฑุจุฉ ุฃุณุงุณุง ู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒุณุฑ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:27:35,490 --> 00:27:40,250
1331
+ ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชุชุฌู…ุน ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ damage ู„ุญุฏ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:40,250 --> 00:27:45,150
1335
+ ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ failure ุชุตูŠุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุนุถู„ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃูŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:45,150 --> 00:27:49,750
1339
+ ุงู„ุชุญู…ู„ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุขุฎุฑ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ decrease
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:27:49,750 --> 00:27:54,450
1343
+ intermolecular resistance of the bone ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุจุชุถุนู
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:27:54,450 --> 00:27:58,800
1347
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ osteoporosis ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉู„ุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุฃ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:27:58,800 --> 00:28:03,720
1351
+ ูู…ู†ูŠุฑุงู„ุฒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุณุชุฑุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:28:03,720 --> 00:28:08,940
1355
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุถุงู‚ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุถุนู ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุณุงุณ ุฃู†ู‡
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:28:08,940 --> 00:28:13,160
1359
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง head fracture ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ fractures ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:28:13,160 --> 00:28:17,100
1363
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ fracture common ููŠ ุงู„ metatarsals ุฃูˆ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:28:17,100 --> 00:28:22,840
1367
+ military risk weak roots ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:22,840 --> 00:28:27,640
1371
+ ุงู„ military ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฌูŠุด ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุจูŠุฌุฑูˆุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:27,640 --> 00:28:31,320
1375
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุชุจุฑุงุฏุฌุงู„ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆุจูŠุชุนุจูˆุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆู…ููŠุด
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:31,320 --> 00:28:34,700
1379
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃูˆู‚ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฑุงุญุฉ ูˆุจุชูƒุฑุฑ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:34,700 --> 00:28:38,880
1383
+ ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ metatarsal fracture
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:38,880 --> 00:28:42,500
1387
+ ุงู„athletes ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ marching long distance ุฃูˆ ุงู„
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:28:42,500 --> 00:28:49,140
1391
+ running ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุดูŠ ู„ู…ุณุงูุงุช ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุณุงุจู‚ุงุช
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:28:49,140 --> 00:28:54,240
1395
+ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุฏุงุฆูŠู† ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู… ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจูŠุชุฎุจุทูˆุง ูˆ ุงู„
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:28:54,240 --> 00:28:58,200
1399
+ nurses ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… the fracture of the fifth metatarsal
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:28:58,200 --> 00:29:01,940
1403
+ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ nurses ุจุชุชุนุฑุถูˆุง ู„ู„ูˆู‚ูˆู ู„ูุชุฑุงุช
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:29:01,940 --> 00:29:06,500
1407
+ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุดูŠู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ุฃูˆ ุจุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุด ู„ู†ูุณู‡ู… ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:29:06,500 --> 00:29:10,100
1411
+ ุจุชุทุฑุฑ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ูŠุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุธุฑูˆู
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:29:10,100 --> 00:29:15,160
1415
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุงุช ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุจุงุก ู‡ุฐุง ุฎู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:29:15,160 --> 00:29:19,900
1419
+ ุนู„ุงุชู‚ู‡ู… ุดู‡ุฏุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:29:19,900 --> 00:29:24,880
1423
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู„ูˆู‚ุช ุทูˆูŠู„ ูŠุณู…ุญูˆุง ู„ูƒุฑุงูƒุณ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุชุตุจุญ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:29:24,880 --> 00:29:30,940
1427
+ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑุฉ ูˆุชุชูุฑุฌ ุจุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆู†ุณ ุจุจุนุถ ู…ุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุฉ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:29:30,940 --> 00:29:37,640
1431
+ ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุญุตู„ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุจุณูŠุท ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:29:37,640 --> 00:29:44,600
1435
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุญุฑูƒ ุฃูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุฃูˆ ูŠุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:29:44,600 --> 00:29:49,970
1439
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุทูŠุจ ูƒูŠู ู†ุนู…ู„ reduce ู„ู„ wet pairing ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:29:49,970 --> 00:29:54,930
1443
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ู†ูˆู‚ูุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ู„ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:29:54,930 --> 00:29:59,290
1447
+ ุงู„ุดูˆุฒ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูŠุญุฉ ูˆุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ู…ุงู†ุฏูˆุฑุด ุนู„ู‰
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:29:59,290 --> 00:30:03,770
1451
+ ุงู„ู…ุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุดูˆุฒ ู„ุฃ ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุดูˆุฒ ุชูƒูˆู†
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:30:03,770 --> 00:30:08,690
1455
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุฑูŠุญุฉ ูˆูˆุงุณุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆุงู„ุจ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:30:08,690 --> 00:30:12,970
1459
+ ุงู„ุจูˆุฒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ู…ุด ุงู„ุจูˆุฒ ุงู„ุฑู‚ูŠุน ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู„ุจุณ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:30:12,970 --> 00:30:16,520
1463
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุฏุงุช ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:30:16,520 --> 00:30:19,900
1467
+ Stabilization and Support ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝู„ู€ Infants
PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/QqGJeC8FgwI_postprocess.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1468 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:02,520 --> 00:00:07,880
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ุทู„ุจุชู†ุง ุงู„ุนุฏุงุก
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:07,880 --> 00:00:12,300
7
+ ู…ุฎุงุฏุฑุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ู…ุณุงูุฑ ุงู„ู€ biomechanics
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:12,300 --> 00:00:16,020
11
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุจุงู„ู…ุฎุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุนู† biomechanics of bone ูˆ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:16,020 --> 00:00:19,680
15
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€ biomechanics of bone fracture
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:19,680 --> 00:00:24,240
19
+ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ possible fracture patterns due to
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:24,240 --> 00:00:29,650
23
+ various loadingู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ fractureุŸ fracture is
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:29,650 --> 00:00:34,790
27
+ a breaking of bone ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุงู„ fracture when the risk
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:34,790 --> 00:00:39,950
31
+ is high when the stress exceeded the maximum load
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:39,950 --> 00:00:43,530
35
+ being delivered of the bone ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุฐุง ุงุญู†ุง
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:43,530 --> 00:00:48,250
39
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูƒู„ ุนุทู…ุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ุฎุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู‡ู…ุณ ูˆู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู†ุตูŠุจ forces
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:48,250 --> 00:00:52,490
43
+ ุงูˆ compressive forces ุงูˆ loads ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุนุฑุถู„ู‡ุง
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:52,490 --> 00:00:57,600
47
+ ุงู„ bone ูุทุจุนุง ุงุฐุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ูƒูˆุงู„ุถุฑุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ stress
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:57,600 --> 00:01:02,680
51
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ bone ูˆ ุฒุงุฏุช ุนู† ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุญู…ู„
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:02,680 --> 00:01:06,260
55
+ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ diffraction ุทุจุนุง ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:06,260 --> 00:01:11,240
59
+ diffractionุŸ ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ diffractionุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุทุจุนุง
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:11,240 --> 00:01:15,200
63
+ factors ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุงูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจู†ุชุนุฑุถ ุงู†ู‡ ุจู†ุญุณ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:15,200 --> 00:01:18,400
67
+ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุถุฑุจุฉ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุจู†ุดุฏ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:18,400 --> 00:01:23,340
71
+ ุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ุจู†ุดุฏ ุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ุนุถุงู… ู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:23,340 --> 00:01:30,400
75
+ ุชุชูƒุณุฑุดุทุจุนุงู‹ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง shock absorbers ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:30,400 --> 00:01:34,920
79
+ ุงู„ู€ Intervertebral disk ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:34,920 --> 00:01:41,080
83
+ H2 vertebra ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:41,080 --> 00:01:43,940
87
+ ุงู„ fracture ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ energy absorbed ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒูุงุณุฉ ููŠ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:43,940 --> 00:01:46,940
91
+ ู‚ุทุฉ ุณุฑุน ู…ู† ุงู„ tissue ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:46,940 --> 00:01:50,520
95
+ fracture ู‚ุฏุงุด ููŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† shock absorption ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:50,520 --> 00:01:55,080
99
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ elements ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุนู„ู‰
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:55,080 --> 00:01:58,300
103
+ ุงู„ู€ state of muscle activity ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:58,300 --> 00:02:01,920
107
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ุดุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† risk of fracture
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:01,920 --> 00:02:08,680
111
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ position of the part at time ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจุญุฏุฏ ูƒูŠู
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:08,680 --> 00:02:12,840
115
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ูƒูŠู ุชุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุนุถู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ site of impact
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:12,840 --> 00:02:18,600
119
+ ูˆูŠู† ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุงุชุฌุช ุงู„ุทูŠุจุฉ ู†ุดูˆู fracture due to
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:18,600 --> 00:02:22,000
123
+ tension ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุดุฏ ุตุงุฑุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุถู…ุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:22,000 --> 00:02:26,970
127
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู†ุงุฏุฑุฉููŠ ุงู„ู€ long bone ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:26,970 --> 00:02:30,770
131
+ long bone ู…ุด ุณู‡ู„ ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุดุชุบู„ู‡ ูุงู„ู€ failure
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:30,770 --> 00:02:34,870
135
+ mechanism for bone loaded in tension is mainly a
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:34,870 --> 00:02:41,450
139
+ transverse crack ูƒู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:41,450 --> 00:02:49,410
143
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ transverse ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ tensile
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:49,410 --> 00:02:54,890
147
+ forcesู…ุด ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ long
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:54,890 --> 00:03:00,510
151
+ bone diaphysis is uncommon ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† associated
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:00,510 --> 00:03:04,890
155
+ with avulsion ุงูŠุด ูƒู„ู…ุฉ avulsion ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ู„ุน
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:04,890 --> 00:03:12,270
159
+ ู‚ู„ุน avulsion ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ู„ุน ุงูˆ fossil ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจู†ุฎู„ุน ุงู„ู†ุจุชุฉ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:12,270 --> 00:03:16,370
163
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุทูŠู†ุฉ ุตุญุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:16,370 --> 00:03:20,160
167
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ุชุตูŠุฑู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู‚ู„ู‚ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:20,160 --> 00:03:25,340
171
+ ุชู†ุฏู† ุนุงู…ู„ ุดุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุถู…ุฉ ูˆ ุณุญุจู‡ุง ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:25,340 --> 00:03:29,820
175
+ associated with a bulging fracture ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุงู† ุณูŠู„ุงุณ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:29,820 --> 00:03:35,060
179
+ bone at the metaphyseal ุงุฎุฑ ุงู„ fracture ุจุทู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:35,060 --> 00:03:37,920
183
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† transverse because of maximum
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:37,920 --> 00:03:42,200
187
+ tensilistis generated at the transverse implant ุฒูŠ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:42,200 --> 00:03:46,820
191
+ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ long bone ุจุดูˆู
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:47,140 --> 00:03:50,960
195
+ ุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูุงุชุช ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจู†ุฃูƒุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:50,960 --> 00:03:55,500
199
+ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง two epiphysis ูˆููŠู‡ุง two epiphysis
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:55,500 --> 00:04:03,240
203
+ ูˆููŠู‡ long bone ูˆููŠู‡ุง ู…ุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ cavity ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:03,240 --> 00:04:08,200
207
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ุงุจููŠุฒูŠุง ู„ู„ุจู„ุงุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุชุทูˆู„
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:08,200 --> 00:04:11,340
211
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุนุธุงู…
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:14,150 --> 00:04:18,950
215
+ ุฃุญู†ุง ูˆูŠู† ุจุชุดูˆู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ tensile fracture
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:18,950 --> 00:04:21,230
219
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ tensile loading ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:21,230 --> 00:04:25,090
223
+ councilor's bone ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุจู†ุดูˆู ู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:25,090 --> 00:04:28,670
227
+ ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… fracture ููŠ ุงู„ู€ base of
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:28,670 --> 00:04:33,290
231
+ the hip metatarsal bone ููŠ ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู€ lateral
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:33,290 --> 00:04:36,850
235
+ part of the foot adjacent to the attachment of the
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:36,850 --> 00:04:41,750
239
+ pironeus longus pironeus bracte sorryุงู„ุฎุทุฑ ู‡ุฐุง
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:41,750 --> 00:04:46,050
243
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจูŠู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุถุฑุจุฉ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:46,050 --> 00:04:51,710
247
+ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง contraction ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:51,710 --> 00:04:57,310
251
+ triceps ุฃูˆ ุงู„ cuff muscle ูุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุฎู„ุน ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:57,310 --> 00:05:02,470
255
+ ุฎู„ุน ุงู„ water ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุชูŠู†ุฏูˆ ุฃูƒูŠู„ุงุณ ูˆ ุชุฑูˆุญ ุจูŠู‚ุนุฏ ู…ุนุงู‡
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:02,470 --> 00:05:07,830
259
+ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุถู…ุฉ ุงู„calcanus ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:07,830 --> 00:05:10,550
263
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุนุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ุจุชู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† attachments
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:10,550 --> 00:05:14,830
267
+ ู„ู„ู€ Quadriceps ุชู†ุฏู„ ุฃูˆ ุชู†ุฏู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:14,830 --> 00:05:18,230
271
+ ู‡ูˆ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุจุชู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† contraction ุฃูˆ forceful
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:18,230 --> 00:05:21,070
275
+ contraction ู„ู„ู€ Quadriceps ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:21,070 --> 00:05:26,610
279
+ ู„ู„ู„ุงุนุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุฎู„ุน ูƒู…ุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ avulsion ุงู„
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:26,610 --> 00:05:30,330
283
+ fracture ู„ู„ุจุชู„ุฉ ุทุจุนู‹ุง side of fracture
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:40,670 --> 00:05:48,990
287
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูŠุฏ ุงู„ attachment ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:48,990 --> 00:05:54,250
291
+ ุจูŠู†ุฎู„ู‚ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง object ุงูˆ man ุงู„ fracture occurs
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:54,250 --> 00:05:58,390
295
+ along these oblique angles ูˆ ุงู„chair stresses are
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:58,390 --> 00:06:02,390
299
+ the greatestุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ fractures produced by
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:02,390 --> 00:06:04,950
303
+ compressive regions are usually found in the
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:04,950 --> 00:06:09,190
307
+ vertebra ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุญู†ุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:09,190 --> 00:06:12,390
311
+ vertebral column ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู„ุญุฉ ู„ู†ุงุณ ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุฃูˆ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:12,390 --> 00:06:17,090
315
+ ู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงู†ุงุช ูุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ vertebra
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:17,090 --> 00:06:21,470
319
+ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ watching ุฃูˆ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงูุชุฉ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:21,470 --> 00:06:25,950
323
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ rarely fracture occur due to pure compression
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:25,950 --> 00:06:31,150
327
+ ุจุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑุงู„ุดุงุฑุน ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฅู†ูƒ ุฑูƒุฒูŠุฉ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:31,150 --> 00:06:34,870
331
+ ุงู„ compression ุฅู„ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑุชุจูŠู† usually there
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:34,870 --> 00:06:38,570
335
+ is a combination of compression with bending or
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:38,570 --> 00:06:41,790
339
+ shear and shearing processes on the other hand
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:41,790 --> 00:06:45,610
343
+ much of compressive forces may be absorbed by
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:45,610 --> 00:06:51,030
347
+ intervening elastic tissue say air ู†ุดูˆู ุฅุญู†ุง ุงู„
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:51,030 --> 00:06:54,210
351
+ intervertebral disc ุฅูŠุด ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:54,210 --> 00:06:57,350
355
+ intervertebral disc ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ shock absorptionุนู†ุฏู…ุง
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:57,350 --> 00:07:01,610
359
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุถุบุท ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ head ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ head
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:01,610 --> 00:07:04,790
363
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ vertebral colon ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ cervical ูˆ ุงู„ู€
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:04,790 --> 00:07:07,310
367
+ cervical ู‡ูŠุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ petrosic ู…ู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:07,310 --> 00:07:11,190
371
+ intervertebral disc ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ shock absorption ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ุง
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:11,190 --> 00:07:16,130
375
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ intervertebral disc ุงู†ุชุฏ ูุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:16,130 --> 00:07:20,430
379
+ ุจูŠู†ุทุณ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ absorption ู„ู„ุตุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ูˆ ุจุฎูู
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:20,430 --> 00:07:24,940
383
+ ู…ู† ุญุฏุชู‡ุง ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ risk of fracture ุฃู‚ู„ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:24,940 --> 00:07:27,800
387
+ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ fracture ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŸ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:27,800 --> 00:07:31,160
391
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง compression wedging fracture ุฃูˆ wedging
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:31,160 --> 00:07:35,580
395
+ fracture ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชุจุฑุง ุนุงู…ู„ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ุฒูŠ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:35,580 --> 00:07:43,940
399
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ ุฒูŠ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:43,940 --> 00:07:48,060
403
+ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ fracture due to bendingุŒ bending ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุงู†ูŠ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:48,060 --> 00:07:52,680
407
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุง non axial forces ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง two
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:52,680 --> 00:07:57,760
411
+ non axial forcesุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ุณูŠู‚ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูุณูŠุจุฏุฃ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:57,760 --> 00:08:15,100
415
+ ุงู„ุชู†ุณูŠู‚ ููŠ ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุญูŠุซ ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฃุถุบุท ู†ูุณู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:15,100 --> 00:08:23,740
419
+ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุชู†ุณูŠู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:26,040 --> 00:08:29,660
423
+ ูˆุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุดุบูˆู„ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:29,660 --> 00:08:38,340
427
+ ู…ุถุบูˆุทุฉ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ูƒุซุฑ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ tension stress
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:38,340 --> 00:08:41,640
431
+ more destructive than compressive tension ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:41,640 --> 00:08:46,260
435
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจุตูŠุฑ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ุจุตูŠุฑ ูƒุซุฑ Transverse fracture
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:46,260 --> 00:08:49,580
439
+ ุฃู…ุง ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุจุตูŠุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง small butterfly
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:49,580 --> 00:08:55,200
443
+ fractureููŠ ุงู„ู€ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:55,200 --> 00:08:59,760
447
+ butterfly fly ูุฑุงุดุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ fracture ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:59,760 --> 00:09:04,620
451
+ ูุฑุงุดุฉ ุชุญุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุจุชู†ุฎู„ุน ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠู‡
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:04,620 --> 00:09:08,640
455
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ this butterfly fracture is found
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:08,640 --> 00:09:12,480
459
+ by propagation of two cracks in the two oblique
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:12,480 --> 00:09:15,720
463
+ fracture ุจู„ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุตุฑููŠุฉ ุงู„
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:15,720 --> 00:09:17,740
467
+ fracture is produced by bending
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:21,600 --> 00:09:26,860
471
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ูˆ ุจูŠู„ุนุจูˆุง ุฑูŠุงุถุฉ ุชุชุฒู„ุฌ ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ุฏู…
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:26,860 --> 00:09:30,760
475
+ ุฌุณู…ู‡ู… ูˆ ุจูŠุถู„ ุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ู… ุชุงู ุชุงู ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ energy
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:30,760 --> 00:09:33,640
479
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุชู‚ุฏู… ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:47,180 --> 00:09:52,360
483
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ Transverse fracture ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:52,360 --> 00:09:56,200
487
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง tension ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:56,200 --> 00:10:04,060
491
+ compression ุนุงุฏุฉ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:04,060 --> 00:10:09,740
495
+ ูˆูŠู† ุจู†ุดูˆู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ fractureุŸ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:09,740 --> 00:10:13,000
499
+ ู…ุงุดูˆูู†ุงุด ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏู†ุง ู„ุฃู† ู…ุงูƒู†ุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุฐู„ุฌ ุนู„ู‰
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:17,510
503
+ ุงู„ุจุงู„ูŠุจ ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุฐู„ุฌูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:17,510 --> 00:10:23,210
507
+ ุจูˆุช ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจุงู„ุชุฒู„ุฌ ุงู„ุจูˆุช ู‡ุฐุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูƒุจู‘ุท ุจุญุฏุงูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:23,210 --> 00:10:27,110
511
+ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠุจูŠุง ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชุซุจุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:27,110 --> 00:10:32,650
515
+ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจูŠุชู‚ุฏู… ููŠ ุฌุณู…ู‡ ูˆุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ู…ุญุฌูˆุฒุฉ ุจุฌูˆุงุช
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:32,650 --> 00:10:36,230
519
+ ุงู„ุจูˆุช ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชูŠุจูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ูุจู„ุงูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:36,230 --> 00:10:41,830
523
+ ููŠู‡ fracture ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ top of the butt ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:41,830 --> 00:10:49,950
527
+ bending ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ proximal tibia and an equal
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:49,950 --> 00:10:54,710
531
+ moment produced by the fixed part ู„ุฃู† ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ุชุญุช ุฃูˆ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:54,710 --> 00:11:02,210
535
+ ุงู„ููˆุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฌูˆุงู‡ ุงู„ุจุท ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุตูŠุฑ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:02,210 --> 00:11:09,310
539
+ ูƒุณุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุญุฑู ุงู„ุจุท ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ุชุจุน ูˆุงู„ุญุจูˆุจูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:09,310 --> 00:11:12,730
543
+ four point pending fracture ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:12,730 --> 00:11:18,390
547
+ manipulation ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„ friction ู„ุฅู† ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:18,390 --> 00:11:22,390
551
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ููŠู‡ surgical affected
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:22,390 --> 00:11:26,370
555
+ fracture ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ team ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ manipulation
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:26,370 --> 00:11:33,390
559
+ ุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุณุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ูƒุณุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ team ู†ุฑูˆุญ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:33,390 --> 00:11:36,650
563
+ ุนู„ู‰ the fracture due to shear ุฃู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:36,650 --> 00:11:41,880
567
+ ุฅุฒุงุญุฉู„ุชูˆุตู ุงู„ู€ stress ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ุน ุนู†ู‡ุง
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:41,880 --> 00:11:46,440
571
+ Spondylolisthesis
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:46,440 --> 00:11:51,420
575
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:51,420 --> 00:11:56,520
579
+ ูƒุณุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:56,520 --> 00:11:59,000
583
+ ุงู„ passage joints ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ุนู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:05,240
587
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุดุงุก ู„ู„ุจุฑุชุจุฑุฉ ู„ุชุญุช ูุจุณ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ู…
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:05,240 --> 00:12:12,380
591
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ุจุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุช ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุดููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:12,380 --> 00:12:17,340
595
+ ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ disk ุฃุฏุงุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุถุนูŠู ูˆthin ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุด ุนู†ุฏู‡
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:17,340 --> 00:12:23,400
599
+ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุตุฏู…ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ fracture ุงู„
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:23,400 --> 00:12:29,220
603
+ share loading ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ load is applied parallel to the
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:29,220 --> 00:12:32,740
607
+ surface of the structure ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:32,740 --> 00:12:37,910
611
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ councilors phoneุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Fracture
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:37,910 --> 00:12:41,990
615
+ of Femur ุงู„ู€ Femoral Concile ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Tibial Plateau
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:41,990 --> 00:12:46,030
619
+ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุง ุจุตูŠุจ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ Scars ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ุทุจูˆุง
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:46,030 --> 00:12:49,930
623
+ ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ูุฒูˆุง ู‚ูุฒุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ูˆุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู€ Femur ุนู„ู‰
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:49,930 --> 00:12:54,910
627
+ ุงู„ู€ Tibial Plateau ูู‡ู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:54,910 --> 00:13:01,170
631
+ sliding ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณูŠุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ vertebra ุฃุซู†ุชูŠู† ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ู…
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:01,170 --> 00:13:04,230
635
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:08,720 --> 00:13:14,660
639
+ 5S1 ุงู„ู€ fracture due to torsional load ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:14,660 --> 00:13:18,900
643
+ ุงู„ู€ torsion ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุนุตุฑ ู„ุฃู† ููŠู‡ุง twisting ููŠ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:18,900 --> 00:13:21,680
647
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ twisting ุงู„ู€ bone is subjected to
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:21,680 --> 00:13:24,120
651
+ different types of stress in different directions
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:24,120 --> 00:13:26,400
655
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง shear ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง compression ูˆ ููŠ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:26,400 --> 00:13:29,900
659
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง psychosis ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ shear
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:29,900 --> 00:13:34,480
663
+ stresses occur at the axial directionุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:34,480 --> 00:13:39,180
667
+ ุงู„ุชุนุงููŠ ูˆูƒุงู† ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ู„ูˆ ุฒู…ุณูŠู†ุง ููˆุทุฉ ูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:39,180 --> 00:13:44,760
671
+ ุจุนุตุฑ ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:44,760 --> 00:13:50,100
675
+ ุงู„ููˆุทุฉ ู‡ุฐูŠ ู†ุฌุฑ ู…ู† ุนุตุฑู‡ุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ sharing stresses
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:50,100 --> 00:13:56,820
679
+ ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ share stresses ูุงุฑุดุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ central axis
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:59,020 --> 00:14:04,060
683
+ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุจุนุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ูƒู…ุง
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:04,060 --> 00:14:09,400
687
+ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุญุถุฑุงุก ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชู†ุณุงูŠู„
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:09,400 --> 00:14:17,120
691
+ ูƒู…ุจุฑุณู ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:17,120 --> 00:14:19,300
695
+ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:19,300 --> 00:14:21,880
699
+ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:21,880 --> 00:14:22,920
703
+ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:22,920 --> 00:14:25,790
707
+ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:25,790 --> 00:14:29,450
711
+ fracture in shape of small crack and then run ุงู„
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:29,450 --> 00:14:34,510
715
+ spiral manar ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ spiral manar
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:34,510 --> 00:14:40,470
719
+ ู‡ู†ุง ููƒุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฏูˆุฑุงู† ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ ..
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:40,470 --> 00:14:51,410
723
+ ุงู„ bone ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ spiral fracture ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:51,410 --> 00:14:53,830
727
+ ุงู„ angle ุจุชูƒูˆู† 45
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:56,380 --> 00:15:02,420
731
+ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€Skier ู‡ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€Bot ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุงุท
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:15:02,420 --> 00:15:09,180
735
+ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจู‡ ูˆู‡ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€Tibia ู…ู† ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒู„
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:09,180 --> 00:15:13,740
739
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุชูˆู‚ู ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ุจูŠุธู„ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูู‡ุฐู‡
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:13,740 --> 00:15:20,710
743
+ ุจุชุซุจุช ุงู„ุญุจุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€Bot ู‡ุงู†ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญูุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุซุงุจุชุฉ
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:20,710 --> 00:15:25,110
747
+ ูˆุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Tibia ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:25,110 --> 00:15:33,210
751
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุณุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุญุฌุฒ
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:33,210 --> 00:15:39,650
755
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Tibia ูˆุจุชุธู„ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Tibia
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:39,650 --> 00:15:43,490
759
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:52,140 --> 00:15:56,060
763
+ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ shear stresses ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:56,060 --> 00:16:00,360
767
+ torsion ูƒูŠู ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุงู† ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ shear
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:16:00,360 --> 00:16:07,900
771
+ stresses ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ normal tensile stresses ุงู„
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:07,900 --> 00:16:13,100
775
+ fracture due to a combined load Combined ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:13,100 --> 00:16:18,320
779
+ ูƒุฐุง load ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ bending ู…ุน compression
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:18,320 --> 00:16:22,640
783
+ loadุจุณุจุจ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุชุณุจุจ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:22,640 --> 00:16:25,140
787
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:25,140 --> 00:16:30,120
791
+ ุนุงุฏู„ ูƒุณุฑ ุจุถู‡ูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:30,120 --> 00:16:31,400
795
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:31,400 --> 00:16:36,040
799
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ุณุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:36,040 --> 00:16:36,360
803
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:42,490 --> 00:16:46,530
807
+ ุงู„ุชู†ุณูŠุท ูŠู‚ุถูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:46,530 --> 00:16:50,870
811
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุชู†ุณูŠุท
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:50,870 --> 00:16:56,930
815
+ ูุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุง compression ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ fracture
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:56,930 --> 00:17:01,930
819
+ pattern will be as bending fracture ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุณ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:17:01,930 --> 00:17:05,470
823
+ bending transverse fracture ููŠ ุชู†ุณูŠุท ูˆ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:05,470 --> 00:17:09,210
827
+ butterfly ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ compressive ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ butterfly
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:09,210 --> 00:17:15,530
831
+ more biggerู‡ู„ ุงู„ู€ Butterfly ุฃูƒุจุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:15,530 --> 00:17:20,650
835
+ ุจุณุจุจ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Bending ูˆ ุงู„ู€ CompressionุŸ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:20,650 --> 00:17:25,750
839
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุถูู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Bending ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:25,750 --> 00:17:32,610
843
+ Compression ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ Butterfly
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:32,610 --> 00:17:38,790
847
+ case ุจุชุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ู†ุง ุจุณ Bending
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:39,310 --> 00:17:43,710
851
+ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒูŠู ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ tension ูˆ ุงู„
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:43,710 --> 00:17:47,430
855
+ compression ูˆ ุงู„ tension ู…ุน ุงู„ compression ูˆ ูƒูŠู
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:47,430 --> 00:17:52,770
859
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง Transverse fracture ูˆ
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:52,770 --> 00:17:56,750
863
+ ู‡ู†ุง Butterfly
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:56,750 --> 00:18:03,610
867
+ ุงู„ combination ุจูŠู† ุงู„ torsion ูˆ ุงู„ bending ูˆ ุงู„
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:18:03,610 --> 00:18:08,080
871
+ compression load ู‡ุฐู‡ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:08,080 --> 00:18:12,320
875
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง complicated fracture ุฃูˆ compound
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:12,320 --> 00:18:17,900
879
+ fracture ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง will cause spiral
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:17,900 --> 00:18:21,560
883
+ fracture at the opposite side and also combined
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:21,560 --> 00:18:26,120
887
+ with small oblique fracture ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฒูŠ
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:26,120 --> 00:18:32,580
891
+ ุชูุชุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู… ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† load ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฃุซุฑ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:32,580 --> 00:18:37,800
895
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุถู…ุทูŠุจุŒ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุฃุฑูˆุญ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง fractures ุฃูˆ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:37,800 --> 00:18:41,580
899
+ fatigue fracture stress or march fracture ู„ูŠุด ุณู…ูˆู‡
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:41,580 --> 00:18:46,500
903
+ march fractureุŸ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุตูŠุจ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนุฏุงุฆูŠู† ูˆ
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:46,500 --> 00:18:51,280
907
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠุดุŒ ู„ุฐุง ุณู…ูˆู‡ march fracture ุทูŠุจุŒ ุงู„
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:51,280 --> 00:18:54,640
911
+ phenomenon of fatigue fracture ู„ุฏู‰ ุฅุญู†ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:54,640 --> 00:18:58,140
915
+ ุจู†ุถุฑุจ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠุด ููŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู†
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:58,140 --> 00:19:02,420
919
+ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชู†ุชุณุฑุดุŒ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชู†ุชุณุฑุดุŒ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:19:02,420 --> 00:19:07,590
923
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉูุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุชุชูุชุช ุชุชูุชุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:07,590 --> 00:19:11,410
927
+ ูƒู†ุง ุทุงู„ุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุฏุฑุณู‡ู… ูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ูŠุง ู†ุณ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูˆุงู„ูŠ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:11,410 --> 00:19:15,330
931
+ ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ูˆู…ุง ุงู†ูƒุณุฑุด ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู‚ุน ุนู†
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:15,330 --> 00:19:20,970
935
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ูุงู†ูƒุณุฑ ุทุจ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู…ุด ุจูŠูุณุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃูˆู„
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:20,970 --> 00:19:28,230
939
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูˆู‚ุน ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุณู‡ ุงู„ molecules ูˆ ุงู„ stress
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:28,230 --> 00:19:34,220
943
+ inside ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎููŠู ูููŠู‡ ุชุญู…ู„ ูƒุงู†ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุฏุฑุจุฉ
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:34,220 --> 00:19:38,360
947
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ microns ููŠ ุดุบู„ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:38,360 --> 00:19:42,780
951
+ micro cracks ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุชุจุน
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:42,780 --> 00:19:48,500
955
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌูˆุงุช ูุงู„ุฏุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุงุชุญู…ู„ุช ุงู„ุฏุฑุจุฉ ูˆ ูˆู‚ุน ุฃูˆ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:48,500 --> 00:19:52,060
959
+ ุงู†ุชุณุฑ ุฃูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ damage ุงู„ fracture ููŠ ุงู„ bone
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:52,060 --> 00:19:55,850
963
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุฃูˆู„ ุฏุฑุจุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:55,850 --> 00:19:59,090
967
+ ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ุจุชุชุญู…ุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชูˆุฌุนู†ุง ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ู…ุงุจุนู„ูŠ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:59,090 --> 00:20:03,130
971
+ ู‡ุชุฏู„ุด ู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจู‡ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฏุฑุจุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจุชูˆุฌุนู†ุง
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:20:03,130 --> 00:20:06,350
975
+ ูŠูˆู… ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:06,350 --> 00:20:10,810
979
+ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ู…ุชุณุฑุท ูˆ ูŠุฏูˆุจ ูˆ ูŠูˆู‚ุน ุนู† ุทุฑู ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุฑุงุณูŠ ู„ูŠุดุŸ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:10,810 --> 00:20:14,210
983
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงู‚ุตุฑุด ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€normal remodeling ุฃูˆ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:14,210 --> 00:20:18,150
987
+ ุงู„ู€healing ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุฎุฏ ุฏุฑุจุงุช ู…ุชุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุฑุง ุจุนุถู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:18,150 --> 00:20:21,410
991
+ ุจุชุณูŠุท ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆู‚ููˆุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:22,320 --> 00:20:26,860
995
+ ูˆุชุนุฑุถูˆุง ู„ุถุฑุจุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Fatigue is a process
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:26,860 --> 00:20:34,100
999
+ of pair and growth of cracks in a structure
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:34,100 --> 00:20:38,420
1003
+ subjected to repetitive load cycles ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:38,420 --> 00:20:45,440
1007
+ ุจุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ุถุฑุจุงุช ุงู„ู€ Cracks developed within and
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:45,440 --> 00:20:50,030
1011
+ between the osteon in an empty boneุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸู‡ูŠ
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:50,030 --> 00:20:56,790
1015
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ not excessive ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ู‘ูŠ ูƒุซุฑ ู„ูƒู†
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:56,790 --> 00:21:04,250
1019
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ remodeling ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:21:04,250 --> 00:21:08,590
1023
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุชุฑุจุงุช ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ุชุตุงุต
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:08,590 --> 00:21:12,510
1027
+ ู„ู„ู…ุชุงุฑูŠุง around ุงู„ micro-graphs and new bone
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:12,510 --> 00:21:18,110
1031
+ deposition ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุถู… ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:18,550 --> 00:21:23,730
1035
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุนุธู… ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠุฏูŠ ุจู†ุงุก ู†ูุณู‡ If
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:23,730 --> 00:21:27,790
1039
+ the damage is excessive, the normal remodeling
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:27,790 --> 00:21:31,910
1043
+ process can't keep up with the repair and fracture
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:43,880 --> 00:21:47,100
1047
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ fracture ู…ู† ุถุฑุจุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:47,100 --> 00:21:49,700
1051
+ ู…ุด ุถุฑุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุถุฑุจุชู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุถุจ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:49,700 --> 00:21:54,260
1055
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุถุนูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุถุฑุจ ู†ูƒุณุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:54,260 --> 00:21:57,840
1059
+ ูู†ุถุฑุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู„ุช ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ุงูŠุด
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:57,840 --> 00:22:00,860
1063
+ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงู…ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ุฎู„ุฎู„ู†ุง
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:22:00,860 --> 00:22:06,760
1067
+ ุงู„ุฑุฒูŠู‚ุงุช ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุณู‡ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุชุจู‡ุง As the
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:06,760 --> 00:22:10,420
1071
+ number of cyclic blood increases the ability of
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:10,420 --> 00:22:11,220
1075
+ the bone
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:24,680 --> 00:22:31,420
1079
+ ุชุชุฌู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:31,420 --> 00:22:36,700
1083
+ microns
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:36,700 --> 00:22:42,340
1087
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูƒุชุงุณุชุฑุงููŠูƒุงู„ูŠ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:42,340 --> 00:22:47,560
1091
+ ูˆูŠุณุจุจ ููŠู‡ ูุฑู‚ุดุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ูู†ูˆู…ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Fatigue Fracture
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:47,560 --> 00:23:01,540
1095
+ ูƒู…ุง ู†ุฑู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:23:01,540 --> 00:23:08,270
1099
+ ุชุตุจุญ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Binding ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุกู‡ู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:08,270 --> 00:23:17,350
1103
+ ุฅุดูŠ ุฎู„ ุฎู„ุช ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:17,350 --> 00:23:23,870
1107
+ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ .. ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ fracture ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:23,870 --> 00:23:29,630
1111
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ modeling ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุจูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ุฃู…ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุนุฏ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:29,630 --> 00:23:34,950
1115
+ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุงุจุชู‚ุฏุฑุด ุชุชุญู…ู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุงู„ุญุช ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:34,950 --> 00:23:42,890
1119
+ healingู…ุธุจูˆุท ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ failure ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:42,890 --> 00:23:49,390
1123
+ ู…ุง ุจุชู„ู‚ู… ุงู„ู‰ ุฑุฌุนุฉ ุงู†ูƒุณุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงุดูŠ ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:49,390 --> 00:23:56,010
1127
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ stress fracture of the foot ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:56,010 --> 00:24:00,890
1131
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠู‚ุงุจู„ูˆู†ุง ุจูŠุณุฃู„ูˆู†ุง ู„ูŠุด ููŠ
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:24:00,890 --> 00:24:04,500
1135
+ ุงู†ุง ู…ู† ุงุฎุฑ ุถุฑุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุนุงุฑู ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ูˆู„ุงู‚ูŠุช
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:24:04,500 --> 00:24:08,280
1139
+ ุฑุฌู„ูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุชู„ูˆุฌุงู†ูŠ ูู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ stress
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:24:08,280 --> 00:24:12,660
1143
+ fracture ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุญ metatarsal ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุด ูˆู„ุง
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:12,660 --> 00:24:19,960
1147
+ ุฅุดูŠ ุฅู„ุง ุจุณ ุจุฏู‡ ุชู„ุฌ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ูˆุฑุงุญุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุจ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:19,960 --> 00:24:25,480
1151
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ soldiers ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุจุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ูˆู‚ูˆู
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:25,480 --> 00:24:30,340
1155
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ runners ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุชุธู„ูˆุง ู…ูŠุฌุฑูˆุง ุจุชุฎุจุทูˆุง ููŠ ุทุฑู
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:30,340 --> 00:24:32,280
1159
+ ุงู„ุฑุตูŠูุฉ ู…ุคู„ู… ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:41,380 --> 00:24:49,360
1163
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุดูƒู„ ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ู€ stress fracture ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:49,360 --> 00:24:56,720
1167
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏุงุฏุงุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุง ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:56,720 --> 00:25:00,860
1171
+ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ PDM ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:25:03,050 --> 00:25:07,150
1175
+ The larger the stress, the faster will be the
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:07,150 --> 00:25:11,410
1179
+ fracture ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง shorter fatigue life ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:25:11,410 --> 00:25:16,230
1183
+ ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ stress ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ุฃุณุฑุน ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุง
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:16,230 --> 00:25:21,830
1187
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ stress ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุชุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ูุณุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู†ู‡
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:21,830 --> 00:25:24,390
1191
+ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุฏุฑุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:24,390 --> 00:25:29,150
1195
+ ุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ fatigue life means
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:33,310 --> 00:25:38,030
1199
+ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฎุทุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆู‚ุชุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุถู„ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุดุฎุต
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:38,030 --> 00:25:42,590
1203
+ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุฎุทุฃ ูˆูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ุถุบุท ูˆูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ูƒุณุฑ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:42,590 --> 00:25:45,930
1207
+ The slower the fracture the longer will be the
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:45,930 --> 00:25:49,130
1211
+ fatigue life and the faster the fracture the
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:49,130 --> 00:25:54,290
1215
+ shorter will be the fatigue life ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:54,290 --> 00:25:58,710
1219
+ ุณุฑุนุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู„ุงู‚ูŠู†ุง fracture ุตุงุฑุช ุฃุณุฑุน ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:58,710 --> 00:26:04,840
1223
+ fatigue life ุฃู‚ู„ุทุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ causes of fatigue
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:26:04,840 --> 00:26:09,700
1227
+ and fractureุŸ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ูุณุฑู†ุงู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:26:09,700 --> 00:26:13,460
1231
+ fatigue of the muscles which act to reduce that
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:26:13,460 --> 00:26:17,080
1235
+ inside stresses on the bone. So if stresses
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:17,080 --> 00:26:20,640
1239
+ increase on certain area of the bone unfairly or
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:26:20,640 --> 00:26:25,920
1243
+ not ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฅู† ุงู„ุฅุถุงู… ุจุญุงุทุฉ ุจุงู„ุนุฏู„ุงุช
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:26:25,920 --> 00:26:29,920
1247
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุญ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุญู‚ ู„ู€ movement ู„ูƒู† ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ู‡ุง
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:29,920 --> 00:26:34,310
1251
+ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุญู…ูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ Covering ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู€ bone
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:34,310 --> 00:26:38,750
1255
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Layers ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู€ bone ุจุชุญู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:38,750 --> 00:26:44,430
1259
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุฃุณูุฉ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:44,430 --> 00:26:49,210
1263
+ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ู…ุฑู‡ู‚ุฉ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ู„ูŠุณ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:49,210 --> 00:26:55,810
1267
+ ููŠู‡ุง tool ุชุญู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ bone ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ left traction
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:55,810 --> 00:27:02,970
1271
+ ุฃูˆู„ accumulation of the bone mightุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:27:02,970 --> 00:27:07,690
1275
+ ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ ossification ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ repair ูˆ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:07,690 --> 00:27:12,050
1279
+ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:12,050 --> 00:27:13,350
1283
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ ossification ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:27:13,350 --> 00:27:17,210
1287
+ repair ูˆ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:27:17,210 --> 00:27:18,230
1291
+ ู„ู€ ossification ูˆremodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:27:18,230 --> 00:27:19,030
1295
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:27:19,030 --> 00:27:19,170
1299
+ ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:19,170 --> 00:27:19,370
1303
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:27:19,370 --> 00:27:20,350
1307
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:27:20,350 --> 00:27:20,650
1311
+ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:27:20,650 --> 00:27:24,770
1315
+ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:27:24,770 --> 00:27:27,290
1319
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:27:27,290 --> 00:27:30,010
1323
+ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุถุฑุจุฉ ู„ูƒู†
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:27:30,010 --> 00:27:35,490
1327
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุถุฑุจุฉ ุฃุณุงุณุง ู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒุณุฑ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:27:35,490 --> 00:27:40,250
1331
+ ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชุชุฌู…ุน ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ damage ู„ุญุฏ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:40,250 --> 00:27:45,150
1335
+ ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ failure ุชุตูŠุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุนุถู„ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃูŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:45,150 --> 00:27:49,750
1339
+ ุงู„ุชุญู…ู„ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุขุฎุฑ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ decrease
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:27:49,750 --> 00:27:54,450
1343
+ intermolecular resistance of the bone ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุจุชุถุนู
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:27:54,450 --> 00:27:58,800
1347
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ osteoporosis ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉู„ุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุฃ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:27:58,800 --> 00:28:03,720
1351
+ ูู…ู†ูŠุฑุงู„ุฒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุณุชุฑุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:28:03,720 --> 00:28:08,940
1355
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุถุงู‚ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุถุนู ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุณุงุณ ุฃู†ู‡
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:28:08,940 --> 00:28:13,160
1359
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง head fracture ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ fractures ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆ
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:28:13,160 --> 00:28:17,100
1363
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ fracture common ููŠ ุงู„ metatarsals ุฃูˆ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:28:17,100 --> 00:28:22,840
1367
+ military risk weak roots ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:22,840 --> 00:28:27,640
1371
+ ุงู„ military ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฌูŠุดูู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุจูŠุฌุฑูˆุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:27,640 --> 00:28:31,320
1375
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุชุจุฑุงุฏุฌุงู„ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆุจูŠุชุนุจูˆุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆู…ููŠุด
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:31,320 --> 00:28:34,700
1379
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃูˆู‚ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฑุงุญุฉ ูˆุจุชูƒุฑุฑ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:34,700 --> 00:28:38,880
1383
+ ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ metatarsal fracture
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:38,880 --> 00:28:42,500
1387
+ ุงู„athletes ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ marching long distance ุฃูˆ ุงู„
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:28:42,500 --> 00:28:49,140
1391
+ running ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุดูŠ ู„ู…ุณุงูุงุช ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุณุงุจู‚ุงุช
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:28:49,140 --> 00:28:54,240
1395
+ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุฏุงุฆูŠู† ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู… ูƒุชูŠุฑุจูŠุชุฎุจุทูˆุง ูˆ ุงู„
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:28:54,240 --> 00:28:58,200
1399
+ nurses ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… the fracture of the fifth meter
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:28:58,200 --> 00:29:01,940
1403
+ tarsal ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ nurses ุจุชุชุนุฑุถูˆุง ู„ู„ูˆู‚ูˆู ู„ูุชุฑุงุช
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:29:01,940 --> 00:29:06,500
1407
+ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุดูŠู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ุฃูˆ ุจุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุด ู„ู†ูุณู‡ู… ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:29:06,500 --> 00:29:10,100
1411
+ ุจุชุทุฑุฑ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ูŠุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุธุฑูˆู
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:29:10,100 --> 00:29:15,160
1415
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุงุช ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุจุงุก ู‡ุฐุง ุฎู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:29:15,160 --> 00:29:19,900
1419
+ ุนู„ุงุชู‚ู‡ู… ุดู‡ุฏุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:29:19,900 --> 00:29:24,880
1423
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู„ูˆู‚ุช ุทูˆูŠู„ ูŠุณู…ุญูˆุง ู„ูƒุฑุงูƒุณ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุชุตุจุญ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:29:24,880 --> 00:29:30,940
1427
+ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑุฉ ูˆุชุชูุฑุฌ ุจุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆู†ุณ ุจุจุนุถ ู…ุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุฉ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:29:30,940 --> 00:29:37,640
1431
+ ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุญุตู„ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุจุณูŠุท ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:29:37,640 --> 00:29:44,600
1435
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุญุฑูƒ ุฃูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุฃูˆ ูŠุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:29:44,600 --> 00:29:49,970
1439
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉุทูŠุจ ูƒูŠู ู†ุนู…ู„ reduce ู„ู„ wet pairing ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:29:49,970 --> 00:29:54,930
1443
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ู†ูˆู‚ูุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ู„ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:29:54,930 --> 00:29:59,290
1447
+ ุงู„ุดูˆุฒ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูŠุญุฉ ูˆุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ู…ุงู†ุฏูˆุฑุด ุนู„ู‰
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:29:59,290 --> 00:30:03,770
1451
+ ุงู„ู…ุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุดูˆุฒ ู„ุฃ ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุดูˆุฒ ุชูƒูˆู†
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:30:03,770 --> 00:30:08,690
1455
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุฑูŠุญุฉ ูˆูˆุงุณุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆุงู„ุจ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:30:08,690 --> 00:30:12,970
1459
+ ุงู„ุจูˆุฒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ู…ุด ุงู„ุจูˆุฒ ุงู„ุฑู‚ูŠุน ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู„ุจุณ
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:30:12,970 --> 00:30:16,520
1463
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุฏุงุช ููŠู‡ุงุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:30:16,520 --> 00:30:19,900
1467
+ Stabilization ูˆ Support ู„ู„ู€ Infants
1468
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/QqGJeC8FgwI_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
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@@ -0,0 +1,1472 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:02,520 --> 00:00:07,880
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุฏู„ูˆู‚ุช ุทู„ุจุชู†ุง ุงู„ุนุฏุงุก
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:07,880 --> 00:00:12,300
7
+ ู…ุฎุงุฏุฑุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ู…ุณุงูุฑ ุงู„ู€ biomechanics
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:12,300 --> 00:00:16,020
11
+ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุจุงู„ู…ุฎุงุฏุฑ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุนู† biomechanics of bone ูˆ
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:16,020 --> 00:00:19,680
15
+ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€ biomechanics of bone fracture
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:19,680 --> 00:00:24,240
19
+ ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ possible fracture patterns due to
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:24,240 --> 00:00:29,650
23
+ various loadingู‡ูŠ ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ fractureุŸ fracture is
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:29,650 --> 00:00:34,790
27
+ a breaking of bone ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุงู„ fracture when the risk
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:34,790 --> 00:00:39,950
31
+ is high when the stress exceeded the maximum load
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:39,950 --> 00:00:43,530
35
+ being delivered of the bone ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุฐุง ุงุญู†ุง
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:43,530 --> 00:00:48,250
39
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ูƒู„ ุนุทู…ุฉ ู„ู‡ุง ุฎุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชู‡ู…ุณ ูˆู‚ุฏุฑ ุชู†ุตูŠุจ forces
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:48,250 --> 00:00:52,490
43
+ ุงูˆ compressive forces ุงูˆ loads ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุนุฑุถู„ู‡ุง
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:52,490 --> 00:00:57,600
47
+ ุงู„ bone ูุทุจุนุง ุงุฐุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ูƒูˆุงู„ุถุฑุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ stress
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:57,600 --> 00:01:02,680
51
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ bone ูˆ ุฒุงุฏุช ุนู† ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู…ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุชุญู…ู„
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:02,680 --> 00:01:06,260
55
+ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ diffraction ุทุจุนุง ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:06,260 --> 00:01:11,240
59
+ diffractionุŸ ู„ูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ diffractionุŸ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุทุจุนุง
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:11,240 --> 00:01:15,200
63
+ factors ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุงูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจู†ุชุนุฑุถ ุงู†ู‡ ุจู†ุญุณ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:15,200 --> 00:01:18,400
67
+ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุถุฑุจุฉ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุนู„ูŠู†ุง ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุจู†ุดุฏ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:18,400 --> 00:01:23,340
71
+ ุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ุจู†ุดุฏ ุนุถู„ุงุชู†ุง ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ุนุถุงู… ู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ุง
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:23,340 --> 00:01:30,400
75
+ ุชุชูƒุณุฑุดุทุจุนุงู‹ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง shock absorbers ุฒูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:30,400 --> 00:01:34,920
79
+ ุงู„ู€ Intervertebral disk ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:34,920 --> 00:01:41,080
83
+ H2 vertebra ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฃูˆ
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:41,080 --> 00:01:43,940
87
+ ุงู„ fracture ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ energy absorbed ู…ู† ุงู„ูƒูุงุณุฉ ููŠ
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:43,940 --> 00:01:46,940
91
+ ู‚ุทุฉ ุณุฑุน ู…ู† ุงู„ tissue ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:46,940 --> 00:01:50,520
95
+ fracture ู‚ุฏุงุด ููŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† shock absorption ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:50,520 --> 00:01:55,080
99
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ elements ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ุนู„ู‰
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:55,080 --> 00:01:58,300
103
+ ุงู„ู€ state of muscle activity ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงุญู†ุง ุจุชุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:58,300 --> 00:02:01,920
107
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ุดุฏูŠู†ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† risk of fracture
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:01,920 --> 00:02:08,680
111
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ position of the part at time ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจุญุฏุฏ ูƒูŠู
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:08,680 --> 00:02:12,840
115
+ ุงู„ูˆุถุน ูƒูŠู ุชุชู„ู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุนุถู…ุฉ ุงู„ุฏุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ site of impact
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:12,840 --> 00:02:18,600
119
+ ูˆูŠู† ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุงุชุฌุช ุงู„ุทูŠุจุฉ ู†ุดูˆู fracture due to
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:18,600 --> 00:02:22,000
123
+ tension ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุดุฏ ุตุงุฑุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุถู…ุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:22,000 --> 00:02:26,970
127
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู†ุงุฏุฑุฉููŠ ุงู„ู€ long bone ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:26,970 --> 00:02:30,770
131
+ long bone ู…ุด ุณู‡ู„ ุงู† ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุดุชุบู„ู‡ ูุงู„ู€ failure
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:30,770 --> 00:02:34,870
135
+ mechanism for bone loaded in tension is mainly a
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:34,870 --> 00:02:41,450
139
+ transverse crack ูƒู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:41,450 --> 00:02:49,410
143
+ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ transverse ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ tensile
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:49,410 --> 00:02:54,890
147
+ forcesู…ุด ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู‡ู„ ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ long
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:54,890 --> 00:03:00,510
151
+ bone diaphysis is uncommon ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† associated
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:03:00,510 --> 00:03:04,890
155
+ with avulsion ุงูŠุด ูƒู„ู…ุฉ avulsion ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุงุŸ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ุง ู‚ู„ุน
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:04,890 --> 00:03:12,270
159
+ ู‚ู„ุน avulsion ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ู„ุน ุงูˆ fossil ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจู†ุฎู„ุน ุงู„ู†ุจุชุฉ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:12,270 --> 00:03:16,370
163
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุงุฎุฏุฉ ู…ุนุงู‡ุง ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุทูŠู†ุฉ ุตุญุŸ ูŠุจู‚ู‰
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:16,370 --> 00:03:20,160
167
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ุชุตูŠุฑู‡ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ู‚ู„ู‚ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:20,160 --> 00:03:25,340
171
+ ุชู†ุฏู† ุนุงู…ู„ ุดุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุถู…ุฉ ูˆ ุณุญุจู‡ุง ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:25,340 --> 00:03:29,820
175
+ associated with a bulging fracture ููŠ ุงู„ูƒุงู† ุณูŠู„ุงุณ
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:29,820 --> 00:03:35,060
179
+ bone at the metaphyseal ุงุฎุฑ ุงู„ fracture ุจุทู† ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:35,060 --> 00:03:37,920
183
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† transverse because of maximum
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:37,920 --> 00:03:42,200
187
+ tensilistis generated at the transverse implant ุฒูŠ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:42,200 --> 00:03:46,820
191
+ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ุงุญู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ long bone ุจุดูˆู
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:47,140 --> 00:03:50,960
195
+ ุฏุฑุณู†ุงู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูุงุชุช ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุจู†ุฃูƒุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:50,960 --> 00:03:55,500
199
+ ู†ุดูˆู ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ุง two epiphysis ูˆููŠู‡ุง two epiphysis
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:55,500 --> 00:04:03,240
203
+ ูˆููŠู‡ long bone ูˆููŠู‡ุง ู…ุฏู„ุฉ ุงู„ู€ cavity ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:03,240 --> 00:04:08,200
207
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ุงุจููŠุฒูŠุง ู„ู„ุจู„ุงุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ู‰ ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ู‡ ุชุทูˆู„
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:08,200 --> 00:04:11,340
211
+ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡ ุงู„ุนุธุงู…
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:14,150 --> 00:04:18,950
215
+ ุฃุญู†ุง ูˆูŠู† ุจุชุดูˆู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ tensile fracture
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:18,950 --> 00:04:21,230
219
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ tensile loading ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:21,230 --> 00:04:25,090
223
+ councilor's bone ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅุฐุง ุจู†ุดูˆู ู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:25,090 --> 00:04:28,670
227
+ ู†ุงุณ ููŠ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… fracture ููŠ ุงู„ู€ base of
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:28,670 --> 00:04:33,290
231
+ the hip metatarsal bone ููŠ ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู€ lateral
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:33,290 --> 00:04:36,850
235
+ part of the foot adjacent to the attachment of the
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:36,850 --> 00:04:41,750
239
+ pironeus longus pironeus bracte sorryุงู„ุฎุทุฑ ู‡ุฐุง
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:41,750 --> 00:04:46,050
243
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจูŠู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุถุฑุจุฉ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:46,050 --> 00:04:51,710
247
+ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ู…ู…ูƒู† ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง contraction ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:51,710 --> 00:04:57,310
251
+ triceps ุฃูˆ ุงู„ cuff muscle ูุชุฑูˆุญ ุชุฎู„ุน ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:57,310 --> 00:05:02,470
255
+ ุฎู„ุน ุงู„ water ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูˆุชูŠู†ุฏูˆ ุฃูƒูŠู„ุงุณ ูˆ ุชุฑูˆุญ ุจูŠู‚ุนุฏ ู…ุนุงู‡
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:02,470 --> 00:05:07,830
259
+ ุฌุฒุก ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนุถู…ุฉ ุงู„calcanus ู…ู† ุงู„ุฎู„ู‚ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:07,830 --> 00:05:10,550
263
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุนุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ุจุชู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† attachments
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:10,550 --> 00:05:14,830
267
+ ู„ู„ู€ Quadriceps ุชู†ุฏู„ ุฃูˆ ุชู†ุฏู„ุช ููŠ ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:14,830 --> 00:05:18,230
271
+ ู‡ูˆ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ุจุชู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† contraction ุฃูˆ forceful
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:18,230 --> 00:05:21,070
275
+ contraction ู„ู„ู€ Quadriceps ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:21,070 --> 00:05:26,610
279
+ ู„ู„ู„ุงุนุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุฎู„ุน ูƒู…ุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ avulsion ุงู„
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:26,610 --> 00:05:30,330
283
+ fracture ู„ู„ุจุชู„ุฉ ุทุจุนู‹ุง side of fracture
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:40,670 --> 00:05:48,990
287
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ูˆ ู‡ูŠุฏ ุงู„ attachment ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:48,990 --> 00:05:54,250
291
+ ุจูŠู†ุฎู„ู‚ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง object ุงูˆ man ุงู„ fracture occurs
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:54,250 --> 00:05:58,390
295
+ along these oblique angles ูˆ ุงู„chair stresses are
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:58,390 --> 00:06:02,390
299
+ the greatestุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ fractures produced by
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:06:02,390 --> 00:06:04,950
303
+ compressive regions are usually found in the
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:06:04,950 --> 00:06:09,190
307
+ vertebra ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุญู†ุง ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:09,190 --> 00:06:12,390
311
+ vertebral column ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณู„ุญุฉ ู„ู†ุงุณ ูƒุจุงุฑ ุงู„ุณู†ุฉ ุฃูˆ
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:12,390 --> 00:06:17,090
315
+ ู„ู†ุงุณ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู„ุทุงู†ุงุช ูุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ vertebra
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:17,090 --> 00:06:21,470
319
+ ู†ูุณู‡ุง ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ watching ุฃูˆ ุจุชุจู‚ู‰ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุงูุชุฉ
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:21,470 --> 00:06:25,950
323
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ rarely fracture occur due to pure compression
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:25,950 --> 00:06:31,150
327
+ ุจุงู„ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุด ูƒุชูŠุฑุงู„ุดุงุฑุน ุฃู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฅู†ูƒ ุฑูƒุฒูŠุฉ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:31,150 --> 00:06:34,870
331
+ ุงู„ compression ุฅู„ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑุชุจูŠู† usually there
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:34,870 --> 00:06:38,570
335
+ is a combination of compression with bending or
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:38,570 --> 00:06:41,790
339
+ shear and shearing processes on the other hand
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:41,790 --> 00:06:45,610
343
+ much of compressive forces may be absorbed by
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:45,610 --> 00:06:51,030
347
+ intervening elastic tissue say air ู†ุดูˆู ุฅุญู†ุง ุงู„
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:51,030 --> 00:06:54,210
351
+ intervertebral disc ุฅูŠุด ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:54,210 --> 00:06:57,350
355
+ intervertebral disc ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ shock absorptionุนู†ุฏู…ุง
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:57,350 --> 00:07:01,610
359
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุถุบุท ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ head ุฃูˆ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ head
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:01,610 --> 00:07:04,790
363
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ vertebral colon ุนุฒูŠุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ cervical ูˆ ุงู„ู€
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:04,790 --> 00:07:07,310
367
+ cervical ู‡ูŠุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ petrosic ู…ู„ุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:07,310 --> 00:07:11,190
371
+ intervertebral disc ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ shock absorption ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ุง
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:11,190 --> 00:07:16,130
375
+ ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ intervertebral disc ุงู†ุชุฏ ูุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:16,130 --> 00:07:20,430
379
+ ุจูŠู†ุทุณ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ absorption ู„ู„ุตุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ูˆ ุจุฎูู
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:20,430 --> 00:07:24,940
383
+ ู…ู† ุญุฏุชู‡ุง ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ risk of fracture ุฃู‚ู„ู…ุง ู‡ูŠ
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:24,940 --> 00:07:27,800
387
+ ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ fracture ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงุŸ ุจูŠุญุตู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:27,800 --> 00:07:31,160
391
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง compression wedging fracture ุฃูˆ wedging
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:31,160 --> 00:07:35,580
395
+ fracture ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ุจุฑุชุจุฑุง ุนุงู…ู„ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ูˆุฌู‡ ุฒูŠ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:35,580 --> 00:07:43,940
399
+ ุงู„ู…ุฎุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ ุฒูŠ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณููŠู†ุฉ
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:43,940 --> 00:07:48,060
403
+ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ fracture due to bendingุŒ bending ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชุงู†ูŠ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:48,060 --> 00:07:52,680
407
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุง non axial forces ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง two
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:52,680 --> 00:07:57,760
411
+ non axial forcesุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ุชู†ุณูŠู‚ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ูุณูŠุจุฏุฃ
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:57,760 --> 00:08:15,100
415
+ ุงู„ุชู†ุณูŠู‚ ููŠ ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุญูŠุซ ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฃุถุบุท ู†ูุณู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:15,100 --> 00:08:23,740
419
+ ูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจุงู„ุชู†ุณูŠู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุณุทุญ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:26,040 --> 00:08:29,660
423
+ ูˆุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ุฎุงุฑุฌูŠุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุดุบูˆู„ุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุตูุญุฉ ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠุฉ
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:29,660 --> 00:08:38,340
427
+ ู…ุถุบูˆุทุฉ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ูƒุซุฑ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ tension stress
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:38,340 --> 00:08:41,640
431
+ more destructive than compressive tension ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:41,640 --> 00:08:46,260
435
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจุตูŠุฑ ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ุจุตูŠุฑ ูƒุซุฑ Transverse fracture
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:46,260 --> 00:08:49,580
439
+ ุฃู…ุง ู…ู† ุชุญุช ุจุตูŠุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง small butterfly
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:49,580 --> 00:08:55,200
443
+ fractureููŠ ุงู„ู€ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฏุงุฎู„ูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:55,200 --> 00:08:59,760
447
+ butterfly fly ูุฑุงุดุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ fracture ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุดูƒู„
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:59,760 --> 00:09:04,620
451
+ ูุฑุงุดุฉ ุชุญุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุจุชู†ุฎู„ุน ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงูŠู‡
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:09:04,620 --> 00:09:08,640
455
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุชุทู„ุน ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ this butterfly fracture is found
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:09:08,640 --> 00:09:12,480
459
+ by propagation of two cracks in the two oblique
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:09:12,480 --> 00:09:15,720
463
+ fracture ุจู„ุงู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุตุฑููŠุฉ ุงู„
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:09:15,720 --> 00:09:17,740
467
+ fracture is produced by bending
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:21,600 --> 00:09:26,860
471
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ูˆ ุจูŠู„ุนุจูˆุง ุฑูŠุงุถุฉ ุชุชุฒู„ุฌ ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ุฏู…
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:26,860 --> 00:09:30,760
475
+ ุฌุณู…ู‡ู… ูˆ ุจูŠุถู„ ุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ู… ุชุงู ุชุงู ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ energy
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:30,760 --> 00:09:33,640
479
+ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุจุชู‚ุฏู… ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:47,180 --> 00:09:52,360
483
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ Transverse fracture ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ุฐู‡
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:52,360 --> 00:09:56,200
487
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง tension ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:56,200 --> 00:10:04,060
491
+ compression ุนุงุฏุฉ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:10:04,060 --> 00:10:09,740
495
+ ูˆูŠู† ุจู†ุดูˆู ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู†ูˆุน ู…ู† ุงู„ fractureุŸ ูŠู…ูƒู† ุงุญู†ุง
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:10:09,740 --> 00:10:13,000
499
+ ู…ุงุดูˆูู†ุงุด ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏู†ุง ู„ุฃู† ู…ุงูƒู†ุด ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุฐู„ุฌ ุนู„ู‰
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:10:13,000 --> 00:10:17,510
503
+ ุงู„ุจุงู„ูŠุจ ููŠ ุจู„ุงุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุฐู„ุฌูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:10:17,510 --> 00:10:23,210
507
+ ุจูˆุช ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจุงู„ุชุฒู„ุฌ ุงู„ุจูˆุช ู‡ุฐุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูƒุจู‘ุท ุจุญุฏุงูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:10:23,210 --> 00:10:27,110
511
+ ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠุจูŠุง ุนุดุงู† ูŠุชุซุจุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู†
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:10:27,110 --> 00:10:32,650
515
+ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจูŠุชู‚ุฏู… ููŠ ุฌุณู…ู‡ ูˆุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ู…ุญุฌูˆุฒุฉ ุจุฌูˆุงุช
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:10:32,650 --> 00:10:36,230
519
+ ุงู„ุจูˆุช ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชูŠุจูŠุง ูˆ ุงู„ูุจู„ุงูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:10:36,230 --> 00:10:41,830
523
+ ููŠู‡ fracture ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ top of the butt ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:41,830 --> 00:10:49,950
527
+ bending ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ proximal tibia and an equal
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:49,950 --> 00:10:54,710
531
+ moment produced by the fixed part ู„ุฃู† ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ุชุญุช ุฃูˆ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:54,710 --> 00:11:02,210
535
+ ุงู„ููˆุช ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฌูˆุงู‡ ุงู„ุจุท ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุตูŠุฑ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:11:02,210 --> 00:11:09,310
539
+ ูƒุณุฑ ุนู†ุฏ ุญุฑู ุงู„ุจุท ู…ู† ููˆู‚ ูƒุณุฑ ุงู„ุชุจุน ูˆุงู„ุญุจูˆุจูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:11:09,310 --> 00:11:12,730
543
+ four point pending fracture ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:11:12,730 --> 00:11:18,390
547
+ manipulation ุฎุงุทุฆุฉ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„ friction ู„ุฅู† ุจุนุฏ ู…ุง
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:11:18,390 --> 00:11:22,390
551
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฃูˆ ููŠู‡ surgical affected
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:11:22,390 --> 00:11:26,370
555
+ fracture ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ team ูˆูƒุงู†ุช ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ manipulation
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:11:26,370 --> 00:11:33,390
559
+ ุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ูƒุณุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ ุฃูˆ ูƒุณุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ team ู†ุฑูˆุญ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:11:33,390 --> 00:11:36,650
563
+ ุนู„ู‰ the fracture due to shear ุฃู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:11:36,650 --> 00:11:41,880
567
+ ุฅุฒุงุญุฉู„ุชูˆุตู ุงู„ู€ stress ูˆ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ุน ุนู†ู‡ุง
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:11:41,880 --> 00:11:46,440
571
+ Spondylolisthesis
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:46,440 --> 00:11:51,420
575
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:51,420 --> 00:11:56,520
579
+ ูƒุณุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:56,520 --> 00:11:59,000
583
+ ุงู„ passage joints ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ุนู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:59,000 --> 00:12:05,240
587
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุดุงุก ู„ู„ุจุฑุชุจุฑุฉ ู„ุชุญุช ูุจุณ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ู…
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:12:05,240 --> 00:12:12,380
591
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู†ุฒู„ุงู‚ุจุงู„ูู‚ุฑุงุช ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุดููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:12:12,380 --> 00:12:17,340
595
+ ู†ุธุฑ ุงู„ disk ุฃุฏุงุด ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุถุนูŠู ูˆthin ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุด ุนู†ุฏู‡
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:12:17,340 --> 00:12:23,400
599
+ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู†ุชุตุงุต ุงู„ุตุฏู…ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ fracture ุงู„
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:12:23,400 --> 00:12:29,220
603
+ share loading ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ load is applied parallel to the
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:12:29,220 --> 00:12:32,740
607
+ surface of the structure ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนุฑูู†ุง ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:12:32,740 --> 00:12:37,910
611
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ councilors phoneุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ Fracture
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:12:37,910 --> 00:12:41,990
615
+ of Femur ุงู„ู€ Femoral Concile ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ Tibial Plateau
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:12:41,990 --> 00:12:46,030
619
+ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุง ุจุตูŠุจ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุงู„ู€ Scars ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ุทุจูˆุง
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:12:46,030 --> 00:12:49,930
623
+ ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ูุฒูˆุง ู‚ูุฒุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠู†ุฒู„ูˆุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ุชุชู‚ุฏู… ุงู„ู€ Femur ุนู„ู‰
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:49,930 --> 00:12:54,910
627
+ ุงู„ู€ Tibial Plateau ูู‡ู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:54,910 --> 00:13:01,170
631
+ sliding ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณูŠุท ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ vertebra ุฃุซู†ุชูŠู† ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ู…
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:13:01,170 --> 00:13:04,230
635
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:13:08,720 --> 00:13:14,660
639
+ 5S1 ุงู„ู€ fracture due to torsional load ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชู‚ูˆู„
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:13:14,660 --> 00:13:18,900
643
+ ุงู„ู€ torsion ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุนุตุฑ ู„ุฃู† ููŠู‡ุง twisting ููŠ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:13:18,900 --> 00:13:21,680
647
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ twisting ุงู„ู€ bone is subjected to
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:13:21,680 --> 00:13:24,120
651
+ different types of stress in different directions
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:13:24,120 --> 00:13:26,400
655
+ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง shear ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง compression ูˆ ููŠ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:13:26,400 --> 00:13:29,900
659
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง psychosis ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ shear
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:13:29,900 --> 00:13:34,480
663
+ stresses occur at the axial directionุนู„ู‰ ู…ุณุชูˆู‰
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:13:34,480 --> 00:13:39,180
667
+ ุงู„ุชุนุงููŠ ูˆูƒุงู† ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ู„ูˆ ุฒู…ุณูŠู†ุง ููˆุทุฉ ูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:13:39,180 --> 00:13:44,760
671
+ ุจุนุตุฑ ุชู„ุงุญุธูˆุง ูƒูŠู ุงู„ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฃุฌุฒุงุก
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:13:44,760 --> 00:13:50,100
675
+ ุงู„ููˆุทุฉ ู‡ุฐูŠ ู†ุฌุฑ ู…ู† ุนุตุฑู‡ุง ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ sharing stresses
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:13:50,100 --> 00:13:56,820
679
+ ู…ู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ share stresses ูุงุฑุดุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ central axis
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:13:59,020 --> 00:14:04,060
683
+ ุณูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุดู…ุณ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃุจุนุฏ ุนู† ุงู„ุงุชุตุงู„ ูƒู…ุง
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:14:04,060 --> 00:14:09,400
687
+ ุฑุฃูŠู†ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุทุฉ ุงู„ุญุถุฑุงุก ุงู„ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃูŠุถู‹ุง ุชู†ุณุงูŠู„
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:14:09,400 --> 00:14:17,120
691
+ ูƒู…ุจุฑุณู ูŠุญุฏุซ ููŠ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:14:17,120 --> 00:14:19,300
695
+ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:14:19,300 --> 00:14:21,880
699
+ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:14:21,880 --> 00:14:22,920
703
+ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:14:22,920 --> 00:14:22,920
707
+ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:14:22,920 --> 00:14:25,790
711
+ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนุถู„ุฉ ุนูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:14:25,790 --> 00:14:29,450
715
+ fracture in shape of small crack and then run ุงู„
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:14:29,450 --> 00:14:34,510
719
+ spiral manar ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ spiral manar
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:14:34,510 --> 00:14:40,470
723
+ ู‡ู†ุง ููƒุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฏูˆุฑุงู† ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ ..
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:14:40,470 --> 00:14:51,410
727
+ ุงู„ bone ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ spiral fracture ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:14:51,410 --> 00:14:53,830
731
+ ุงู„ angle ุจุชูƒูˆู† 45
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:14:56,380 --> 00:15:02,420
735
+ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€Skier ู‡ุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€Bot ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุญุงุท
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:15:02,420 --> 00:15:09,180
739
+ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ููŠ ู‚ู„ุจู‡ ูˆู‡ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€Tibia ู…ู† ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒู„
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:15:09,180 --> 00:15:13,740
743
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุชูˆู‚ู ู‡ู†ุง ูˆ ุจูŠุธู„ ู…ุงุดูŠ ู‡ูƒุฐุง ูู‡ุฐู‡
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:15:13,740 --> 00:15:20,710
747
+ ุจุชุซุจุช ุงู„ุญุจุฉ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€Bot ู‡ุงู†ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญูุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุซุงุจุชุฉ
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:15:20,710 --> 00:15:25,110
751
+ ูˆุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู€ Tibia ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:15:25,110 --> 00:15:33,210
755
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูุณุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุญุฌุฒ
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:15:33,210 --> 00:15:39,650
759
+ ุงู„ุฌุฒุก ุงู„ุฃุณูู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Tibia ูˆุจุชุธู„ ู…ุชู‚ุฏู…ุฉ ุงู„ู€ Tibia
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:15:39,650 --> 00:15:43,490
763
+ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุชุฌุงู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:15:52,140 --> 00:15:56,060
767
+ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ shear stresses ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:15:56,060 --> 00:16:00,360
771
+ torsion ูƒูŠู ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุงู† ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ shear
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:16:00,360 --> 00:16:07,900
775
+ stresses ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ normal tensile stresses ุงู„
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:16:07,900 --> 00:16:13,100
779
+ fracture due to a combined load Combined ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:16:13,100 --> 00:16:18,320
783
+ ูƒุฐุง load ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ bending ู…ุน compression
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:16:18,320 --> 00:16:22,640
787
+ loadุจุณุจุจ ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุดู‡ูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉ ุชุณุจุจ
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:16:22,640 --> 00:16:25,140
791
+ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:16:25,140 --> 00:16:30,120
795
+ ุนุงุฏู„ ูƒุณุฑ ุจุถู‡ูˆุฑ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุนุดุงู† ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:16:30,120 --> 00:16:31,400
799
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ูˆุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:16:31,400 --> 00:16:36,040
803
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ ุณุชุณุจุจ ููŠ ุนุถู„ุงุช ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:16:36,040 --> 00:16:36,360
807
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ูƒู…ุจูŠูˆุชุฑ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:16:42,490 --> 00:16:46,530
811
+ ุงู„ุชู†ุณูŠุท ูŠู‚ุถูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจ ุงู„ุชู‚ู„ูŠุฏูŠ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:16:46,530 --> 00:16:50,870
815
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุชู†ุณูŠุท
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:16:50,870 --> 00:16:56,930
819
+ ูุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุง compression ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู† ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ fracture
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:16:56,930 --> 00:17:01,930
823
+ pattern will be as bending fracture ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุณ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:17:01,930 --> 00:17:05,470
827
+ bending transverse fracture ููŠ ุชู†ุณูŠุท ูˆ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:17:05,470 --> 00:17:09,210
831
+ butterfly ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ compressive ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ butterfly
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:17:09,210 --> 00:17:15,530
835
+ more biggerู‡ู„ ุงู„ู€ Butterfly ุฃูƒุจุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:17:15,530 --> 00:17:20,650
839
+ ุจุณุจุจ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ Bending ูˆ ุงู„ู€ CompressionุŸ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:17:20,650 --> 00:17:25,750
843
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุง ุฃุถูู†ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Bending ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:17:25,750 --> 00:17:32,610
847
+ Compression ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ Butterfly
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:17:32,610 --> 00:17:38,790
851
+ case ุจุชุทู„ุน ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ู†ุง ุจุณ Bending
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:17:39,310 --> 00:17:43,710
855
+ ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒูŠู ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ tension ูˆ ุงู„
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:17:43,710 --> 00:17:47,430
859
+ compression ูˆ ุงู„ tension ู…ุน ุงู„ compression ูˆ ูƒูŠู
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:17:47,430 --> 00:17:52,770
863
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง Transverse fracture ูˆ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:17:52,770 --> 00:17:56,750
867
+ ู‡ู†ุง Butterfly
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:17:56,750 --> 00:18:03,610
871
+ ุงู„ combination ุจูŠู† ุงู„ torsion ูˆ ุงู„ bending ูˆ ุงู„
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:18:03,610 --> 00:18:08,080
875
+ compression load ู‡ุฐู‡ุงู„ุญูƒุงูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุจูŠุทู„ุน ุนู†ุฏูŠ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:18:08,080 --> 00:18:12,320
879
+ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง complicated fracture ุฃูˆ compound
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:18:12,320 --> 00:18:17,900
883
+ fracture ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง will cause spiral
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:18:17,900 --> 00:18:21,560
887
+ fracture at the opposite side and also combined
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:18:21,560 --> 00:18:26,120
891
+ with small oblique fracture ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฒูŠ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:18:26,120 --> 00:18:32,580
895
+ ุชูุชุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู… ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† load ุนุงู„ูŠ ุฃุซุฑ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:18:32,580 --> 00:18:37,800
899
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุถู…ุทูŠุจุŒ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุฃุฑูˆุญ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง fractures ุฃูˆ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:18:37,800 --> 00:18:41,580
903
+ fatigue fracture stress or march fracture ู„ูŠุด ุณู…ูˆู‡
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:18:41,580 --> 00:18:46,500
907
+ march fractureุŸ ูƒุงู† ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุตูŠุจ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุนุฏุงุฆูŠู† ูˆ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:18:46,500 --> 00:18:51,280
911
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุงูŠูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฌูŠุดุŒ ู„ุฐุง ุณู…ูˆู‡ march fracture ุทูŠุจุŒ ุงู„
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:18:51,280 --> 00:18:54,640
915
+ phenomenon of fatigue fracture ู„ุฏู‰ ุฅุญู†ุงุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:18:54,640 --> 00:18:58,140
919
+ ุจู†ุถุฑุจ ู…ุซู„ู‹ุง ู‚ุจู„ ู…ุง ู†ุจุฏุฃ ู‡ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ูŠุด ููŠ ุฃุญูŠุงู†
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:18:58,140 --> 00:19:02,420
923
+ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุชูˆู‚ุน ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชู†ุชุณุฑุดุŒ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ ุจุชู†ุชุณุฑุดุŒ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:19:02,420 --> 00:19:07,590
927
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู„ุชุฉูุชู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ุง ุชุชูุชุช ุชุชูุชุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุทู„ุงุจ
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:19:07,590 --> 00:19:11,410
931
+ ูƒู†ุง ุทุงู„ุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุฏุฑุณู‡ู… ูƒุงู† ูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆุง ูŠุง ู†ุณ ุฃู†ุง ุฌูˆุงู„ูŠ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:19:11,410 --> 00:19:15,330
935
+ ูˆู‚ุน ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑ ุงู„ุชุงู„ุช ูˆู…ุง ุงู†ูƒุณุฑุด ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆู‚ุน ุนู†
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:19:15,330 --> 00:19:20,970
939
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ูุงู†ูƒุณุฑ ุทุจ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู…ุด ุจูŠูุณุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃูˆู„
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:19:20,970 --> 00:19:28,230
943
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูˆู‚ุน ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุณู‡ ุงู„ molecules ูˆ ุงู„ stress
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:19:28,230 --> 00:19:34,220
947
+ inside ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎููŠู ูููŠู‡ ุชุญู…ู„ ูƒุงู†ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุฏุฑุจุฉ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:19:34,220 --> 00:19:38,360
951
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู„ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูƒ microns ููŠ ุดุบู„ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:19:38,360 --> 00:19:42,780
955
+ micro cracks ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุดุงุดุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุชุจุน
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:19:42,780 --> 00:19:48,500
959
+ ุงู„ุฏุฑุฌูˆุงุช ูุงู„ุฏุฑุจุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุงุชุญู…ู„ุช ุงู„ุฏุฑุจุฉ ูˆ ูˆู‚ุน ุฃูˆ
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:19:48,500 --> 00:19:52,060
963
+ ุงู†ุชุณุฑ ุฃูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ damage ุงู„ fracture ููŠ ุงู„ bone
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:19:52,060 --> 00:19:55,850
967
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุฃูˆู„ ุฏุฑุจุฉ ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:19:55,850 --> 00:19:59,090
971
+ ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ุจุชุชุญู…ุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุจุชูˆุฌุนู†ุง ุฑุฌู„ู†ุง ู…ุงุจุนู„ูŠ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:19:59,090 --> 00:20:03,130
975
+ ู‡ุชุฏู„ุด ู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจู‡ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฏุฑุจุฉ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ุจุชูˆุฌุนู†ุง
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:20:03,130 --> 00:20:06,350
979
+ ูŠูˆู… ูŠูˆู…ูŠู† ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุฑูˆุญ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุชู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:20:06,350 --> 00:20:10,810
983
+ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ู…ุชุณุฑุท ูˆ ูŠุฏูˆุจ ูˆ ูŠูˆู‚ุน ุนู† ุทุฑู ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ุฑุงุณูŠ ู„ูŠุดุŸ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:20:10,810 --> 00:20:14,210
987
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงู‚ุตุฑุด ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€normal remodeling ุฃูˆ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:20:14,210 --> 00:20:18,150
991
+ ุงู„ู€healing ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃุฎุฏ ุฏุฑุจุงุช ู…ุชุชุงู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุฑุง ุจุนุถู‡ู… ู‡ุฐู‡
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:20:18,150 --> 00:20:21,410
995
+ ุจุชุณูŠุท ู…ุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ูˆุง ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ูˆู‚ููˆุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:20:22,320 --> 00:20:26,860
999
+ ูˆุชุนุฑุถูˆุง ู„ุถุฑุจุงุช ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุชุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€ Fatigue is a process
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:20:26,860 --> 00:20:34,100
1003
+ of pair and growth of cracks in a structure
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:20:34,100 --> 00:20:38,420
1007
+ subjected to repetitive load cycles ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:20:38,420 --> 00:20:45,440
1011
+ ุจุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ุถุฑุจุงุช ุงู„ู€ Cracks developed within and
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:20:45,440 --> 00:20:50,030
1015
+ between the osteon in an empty boneุŒ ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุŸู‡ูŠ
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:20:50,030 --> 00:20:56,790
1019
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ not excessive ู„ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุนู…ู„ู‘ูŠ ูƒุซุฑ ู„ูƒู†
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:20:56,790 --> 00:21:04,250
1023
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ remodeling ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:21:04,250 --> 00:21:08,590
1027
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ุชุฑุจุงุช ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู†ุชุตุงุต
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:21:08,590 --> 00:21:12,510
1031
+ ู„ู„ู…ุชุงุฑูŠุง around ุงู„ micro-graphs and new bone
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:21:12,510 --> 00:21:18,110
1035
+ deposition ุชุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนุถู… ุฌุฏูŠุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฑุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:21:18,550 --> 00:21:23,730
1039
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุนุธู… ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฅูŠุฏูŠ ุจู†ุงุก ู†ูุณู‡ If
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:21:23,730 --> 00:21:27,790
1043
+ the damage is excessive, the normal remodeling
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:21:27,790 --> 00:21:31,910
1047
+ process can't keep up with the repair and fracture
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:21:43,880 --> 00:21:47,100
1051
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ fracture ู…ู† ุถุฑุจุฉ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:21:47,100 --> 00:21:49,700
1055
+ ู…ุด ุถุฑุจุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุถุฑุจุชู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุบุถุจ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:21:49,700 --> 00:21:54,260
1059
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ุถุนูŠู ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุถุฑุจ ู†ูƒุณุฑ ุญุงุฌุฉ
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:21:54,260 --> 00:21:57,840
1063
+ ูู†ุถุฑุจ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุฑุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠ ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู„ุช ู…ุฑุฉ ุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ุงูŠุด
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:21:57,840 --> 00:22:00,860
1067
+ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงู…ู„ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ุฎู„ุฎู„ู†ุง
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:22:00,860 --> 00:22:06,760
1071
+ ุงู„ุฑุฒูŠู‚ุงุช ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุนุดุงู† ู†ุณู‡ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูƒุชุจู‡ุง As the
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:22:06,760 --> 00:22:10,420
1075
+ number of cyclic blood increases the ability of
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:22:10,420 --> 00:22:11,220
1079
+ the bone
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:22:24,680 --> 00:22:31,420
1083
+ ุชุชุฌู…ุน ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:22:31,420 --> 00:22:36,700
1087
+ microns
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:22:36,700 --> 00:22:42,340
1091
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุฎูŠุฑุงู„ุฎุทุฃ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ุชุฒุฏุงุฏ ูƒุชุงุณุชุฑุงููŠูƒุงู„ูŠ
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:22:42,340 --> 00:22:47,560
1095
+ ูˆูŠุณุจุจ ููŠู‡ ูุฑู‚ุดุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ูู†ูˆู…ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ Fatigue Fracture
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:22:47,560 --> 00:23:01,540
1099
+ ูƒู…ุง ู†ุฑู‰ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:23:01,540 --> 00:23:08,270
1103
+ ุชุตุจุญ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ Binding ู„ูƒู† ู„ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุกู‡ู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑุด
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:23:08,270 --> 00:23:17,350
1107
+ ุฅุดูŠ ุฎู„ ุฎู„ุช ู„ูƒู† ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉ ุจุชุจุฏุฃ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:23:17,350 --> 00:23:23,870
1111
+ ุชุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ .. ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ fracture ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:23:23,870 --> 00:23:29,630
1115
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ modeling ู…ุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ูˆุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุจูƒูˆูŠุณุฉ ุฃู…ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุนุฏ
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:23:29,630 --> 00:23:34,950
1119
+ ุฐู„ูƒ ู…ุงุจุชู‚ุฏุฑุด ุชุชุญู…ู„ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู„ุณู‡ ู…ุงู„ุญุช ู‡ู†ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:23:34,950 --> 00:23:42,890
1123
+ healingู…ุธุจูˆุท ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ failure ูˆ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:23:42,890 --> 00:23:49,390
1127
+ ู…ุง ุจุชู„ู‚ู… ุงู„ู‰ ุฑุฌุนุฉ ุงู†ูƒุณุฑุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงุดูŠ ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:23:49,390 --> 00:23:56,010
1131
+ ุงูƒุชุฑ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ stress fracture of the foot ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:23:56,010 --> 00:24:00,890
1135
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ุจูŠู‚ุงุจู„ูˆู†ุง ุจูŠุณุฃู„ูˆู†ุง ู„ูŠุด ููŠ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:24:00,890 --> 00:24:04,500
1139
+ ุงู†ุง ู…ู† ุงุฎุฑ ุถุฑุจุฉ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู…ุง ุงู†ุง ุนุงุฑู ู…ู† ุงูŠู‡ูˆู„ุงู‚ูŠุช
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:24:04,500 --> 00:24:08,280
1143
+ ุฑุฌู„ูŠ ู…ู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุชู„ูˆุฌุงู†ูŠ ูู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ stress
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:24:08,280 --> 00:24:12,660
1147
+ fracture ููŠ ุงู„ูุชุญ metatarsal ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุด ูˆู„ุง
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:24:12,660 --> 00:24:19,960
1151
+ ุฅุดูŠ ุฅู„ุง ุจุณ ุจุฏู‡ ุชู„ุฌ ูˆุนุงุฏุฉ ูˆุฑุงุญุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุจ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:24:19,960 --> 00:24:25,480
1155
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ soldiers ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุจุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ูˆู‚ูˆู
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:24:25,480 --> 00:24:30,340
1159
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ runners ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุชุธู„ูˆุง ู…ูŠุฌุฑูˆุง ุจุชุฎุจุทูˆุง ููŠ ุทุฑู
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:24:30,340 --> 00:24:32,280
1163
+ ุงู„ุฑุตูŠูุฉ ู…ุคู„ู… ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:24:41,380 --> 00:24:49,360
1167
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุดูƒู„ ุขุฎุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุดูƒุงู„ ุงู„ู€ stress fracture ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:24:49,360 --> 00:24:56,720
1171
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูŠุฏุงุฏุงุฑุณุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฏุง ู‡ู†ุง ูˆู‡ุฐุง
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:24:56,720 --> 00:25:00,860
1175
+ ุจุงู„ู…ู†ุงุณุจุฉ PDM ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูˆุงู„ุฑุงุญุฉ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:25:03,050 --> 00:25:07,150
1179
+ The larger the stress, the faster will be the
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:25:07,150 --> 00:25:11,410
1183
+ fracture ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง shorter fatigue life ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:25:11,410 --> 00:25:16,230
1187
+ ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ stress ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ูƒุณุฑ ุฃุณุฑุน ูˆูƒู„ ู…ุง
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:25:16,230 --> 00:25:21,830
1191
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ stress ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุชุฃุฌู„ ุงู„ูุณุฑ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูˆู…ุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู†ู‡
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:25:21,830 --> 00:25:24,390
1195
+ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุฏุฑุจุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:25:24,390 --> 00:25:29,150
1199
+ ุชู†ูƒุณุฑ ุฑุฌู„ู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ fatigue life means
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:25:33,310 --> 00:25:38,030
1203
+ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุญุฏุซ ุฎุทุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆู‚ุชุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุถู„ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุดุฎุต
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:25:38,030 --> 00:25:42,590
1207
+ ูˆุจุนุฏูŠู† ูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุฎุทุฃ ูˆูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ุถุบุท ูˆูŠุญุตู„ ููŠู‡ ูƒุณุฑ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:25:42,590 --> 00:25:45,930
1211
+ The slower the fracture the longer will be the
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:25:45,930 --> 00:25:49,130
1215
+ fatigue life and the faster the fracture the
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:25:49,130 --> 00:25:54,290
1219
+ shorter will be the fatigue life ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:25:54,290 --> 00:25:58,710
1223
+ ุณุฑุนุฉ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู„ุงู‚ูŠู†ุง fracture ุตุงุฑุช ุฃุณุฑุน ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:25:58,710 --> 00:26:04,840
1227
+ fatigue life ุฃู‚ู„ุทุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€ causes of fatigue
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:26:04,840 --> 00:26:09,700
1231
+ and fractureุŸ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ูุณุฑู†ุงู‡ ู‚ุจู„ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:26:09,700 --> 00:26:13,460
1235
+ fatigue of the muscles which act to reduce that
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:26:13,460 --> 00:26:17,080
1239
+ inside stresses on the bone. So if stresses
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:26:17,080 --> 00:26:20,640
1243
+ increase on certain area of the bone unfairly or
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:26:20,640 --> 00:26:25,920
1247
+ not ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฅู† ุงู„ุฅุถุงู… ุจุญุงุทุฉ ุจุงู„ุนุฏู„ุงุช
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:26:25,920 --> 00:26:29,920
1251
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุตุญ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุญู‚ ู„ู€ movement ู„ูƒู† ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ู‡ุง
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:26:29,920 --> 00:26:34,310
1255
+ ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉุฅู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุญู…ูŠ ุชุนู…ู„ Covering ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู€ bone
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:26:34,310 --> 00:26:38,750
1259
+ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† Layers ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู€ bone ุจุชุญู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:26:38,750 --> 00:26:44,430
1263
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุฃุณูุฉ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุฑู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:26:44,430 --> 00:26:49,210
1267
+ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ู…ุฑู‡ู‚ุฉ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ู„ูŠุณ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู„ูŠุณ
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:26:49,210 --> 00:26:55,810
1271
+ ููŠู‡ุง tool ุชุญู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู€ bone ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ left traction
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:26:55,810 --> 00:27:02,970
1275
+ ุฃูˆู„ accumulation of the bone mightุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:27:02,970 --> 00:27:07,690
1279
+ ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ ossification ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ repair ูˆ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:27:07,690 --> 00:27:12,050
1283
+ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:27:12,050 --> 00:27:13,350
1287
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ ossification ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:27:13,350 --> 00:27:17,210
1291
+ repair ูˆ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุชุญูˆู„
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:27:17,210 --> 00:27:18,230
1295
+ ู„ู€ ossification ูˆremodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:27:18,230 --> 00:27:19,030
1299
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:27:19,030 --> 00:27:19,170
1303
+ ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:27:19,170 --> 00:27:19,370
1307
+ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:27:19,370 --> 00:27:20,350
1311
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:27:20,350 --> 00:27:20,650
1315
+ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:27:20,650 --> 00:27:24,770
1319
+ remodeling ุนุงุฏุฉู‹
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:27:24,770 --> 00:27:27,290
1323
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู‚ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ ossification ูˆ remodeling
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:27:27,290 --> 00:27:30,010
1327
+ ุนุงุฏุฉู‹ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู„ุญู…ุนู†ู‰ ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุถุฑุจุฉ ู„ูƒู†
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:27:30,010 --> 00:27:35,490
1331
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุถุฑุจุฉ ุฃุณุงุณุง ู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชูƒุณุฑ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:27:35,490 --> 00:27:40,250
1335
+ ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชุชุฌู…ุน ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ ูˆ ุจุชุนู…ู„ damage ู„ุญุฏ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:27:40,250 --> 00:27:45,150
1339
+ ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ failure ุชุตูŠุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ุนุถู„ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ ุฃูŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:27:45,150 --> 00:27:49,750
1343
+ ุงู„ุชุญู…ู„ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุขุฎุฑ ู†ู‚ุทุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ decrease
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:27:49,750 --> 00:27:54,450
1347
+ intermolecular resistance of the bone ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุจุชุถุนู
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:27:54,450 --> 00:27:58,800
1351
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ osteoporosis ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉู„ุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุฃ
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:27:58,800 --> 00:28:03,720
1355
+ ูู…ู†ูŠุฑุงู„ุฒ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู„ู„ุณุชุฑุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:28:03,720 --> 00:28:08,940
1359
+ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃุถุงู‚ู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุถุนู ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุฃุณุงุณ ุฃู†ู‡
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:28:08,940 --> 00:28:13,160
1363
+ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง head fracture ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ fractures ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆ
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:28:13,160 --> 00:28:17,100
1367
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ fracture common ููŠ ุงู„ metatarsals ุฃูˆ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:28:17,100 --> 00:28:22,840
1371
+ military risk weak roots ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:28:22,840 --> 00:28:27,640
1375
+ ุงู„ military ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฌูŠุดูู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุจูŠุฌุฑูˆุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:28:27,640 --> 00:28:31,320
1379
+ ุจูŠู‚ูˆู„ูˆู„ู‡ู… ุงู„ุชุจุฑุงุฏุฌุงู„ูŠ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆุจูŠุชุนุจูˆุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูˆู…ููŠุด
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:28:31,320 --> 00:28:34,700
1383
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃูˆู‚ุงุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู„ู„ุฑุงุญุฉ ูˆุจุชูƒุฑุฑ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:28:34,700 --> 00:28:38,880
1387
+ ุจุงุณุชู…ุฑุงุฑ ูุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ metatarsal fracture
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:28:38,880 --> 00:28:42,500
1391
+ ุงู„athletes ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ marching long distance ุฃูˆ ุงู„
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:28:42,500 --> 00:28:49,140
1395
+ running ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุดูŠ ู„ู…ุณุงูุงุช ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ู…ุณุงุจู‚ุงุช
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:28:49,140 --> 00:28:54,240
1399
+ ู…ุงุดูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุนุฏุงุฆูŠู† ูƒู…ุงู† ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู… ูƒุชูŠุฑุจูŠุชุฎุจุทูˆุง ูˆ ุงู„
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:28:54,240 --> 00:28:58,200
1403
+ nurses ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… the fracture of the fifth meter
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:28:58,200 --> 00:29:01,940
1407
+ tarsal ู„ุฃู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ nurses ุจุชุชุนุฑุถูˆุง ู„ู„ูˆู‚ูˆู ู„ูุชุฑุงุช
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:29:01,940 --> 00:29:06,500
1411
+ ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ูˆ ุจูŠุดูŠู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุฏู‚ูŠู‚ ุฃูˆ ุจุงู†ุชุจู‡ูˆุด ู„ู†ูุณู‡ู… ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:29:06,500 --> 00:29:10,100
1415
+ ุจุชุทุฑุฑ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ูŠุงุช ูˆ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ูŠุนุทูŠู‡ู… ุงู„ุนุงููŠุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ููŠ ุธุฑูˆู
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:29:10,100 --> 00:29:15,160
1419
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุงุช ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ูˆุจุงุก ู‡ุฐุง ุฎู„ูŠู‡ู… ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุนู„ู‰
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:29:15,160 --> 00:29:19,900
1423
+ ุนู„ุงุชู‚ู‡ู… ุดู‡ุฏุช ูƒุชูŠุฑ ูƒุชูŠุฑุนู„ู‰ ุณุจูŠู„ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:29:19,900 --> 00:29:24,880
1427
+ ุงู„ู…ุฏุฑุณูŠู† ู„ูˆู‚ุช ุทูˆูŠู„ ูŠุณู…ุญูˆุง ู„ูƒุฑุงูƒุณ ุตุบูŠุฑุฉ ู„ุชุตุจุญ
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:29:24,880 --> 00:29:30,940
1431
+ ู…ุตุงุฏุฑุฉ ูˆุชุชูุฑุฌ ุจุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูŠูƒุฑูˆู†ุณ ุจุจุนุถ ู…ุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฑุฉ
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:29:30,940 --> 00:29:37,640
1435
+ ูˆุจุนุฏู‡ุง ูŠุญุตู„ ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ุชุนุงู…ู„ ุงู„ุจุณูŠุท ู„ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู†ูˆุน
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:29:37,640 --> 00:29:44,600
1439
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ูุฑู‚ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุญุฑูƒ ุฃูˆ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุชู‚ุณูŠู… ุงู„ูˆุถุน ุฃูˆ ูŠุถุบุท ุนู„ู‰
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:29:44,600 --> 00:29:49,970
1443
+ ุงู„ู…ู†ุทู‚ุฉุทูŠุจ ูƒูŠู ู†ุนู…ู„ reduce ู„ู„ wet pairing ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:29:49,970 --> 00:29:54,930
1447
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ู†ูˆู‚ูุด ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุซุงู†ูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ู„ุจุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:29:54,930 --> 00:29:59,290
1451
+ ุงู„ุดูˆุฒ ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฑูŠุญุฉ ูˆุชูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ู…ุงู†ุฏูˆุฑุด ุนู„ู‰
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:29:59,290 --> 00:30:03,770
1455
+ ุงู„ู…ุธู‡ุฑ ุงู„ุฌู…ุงู„ูŠ ู„ู„ุดูˆุฒ ู„ุฃ ุจุงู„ุนูƒุณ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุดูˆุฒ ุชูƒูˆู†
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:30:03,770 --> 00:30:08,690
1459
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ุฑูŠุญุฉ ูˆูˆุงุณุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃูˆุงู„ุจ ุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:30:08,690 --> 00:30:12,970
1463
+ ุงู„ุจูˆุฒ ุงู„ู…ุฑุจุน ู…ุด ุงู„ุจูˆุฒ ุงู„ุฑู‚ูŠุน ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู„ุจุณ
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:30:12,970 --> 00:30:16,520
1467
+ ุงู„ู…ุดุฏุงุช ููŠู‡ุงุงู„ู†ุงุญูŠุฉ ุฃุญูŠุงู†ู‹ุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:30:16,520 --> 00:30:19,900
1471
+ Stabilization ูˆ Support ู„ู„ู€ Infants
1472
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/Ri56t4hkeWI.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1867 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:00,770 --> 00:00:03,230
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ูˆ ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:03,230 --> 00:00:06,770
7
+ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู„ูŠู† ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุขู„ู‡ ูˆ ุตุญุจู‡ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู†ุŒ ุงุณุชูƒู…ุงู„ุง
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:06,770 --> 00:00:12,850
11
+ ู„ู…ุง ุญุถุฑุชู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู€ bio mechanics of joint ู‡ู†ุฎุตุต
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:12,850 --> 00:00:17,930
15
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู€ bio mechanics of joint
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:17,930 --> 00:00:18,470
19
+ flexibility
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:28,210 --> 00:00:33,410
23
+ Joint flexibility ุฅุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง ุฅู† ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ู…ูุตู„
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:33,410 --> 00:00:40,150
27
+ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุณู…ุญ ุจู€ range of motion ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ range of
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:40,150 --> 00:00:44,030
31
+ motion ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ one plan ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:44,030 --> 00:00:48,850
35
+ flexibility of joint ู…ุซู„ุง ุฒูŠ shoulder joint ู†ุชูƒู„ู…
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:48,850 --> 00:00:53,520
39
+ ุนู† ู‚ุฏุงุด ุจูŠุณู…ุญ ุจุงู„ู€ abduction ู‚ุฏุงุด ุจุณู…ุญ ุจู€ abduction
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:53,520 --> 00:00:59,080
43
+ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุจุณู…ุญ ุจู€ lateral rotation ุฃูˆ media rotation ุฃูˆ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:59,080 --> 00:01:03,040
47
+ flexion ุฃูˆ extension ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ one plan in each plan
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:03,040 --> 00:01:05,860
51
+ ู†ุนุฑู ุฅู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุฅุฐุง ุจู†ุฑุงุฌุน ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:05,860 --> 00:01:10,880
55
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ููŠ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:10,880 --> 00:01:14,480
59
+ one plan ูˆ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุจู€ two plans ูˆ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุจู€ three plans
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:14,480 --> 00:01:19,200
63
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ L ุจู€ one plan ูุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ุญ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:19,200 --> 00:01:23,160
67
+ reflection and extension ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:23,160 --> 00:01:25,940
71
+ flexibility ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† flexibility in
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:25,940 --> 00:01:31,820
75
+ extension ุฃูˆ flexibility of reflection ุทุจุนุง ููŠ
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:31,820 --> 00:01:34,720
79
+ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ flexibility ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ static flexibility
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:34,720 --> 00:01:37,860
83
+ ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ dynamic flexibility ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ static ู…ุนู†ุงู‡
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:37,860 --> 00:01:42,730
87
+ ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุง ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ movement ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:42,730 --> 00:01:46,370
91
+ ุงู„ู€ passive movement ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:46,370 --> 00:01:52,690
95
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุดุฎุต ุขุฎุฑ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:52,690 --> 00:01:56,550
99
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ machines ูŠุจู‚ู‰ static flexibility refers to
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:56,550 --> 00:01:59,810
103
+ the range of motion present when a body segment is
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:59,810 --> 00:02:04,810
107
+ passively moved by an exercise partner or
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:04,810 --> 00:02:08,730
111
+ clinician ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุจู†ุถูŠู ุนู„ูŠู‡ machine ุฃูˆ word ุฃูˆ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:09,920 --> 00:02:13,300
115
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† external force ุฅู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:13,300 --> 00:02:17,440
119
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุดุฎุต ุขุฎุฑ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:17,440 --> 00:02:21,040
123
+ ุณุงู…ูŠู‡ุง static flexibility ุฃูˆ passive flexibility
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:21,610 --> 00:02:25,010
127
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ dynamic flexibility ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ is
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:25,010 --> 00:02:28,850
131
+ done actively ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง interaction ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:28,850 --> 00:02:31,390
135
+ muscleุŒ ุงู„ู€ muscle ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู€
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:31,390 --> 00:02:34,730
139
+ dynamic flexibility refers to the range of motion
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:34,730 --> 00:02:38,450
143
+ that can be achieved by actively moving body
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:38,450 --> 00:02:42,730
147
+ segment ุทุจุนุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ muscle
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:42,730 --> 00:02:46,620
151
+ contraction ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ aesthetic flexibility
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:46,620 --> 00:02:51,940
155
+ considered to be the better indicator of the
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:51,940 --> 00:02:55,940
159
+ relative tightness or laxity of the joint in terms
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:55,940 --> 00:02:59,600
163
+ of implication for the injury potentialุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนุงู†ุง
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:02:59,600 --> 00:03:02,980
167
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† passiveุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:02,980 --> 00:03:07,260
171
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ limitation
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:07,260 --> 00:03:11,200
175
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ contralateral muscles ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ antagonist
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:11,200 --> 00:03:14,480
179
+ muscle ูู‡ุชูˆู‚ู ู„ูƒู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง indicator ุฃูƒุซุฑ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:14,480 --> 00:03:19,300
183
+ ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ tightness ุฃูˆ ููŠู‡ laxity ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ passive
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:19,300 --> 00:03:23,260
187
+ movement ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ static flexibility ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅุญู†ุง
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:23,260 --> 00:03:26,460
191
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ stretching ู„ู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุจ ู…ู†
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:26,460 --> 00:03:31,420
195
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจูŠุฏู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ stretching ู„ู„ู€ biceps ูˆูŠูุฑุฏ ุฅูŠุฏู‡
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:31,420 --> 00:03:35,920
199
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุขุฎุฑ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ limitation ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ pan ู‡ุชุธู‡ุฑ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:35,920 --> 00:03:39,820
203
+ ุงู„ู€ pan ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠูˆู‚ู ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุญุฏ ุซุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูุฑุฏ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:39,820 --> 00:03:43,400
207
+ ุฅูŠุฏู‡ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ู‡ passive extension ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:43,400 --> 00:03:46,320
211
+ range ู‡ุชุจูŠู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุชู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง muscle
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:46,320 --> 00:03:50,020
215
+ tightness ุฃูˆ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุญุชู‰ ูƒู…ุงู† laxity ุฃูˆ ุฅูŠุด
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:50,020 --> 00:03:54,000
219
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุฅู†ู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงู…ู„ limitation
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:03:54,000 --> 00:03:57,760
223
+ ู„ู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ pan ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ูˆู„ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ tightness
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:03:57,760 --> 00:04:01,920
227
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ limitation ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ dynamic stability
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:03,470 --> 00:04:06,990
231
+ must be sufficient not to restrict the range of
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:06,990 --> 00:04:10,870
235
+ motion needed for daily activity or work or sport
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:10,870 --> 00:04:15,550
239
+ activity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€ limitation ู„ุงุฒู…
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:15,550 --> 00:04:19,370
243
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ููˆู‚ ุงู„ู€ daily activity ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:19,370 --> 00:04:21,870
247
+ daily activity ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุด ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ flexibility
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:21,870 --> 00:04:26,410
251
+ enough ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุจูŠุฏู†ุง
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:26,410 --> 00:04:30,030
255
+ ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุจุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ู…ุชุงุญุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจู‚ุชุด ุจู†ุญุณ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:30,030 --> 00:04:32,430
259
+ limitation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ุตูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:32,430 --> 00:04:36,490
263
+ activity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุชู…ุฏู‡ุง ุทุงู„ู…ุง ุงู„ู€ movement ุงู„ู„ูŠ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:36,490 --> 00:04:39,470
267
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ daily activity ุจุชุณู…ุญ ู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุดุชุบู„
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:39,470 --> 00:04:44,410
271
+ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ sport ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู…ุด
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:44,410 --> 00:04:44,810
275
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:49,520 --> 00:04:53,980
279
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ู‚ุต ุนู† ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ู€ range of motion
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:04:59,330 --> 00:05:03,690
283
+ ุงู„ู€ researchers ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจุงุญุซูŠู† ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง these two
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:03,690 --> 00:05:06,710
287
+ components of flexibility are independent of each
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:06,710 --> 00:05:12,410
291
+ other ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ูŠู† ููŠ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ static
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:12,410 --> 00:05:16,570
295
+ flexibility ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ dynamic flexibility ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:16,570 --> 00:05:21,250
299
+ ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ general flexibility compared
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:23,610 --> 00:05:27,390
303
+ ู‡ูŠ joint specific ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:27,390 --> 00:05:30,630
307
+ ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู†ู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ู€ etic ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุง ููŠ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:30,630 --> 00:05:33,890
311
+ class ูˆู†ุงุฎุฏ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจุงุช ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจุงุช
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:33,890 --> 00:05:36,750
315
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… flexibility ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ elbow joint ูˆุจุนุถู‡ู…
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:36,750 --> 00:05:40,650
319
+ ู„ุฃ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ full extension ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุจูŠุนู…ู„
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:40,650 --> 00:05:46,170
323
+ hyper extension ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุจูŠูˆุตู„ุด ุงู„ู€ full extension ู‡ุฐุง
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:46,170 --> 00:05:49,700
327
+ ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง limitation ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ rangesุŸ ููŠ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:05:49,700 --> 00:05:52,540
331
+ ุงู„ู€ range of movement of other joints ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุณ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:05:52,540 --> 00:05:56,800
335
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ flexibility ุฃูˆ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:05:56,800 --> 00:06:01,200
339
+ ู†ู‚ุตุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ flexibility ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุฅู†ู‡
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:01,200 --> 00:06:04,740
343
+ ู‡ูŠ joint specific ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ flexibility
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:04,740 --> 00:06:08,140
347
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ููŠู‡ limitation ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:08,140 --> 00:06:11,440
351
+ ูˆู…ูุงุตู„ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู† ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ู„ุงุญุธ ุฅู† ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:11,800 --> 00:06:15,200
355
+ loss of range ุฃูˆ loss of flexibility ููŠ ุงู„ู€ knee
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:15,200 --> 00:06:17,900
359
+ joint ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู† ุงู„ู€ upper limb ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:17,900 --> 00:06:22,900
363
+ loss of flexibility ู„ูƒู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุฅุญู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:22,900 --> 00:06:26,180
367
+ ุฅู†ู‡ ุชุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ู€ flexibility ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ male and female
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:26,180 --> 00:06:30,920
371
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ children ูˆุงู„ู€ .. ูˆุงู„ู€ others ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:30,920 --> 00:06:35,000
375
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠูŠู† ูˆุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุฃ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถุงุช
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:35,000 --> 00:06:37,980
379
+ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถุงุช ุจุชู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ู€ flexibility ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:06:37,980 --> 00:06:41,500
383
+ muscle bulk ุฃูˆูŠ ูˆุงู„ู€ ligament ุฃูˆูŠ ูุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„ู€
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:06:41,500 --> 00:06:46,570
387
+ flexibility ุฃู‚ู„ู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ููŠ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:06:46,570 --> 00:06:50,650
391
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ููŠ ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู„ูŠุณ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:06:50,650 --> 00:06:55,370
395
+ ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุนู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุชุŒ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:06:55,370 --> 00:06:58,910
399
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ู…ู„ุงู‚ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ู‚ู„ุจู‡ ููŠ hyperlaxity
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:06:58,910 --> 00:07:01,170
403
+ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุจุงู„ุฃุฎุฑ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุชุŒ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ู…ู„ุงู‚ูŠู†
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:01,170 --> 00:07:05,950
407
+ ุฑูŠูƒูŠูˆูุชุงู† ูู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง hyper extension ููŠ ุงู„ู€
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:05,950 --> 00:07:08,910
411
+ knee joint ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ุดุฑุท ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ flexibility
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:08,910 --> 00:07:13,790
415
+ ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุทุจุนุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู€
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:13,790 --> 00:07:17,510
419
+ factors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ flexibility ุงู„ู€ factors
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:17,510 --> 00:07:21,050
423
+ influencing joint flexibility ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:21,050 --> 00:07:24,090
427
+ different factors ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู€ articulation
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:07:24,090 --> 00:07:27,170
431
+ ู†ูุณู‡ shape of the articulating bone surface
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:07:27,170 --> 00:07:31,570
435
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู†
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:07:31,570 --> 00:07:35,830
439
+ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ูุงุชุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅู†ู‡
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:07:35,830 --> 00:07:38,430
443
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ elbow flexion ุงู„ู€ elbow
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:07:38,430 --> 00:07:40,990
447
+ flexion ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ elbow flexion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:07:40,990 --> 00:07:44,010
451
+ muscle bulk ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ู€ biceps ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช bulky ุฃูƒุซุฑ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:07:44,010 --> 00:07:47,110
455
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ limitation ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุทุจุนุง ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:07:47,110 --> 00:07:50,990
459
+ contact surfaces ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู€ extreme range of
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:07:50,990 --> 00:07:54,590
463
+ motion ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงู„ูุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุจู†ุทู„ุจ ู…ู† ุณูŠุฏุฉ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:07:54,590 --> 00:07:58,960
467
+ obese ูˆุนู†ุฏู‡ุง big belly ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุฅุญู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุฑุดูˆูุงู†
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:07:58,960 --> 00:08:01,880
471
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงุนู…ู„ flexion of the hip joint ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:01,880 --> 00:08:06,200
475
+ ุงู„ูุช ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ limitation ู„ู„ู€ hip joint ู„ูƒู†
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:06,200 --> 00:08:09,940
479
+ ุงู„ู€ limitation ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ pericarticular
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:09,940 --> 00:08:14,680
483
+ elements ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€ elbow ู„ู…ุง
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:08:14,680 --> 00:08:17,920
487
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง extreme hyperextension ุทุจุนุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:08:17,920 --> 00:08:21,420
491
+ ุงู„ู‚ู„ู‚ุฑุงู†ูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุญุฏู„ ู…ุด ู‡ุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฅูŠุฏ ุชู‚ู„ุจ ู„ูˆุฑู‚
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:08:21,420 --> 00:08:24,640
495
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุฃูˆ ุชุณุนูŠู†
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:08:24,640 --> 00:08:28,810
499
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ู„ู‚ุฑุงู†ูˆู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† in contact
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:08:28,810 --> 00:08:32,350
503
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ fossa of the humerus ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:08:32,350 --> 00:08:36,010
507
+ restriction ู„ู„ movement ููŠ ุงู„ other direction ุงู„ู„ูŠ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:08:36,010 --> 00:08:41,270
511
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ extension ุทุจุนุง
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:08:41,270 --> 00:08:44,210
515
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุง
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:08:44,210 --> 00:08:47,750
519
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ olecranon ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ olecranon fossa
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:08:47,750 --> 00:08:51,530
523
+ ู…ู‡ู…ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ู„ุจุช ู„ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูƒู†
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:08:51,530 --> 00:08:58,670
527
+ ู…ุด ู‡ุชู‚ู„ุจ ู„ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุฃูƒุจุฑ. ุงู„ muscle or fat on the
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:08:58,670 --> 00:09:02,190
531
+ anterior aspect of the arm ุชุฑู…ูŠ ุงู„ elbow flexion
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:09:02,190 --> 00:09:05,490
535
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดุฑุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ biceps ุทุจุนุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:09:05,490 --> 00:09:10,590
539
+ bulky biceps ุจุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ full ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ elbow
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:09:10,590 --> 00:09:16,170
543
+ flexion. ุทุจุนุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุงุฑุณ ุฑูŠุงุถุงุช ุจุชู‚ูˆู‰
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:09:16,170 --> 00:09:20,310
547
+ ุนุถู„ุงุชู‡ู… ูˆ ุงู„ muscle tone ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุจุฒูŠุฏ ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ู‡ ูˆ ุงู„
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:09:20,310 --> 00:09:24,730
551
+ ... ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุทุฉ ุทุจุนุชู‡ู… ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ูุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ ...
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:09:24,730 --> 00:09:28,770
555
+ ุงู„ range of motion ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:09:28,770 --> 00:09:32,530
559
+ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ ... ุงู„ muscles ุจุชุนู…ู„
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:09:32,530 --> 00:09:36,390
563
+ restriction ู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ movement ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ bulky muscle ุจุชู…ู†ุน
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:09:36,390 --> 00:09:39,430
567
+ ุงู„ complete range of motion ูŠุจู‚ู‰ regular
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:09:39,430 --> 00:09:43,270
571
+ participation in bilateral asymmetrical sport ุฒูŠ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:09:43,270 --> 00:09:46,570
575
+ ุงู„ tennis ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ tennis ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุจุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:09:46,570 --> 00:09:51,840
579
+ ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุนุถู„ุชู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ูˆู‰. ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ have less range
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:09:51,840 --> 00:09:55,240
583
+ of motion for the dominant arm than for the non-
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:09:55,240 --> 00:09:59,040
587
+ dominant arm at the glenohumeral joint shoulderุŒ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:09:59,040 --> 00:10:03,560
591
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ bulky musculatures ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:10:03,560 --> 00:10:06,900
595
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุทุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง. For most
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:10:06,900 --> 00:10:10,080
599
+ individuals, joint flexibility is primarily a
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:10:10,080 --> 00:10:13,780
603
+ function of relative Lagcity ุฃูˆ Extensibility ู„ุง
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:10:13,780 --> 00:10:17,480
607
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุง ุงู„ู€ Collagen ุชุดูŠูˆ ูˆ ุงู„ muscle crossing ุฏู‡
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:10:17,480 --> 00:10:40,200
611
+ ุฌูˆู†
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:10:41,790 --> 00:10:49,160
615
+ ุงู„ู€ flexibility of the joint. ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ tight ligament
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:10:49,160 --> 00:10:52,900
619
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ tight muscle with limited extensibility ู‡ู…
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:10:52,900 --> 00:10:56,960
623
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุทุจุนุง ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุงู„ injury ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:10:56,960 --> 00:11:02,420
627
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ fibers ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุชู…ุฑู†ุช ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูƒู„
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:02,420 --> 00:11:07,000
631
+ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠู‡ุง ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุฎูˆู†ุฉ ุนุดุงู†ูƒูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฏุงูŠู…ุง
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:07,000 --> 00:11:11,100
635
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงูŠ ุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠู…ุงุฑุณ ุฑูŠุงุถุฉ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู†
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:11,100 --> 00:11:17,000
639
+ ุนุงู…ู„ ุชุณุฎูŠู†. ุงู„ุชุณุฎูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:11:17,000 --> 00:11:21,560
643
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ ... ุงู„ ...
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:11:21,560 --> 00:11:24,180
647
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ ligaments ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:11:24,180 --> 00:11:30,100
651
+ ุญุชู‰ ุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ ... ุงู„ injury. ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ ... ู‚ุฏุงุด ููŠู‡
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:11:30,100 --> 00:11:33,080
655
+ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุชู…ุฏุฏ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ ligament ุฅู†ู‡ ุชู…ุฏุฏ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:11:33,080 --> 00:11:37,500
659
+ ูุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ injury ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู†ุณุจุชู‡ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู„ูƒู† ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:11:37,500 --> 00:11:42,780
663
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฅุดูŠ ู‚ุงุจู„ ู„ู„ูƒุณุฑ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุตู„ุจ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:11:42,780 --> 00:11:47,060
667
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุฑูˆู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ risk of
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:11:47,060 --> 00:11:51,340
671
+ injury ุฃู‚ู„. ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ligaments ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:11:51,340 --> 00:11:54,620
675
+ muscle. In one study, researchers showed that a four-
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:11:54,620 --> 00:11:58,240
679
+ week stretching protocol. ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู†
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:11:58,240 --> 00:12:02,000
683
+ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏุฉ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ stretching
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:02,530 --> 00:12:06,510
687
+ resulted in increased joint flexibility. ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:06,510 --> 00:12:09,630
691
+ joint flexibility ูˆ ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ range of motion ูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู†
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:12:09,630 --> 00:12:13,110
695
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุซู‚ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจุงุช ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุงุญุธุชูˆุง
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:12:13,110 --> 00:12:16,970
699
+ ูƒูŠู ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุฃู†ุง ุงุฒูˆุฏ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ flexibility ุชุจุน
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:12:16,970 --> 00:12:20,290
703
+ ุงู„ hamstring ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑูˆุด
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:12:20,290 --> 00:12:24,610
707
+ ุชุจุตู„ูˆุง ุฃุตุงุจุนูƒูˆุง ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† flexion of
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:12:24,610 --> 00:12:28,310
711
+ the trunk. ู„ู… ุชูˆุตู„ุด ุฃุตุงุจุนูƒูˆุง ู„ ุงู„ toes ุจุนุฏ ุชู…ุฑูŠู†
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:12:28,310 --> 00:12:31,900
715
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉ. ูˆููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงู‚ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‚ุฏุฑุชูˆุง
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:12:31,900 --> 00:12:36,360
719
+ ุชูˆุตู„ูˆุง ุฅูŠุฏูƒู… ู…ุด ุจุณ ู„ุชูˆุฒู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ. ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู†ู‡
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:12:36,360 --> 00:12:40,620
723
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุง ููŠุด compliance ู…ู† ุงู„ muscle ุฃูˆ ุงู„
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:12:40,620 --> 00:12:44,040
727
+ muscle ู†ูุณู‡ุง. ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฃูƒุฏ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ ligaments ูˆ ุงู„
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:12:44,040 --> 00:12:48,240
731
+ tendon ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฃุฑุฎู‰ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูุตุงุฑูˆุง ููŠู‡ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:12:48,240 --> 00:12:52,220
735
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ู… stretch ุฃูƒุชุฑ. ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ muscle ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู…ุง
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:12:52,220 --> 00:12:55,940
739
+ ุงุชุฃุซุฑุช ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ ุงู„ extensibility ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:12:55,940 --> 00:12:57,860
743
+ muscle ุงู„ ุจุงู„ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:13:00,530 --> 00:13:06,350
747
+ ุงู„ู€ fibers. ุณุจุนุฉ ุงู„ muscle ู†ูุณู‡ุง. ุทุจุนุง ุฃูŠุด ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:13:06,350 --> 00:13:09,630
751
+ flexibility ููŠ ุงู„ injury ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุญู†ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ูุงู‡ู…ูŠู† ุฅู†ู‡
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:13:09,630 --> 00:13:13,930
755
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ู„ุณู‡ extensibility ุจูŠูƒูˆู† risk of
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:13:13,930 --> 00:13:17,670
759
+ injury ุฃุนู„ู‰. ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ู„ุณู‡ flexibility ุงู„ risk
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:13:17,670 --> 00:13:21,530
763
+ of injury ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุนู„ู‰. ู‡ู†ุง researchers ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ risk
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:13:21,530 --> 00:13:25,070
767
+ of injury is heightened when the joint flexibility
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:13:25,070 --> 00:13:29,480
771
+ is extremely low ุฃูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† Extremely High. Extremely
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:13:29,480 --> 00:13:32,780
775
+ High ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ nociceptors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:13:32,780 --> 00:13:36,440
779
+ proprio-receptors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุถุนูŠูุฉ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:13:36,440 --> 00:13:41,040
783
+ ู…ุง ุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุด ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุญู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูุตู„. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:13:41,040 --> 00:13:43,820
787
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง less of flexibility ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:13:43,820 --> 00:13:47,740
791
+ risk. ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง extreme extensibility ุฃูˆ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:13:47,740 --> 00:13:51,940
795
+ flexibility ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง risk of injury. ู„ูŠุดุŸ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:13:51,940 --> 00:13:57,300
799
+ ู„ุฃู† ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ proprioception
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:13:57,300 --> 00:14:00,660
803
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ligament ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:14:00,660 --> 00:14:04,880
807
+ tendon ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ injury. ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุถุนูŠูุฉ ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:14:04,880 --> 00:14:10,980
811
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุทุฉ ู…ุฑููŠุฉ ูุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ risk of dislocation or
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:14:10,980 --> 00:14:15,340
815
+ injury ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ or significantly imbalance
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:14:15,340 --> 00:14:18,500
819
+ between the dominant ูˆ non-dominant side of the
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:14:18,500 --> 00:14:22,060
823
+ limb. ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง severely limited joint flexibility
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:14:22,060 --> 00:14:28,280
827
+ ุทุจุนุง undesirable ู…ุด ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ risk of
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:14:28,280 --> 00:14:31,840
831
+ injury ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุนู„ู‰. if the collagen ุชุดูŠูˆุฉ ุนู† ุทู…ุณ ุงู„
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:14:31,840 --> 00:14:36,220
835
+ crossing are tied. ุทุจุนุง likelihood of tearing or
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:14:36,220 --> 00:14:39,860
839
+ rupture. ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:14:39,860 --> 00:14:45,400
843
+ ligament ุฃูˆ ุงู„ tendon ูƒุชูŠุฑ tough ูˆ ุฌุงู…ุฏ ูˆ ู…ุง ููŠ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:14:45,400 --> 00:14:49,900
847
+ extensibility ูˆ flexibility enough. ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ rupture
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:14:49,900 --> 00:14:54,800
851
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุฑุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ risk of rupture ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฅุฐุง
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:14:54,800 --> 00:15:00,460
855
+ ุงุชุนุฑุถ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู„ force ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ normal range of
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:15:00,460 --> 00:15:03,880
859
+ motion. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุฒูˆุฏู†ุง range of motion ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:15:03,880 --> 00:15:07,840
863
+ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง tight ligament or tight
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:15:07,840 --> 00:15:12,700
867
+ tendon ูุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ risk of injury ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุฃูƒุชุฑ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:15:12,700 --> 00:15:17,060
871
+ ุฃูˆ ู„ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ ligaments are or tendon ุฃูƒุชุฑ. ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ูƒู„
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:15:17,060 --> 00:15:20,200
875
+ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ู…ุฑูˆู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ risk of
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:15:20,200 --> 00:15:24,960
879
+ injury ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฑูƒูุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„. ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ title came from
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:15:24,960 --> 00:15:27,860
883
+ muscle found to be related to lower extremity
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:15:27,860 --> 00:15:31,640
887
+ injury incidence among males. ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ male ุงุญู†ุง
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:15:31,640 --> 00:15:36,200
891
+ ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ male ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:15:36,200 --> 00:15:38,920
895
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนู† ุฌุณู… ุงู„ female ูˆ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุฃู† ุงู„ female ููŠ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:15:38,920 --> 00:15:42,740
899
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง more flexibility than males ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู„ูŠุดุŸ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:15:42,740 --> 00:15:46,540
903
+ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† lower limb injury ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ lower limb
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:15:46,540 --> 00:15:52,470
907
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ weight bearing but not
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:15:52,470 --> 00:15:56,190
911
+ female colleagues. ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุงุŒ ุฏู‡ ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:15:56,190 --> 00:16:02,230
915
+ ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุงุช ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฅู†ู‡
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:16:02,230 --> 00:16:06,740
919
+ ุงู„ female ุทุจุนุง more flexible ูˆ have less tight
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:16:06,740 --> 00:16:11,220
923
+ joint than ุงู„ ... ุงู„ ... ุงู„ ... males ููŠ ุงู„ lower
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:16:11,220 --> 00:16:14,600
927
+ extremity. ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ risk of injury ุนู†ุฏ males
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:16:14,600 --> 00:16:19,900
931
+ ุฃุนู„ู‰ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุณุจุจ ูˆ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุทุจุนุงุŒ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:16:19,900 --> 00:16:24,340
935
+ ูƒุงู† ู„ู‡ุง ุณุจุจ. ููŠ other study ุนู…ู„ูˆุง comparison ุจูŠู† ุงู„
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:16:24,340 --> 00:16:28,300
939
+ female gymnast ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง high injury
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:16:28,300 --> 00:16:31,480
943
+ category ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู‡ู… ู„ุณู‡ flexible ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:16:31,480 --> 00:16:35,520
947
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… less injury ูƒุงู†ูˆุง more flexible. ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:16:35,520 --> 00:16:39,520
951
+ ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ูˆุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:16:39,520 --> 00:16:43,920
955
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ูŠุนู†ูŠ. Alternatively, and extremely
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:16:43,920 --> 00:16:48,520
959
+ loose or lacks jointsุŒ lacking in stabilityุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:16:48,520 --> 00:16:51,740
963
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง risk of displacementุŒ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:16:51,740 --> 00:16:58,720
967
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ flexibility ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ligament ุฑุงููŠ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:16:58,720 --> 00:17:03,500
971
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ risk of dislocation ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ. ุทุจุนุง ููŠ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:17:03,500 --> 00:17:07,960
975
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุนุฑุถ ุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ุญูˆุงุฏุซ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:17:07,960 --> 00:17:12,320
979
+ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ. ูŠู…ูƒู† ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฑุจู†ุง ุญู…ุงู‡ุง ูˆ ุญูุธู‡ุง ู„ุฅู† ูƒุงู†
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:17:12,320 --> 00:17:16,140
983
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… bulk musculature ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุฌุณู… ู‚ูˆูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:17:16,140 --> 00:17:19,600
987
+ ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู†ุน ุฅู† ุงู„ุญุงุฏุซ ูŠุชุทูˆุฑ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:17:19,600 --> 00:17:23,080
991
+ dislocation. ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ู… ุฅู†
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:17:23,080 --> 00:17:26,660
995
+ ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠูŠู† ุจูŠุนู…ู„ searching exercises ุงุชุนุฑุถูˆุง
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:17:26,660 --> 00:17:29,940
999
+ ุงู„ู†ุตุงุฑู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… dislocation. ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ูƒุงู† ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:17:29,940 --> 00:17:33,420
1003
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุง ููŠุด ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ูุตู„ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:17:33,420 --> 00:17:39,320
1007
+ ligaments ูˆ ุงู„-pericarticular musculatures and
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:17:39,320 --> 00:17:44,270
1011
+ tendon ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ The
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:17:44,270 --> 00:17:47,650
1015
+ desirable amount of joint flexibility largely
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:17:47,650 --> 00:17:50,290
1019
+ dependent on the activity in which the individual
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:17:50,290 --> 00:17:54,270
1023
+ wishes to engage ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ flexibility ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:17:54,270 --> 00:17:58,050
1027
+ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ gymnast ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ dancers ูˆ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:17:58,050 --> 00:18:00,950
1031
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ู€ flexibility ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:18:00,950 --> 00:18:05,490
1035
+ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ู„ุงุนุจ ุงู„ูƒุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู„ุงุนุจ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:18:05,490 --> 00:18:08,450
1039
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุง ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ุงุดุŒ ุฏุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุญุชุงุฌุด ุงู„ู€
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:18:08,450 --> 00:18:11,990
1043
+ flexibility ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ gymnast ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ dancer
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:18:12,570 --> 00:18:16,450
1047
+ ุฃูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุŒ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ู…ุง ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌุด ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู†
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:18:16,450 --> 00:18:20,130
1051
+ ู‡ุฏุงูƒ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ flexibility ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:18:20,130 --> 00:18:23,450
1055
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ dancers ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ gymnast ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:18:23,450 --> 00:18:27,950
1059
+ ุจูŠู„ุนุจูˆุง ุฑูŠุงุถุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู„ุนุจูˆุง ุงู„ุฌู…ุจุงุฒ ูˆ ุงู„ุดู‚ู„ุจุงุช
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:18:27,950 --> 00:18:32,740
1063
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุทุจุนุง ู…ุง ุญุฏุด ูŠุณุฃู„ ุนู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:18:32,740 --> 00:18:36,240
1067
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… hyper flexibility ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:18:36,240 --> 00:18:39,680
1071
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ู„ุจ ู„ูˆุฑุง ู…ุซู„ุงุŒ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุญุท ุฑุฃุณู‡ุง
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:18:39,680 --> 00:18:42,420
1075
+ ุจูŠู† ุฑุฌู„ูŠู‡ุง ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ standing ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ุชุนู…ู„
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:18:42,420 --> 00:18:47,200
1079
+ reflection ูˆู‡ูŠูƒุŒ ุฏูˆู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู‚ุฏุฑุงุช ุฎุงุฑู‚ุฉ ูˆ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:18:47,200 --> 00:18:51,980
1083
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ูˆ ู„ู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุชุจุนุชู‡ู…
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:18:51,980 --> 00:18:56,680
1087
+ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉุŒ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ ุฑุจู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:18:56,680 --> 00:19:01,870
1091
+ ุฎู„ู‚ู‡ุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูˆ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ. However
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:19:01,870 --> 00:19:05,030
1095
+ these athletes also require strong muscle, tendon
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:19:05,030 --> 00:19:09,210
1099
+ and ligament. ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ู… ูŠู‚ุฏุฑูˆุง ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„ู€
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:19:09,210 --> 00:19:13,510
1103
+ activity ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุนุฑุงุถุงุช ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:19:13,510 --> 00:19:18,110
1107
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃูŠ injury. ุงู„ู€ large bulking muscle ุทุจุนุง
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:19:18,110 --> 00:19:23,010
1111
+ ุจุชู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ู€ range of motion. ูƒูŠู ุจุชู‚ู„ู„ู‡ุงุŸ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุฃุณุงุณุง
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:19:23,010 --> 00:19:30,230
1115
+ strong ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ stable joint ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ range
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:19:30,230 --> 00:19:34,790
1119
+ of motion. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุทู„ุจ ู…ู† ุนุถู„ุฉุŒ ู†ุทู„ุจ ู…ู† ุดุฎุต
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:19:34,790 --> 00:19:38,270
1123
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุนุถู„ุฉุŒ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ูŠ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:19:38,270 --> 00:19:43,070
1127
+ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชูุฑุฏ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูˆ ุชุชู†ูŠ ุจู‚ูˆุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:19:43,070 --> 00:19:47,570
1131
+ ุงู„ุถุนูŠูุฉุŒ ู„ูƒู† ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุนูˆู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ู€ complete range
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:19:47,570 --> 00:19:51,570
1135
+ of motion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูƒุงู† pure form. ุงู„ู€
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:19:51,570 --> 00:19:55,530
1139
+ athletes and recreational runners ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุจุนุถ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:19:55,530 --> 00:20:01,230
1143
+ ุงู„ู€ stretching exercise ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ู€ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:20:01,230 --> 00:20:05,810
1147
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ warm-up. ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ ุฃูŠ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:20:05,810 --> 00:20:09,650
1151
+ exercise ุฃูˆ heavy exercise ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุจูˆูƒ ุจุงู„ู€
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:20:09,650 --> 00:20:14,050
1155
+ warm-up ูˆ ูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ู€ cool-down ุญุชู‰ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุณุฎูŠู†
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:20:14,050 --> 00:20:19,190
1159
+ ู„ู„ุฃูˆุชุงุฑ ูˆ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุงุชุŒ ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ activity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:20:19,190 --> 00:20:22,090
1163
+ ุชู†ุนู…ู„ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ runners ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ stretching ุญุชู‰
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:20:22,090 --> 00:20:26,530
1167
+ ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุชู‚ู„ุตุงุช ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุฌุฑูŠ. ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:20:26,530 --> 00:20:31,630
1171
+ ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู…ุฑูŠู† ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุถุบุท ุงู„ุฏู…ุŒ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:20:31,630 --> 00:20:35,430
1175
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนุฑูˆู ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ warm-up ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชู‚ู„ู„ ู…ู† ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:20:35,430 --> 00:20:40,330
1179
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุชุŒ ูƒู…ุงู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:20:40,330 --> 00:20:40,590
1183
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:20:40,590 --> 00:20:40,950
1187
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:20:40,950 --> 00:20:42,210
1191
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:20:42,210 --> 00:20:43,130
1195
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:20:43,130 --> 00:20:43,170
1199
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:20:43,170 --> 00:20:48,660
1203
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณูŠุทุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠุณุงู†ุชุฑูƒ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:20:48,660 --> 00:20:54,460
1207
+ ุงูƒุณูŠุฑุณุงูŠุฒ ุงู†ุฏูˆูˆุฒ ู…ุตู„ ุฏู…ุดุทุŒ ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุนุฑู
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:20:54,460 --> 00:21:00,500
1211
+ ุฃู† ุงูŠุณุงู†ุชุฑูƒ ุงูƒุณูŠุฑุณุงูŠุฒ ู„ู„ู…ุตู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:21:00,500 --> 00:21:05,980
1215
+ stretching ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ู€ motion ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ resistance. ุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:21:05,980 --> 00:21:10,220
1219
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุชุนู…ู„ contraction ุฃูˆ tension against
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:21:10,220 --> 00:21:14,460
1223
+ resistant. ู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:21:14,460 --> 00:21:20,060
1227
+ tensionุŒ ุงู„ุฎูŠูˆุท ุทุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุจุชุชุจุงุนุฏ ู…ุด ุจุชุชู‚ุงุฑุจ ุนุดุงู†
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:21:20,060 --> 00:21:23,540
1231
+ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุง ู…ุณุงุจู‚ูŠู†ู‡ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู€ flexibility
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:21:23,540 --> 00:21:27,360
1235
+ exercise ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ stretching ุจู‚ู„ risk of injury
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:21:27,690 --> 00:21:34,030
1239
+ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุชุดู†ุฌ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุงุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุงุณูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ู‡
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:21:34,030 --> 00:21:38,830
1243
+ ุฃุณุงุณูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ micro damage ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:21:38,830 --> 00:21:44,410
1247
+ ูˆูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ .. ุฃูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ ligaments ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:21:44,410 --> 00:21:48,150
1251
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„. Although people usually become less
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:21:48,150 --> 00:21:52,930
1255
+ flexible as they age. ุทุจุนุง ุจุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ู„
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:21:52,930 --> 00:21:58,690
1259
+ ุงู„ู€ flexibilityุŒ ุชุนุฑููŠู† ุงู„ู€ intracellular fluid ุจู„ุจุณ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:21:58,690 --> 00:22:02,970
1263
+ ุงู„ู€ extra cellular ุทุจุนุง ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ู„ุดุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:22:02,970 --> 00:22:10,310
1267
+ ุงู„ู€ decrease ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆููŠุฒูŠูƒุงู„ activity ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ age
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:22:10,310 --> 00:22:16,390
1271
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ู€ flexibility ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ. ุทุจุนุง
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:22:16,390 --> 00:22:20,290
1275
+ ู„ุง ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ูˆุฌุฏุช ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:22:20,290 --> 00:22:24,390
1279
+ ุจุงู„ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฃุตูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ ู„ุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:22:24,390 --> 00:22:28,830
1283
+ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ู†ุตุญูŠู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ childhood ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:22:28,830 --> 00:22:32,550
1287
+ flexibility ุฃูƒุชุฑุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ adolescence ู„ุฃ ู…ุง ููŠุด
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:22:32,550 --> 00:22:36,310
1291
+ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุŒ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ age ุจุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ู€ flexibility ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:22:36,310 --> 00:22:40,490
1295
+ ุดูˆูู†ุงุŒ ูุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ู„ู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุชุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:22:40,490 --> 00:22:45,590
1299
+ ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ุงุช ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ increase among elderly
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:22:45,590 --> 00:22:50,750
1303
+ individuals ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง participation in a
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:22:50,750 --> 00:22:54,170
1307
+ program of regular stretching and exercise. ู‡ุฐุง
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:22:54,170 --> 00:22:57,550
1311
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุตุญูŠุญ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ elderly ุจุชู‚ู„ูŠ flexibility
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:22:57,550 --> 00:23:02,610
1315
+ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุง exercise ุฃูˆ regular exercise of
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:23:02,610 --> 00:23:08,570
1319
+ stretching ู„ุฃ ุจุชุธู„ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ูˆุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:23:08,570 --> 00:23:14,610
1323
+ flexible. ุทุจุนุง ู†ุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ external forces ุนู„ู‰
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:23:14,610 --> 00:23:19,590
1327
+ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ู€ interaction between ุงู„ู€
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:23:19,590 --> 00:23:22,790
1331
+ forcesุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง environment ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ external
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:23:22,790 --> 00:23:26,690
1335
+ force ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ internal forces ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:23:26,690 --> 00:23:33,370
1339
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุชุŒ ู„ุฃู† ุฃู†ุช ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:23:33,370 --> 00:23:39,400
1343
+ movement ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงู…ุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุจุท ุงู„ู…ูุตู„. ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:23:39,400 --> 00:23:43,060
1347
+ forces ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ weight bearing ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃูˆ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:23:43,060 --> 00:23:46,100
1351
+ ุงู„ู€ external weightุŒ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ internal force ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:23:46,100 --> 00:23:49,520
1355
+ muscle pull ูˆ ุงู„ู€ action ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ุงู„ู€ ligament
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:23:49,520 --> 00:23:52,940
1359
+ ุญุชู‰ ุชุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡. ุทุจุนุง the weight of
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:23:52,940 --> 00:23:56,380
1363
+ the limb and the force of additional loads ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:23:56,380 --> 00:23:59,280
1367
+ manual resistance applied to by the therapist ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:23:59,280 --> 00:24:03,720
1371
+ ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† moment ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:24:03,720 --> 00:24:07,920
1375
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ joint movement. ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:24:07,920 --> 00:24:14,830
1379
+ therapist ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ pull ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช. ุทุจุนุง these are
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:24:14,830 --> 00:24:17,850
1383
+ counteracted by the movement of the torque produced
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:24:17,850 --> 00:24:20,510
1387
+ by the muscle and ligament. ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:24:20,510 --> 00:24:24,610
1391
+ ุจุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ hamstrings ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ knee flexion
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:24:24,610 --> 00:24:30,310
1395
+ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ weight of the body ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ tend to do
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:24:30,310 --> 00:24:35,230
1399
+ knee flexion ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ resistant ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ therapist
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:24:35,230 --> 00:24:41,260
1403
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ therapist ุจูŠู‚ุงูˆู…ุŒ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:24:41,260 --> 00:24:45,460
1407
+ ุจูŠุชู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ knee ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ weight of the body
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:24:45,460 --> 00:24:50,880
1411
+ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏู‡ุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ู€ knee ูˆ ุนู„ู‰
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:24:50,880 --> 00:24:56,680
1415
+ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุก ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ external force and
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:24:56,680 --> 00:25:00,380
1419
+ moment balanced ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ internal force ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:25:00,380 --> 00:25:04,000
1423
+ movement ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง equilibrium ูˆ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† static ูˆ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:25:04,000 --> 00:25:09,070
1427
+ ู…ุด ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ movement. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ู€ weightof
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:25:09,070 --> 00:25:13,350
1431
+ the limb ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ muscle ุงู„ู€ power of hamstring
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:25:13,350 --> 00:25:18,250
1435
+ ุงุชูˆุงุฒู†ุช ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ therapist ุฃูƒูŠุฏ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:25:18,250 --> 00:25:23,730
1439
+ ู‡ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ static movement ูˆ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:25:23,730 --> 00:25:27,650
1443
+ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฒุงุฏุช ุนู† ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:25:27,650 --> 00:25:31,190
1447
+ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูŠุง ุฅู…ุง ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ reflection of the knee ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:25:31,190 --> 00:25:37,060
1451
+ extension of the knee. Identification and
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:25:37,060 --> 00:25:41,060
1455
+ characterization of the external force applied to
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:25:41,060 --> 00:25:43,980
1459
+ a joint during activity help a clinician to
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:25:43,980 --> 00:25:47,400
1463
+ determine the muscle or ligament needed to move or
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:25:47,400 --> 00:25:54,030
1467
+ stabilize joint. ุทุจุนุง many joints ุนุดุงู† ุชุญุฑูƒ ู…ุซู„ุง
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:25:54,030 --> 00:26:01,090
1471
+ ู…ูุตู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ุฃู†ู‡ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฃูˆ ุชุฏุงุฎู„ ู…ู† ู…ูุงุตู„
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:26:01,090 --> 00:26:04,290
1475
+ ุฃุฎุฑู‰ุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ many joints in the body sustain very
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:26:04,290 --> 00:26:07,990
1479
+ large joint reaction force during normal daily
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:26:07,990 --> 00:26:10,810
1483
+ activity ู„ุฃู† ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝูŠ ุงู„ู€ daily activity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:26:10,810 --> 00:26:14,090
1487
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ open chain ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:26:14,090 --> 00:26:17,420
1491
+ ุงู„ู€ closed chain. ุนุดุงู† ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ููŠ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:26:17,420 --> 00:26:20,000
1495
+ ุงู„ู€ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู€ locomotion ููŠ ุฑุฌู„ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:26:20,000 --> 00:26:24,500
1499
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูˆ ููŠ ุฑุฌู„ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุช .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:26:24,500 --> 00:26:29,780
1503
+ ุจุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ forces ู‡ุฐู‡ ุฃูˆ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:26:29,780 --> 00:26:34,800
1507
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ู€ .. ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ joints
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:26:34,800 --> 00:26:39,560
1511
+ ู‡ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุฅูŠุด ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:26:39,560 --> 00:26:42,980
1515
+ surface area over which the joint reaction force
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:26:42,980 --> 00:26:45,620
1519
+ is applied to determine the stress ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:26:45,620 --> 00:26:50,060
1523
+ force ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ area that the joint sustained during
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:26:50,060 --> 00:26:55,670
1527
+ the activityู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุฅู†ู‡ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ู€ stress ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุชุนุฑุถ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:26:55,670 --> 00:27:02,090
1531
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:27:02,090 --> 00:27:06,430
1535
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ area ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุชู†ุงุณุจ ุนูƒุณูŠ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:27:06,430 --> 00:27:12,230
1539
+ ููŠ .. ููŠ .. ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ area ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ stress Changes in
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:27:12,230 --> 00:27:15,170
1543
+ the joint surface or alignment can alter the
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:27:15,170 --> 00:27:18,390
1547
+ stress applied on the joint ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู„ูˆ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:27:18,390 --> 00:27:24,030
1551
+ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ knee joint ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:27:24,030 --> 00:27:30,420
1555
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ู‚ุฑุจุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ disk ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:27:30,420 --> 00:27:35,800
1559
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ุจุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุญูŠุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ู€
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:27:35,800 --> 00:27:41,080
1563
+ forces ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฑู‚ุจุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ู„ู€
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:27:41,080 --> 00:27:45,820
1567
+ pain ุฃูˆ degeneration ููŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ุจุฉ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:27:53,930 --> 00:27:56,950
1571
+ ุทุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ joint reaction forces that occur during
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:27:56,950 --> 00:28:00,630
1575
+ exercise and functional activity influence by rest
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:28:00,630 --> 00:28:03,890
1579
+ factors ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ joint position ูˆ method of
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:28:03,890 --> 00:28:07,790
1583
+ application ูˆ external forces ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:28:07,790 --> 00:28:11,770
1587
+ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ moment ุจุณ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ู€ knee ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู‚ู„ู…
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:28:11,770 --> 00:28:14,670
1591
+ ูˆ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ู€ knee ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ force ุงู„ู„ูŠ applied
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:28:14,670 --> 00:28:20,430
1595
+ by the therapist ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ knee ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€ moment R
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:28:20,430 --> 00:28:24,550
1599
+ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูุงู„ู€ force ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู‡ุชุฎุชู„ู ุทุจุนุง
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:28:24,550 --> 00:28:29,270
1603
+ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ู€ force ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู†ูุณู‡ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:28:29,270 --> 00:28:33,530
1607
+ force ุงู„ู„ูŠ applied ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ therapist ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ lower
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:28:33,530 --> 00:28:37,530
1611
+ leg ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดุฑุญ ุนู…ู„ูŠุŒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ moment
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:28:37,530 --> 00:28:41,590
1615
+ arm ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ moment ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆ ุจุญุชุงุฌ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:28:41,590 --> 00:28:48,230
1619
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉุŒ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:28:48,230 --> 00:28:55,170
1623
+ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ joint ู†ูุณู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:28:55,170 --> 00:28:58,250
1627
+ clinicians must design ุงู„ู€ exercise and functional
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:28:58,250 --> 00:29:02,530
1631
+ activity that minimize reaction for to protect the
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:29:02,530 --> 00:29:06,180
1635
+ joint surface ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู€ knee
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:29:06,180 --> 00:29:10,760
1639
+ extensionุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ุณู‡ ุงู„ู€ knee ู…ุด completely
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:29:10,760 --> 00:29:15,360
1643
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ healedุŒ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ protectionุŒ ูุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:29:15,360 --> 00:29:18,680
1647
+ ุจุชุงุนุชู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ู„ู„ moment RุŒ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:29:18,680 --> 00:29:23,510
1651
+ ู†ู‚ู„ู„ risk of injury ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ later
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:29:23,510 --> 00:29:27,210
1655
+ stage ุฃูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุนุงู…ู„ุง ุจูŠุชุนุงูู‰ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ muscle power
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:29:27,210 --> 00:29:31,690
1659
+ ูˆุตู„ุช ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ู€ 4 ูˆ ู†ุตู ู„ู€ 4 ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูุฅุญู†ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:29:31,690 --> 00:29:35,090
1663
+ ุฃุจุนุฏู†ุง ุจุฅูŠุฏู†ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ู€ moment ูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ู€
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:29:35,090 --> 00:29:39,170
1667
+ force ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ human body ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:29:39,170 --> 00:29:43,750
1671
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 150 ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ interaction between the joints
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:29:43,750 --> 00:29:48,450
1675
+ and the environments ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 150 joint
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:29:48,450 --> 00:29:51,690
1679
+ moment of one joint affect several nearby joint
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:29:51,690 --> 00:29:56,850
1683
+ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ this particularly true when moving ู„ู†ุจุถ ุงุฐุง
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:29:56,850 --> 00:30:00,090
1687
+ ูƒุงู† ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† closed chain ุฃูˆ open chain ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:30:00,090 --> 00:30:05,650
1691
+ fixed ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„ elbow flexion ู„ูˆ
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:30:05,650 --> 00:30:08,830
1695
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุงูŠุฏ ู…ู…ุชูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู†ุจ ุจุณ ุจุญุชุงุฌ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:30:08,830 --> 00:30:12,850
1699
+ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ elbow ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู‡ูˆ ููŠ closed ู…ุซู„ุง
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:30:12,850 --> 00:30:18,130
1703
+ ุงูŠุฏู‡ ู…ุญุทูˆุทุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ punch ุฃูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:30:18,130 --> 00:30:23,910
1707
+ wall ูู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุนู…ู„ flexion ุงู„ุง ุงุฐุง ุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ู€
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:30:23,910 --> 00:30:28,590
1711
+ wrist ูˆ ุงู„ุดูˆุฑุฏุงู† for example when one is standing
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:30:28,590 --> 00:30:32,410
1715
+ upright, the arm at the side of the bodyุŒ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:30:32,410 --> 00:30:35,650
1719
+ hand freeุŒ reflection of the knee ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:30:35,650 --> 00:30:38,970
1723
+ ุบูŠุฑ ุฃูŠ interaction ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ other jointsุŒ ู„ุง ู…ู†
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:30:38,970 --> 00:30:41,590
1727
+ ุงู„ุดoulder ูˆู„ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ wristุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ elbow
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:30:42,090 --> 00:30:47,430
1731
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ hand ููŠ claws ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ push up ุฃูˆ
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:30:47,430 --> 00:30:50,770
1735
+ ุญุงุทุท ุฅูŠุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงุช ู…ุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ affliction ุฅู„ุง
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:30:50,770 --> 00:30:54,310
1739
+ ุฅุฐุง ุงุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ู€ wrist ูˆ ุงุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ู€ shoulder ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:30:54,310 --> 00:30:57,430
1743
+ ูƒู„ ูƒูˆุง ุชุฌุฑุจูˆุง ุงู„ู€ push ups ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู†
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:30:57,430 --> 00:31:01,820
1747
+ ุงู„ุดoulder ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุชู†ูŠ ูˆ ูŠูุฑุฏ ุงู„ูƒูˆุง ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:31:01,820 --> 00:31:05,320
1751
+ first case ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ hand free ูู‡ูˆ
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:31:05,320 --> 00:31:09,120
1755
+ open chain ุฃูˆ open kinematic ุฃูˆ open kinetic chain
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:31:09,120 --> 00:31:15,240
1759
+ ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู€ ุงู„ุจุง .. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ู€ hand on a
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:31:15,240 --> 00:31:19,700
1763
+ surface ููŠ ุงู„ู€ push up ูุจูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ู€ closed kinetic
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:31:19,700 --> 00:31:25,140
1767
+ chain ุฃูˆ closed kinematic ุฃูˆ closed chain ู‡ุฐุง
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:31:25,140 --> 00:31:29,040
1771
+ ุจูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู€ lower limb ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:31:29,040 --> 00:31:32,240
1775
+ standing position ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ู„ู€ squat ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ knee
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:31:32,240 --> 00:31:35,140
1779
+ flexion ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู€ knee flexion ุงู„ุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:31:35,140 --> 00:31:39,220
1783
+ ุฏูˆุฑุณ ุงู„ู€ flexion ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ankle ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง flexion of
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:31:39,220 --> 00:31:43,100
1787
+ the hip ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ุฃูˆ
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:31:43,680 --> 00:31:48,640
1791
+ ูˆู‚ู ุนู„ู‰ one limb ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุงุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:31:48,640 --> 00:31:50,720
1795
+ ูŠุนู…ู„ knee flexion ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆู ุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:31:50,720 --> 00:31:54,860
1799
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุนู…ู„ performance ู„ู€ knee flexion ู„ูˆ
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:31:54,860 --> 00:31:57,960
1803
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ this is described as a closed chain
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:31:57,960 --> 00:32:01,620
1807
+ condition Since the movement joint of the upper
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:32:01,620 --> 00:32:05,600
1811
+ extremity lie between relatively immovable load on
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:32:05,600 --> 00:32:08,700
1815
+ the floor ุทุจุนุง movement of any joint in the closed
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:32:08,700 --> 00:32:15,320
1819
+ chain ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุชุฏุฎู„ ููŠู‡ุง other joints ุทุจุนุง lower
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:32:15,320 --> 00:32:18,380
1823
+ extremity ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ function ููŠ ุงู„ู€ open ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:32:18,380 --> 00:32:22,540
1827
+ closed muscle, shape, condition ุทุจุนุง ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:32:22,540 --> 00:32:26,560
1831
+ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ locomotion ุทุจุนุง ุงุฐุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:32:26,560 --> 00:32:31,840
1835
+ kicking ู„ู„ู€ ball ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ู€ ball the end of
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:32:31,840 --> 00:32:35,360
1839
+ the kicking lead is not flex ุทุจุนุง ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ููŠ
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:32:35,360 --> 00:32:39,120
1843
+ ุงู„ู€ open chain ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู…ุงุจุชุดุชุบู„ุด ู…ุนุชู…ุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:32:39,120 --> 00:32:43,560
1847
+ ุงู„ุฃูุฑุงุฏ ูƒู„ ู…ูุตู„ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ independent are
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:32:43,560 --> 00:32:47,620
1851
+ independent of one another ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุชู…ุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุฃู…ุง
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:32:47,620 --> 00:32:51,820
1855
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ sensing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฃูŠ ู…ูุตู„
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:32:51,820 --> 00:32:56,700
1859
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠ
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:32:58,040 --> 00:33:01,060
1863
+ For example, flexion of the stance knee requires
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:33:01,060 --> 00:33:04,840
1867
+ ankle dorsiflexion and hip flexion
PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/Ri56t4hkeWI_raw.json ADDED
The diff for this file is too large to render. See raw diff
 
PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/Ri56t4hkeWI_raw.srt ADDED
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1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:00,770 --> 00:00:03,230
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ูˆ ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆ ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:03,230 --> 00:00:06,770
7
+ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู„ูŠู† ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู„ูŠ ูˆ ุตุญุจ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ุงุณุชูƒู…ุงู„ุง
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:06,770 --> 00:00:12,850
11
+ ู„ู…ุง ุญุถุฑุชู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ bio mechanics of joint ู‡ู†ุฎุตุต
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:12,850 --> 00:00:17,930
15
+ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ุนู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ bio mechanics of joint
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:17,930 --> 00:00:18,470
19
+ flexibility
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:28,210 --> 00:00:33,410
23
+ Joint flexibility ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุนุฑูู‡ุง ุงู† ู‡ูŠ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุงู„ู…ูุตู„
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:33,410 --> 00:00:40,150
27
+ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุณู…ุญ ุจ range of motion ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ range of
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:40,150 --> 00:00:44,030
31
+ motion ู‡ุฐู‡ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ one plan ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:44,030 --> 00:00:48,850
35
+ flexibility of joint ู…ุซู„ุง ุฒูŠ shoulder joint ู†ุชูƒู„ู…
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:48,850 --> 00:00:53,520
39
+ ุนู† ู‚ุฏุงุด ุจูŠุณู…ุญุจุงู„ abduction ู‚ุฏุงุด ุจุณู…ุญ ุจ abduction
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:53,520 --> 00:00:59,080
43
+ ู‚ุฏุงุด ุจุณู…ุญ ุจ lateral rotation ุงูˆ media rotation ุงูˆ
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:59,080 --> 00:01:03,040
47
+ flexion ุงูˆ extension ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ one plan in each plan
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:01:03,040 --> 00:01:05,860
51
+ ู†ุนุฑููŠู† ุงู† ุงู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุฅุฐุง ุจู†ุฑุงุฌุน ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:05,860 --> 00:01:10,880
55
+ ุงู„ุณุงุจู‚ุฉ ุจุชุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ููŠ
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:10,880 --> 00:01:14,480
59
+ one plan ูˆ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุจ two plans ูˆ ุจุนุถู‡ุง ุจ three plans
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:14,480 --> 00:01:19,200
63
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ L ุจ one planูุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุณู…ุญ ููŠู‡ุง ู‡ูŠ
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:19,200 --> 00:01:23,160
67
+ reflection and extension ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:23,160 --> 00:01:25,940
71
+ flexibility ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† flexibility in
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:25,940 --> 00:01:31,820
75
+ extension ุงูˆ flexibility of reflection ุทุจุนุง ูู‰
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:31,820 --> 00:01:34,720
79
+ ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ flexibility ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ static flexibility
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:34,720 --> 00:01:37,860
83
+ ูˆุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ dynamic flexibility ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ static ู…ุนู†ุงู‡
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:37,860 --> 00:01:42,730
87
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ movement ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:42,730 --> 00:01:46,370
91
+ ุงู„ passive movement ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู…ุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:46,370 --> 00:01:52,690
95
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุดุฎุต ุขุฎุฑ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุณุชุฎุฏู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:52,690 --> 00:01:56,550
99
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ machines ูŠุจู‚ู‰ static flexibility refers to
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:56,550 --> 00:01:59,810
103
+ the range of motion present when a body segment is
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:59,810 --> 00:02:04,810
107
+ passively moved by an exercise partner or
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:04,810 --> 00:02:08,730
111
+ clinician ุฃูˆ ุญุชู‰ ุจู†ุถูŠู ุนู„ูŠู‡ machine ุฃูˆ word ุฃูˆ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:09,920 --> 00:02:13,300
115
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† external force ุฅู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:13,300 --> 00:02:17,440
119
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุดุฎุต ุขุฎุฑ ุนุดุงู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ุง
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:17,440 --> 00:02:21,040
123
+ ุณุงู…ูŠู‡ุง static flexibility ุฃูˆ passive flexibility
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:21,610 --> 00:02:25,010
127
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ dynamic flexibility ู„ู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ is
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:25,010 --> 00:02:28,850
131
+ done actively ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง interaction ู…ู† ุงู„
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:28,850 --> 00:02:31,390
135
+ muscleุŒ ุงู„ muscle ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉุŒ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:31,390 --> 00:02:34,730
139
+ dynamic flexibility refers to the range of motion
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:34,730 --> 00:02:38,450
143
+ that can be achieved by actively moving body
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:38,450 --> 00:02:42,730
147
+ segment ุทุจุนุง ุจุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ muscle
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:42,730 --> 00:02:46,620
151
+ contractionุทุจุนุง ุงู„ aesthetic flexibility
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:46,620 --> 00:02:51,940
155
+ considered to be the bitter indicator of the
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:51,940 --> 00:02:55,940
159
+ relative tightness or laxity of the joint in term
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:55,940 --> 00:02:59,600
163
+ of implication for the injury potentialุŒ ุฅูŠุด ู…ุนุงู†ุง
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:02:59,600 --> 00:03:02,980
167
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู‡ุฐุงุŸ ุฅู†ู‡ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† passiveุŒ ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:02,980 --> 00:03:07,260
171
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒูŠุฏุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ limitation
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:07,260 --> 00:03:11,200
175
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ contralateral muscles ุงูˆ ุงู„ antagonist
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:11,200 --> 00:03:14,480
179
+ muscle ูู‡ุชูˆู‚ู ู„ูƒู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ุง indicator ุงูƒุชุฑ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:14,480 --> 00:03:19,300
183
+ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠู‡ tightness ุงูˆ ููŠู‡ laxity ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ passive
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:19,300 --> 00:03:23,260
187
+ movement ุงูˆ ุงู„ static flexibility ุงูƒูŠุฏ ุงู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:23,260 --> 00:03:26,460
191
+ ู„ู…ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ stretching ู„ุงู„ู‚ู„ุจ ูˆ ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ู†ุง ู†ุทู„ุจ ู…ู†
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:26,460 --> 00:03:31,420
195
+ ุงู„ู…ุฑุถูŠ ุจูŠุฏู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ stretching ู„ุงู„ biceps ูˆ ูŠูุฑุฏ ุงูŠุฏู‡
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:31,420 --> 00:03:35,920
199
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงุฎุฑ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ limitationู…ู† ุงู„ pan ู‡ุชุธู‡ุฑ
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:35,920 --> 00:03:39,820
203
+ ุงู„ pan ุนู†ุฏู‡ ูˆ ู‡ูˆ ู‡ูŠูˆู‚ู ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ููŠ ุญุฏ ุชุงู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูุฑุฏ
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:39,820 --> 00:03:43,400
207
+ ุฅูŠุฏู‡ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู‡ passive extension ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:43,400 --> 00:03:46,320
211
+ range ู‡ุชุจูŠู† ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุชู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง muscle
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:46,320 --> 00:03:50,020
215
+ tightness ุฃูˆ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุญุชู‰ ูƒู…ุงู† laxity ุฃูˆ ุฅูŠุด
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:50,020 --> 00:03:54,000
219
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุดุนูˆุฑ ุจุฅู†ู‡ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนุงู…ู„ limitation
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:03:54,000 --> 00:03:57,760
223
+ ู„ู„ moment ู‡ู„ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ pan ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ูˆู„ุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ tightness
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:03:57,760 --> 00:04:01,920
227
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ limitation ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ dynamic stability
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:03,470 --> 00:04:06,990
231
+ must be sufficient not to restrict the range of
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:06,990 --> 00:04:10,870
235
+ motion needed for daily activity or work or sport
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:10,870 --> 00:04:15,550
239
+ activity ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ limitation ู„ุงุฒู…
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:15,550 --> 00:04:19,370
243
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ููˆู‚ุงู„ daily activity ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:19,370 --> 00:04:21,870
247
+ daily activity ุญุชู‰ ู„ูˆ ู…ุงูƒู†ุด ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ flexibility
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:21,870 --> 00:04:26,410
251
+ enough ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู†ุช ู‚ุฏ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุจู‚ู‰ ู†ุดุชุบู„ ุจูŠุฏู†ุง
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:26,410 --> 00:04:30,030
255
+ ุจู†ุดุชุบู„ ุจุงู„ุฑุฌู„ ู…ุชุงุญุฉ ู„ุฅู†ุง ุจู‚ุชุด ุจู†ุญุณ ููŠ ุงู„
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:30,030 --> 00:04:32,430
259
+ limitation ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‚ุตูˆุฑ ููŠ ุงู„
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:32,430 --> 00:04:36,490
263
+ activity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุชู…ุฏู‡ุง ุทุงู„ู…ุง ุงู„ movement ุงู„ู„ูŠ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:36,490 --> 00:04:39,470
267
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุจุชุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ daily activity ุจุชุณู…ุญ ู„ู†ุง ุจู†ุดุชุบู„
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:39,470 --> 00:04:44,410
271
+ ุจุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ sport ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุงุจู†ุชูƒู„ู…ุด
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:44,410 --> 00:04:44,810
275
+ ุนู†ู‡ุง
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:49,520 --> 00:04:53,980
279
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ู‚ุต ุนู† ุทุจุนูŠุฉ ุงู„ range of motion
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:04:59,330 --> 00:05:03,690
283
+ ุงู„ู€ researchers ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุจุงุญุซูŠู† ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง these two
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:03,690 --> 00:05:06,710
287
+ components of flexibility are independent of each
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:06,710 --> 00:05:12,410
291
+ other ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ูŠู† ููŠ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุณูˆุงุก ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ static
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:12,410 --> 00:05:16,570
295
+ flexibility ุฃูˆ ุงู„ dynamic flexibility ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:16,570 --> 00:05:21,250
299
+ ู‚ุงู„ุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ general flexibility compared
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:23,610 --> 00:05:27,390
303
+ ู‡ูŠ joint specific ุงูŠุด ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู†
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:27,390 --> 00:05:30,630
307
+ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู†ู…ุณูƒ ุงู„ etic ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุนูŠู†ุฉ ู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุง ููŠ
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:30,630 --> 00:05:33,890
311
+ class ูˆ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจุงุช ู‡ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุทุงู„ุจุงุช
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:33,890 --> 00:05:36,750
315
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… flexibility ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ elbow joint ูˆ ุจุนุถู‡ู…
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:36,750 --> 00:05:40,650
319
+ ู„ุฃ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุจูŠุงุฎุฏ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ full extension ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุจูŠุนู…ู„
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:40,650 --> 00:05:46,170
323
+ hyper extension ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุจูŠูˆุตู„ุด ุงู„ full extension ู‡ุฐุง
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:05:46,170 --> 00:05:49,700
327
+ ู„ูŠู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง limitation ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ rangesุŸููŠ
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:05:49,700 --> 00:05:52,540
331
+ ุงู„ range of movement of other joints ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุณ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:05:52,540 --> 00:05:56,800
335
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ููŠ flexibility ุฃูˆ
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:05:56,800 --> 00:06:01,200
339
+ ู†ู‚ุตุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ flexibility ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุนู†ู‰ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู†ู‡
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:01,200 --> 00:06:04,740
343
+ ู‡ูŠ joint specific ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ flexibility
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:04,740 --> 00:06:08,140
347
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงูˆ ููŠู‡ limitation ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:08,140 --> 00:06:11,440
351
+ ูˆู…ูุงุตู„ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ุฅู† ุงุญู†ุง ุจู„ุงุญุธ ุงู† ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:11,800 --> 00:06:15,200
355
+ loss of range ุฃูˆ loss of flexibility ููŠ ุงู„ knee
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:15,200 --> 00:06:17,900
359
+ joint ู‡ุฐุง ู„ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ upper limb ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:17,900 --> 00:06:22,900
363
+ loss of flexibility ู„ูƒู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ุนู„ู… ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:22,900 --> 00:06:26,180
367
+ ุงู†ู‡ ุชุฎุชู„ู ุงู„ flexibility ุจูŠู† ุงู„ male and female
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:26,180 --> 00:06:30,920
371
+ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ childrenูˆ ุงู„ .. ูˆ ุงู„ others ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:30,920 --> 00:06:35,000
375
+ ู‡ูˆ ุฑูŠุงุถูŠูŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ุฃ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุงุช
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:06:35,000 --> 00:06:37,980
379
+ ู„ุฃ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถุงุช ุจุชู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ flexibility ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:06:37,980 --> 00:06:41,500
383
+ muscle bulk ุฃูˆูŠ ูˆ ุงู„ ligament ุฃูˆูŠ ูุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุฑุถู‡ ุงู„
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:06:41,500 --> 00:06:46,570
387
+ flexibility ุฃู‚ู„ู‡ุง ุฏู‡ ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ ููŠ ุจุงู‚ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉู‡ู†ุง
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:06:46,570 --> 00:06:50,650
391
+ ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ููŠ ุงุญุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุช ู„ูŠุณ
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:06:50,650 --> 00:06:55,370
395
+ ู…ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุนู† ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู… ููŠ ุฌู…ูŠุน ุงู„ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุชุŒ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:06:55,370 --> 00:06:58,910
399
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ู…ู„ุงู‚ุฆุชู‡ ู…ู† ู‚ู„ุจู‡ ููŠ hyperlaxity
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:06:58,910 --> 00:07:01,170
403
+ ู„ูƒู† ู…ุง ุจู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ุจุงู„ุงุฎุฑ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุงุชุŒ ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ู…ู„ุงู‚ุฆ
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:01,170 --> 00:07:05,950
407
+ ุฑูŠูƒูŠูˆูุชุงู† ูู†ูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุงhyper extension ููŠ ุงู„
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:05,950 --> 00:07:08,910
411
+ knee joint ู„ูƒู† ู…ุด ุดุฑุท ุงู†ู‡ ู†ู„ุงู‚ูŠ ููŠู‡ flexibility
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:08,910 --> 00:07:13,790
415
+ ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ุงูˆ ุฒุงูŠุฏุฉ ููŠ ุจุงู‚ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุนูุงุตุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุงูŠุด ุงู„
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:13,790 --> 00:07:17,510
419
+ factors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ flexibility ุงู„ factors
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:17,510 --> 00:07:21,050
423
+ influencing joint flexibility ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:21,050 --> 00:07:24,090
427
+ different factors ุงูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ articulation
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:07:24,090 --> 00:07:27,170
431
+ ู†ูุณู‡ shape of the articulating bone surface
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:07:27,170 --> 00:07:31,570
435
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู†
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:07:31,570 --> 00:07:35,830
439
+ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ูุงุชุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅู†ู‡
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:07:35,830 --> 00:07:38,430
443
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ elbow flexion ุงู„ elbow
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:07:38,430 --> 00:07:40,990
447
+ flexion ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ elbow flexion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:07:40,990 --> 00:07:44,010
451
+ muscle bulk ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ biceps ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช bulky ุฃูƒุชุฑ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:07:44,010 --> 00:07:47,110
455
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ limitation ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุทุจุนุง ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:07:47,110 --> 00:07:50,990
459
+ contact surfaces ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ extreme range of
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:07:50,990 --> 00:07:54,590
463
+ motion ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุงู„ูุงุช ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ู†ูŠุฌูŠ ุจู†ุทู„ุจ ู…ู† ุณูŠุฏุฉ
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:07:54,590 --> 00:07:58,960
467
+ obese ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง big bellyุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ูƒุงุฑุดูˆูุงู†
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:07:58,960 --> 00:08:01,880
471
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงุนู…ู„ friction of the hip joint ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:01,880 --> 00:08:06,200
475
+ ุงู„ูุช ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ limitation ู„ู„ hip joint ู„ูƒู†
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:06,200 --> 00:08:09,940
479
+ ุงู„ limitation ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุชุนู„ู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ ุงู„ pericarticular
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:09,940 --> 00:08:14,680
483
+ elements ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ elbow ู„ู…ุง
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:08:14,680 --> 00:08:17,920
487
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง extreme hyperextension ุทุจุนุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:08:17,920 --> 00:08:21,420
491
+ ุงู„ู‚ู„ู‚ุฑุงู†ูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ุชุญุฏู„ ู…ุด ู‡ุชุฎู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงูŠุฏ ุชู‚ู„ุจ ู„ูˆุฑู‚
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:08:21,420 --> 00:08:24,640
495
+ ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุฒุงูˆูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ุฎู…ุณูŠู† ุงูˆ ุชุณุนูŠู†
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:08:24,640 --> 00:08:28,810
499
+ ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู„ูŠุด ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู‚ู„ู‚ุฑุงู†ูˆู†ุจุชูƒูˆู† in contact
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:08:28,810 --> 00:08:32,350
503
+ ู…ุน ุงู„ fossa of the humerus ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:08:32,350 --> 00:08:36,010
507
+ restriction ู„ู„ movement ููŠ ุงู„ other direction ุงู„ู„ูŠ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:08:36,010 --> 00:08:41,270
511
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ extension ุทุจุนุง
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:08:41,270 --> 00:08:44,210
515
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ุฑุณู… ุงู„ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุง
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:08:44,210 --> 00:08:47,750
519
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ olecranon ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ olecranon fossa
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:08:47,750 --> 00:08:51,530
523
+ ู…ู‡ู…ุง ุงู†ู‡ ู‚ู„ุจุช ู„ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุญุฑูƒ ู‡ู†ุง ู„ูƒู†
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:08:51,530 --> 00:08:58,670
527
+ ู…ุด ู‡ุชู‚ู„ุจ ู„ุฏุฑุฌุงุช ุฃูƒุจุฑุงู„ muscle or fat on the
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:08:58,670 --> 00:09:02,190
531
+ anterior aspect of the arm ุชุฑู…ูŠุช ุงู„ elbow flexion
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:09:02,190 --> 00:09:05,490
535
+ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดุฑุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ biceps ุทุจุนุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:09:05,490 --> 00:09:10,590
539
+ bulky biceps ุจุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ full ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ elbow
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:09:10,590 --> 00:09:16,170
543
+ flexionุทุจุนุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดุฎุงุต ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุงุฑุณ ุฑูŠุงุถุงุช ุจุชู‚ูˆู‰
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:09:16,170 --> 00:09:20,310
547
+ ุนุถู„ุงุชู‡ู… ูˆ ุงู„ muscle tone ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุจุฒูŠุฏ ูู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู†ู‡ ูˆ ุงู„
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:09:20,310 --> 00:09:24,730
551
+ .. ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุทุฉ ุทุจุนุชู‡ู… ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ ูุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ ..
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:09:24,730 --> 00:09:28,770
555
+ ุงู„ range of motion ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃู‚ู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:09:28,770 --> 00:09:32,530
559
+ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ูˆู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ muscles ุจุชุนู…ู„
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:09:32,530 --> 00:09:36,390
563
+ restrictionู„ู„ู€ movement ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ bulky muscle ุจุชู…ู†ุน
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:09:36,390 --> 00:09:39,430
567
+ ุงู„ complete range of motion ูŠุจู‚ู‰ regular
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:09:39,430 --> 00:09:43,270
571
+ participation in bilateral asymmetrical sport ุฒูŠ
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:09:43,270 --> 00:09:46,570
575
+ ุงู„ tennis ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ tennis ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู„ุนุจ ุจุงู„ูŠู…ูŠู†
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:09:46,570 --> 00:09:51,840
579
+ ุฃูˆ ุจุงู„ูŠุณุงุฑ ุนุถู„ุชู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ูˆู‰ูู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ have less range
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:09:51,840 --> 00:09:55,240
583
+ of motion for the dominant arm than for the non
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:09:55,240 --> 00:09:59,040
587
+ -dominant arm at the glenohumeral joint shoulderุŒ
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:09:59,040 --> 00:10:03,560
591
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ bulky musculatures ูˆ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:10:03,560 --> 00:10:06,900
595
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุฑุจุทุฉ ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง For most
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:10:06,900 --> 00:10:10,080
599
+ individual, joint flexibility is primarily a
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:10:10,080 --> 00:10:13,780
603
+ function of relativeLagcity ุฃูˆ Extensibility ู„ุง
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:10:13,780 --> 00:10:17,480
607
+ ุฅูŠุดุŸ ู„ุง ุงู„ู€ Collagen ุชุดูŠูˆ ูˆ ุงู„ muscle crossing ุฏู‡
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:10:17,480 --> 00:10:40,200
611
+ ุฌูˆู†
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:10:41,790 --> 00:10:49,160
615
+ ุงู„ู€ flexibility of the jointุทุจุนุง ุงู„ tight ligament
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:10:49,160 --> 00:10:52,900
619
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ tight muscle with limited extensibility ู‡ู…
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:10:52,900 --> 00:10:56,960
623
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุทุจุนุง ุณุจุจ ููŠ ุงู„ injury ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ู„ู†ุง
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:10:56,960 --> 00:11:02,420
627
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ูˆ ุงู„ fibers ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุงุชู…ุฑู†ุช ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูƒู„
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:02,420 --> 00:11:07,000
631
+ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ููŠู‡ุง ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณุฎูˆู†ุฉ ุนุดุงู†ูƒูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฏุงูŠู…ุง
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:07,000 --> 00:11:11,100
635
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงูŠ ุญุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠู…ุงุฑุณ ุฑูŠุงุถุฉ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู†
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:11,100 --> 00:11:17,000
639
+ ุนุงู…ู„ ุชุณุฎูŠู† ุงู„ุชุณุฎูŠู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุงุญู†ุงุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏ
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:11:17,000 --> 00:11:21,560
643
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุชุฏูุฆุฉ ุฃูˆ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ ..
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:11:21,560 --> 00:11:24,180
647
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ ligaments ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:11:24,180 --> 00:11:30,100
651
+ ุญุชู‰ ุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ .. ุงู„ injury ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ .. ู‚ุฏุงุด ููŠู‡
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:11:30,100 --> 00:11:33,080
655
+ ุฅู…ูƒุงู†ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุชู…ุฏุฏ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ ligament ุฅู†ู‡ ุชู…ุฏุฏ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:11:33,080 --> 00:11:37,500
659
+ ูุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ injury ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู†ุณุจุชู‡ุง ุฃู‚ู„ ู„ูƒู† ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:11:37,500 --> 00:11:42,780
663
+ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุฒุฌุงุฌุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฅุดูŠ ู‚ุงุจู„ ู„ู„ูƒุณุฑ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุตู„ุจ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:11:42,780 --> 00:11:47,060
667
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู…ุฑูˆู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ risk of
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:11:47,060 --> 00:11:51,340
671
+ injury ุฃู‚ู„ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ligaments ูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:11:51,340 --> 00:11:54,620
675
+ muscle in one study researcher shows that four
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:11:54,620 --> 00:11:58,240
679
+ week stretching protocol ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู†
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:11:58,240 --> 00:12:02,000
683
+ ุงู„ุดุฎุต ุจุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฏุฉ ุฃุฑุจุน ุฃุณุงุจูŠุน ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ stretching
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:02,530 --> 00:12:06,510
687
+ result in increased joint flexibility ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:06,510 --> 00:12:09,630
691
+ joint flexibility ูˆ ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ range of motion ูˆ ูŠู…ูƒู†
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:12:09,630 --> 00:12:13,110
695
+ ุงู†ุชูˆุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ุซู‚ุงุช ุงูˆ ุงู„ุชุฏุฑูŠุจุงุช ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุงุญุธุชู‡
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:12:13,110 --> 00:12:16,970
699
+ ูƒูŠู ุงู†ู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุฒูˆุฏ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ flexibility ุชุจุน
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:12:16,970 --> 00:12:20,290
703
+ ุงู„ hamstring ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑูˆุด
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:12:20,290 --> 00:12:24,610
707
+ ุชุจุตู„ูˆุง ุฃุตุงุจุนูƒูˆุง ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† flexion of
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:12:24,610 --> 00:12:28,310
711
+ the trunk ู„ู… ุชูˆุตู„ุด ุฃุตุงุจุนูƒูˆุง ู„ ุงู„ toes ุจุนุฏ ุชู…ุฑูŠู†
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:12:28,310 --> 00:12:31,900
715
+ ู…ุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงุชู†ูŠู† ูˆ ุชู„ุงุชุฉูˆููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ุณุงู‚ ุจุชูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู‚ุฏุฑุชูˆุง
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:12:31,900 --> 00:12:36,360
719
+ ุชูˆุตู„ูˆุง ุฅูŠุฏูƒู… ู…ุด ุจุณ ู„ุชูˆุฒู„ูˆุง ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ู„ูƒู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:12:36,360 --> 00:12:40,620
723
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด compliance ู…ู† ุงู„ muscle ุฃูˆ ุงู„
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:12:40,620 --> 00:12:44,040
727
+ muscle ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฃูƒุฏ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ ligaments ูˆ ุงู„
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:12:44,040 --> 00:12:48,240
731
+ tendon ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ุฃุฑุฎู‰ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ูุตุงุฑูˆุง ููŠู‡ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:12:48,240 --> 00:12:52,220
735
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ู… stretch ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ muscle ู†ูุณู‡ุง ู…ุง
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:12:52,220 --> 00:12:55,940
739
+ ุงุชุฃุซุฑุช ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ ุงู„ extensibility ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:12:55,940 --> 00:12:57,860
743
+ muscle ุงู„ ุจุงู„ูŠ ุฃูˆ ุงู„
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:13:00,530 --> 00:13:06,350
747
+ ุงู„ู€ fibers ุณุจุนุฉ ุงู„ muscle ู†ูุณู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ุฃูŠุด ุนู„ุงู‚ุฉ ุงู„
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:13:06,350 --> 00:13:09,630
751
+ flexibility ููŠ ุงู„ injury ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุญู†ุง ู†ูƒูˆู† ูุงู‡ู…ูŠู† ุงู†ู‡
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:13:09,630 --> 00:13:13,930
755
+ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ู„ุณู‡ extensibility ุจูŠูƒูˆู† risk of
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:13:13,930 --> 00:13:17,670
759
+ injury ุงุนู„ู‰ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ู„ุณู‡ flexibility ุงู„ risk
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:13:17,670 --> 00:13:21,530
763
+ of injury ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงุนู„ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง researchers ู‚ุงู„ูˆุง ุงู„ risk
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:13:21,530 --> 00:13:25,070
767
+ of injury is heightened when the joint flexibility
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:13:25,070 --> 00:13:29,480
771
+ is extremely lowุฃูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† Extremely High Extremely
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:13:29,480 --> 00:13:32,780
775
+ High ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ nociceptors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:13:32,780 --> 00:13:36,440
779
+ proprio-receptors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุถุนูŠูุฉ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:13:36,440 --> 00:13:41,040
783
+ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ุงุด ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุญู…ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:13:41,040 --> 00:13:43,820
787
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง less of flexibility ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:13:43,820 --> 00:13:47,740
791
+ risk ู„ู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง extreme extensibility ุฃูˆ
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:13:47,740 --> 00:13:51,940
795
+ flexibility ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง risk of injuryู„ูŠุดุŸ
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:13:51,940 --> 00:13:57,300
799
+ ู„ุฃู† ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุงู‹ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู€ proprioception
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:13:57,300 --> 00:14:00,660
803
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ ligament ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:14:00,660 --> 00:14:04,880
807
+ tendon ู‡ูŠ ุจุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ injury ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุถุนูŠูุฉ ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:14:04,880 --> 00:14:10,980
811
+ ุนูŠู†ู†ุง ุฃุฑุจุทุฉ ู…ุฑููŠุฉ ูุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ risk of dislocation or
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:14:10,980 --> 00:14:15,340
815
+ injury ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ or significantly imbalance
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:14:15,340 --> 00:14:18,500
819
+ between the dominant ูˆ non-dominant side of the
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:14:18,500 --> 00:14:22,060
823
+ limbุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง severely limited joint flexibility
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:14:22,060 --> 00:14:28,280
827
+ ุทุจุนุง undesirable ู…ุด ู…ุทู„ูˆุจุฉ ู„ูŠุด ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ risk of
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:14:28,280 --> 00:14:31,840
831
+ injury ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุนู„ู‰ if the collagen ุชุดูŠูˆุฉ ุนู† ุทู…ุณ ุงู„
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:14:31,840 --> 00:14:36,220
835
+ crossing are tied ุทุจุนุง likelihoodof tearing or
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:14:36,220 --> 00:14:39,860
839
+ rupture ุจุงู„ุธุจุท ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฅู†ู‡ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:14:39,860 --> 00:14:45,400
843
+ ligament ุฃูˆ ุงู„ tendon ูƒุชูŠุฑ tough ูˆ ุฌุงู…ุฏ ูˆ ู…ุงููŠ
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:14:45,400 --> 00:14:49,900
847
+ extensively ูˆ flexibility enough ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ rupture
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:14:49,900 --> 00:14:54,800
851
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูˆุงุฑุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ risk of rupture ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฅุฐุง
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:14:54,800 --> 00:15:00,460
855
+ ุงุชุนุฑุถ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู„ forceุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ normal range of
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:15:00,460 --> 00:15:03,880
859
+ motion ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุฒูˆุฏู†ุง range of motion ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู†
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:15:03,880 --> 00:15:07,840
863
+ ุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ูˆูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง tight ligament or tight
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:15:07,840 --> 00:15:12,700
867
+ tendon ูุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ risk of injury ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุฃูƒุชุฑ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:15:12,700 --> 00:15:17,060
871
+ ุฃูˆ ู„ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู„ ligaments are or tendon ุฃูƒุชุฑ ูˆู‚ู„ู†ุง ูƒู„
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:15:17,060 --> 00:15:20,200
875
+ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ู…ุฑูˆู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ risk of
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:15:20,200 --> 00:15:24,960
879
+ injury ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุฑูƒูุฑ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃู‚ู„ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ title came from
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:15:24,960 --> 00:15:27,860
883
+ muscle found to be related to lower extremity
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:15:27,860 --> 00:15:31,640
887
+ injury incidence among male ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงู„ male ุงุญู†ุง
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:15:31,640 --> 00:15:36,200
891
+ ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ male ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:15:36,200 --> 00:15:38,920
895
+ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุนู† ุฌุณู… ุงู„ female ูˆ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุฃู† ุงู„ female ููŠ
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:15:38,920 --> 00:15:42,740
899
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง more flexibility than male ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู„ูŠุดุŸ
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:15:42,740 --> 00:15:46,540
903
+ ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† lower limb injury ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ lower limb
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:15:46,540 --> 00:15:52,470
907
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชุชุญู…ู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ weight bearing but not
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:15:52,470 --> 00:15:56,190
911
+ female colleagues ู‚ุฏุฑุชู‡ุงุŒ ุฏู‡ ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู†
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:15:56,190 --> 00:16:02,230
915
+ ุทู„ุงุจ ุงู„ุชุฑุจูŠุฉ ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠุฉ ููŠ ุฅุญุฏู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู…ุนุงุช ูˆุฌุฏูˆุง ุฃู†ู‡
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:16:02,230 --> 00:16:06,740
919
+ ุงู„ female ุทุจุนุง more flexibleูˆ have less tight
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:16:06,740 --> 00:16:11,220
923
+ joint than ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ู…ุงู„ ููŠ ุงู„ lower
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:16:11,220 --> 00:16:14,600
927
+ extremity ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ risk of injury ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ุงู„
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:16:14,600 --> 00:16:19,900
931
+ ุฃุนู„ู‰ุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุณุจุจ ูˆ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุทุจุนุงุŒ ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:16:19,900 --> 00:16:24,340
935
+ ูƒุงู† ุฅู„ู‡ุง ุณุจุจููŠ other study ุนู…ู„ูˆุง comparison ุจูŠู† ุงู„
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:16:24,340 --> 00:16:28,300
939
+ female gymnast ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง high injury
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:16:28,300 --> 00:16:31,480
943
+ category ูƒุงู†ูˆุง ู‡ู… ู„ุณู‡ flexible ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู†
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:16:31,480 --> 00:16:35,520
947
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… less injury ูƒุงู†ูˆุง more flexible ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฃู…ุฑ
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:16:35,520 --> 00:16:39,520
951
+ ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ูˆุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:16:39,520 --> 00:16:43,920
955
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ูŠุนู†ูŠุงู„ู€ alternatively and extremely
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:16:43,920 --> 00:16:48,520
959
+ loose lacks jointsุŒ lacking in stabilityุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:16:48,520 --> 00:16:51,740
963
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง risk of displacementุŒ ู…ุนุฑูˆู ุฅู†ู‡ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:16:51,740 --> 00:16:58,720
967
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ flexibility ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉุŒ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ligamentุฑุงููŠ
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:16:58,720 --> 00:17:03,500
971
+ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ risk of dislocation ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:17:03,500 --> 00:17:07,960
975
+ ู…ุซู„ุง ูƒุชูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุชุนุฑุถ ุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ุญูˆุงุฏุซ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:17:07,960 --> 00:17:12,320
979
+ ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ูŠู…ูƒู† ููŠ ู†ุงุณ ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฑุจู†ุง ุญู…ุงู‡ุง ูˆ ุญูุธู‡ุง ู„ุฅู† ูƒุงู†
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:17:12,320 --> 00:17:16,140
983
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… bulk musculature ูƒุงู† ููŠู‡ ุฌุณู… ู‚ูˆูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:17:16,140 --> 00:17:19,600
987
+ ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู†ุน ุฅู† ุงู„ุญุงุฏุซ ูŠุชุทูˆุฑ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:17:19,600 --> 00:17:23,080
991
+ dislocation ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ู… ุฅู†
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:17:23,080 --> 00:17:26,660
995
+ ู‡ู… ุงู„ุฑูŠุงุถูŠูŠู† ุจูŠุนู…ู„ searching exercisesุงุชุนุฑุถูˆุง
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:17:26,660 --> 00:17:29,940
999
+ ุงู„ู†ุตุงุฑู‰ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… dislocation ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ูƒุงู† ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:17:29,940 --> 00:17:33,420
1003
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุงููŠุด ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ูƒูุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ู…ูุตู„ ุชุจุนู‡ู… ุนู„ู‰ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:17:33,420 --> 00:17:39,320
1007
+ ligaments ูˆ ุงู„ pericarticular musculatures and
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:17:39,320 --> 00:17:44,270
1011
+ tendon ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชุญู…ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„The
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:17:44,270 --> 00:17:47,650
1015
+ desirable and amount of joint flexibility largely
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:17:47,650 --> 00:17:50,290
1019
+ dependent on the activity in which the individual
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:17:50,290 --> 00:17:54,270
1023
+ wishes to engage ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ flexibility ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:17:54,270 --> 00:17:58,050
1027
+ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ุงู„ุฌูŠู…ู†ุงุณุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ุงู„ dancers ูˆ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:17:58,050 --> 00:18:00,950
1031
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ flexibility ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:18:00,950 --> 00:18:05,490
1035
+ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ู„ุงุนุจ ุงู„ูƒุฑุฉ ุฃูˆ ู„ุนุจ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ุงุนุจ
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:18:05,490 --> 00:18:08,450
1039
+ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุง ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ุฏุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุญุฏูŠุฏ ู…ุญุชุงุฌุด ุงู„
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:18:08,450 --> 00:18:11,990
1043
+ flexibility ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุชุงุฌู‡ุง ุงู„ gymnast ุฃูˆ ุงู„ dancer
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:18:12,570 --> 00:18:16,450
1047
+ ุฃูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠู† ู…ุงุจูŠุญุชุงุฌ ุงู† ุชูƒูˆู†
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:18:16,450 --> 00:18:20,130
1051
+ ู‡ุฏุงูƒ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ flexibility ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:18:20,130 --> 00:18:23,450
1055
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ dancers ุฃูˆ ุงู„ gymnast ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:18:23,450 --> 00:18:27,950
1059
+ ุจูŠู„ุนุจูˆุง ุฑูŠุงุถุงุช ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู„ุนุจูˆุง ุงู„ุฌู…ุจุงุฒ ูˆ ุงู„ุดู‚ู„ุจุงุช
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:18:27,950 --> 00:18:32,740
1063
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠุทุจุนุง ู…ุงุญุฏุด ูŠุณุฃู„ ุนู† ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:18:32,740 --> 00:18:36,240
1067
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… hyper flexibility ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:18:36,240 --> 00:18:39,680
1071
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ู„ุจ ู„ูˆุฑุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุญุท ุฑุฃุณู‡ุง
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:18:39,680 --> 00:18:42,420
1075
+ ุจูŠู† ุฃุฌุฑูŠู‡ุง ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ standing ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ุชุนู…ู„
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:18:42,420 --> 00:18:47,200
1079
+ reflection ูˆ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุฏูˆู„ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู‚ุฏุฑุงุช ุฎุงุฑู‚ุฉ ูˆ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:18:47,200 --> 00:18:51,980
1083
+ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุฎุงุตุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ูˆ ู„ู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุชุจุนุชู‡ู…
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:18:51,980 --> 00:18:56,680
1087
+ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุนุงุฏูŠุฉ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ูˆุงู‡ุจ ุฑุจู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:18:56,680 --> 00:19:01,870
1091
+ ุฎู„ู‚ู‡ุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ูˆ ู…ุด ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณHowever
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:19:01,870 --> 00:19:05,030
1095
+ these athletes also require strong muscle, tendon
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:19:05,030 --> 00:19:09,210
1099
+ and ligament ู„ูŠุดุŸ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ู… ูŠู‚ุฏุฑูˆุง ูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุงู„
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:19:09,210 --> 00:19:13,510
1103
+ activity ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุงุณุชุนุฑุงุถุงุช ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ุจุฏูˆู† ู…ุง ูŠุตูŠุฑ
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:19:13,510 --> 00:19:18,110
1107
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุฃูŠ injuryุงู„ large bulking muscle ุทุจุนุง
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:19:18,110 --> 00:19:23,010
1111
+ ุจุชู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ range of motion ูƒูŠู ุจุชู‚ู„ู„ู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุฃุณุงุณุง
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:19:23,010 --> 00:19:30,230
1115
+ strong ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ stable joint ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ range
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:19:30,230 --> 00:19:34,790
1119
+ of motion ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ุทู„ุจ ู…ู† ุนุถู„ุฉู†ุทู„ุจ ู…ู† ุดุฎุต
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:19:34,790 --> 00:19:38,270
1123
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ูŠ
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:19:38,270 --> 00:19:43,070
1127
+ ุจุชู‚ุฏุฑ ุชุนู…ู„ ุชูุฑุฏ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูˆุชุชู†ูŠู‚ ุจู‚ูˆุฉ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:19:43,070 --> 00:19:47,570
1131
+ ุงู„๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุนูŠูุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุฃุญูŠุงู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุนูˆู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ complete range
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:19:47,570 --> 00:19:51,570
1135
+ of motion ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูƒุงู† pure form ุงู„
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:19:51,570 --> 00:19:55,530
1139
+ athletes and recreational runners ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุจุนุถ
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:19:55,530 --> 00:20:01,230
1143
+ ุงู„ stretching exercise ู‚ุจู„ ุงู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:20:01,230 --> 00:20:05,810
1147
+ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ wormุงู„ warm-up ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุงู†ู‡ ุงูŠ
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:20:05,810 --> 00:20:09,650
1151
+ exercise ุงูˆ heavy exercise ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุณุจูˆูƒ ุจุงู„
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:20:09,650 --> 00:20:14,050
1155
+ warm-up ูˆูŠู†ุชู‡ูŠ ุจุงู„ cool-down ุญุชู‰ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุชุณู‚ูŠู†
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:20:14,050 --> 00:20:19,190
1159
+ ู„ุงู„ุงูˆุชู‡ูŠู‚ุฉ ู„ู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ activity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:20:19,190 --> 00:20:22,090
1163
+ ุชู†ุนู…ู„ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ runners ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ stretching ุญุชู‰
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:20:22,090 --> 00:20:26,530
1167
+ ู…ุงูŠุตูŠุฑุด ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ุชู‚ู„ุตุงุช ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุฌุฑูŠุจุงู„ุทุจุน ู‡ู†ุงูƒ ุจุนุถ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:20:26,530 --> 00:20:31,630
1171
+ ุงู„ูˆุซูŠู‚ุฉ ุจุฃู† ุงู„ู…ุดุงุฑูƒุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุชู†ุณูŠู‚ ูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุชู†ุณูŠู‚ ุงู„ุถุบุทุŒ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:20:31,630 --> 00:20:35,430
1175
+ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ู…ุนุฑูˆู ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ warm-up ุนุงุฏุฉ ุชู‚ู„ู„ ุญุฑุงุฑุฉ
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:20:35,430 --> 00:20:40,330
1179
+ ุงู„ู…ุตุงุจุฉุŒ ูƒู…ุงู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:20:40,330 --> 00:20:40,590
1183
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:20:40,590 --> 00:20:40,950
1187
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:20:40,950 --> 00:20:42,210
1191
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:20:42,210 --> 00:20:43,130
1195
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:20:43,130 --> 00:20:43,170
1199
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:20:43,170 --> 00:20:48,660
1203
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุนู…ู„ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณูŠุทุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠุณุงู†ุชุฑูƒ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:20:48,660 --> 00:20:54,460
1207
+ ุงูƒุณูŠุฑุณุงูŠุฒ ุงู†ุฏูˆูˆุฒ ู…ุตู„ ุฏู…ุดุท ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุนุฑู
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:20:54,460 --> 00:21:00,500
1211
+ ุงู† ุงูŠุณุงู†ุชุฑูƒ ุงูƒุณูŠุฑุณุงูŠุฒ ู„ู„ู…ุตู„ ู‡ุฐุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:21:00,500 --> 00:21:05,980
1215
+ stretching ุงุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ motion ุงูˆ ุงู„ resistanceุนุจุงุฑุฉ
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:21:05,980 --> 00:21:10,220
1219
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุชุนู…ู„ contraction ุฃูˆ tension against
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:21:10,220 --> 00:21:14,460
1223
+ resistant ู„ูƒู† ุจุงู„ุญู‚ูŠู‚ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:21:14,460 --> 00:21:20,060
1227
+ tension ุงู„ุฎูŠูˆุท ุทุจุนุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ุจุชุชุจุงุนุฏ ู…ุด ุจุชุชู‚ุงุฑุจ ุนุดุงู†
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:21:20,060 --> 00:21:23,540
1231
+ ู‡ูŠ ูƒุฏู‡ ู‚ุจู„ู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒู†ุง ู…ุณุงุจู‚ูŠู†ู‡ุง ุจุนุถ ุงู„ flexibility
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:21:23,540 --> 00:21:27,360
1235
+ exercise ุฃูˆ ุงู„ stretching ุจู‚ู„ risk of injury
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:21:27,690 --> 00:21:34,030
1239
+ ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุชุดู†ุฌ ู„ูŠุณ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ ุงุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุงู†ุฌุฑูŠ ุงู„ุงุณุงุณูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู†ู‡
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:21:34,030 --> 00:21:38,830
1243
+ ุงุณุงุณูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„ micro damage ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:21:38,830 --> 00:21:44,410
1247
+ ูˆูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ligaments ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:21:44,410 --> 00:21:48,150
1251
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ although people usually become less
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:21:48,150 --> 00:21:52,930
1255
+ flexible as they age ุทุจุนุง ุจุงู„ุนู…ุฑ ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู‚ู„
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:21:52,930 --> 00:21:58,690
1259
+ ุงู„ flexibility ุชุนุฑููŠู† ุงู„ intracellular fluid ุจู„ุจุณ
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:21:58,690 --> 00:22:02,970
1263
+ ุงู„ extra salary ุทุจุนุง ู…ุง ุจูŠู‚ู„ุด ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:22:02,970 --> 00:22:10,310
1267
+ ุงู„ decrease ุงู„ููŠุฑูˆููŠุฒูŠูƒุงู„ activity ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ู…ุน ุงู„ age
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:22:10,310 --> 00:22:16,390
1271
+ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู‚ู„ู„ ุงู„ flexibility ุนู†ุฏ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ู†ุงุณุทุจุนุงู‹
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:22:16,390 --> 00:22:20,290
1275
+ ู„ุง ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ุงุช ุงู„ุชูŠ ูƒุงู†ุช ูˆุฌุฏุช ุฃู†ู‡ุง ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:22:20,290 --> 00:22:24,390
1279
+ ุจุงู„ุชุทูˆูŠุฑ ููŠ ุฃุตูˆู„ ุงู„ุฃุทูุงู„ุŒ ู„ุฃ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:22:24,390 --> 00:22:28,830
1283
+ ุงู„ุฌู…ู„ุฉ ู‚ุจู„ ุฃู† ู†ุตุญูŠู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ childhood ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:22:28,830 --> 00:22:32,550
1287
+ flexibility ุฃูƒุชุฑุŒ ููŠ ุงู„ adolescence ู„ุฃ ู…ุงููŠุด
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:22:32,550 --> 00:22:36,310
1291
+ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑุŒ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ู…ุน ุงู„ุงุฌู† ุจุชู‚ู„ ุงู„ flexibility ุฒูŠ ู…ุง
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:22:36,310 --> 00:22:40,490
1295
+ ุดูˆูู†ุง ูุงู„ูˆุตูˆู„ ู„ู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฏุฑุงุณุงุช ุชุดูŠุฑ ุฅู„ู‰ ุฃู†
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:22:40,490 --> 00:22:45,590
1299
+ ุงู„ุชุทุจูŠู‚ุงุช ูŠู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉincrease among elderly
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:22:45,590 --> 00:22:50,750
1303
+ individuals ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆุง participation in a
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:22:50,750 --> 00:22:54,170
1307
+ program of regular stretching and exercise ู‡ุฐุง
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:22:54,170 --> 00:22:57,550
1311
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุตุญูŠุญ ููŠ ุงู„ elderly ุจุชู‚ู„ูŠ flexibility
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:22:57,550 --> 00:23:02,610
1315
+ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุนู…ู„ู†ุง exercise ุงูˆ regular exercise of
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:23:02,610 --> 00:23:08,570
1319
+ stretching ู„ุฃ ุจุชุธู„ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุชุจุนุชู‡ู… ูˆุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:23:08,570 --> 00:23:14,610
1323
+ flexibleุทุจุนุง ู†ุดูˆู ุฅูŠุด ุชุฃุซูŠุฑ ุงู„ external forces ุนู„ู‰
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:23:14,610 --> 00:23:19,590
1327
+ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ interaction between ุงู„
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:23:19,590 --> 00:23:22,790
1331
+ forces ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง environment ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ external
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:23:22,790 --> 00:23:26,690
1335
+ force ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ internal forces ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:23:26,690 --> 00:23:33,370
1339
+ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู„ุฅู† ุงู†ุช ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:23:33,370 --> 00:23:39,400
1343
+ movement ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงู…ุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุจุทุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:23:39,400 --> 00:23:43,060
1347
+ forces ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ weight bearing ู…ุซู„ุง ุฃูˆ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:23:43,060 --> 00:23:46,100
1351
+ ุงู„ external weight ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ internal force ูู‡ูŠ ุงู„
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:23:46,100 --> 00:23:49,520
1355
+ muscle pull ูˆ ุงู„ action ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ู‡ ุงู„ ligament
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:23:49,520 --> 00:23:52,940
1359
+ ุญุชู‰ ุชุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุทุจุนุง the weight of
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:23:52,940 --> 00:23:56,380
1363
+ the limb and the force of additional loads ุฒูŠ ุงู„
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:23:56,380 --> 00:23:59,280
1367
+ manual resistance applied to by the therapist ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:23:59,280 --> 00:24:03,720
1371
+ ู‡ู†ุดูˆูู‡ุง ุจุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† moment ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:24:03,720 --> 00:24:07,920
1375
+ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู„ joint movement ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุงู„
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:24:07,920 --> 00:24:14,830
1379
+ therapist ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ pull ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุชุทุจุนุง these are
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:24:14,830 --> 00:24:17,850
1383
+ counteracted by the movement of the terc produced
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:24:17,850 --> 00:24:20,510
1387
+ by the muscle and ligament ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:24:20,510 --> 00:24:24,610
1391
+ ุจุงู„ุตูˆุฑุฉ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ hamstrings ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ knee flexion
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:24:24,610 --> 00:24:30,310
1395
+ ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ weight of the body ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ tend to do
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:24:30,310 --> 00:24:35,230
1399
+ knee flexion ูˆ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ resistant ู…ู† ุงู„ therapist
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:24:35,230 --> 00:24:41,260
1403
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุงุงู„ therapist ุจูŠู‚ุงูˆู… ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู…ุฑูŠุถ ุจุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู‡ุฐู‡
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:24:41,260 --> 00:24:45,460
1407
+ ุจูŠุชู†ูŠ ุงู„ ุงู„ knee ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ weight of the body
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:24:45,460 --> 00:24:50,880
1411
+ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ knee ูˆ ุนู„ู‰
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:24:50,880 --> 00:24:56,680
1415
+ ุงู„ุฃุฏุงุก ุฏุงุฎู„ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ external force and
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:24:56,680 --> 00:25:00,380
1419
+ moment balanced ู…ุน ุงู„ internal force ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู„
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:25:00,380 --> 00:25:04,000
1423
+ movement ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง equilibrium ูˆ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† static ูˆ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:25:04,000 --> 00:25:09,070
1427
+ ู…ุด ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ movement ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงู„ weightof
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:25:09,070 --> 00:25:13,350
1431
+ the limb ู…ุน ุงู„ muscle ุงู„ power of hamstring
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:25:13,350 --> 00:25:18,250
1435
+ ุงุชูˆุงุฒู†ุช ู…ุน ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ therapist ุงูƒูŠุฏ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:25:18,250 --> 00:25:23,730
1439
+ ู‡ู†ุญุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ static movement ูˆ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนูŠู†ู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:25:23,730 --> 00:25:27,650
1443
+ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฒุงุฏุช ุนู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุงูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:25:27,650 --> 00:25:31,190
1447
+ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูŠุง ุงู…ุง ููŠ ุงุชุฌุงู‡ reflection of the knee ุงูˆ ุงู„
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:25:31,190 --> 00:25:37,060
1451
+ extension of the kneeIdentification and
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:25:37,060 --> 00:25:41,060
1455
+ characterization of the external force applied to
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:25:41,060 --> 00:25:43,980
1459
+ a joint during activity help a clinician to
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:25:43,980 --> 00:25:47,400
1463
+ determine the muscle or ligament needed to move or
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:25:47,400 --> 00:25:54,030
1467
+ stabilize joint ุทุจุนุง many jointsุนุดุงู† ุชุญุฑูƒ ู…ุซู„ุง
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:25:54,030 --> 00:26:01,090
1471
+ ู…ูุตู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู…ุญุชุงุฌ ุงู†ู‡ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงูˆ ุชุฏุงุฎู„ ู…ู† ู…ูุงุตู„
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:26:01,090 --> 00:26:04,290
1475
+ ุงุฎุฑู‰ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ many joints in the body sustain very
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:26:04,290 --> 00:26:07,990
1479
+ large joint reaction force during normal daily
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:26:07,990 --> 00:26:10,810
1483
+ activity ู„ุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ daily activity ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:26:10,810 --> 00:26:14,090
1487
+ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ open chain ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:26:14,090 --> 00:26:17,420
1491
+ ุงู„ closed chainุนุดุงู† ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ู…ุดูŠ ููŠ ุญุงู„ ููŠ
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:26:17,420 --> 00:26:20,000
1495
+ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ locomotion ููŠ ุฑุฌู„ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:26:20,000 --> 00:26:24,500
1499
+ ุงู„ุฃุฑุถ ูˆ ููŠ ุฑุฌู„ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุช .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:26:24,500 --> 00:26:29,780
1503
+ ุจุชู†ุชู‚ู„ ู‡ู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ forces ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงูˆ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:26:29,780 --> 00:26:34,800
1507
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุญุฏุฏ ุงู„ .. ู…ูŠู† ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุฏุฎู„ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ joints
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:26:34,800 --> 00:26:39,560
1511
+ ู‡ูˆุทุจุนุง ุฅูŠุด ุทุจูŠุนุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงู„
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:26:39,560 --> 00:26:42,980
1515
+ surface area over which the joint reaction force
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:26:42,980 --> 00:26:45,620
1519
+ is applied to determine the stress ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:26:45,620 --> 00:26:50,060
1523
+ force ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ area that the joint sustained during
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:26:50,060 --> 00:26:55,670
1527
+ the activityู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุฅู†ู‡ ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุงู„ stress ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠุชุนุฑุถ
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:26:55,670 --> 00:27:02,090
1531
+ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู‚ูˆุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌุงูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:27:02,090 --> 00:27:06,430
1535
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ area ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู† ุฅู†ู‡ ููŠ ุชู†ุงุณุจ ุนูƒุณูŠ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:27:06,430 --> 00:27:12,230
1539
+ ููŠ .. ููŠ .. ุจูŠู† ุงู„ area ูˆ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ stressChanges in
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:27:12,230 --> 00:27:15,170
1543
+ the joint surface or alignment can alter the
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:27:15,170 --> 00:27:18,390
1547
+ stress applied on the joint ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู„ูˆ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:27:18,390 --> 00:27:24,030
1551
+ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ knee joint ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:27:24,030 --> 00:27:30,420
1555
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู‚ุฑุจุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ูƒุงู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉููŠ ุงู„ disk ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:27:30,420 --> 00:27:35,800
1559
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ุจุฉ ุทุจุนุง ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุญูŠุตู„ ููŠู‡ ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:27:35,800 --> 00:27:41,080
1563
+ forces ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ุฑู‚ุจุฉ ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ู„
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:27:41,080 --> 00:27:45,820
1567
+ pain ุฃูˆ degeneration ููŠ ุงู„ุฑู‚ุจุฉ
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:27:53,930 --> 00:27:56,950
1571
+ ุทุจ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ joint reaction forces that occur during
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:27:56,950 --> 00:28:00,630
1575
+ exercise and functional activity influence by rest
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:28:00,630 --> 00:28:03,890
1579
+ factors ุฒูŠ ุงู„ joint position ูˆ method of
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:28:03,890 --> 00:28:07,790
1583
+ application ูˆ external forces ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:28:07,790 --> 00:28:11,770
1587
+ ุนู† ุงู„ moment ุจุณ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ ู„ูˆ ููŠ ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ knee ุงูˆ ุงู„ู‚ู„ู…
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:28:11,770 --> 00:28:14,670
1591
+ ูˆ ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ knee ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ force ุงู„ู„ูŠ applied
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:28:14,670 --> 00:28:20,430
1595
+ by the therapist ู‚ุฑูŠุจุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ kneeู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ moment R
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:28:20,430 --> 00:28:24,550
1599
+ ุตุบูŠุฑ ูุงู„ force ุงู„ู†ุฌู„ุฉ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ู‡ุชุฎุชู„ู ุทุจุนุง
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:28:24,550 --> 00:28:29,270
1603
+ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ force ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู†ูุณู‡ ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:28:29,270 --> 00:28:33,530
1607
+ force ุงู„ู„ูŠ applied ู…ู† ุงู„ therapist ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ lower
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:28:33,530 --> 00:28:37,530
1611
+ legู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ุชุจุฏุฃ ุดูˆูŠุฉ ุดุฑุญ ุนู…ู„ูŠุŒ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ moment
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:28:37,530 --> 00:28:41,590
1615
+ arm ูƒุจูŠุฑุŒ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ moment ุงู„ู†ุงุชุฌ ู‡ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุจุฑ ูˆ ุจุญุชุงุฌ
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:28:41,590 --> 00:28:48,230
1619
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ู‚ูˆุฉ ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุนุดุงู† ุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉุŒ
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:28:48,230 --> 00:28:55,170
1623
+ ุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ joint ู†ูุณู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:28:55,170 --> 00:28:58,250
1627
+ clinicians must design ุงู„ exercise and functional
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:28:58,250 --> 00:29:02,530
1631
+ activity that minimize reaction for to protect the
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:29:02,530 --> 00:29:06,180
1635
+ joint surfaceุฅู†ู‡ ุฅุญู†ุง ู„ูˆ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู„ knee
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:29:06,180 --> 00:29:10,760
1639
+ extensionุŒ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู„ุณู‡ ุงู„ knee ู…ุด completely
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:29:10,760 --> 00:29:15,360
1643
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ healedุŒ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ protectionุŒ ูุงู„ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:29:15,360 --> 00:29:18,680
1647
+ ุชุจุนุชู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ู„ู„ moment RุŒ
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:29:18,680 --> 00:29:23,510
1651
+ ู†ู‚ู„ู„ risk of injuryู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒู†ุง ู‚ุงุนุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ later
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:29:23,510 --> 00:29:27,210
1655
+ stage ุฃูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ู…ุฑุถ ุนุงู…ู„ุง ุจูŠุชุนุงูู‰ ูˆ ุงู„ muscle power
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:29:27,210 --> 00:29:31,690
1659
+ ูˆุตู„ุช ุนู†ุฏู‡ ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ 4 ูˆ ู†ุตู ู„ 4 ูˆ ุฎู…ุณุฉ ูุฅุญู†ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:29:31,690 --> 00:29:35,090
1663
+ ุฃุจุนุฏู†ุง ุจุฅูŠุฏู†ุง ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ moment ูˆ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:29:35,090 --> 00:29:39,170
1667
+ force ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุญุชุฌูˆุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ human body ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:29:39,170 --> 00:29:43,750
1671
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 150 ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ interaction between the joints
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:29:43,750 --> 00:29:48,450
1675
+ and the environmentsููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง 150 joint
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:29:48,450 --> 00:29:51,690
1679
+ moment of one joint affect several nearby joint
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:29:51,690 --> 00:29:56,850
1683
+ ุทุจูŠุนูŠ this particularly true when movingู„ู†ุจ ุงุฐุง
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:29:56,850 --> 00:30:00,090
1687
+ ูƒุงู† ุงุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† closed chain ุงูˆ open chain ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู†
1688
+
1689
+ 423
1690
+ 00:30:00,090 --> 00:30:05,650
1691
+ fixed ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ู„ู…ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู† ู†ุนู…ู„ elbow flexion ู„ูˆ
1692
+
1693
+ 424
1694
+ 00:30:05,650 --> 00:30:08,830
1695
+ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ุงูŠุฏ ู…ู…ุชูˆุถุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌู†ุจ ุจุณ ุจุญุชุงุฌ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนู…ู„
1696
+
1697
+ 425
1698
+ 00:30:08,830 --> 00:30:12,850
1699
+ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ elbow ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู‡ูˆ ููŠ closed ู…ุซู„ุง
1700
+
1701
+ 426
1702
+ 00:30:12,850 --> 00:30:18,130
1703
+ ุงูŠุฏู‡ ู…ุญุทูˆุทุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ punch ุงูˆ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
1704
+
1705
+ 427
1706
+ 00:30:18,130 --> 00:30:23,910
1707
+ wall ูู…ู…ูƒู† ู‡ูˆ ู…ุด ู‡ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุนู…ู„ flexion ุงู„ุง ุงุฐุง ุญุฑูƒ ุงู„
1708
+
1709
+ 428
1710
+ 00:30:23,910 --> 00:30:28,590
1711
+ wrist ูˆ ุงู„ุดูˆุฑุฏุงู†for example when one is standing
1712
+
1713
+ 429
1714
+ 00:30:28,590 --> 00:30:32,410
1715
+ upright, the arm at the side of the bodyุŒ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
1716
+
1717
+ 430
1718
+ 00:30:32,410 --> 00:30:35,650
1719
+ hand freeุŒ reflection of the knee ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ู†
1720
+
1721
+ 431
1722
+ 00:30:35,650 --> 00:30:38,970
1723
+ ุบูŠุฑ ุฃูŠ interaction ู…ู† ุงู„ other jointsุŒ ู„ุง ู…ู†
1724
+
1725
+ 432
1726
+ 00:30:38,970 --> 00:30:41,590
1727
+ ุงู„ุดoulder ูˆู„ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ wristุŒ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ุงู„ elbow
1728
+
1729
+ 433
1730
+ 00:30:42,090 --> 00:30:47,430
1731
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ hand ููŠ claws ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ push up ุฃูˆ
1732
+
1733
+ 434
1734
+ 00:30:47,430 --> 00:30:50,770
1735
+ ุญุงุทุท ุฅูŠุฏู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุงุช ู…ุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุนู…ู„ affliction ุฅู„ุง
1736
+
1737
+ 435
1738
+ 00:30:50,770 --> 00:30:54,310
1739
+ ุฅุฐุง ุงุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ wrist ูˆ ุงุชุญุฑูƒ ุงู„ shoulder ูู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู…ูƒู†
1740
+
1741
+ 436
1742
+ 00:30:54,310 --> 00:30:57,430
1743
+ ูƒู„ ูƒูˆุง ุชุฌุฑุจูˆุง ุงู„ push ups ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู†
1744
+
1745
+ 437
1746
+ 00:30:57,430 --> 00:31:01,820
1747
+ ุงู„ุดoulder ุนุดุงู† ูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุชู†ูŠ ูˆ ูŠูุฑุฏ ุงู„ูƒูˆุงุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„
1748
+
1749
+ 438
1750
+ 00:31:01,820 --> 00:31:05,320
1751
+ first case ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ hand free ูู‡ูˆ
1752
+
1753
+ 439
1754
+ 00:31:05,320 --> 00:31:09,120
1755
+ open chain ุฃูˆ open kinematic ุฃูˆ open kinetic chain
1756
+
1757
+ 440
1758
+ 00:31:09,120 --> 00:31:15,240
1759
+ ู„ูƒู† ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ ุงู„ุจุง .. ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ hand on a
1760
+
1761
+ 441
1762
+ 00:31:15,240 --> 00:31:19,700
1763
+ surface ููŠ ุงู„ push up ูุจูŠุณู…ู‰ ุงู„ closed kinetic
1764
+
1765
+ 442
1766
+ 00:31:19,700 --> 00:31:25,140
1767
+ chain ุฃูˆ closed kinematic ุฃูˆ closed chainู‡ุฐุง
1768
+
1769
+ 443
1770
+ 00:31:25,140 --> 00:31:29,040
1771
+ ุจูŠู†ุทุจู‚ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ lower limb ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„
1772
+
1773
+ 444
1774
+ 00:31:29,040 --> 00:31:32,240
1775
+ standing position ู…ุซู„ุง ู„ู„ squat ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ knee
1776
+
1777
+ 445
1778
+ 00:31:32,240 --> 00:31:35,140
1779
+ flexion ู…ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ุนู…ู„ ุงู„ knee flexion ุงู„ุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ููŠ
1780
+
1781
+ 446
1782
+ 00:31:35,140 --> 00:31:39,220
1783
+ ุฏูˆุฑุณ ุงู„ flexion ููŠ ุงู„ ankle ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง flexion of
1784
+
1785
+ 447
1786
+ 00:31:39,220 --> 00:31:43,100
1787
+ the hip ุจูŠู†ู…ุง ุงู„ุง ุงุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ุดุฎุต ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ุงูˆ
1788
+
1789
+ 448
1790
+ 00:31:43,680 --> 00:31:48,640
1791
+ ูˆู‚ู ุนู„ู‰ one limb ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุนู…ู„ ุงู†ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู…ุงุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑุด
1792
+
1793
+ 449
1794
+ 00:31:48,640 --> 00:31:50,720
1795
+ ูŠุนู…ู„ knee flexion ููŠ ุงู„ูˆู‚ูˆู ุฅู„ุง ุฅุฐุง ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰
1796
+
1797
+ 450
1798
+ 00:31:50,720 --> 00:31:54,860
1799
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุนู…ู„ performance ู„ knee flexion ู„ูˆ
1800
+
1801
+ 451
1802
+ 00:31:54,860 --> 00:31:57,960
1803
+ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ this is described as a closed chain
1804
+
1805
+ 452
1806
+ 00:31:57,960 --> 00:32:01,620
1807
+ conditionSince the movement joint of the upper
1808
+
1809
+ 453
1810
+ 00:32:01,620 --> 00:32:05,600
1811
+ extremity lie between relatively immovable load on
1812
+
1813
+ 454
1814
+ 00:32:05,600 --> 00:32:08,700
1815
+ the floor ุทุจุนุง movement of any joint in the closed
1816
+
1817
+ 455
1818
+ 00:32:08,700 --> 00:32:15,320
1819
+ chain ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุชุฏุฎู„ ููŠู‡ุง other joints ุทุจุนุง lower
1820
+
1821
+ 456
1822
+ 00:32:15,320 --> 00:32:18,380
1823
+ extremity ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ function ููŠ ุงู„ open ูˆ ููŠ ุงู„
1824
+
1825
+ 457
1826
+ 00:32:18,380 --> 00:32:22,540
1827
+ closedmuscle, shape, condition ุทุจุนุง ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ูƒู„ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง
1828
+
1829
+ 458
1830
+ 00:32:22,540 --> 00:32:26,560
1831
+ ุจู†ุดูˆูู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ locomotion ุทุจุนุง ุงุฐุง ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„
1832
+
1833
+ 459
1834
+ 00:32:26,560 --> 00:32:31,840
1835
+ kicking ู„ู„ ball ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ูŠุฌูŠ ู†ุถุฑุจ ุงู„ ball the end of
1836
+
1837
+ 460
1838
+ 00:32:31,840 --> 00:32:35,360
1839
+ the kicking lead is not flex ุทุจุนุง ุงู† ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ููŠ
1840
+
1841
+ 461
1842
+ 00:32:35,360 --> 00:32:39,120
1843
+ ุงู„ open chain ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู…ุงุจุชุดุชุบู„ุด ู…ุนุชู…ุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1844
+
1845
+ 462
1846
+ 00:32:39,120 --> 00:32:43,560
1847
+ ุงู„ุฃูุฑุงุฏ ูƒู„ ู…ูุตู„ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„ ู„ุญุงู„ู‡ independentare
1848
+
1849
+ 463
1850
+ 00:32:43,560 --> 00:32:47,620
1851
+ independent of one another ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุนุชู…ุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰ ุจุนุถ ุฃู…ุง
1852
+
1853
+ 464
1854
+ 00:32:47,620 --> 00:32:51,820
1855
+ ููŠ ุงู„ sensing ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุฑุฌู„ ุงู„ูˆุงู‚ุน ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฃูŠ ู…ูุตู„
1856
+
1857
+ 465
1858
+ 00:32:51,820 --> 00:32:56,700
1859
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ู„ุงุฒู… ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠ
1860
+
1861
+ 466
1862
+ 00:32:58,040 --> 00:33:01,060
1863
+ For example, flexion of the stance knee requires
1864
+
1865
+ 467
1866
+ 00:33:01,060 --> 00:33:04,840
1867
+ ankle dorsiflexion and hip flexion
1868
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/S4YmK5W4O6Q.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1687 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,180 --> 00:00:03,560
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:03,560 --> 00:00:07,800
7
+ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู„ูŠู† ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุขู„ู‡ ูˆุตุญุจู‡ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ุงุณุชูƒู…ู„ู†ุง
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:07,800 --> 00:00:11,880
11
+ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุณุงู‚ ุงู„ู€ bio mechanics two ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูˆุตู„ู†ุง
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:11,880 --> 00:00:18,040
15
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุญุทุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ bio mechanics of joints
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:18,040 --> 00:00:21,180
19
+ ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ joints ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ stability
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:21,180 --> 00:00:25,900
23
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ู€ joints ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ flexibility ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุชุนุฑู
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:25,900 --> 00:00:32,760
27
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ู€ joints ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:32,760 --> 00:00:36,540
31
+ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ joint ุงู„ู€ joint ู‡ูˆ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:36,540 --> 00:00:41,080
35
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู€ site of motion between ุงู„ู€ articulating
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:41,080 --> 00:00:44,440
39
+ bone ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจู†ูู‡ู… ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ joint ู‡ูˆ ุชุนุฑูŠูู‡ ู‡ูˆ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:44,440 --> 00:00:49,440
43
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุจุท two bones ุฃูˆ two bone
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:49,440 --> 00:00:55,190
47
+ ends ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ bone ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุด ุจุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุดุจูˆูƒูŠู† ู…ุน
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:55,190 --> 00:01:00,350
51
+ ุจุนุถ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃูŠ ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:00,350 --> 00:01:03,710
55
+ ู…ุฑุจุทุงู‡ู… ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ู€ connective tissue structure
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:03,710 --> 00:01:07,810
59
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ integrity of the
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:07,810 --> 00:01:11,780
63
+ junction ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ movement ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:11,780 --> 00:01:14,460
67
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ู€ joint ุงู„ู€ joint ู„ุงุฒู…
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:14,460 --> 00:01:18,440
71
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู…ุชู‘ุน ุจุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุฃุณุงุณูŠุงุช ุงู„ู€ mobility ูˆ ุงู„ู€
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:18,440 --> 00:01:21,980
75
+ stability ุทุจุนุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุชุญุฏูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃูŠ ู…ูุตู„
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:21,980 --> 00:01:27,180
79
+ ุงุญู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุฏูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู€ mobility ูˆ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:27,180 --> 00:01:30,240
83
+ ุงู„ู€ stability ูƒูŠู ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ mobility
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:30,240 --> 00:01:34,400
87
+ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ stabilityุŸ ู…ุง ููŠุด ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„ุงุซู†ุชูŠู† ุงุญู†ุง
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:34,400 --> 00:01:38,140
91
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ููŠ ุชู†ุงุณุจ ุนูƒุณูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ mobility ูˆ ุงู„ู€
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:38,140 --> 00:01:41,740
95
+ stability ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ู€ mobility ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„ู€
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:41,740 --> 00:01:45,680
99
+ stability ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠ ูˆู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:45,680 --> 00:01:52,530
103
+ ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุนูŠุฏุง ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:52,530 --> 00:01:55,570
107
+ ุงู„ู€ mobility ูˆ ุงู„ู€ stability ู‡ุชุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ู…ูุตู„ ู„ู…ูุตู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:01:55,570 --> 00:02:00,050
111
+ ู‡ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูƒุซูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ู…ูุงุตู„ ุซุงุจุชุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ูˆ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:00,050 --> 00:02:03,210
115
+ stability ููŠู‡ุง ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ mobility
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:03,210 --> 00:02:10,730
119
+ ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุงู‹ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:10,730 --> 00:02:14,680
123
+ skull ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„ู€ joints ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู€ skull
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:14,680 --> 00:02:19,360
127
+ ู‡ูŠ ุฅู†ู‘ ุฎู„ู‚ ุฑุจู†ุง ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡ ูˆุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุฎู„ู‚ู‡ุง ุญุชู‰ ุช .. ุชูƒูˆู†
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:19,360 --> 00:02:24,460
131
+ ุช .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูˆุฌุฏ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ู„ู†ู…ูˆ .. ู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ู…ุด
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:24,460 --> 00:02:28,520
135
+ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู†ู‘ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠู†ูˆู„ุฏ ุจุฌู…ุฌู…ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:28,520 --> 00:02:31,580
139
+ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูุงู†ุชุฑูƒุช ุงู„ูุชุญุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:31,580 --> 00:02:35,420
143
+ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุชุณู…ุญ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:35,420 --> 00:02:39,920
147
+ ุฃุณุงุณุง ูุชุญุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุถุบุท ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ุงุฏ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:39,920 --> 00:02:44,860
151
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ growing ุฃูˆ ู…ุน ุงู„ู€ age ุจุชุช .. ุจุชุชุณูƒุฑ ูˆ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:44,860 --> 00:02:51,910
155
+ ุจุชุตุจุญ ู…ูุงุตู„ ุดุจู‡ ุซุงุจุชุฉ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:51,910 --> 00:02:57,330
159
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ shoulder ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ hip joint ูู‡ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง mobility
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:57,330 --> 00:03:01,910
163
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณู…ุญ ุจุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ููŠ range
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:01,910 --> 00:03:05,910
167
+ of motion ูˆ wide range of motion ูุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุณู‡
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:05,910 --> 00:03:10,650
171
+ stable ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ glenohumeral joint of
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:10,650 --> 00:03:14,880
175
+ the shoulder ูู‡ูˆุงูƒุซุฑ ุฌูˆูŠู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‡ูˆ mobile
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:14,880 --> 00:03:19,100
179
+ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุงูƒุซุฑ ุฌูˆูŠู†ุช ู„ุณู‡ stableุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชู…ุชุน
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:19,100 --> 00:03:24,260
183
+ ุจู€ mobility ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ stability ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฃู‚ู„
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:24,260 --> 00:03:27,800
187
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:27,800 --> 00:03:32,840
191
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ stability ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู€ mobility ุงู„ู€ most
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:32,840 --> 00:03:37,560
195
+ movable joint must demonstrate combination between
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:37,560 --> 00:03:41,630
199
+ stability and mobility ุนุดุงู† ุงู† ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง stable
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:41,630 --> 00:03:46,450
203
+ movement ุงู„ู€ stable movement ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุชู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:46,450 --> 00:03:52,190
207
+ function ุทูŠุจ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุฃู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ุฃู†ุง ุงุญู…ู„ ุดุบู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:52,190 --> 00:03:56,390
211
+ ุจุฅูŠุฏูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุซุจุงุช ููŠ ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ูƒุชู ู…ุซู„ุงู‹
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:56,390 --> 00:03:59,530
215
+ ุนุดุงู† ุขูƒู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุซุจุงุช ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ู€
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:59,530 --> 00:04:03,510
219
+ upper limb ุนุดุงู† ุฃู…ุดูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:03,510 --> 00:04:07,740
223
+ motion ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฃู†ุง ุจุชู…ู†ู‰ ุฃู† ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:07,740 --> 00:04:11,140
227
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† functional ูˆ ุงู„ู€ function ุจุฏู‡ุง stability
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:11,140 --> 00:04:14,660
231
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ูŠ ุฅุฐุง ุจุฏูŠ ุฃู…ุณูƒ ูƒูˆุจุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุงูŠ ูˆุฃุดุฑุจ ูˆุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูˆู‚ุน
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:14,660 --> 00:04:17,760
235
+ ู…ู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูˆู‚ุน ุณุฎู†ุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุญุฑู‚ู†ูŠ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุฃ ุฃู†ุง
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:17,760 --> 00:04:21,820
239
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ู…ูุตู„ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฃุชู…ูƒู†ู‘ูŠ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃู…ุณูƒ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:21,820 --> 00:04:26,080
243
+ ูƒูˆุจุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุงูŠ ุฃุชู†ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุฃูˆุตู„ู‡ุง ู„ ูู…ูŠ
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:26,080 --> 00:04:30,540
247
+ ูˆุฃุดุฑุจู‡ุง ูˆุฃุฑุฌุนู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ mobility
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:30,540 --> 00:04:34,580
251
+ ูˆู„ุงู‘ุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู…ุงู† as well stability ุทุจุนุง ุดูƒู„ the
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:34,580 --> 00:04:37,660
255
+ structure of the joint must be able to support a
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:37,660 --> 00:04:41,860
259
+ wide range of function from extreme stability
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:41,860 --> 00:04:46,790
263
+ ู„ุฃู‚ุตู‰ mobility ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:46,790 --> 00:04:51,070
267
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ suture ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ skull ู„ุงุฒู…
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:51,070 --> 00:04:55,510
271
+ ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง stability ู„ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ู…ุด ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู†ุฎุจุท ุฎุจุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ู†ุชุนุฑุถ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:55,510 --> 00:04:59,710
275
+ ู„ุฃูŠ trauma ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‘ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฉ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:59,710 --> 00:05:02,950
279
+ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ brain ุงู„ู€ brain ู‡ูˆ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู€
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:02,950 --> 00:05:07,110
283
+ monitor ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู‚ุจู„ ูˆ ุจูŠุฑุณู„ ูƒู„
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:07,110 --> 00:05:12,920
287
+ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุญุณูŠุฉ ูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ู€ central nervous system
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:12,920 --> 00:05:17,140
291
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุทุจุนุง ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุฃูˆุงู…ุฑู‡ ูˆุจูŠุชู„ู‚ู‰
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:17,140 --> 00:05:23,560
295
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูƒู„ู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุชุฎุชู„ู ู‡ู„ู‘ุฃ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุงู„ู€
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:23,560 --> 00:05:28,740
299
+ structure ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู€ stability and mobility ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:28,740 --> 00:05:32,860
303
+ architecture ุทุจุนุง ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ูƒู„ ู…ูุตู„ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุชู‡
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:32,860 --> 00:05:37,240
307
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ูƒู… plan of movement could this
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:37,620 --> 00:05:43,500
311
+ joint play or work or do a function ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:43,500 --> 00:05:49,200
315
+ anatomists ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠุญ ู‚ุณู…ูˆุง
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:49,200 --> 00:05:57,260
319
+ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู„ุนุฏุฉ ุฃู‚ุณุงู… based on the motion ุฒูŠ ุฃุฎุฐูˆุง ุงู„ู€
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:57,260 --> 00:06:00,420
323
+ immovable ูˆ ุงู„ู€ slightly movable ูˆ ุงู„ู€ freely
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:00,420 --> 00:06:05,330
327
+ movable ุทุจ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ immovable ูˆุณู…ู‘ูˆู‡ู… syn
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:05,330 --> 00:06:09,430
331
+ arthrosis joints ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ fibrous joints permit
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:09,430 --> 00:06:13,290
335
+ little or no movement of the articulation ู…ู†
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:13,290 --> 00:06:17,050
339
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ suture joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:17,050 --> 00:06:21,190
343
+ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ู€ skull ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุคูˆู„ุฉ ุนู†
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:21,190 --> 00:06:25,950
347
+ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ brain inside and this joint articulating
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:25,950 --> 00:06:33,080
351
+ bone sheets met closely and are tightly connected
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:33,080 --> 00:06:38,020
355
+ by fibers that are continuous with the periosteum
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:38,020 --> 00:06:44,780
359
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฎูŠูˆุท ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ fibers ู…ุดุจูˆูƒุฉ ู…ุน
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:44,780 --> 00:06:48,740
363
+ ุงู„ู€ periosteum ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ sutures
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:48,740 --> 00:06:53,840
367
+ ุฃูˆ ุบุฑุฒ ูƒุฏู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงุญู†ุง
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:53,840 --> 00:06:58,670
371
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุงูƒูŠู†ุฉ ูˆุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุฏุฑุฒุฉ ูƒุฏู‡ ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„ู€
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:58,670 --> 00:07:04,230
375
+ bone ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุชู„ุชุฆู… ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ossified ููŠ ุงู„ู€ adulthood
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:04,230 --> 00:07:09,250
379
+ ุจุชุชุญูˆู„ ู„ู€ ossification ุจุทู„ ููŠู‡ ูุชุญุงุช ุฃูˆ ููˆุงุฑู‚ and
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:09,250 --> 00:07:13,270
383
+ eventually replaced by completely by bone ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:13,270 --> 00:07:17,570
387
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ูˆู„ุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ู€ baby ุฃูˆ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุงุฏูŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:17,570 --> 00:07:21,650
391
+ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุฃูˆ ู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ุฃูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุน ูุชุญุงุช
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:21,650 --> 00:07:25,370
395
+ ุงู„ู€ fontanels ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ู‘ูˆู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ .. ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ูˆ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:25,370 --> 00:07:29,150
399
+ ุจุงู„ุจู„ุฏูŠ ุฃู†ูุฎ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุญุณู‘ู‡ ุจู†ุญุณ ูƒุฃู†ู‘ู‡ ููŠู‡
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:29,150 --> 00:07:33,910
403
+ membrane ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู€ frontal part of the skull
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:33,910 --> 00:07:39,500
407
+ ูˆุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ูˆุณุท ุงู„ู€ skull ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุณ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:39,500 --> 00:07:44,480
411
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ syndesmosis joint ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:44,480 --> 00:07:49,500
415
+ dense fiber tissue ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุจุท two bones
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:49,500 --> 00:07:53,700
419
+ together ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ movement ูƒุซูŠุฑ limited ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:53,700 --> 00:07:57,100
423
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:57,100 --> 00:08:02,040
427
+ ู…ุชุฌุงูˆุฑุฉ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ู…ุซู„ ู„ู‡ุง ุซุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ู€ coracoacromial
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:02,040 --> 00:08:04,980
431
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ู€ coracoid process ูˆุงู„ุฃูƒุฑูˆู…ูŠูˆู†
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:04,980 --> 00:08:09,480
435
+ process ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ุชุตูŠุฑุด ุฃู†ู‘ู‡ุง ุฒูˆุงุฌุงู† ู„ู€ movement ุฃุซู†ุงุก
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:09,480 --> 00:08:13,940
439
+ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู€ shoulder ูˆ ุงู„ู€ radio ulnar ุงู„ู€ mid radio
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:13,940 --> 00:08:17,640
443
+ ulnar joints ูƒู…ุงู† joint ูˆ ุงู„ู€ mid tibiofibular
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:17,640 --> 00:08:20,840
447
+ joint ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ู€ inferior
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:20,840 --> 00:08:25,100
451
+ tibiofibular joints ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฒูŠ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:25,100 --> 00:08:30,730
455
+ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฑุจุท ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุงู„ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู†
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:30,730 --> 00:08:34,030
459
+ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ู€ fibula ู„ูˆ ุชูŠุจูŠุง ุจุชุญุฑูƒูˆุง
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:34,030 --> 00:08:37,430
463
+ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆูƒุฏู‡ ุงู„ูƒูŠุฑูŠุฏูŠุง ูˆู„ุฃู†ู‘ ุงู„ู€ fibula ู‡ู… ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู€
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:37,430 --> 00:08:41,970
467
+ supination ูˆ ุงู„ู€ pronation ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฑุงุจุท
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:41,970 --> 00:08:47,050
471
+ ุญุชู‰ ู‡ุฐูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุธู…ุชูŠู† ู…ุง ูŠู†ููƒูˆุง ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุงู„ู€ slightly
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:47,050 --> 00:08:51,590
475
+ movable joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ู‘ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู€ amphiarthrosis joint
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:51,590 --> 00:08:55,970
479
+ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† cartilaginous joints permit more motion ุฃูˆ more
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:55,970 --> 00:09:00,850
483
+ motion of the adjacent bone ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู† ุฃุฑุถูŠุงู„
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:00,850 --> 00:09:06,130
487
+ joints ุทุจุนุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ synchondrosis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุซุงู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:06,710 --> 00:09:12,510
491
+ ุงู„ู€ sternocostal joints ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู€ epiphyseal plate
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:12,510 --> 00:09:17,050
495
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุญุชู‰ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:17,050 --> 00:09:22,910
499
+ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆุชุทูˆุฑ ู„ู„ุจูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงุจุชุฏูƒ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:22,910 --> 00:09:27,530
503
+ ูุชุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุทูˆู„ ูˆุชูˆุงูƒุจ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:27,530 --> 00:09:31,890
507
+ ู‡ูˆ ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† thin
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:31,890 --> 00:09:35,170
511
+ layer of hyaline cartilage
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:38,830 --> 00:09:43,710
515
+ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€Symphysis ูู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€Pubic Symphysis
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:43,710 --> 00:09:49,590
519
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุจุท two pubic bones of the pelvic bone ููŠ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:49,590 --> 00:09:52,890
523
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€Symphysis ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุซู†ุจู„ุงุช ุฃูˆููŠุงู„ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุฏุณูƒ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:09:52,890 --> 00:09:57,310
527
+ ูƒุฏู‡ ุนุงู…ู„ separated a disc of fibro cartilage from the
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:09:57,310 --> 00:10:01,930
531
+ bone ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุถู…ุชูŠู† ูˆููŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูƒุฏู‡ ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:01,930 --> 00:10:08,590
535
+ disk ูƒุฏู‡ ุฃูˆ ู‚ุฑุต ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:08,590 --> 00:10:13,110
539
+ ุญุชู‰ ูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุถู…ุชูŠู† ูˆุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูŠูุตู„
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:13,110 --> 00:10:18,850
543
+ ุนุถู…ุชูŠู† ุนู† ุจุนุถ ูˆูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูุตู„ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:18,850 --> 00:10:22,150
547
+ disc ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ intervertebral disc ูˆุฒูŠ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:22,150 --> 00:10:27,590
551
+ ุงู„Pubic symphysis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุถุญ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:28,520 --> 00:10:33,080
555
+ ุงู„ freely movable joints ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ Diarthrosis or
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:33,080 --> 00:10:38,580
559
+ Synovial joints ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู…ุนุธู… ู…ูุงุตู„ ุฌุณู…
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:38,580 --> 00:10:42,420
563
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ู…ูุงุตู„ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณู…ุญ ุจุงู„
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:42,420 --> 00:10:46,180
567
+ functional movementุŒ ุงู„ locomotionุŒ ุงู„ .. ูƒู„
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:46,180 --> 00:10:48,320
571
+ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ daily activity
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:48,320 --> 00:10:52,520
575
+ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ joints
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:10:52,880 --> 00:10:57,400
579
+ ุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณุฏ ูŠุชู… ุชุบุทูŠุชู‡ ุจุงู„ู€ Articular
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:10:57,400 --> 00:11:01,980
583
+ Cartilage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุงู„ูŠู† ูƒุงุฑุชูŠู„ุงุฌ ูˆุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ูƒู…ุงู†
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:01,980 --> 00:11:06,420
587
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง Synovial Membrane
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:06,420 --> 00:11:10,600
591
+ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง Synovial Fluid inside ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Synovial
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:10,600 --> 00:11:13,740
595
+ Membrane ุฃูˆ Lining ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ lubrication
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:14,790 --> 00:11:19,510
599
+ ุงู„ุณูŠู†ูˆููŠุงู„ ุงู„ูู„ูˆุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ Knee ุฒูŠ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:19,510 --> 00:11:22,850
603
+ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง capsule ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:22,850 --> 00:11:25,910
607
+ Synovial membrane ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง Synovial cavity ูˆ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:25,910 --> 00:11:29,090
611
+ ุงู„ Synovial cavity ุจุชูƒูˆู† full of Synovial fluid
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:29,090 --> 00:11:31,670
615
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง cartilage ุทุจู‚ุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:31,670 --> 00:11:35,680
619
+ cartilage ุทุจู‚ุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ cartilageุŒ ุงู„
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:35,680 --> 00:11:41,940
623
+ cartilage ุญุชู‰ ูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ู…ุน ุงู„ .. ุญุชู‰ ูŠู…ู†ุน
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:41,940 --> 00:11:44,000
627
+ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ู…ุน ุงู„ two bones
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:48,650 --> 00:11:52,450
631
+ ุทุจุนุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง many types of synovial joints ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:52,450 --> 00:11:55,390
635
+ ุงู„ gliding joints ููŠ in these joints the
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:55,390 --> 00:12:00,350
639
+ articulating bone surface are nearly flat ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:00,350 --> 00:12:04,510
643
+ gliding ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุณ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:04,510 --> 00:12:09,850
647
+ ูู‚ุท ูˆู‡ูŠ non-axial gliding ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุทุจุนุง
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:09,850 --> 00:12:13,030
651
+ examples include intermetatarsal ูˆุงู„
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:13,030 --> 00:12:17,800
655
+ intermetacarpal ูˆุงู„ intertarsal joints ูˆุงู„ู€ facet
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:17,800 --> 00:12:21,380
659
+ joints ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ vertebral ู‡ูŠ ู…ุซู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:21,380 --> 00:12:28,440
663
+ gliding joints ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ hinge joint ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:28,440 --> 00:12:32,600
667
+ mobility ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง two surfaces
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:32,600 --> 00:12:38,460
671
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง convex ูˆู…ู†ู‡ุง concave surface ุทุจุนุง ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู†
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:38,460 --> 00:12:44,060
675
+ two ends of the bone ู…ุฑุจุทูŠู† ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ strong ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุชุฑู‰
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:44,060 --> 00:12:48,030
679
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠู† ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ Restriction ู„ู„
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:48,030 --> 00:12:52,590
683
+ movement ููŠ ุงู„ plane ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:52,590 --> 00:12:58,450
687
+ hinge-like motion ุงู„ example ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ ulnar humeral
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:58,450 --> 00:13:01,330
691
+ joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ elbow joint ูˆุงู„ interphalangeal
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:01,330 --> 00:13:06,830
695
+ joint ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ pivot joint ูู‡ูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ rotation ุทุจุนุง
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:06,830 --> 00:13:09,510
699
+ ุฅุญู†ุง ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ joints ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:09,510 --> 00:13:14,710
703
+ ููŠู‡ุง limited ููŠ plane ู…ุนูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจุชุณู…ุญ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:14,710 --> 00:13:18,230
707
+ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ hinge joint ุจุณู…ุญ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ููŠ one
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:18,230 --> 00:13:22,290
711
+ plane ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ sagittal plane ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ pivot joint
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:22,290 --> 00:13:26,490
715
+ ูู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุจุณู…ุญู„ู‡ ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ rotation ุงู„ rotation
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:26,490 --> 00:13:30,950
719
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ horizontal plane ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:30,950 --> 00:13:34,810
723
+ rotation around an axis ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:34,810 --> 00:13:38,810
727
+ ุงู„atlanto axial joint ูˆุงู„ proximal ูˆุงู„ distal
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:38,810 --> 00:13:42,490
731
+ radio ulnar joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ supination
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:42,490 --> 00:13:46,070
735
+ ูˆุงู„ pronation ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ atlanto axial ูู‡ูŠ movement
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:46,070 --> 00:13:50,530
739
+ of the neck in right and left rotation ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุดูƒู„ ุงู„
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:13:50,530 --> 00:13:54,450
743
+ hinge joint ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุซู„ ู„ู„
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:13:54,450 --> 00:13:58,790
747
+ elbow joint ุฃู…ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ pivot ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุงู† around
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:13:58,790 --> 00:14:03,780
751
+ an axis ู‡ู†ุง ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ Sagittal Plane
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:03,780 --> 00:14:10,160
755
+ ุฃู…ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ููŠ Transverse Plane ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ Condyloid
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:10,160 --> 00:14:14,100
759
+ Joint ุงู„ Condyloid Joint ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนูŠู†ู†ุง two
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:14:14,100 --> 00:14:18,360
763
+ oval convex and concave surface ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:18,360 --> 00:14:23,500
767
+ ู…ุซุจุชูŠู† ููˆู‚ ุจุนุถ Reciprocally ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:23,500 --> 00:14:27,880
771
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง one convex and one
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:27,880 --> 00:14:31,920
775
+ concave surface ูˆุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ flexion ูˆ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:31,920 --> 00:14:34,800
779
+ extension ููŠ ุงู„ sagittal plane ูˆ abduction ูˆ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:34,800 --> 00:14:38,700
783
+ adduction ููŠ ุงู„ frontal plane ูˆู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณู…ุญ ู„ู†ุง ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:38,700 --> 00:14:44,560
787
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ circumduction ูƒู…ุงู† ุฎููŠูุฉ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุด
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:14:44,560 --> 00:14:50,990
791
+ ูุชุฑุงุช plane ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ example ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุงู„ meta
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:14:50,990 --> 00:14:56,010
795
+ carpophalangeal joints ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู†
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:14:56,010 --> 00:15:00,490
799
+ ุงู„ index ู„ู„ fifth .. ุงู„ second ู„ู„ fifth joint
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:00,490 --> 00:15:04,590
803
+ ูˆุงู„ .. ูˆุงู„ radiocarpal joints ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:04,590 --> 00:15:07,210
807
+ ุงู„ wrist joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ flexion,
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:07,350 --> 00:15:12,980
811
+ extension, adduction ุฃูˆ radial ูˆ ulnar
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:12,980 --> 00:15:16,980
815
+ movement ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ radial deviation ูˆุงู„ ulnar
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:16,980 --> 00:15:22,220
819
+ deviation ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ saddle joint ูู‡ูˆ ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจุดุจู‡ ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:22,220 --> 00:15:25,660
823
+ ุงู„ุณุฑุฌ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:15:25,660 --> 00:15:30,190
827
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุณุฑุฌ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ูƒูŠู ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูุงุฑุณ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุฑุฌ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:15:30,190 --> 00:15:35,890
831
+ ุงู„ุญุตุงู†ุŸ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุทุงุจู‚ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ .. ุฒูŠ .. ุฒูŠ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:15:35,890 --> 00:15:38,850
835
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ูุงุฑุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:15:38,850 --> 00:15:42,550
839
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุณุฑุฌ ุงู„ุญุตุงู†ุŒ ุงู„ movement ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฒูŠ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:15:42,550 --> 00:15:45,690
843
+ ุงู„ condyloid joint ู„ูƒู† ุจุชุนุทูŠ greater movement ุฒูŠ ุงู„
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:15:45,690 --> 00:15:50,340
847
+ metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ ball
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:15:50,340 --> 00:15:56,680
851
+ and socket ูู‡ูˆ freely movable joints ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:15:56,680 --> 00:16:00,700
855
+ movement in three planes of movement ูˆุงู„ู…ุซู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:16:00,700 --> 00:16:04,880
859
+ ุทุจุนุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง convex and concave shape
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:04,880 --> 00:16:10,500
863
+ ู„ูƒู† ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุฑุฉ ูˆุงู„ุฌุฑุงุจ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:10,500 --> 00:16:14,300
867
+ rotation ููŠ ุงู„ three planes ุฒูŠ ุงู„ hip and shoulder
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:14,300 --> 00:16:19,670
871
+ joint ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ synovial joints very ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:19,670 --> 00:16:25,050
875
+ ููŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูƒู…ุง ุดู‡ุฏุช ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฌูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:25,050 --> 00:16:30,530
879
+ ุณู†ุดุงู‡ุฏู‡ุง ุฃู†ู‡ู… ุนุงู…ู‹ุง ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู†
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:16:30,530 --> 00:16:34,710
883
+ ู…ุญุงูˆุฑ ุงู„ุชุญูˆู„ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุญูˆุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ู…ุญูˆุฑ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:16:34,710 --> 00:16:39,190
887
+ ุงุซู†ุงู† ุฃูˆ ู…ุญูˆุฑ ุซู„ุงุซุฉ ูุงู„ู€ ู…ุญูˆุฑ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุณู…ู‰ uniaxial ูˆุงู„
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:16:39,190 --> 00:16:43,170
891
+ two axes ุจูŠุณู…ู‰ biaxial ูˆุงู„ู€ three axes ุจูŠุณู…ู‰
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:16:43,170 --> 00:16:51,510
895
+ triaxial ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ููŠุฌุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูˆุถุญ ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุจุดูƒู„
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:16:51,510 --> 00:16:55,490
899
+ ุนุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Condyloid ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ two axes ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:16:55,490 --> 00:16:58,770
903
+ ball and socket ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ three axes ุฅู† ุงู„ gliding
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:16:58,770 --> 00:17:03,270
907
+ joint ุงู„ movement non-axial movement ูู‚ุท ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:03,270 --> 00:17:06,970
911
+ gliding ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ pivot ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:06,970 --> 00:17:11,010
915
+ rotation ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุณุฑุฌ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ metacarpophalangeal
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:11,010 --> 00:17:16,970
919
+ joint of the thumb ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจ two planesุŒ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:16,970 --> 00:17:19,690
923
+ flexion, extension, abduction, adduction ูˆูƒู…ุงู†
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:19,690 --> 00:17:21,670
927
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ opposition
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:17:24,110 --> 00:17:28,070
931
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ few joints where only limited motion is
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:17:28,070 --> 00:17:32,530
935
+ permitted in any direction are termed non-axial ูˆ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:17:32,530 --> 00:17:35,890
939
+ ุงู„ joint motion capability also sometimes
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:17:35,890 --> 00:17:39,470
943
+ described in terms of degree of freedom ูู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู…
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:17:39,470 --> 00:17:42,290
947
+ ุนู† movement in one plane ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง one degree of
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:17:42,290 --> 00:17:46,740
951
+ freedom ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ uniaxial ูˆู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ two planes
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:17:46,740 --> 00:17:51,080
955
+ ุจุชุณู…ู‰ biaxial ุจุชุณู…ู‰ two degrees of freedom ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:17:51,080 --> 00:17:55,040
959
+ ุงู„ triaxial joint ุจุชุณู…ู‰ three degrees of freedom
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:17:55,040 --> 00:17:59,640
963
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ุตุทู„ุญุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ุฑุฃู‡ุง ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:17:59,640 --> 00:18:03,440
967
+ ู…ุฑุงุฌุน ุญุชู‰ ู†ูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ synovial
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:18:03,440 --> 00:18:07,240
971
+ structure ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ associated with the
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:18:07,240 --> 00:18:11,550
975
+ diarthrodial joints ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุจุฑุตุฉ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:18:11,550 --> 00:18:14,750
979
+ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุฏูˆู†ุดูŠุช ุงูŠุด ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑุตุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุฏูˆู†ุดูŠุช ุชุนู…ู„
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:18:14,750 --> 00:18:19,650
983
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ facilitation ู„ู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูˆุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชู†ุฏูˆู† ุฃูˆ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:18:19,650 --> 00:18:22,710
987
+ ู„ู„ structure ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:18:22,710 --> 00:18:29,390
991
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุตุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† small capsules ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:18:29,390 --> 00:18:34,530
995
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุฎุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ within the synovial
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:18:34,530 --> 00:18:39,190
999
+ membrane ูˆุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง synovial fluid ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:18:39,190 --> 00:18:42,990
1003
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ู…ุฎุฏุฉ separating the bone ุนู† ุงู„ bone ุฃูˆ ุงู„
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:18:42,990 --> 00:18:47,190
1007
+ tendon ุนู† ุงู„ bone ุญุชู‰ ุชู…ู†ุน ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุงู„ุชูŠ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:18:47,190 --> 00:18:51,290
1011
+ ุณุชูƒูˆู† from the structure ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู…ุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:18:51,290 --> 00:18:54,090
1015
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชุฎูŠู„ ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง tendon ูˆู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุทูˆู„ ู…ุง
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:18:54,090 --> 00:18:57,990
1019
+ ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุญุชูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธู… ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุฃู†ู†ุง ู†ู…ุณูƒ ุญุจู„
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:18:57,990 --> 00:19:05,070
1023
+ ูˆู†ุญู† ู†ุถู„ู†ุง ู†ุญุชูƒ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธู…ุฉ ุฃูˆ ููŠ ู„ูˆุญ ุฎุดุจูŠ ู…ุงุฐุง ุณูŠุญุฏุซ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:19:05,070 --> 00:19:08,790
1027
+ ููŠู‡ุงุŸ ุณุชู†ู‚ุทุน ุฃู…ุง ู„ูˆ ู†ุญู† ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ู…ุฎุฏุฉ ูˆ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:19:08,790 --> 00:19:12,970
1031
+ ูƒู†ุง ู†ู…ุฑุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุญุชูƒ the most bursa
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:19:12,970 --> 00:19:16,870
1035
+ separate the tendon from the bone reducing the friction of
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:19:16,870 --> 00:19:21,210
1039
+ the tendon during joint motion ุทุจุนุงู‹ some bursa ู…ุซู„
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:19:21,210 --> 00:19:25,470
1043
+ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠูƒุฑุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุจุฑุตุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ูŠูƒุฑุงู†ูˆู† ู…ู†
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:19:25,470 --> 00:19:30,130
1047
+ ุงู„ุนุธู… ุชูุตู„ ุงู„ุนุธู… ุนู† ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ ุญุชู‰ ู„ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุฌู„ุฏ
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:19:30,130 --> 00:19:36,290
1051
+ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนุธู… ุฃู…ุง the tendon sheets ูู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:19:36,290 --> 00:19:40,870
1055
+ ุบู„ุงู ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ุบู„ุงู ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุถุนู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃูŠ ุดูŠุก ู†ุญู†
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:19:40,870 --> 00:19:44,530
1059
+ ุญุชู‰ ู†ุญู…ูŠู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† double layer synovial structure
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:19:44,530 --> 00:19:48,100
1063
+ that surrounds the tendon positioned in clothes
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:19:48,100 --> 00:19:51,560
1067
+ associated with movementุŒ the tendon sheet ู‡ุฐุง sheet
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:19:51,560 --> 00:19:55,260
1071
+ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠู‚ูˆู… ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ tendon ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู† ูŠู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:19:55,260 --> 00:20:01,060
1075
+ ุงู„ุนุธู… ูˆุงู„ุนุถู„ุŒ many of the long muscle tendons ุงู„ุชูŠ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:20:01,060 --> 00:20:04,880
1079
+ ุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ wrist ูˆ ุงู„ finger ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุญู…ูŠุฉ ุจู€
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:20:04,880 --> 00:20:09,140
1083
+ tendon sheets ุญุชู‰ ุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ู†ู†ุชู‚ู„ ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู…ู‡ู…
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:20:09,140 --> 00:20:11,780
1087
+ related ู„ู…ุง ูƒู†ุง ู†ุญูƒูŠ ุนู†ู‡ ูˆู‡ูˆ ุงู„ joint
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:20:11,780 --> 00:20:16,080
1091
+ stabilityุŒ ุทุจุนุงู‹ the stability of an articulation
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:20:16,080 --> 00:20:21,860
1095
+ is its ability to resist dislocationุŒ ู…ุงุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:20:21,860 --> 00:20:25,620
1099
+ ุฃู†ุง ุฃุชุญุฏุซ ุนู† jointุŒ ุงู„ joint ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุŒ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:20:25,620 --> 00:20:29,900
1103
+ ู„ุง ูŠู†ูุตู„ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ูŠู†ุฒุญ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ูŠู†ุณูุฑุŒ ู„ุง dislocation
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:20:29,900 --> 00:20:33,900
1107
+ ูˆู„ุง subluxationุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุงุจุฏ ุฃู† ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ูˆุงู„ุฐูŠ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:20:33,900 --> 00:20:37,580
1111
+ ุจุฏูŠู‡ูŠ ุฃูŠุถุงู‹ ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ุจุญูŠุซ ู„ุง ูŠุณุจุจ ุฃู„ู…
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:20:37,580 --> 00:20:43,440
1115
+ ุดุฏูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ especially it is the ability to
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:20:43,440 --> 00:20:46,740
1119
+ resist the displacement of one bone end with
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:20:46,740 --> 00:20:51,860
1123
+ respect to another ูˆูƒู…ุง ุฃู† ูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุฅุตุงุจุฉ ู„ู„ู€
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:20:51,860 --> 00:20:52,320
1127
+ ligament
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:21:00,060 --> 00:21:04,400
1131
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุดูŠุก ุงู„ู€ shape of the articulating bone
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:21:04,400 --> 00:21:10,120
1135
+ surface ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู…ู‡ู… ุฌุฏุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ mechanical joints ุงู„ุชูŠ
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:21:10,120 --> 00:21:14,960
1139
+ articulating parts are in exact opposition in shape so
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:21:14,960 --> 00:21:18,480
1143
+ that fit tightly together ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุชู†ุงุธุฑ
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:21:18,480 --> 00:21:23,290
1147
+ ููŠ ุงู„ุณุทุญ ูˆุงู„ุณุทุญ ูƒูˆู†ูƒุงู ูˆู…ุชู„ุงุตู‚ูŠู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:21:23,290 --> 00:21:26,710
1151
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ hinge joint ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุชุทุงุจู‚ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:21:26,710 --> 00:21:30,130
1155
+ ุงู„ุตุฏุฑ joint ูˆ ุงู„ ball and socket joint ู„ูƒู† ููŠ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:21:30,130 --> 00:21:33,790
1159
+ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุชุคุซุฑ ููŠ the human body the
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:21:33,790 --> 00:21:35,950
1163
+ articulating end of the bone
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:21:44,540 --> 00:21:50,240
1167
+ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ุณุทูˆุญ ู…ูุตู„ูŠุฉ ู…ุชู‚ุงุจู„ุฉ ูˆู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ุฉ
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:21:50,240 --> 00:21:54,180
1171
+ ูˆู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ุฉ ูˆู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ุฉ
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:21:54,340 --> 00:21:59,000
1175
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ูƒุชูุŒ ุงู„ูƒุชูุŒ ู„ุง ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:21:59,000 --> 00:22:03,880
1179
+ head of the humerus ู„ูŠุณุช ู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุงู‹ ู…ุน ุงู„
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:22:03,880 --> 00:22:06,820
1183
+ glenoid cavity ู„ุฃู† ููŠู‡ ุดูŠุก ุงุณู…ู‡ labrum
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:22:06,820 --> 00:22:10,680
1187
+ acetabulareุŒ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ congruence ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ูุตู„
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:22:10,680 --> 00:22:14,260
1191
+ and there is a typical one position of best fit in
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:22:14,260 --> 00:22:17,580
1195
+ which the area of contact is maximum ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:22:17,580 --> 00:22:20,780
1199
+ position ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู†ุญู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ closed pack
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:22:20,780 --> 00:22:24,900
1203
+ position ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ position ุงู„ุชูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุฃูƒุซุฑ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:22:24,900 --> 00:22:28,360
1207
+ ุดูŠุก ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง greatest stability ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุฐูŠ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:22:28,360 --> 00:22:33,340
1211
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุดูŠุก ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ stability
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:22:33,340 --> 00:22:40,830
1215
+ ูˆููŠ ุชู…ุงุณ ุฃูˆ ููŠ contact ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two ends of bone ุทุจุนุงู‹
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:22:40,830 --> 00:22:44,830
1219
+ ุฃูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ closed pack
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:22:44,830 --> 00:22:48,990
1223
+ ูู†ุณูŠู‡ ุงู„ lose pack position ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุชูƒูˆู†
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:22:48,990 --> 00:23:01,150
1227
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ contact ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two bone ends ูˆุฃูŠ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:23:01,150 --> 00:23:05,450
1231
+ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู†ุญู† ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:23:05,450 --> 00:23:10,790
1235
+ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุญู† ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู„ุฃู† ู‡ู†ุง
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:23:10,790 --> 00:23:15,930
1239
+ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูƒุซูŠุฑ stable some articulating surfaces are
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:23:15,930 --> 00:23:20,970
1243
+ shaped so that in both close and in pack position
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:23:21,380 --> 00:23:25,420
1247
+ there is either a large or small amount of contact
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:23:25,420 --> 00:23:29,540
1251
+ area and consequently more or less stability ุทุจุนุงู‹
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:23:29,540 --> 00:23:34,000
1255
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู†ุญู† ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู†ู‚ูˆู„
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:23:34,000 --> 00:23:37,880
1259
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง relaxing position ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ ligaments
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:23:37,880 --> 00:23:41,800
1263
+ ุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุซูŠุฑ ุฑุฎูˆุฉ ู„ุง ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุง ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุญุฑูƒุฉ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:23:41,800 --> 00:23:45,290
1267
+ ุฃูˆ ู„ุง ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ acetabulum
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:23:45,290 --> 00:23:49,170
1271
+ ูŠูˆูุฑ relatively deep socket for the head ุทุจุนุงู‹
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:23:49,170 --> 00:23:53,930
1275
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ acetabulum ููŠ ุฌุฑุงุจ ูƒุงู…ู„ ูˆู…ุญุงุทุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:23:53,930 --> 00:23:58,230
1279
+ head of a femur ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจู€ acetabulum ูˆุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ููŠ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:23:58,230 --> 00:24:02,350
1283
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง large amount of contact ุนู„ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู†ุญู† ู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:24:02,740 --> 00:24:05,780
1287
+ ุงู„ู€ hip joint is a stable joint ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ shoulder
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:24:05,780 --> 00:24:09,400
1291
+ ู„ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง small glenoid fossa ูˆููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ุงู„
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:24:09,400 --> 00:24:12,520
1295
+ vertical diameter ู„ูˆ ู†ุญู† ู‚ุทุนู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:24:12,520 --> 00:24:15,500
1299
+ approximately 75% of the vertical diameter ููŠ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:24:15,500 --> 00:24:18,600
1303
+ contact of the humeral head and horizontal
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:24:18,600 --> 00:24:23,080
1307
+ diameter ุจุณ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง 60% ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:24:23,080 --> 00:24:28,620
1311
+ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:24:28,620 --> 00:24:36,840
1315
+ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:24:36,860 --> 00:24:41,680
1319
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู†ุญู† ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:24:41,680 --> 00:24:45,280
1323
+ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ูุตู„ ู…ุชุญุฑูƒ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ูุตู„ ุบูŠุฑ ู…ุณุชู‚ุฑ
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:24:45,280 --> 00:24:50,240
1327
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ุชุทุงุจู‚ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠ ุจูŠู† ุฑุฃุณ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ูŠุฑุณ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:24:50,240 --> 00:24:55,100
1331
+ ูˆุงู„ุฌู„ูŠู†ูˆูŠุฏ ุจุณุจุจ ุงุฎุชู„ุงูุงุช ุฃู†ุงุชูˆู…ูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูˆุนู…ู‚
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:24:55,100 --> 00:24:58,900
1335
+ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู…ูุตู„ ู…ุชุญุฑูƒ ูˆุบูŠุฑ ู…ุณุชู‚ุฑ ู…ูุตู„ ู…ุชุญุฑูƒ ูˆุบูŠุฑ ู…ุณุชู‚ุฑ ู…ูุตู„
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:25:01,800 --> 00:25:05,360
1339
+ Some people have joints that are more or less
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:25:05,360 --> 00:25:08,620
1343
+ stable than averageุŒ ู„ู†ูุชุฑุถ ุฃู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ุชูŠ ููŠ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:25:08,620 --> 00:25:11,880
1347
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุฑูˆู†ุฉ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ุณู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†ู‡ู… ู„ุงุญู‚ุงู‹ุŒ ูˆููŠ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:25:11,880 --> 00:25:14,920
1351
+ ู†ุงุณ ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฃู†ู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:25:14,920 --> 00:25:18,420
1355
+ ุฎู„ุน ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ุŒ ุจุณุฑุนุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฃู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู…
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:25:18,420 --> 00:25:22,300
1359
+ ุฎู„ุน ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ุŒ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุงู„ variations ุชูƒูˆู†
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:25:22,300 --> 00:25:26,650
1363
+ individual region of the ligament and the muscle
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:25:26,650 --> 00:25:31,170
1367
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ ligament ูˆ ุงู„ muscle ูˆ ุงู„
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:25:31,170 --> 00:25:33,790
1371
+ muscle tendon ุชุคุซุฑ ู†ุณุจูŠุงู‹ ููŠ ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:25:33,790 --> 00:25:37,070
1375
+ the joint ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ knee joint ู†ุญู† ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู† ุงู„
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:25:37,070 --> 00:25:41,790
1379
+ shoulder joint ุงู„ุนุธู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ configuration is
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:25:41,790 --> 00:25:46,970
1383
+ not particularly stable ู„ู…ุงุฐุงุŸ ู„ุฃู† ููŠ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุนุธู…
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:25:46,970 --> 00:25:51,820
1387
+ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two ends of the bone
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:25:51,820 --> 00:25:55,720
1391
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุงู‹ ุงู„ู€ humerus ุงู„ู€ head ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:25:55,720 --> 00:26:00,080
1395
+ acetabulum ุงู„ femoral condyle ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ plateau
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:26:00,080 --> 00:26:05,080
1399
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุชูŠุจูŠุง ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ligament ูˆ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:26:05,080 --> 00:26:08,700
1403
+ muscle ุชุณุงู‡ู… ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุณุงุนุฏ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:26:08,700 --> 00:26:12,200
1407
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ holding the articular bones in together
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:26:12,200 --> 00:26:16,360
1411
+ ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ tissue ุถุนูŠูุฉ ูƒู…ู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุนุฏู… ุงู„ุงุณุชุฎุฏุงู…
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:26:16,360 --> 00:26:20,750
1415
+ ุฃูˆ laxity from being overstretched ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุชู‚ู„ ุงู„
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:26:20,750 --> 00:26:24,370
1419
+ stability ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู†ุฎูุงุถ ููŠ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ ูˆูŠุตูŠุฑ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:26:24,370 --> 00:26:27,870
1423
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู…ุนุฑุถ ู„ุฃู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:26:27,870 --> 00:26:31,390
1427
+ dislocation ุฃูˆ subluxation ุทุจุนุงู‹ ุงู„ strong ligament
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:26:31,390 --> 00:26:34,970
1431
+ ุงู„ muscle ุฏุงุฆู…ุงู‹ ูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุนู„ุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู†ุญู† ุญุชู‰
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:26:34,970 --> 00:26:38,410
1435
+ ู„ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู†ุง ุฃูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:26:38,410 --> 00:26:41,270
1439
+ ุงู„ ligament ู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:26:41,270 --> 00:26:46,220
1443
+ ุจุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุญุชู‰ ู†ุนูˆุถ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุงู„ุญุงุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ ligament ุนู†
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:26:46,220 --> 00:26:50,660
1447
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุทุจุนุงู‹ ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:26:50,660 --> 00:26:53,200
1451
+ stretching of the quadriceps and the hamstring
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:26:53,200 --> 00:26:56,860
1455
+ group ู‡ุฐุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฐูŠ ูŠุณุงุนุฏู†ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู…ุง ูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง ู…ุณุชู‚ุฑุฉ
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:26:56,860 --> 00:27:00,980
1459
+ ู‡ุคู„ุงุก to muscle ูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ ุงู„
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:27:00,980 --> 00:27:05,340
1463
+ knee ูˆุทุจุนุงู‹ ู†ุญู† ุณู†ุฑู‰ ุงู„ุชุนู‚ูŠุฏ ุงู„ุฎุงุต ุจู€ knee
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:27:05,340 --> 00:27:08,220
1467
+ joint ููŠ ุงู„ illustration ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฃู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:27:08,220 --> 00:27:11,380
1471
+ knee joint ูŠุชู…ุชุน ุจุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ ligaments ูˆ ุงู„
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:27:11,380 --> 00:27:14,380
1475
+ tendons ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชู…ุฑ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ lateral collateral
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:27:14,380 --> 00:27:18,580
1479
+ ligament ูˆ ุงู„ medial collateral ligament ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ู†ุญู†
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:27:18,580 --> 00:27:21,840
1483
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง medial meniscus ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง lateral
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:27:21,840 --> 00:27:25,560
1487
+ meniscus ู‡ุคู„ุงุก ูŠุฒูŠุฏูˆู† ุงู„ congruent ุงู„ุฎุงุตุฉ ุจุงู„ู…ูุตู„
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:27:25,560 --> 00:27:28,600
1491
+ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ anterior ูˆ ุงู„ posterior cruciate
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:27:28,600 --> 00:27:32,740
1495
+ ligament ุงู„ุชูŠ ุชุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ุงุณุชู‚ุฑุงุฑ Towards the
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:27:32,740 --> 00:27:35,800
1499
+ anterior and posterior drawer of the knee ูˆููŠ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:27:35,800 --> 00:27:40,160
1503
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุชู†ุฏุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุธูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:27:40,160 --> 00:27:44,740
1507
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุตู„ ุงู„ุนุธู… ู…ู† ุฃู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:27:44,740 --> 00:27:49,240
1511
+ displacement ุฃูˆ distraction ุทุจุนุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ angle of
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:27:49,240 --> 00:27:54,670
1515
+ attachment of the tendon to the bone ุจุณุงุนุฏ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:27:54,670 --> 00:27:58,690
1519
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ arrangement ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช ุฃูŠ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:27:58,690 --> 00:28:01,630
1523
+ tension when the muscle exerts tension ุงู„
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:28:01,630 --> 00:28:04,470
1527
+ articulation end of the bone and the joint across
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:28:04,470 --> 00:28:08,910
1531
+ are pulled closer together ุญุชู‰ ุชุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ stability
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:28:08,910 --> 00:28:12,260
1535
+ to enhance stability of the joint ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:28:12,260 --> 00:28:15,400
1539
+ usually found when the muscle on the opposite side
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:28:15,400 --> 00:28:18,180
1543
+ of the joint is producing simultaneously ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:28:18,180 --> 00:28:22,320
1547
+ synergy ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุซุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:28:22,320 --> 00:28:27,500
1551
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุญู…ูŠ ูˆุชุนู…ู„ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู„ู…ุง
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:28:27,500 --> 00:28:30,600
1555
+ ุชูƒูˆู† fatigue ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ joint stability ูˆ ุงู„
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:28:30,600 --> 00:28:34,040
1559
+ injury ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจุชุญุตู„ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ .. ุงุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:28:34,040 --> 00:28:37,380
1563
+ fatigability ููŠ ุงู„ muscle ูุงู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:28:37,380 --> 00:28:42,080
1567
+ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุงู‚ู„ ููŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† less stable ุทุจุนุง ุงุฐุง
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:28:42,080 --> 00:28:46,940
1571
+ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง cruciate ligament rupture ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู…ุง
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:28:46,940 --> 00:28:50,000
1575
+ ุงู„ tension ููŠ ุงู„ fatigued muscle surrounding ุฏู†ูŠู‡
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:53,560
1579
+ inadequate to protect the cruciate ligament from
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:28:53,560 --> 00:28:57,760
1583
+ being stretched beyond their elastic limit ุทุจุนุง ููŠ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:28:57,760 --> 00:29:00,120
1587
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง other connective tissues ุฒูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:29:00,120 --> 00:29:03,040
1591
+ ุงู„ูุงุดูŠุง ุงู„ูุงุดูŠุง surrounding the muscle ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ููŠ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:29:03,040 --> 00:29:09,740
1595
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุดูŠุท ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุญูŠุท ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ bundles of
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:29:09,740 --> 00:29:12,600
1599
+ muscle fibers within the muscle provide protection
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:29:12,600 --> 00:29:16,140
1603
+ and support ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ุงู„ particularly
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:29:16,140 --> 00:29:17,860
1607
+ strong permanent
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:29:22,230 --> 00:29:25,830
1611
+ ุงู„ูุงุดูŠุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ iliotibial band ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:29:25,830 --> 00:29:29,410
1615
+ lateral aspect of the knee ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:29:29,410 --> 00:29:34,310
1619
+ stability of the knee joint ุงู„ูุงุดูŠุง fascia and the
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:29:34,310 --> 00:29:39,070
1623
+ skin on the exterior of the body and other tissues
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:29:39,430 --> 00:29:42,670
1627
+ that contribute to and show integrity ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุณู…
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:29:42,670 --> 00:29:46,550
1631
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุญุงุท ุจุงู„ูุงุดูŠุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูุงุดูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู…
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:29:46,550 --> 00:29:51,630
1635
+ ุนู† muscles ุงู„ muscle ู‡ุฐู‡ sorry ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:29:51,630 --> 00:29:57,040
1639
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุนู†
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:29:57,040 --> 00:30:00,320
1643
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ articulations ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ articulations ู‡ุฐู‡
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:30:00,320 --> 00:30:03,320
1647
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุฑุจุทุฉ ูˆ connective tissue ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุตู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:30:03,320 --> 00:30:06,620
1651
+ ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุธู… ุนุดุงู† ุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ stability ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูˆ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:30:06,620 --> 00:30:09,780
1655
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนูŠู†ุงู‡ ูุงุดูŠุฉ ูˆ ููŠ ุนูŠู†ุงู‡ skin ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:30:09,780 --> 00:30:13,360
1659
+ ู…ู†ุธูˆู…ุฉ ุฑุจู†ุง ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡ ูˆุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุฎู„ู‚ู‡ุง ุญุชู‰ ุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:30:13,360 --> 00:30:16,580
1663
+ stability ูˆ ุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ stability ูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ูˆุตู„
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:30:16,580 --> 00:30:20,600
1667
+ ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจุณ ุจู†ูˆุถุญ ููŠ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:30:20,600 --> 00:30:24,520
1671
+ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุชู‡ุง ุงู„ู€ iliotibial tract ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ hip
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:30:24,520 --> 00:30:29,940
1675
+ ู„ุฃุณูู„ knee ุญุชู‰ ุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ stability ุชุจุน ุงู„ lateral
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:30:29,940 --> 00:30:35,320
1679
+ part of the knee joint ุจู‡ูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:30:35,320 --> 00:30:39,900
1683
+ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ู†ุฑุงูƒู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:30:39,900 --> 00:30:43,780
1687
+ ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ joint flexibility
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PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/S4YmK5W4O6Q_raw.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,1688 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:01,180 --> 00:00:03,560
3
+ ุจุณู… ุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„ุฑุญู…ู† ุงู„ุฑุญูŠู… ุงู„ุตู„ุงุฉ ูˆุงู„ุณู„ุงู… ุนู„ู‰ ุณูŠุฏู†ุง
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:03,560 --> 00:00:07,800
7
+ ู…ุญู…ุฏ ุณูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ุฑุณู„ูŠู† ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุฃู„ู‡ ูˆุตุญุจู‡ ุฃุฌู…ุนูŠู† ุงุณุชูƒู…ู„ู†ุง
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:07,800 --> 00:00:11,880
11
+ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ููŠ ู…ุณุญู‚ ุงู„ bio mechanics two ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ูˆุตู„ู†ุง
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:11,880 --> 00:00:18,040
15
+ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู„ุขุฎุฑ ู…ุญุทุฉ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ bio mechanics of joints
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:18,040 --> 00:00:21,180
19
+ ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ joints ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ stability
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:21,180 --> 00:00:25,900
23
+ ุชุจุน ุงู„ joints ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ flexibilityุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ู†ุชุนุฑู
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:25,900 --> 00:00:32,760
27
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ joints ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุดุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:32,760 --> 00:00:36,540
31
+ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุงู„ุจุฏุงูŠุฉ ุจู†ุงุนุฑู ุฅูŠุด ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ joint ุงู„ joint ู‡ูˆ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:36,540 --> 00:00:41,080
35
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ site of motion between ุงู„ articulating
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:41,080 --> 00:00:44,440
39
+ bone ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฃู†ู‡ ุจู†ุงู†ูู‡ู… ุฃู† ุงู„ joint ู‡ูˆ ุชุนุฑูŠูู‡ ู‡ูˆ
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:44,440 --> 00:00:49,440
43
+ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุจุท two bones ุฃูˆ two bone
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:49,440 --> 00:00:55,190
47
+ endsุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ bone ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุด ุจุณ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุดุจูˆูƒูŠู† ู…ุน
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:55,190 --> 00:01:00,350
51
+ ุจุนุถ ูƒุฏู‡ ุจุฏูˆู† ุฃูŠ ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ูˆุณุงุฆู„ ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:01:00,350 --> 00:01:03,710
55
+ ู…ุฑุจุทุงู‡ู… ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ connective tissue structure
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:03,710 --> 00:01:07,810
59
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูˆุธูุชู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‡ุง ุชุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ integrity of the
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:07,810 --> 00:01:11,780
63
+ junction ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุญุงูุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ movementูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:11,780 --> 00:01:14,460
67
+ ุจุฏู†ุง ู†ุฑูƒุฒ ุนู„ู‰ ุดุบู„ุชูŠู† ููŠ ุงู„ joint ุงู„ joint ู„ุงุฒู…
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:14,460 --> 00:01:18,440
71
+ ูŠูƒูˆู† ุจุชู…ุชุน ุจุญุงุฌุชูŠู† ุฃุณุงุณูŠุงุช ุงู„ mobility ูˆ ุงู„
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:18,440 --> 00:01:21,980
75
+ stability ุทุจุนุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ุชุญุฏูŠ ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุนู†ุฏ ุฃูŠ ู…ูุตู„
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:21,980 --> 00:01:27,180
79
+ ุงุญู†ุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุฏูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ mobility ูˆ
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:27,180 --> 00:01:30,240
83
+ ุงู„ stability ูƒูŠู ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุจูŠู† ุงู„ mobility
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:30,240 --> 00:01:34,400
87
+ ูˆ ุงู„ stabilityุŸู…ู‚ุฏุด ููŠ ุชูˆุงุฒู† ุจูŠู† ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุชู†ุชูŠู† ุงุญู†ุง
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:34,400 --> 00:01:38,140
91
+ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ููŠ ุชู†ุงุณุจ ุนูƒุณูŠ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ mobility ูˆ ุงู„
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:38,140 --> 00:01:41,740
95
+ stability ูƒู„ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏุช ุงู„ mobility ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู‚ู„ุช ุงู„
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:41,740 --> 00:01:45,680
99
+ stability ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุงุดูŠ ูˆุงู‚ุนูŠ ูˆู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ุญุชู‰ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:45,680 --> 00:01:52,530
103
+ ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุนูŠุฏุง ุนู† ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุทูŠุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ุฃูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู…ูŠุฉ
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:01:52,530 --> 00:01:55,570
107
+ ุงู„ mobility ูˆ ุงู„ stability ู‡ุชุฎุชู„ู ู…ู† ู…ูุตู„ ู„ู…ูุตู„
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:01:55,570 --> 00:02:00,050
111
+ ู‡ุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุดูŠุงุก ูƒุชูŠุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู†ู‡ุง ู…ูุงุตู„ ุซุงุจุชุฉ ุฌุฏุง ูˆ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:00,050 --> 00:02:03,210
115
+ stability ููŠู‡ุง ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุฑุถู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ mobility
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:03,210 --> 00:02:10,730
119
+ ููŠู‡ุง ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุฌุฏุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ ุงู„ joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:10,730 --> 00:02:14,680
123
+ skullุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุฌู†ุช ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ .. ููŠ ุงู„ skull
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:14,680 --> 00:02:19,360
127
+ ู‡ูŠ ุฅู† ุฎู„ู‚ุช ุฑุจู†ุง ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡ ูˆุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุฎู„ู‚ู‡ุง ุญุชู‰ ุช .. ุชูƒูˆู†
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:19,360 --> 00:02:24,460
131
+ ุช .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุชูˆุฌุฏ ู…ุณุงุญุฉ ู„ู†ู…ูˆ .. ู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุงู„ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฉ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู…ุด
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:24,460 --> 00:02:28,520
135
+ ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูŠู†ูˆู„ุฏ ุจุฌู…ุฌู…ุฉ ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉุฃูƒูŠุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:28,520 --> 00:02:31,580
139
+ ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูุงู†ุชุฑูƒุช ุงู„ูุชุญุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฃูˆ
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:31,580 --> 00:02:35,420
143
+ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุญุชู‰ ุชุณู…ุน ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:35,420 --> 00:02:39,920
147
+ ุฃุณุงุณุง ูุชุญุงุช ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ุง ุถุบุท ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู…ูŠู„ุงุฏ
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:39,920 --> 00:02:44,860
151
+ ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ุน ุงู„ growing ุฃูˆ ู…ุน ุงู„ age ุจุชุช .. ุจุชุชุณูƒุฑ ูˆ
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:44,860 --> 00:02:51,910
155
+ ุจุชุตุจุญ ู…ูุงุตู„ ุดุจู‡ ุซุงุจุชุฉุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:02:51,910 --> 00:02:57,330
159
+ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ shoulder ุฒูŠ ุงู„ hip joint ูู‡ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง mobility
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:02:57,330 --> 00:03:01,910
163
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุณู…ุญ ุจุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ููŠ range
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:01,910 --> 00:03:05,910
167
+ of motion ูˆ wide range of motion ูุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู„ุณู‡
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:05,910 --> 00:03:10,650
171
+ stable ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ูˆ ุงุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ glenohumeral joint of
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:10,650 --> 00:03:14,880
175
+ the shoulder ูู‡ูˆุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฌูˆูŠู†ุช ููŠ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ู‡ูˆ mobile
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:14,880 --> 00:03:19,100
179
+ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฌูˆูŠู†ุช ู„ุณู‡ stableุŒ ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชู…ุชุน
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:19,100 --> 00:03:24,260
183
+ ุจmobility ุนุงู„ูŠุฉ ู„ูƒู† ุงู„ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงู„ stability ุชุจุนุชู‡ ุฃู‚ู„
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:24,260 --> 00:03:27,800
187
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:27,800 --> 00:03:32,840
191
+ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ stability ูˆุนู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ mobility ุงู„ most
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:32,840 --> 00:03:37,560
195
+ movable joint must demonstrate combination between
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:37,560 --> 00:03:41,630
199
+ stability and mobilityุนุณุงุณ ุงู† ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง stable
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:41,630 --> 00:03:46,450
203
+ movement ุงู„ stable movement ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุชู…ูƒู†ู†ุง ู…ู† ุงู„
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:03:46,450 --> 00:03:52,190
207
+ function ุทูŠุจ ู„ู‚ูŠุช ุงู†ุง ุนุดุงู† ุงู†ุง ุงุญู…ู„ ุดุบู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠู‡
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:03:52,190 --> 00:03:56,390
211
+ ุจุงูŠุฏูŠ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุซุจุงุช ููŠ ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ูƒุชู ู…ุซู„ุง
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:03:56,390 --> 00:03:59,530
215
+ ุนุดุงู† ุงูƒู„ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ ุซุจุงุช ููŠ ูƒู„ ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:03:59,530 --> 00:04:03,510
219
+ upper limb ุนุดุงู† ุงู…ุดูŠ ุจุฑุถู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:03,510 --> 00:04:07,740
223
+ motion ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู†ุง ุจุชู…ู†ู‰ ุงู† ุงุนู…ู„ู‡ุงุฃูˆ ุจุฏูŠ ุฃุนู…ู„ู‡ุง
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:07,740 --> 00:04:11,140
227
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู† functional ูˆ ุงู„ function ุจุฏู‡ุง stability
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:11,140 --> 00:04:14,660
231
+ ู„ุฅู†ูŠ ุงุฐุง ุจุฏู‰ ุฃู…ุณูƒ ูƒุจุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุงูŠ ูˆ ุฃุดุฑุจ ูˆ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูˆู‚ุน
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:14,660 --> 00:04:17,760
235
+ ู…ู†ูŠ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชูˆู‚ุน ุณุฎู†ุฉ ุจุฏู‡ุง ุชุญุฑู‚ู†ูŠ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ ู„ุฃ ุงู†ุง
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:17,760 --> 00:04:21,820
239
+ ู„ุงุฒู… ู…ุงูุตู„ูŠ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงุชู…ูƒู†ูŠ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูŠ ุฃู…ุณูƒ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:21,820 --> 00:04:26,080
243
+ ูƒุจุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ุดุงูŠ ุงุชู†ูˆู„ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ุทุงูˆู„ุฉ ู„ุญุฏ ู…ุง ุฃูˆุตู„ู‡ุง ู„ุทู…
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:26,080 --> 00:04:30,540
247
+ ูŠู‚ุงุก ูˆ ุฃุดุฑุจูˆ ุฃุฑุฌุนู‡ุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ mobility
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:30,540 --> 00:04:34,580
251
+ ูˆ ู„ุงุฒู… ูŠูƒูˆู† ูƒู…ุงู† as well stability ุทุจุนุง ุดูƒู„ the
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:34,580 --> 00:04:37,660
255
+ structure of the joint must be able to support a
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:04:37,660 --> 00:04:41,860
259
+ wide range of function from extreme stability
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:04:41,860 --> 00:04:46,790
263
+ ู„ู„ู…ุนุธู… mobilityูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:04:46,790 --> 00:04:51,070
267
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ suture ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ skull ู„ุงุฒู…
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:04:51,070 --> 00:04:55,510
271
+ ุชุนุทูŠู†ุง ุณุคุงู„ ู„ุฃู† ู…ุด ู…ุนู‚ูˆู„ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ู†ุฎุจุท ุฎุจุทุฉ ุฃูˆ ู†ุชุนุฑุถ
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:04:55,510 --> 00:04:59,710
275
+ ู„ุฃูŠ trauma ุฃู†ู‡ ุชุชุญุฑูƒ ู…ูุงุตู„ุฉ ุงู„ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฉ ู„ุฃู† ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฉ
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:04:59,710 --> 00:05:02,950
279
+ ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ brain ุงู„ brain ู‡ูˆ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:02,950 --> 00:05:07,110
283
+ monitor ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุชู‚ุจู„ ูˆ ุจูŠุฑุณู„ ูƒู„
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:07,110 --> 00:05:12,920
287
+ ุงู„ุฅุดุงุฑุงุช ุงู„ุญุณูŠุฉูˆู‡ูˆ ู…ุฑูƒุฒ ุงู„ู€ central nervous system
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:12,920 --> 00:05:17,140
291
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ูƒู„ ุงู„ุฌุณู… ุทุจุนุง ูˆุจูŠุนุทูŠ ุฃูˆุงู…ุฑู‡ ูˆุจูŠุชู„ู‚ู‰
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:17,140 --> 00:05:23,560
295
+ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฌุณู… ูƒู„ู‡ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุชุฎุชู„ู ู‡ู„ู‚ุงุช ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุญุณุจ ุงู„
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:23,560 --> 00:05:28,740
299
+ structure ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ stability and mobility ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:28,740 --> 00:05:32,860
303
+ architecture ุทุจุนุง ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ูƒู„ ู…ูุตู„ ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุชู‡
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:32,860 --> 00:05:37,240
307
+ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุญูƒู… ููŠ ูƒุงู… plan of movement could this
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:05:37,620 --> 00:05:43,500
311
+ joint play or work or do a function ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:05:43,500 --> 00:05:49,200
315
+ anatomists ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ู… ุงู„ุนู„ู…ุงุก ุงู„ุนู„ู… ุงู„ุชุดุฑูŠุญ ู‚ุณู…ูˆุง
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:05:49,200 --> 00:05:57,260
319
+ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู„ุนุฏุฉ ุฃู‚ุณุงู… based on the motion ุฒูŠ ุฃุฎุฏูˆุง ุงู„
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:05:57,260 --> 00:06:00,420
323
+ immovable ูˆ ุงู„ slightly movable ูˆ ุงู„ freely
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:00,420 --> 00:06:05,330
327
+ movableุทุจ ู†ุชุนุฑู ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ immovable ูˆุณู…ูˆู‡ู… sin
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:05,330 --> 00:06:09,430
331
+ arthrosis joints ุทุจุนุง ู‡ูŠ fibrous joints permit
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:09,430 --> 00:06:13,290
335
+ little or no movement of the articulation ู…ู†
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:13,290 --> 00:06:17,050
339
+ ุฃู†ูˆุงุนู‡ุง ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ suture joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:17,050 --> 00:06:21,190
343
+ ูู‚ุท ููŠ ุงู„ skull ุฃูˆ ููŠ ุงู„ุฌู…ุฌู…ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ุณุฆูˆู„ุฉ ุนู†
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:21,190 --> 00:06:25,950
347
+ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุงู„ brain inside and this joint articulating
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:25,950 --> 00:06:33,080
351
+ bone sheets met closelyand are tightly connected
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:33,080 --> 00:06:38,020
355
+ by fibers that are continuous with the periosteum
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:38,020 --> 00:06:44,780
359
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฎูŠูˆุท ู…ู† ุงู„ fibers ู…ุดุจูˆูƒุฉ ู…ุน
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:06:44,780 --> 00:06:48,740
363
+ ุงู„ periosteum ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ sutures
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:06:48,740 --> 00:06:53,840
367
+ ุฃูˆ ุบุฑุฒ ูƒุฏู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ุจุดูƒู„ ุงูŠู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ุงุญู†ุง
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:06:53,840 --> 00:06:58,670
371
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ุง ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูƒูŠู†ุฉ ูˆ ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุฏุฑุฒุฉูƒุฏุง ุญูˆุงู„ูŠู† ุงู„
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:06:58,670 --> 00:07:04,230
375
+ boon ู‡ุฐู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุชู„ุชุฆู… ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ossified ููŠ ุงู„ adulthood
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:04,230 --> 00:07:09,250
379
+ ุจุชุญูˆู„ ู„ ossification ุจุทู„ ููŠู‡ ูุชุญุงุช ุงูˆ ูุฑู‚ุงุช and
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:09,250 --> 00:07:13,270
383
+ eventually replaced by completely by boon ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:13,270 --> 00:07:17,570
387
+ ุงู„ูƒู„ุงู… ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ูˆู„ุงุฏูŠ ุงู„ baby ุงูˆ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ุงุฏูŠ
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:17,570 --> 00:07:21,650
391
+ ููŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงูˆ ู„ู†ู…ูˆ ุจูŠู†ู‡ุง ุงูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ู…ุน ูุชุญุงุช
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:21,650 --> 00:07:25,370
395
+ ุงู„ูŠููˆูุงูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ูˆ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:25,370 --> 00:07:29,150
399
+ ุจุงู„ุจู„ุฏูŠ ุงู† ู†ููˆุฎ ุงู„ุทูู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุญุณู‡ ุจู†ุญุณ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ููŠู‡
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:29,150 --> 00:07:33,910
403
+ membrane ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ู† ุนู†ุฏ ุงู„ frontal part of the skull
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:33,910 --> 00:07:39,500
407
+ ูˆ ุจูŠุฑูˆุญ ู„ูˆุณุท ุงู„ skullุงู„ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ูˆุญูŠุฏ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุณ
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:39,500 --> 00:07:44,480
411
+ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ Sintesmosis joint ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:44,480 --> 00:07:49,500
415
+ dense fiber tissue ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฑุจุท two bones
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:07:49,500 --> 00:07:53,700
419
+ together ูˆุทุจุนุง ุงู„ movement ูƒุชูŠุฑ limited ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:07:53,700 --> 00:07:57,100
423
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุถู…ุงุช ุงู„ุทูˆูŠู„ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:07:57,100 --> 00:08:02,040
427
+ ู…ุชุฌุงูˆุฑุฉ ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ู…ุซู„ ู„ู‡ุง ุชุงู†ูŠ ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุงูƒูˆ ุฃูƒุฑูˆู…ูŠูˆู†
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:02,040 --> 00:08:04,980
431
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ูƒูˆุฑุงูƒูˆูŠุฏ ุจุฑูˆุณูˆุณ ูˆุงู„ุฃูƒุฑูˆู…ูŠูˆู†
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:04,980 --> 00:08:09,480
435
+ ุฅุจุฑูˆุณุณุนุณุงุณ ู…ุง ุชุตูŠุฑุด ุงู†ู‡ ุฒูˆุงุฌุงู† ู„ู€ movement ุฃุซู†ุงุก
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:09,480 --> 00:08:13,940
439
+ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ shoulder ูˆ ุงู„ radio ulnar ุงู„ mid radio
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:13,940 --> 00:08:17,640
443
+ ulnar joints ูƒู…ุงู† joint ูˆ ุงู„ mid tibiofibular
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:17,640 --> 00:08:20,840
447
+ joint ูˆ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูˆ ุงู„ inferior
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:20,840 --> 00:08:25,100
451
+ tibiofibular joints ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ุฃู…ุซู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุฒูŠ
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:25,100 --> 00:08:30,730
455
+ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุฑุจุท ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุงู„ุจูŠู†ู‡ุงุจุชูƒูˆู†
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:30,730 --> 00:08:34,030
459
+ ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู† ุงู„ููŠุจูŠุง ู„ูˆ ุชูŠุจูŠุง ุจุชุญุฑูƒูˆุง
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:34,030 --> 00:08:37,430
463
+ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ูˆ ูƒุฏู‡ ุงู„ูƒูŠุฑูŠุฏูŠุง ูˆ ู„ุฃู† ุงู„ููŠุจูŠุง ู‡ู… ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:37,430 --> 00:08:41,970
467
+ subination ูˆ ุงู„ pronation ูˆู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุฑุงุจุท
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:08:41,970 --> 00:08:47,050
471
+ ุญุชู‰ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุถู…ุชูŠู† ู…ุง ูŠู†ููƒูˆุง ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ู…ุงู„ู€ slightly
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:08:47,050 --> 00:08:51,590
475
+ movable joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณู…ูˆู‡ ุงู„ู€ Amphiarthrosis joint
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:08:51,590 --> 00:08:55,970
479
+ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† ูƒุงุฑุชูŠู„ูŠุฌู†ุณ ุฌูˆุงู†ุณ ุจุฑู…ุช ู…ูˆุดู† ุฃูˆ more
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:08:55,970 --> 00:09:00,850
483
+ motion of the adjacent bone ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ุณู† ุฃุฑุถูŠุงู„
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:00,850 --> 00:09:06,130
487
+ ุฌูˆุงู†ุณ ุทุจุนุง ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุณู†ูƒู†ุฏุฑูˆุณูŠุฒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุซู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:06,710 --> 00:09:12,510
491
+ ุงู„ู€ sternocostal joints ูˆูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ุงุจูŠููŠุฒูŠุง ุงู„ุงุจู„ุงุชูŠ
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:12,510 --> 00:09:17,050
495
+ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุญุชู‰ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ุจุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:17,050 --> 00:09:22,910
499
+ ุงู„ู†ู…ูˆ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆ ุชุทูˆุฑ ู„ู„ุจูˆู† ู‡ุฐุง ุงุจุชุฏูƒ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:22,910 --> 00:09:27,530
503
+ ูุชุฑุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุฌุงู„ ู„ุฅู† ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุทูˆู„ ูˆ ุชูˆุงูƒุจ ุงู„ู„ู‰
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:27,530 --> 00:09:31,890
507
+ ู‡ูˆ ู†ู…ูˆ ูˆ ุงู„ุชุทูˆุฑ ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ูˆู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† thin
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:31,890 --> 00:09:35,170
511
+ layer of hyaline cartilage
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:38,830 --> 00:09:43,710
515
+ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€Synthesis Jones ูู‡ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€Pubic Synthesis
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:43,710 --> 00:09:49,590
519
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฑุจุท two pubic bone of the pelvic bone ููŠ
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:49,590 --> 00:09:52,890
523
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€Jones ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุซู†ุจู„ุงุช ุฃูˆููŠุงู„ูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ุฏุณูƒ
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:09:52,890 --> 00:09:57,310
527
+ ูƒุฏู‡ ุนุงู…ู„ separated a disc fibro cartilage from the
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:09:57,310 --> 00:10:01,930
531
+ bone ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ุนุถู…ุชูŠู† ูˆููŠ ุจูŠู†ู‡ู… ูƒุฏู‡ู‡ูˆ ุฒูŠ
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:01,930 --> 00:10:08,590
535
+ disk ูƒุฏู‡ ุฃูˆ ู‚ุฑุต ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ุนุฑุจูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:08,590 --> 00:10:13,110
539
+ ุญุชู‰ ูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุถู…ุชูŠู† ูˆุจู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูŠูุตู„
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:13,110 --> 00:10:18,850
543
+ ุนุถู…ุชูŠู† ุนู† ุจุนุถ ูˆ ูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ูุตู„ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุณูŠุทุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:18,850 --> 00:10:22,150
547
+ disk ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ intervertebral disk ูˆ ุฒูŠ
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:22,150 --> 00:10:27,590
551
+ ุงู„pupus synthesis ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ู…ูˆุถุญ ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:28,520 --> 00:10:33,080
555
+ ุงู„ freely movable joints ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ diaarthrosis or
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:33,080 --> 00:10:38,580
559
+ synovial joints ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู…ุนุธู… ู…ูุงุตู„ ุฌุณู…
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:38,580 --> 00:10:42,420
563
+ ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู†ุŒ ู…ูุงุตู„ ุฌุณู… ุงู„ุฅู†ุณุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชุณู…ุญ ุจุงู„
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:42,420 --> 00:10:46,180
567
+ functional movementุŒ ุงู„ locomotionุŒ ุงู„ .. ูƒู„
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:46,180 --> 00:10:48,320
571
+ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฅุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ููŠ ุงู„ daily activity
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:10:48,320 --> 00:10:52,520
575
+ ุจุชุญุชุงุฌ ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ุฑุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ joints
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:10:52,880 --> 00:10:57,400
579
+ ุงู„ุญูุงุธ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุณุฏ ูŠุชู… ุชุบุทูŠู‡ ุจุงู„ู€ Articular
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:10:57,400 --> 00:11:01,980
583
+ Cartilage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู‡ูŠุงู„ูŠู† ูƒุงุฑุชูŠู„ุงุฌ ูˆุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ูƒู…ุงู†
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:01,980 --> 00:11:06,420
587
+ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจุงู„ูƒุงุจุณูˆู„ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง Senovial Membrane
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:06,420 --> 00:11:10,600
591
+ ูˆููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง Senovial Fluid inside ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ Senovial
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:10,600 --> 00:11:13,740
595
+ Membrane ุฃูˆ Lining ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ labrication
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:14,790 --> 00:11:19,510
599
+ ุงู„ุณูŠู†ูˆููŠุงู„ ุงู„ูู„ูˆุฏ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ุซู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ ู†ูŠุฌูˆู† ุฒูŠ
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:19,510 --> 00:11:22,850
603
+ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง capsule ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:22,850 --> 00:11:25,910
607
+ ุณูŠู†ูˆููŠุงู„ membrane ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุณูŠู†ูˆููŠุงู„ cavity ูˆ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:25,910 --> 00:11:29,090
611
+ ุงู„ุณูŠู†ูˆููŠุงู„ cavity ุจุชูƒูˆู† full of ุณูŠู†ูˆููŠุงู„ fluid
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:29,090 --> 00:11:31,670
615
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง cartilage ุทุจู‚ุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:31,670 --> 00:11:35,680
619
+ cartilageุทุจู‚ุชูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ cartilageุŒ ุงู„
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:35,680 --> 00:11:41,940
623
+ cartilage ุญุชู‰ ูŠู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ู…ุน ุงู„ .. ุญุชู‰ ูŠู…ู†ุน
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:11:41,940 --> 00:11:44,000
627
+ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ู…ุน ุงู„ two bones
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:11:48,650 --> 00:11:52,450
631
+ ุทุจุนุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง many types of synovial joints ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:11:52,450 --> 00:11:55,390
635
+ ุงู„ gliding joints ููŠ in these joints the
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:11:55,390 --> 00:12:00,350
639
+ articulating bone surface are nearly flat ุทุจุนุง ุงู„
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:00,350 --> 00:12:04,510
643
+ gliding ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุณ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุฅุฒุงุญุฉ
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:04,510 --> 00:12:09,850
647
+ ูู‚ุท ูˆู‡ูŠ non axial gliding ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุทุจุนุง
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:09,850 --> 00:12:13,030
651
+ examples include intermetatarsal ูˆ ุงู„
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:13,030 --> 00:12:17,800
655
+ intermetacarpal ูˆ ุงู„ intertarsal jointsูˆุงู„ู€ facet
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:17,800 --> 00:12:21,380
659
+ joints ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ vertebral ู‡ูŠ ู…ุซู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:21,380 --> 00:12:28,440
663
+ gliding joints ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ hinge joint ู‡ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูƒุชุฑ
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:28,440 --> 00:12:32,600
667
+ mobility ุงู„ุฃู‡ู… ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง two surfaces
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:32,600 --> 00:12:38,460
671
+ ู…ู†ู‡ุง convex ูˆ ู…ู†ู‡ุง concave surface ุทุจุนุง ู„ุงุฒู… ุชูƒูˆู†
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:38,460 --> 00:12:44,060
675
+ two ends of the bone ู…ุฑุจุทูŠู† ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ strong ูƒู„ุฉ ุชุฑู‰
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:44,060 --> 00:12:48,030
679
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุฌู…ุช ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุจูŠู† ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰Restriction ู„ู„ู€
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:48,030 --> 00:12:52,590
683
+ movement ููŠ ุงู„ planner ูˆู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:12:52,590 --> 00:12:58,450
687
+ hinge-like motion ุงู„ example ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ ulnar humeral
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:12:58,450 --> 00:13:01,330
691
+ joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ elbow joint ูˆ ุงู„ interphalangeal
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:01,330 --> 00:13:06,830
695
+ joint ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ pivot joint ูู‡ูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ rotation ุทุจุนุง
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:06,830 --> 00:13:09,510
699
+ ุงุญู†ุง ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู† ุฃู†ูˆุงุน ุงู„ joints ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:09,510 --> 00:13:14,710
703
+ ููŠู‡ุง limitedููŠ plan ู…ุนูŠู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุจุชุณู…ุญ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:14,710 --> 00:13:18,230
707
+ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ hinge joint ุจุณู…ุญ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ููŠ one
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:18,230 --> 00:13:22,290
711
+ plan ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ societal ุจplan ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ pivot joint
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:22,290 --> 00:13:26,490
715
+ ูู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ุง ุจุณู…ุญู„ู‡ ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ rotation ุงู„ rotation
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:26,490 --> 00:13:30,950
719
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุงู„ horizontal plan ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:30,950 --> 00:13:34,810
723
+ rotation around and axis ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู„ู‡ุง
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:34,810 --> 00:13:38,810
727
+ ุงู„atlanto axial jointูˆ ุงู„ proximal ูˆ ุงู„ distal
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:38,810 --> 00:13:42,490
731
+ radio ulnar joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ูˆู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ subination
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:42,490 --> 00:13:46,070
735
+ ูˆ ุงู„ pronation ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ Atlanta axial ูู‡ูŠ movement
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:46,070 --> 00:13:50,530
739
+ of the neck in right and left rotation ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุดูƒู„ ุงู„
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:13:50,530 --> 00:13:54,450
743
+ hinge joint ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุฅุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุซู„ ู„ู„
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:13:54,450 --> 00:13:58,790
747
+ elbow joint ุฃู…ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ pivot ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ุฏูˆุฑุงู† around
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:13:58,790 --> 00:14:03,780
751
+ and axisู‡ู†ุง ุบุงู„ุจุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ Sagittal Plan
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:03,780 --> 00:14:10,160
755
+ ุฃู…ุง ู‡ู†ุง ุญุฑูƒุฉ ููŠ Transverse Plan ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ Condyloid
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:10,160 --> 00:14:14,100
759
+ Joint ุงู„ Condyloid Joint ูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนูŠู†ู†ุง two
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:14:14,100 --> 00:14:18,360
763
+ oval convex and concave surface ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:18,360 --> 00:14:23,500
767
+ ู…ุซุจุชูŠู† ููˆู‚ ุจุนุถ ReciprocallyูŠุนู†ูŠ ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:23,500 --> 00:14:27,880
771
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ .. ุจุงู„ุดูƒู„ ู‡ุฐุง one convex and one
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:27,880 --> 00:14:31,920
775
+ concave surface ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ afflection ูˆ
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:31,920 --> 00:14:34,800
779
+ extension ููŠ ุงู„ุณุฌู†ุฉ ุงู„ุฅุจู„ุงู† ูˆ abduction ูˆ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:34,800 --> 00:14:38,700
783
+ adduction ููŠ ุงู„ frontal ุฅุจู„ุงู† ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุณู…ุญ ุงู„ู†ุงุฆุจ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:38,700 --> 00:14:44,560
787
+ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ circumduction ูƒู…ุงู† ุฎููŠูุฉ ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุด
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:14:44,560 --> 00:14:50,990
791
+ ูุชุฑูŠ ุฅุจู„ุงู†ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ example ู‡ู†ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุงู„ meta
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:14:50,990 --> 00:14:56,010
795
+ -carbo-phalangeal joints ุงู„ุฃุฑุจุนุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุจุฏุฃ ู…ู†
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:14:56,010 --> 00:15:00,490
799
+ ุงู„ index ู„ ุงู„ fifth .. ุงู„ second ู„ ุงู„ fifth joint
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:00,490 --> 00:15:04,590
803
+ ูˆ .. ูˆ ุงู„ radio-carbal joints ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:04,590 --> 00:15:07,210
807
+ ุงู„ wrist joint ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู„ูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ flexion,
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:07,350 --> 00:15:12,980
811
+ extension, adduction ุฃูˆ radialradio ูˆ ulnar
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:12,980 --> 00:15:16,980
815
+ movement ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ radial deviation ูˆ ุงู„ ulnar
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:16,980 --> 00:15:22,220
819
+ deviation ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ุตุฏู„ joint ูู‡ูˆ ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจุดุจู‡ ุจุญุฑูƒุฉ
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:22,220 --> 00:15:25,660
823
+ ุงู„ุตุฏู„
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:15:25,660 --> 00:15:30,190
827
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุณุฑุฌ ุงู„ุญุตุงู†ูƒูŠู ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ูุงุฑุณ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุณุฑุฌ
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:15:30,190 --> 00:15:35,890
831
+ ุงู„ุญุตุงู†ุŸ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชุทุงุจู‚ ู…ุง ุจูŠู† ุงู„ .. ุฒูŠ .. ุฒูŠ
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:15:35,890 --> 00:15:38,850
835
+ ุงู„ูƒุฑุณูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ูุงุฑุณ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุญุตุงู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:15:38,850 --> 00:15:42,550
839
+ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ ุณุฑุฌ ุงู„ุญุตุงู†ุŒ ุงู„ movement ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุฒูŠ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:15:42,550 --> 00:15:45,690
843
+ ุงู„condyloid joint ู„ูƒู† ุจุชุนุทูŠ greater movement ุฒูŠ ุงู„
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:15:45,690 --> 00:15:50,340
847
+ metacarbophalangeal joint of the thumbุฃู…ุง ุงู„ ball
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:15:50,340 --> 00:15:56,680
851
+ and socket ูู‡ูˆ freely movable joints ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:15:56,680 --> 00:16:00,700
855
+ movement in three planes of movement ูˆุงู„ู…ุซู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ุง
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:16:00,700 --> 00:16:04,880
859
+ ุทุจุนุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง convex and concave shape
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:04,880 --> 00:16:10,500
863
+ ู„ูƒู† ูˆูƒุฃู†ู‡ุง ุนุงู…ู„ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุฑุฉ ูˆ ุงู„ุฌุฑุงุจ ุชุจุนู‡ุง ุจุชุนุทูŠู†ูŠ
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:10,500 --> 00:16:14,300
867
+ rotation ููŠ ุงู„ three planes ุฒูŠ ุงู„ hip and shoulder
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:14,300 --> 00:16:19,670
871
+ joint ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ synaphear joints veryุจุชุฎุชู„ู ูƒุซูŠุฑู‹ุง
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:19,670 --> 00:16:25,050
875
+ ููŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„ู…ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูƒู…ุง ุดู‡ุฏุช ููŠ ุงู„ููŠุฌูˆุฑูŠุฉ ุงู„ุชูŠ
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:25,050 --> 00:16:30,530
879
+ ุณู†ุดุงู‡ุฏู‡ุง ุฅู†ู‡ู… ุนุงู…ู‹ุง ู…ุณุชุฎุฏู…ูŠู† ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ุนุฏุฏ ู…ู†
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:16:30,530 --> 00:16:34,710
883
+ ุงูƒุณุณุงุช ุงู„ุชุญูˆู„ ุทุจุนู‹ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงูƒุณุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ ุฃูˆ ุงูƒุณุณ
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:16:34,710 --> 00:16:39,190
887
+ ุงุซู†ุงู† ุงูˆ ุงูƒุณุณ ุซู„ุงุซ ูุงู„ุงูƒุณุณ ูˆุงุญุฏ ูŠุณู…ู‰ uniaxialูˆุงู„ู€
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:16:39,190 --> 00:16:43,170
891
+ two axis ุจูŠุณู…ู‰ biaxial ูˆุงู„ู€ three axis ุจูŠุณู…ู‰
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:16:43,170 --> 00:16:51,510
895
+ triaxial ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ููŠุฌุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูˆุถุญู„ูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุจุดูƒู„
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:16:51,510 --> 00:16:55,490
899
+ ุนุงู… ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ูƒู†ุฏู„ุงูŠุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุงู„ two axisู‡ู†ุง ุงู„
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:16:55,490 --> 00:16:58,770
903
+ ball and socket ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ three axis ุฅู† ุงู„ gliding
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:16:58,770 --> 00:17:03,270
907
+ joint ุงู„ movement non axial movement ูู‚ุท ู‡ูŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:03,270 --> 00:17:06,970
911
+ gliding ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ pivot ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุงู„
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:06,970 --> 00:17:11,010
915
+ rotation ูˆู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ุตุฏู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ metacarpophalangeal
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:11,010 --> 00:17:16,970
919
+ joint of the thumb ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจ two plantsุŒ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:16,970 --> 00:17:19,690
923
+ deflection, extension, abduction, adduction ูˆูƒู…ุง๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:19,690 --> 00:17:21,670
927
+ ุจูŠุนุทูŠู†ูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ opposition
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:17:24,110 --> 00:17:28,070
931
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ few joints where only limited motion is
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:17:28,070 --> 00:17:32,530
935
+ permitted in any direction are termed non-axial ูˆ
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:17:32,530 --> 00:17:35,890
939
+ ุงู„ู€ joint motion capability also sometimes
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:17:35,890 --> 00:17:39,470
943
+ described in terms of degree of freedom ูู„ู…ุง ู†ุชูƒู„ู…
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:17:39,470 --> 00:17:42,290
947
+ ุนู† movement in one plan ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง one degree of
948
+
949
+ 238
950
+ 00:17:42,290 --> 00:17:46,740
951
+ freedom ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู€ uniaxialูˆ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ two plan
952
+
953
+ 239
954
+ 00:17:46,740 --> 00:17:51,080
955
+ ุจุชุณู…ู‰ bi-axial ุจุชุณู…ู‰ two degree of freedom ูˆ ูƒุฐู„ูƒ
956
+
957
+ 240
958
+ 00:17:51,080 --> 00:17:55,040
959
+ ุงู„ tri-axial joint ุจุชุณู…ู‰ three degree of freedom
960
+
961
+ 241
962
+ 00:17:55,040 --> 00:17:59,640
963
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุงูŠ ู…ุตู…ูŠุงุช ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ู†ู‚ุฑุฃู‡ุง ููŠ ุนุฏุฉ
964
+
965
+ 242
966
+ 00:17:59,640 --> 00:18:03,440
967
+ ู…ุฑุงุฌุน ุญุชู‰ ู†ูƒูˆู† ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†ู‡ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ synovial
968
+
969
+ 243
970
+ 00:18:03,440 --> 00:18:07,240
971
+ structure ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ associated with the
972
+
973
+ 244
974
+ 00:18:07,240 --> 00:18:11,550
975
+ diarthroุฃุฑุซุฑูˆุฏูŠุงู„ ุฌูˆู†ุณ ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุจุฑุตุฉ
976
+
977
+ 245
978
+ 00:18:11,550 --> 00:18:14,750
979
+ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุฏูˆู†ุดูŠุช ุงูŠุด ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุจุฑุตุฉ ูˆุงู„ุชู†ุฏูˆู†ุดูŠุช ุชุนู…ู„
980
+
981
+ 246
982
+ 00:18:14,750 --> 00:18:19,650
983
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ facilitation ู„ุงู„ู…ovement ูˆ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ุชู†ุฏูˆู† ุงูˆ
984
+
985
+ 247
986
+ 00:18:19,650 --> 00:18:22,710
987
+ ู„ู„ structure ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
988
+
989
+ 248
990
+ 00:18:22,710 --> 00:18:29,390
991
+ ุงู„ุจุฑุตุฉ ุชู‚ุฑูŠุจุง ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† small capsules ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ
992
+
993
+ 249
994
+ 00:18:29,390 --> 00:18:34,530
995
+ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ูŠ ุฃู‚ูˆู„ ู…ุฎุฏุฉ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ within the synovial
996
+
997
+ 250
998
+ 00:18:34,530 --> 00:18:39,190
999
+ membraneูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ุง synovial fluid ูˆุธูŠูุชู‡ุง
1000
+
1001
+ 251
1002
+ 00:18:39,190 --> 00:18:42,990
1003
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ู…ุฎุฏุฉ separating ุงู„ bone ุนู† ุงู„ bone ุงูˆ ุงู„
1004
+
1005
+ 252
1006
+ 00:18:42,990 --> 00:18:47,190
1007
+ tendon ุนู† ุงู„ bone ุญุชู‰ ุชู…ู†ุน ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1008
+
1009
+ 253
1010
+ 00:18:47,190 --> 00:18:51,290
1011
+ ู‡ุชูƒูˆู† heart from the structure ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠู…ุฑ ู…ู† ุฎู„ุงู„ู‡
1012
+
1013
+ 254
1014
+ 00:18:51,290 --> 00:18:54,090
1015
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชุฎูŠู„ ุงู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง tendon ู‡ูˆ ู‚ุงุนุฏ ุทูˆู„ ู…ุง
1016
+
1017
+ 255
1018
+ 00:18:54,090 --> 00:18:57,990
1019
+ ู‡ูˆ ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠุญู‚ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุถู… ุชุฎูŠู„ูˆุง ุงู†ู‡ ู†ู…ุณูƒ ุญุจู„
1020
+
1021
+ 256
1022
+ 00:18:57,990 --> 00:19:05,070
1023
+ ุงุญู†ุง ูˆ ู†ุถู„ู†ุง ุงู†ุญุช ููŠููŠ ุนุถู…ุฉ ุงูˆ ููŠ ู„ูˆุญ ุฎุดุจูŠ ุงุด ุจุตูŠุฑ
1024
+
1025
+ 257
1026
+ 00:19:05,070 --> 00:19:08,790
1027
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุชู†ู‚ุทุน ุงู…ุง ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุญุทูŠู†ุง ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุญุทูŠู†ุง ู†ุฎุฏุฉ ูˆ
1028
+
1029
+ 258
1030
+ 00:19:08,790 --> 00:19:12,970
1031
+ ูƒู†ุง ุจู†ู…ุฑุฑ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุด ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ ูŠู†ุทู‚ ุงู„ most bursa
1032
+
1033
+ 259
1034
+ 00:19:12,970 --> 00:19:16,870
1035
+ separate tendon from bone reducing the friction of
1036
+
1037
+ 260
1038
+ 00:19:16,870 --> 00:19:21,210
1039
+ the tendon during joint motion ุทุจุนุง some bursaู…ุซู„
1040
+
1041
+ 261
1042
+ 00:19:21,210 --> 00:19:25,470
1043
+ ุงู„ุงูˆู„ูŠูƒุฑุงู†ูˆู† ุงู„ุจุฑุตุฉ ุงู„ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุชุญุช ุงู„ุงูˆู„ูŠูƒุฑุงู†ูˆู† ู…ู†
1044
+
1045
+ 262
1046
+ 00:19:25,470 --> 00:19:30,130
1047
+ ุงู„ุจูˆู† ุจุชูุตู„ ุงู„ุจูˆู† ุนู† ุงู„ skin ุนุดุงู† ู…ุงูŠูƒูˆู†ุด ุงู„ skin
1048
+
1049
+ 263
1050
+ 00:19:30,130 --> 00:19:36,290
1051
+ ู…ุจุงุดุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุจูˆู† ุงู…ุง ุงู„ tendon sheets ูู‡ูˆ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
1052
+
1053
+ 264
1054
+ 00:19:36,290 --> 00:19:40,870
1055
+ ุบู„ุงู ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุบู„ุงู ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจู†ุญุทู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุงูŠ ุงุดู‰ ุงุญู†ุง
1056
+
1057
+ 265
1058
+ 00:19:40,870 --> 00:19:44,530
1059
+ ุญุชู‰ ู†ุญู…ูŠู‡ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู† double layer synovial structure
1060
+
1061
+ 266
1062
+ 00:19:44,530 --> 00:19:48,100
1063
+ that surround ุงู„ tendonpositioned in clothes
1064
+
1065
+ 267
1066
+ 00:19:48,100 --> 00:19:51,560
1067
+ associated with moonุŒ ุงู„ tendon sheet ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ sheet
1068
+
1069
+ 268
1070
+ 00:19:51,560 --> 00:19:55,260
1071
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู„ู„ tendon ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุจูŠู…ุฑ ุนู„ู‰
1072
+
1073
+ 269
1074
+ 00:19:55,260 --> 00:20:01,060
1075
+ ุงู„ุนุถู… ุงู„ุนุถู„ุŒ many of the long muscle tendon ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1076
+
1077
+ 270
1078
+ 00:20:01,060 --> 00:20:04,880
1079
+ ุจุชุนุฏูŠ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ wrist ูˆ ุงู„ finger ุจุชูƒูˆู† protected by
1080
+
1081
+ 271
1082
+ 00:20:04,880 --> 00:20:09,140
1083
+ tendon sheets ุญุชู‰ ุชู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุงุนุฏูŠูƒุงุงู„ุฑูˆุญ ู„ู…ูˆุถูˆุน ู…ู‡ู…
1084
+
1085
+ 272
1086
+ 00:20:09,140 --> 00:20:11,780
1087
+ related ู„ูƒู„ุงู… ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุญูƒูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ joint
1088
+
1089
+ 273
1090
+ 00:20:11,780 --> 00:20:16,080
1091
+ stabilityุŒ ุทุจุนุง the stability of an articulation
1092
+
1093
+ 274
1094
+ 00:20:16,080 --> 00:20:21,860
1095
+ is its ability to resist dislocationุŒ ุฅูŠุด ูŠุนู†ูŠุŸ
1096
+
1097
+ 275
1098
+ 00:20:21,860 --> 00:20:25,620
1099
+ ุฃู†ุง ุจุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† jointุŒ ุงู„ joint ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุธู„ ููŠ ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ุŒ
1100
+
1101
+ 276
1102
+ 00:20:25,620 --> 00:20:29,900
1103
+ ู…ุงูŠู†ูุตู„ ุฃูˆ ู…ุงูŠู†ุฒุญ ุฃูˆ ู…ุงูŠู†ุณูุฑุŒ ููŠ ู„ุง dislocation
1104
+
1105
+ 277
1106
+ 00:20:29,900 --> 00:20:33,900
1107
+ ูˆู„ุง subluxationุŒ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู„ุงุจุฏ ูŠู†ุฎู„ุน ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ูˆุงู„ู„ูŠ
1108
+
1109
+ 278
1110
+ 00:20:33,900 --> 00:20:37,580
1111
+ ุจุฏูŠู‡ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุชุญุฑูƒ ู…ู† ู…ูƒุงู†ู‡ ุจุญูŠุซ ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุง ูŠุนู…ู„ูŠุด ุฃู„ู…
1112
+
1113
+ 279
1114
+ 00:20:37,580 --> 00:20:43,440
1115
+ ุดุฏูŠุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุณุฏ especially it is the ability to
1116
+
1117
+ 280
1118
+ 00:20:43,440 --> 00:20:46,740
1119
+ resist the displacement of one bone end with
1120
+
1121
+ 281
1122
+ 00:20:46,740 --> 00:20:51,860
1123
+ respect to another ูˆูƒู…ุงู† to prevent injury to the
1124
+
1125
+ 282
1126
+ 00:20:51,860 --> 00:20:52,320
1127
+ ligament
1128
+
1129
+ 283
1130
+ 00:21:00,060 --> 00:21:04,400
1131
+ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€ shape of the articulating bone
1132
+
1133
+ 284
1134
+ 00:21:04,400 --> 00:21:10,120
1135
+ surface ุทุจุนุง ู…ู‡ู… ูƒุชูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ mechanical joints ุงู„
1136
+
1137
+ 285
1138
+ 00:21:10,120 --> 00:21:14,960
1139
+ articulating part are exact opposition in shape so
1140
+
1141
+ 286
1142
+ 00:21:14,960 --> 00:21:18,480
1143
+ that fit tightly together ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ูˆ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุงู†
1144
+
1145
+ 287
1146
+ 00:21:18,480 --> 00:21:23,290
1147
+ ุงู„ุณุทุญูˆุงู„ุณุทุญ ูƒูˆู†ูƒุงุจ ูˆู…ุชู„ุจุณูŠู† ููŠ ุจุนุถ ูˆุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†
1148
+
1149
+ 288
1150
+ 00:21:23,290 --> 00:21:26,710
1151
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุดูƒู„ ุงู„ู‡ู† ุงู„ุฌุงูŠู†ุฏ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุชุทุงุจู‚ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ
1152
+
1153
+ 289
1154
+ 00:21:26,710 --> 00:21:30,130
1155
+ ุงู„ุตุฏุฑ ุงู„ุฌุงู†ุฏ ูˆ ุงู„ ball and socket ุฌุงู†ุฏ ู„ูƒู† ููŠ
1156
+
1157
+ 290
1158
+ 00:21:30,130 --> 00:21:33,790
1159
+ ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ human body the
1160
+
1161
+ 291
1162
+ 00:21:33,790 --> 00:21:35,950
1163
+ articulating end of the bone
1164
+
1165
+ 292
1166
+ 00:21:44,540 --> 00:21:50,240
1167
+ ู…ุนุธู… ุงู„ู…ุฌู„ุฏุงุช ู„ุฏูŠู‡ุง ู…ุฌู„ุฏุงุช ู…ุชุตุฑูุฉ ูˆู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ูŠู†
1168
+
1169
+ 293
1170
+ 00:21:50,240 --> 00:21:54,180
1171
+ ูˆู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ูŠู† ูˆู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ูŠู†
1172
+
1173
+ 294
1174
+ 00:21:54,340 --> 00:21:59,000
1175
+ ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ู…ุซู„ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุงู„ุดูˆุฑุฏุฑุŒ ุงู„ุดูˆุฑุฏุฑุŒ ู„ุฃ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ุงู„
1176
+
1177
+ 295
1178
+ 00:21:59,000 --> 00:22:03,880
1179
+ head of the humerus ู…ุด ู…ุชุทุงุจู‚ุฉ ุชู…ุงู…ุง ู…ุน ุงู„
1180
+
1181
+ 296
1182
+ 00:22:03,880 --> 00:22:06,820
1183
+ leganoid cavity ุนุดุงู† ููŠู‡ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง labrum
1184
+
1185
+ 297
1186
+ 00:22:06,820 --> 00:22:10,680
1187
+ acetaglialaeุŒ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ congruence ุชุจุน ุงู„ุฌู†ุงุฒุฉ
1188
+
1189
+ 298
1190
+ 00:22:10,680 --> 00:22:14,260
1191
+ and there is typical one position of best fit in
1192
+
1193
+ 299
1194
+ 00:22:14,260 --> 00:22:17,580
1195
+ which the area of contact is maximumูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
1196
+
1197
+ 300
1198
+ 00:22:17,580 --> 00:22:20,780
1199
+ position ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ closed back
1200
+
1201
+ 301
1202
+ 00:22:20,780 --> 00:22:24,900
1203
+ position ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ position ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุฃูƒุชุฑ
1204
+
1205
+ 302
1206
+ 00:22:24,900 --> 00:22:28,360
1207
+ ุฅุดูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง greatest stability ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠู‡ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
1208
+
1209
+ 303
1210
+ 00:22:28,360 --> 00:22:33,340
1211
+ ุจูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุชุฑ ุฅุดูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ stability
1212
+
1213
+ 304
1214
+ 00:22:33,340 --> 00:22:40,830
1215
+ ูˆููŠ ุชู…ุงุซ ุฃูˆ ููŠ contact ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two ends of boneุทุจุนุง
1216
+
1217
+ 305
1218
+ 00:22:40,830 --> 00:22:44,830
1219
+ ุฃูŠ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุจุนูŠุฏุฉ ุนู† ุงู„ closed back
1220
+
1221
+ 306
1222
+ 00:22:44,830 --> 00:22:48,990
1223
+ ูุจู†ุณู…ูŠู‡ุง ุงู„ lose back position ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1224
+
1225
+ 307
1226
+ 00:22:48,990 --> 00:23:01,150
1227
+ ุฃู‚ู„ ุงู„ contact ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two bone endsูˆ ุฃูŠ
1228
+
1229
+ 308
1230
+ 00:23:01,150 --> 00:23:05,450
1231
+ ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู†
1232
+
1233
+ 309
1234
+ 00:23:05,450 --> 00:23:10,790
1235
+ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ู‡ู†ุง
1236
+
1237
+ 310
1238
+ 00:23:10,790 --> 00:23:15,930
1239
+ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ูƒุชูŠุฑ stable some articulating surfaces are
1240
+
1241
+ 311
1242
+ 00:23:15,930 --> 00:23:20,970
1243
+ shaped so that in both close and in back position
1244
+
1245
+ 312
1246
+ 00:23:21,380 --> 00:23:25,420
1247
+ there is either a large or small amount of contact
1248
+
1249
+ 313
1250
+ 00:23:25,420 --> 00:23:29,540
1251
+ area and consequently more or less stability ุทุจุนุง
1252
+
1253
+ 314
1254
+ 00:23:29,540 --> 00:23:34,000
1255
+ ู‡ุฐุง ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู† ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ููŠ ุจุนุถ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู†ู‚ูˆู„
1256
+
1257
+ 315
1258
+ 00:23:34,000 --> 00:23:37,880
1259
+ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง relaxing position ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงู† ุงู„ ligaments
1260
+
1261
+ 316
1262
+ 00:23:37,880 --> 00:23:41,800
1263
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูƒุชูŠุฑ ุฑุงููŠุฉ ู„ุฃ ูˆุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ุฐุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุนู…ู„ ุญุฑูƒุฉ
1264
+
1265
+ 317
1266
+ 00:23:41,800 --> 00:23:45,290
1267
+ ุงูˆ ู…ุงุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ุนู…ู„ ุญุฑูƒุฉุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ acetabulum
1268
+
1269
+ 318
1270
+ 00:23:45,290 --> 00:23:49,170
1271
+ provide a relatively deep socket for the head ุทุจุนุง
1272
+
1273
+ 319
1274
+ 00:23:49,170 --> 00:23:53,930
1275
+ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ acetabulum ููŠ ุฌุฑุงุจ ูƒุงู…ู„ ูˆู…ุญุงุทุฉ ูƒู„ ุงู„
1276
+
1277
+ 320
1278
+ 00:23:53,930 --> 00:23:58,230
1279
+ head of a female ู…ุญุงุทุฉ ุจุงู„ acetabulum ูˆุฏุงุฆู…ุง ููŠ
1280
+
1281
+ 321
1282
+ 00:23:58,230 --> 00:24:02,350
1283
+ ุนู†ุง large amount of contact ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุณู…ูŠ ุงู„
1284
+
1285
+ 322
1286
+ 00:24:02,740 --> 00:24:05,780
1287
+ ุงู„ู€ hip joint is a stable joint ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ shoulder
1288
+
1289
+ 323
1290
+ 00:24:05,780 --> 00:24:09,400
1291
+ ู„ุฃ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง small glenoid ูุตุฉ ูˆ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ููŠ ุงู„
1292
+
1293
+ 324
1294
+ 00:24:09,400 --> 00:24:12,520
1295
+ vertical diameter ู„ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ุตู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
1296
+
1297
+ 325
1298
+ 00:24:12,520 --> 00:24:15,500
1299
+ approximately 75% of the vertical diameter ููŠ
1300
+
1301
+ 326
1302
+ 00:24:15,500 --> 00:24:18,600
1303
+ contact of the humeral head and horizontal
1304
+
1305
+ 327
1306
+ 00:24:18,600 --> 00:24:23,080
1307
+ diameter ุจุณ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง 60%ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุจู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
1308
+
1309
+ 328
1310
+ 00:24:23,080 --> 00:24:28,620
1311
+ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
1312
+
1313
+ 329
1314
+ 00:24:28,620 --> 00:24:36,840
1315
+ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ
1316
+
1317
+ 330
1318
+ 00:24:36,860 --> 00:24:41,680
1319
+ ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ู†ุญู† ู†ุนุฑู ุฃู†
1320
+
1321
+ 331
1322
+ 00:24:41,680 --> 00:24:45,280
1323
+ ุงู„ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ู‡ูˆ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ู…ูˆุจุงูŠู„ ูˆูƒุฐู„ูƒ ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ู…ุณุชู‚ู„
1324
+
1325
+ 332
1326
+ 00:24:45,280 --> 00:24:50,240
1327
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ู„ุง ูŠูˆุฌุฏ ู…ู‚ุงุฑู†ุฉ ุญู‚ูŠู‚ูŠุฉ ุจูŠู† ุฑุฆูŠุณ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูˆู…ูŠุฑุณ
1328
+
1329
+ 333
1330
+ 00:24:50,240 --> 00:24:55,100
1331
+ ูˆุงู„ุฃุณุงุชุฑูˆู„ุงุจ ุฅุตู„ุงุญุงุช ุฃู†ุงุทู…ุฉ ู„ู„ุชุบูŠูŠุฑ ููŠ ุดูƒู„ ูˆู…ุนู…ูˆู…ุฉ
1332
+
1333
+ 334
1334
+ 00:24:55,100 --> 00:24:58,900
1335
+ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ู…ูˆุจุงูŠู„ ูˆู…ุนู…ูˆู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ ู…ูˆุจุงูŠู„ ูˆู…ุนู…ูˆู…ุฉ ู…ุฌู„ุฏ
1336
+
1337
+ 335
1338
+ 00:25:01,800 --> 00:25:05,360
1339
+ Some people have joints that are more or less
1340
+
1341
+ 336
1342
+ 00:25:05,360 --> 00:25:08,620
1343
+ stable than averageุŒ ุฎู„ู‘ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ
1344
+
1345
+ 337
1346
+ 00:25:08,620 --> 00:25:11,880
1347
+ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… flexibility ู‡ุฏูˆู„ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู„ูŠู‡ู… ู„ุงุญู‚ุงุŒ ูˆ ููŠ
1348
+
1349
+ 338
1350
+ 00:25:11,880 --> 00:25:14,920
1351
+ ู†ุงุณ ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฅู† ู‡ู… ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุน ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1352
+
1353
+ 339
1354
+ 00:25:14,920 --> 00:25:18,420
1355
+ ุฒูˆุบุงู† ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ุŒ ุน ุงู„ุณุฑูŠุน ู…ู…ูƒู† ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡
1356
+
1357
+ 340
1358
+ 00:25:18,420 --> 00:25:22,300
1359
+ ุฎู„ู‚ ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ุŒ ูˆู‡ูƒุฐุง ุงู„ variations ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1360
+
1361
+ 341
1362
+ 00:25:22,300 --> 00:25:26,650
1363
+ individualregion of the ligament and the muscle
1364
+
1365
+ 342
1366
+ 00:25:26,650 --> 00:25:31,170
1367
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู† ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ ligament ูˆ ุงู„ muscle ูˆ ุงู„
1368
+
1369
+ 343
1370
+ 00:25:31,170 --> 00:25:33,790
1371
+ muscle tendon affect relatively the stability of
1372
+
1373
+ 344
1374
+ 00:25:33,790 --> 00:25:37,070
1375
+ the joint ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ knee joint ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„
1376
+
1377
+ 345
1378
+ 00:25:37,070 --> 00:25:41,790
1379
+ shoulder joint ุงู„ bone ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ configuration is
1380
+
1381
+ 346
1382
+ 00:25:41,790 --> 00:25:46,970
1383
+ not particularly stable ู„ูŠุดุŸ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ููŠ ุญุฌู… ุงู„ุนุถู…
1384
+
1385
+ 347
1386
+ 00:25:46,970 --> 00:25:51,820
1387
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ู…ุฎุชู„ู ู…ุง ุจูŠู†ุงู„ู€ two ends of the bone
1388
+
1389
+ 348
1390
+ 00:25:51,820 --> 00:25:55,720
1391
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู€ humerus ุงู„ู€ head ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง ุฃูƒุจุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€
1392
+
1393
+ 349
1394
+ 00:25:55,720 --> 00:26:00,080
1395
+ acetabulum ุงู„ femoral condyle ุฃูƒุชุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ plateau
1396
+
1397
+ 350
1398
+ 00:26:00,080 --> 00:26:05,080
1399
+ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุชูŠุจูŠุง ุทุจุนุง ุชูƒูˆู† ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ู„ูŠุฌุงู…ู† ูˆ
1400
+
1401
+ 351
1402
+ 00:26:05,080 --> 00:26:08,700
1403
+ muscle contribute in the stability ูˆู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ
1404
+
1405
+ 352
1406
+ 00:26:08,700 --> 00:26:12,200
1407
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ holding the articular bones in together
1408
+
1409
+ 353
1410
+ 00:26:12,200 --> 00:26:16,360
1411
+ ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู†ุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ tissue weak ูƒู…ู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ disuse
1412
+
1413
+ 354
1414
+ 00:26:16,360 --> 00:26:20,750
1415
+ ุฃูˆ laxityfrom being overstretched ุทุจุนุง ุจุชู‚ู„ ุงู„
1416
+
1417
+ 355
1418
+ 00:26:20,750 --> 00:26:24,370
1419
+ stability ูˆ ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠ reduction ู„ู„ stability ูˆ ุจุตูŠุฑ
1420
+
1421
+ 356
1422
+ 00:26:24,370 --> 00:26:27,870
1423
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‰ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู…ุนุฑุถ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ
1424
+
1425
+ 357
1426
+ 00:26:27,870 --> 00:26:31,390
1427
+ dislocation ุงูˆ subluxation ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ strong ligament
1428
+
1429
+ 358
1430
+ 00:26:31,390 --> 00:26:34,970
1431
+ ุงู„ muscle ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ stability ุนุดุงู†ูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุญุชู‰
1432
+
1433
+ 359
1434
+ 00:26:34,970 --> 00:26:38,410
1435
+ ู„ูˆ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุญูŠุงุชู†ุง ุงู„ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู†ุง ุงูŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ
1436
+
1437
+ 360
1438
+ 00:26:38,410 --> 00:26:41,270
1439
+ ุงู„ ligament ุจู†ุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุชู‚ูˆูŠุฉ ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุงู„ู…ุญูŠุทุฉ
1440
+
1441
+ 361
1442
+ 00:26:41,270 --> 00:26:46,220
1443
+ ุจุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุญุชู‰ ุงู†ู‡ูˆุถ ุงู„ุฎู„ู„ ุงู„ุญุงุตู„ ููŠ ุงู„ ligamentุนู†
1444
+
1445
+ 362
1446
+ 00:26:46,220 --> 00:26:50,660
1447
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ stability of the muscle ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„
1448
+
1449
+ 363
1450
+ 00:26:50,660 --> 00:26:53,200
1451
+ stretching of the quadriceps and the hamstring
1452
+
1453
+ 364
1454
+ 00:26:53,200 --> 00:26:56,860
1455
+ group ุฏู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏู†ูŠ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู†ูˆุง stable
1456
+
1457
+ 365
1458
+ 00:26:56,860 --> 00:27:00,980
1459
+ ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ to muscle ุจูŠุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ stability of the
1460
+
1461
+ 366
1462
+ 00:27:00,980 --> 00:27:05,340
1463
+ knee ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ู‡ู†ุดูˆู ุงู„ complexity ุชุจุน ุงู„ knee
1464
+
1465
+ 367
1466
+ 00:27:05,340 --> 00:27:08,220
1467
+ joint ููŠ ุงู„ illustration ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชูˆุง ุดุงูŠููŠู† ุงู„
1468
+
1469
+ 368
1470
+ 00:27:08,220 --> 00:27:11,380
1471
+ knee joint ุจุชู…ุชุน ุจุนุฏุฏ ูƒุจูŠุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ ligaments ูˆ ุงู„
1472
+
1473
+ 369
1474
+ 00:27:11,380 --> 00:27:14,380
1475
+ tendons ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชู…ุฑุนู„ูŠู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงู„ lateral collateral
1476
+
1477
+ 370
1478
+ 00:27:14,380 --> 00:27:18,580
1479
+ ligament ูˆ ุงู„ media collateral ligament ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง
1480
+
1481
+ 371
1482
+ 00:27:18,580 --> 00:27:21,840
1483
+ ุดุงูŠููŠู† ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุง media meniscus ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุง lateral
1484
+
1485
+ 372
1486
+ 00:27:21,840 --> 00:27:25,560
1487
+ meniscus ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏูˆุง ุงู„ congruent ุณุจุนุช ุงู„ joints
1488
+
1489
+ 373
1490
+ 00:27:25,560 --> 00:27:28,600
1491
+ ูˆ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุงู„ anterior ูˆ ุงู„ posterior ุงู„ุฌุฑุงููŠุงุช
1492
+
1493
+ 374
1494
+ 00:27:28,600 --> 00:27:32,740
1495
+ ligament ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุฒูˆุฏูˆุง ุงู„ stabilityTowards the
1496
+
1497
+ 375
1498
+ 00:27:32,740 --> 00:27:35,800
1499
+ anterior and posterior drawer of the knee ูˆููŠ
1500
+
1501
+ 376
1502
+ 00:27:35,800 --> 00:27:40,160
1503
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ุชู†ุฏุจุงุช ุงู„ู„ูŠู‡ ูˆ ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง ุงู„ู…ู†ุธูˆู…ุฉ ุงู„ูƒุจูŠุฑุฉ
1504
+
1505
+ 377
1506
+ 00:27:40,160 --> 00:27:44,740
1507
+ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุตู„ ุงู„ู†ูŠู‡ ู…ู† ุฃู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุฃูŠ
1508
+
1509
+ 378
1510
+ 00:27:44,740 --> 00:27:49,240
1511
+ displacement ุฃูˆ distraction ุทุจุนุง ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ angle of
1512
+
1513
+ 379
1514
+ 00:27:49,240 --> 00:27:54,670
1515
+ attachment of the most tendonto the bone ุจุณุงุนุฏ
1516
+
1517
+ 380
1518
+ 00:27:54,670 --> 00:27:58,690
1519
+ ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ arrangement ู‡ุฐู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุฉ ู„ูˆ ุนู…ู„ุช ุฃูŠ
1520
+
1521
+ 381
1522
+ 00:27:58,690 --> 00:28:01,630
1523
+ tension when the muscle exert tension ุงู„
1524
+
1525
+ 382
1526
+ 00:28:01,630 --> 00:28:04,470
1527
+ articulation end of the bone and the joint across
1528
+
1529
+ 383
1530
+ 00:28:04,470 --> 00:28:08,910
1531
+ are pulled closer together ุญุชู‰ ุชุชุฒูˆุฏ ู„ stability
1532
+
1533
+ 384
1534
+ 00:28:08,910 --> 00:28:12,260
1535
+ to enhance stability of the jointููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ
1536
+
1537
+ 385
1538
+ 00:28:12,260 --> 00:28:15,400
1539
+ usually found when the muscle on the opposite side
1540
+
1541
+ 386
1542
+ 00:28:15,400 --> 00:28:18,180
1543
+ of the joint producing simultaneously ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ุฉ
1544
+
1545
+ 387
1546
+ 00:28:18,180 --> 00:28:22,320
1547
+ synergy ุจูŠู† ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุดุบู„ ูุชุงู†ูŠุฉ ุจุชุดุบู„ ุจุชุณุงุนุฏ
1548
+
1549
+ 388
1550
+ 00:28:22,320 --> 00:28:27,500
1551
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุชุญู…ูŠ ูˆุชุนู…ู„ ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุญูˆู„ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ู„ู…ุง
1552
+
1553
+ 389
1554
+ 00:28:27,500 --> 00:28:30,600
1555
+ ุชูƒูˆู† fatigue ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ joint stability ูˆ ุงู„
1556
+
1557
+ 390
1558
+ 00:28:30,600 --> 00:28:34,040
1559
+ injuryุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ุจุชุญุตู„ ูุจุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏูŠ .. ุงุฐุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏูŠ
1560
+
1561
+ 391
1562
+ 00:28:34,040 --> 00:28:37,380
1563
+ fatigability ููŠ ุงู„ muscle ูุงู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ุญู…ุงูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰
1564
+
1565
+ 392
1566
+ 00:28:37,380 --> 00:28:42,080
1567
+ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุงู‚ู„ ููŠุจู‚ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† less stable ุทุจุนุง ุงุฐุง
1568
+
1569
+ 393
1570
+ 00:28:42,080 --> 00:28:46,940
1571
+ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง crushier ligament rupture ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู„ู…ุง
1572
+
1573
+ 394
1574
+ 00:28:46,940 --> 00:28:50,000
1575
+ ุงู„ tension ููŠ ุงู„ fatigue muscle surrounding ุฏู†ูŠู‡
1576
+
1577
+ 395
1578
+ 00:28:50,000 --> 00:28:53,560
1579
+ inadequate to protect ุงู„ crushier ligament from
1580
+
1581
+ 396
1582
+ 00:28:53,560 --> 00:28:57,760
1583
+ being stretched beyond their elastic limitุทุจุนุง ููŠ
1584
+
1585
+ 397
1586
+ 00:28:57,760 --> 00:29:00,120
1587
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง other connective tissues ุฒูŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
1588
+
1589
+ 398
1590
+ 00:29:00,120 --> 00:29:03,040
1591
+ ุงู„ูุงุดูŠุง ุงู„ูุงุดูŠุง surrounding the muscle ูˆู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ููŠ
1592
+
1593
+ 399
1594
+ 00:29:03,040 --> 00:29:09,740
1595
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุดูŠุท ุฏุงูŠู…ุง ุจุญูŠุท ุงู„ุนุถู„ุงุช ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ bundles of
1596
+
1597
+ 400
1598
+ 00:29:09,740 --> 00:29:12,600
1599
+ muscle fibers within the muscle provide protection
1600
+
1601
+ 401
1602
+ 00:29:12,600 --> 00:29:16,140
1603
+ and support ูˆู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูŠุก ู…ู†ุทู‚ูŠ ุงู„ particularly
1604
+
1605
+ 402
1606
+ 00:29:16,140 --> 00:29:17,860
1607
+ strong permanent
1608
+
1609
+ 403
1610
+ 00:29:22,230 --> 00:29:25,830
1611
+ ุงู„ูุงุดูŠุง ุฒูŠ ุงู„ู€ ileotapial band ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€
1612
+
1613
+ 404
1614
+ 00:29:25,830 --> 00:29:29,410
1615
+ lateral aspect of the knee ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุนู„ู‰ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุงู„
1616
+
1617
+ 405
1618
+ 00:29:29,410 --> 00:29:34,310
1619
+ stability of the knee joint ุงู„ูุงุดูŠุง ูุงุดูŠุง and the
1620
+
1621
+ 406
1622
+ 00:29:34,310 --> 00:29:39,070
1623
+ skin on the exterior of the body and other tissue
1624
+
1625
+ 407
1626
+ 00:29:39,430 --> 00:29:42,670
1627
+ that contribute and show integrity ุทุจุนุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ุฌุณู…
1628
+
1629
+ 408
1630
+ 00:29:42,670 --> 00:29:46,550
1631
+ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ู…ุญู‚ ุจุงู„ูุงุดูŠุฉ ูˆุจุนุฏ ุงู„ูุงุดูŠุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู…
1632
+
1633
+ 409
1634
+ 00:29:46,550 --> 00:29:51,630
1635
+ ุนู† muscles ุงู„ muscle ู‡ุฐู‡ sorry ุจู†ุชูƒู„ู… ุนู† ุงู„ุฌู‡ุงุฒ
1636
+
1637
+ 410
1638
+ 00:29:51,630 --> 00:29:57,040
1639
+ ุงู„ู‡ูŠูƒู„ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ุฑุชุจุทุฉ ู…ุน ุจุนุถ ุนู†
1640
+
1641
+ 411
1642
+ 00:29:57,040 --> 00:30:00,320
1643
+ ุทุฑูŠู‚ articulations ุงู„ู„ูŠ ููŠ ุงู„ articulations ู‡ุฐู‡
1644
+
1645
+ 412
1646
+ 00:30:00,320 --> 00:30:03,320
1647
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุฃุฑุจุทุฉ ูˆ connective tissue ูƒู…ุงู† ุงู„ู…ุตู„ ุจุชูƒูˆู†
1648
+
1649
+ 413
1650
+ 00:30:03,320 --> 00:30:06,620
1651
+ ู…ุญูŠุท ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุนุธูŠู… ุนุดุงู† ุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ stability ุชุจุนุชู‡ ูˆ
1652
+
1653
+ 414
1654
+ 00:30:06,620 --> 00:30:09,780
1655
+ ูƒู…ุงู† ููŠ ุนูŠู†ุงู‡ ูุงุดูŠุฉ ูˆ ููŠ ุนูŠู†ุงู‡ skin ู‡ุฐู‡ ูƒู„ู‡ุง
1656
+
1657
+ 415
1658
+ 00:30:09,780 --> 00:30:13,360
1659
+ ู…ู†ุธูˆู…ุฉ ุฑุจู†ุง ุณุจุญุงู†ู‡ ูˆุชุนุงู„ู‰ ุฎู„ู‚ู‡ุง ุญุชู‰ ุชุณุงุนุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
1660
+
1661
+ 416
1662
+ 00:30:13,360 --> 00:30:16,580
1663
+ stability ูˆ ุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ stabilityูˆุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจู†ูˆุตู„
1664
+
1665
+ 417
1666
+ 00:30:16,580 --> 00:30:20,600
1667
+ ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุจุณ ุจู†ูˆุถุญ ููŠ
1668
+
1669
+ 418
1670
+ 00:30:20,600 --> 00:30:24,520
1671
+ ู†ู‡ุงูŠุชู‡ุง ุงู„ุงู„ูŠูˆุชูŠุจูŠุง ุงู„ tract ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ู…ู† ุงู„ hip
1672
+
1673
+ 419
1674
+ 00:30:24,520 --> 00:30:29,940
1675
+ ู„ุฃุณูู„ knee ุญุชู‰ ุชุฒูˆุฏ ุงู„ stability ุชุจุน ุงู„ lateral
1676
+
1677
+ 420
1678
+ 00:30:29,940 --> 00:30:35,320
1679
+ part of the knee joint ุจู‡ูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ูƒูˆู† ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู„ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ
1680
+
1681
+ 421
1682
+ 00:30:35,320 --> 00:30:39,900
1683
+ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ู†ุฑุงูƒู… ุงู† ุดุงุก ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ
1684
+
1685
+ 422
1686
+ 00:30:39,900 --> 00:30:43,780
1687
+ ุจุฅุฐู† ุงู„ู„ู‡ ู‡ู†ุชูƒู„ู… ููŠู‡ุง ุนู† ุงู„ joint flexibility
1688
+
PL9fwy3NUQKwbSzKa8RyaijzcvmsYocon2/ViKq_mJ2EJY.srt ADDED
@@ -0,0 +1,947 @@
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1
+ 1
2
+ 00:00:02,750 --> 00:00:09,650
3
+ ุจู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ fluid .. the fluid film fabrication ู‡ูŠ ููŠ ..
4
+
5
+ 2
6
+ 00:00:09,650 --> 00:00:12,630
7
+ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ two modes ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ุงู„ cartilage ู„ู…ุง
8
+
9
+ 3
10
+ 00:00:12,630 --> 00:00:16,190
11
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ movement ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ุงู†ู‡ ุจูŠุชุนุฑุถ ู„ two stresses
12
+
13
+ 4
14
+ 00:00:16,190 --> 00:00:20,450
15
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ tangential ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุงู„ tensile
16
+
17
+ 5
18
+ 00:00:20,450 --> 00:00:23,090
19
+ force ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ surface ูˆ ุงู„ compressive
20
+
21
+ 6
22
+ 00:00:23,090 --> 00:00:27,190
23
+ ูƒู…ุงู† force ุฃูˆ stress ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ .. ุงู„
24
+
25
+ 7
26
+ 00:00:27,190 --> 00:00:31,980
27
+ movement ุงู„ู€ hydrodynamic ู‡ู†ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู‡ deformation
28
+
29
+ 8
30
+ 00:00:31,980 --> 00:00:39,060
31
+ ูˆ ุจูŠุชุญู‚ู‚ ูˆ ุจูŠุธู‡ุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ tangential movement ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ
32
+
33
+ 9
34
+ 00:00:39,060 --> 00:00:42,720
35
+ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงู…ุณุฉ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ stretch
36
+
37
+ 10
38
+ 00:00:45,510 --> 00:00:49,430
39
+ ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ squeeze film fabrication ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚
40
+
41
+ 11
42
+ 00:00:49,430 --> 00:00:51,350
43
+ .. ู…ุงุฏุงู… ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง squeeze ู…ุนู†ุงู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
44
+
45
+ 12
46
+ 00:00:51,350 --> 00:00:55,270
47
+ perpendicular ุฃูˆ axial force ูŠุนู†ูŠ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
48
+
49
+ 13
50
+ 00:00:55,270 --> 00:00:59,750
51
+ compression ุงู„ compression ู‡ู†ุง ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„
52
+
53
+ 14
54
+ 00:00:59,750 --> 00:01:05,090
55
+ fabrication ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠ .. ุจูŠุทู„ุน only for a
56
+
57
+ 15
58
+ 00:01:05,090 --> 00:01:10,910
59
+ short duration ูˆ .. ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ูƒู„ ู…ูƒุงู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฃูƒุซุฑ
60
+
61
+ 16
62
+ 00:01:10,910 --> 00:01:14,910
63
+ load ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูƒู„ ู…ุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ squeeze ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ squeeze
64
+
65
+ 17
66
+ 00:01:14,910 --> 00:01:18,990
67
+ ุจุตูŠุฑ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู†ุช ุงู„ force ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุฃูˆ ูƒุงู† wet peering ุฃูƒุซุฑ
68
+
69
+ 18
70
+ 00:01:18,990 --> 00:01:23,570
71
+ ูู‡ูŠ ุจุชุธู‡ุฑ ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ fabrication ููŠ ู‡ุฐู‡
72
+
73
+ 19
74
+ 00:01:23,570 --> 00:01:27,790
75
+ ุงู„ุญุงู„ุฉ ุงู„ boundary lubrication ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰
76
+
77
+ 20
78
+ 00:01:27,790 --> 00:01:31,750
79
+ ุงู„ุญูˆุงู ุจูŠู† ุงู„ articular surfaces ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ two
80
+
81
+ 21
82
+ 00:01:31,750 --> 00:01:35,840
83
+ articular surfaces happen when the layer molecules
84
+
85
+ 22
86
+ 00:01:35,840 --> 00:01:40,400
87
+ adheres to each of two articular surfaces that are
88
+
89
+ 23
90
+ 00:01:40,400 --> 00:01:45,620
91
+ gliding past each other ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ู…ู„ุงุตู‚ุฉ ุจุงู„ ..
92
+
93
+ 24
94
+ 00:01:45,620 --> 00:01:51,040
95
+ ุจุงู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ articular cartilage ุงู„ู€ mechanism ุจุชุตูŠุฑ
96
+
97
+ 25
98
+ 00:01:51,040 --> 00:01:56,640
99
+ the surface are protected by an adsorbed layer of
100
+
101
+ 26
102
+ 00:01:56,640 --> 00:02:00,380
103
+ boundary lubrication which prevent direct surface
104
+
105
+ 27
106
+ 00:02:00,380 --> 00:02:03,980
107
+ to surface contact and eliminate most of the
108
+
109
+ 28
110
+ 00:02:03,980 --> 00:02:07,160
111
+ surface layer ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐู‡ ุงู„ lubrication ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
112
+
113
+ 29
114
+ 00:02:07,160 --> 00:02:12,960
115
+ ุจุชู…ู†ุน ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุจูŠู† ุงู„ two articular surfaces
116
+
117
+ 30
118
+ 00:02:13,850 --> 00:02:17,310
119
+ depends on the chemical properties of the
120
+
121
+ 31
122
+ 00:02:17,310 --> 00:02:22,850
123
+ lubricant ุงู„ viscosity ุชุจุนุชู‡ุง and ุงู„ ุงู„ bearing
124
+
125
+ 32
126
+ 00:02:22,850 --> 00:02:29,610
127
+ material ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ุฃุณุทูˆุญ ุชุจุนุช ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุงู„ู…ูƒูˆู†ุฉ ู„ู„
128
+
129
+ 33
130
+ 00:02:29,610 --> 00:02:33,170
131
+ joints ุทุจุนุง ููŠู‡ ุฃู† ุงู„ synovial joint ุงุญู†ุง ุนุงุฑููŠู†
132
+
133
+ 34
134
+ 00:02:33,170 --> 00:02:35,610
135
+ ู‡ูŠ big joint ูˆู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ููŠู‡ุง synovial fluid
136
+
137
+ 35
138
+ 00:02:39,010 --> 00:02:45,670
139
+ ูุจุชูƒูˆู† specific glycoproteins lubricin ุงุณู…ู‡ุง
140
+
141
+ 36
142
+ 00:02:45,670 --> 00:02:49,470
143
+ lubricin appeared to be the synovial fluid
144
+
145
+ 37
146
+ 00:02:49,470 --> 00:02:53,110
147
+ constituent responsible for boundary lubrication
148
+
149
+ 38
150
+ 00:02:53,110 --> 00:02:56,930
151
+ ู‡ุฐู‡ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ูู‰ ุงู„ synovial
152
+
153
+ 39
154
+ 00:02:56,930 --> 00:03:01,530
155
+ fluid ุงู„ู„ู‰ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ุงู„ lubrication ูˆ ุทุจุนุง ู„ู…ุง ุจุชู‚ู„ ู‡ุฐู‡
156
+
157
+ 40
158
+ 00:03:01,530 --> 00:03:06,850
159
+ ุงู„ู…ุงุฏุฉ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ .. ุจุชุฒูŠุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ wear and tear ูˆ
160
+
161
+ 41
162
+ 00:03:06,850 --> 00:03:15,550
163
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุฎุดูˆู†ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ุนุธุงู… ุฃูˆ ุฎู„ู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ููŠ
164
+
165
+ 42
166
+ 00:03:15,550 --> 00:03:16,250
167
+ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„
168
+
169
+ 43
170
+ 00:03:19,390 --> 00:03:23,070
171
+ ุทุจุนุง ู†ุฑูˆุญ ู„ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง stress strain curve of the
172
+
173
+ 44
174
+ 00:03:23,070 --> 00:03:27,050
175
+ articular cartilage ุงู„ articular cartilage ุทุจุนุง
176
+
177
+ 45
178
+ 00:03:27,050 --> 00:03:30,750
179
+ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุงู† ู‡ูˆ anisotropic ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุฑูƒูŠุจุฉ
180
+
181
+ 46
182
+ 00:03:30,750 --> 00:03:35,730
183
+ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ุฃูˆ ุชุตููŠูุฉ ู…ุฎุชู„ูุฉ ู„ ุงู„ collagen ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ
184
+
185
+ 47
186
+ 00:03:35,730 --> 00:03:42,410
187
+ ููŠู‡ ูˆ ุงู†ู‡ heterogeneous ู…ุด ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุชุฑูƒูŠุจ ูุจุงู„ุชุงู„ูŠ
188
+
189
+ 48
190
+ 00:03:42,410 --> 00:03:44,710
191
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ ..
192
+
193
+ 49
194
+ 00:03:47,740 --> 00:03:53,220
195
+ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุช .. ุจุชุนู…ู„ู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ุงุฎุชู„ุงู ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
196
+
197
+ 50
198
+ 00:03:53,220 --> 00:03:58,160
199
+ ุงู„ stiffness ุจูƒูˆู† ุทุจุนุง ุนุงุฏุฉ ุงู„ articular cartilage
200
+
201
+ 51
202
+ 00:03:58,160 --> 00:04:02,480
203
+ ุจูƒูˆู† stiffer ูˆ stronger ู„ู…ุง ุจู†ุงุฎุฏ ุงู„ basement ู…ู†
204
+
205
+ 52
206
+ 00:04:02,480 --> 00:04:08,500
207
+ ุงู„ parallel ู†ุงุฎุฏ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ .. ุงู„ .. ุงู„ cartilage
208
+
209
+ 53
210
+ 00:04:08,500 --> 00:04:13,460
211
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ููŠู‡ุง ุชุตููŠุช ุงู„ collagen parallel ูˆ ุทุจุนุง
212
+
213
+ 54
214
+ 00:04:13,460 --> 00:04:16,580
215
+ ุจุชุฎุชู„ู ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุฃุฎุฏู†ุงู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุชุตููŠุชู‡ุง
216
+
217
+ 55
218
+ 00:04:16,580 --> 00:04:21,360
219
+ perpendicular ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฅู† ู‡ูˆ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ู† ุชู„ุงุชุฉ
220
+
221
+ 56
222
+ 00:04:21,360 --> 00:04:26,140
223
+ layers ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงู„ุฃูˆู„ู‰ ู†ูŠู‡ ุงู„ู…ุต ุจุฑููŠุดุงู„ ู‡ูŠ ุนุจุงุฑุฉ ุนู†
224
+
225
+ 57
226
+ 00:04:26,140 --> 00:04:31,440
227
+ parallel ูƒู„ ุฌู† ุชุตููŠุชู‡ุง ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุชุตููŠุชุฉ
228
+
229
+ 58
230
+ 00:04:31,440 --> 00:04:34,080
231
+ ุนุดูˆุงุฆูŠุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุตุจุนุฏูŠู† ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ perpendicular
232
+
233
+ 59
234
+ 00:04:34,080 --> 00:04:38,480
235
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู…ู„ุงู…ุณุฉ ู„ุณุทุญ ุงู„ bone ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุตูุทุฉ
236
+
237
+ 60
238
+ 00:04:38,480 --> 00:04:42,860
239
+ ุนู…ูˆุฏูŠุง ูˆ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ูƒู„ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ุชุฑูƒุจุชู‡ุง ุชุฎุชู„ู ุนู† ุงู„ุชุงู†ูŠุฉ
240
+
241
+ 61
242
+ 00:04:42,860 --> 00:04:47,460
243
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠ ู…ุนุฑุถุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุณุทุญ ู…ุนุฑุถ ู„ู„ tensile
244
+
245
+ 62
246
+ 00:04:47,460 --> 00:04:53,020
247
+ force ูˆ ุงู„ deeper ุงู„ surfaces ู…ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ู„ compressive
248
+
249
+ 63
250
+ 00:04:53,020 --> 00:04:54,760
251
+ force
252
+
253
+ 64
254
+ 00:04:56,340 --> 00:05:00,660
255
+ ุทุจุนุง ุฅุฐุง ุฃุฎุฏู†ุง specimen ุฃูˆ ู‚ุทุนุฉ ู…ู† .. ู…ู† ุงู„
256
+
257
+ 65
258
+ 00:05:00,660 --> 00:05:04,420
259
+ superficial region ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฏุฉ stiffer and stronger
260
+
261
+ 66
262
+ 00:05:04,420 --> 00:05:08,720
263
+ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ deeper region
264
+
265
+ 67
266
+ 00:05:10,500 --> 00:05:15,300
267
+ ุงู„ articular cartilage ุทุจุนุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจูƒูˆู† stiffer ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูƒู„
268
+
269
+ 68
270
+ 00:05:15,300 --> 00:05:21,180
271
+ ู…ุง ุฒุงุฏ ุงู„ strain ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุงู„ .. in the stress strain
272
+
273
+ 69
274
+ 00:05:21,180 --> 00:05:24,400
275
+ curve ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุดุงูŠููŠู†ู‡ ููŠ ุนู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุงู†ุชู… ุดุงูŠููŠู†
276
+
277
+ 70
278
+ 00:05:24,400 --> 00:05:29,280
279
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุฃูˆู„ ู…ุง ุจุชุจุฏุฃ .. ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุงู„ุฎูŠูˆุท ุทุจุนุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
280
+
281
+ 71
282
+ 00:05:29,280 --> 00:05:34,740
283
+ collagen ุชุตูŠุฑ ู…ุดุฏูˆุฏู‡ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุตูŠุฑ parallel ูƒู„ู‡ุง
284
+
285
+ 72
286
+ 00:05:34,740 --> 00:05:39,560
287
+ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ failure ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ
288
+
289
+ 73
290
+ 00:05:39,560 --> 00:05:44,780
291
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ rupture ูˆ ุจุชู†ู‚ุทุน ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง a two
292
+
293
+ 74
294
+ 00:05:44,780 --> 00:05:48,980
295
+ region ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุจุฏุช ุงู„ุฎูŠูˆุท ุฃูˆ ุจุฏุช ุงู„
296
+
297
+ 75
298
+ 00:05:48,980 --> 00:05:53,900
299
+ collagen fibers ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง pulling out ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
300
+
301
+ 76
302
+ 00:05:53,900 --> 00:05:58,780
303
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุงู„ realignment ูˆ ุจุนุฏูŠู† ุจุชุจุฏุฃ ุชุถุนู ูˆ ุชุถุนู ุฅู„ู‰
304
+
305
+ 77
306
+ 00:05:58,780 --> 00:06:04,050
307
+ ุฃู† ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ rupture ุทุจุนุง final near linear portion
308
+
309
+ 78
310
+ 00:06:04,050 --> 00:06:09,130
311
+ is caused by the stretching of the straightening
312
+
313
+ 79
314
+ 00:06:09,130 --> 00:06:13,150
315
+ alignment ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุดูˆูู†ุงู‡ุง ู‡ุงุฏูŠ ุจู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ุดูƒู„ ูƒูŠู ุตุงุฑ
316
+
317
+ 80
318
+ 00:06:13,150 --> 00:06:18,750
319
+ ุดูƒู„ู‡ุง parallel ูˆ straight ูˆ straight ู‡ู†ุง ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„
320
+
321
+ 81
322
+ 00:06:18,750 --> 00:06:21,490
323
+ part represents the tensile stiffness of the collagen
324
+
325
+ 82
326
+ 00:06:21,490 --> 00:06:26,990
327
+ itself ุงู„ failure ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ู…ุง ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู…ุงููŠุด ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„
328
+
329
+ 83
330
+ 00:06:26,990 --> 00:06:33,660
331
+ cartilage ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ุงู„ุดุฏ ุงู„ุญุงุตู„ ุนู„ูŠู‡ ุทุจุนุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„ู„ูŠ
332
+
333
+ 84
334
+ 00:06:33,660 --> 00:06:38,680
335
+ ุจูŠุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ุนูˆุงู…ู„ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ stress strain
336
+
337
+ 85
338
+ 00:06:38,680 --> 00:06:43,380
339
+ curve ู„ุงู„ cartilage ุงู„ tensile stiffness and
340
+
341
+ 86
342
+ 00:06:43,380 --> 00:06:47,820
343
+ strength of the articular cartilage ุจุชุนุชู…ุฏ ุนู„ู‰ ุฅูŠุด
344
+
345
+ 87
346
+ 00:06:47,820 --> 00:06:51,100
347
+ ุงู„ distance from the articular surface ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุงุญู†ุง
348
+
349
+ 88
350
+ 00:06:51,100 --> 00:06:56,180
351
+ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง more superficial ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ stiffness ู„ู„
352
+
353
+ 89
354
+ 00:06:56,180 --> 00:06:59,120
355
+ tensile force ูˆ ุงู„ deep ุฃูƒุซุฑ stiffness ู„ู„
356
+
357
+ 90
358
+ 00:06:59,120 --> 00:07:03,310
359
+ compressive force ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ tensile stiffness
360
+
361
+ 91
362
+ 00:07:03,310 --> 00:07:06,310
363
+ and strength of the articular decrease with the
364
+
365
+ 92
366
+ 00:07:06,310 --> 00:07:08,390
367
+ increase of the distance from the articular
368
+
369
+ 93
370
+ 00:07:08,390 --> 00:07:14,870
371
+ surface ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุฏูŠ ุจุงู„ layer ุฃู‚ู„ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ ู„ู„
372
+
373
+ 94
374
+ 00:07:14,870 --> 00:07:17,780
375
+ tensile force ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ direction ู„ู„ fibers ูู‚ู„ู†ุง
376
+
377
+ 95
378
+ 00:07:17,780 --> 00:07:24,620
379
+ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุงู„ parallel fibers ุจุชูƒูˆู† ุนุงุฏุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ
380
+
381
+ 96
382
+ 00:07:24,620 --> 00:07:31,040
383
+ ุนู„ู‰ ู…ู‚ุงูˆู…ุฉ tensile strength ูˆ ูƒู…ุงู† ุฃูƒุซุฑ ู…ู† ุงู„
384
+
385
+ 97
386
+ 00:07:31,040 --> 00:07:34,170
387
+ perpendicular ูˆ ุญูƒูŠู†ุง ุนู† ุชุตููŠุชุฉ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ุงู… ู„ูˆ ู…ุณูƒู†ุง
388
+
389
+ 98
390
+ 00:07:34,170 --> 00:07:38,510
391
+ ู…ุฌู…ูˆุนุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ุงู… ูˆ ุญุงูˆู„ู†ุง ู†ุดุฏู‡ุง ูˆ ู‡ูŠ ุจ .. ู… .. ู…
392
+
393
+ 99
394
+ 00:07:38,510 --> 00:07:41,630
395
+ .. ู…ุญุชูˆุทุฉ ุจูŠู† ุฅูŠุฏูŠู†ุง ุจุงู„ุนุฑุถ ุทุจ ู†ู‚ุฏุฑุด ู†ุดุฏู‡ุง ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ
396
+
397
+ 100
398
+ 00:07:41,630 --> 00:07:45,490
399
+ ูˆู‚ูู†ุงู‡ุง perpendicular ุจู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ูุฑู‚ ุงู„ุฃู‚ู„ุงู… ุนู† ุจุนุถู‡ุง
400
+
401
+ 101
402
+ 00:07:45,490 --> 00:07:51,590
403
+ ุจุตูˆุฑุฉ ุณุฑูŠุนุฉ ูุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุงู„ stiffness ู‡ูŠุฎุชู„ู ููŠ ุงู„ ..
404
+
405
+ 102
406
+ 00:07:51,590 --> 00:07:54,970
407
+ ุงู„ perpendicular part
408
+
409
+ 103
410
+ 00:07:56,010 --> 00:07:59,550
411
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู†ุง ุจุงู„ู†ุณุจุฉ ู„ู„ pathomechanics of the
412
+
413
+ 104
414
+ 00:07:59,550 --> 00:08:02,990
415
+ articular cartilage ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ cartilage ุฅุฐุง ุตุงุฑ ููŠ
416
+
417
+ 105
418
+ 00:08:02,990 --> 00:08:09,290
419
+ microstructure alteration ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงุญู†ุง ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุงู„
420
+
421
+ 106
422
+ 00:08:09,290 --> 00:08:14,690
423
+ stress ุฅูŠุด ุจูŠุนู…ู„ุŸ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ู„ูŠู‡ destruction ููŠ ุงู„
424
+
425
+ 107
426
+ 00:08:14,690 --> 00:08:19,570
427
+ cartilage ุฃูˆ micro destruction
428
+
429
+ 108
430
+ 00:08:19,570 --> 00:08:25,390
431
+ ู‡ู†ุง ุฅุฐุง ูƒุงู† ุงู„ microstructure is disrupted any
432
+
433
+ 109
434
+ 00:08:25,390 --> 00:08:29,050
435
+ mechanical damage mechanism becomes possible
436
+
437
+ 110
438
+ 00:08:29,050 --> 00:08:32,270
439
+ including impairment of the articular cartilage load
440
+
441
+ 111
442
+ 00:08:32,270 --> 00:08:36,550
443
+ transmission ability ุจู‚ุฏุฑ ูŠุชุญู…ู„ ู„ุฃ ุงู‚ุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
444
+
445
+ 112
446
+ 00:08:36,550 --> 00:08:39,630
447
+ ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุงู„ alarm ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„
448
+
449
+ 113
450
+ 00:08:39,630 --> 00:08:44,190
451
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ู„ุฅู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ .. ุงู„ cartilage
452
+
453
+ 114
454
+ 00:08:44,190 --> 00:08:48,310
455
+ ูˆ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุงู†ู‡ ุฃูŠ destruction ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„
456
+
457
+ 115
458
+ 00:08:48,310 --> 00:08:52,930
459
+ cartilage it is irreversible ูˆ ู…ุด ููŠู‡ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ู„ู„
460
+
461
+ 116
462
+ 00:08:52,930 --> 00:08:57,760
463
+ cartilage ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ repair ุฃูˆ ุงู„ regeneration ู„ูŠู‡ุŸ ู„ุฃู†
464
+
465
+ 117
466
+ 00:08:57,760 --> 00:09:01,880
467
+ ู‡ูˆ ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ vascularization ู…ุงููŠุด ููŠู‡ ุฏู… ูŠุจูŠ ูŠุฌูŠ
468
+
469
+ 118
470
+ 00:09:01,880 --> 00:09:05,780
471
+ ุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ู‡ูˆ ูƒุงู† ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุจูŠุนุชู…ุฏ ููŠ ุชุบุฐูŠุชู‡ ุนู„ู‰ ุฎุฑูˆุฌ
472
+
473
+ 119
474
+ 00:09:05,780 --> 00:09:09,420
475
+ ูˆ ุนูˆุฏุฉ ุงู„ุณูˆุงุฆู„ ู„ูƒู† ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ damage ู…ุงููŠุด ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ
476
+
477
+ 120
478
+ 00:09:09,420 --> 00:09:13,580
479
+ repair ูˆ healing ุจูŠุชุตูŠุฑ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ูˆ ุจุณ ุจุชุบุฐุง ู„ูƒู†
480
+
481
+ 121
482
+ 00:09:13,580 --> 00:09:18,080
483
+ ู…ุงุนู†ุฏู‡ ู‚ุฏุฑุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ .. ุงู„ repair ุทุจุนุง ุฅูŠุด ุงู„
484
+
485
+ 122
486
+ 00:09:18,080 --> 00:09:23,340
487
+ factors ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุช .. ุจุช .. ุจุชุฃุซุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ .. ุงู„
488
+
489
+ 123
490
+ 00:09:23,340 --> 00:09:26,520
491
+ degenerationุŸ ุฃูˆู„ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุงู„ magnitude of total load
492
+
493
+ 124
494
+ 00:09:26,520 --> 00:09:30,260
495
+ on the jointุŒ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุฑู ุฅู† ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุดุชุบู„
496
+
497
+ 125
498
+ 00:09:30,260 --> 00:09:34,360
499
+ ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ุจุชูˆู‚ู ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ุจุชุทู„ุน ุฏุฑุฌุฉ ูƒุซูŠุฑุŒ ุจุชุญู…ู„ ุซู‚ูŠู„ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
500
+
501
+ 126
502
+ 00:09:34,360 --> 00:09:37,440
503
+ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ู… regeneration ุฃูƒุซุฑ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ุญูˆุงุฏุซ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
504
+
505
+ 127
506
+ 00:09:37,440 --> 00:09:41,480
507
+ ุจุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ุถุฑุจุงุช ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„ ุฃูŠ fracture ุฃูŠ .. ุฃูŠ
508
+
509
+ 128
510
+ 00:09:41,480 --> 00:09:48,080
511
+ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุนู…ู„ูŠ ุจุนุฏ ู‡ูŠูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ
512
+
513
+ 129
514
+ 00:09:48,080 --> 00:09:52,660
515
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง ู…ู† ุงู„ complication osteoarthritis ุทูŠุจ ู‡ู†ุง
516
+
517
+ 130
518
+ 00:09:52,660 --> 00:09:56,060
519
+ ุทุจุนุง ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ cartilage ู‚ู„ู†ุง ู‡ูˆ ูƒ shock
520
+
521
+ 131
522
+ 00:09:56,060 --> 00:10:02,260
523
+ absorption ูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ู„ู€ ุงู„ loads ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชูŠุฌูŠ ุนู„ู‰
524
+
525
+ 132
526
+ 00:10:02,260 --> 00:10:08,380
527
+ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุทุจ ู„ุฃ ุงู†ุช ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุจู…ุนู†ู‰
528
+
529
+ 133
530
+ 00:10:08,380 --> 00:10:11,200
531
+ ุฃู†ู‡ ุตุงุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ููŠ ุงู„ู€ knee
532
+
533
+ 134
534
+ 00:10:11,200 --> 00:10:14,180
535
+ joint ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงู„ู€ meniscus ู…ุฎุฏุฑุชูŠู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏูŠู† ุนู„ู‰
536
+
537
+ 135
538
+ 00:10:14,180 --> 00:10:18,420
539
+ ุฌุงู†ุจูŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุทุจ ู„ูˆ ูˆุงุญุฏุฉ ู…ู†ู‡ู… ุฑุงุญุช ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ tear
540
+
541
+ 136
542
+ 00:10:18,420 --> 00:10:23,440
543
+ ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠ wear and tear ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูƒุงู† ู‡ุฐุง ุจุฏู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ
544
+
545
+ 137
546
+ 00:10:23,440 --> 00:10:27,540
547
+ intra-articular surface osteoarthritis
548
+
549
+ 138
550
+ 00:10:31,780 --> 00:10:35,980
551
+ ุทุจุนุง ู‡ู„ู‚ูŠุชู‡ุง ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ุฃูŠ ุถุฑุจุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู‡ุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡
552
+
553
+ 139
554
+ 00:10:35,980 --> 00:10:40,540
555
+ osteoarthritis ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ meniscusectomy ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ
556
+
557
+ 140
558
+ 00:10:40,540 --> 00:10:44,180
559
+ ููŠู‡ tearing ููŠ ุงู„ู€ meniscus osteoarthritis ุงูŠู‡ ุตุงุฑ
560
+
561
+ 141
562
+ 00:10:44,180 --> 00:10:50,720
563
+ fracture ุฃูˆ trauma inside the joint ู‡ู†ู‚ูŠุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ
564
+
565
+ 142
566
+ 00:10:50,720 --> 00:10:55,340
567
+ ุงู„ู€ meniscusectomy ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุนุงุฏุฉ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุงู„ู€ meniscus ุจูŠุนู…ู„
568
+
569
+ 143
570
+ 00:10:55,340 --> 00:11:02,520
571
+ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ู„ู„ู€ load ู„ูˆ ุงู†ุดุงู„ ู‡ุชุฒูŠุฏ ูุฑุตุฉ ุงู„ู€ wear and tear
572
+
573
+ 144
574
+ 00:11:02,520 --> 00:11:06,520
575
+ ูˆ ุจูŠุฒูŠุฏ ุงู„ู€ pressure ููŠ ู…ู†ุงุทู‚ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ุนู† .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ
576
+
577
+ 145
578
+ 00:11:06,520 --> 00:11:11,400
579
+ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุณูˆุก ููŠ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ู€ load inside the joint ูุจุชุตูŠุฑ
580
+
581
+ 146
582
+ 00:11:11,400 --> 00:11:18,000
583
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ wear and tear ุฃุณุฑุน ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุนู…ู„ู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ
584
+
585
+ 147
586
+ 00:11:18,000 --> 00:11:23,040
587
+ ููŠ ุชูˆุฒูŠุน ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ stress ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„
588
+
589
+ 148
590
+ 00:11:26,030 --> 00:11:28,850
591
+ ุงู„ู€ frequency of the total lot ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจูŠุดุชุบู„
592
+
593
+ 149
594
+ 00:11:28,850 --> 00:11:33,050
595
+ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ุง ุงูŠู‡ .. ุงูŠู‡ .. ุจุชุดุชุบู„ ููŠ ุฃูˆุถุงุน
596
+
597
+ 150
598
+ 00:11:33,050 --> 00:11:37,950
599
+ ู…ุนูŠู†ุฉ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู…ู‚ู„ู‚ุชู‡ุง ู…ุซู„ุง ุงู„ู€ .. ู„ูˆ ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ ..
600
+
601
+ 151
602
+ 00:11:37,950 --> 00:11:43,050
603
+ ุงู„ู€ players ุจุตูุฉ ุนุงู…ุฉุŒ ุฑู‚ุตุงุช ุงู„ู€ balletุŒ ุงุชุนู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู†
604
+
605
+ 152
606
+ 00:11:43,050 --> 00:11:46,270
607
+ ุงู„ู€ football playersุŒ ู„ูˆ ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง .. ู…ู‚ู„ู‚ุชู‡ุง ููŠ ุญุงุฌุฉ
608
+
609
+ 153
610
+ 00:11:46,270 --> 00:11:49,150
611
+ ุงุณู…ู‡ุง text neckุŒ ุงู„ู†ุงุณ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ุงุทูŠุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุทูˆู„ ููŠ
612
+
613
+ 154
614
+ 00:11:49,150 --> 00:11:55,680
615
+ ุงู„ุฌูˆุงู„ุงุชุŒ ู‡ุฐูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„ุงุฑู‡ุงู‚ ูˆ load ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€
616
+
617
+ 155
618
+ 00:11:55,680 --> 00:11:59,360
619
+ cartilage ูุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ degeneration
620
+
621
+ 156
622
+ 00:11:59,360 --> 00:12:04,280
623
+ ุฃุณุฑุน ู„ุฃู†ู‡ุง ุจุชุชุนุฑุถ ู„ู€ constant load ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุงู„ู€
624
+
625
+ 157
626
+ 00:12:04,280 --> 00:12:07,500
627
+ occupation ุฌุฒุก ู…ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู…ู‡ู†ุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
628
+
629
+ 158
630
+ 00:12:07,500 --> 00:12:12,840
631
+ ุจูŠู…ุชู‡ู†ู‡ุง ุงู„ุดุฎุต ูˆ ุฃุญูŠุงู† ุจุชูƒูˆู† bad habits ุฌู…ุน
632
+
633
+ 159
634
+ 00:12:14,670 --> 00:12:18,250
635
+ ุงู„ู€ immobilization ุงู„ูุชุฑุฉ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠู‡ุง
636
+
637
+ 160
638
+ 00:12:18,250 --> 00:12:21,250
639
+ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ููŠ ุญุงู„ุฉ ู…ู† ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง ุฃุตู„ุง ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€
640
+
641
+ 161
642
+ 00:12:21,250 --> 00:12:23,730
643
+ cartilage ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุงููŠุด ุญุฑูƒุฉ ู…ุงููŠุด
644
+
645
+ 162
646
+ 00:12:23,730 --> 00:12:27,450
647
+ ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ ุจุฏุนุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cartilage ูุทุจุนุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู…ุนุฑุถ ุงู„ุดุฎุต
648
+
649
+ 163
650
+ 00:12:27,450 --> 00:12:32,750
651
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ุตูŠุฑ ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู‡ ุชุฃูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ cartilage ู‚ูˆู„ู†ุง
652
+
653
+ 164
654
+ 00:12:32,750 --> 00:12:35,810
655
+ ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู‡ ุชุฃูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cartilage ุฃูˆ ุถุนูุฉ ุงู„ุชุบุฐูŠุฉ
656
+
657
+ 165
658
+ 00:12:35,810 --> 00:12:39,790
659
+ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cartilage ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ู‚ู„ุฉ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ูุฃูƒูŠุฏ ุงุญู†ุง
660
+
661
+ 166
662
+ 00:12:39,790 --> 00:12:42,550
663
+ ู…ู‚ุชู†ุนูŠู† ุฃู†ู‡ ู…ุงููŠุด repair ูˆ ู…ุงููŠุด regeneration
664
+
665
+ 167
666
+ 00:12:43,380 --> 00:12:45,940
667
+ regeneration ูุนุดุงู† ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ
668
+
669
+ 168
670
+ 00:12:45,940 --> 00:12:50,020
671
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุจุฑูƒุฉ ู„ุงุฒู… ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชุญุฑูƒ ุนุดุงู† ู…ุง ูุงุตู„ู†ุง ุชู‚ุฏุฑ ..
672
+
673
+ 169
674
+ 00:12:50,020 --> 00:12:52,840
675
+ ุนุดุงู† ู†ู‚ุฏุฑ ู†ุญู…ูŠ ู‡ุงู„ู€ cartilage ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูˆ
676
+
677
+ 170
678
+ 00:12:52,840 --> 00:12:55,640
679
+ ุงู„ูˆุธูŠูุฉ ุงู„ุฃุณุงุณูŠุฉ ููŠ ู…ู†ุน ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ูˆ shock
680
+
681
+ 171
682
+ 00:12:55,640 --> 00:13:02,270
683
+ absorption ูˆ .. ูˆ ุณู‡ูˆู„ุชู‡ ุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุทุจุนุง ููŠ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
684
+
685
+ 172
686
+ 00:13:02,270 --> 00:13:06,690
687
+ ูƒุซูŠุฑ disorders ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ู‡ู†ุง ู…ุด ุตุฏุฑ ุงุญู†ุง ู†ุชุนุฑุถ
688
+
689
+ 173
690
+ 00:13:06,690 --> 00:13:09,710
691
+ ู„ู‡ุง ุจุณ ู„ูˆ ูƒุงู† ููŠ ู…ุดุงูƒู„ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ structure ู„ู„ูƒูˆู„ุงุฌูŠู†
692
+
693
+ 174
694
+ 00:13:09,710 --> 00:13:13,190
695
+ ุฃูˆ ุงู„ู€ product ุงู„ู„ูŠ ูƒุงู† matrix ูุงู„ุทุจูŠุนูŠ ุงู†ู‡ ูŠูƒูˆู† ููŠ
696
+
697
+ 175
698
+ 00:13:13,190 --> 00:13:16,190
699
+ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ููŠ ุงู„ู€ .. ููŠ ุงู„ู€ cartilage ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ
700
+
701
+ 176
702
+ 00:13:16,190 --> 00:13:21,410
703
+ ุงู„ุนุฏูŠุฏ ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ disorders ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชูƒูˆู† ู…ูˆุฌูˆุฏุฉ ุจุชุคุฏูŠ
704
+
705
+ 177
706
+ 00:13:21,410 --> 00:13:25,450
707
+ ู„ู€ weakness of the cartilage ูƒู…ุงู† ูˆ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุงู†ู‡ุง ุชู‚ุฏูŠ
708
+
709
+ 178
710
+ 00:13:25,450 --> 00:13:30,530
711
+ ู„ุฃู†ู‡ ูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ destruction under normal magnitude
712
+
713
+ 179
714
+ 00:13:30,530 --> 00:13:34,330
715
+ ุฃูˆ normal loading ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ wear and tear ุงุญู†ุง
716
+
717
+ 180
718
+ 00:13:34,330 --> 00:13:37,730
719
+ ูุงู‡ู…ูŠู† ูƒูŠู ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ wear is the removal of
720
+
721
+ 181
722
+ 00:13:37,730 --> 00:13:41,900
723
+ material from solid surface by mechanical action
724
+
725
+ 182
726
+ 00:13:41,900 --> 00:13:46,960
727
+ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‚ู„ู†ุง ุทุจุนุง ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุนู†ุฏู†ุง two types ุงู„ู€
728
+
729
+ 183
730
+ 00:13:46,960 --> 00:13:52,360
731
+ interfacial ุฃู†ู‡ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ู†ูุณู‡ ุฃูˆ ุณุทุญ ุงู„ู€
732
+
733
+ 184
734
+ 00:13:52,360 --> 00:13:57,340
735
+ cartilage ู†ูุณู‡ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู‡ูˆ ุงู„ู…ุชุงูƒู„ ุฃูˆ ุจูŠุนู…ู„ ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ
736
+
737
+ 185
738
+ 00:13:57,340 --> 00:14:02,660
739
+ occurred due to interaction of the bearing surface
740
+
741
+ 186
742
+ 00:14:02,660 --> 00:14:07,300
743
+ ุทุจุนุง ุณุทุญูŠู† ุทูˆู„ ุงู„ูˆู‚ุช ูˆ ู‡ู… ู…ุชู„ู…ุณูŠู† ูˆ ุจูŠุชุญุฑูƒูˆุง ู…ุน
744
+
745
+ 187
746
+ 00:14:07,300 --> 00:14:12,410
747
+ ุจุนุถู‡ู… ุจุตูŠุฑ ุทุจุนุง ู„ูˆ ุตุงุฑ ููŠู†ุง ู…ุดูƒู„ุฉ ุจุงู„ู€ .. ุจุงู„ู€
748
+
749
+ 188
750
+ 00:14:12,410 --> 00:14:15,010
751
+ applications ุจุชุงุนุช ุงู„ู„ูŠ .. ุงู„ู„ูŠ ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุนู…ู„
752
+
753
+ 189
754
+ 00:14:15,010 --> 00:14:21,490
755
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุจุชุดุญูŠู… ู„ู€ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุฅุฐุง ู…ุงูƒู†ุด ููŠู‡ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง
756
+
757
+ 190
758
+ 00:14:21,490 --> 00:14:26,270
759
+ lubrication ุฃูƒูŠุฏ ู‡ูŠุตูŠุฑ ุนู†ุฏู†ุง ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ
760
+
761
+ 191
762
+ 00:14:26,270 --> 00:14:30,150
763
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุจ๏ฟฝ๏ฟฝุตูŠุฑ ุนู† ุทุฑูŠู‚ adhesive ุฃูˆ adhesions ุฃูˆ
764
+
765
+ 192
766
+ 00:14:30,150 --> 00:14:35,410
767
+ abrasions ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฅู…ุง ุงู„ุฃุณุทุญ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ู…ุชู„ุงู…ุณุฉ ู…ุน ุจุนุถู‡ุง ูˆ
768
+
769
+ 193
770
+ 00:14:35,410 --> 00:14:40,070
771
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ุง ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ูˆ ุจุชุฒูˆุฏ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ wear ุฃูˆ ุฅู†ู‡
772
+
773
+ 194
774
+ 00:14:40,070 --> 00:14:44,230
775
+ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ abrasions ุฒูŠ ุงู„ุณุญุงุฌุงุช ููŠู‡ุง ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุฅู† ูˆุงุญุฏ ู…ู†
776
+
777
+ 195
778
+ 00:14:44,230 --> 00:14:49,110
779
+ ุงู„ุฃุณุทุญ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ุฎุดู† ุฃูˆ ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ูู„ุทุช ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ cartilage ุจุนุถ
780
+
781
+ 196
782
+ 00:14:49,110 --> 00:14:55,790
783
+ ุงู„ู‚ุทุน ูˆ ุขุซุงุฑ ุฃุซู†ุงุก ุงู„ุญุฑูƒุฉ ุชุนู…ู„ friction ุฃูˆ ุชุฃุฐูŠ
784
+
785
+ 197
786
+ 00:14:55,790 --> 00:15:00,350
787
+ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู…ูุตู„ ุฒูŠ ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจุชุนู…ู„ ููŠู‡ ุฌุฑูˆุญ ูŠุจู‚ู‰ ููŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€
788
+
789
+ 198
790
+ 00:15:00,350 --> 00:15:03,690
791
+ adhesive will arise when the surface fragments
792
+
793
+ 199
794
+ 00:15:03,690 --> 00:15:07,690
795
+ adhere to each other and are torn off from the
796
+
797
+ 200
798
+ 00:15:07,690 --> 00:15:14,600
799
+ surface during sliding ุฃู…ุง ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ abrasions ุจู€
800
+
801
+ 201
802
+ 00:15:14,600 --> 00:15:19,000
803
+ occur when the soft material scraps ูƒุฃู†ู‡ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ
804
+
805
+ 202
806
+ 00:15:19,000 --> 00:15:27,150
807
+ ููŠู‡ุง ุฒูŠ ุงุญุชูƒุงูƒ ูƒุฏู‡ ุฃูˆ .. ุฃูˆ ุฌุฑูˆุญ ุฃูˆ .. ุญูƒุง by a
808
+
809
+ 203
810
+ 00:15:27,150 --> 00:15:30,110
811
+ harder one ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุฒูŠ ู…ุง ุจู†ู…ุณูƒ ุญุงุฌุฉ ุฎุดู†ุฉ ูˆ
812
+
813
+ 204
814
+ 00:15:30,110 --> 00:15:33,850
815
+ ุจู†ุชุฃูƒุฏ ุจุญุงุฌุฉ ู†ุนู… ุงุด ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ harder material can
816
+
817
+ 205
818
+ 00:15:33,850 --> 00:15:38,650
819
+ be either an opposite opposing bearing or loose
820
+
821
+ 206
822
+ 00:15:38,650 --> 00:15:48,350
823
+ particle between the bearing surfaces ุทุจุนุง ู‡ุฏูˆู„ุฉ
824
+
825
+ 207
826
+ 00:15:48,350 --> 00:15:53,530
827
+ ุงู„ู†ูˆุนูŠู† ู…ู† ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ wear that defect cause the
828
+
829
+ 208
830
+ 00:15:53,530 --> 00:15:57,150
831
+ surface layer of the cartilage to be softer and
832
+
833
+ 209
834
+ 00:15:57,150 --> 00:16:02,930
835
+ more permeable ุจุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ ู‡ุฑูˆุจ ุฃุณุฑุน ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ fluid ู…ู†ู‡
836
+
837
+ 210
838
+ 00:16:02,930 --> 00:16:08,410
839
+ ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุจูŠุคุฏูŠ ุฃู† ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ ู‡ุฑูˆุจ ู‡ุฐุง ุงู„ู€ .. ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฒูŠุงุฏุฉ
840
+
841
+ 211
842
+ 00:16:08,410 --> 00:16:12,190
843
+ ุงู„ู€ permeability ุจุชุฎู„ูŠ ุงู„ุณูˆุงุฆู„ ุชุทู„ุน ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูุจุชู‚ู„
844
+
845
+ 212
846
+ 00:16:12,190 --> 00:16:17,050
847
+ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ูƒูุงุกุฉ ุงู„ู€ cartilage ูˆ ุจูŠุตูŠุฑ ุงุณุชู‡ู„ุงูƒ ูˆ
848
+
849
+ 213
850
+ 00:16:17,050 --> 00:16:25,130
851
+ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุนุฑุถุฉ ู„ู„ู‚ุดูˆู†ุฉ ุฃูƒุซุฑ ูˆ ุงู„ู€ wear and tear ููŠ ุงู„ู…ูุตู„
852
+
853
+ 214
854
+ 00:16:25,130 --> 00:16:30,690
855
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ fatigue wear ุจูŠูƒูˆู† ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ูŠุญุตู„ .. ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€
856
+
857
+ 215
858
+ 00:16:30,690 --> 00:16:34,570
859
+ accumulation of microscopic damage ูˆ ู‡ุฐุง ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง
860
+
861
+ 216
862
+ 00:16:34,570 --> 00:16:38,430
863
+ ุนู†ู‡ .. ุชูƒู„ู…ู†ุง ุนู† ุงู„ู€ fracture ุงู„ูุชูŠุฌูŠ fracture ุฃู†ู‡
864
+
865
+ 217
866
+ 00:16:38,430 --> 00:16:42,590
867
+ ููŠ ู†ูุณ ุงู„ุทุฑูŠู‚ุฉ ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ if repetitive movement ุฃูˆ
868
+
869
+ 218
870
+ 00:16:42,590 --> 00:16:47,380
871
+ repetitive ุงู„ู€ stress ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู€ cartilage ู‡ูŠ ุงู„ู„ูŠ
872
+
873
+ 219
874
+ 00:16:47,380 --> 00:16:53,380
875
+ ุชุนู…ู„ ู„ู†ุง ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ fatigue failure ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุคุฏูŠ ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€
876
+
877
+ 220
878
+ 00:16:53,380 --> 00:16:59,400
879
+ early wear and tear although the magnitude of the
880
+
881
+ 221
882
+ 00:16:59,400 --> 00:17:03,760
883
+ applied stress may be much less than the materials
884
+
885
+ 222
886
+ 00:17:03,760 --> 00:17:07,240
887
+ ultimate strength failure will occur ุทุจุนุง ู†ุชูŠุฌุฉ ุงู„ู€
888
+
889
+ 223
890
+ 00:17:07,240 --> 00:17:10,500
891
+ repetitive movement ุฃูˆ destruction ุงู„ู€ micro
892
+
893
+ 224
894
+ 00:17:10,500 --> 00:17:14,000
895
+ destruction ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ููŠู‡ rotation and sliding
896
+
897
+ 225
898
+ 00:17:14,000 --> 00:17:18,100
899
+ cause the articular surface move in and out of the
900
+
901
+ 226
902
+ 00:17:18,100 --> 00:17:21,360
903
+ contact surface in addition to the physiological
904
+
905
+ 227
906
+ 00:17:21,360 --> 00:17:25,600
907
+ activities ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุงุญู†ุง ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุจู†ูุถู„ ุฃู†ู‡
908
+
909
+ 228
910
+ 00:17:25,600 --> 00:17:29,680
911
+ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ rotation ุฏุงุฆู…ุง ุชูƒูˆู† ู‚ู„ูŠู„ุฉ ุนู„ู‰ ุฃุณุงุณ ุฃู†ู‡ุง
912
+
913
+ 229
914
+ 00:17:29,680 --> 00:17:35,260
915
+ ุฃู† ู†ูู‚ู„ู„ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ stress ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู„ู‰ ุงู„ู…ูุงุตู„
916
+
917
+ 230
918
+ 00:17:35,260 --> 00:17:39,680
919
+ ุทุจุนุง ุงู„ู€ physiological effect ุงู„ู„ูŠ ุงุญู†ุง ุจู†ุนุชู…ุฏู‡ุง ุฃูˆ
920
+
921
+ 231
922
+ 00:17:39,680 --> 00:17:46,100
923
+ ู†ุนู…ู„ู‡ุง ุฎู„ุงู„ ุงู„ูŠูˆู… ู‡ุฐู‡ ุจุฑุถู‡ ุจุชู€ .. ุจุชุคุฏูŠ ู„ุชู†ุณูŠุฌ ููŠ
924
+
925
+ 232
926
+ 00:17:46,100 --> 00:17:52,080
927
+ ุงู„ู€ failure of the collision fibers framework ูˆู‡ุฐุง
928
+
929
+ 233
930
+ 00:17:52,080 --> 00:17:56,800
931
+ ูŠุนู†ูŠ ุฎู„ูŠู†ุง ู†ู‚ูˆู„ ุฑุณู… ุชูˆุถูŠุญูŠ ุจูŠูˆุถุญ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ loading
932
+
933
+ 234
934
+ 00:17:56,800 --> 00:18:02,760
935
+ ูˆ ูƒูŠู ู…ู…ูƒู† ุชุตูŠุฑ ุนู…ู„ูŠุฉ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ wear and tear ูˆ ูƒูŠู
936
+
937
+ 235
938
+ 00:18:02,760 --> 00:18:10,670
939
+ ุจุชุตูŠุฑ ุงู„ู€ fragmentation ู„ู€ ุงู„ู€ .. ุงู„ู€ cartilage ู‡ูŠูƒ ุงุญู†ุง
940
+
941
+ 236
942
+ 00:18:10,670 --> 00:18:15,050
943
+ ุจุชูƒูˆู† ูˆุตู„ู†ุง ู†ู‡ุงูŠุฉ ู…ุญุงุถุฑุชู†ุง ู„ู„ูŠูˆู… ู†ุดูˆููƒูˆุง ุฅู† ุดุงุก
944
+
945
+ 237
946
+ 00:18:15,050 --> 00:18:18,710
947
+ ุงู„ู„ู‡ ููŠ ุงู„ู…ุญุงุถุฑุฉ ุงู„ู‚ุงุฏู…ุฉ