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PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/3NRgXv0N4zk_postprocess.srt

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+1
+00:00:13,160 --> 00:00:14,560
+Bismillahirrahmanirrahim
+
+2
+00:00:16,740 --> 00:00:19,340
+Today we are going to continue with infinitive and
+
+3
+00:00:19,340 --> 00:00:22,360
+gerund in English plus covert and overt derived
+
+4
+00:00:22,360 --> 00:00:26,860
+nominal in Arabic. Regarding the gerund and
+
+5
+00:00:26,860 --> 00:00:31,340
+infinitive in English, we see that the gerund can
+
+6
+00:00:31,340 --> 00:00:35,620
+stand as a subject in the sentence. So you have
+
+7
+00:00:35,620 --> 00:00:39,640
+these two sentences, eating too much food is not
+
+8
+00:00:39,640 --> 00:00:43,580
+good for your health. Playing basketball is very
+
+9
+00:00:43,580 --> 00:00:50,910
+fun. Eating playing they stand as subjects If you
+
+10
+00:00:50,910 --> 00:00:54,350
+we use also infinitive after noun in this after
+
+11
+00:00:54,350 --> 00:00:56,550
+the noun in the sentence It's not good for your
+
+12
+00:00:56,550 --> 00:01:02,610
+health to eat too much fast food So we have the
+
+13
+00:01:02,610 --> 00:01:06,930
+infinitive directly follows the noun in the
+
+14
+00:01:06,930 --> 00:01:10,450
+sentence As it appears in this sentence, it's not
+
+15
+00:01:10,450 --> 00:01:13,670
+good for your health to eat too much fast food.
+
+16
+00:01:14,350 --> 00:01:18,310
+It's very fun to play basketball. So we have fun,
+
+17
+00:01:18,430 --> 00:01:21,790
+we have health. They are followed by infinitive as
+
+18
+00:01:21,790 --> 00:01:25,730
+you see. We use gerund directly after the
+
+19
+00:01:25,730 --> 00:01:29,730
+preposition. I'm tired of doing the same thing
+
+20
+00:01:29,730 --> 00:01:33,470
+over and over again every day. They are excited
+
+21
+00:01:33,470 --> 00:01:37,490
+about attending the meeting tomorrow. So we have
+
+22
+00:01:39,040 --> 00:01:45,700
+of doing about attending. I'm looking forward to
+
+23
+00:01:45,700 --> 00:01:50,840
+hearing from you soon. She's used to driving at
+
+24
+00:01:50,840 --> 00:01:57,120
+night. Is mr used to plus the verb plus ing and
+
+25
+00:01:57,120 --> 00:02:02,140
+this means Gilland. it means يعتاد على present
+
+26
+00:02:02,140 --> 00:02:08,020
+custom however having used plus infinitive this
+
+27
+00:02:08,020 --> 00:02:13,300
+refers to habit in the past يعتاد على so if you
+
+28
+00:02:13,300 --> 00:02:16,440
+have the verb to be plus used to it is directly
+
+29
+00:02:16,440 --> 00:02:22,480
+followed by gerund we
+
+30
+00:02:22,480 --> 00:02:26,380
+have infinitive which is directly used after the
+
+31
+00:02:26,380 --> 00:02:30,280
+adjective I was surprised to see her at the party
+
+32
+00:02:30,280 --> 00:02:33,740
+yesterday. They were anxious to meet with
+
+33
+00:02:33,740 --> 00:02:38,480
+President this weekend. I'm glad to meet you. So
+
+34
+00:02:38,480 --> 00:02:43,620
+we have surprised, anxious, glad. They are
+
+35
+00:02:43,620 --> 00:02:47,980
+directly followed by infinitives. We also have the
+
+36
+00:02:47,980 --> 00:02:51,740
+infinitive used after certain nouns. I still have
+
+37
+00:02:51,740 --> 00:02:55,160
+a little time to talk with you tonight. They have
+
+38
+00:02:55,160 --> 00:03:00,310
+a lot of books to read. for the reading class. He
+
+39
+00:03:00,310 --> 00:03:03,150
+doesn't have permission to use the lab computers.
+
+40
+00:03:03,890 --> 00:03:07,170
+So we have time, books, permissions that are
+
+41
+00:03:07,170 --> 00:03:09,710
+followed by infinitive, as you see.
+
+42
+00:03:12,810 --> 00:03:17,110
+The infinitive expresses purpose. Okay, so if
+
+43
+00:03:17,110 --> 00:03:19,950
+there'd be a purpose in the sentence, close of
+
+44
+00:03:19,950 --> 00:03:25,030
+purpose, then we use the infinitive. I came here
+
+45
+00:03:25,030 --> 00:03:29,130
+in order to study or to study English.
+
+46
+00:03:35,110 --> 00:03:39,190
+We use the particle, the negative particle not
+
+47
+00:03:39,190 --> 00:03:43,510
+before the gerund or even before the infinitive to
+
+48
+00:03:43,510 --> 00:03:47,550
+come out with negative sentence. Not doing your
+
+49
+00:03:47,550 --> 00:03:51,230
+homework is a big mistake. She was angry about not
+
+50
+00:03:51,230 --> 00:03:54,750
+being invited to the reception. I decided not to
+
+51
+00:03:54,750 --> 00:03:59,380
+go there tomorrow. Try not to be late. So as you
+
+52
+00:03:59,380 --> 00:04:02,180
+see, the particle, the negative particle not
+
+53
+00:04:02,180 --> 00:04:05,360
+precedes the gerund and also the infinitive.
+
+54
+00:04:09,020 --> 00:04:14,160
+We spoke about hypothetical verbs, verbs to happen
+
+55
+00:04:14,160 --> 00:04:19,620
+in future. This is followed by the infinitive as
+
+56
+00:04:19,620 --> 00:04:24,210
+you know. This is forward oriented verbs. He told
+
+57
+00:04:24,210 --> 00:04:28,490
+us to stay home. I want you to be the best student
+
+58
+00:04:28,490 --> 00:04:31,970
+in the class. She advised me not to take such a
+
+59
+00:04:31,970 --> 00:04:35,050
+risk. So all the actions in these sentences refer
+
+60
+00:04:35,050 --> 00:04:42,080
+to future actions. The verbs are forward, oriented
+
+61
+00:04:42,080 --> 00:04:45,580
+verbs. This is the fourth category of the four
+
+62
+00:04:45,580 --> 00:04:49,420
+categories of the verbs which accept gerund and
+
+63
+00:04:49,420 --> 00:04:52,680
+infinitive. We spoke about the emotive verbs, the
+
+64
+00:04:52,680 --> 00:04:56,400
+aspectual verbs, the reactive verbs, and the
+
+65
+00:04:56,400 --> 00:04:57,940
+forward oriented verbs.
+
+66
+00:05:01,200 --> 00:05:06,340
+Also use the gerund after the possessive pronouns.
+
+67
+00:05:06,720 --> 00:05:10,580
+I appreciate your inviting me to the party. We are
+
+68
+00:05:10,580 --> 00:05:14,280
+proud of Mary's winning the first place in the
+
+69
+00:05:14,280 --> 00:05:14,580
+race.
+
+70
+00:05:18,220 --> 00:05:18,760
+Okay.
+
+71
+00:05:22,440 --> 00:05:27,860
+So this is the complete explanation of the use of
+
+72
+00:05:27,860 --> 00:05:32,280
+infinitive and gerund in English. In Arabic, we
+
+73
+00:05:32,280 --> 00:05:37,900
+spoke about the modified derived nominal and overt
+
+74
+00:05:37,900 --> 00:05:43,940
+derived nominal. وحب أن أشرب الشاي وحب شرب الشاي
+
+75
+00:05:43,940 --> 00:05:48,840
+This is covert derived nominal. وحب شرب الشاي This
+
+76
+00:05:48,840 --> 00:05:52,980
+is overt derived nominal. We've seen that we have
+
+77
+00:05:52,980 --> 00:05:57,440
+big difference between these constructions in
+
+78
+00:05:57,440 --> 00:06:01,410
+English and Arabic. So the reactive verbs of
+
+79
+00:06:01,410 --> 00:06:05,970
+Arabic, the emotive verbs of Arabic are the same
+
+80
+00:06:05,970 --> 00:06:09,890
+like English. They accept both overt and covert
+
+81
+00:06:09,890 --> 00:06:12,810
+derived nominal. However, the aspectual verbs,
+
+82
+00:06:15,850 --> 00:06:20,870
+this is in English, in English. What about Arabic?
+
+83
+00:06:29,020 --> 00:06:32,520
+They accept only modified derived nominal or
+
+84
+00:06:32,520 --> 00:06:35,360
+covert derived nominal. What about reactive verbs
+
+85
+00:06:35,360 --> 00:06:39,640
+in English? They accept only gerund. However, in
+
+86
+00:06:39,640 --> 00:06:43,540
+Arabic, both. The forward oriented verbs.
+
+87
+00:06:48,080 --> 00:06:51,000
+In English, they accept only infinitive. However,
+
+88
+00:06:51,160 --> 00:06:55,120
+in Arabic, they accept both. So you have to take
+
+89
+00:06:55,120 --> 00:06:59,150
+care once you translate. Once you translate, it is
+
+90
+00:06:59,150 --> 00:07:02,590
+not necessarily to translate literally every
+
+91
+00:07:02,590 --> 00:07:05,710
+single word. You have to consider the structure of
+
+92
+00:07:05,710 --> 00:07:09,890
+infinitive and to see the difference, this means
+
+93
+00:07:09,890 --> 00:07:13,090
+that you have to consider the meaning or the
+
+94
+00:07:13,090 --> 00:07:16,610
+meaning of the verb itself and its syntactic
+
+95
+00:07:16,610 --> 00:07:21,030
+capacity, whether it accepts infinitive or gerund.
+
+96
+00:07:22,670 --> 00:07:27,340
+Return to the verbs, in Arabic whether the
+
+97
+00:07:27,340 --> 00:07:31,380
+translated verb accepts overt derived nominal or
+
+98
+00:07:31,380 --> 00:07:36,220
+covert derived nominal okay I need to terminate
+
+99
+00:07:36,220 --> 00:07:39,900
+here in order to give you a quiz just now about or
+
+100
+00:07:39,900 --> 00:07:44,260
+on the use of infinitive and gerund in English
+
+101
+00:07:44,260 --> 00:07:47,900
+okay that's it thank you
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/4uPPRSzjrSY.srt

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+
+1
+00:00:14,460 --> 00:00:16,800
+Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Today we are going to 
+
+2
+00:00:16,800 --> 00:00:20,600
+continue with explaining the definiteness and 
+
+3
+00:00:20,600 --> 00:00:24,320
+indefiniteness system of English and Arabic. Last 
+
+4
+00:00:24,320 --> 00:00:26,640
+time we spoke about the articles in English. 
+
+5
+00:00:28,800 --> 00:00:34,020
+indefiniteness system represented in a and an and 
+
+6
+00:00:34,020 --> 00:00:37,140
+the definiteness system which is represented in 
+
+7
+00:00:37,140 --> 00:00:42,380
+the. We spoke about the use of these articles and 
+
+8
+00:00:42,380 --> 00:00:50,960
+we terminated on the zero article okay which is 
+
+9
+00:00:50,960 --> 00:00:56,380
+used before the names of diseases cardinal 
+
+10
+00:00:56,380 --> 00:01:03,070
+numbers and a list of A, B, C, D. These don't have 
+
+11
+00:01:03,070 --> 00:01:07,730
+any article, so it is zero. Could you read number 
+
+12
+00:01:07,730 --> 00:01:12,330
+one, please? Could you read number one, please? 
+
+13
+00:01:12,670 --> 00:01:16,770
+Number one. Okay, it's zero. 
+
+14
+00:01:19,430 --> 00:01:24,730
+Heart disease and cancer kill millions every year. 
+
+15
+00:01:26,300 --> 00:01:31,180
+heart disease, cancer, diabetes, hypertension, 
+
+16
+00:01:32,260 --> 00:01:37,180
+ulcer, constipation, et cetera. These diseases, 
+
+17
+00:01:37,960 --> 00:01:41,640
+the names of diseases don't have any article. They 
+
+18
+00:01:41,640 --> 00:01:43,700
+are zero, okay? 
+
+19
+00:01:48,820 --> 00:01:53,420
+The zero article is also used generically to all 
+
+20
+00:01:53,420 --> 00:01:57,890
+members of a class. We spoke about the generic 
+
+21
+00:01:57,890 --> 00:02:02,170
+meaning and specific meaning last time. Okay. I 
+
+22
+00:02:02,170 --> 00:02:09,030
+mentioned that A and AN plus the have generic 
+
+23
+00:02:09,030 --> 00:02:13,930
+meaning and have specific meaning. I read a book 
+
+24
+00:02:13,930 --> 00:02:16,870
+in linguistics. I read a book in linguistics. 
+
+25
+00:02:18,090 --> 00:02:21,010
+Specific. Okay. I'd like to buy a book in 
+
+26
+00:02:21,010 --> 00:02:26,320
+linguistics. Generic. Okay. Dogs are domestic 
+
+27
+00:02:26,320 --> 00:02:29,460
+animals. What do you say about this? Dogs is 
+
+28
+00:02:29,460 --> 00:02:34,080
+plural. It's preceded by zero article. Do we mean 
+
+29
+00:02:34,080 --> 00:02:37,700
+specific dogs? Specific category or species of 
+
+30
+00:02:37,700 --> 00:02:42,280
+dog? All dogs. So it is zero as you see and it 
+
+31
+00:02:42,280 --> 00:02:44,220
+refers to generic meaning. 
+
+32
+00:02:47,180 --> 00:02:50,160
+Once you distinguish one class from another, use 
+
+33
+00:02:50,160 --> 00:02:56,040
+zero article. She likes cats, not dogs. But don't 
+
+34
+00:02:56,040 --> 00:03:00,200
+say she likes the cats, not the dogs. Or a cat, 
+
+35
+00:03:00,440 --> 00:03:05,840
+not a dog. No, she likes cats, not dogs. But now 
+
+36
+00:03:05,840 --> 00:03:09,700
+if you look to the translation, dogs are domestic 
+
+37
+00:03:09,700 --> 00:03:12,960
+animals. Once you translate to Arabic, do you find 
+
+38
+00:03:12,960 --> 00:03:18,630
+the two languages are of the same system of zero 
+
+39
+00:03:18,630 --> 00:03:21,170
+articles or of definiteness and indefiniteness 
+
+40
+00:03:21,170 --> 00:03:25,150
+here could you translate dogs and domestic animals 
+
+41
+00:03:25,150 --> 00:03:28,830
+I 
+
+42
+00:03:28,830 --> 00:03:33,070
+say الكلاب حيوانات أليفة but if you look to the 
+
+43
+00:03:33,070 --> 00:03:37,090
+noun الكلاب it is of definite article أل التعريف 
+
+44
+00:03:37,090 --> 00:03:40,830
+but in English once you translate it it comes out 
+
+45
+00:03:40,830 --> 00:03:48,940
+with zero article I like cats I like cats. أنا أحب 
+
+46
+00:03:48,940 --> 00:03:53,660
+القطط. Okay. So again, it is ال التعريف, the 
+
+47
+00:03:53,660 --> 00:03:57,760
+definite article, which is translated here by the 
+
+48
+00:03:57,760 --> 00:03:59,360
+zero article. 
+
+49
+00:04:02,500 --> 00:04:05,920
+Cats, sorry, she likes cats, not dogs. 
+
+50
+00:04:10,400 --> 00:04:15,600
+So we have definite article for both nouns, but in 
+
+51
+00:04:15,600 --> 00:04:24,980
+English Yes It is zero in English now The 
+
+52
+00:04:24,980 --> 00:04:27,740
+modifiers the noun phrase which which comes as a 
+
+53
+00:04:27,740 --> 00:04:34,720
+modifier of a preposition mostly is of a zero 
+
+54
+00:04:34,720 --> 00:04:43,810
+article I say, for example, at 
+
+55
+00:04:43,810 --> 00:04:48,310
+war, and once you translate it into Arabic, the 
+
+56
+00:04:48,310 --> 00:04:54,890
+modifier in Arabic has التعريف at war في الحرب in 
+
+57
+00:04:54,890 --> 00:04:59,550
+danger في خطر أو في الخطر في الخطر both at peace 
+
+58
+00:04:59,550 --> 00:05:09,290
+في سلام أو في السلام in needon fire addressed 
+
+59
+00:05:10,250 --> 00:05:16,130
+In tears, on time, at sea, in love, on sail, at 
+
+60
+00:05:16,130 --> 00:05:21,150
+lunch, in difficulty, on love. Okay? So you have 
+
+61
+00:05:21,150 --> 00:05:25,610
+these modifiers of preposition phrases are 
+
+62
+00:05:25,610 --> 00:05:29,330
+altogether of zero article. However, in Arabic, it 
+
+63
+00:05:29,330 --> 00:05:32,850
+may be optional. It can be التعريف or can be also 
+
+64
+00:05:32,850 --> 00:05:34,530
+zero article. 
+
+65
+00:05:38,610 --> 00:05:42,570
+The zero article mostly comes with plural nouns. 
+
+66
+00:05:43,370 --> 00:05:48,290
+Okay? After B. Most of my friends are teachers. 
+
+67
+00:05:50,110 --> 00:05:54,650
+Most of my friends are teachers. Most of the 
+
+68
+00:05:54,650 --> 00:05:59,230
+Islamic university students are women students. 
+
+69
+00:06:01,760 --> 00:06:07,080
+Once you have where to be, the auxiliary B, then 
+
+70
+00:06:07,080 --> 00:06:12,520
+the noun following it is of zero article. 
+
+71
+00:06:18,100 --> 00:06:25,720
+Now, in headlines of magazines, newspapers, books, 
+
+72
+00:06:26,420 --> 00:06:32,140
+labels, etc. We have functional morphemes omitted 
+
+73
+00:06:32,140 --> 00:06:39,020
+because these are titles, the titles of papers, I 
+
+74
+00:06:39,020 --> 00:06:44,480
+mean of papers or dailies or say magazines or etc. 
+
+75
+00:06:45,300 --> 00:06:48,440
+We just want to write or writing the title of any 
+
+76
+00:06:48,440 --> 00:06:55,430
+article or any news item We try to omit all 
+
+77
+00:06:55,430 --> 00:07:00,650
+functional morphemes as much as we can. So the A 
+
+78
+00:07:00,650 --> 00:07:05,610
+and the R are functional morphemes. Okay, so they 
+
+79
+00:07:05,610 --> 00:07:09,830
+are omitted. I say captives freed last week. 
+
+80
+00:07:12,190 --> 00:07:17,190
+Captives freed last week. The Palestinian captives 
+
+81
+00:07:17,190 --> 00:07:22,640
+were freed last week. I say captives freed, 
+
+82
+00:07:23,260 --> 00:07:29,860
+captives freed only. Okay. So try to sum up the 
+
+83
+00:07:29,860 --> 00:07:35,700
+title as much as you can. Okay. Beware of dog. 
+
+84
+00:07:37,760 --> 00:07:43,320
+Okay. Beware of dog. I don't say beware of dogs. 
+
+85
+00:07:44,660 --> 00:07:50,230
+The S is plural. Dysfunctional morpheme. Okay. It 
+
+86
+00:07:50,230 --> 00:07:54,310
+is inflectional morphine. So we omit it. Okay. 
+
+87
+00:07:56,850 --> 00:08:01,610
+Entrance to parking. I can't say this is the 
+
+88
+00:08:01,610 --> 00:08:07,710
+entrance for parking or of parking. Okay. It's 
+
+89
+00:08:07,710 --> 00:08:13,630
+entrance to parking. as much as I can. I omit all 
+
+90
+00:08:13,630 --> 00:08:16,330
+functional morphemes as much as I can, including 
+
+91
+00:08:16,330 --> 00:08:19,490
+the preposition if necessary. But here the 
+
+92
+00:08:19,490 --> 00:08:22,790
+preposition in this title is obligatory. 
+
+93
+00:08:25,190 --> 00:08:27,410
+Entrance to parking. 
+
+94
+00:08:30,570 --> 00:08:36,790
+I say for example, the university 
+
+95
+00:08:38,080 --> 00:08:43,120
+prevents smoking in the university campus. I can 
+
+96
+00:08:43,120 --> 00:08:49,940
+write a notice stating no smoking, no parking. 
+
+97
+00:08:53,000 --> 00:08:59,620
+Okay, no parking. Instead of writing cars are not 
+
+98
+00:08:59,620 --> 00:09:04,330
+allowed to park here, for example. So the language 
+
+99
+00:09:04,330 --> 00:09:08,290
+of notices, language of titles of dailies, 
+
+100
+00:09:08,430 --> 00:09:13,070
+newspapers and magazines are always very very 
+
+101
+00:09:13,070 --> 00:09:18,890
+short. To have it like so, we omit most or all 
+
+102
+00:09:18,890 --> 00:09:21,550
+functional morphemes. You see? 
+
+103
+00:09:25,490 --> 00:09:30,550
+Now the 
+
+104
+00:09:30,550 --> 00:09:31,090
+title 
+
+105
+00:09:34,710 --> 00:09:40,130
+Okay, which refers to the rank. I say He was 
+
+106
+00:09:40,130 --> 00:09:43,850
+appointed prime minister It is zero. I can't say 
+
+107
+00:09:43,850 --> 00:09:47,870
+he was appointed a prime minister Or the prime 
+
+108
+00:09:47,870 --> 00:09:52,250
+minister. He was appointed prime minister. He was 
+
+109
+00:09:52,250 --> 00:09:59,810
+elected As president not a president Okay, he was 
+
+110
+00:09:59,810 --> 00:10:05,380
+appointed king Okay, she was appointed queen. He 
+
+111
+00:10:05,380 --> 00:10:08,840
+became prime minister. She was proclaimed queen 
+
+112
+00:10:08,840 --> 00:10:18,260
+Okay Come brother, let's go home Brother 
+
+113
+00:10:18,260 --> 00:10:28,760
+here is considered as a title. Okay The 
+
+114
+00:10:28,760 --> 00:10:33,330
+zero article is used generically with proper 
+
+115
+00:10:33,330 --> 00:10:40,570
+nouns, days, months, years, seasons, games, 
+
+116
+00:10:41,150 --> 00:10:44,750
+abstract nouns and materials. John attended the 
+
+117
+00:10:44,750 --> 00:10:49,410
+meeting last Monday. I say all weeks, all days of 
+
+118
+00:10:49,410 --> 00:10:52,910
+week are zero. Sunday, Saturday, Sunday, Monday, 
+
+119
+00:10:53,070 --> 00:10:56,670
+Tuesday, Wednesday, these are zero. Names of 
+
+120
+00:10:56,670 --> 00:11:00,370
+months, January, February, March, April, May, 
+
+121
+00:11:00,510 --> 00:11:05,030
+June, July, it is also zero. Zero article. Seasons 
+
+122
+00:11:05,030 --> 00:11:12,450
+are also zero. Autumn, summer, winter, fall. Okay, 
+
+123
+00:11:12,970 --> 00:11:14,570
+it is spring, it is zero. 
+
+124
+00:11:21,770 --> 00:11:25,490
+Okay, I like to watch rugby and football matches 
+
+125
+00:11:25,490 --> 00:11:32,190
+if you look to the Games here Names of games. They 
+
+126
+00:11:32,190 --> 00:11:36,730
+are also zero. Okay, so all games of sports are of 
+
+127
+00:11:36,730 --> 00:11:44,010
+zero article Meals 
+
+128
+00:11:44,010 --> 00:11:50,270
+I say lunch Breakfast dinner It's zero 
+
+129
+00:11:53,180 --> 00:12:02,500
+Materials, wood, iron, copper, zinc, tin, 
+
+130
+00:12:06,120 --> 00:12:09,520
+these are also zero. All materials are zero. 
+
+131
+00:12:10,580 --> 00:12:19,240
+Colors, black, white, metallic, pink, green, it is 
+
+132
+00:12:19,240 --> 00:12:24,380
+zero. However, the adjectives of these altogethers 
+
+133
+00:12:24,380 --> 00:12:31,000
+are with articles either a and it's that he she 
+
+134
+00:12:31,000 --> 00:12:37,060
+bought a golden ring a golden ring gold golden 
+
+135
+00:12:37,060 --> 00:12:40,800
+golden he 
+
+136
+00:12:40,800 --> 00:12:48,700
+made a wooden door a wooden door wood without 
+
+137
+00:12:48,700 --> 00:12:59,490
+wooden adjective Okay Paper is made of wood paper 
+
+138
+00:12:59,490 --> 00:13:07,750
+Generic الورق كل الورق is made of wood خشب كل 
+
+139
+00:13:07,750 --> 00:13:14,830
+الخشب Okay But here if you look to English and you 
+
+140
+00:13:14,830 --> 00:13:20,050
+see the function of the zero article you find that 
+
+141
+00:13:22,910 --> 00:13:27,130
+Zero article appears in these forms in English 
+
+142
+00:13:27,130 --> 00:13:30,690
+while in Arabic it is mostly translated with 
+
+143
+00:13:30,690 --> 00:13:37,770
+التعريف I like to watch rugby and football match 
+
+144
+00:13:37,770 --> 00:13:41,070
+Paper 
+
+145
+00:13:41,070 --> 00:13:49,150
+is made of wood يصنع الورق من الخشب الورق الخشب 
+
+146
+00:13:49,150 --> 00:13:52,750
+He's a man of principles He's a man. 
+
+147
+00:13:58,350 --> 00:13:59,230
+He's a man. 
+
+148
+00:14:02,810 --> 00:14:04,810
+He's a man. He's a man. He's a man. He's a man. 
+
+149
+00:14:05,090 --> 00:14:06,990
+He's a man. He's a man. He's a man. He's a man. 
+
+150
+00:14:06,990 --> 00:14:07,690
+He's a man. He's a man. He's a man. He's a man. 
+
+151
+00:14:07,710 --> 00:14:10,630
+He's a man. He's a man. He's a man. He's a man. 
+
+152
+00:14:12,050 --> 00:14:17,250
+He's a man. He's a man. He's a man. He's a man. 
+
+153
+00:14:17,750 --> 00:14:19,750
+He's a man. He's a man. He's a man. He's a man. 
+
+154
+00:14:19,750 --> 00:14:19,770
+He's a man. He's a man. He's a man. He's a man. 
+
+155
+00:14:19,770 --> 00:14:23,060
+He's a man. He's a man. He's a man Okay, these 
+
+156
+00:14:23,060 --> 00:14:35,380
+abstract nouns are always of zero article Okay We 
+
+157
+00:14:35,380 --> 00:14:38,140
+have also zero article before plural and 
+
+158
+00:14:38,140 --> 00:14:41,360
+uncountable nouns when talking about things in 
+
+159
+00:14:41,360 --> 00:14:49,000
+general I like tomato I like tomato Any type of 
+
+160
+00:14:49,000 --> 00:14:54,560
+tomato is okay. So it is zero because tomato here 
+
+161
+00:14:54,560 --> 00:14:58,840
+refers to generic meaning or specific meaning? It 
+
+162
+00:14:58,840 --> 00:15:02,240
+refers to generic meaning. Okay. I like cakes. 
+
+163
+00:15:03,000 --> 00:15:09,600
+Which cakes? It is generic. Okay. Milk is good for 
+
+164
+00:15:09,600 --> 00:15:16,100
+you. Which type of milk? So it is generic. Okay. 
+
+165
+00:15:16,940 --> 00:15:19,480
+In this case, it is zero article. 
+
+166
+00:15:24,140 --> 00:15:28,160
+Now names of countries, towns, streets, languages, 
+
+167
+00:15:28,540 --> 00:15:33,960
+magazines, airports, stations, and meals are of 
+
+168
+00:15:33,960 --> 00:15:39,800
+zero article. I had lunch with John. But in Arabic 
+
+169
+00:15:39,800 --> 00:15:44,160
+I say, تناولت طعام الغداء الغداء مع John. طعام 
+
+170
+00:15:44,160 --> 00:15:51,110
+الغداء. Okay, construct a statement. I had lunch 
+
+171
+00:15:51,110 --> 00:15:56,150
+with John. So lunch. I ate biscuits at King Cross 
+
+172
+00:15:56,150 --> 00:16:00,690
+station. This is railway station in London. Okay, 
+
+173
+00:16:00,990 --> 00:16:04,970
+I ate biscuits at King Cross station. I cannot say 
+
+174
+00:16:04,970 --> 00:16:08,130
+at the King Cross station. Okay. 
+
+175
+00:16:11,140 --> 00:16:15,980
+I ate biscuits at Cancro station while waiting the 
+
+176
+00:16:15,980 --> 00:16:21,020
+10 o'clock train to Colchester. She speaks Arabic. 
+
+177
+00:16:22,820 --> 00:16:29,100
+He lives at Duke Street. The name of street is 
+
+178
+00:16:29,100 --> 00:16:35,260
+zero. Language is zero. Now Arabic, English, 
+
+179
+00:16:36,980 --> 00:16:42,550
+Turkish. Russian Spanish it is zero. What's the 
+
+180
+00:16:42,550 --> 00:16:44,930
+difference between English and the English? 
+
+181
+00:16:48,390 --> 00:16:54,810
+English Yes, the two are nouns English and the 
+
+182
+00:16:54,810 --> 00:16:56,830
+English but here what's the meaning? 
+
+183
+00:17:00,150 --> 00:17:03,590
+Nationality English is a language while the 
+
+184
+00:17:03,590 --> 00:17:09,030
+English is nationality. I say the British Okay. 
+
+185
+00:17:09,490 --> 00:17:15,130
+The Portuguese, the Portuguese, this is the 
+
+186
+00:17:15,130 --> 00:17:18,110
+Portuguese people nationality, Portuguese 
+
+187
+00:17:18,110 --> 00:17:28,770
+language. Okay. The French, French language. Okay. 
+
+188
+00:17:29,670 --> 00:17:32,550
+So you have to take care about the translation. 
+
+189
+00:17:32,710 --> 00:17:35,730
+Now the use of that changed the whole meaning. 
+
+190
+00:17:36,390 --> 00:17
+
+223
+00:20:17,660 --> 00:20:21,900
+streets are of zero articles, railway stations,
+
+224
+00:20:22,680 --> 00:20:28,640
+airports, I say Heathrow Airport. Names of lakes,
+
+225
+00:20:29,280 --> 00:20:36,280
+when I say Tabaria Lake, Victoria Lake, okay? But
+
+226
+00:20:36,280 --> 00:20:40,120
+you can say the lake. The lake here can be either
+
+227
+00:20:40,120 --> 00:20:44,480
+generic or specific. Okay? But if you name it,
+
+228
+00:20:44,760 --> 00:20:52,160
+then it is zero. Okay? Before some places with
+
+229
+00:20:52,160 --> 00:20:57,240
+some forms of transport, I say at home, in bed or
+
+230
+00:20:57,240 --> 00:21:04,720
+to bed, at work, to work, at school, to school, by
+
+231
+00:21:04,720 --> 00:21:12,350
+bus, by plane, by car, by train, on foot. She goes
+
+232
+00:21:12,350 --> 00:21:18,070
+to work by bus. Okay, I can't say by the bus. All
+
+233
+00:21:18,070 --> 00:21:23,190
+means of transports preceded by the preposition by
+
+234
+00:21:23,190 --> 00:21:31,290
+or mostly in or on, they are mostly with zero
+
+235
+00:21:31,290 --> 00:21:38,200
+article. I was at home yesterday evening. Okay, I
+
+236
+00:21:38,200 --> 00:21:41,920
+was at home. I can say in Arabic I say كنت في
+
+237
+00:21:41,920 --> 00:21:47,920
+البيت. So once you translate using
+
+238
+00:21:47,920 --> 00:21:52,900
+the system of literal translation, you may commit
+
+239
+00:21:52,900 --> 00:22:01,320
+an error saying that أنا I am at the home. Okay. I
+
+240
+00:22:01,320 --> 00:22:04,180
+was at the home. What do you call this error?
+
+241
+00:22:04,840 --> 00:22:07,140
+Interlingual error or intralingual error?
+
+242
+00:22:09,000 --> 00:22:14,260
+Interlingual because it is derived from Arabic. I
+
+243
+00:22:14,260 --> 00:22:20,980
+say, what a beautiful class. What a beautiful
+
+244
+00:22:20,980 --> 00:22:26,720
+class. Could I say what a beautiful weather? Why?
+
+245
+00:22:30,390 --> 00:22:34,470
+Because weather is uncountable. Oh, what a
+
+246
+00:22:34,470 --> 00:22:38,110
+beautiful day. Okay, but I can't say what a
+
+247
+00:22:38,110 --> 00:22:42,430
+beautiful weather. What beautiful weather. Okay.
+
+248
+00:22:48,650 --> 00:22:55,690
+I say have a nice day. A nice day. One day, two
+
+249
+00:22:55,690 --> 00:22:59,590
+days, etc. It is countable. But have nice weather.
+
+250
+00:23:01,900 --> 00:23:02,680
+Okay.
+
+251
+00:23:07,300 --> 00:23:11,720
+So what beautiful weather. It is zero. Comes
+
+252
+00:23:11,720 --> 00:23:16,940
+always with uncountable nouns. What loud music.
+
+253
+00:23:17,880 --> 00:23:22,660
+Music is non-countable. Okay. What loud music. You
+
+254
+00:23:22,660 --> 00:23:24,040
+can't say what a loud music.
+
+255
+00:23:27,280 --> 00:23:28,060
+Yes.
+
+256
+00:23:31,310 --> 00:23:42,990
+Now, we'd like to touch Arabic. You see that
+
+257
+00:23:42,990 --> 00:23:44,410
+Arabic differs from English.
+
+258
+00:23:47,190 --> 00:23:53,110
+The indefiniteness system is overt. However, it is
+
+259
+00:23:53,110 --> 00:23:58,230
+covert in Arabic. We have an in English, but we
+
+260
+00:23:58,230 --> 00:24:02,800
+don't have equivalence for either a or n it is
+
+261
+00:24:02,800 --> 00:24:06,740
+zero okay it is not necessarily to have the same
+
+262
+00:24:06,740 --> 00:24:15,140
+translation okay how
+
+263
+00:24:15,140 --> 00:24:18,760
+could
+
+264
+00:24:18,760 --> 00:24:19,920
+you translate it into English
+
+265
+00:24:24,480 --> 00:24:38,260
+a kilo of apple okay I drove a
+
+266
+00:24:38,260 --> 00:24:42,520
+yes
+
+267
+00:24:42,520 --> 00:24:50,370
+it is 80 miles an hour 80 miles an hour But 80
+
+268
+00:24:50,370 --> 00:24:55,710
+miles per hour it is definite in Arabic while it
+
+269
+00:24:55,710 --> 00:25:03,670
+is indefinite I say 80 miles an hour an hour a
+
+270
+00:25:03,670 --> 00:25:13,930
+minute a day Okay I say I'm a teacher
+
+271
+00:25:18,750 --> 00:25:25,450
+I am a teacher. Okay. هو مهندس. So what is zero
+
+272
+00:25:25,450 --> 00:25:28,030
+for the professions and handicrafts, they are zero
+
+273
+00:25:28,030 --> 00:25:34,510
+in Arabic while indefinite in English. They are
+
+274
+00:25:34,510 --> 00:25:37,690
+preceded by the indefinite article. I say أنا
+
+275
+00:25:37,690 --> 00:25:43,330
+مسلم. I'm a Muslim. So you have to take care.
+
+276
+00:25:44,230 --> 00:25:48,950
+about this. Otherwise, you commit interlingual
+
+277
+00:25:48,950 --> 00:25:52,210
+errors. So if your students say, I am Muslim, what
+
+278
+00:25:52,210 --> 00:25:57,110
+do you say? Where's the error? I am Muslim.
+
+279
+00:26:00,070 --> 00:26:07,210
+There is an error in the noun Muslim. I have to
+
+280
+00:26:07,210 --> 00:26:11,290
+say I am a Muslim. Okay, so this mistake is
+
+281
+00:26:11,290 --> 00:26:14,900
+derived from Arabic. Okay. So what do you call it?
+
+282
+00:26:15,060 --> 00:26:18,660
+Interlingual or intralingual? Interlingual error.
+
+283
+00:26:19,360 --> 00:26:24,740
+Okay. I am a Muslim. So it can wrongly be
+
+284
+00:26:24,740 --> 00:26:30,800
+translated into this. I'm a Muslim or I am Muslim.
+
+285
+00:26:30,940 --> 00:26:34,780
+Sorry, I am Muslim. This is zero. This is zero,
+
+286
+00:26:34,920 --> 00:26:39,520
+which is wrong. English has overt indefinite
+
+287
+00:26:39,520 --> 00:26:43,980
+article with adjectives of religions and
+
+288
+00:26:43,980 --> 00:26:54,860
+professions and handicrafts. My dad is
+
+289
+00:26:54,860 --> 00:26:59,380
+a windscutter. Is a windscutter. Not windscatter.
+
+290
+00:27:00,160 --> 00:27:06,100
+Okay, I say Topargy in Arabic or Banna. Okay.
+
+291
+00:27:06,620 --> 00:27:14,300
+Mason then. Okay. So my dad is a Mason. In Arabic,
+
+292
+00:27:14,480 --> 00:27:18,940
+it is zero. In English, it is indefinite. Okay.
+
+293
+00:27:20,100 --> 00:27:24,500
+You know, this is because Arabic indefiniteness is
+
+294
+00:27:24,500 --> 00:27:28,800
+covert. The Arabic indefiniteness is zero. Okay.
+
+295
+00:27:29,260 --> 00:27:33,630
+The nonation which we have in Arabic refers mostly
+
+296
+00:27:33,630 --> 00:27:39,710
+to what is called emphasis, not indefiniteness.
+
+297
+00:27:40,110 --> 00:27:40,250
+Okay.
+
+298
+00:27:48,770 --> 00:27:53,910
+Now we've
+
+299
+00:27:53,910 --> 00:27:59,370
+seen that Once you express about any any any sense
+
+300
+00:27:59,370 --> 00:28:02,530
+or any meaning which refers to the sense of any
+
+301
+00:28:02,530 --> 00:28:07,310
+Okay, or the name mentioned for the first time It
+
+302
+00:28:07,310 --> 00:28:10,190
+is zero in English. It is sorry indefinite in
+
+303
+00:28:10,190 --> 00:28:16,830
+English A or N However in Arabic it is zero في يوم
+
+304
+00:28:16,830 --> 00:28:22,250
+من الأيام كان هناك ملك كان
+
+305
+00:28:22,250 --> 00:28:27,940
+هناك ملك Okay so now once you translate this into
+
+306
+00:28:27,940 --> 00:28:31,820
+English you say once upon a time there was a king
+
+307
+00:28:31,820 --> 00:28:38,420
+you add the overt indefinite article a this comes
+
+308
+00:28:38,420 --> 00:28:42,100
+out with positive interference or negative
+
+309
+00:28:42,100 --> 00:28:46,020
+interference negative interference because your
+
+310
+00:28:46,020 --> 00:28:51,910
+students mostly omit The indefinite article a they
+
+311
+00:28:51,910 --> 00:28:56,950
+say they say once upon a time there was king Okay,
+
+312
+00:28:57,050 --> 00:29:01,730
+so this derives from arabic it is Interlingual
+
+313
+00:29:01,730 --> 00:29:07,830
+error interlingual error. Okay The earth is like
+
+314
+00:29:07,830 --> 00:29:12,990
+It's like a bone. This is english Okay, the room
+
+315
+00:29:12,990 --> 00:29:13,910
+is like a square
+
+316
+00:29:18,220 --> 00:29:22,680
+Okay, so assequire in English While in Arabic
+
+317
+00:29:22,680 --> 00:29:26,840
+المربع. So we don't have Because the two languages
+
+318
+00:29:26,840 --> 00:29:31,060
+are different Arabic as you know is semantic
+
+319
+00:29:31,060 --> 00:29:35,700
+language While English is Indo-European So we
+
+320
+00:29:35,700 --> 00:29:39,700
+don't have parallel system Okay, what is
+
+321
+00:29:39,700 --> 00:29:42,800
+indefinite here must be indefinite in the other
+
+322
+00:29:42,800 --> 00:29:47,580
+language. No الغرفة
+
+323
+00:29:48,820 --> 00:29:53,220
+The Rome is like a square. Okay. It is indefinite
+
+324
+00:29:53,220 --> 00:29:59,160
+in English while definite in Arabic. So we don't
+
+325
+00:29:59,160 --> 00:30:02,460
+have productive rules for translation here. You
+
+326
+00:30:02,460 --> 00:30:06,340
+have to understand the structure of English and to
+
+327
+00:30:06,340 --> 00:30:09,840
+be very, very aware of the structure of your
+
+328
+00:30:09,840 --> 00:30:13,810
+Arabic. The translator must be aware of grammar,
+
+329
+00:30:14,630 --> 00:30:18,050
+the grammar of the two languages which he or she
+
+330
+00:30:18,050 --> 00:30:24,570
+translates to. Okay? It is not limited to a number
+
+331
+00:30:24,570 --> 00:30:26,990
+of vocabulary you have in your mental dictionary.
+
+332
+00:30:27,830 --> 00:30:32,550
+Okay? You have to be familiar with the structure
+
+333
+00:30:32,550 --> 00:30:35,930
+of the two languages. Otherwise, you commit
+
+334
+00:30:35,930 --> 00:30:42,820
+serious errors. Again, the syntax and the word
+
+335
+00:30:42,820 --> 00:30:47,400
+order of language. Once you translate, you have to
+
+336
+00:30:47,400 --> 00:30:51,380
+know that Arabic has more than four word orders,
+
+337
+00:30:51,980 --> 00:30:56,600
+while in English we only have one word order okay
+
+338
+00:30:56,600 --> 00:31:00,920
+subject verb object however in Arabic we use verb
+
+339
+00:31:00,920 --> 00:31:09,000
+subject object or subject verb object or I say for
+
+340
+00:31:09,000 --> 00:31:17,460
+example verb object subject we have I say كتب
+
+341
+00:31:17,460 --> 00:31:23,040
+الولد الدرسة الولد كتب الدرسة الدرسة كتب الولد
+
+342
+00:31:23,720 --> 00:31:31,820
+Okay. So we have nearly four word orders or maybe
+
+343
+00:31:31,820 --> 00:31:35,020
+five if we add the cliticized system.
+
+344
+00:31:38,980 --> 00:31:44,960
+This is a clitic. Okay. So we nearly have five
+
+345
+00:31:44,960 --> 00:31:47,180
+word orders in Arabic while in English we have
+
+346
+00:31:47,180 --> 00:31:51,540
+only one. Okay. So once you translate, which one
+
+347
+00:31:51,540 --> 00:31:56,440
+of these word orders could you use? The one which
+
+348
+00:31:56,440 --> 00:32:00,880
+must be used here is the canonical word order of
+
+349
+00:32:00,880 --> 00:32:06,220
+Arabic, which is verb, subject, object. Once you
+
+350
+00:32:06,220 --> 00:32:10,260
+translate into Arabic, you have to begin with the
+
+351
+00:32:10,260 --> 00:32:18,420
+verb. This is more adequate than using the
+
+352
+00:32:18,420 --> 00:32:24,450
+subject. Because according to some Arabic
+
+353
+00:32:24,450 --> 00:32:27,430
+grammarian schools, they say the subject here is
+
+354
+00:32:27,430 --> 00:32:32,530
+called, once I say, زيد كتب الدرسة. زيد كتب
+
+355
+00:32:32,530 --> 00:32:37,330
+الدرسة. I say زيد is subject. But you say
+
+356
+00:32:37,330 --> 00:32:43,290
+according to traditional Arab grammarians,
+
+357
+00:32:43,850 --> 00:32:46,870
+you say that this is a topic. Topic يعني مبتدر.
+
+358
+00:32:51,540 --> 00:32:58,500
+The most effective word order is the canonical one
+
+359
+00:32:58,500 --> 00:33:06,190
+verb subject object okay, so you see Once you
+
+360
+00:33:06,190 --> 00:33:08,750
+speak about the definiteness or indefiniteness
+
+361
+00:33:08,750 --> 00:33:11,370
+system, you find differences between the two
+
+362
+00:33:11,370 --> 00:33:15,190
+languages. If you look to word order, you find
+
+363
+00:33:15,190 --> 00:33:18,530
+differences. If you look to any structure, like
+
+364
+00:33:18,530 --> 00:33:23,130
+prepositions for example, like the structure of
+
+365
+00:33:23,130 --> 00:33:27,170
+nouns, the plural of nouns, etc, you find the
+
+366
+00:33:27,170 --> 00:33:31,830
+differences. Inflection system Arabic is different
+
+367
+00:33:31,830 --> 00:33:34,950
+from English as we've seen. So once you translate,
+
+368
+00:33:35,130 --> 00:33:39,590
+you have to be very careful and very cautious. in
+
+369
+00:33:39,590 --> 00:33:43,150
+your translation because the structure in both
+
+370
+00:33:43,150 --> 00:33:45,970
+languages are complete is completely different
+
+371
+00:33:45,970 --> 00:33:50,070
+okay so you have to take care of the definite and
+
+372
+00:33:50,070 --> 00:33:52,830
+indefinite articles what is available in English
+
+373
+00:33:52,830 --> 00:33:58,370
+may not be available in Arabic so this is why your
+
+374
+00:33:58,370 --> 00:34:03,590
+students commit serious errors once using the
+
+375
+00:34:03,590 --> 00:34:08,150
+articles a or n or the most of the time you find
+
+376
+00:34:08,150 --> 00:34:15,240
+them add or put the Okay, the definite article
+
+377
+00:34:15,240 --> 00:34:19,220
+there before any noun before abstract nouns
+
+378
+00:34:19,220 --> 00:34:25,800
+material nouns meals names of sports names of
+
+379
+00:34:25,800 --> 00:34:30,080
+railway stations airports streets countries, why?
+
+380
+00:34:31,180 --> 00:34:35,600
+Why is this? Because in Arabic they are definite
+
+381
+00:34:36,400 --> 00:34:40,300
+So you find them translated into English using the
+
+382
+00:34:40,300 --> 00:34:44,960
+definite article, the. Okay. So you have to be
+
+383
+00:34:44,960 --> 00:34:47,660
+very careful. You have, once you teach English to
+
+384
+00:34:47,660 --> 00:34:50,240
+the students, you have to let them be familiar
+
+385
+00:34:50,240 --> 00:34:56,520
+with the use of the, using activities. Okay. Or
+
+386
+00:34:56,520 --> 00:35:04,030
+games that are based on fun. You have to teach
+
+387
+00:35:04,030 --> 00:35:08,130
+such articles contextually. You have to teach them
+
+388
+00:35:08,130 --> 00:35:14,530
+inductively. Don't use formal teaching. Don't
+
+389
+00:35:14,530 --> 00:35:18,750
+teach formally or deductively. Try to use games
+
+390
+00:35:18,750 --> 00:35:22,530
+that make or that increase what's called
+
+391
+00:35:22,530 --> 00:35:27,050
+motivation and competition inside the class. The
+
+392
+00:35:27,050 --> 00:35:31,350
+more you develop motivation among your students,
+
+393
+00:35:32,140 --> 00:35:36,080
+the more they understand, okay? The more you use
+
+394
+00:35:36,080 --> 00:35:40,080
+competitions, the more they understand. The more
+
+395
+00:35:40,080 --> 00:35:45,140
+you let them speak, they will understand in a very
+
+396
+00:35:45,140 --> 00:35:50,900
+shortcut way. However, explaining the articles by
+
+397
+00:35:50,900 --> 00:35:54,120
+you yourself without letting your students
+
+398
+00:35:54,120 --> 00:35:58,060
+participate, this means that they may understand
+
+399
+00:35:58,060 --> 00:36:00,820
+within the class and once they reach the gate of
+
+400
+00:36:00,820 --> 00:36:05,820
+the school, they forget everything, okay? So try
+
+401
+00:36:05,820 --> 00:36:13,260
+to explain such articles or such grammatical items
+
+402
+00:36:13,260 --> 00:36:18,820
+communicatively, contextually, okay? And better to
+
+403
+00:36:18,820 --> 00:36:22,200
+divide the class into groups, either large classes
+
+404
+00:36:22,200 --> 00:36:25,680
+or small classes, just to have what is called
+
+405
+00:36:25,680 --> 00:36:29,560
+competition inside the class. Use the system of
+
+406
+00:36:29,560 --> 00:36:34,150
+rewording as well. Okay, just to encourage them
+
+407
+00:36:34,150 --> 00:36:39,970
+speak, prepare, answer, compete with each other.
+
+408
+00:36:40,070 --> 00:36:44,290
+Okay, so take care of that. Thank you. That's it
+
+409
+00:36:44,290 --> 00:36:44,710
+for today. 

PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/5NUdGHEpQn4_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1936 @@
+1
+00:00:13,960 --> 00:00:16,440
+Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Today inshallah we are
+
+2
+00:00:16,440 --> 00:00:19,860
+going to discuss just a new subject that is
+
+3
+00:00:19,860 --> 00:00:24,300
+adjectives in English and Arabic. We are going to
+
+4
+00:00:24,300 --> 00:00:27,760
+see the different types of adjectives in English
+
+5
+00:00:29,870 --> 00:00:35,890
+the attributive and the predicative adjectives and
+
+6
+00:00:35,890 --> 00:00:40,430
+their types in English, their order in English.
+
+7
+00:00:41,550 --> 00:00:44,610
+You know, we have a specific order for the
+
+8
+00:00:44,610 --> 00:00:49,220
+adjectives in English. you have to follow it once
+
+9
+00:00:49,220 --> 00:00:53,320
+you translate it from Arabic to English or when
+
+10
+00:00:53,320 --> 00:00:57,240
+you
+
+11
+00:00:57,240 --> 00:01:00,800
+just write English. You have to follow a specific
+
+12
+00:01:00,800 --> 00:01:05,440
+system just in using the adjectives. Sometimes the
+
+13
+00:01:05,440 --> 00:01:13,910
+adjective can modify one noun which is always, you
+
+14
+00:01:13,910 --> 00:01:17,850
+know, the adjectives modify a noun or pronoun, but
+
+15
+00:01:17,850 --> 00:01:21,070
+you have one adjective modifying a noun, sometimes
+
+16
+00:01:21,070 --> 00:01:24,670
+you have two adjectives modifying a noun, or more
+
+17
+00:01:24,670 --> 00:01:27,830
+than two adjectives. How could you deal with these
+
+18
+00:01:27,830 --> 00:01:31,310
+adjectives? How could you order them in the
+
+19
+00:01:31,310 --> 00:01:33,950
+sentence? Okay, this is what we are going to
+
+20
+00:01:33,950 --> 00:01:37,260
+discuss today. And we are going to see Arabic. Do
+
+21
+00:01:37,260 --> 00:01:40,840
+we have a specific system for ordering the
+
+22
+00:01:40,840 --> 00:01:45,240
+adjectives in Arabic? Is there a specific system
+
+23
+00:01:45,240 --> 00:01:49,720
+or not? There's no specific system in Arabic. The
+
+24
+00:01:49,720 --> 00:01:55,660
+specific system is available in English. Arabic is
+
+25
+00:01:55,660 --> 00:01:59,200
+more liberal in the order of adjectives than
+
+26
+00:01:59,200 --> 00:02:02,740
+English. So this causes what's called negative
+
+27
+00:02:02,740 --> 00:02:06,200
+interference. Once you translate from Arabic to
+
+28
+00:02:06,200 --> 00:02:09,820
+English, you commit serious errors in the order of
+
+29
+00:02:09,820 --> 00:02:14,140
+the adjectives. These may be interlingual errors
+
+30
+00:02:14,140 --> 00:02:17,120
+or interlingual errors. We are going to see the
+
+31
+00:02:17,120 --> 00:02:22,360
+subject today in detail to come out with the
+
+32
+00:02:22,360 --> 00:02:25,760
+results and to clarify the areas of difficulties
+
+33
+00:02:25,760 --> 00:02:27,440
+in using adjectives.
+
+34
+00:02:30,980 --> 00:02:33,880
+First of all, let's see the definition of
+
+35
+00:02:33,880 --> 00:02:34,700
+adjectives.
+
+36
+00:02:38,160 --> 00:02:40,720
+It can be modified. I mean, the adjective can be
+
+37
+00:02:40,720 --> 00:02:44,100
+modified as a word that modifies or qualifies a
+
+38
+00:02:44,100 --> 00:02:45,520
+noun or pronoun.
+
+39
+00:02:49,440 --> 00:02:52,840
+In one of three forms, either comparative degree,
+
+40
+00:02:55,780 --> 00:03:02,210
+positive degree, or superlative degree. We have
+
+41
+00:03:02,210 --> 00:03:05,710
+three types of comparison in English. The positive
+
+42
+00:03:05,710 --> 00:03:10,810
+degree as strong as comparative degree stronger
+
+43
+00:03:10,810 --> 00:03:14,010
+than the superlative degree the strongest.
+
+44
+00:03:19,330 --> 00:03:24,090
+So the main syntactic rule of adjectives is to
+
+45
+00:03:24,090 --> 00:03:27,210
+modify a noun or pronoun.
+
+46
+00:03:37,650 --> 00:03:42,190
+Here we see the
+
+47
+00:03:42,190 --> 00:03:48,050
+adjectives and the modifying objects, I mean the
+
+48
+00:03:48,050 --> 00:03:52,090
+nouns. Large towers could be seen from long
+
+49
+00:03:52,090 --> 00:03:57,470
+distance. Long distance. Long is an adjective.
+
+50
+00:03:58,990 --> 00:04:02,970
+Remodifies the noun distance. This is called
+
+51
+00:04:02,970 --> 00:04:06,570
+attributive adjective. Once the adjective precedes
+
+52
+00:04:06,570 --> 00:04:10,450
+the noun or the pronoun, it is called attributive
+
+53
+00:04:10,450 --> 00:04:14,810
+adjective. And once it follows or post modifies
+
+54
+00:04:14,810 --> 00:04:19,830
+the noun, it is called predicative adjective.
+
+55
+00:04:23,190 --> 00:04:29,250
+The fish shape balloon floated over the treetops.
+
+56
+00:04:31,300 --> 00:04:36,120
+Fish-shaped balloon. Fish-shaped is an adjective
+
+57
+00:04:36,120 --> 00:04:40,500
+modifying or demodifying balloon. Okay, in this
+
+58
+00:04:40,500 --> 00:04:44,080
+sentence. The back room was filled with large
+
+59
+00:04:44,080 --> 00:04:49,100
+yellow rain boats. We have two adjectives
+
+60
+00:04:49,100 --> 00:04:55,500
+describing one noun or demodifying one noun, rain
+
+61
+00:04:55,500 --> 00:04:58,270
+boats. Two adjectives. Once you have two
+
+62
+00:04:58,270 --> 00:05:01,310
+adjectives, you separate between them by using a
+
+63
+00:05:01,310 --> 00:05:05,530
+comma. Okay? Large yellow. These are called also
+
+64
+00:05:05,530 --> 00:05:10,530
+attributive adjectives. The cool minds are dark
+
+65
+00:05:10,530 --> 00:05:19,350
+and dunk. The girls are happy. Okay? We have here
+
+66
+00:05:19,350 --> 00:05:26,500
+the cool minds, which is the noun. to be modified
+
+67
+00:05:26,500 --> 00:05:30,100
+in the sentence as you see the cool minds are dark
+
+68
+00:05:30,100 --> 00:05:34,060
+and dank the girls are happy now all the
+
+69
+00:05:34,060 --> 00:05:38,700
+adjectives dark dank happy are attribute are
+
+70
+00:05:38,700 --> 00:05:41,860
+predicative adjectives because they post modify
+
+71
+00:05:41,860 --> 00:05:46,940
+the noun okay so once the adjective comes after
+
+72
+00:05:46,940 --> 00:05:51,290
+the noun it is called predicative adjective and
+
+73
+00:05:51,290 --> 00:05:55,270
+once it precedes the noun it is called attributive
+
+74
+00:05:55,270 --> 00:05:55,910
+adjective.
+
+75
+00:06:01,650 --> 00:06:07,130
+Now we have also another type of adjective this is
+
+76
+00:06:07,130 --> 00:06:12,130
+morphological type I mean The adjective which can
+
+77
+00:06:12,130 --> 00:06:15,870
+be formed of two or more words combined by the use
+
+78
+00:06:15,870 --> 00:06:19,830
+of hyphens. Once we explained compounding to you
+
+79
+00:06:19,830 --> 00:06:24,810
+previously, we spoke about hyphenated compounding,
+
+80
+00:06:24,990 --> 00:06:28,590
+space compounding, and solid compounding. You
+
+81
+00:06:28,590 --> 00:06:33,450
+still recall that? Okay. The three-year-old child.
+
+82
+00:06:35,210 --> 00:06:41,270
+Three-year-old, this is an adjective. Remodifying
+
+83
+00:06:41,270 --> 00:06:45,470
+a noun, which is, where is the noun here? Child.
+
+84
+00:06:45,990 --> 00:06:49,270
+Is it called redicative or attributive?
+
+85
+00:06:50,030 --> 00:06:55,510
+Attributive. Okay. A $60 sweater.
+
+86
+00:06:56,970 --> 00:07:02,430
+Okay. So we have a $60 as attributive adjective,
+
+87
+00:07:02,790 --> 00:07:07,300
+remodifying the noun sweater. a two-week journey.
+
+88
+00:07:07,600 --> 00:07:11,400
+We have journey remodified by the adjective two
+
+89
+00:07:11,400 --> 00:07:15,860
+-week. These are called attributive adjectives.
+
+90
+00:07:16,040 --> 00:07:21,520
+Yes, here once you have a number preceding noun
+
+91
+00:07:21,520 --> 00:07:25,760
+this noun remains in its base generated position
+
+92
+00:07:25,760 --> 00:07:29,340
+in its sorry in its base position in its stem
+
+93
+00:07:29,340 --> 00:07:33,300
+position cannot accept any inflection so you can't
+
+94
+00:07:33,300 --> 00:07:37,520
+for example say sixty dollars sweeter it's wrong
+
+95
+00:07:37,520 --> 00:07:41,700
+three years old child it's wrong you have to say
+
+96
+00:07:41,700 --> 00:07:46,500
+three three year sixty dollar two week okay
+
+97
+00:07:49,160 --> 00:07:53,380
+once the noun is preceded by a number written
+
+98
+00:07:53,380 --> 00:07:59,300
+number as you see then there must be no plural at
+
+99
+00:07:59,300 --> 00:08:05,960
+all the noun remains in its singular status it
+
+100
+00:08:05,960 --> 00:08:12,140
+stands as an adjective as
+
+101
+00:08:12,140 --> 00:08:16,790
+we mentioned we have the adjectives appear in two
+
+102
+00:08:16,790 --> 00:08:21,070
+main types either attributive remodifying a noun
+
+103
+00:08:21,070 --> 00:08:27,410
+or predicative post modifying the noun you see
+
+104
+00:08:27,410 --> 00:08:34,430
+okay the new secretary is a bsc holder the new
+
+105
+00:08:34,430 --> 00:08:39,530
+secretary new It's an adjective. Is it attributive
+
+106
+00:08:39,530 --> 00:08:44,030
+or predicative? Attributive. The tall men are
+
+107
+00:08:44,030 --> 00:08:46,730
+basketball players.
+
+108
+00:08:49,130 --> 00:08:53,150
+Basketball players. So we have tall men. What do
+
+109
+00:08:53,150 --> 00:08:57,450
+you call tall? Attributive adjective. We have
+
+110
+00:08:57,450 --> 00:09:03,300
+predicative adjectives. When the adjective Post
+
+111
+00:09:03,300 --> 00:09:06,640
+modifies the noun which when it comes after the
+
+112
+00:09:06,640 --> 00:09:12,440
+noun okay this is when an adjective used after the
+
+113
+00:09:12,440 --> 00:09:16,920
+verbs be seen look become and other link verbs and
+
+114
+00:09:16,920 --> 00:09:20,600
+is a part of the predicate it's it's said to be
+
+115
+00:09:20,600 --> 00:09:25,680
+predicative adjective she is afraid of ghosts what
+
+116
+00:09:25,680 --> 00:09:31,430
+does afraid as an adjective modify it modifies He,
+
+117
+00:09:31,550 --> 00:09:34,790
+this is the pronoun. Does it come after or before?
+
+118
+00:09:35,070 --> 00:09:38,950
+After. So this is called predicative adjective.
+
+119
+00:09:39,590 --> 00:09:45,270
+The address is new, isn't it? Okay, new is an
+
+120
+00:09:45,270 --> 00:09:51,890
+adjective. Post modifying the address. Okay, so it
+
+121
+00:09:51,890 --> 00:09:56,410
+is predicative adjective. She looks rich. I feel
+
+122
+00:09:56,410 --> 00:10:00,510
+unhappy. What about rich and unhappy? They are
+
+123
+00:10:00,510 --> 00:10:05,750
+adjectives. The first one, rich, post-modifies the
+
+124
+00:10:05,750 --> 00:10:09,590
+pronoun she. It is called predicative. And unhappy
+
+125
+00:10:09,590 --> 00:10:15,390
+also is predicative. It post-modifies the pronoun
+
+126
+00:10:15,390 --> 00:10:15,870
+I.
+
+127
+00:10:20,650 --> 00:10:26,410
+We have some fixed phrases where the adjective
+
+128
+00:10:26,410 --> 00:10:30,760
+comes after the noun. We say, for example,
+
+129
+00:10:31,940 --> 00:10:39,120
+secretary-general. The United Nations secretary
+
+130
+00:10:39,120 --> 00:10:39,720
+-general.
+
+131
+00:10:43,440 --> 00:10:45,240
+Attorney-general.
+
+132
+00:10:50,600 --> 00:10:54,900
+President-elect. Court martial.
+
+133
+00:10:59,000 --> 00:11:05,020
+God Almighty, poet laureate, attorney general. So
+
+134
+00:11:05,020 --> 00:11:10,720
+you have these nouns are always post modified by
+
+135
+00:11:10,720 --> 00:11:14,840
+predicative adjective. Okay, we say for example,
+
+136
+00:11:15,720 --> 00:11:18,040
+Mudir Aam. How could we translate it?
+
+137
+00:11:23,000 --> 00:11:26,640
+General director? It's wrong. Director general.
+
+138
+00:11:27,460 --> 00:11:28,060
+Okay.
+
+139
+00:11:30,510 --> 00:11:33,050
+Yes, it is the same as secretary general. Yeah.
+
+140
+00:11:40,850 --> 00:11:45,950
+Most of the adjectives ending in A-P-L-E or I-P-L
+
+141
+00:11:45,950 --> 00:11:50,610
+-E come after the noun. They post modify the noun.
+
+142
+00:11:50,730 --> 00:11:54,830
+Most of them appear as a form of predicative
+
+143
+00:11:54,830 --> 00:12:00,340
+adjectives. Okay? send all the tickets available
+
+144
+00:12:00,340 --> 00:12:03,780
+we
+
+145
+00:12:03,780 --> 00:12:07,620
+say available tickets but here tickets available
+
+146
+00:12:07,620 --> 00:12:11,700
+both and they alternate either pre-modifying or
+
+147
+00:12:11,700 --> 00:12:16,620
+post-modifying once they end with ABLE or IBLE
+
+148
+00:12:16,620 --> 00:12:21,360
+it's the only solution possible or possible
+
+149
+00:12:21,360 --> 00:12:23,740
+solution okay
+
+150
+00:12:27,900 --> 00:12:31,480
+Now we have adjectives come directly after the
+
+151
+00:12:31,480 --> 00:12:35,260
+universal and partitive pronouns, something,
+
+152
+00:12:35,780 --> 00:12:40,580
+everything, anything, nothing, somebody, anywhere,
+
+153
+00:12:41,400 --> 00:12:46,040
+and similar words. You have, once we say everyone,
+
+154
+00:12:46,980 --> 00:12:52,860
+anyone, everybody, these are called universal
+
+155
+00:12:52,860 --> 00:12:57,620
+pronouns. Somebody, someone, these are called
+
+156
+00:12:57,620 --> 00:13:03,740
+partitive pronouns, okay? Anywhere, etc. So once
+
+157
+00:13:03,740 --> 00:13:06,420
+you have these pronouns,
+
+158
+00:13:07,840 --> 00:13:14,200
+we have the adjectives come after them. Have you
+
+159
+00:13:14,200 --> 00:13:17,920
+read anything interesting? We cannot say, have you
+
+160
+00:13:17,920 --> 00:13:22,300
+read interesting things? Anything interesting
+
+161
+00:13:22,300 --> 00:13:27,160
+lately? Let's go somewhere quiet. Let's go
+
+162
+00:13:27,160 --> 00:13:30,060
+somewhere quiet. We cannot say let's go some
+
+163
+00:13:30,060 --> 00:13:34,700
+quiet, okay? Somewhere quiet somewhere. It's
+
+164
+00:13:34,700 --> 00:13:37,180
+wrong. Let's go somewhere quiet.
+
+165
+00:13:48,410 --> 00:13:51,910
+Okay, once you have we have another sentence. Have
+
+166
+00:13:51,910 --> 00:13:55,690
+you ever read anything interesting lately? So we
+
+167
+00:13:55,690 --> 00:13:59,270
+have interesting as an adjective. What do you call
+
+168
+00:13:59,270 --> 00:14:02,990
+it predicative or attributive? Predicative why?
+
+169
+00:14:03,990 --> 00:14:07,250
+Because it is preceded by the pronoun anything
+
+170
+00:14:07,250 --> 00:14:14,110
+Let's go somewhere quiet as you see Okay we have
+
+171
+00:14:14,110 --> 00:14:16,930
+Adjectives
+
+172
+00:14:17,770 --> 00:14:20,250
+called present proper.
+
+173
+00:14:23,290 --> 00:14:30,390
+Which they refer to, which refer to time. They
+
+174
+00:14:30,390 --> 00:14:32,170
+mean here or there.
+
+175
+00:14:35,730 --> 00:14:38,710
+The present members, when I say the present
+
+176
+00:14:38,710 --> 00:14:44,530
+members, those who are members now. Those who are
+
+177
+00:14:44,530 --> 00:14:49,600
+actually members now. The members present,
+
+178
+00:14:54,640 --> 00:14:59,440
+the students present, the students who are present
+
+179
+00:14:59,440 --> 00:15:03,820
+now a moment in the class. The present students,
+
+180
+00:15:03,980 --> 00:15:07,760
+okay, we speak about the students registered in
+
+181
+00:15:07,760 --> 00:15:08,260
+the course.
+
+182
+00:15:16,670 --> 00:15:22,490
+So once you have the word present followed by a
+
+183
+00:15:22,490 --> 00:15:26,590
+noun, it can be attributive, it can be
+
+184
+00:15:26,590 --> 00:15:31,090
+predicative, but the meaning differs. Once you
+
+185
+00:15:31,090 --> 00:15:34,450
+translate, the meaning must be different. You have
+
+186
+00:15:34,450 --> 00:15:37,290
+to take care of that. Absent.
+
+187
+00:15:41,270 --> 00:15:42,430
+As I mentioned,
+
+188
+00:15:45,170 --> 00:15:51,790
+the present members and members present. We have
+
+189
+00:15:51,790 --> 00:15:57,930
+adjectives preceding the noun, such as proper,
+
+190
+00:15:58,650 --> 00:16:05,190
+means real or genuine. Once it comes after the
+
+191
+00:16:05,190 --> 00:16:08,470
+noun, it refers to the central or main part of
+
+192
+00:16:08,470 --> 00:16:13,840
+something. Olive mountain, جبل الزيتون is a proper
+
+193
+00:16:13,840 --> 00:16:19,820
+mountain, not a hill. Proper comes before. This is
+
+194
+00:16:19,820 --> 00:16:25,740
+an attributive adjective. Olive Mountain is a
+
+195
+00:16:25,740 --> 00:16:30,060
+proper mountain, not a hill. After two days
+
+196
+00:16:30,060 --> 00:16:35,260
+crossing the foothills, they reached the mountain
+
+197
+00:16:35,260 --> 00:16:41,500
+proper. So we have proper preceding the noun and
+
+198
+00:16:41,500 --> 00:16:44,640
+proper following the noun. And the two sentences
+
+199
+00:16:44,640 --> 00:16:48,940
+are completely different in meaning. Okay? Olive
+
+200
+00:16:48,940 --> 00:16:55,260
+Mountain is a proper mountain, not a hill. After
+
+201
+00:16:55,260 --> 00:16:58,980
+two days crossing the foothills, they reached the
+
+202
+00:16:58,980 --> 00:17:00,040
+mountain proper.
+
+203
+00:17:03,150 --> 00:17:06,170
+Mountain proper. So in the second sentence, we
+
+204
+00:17:06,170 --> 00:17:10,830
+have proper standing as predicative adjective. And
+
+205
+00:17:10,830 --> 00:17:13,230
+in the first sentence, Olive Mountain is a proper
+
+206
+00:17:13,230 --> 00:17:17,190
+mountain. Here we have proper standing as
+
+207
+00:17:17,190 --> 00:17:19,450
+attributive adjective.
+
+208
+00:17:26,150 --> 00:17:29,730
+Now, linguistically, we have the adjectives appear
+
+209
+00:17:29,730 --> 00:17:34,550
+in different types. Number one, proper adjectives.
+
+210
+00:17:34,870 --> 00:17:40,010
+The adjectives derived from a proper noun, such as
+
+211
+00:17:40,010 --> 00:17:45,050
+Palestinian, from Palestine. Norwegian, from
+
+212
+00:17:45,050 --> 00:17:47,890
+Norway. Islamic, from Islam.
+
+213
+00:17:50,650 --> 00:17:52,990
+Jerusalem is the Palestinian capital.
+
+214
+00:17:55,770 --> 00:17:58,610
+Jerusalem, the Palestinian capital, has an
+
+215
+00:17:58,610 --> 00:18:04,060
+interesting history. Palestinian. What type this
+
+216
+00:18:04,060 --> 00:18:07,900
+adjective is? It's a proper adjective. Why?
+
+217
+00:18:08,860 --> 00:18:14,600
+Because it is derived from a noun, Palestine. Many
+
+218
+00:18:14,600 --> 00:18:18,840
+of my friends are Norwegians. It's proper because
+
+219
+00:18:18,840 --> 00:18:24,140
+it is derived from Norway. The house is a fine
+
+220
+00:18:24,140 --> 00:18:28,880
+example of Islamic architecture. Islamic is
+
+221
+00:18:28,880 --> 00:18:33,040
+derived from Islam. It is a noun. Here it is an
+
+222
+00:18:33,040 --> 00:18:36,520
+adjective called proper adjective because it is
+
+223
+00:18:36,520 --> 00:18:40,580
+derived originally from a noun. We have what is
+
+224
+00:18:40,580 --> 00:18:44,320
+called attributive adjectives. We agree that the
+
+225
+00:18:44,320 --> 00:18:46,740
+attributive adjectives precede or follow the noun.
+
+226
+00:18:47,500 --> 00:18:53,200
+Precede the noun. Heavy rain is expected in the
+
+227
+00:18:53,200 --> 00:18:57,710
+island. Heavy. What do you call heavy? Attributive
+
+228
+00:18:57,710 --> 00:19:02,330
+adjective, mainly because it precedes the noun. We
+
+229
+00:19:02,330 --> 00:19:07,690
+saw savage animals on the zoo. Savage. Again,
+
+230
+00:19:07,810 --> 00:19:11,630
+attributive because it precedes and pre-modifies
+
+231
+00:19:11,630 --> 00:19:12,770
+the noun animals.
+
+232
+00:19:15,370 --> 00:19:18,110
+Now, we have different types of attributive
+
+233
+00:19:18,110 --> 00:19:23,950
+adjectives. We have adjectives of quality. They
+
+234
+00:19:23,950 --> 00:19:27,860
+refer to a quality of the subject. Once we say,
+
+235
+00:19:27,940 --> 00:19:31,820
+for example, Egypt is a beautiful country. Where's
+
+236
+00:19:31,820 --> 00:19:36,220
+the adjective? It's beautiful. Does it post-modify
+
+237
+00:19:36,220 --> 00:19:39,640
+or pre-modify the noun? Pre-modify the noun. This
+
+238
+00:19:39,640 --> 00:19:45,520
+is why it is called attributive. She's a tall
+
+239
+00:19:45,520 --> 00:19:52,980
+girl. Tall. The same. So we have adjectives of
+
+240
+00:19:52,980 --> 00:19:58,650
+quality. which they qualify or they refer to the
+
+241
+00:19:58,650 --> 00:20:03,030
+quality of the subject. We have adjectives of
+
+242
+00:20:03,030 --> 00:20:06,350
+quantity or quantitative adjectives.
+
+243
+00:20:08,170 --> 00:20:12,250
+They answer the question, how much? He's a little
+
+244
+00:20:12,250 --> 00:20:17,670
+stupid. I had some tea. So they answer the
+
+245
+00:20:17,670 --> 00:20:19,110
+question, how much?
+
+246
+00:20:24,090 --> 00:20:28,070
+We've seen the adjectives of quality, the
+
+247
+00:20:28,070 --> 00:20:31,310
+adjectives of quantity, and now the adjectives of
+
+248
+00:20:31,310 --> 00:20:31,670
+number.
+
+249
+00:20:34,470 --> 00:20:38,150
+The adjectives of number are attributive and they
+
+250
+00:20:38,150 --> 00:20:42,830
+always denote numbers. They can be definitive
+
+251
+00:20:42,830 --> 00:20:47,710
+numeral adjectives, which they denote exact
+
+252
+00:20:47,710 --> 00:20:53,720
+number. Give me five pencils. Five pencils. Five
+
+253
+00:20:53,720 --> 00:20:56,720
+is an adjective. This is a numerical adjective
+
+254
+00:20:56,720 --> 00:21:00,820
+standing as attributive adjectives. Five pencils.
+
+255
+00:21:01,240 --> 00:21:07,180
+I have one pencil with me. One. Okay? So it is
+
+256
+00:21:07,180 --> 00:21:11,160
+definite because it is known. We have still
+
+257
+00:21:11,160 --> 00:21:13,240
+indefinite numeral adjectives.
+
+258
+00:21:15,900 --> 00:21:20,200
+They do not denote specific number. Give me some
+
+259
+00:21:20,200 --> 00:21:25,820
+pins. Where's the adjective? Some. Okay. Several
+
+260
+00:21:25,820 --> 00:21:28,340
+students attended the meeting. Where's the
+
+261
+00:21:28,340 --> 00:21:32,160
+adjective? Several. So they are generic. They do
+
+262
+00:21:32,160 --> 00:21:36,340
+not refer to a specific number. We have what is
+
+263
+00:21:36,340 --> 00:21:39,880
+called distributive adjective. Distributive
+
+264
+00:21:39,880 --> 00:21:41,160
+numeral adjectives.
+
+265
+00:21:43,590 --> 00:21:48,790
+These refer to each one of a number. Words like
+
+266
+00:21:48,790 --> 00:21:53,490
+each, every, either, neither fall in this
+
+267
+00:21:53,490 --> 00:21:57,390
+category. Okay? So distributive numeral adjectives
+
+268
+00:21:57,390 --> 00:22:02,570
+refer to words like each, every, either, neither.
+
+269
+00:22:04,910 --> 00:22:11,240
+Each of the students is to pay a fine. Each of the
+
+270
+00:22:11,240 --> 00:22:15,080
+students. Where's the adjective? Each. It is still
+
+271
+00:22:15,080 --> 00:22:18,920
+attributive. Our country expects every man to do
+
+272
+00:22:18,920 --> 00:22:23,800
+his duty. Where's the adjective? Every. Each
+
+273
+00:22:23,800 --> 00:22:28,580
+student must take his turn. Each. Every boy, girl,
+
+274
+00:22:28,780 --> 00:22:32,600
+man and woman was enjoying the fun with him.
+
+275
+00:22:33,480 --> 00:22:38,930
+Every. Neither side was secured. Muhammad wanted
+
+276
+00:22:38,930 --> 00:22:42,970
+everyone to do his duty honestly and efficiently.
+
+277
+00:22:43,090 --> 00:22:47,150
+Everyone. Either reference will meet my need.
+
+278
+00:22:47,290 --> 00:22:47,730
+Either.
+
+279
+00:22:50,590 --> 00:22:55,650
+We still have demonstrative adjectives which they
+
+280
+00:22:55,650 --> 00:22:59,890
+refer to attributive adjectives. This boy is my
+
+281
+00:22:59,890 --> 00:23:06,390
+brother. This, that. Those, these. Okay, these
+
+282
+00:23:06,390 --> 00:23:12,010
+fruits are spoiled. So this boy, what is the
+
+283
+00:23:12,010 --> 00:23:16,710
+adjective here? The demonstrative pronoun stands
+
+284
+00:23:16,710 --> 00:23:21,190
+as an adjective, attributive adjective. This,
+
+285
+00:23:21,990 --> 00:23:26,010
+these fruits, these. Originally it is
+
+286
+00:23:26,010 --> 00:23:30,030
+demonstrative adjective, it's a determiner, but it
+
+287
+00:23:30,030 --> 00:23:33,920
+stands as an adjective. We have what is called
+
+288
+00:23:33,920 --> 00:23:35,620
+interrogative adjectives.
+
+289
+00:23:38,860 --> 00:23:39,580
+Okay?
+
+290
+00:23:42,640 --> 00:23:48,880
+These refer to words like what, which, whose, etc.
+
+291
+00:23:49,940 --> 00:23:54,020
+They are used with nouns to ask questions. Whose
+
+292
+00:23:54,020 --> 00:23:58,920
+car is this? Where's the adjective here? Whose car
+
+293
+00:23:58,920 --> 00:24:02,780
+is this? Whose is an adjective. What do you call
+
+294
+00:24:02,780 --> 00:24:06,960
+it? Attributive or predicative? Attributive
+
+295
+00:24:06,960 --> 00:24:11,320
+because it remodifies the noun car okay it is
+
+296
+00:24:11,320 --> 00:24:14,440
+called demonstrative adjectives because it is
+
+297
+00:24:14,440 --> 00:24:18,960
+originally a demonstrative pronoun. We have
+
+298
+00:24:18,960 --> 00:24:24,460
+possessive adjectives like myself, my, your, his,
+
+299
+00:24:24,620 --> 00:24:30,060
+her, it our it's our their okay possessive
+
+300
+00:24:30,060 --> 00:24:34,520
+pronouns i mean possessive pronouns okay what's
+
+301
+00:24:34,520 --> 00:24:37,280
+your aim where's the adjective here in the
+
+302
+00:24:37,280 --> 00:24:41,360
+sentence your okay it stands as possessive
+
+303
+00:24:41,360 --> 00:24:41,860
+adjective
+
+304
+00:24:44,540 --> 00:24:47,060
+This means that the possessive pronouns are called
+
+305
+00:24:47,060 --> 00:24:49,700
+possessive adjectives. They are always
+
+306
+00:24:49,700 --> 00:24:53,220
+attributive, as you see. The interrogative
+
+307
+00:24:53,220 --> 00:24:56,060
+adjectives, I mean the pronoun, the interrogative,
+
+308
+00:24:56,140 --> 00:25:00,780
+the which questions, which, whose, what, etc.
+
+309
+00:25:01,160 --> 00:25:04,520
+These are called attributive adjectives. The
+
+310
+00:25:04,520 --> 00:25:06,420
+demonstrative adjectives are originally
+
+311
+00:25:06,420 --> 00:25:10,260
+demonstrative pronouns. This, that, these, those,
+
+312
+00:25:10,400 --> 00:25:10,720
+etc.
+
+313
+00:25:16,490 --> 00:25:20,070
+Still, we have the types of attributive
+
+314
+00:25:20,070 --> 00:25:20,830
+adjectives.
+
+315
+00:25:23,650 --> 00:25:29,330
+Now, once you have multiple adjectives which they
+
+316
+00:25:29,330 --> 00:25:34,150
+modify only one subject, we use commas to separate
+
+317
+00:25:34,150 --> 00:25:39,370
+between these adjectives. The white hangry cat ate
+
+318
+00:25:39,370 --> 00:25:42,770
+the cheese. The white hangry. We have two
+
+319
+00:25:42,770 --> 00:25:47,130
+adjectives. They are separated by A comma. The
+
+320
+00:25:47,130 --> 00:25:53,730
+bike is red, slow and very old. Bike is red, slow.
+
+321
+00:25:54,570 --> 00:25:57,910
+The third one is simulated by or connected by and.
+
+322
+00:25:59,210 --> 00:25:59,510
+Okay?
+
+323
+00:26:04,070 --> 00:26:07,630
+If you have... Second example. The bike is red,
+
+324
+00:26:07,790 --> 00:26:11,230
+slow and very old. This is attributable. The bike
+
+325
+00:26:11,230 --> 00:26:16,070
+is red, slow and very old. It is not attributive,
+
+326
+00:26:16,690 --> 00:26:20,090
+it's predicative. We mentioned that once the
+
+327
+00:26:20,090 --> 00:26:23,890
+adjective follows the noun, it is predicative.
+
+328
+00:26:24,950 --> 00:26:30,200
+Once it follows, but once it precedes the noun, it
+
+329
+00:26:30,200 --> 00:26:34,660
+is attributive so we have post modification and
+
+330
+00:26:34,660 --> 00:26:38,700
+pre modification post modification is related to
+
+331
+00:26:38,700 --> 00:26:42,380
+predicative adjectives and pre modification is
+
+332
+00:26:42,380 --> 00:26:49,360
+related to attributive adjectives now
+
+333
+00:26:49,360 --> 00:26:52,140
+if you have two adjectives we speak about the
+
+334
+00:26:52,140 --> 00:26:55,050
+predicative If you have two adjectives both
+
+335
+00:26:55,050 --> 00:26:58,610
+modifying the noun, then they are connected to
+
+336
+00:26:58,610 --> 00:27:02,450
+each other by using and without a comma. Mary is
+
+337
+00:27:02,450 --> 00:27:03,730
+silly and annoying.
+
+338
+00:27:06,530 --> 00:27:11,670
+Alistair is cool, funny, intelligent, and smart.
+
+339
+00:27:12,510 --> 00:27:17,050
+Okay, so you have the first two adjectives
+
+340
+00:27:17,050 --> 00:27:21,270
+separated by a comma, okay? And the last two
+
+341
+00:27:21,270 --> 00:27:26,950
+adjectives are joined by N without comma, okay? If
+
+342
+00:27:26,950 --> 00:27:30,330
+you have two adjectives post modifying a noun,
+
+343
+00:27:30,690 --> 00:27:35,190
+they are connected with and without commas.
+
+344
+00:27:37,530 --> 00:27:42,750
+We have what is called participial adjective. The
+
+345
+00:27:42,750 --> 00:27:47,550
+one which has the form of a participle. An amusing
+
+346
+00:27:47,550 --> 00:27:54,010
+story. What do you call this? Amusing. Adjective,
+
+347
+00:27:54,090 --> 00:27:57,330
+yes. But what do you call it? Redicutive or
+
+348
+00:27:57,330 --> 00:28:00,850
+attributive? Attributive. Attributive. A lying
+
+349
+00:28:00,850 --> 00:28:08,270
+divination. A lying still attributive. We have
+
+350
+00:28:08,270 --> 00:28:09,630
+compound adjectives.
+
+351
+00:28:11,850 --> 00:28:16,650
+Okay? I mean, the one that consists of two or more
+
+352
+00:28:16,650 --> 00:28:20,740
+words joined together. either by a hyphen or
+
+353
+00:28:20,740 --> 00:28:30,320
+solid, okay, like not brown, laughter-loving, four
+
+354
+00:28:30,320 --> 00:28:36,840
+-footed, threefold, lord-like, lovesick, okay. We
+
+355
+00:28:36,840 --> 00:28:40,300
+have here hyphenated adjectives and we have solid
+
+356
+00:28:40,300 --> 00:28:44,040
+adjectives. Still, all of them are compound
+
+357
+00:28:44,040 --> 00:28:46,740
+adjectives, okay.
+
+358
+00:28:56,080 --> 00:29:01,140
+We come to the most tricky area of adjectives now.
+
+359
+00:29:02,200 --> 00:29:04,740
+The order of these adjectives.
+
+360
+00:29:07,880 --> 00:29:13,980
+In most languages, adjectives are controlled or
+
+361
+00:29:13,980 --> 00:29:17,760
+bound by a specific order. Still, some other
+
+362
+00:29:17,760 --> 00:29:22,380
+languages like Arabic is very free, is liberal,
+
+363
+00:29:23,390 --> 00:29:27,030
+The order of adjectives is highly dynamic. There
+
+364
+00:29:27,030 --> 00:29:30,130
+is no rule for governing the adjectives in Arabic
+
+365
+00:29:30,130 --> 00:29:35,110
+except their importance. We classify the
+
+366
+00:29:35,110 --> 00:29:38,350
+adjectives in the Arabic sentence according to its
+
+367
+00:29:38,350 --> 00:29:42,650
+importance. The most important one, then the
+
+368
+00:29:42,650 --> 00:29:45,870
+important one, then the least important one, as we
+
+369
+00:29:45,870 --> 00:29:48,590
+are going to explain later. However, this is not
+
+370
+00:29:48,590 --> 00:29:54,300
+available in English. English has a specific and
+
+371
+00:29:54,300 --> 00:29:58,120
+very strict rule for ordering the adjective in the
+
+372
+00:29:58,120 --> 00:30:03,820
+sentence. This is very problematic for the Arab
+
+373
+00:30:03,820 --> 00:30:06,920
+learners of English because once they translate
+
+374
+00:30:06,920 --> 00:30:09,440
+from Arabic into English, they commit serious
+
+375
+00:30:09,440 --> 00:30:14,240
+errors. They just write the adjectives or
+
+376
+00:30:14,240 --> 00:30:18,750
+translate the adjectives very spontaneously. Okay,
+
+377
+00:30:19,290 --> 00:30:21,550
+completely like Arabic by this they commit
+
+378
+00:30:21,550 --> 00:30:32,770
+interlingual errors, you know Interlingual yes So
+
+379
+00:30:32,770 --> 00:30:35,750
+adjective pertaining size for example generally
+
+380
+00:30:35,750 --> 00:30:40,670
+precede adjective pertaining the age size Precedes
+
+381
+00:30:40,670 --> 00:30:46,590
+age. So we say for example little old Little old
+
+382
+00:30:49,310 --> 00:30:56,170
+Boy or child. Not old, little. Okay? So, size
+
+383
+00:30:56,170 --> 00:30:58,290
+precedes age.
+
+384
+00:31:04,030 --> 00:31:08,790
+These two precedes what is called color. We say,
+
+385
+00:31:08,890 --> 00:31:15,310
+for example, old, green. Not green, old. The age
+
+386
+00:31:15,310 --> 00:31:18,070
+precedes color.
+
+387
+00:31:21,900 --> 00:31:29,300
+So this order, I mean size, all, age, then color
+
+388
+00:31:29,300 --> 00:31:36,240
+is very systematic in English. However, it is not
+
+389
+00:31:36,240 --> 00:31:39,900
+like so in Arabic or other languages. So it is
+
+390
+00:31:39,900 --> 00:31:44,700
+more rigid. This means that the order is not like
+
+391
+00:31:44,700 --> 00:31:49,450
+so. The order of adjectives in Arabic is quite
+
+392
+00:31:49,450 --> 00:31:54,130
+elastic, quite free, liberal. It depends on their
+
+393
+00:31:54,130 --> 00:31:55,690
+importance in the sentence.
+
+394
+00:32:03,170 --> 00:32:05,910
+Now, the attributive adjectives and the
+
+395
+00:32:05,910 --> 00:32:10,210
+predicative adjectives may have the same order in
+
+396
+00:32:10,210 --> 00:32:13,870
+the sentence. This is in English. The package is
+
+397
+00:32:13,870 --> 00:32:18,510
+small and light. The weather is clear, cold, and
+
+398
+00:32:18,510 --> 00:32:18,890
+dry.
+
+399
+00:32:21,750 --> 00:32:25,990
+Okay, this is English. We cannot say the weather
+
+400
+00:32:25,990 --> 00:32:33,170
+is cold, clear, and dry. Or cold, dry, clear. It's
+
+401
+00:32:33,170 --> 00:32:37,250
+wrong. You have to start with clear, then cold,
+
+402
+00:32:37,590 --> 00:32:43,410
+then dry. We're going to give the exact rule for
+
+403
+00:32:43,410 --> 00:32:47,350
+that. The photo stool is round and black.
+
+404
+00:32:51,230 --> 00:32:55,070
+Now, in the first example, the adjective small
+
+405
+00:32:55,070 --> 00:33:00,910
+indicates size. It precedes the adjective light,
+
+406
+00:33:01,670 --> 00:33:06,130
+indicating weight. Light, the opposite is heavy.
+
+407
+00:33:06,950 --> 00:33:10,250
+Okay? In the second example, the general
+
+408
+00:33:10,250 --> 00:33:13,550
+descriptive adjective clear precedes the adjective
+
+409
+00:33:13,550 --> 00:33:18,750
+cold indicating temperature cold temperature clear
+
+410
+00:33:18,750 --> 00:33:23,310
+which precedes the adjective dry which indicating
+
+411
+00:33:23,310 --> 00:33:29,850
+humidity in the
+
+412
+00:33:29,850 --> 00:33:32,050
+third example, the adjective round indicating
+
+413
+00:33:32,050 --> 00:33:36,430
+shape precedes the adjective black indicating
+
+414
+00:33:36,430 --> 00:33:40,640
+color Okay? So shape precedes color.
+
+415
+00:33:45,580 --> 00:33:52,420
+Okay? Now, if you have, as I mentioned, if you
+
+416
+00:33:52,420 --> 00:33:55,880
+have more than one adjective, then you have to use
+
+417
+00:33:55,880 --> 00:34:00,120
+punctuations. Okay? You have to use punctuations.
+
+418
+00:34:01,150 --> 00:34:03,430
+If you have two adjectives, you separate between
+
+419
+00:34:03,430 --> 00:34:06,570
+them by using a comma if they are attributive. But
+
+420
+00:34:06,570 --> 00:34:09,390
+if they are they are predicative, you have to
+
+421
+00:34:09,390 --> 00:34:13,520
+separate between them by using M. Okay. The
+
+422
+00:34:13,520 --> 00:34:17,980
+clothes were clean and dry. The dancers were tall,
+
+423
+00:34:18,320 --> 00:34:22,680
+slender, and graceful. Tall, slender, and
+
+424
+00:34:22,680 --> 00:34:25,760
+graceful. You have three adjectives. The first two
+
+425
+00:34:25,760 --> 00:34:30,720
+are separated by comma, and the second and third
+
+426
+00:34:30,720 --> 00:34:35,140
+are joined by using and. Now, if you have an
+
+427
+00:34:35,140 --> 00:34:39,270
+attributive adjective, it is the same. If you have
+
+428
+00:34:39,270 --> 00:34:42,530
+attributive adjectives pre-modifying a noun or
+
+429
+00:34:42,530 --> 00:34:45,590
+three attributive adjectives pre-modifying one
+
+430
+00:34:45,590 --> 00:34:48,250
+noun, then you have the first two separated by a
+
+431
+00:34:48,250 --> 00:34:52,970
+comma and the third one may be connected by using
+
+432
+00:34:52,970 --> 00:34:54,730
+and. Okay?
+
+433
+00:34:59,770 --> 00:35:03,530
+We have sometimes, we can have three or more
+
+434
+00:35:03,530 --> 00:35:07,570
+predicative adjectives. An additional comma is
+
+435
+00:35:07,570 --> 00:35:11,050
+sometimes placed before the word and. The dancers
+
+436
+00:35:11,050 --> 00:35:16,630
+were tall, slender and graceful. I mean, the comma
+
+437
+00:35:16,630 --> 00:35:22,890
+precedes the coordinator and. The conjunction and
+
+438
+00:35:22,890 --> 00:35:26,310
+itself is preceded by either a comma or without.
+
+439
+00:35:29,710 --> 00:35:34,330
+This comma is considered as unnecessary. Okay?
+
+440
+00:35:37,030 --> 00:35:40,570
+Now, we have adjectives which are always
+
+441
+00:35:40,570 --> 00:35:47,150
+predicative, like afloat, asleep, alone, alive,
+
+442
+00:35:47,670 --> 00:35:52,390
+afraid, aglow. Okay? They are always predicative.
+
+443
+00:35:53,210 --> 00:35:59,210
+The boat is afloat. The floating boat. Okay? So we
+
+444
+00:35:59,210 --> 00:36:02,190
+have difference in meaning. The child is afraid.
+
+445
+00:36:02,830 --> 00:36:07,190
+The frightened child. The sky is aglow. The
+
+446
+00:36:07,190 --> 00:36:12,910
+glowing sky. The animal is alive. The live animal.
+
+447
+00:36:13,590 --> 00:36:17,330
+The boy is asleep. The sleeping boy. Okay?
+
+448
+00:36:21,870 --> 00:36:28,310
+We have also the demonstrative pronoun stands
+
+449
+00:36:29,180 --> 00:36:32,020
+as predicative adjective as it stands as
+
+450
+00:36:32,020 --> 00:36:34,540
+attributive as we mentioned previously the
+
+451
+00:36:34,540 --> 00:36:39,160
+children are here the records were there I'm ready
+
+452
+00:36:39,160 --> 00:36:44,840
+ready works as completely like the demonstrative
+
+453
+00:36:44,840 --> 00:36:49,180
+pronoun in this regard it takes or it comes as
+
+454
+00:36:49,180 --> 00:36:58,320
+predicative adjective okay now the adjective
+
+455
+00:37:00,780 --> 00:37:05,020
+either attributive or predicative change the
+
+456
+00:37:05,020 --> 00:37:08,940
+meaning once the adjective once the adjective
+
+457
+00:37:08,940 --> 00:37:13,620
+comes after the noun it's predicative it changes
+
+458
+00:37:13,620 --> 00:37:17,280
+the meaning if it stands before okay so you have
+
+459
+00:37:17,280 --> 00:37:20,220
+what is called predicative adjectives and
+
+460
+00:37:20,220 --> 00:37:23,600
+attributive adjectives you have the same the same
+
+461
+00:37:23,600 --> 00:37:27,300
+adjective can take both Both characteristics,
+
+462
+00:37:27,480 --> 00:37:31,780
+either predicative or attributive. But here, the
+
+463
+00:37:31,780 --> 00:37:36,380
+sentence completely changes. Okay? We have, the
+
+464
+00:37:36,380 --> 00:37:40,880
+treasurer was prisoned. The prison treasurer. I
+
+465
+00:37:40,880 --> 00:37:44,280
+need you to translate these sentences. Robin
+
+466
+00:37:44,280 --> 00:37:49,860
+Harris was late. The late Robin Harris. My friend
+
+467
+00:37:49,860 --> 00:37:56,000
+is poor. My poor friend. So what I need from you
+
+468
+00:37:56,000 --> 00:38:00,160
+is just to translate these sentences and to come
+
+469
+00:38:00,160 --> 00:38:05,780
+next time preparing the adjectives and their
+
+470
+00:38:05,780 --> 00:38:10,540
+punctuations. If you have two adjectives preceding
+
+471
+00:38:10,540 --> 00:38:15,890
+the noun, how could you order them? I need you to
+
+472
+00:38:15,890 --> 00:38:20,470
+prepare or to come to me next time understanding
+
+473
+00:38:20,470 --> 00:38:24,350
+or preparing the order of adjectives. We have
+
+474
+00:38:24,350 --> 00:38:29,170
+adjectives of descriptive adjectives. We have
+
+475
+00:38:29,170 --> 00:38:33,810
+size. We have color adjectives. We have
+
+476
+00:38:33,810 --> 00:38:38,230
+temperature adjectives. We have humidity
+
+477
+00:38:38,230 --> 00:38:42,710
+adjectives, age adjectives, shape adjectives. How
+
+478
+00:38:42,710 --> 00:38:47,100
+could you order them in the sentence we need you
+
+479
+00:38:47,100 --> 00:38:51,760
+to come next time with a timetable or an order of
+
+480
+00:38:51,760 --> 00:38:54,180
+these sentences systematic order of the sentence
+
+481
+00:38:54,180 --> 00:38:59,820
+and how to punctuate these adjectives okay next
+
+482
+00:38:59,820 --> 00:39:02,100
+time we are going to speak about the rest of the
+
+483
+00:39:02,100 --> 00:39:05,300
+adjectives and we are going to shift to Arabic
+
+484
+00:39:05,300 --> 00:39:08,440
+adjectives okay that's it for today thank you
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/6UTJs0i7Qvc_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1200 @@
+1
+00:00:13,840 --> 00:00:17,640
+Bismillahirrahmanirrahim Today, inshallah, we are
+
+2
+00:00:17,640 --> 00:00:20,020
+going to continue with definiteness and
+
+3
+00:00:20,020 --> 00:00:23,400
+indefiniteness in English and Arabic. Last time,
+
+4
+00:00:23,420 --> 00:00:25,980
+we spoke about definiteness and indefiniteness in
+
+5
+00:00:25,980 --> 00:00:31,300
+English, and we just touched Arabic a little bit.
+
+6
+00:00:31,400 --> 00:00:34,420
+Today, we are going to go deeply on Arabic
+
+7
+00:00:34,420 --> 00:00:37,640
+definiteness and indefiniteness. And we are going
+
+8
+00:00:37,640 --> 00:00:40,480
+to start with the use of indefinite article in
+
+9
+00:00:40,480 --> 00:00:41,440
+standard Arabic.
+
+10
+00:00:46,510 --> 00:00:49,070
+The indefinite article or the definite article
+
+11
+00:00:49,070 --> 00:00:52,430
+precedes the nouns in Arabic completely like
+
+12
+00:00:52,430 --> 00:00:54,030
+English, okay?
+
+13
+00:00:58,070 --> 00:01:04,610
+The indefinite article, first of all, is zero in
+
+14
+00:01:04,610 --> 00:01:08,590
+Arabic according to some grammarians. Still some
+
+15
+00:01:08,590 --> 00:01:13,510
+others believe that the nonation is indefinite
+
+16
+00:01:13,510 --> 00:01:19,980
+article. رأيت ولدًا يمشي في الشارع I saw a boy
+
+17
+00:01:19,980 --> 00:01:28,660
+walking at the street okay a boy ولدًا so the
+
+18
+00:01:28,660 --> 00:01:34,560
+notation n is considered as indefinite article in
+
+19
+00:01:34,560 --> 00:01:37,540
+Arabic according to some grammarians still some
+
+20
+00:01:37,540 --> 00:01:40,720
+others believe that the indefiniteness in Arabic
+
+21
+00:01:40,720 --> 00:01:44,540
+is zero anyway
+
+22
+00:01:47,390 --> 00:01:49,830
+To introduce indefinite nouns which refer to
+
+23
+00:01:49,830 --> 00:01:52,770
+objects mentioned for the first time in this
+
+24
+00:01:52,770 --> 00:01:56,910
+course The object in the sentence which are
+
+25
+00:01:56,910 --> 00:01:59,010
+mentioned which is mentioned for the first time in
+
+26
+00:01:59,010 --> 00:02:02,330
+the sentence Must be preceded by the indefinite
+
+27
+00:02:02,330 --> 00:02:10,730
+article كان هناك ملك يدعى شهريار Okay
+
+28
+00:02:17,590 --> 00:02:22,630
+Malikun. It is indefinite because it is mentioned
+
+29
+00:02:22,630 --> 00:02:27,290
+for the first time. Once upon a time there was a
+
+30
+00:02:27,290 --> 00:02:31,570
+king called Shahrayar. A king. It is the same like
+
+31
+00:02:31,570 --> 00:02:32,050
+English.
+
+32
+00:02:41,810 --> 00:02:46,290
+Now the indefinite noun Standing as a predicate in
+
+33
+00:02:46,290 --> 00:02:49,930
+the sentence must be preceded by also by
+
+34
+00:02:49,930 --> 00:02:59,010
+indefinite article البيت كبير كبير is a noun okay
+
+35
+00:02:59,010 --> 00:03:04,410
+it's a predicate and
+
+36
+00:03:04,410 --> 00:03:06,870
+is preceded by the indefinite article
+
+37
+00:03:10,130 --> 00:03:14,030
+The nouns here are mainly verbal nouns used as
+
+38
+00:03:14,030 --> 00:03:21,870
+adjectives It
+
+39
+00:03:21,870 --> 00:03:26,550
+is
+
+40
+00:03:26,550 --> 00:03:33,470
+predicate عالم comes from يعلم this is verb okay
+
+41
+00:03:35,420 --> 00:03:39,180
+and works here as a predicate it is preceded by
+
+42
+00:03:39,180 --> 00:03:42,820
+the indefinite article it's preceded by the
+
+43
+00:03:42,820 --> 00:03:47,660
+indefinite article a which is zero or you can
+
+44
+00:03:47,660 --> 00:03:56,340
+consider it the donation on names of
+
+45
+00:03:56,340 --> 00:04:01,250
+professions as we mentioned previously okay I say,
+
+46
+00:04:01,390 --> 00:04:04,250
+for example, once I translate the sentence, the
+
+47
+00:04:04,250 --> 00:04:07,510
+previous sentence, البيت كبير. How could I
+
+48
+00:04:07,510 --> 00:04:11,790
+translate it into English? The house is big. Okay.
+
+49
+00:04:11,870 --> 00:04:18,010
+It's different from English. البيت كبير. Okay. Big
+
+50
+00:04:18,010 --> 00:04:22,330
+is an adjective in English. كبير is a predicate in
+
+51
+00:04:22,330 --> 00:04:26,230
+Arabic preceded by the indefinite article or it
+
+52
+00:04:26,230 --> 00:04:32,940
+has the indefinite article. Zayd is a scientist
+
+53
+00:04:32,940 --> 00:04:36,700
+because this is a profession. I told you that
+
+54
+00:04:36,700 --> 00:04:40,060
+professions and handicrafts are preceded by the
+
+55
+00:04:40,060 --> 00:04:43,260
+indefinite article in English. It is the same in
+
+56
+00:04:43,260 --> 00:04:43,780
+Arabic.
+
+57
+00:04:50,940 --> 00:04:52,920
+We mentioned that in English, we have the
+
+58
+00:04:52,920 --> 00:04:56,360
+professions, the handicrafts and religions are
+
+59
+00:04:56,360 --> 00:05:00,260
+preceded by A or N. In Arabic, we have the same
+
+60
+00:05:00,260 --> 00:05:04,480
+thing. We have zero indefinite article or the
+
+61
+00:05:04,480 --> 00:05:11,640
+nonation on. Zaydun najjarun. Hindun tabibatun.
+
+62
+00:05:13,680 --> 00:05:20,070
+Hind is a lady doctor. Zayd is a junior. A joiner,
+
+63
+00:05:20,170 --> 00:05:22,030
+sorry. Zaid is a joiner.
+
+64
+00:05:28,350 --> 00:05:33,230
+Now, you have the nouns preceded directly by a
+
+65
+00:05:33,230 --> 00:05:38,990
+particle A, the question particle A or A, okay?
+
+66
+00:05:40,230 --> 00:05:44,130
+And the negative particle Ma. The noun following
+
+67
+00:05:44,130 --> 00:05:52,690
+them is always Indefinite أي كتاب قرأت؟ What book
+
+68
+00:05:52,690 --> 00:05:57,430
+did you study? What book did you study? We can't
+
+69
+00:05:57,430 --> 00:06:01,910
+say What a book did you study? What book did you
+
+70
+00:06:01,910 --> 00:06:06,490
+study? This is English however in Arabic أي or أ
+
+71
+00:06:06,490 --> 00:06:09,670
+أقرأت؟
+
+72
+00:06:09,670 --> 00:06:13,250
+Okay Or
+
+73
+00:06:13,250 --> 00:06:17,940
+ما these question particles are followed by nouns
+
+74
+00:06:17,940 --> 00:06:20,980
+if followed by nouns they must these nouns must be
+
+75
+00:06:20,980 --> 00:06:29,620
+indefinite أي كتاب قرأت؟ now
+
+76
+00:06:29,620 --> 00:06:34,420
+once you have nouns expressing wishes they must be
+
+77
+00:06:34,420 --> 00:06:35,100
+indefinite
+
+78
+00:06:45,420 --> 00:06:50,280
+Iqamatun jameelatun Okay, I say in English have a
+
+79
+00:06:50,280 --> 00:06:55,180
+nice day Have a nice day. We mentioned that we
+
+80
+00:06:55,180 --> 00:07:00,300
+have the indefiniteness A or N preceding Wishing
+
+81
+00:07:00,300 --> 00:07:03,700
+or greeting have a nice day. Have a good day. Have
+
+82
+00:07:03,700 --> 00:07:09,080
+a good quiz Okay It is the same in Arabic Iqamatun
+
+83
+00:07:09,080 --> 00:07:09,880
+jameelatun
+
+84
+00:07:15,260 --> 00:07:19,340
+We have also adverbs of circumstances الحال in
+
+85
+00:07:19,340 --> 00:07:24,600
+Arabic and cognate objects المفعول لأجله which are
+
+86
+00:07:24,600 --> 00:07:28,520
+always assigned accusative case along with noun
+
+87
+00:07:28,520 --> 00:07:34,560
+specification تميز الحال
+
+88
+00:07:34,560 --> 00:07:41,280
+and المفعول لأجله in Arabic have indefiniteness
+
+89
+00:07:41,280 --> 00:07:53,890
+جاء الرجل مبتسمًا مبتسما The man came smiling ضرب
+
+90
+00:07:53,890 --> 00:08:02,450
+المعلم الولد ضرب مبرح ضرب
+
+91
+00:08:02,450 --> 00:08:08,070
+مبرح ضرب المعلم الولد ضرب
+
+92
+00:08:21,590 --> 00:08:22,590
+Okay.
+
+93
+00:08:25,370 --> 00:08:30,850
+The teacher hit the boy severely. So you have
+
+94
+00:08:30,850 --> 00:08:34,450
+three
+
+95
+00:08:34,450 --> 00:08:38,750
+elements, adverbs of circumstances, الحال, cognate
+
+96
+00:08:38,750 --> 00:08:42,750
+object, مفعول لأجله and
+
+97
+00:08:44,090 --> 00:08:48,630
+Tamiz, nouns of specification, are always preceded
+
+98
+00:08:48,630 --> 00:08:51,670
+by the indefinite article which is either zero or
+
+99
+00:08:51,670 --> 00:08:52,210
+nonational.
+
+100
+00:08:57,830 --> 00:09:02,590
+We have the indefinite article in Arabic is used
+
+101
+00:09:02,590 --> 00:09:07,050
+directly after ربّة
+
+102
+00:09:14,060 --> 00:09:17,680
+These here are assigned genitive case because you
+
+103
+00:09:17,680 --> 00:09:22,440
+know we have three cases in Arabic Nominative
+
+104
+00:09:22,440 --> 00:09:26,480
+accusative and genitive and the nomination can be
+
+105
+00:09:26,480 --> 00:09:31,060
+nominative can be accusative can be genitive ولد
+
+106
+00:09:31,060 --> 00:09:44,030
+ولد ولد okay رب ضارة نافع رب ضارة نافع ربّة the
+
+107
+00:09:44,030 --> 00:09:49,450
+noun following it is indefinite here ضارة okay
+
+108
+00:09:49,450 --> 00:09:56,350
+perhaps a disaster is useful also the
+
+109
+00:09:56,350 --> 00:10:00,590
+indefiniteness is used with some idiomatic terms
+
+110
+00:10:00,590 --> 00:10:05,590
+in Arabic now
+
+111
+00:10:05,590 --> 00:10:09,690
+we have the definite article in standard Arabic it
+
+112
+00:10:09,690 --> 00:10:13,010
+refers to part Whole relationship.
+
+113
+00:10:19,530 --> 00:10:23,810
+Part-whole relationship. When a part of entity
+
+114
+00:10:23,810 --> 00:10:26,710
+becomes definite in the speaker's mind due to the
+
+115
+00:10:26,710 --> 00:10:31,950
+effect of situational setting. Okay, an example
+
+116
+00:10:31,950 --> 00:10:36,370
+for convenience is represented below. Look, افتح
+
+117
+00:10:36,370 --> 00:10:42,190
+الراديو من فضلك. Radio here is part, whole
+
+118
+00:10:42,190 --> 00:10:46,870
+relationship. It represents an entity. It is seen,
+
+119
+00:10:46,970 --> 00:10:50,230
+it is known by the speaker and the listener. So it
+
+120
+00:10:50,230 --> 00:10:54,550
+is preceded by the indefinite article. Okay? Open
+
+121
+00:10:54,550 --> 00:10:57,410
+the radio please. It is the same like English. We
+
+122
+00:10:57,410 --> 00:11:00,170
+don't say open radio please. Open the radio
+
+123
+00:11:00,170 --> 00:11:04,570
+because you see it is visible. Okay? افتح الراديو
+
+124
+00:11:04,570 --> 00:11:05,250
+من فضلك.
+
+125
+00:11:11,270 --> 00:11:14,990
+Any noun previously mentioned in the paragraph or
+
+126
+00:11:14,990 --> 00:11:17,250
+in this course must be preceded by the definite
+
+127
+00:11:17,250 --> 00:11:30,710
+article Okay,
+
+128
+00:11:32,290 --> 00:11:35,090
+first of all, it is indefinite now once I repeat
+
+129
+00:11:35,090 --> 00:11:41,530
+it becomes الفلم كان الفيلم شيقا جدا I watched a
+
+130
+00:11:41,530 --> 00:11:47,570
+film in the TV. The film was very interesting It's
+
+131
+00:11:47,570 --> 00:11:56,470
+like English a film then the film The
+
+132
+00:11:56,470 --> 00:12:01,250
+noun preceding the relative pronoun or adjectival
+
+133
+00:12:01,250 --> 00:12:07,710
+clauses are always definite in Arabic عاد
+
+134
+00:12:07,710 --> 00:12:16,690
+الرجل الذي سافر إلى لندن I can't say عاد الرجل عاد
+
+135
+00:12:16,690 --> 00:12:22,190
+الرجل الذي الذي is complementizer is relative
+
+136
+00:12:22,190 --> 00:12:26,530
+clause it is like English the man who traveled to
+
+137
+00:12:26,530 --> 00:12:36,850
+London came back the
+
+138
+00:12:36,850 --> 00:12:43,100
+physical stimulus cases have the definite article
+
+139
+00:12:43,100 --> 00:12:50,400
+هذا
+
+140
+00:12:50,400 --> 00:12:54,840
+الرجل جاء لزيارة يعني if you have the
+
+141
+00:12:54,840 --> 00:13:01,020
+demonstrative pronoun هذا الرجل جاء لزيارة this is
+
+142
+00:13:01,020 --> 00:13:06,320
+physical stimulus يعني you see a رجل it is seen I
+
+143
+00:13:06,320 --> 00:13:10,410
+mean the object is seen here هذا الرجل any seen
+
+144
+00:13:10,410 --> 00:13:14,510
+object must have the definite article هذا الرجل
+
+145
+00:13:14,510 --> 00:13:18,570
+جاء لزيارتي. The man came to visit us. This man
+
+146
+00:13:18,570 --> 00:13:20,970
+came to visit us and we have a difference here
+
+147
+00:13:20,970 --> 00:13:26,290
+between Arabic and English هذا الرجل what do you
+
+148
+00:13:26,290 --> 00:13:30,230
+call about what do you call هذا this that these
+
+149
+00:13:30,230 --> 00:13:33,990
+those what do you call this demonstrative pronoun
+
+150
+00:13:33,990 --> 00:13:38,290
+okay it is followed by the definite article how
+
+151
+00:13:38,290 --> 00:13:41,010
+could you translate it into Arabic into English
+
+152
+00:13:41,010 --> 00:13:46,200
+this the man or this man so this means that in
+
+153
+00:13:46,200 --> 00:13:51,060
+English we have a determiner phrase this man this
+
+154
+00:13:51,060 --> 00:13:54,960
+is a determiner demonstrative pronoun however in
+
+155
+00:13:54,960 --> 00:13:59,800
+Arabic we have هذا الرجل هذا is determiner
+
+156
+00:13:59,800 --> 00:14:05,660
+demonstrative pronoun الرجل is another phrase okay
+
+157
+00:14:05,660 --> 00:14:10,740
+we call it article phrase So in Arabic, we have
+
+158
+00:14:10,740 --> 00:14:14,120
+the DB or the terminal phrase followed by an
+
+159
+00:14:14,120 --> 00:14:17,680
+article phrase. Okay, once you have the sentence
+
+160
+00:14:17,680 --> 00:14:21,880
+beginning with a demonstrative pronoun. However,
+
+161
+00:14:21,900 --> 00:14:25,260
+in English, once you translate, you only have the
+
+162
+00:14:25,260 --> 00:14:29,260
+terminal phrase, this man, I can't say this, the
+
+163
+00:14:29,260 --> 00:14:32,320
+man, this man. Okay.
+
+164
+00:14:35,470 --> 00:14:38,770
+So we have here an article, a phrase that is not
+
+165
+00:14:38,770 --> 00:14:42,290
+available in English. It is called article phrase.
+
+166
+00:14:42,850 --> 00:14:44,950
+However, in English, we have what is called
+
+167
+00:14:44,950 --> 00:14:48,690
+determinal phrases, which include the definite and
+
+168
+00:14:48,690 --> 00:14:52,670
+indefinite articles a and the. Okay.
+
+169
+00:15:00,050 --> 00:15:04,090
+So this
+
+170
+00:15:04,090 --> 00:15:04,390
+is
+
+171
+00:15:07,220 --> 00:15:10,520
+the indefinite and definite articles in Arabic.
+
+172
+00:15:10,940 --> 00:15:15,780
+They are the same or nearly similar to English
+
+173
+00:15:15,780 --> 00:15:20,000
+except the zero article which is translated, which
+
+174
+00:15:20,000 --> 00:15:24,200
+is, so any sentence is zero in English must be,
+
+175
+00:15:24,360 --> 00:15:27,040
+any zero article in English is translated to
+
+176
+00:15:27,040 --> 00:15:35,660
+mostly the التعريف in Arabic, okay? We speak about
+
+177
+00:15:35,660 --> 00:15:40,520
+diseases. They are zero. Days. Months. Sports.
+
+178
+00:15:41,000 --> 00:15:45,360
+They are zero in English. Meals. The three times
+
+179
+00:15:45,360 --> 00:15:51,140
+of the day. Morning. Noon. Sunset. Night. I say at
+
+180
+00:15:51,140 --> 00:15:57,040
+night. So these are translated into Alit Ta'rif in
+
+181
+00:15:57,040 --> 00:16:02,160
+Arabic. Now how could you teach articles to your
+
+182
+00:16:02,160 --> 00:16:06,220
+students? They are tricky. And you can see that
+
+183
+00:16:06,220 --> 00:16:09,040
+they are very tricky for the Arab learners because
+
+184
+00:16:09,040 --> 00:16:12,040
+we have differences that may cause negative
+
+185
+00:16:12,040 --> 00:16:15,820
+interference resulting into interlingual errors or
+
+186
+00:16:15,820 --> 00:16:16,840
+interlingual errors.
+
+187
+00:16:22,280 --> 00:16:23,460
+Interlingual errors.
+
+188
+00:16:28,160 --> 00:16:32,500
+Now we
+
+189
+00:16:32,500 --> 00:16:35,490
+come to teaching articles. Okay.
+
+190
+00:16:39,150 --> 00:16:46,050
+Teaching must be contextual. Okay. Because giving
+
+191
+00:16:46,050 --> 00:16:52,570
+your students such a subject with its very overt
+
+192
+00:16:52,570 --> 00:16:55,390
+name, very clear name, definiteness and
+
+193
+00:16:55,390 --> 00:16:58,230
+indefiniteness is very difficult for the junior
+
+194
+00:16:58,230 --> 00:17:03,470
+classes or intermediate or even advanced. Okay. if
+
+195
+00:17:03,470 --> 00:17:06,390
+you teach them in a formal way becomes very
+
+196
+00:17:06,390 --> 00:17:08,790
+complicated however you have to teach them
+
+197
+00:17:08,790 --> 00:17:12,370
+contextually okay connecting between the context
+
+198
+00:17:12,370 --> 00:17:17,230
+and the discourse so teaching pay attention please
+
+199
+00:17:17,230 --> 00:17:22,490
+teaching must be inductive or deductive must be
+
+200
+00:17:22,490 --> 00:17:26,010
+inductive so you have to teach inductively instead
+
+201
+00:17:26,010 --> 00:17:32,300
+of deductively making use of the situation and the
+
+202
+00:17:32,300 --> 00:17:39,880
+cultural use of articles. One of the most
+
+203
+00:17:39,880 --> 00:17:42,680
+important contextual activities for teaching
+
+204
+00:17:42,680 --> 00:17:46,500
+articles is called defining pairs and brothers
+
+205
+00:17:46,500 --> 00:17:50,800
+activity. Here students are required to write
+
+206
+00:17:50,800 --> 00:17:55,020
+sentences describing the common characteristics of
+
+207
+00:17:55,020 --> 00:18:02,490
+say pairs or brothers. Okay? So you can ask your
+
+208
+00:18:02,490 --> 00:18:07,790
+colleague to come here to the floor and the other
+
+209
+00:18:07,790 --> 00:18:12,450
+students can describe here or describe a bird. And
+
+210
+00:18:12,450 --> 00:18:16,210
+once they do that, they must use either the
+
+211
+00:18:16,210 --> 00:18:21,090
+definite or the indefinite article, A or M. Okay?
+
+212
+00:18:23,570 --> 00:18:28,230
+You remember the example, John hit Mary in the
+
+213
+00:18:28,230 --> 00:18:29,700
+eye. Okay?
+
+214
+00:18:32,740 --> 00:18:36,200
+Each sentence must start with the brother or the
+
+215
+00:18:36,200 --> 00:18:39,580
+sister or say the bear, the bears, for example,
+
+216
+00:18:39,880 --> 00:18:40,120
+etc.
+
+217
+00:18:43,600 --> 00:18:47,900
+We have another activity for teaching the semantic
+
+218
+00:18:47,900 --> 00:18:52,400
+use of definiteness or definite article and
+
+219
+00:18:52,400 --> 00:18:55,440
+indefinite article. This is called frame switching
+
+220
+00:18:55,440 --> 00:19:00,550
+activity. The teacher can introduce pairs of
+
+221
+00:19:00,550 --> 00:19:05,350
+sentences reflecting the generic and specific
+
+222
+00:19:05,350 --> 00:19:10,110
+reference of articles. I bought a book in
+
+223
+00:19:10,110 --> 00:19:14,270
+linguistics. A book. Is this specific or generic?
+
+224
+00:19:16,550 --> 00:19:20,750
+Specific. I'd like to read a book in linguistics.
+
+225
+00:19:22,090 --> 00:19:29,430
+Generic. Okay. We have Language Log Activity Test.
+
+226
+00:19:31,370 --> 00:19:36,110
+The Language Log Activity Test. Here, you have to
+
+227
+00:19:36,110 --> 00:19:42,330
+give homework, and you are not to give everything
+
+228
+00:19:42,330 --> 00:19:46,170
+to your students in the class. You have to let
+
+229
+00:19:46,170 --> 00:19:51,570
+them deduce the rules of articles, either A or M
+
+230
+00:19:51,570 --> 00:20:00,480
+or whatever. Okay? Here, you can introduce the
+
+231
+00:20:00,480 --> 00:20:05,940
+language log this language log exercise is given
+
+232
+00:20:05,940 --> 00:20:10,100
+as assignment to your students it is to be given
+
+233
+00:20:10,100 --> 00:20:16,840
+at home as homework you introduce wrong sentences
+
+234
+00:20:19,440 --> 00:20:22,460
+either the wrong sentences which the students
+
+235
+00:20:22,460 --> 00:20:26,800
+commit during the class, or you can just write
+
+236
+00:20:26,800 --> 00:20:31,560
+sentences with wrong articles, for example. Okay?
+
+237
+00:20:32,100 --> 00:20:37,200
+Then you ask your students to discover the error.
+
+238
+00:20:37,960 --> 00:20:44,800
+Okay? Say, the research, for example. Research is
+
+239
+00:20:44,800 --> 00:20:49,680
+without the. Okay, so they underline that this is
+
+240
+00:20:49,680 --> 00:20:55,400
+the error then the rule Okay, why does research?
+
+241
+00:20:56,620 --> 00:21:03,180
+Cannot cannot take article Okay, so because it is
+
+242
+00:21:03,180 --> 00:21:10,250
+uncountable now Okay Here we have it with zero
+
+243
+00:21:10,250 --> 00:21:14,290
+article. Now you have another space for
+
+244
+00:21:14,290 --> 00:21:18,810
+correction. You say research. Okay. Then you write
+
+245
+00:21:18,810 --> 00:21:22,570
+the sentence, the correct sentence, the correct
+
+246
+00:21:22,570 --> 00:21:32,050
+sentence. I have a son and the daughter. Okay. I
+
+247
+00:21:32,050 --> 00:21:36,690
+have to say, so the mistake is in the. You give
+
+248
+00:21:36,690 --> 00:21:39,690
+the rule. The noun mentioned for the first time is
+
+249
+00:21:39,690 --> 00:21:45,050
+always indefinite. Okay? Once repeated, it is
+
+250
+00:21:45,050 --> 00:21:49,930
+preceded by the. Okay? So I have a son and a
+
+251
+00:21:49,930 --> 00:21:54,410
+daughter. This is done at home. So your students
+
+252
+00:21:54,410 --> 00:21:58,730
+can rely on their parents at home, can rely on
+
+253
+00:21:58,730 --> 00:22:05,170
+anyone. Okay? The family to help them or even
+
+254
+00:22:05,170 --> 00:22:10,110
+their friends. So they can pay sufficient efforts
+
+255
+00:22:10,110 --> 00:22:13,290
+at home for understanding the rules because you
+
+256
+00:22:13,290 --> 00:22:17,790
+are not allowed to give rules in the class. Okay?
+
+257
+00:22:18,090 --> 00:22:21,470
+Because you teach communicatively and the focus is
+
+258
+00:22:21,470 --> 00:22:27,130
+on address rather than giving rules. Okay? So you
+
+259
+00:22:27,130 --> 00:22:30,170
+ask your student to deduce rules at home.
+
+260
+00:22:37,960 --> 00:22:39,680
+Okay. Fine.
+
+261
+00:22:43,480 --> 00:22:48,240
+So we have the
+
+262
+00:22:48,240 --> 00:22:52,440
+articles. Now I'd like to introduce some sentences
+
+263
+00:22:52,440 --> 00:22:56,320
+for you to answer to check your understanding.
+
+264
+00:23:00,120 --> 00:23:05,600
+Can you pass sugar, please? The sugar. Why?
+
+265
+00:23:05,740 --> 00:23:12,100
+Because this is visible. Okay? He's sailing up
+
+266
+00:23:12,100 --> 00:23:19,260
+Nile for holidays. Nile. He's sailing up Nile for
+
+267
+00:23:19,260 --> 00:23:24,570
+holidays. The Nile. Why? Because we told you that
+
+268
+00:23:24,570 --> 00:23:28,890
+seas, oceans, and rivers are preceded by the
+
+269
+00:23:28,890 --> 00:23:34,130
+definite article, the. My favorite sea is
+
+270
+00:23:34,130 --> 00:23:37,770
+Mediterranean Sea. The Mediterranean Sea.
+
+271
+00:23:40,910 --> 00:23:46,630
+I'd love to visit Jerusalem. Jerusalem. Country,
+
+272
+00:23:46,790 --> 00:23:52,400
+country. So proper nouns, proper nouns,
+
+273
+00:23:52,500 --> 00:23:56,340
+geographical names are always zero except, except
+
+274
+00:23:56,340 --> 00:24:00,280
+we say the Sudan or any compound noun.
+
+275
+00:24:04,440 --> 00:24:13,140
+He is man who lives next door. He is the man who
+
+276
+00:24:13,140 --> 00:24:23,510
+lives next door. okay because he is known yes we
+
+277
+00:24:23,510 --> 00:24:27,530
+have the relative clause who then we have a man
+
+278
+00:24:27,530 --> 00:24:31,390
+preceding it so we have either the it can be a or
+
+279
+00:24:31,390 --> 00:24:37,710
+n but mostly the okay i have been looking for work
+
+280
+00:24:37,710 --> 00:24:46,520
+for a long time i have been looking for work Or a
+
+281
+00:24:46,520 --> 00:24:51,800
+work or the work. A work. Or work or the work.
+
+282
+00:24:52,400 --> 00:24:53,980
+Work. It is zero.
+
+283
+00:24:57,080 --> 00:25:06,840
+I say work.
+
+284
+00:25:07,040 --> 00:25:12,580
+This is uncountable. This is abstract now. Okay?
+
+285
+00:25:13,840 --> 00:25:20,000
+It is generic. I am looking for any work. Okay. I
+
+286
+00:25:20,000 --> 00:25:23,300
+say London Zoo. Do they say the London Zoo or
+
+287
+00:25:23,300 --> 00:25:28,060
+London Zoo? London Zoo. It is zero. Lake Victoria.
+
+288
+00:25:28,780 --> 00:25:36,680
+The lake Victoria. Lake is very large. The lake is
+
+289
+00:25:36,680 --> 00:25:42,380
+very large. I say London Zoo. It is zero. British
+
+290
+00:25:42,380 --> 00:25:48,210
+Museum. The British Museum. The British Museum,
+
+291
+00:25:48,350 --> 00:25:48,590
+why?
+
+292
+00:25:51,450 --> 00:25:57,950
+Because it is very famous and known for both the
+
+293
+00:25:57,950 --> 00:26:00,610
+speaker and the listener. Like once I say, for
+
+294
+00:26:00,610 --> 00:26:04,570
+example, the Parliament. The White House. The
+
+295
+00:26:04,570 --> 00:26:07,210
+White House. The Prime Minister. The Prime
+
+296
+00:26:07,210 --> 00:26:15,350
+Minister. Okay. Professor is absent today. The
+
+297
+00:26:15,350 --> 00:26:17,950
+professor is absent today because it is known for
+
+298
+00:26:17,950 --> 00:26:20,710
+both the speaker and the listener.
+
+299
+00:26:23,890 --> 00:26:24,650
+Okay.
+
+300
+00:26:32,790 --> 00:26:37,210
+I need you to answer the following quiz.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/Nq-CK4O_-MU_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,268 @@
+1
+00:00:13,440 --> 00:00:15,740
+Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Today inshallah I'm
+
+2
+00:00:15,740 --> 00:00:19,400
+going to continue with causative verbs Last time
+
+3
+00:00:19,400 --> 00:00:22,480
+we spoke about the meaning of causatives, the
+
+4
+00:00:22,480 --> 00:00:26,580
+definition of causatives, types of causatives in
+
+5
+00:00:26,580 --> 00:00:30,560
+English, and we've seen that in English we have
+
+6
+00:00:30,560 --> 00:00:36,260
+active causatives and passive causatives. In case
+
+7
+00:00:36,260 --> 00:00:40,920
+of active, the subject and the agent are available
+
+8
+00:00:40,920 --> 00:00:46,080
+in the sentence. In case of passive, the agent is
+
+9
+00:00:46,080 --> 00:00:50,920
+absent and it is replaced by the object okay we
+
+10
+00:00:50,920 --> 00:00:54,400
+have causative verbs which accept only bare
+
+11
+00:00:54,400 --> 00:00:57,600
+infinitive however we have causative verbs which
+
+12
+00:00:57,600 --> 00:01:03,400
+accept to infinitive okay the verbs which accept
+
+13
+00:01:03,400 --> 00:01:12,390
+bare infinitive are yes have let and make and the
+
+14
+00:01:12,390 --> 00:01:15,210
+verb which accept I mean the causative verb which
+
+15
+00:01:15,210 --> 00:01:20,190
+accept both get okay still the rest of causatives
+
+16
+00:01:20,190 --> 00:01:27,530
+accept to infinitive okay يعني infinitive with to
+
+17
+00:01:27,530 --> 00:01:33,770
+okay now
+
+18
+00:01:33,770 --> 00:01:40,180
+this construction I mean the causative verbs is
+
+19
+00:01:40,180 --> 00:01:46,000
+either with bare infinitive or with two infinitive
+
+20
+00:01:46,000 --> 00:01:52,200
+it appears in active appears in passive it means
+
+21
+00:01:52,200 --> 00:02:00,700
+that the causer does something to the cozy okay it
+
+22
+00:02:00,700 --> 00:02:04,520
+means the subject Or the agent is responsible for
+
+23
+00:02:04,520 --> 00:02:11,180
+causing an action done on the object itself. If
+
+24
+00:02:11,180 --> 00:02:15,560
+you look to Arabic, do you have the same
+
+25
+00:02:15,560 --> 00:02:19,240
+constructions? Do we have causative verbs in
+
+26
+00:02:19,240 --> 00:02:23,600
+Arabic? Don't we have causative verbs? We have
+
+27
+00:02:23,600 --> 00:02:26,280
+causative verbs. We have causative verbs in
+
+28
+00:02:26,280 --> 00:02:30,100
+Arabic, but these causative verbs syntactically
+
+29
+00:02:30,100 --> 00:02:32,820
+differ from English and the function of the
+
+30
+00:02:32,820 --> 00:02:36,060
+causative verb in Arabic differs from English.
+
+31
+00:02:36,180 --> 00:02:41,700
+We've seen or we dealt with the infinitive and
+
+32
+00:02:41,700 --> 00:02:47,840
+bare infinitive in English. However, in Arabic, we
+
+33
+00:02:47,840 --> 00:02:52,880
+don't have this equivalence. We have the verb
+
+34
+00:02:52,880 --> 00:02:59,120
+itself has some sort of inflections added to it,
+
+35
+00:02:59,320 --> 00:03:02,440
+so it becomes accusative verb. The first
+
+36
+00:03:02,440 --> 00:03:09,080
+inflection is allowed. Yes, this is by changing
+
+37
+00:03:09,080 --> 00:03:13,700
+the inflection itself, the nominative, the
+
+38
+00:03:13,700 --> 00:03:23,000
+genitive and the accusative case. هزق هزق Okay. So
+
+39
+00:03:23,000 --> 00:03:27,860
+we change the genitive case into accusative case,
+
+40
+00:03:28,200 --> 00:03:32,400
+having the causative there. We still have what is
+
+41
+00:03:32,400 --> 00:03:39,660
+called gemination. Okay. Hadama, haddama. Alima,
+
+42
+00:03:40,700 --> 00:03:47,710
+allama. Okay. You add another Sound having what
+
+43
+00:03:47,710 --> 00:03:50,490
+was called the consonant doubling. This is called
+
+44
+00:03:50,490 --> 00:03:55,710
+gymnasium. Okay shut down Okay, now still we have
+
+45
+00:03:55,710 --> 00:04:01,070
+Another way the third way. This is Hamza Okay, you
+
+46
+00:04:01,070 --> 00:04:05,950
+have the Hamza the glottal sound a Okay when I say
+
+47
+00:04:05,950 --> 00:04:14,710
+for example Farrah Farraha Afraha Okay Alima Alama
+
+48
+00:04:17,900 --> 00:04:28,940
+but not all verbs have these three ways okay don't
+
+49
+00:04:28,940 --> 00:04:33,380
+have all these verbs except the three ways all
+
+50
+00:04:33,380 --> 00:04:38,260
+together for making the verb causative okay we
+
+51
+00:04:38,260 --> 00:04:41,460
+have some verbs except all-determination some
+
+52
+00:04:41,460 --> 00:04:47,170
+other verbs except about another category of verbs
+
+53
+00:04:47,170 --> 00:04:51,610
+except the glottal sound or the glottal sound a or
+
+54
+00:04:51,610 --> 00:04:56,770
+hamza at the beginning of the verb okay but
+
+55
+00:04:56,770 --> 00:04:59,850
+functionally
+
+56
+00:04:59,850 --> 00:05:06,370
+or say syntactically the two verbs i mean english
+
+57
+00:05:06,370 --> 00:05:09,730
+and arabic causatives differ completely from each
+
+58
+00:05:09,730 --> 00:05:15,250
+other okay so This does not cause what is called
+
+59
+00:05:15,250 --> 00:05:18,370
+negative interference once learning causatives.
+
+60
+00:05:19,070 --> 00:05:24,190
+All causative errors or mistakes done by the Arab
+
+61
+00:05:24,190 --> 00:05:30,230
+learners of English result from the difficulty of
+
+62
+00:05:30,230 --> 00:05:33,570
+English that result to what is called intralingual
+
+63
+00:05:33,570 --> 00:05:38,830
+errors. Intralingual errors, okay? That's it for
+
+64
+00:05:38,830 --> 00:05:42,790
+causatives and now we need to discuss the point
+
+65
+00:05:42,790 --> 00:05:46,990
+generally and also need to speak about the best
+
+66
+00:05:46,990 --> 00:05:51,330
+activities or games for teaching causatives to our
+
+67
+00:05:51,330 --> 00:05:52,730
+students. That's it.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/Nq-CK4O_-MU_raw.json

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"word": " infinitive", "probability": 0.94775390625}, {"start": 103.28, "end": 104.44, "word": " or", "probability": 0.9052734375}, {"start": 104.44, "end": 104.82, "word": " with", "probability": 0.896484375}, {"start": 104.82, "end": 105.28, "word": " two", "probability": 0.7275390625}, {"start": 105.28, "end": 106.0, "word": " infinitive", "probability": 0.6461181640625}, {"start": 106.0, "end": 106.7, "word": " it", "probability": 0.515625}, {"start": 106.7, "end": 107.14, "word": " appears", "probability": 0.88623046875}, {"start": 107.14, "end": 107.56, "word": " in", "probability": 0.95068359375}, {"start": 107.56, "end": 108.12, "word": " active", "probability": 0.95703125}, {"start": 108.12, "end": 109.44, "word": " appears", "probability": 0.88671875}, {"start": 109.44, "end": 110.06, "word": " in", "probability": 0.939453125}, {"start": 110.06, "end": 110.68, "word": " passive", "probability": 0.9189453125}, {"start": 110.68, "end": 111.78, "word": " it", "probability": 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If you look to Arabic, do you have the same constructions? Do we have causative verbs in Arabic?", "tokens": [1610, 264, 9461, 307, 6250, 337, 9853, 364, 3069, 1096, 322, 264, 2657, 2564, 13, 759, 291, 574, 281, 19938, 11, 360, 291, 362, 264, 912, 7690, 626, 30, 1144, 321, 362, 3302, 1166, 30051, 294, 19938, 30], "avg_logprob": -0.11828926167426965, "compression_ratio": 1.3384615384615384, "no_speech_prob": 1.1920928955078125e-07, "words": [{"start": 122.36, "end": 122.64, "word": " Or", "probability": 0.424072265625}, {"start": 122.64, "end": 122.8, "word": " the", "probability": 0.8232421875}, {"start": 122.8, "end": 123.2, "word": " agent", "probability": 0.8994140625}, {"start": 123.2, "end": 123.46, "word": " is", "probability": 0.923828125}, {"start": 123.46, "end": 124.04, "word": " responsible", "probability": 0.93994140625}, {"start": 124.04, "end": 124.52, "word": " for", "probability": 0.9501953125}, {"start": 124.52, "end": 124.96, "word": " causing", "probability": 0.85693359375}, {"start": 124.96, "end": 125.34, "word": " an", "probability": 0.919921875}, {"start": 125.34, "end": 125.74, "word": " action", "probability": 0.94384765625}, {"start": 125.74, "end": 126.12, "word": " done", "probability": 0.88037109375}, {"start": 126.12, "end": 127.16, "word": " on", "probability": 0.9375}, {"start": 127.16, "end": 128.14, "word": " the", "probability": 0.8994140625}, {"start": 128.14, "end": 129.12, "word": " object", "probability": 0.845703125}, {"start": 129.12, "end": 130.3, "word": " itself.", "probability": 0.80712890625}, {"start": 131.02, "end": 131.18, "word": " If", "probability": 0.6064453125}, {"start": 131.18, "end": 132.54, "word": " you", "probability": 0.96240234375}, {"start": 132.54, "end": 132.68, "word": " look", "probability": 0.9619140625}, {"start": 132.68, "end": 132.82, "word": " to", "probability": 0.8193359375}, {"start": 132.82, "end": 133.14, "word": " Arabic,", "probability": 0.91845703125}, {"start": 134.52, "end": 135.0, "word": " do", "probability": 0.93017578125}, {"start": 135.0, "end": 135.06, "word": " you", "probability": 0.9140625}, {"start": 135.06, "end": 135.2, "word": " have", "probability": 0.94775390625}, {"start": 135.2, "end": 135.32, "word": " the", "probability": 0.9169921875}, {"start": 135.32, "end": 135.56, "word": " same", "probability": 0.88671875}, {"start": 135.56, "end": 136.32, "word": " constructions?", "probability": 0.904296875}, {"start": 137.76, "end": 138.02, "word": " Do", "probability": 0.94775390625}, {"start": 138.02, "end": 138.16, "word": " we", "probability": 0.95654296875}, {"start": 138.16, "end": 138.38, "word": " have", "probability": 0.94970703125}, {"start": 138.38, "end": 138.8, "word": " causative", "probability": 0.9453125}, {"start": 138.8, "end": 139.08, "word": " verbs", "probability": 0.93115234375}, {"start": 139.08, "end": 139.24, "word": " in", "probability": 0.9482421875}, {"start": 139.24, "end": 139.5, "word": " Arabic?", "probability": 0.9208984375}], "temperature": 1.0}, {"id": 7, "seek": 16944, "start": 140.74, "end": 169.44, "text": " Don't we have causative verbs? We have causative verbs. We have causative verbs in Arabic, but these causative verbs syntactically differ from English and the function of the causative verb in Arabic differs from English. We've seen or we dealt with the infinitive and bare infinitive in English. However, in Arabic, we don't have this equivalence.", "tokens": [1468, 380, 321, 362, 3302, 1166, 30051, 30, 492, 362, 3302, 1166, 30051, 13, 492, 362, 3302, 1166, 30051, 294, 19938, 11, 457, 613, 3302, 1166, 30051, 23980, 578, 984, 743, 490, 3669, 293, 264, 2445, 295, 264, 3302, 1166, 9595, 294, 19938, 37761, 490, 3669, 13, 492, 600, 1612, 420, 321, 15991, 365, 264, 7193, 2187, 293, 6949, 7193, 2187, 294, 3669, 13, 2908, 11, 294, 19938, 11, 321, 500, 380, 362, 341, 9052, 655, 13], "avg_logprob": -0.12179487122175021, "compression_ratio": 1.9606741573033708, "no_speech_prob": 1.1920928955078125e-07, "words": [{"start": 140.74, "end": 141.06, "word": " Don't", "probability": 0.8125}, {"start": 141.06, "end": 141.2, "word": " we", "probability": 0.9423828125}, {"start": 141.2, "end": 141.38, "word": " have", "probability": 0.943359375}, {"start": 141.38, "end": 141.74, "word": " causative", "probability": 0.930419921875}, {"start": 141.74, "end": 142.0, "word": " verbs?", "probability": 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The first inflection is allowed. Yes, this is by changing the inflection itself, the nominative, the genitive and the accusative case. هزق هزق", "tokens": [492, 362, 264, 9595, 2564, 575, 512, 1333, 295, 1536, 1809, 626, 3869, 281, 309, 11, 370, 309, 3643, 11168, 1166, 9595, 13, 440, 700, 1536, 5450, 307, 4350, 13, 1079, 11, 341, 307, 538, 4473, 264, 1536, 5450, 2564, 11, 264, 5369, 259, 1166, 11, 264, 1049, 2187, 293, 264, 11168, 1166, 1389, 13, 8032, 11622, 4587, 8032, 11622, 4587], "avg_logprob": -0.2217741930677045, "compression_ratio": 1.5471698113207548, "no_speech_prob": 0.0, "words": [{"start": 170.66, "end": 170.94, "word": " We", "probability": 0.57373046875}, {"start": 170.94, "end": 171.38, "word": " have", "probability": 0.9521484375}, {"start": 171.38, "end": 172.48, "word": " the", "probability": 0.84814453125}, {"start": 172.48, "end": 172.88, "word": " verb", "probability": 0.8916015625}, {"start": 172.88, "end": 173.48, "word": " itself", "probability": 0.8447265625}, {"start": 173.48, "end": 175.54, "word": " has", "probability": 0.72021484375}, {"start": 175.54, "end": 176.1, "word": " some", "probability": 0.90087890625}, {"start": 176.1, "end": 176.46, "word": " sort", "probability": 0.91943359375}, {"start": 176.46, "end": 176.72, "word": " of", "probability": 0.97314453125}, {"start": 176.72, "end": 177.58, "word": " inflections", "probability": 0.8694661458333334}, {"start": 177.58, "end": 178.54, "word": " added", "probability": 0.8662109375}, {"start": 178.54, "end": 178.8, "word": " to", "probability": 0.966796875}, {"start": 178.8, "end": 179.12, "word": " it,", "probability": 0.9609375}, {"start": 179.32, "end": 179.6, "word": " so", "probability": 0.9111328125}, {"start": 179.6, "end": 179.74, "word": " it", "probability": 0.9443359375}, {"start": 179.74, "end": 180.24, "word": " becomes", "probability": 0.890625}, {"start": 180.24, "end": 180.88, "word": " accusative", "probability": 0.87744140625}, {"start": 180.88, "end": 181.26, "word": " verb.", "probability": 0.75732421875}, {"start": 181.82, "end": 181.96, "word": " The", "probability": 0.8740234375}, {"start": 181.96, "end": 182.44, "word": " first", "probability": 0.8984375}, {"start": 182.44, "end": 185.08, "word": " inflection", "probability": 0.832275390625}, {"start": 185.08, "end": 185.42, "word": " is", "probability": 0.9375}, {"start": 185.42, "end": 185.92, "word": " allowed.", "probability": 0.29345703125}, {"start": 186.58, "end": 186.86, "word": " Yes,", "probability": 0.87744140625}, {"start": 187.08, "end": 187.5, "word": " this", "probability": 0.9384765625}, {"start": 187.5, "end": 187.62, "word": " is", "probability": 0.935546875}, {"start": 187.62, "end": 187.8, "word": " by", "probability": 0.95947265625}, {"start": 187.8, "end": 189.08, "word": " changing", "probability": 0.826171875}, {"start": 189.08, "end": 189.46, "word": " the", "probability": 0.89111328125}, {"start": 189.46, "end": 189.98, "word": " inflection", "probability": 0.95263671875}, {"start": 189.98, "end": 190.62, "word": " itself,", "probability": 0.82373046875}, {"start": 191.32, "end": 191.52, "word": " the", "probability": 0.88720703125}, {"start": 191.52, "end": 192.32, "word": " nominative,", "probability": 0.9244791666666666}, {"start": 193.44, "end": 193.7, "word": " the", "probability": 0.88525390625}, {"start": 193.7, "end": 194.1, "word": " genitive", "probability": 0.896728515625}, {"start": 194.1, "end": 194.88, "word": " and", "probability": 0.68994140625}, {"start": 194.88, "end": 195.04, "word": " the", "probability": 0.7255859375}, {"start": 195.04, "end": 195.64, "word": " accusative", "probability": 0.955810546875}, {"start": 195.64, "end": 196.08, "word": " case.", "probability": 0.904296875}, {"start": 198.56, "end": 198.82, "word": " هزق", "probability": 0.62890625}, {"start": 198.82, "end": 200.16, "word": " هزق", "probability": 0.72900390625}], "temperature": 1.0}, {"id": 9, "seek": 22464, "start": 201.5, "end": 224.64, "text": " Okay. So we change the genitive case into accusative case, having the causative there. We still have what is called gemination. Okay. Hadama, haddama. Alima, allama. Okay. You add another", "tokens": [1033, 13, 407, 321, 1319, 264, 1049, 2187, 1389, 666, 11168, 1166, 1389, 11, 1419, 264, 3302, 1166, 456, 13, 492, 920, 362, 437, 307, 1219, 7173, 2486, 13, 1033, 13, 12298, 2404, 11, 632, 67, 2404, 13, 967, 4775, 11, 439, 2404, 13, 1033, 13, 509, 909, 1071], "avg_logprob": -0.24796875953674316, "compression_ratio": 1.4351145038167938, "no_speech_prob": 5.960464477539063e-08, "words": [{"start": 201.5, "end": 201.82, "word": " Okay.", "probability": 0.6416015625}, {"start": 202.62, "end": 203.0, "word": " So", "probability": 0.94384765625}, {"start": 203.0, "end": 203.22, "word": " we", "probability": 0.9248046875}, {"start": 203.22, "end": 203.68, "word": " change", "probability": 0.79443359375}, {"start": 203.68, "end": 204.26, "word": " the", "probability": 0.91162109375}, {"start": 204.26, "end": 204.62, "word": " genitive", "probability": 0.835693359375}, {"start": 204.62, "end": 205.04, "word": " case", "probability": 0.92333984375}, {"start": 205.04, "end": 205.54, "word": " into", "probability": 0.79833984375}, {"start": 205.54, "end": 207.36, "word": " accusative", "probability": 0.928955078125}, {"start": 207.36, "end": 207.86, "word": " case,", "probability": 0.92138671875}, {"start": 208.2, "end": 208.84, "word": " having", "probability": 0.89990234375}, {"start": 208.84, "end": 209.42, "word": " the", "probability": 0.904296875}, {"start": 209.42, "end": 210.02, "word": " causative", "probability": 0.89990234375}, {"start": 210.02, "end": 210.4, "word": " there.", "probability": 0.6826171875}, {"start": 210.8, "end": 211.42, "word": " We", "probability": 0.9443359375}, {"start": 211.42, "end": 211.76, "word": " still", "probability": 0.96533203125}, {"start": 211.76, "end": 212.1, "word": " have", "probability": 0.94775390625}, {"start": 212.1, "end": 212.24, "word": " what", "probability": 0.93359375}, {"start": 212.24, "end": 212.4, "word": " is", "probability": 0.8701171875}, {"start": 212.4, "end": 212.72, "word": " called", "probability": 0.91748046875}, {"start": 212.72, "end": 213.4, "word": " gemination.", "probability": 0.70751953125}, {"start": 214.28, "end": 214.46, "word": " Okay.", "probability": 0.82421875}, {"start": 215.9, "end": 216.44, "word": " Hadama,", "probability": 0.654296875}, {"start": 217.24, "end": 218.0, "word": " haddama.", "probability": 0.7076822916666666}, {"start": 218.98, "end": 219.66, "word": " Alima,", "probability": 0.7294921875}, {"start": 220.7, "end": 221.36, "word": " allama.", "probability": 0.780517578125}, {"start": 222.54, "end": 222.92, "word": " Okay.", "probability": 0.76513671875}, {"start": 223.5, "end": 223.72, "word": " You", "probability": 0.95849609375}, {"start": 223.72, "end": 224.1, "word": " add", "probability": 0.8994140625}, {"start": 224.1, "end": 224.64, "word": " another", "probability": 0.919921875}], "temperature": 1.0}, {"id": 10, "seek": 25471, "start": 226.37, "end": 254.71, "text": " Sound having what was called the consonant doubling. This is called gymnasium. Okay shut down Okay, now still we have Another way the third way. This is Hamza Okay, you have the Hamza the glottal sound a Okay when I say for example Farrah Farraha Afraha Okay Alima Alama", "tokens": [14673, 1419, 437, 390, 1219, 264, 43647, 33651, 13, 639, 307, 1219, 9222, 18979, 2197, 13, 1033, 5309, 760, 1033, 11, 586, 920, 321, 362, 3996, 636, 264, 2636, 636, 13, 639, 307, 8234, 2394, 1033, 11, 291, 362, 264, 8234, 2394, 264, 1563, 1521, 304, 1626, 257, 1033, 562, 286, 584, 337, 1365, 9067, 15688, 9067, 424, 1641, 3325, 424, 1641, 1033, 967, 4775, 967, 2404], "avg_logprob": -0.35914521269938526, "compression_ratio": 1.5574712643678161, "no_speech_prob": 5.960464477539063e-08, "words": [{"start": 226.36999999999998, "end": 227.17, "word": " Sound", "probability": 0.259521484375}, {"start": 227.17, "end": 227.53, "word": " having", "probability": 0.8515625}, {"start": 227.53, "end": 227.71, "word": " what", "probability": 0.90380859375}, {"start": 227.71, "end": 227.87, "word": " was", "probability": 0.666015625}, {"start": 227.87, "end": 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0.90869140625}, {"start": 307.03, "end": 307.57, "word": " causatives", "probability": 0.93212890625}, {"start": 307.57, "end": 308.49, "word": " differ", "probability": 0.9501953125}, {"start": 308.49, "end": 309.13, "word": " completely", "probability": 0.744140625}, {"start": 309.13, "end": 309.45, "word": " from", "probability": 0.888671875}, {"start": 309.45, "end": 309.73, "word": " each", "probability": 0.94287109375}, {"start": 309.73, "end": 309.97, "word": " other", "probability": 0.8994140625}, {"start": 309.97, "end": 310.97, "word": " okay", "probability": 0.88916015625}, {"start": 310.97, "end": 311.73, "word": " so", "probability": 0.92822265625}], "temperature": 1.0}, {"id": 13, "seek": 33655, "start": 312.61, "end": 336.55, "text": " This does not cause what is called negative interference once learning causatives. All causative errors or mistakes done by the Arab learners of English result from the difficulty of English that result to what is called intralingual errors. Intralingual errors, okay?", "tokens": [639, 775, 406, 3082, 437, 307, 1219, 3671, 24497, 1564, 2539, 3302, 4884, 13, 1057, 3302, 1166, 13603, 420, 8038, 1096, 538, 264, 8625, 23655, 295, 3669, 1874, 490, 264, 10360, 295, 3669, 300, 1874, 281, 437, 307, 1219, 560, 2155, 278, 901, 13603, 13, 5681, 2155, 278, 901, 13603, 11, 1392, 30], "avg_logprob": -0.1727430505885018, "compression_ratio": 1.6604938271604939, "no_speech_prob": 0.0, "words": [{"start": 312.61, "end": 313.09, "word": " This", "probability": 0.80322265625}, {"start": 313.09, "end": 313.87, "word": " does", "probability": 0.97119140625}, {"start": 313.87, "end": 314.13, "word": " not", "probability": 0.95458984375}, {"start": 314.13, "end": 314.63, "word": " cause", "probability": 0.82080078125}, {"start": 314.63, "end": 314.89, "word": " what", "probability": 0.9033203125}, {"start": 314.89, "end": 315.03, "word": " is", "probability": 0.8798828125}, {"start": 315.03, "end": 315.25, "word": " called", "probability": 0.90234375}, {"start": 315.25, "end": 315.69, "word": " negative", "probability": 0.86279296875}, {"start": 315.69, "end": 316.61, "word": " interference", "probability": 0.89990234375}, {"start": 316.61, "end": 317.37, "word": " once", "probability": 0.50146484375}, {"start": 317.37, "end": 317.77, "word": " learning", "probability": 0.93505859375}, {"start": 317.77, "end": 318.37, "word": " causatives.", "probability": 0.776123046875}, {"start": 319.07, "end": 319.31, "word": " All", "probability": 0.953125}, {"start": 319.31, "end": 319.87, "word": " causative", "probability": 0.9404296875}, {"start": 319.87, "end": 320.31, "word": " errors", "probability": 0.837890625}, {"start": 320.31, "end": 320.63, "word": " or", "probability": 0.94091796875}, {"start": 320.63, "end": 321.17, "word": " mistakes", "probability": 0.90380859375}, {"start": 321.17, "end": 322.23, "word": " done", "probability": 0.8935546875}, {"start": 322.23, "end": 323.41, "word": " by", "probability": 0.96875}, {"start": 323.41, "end": 323.63, "word": " the", "probability": 0.7666015625}, {"start": 323.63, "end": 324.19, "word": " Arab", "probability": 0.7353515625}, {"start": 324.19, "end": 324.55, "word": " learners", "probability": 0.95068359375}, {"start": 324.55, "end": 324.81, "word": " of", "probability": 0.97119140625}, {"start": 324.81, "end": 325.21, "word": " English", "probability": 0.98095703125}, {"start": 325.21, "end": 326.09, "word": " result", "probability": 0.84521484375}, {"start": 326.09, "end": 326.55, "word": " from", "probability": 0.89306640625}, {"start": 326.55, "end": 327.65, "word": " the", "probability": 0.8486328125}, {"start": 327.65, "end": 329.75, "word": " difficulty", "probability": 0.6962890625}, {"start": 329.75, "end": 330.23, "word": " of", "probability": 0.9677734375}, {"start": 330.23, "end": 330.61, "word": " English", "probability": 0.9775390625}, {"start": 330.61, "end": 330.93, "word": " that", "probability": 0.810546875}, {"start": 330.93, "end": 331.43, "word": " result", "probability": 0.65673828125}, {"start": 331.43, "end": 331.63, "word": " to", "probability": 0.9365234375}, {"start": 331.63, "end": 331.77, "word": " what", "probability": 0.9521484375}, {"start": 331.77, "end": 331.93, "word": " is", "probability": 0.923828125}, {"start": 331.93, "end": 332.41, "word": " called", "probability": 0.89111328125}, {"start": 332.41, "end": 333.57, "word": " intralingual", "probability": 0.790283203125}, {"start": 333.57, "end": 334.05, "word": " errors.", "probability": 0.880859375}, {"start": 334.47, "end": 335.21, "word": " Intralingual", "probability": 0.9051513671875}, {"start": 335.21, "end": 335.97, "word": " errors,", "probability": 0.85986328125}, {"start": 336.31, "end": 336.55, "word": " okay?", "probability": 0.81884765625}], "temperature": 1.0}, {"id": 14, "seek": 35273, "start": 337.67, "end": 352.73, "text": " That's it for causatives and now we need to discuss the point generally and also need to speak about the best activities or games for teaching causatives to our students. That's it.", "tokens": [663, 311, 309, 337, 3302, 4884, 293, 586, 321, 643, 281, 2248, 264, 935, 5101, 293, 611, 643, 281, 1710, 466, 264, 1151, 5354, 420, 2813, 337, 4571, 3302, 4884, 281, 527, 1731, 13, 663, 311, 309, 13], "avg_logprob": -0.13491586614877749, "compression_ratio": 1.456, "no_speech_prob": 5.960464477539063e-08, "words": [{"start": 337.67, "end": 338.43, "word": " That's", "probability": 0.73876953125}, {"start": 338.43, "end": 338.57, "word": " it", "probability": 0.95263671875}, {"start": 338.57, "end": 338.83, "word": " for", "probability": 0.94580078125}, {"start": 338.83, "end": 339.37, "word": " causatives", "probability": 0.8896484375}, {"start": 339.37, "end": 339.95, "word": " and", "probability": 0.3759765625}, {"start": 339.95, "end": 340.15, "word": " now", "probability": 0.93994140625}, {"start": 340.15, "end": 340.31, "word": " we", "probability": 0.935546875}, {"start": 340.31, "end": 340.55, "word": " need", "probability": 0.91796875}, {"start": 340.55, "end": 340.89, "word": " to", "probability": 0.9716796875}, {"start": 340.89, "end": 341.79, "word": " discuss", "probability": 0.9208984375}, {"start": 341.79, "end": 342.39, "word": " the", "probability": 0.90234375}, {"start": 342.39, "end": 342.79, "word": " point", "probability": 0.9521484375}, {"start": 342.79, "end": 344.45, "word": " generally", "probability": 0.841796875}, {"start": 344.45, "end": 344.85, "word": " and", "probability": 0.77978515625}, {"start": 344.85, "end": 345.13, "word": " also", "probability": 0.8583984375}, {"start": 345.13, "end": 345.35, "word": " need", "probability": 0.62841796875}, {"start": 345.35, "end": 345.49, "word": " to", "probability": 0.97119140625}, {"start": 345.49, "end": 345.75, "word": " speak", "probability": 0.96435546875}, {"start": 345.75, "end": 346.13, "word": " about", "probability": 0.90771484375}, {"start": 346.13, "end": 346.47, "word": " the", "probability": 0.89453125}, {"start": 346.47, "end": 346.99, "word": " best", "probability": 0.91748046875}, {"start": 346.99, "end": 348.17, "word": " activities", "probability": 0.9599609375}, {"start": 348.17, "end": 348.65, "word": " or", "probability": 0.94775390625}, {"start": 348.65, "end": 349.03, "word": " games", "probability": 0.91796875}, {"start": 349.03, "end": 349.31, "word": " for", "probability": 0.94580078125}, {"start": 349.31, "end": 349.73, "word": " teaching", "probability": 0.908203125}, {"start": 349.73, "end": 350.35, "word": " causatives", "probability": 0.93701171875}, {"start": 350.35, "end": 351.11, "word": " to", "probability": 0.96044921875}, {"start": 351.11, "end": 351.33, "word": " our", "probability": 0.88232421875}, {"start": 351.33, "end": 351.83, "word": " students.", "probability": 0.97509765625}, {"start": 352.17, "end": 352.55, "word": " That's", "probability": 0.93505859375}, {"start": 352.55, "end": 352.73, "word": " it.", "probability": 0.9521484375}], "temperature": 1.0}], "language": "en", "language_probability": 1.0, "duration": 353.7328125, "duration_after_vad": 342.3740937500002}

PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/Qj60Fd-7CrA.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1480 @@
+
+1
+00:00:15,200 --> 00:00:17,420
+Bismillahirrahmanirrahim Today we are going to
+
+2
+00:00:17,420 --> 00:00:23,540
+continue with adjectives in English and Arabic. We 
+
+3
+00:00:23,540 --> 00:00:26,540
+spoke last time about the definition of adjectives.
+
+4
+00:00:27,370 --> 00:00:31,450
+And we mentioned that they modify nouns and 
+
+5
+00:00:31,450 --> 00:00:36,590
+pronouns. Okay? They can be predicative or 
+
+6
+00:00:36,590 --> 00:00:40,270
+attributive. In case of being predicative, they 
+
+7
+00:00:40,270 --> 00:00:44,810
+post-modify the noun or the pronoun. Say, the noun
+
+8
+00:00:44,810 --> 00:00:50,730
+phrase. In case of being attributive, they pre-
+
+9
+00:00:50,730 --> 00:00:56,060
+modify the noun phrase. Okay? And we cited 
+
+10
+00:00:56,060 --> 00:01:01,260
+examples as those which you see just now in the
+
+11
+00:01:01,260 --> 00:01:07,400
+slide. We have different types of adjectives, 
+
+12
+00:01:08,240 --> 00:01:12,520
+different morphological types, either we have 
+
+13
+00:01:12,520 --> 00:01:17,720
+solid compounds or hyphenated compounds as you 
+
+14
+00:01:17,720 --> 00:01:23,980
+see, hyphenated adjectives or solid adjectives or 
+
+15
+00:01:26,110 --> 00:01:30,730
+one-word adjective. So morphologically, we have 
+
+16
+00:01:30,730 --> 00:01:34,790
+different types. Syntactically, we have adjectives 
+
+17
+00:01:34,790 --> 00:01:41,910
+in the form of a word, a noun, or adjective, or 
+
+18
+00:01:41,910 --> 00:01:45,270
+pronoun, either universal pronoun, or partitive
+
+19
+00:01:45,270 --> 00:01:49,410
+pronoun, or possessive pronoun, or even numeral, 
+
+20
+00:01:49,970 --> 00:01:53,930
+number. As we've seen last time,
+
+21
+00:01:56,740 --> 00:01:59,600
+For the position of the adjective, we mentioned
+
+22
+00:01:59,600 --> 00:02:04,540
+that they can pre-modify, they precede the noun or
+
+23
+00:02:04,540 --> 00:02:07,560
+they follow the noun. At that case, they are 
+
+24
+00:02:07,560 --> 00:02:14,520
+called predicative adjectives. In this regard, we
+
+25
+00:02:14,520 --> 00:02:17,300
+mentioned just two adjectives as I said, 
+
+26
+00:02:17,700 --> 00:02:20,660
+attributive adjectives and predicative adjectives. 
+
+27
+00:02:22,410 --> 00:02:24,970
+We mentioned that we have some sort of exceptions 
+
+28
+00:02:24,970 --> 00:02:31,110
+for some adjectives which they always stand as
+
+29
+00:02:31,110 --> 00:02:35,770
+predicative adjectives, such as general, secretary
+
+30
+00:02:35,770 --> 00:02:38,570
+general, president-elect, 
+
+31
+00:02:41,310 --> 00:02:47,270
+court-martial, god-almighty, poet laureate, 
+
+32
+00:02:48,090 --> 00:02:50,690
+attorney general, director general,
+
+33
+00:02:55,660 --> 00:02:59,860
+okay, these partitive pronouns or universal
+
+34
+00:02:59,860 --> 00:03:02,380
+pronouns, that means something, partitive pronoun 
+
+35
+00:03:02,380 --> 00:03:08,200
+everything, this is universal pronoun, okay, plus 
+
+36
+00:03:08,200 --> 00:03:13,660
+other pronouns, they stand as adjectives as we 
+
+37
+00:03:13,660 --> 00:03:20,480
+mentioned last time, okay?
+
+38
+00:03:22,330 --> 00:03:24,670
+Regarding the types of adjectives, we mentioned
+
+39
+00:03:24,670 --> 00:03:28,190
+the proper adjectives, I mean the nouns, the 
+
+40
+00:03:28,190 --> 00:03:31,550
+adjectives which are derived from nouns. 
+
+41
+00:03:32,130 --> 00:03:37,810
+Palestine, Palestinians. Norway, Norwegian. 
+
+42
+00:03:38,850 --> 00:03:47,170
+America, American. Iraq, Iraqi. Islam, Islamic. 
+
+43
+00:03:48,150 --> 00:03:51,360
+Okay? We also mentioned what is called the
+
+44
+00:03:51,360 --> 00:03:53,600
+attributive adjective, number two.
+
+45
+00:03:56,840 --> 00:04:00,780
+Then the predicative adjectives, and every one of 
+
+46
+00:04:00,780 --> 00:04:06,920
+these has its own types, okay? 
+
+47
+00:04:11,990 --> 00:04:14,770
+So these are the types of the attributive
+
+48
+00:04:14,770 --> 00:04:18,010
+adjectives. For the order of adjectives also, we 
+
+49
+00:04:18,010 --> 00:04:21,750
+mentioned that we have a specific system for the
+
+50
+00:04:21,750 --> 00:04:25,450
+adjectives. They cannot be written spontaneously 
+
+51
+00:04:25,450 --> 00:04:29,870
+in the sentence. Here we have a point of 
+
+52
+00:04:29,870 --> 00:04:33,310
+difference between English and Arabic adjectives. 
+
+53
+00:04:33,990 --> 00:04:37,590
+In English, as you see, we have a systematic order 
+
+54
+00:04:37,590 --> 00:04:44,070
+of adjectives starting with determiner then size
+
+55
+00:04:44,070 --> 00:04:52,410
+etc., however in Arabic we have, yes,
+
+56
+00:04:52,410 --> 00:04:56,470
+the Arabic language, the Arabic language doesn't 
+
+57
+00:04:56,470 --> 00:05:00,250
+have a systematic system for the order of adjectives
+
+58
+00:05:00,250 --> 00:05:04,250
+it depends on their importance in the sentence so
+
+59
+00:05:04,250 --> 00:05:07,930
+we start with the most important adjective 
+
+60
+00:05:07,930 --> 00:05:12,990
+followed by the less important ones. Okay.
+
+61
+00:05:20,750 --> 00:05:26,270
+As you see, we have the
+
+62
+00:05:26,270 --> 00:05:29,690
+package is small and light. The weather is clear, 
+
+63
+00:05:29,890 --> 00:05:35,130
+cold and dry. Okay. The foot, the footstool is
+
+64
+00:05:35,130 --> 00:05:38,440
+round and black. We have a systematic system 
+
+65
+00:05:38,440 --> 00:05:41,920
+morphologically or syntactically, we have to 
+
+66
+00:05:41,920 --> 00:05:44,340
+differentiate or to separate between these 
+
+67
+00:05:44,340 --> 00:05:48,720
+adjectives by using a punctuation mark, mainly the
+
+68
+00:05:48,720 --> 00:05:52,220
+comma, okay. If you have two adjectives, then we have
+
+69
+00:05:52,220 --> 00:05:56,000
+to separate between them by using a comma, if you 
+
+70
+00:05:56,000 --> 00:05:58,840
+have three, then you use a comma between the first 
+
+71
+00:05:58,840 --> 00:06:02,800
+two, then the conjunctions or the coordinator and,
+
+72
+00:06:02,800 --> 00:06:03,740
+okay?
+
+73
+00:06:07,590 --> 00:06:10,070
+It's for the predicative adjective. And this is 
+
+74
+00:06:10,070 --> 00:06:14,030
+also for... is applicable or it corresponds to
+
+75
+00:06:14,030 --> 00:06:17,710
+what is called predicative adjective. However, if 
+
+76
+00:06:17,710 --> 00:06:21,530
+you have two adjectives standing as both modifiers
+
+77
+00:06:21,530 --> 00:06:25,010
+of the noun, then we connect between them by using 
+
+78
+00:06:25,010 --> 00:06:28,750
+the connector and. The footstool is round and 
+
+79
+00:06:28,750 --> 00:06:32,730
+black. Teacher. Yes. What do you mean by order of 
+
+80
+00:06:32,730 --> 00:06:36,700
+adjectives exactly? The classification of the
+
+81
+00:06:36,700 --> 00:06:39,660
+adjectives in the sentence. Sometimes you have 
+
+82
+00:06:39,660 --> 00:06:43,600
+three adjectives modifying one noun. How could you 
+
+83
+00:06:43,600 --> 00:06:48,000
+classify them? You classify them according to 
+
+84
+00:06:48,000 --> 00:06:52,620
+their semantic types. Okay? We have an adjective
+
+85
+00:06:52,620 --> 00:06:56,920
+denoting size, another adjective denoting color,
+
+86
+00:06:57,740 --> 00:07:04,870
+the third adjective denoting shape. Age, quantity,
+
+87
+00:07:04,870 --> 00:07:08,710
+for example, frequency, temperature, humidity,
+
+88
+00:07:09,070 --> 00:07:12,850
+etc. So, they are classified systematically.
+
+89
+00:07:17,890 --> 00:07:20,850
+We have some adjectives that stand as predicative, 
+
+90
+00:07:21,090 --> 00:07:24,130
+as we mentioned last time, like afloat, asleep, 
+
+91
+00:07:24,550 --> 00:07:30,230
+alone, alive, afraid, aglow. Okay? These are 
+
+92
+00:07:30,230 --> 00:07:33,170
+always predicative. Okay? 
+
+93
+00:07:38,850 --> 00:07:44,570
+Okay? Now, once you have the predicative and 
+
+94
+00:07:44,570 --> 00:07:49,190
+attributive adjectives in the sentence. Okay? You
+
+95
+00:07:49,190 --> 00:07:56,050
+have certain order for each one. Some nouns can be
+
+96
+00:07:56,050 --> 00:08:01,750
+both modified and pre-modified by adjectives. Some
+
+97
+00:08:01,750 --> 00:08:05,450
+nouns accept both predicative adjectives and 
+
+98
+00:08:05,450 --> 00:08:10,470
+attributive adjectives. But here, the position of 
+
+99
+00:08:10,470 --> 00:08:13,330
+the adjective changes the meaning of the sentence.
+
+100
+00:08:13,730 --> 00:08:17,730
+The treasurer was present. The prison treasurer. 
+
+101
+00:08:18,290 --> 00:08:22,930
+So, we have different meanings in the two 
+
+102
+00:08:22,930 --> 00:08:26,670
+sentences. As we mentioned last time, Robin Harris 
+
+103
+00:08:26,670 --> 00:08:31,250
+was late. The late Robin Harris. Robin Harris كان
+
+104
+00:08:31,250 --> 00:08:34,770
+متأخرا. The late Robin Harris. Robin Harris 
+
+105
+00:08:34,770 --> 00:08:43,650
+الراحل. Okay? So, yes. My friend is poor. صديقي 
+
+106
+00:08:43,650 --> 00:08:52,850
+فقير. My poor friend. صديقي مسكين. Okay, so
+
+107
+00:08:52,850 --> 00:08:55,490
+as you see the meaning changes according to the
+
+108
+00:08:55,490 --> 00:08:59,890
+position of the adjective. We terminated last time
+
+109
+00:08:59,890 --> 00:09:04,230
+on what is called interpolated adjectives. These
+
+110
+00:09:04,230 --> 00:09:07,590
+adjectives which are stated or placed in the
+
+111
+00:09:07,590 --> 00:09:10,970
+sentence spontaneously, okay? 
+
+112
+00:09:15,070 --> 00:09:17,730
+We don't check at last line picture this. Sorry? 
+
+113
+00:09:18,050 --> 00:09:20,790
+We don't check this thing. Yes. Yes. We are going
+
+114
+00:09:20,790 --> 00:09:26,310
+to explain this just now. Okay? So we have 
+
+115
+00:09:26,310 --> 00:09:31,310
+adjectives denoting or indicating color. These can
+
+116
+00:09:31,310 --> 00:09:34,590
+be placed elsewhere in a sentence. It cannot be
+
+117
+00:09:34,590 --> 00:09:44,240
+put just after size or age. The child, happy and 
+
+118
+00:09:44,240 --> 00:09:49,640
+excited, ran along the beach. You can say the
+
+119
+00:09:49,640 --> 00:09:53,920
+happy and excited child ran along the beach. Okay? 
+
+120
+00:09:54,320 --> 00:09:56,920
+The child, happy and excited. This is called
+
+121
+00:09:56,920 --> 00:10:00,780
+interpolated adjectives. Yeah, you can put it 
+
+122
+00:10:00,780 --> 00:10:04,620
+wherever you like in the sentence. Okay? For the
+
+123
+00:10:04,620 --> 00:10:11,380
+sake of focus or emphasis. Startled. This is at 
+
+124
+00:10:11,380 --> 00:10:14,060
+the beginning. We've seen it in the middle of the 
+
+125
+00:10:14,060 --> 00:10:18,340
+sentence, happy and excited. Then we see it in the
+
+126
+00:10:18,340 --> 00:10:20,820
+beginning of the sentence, initial position,
+
+127
+00:10:21,620 --> 00:10:26,720
+startle the small yellow bird, stop singing. Okay? 
+
+128
+00:10:27,500 --> 00:10:30,600
+So this is called focus. We focus on the
+
+129
+00:10:30,600 --> 00:10:35,520
+adjective, the quality of the bird itself.
+
+130
+00:10:39,510 --> 00:10:43,330
+Yes, it is an adjective. It's past participle
+
+131
+00:10:43,330 --> 00:10:49,670
+form. Tense, expectant and alert, we waited to see 
+
+132
+00:10:49,670 --> 00:10:57,130
+what would happen. So, we focus on the status of
+
+133
+00:10:57,130 --> 00:11:02,620
+the noun or of the person. Tense, expectant and
+
+134
+00:11:02,620 --> 00:11:07,520
+alert, we waited. Who are tense, expectant and
+
+135
+00:11:07,520 --> 00:11:12,500
+alert? This is we. Okay? So, we put them in the
+
+136
+00:11:12,500 --> 00:11:15,940
+beginning of the sentence. This is called focus. 
+
+137
+00:11:16,540 --> 00:11:21,320
+Okay? It's for emphasis. So, you have the quality
+
+138
+00:11:21,320 --> 00:11:25,240
+of moving the adjective wherever. 
+
+139
+00:11:27,150 --> 00:11:31,190
+available in the sentence, okay, just for emphasis
+
+140
+00:11:31,190 --> 00:11:35,050
+or say focus, okay? In that sense, it is called 
+
+141
+00:11:35,050 --> 00:11:41,430
+interpolated adjective. We
+
+142
+00:11:41,430 --> 00:11:46,210
+have number five, so interpolated adjectives are
+
+143
+00:11:46,210 --> 00:11:50,110
+number four. Okay. We spoke about proper 
+
+144
+00:11:50,110 --> 00:11:56,290
+adjectives, spoke about attributive, predicative,
+
+145
+00:11:56,890 --> 00:12:00,630
+then interpolated, and now we are speaking about 
+
+146
+00:12:00,630 --> 00:12:03,910
+the adjectival phrases and clauses in the 
+
+147
+00:12:03,910 --> 00:12:11,090
+sentence. Yes. Interpolated. Yes, we can move the 
+
+148
+00:12:11,090 --> 00:12:14,630
+same adjective in the same sentence in the 
+
+149
+00:12:14,630 --> 00:12:18,640
+beginning, Yes, it depends on the meaning you need 
+
+150
+00:12:18,640 --> 00:12:21,760
+to convey to the listener, to the receiver.
+
+151
+00:12:26,360 --> 00:12:30,520
+It's up to you to use it wherever you like. For 
+
+152
+00:12:30,520 --> 00:12:34,660
+example, the happy and excited child ran along the 
+
+153
+00:12:34,660 --> 00:12:39,100
+beach. This is a normal sentence. Okay, we can say
+
+154
+00:12:39,100 --> 00:12:43,100
+the child, happy and excited. We speak about his
+
+155
+00:12:43,100 --> 00:12:47,870
+condition, his status. We focus only on, not on
+
+156
+00:12:47,870 --> 00:12:55,230
+the child, but on his condition. Okay? So this is
+
+157
+00:12:55,230 --> 00:12:59,530
+called interpolated. You move it wherever you 
+
+158
+00:12:59,530 --> 00:13:04,990
+like, but you change the meaning. Okay? Here, we 
+
+159
+00:13:04,990 --> 00:13:07,950
+have a difference between a happy and excited 
+
+160
+00:13:07,950 --> 00:13:08,590
+child.
+
+161
+00:13:18,970 --> 00:13:23,010
+And we have a difference between the happy and
+
+162
+00:13:23,010 --> 00:13:26,930
+excited child and the child, happy and excited. 
+
+163
+00:13:28,390 --> 00:13:32,370
+Okay? So the focus is on the adjective in the
+
+164
+00:13:32,370 --> 00:13:35,070
+second sentence. However, the first sentence is
+
+165
+00:13:35,070 --> 00:13:37,270
+normal. The focus is on the child himself. 
+
+166
+00:13:38,470 --> 00:13:46,570
+Startled, the focus is on the condition. Okay? The 
+
+167
+00:13:46,570 --> 00:13:49,870
+adjective, small yellow bird stopped singing. 
+
+168
+00:13:51,350 --> 00:13:55,190
+Okay? So, we, the listener, now the speaker draws
+
+169
+00:13:55,190 --> 00:14:00,030
+the attention of the listener on the status of the
+
+170
+00:14:00,030 --> 00:14:03,710
+bird startled. The next sentence, as you see, we 
+
+171
+00:14:03,710 --> 00:14:07,010
+can say the small yellow startled bird stopped
+
+172
+00:14:07,010 --> 00:14:12,770
+singing. Okay? Tense, expectant and alert. These
+
+173
+00:14:12,770 --> 00:14:18,580
+are modifiers for the noun phrase or the pronoun,
+
+174
+00:14:19,080 --> 00:14:25,200
+we. Okay? So, they come at the beginning of the 
+
+175
+00:14:25,200 --> 00:14:30,700
+sentence before the subject, just for focus on the
+
+176
+00:14:30,700 --> 00:14:35,840
+condition of the subject. You see? 
+
+177
+00:14:40,900 --> 00:14:43,760
+We have adjectives, phrases and clauses, number 
+
+178
+00:14:43,760 --> 00:14:49,010
+five as you see. The one on the desk is mine. You
+
+179
+00:14:49,010 --> 00:14:55,890
+see the one, this one is mine. We speak about the 
+
+180
+00:14:55,890 --> 00:15:01,250
+adverbial clause. It can be preposition phrase,
+
+181
+00:15:02,050 --> 00:15:06,610
+can be a noun phrase, can have a different form, the
+
+182
+00:15:06,610 --> 00:15:10,330
+adverbial clause or phrase. So the one on the desk 
+
+183
+00:15:10,330 --> 00:15:16,130
+is mine. On the desk represents semantically an
+
+184
+00:15:16,130 --> 00:15:20,590
+adjective. The chair which was placed in front of 
+
+185
+00:15:20,590 --> 00:15:29,790
+the window was a higher loom. Okay? So, we have
+
+186
+00:15:29,790 --> 00:15:35,270
+a long adjectival phrase, adjectival clause, which
+
+187
+00:15:35,270 --> 00:15:38,850
+was placed in front of the window. The chair which
+
+188
+00:15:38,850 --> 00:15:43,700
+was placed in front of the window was a higher, was 
+
+189
+00:15:43,700 --> 00:15:49,180
+an heirloom, okay? موروث يعني. Those who decide to 
+
+190
+00:15:49,180 --> 00:15:54,020
+come will not be disappointed. Those who decide to
+
+191
+00:15:54,020 --> 00:15:59,320
+come will not be disappointed. Okay? Who decide to
+
+192
+00:15:59,320 --> 00:16:00,580
+come adjectives are closed. 
+
+193
+00:16:04,120 --> 00:16:08,460
+We have present participle number six standing as 
+
+194
+00:16:08,460 --> 00:16:13,900
+an adjective. The falling star. The barking dog. 
+
+195
+00:16:14,980 --> 00:16:1
+
+223
+00:18:48,730 --> 00:18:50,910
+adjective modify?
+
+224
+00:18:52,450 --> 00:18:59,350
+The child. And this concerted by the news, we hid
+
+225
+00:18:59,350 --> 00:19:08,170
+it for the nearest farmhouse. We is the noun which
+
+226
+00:19:08,170 --> 00:19:13,610
+is pre-modified by this dangling participle
+
+227
+00:19:13,610 --> 00:19:14,230
+adjective.
+
+228
+00:19:18,510 --> 00:19:24,050
+Okay? As we mentioned, the description in the
+
+229
+00:19:24,050 --> 00:19:26,830
+order of the adjective comes before the
+
+230
+00:19:26,830 --> 00:19:33,930
+classification. An old political idea. An old
+
+231
+00:19:33,930 --> 00:19:36,630
+political idea. Once we say old, this is
+
+232
+00:19:36,630 --> 00:19:41,110
+description. Political idea, geographical idea.
+
+233
+00:19:41,970 --> 00:19:47,290
+economical idea okay these are classifications so
+
+234
+00:19:47,290 --> 00:19:56,630
+the description comes before classification we
+
+235
+00:19:56,630 --> 00:20:02,490
+have description classification noun as an old
+
+236
+00:20:02,490 --> 00:20:06,690
+political idea not political old idea it's wrong
+
+237
+00:20:06,690 --> 00:20:12,850
+to say political old idea okay It's, you have to
+
+238
+00:20:12,850 --> 00:20:18,710
+start with description, then classification. The
+
+239
+00:20:18,710 --> 00:20:23,770
+latest educational reform. Educational
+
+240
+00:20:23,770 --> 00:20:30,630
+descriptive. Sorry, latest. Latest description.
+
+241
+00:20:31,230 --> 00:20:35,410
+Educational classification. Okay? So we cannot say
+
+242
+00:20:35,410 --> 00:20:38,110
+the educational latest. We have to say latest
+
+243
+00:20:38,110 --> 00:20:44,950
+educational. A green wine bottle. A green, while,
+
+244
+00:20:45,370 --> 00:20:48,670
+wine bottle. So green again, it is description.
+
+245
+00:20:49,370 --> 00:20:52,290
+It's color, but it refers here to description.
+
+246
+00:20:53,010 --> 00:20:56,210
+Wine, this is classification.
+
+247
+00:20:57,250 --> 00:21:01,370
+Not of wine, sorry. It's wrong to say wine, green
+
+248
+00:21:01,370 --> 00:21:07,590
+bottle. Leather dancing shoes. Leather, this is
+
+249
+00:21:08,440 --> 00:21:11,420
+Description then classification dancing not
+
+250
+00:21:11,420 --> 00:21:16,540
+dancing leather shoes We have opinion before
+
+251
+00:21:16,540 --> 00:21:22,080
+description a wonderful a wonderful old house
+
+252
+00:21:22,080 --> 00:21:25,160
+Wonderful
+
+253
+00:21:25,160 --> 00:21:34,540
+old house wonderful is opinion Okay How about the
+
+254
+00:21:34,540 --> 00:21:39,960
+weather today I say it's fantastic Okay? It's
+
+255
+00:21:39,960 --> 00:21:44,000
+cool. It's hot. It's fine. So this is my opinion.
+
+256
+00:21:45,060 --> 00:21:49,940
+Okay? So we have opinion adjectives and
+
+257
+00:21:49,940 --> 00:21:53,040
+description adjectives. The opinion comes before
+
+258
+00:21:53,040 --> 00:21:54,320
+the description.
+
+259
+00:21:57,240 --> 00:22:01,640
+So we have words which refer to opinion like
+
+260
+00:22:01,640 --> 00:22:05,480
+lovely, definite, pure, absolute, extreme,
+
+261
+00:22:05,860 --> 00:22:11,660
+perfect, wonderful, silly. A lovely, cool drink. A
+
+262
+00:22:11,660 --> 00:22:16,960
+lovely, this is opinion, cool description.
+
+263
+00:22:18,580 --> 00:22:21,440
+So we cannot say a cool, lovely drink.
+
+264
+00:22:30,420 --> 00:22:33,860
+Now, the order of descriptive words is not
+
+265
+00:22:33,860 --> 00:22:39,390
+completely fixed. We have words for origin and
+
+266
+00:22:39,390 --> 00:22:43,330
+material usually come last. The words referring to
+
+267
+00:22:43,330 --> 00:22:47,730
+origin or material come last if you have a number
+
+268
+00:22:47,730 --> 00:22:51,530
+of adjectives modifying one noun. For example,
+
+269
+00:22:52,710 --> 00:22:57,410
+size, age, shape, color, origin, material. These
+
+270
+00:22:57,410 --> 00:23:02,550
+are adjectives pre-modifying one noun. So we call
+
+271
+00:23:02,550 --> 00:23:05,520
+them predicative or attributive. Attributive.
+
+272
+00:23:06,060 --> 00:23:10,840
+Attributive. A fat old horse.
+
+273
+00:23:13,840 --> 00:23:18,740
+Okay. A big new grey Italian woolen sweater boots.
+
+274
+00:23:19,560 --> 00:23:20,240
+Sorry, boots.
+
+275
+00:23:23,060 --> 00:23:27,840
+A big new grey Italian woolen sweater boots.
+
+276
+00:23:31,460 --> 00:23:37,440
+So they are classified as size, age, shape, color,
+
+277
+00:23:37,700 --> 00:23:41,660
+origin, material, which they describe one now,
+
+278
+00:23:41,880 --> 00:23:45,860
+boots. Okay? You have numbers.
+
+279
+00:23:48,940 --> 00:23:52,980
+The number can stand, as I mentioned previously,
+
+280
+00:23:53,060 --> 00:23:57,800
+as an adjective. Okay? At that sense, it must
+
+281
+00:23:57,800 --> 00:24:04,030
+precede the adjective itself. So, we have six
+
+282
+00:24:04,030 --> 00:24:08,210
+large eggs. We cannot say large six eggs. The
+
+283
+00:24:08,210 --> 00:24:12,550
+second big shock. You cannot say the big second
+
+284
+00:24:12,550 --> 00:24:16,710
+shock. Okay? So, if you have adjectives, you
+
+285
+00:24:16,710 --> 00:24:21,090
+start, always the number comes first. The first
+
+286
+00:24:21,090 --> 00:24:28,190
+three days. So, we have first three days. It is
+
+287
+00:24:28,190 --> 00:24:32,510
+more common than the three first days. So we start
+
+288
+00:24:32,510 --> 00:24:34,970
+with cardinal or ordinal number? Cardinal.
+
+289
+00:24:34,990 --> 00:24:38,450
+Cardinal number first, then ordinal number, which
+
+290
+00:24:38,450 --> 00:24:42,950
+they stand, both stand as adjectives. So if you
+
+291
+00:24:42,950 --> 00:24:45,850
+have two numbers, one cardinal and the second
+
+292
+00:24:45,850 --> 00:24:49,270
+ordinal, then we start with cardinal numbers,
+
+293
+00:24:49,550 --> 00:24:54,830
+which they appear as adjectives. Okay. My last two
+
+294
+00:24:54,830 --> 00:24:55,170
+jobs.
+
+295
+00:25:04,130 --> 00:25:08,230
+Now we come after explaining six types of
+
+296
+00:25:08,230 --> 00:25:11,870
+adjectives in English, we come to the adjectives
+
+297
+00:25:11,870 --> 00:25:16,270
+of Arabic. We've seen the order of adjectives that
+
+298
+00:25:16,270 --> 00:25:22,690
+is rule-based. We have systematic classification
+
+299
+00:25:22,690 --> 00:25:27,440
+for the adjectives in English. You see? So it is
+
+300
+00:25:27,440 --> 00:25:32,200
+rule-based system. Yani it is bound to rules, to
+
+301
+00:25:32,200 --> 00:25:35,980
+grammatical rules. You have to follow. Okay?
+
+302
+00:25:36,700 --> 00:25:41,440
+English? This is English. However, in Arabic, it
+
+303
+00:25:41,440 --> 00:25:44,420
+depends. There is no rule for the adjective in
+
+304
+00:25:44,420 --> 00:25:50,300
+Arabic. What we have is semantic rule relying on
+
+305
+00:25:50,300 --> 00:25:57,520
+the importance of the adjective. Okay? So
+
+306
+00:25:57,520 --> 00:26:00,960
+according to the, I mean, the adjectives here are
+
+307
+00:26:00,960 --> 00:26:05,060
+semantically and contextually ordered according to
+
+308
+00:26:05,060 --> 00:26:08,560
+their importance in the sentence. He is strong and
+
+309
+00:26:08,560 --> 00:26:09,000
+honest.
+
+310
+00:26:12,980 --> 00:26:17,000
+So the
+
+311
+00:26:17,000 --> 00:26:22,480
+most important description is القوي. Then it
+
+312
+00:26:22,480 --> 00:26:27,020
+comes, Al-Ameen. So we start with the most
+
+313
+00:26:27,020 --> 00:26:33,920
+important. It depends on the speaker. Okay? In
+
+314
+00:26:33,920 --> 00:26:39,100
+praising,
+
+315
+00:26:40,580 --> 00:26:48,120
+the adjectives start with those which denote
+
+316
+00:26:48,120 --> 00:26:48,720
+ethics.
+
+317
+00:26:55,340 --> 00:26:59,600
+We speak about praising. So this means that we
+
+318
+00:26:59,600 --> 00:27:03,660
+have to speak about or to describe things by using
+
+319
+00:27:03,660 --> 00:27:07,340
+ethical adjectives or adjectives denoting ethics.
+
+320
+00:27:08,000 --> 00:27:12,180
+So we start with these ethics or these adjectives
+
+321
+00:27:12,180 --> 00:27:14,380
+denoting ethics. Okay?
+
+322
+00:27:18,320 --> 00:27:22,860
+The ethical adjectives also rely on their
+
+323
+00:27:22,860 --> 00:27:28,180
+importance. So we either start with the first
+
+324
+00:27:28,180 --> 00:27:32,120
+ethical adjective or the second, the third. It
+
+325
+00:27:32,120 --> 00:27:36,300
+depends on the importance of the ethical
+
+326
+00:27:36,300 --> 00:27:36,880
+adjective.
+
+327
+00:27:40,740 --> 00:27:45,420
+Okay? He's a worshipper or paying, trustful and
+
+328
+00:27:45,420 --> 00:27:45,840
+charitable.
+
+329
+00:27:49,500 --> 00:28:02,080
+عبد مطيع صادق أمين متصدق So the most important
+
+330
+00:28:02,080 --> 00:28:07,600
+adjective is worshiper عابد مدامه عابد يقول أنا
+
+331
+00:28:07,600 --> 00:28:13,510
+بتوقع أنه يكون أمين يكون صادق يكون متصدق So this
+
+332
+00:28:13,510 --> 00:28:17,150
+is the most important. Then we have the other
+
+333
+00:28:17,150 --> 00:28:21,770
+ethical adjectives following one after another
+
+334
+00:28:21,770 --> 00:28:25,950
+according to their importance. This is what
+
+335
+00:28:25,950 --> 00:28:27,510
+appears in Arabic.
+
+336
+00:28:30,890 --> 00:28:36,670
+So in the Holy Quran, Surah At-Tawbah,
+
+337
+00:28:39,490 --> 00:28:44,150
+التائبون العابدون الحامدون السائحون الراقعون
+
+338
+00:28:44,150 --> 00:28:48,870
+الساجدون الآمرون بالمعروف وانهون عن المنكر
+
+339
+00:28:48,870 --> 00:28:55,110
+والحافظون لحدود الله وبشر المؤمنين how many types
+
+340
+00:28:55,110 --> 00:28:58,850
+of adjectives or how many adjectives appear in
+
+341
+00:28:58,850 --> 00:29:01,410
+this verse that describes only one noun we speak
+
+342
+00:29:01,410 --> 00:29:07,280
+about التائبون the repentants okay We have nine
+
+343
+00:29:07,280 --> 00:29:10,740
+adjectives starting with العبدون. The worship.
+
+344
+00:29:11,780 --> 00:29:16,400
+Yes, we start with التائبون. Yes. Okay, this is an
+
+345
+00:29:16,400 --> 00:29:25,940
+adjective. Then عبد, then حامد. Okay, then follows
+
+346
+00:29:25,940 --> 00:29:30,640
+the other adjectives. Okay, so we start Now we
+
+347
+00:29:30,640 --> 00:29:35,740
+have two choices for the order of adjectives in
+
+348
+00:29:35,740 --> 00:29:40,680
+Arabic. If you have a number of adjectives, it
+
+349
+00:29:40,680 --> 00:29:46,140
+depends on their importance. We speak about normal
+
+350
+00:29:46,140 --> 00:29:49,760
+adjectives. However, if you have adjectives
+
+351
+00:29:49,760 --> 00:29:55,000
+denoting ethics, manners, then we start with the
+
+352
+00:29:55,000 --> 00:29:59,310
+most important characteristic. followed by the
+
+353
+00:29:59,310 --> 00:30:03,590
+next important characteristic and end with the
+
+354
+00:30:03,590 --> 00:30:07,390
+least important characteristic. Okay? So, we have
+
+355
+00:30:07,390 --> 00:30:10,190
+what is called importance. According to the
+
+356
+00:30:10,190 --> 00:30:14,530
+importance of the adjective, we classify it in the
+
+357
+00:30:14,530 --> 00:30:18,530
+sentence. This is Arabic. However, in English, we
+
+358
+00:30:18,530 --> 00:30:24,600
+met with specific rules as we've seen. Okay? Yes.
+
+359
+00:30:26,780 --> 00:30:35,960
+You start with
+
+360
+00:30:35,960 --> 00:30:39,740
+the most generic adjective, then the most
+
+361
+00:30:39,740 --> 00:30:42,660
+specific. No, all of them are specific. They
+
+362
+00:30:42,660 --> 00:30:47,760
+modify one noun, okay? But the most important one
+
+363
+00:30:47,760 --> 00:30:51,960
+comes first. The most important for this guy is to
+
+364
+00:30:51,960 --> 00:30:58,060
+be repentant first. How it could be worshipper
+
+365
+00:30:58,060 --> 00:30:59,420
+without being repentant?
+
+366
+00:31:08,750 --> 00:31:14,190
+These are specific adjectives
+
+367
+00:31:14,190 --> 00:31:18,790
+denoting or describing one noun. All of them
+
+368
+00:31:18,790 --> 00:31:22,830
+modifying one noun. They are most important. They
+
+369
+00:31:22,830 --> 00:31:29,050
+are all specific. They modify the same person. But
+
+370
+00:31:29,050 --> 00:31:31,650
+we just classify them according to their
+
+371
+00:31:31,650 --> 00:31:36,190
+importance. So all of them are specific, not
+
+372
+00:31:36,190 --> 00:31:36,490
+generic.
+
+373
+00:31:43,190 --> 00:31:48,830
+It depends on the speaker. You decide. You as a
+
+374
+00:31:48,830 --> 00:31:51,390
+speaker, once you describe things, you start with
+
+375
+00:31:51,390 --> 00:31:55,070
+the most important thing from your own viewpoint.
+
+376
+00:31:56,630 --> 00:32:02,030
+You see? So, we have the speaker himself or the
+
+377
+00:32:02,030 --> 00:32:05,370
+subject himself or the doer of the action himself
+
+378
+00:32:05,370 --> 00:32:09,590
+who can decide. Okay, you are free to decide what
+
+379
+00:32:09,590 --> 00:32:13,450
+about the importance of the adjective or the
+
+380
+00:32:13,450 --> 00:32:16,670
+modifier. However, in English, you don't have any
+
+381
+00:32:16,670 --> 00:32:19,870
+rule. The language decides. We have rules to
+
+382
+00:32:19,870 --> 00:32:25,550
+follow. So English is rule-based system. It is a
+
+383
+00:32:25,550 --> 00:32:29,410
+rule-based system. It differs from Arabic. So once
+
+384
+00:32:29,410 --> 00:32:32,270
+you translate from Arabic to English, you have to
+
+385
+00:32:32,270 --> 00:32:35,710
+consider, you have to be very familiar with the
+
+386
+00:32:35,710 --> 00:32:40,410
+order of adjectives. Otherwise, you commit serious
+
+387
+00:32:40,410 --> 00:32:44,870
+errors resulting from Negative interference
+
+388
+00:32:44,870 --> 00:32:48,430
+because you are free in Arabic. Arabic is liberal
+
+389
+00:32:48,430 --> 00:32:51,670
+language. It's more liberal than English in the
+
+390
+00:32:51,670 --> 00:32:55,930
+field of the adjective order, okay? So you put the
+
+391
+00:32:55,930 --> 00:32:58,270
+adjective in English wherever you like and that
+
+392
+00:32:58,270 --> 00:33:03,710
+sense you commit a mistake resulting from Arabic.
+
+393
+00:33:04,290 --> 00:33:06,510
+So is it called interlingual error or
+
+394
+00:33:06,510 --> 00:33:14,630
+interlingual? Interlingual. Okay, you see? So
+
+395
+00:33:14,630 --> 00:33:20,490
+that's it for the chapter of adjectives. We now
+
+396
+00:33:20,490 --> 00:33:23,910
+would like to see some questions or some
+
+397
+00:33:23,910 --> 00:33:29,490
+presentations from you about teaching adjectives.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/R2zoZGhBP20.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1933 @@
+
+1
+00:00:13,900 --> 00:00:17,540
+Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Today inshallah we are
+
+2
+00:00:17,540 --> 00:00:20,700
+going to explain what's called adverbs in English.
+
+3
+00:00:21,620 --> 00:00:24,120
+We are going to compare between the adverbs of
+
+4
+00:00:24,120 --> 00:00:26,360
+English and the adverbs of Arabic to see the
+
+5
+00:00:26,360 --> 00:00:30,320
+points of negative interference and positive
+
+6
+00:00:30,320 --> 00:00:33,360
+interference at the same time. We need to see the
+
+7
+00:00:33,360 --> 00:00:36,200
+asymmetries and symmetries between the two
+
+8
+00:00:36,200 --> 00:00:40,560
+constructions in both languages. So adverbs of
+
+9
+00:00:40,560 --> 00:00:45,960
+English. The adverbs modify the verb and they also
+
+10
+00:00:45,960 --> 00:00:52,190
+modify the adjective. and they modify the adverb
+
+11
+00:00:52,190 --> 00:00:57,130
+the adverb modifies another adverb okay so he
+
+12
+00:00:57,130 --> 00:01:03,410
+drove slowly slowly here is an adverb it modifies
+
+13
+00:01:03,410 --> 00:01:11,170
+the verb he drove very fast a very fast car very
+
+14
+00:01:11,170 --> 00:01:17,640
+remodifies the adjective fast She moved quite
+
+15
+00:01:17,640 --> 00:01:24,560
+slowly. Slowly here, I mean quite, remodifies
+
+16
+00:01:24,560 --> 00:01:29,820
+another adverb slowly. Morphologically, the adverb
+
+17
+00:01:29,820 --> 00:01:35,200
+mostly ends in ly, okay? Almost ends in ly, but
+
+18
+00:01:35,200 --> 00:01:37,940
+not in all cases, okay?
+
+19
+00:01:43,830 --> 00:01:49,910
+So you have some adjectives and in ly as well. You
+
+20
+00:01:49,910 --> 00:01:54,070
+have lovely, lonely, motherly, friendly,
+
+21
+00:01:54,810 --> 00:01:58,870
+neighborly. These are adjectives. That lovely
+
+22
+00:01:58,870 --> 00:02:03,910
+child lives in a friendly neighborhood. So
+
+23
+00:02:03,910 --> 00:02:06,850
+friendly and lovely are not adverbs, they are
+
+24
+00:02:06,850 --> 00:02:08,230
+adjectives.
+
+25
+00:02:14,510 --> 00:02:22,090
+Okay, as you see. Now, the adverb modifies
+
+26
+00:02:22,090 --> 00:02:27,310
+the verb, modifies an adjective, and modifies
+
+27
+00:02:27,310 --> 00:02:30,690
+another adverb. Okay? We have what is called
+
+28
+00:02:30,690 --> 00:02:36,670
+adverb clause, adverb clause at the same time.
+
+29
+00:02:37,330 --> 00:02:41,410
+Okay? This represents a group of words that
+
+30
+00:02:41,410 --> 00:02:48,460
+contain a subject. and the verb here
+
+31
+00:02:48,460 --> 00:02:54,800
+the sentence like when this class is over when
+
+32
+00:02:54,800 --> 00:02:58,560
+this class is over we are going to the movies when
+
+33
+00:02:58,560 --> 00:03:03,060
+this class is over this is adverb close because it
+
+34
+00:03:03,060 --> 00:03:08,860
+contains a verb the verb here is is as you see the
+
+35
+00:03:08,860 --> 00:03:13,020
+verb is is the verb close in this construction
+
+36
+00:03:13,020 --> 00:03:16,160
+when this class is over we are going to the movies
+
+37
+00:03:16,160 --> 00:03:21,280
+here
+
+38
+00:03:21,280 --> 00:03:30,040
+once you have a phrase which doesn't contain a
+
+39
+00:03:30,040 --> 00:03:36,710
+subject then the verb acts as an adverb And at
+
+40
+00:03:36,710 --> 00:03:40,750
+that sense, it is referred to as adverbial phrase.
+
+41
+00:03:42,010 --> 00:03:42,150
+Okay?
+
+42
+00:03:47,850 --> 00:03:53,830
+We have adverbial phrases or adverbial clauses.
+
+43
+00:03:54,850 --> 00:03:57,810
+These take different forms, either a noun phrase
+
+44
+00:03:57,810 --> 00:04:02,630
+or preposition phrase at the same time. Here we
+
+45
+00:04:02,630 --> 00:04:06,910
+have, he went to the movies. to the movies is a
+
+46
+00:04:06,910 --> 00:04:11,130
+preposition phrase but it works as an adverbial
+
+47
+00:04:11,130 --> 00:04:15,290
+she works on holidays they lived in canada during
+
+48
+00:04:15,290 --> 00:04:19,210
+the war these
+
+49
+00:04:19,210 --> 00:04:23,850
+preposition phrases have the function or have
+
+50
+00:04:23,850 --> 00:04:28,410
+adverbial functions okay
+
+51
+00:04:28,410 --> 00:04:32,290
+we
+
+52
+00:04:32,290 --> 00:04:37,140
+have also the infinitive which works as an adverb.
+
+53
+00:04:38,580 --> 00:04:43,120
+It usually tells why. She headed to the mainland
+
+54
+00:04:43,120 --> 00:04:47,180
+to see her brother. To see her brother is an
+
+55
+00:04:47,180 --> 00:04:49,720
+adverbial clause.
+
+56
+00:04:51,680 --> 00:04:57,160
+It's to see, this is infinitive, okay, in order to
+
+57
+00:04:57,160 --> 00:05:02,920
+see. This is the answer of why. The senator ran to
+
+58
+00:05:02,920 --> 00:05:07,480
+catch the bus. Why did he run? In order to catch
+
+59
+00:05:07,480 --> 00:05:11,320
+or to catch the bus. So the infinitive works.
+
+60
+00:05:15,380 --> 00:05:19,520
+The infinitive
+
+61
+00:05:19,520 --> 00:05:19,840
+here
+
+62
+00:05:24,320 --> 00:05:28,760
+answers the question, why? So the adverbial clause
+
+63
+00:05:28,760 --> 00:05:32,780
+can be a noun phrase, can be a preposition phrase,
+
+64
+00:05:32,900 --> 00:05:38,300
+can be infinitive phrase as well. We still have
+
+65
+00:05:38,300 --> 00:05:41,460
+other kinds of adverbial phrases.
+
+66
+00:05:44,100 --> 00:05:48,160
+Okay, he calls his mother or his mom as often as
+
+67
+00:05:48,160 --> 00:05:53,120
+possible. as often as possible this is comparison
+
+68
+00:05:53,120 --> 00:05:57,240
+so this is positive degree that verb has
+
+69
+00:05:57,240 --> 00:05:59,940
+comparisons completely like the adjectives we have
+
+70
+00:05:59,940 --> 00:06:03,740
+positive degree comparative degree and superlative
+
+71
+00:06:03,740 --> 00:06:12,660
+degree okay now
+
+72
+00:06:12,660 --> 00:06:18,560
+you have here The adverbs which modify adjectives
+
+73
+00:06:18,560 --> 00:06:21,920
+as we mentioned, but the adjective cannot modify
+
+74
+00:06:21,920 --> 00:06:26,260
+an adverb. The adverb modifies the adjective, but
+
+75
+00:06:26,260 --> 00:06:33,500
+not vice versa. Okay? The students showed a really
+
+76
+00:06:33,500 --> 00:06:35,760
+wonderful, wonderful attitude.
+
+77
+00:06:38,340 --> 00:06:42,320
+The students showed a wonderfully casual attitude.
+
+78
+00:06:43,610 --> 00:06:47,790
+my professor is really tall but not he ran real
+
+79
+00:06:47,790 --> 00:06:52,410
+fast okay these three sentences really wonderful
+
+80
+00:06:52,410 --> 00:06:59,470
+wonderfully casual really tall are grammatical
+
+81
+00:06:59,470 --> 00:07:04,830
+sentences because the adverb modifies the
+
+82
+00:07:04,830 --> 00:07:08,970
+adjective but it's impossible to have the
+
+83
+00:07:08,970 --> 00:07:15,500
+adjective modifying the adverb he ran real fast is
+
+84
+00:07:15,500 --> 00:07:19,480
+that accepted but we can say he ran really fast
+
+85
+00:07:19,480 --> 00:07:24,200
+completely
+
+86
+00:07:24,200 --> 00:07:26,820
+like adjectives we have three degrees of
+
+87
+00:07:26,820 --> 00:07:31,020
+comparison either positive degree or comparative
+
+88
+00:07:31,020 --> 00:07:37,840
+degree or superlative degree okay the students or
+
+89
+00:07:37,840 --> 00:07:42,530
+walk faster if you want to keep up with me faster
+
+90
+00:07:42,530 --> 00:07:47,870
+this is an adverb if we say fast walk this is
+
+91
+00:07:47,870 --> 00:07:55,210
+adjective but walk fast this is an adverb okay the
+
+92
+00:07:55,210 --> 00:08:01,370
+student who reads fastest will finish first we use
+
+93
+00:08:01,370 --> 00:08:06,530
+also more or most or less or least this is for
+
+94
+00:08:06,530 --> 00:08:11,950
+comparative and superlative With sneakers on, she
+
+95
+00:08:11,950 --> 00:08:15,850
+could move more quickly among the patients. The
+
+96
+00:08:15,850 --> 00:08:18,250
+flowers were the most beautifully arranged
+
+97
+00:08:18,250 --> 00:08:23,990
+creation I've ever seen. Most beautifully, more
+
+98
+00:08:23,990 --> 00:08:28,390
+quickly. She worked less confidently after her
+
+99
+00:08:28,390 --> 00:08:31,750
+accident. She was the least skillfully done
+
+100
+00:08:31,750 --> 00:08:35,710
+performance I have seen in years. So these
+
+101
+00:08:35,710 --> 00:08:39,590
+represent the comparative degree and superlative
+
+102
+00:08:39,590 --> 00:08:43,490
+degree. Once we say most beautifully or least
+
+103
+00:08:43,490 --> 00:08:45,010
+skillfully.
+
+104
+00:08:46,910 --> 00:08:50,630
+Okay. We have also the positive degree for
+
+105
+00:08:50,630 --> 00:08:58,190
+adverbs. As fast as his sister, for example. Okay.
+
+106
+00:08:58,610 --> 00:09:00,330
+It represents what is called equality.
+
+107
+00:09:07,130 --> 00:09:13,190
+Now, we have a handful of adverbs. Some adverbs
+
+108
+00:09:13,190 --> 00:09:19,750
+have two forms, one which ends in ly and one that
+
+109
+00:09:19,750 --> 00:09:25,370
+doesn't end in ly. These two forms have
+
+110
+00:09:25,370 --> 00:09:30,870
+semantically two different meanings. Like, lately
+
+111
+00:09:30,870 --> 00:09:33,990
+he couldn't seem to be on time for anything.
+
+112
+00:09:35,860 --> 00:09:39,180
+lately, he couldn't seem to be on time for
+
+113
+00:09:39,180 --> 00:09:47,500
+anything. Okay? So this sentence differs from the
+
+114
+00:09:47,500 --> 00:09:51,600
+first sentence, he arrived late. Is it the same
+
+115
+00:09:51,600 --> 00:09:55,400
+meaning? Late and lately? So we have difference
+
+116
+00:09:55,400 --> 00:09:59,440
+meaning according to the position of adverb. Late
+
+117
+00:09:59,440 --> 00:10:03,460
+is an adverb and lately is another adverb, but
+
+118
+00:10:03,460 --> 00:10:07,040
+their position in the sentence Differentiate the
+
+119
+00:10:07,040 --> 00:10:07,340
+meaning.
+
+120
+00:10:10,800 --> 00:10:11,480
+Okay.
+
+121
+00:10:18,060 --> 00:10:23,340
+She certainly drives slow in that old pick of
+
+122
+00:10:23,340 --> 00:10:28,670
+hers. in that old buck of his. He did wrong by
+
+123
+00:10:28,670 --> 00:10:32,530
+here. He spoke sharp, quick, and to the point.
+
+124
+00:10:33,210 --> 00:10:37,870
+Slow, wrong, sharp, quick. These all together are
+
+125
+00:10:37,870 --> 00:10:43,330
+adverbs, but they do not take a Y. Okay? This is
+
+126
+00:10:43,330 --> 00:10:49,170
+for casual situations because he did wrong by
+
+127
+00:10:49,170 --> 00:10:53,620
+here. This is his custom. He spoke sharp, quick.
+
+128
+00:10:53,900 --> 00:10:56,840
+Again, he's accustomed to do that. So once you
+
+129
+00:10:56,840 --> 00:11:00,560
+refer to casual situations, you can use the adverb
+
+130
+00:11:00,560 --> 00:11:01,360
+without ly.
+
+131
+00:11:05,860 --> 00:11:11,400
+Now, speaking about adverbs, we have different
+
+132
+00:11:11,400 --> 00:11:14,100
+types of adverbs. We have what is called
+
+133
+00:11:14,100 --> 00:11:18,820
+intensifiers. which are of different types. We
+
+134
+00:11:18,820 --> 00:11:24,140
+have emphasizing or emphasizers, amplifiers, and
+
+135
+00:11:24,140 --> 00:11:29,940
+downtoners. These are intensifiers which represent
+
+136
+00:11:29,940 --> 00:11:34,400
+a category of adverbs. I really don't believe him.
+
+137
+00:11:35,780 --> 00:11:40,700
+I really don't believe him. This really refers to
+
+138
+00:11:41,950 --> 00:11:45,110
+Emphasizers. Here I emphasize the fact that I
+
+139
+00:11:45,110 --> 00:11:48,690
+don't believe him. He literally wrecked his
+
+140
+00:11:48,690 --> 00:11:54,230
+mother's car. Literally. I emphasize the action.
+
+141
+00:11:54,710 --> 00:11:59,930
+She simply ignored me. Simply. They are going to
+
+142
+00:11:59,930 --> 00:12:04,770
+be late for sure. So for sure, simply, literally,
+
+143
+00:12:05,530 --> 00:12:07,550
+really are emphasizers.
+
+144
+00:12:09,710 --> 00:12:13,370
+We have what is called amplifiers. The teacher
+
+145
+00:12:13,370 --> 00:12:17,010
+completely rejected her proposal. I absolutely
+
+146
+00:12:17,010 --> 00:12:21,330
+refused to attend anymore faculty meetings.
+
+147
+00:12:22,630 --> 00:12:30,250
+They heartily endorsed the new restaurant. I so
+
+148
+00:12:30,250 --> 00:12:34,010
+wanted to go with them. They heartily endorsed the
+
+149
+00:12:34,010 --> 00:12:39,850
+new restaurant. I so wanted to go with them. We
+
+150
+00:12:39,850 --> 00:12:44,830
+know this city well. So well, so, hardly,
+
+151
+00:12:45,610 --> 00:12:48,950
+absolutely, completely, these are amplifiers.
+
+152
+00:12:50,670 --> 00:12:53,010
+Okay? We call them amplifiers.
+
+153
+00:12:56,250 --> 00:13:02,170
+Now we come to what is called downtoners. I kind
+
+154
+00:13:02,170 --> 00:13:08,300
+of like this college. Reducers, okay? Joe sort of
+
+155
+00:13:08,300 --> 00:13:14,380
+felt betrayed by his sister, to somehow. His
+
+156
+00:13:14,380 --> 00:13:18,840
+mother mildly disapproved his action. We can
+
+157
+00:13:18,840 --> 00:13:23,160
+improve in this to some extent. The boss almost
+
+158
+00:13:23,160 --> 00:13:27,740
+quit after that. The school was all but ruined by
+
+159
+00:13:27,740 --> 00:13:33,560
+the storm. Not completely ruined. Okay? So this is
+
+160
+00:13:33,560 --> 00:13:38,470
+to reduce the action. It's called downtoners. So
+
+161
+00:13:38,470 --> 00:13:44,150
+we have kind, sort, mildly, almost, some extent,
+
+162
+00:13:44,990 --> 00:13:51,070
+all, but, et cetera. These three types are, I
+
+163
+00:13:51,070 --> 00:13:54,650
+mean, they emphasizes amplifiers, downtoners are
+
+164
+00:13:54,650 --> 00:13:58,530
+intensifiers.
+
+165
+00:14:00,390 --> 00:14:08,490
+Parts of adverbs. Now, As we mentioned, the adverb
+
+166
+00:14:08,490 --> 00:14:13,390
+modifies the verb. It also modifies the adjective
+
+167
+00:14:13,390 --> 00:14:17,690
+and modifies the adverb itself, another adverb.
+
+168
+00:14:18,150 --> 00:14:23,250
+She ran very fast. Here the word, the pre
+
+169
+00:14:23,250 --> 00:14:28,890
+modifier, very. Pre modifies another adverb, fast.
+
+170
+00:14:29,570 --> 00:14:32,950
+We're all going to run out of material all the
+
+171
+00:14:32,950 --> 00:14:41,420
+faster. Okay. All the faster. Again, we have all
+
+172
+00:14:41,420 --> 00:14:48,960
+pre-modifying faster. Another adverb. For adverbs,
+
+173
+00:14:49,080 --> 00:14:51,660
+as you are familiar of, we have different types.
+
+174
+00:14:51,820 --> 00:14:54,860
+We have adverbs of manner, adverbs of place,
+
+175
+00:14:55,500 --> 00:15:00,100
+adverbs of frequency, adverbs of time, adverbs of
+
+176
+00:15:00,100 --> 00:15:06,170
+purpose. She moved slowly and spoke quietly. This
+
+177
+00:15:06,170 --> 00:15:11,650
+is Manar. She moved slowly and spoke quietly.
+
+178
+00:15:16,290 --> 00:15:17,130
+Okay.
+
+179
+00:15:21,110 --> 00:15:27,910
+She has lived on the island all her life. We speak
+
+180
+00:15:27,910 --> 00:15:32,210
+about a place on the island. This is an adverb of
+
+181
+00:15:32,950 --> 00:15:36,590
+Place. She still lives there now. There refers
+
+182
+00:15:36,590 --> 00:15:41,690
+also to place. So we call it adverb of place. We
+
+183
+00:15:41,690 --> 00:15:47,250
+have adverb of frequency. She takes the boat to
+
+184
+00:15:47,250 --> 00:15:51,570
+the mainland every day. She often goes by herself.
+
+185
+00:15:52,590 --> 00:15:57,910
+So go often every day. It refers to the frequent
+
+186
+00:15:57,910 --> 00:16:02,440
+times or say the frequency adverb. We have adverbs
+
+187
+00:16:02,440 --> 00:16:07,800
+of time. She tries to get back before dark.
+
+188
+00:16:08,220 --> 00:16:13,300
+Before. It's starting to get dark now. Now. She
+
+189
+00:16:13,300 --> 00:16:18,560
+finished her tea first. First. She left early. Now
+
+190
+00:16:18,560 --> 00:16:24,400
+we have these four adverbs, early, first, now,
+
+191
+00:16:24,680 --> 00:16:29,040
+before, are considered as adverbs of time because
+
+192
+00:16:29,040 --> 00:16:34,360
+they refer to time. We have purpose, adverbs of
+
+193
+00:16:34,360 --> 00:16:40,640
+purpose, okay? To answer why. She drives her boat
+
+194
+00:16:40,640 --> 00:16:45,100
+slowly to avoid hitting the rocks. Avoid, to avoid
+
+195
+00:16:45,100 --> 00:16:48,080
+hitting the rocks is the answer. It is the
+
+196
+00:16:48,080 --> 00:16:53,320
+purpose. She shops in several stores to get the
+
+197
+00:16:53,320 --> 00:16:58,560
+best buys. To get the best buys is another
+
+198
+00:16:58,560 --> 00:16:59,440
+adverbial
+
+199
+00:17:02,420 --> 00:17:07,300
+phrase beginning with infinitive as you see. So
+
+200
+00:17:07,300 --> 00:17:10,460
+the infinitive itself stands as an adverbial
+
+20
+
+223
+00:18:54,490 --> 00:19:00,550
+frequency. Okay? So the adverb directly precedes
+
+224
+00:19:00,550 --> 00:19:05,170
+the lexical verb in the sentence. The adverb of
+
+225
+00:19:05,170 --> 00:19:09,890
+frequency directly precedes the lexical verb in
+
+226
+00:19:09,890 --> 00:19:13,430
+the sentence. I never get up. It comes also
+
+227
+00:19:13,430 --> 00:19:18,580
+between the auxiliary verb and the lexical verb. I 
+
+228
+00:19:18,580 --> 00:19:22,700
+have rarely written to my brother without a good
+
+229
+00:19:22,700 --> 00:19:28,460
+reason. Have written. So we have rarely an adverb
+
+230
+00:19:28,460 --> 00:19:32,320
+of frequency in between the auxiliary and the 
+
+231
+00:19:32,320 --> 00:19:33,100
+lexical verb.
+
+232
+00:19:36,800 --> 00:19:42,320
+Also it is used or it precedes the verb used or 
+
+233
+00:19:42,320 --> 00:19:47,830
+used to. Okay? I always used to see him at his
+
+234
+00:19:47,830 --> 00:19:48,490
+summer home.
+
+235
+00:19:52,130 --> 00:19:59,650
+Okay. We can say I am always used to seeing him at
+
+236
+00:19:59,650 --> 00:20:08,130
+summer homes. Okay. I used to this is a habit that
+
+237
+00:20:08,130 --> 00:20:13,350
+happened in the past. Where to be M is R plus used
+
+238
+00:20:13,350 --> 00:20:23,740
+to plus gerund. This is a custom or a habit which 
+
+239
+00:20:23,740 --> 00:20:30,980
+is present, the present habit. In both cases, we 
+
+240
+00:20:30,980 --> 00:20:36,340
+have the adverb of frequency preceding used to and 
+
+241
+00:20:36,340 --> 00:20:40,240
+comes in between the preposition, the verb to be 
+
+242
+00:20:40,240 --> 00:20:45,450
+and used. Okay. In case of having, I am usually 
+
+243
+00:20:45,450 --> 00:20:50,850
+used to. He finally showed up for batting 
+
+244
+00:20:50,850 --> 00:20:54,790
+practice. You say showed up. This is a verb, 
+
+245
+00:20:54,930 --> 00:20:58,430
+lexical verb. So we have the adverb preceding or 
+
+246
+00:20:58,430 --> 00:21:01,510
+directly preceding it. She has recently retired.
+
+247
+00:21:01,950 --> 00:21:05,690
+We have auxiliary verb, has. Then we have retired. 
+
+248
+00:21:06,210 --> 00:21:08,730
+So the adverb comes in between.
+
+249
+00:21:16,840 --> 00:21:20,880
+Okay, if we translate these sentences, I never get 
+
+250
+00:21:20,880 --> 00:21:25,260
+up before nine o'clock.
+
+251
+00:21:26,220 --> 00:21:33,720
+Who could translate it? I never get up before nine
+
+252
+00:21:33,720 --> 00:21:34,100
+o'clock.
+
+253
+00:21:45,230 --> 00:21:54,130
+أبدا لم أستيقظ قبل التاسعة أبدا 
+
+254
+00:21:54,130 --> 00:21:57,190
+لم
+
+255
+00:21:57,190 --> 00:22:03,950
+أستيقظ قبل التاسعة which is better لم أستيقظ أبدا
+
+256
+00:22:03,950 --> 00:22:11,250
+قبل التاسعة okay now أنا لم أستيقظ أبدا قبل
+
+257
+00:22:11,250 --> 00:22:14,350
+التاسعة okay
+
+258
+00:22:15,520 --> 00:22:19,340
+لم أستيقظ أبدا قبل التاسعة. Arabic differs from 
+
+259
+00:22:19,340 --> 00:22:23,540
+English. We have what is called the small brew. 
+
+260
+00:22:24,520 --> 00:22:29,960
+Small brew means the drop of the subject. ضمير 
+
+261
+00:22:29,960 --> 00:22:34,720
+الفاعل، الغال، ضمير الفاعل، الفاعل ضمير مستتر 
+
+262
+00:22:34,720 --> 00:22:41,120
+تقديره هو لم أستيقظ أبدا. Okay لم أستيقظ أبدا. 
+
+263
+00:22:41,160 --> 00:22:46,100
+Where's the subject? Okay, so the subject is 
+
+264
+00:22:46,100 --> 00:22:50,080
+called in English here small brew small brew. This
+
+265
+00:22:50,080 --> 00:22:54,300
+is available in brew drop languages Arabic is brew
+
+266
+00:22:54,300 --> 00:22:57,540
+drop language. Yani it drops the subject However, 
+
+267
+00:22:57,660 --> 00:23:02,180
+English is non drop is non brew drop language. The
+
+268
+00:23:02,180 --> 00:23:07,900
+subject must be available in the sentence Okay so 
+
+269
+00:23:07,900 --> 00:23:12,200
+having the adverb at the beginning of is quite 
+
+270
+00:23:12,200 --> 00:23:21,900
+dodgy is quite not acceptable okay is less
+
+271
+00:23:21,900 --> 00:23:29,680
+adequate than the sentence which says okay 
+
+272
+00:23:29,680 --> 00:23:36,300
+so it depends on your intuition to see whether 
+
+273
+00:23:36,300 --> 00:23:40,120
+this sentence is accepted or not okay 
+
+274
+00:23:43,320 --> 00:23:47,360
+I finally showed up for batting practice. She has
+
+275
+00:23:47,360 --> 00:23:49,700
+recently retired. Okay. 
+
+276
+00:23:52,920 --> 00:23:54,900
+She has recently retired.
+
+277
+00:23:58,200 --> 00:24:02,460
+I have rarely written to my brother without a good
+
+278
+00:24:02,460 --> 00:24:05,760
+reason. Who could translate it? I have rarely 
+
+279
+00:24:05,760 --> 00:24:09,100
+written to my brother without a good reason.
+
+280
+00:24:15,310 --> 00:24:19,790
+I have rarely written to my brother.
+
+281
+00:24:31,690 --> 00:24:36,470
+So, Nadiran is an adverb coming sentence initially 
+
+282
+00:24:36,470 --> 00:24:42,680
+in Arabic. It can be لم أكتب لأخي I can't say for
+
+283
+00:24:42,680 --> 00:24:49,520
+example, I have
+
+284
+00:24:49,520 --> 00:24:53,000
+rarely written to my brother without a good 
+
+285
+00:24:53,000 --> 00:24:53,460
+reason. 
+
+286
+00:24:59,540 --> 00:25:02,840
+So, in order to have sense for the sentence or for
+
+287
+00:25:02,840 --> 00:25:06,950
+the translation, You have to have the adverb at
+
+288
+00:25:06,950 --> 00:25:10,310
+the beginning of the sentence. Okay? So you see,
+
+289
+00:25:10,430 --> 00:25:13,050
+it seems that the position of the adverb in Arabic 
+
+290
+00:25:13,050 --> 00:25:17,070
+differs from the adverb in English. So every
+
+291
+00:25:17,070 --> 00:25:24,070
+adverb has its own position in Arabic. Okay? She's 
+
+292
+00:25:24,070 --> 00:25:33,210
+recently retired. لقد استقالت مؤخرا We can say
+
+293
+00:25:34,970 --> 00:25:40,010
+استقالت او مؤخرا استقالت مؤخرا استقالت is not 
+
+294
+00:25:40,010 --> 00:25:44,550
+accepted in Arabic okay لك ده استقالت مؤخرا مؤخرا
+
+295
+00:25:44,550 --> 00:25:48,450
+here we have the verb مؤخرا the adverb مؤخرا comes 
+
+296
+00:25:48,450 --> 00:25:55,450
+finally so 
+
+297
+00:25:55,450 --> 00:26:01,610
+they differ now i said the adverbial clauses can
+
+298
+00:26:01,610 --> 00:26:06,720
+be preposition phrase can be infinitive phrase can 
+
+299
+00:26:06,720 --> 00:26:11,740
+be a noun phrase okay once 
+
+300
+00:26:11,740 --> 00:26:18,100
+you translate I came very quickly to the class I
+
+301
+00:26:18,100 --> 00:26:24,020
+came very quickly to the class قتيت بسرعة إلى 
+
+302
+00:26:24,020 --> 00:26:30,500
+الفصل بسرعة what do you call it in Arabic 
+
+303
+00:26:30,500 --> 00:26:35,790
+preposition phrase which stands for what is called
+
+304
+00:26:35,790 --> 00:26:40,270
+حال in Arabic preposition 
+
+305
+00:26:40,270 --> 00:26:46,610
+phrase بسرعة جاروة مجرور and the sentence okay
+
+306
+00:26:46,610 --> 00:26:53,070
+represents حال in Arabic يعني شبه الجملة في محل
+
+307
+00:26:53,070 --> 00:26:58,870
+نصب حال حال means advert okay
+
+308
+00:27:00,390 --> 00:27:03,510
+Now, if you have more than one adverb in the 
+
+309
+00:27:03,510 --> 00:27:07,650
+sentence, what could you do? Do you have specific
+
+310
+00:27:07,650 --> 00:27:12,630
+order for the adverbs in English? Like the
+
+311
+00:27:12,630 --> 00:27:17,610
+adjectives as we've seen. Yes, we have specific 
+
+312
+00:27:17,610 --> 00:27:24,770
+order. We have the verb first of all. followed by
+
+313
+00:27:24,770 --> 00:27:30,610
+adverb of manner, place, frequency, time, purpose.
+
+314
+00:27:31,810 --> 00:27:36,810
+So we have manner followed by place, then
+
+315
+00:27:36,810 --> 00:27:43,770
+frequency, then time, then purpose. Beth swims
+
+316
+00:27:43,770 --> 00:27:48,190
+enthusiastically in the pool every morning before 
+
+317
+00:27:48,190 --> 00:27:54,690
+dawn to keep in shape. Swims enthusiastically.
+
+318
+00:27:54,970 --> 00:27:58,930
+This is enthusiastically, this is manner. In the 
+
+319
+00:27:58,930 --> 00:28:06,050
+pool. Place. Every morning. Before dawn. To keep
+
+320
+00:28:06,050 --> 00:28:13,310
+in shape. Purpose. Okay, so once you translate it 
+
+321
+00:28:13,310 --> 00:28:17,630
+into Arabic, what could you say? Once you
+
+322
+00:28:17,630 --> 00:28:18,710
+translate it into Arabic?
+
+323
+00:28:25,550 --> 00:28:28,670
+If you could translate it, translate the sentence
+
+324
+00:28:28,670 --> 00:28:29,450
+into Arabic.
+
+325
+00:28:35,410 --> 00:28:39,090
+Beth swims enthusiastically in the pool every 
+
+326
+00:28:39,090 --> 00:28:41,910
+morning before dawn to keep in shape.
+
+327
+00:28:47,270 --> 00:28:52,470
+Yes? Go ahead. He swims enthusiastically every
+
+328
+00:28:52,470 --> 00:28:56,820
+morning before dawn to keep in shape. Beth is 
+
+329
+00:28:56,820 --> 00:29:07,100
+always used to swim enthusiastically in the pool 
+
+330
+00:29:07,100 --> 00:29:15,920
+every morning before dawn to keep fit or in shape. 
+
+331
+00:29:16,860 --> 00:29:22,200
+Beth swims enthusiastically in the pool every
+
+332
+00:29:22,200 --> 00:29:25,600
+morning before dawn to keep in shape. Remember
+
+333
+00:29:25,600 --> 00:29:28,780
+that once we spoke about adjectives, we mentioned 
+
+334
+00:29:28,780 --> 00:29:31,300
+that the adjectives can be classified within the 
+
+335
+00:29:31,300 --> 00:29:34,260
+same sentence according to what is called
+
+336
+00:29:34,260 --> 00:29:35,920
+importance. 
+
+337
+00:29:37,320 --> 00:29:41,240
+And the most important adjective comes first. Do
+
+338
+00:29:41,240 --> 00:29:45,440
+you have the same system for the adverbs? Beth
+
+339
+00:29:45,440 --> 00:29:50,740
+swims enthusiastically in the pool every morning
+
+340
+00:29:50,740 --> 00:29:53,060
+before dawn to keep in shape. 
+
+341
+00:29:57,660 --> 00:30:05,240
+So you have the adverbs classified according to 
+
+342
+00:30:05,240 --> 00:30:08,450
+their positions in the sentence in Arabic. Okay, 
+
+343
+00:30:08,970 --> 00:30:12,510
+starting with manner, as you see, then you have
+
+344
+00:30:12,510 --> 00:30:20,870
+the place, then frequency, then time, then shape. 
+
+345
+00:30:21,270 --> 00:30:25,590
+But these or this order is not systematic. It is
+
+346
+00:30:25,590 --> 00:30:29,270
+elastic. Arabic is liberal language as we 
+
+347
+00:30:29,270 --> 00:30:37,930
+explained. Maybe I can translate. يسبح بث في 
+
+348
+00:30:37,930 --> 00:30:44,850
+البركة بحماس كل صباح قبل الفجر ليحافظ على رشقة
+
+349
+00:30:44,850 --> 00:30:54,070
+يسبح بث في البركة كل صباح قبل الفجر بحماس لكي 
+
+350
+00:30:54,070 --> 00:31:00,010
+يحافظ على رشقة so we use the adverb of manner in
+
+351
+00:31:00,010 --> 00:31:05,950
+different places okay it depends on the structure 
+
+352
+00:31:05,950 --> 00:31:09,430
+of the language. English is a very specific 
+
+353
+00:31:09,430 --> 00:31:13,570
+language. It's very strict. It has its own strict 
+
+354
+00:31:13,570 --> 00:31:18,850
+system that you cannot skip. 
+
+355
+00:31:19,150 --> 00:31:23,430
+You have to respect this system, the order of 
+
+356
+00:31:23,430 --> 00:31:26,830
+adverbs, starting with manner, then place, 
+
+357
+00:31:27,370 --> 00:31:32,070
+frequency, time, purpose. Okay? This is the word 
+
+358
+00:31:32,070 --> 00:31:36,450
+order of adverbs. in English. However, in Arabic, 
+
+359
+00:31:36,670 --> 00:31:40,650
+Arabic is more liberal language. Okay? So the 
+
+360
+00:31:40,650 --> 00:31:43,090
+movement of the adverb from one position to 
+
+361
+00:31:43,090 --> 00:31:44,810
+another is accepted.
+
+362
+00:31:48,090 --> 00:31:51,890
+Because the adverbs in Arabic are more floating
+
+363
+00:31:51,890 --> 00:31:59,050
+than in English. Okay? Dad walks impatiently in
+
+364
+00:31:59,050 --> 00:32:02,910
+the town every afternoon before supper to get a 
+
+365
+00:32:02,910 --> 00:32:07,590
+newspaper. that walks impatiently. What do you 
+
+366
+00:32:07,590 --> 00:32:13,050
+call impatiently? Manar. Into town. Place. Every
+
+367
+00:32:13,050 --> 00:32:18,110
+afternoon. Before supper. To get a newspaper.
+
+368
+00:32:19,550 --> 00:32:23,850
+Tushinda naps in her room every morning before 
+
+369
+00:32:23,850 --> 00:32:24,330
+lunch. 
+
+370
+00:32:27,170 --> 00:32:29,870
+Naps in her room. In her room. What do you call 
+
+371
+00:32:29,870 --> 00:32:35,360
+this place? Every morning. Frequency before lunch 
+
+372
+00:32:35,360 --> 00:32:39,620
+the same order the same order. We don't have
+
+373
+00:32:39,620 --> 00:32:49,600
+purpose here. Okay The 
+
+374
+00:32:49,600 --> 00:32:53,860
+general principle the general principle for the
+
+375
+00:32:53,860 --> 00:32:59,600
+adverbs Is that the shorter adverbial phrases 
+
+376
+00:33:00,440 --> 00:33:04,880
+precede longer adverbial phrases in English. This
+
+377
+00:33:04,880 --> 00:33:06,440
+is regardless of the content. 
+
+378
+00:33:09,280 --> 00:33:11,800
+We have here in the following sentences the
+
+379
+00:33:11,800 --> 00:33:15,200
+adverbial or the adverb of time precedes the
+
+380
+00:33:15,200 --> 00:33:19,960
+adverb of frequency because it is shorter. You
+
+381
+00:33:19,960 --> 00:33:25,280
+know that the frequency adverb comes before Time, 
+
+382
+00:33:25,580 --> 00:33:29,540
+but here the time adverb comes before frequency 
+
+383
+00:33:29,540 --> 00:33:34,580
+because it is shorter. Dad takes a brisk walk 
+
+384
+00:33:34,580 --> 00:33:39,820
+before breakfast every day of his life. Every day
+
+385
+00:33:39,820 --> 00:33:45,320
+of his life is frequency. Before breakfast, this
+
+386
+00:33:45,320 --> 00:33:49,380
+is time. But before breakfast is shorter than the
+
+387
+00:33:49,380 --> 00:33:52,020
+other sentence, so it comes first. 
+
+388
+00:33:55,430 --> 00:34:02,830
+A second principle of 
+
+389
+00:34:02,830 --> 00:34:06,910
+adverbs like manner, place, or frequency, etc., 
+
+390
+00:34:06,910 --> 00:34:10,250
+the more specific adverbial phrase comes first. 
+
+391
+00:34:10,950 --> 00:34:15,630
+The more important one comes first. My grandmother 
+
+392
+00:34:15,630 --> 00:34:21,370
+was born in a sod house on the plains of northern
+
+393
+00:34:21,370 --> 00:34:23,350
+Nebraska.
+
+394
+00:34:25,180 --> 00:34:30,360
+My grandmother was born in a sod house. This is 
+
+395
+00:34:30,360 --> 00:34:34,360
+the most important adverb. On the plains of
+
+396
+00:34:34,360 --> 00:34:38,440
+northern Nebraska. Okay? So we take the most
+
+397
+00:34:38,440 --> 00:34:42,600
+important to be the beginning. Okay? To be in the 
+
+398
+00:34:42,600 --> 00:34:48,180
+beginning. We have now for normal sentences, we
+
+399
+00:34:48,180 --> 00:34:52,900
+have a certain order. that is manner, place,
+
+400
+00:34:53,060 --> 00:34:57,760
+frequency, time, purpose. However, in adverbial 
+
+401
+00:34:57,760 --> 00:35:02,740
+phrases, we take the shorter adverbial phrase to
+
+402
+00:35:02,740 --> 00:35:05,720
+be in the beginning followed by the longer
+
+403
+00:35:07,640 --> 00:35:10,800
+adverbial clause also we can take the most 
+
+404
+00:35:10,800 --> 00:35:14,780
+specific adverb to be at the beginning as appears 
+
+405
+00:35:14,780 --> 00:35:18,320
+in the sentence my grandmother was born in a sod
+
+406
+00:35:18,320 --> 00:35:23,720
+house on the plains of northern Nebraska okay she
+
+407
+00:35:23,720 --> 00:35:28,540
+promised to meet him for lunch next Tuesday for 
+
+408
+00:35:28,540 --> 00:35:35,100
+lunch this is an adverbial phrase Next Tuesday 
+
+409
+00:35:35,100 --> 00:35:38,220
+another adverb will close. So we take the shorter 
+
+410
+00:35:38,220 --> 00:35:50,640
+one to be at the beginning for lunch Okay Now
+
+411
+00:35:50,640 --> 00:35:56,420
+we can have what is called focus and you move the 
+
+412
+00:35:56,420 --> 00:36:00,330
+adverbs to the beginning of the sentence and to 
+
+413
+00:36:00,330 --> 00:36:04,510
+the beginning of the sentence in case of having 
+
+414
+00:36:04,510 --> 00:36:08,130
+what was called special emphasis or laying special 
+
+415
+00:36:08,130 --> 00:36:13,610
+emphasis on the adverb. Slowly, ever so carefully, 
+
+416
+00:36:14,310 --> 00:36:20,43
+
+445
+00:38:27,220 --> 00:38:31,460
+followed by a comma. When I say, for example,
+
+446
+00:38:32,280 --> 00:38:37,480
+strictly speaking, linguistics is a very, very
+
+447
+00:38:37,480 --> 00:38:44,340
+beneficial science. Linguistics is a very nice
+
+448
+00:38:44,340 --> 00:38:50,520
+science. Syntax is the most important science in
+
+449
+00:38:50,520 --> 00:38:54,580
+linguistics. Okay, I say for example strictly
+
+450
+00:38:54,580 --> 00:38:58,800
+speaking, linguistically speaking, medically
+
+451
+00:38:58,800 --> 00:39:02,860
+speaking, geographically speaking, GIS is very
+
+452
+00:39:02,860 --> 00:39:07,500
+important subject. okay so if you have
+
+453
+00:39:07,500 --> 00:39:10,620
+linguistically speaking geographically speaking
+
+454
+00:39:10,620 --> 00:39:15,230
+strictly speaking This is called disjunct. It must
+
+455
+00:39:15,230 --> 00:39:19,910
+be followed by a comma. However, the adjunct does
+
+456
+00:39:19,910 --> 00:39:24,350
+not have a comma. It's an adverb that stands at
+
+457
+00:39:24,350 --> 00:39:27,310
+the beginning or in the middle or at the end of
+
+458
+00:39:27,310 --> 00:39:31,290
+the sentence without changing the meaning except
+
+459
+00:39:31,290 --> 00:39:35,930
+only in certain cases like the example of late and
+
+460
+00:39:35,930 --> 00:39:38,630
+lately which we mentioned at the beginning of the
+
+461
+00:39:38,630 --> 00:39:43,840
+class. We have what is called conjunct. That is
+
+462
+00:39:43,840 --> 00:39:48,500
+the conjunctions, the connectors, the
+
+463
+00:39:48,500 --> 00:39:52,700
+coordinators, okay? The conjunctions which join
+
+464
+00:39:52,700 --> 00:39:57,040
+between sentences, between simple sentences. These
+
+465
+00:39:57,040 --> 00:40:04,360
+are characterized by having commas, either before
+
+466
+00:40:04,360 --> 00:40:08,080
+or after. It depends on the connector itself.
+
+467
+00:40:13,070 --> 00:40:18,070
+Frankly, Martha, I don't get, I don't give a hoot.
+
+468
+00:40:18,890 --> 00:40:24,150
+Frankly. What do you call this? Disjunct. At the
+
+469
+00:40:24,150 --> 00:40:28,470
+beginning, it is followed by a comma. Frankly. I
+
+470
+00:40:28,470 --> 00:40:33,670
+say frankly speaking. Fortunately, no one was
+
+471
+00:40:33,670 --> 00:40:39,370
+hurt. Disjunct. It is followed by a comma. He came
+
+472
+00:40:39,370 --> 00:40:48,800
+very quickly to the class. Adjunct Okay As soon as
+
+473
+00:40:48,800 --> 00:40:53,360
+he entered the class he started the lecture as
+
+474
+00:40:53,360 --> 00:41:04,980
+soon as this is conjunct Okay If
+
+475
+00:41:04,980 --> 00:41:09,040
+they start smoking those awful cigars then I am
+
+476
+00:41:09,040 --> 00:41:14,780
+not staying then Conjunct. We've told the landlord
+
+477
+00:41:14,780 --> 00:41:18,820
+about the ceiling again and again and yet he
+
+478
+00:41:18,820 --> 00:41:25,740
+doesn't he does he is he has he's done nothing to
+
+479
+00:41:25,740 --> 00:41:32,520
+fix it yet conjunct nevertheless it is conjunct
+
+480
+00:41:32,520 --> 00:41:39,480
+however yes for
+
+481
+00:41:39,480 --> 00:41:44,550
+the adverbs We have what was called viewpoint
+
+482
+00:41:44,550 --> 00:41:53,710
+adverb, okay? These are agents, okay?
+
+483
+00:41:56,690 --> 00:42:03,570
+We have them available after the noun, if you
+
+484
+00:42:03,570 --> 00:42:08,750
+speak about the viewpoint, okay?
+
+485
+00:42:12,510 --> 00:42:15,130
+and also they are related to the adjective which
+
+486
+00:42:15,130 --> 00:42:19,650
+precedes the noun a successful athletic team is
+
+487
+00:42:19,650 --> 00:42:24,010
+often a good team scholastically scholastically
+
+488
+00:42:24,010 --> 00:42:29,150
+this comes at the sentence final position okay so
+
+489
+00:42:29,150 --> 00:42:34,770
+it is an adverb but
+
+490
+00:42:34,770 --> 00:42:40,110
+once I say scholastically a successful athletic
+
+491
+00:42:40,110 --> 00:42:46,470
+team is often a good team It becomes this junk. It
+
+492
+00:42:46,470 --> 00:42:50,870
+must be followed by a comma. When I say athlete,
+
+493
+00:42:51,070 --> 00:42:55,510
+it means sport.
+
+494
+00:42:56,610 --> 00:43:02,510
+Investing all our money in snowmobiles was
+
+495
+00:43:02,510 --> 00:43:07,350
+probably not a sound idea financially. Financially
+
+496
+00:43:07,350 --> 00:43:12,670
+is an adverb. What do you call it? Agent. Okay, it
+
+497
+00:43:12,670 --> 00:43:17,300
+is an agent. It is written without a comma. It is
+
+498
+00:43:17,300 --> 00:43:20,800
+part of the sentence. Now, if you omit it, you
+
+499
+00:43:20,800 --> 00:43:25,440
+change the meaning. However, for the disjunct, if
+
+500
+00:43:25,440 --> 00:43:28,880
+it is omitted, it doesn't change the meaning.
+
+501
+00:43:29,500 --> 00:43:35,680
+Okay? Yes? The first time, the adjunct?
+
+502
+00:43:39,660 --> 00:43:43,200
+Okay. These are adjuncts once we spoke about
+
+503
+00:43:43,200 --> 00:43:47,420
+scholastically or financially. Okay. We have lots
+
+504
+00:43:47,420 --> 00:43:49,080
+of examples.
+
+505
+00:43:54,520 --> 00:44:01,160
+I say, for example, he sometimes attends my
+
+506
+00:44:01,160 --> 00:44:07,040
+classes very attentively. And some other times he
+
+507
+00:44:07,040 --> 00:44:15,760
+gets absent. Okay? Attentively. It's an agent. It
+
+508
+00:44:15,760 --> 00:44:21,660
+is in the middle of the sentence. Sometimes it's
+
+509
+00:44:21,660 --> 00:44:24,500
+an agent. Once you write sometimes in the
+
+510
+00:44:24,500 --> 00:44:28,360
+sentence, do you use commas? This is an agent.
+
+511
+00:44:28,880 --> 00:44:33,220
+Okay? He always looks for liberating his country.
+
+512
+00:44:34,300 --> 00:44:40,980
+Always. Adjunct. Okay, the adjunct is an adverb
+
+513
+00:44:40,980 --> 00:44:45,220
+that stands in different forms either in manner
+
+514
+00:44:45,220 --> 00:44:51,660
+form or place, time, frequency, etc. However, the
+
+515
+00:44:51,660 --> 00:44:55,200
+disjunct begins in the beginning of the sentence
+
+516
+00:44:55,200 --> 00:44:59,690
+and must be followed by a comma. it if it is
+
+517
+00:44:59,690 --> 00:45:03,430
+omitted does not change the meaning but if you
+
+518
+00:45:03,430 --> 00:45:07,710
+change or if you omit the adjunct you change the
+
+519
+00:45:07,710 --> 00:45:11,290
+meaning or sometimes you violate the meaning you
+
+520
+00:45:11,290 --> 00:45:15,210
+violate the sentence okay the conjunct is
+
+521
+00:45:15,210 --> 00:45:18,890
+different it's a conjunction that joins between
+
+522
+00:45:18,890 --> 00:45:22,650
+the parts of the sentence okay
+
+523
+00:45:24,720 --> 00:45:28,620
+So a successful athletic team is often a good team
+
+524
+00:45:28,620 --> 00:45:34,300
+scholastically. Scholastically this is an adjunct
+
+525
+00:45:34,300 --> 00:45:38,400
+it's an adverb as you see financially is the same
+
+526
+00:45:38,400 --> 00:45:44,120
+okay next time we are going to continue with
+
+527
+00:45:44,120 --> 00:45:49,100
+adverbs and to speak more about Arabic And we are
+
+528
+00:45:49,100 --> 00:45:53,180
+going to shift to what is called teaching or games
+
+529
+00:45:53,180 --> 00:45:55,940
+for teaching adverbs, English adverbs to your
+
+530
+00:45:55,940 --> 00:46:01,620
+classes. I need you to prepare some games to show
+
+531
+00:46:01,620 --> 00:46:05,980
+how could we teach adverbs to our students next
+
+532
+00:46:05,980 --> 00:46:09,000
+time. So be ready for discussion next time. Thank
+
+533
+00:46:09,000 --> 00:46:09,580
+you for today. 

PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/R2zoZGhBP20_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2132 @@
+1
+00:00:13,900 --> 00:00:17,540
+Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Today inshallah we are
+
+2
+00:00:17,540 --> 00:00:20,700
+going to explain what's called adverbs in English.
+
+3
+00:00:21,620 --> 00:00:24,120
+We are going to compare between the adverbs of
+
+4
+00:00:24,120 --> 00:00:26,360
+English and the adverbs of Arabic to see the
+
+5
+00:00:26,360 --> 00:00:30,320
+points of negative interference and positive
+
+6
+00:00:30,320 --> 00:00:33,360
+interference at the same time. We need to see the
+
+7
+00:00:33,360 --> 00:00:36,200
+asymmetries and symmetries between the two
+
+8
+00:00:36,200 --> 00:00:40,560
+constructions in both languages. So adverbs of
+
+9
+00:00:40,560 --> 00:00:45,960
+English. The adverbs modify the verb and they also
+
+10
+00:00:45,960 --> 00:00:52,190
+modify the adjective. and they modify the adverb
+
+11
+00:00:52,190 --> 00:00:57,130
+the adverb modifies another adverb okay so he
+
+12
+00:00:57,130 --> 00:01:03,410
+drove slowly slowly here is an adverb it modifies
+
+13
+00:01:03,410 --> 00:01:11,170
+the verb he drove very fast a very fast car very
+
+14
+00:01:11,170 --> 00:01:17,640
+remodifies the adjective fast She moved quite
+
+15
+00:01:17,640 --> 00:01:24,560
+slowly. Slowly here, I mean quite, remodifies
+
+16
+00:01:24,560 --> 00:01:29,820
+another adverb slowly. Morphologically, the adverb
+
+17
+00:01:29,820 --> 00:01:35,200
+mostly ends in ly, okay? Almost ends in ly, but
+
+18
+00:01:35,200 --> 00:01:37,940
+not in all cases, okay?
+
+19
+00:01:43,830 --> 00:01:49,910
+So you have some adjectives and in ly as well. You
+
+20
+00:01:49,910 --> 00:01:54,070
+have lovely, lonely, motherly, friendly,
+
+21
+00:01:54,810 --> 00:01:58,870
+neighborly. These are adjectives. That lovely
+
+22
+00:01:58,870 --> 00:02:03,910
+child lives in a friendly neighborhood. So
+
+23
+00:02:03,910 --> 00:02:06,850
+friendly and lovely are not adverbs, they are
+
+24
+00:02:06,850 --> 00:02:08,230
+adjectives.
+
+25
+00:02:14,510 --> 00:02:22,090
+Okay, as you see. Now, the adverb modifies
+
+26
+00:02:22,090 --> 00:02:27,310
+the verb, modifies an adjective, and modifies
+
+27
+00:02:27,310 --> 00:02:30,690
+another adverb. Okay? We have what is called
+
+28
+00:02:30,690 --> 00:02:36,670
+adverb clause, adverb clause at the same time.
+
+29
+00:02:37,330 --> 00:02:41,410
+Okay? This represents a group of words that
+
+30
+00:02:41,410 --> 00:02:48,460
+contain a subject. and the verb here
+
+31
+00:02:48,460 --> 00:02:54,800
+the sentence like when this class is over when
+
+32
+00:02:54,800 --> 00:02:58,560
+this class is over we are going to the movies when
+
+33
+00:02:58,560 --> 00:03:03,060
+this class is over this is adverb close because it
+
+34
+00:03:03,060 --> 00:03:08,860
+contains a verb the verb here is is as you see the
+
+35
+00:03:08,860 --> 00:03:13,020
+verb is is the verb close in this construction
+
+36
+00:03:13,020 --> 00:03:16,160
+when this class is over we are going to the movies
+
+37
+00:03:16,160 --> 00:03:21,280
+here
+
+38
+00:03:21,280 --> 00:03:30,040
+once you have a phrase which doesn't contain a
+
+39
+00:03:30,040 --> 00:03:36,710
+subject then the verb acts as an adverb And at
+
+40
+00:03:36,710 --> 00:03:40,750
+that sense, it is referred to as adverbial phrase.
+
+41
+00:03:42,010 --> 00:03:42,150
+Okay?
+
+42
+00:03:47,850 --> 00:03:53,830
+We have adverbial phrases or adverbial clauses.
+
+43
+00:03:54,850 --> 00:03:57,810
+These take different forms, either a noun phrase
+
+44
+00:03:57,810 --> 00:04:02,630
+or preposition phrase at the same time. Here we
+
+45
+00:04:02,630 --> 00:04:06,910
+have, he went to the movies. to the movies is a
+
+46
+00:04:06,910 --> 00:04:11,130
+preposition phrase but it works as an adverbial
+
+47
+00:04:11,130 --> 00:04:15,290
+she works on holidays they lived in canada during
+
+48
+00:04:15,290 --> 00:04:19,210
+the war these
+
+49
+00:04:19,210 --> 00:04:23,850
+preposition phrases have the function or have
+
+50
+00:04:23,850 --> 00:04:28,410
+adverbial functions okay
+
+51
+00:04:28,410 --> 00:04:32,290
+we
+
+52
+00:04:32,290 --> 00:04:37,140
+have also the infinitive which works as an adverb.
+
+53
+00:04:38,580 --> 00:04:43,120
+It usually tells why. She headed to the mainland
+
+54
+00:04:43,120 --> 00:04:47,180
+to see her brother. To see her brother is an
+
+55
+00:04:47,180 --> 00:04:49,720
+adverbial clause.
+
+56
+00:04:51,680 --> 00:04:57,160
+It's to see, this is infinitive, okay, in order to
+
+57
+00:04:57,160 --> 00:05:02,920
+see. This is the answer of why. The senator ran to
+
+58
+00:05:02,920 --> 00:05:07,480
+catch the bus. Why did he run? In order to catch
+
+59
+00:05:07,480 --> 00:05:11,320
+or to catch the bus. So the infinitive works.
+
+60
+00:05:15,380 --> 00:05:19,520
+The infinitive
+
+61
+00:05:19,520 --> 00:05:19,840
+here
+
+62
+00:05:24,320 --> 00:05:28,760
+answers the question, why? So the adverbial clause
+
+63
+00:05:28,760 --> 00:05:32,780
+can be a noun phrase, can be a preposition phrase,
+
+64
+00:05:32,900 --> 00:05:38,300
+can be infinitive phrase as well. We still have
+
+65
+00:05:38,300 --> 00:05:41,460
+other kinds of adverbial phrases.
+
+66
+00:05:44,100 --> 00:05:48,160
+Okay, he calls his mother or his mom as often as
+
+67
+00:05:48,160 --> 00:05:53,120
+possible. as often as possible this is comparison
+
+68
+00:05:53,120 --> 00:05:57,240
+so this is positive degree that verb has
+
+69
+00:05:57,240 --> 00:05:59,940
+comparisons completely like the adjectives we have
+
+70
+00:05:59,940 --> 00:06:03,740
+positive degree comparative degree and superlative
+
+71
+00:06:03,740 --> 00:06:12,660
+degree okay now
+
+72
+00:06:12,660 --> 00:06:18,560
+you have here The adverbs which modify adjectives
+
+73
+00:06:18,560 --> 00:06:21,920
+as we mentioned, but the adjective cannot modify
+
+74
+00:06:21,920 --> 00:06:26,260
+an adverb. The adverb modifies the adjective, but
+
+75
+00:06:26,260 --> 00:06:33,500
+not vice versa. Okay? The students showed a really
+
+76
+00:06:33,500 --> 00:06:35,760
+wonderful, wonderful attitude.
+
+77
+00:06:38,340 --> 00:06:42,320
+The students showed a wonderfully casual attitude.
+
+78
+00:06:43,610 --> 00:06:47,790
+my professor is really tall but not he ran real
+
+79
+00:06:47,790 --> 00:06:52,410
+fast okay these three sentences really wonderful
+
+80
+00:06:52,410 --> 00:06:59,470
+wonderfully casual really tall are grammatical
+
+81
+00:06:59,470 --> 00:07:04,830
+sentences because the adverb modifies the
+
+82
+00:07:04,830 --> 00:07:08,970
+adjective but it's impossible to have the
+
+83
+00:07:08,970 --> 00:07:15,500
+adjective modifying the adverb he ran real fast is
+
+84
+00:07:15,500 --> 00:07:19,480
+that accepted but we can say he ran really fast
+
+85
+00:07:19,480 --> 00:07:24,200
+completely
+
+86
+00:07:24,200 --> 00:07:26,820
+like adjectives we have three degrees of
+
+87
+00:07:26,820 --> 00:07:31,020
+comparison either positive degree or comparative
+
+88
+00:07:31,020 --> 00:07:37,840
+degree or superlative degree okay the students or
+
+89
+00:07:37,840 --> 00:07:42,530
+walk faster if you want to keep up with me faster
+
+90
+00:07:42,530 --> 00:07:47,870
+this is an adverb if we say fast walk this is
+
+91
+00:07:47,870 --> 00:07:55,210
+adjective but walk fast this is an adverb okay the
+
+92
+00:07:55,210 --> 00:08:01,370
+student who reads fastest will finish first we use
+
+93
+00:08:01,370 --> 00:08:06,530
+also more or most or less or least this is for
+
+94
+00:08:06,530 --> 00:08:11,950
+comparative and superlative With sneakers on, she
+
+95
+00:08:11,950 --> 00:08:15,850
+could move more quickly among the patients. The
+
+96
+00:08:15,850 --> 00:08:18,250
+flowers were the most beautifully arranged
+
+97
+00:08:18,250 --> 00:08:23,990
+creation I've ever seen. Most beautifully, more
+
+98
+00:08:23,990 --> 00:08:28,390
+quickly. She worked less confidently after her
+
+99
+00:08:28,390 --> 00:08:31,750
+accident. She was the least skillfully done
+
+100
+00:08:31,750 --> 00:08:35,710
+performance I have seen in years. So these
+
+101
+00:08:35,710 --> 00:08:39,590
+represent the comparative degree and superlative
+
+102
+00:08:39,590 --> 00:08:43,490
+degree. Once we say most beautifully or least
+
+103
+00:08:43,490 --> 00:08:45,010
+skillfully.
+
+104
+00:08:46,910 --> 00:08:50,630
+Okay. We have also the positive degree for
+
+105
+00:08:50,630 --> 00:08:58,190
+adverbs. As fast as his sister, for example. Okay.
+
+106
+00:08:58,610 --> 00:09:00,330
+It represents what is called equality.
+
+107
+00:09:07,130 --> 00:09:13,190
+Now, we have a handful of adverbs. Some adverbs
+
+108
+00:09:13,190 --> 00:09:19,750
+have two forms, one which ends in ly and one that
+
+109
+00:09:19,750 --> 00:09:25,370
+doesn't end in ly. These two forms have
+
+110
+00:09:25,370 --> 00:09:30,870
+semantically two different meanings. Like, lately
+
+111
+00:09:30,870 --> 00:09:33,990
+he couldn't seem to be on time for anything.
+
+112
+00:09:35,860 --> 00:09:39,180
+lately, he couldn't seem to be on time for
+
+113
+00:09:39,180 --> 00:09:47,500
+anything. Okay? So this sentence differs from the
+
+114
+00:09:47,500 --> 00:09:51,600
+first sentence, he arrived late. Is it the same
+
+115
+00:09:51,600 --> 00:09:55,400
+meaning? Late and lately? So we have difference
+
+116
+00:09:55,400 --> 00:09:59,440
+meaning according to the position of adverb. Late
+
+117
+00:09:59,440 --> 00:10:03,460
+is an adverb and lately is another adverb, but
+
+118
+00:10:03,460 --> 00:10:07,040
+their position in the sentence Differentiate the
+
+119
+00:10:07,040 --> 00:10:07,340
+meaning.
+
+120
+00:10:10,800 --> 00:10:11,480
+Okay.
+
+121
+00:10:18,060 --> 00:10:23,340
+She certainly drives slow in that old pick of
+
+122
+00:10:23,340 --> 00:10:28,670
+hers. in that old buck of his. He did wrong by
+
+123
+00:10:28,670 --> 00:10:32,530
+here. He spoke sharp, quick, and to the point.
+
+124
+00:10:33,210 --> 00:10:37,870
+Slow, wrong, sharp, quick. These all together are
+
+125
+00:10:37,870 --> 00:10:43,330
+adverbs, but they do not take a Y. Okay? This is
+
+126
+00:10:43,330 --> 00:10:49,170
+for casual situations because he did wrong by
+
+127
+00:10:49,170 --> 00:10:53,620
+here. This is his custom. He spoke sharp, quick.
+
+128
+00:10:53,900 --> 00:10:56,840
+Again, he's accustomed to do that. So once you
+
+129
+00:10:56,840 --> 00:11:00,560
+refer to casual situations, you can use the adverb
+
+130
+00:11:00,560 --> 00:11:01,360
+without ly.
+
+131
+00:11:05,860 --> 00:11:11,400
+Now, speaking about adverbs, we have different
+
+132
+00:11:11,400 --> 00:11:14,100
+types of adverbs. We have what is called
+
+133
+00:11:14,100 --> 00:11:18,820
+intensifiers. which are of different types. We
+
+134
+00:11:18,820 --> 00:11:24,140
+have emphasizing or emphasizers, amplifiers, and
+
+135
+00:11:24,140 --> 00:11:29,940
+downtoners. These are intensifiers which represent
+
+136
+00:11:29,940 --> 00:11:34,400
+a category of adverbs. I really don't believe him.
+
+137
+00:11:35,780 --> 00:11:40,700
+I really don't believe him. This really refers to
+
+138
+00:11:41,950 --> 00:11:45,110
+Emphasizers. Here I emphasize the fact that I
+
+139
+00:11:45,110 --> 00:11:48,690
+don't believe him. He literally wrecked his
+
+140
+00:11:48,690 --> 00:11:54,230
+mother's car. Literally. I emphasize the action.
+
+141
+00:11:54,710 --> 00:11:59,930
+She simply ignored me. Simply. They are going to
+
+142
+00:11:59,930 --> 00:12:04,770
+be late for sure. So for sure, simply, literally,
+
+143
+00:12:05,530 --> 00:12:07,550
+really are emphasizers.
+
+144
+00:12:09,710 --> 00:12:13,370
+We have what is called amplifiers. The teacher
+
+145
+00:12:13,370 --> 00:12:17,010
+completely rejected her proposal. I absolutely
+
+146
+00:12:17,010 --> 00:12:21,330
+refused to attend anymore faculty meetings.
+
+147
+00:12:22,630 --> 00:12:30,250
+They heartily endorsed the new restaurant. I so
+
+148
+00:12:30,250 --> 00:12:34,010
+wanted to go with them. They heartily endorsed the
+
+149
+00:12:34,010 --> 00:12:39,850
+new restaurant. I so wanted to go with them. We
+
+150
+00:12:39,850 --> 00:12:44,830
+know this city well. So well, so, hardly,
+
+151
+00:12:45,610 --> 00:12:48,950
+absolutely, completely, these are amplifiers.
+
+152
+00:12:50,670 --> 00:12:53,010
+Okay? We call them amplifiers.
+
+153
+00:12:56,250 --> 00:13:02,170
+Now we come to what is called downtoners. I kind
+
+154
+00:13:02,170 --> 00:13:08,300
+of like this college. Reducers, okay? Joe sort of
+
+155
+00:13:08,300 --> 00:13:14,380
+felt betrayed by his sister, to somehow. His
+
+156
+00:13:14,380 --> 00:13:18,840
+mother mildly disapproved his action. We can
+
+157
+00:13:18,840 --> 00:13:23,160
+improve in this to some extent. The boss almost
+
+158
+00:13:23,160 --> 00:13:27,740
+quit after that. The school was all but ruined by
+
+159
+00:13:27,740 --> 00:13:33,560
+the storm. Not completely ruined. Okay? So this is
+
+160
+00:13:33,560 --> 00:13:38,470
+to reduce the action. It's called downtoners. So
+
+161
+00:13:38,470 --> 00:13:44,150
+we have kind, sort, mildly, almost, some extent,
+
+162
+00:13:44,990 --> 00:13:51,070
+all, but, et cetera. These three types are, I
+
+163
+00:13:51,070 --> 00:13:54,650
+mean, they emphasizes amplifiers, downtoners are
+
+164
+00:13:54,650 --> 00:13:58,530
+intensifiers.
+
+165
+00:14:00,390 --> 00:14:08,490
+Parts of adverbs. Now, As we mentioned, the adverb
+
+166
+00:14:08,490 --> 00:14:13,390
+modifies the verb. It also modifies the adjective
+
+167
+00:14:13,390 --> 00:14:17,690
+and modifies the adverb itself, another adverb.
+
+168
+00:14:18,150 --> 00:14:23,250
+She ran very fast. Here the word, the pre
+
+169
+00:14:23,250 --> 00:14:28,890
+modifier, very. Pre modifies another adverb, fast.
+
+170
+00:14:29,570 --> 00:14:32,950
+We're all going to run out of material all the
+
+171
+00:14:32,950 --> 00:14:41,420
+faster. Okay. All the faster. Again, we have all
+
+172
+00:14:41,420 --> 00:14:48,960
+pre-modifying faster. Another adverb. For adverbs,
+
+173
+00:14:49,080 --> 00:14:51,660
+as you are familiar of, we have different types.
+
+174
+00:14:51,820 --> 00:14:54,860
+We have adverbs of manner, adverbs of place,
+
+175
+00:14:55,500 --> 00:15:00,100
+adverbs of frequency, adverbs of time, adverbs of
+
+176
+00:15:00,100 --> 00:15:06,170
+purpose. She moved slowly and spoke quietly. This
+
+177
+00:15:06,170 --> 00:15:11,650
+is Manar. She moved slowly and spoke quietly.
+
+178
+00:15:16,290 --> 00:15:17,130
+Okay.
+
+179
+00:15:21,110 --> 00:15:27,910
+She has lived on the island all her life. We speak
+
+180
+00:15:27,910 --> 00:15:32,210
+about a place on the island. This is an adverb of
+
+181
+00:15:32,950 --> 00:15:36,590
+Place. She still lives there now. There refers
+
+182
+00:15:36,590 --> 00:15:41,690
+also to place. So we call it adverb of place. We
+
+183
+00:15:41,690 --> 00:15:47,250
+have adverb of frequency. She takes the boat to
+
+184
+00:15:47,250 --> 00:15:51,570
+the mainland every day. She often goes by herself.
+
+185
+00:15:52,590 --> 00:15:57,910
+So go often every day. It refers to the frequent
+
+186
+00:15:57,910 --> 00:16:02,440
+times or say the frequency adverb. We have adverbs
+
+187
+00:16:02,440 --> 00:16:07,800
+of time. She tries to get back before dark.
+
+188
+00:16:08,220 --> 00:16:13,300
+Before. It's starting to get dark now. Now. She
+
+189
+00:16:13,300 --> 00:16:18,560
+finished her tea first. First. She left early. Now
+
+190
+00:16:18,560 --> 00:16:24,400
+we have these four adverbs, early, first, now,
+
+191
+00:16:24,680 --> 00:16:29,040
+before, are considered as adverbs of time because
+
+192
+00:16:29,040 --> 00:16:34,360
+they refer to time. We have purpose, adverbs of
+
+193
+00:16:34,360 --> 00:16:40,640
+purpose, okay? To answer why. She drives her boat
+
+194
+00:16:40,640 --> 00:16:45,100
+slowly to avoid hitting the rocks. Avoid, to avoid
+
+195
+00:16:45,100 --> 00:16:48,080
+hitting the rocks is the answer. It is the
+
+196
+00:16:48,080 --> 00:16:53,320
+purpose. She shops in several stores to get the
+
+197
+00:16:53,320 --> 00:16:58,560
+best buys. To get the best buys is another
+
+198
+00:16:58,560 --> 00:16:59,440
+adverbial
+
+199
+00:17:02,420 --> 00:17:07,300
+phrase beginning with infinitive as you see. So
+
+200
+00:17:07,300 --> 00:17:10,460
+the infinitive itself stands as an adverbial
+
+201
+00:17:10,460 --> 00:17:15,120
+phrase. The preposition phrase stands as an
+
+202
+00:17:15,120 --> 00:17:18,240
+adverbial phrase. The noun phrase stands as an
+
+203
+00:17:18,240 --> 00:17:24,040
+adverbial phrase. Now we see the position of
+
+204
+00:17:25,070 --> 00:17:29,170
+adverb. The position, the adverbs themselves are
+
+205
+00:17:29,170 --> 00:17:35,410
+floating. Some of them can locate anywhere in the
+
+206
+00:17:35,410 --> 00:17:39,050
+sentence without changing the meaning. So they are
+
+207
+00:17:39,050 --> 00:17:41,430
+called floating adverbs.
+
+208
+00:17:44,690 --> 00:17:47,530
+Solemnly, the minister addressed her congregation
+
+209
+00:17:47,530 --> 00:17:51,090
+at the beginning of the sentence. The minister
+
+210
+00:17:51,090 --> 00:17:55,280
+solemnly addressed her congregation. In the
+
+211
+00:17:55,280 --> 00:17:58,080
+beginning of the sentence, the minister addressed
+
+212
+00:17:58,080 --> 00:18:01,500
+her congregation solemnly, sentence final
+
+213
+00:18:01,500 --> 00:18:07,140
+position. So we have the adverb, it is the adverb
+
+214
+00:18:07,140 --> 00:18:12,280
+of manner, as you see, standing, sentence
+
+215
+00:18:12,280 --> 00:18:16,140
+initially, in the middle of the sentence, or
+
+216
+00:18:16,140 --> 00:18:20,380
+sentence finally, as you see. Okay? So this is why
+
+217
+00:18:20,380 --> 00:18:25,120
+we call them floating adverbs. Floating adverbs.
+
+218
+00:18:32,360 --> 00:18:38,380
+We have this category of adverbs, okay, of
+
+219
+00:18:38,380 --> 00:18:42,760
+frequency. They appear in various points in the
+
+220
+00:18:42,760 --> 00:18:46,740
+sentences as you see. Before the main verb, I
+
+221
+00:18:46,740 --> 00:18:50,680
+never get up before nine o'clock. I never get up
+
+222
+00:18:50,680 --> 00:18:54,490
+before nine o'clock. Never. This is adverb of
+
+223
+00:18:54,490 --> 00:19:00,550
+frequency. Okay? So the adverb directly precedes
+
+224
+00:19:00,550 --> 00:19:05,170
+the lexical verb in the sentence. The adverb of
+
+225
+00:19:05,170 --> 00:19:09,890
+frequency directly precedes the lexical verb in
+
+226
+00:19:09,890 --> 00:19:13,430
+the sentence. I never get up. It comes also
+
+227
+00:19:13,430 --> 00:19:18,580
+between the auxiliary verb and the lexical verb. I
+
+228
+00:19:18,580 --> 00:19:22,700
+have rarely written to my brother without a good
+
+229
+00:19:22,700 --> 00:19:28,460
+reason. Have written. So we have rarely an adverb
+
+230
+00:19:28,460 --> 00:19:32,320
+of frequency in between the auxiliary and the
+
+231
+00:19:32,320 --> 00:19:33,100
+lexical verb.
+
+232
+00:19:36,800 --> 00:19:42,320
+Also it is used or it precedes the verb used or
+
+233
+00:19:42,320 --> 00:19:47,830
+used to. Okay? I always used to see him at his
+
+234
+00:19:47,830 --> 00:19:48,490
+summer home.
+
+235
+00:19:52,130 --> 00:19:59,650
+Okay. We can say I am always used to seeing him at
+
+236
+00:19:59,650 --> 00:20:08,130
+summer homes. Okay. I used to this is a habit that
+
+237
+00:20:08,130 --> 00:20:13,350
+happened in the past. Where to be M is R plus used
+
+238
+00:20:13,350 --> 00:20:23,740
+to plus gerund. This is a custom or a habit which
+
+239
+00:20:23,740 --> 00:20:30,980
+is present, the present habit. In both cases, we
+
+240
+00:20:30,980 --> 00:20:36,340
+have the adverb of frequency preceding used to and
+
+241
+00:20:36,340 --> 00:20:40,240
+comes in between the preposition, the verb to be
+
+242
+00:20:40,240 --> 00:20:45,450
+and used. Okay. In case of having, I am usually
+
+243
+00:20:45,450 --> 00:20:50,850
+used to. He finally showed up for batting
+
+244
+00:20:50,850 --> 00:20:54,790
+practice. You say showed up. This is a verb,
+
+245
+00:20:54,930 --> 00:20:58,430
+lexical verb. So we have the adverb preceding or
+
+246
+00:20:58,430 --> 00:21:01,510
+directly preceding it. She has recently retired.
+
+247
+00:21:01,950 --> 00:21:05,690
+We have auxiliary verb, has. Then we have retired.
+
+248
+00:21:06,210 --> 00:21:08,730
+So the adverb comes in between.
+
+249
+00:21:16,840 --> 00:21:20,880
+Okay, if we translate these sentences, I never get
+
+250
+00:21:20,880 --> 00:21:25,260
+up before nine o'clock.
+
+251
+00:21:26,220 --> 00:21:33,720
+Who could translate it? I never get up before nine
+
+252
+00:21:33,720 --> 00:21:34,100
+o'clock.
+
+253
+00:21:45,230 --> 00:21:54,130
+أبدا لم أستيقظ قبل التاسعة أبدا
+
+254
+00:21:54,130 --> 00:21:57,190
+لم
+
+255
+00:21:57,190 --> 00:22:03,950
+أستيقظ قبل التاسعة which is better لم أستيقظ أبدا
+
+256
+00:22:03,950 --> 00:22:11,250
+قبل التاسعة okay now أنا لم أستيقظ أبدا قبل
+
+257
+00:22:11,250 --> 00:22:14,350
+التاسعة okay
+
+258
+00:22:15,520 --> 00:22:19,340
+لم أستيقظ أبدا قبل التاسعة. Arabic differs from
+
+259
+00:22:19,340 --> 00:22:23,540
+English. We have what is called the small brew.
+
+260
+00:22:24,520 --> 00:22:29,960
+Small brew means the drop of the subject. ضمير
+
+261
+00:22:29,960 --> 00:22:34,720
+الفاعل، الغال، ضمير الفاعل، الفاعل ضمير مستتر
+
+262
+00:22:34,720 --> 00:22:41,120
+تقديره هو لم أستيقظ أبدا. Okay لم أستيقظ أبدا.
+
+263
+00:22:41,160 --> 00:22:46,100
+Where's the subject? Okay, so the subject is
+
+264
+00:22:46,100 --> 00:22:50,080
+called in English here small brew small brew. This
+
+265
+00:22:50,080 --> 00:22:54,300
+is available in brew drop languages Arabic is brew
+
+266
+00:22:54,300 --> 00:22:57,540
+drop language. Yani it drops the subject However,
+
+267
+00:22:57,660 --> 00:23:02,180
+English is non drop is non brew drop language. The
+
+268
+00:23:02,180 --> 00:23:07,900
+subject must be available in the sentence Okay so
+
+269
+00:23:07,900 --> 00:23:12,200
+having the adverb at the beginning of is quite
+
+270
+00:23:12,200 --> 00:23:21,900
+dodgy is quite not acceptable okay is less
+
+271
+00:23:21,900 --> 00:23:29,680
+adequate than the sentence which says okay
+
+272
+00:23:29,680 --> 00:23:36,300
+so it depends on your intuition to see whether
+
+273
+00:23:36,300 --> 00:23:40,120
+this sentence is accepted or not okay
+
+274
+00:23:43,320 --> 00:23:47,360
+I finally showed up for batting practice. She has
+
+275
+00:23:47,360 --> 00:23:49,700
+recently retired. Okay.
+
+276
+00:23:52,920 --> 00:23:54,900
+She has recently retired.
+
+277
+00:23:58,200 --> 00:24:02,460
+I have rarely written to my brother without a good
+
+278
+00:24:02,460 --> 00:24:05,760
+reason. Who could translate it? I have rarely
+
+279
+00:24:05,760 --> 00:24:09,100
+written to my brother without a good reason.
+
+280
+00:24:15,310 --> 00:24:19,790
+I have rarely written to my brother.
+
+281
+00:24:31,690 --> 00:24:36,470
+So, Nadiran is an adverb coming sentence initially
+
+282
+00:24:36,470 --> 00:24:42,680
+in Arabic. It can be لم أكتب لأخي I can't say for
+
+283
+00:24:42,680 --> 00:24:49,520
+example, I have
+
+284
+00:24:49,520 --> 00:24:53,000
+rarely written to my brother without a good
+
+285
+00:24:53,000 --> 00:24:53,460
+reason.
+
+286
+00:24:59,540 --> 00:25:02,840
+So, in order to have sense for the sentence or for
+
+287
+00:25:02,840 --> 00:25:06,950
+the translation, You have to have the adverb at
+
+288
+00:25:06,950 --> 00:25:10,310
+the beginning of the sentence. Okay? So you see,
+
+289
+00:25:10,430 --> 00:25:13,050
+it seems that the position of the adverb in Arabic
+
+290
+00:25:13,050 --> 00:25:17,070
+differs from the adverb in English. So every
+
+291
+00:25:17,070 --> 00:25:24,070
+adverb has its own position in Arabic. Okay? She's
+
+292
+00:25:24,070 --> 00:25:33,210
+recently retired. لقد استقالت مؤخرا We can say
+
+293
+00:25:34,970 --> 00:25:40,010
+استقالت او مؤخرا استقالت مؤخرا استقالت is not
+
+294
+00:25:40,010 --> 00:25:44,550
+accepted in Arabic okay لك ده استقالت مؤخرا مؤخرا
+
+295
+00:25:44,550 --> 00:25:48,450
+here we have the verb مؤخرا the adverb مؤخرا comes
+
+296
+00:25:48,450 --> 00:25:55,450
+finally so
+
+297
+00:25:55,450 --> 00:26:01,610
+they differ now i said the adverbial clauses can
+
+298
+00:26:01,610 --> 00:26:06,720
+be preposition phrase can be infinitive phrase can
+
+299
+00:26:06,720 --> 00:26:11,740
+be a noun phrase okay once
+
+300
+00:26:11,740 --> 00:26:18,100
+you translate I came very quickly to the class I
+
+301
+00:26:18,100 --> 00:26:24,020
+came very quickly to the class قتيت بسرعة إلى
+
+302
+00:26:24,020 --> 00:26:30,500
+الفصل بسرعة what do you call it in Arabic
+
+303
+00:26:30,500 --> 00:26:35,790
+preposition phrase which stands for what is called
+
+304
+00:26:35,790 --> 00:26:40,270
+حال in Arabic preposition
+
+305
+00:26:40,270 --> 00:26:46,610
+phrase بسرعة جاروة مجرور and the sentence okay
+
+306
+00:26:46,610 --> 00:26:53,070
+represents حال in Arabic يعني شبه الجملة في محل
+
+307
+00:26:53,070 --> 00:26:58,870
+نصب حال حال means advert okay
+
+308
+00:27:00,390 --> 00:27:03,510
+Now, if you have more than one adverb in the
+
+309
+00:27:03,510 --> 00:27:07,650
+sentence, what could you do? Do you have specific
+
+310
+00:27:07,650 --> 00:27:12,630
+order for the adverbs in English? Like the
+
+311
+00:27:12,630 --> 00:27:17,610
+adjectives as we've seen. Yes, we have specific
+
+312
+00:27:17,610 --> 00:27:24,770
+order. We have the verb first of all. followed by
+
+313
+00:27:24,770 --> 00:27:30,610
+adverb of manner, place, frequency, time, purpose.
+
+314
+00:27:31,810 --> 00:27:36,810
+So we have manner followed by place, then
+
+315
+00:27:36,810 --> 00:27:43,770
+frequency, then time, then purpose. Beth swims
+
+316
+00:27:43,770 --> 00:27:48,190
+enthusiastically in the pool every morning before
+
+317
+00:27:48,190 --> 00:27:54,690
+dawn to keep in shape. Swims enthusiastically.
+
+318
+00:27:54,970 --> 00:27:58,930
+This is enthusiastically, this is manner. In the
+
+319
+00:27:58,930 --> 00:28:06,050
+pool. Place. Every morning. Before dawn. To keep
+
+320
+00:28:06,050 --> 00:28:13,310
+in shape. Purpose. Okay, so once you translate it
+
+321
+00:28:13,310 --> 00:28:17,630
+into Arabic, what could you say? Once you
+
+322
+00:28:17,630 --> 00:28:18,710
+translate it into Arabic?
+
+323
+00:28:25,550 --> 00:28:28,670
+If you could translate it, translate the sentence
+
+324
+00:28:28,670 --> 00:28:29,450
+into Arabic.
+
+325
+00:28:35,410 --> 00:28:39,090
+Beth swims enthusiastically in the pool every
+
+326
+00:28:39,090 --> 00:28:41,910
+morning before dawn to keep in shape.
+
+327
+00:28:47,270 --> 00:28:52,470
+Yes? Go ahead. He swims enthusiastically every
+
+328
+00:28:52,470 --> 00:28:56,820
+morning before dawn to keep in shape. Beth is
+
+329
+00:28:56,820 --> 00:29:07,100
+always used to swim enthusiastically in the pool
+
+330
+00:29:07,100 --> 00:29:15,920
+every morning before dawn to keep fit or in shape.
+
+331
+00:29:16,860 --> 00:29:22,200
+Beth swims enthusiastically in the pool every
+
+332
+00:29:22,200 --> 00:29:25,600
+morning before dawn to keep in shape. Remember
+
+333
+00:29:25,600 --> 00:29:28,780
+that once we spoke about adjectives, we mentioned
+
+334
+00:29:28,780 --> 00:29:31,300
+that the adjectives can be classified within the
+
+335
+00:29:31,300 --> 00:29:34,260
+same sentence according to what is called
+
+336
+00:29:34,260 --> 00:29:35,920
+importance.
+
+337
+00:29:37,320 --> 00:29:41,240
+And the most important adjective comes first. Do
+
+338
+00:29:41,240 --> 00:29:45,440
+you have the same system for the adverbs? Beth
+
+339
+00:29:45,440 --> 00:29:50,740
+swims enthusiastically in the pool every morning
+
+340
+00:29:50,740 --> 00:29:53,060
+before dawn to keep in shape.
+
+341
+00:29:57,660 --> 00:30:05,240
+So you have the adverbs classified according to
+
+342
+00:30:05,240 --> 00:30:08,450
+their positions in the sentence in Arabic. Okay,
+
+343
+00:30:08,970 --> 00:30:12,510
+starting with manner, as you see, then you have
+
+344
+00:30:12,510 --> 00:30:20,870
+the place, then frequency, then time, then shape.
+
+345
+00:30:21,270 --> 00:30:25,590
+But these or this order is not systematic. It is
+
+346
+00:30:25,590 --> 00:30:29,270
+elastic. Arabic is liberal language as we
+
+347
+00:30:29,270 --> 00:30:37,930
+explained. Maybe I can translate. يسبح بث في
+
+348
+00:30:37,930 --> 00:30:44,850
+البركة بحماس كل صباح قبل الفجر ليحافظ على رشقة
+
+349
+00:30:44,850 --> 00:30:54,070
+يسبح بث في البركة كل صباح قبل الفجر بحماس لكي
+
+350
+00:30:54,070 --> 00:31:00,010
+يحافظ على رشقة so we use the adverb of manner in
+
+351
+00:31:00,010 --> 00:31:05,950
+different places okay it depends on the structure
+
+352
+00:31:05,950 --> 00:31:09,430
+of the language. English is a very specific
+
+353
+00:31:09,430 --> 00:31:13,570
+language. It's very strict. It has its own strict
+
+354
+00:31:13,570 --> 00:31:18,850
+system that you cannot skip.
+
+355
+00:31:19,150 --> 00:31:23,430
+You have to respect this system, the order of
+
+356
+00:31:23,430 --> 00:31:26,830
+adverbs, starting with manner, then place,
+
+357
+00:31:27,370 --> 00:31:32,070
+frequency, time, purpose. Okay? This is the word
+
+358
+00:31:32,070 --> 00:31:36,450
+order of adverbs. in English. However, in Arabic,
+
+359
+00:31:36,670 --> 00:31:40,650
+Arabic is more liberal language. Okay? So the
+
+360
+00:31:40,650 --> 00:31:43,090
+movement of the adverb from one position to
+
+361
+00:31:43,090 --> 00:31:44,810
+another is accepted.
+
+362
+00:31:48,090 --> 00:31:51,890
+Because the adverbs in Arabic are more floating
+
+363
+00:31:51,890 --> 00:31:59,050
+than in English. Okay? Dad walks impatiently in
+
+364
+00:31:59,050 --> 00:32:02,910
+the town every afternoon before supper to get a
+
+365
+00:32:02,910 --> 00:32:07,590
+newspaper. that walks impatiently. What do you
+
+366
+00:32:07,590 --> 00:32:13,050
+call impatiently? Manar. Into town. Place. Every
+
+367
+00:32:13,050 --> 00:32:18,110
+afternoon. Before supper. To get a newspaper.
+
+368
+00:32:19,550 --> 00:32:23,850
+Tushinda naps in her room every morning before
+
+369
+00:32:23,850 --> 00:32:24,330
+lunch.
+
+370
+00:32:27,170 --> 00:32:29,870
+Naps in her room. In her room. What do you call
+
+371
+00:32:29,870 --> 00:32:35,360
+this place? Every morning. Frequency before lunch
+
+372
+00:32:35,360 --> 00:32:39,620
+the same order the same order. We don't have
+
+373
+00:32:39,620 --> 00:32:49,600
+purpose here. Okay The
+
+374
+00:32:49,600 --> 00:32:53,860
+general principle the general principle for the
+
+375
+00:32:53,860 --> 00:32:59,600
+adverbs Is that the shorter adverbial phrases
+
+376
+00:33:00,440 --> 00:33:04,880
+precede longer adverbial phrases in English. This
+
+377
+00:33:04,880 --> 00:33:06,440
+is regardless of the content.
+
+378
+00:33:09,280 --> 00:33:11,800
+We have here in the following sentences the
+
+379
+00:33:11,800 --> 00:33:15,200
+adverbial or the adverb of time precedes the
+
+380
+00:33:15,200 --> 00:33:19,960
+adverb of frequency because it is shorter. You
+
+381
+00:33:19,960 --> 00:33:25,280
+know that the frequency adverb comes before Time,
+
+382
+00:33:25,580 --> 00:33:29,540
+but here the time adverb comes before frequency
+
+383
+00:33:29,540 --> 00:33:34,580
+because it is shorter. Dad takes a brisk walk
+
+384
+00:33:34,580 --> 00:33:39,820
+before breakfast every day of his life. Every day
+
+385
+00:33:39,820 --> 00:33:45,320
+of his life is frequency. Before breakfast, this
+
+386
+00:33:45,320 --> 00:33:49,380
+is time. But before breakfast is shorter than the
+
+387
+00:33:49,380 --> 00:33:52,020
+other sentence, so it comes first.
+
+388
+00:33:55,430 --> 00:34:02,830
+A second principle of
+
+389
+00:34:02,830 --> 00:34:06,910
+adverbs like manner, place, or frequency, etc.,
+
+390
+00:34:06,910 --> 00:34:10,250
+the more specific adverbial phrase comes first.
+
+391
+00:34:10,950 --> 00:34:15,630
+The more important one comes first. My grandmother
+
+392
+00:34:15,630 --> 00:34:21,370
+was born in a sod house on the plains of northern
+
+393
+00:34:21,370 --> 00:34:23,350
+Nebraska.
+
+394
+00:34:25,180 --> 00:34:30,360
+My grandmother was born in a sod house. This is
+
+395
+00:34:30,360 --> 00:34:34,360
+the most important adverb. On the plains of
+
+396
+00:34:34,360 --> 00:34:38,440
+northern Nebraska. Okay? So we take the most
+
+397
+00:34:38,440 --> 00:34:42,600
+important to be the beginning. Okay? To be in the
+
+398
+00:34:42,600 --> 00:34:48,180
+beginning. We have now for normal sentences, we
+
+399
+00:34:48,180 --> 00:34:52,900
+have a certain order. that is manner, place,
+
+400
+00:34:53,060 --> 00:34:57,760
+frequency, time, purpose. However, in adverbial
+
+401
+00:34:57,760 --> 00:35:02,740
+phrases, we take the shorter adverbial phrase to
+
+402
+00:35:02,740 --> 00:35:05,720
+be in the beginning followed by the longer
+
+403
+00:35:07,640 --> 00:35:10,800
+adverbial clause also we can take the most
+
+404
+00:35:10,800 --> 00:35:14,780
+specific adverb to be at the beginning as appears
+
+405
+00:35:14,780 --> 00:35:18,320
+in the sentence my grandmother was born in a sod
+
+406
+00:35:18,320 --> 00:35:23,720
+house on the plains of northern Nebraska okay she
+
+407
+00:35:23,720 --> 00:35:28,540
+promised to meet him for lunch next Tuesday for
+
+408
+00:35:28,540 --> 00:35:35,100
+lunch this is an adverbial phrase Next Tuesday
+
+409
+00:35:35,100 --> 00:35:38,220
+another adverb will close. So we take the shorter
+
+410
+00:35:38,220 --> 00:35:50,640
+one to be at the beginning for lunch Okay Now
+
+411
+00:35:50,640 --> 00:35:56,420
+we can have what is called focus and you move the
+
+412
+00:35:56,420 --> 00:36:00,330
+adverbs to the beginning of the sentence and to
+
+413
+00:36:00,330 --> 00:36:04,510
+the beginning of the sentence in case of having
+
+414
+00:36:04,510 --> 00:36:08,130
+what was called special emphasis or laying special
+
+415
+00:36:08,130 --> 00:36:13,610
+emphasis on the adverb. Slowly, ever so carefully,
+
+416
+00:36:14,310 --> 00:36:20,430
+Jesse filled the coffee cup up to the brim, even
+
+417
+00:36:20,430 --> 00:36:25,340
+above the brim. Slowly ever so carefully you have
+
+418
+00:36:25,340 --> 00:36:29,980
+two adverbs separated morphologically By a comma
+
+419
+00:36:29,980 --> 00:36:34,860
+as you see Jesse fill The coffee cup up to the
+
+420
+00:36:34,860 --> 00:36:39,700
+brim even above the brim Okay, this is for
+
+421
+00:36:39,700 --> 00:36:44,080
+emphasis you can move The adverb to the beginning
+
+422
+00:36:44,080 --> 00:36:47,640
+of the sentence for emphasis or what is called
+
+423
+00:36:47,640 --> 00:36:50,720
+focus Okay
+
+424
+00:36:52,460 --> 00:36:55,380
+the adverb can move syntactically it can move
+
+425
+00:36:55,380 --> 00:36:58,360
+because you know the adverbs or most of them are
+
+426
+00:36:58,360 --> 00:37:02,200
+floating wherever you put it it works correctly
+
+427
+00:37:02,200 --> 00:37:07,080
+not all of them not all of them okay in some cases
+
+428
+00:37:07,080 --> 00:37:10,240
+you can move the adverb in different places in the
+
+429
+00:37:10,240 --> 00:37:14,320
+sentence so slowly ever so carefully these are
+
+430
+00:37:14,320 --> 00:37:19,930
+adverbs of manners Of manner, Jesse filled the
+
+431
+00:37:19,930 --> 00:37:23,470
+coffee cup up to the brim, even above the brim.
+
+432
+00:37:24,050 --> 00:37:24,810
+Occasionally,
+
+433
+00:37:27,750 --> 00:37:33,330
+but not occasionally, but only occasionally, one
+
+434
+00:37:33,330 --> 00:37:37,790
+of these lemons will get by the inspector. Okay?
+
+435
+00:37:38,290 --> 00:37:42,210
+Occasionally, but only occasionally. Again, it is
+
+436
+00:37:42,210 --> 00:37:44,670
+focus. Okay?
+
+437
+00:37:48,180 --> 00:37:52,840
+or emphasis now for the adverbials for the
+
+438
+00:37:52,840 --> 00:37:56,980
+adverbials we
+
+439
+00:37:56,980 --> 00:38:01,240
+have three types of adverbials what is called
+
+440
+00:38:01,240 --> 00:38:09,740
+adjuncts disjuncts and conjuncts the adjunct is
+
+441
+00:38:09,740 --> 00:38:13,260
+the adverb the normal adverb It stands in a
+
+442
+00:38:13,260 --> 00:38:19,020
+sentence wherever you like according to
+
+443
+00:38:19,020 --> 00:38:22,740
+the structure of English. Okay? However, the
+
+444
+00:38:22,740 --> 00:38:27,220
+disjunct can be at the beginning of the sentence
+
+445
+00:38:27,220 --> 00:38:31,460
+followed by a comma. When I say, for example,
+
+446
+00:38:32,280 --> 00:38:37,480
+strictly speaking, linguistics is a very, very
+
+447
+00:38:37,480 --> 00:38:44,340
+beneficial science. Linguistics is a very nice
+
+448
+00:38:44,340 --> 00:38:50,520
+science. Syntax is the most important science in
+
+449
+00:38:50,520 --> 00:38:54,580
+linguistics. Okay, I say for example strictly
+
+450
+00:38:54,580 --> 00:38:58,800
+speaking, linguistically speaking, medically
+
+451
+00:38:58,800 --> 00:39:02,860
+speaking, geographically speaking, GIS is very
+
+452
+00:39:02,860 --> 00:39:07,500
+important subject. okay so if you have
+
+453
+00:39:07,500 --> 00:39:10,620
+linguistically speaking geographically speaking
+
+454
+00:39:10,620 --> 00:39:15,230
+strictly speaking This is called disjunct. It must
+
+455
+00:39:15,230 --> 00:39:19,910
+be followed by a comma. However, the adjunct does
+
+456
+00:39:19,910 --> 00:39:24,350
+not have a comma. It's an adverb that stands at
+
+457
+00:39:24,350 --> 00:39:27,310
+the beginning or in the middle or at the end of
+
+458
+00:39:27,310 --> 00:39:31,290
+the sentence without changing the meaning except
+
+459
+00:39:31,290 --> 00:39:35,930
+only in certain cases like the example of late and
+
+460
+00:39:35,930 --> 00:39:38,630
+lately which we mentioned at the beginning of the
+
+461
+00:39:38,630 --> 00:39:43,840
+class. We have what is called conjunct. That is
+
+462
+00:39:43,840 --> 00:39:48,500
+the conjunctions, the connectors, the
+
+463
+00:39:48,500 --> 00:39:52,700
+coordinators, okay? The conjunctions which join
+
+464
+00:39:52,700 --> 00:39:57,040
+between sentences, between simple sentences. These
+
+465
+00:39:57,040 --> 00:40:04,360
+are characterized by having commas, either before
+
+466
+00:40:04,360 --> 00:40:08,080
+or after. It depends on the connector itself.
+
+467
+00:40:13,070 --> 00:40:18,070
+Frankly, Martha, I don't get, I don't give a hoot.
+
+468
+00:40:18,890 --> 00:40:24,150
+Frankly. What do you call this? Disjunct. At the
+
+469
+00:40:24,150 --> 00:40:28,470
+beginning, it is followed by a comma. Frankly. I
+
+470
+00:40:28,470 --> 00:40:33,670
+say frankly speaking. Fortunately, no one was
+
+471
+00:40:33,670 --> 00:40:39,370
+hurt. Disjunct. It is followed by a comma. He came
+
+472
+00:40:39,370 --> 00:40:48,800
+very quickly to the class. Adjunct Okay As soon as
+
+473
+00:40:48,800 --> 00:40:53,360
+he entered the class he started the lecture as
+
+474
+00:40:53,360 --> 00:41:04,980
+soon as this is conjunct Okay If
+
+475
+00:41:04,980 --> 00:41:09,040
+they start smoking those awful cigars then I am
+
+476
+00:41:09,040 --> 00:41:14,780
+not staying then Conjunct. We've told the landlord
+
+477
+00:41:14,780 --> 00:41:18,820
+about the ceiling again and again and yet he
+
+478
+00:41:18,820 --> 00:41:25,740
+doesn't he does he is he has he's done nothing to
+
+479
+00:41:25,740 --> 00:41:32,520
+fix it yet conjunct nevertheless it is conjunct
+
+480
+00:41:32,520 --> 00:41:39,480
+however yes for
+
+481
+00:41:39,480 --> 00:41:44,550
+the adverbs We have what was called viewpoint
+
+482
+00:41:44,550 --> 00:41:53,710
+adverb, okay? These are agents, okay?
+
+483
+00:41:56,690 --> 00:42:03,570
+We have them available after the noun, if you
+
+484
+00:42:03,570 --> 00:42:08,750
+speak about the viewpoint, okay?
+
+485
+00:42:12,510 --> 00:42:15,130
+and also they are related to the adjective which
+
+486
+00:42:15,130 --> 00:42:19,650
+precedes the noun a successful athletic team is
+
+487
+00:42:19,650 --> 00:42:24,010
+often a good team scholastically scholastically
+
+488
+00:42:24,010 --> 00:42:29,150
+this comes at the sentence final position okay so
+
+489
+00:42:29,150 --> 00:42:34,770
+it is an adverb but
+
+490
+00:42:34,770 --> 00:42:40,110
+once I say scholastically a successful athletic
+
+491
+00:42:40,110 --> 00:42:46,470
+team is often a good team It becomes this junk. It
+
+492
+00:42:46,470 --> 00:42:50,870
+must be followed by a comma. When I say athlete,
+
+493
+00:42:51,070 --> 00:42:55,510
+it means sport.
+
+494
+00:42:56,610 --> 00:43:02,510
+Investing all our money in snowmobiles was
+
+495
+00:43:02,510 --> 00:43:07,350
+probably not a sound idea financially. Financially
+
+496
+00:43:07,350 --> 00:43:12,670
+is an adverb. What do you call it? Agent. Okay, it
+
+497
+00:43:12,670 --> 00:43:17,300
+is an agent. It is written without a comma. It is
+
+498
+00:43:17,300 --> 00:43:20,800
+part of the sentence. Now, if you omit it, you
+
+499
+00:43:20,800 --> 00:43:25,440
+change the meaning. However, for the disjunct, if
+
+500
+00:43:25,440 --> 00:43:28,880
+it is omitted, it doesn't change the meaning.
+
+501
+00:43:29,500 --> 00:43:35,680
+Okay? Yes? The first time, the adjunct?
+
+502
+00:43:39,660 --> 00:43:43,200
+Okay. These are adjuncts once we spoke about
+
+503
+00:43:43,200 --> 00:43:47,420
+scholastically or financially. Okay. We have lots
+
+504
+00:43:47,420 --> 00:43:49,080
+of examples.
+
+505
+00:43:54,520 --> 00:44:01,160
+I say, for example, he sometimes attends my
+
+506
+00:44:01,160 --> 00:44:07,040
+classes very attentively. And some other times he
+
+507
+00:44:07,040 --> 00:44:15,760
+gets absent. Okay? Attentively. It's an agent. It
+
+508
+00:44:15,760 --> 00:44:21,660
+is in the middle of the sentence. Sometimes it's
+
+509
+00:44:21,660 --> 00:44:24,500
+an agent. Once you write sometimes in the
+
+510
+00:44:24,500 --> 00:44:28,360
+sentence, do you use commas? This is an agent.
+
+511
+00:44:28,880 --> 00:44:33,220
+Okay? He always looks for liberating his country.
+
+512
+00:44:34,300 --> 00:44:40,980
+Always. Adjunct. Okay, the adjunct is an adverb
+
+513
+00:44:40,980 --> 00:44:45,220
+that stands in different forms either in manner
+
+514
+00:44:45,220 --> 00:44:51,660
+form or place, time, frequency, etc. However, the
+
+515
+00:44:51,660 --> 00:44:55,200
+disjunct begins in the beginning of the sentence
+
+516
+00:44:55,200 --> 00:44:59,690
+and must be followed by a comma. it if it is
+
+517
+00:44:59,690 --> 00:45:03,430
+omitted does not change the meaning but if you
+
+518
+00:45:03,430 --> 00:45:07,710
+change or if you omit the adjunct you change the
+
+519
+00:45:07,710 --> 00:45:11,290
+meaning or sometimes you violate the meaning you
+
+520
+00:45:11,290 --> 00:45:15,210
+violate the sentence okay the conjunct is
+
+521
+00:45:15,210 --> 00:45:18,890
+different it's a conjunction that joins between
+
+522
+00:45:18,890 --> 00:45:22,650
+the parts of the sentence okay
+
+523
+00:45:24,720 --> 00:45:28,620
+So a successful athletic team is often a good team
+
+524
+00:45:28,620 --> 00:45:34,300
+scholastically. Scholastically this is an adjunct
+
+525
+00:45:34,300 --> 00:45:38,400
+it's an adverb as you see financially is the same
+
+526
+00:45:38,400 --> 00:45:44,120
+okay next time we are going to continue with
+
+527
+00:45:44,120 --> 00:45:49,100
+adverbs and to speak more about Arabic And we are
+
+528
+00:45:49,100 --> 00:45:53,180
+going to shift to what is called teaching or games
+
+529
+00:45:53,180 --> 00:45:55,940
+for teaching adverbs, English adverbs to your
+
+530
+00:45:55,940 --> 00:46:01,620
+classes. I need you to prepare some games to show
+
+531
+00:46:01,620 --> 00:46:05,980
+how could we teach adverbs to our students next
+
+532
+00:46:05,980 --> 00:46:09,000
+time. So be ready for discussion next time. Thank
+
+533
+00:46:09,000 --> 00:46:09,580
+you for today.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/WuESVaTZjNY.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1227 @@
+
+1
+00:00:15,720 --> 00:00:21,720
+They are going to see the intonation is moving. In
+
+2
+00:00:21,720 --> 00:00:22,080
+English,
+
+3
+00:00:29,070 --> 00:00:31,750
+We have the intonation system which has different
+
+4
+00:00:31,750 --> 00:00:38,950
+functions. It is the difference in the shape of
+
+5
+00:00:38,950 --> 00:00:44,510
+the pitch, either high or rise or fall. We have
+
+6
+00:00:44,510 --> 00:00:47,750
+according to Konar, we have only two types of
+
+7
+00:00:47,750 --> 00:00:51,470
+intonation, rising intonation and falling
+
+8
+00:00:51,470 --> 00:00:52,030
+intonation.
+
+9
+00:00:55,430 --> 00:01:00,390
+Harma and Hajjaj just introduced six types of
+
+10
+00:01:00,390 --> 00:01:05,130
+intonation in English. At the same time, you have
+
+11
+00:01:05,130 --> 00:01:09,550
+three intonations in Arabic. The systems of both
+
+12
+00:01:09,550 --> 00:01:12,630
+English and Arabic intonations are completely
+
+13
+00:01:12,630 --> 00:01:18,570
+different. So we have our students move the pitch
+
+14
+00:01:18,570 --> 00:01:24,640
+system of Arabic into English, okay? speaking
+
+15
+00:01:24,640 --> 00:01:29,200
+English in a heavy accent. So we need to touch the
+
+16
+00:01:29,200 --> 00:01:32,300
+intonation system of English to avoid these
+
+17
+00:01:32,300 --> 00:01:38,880
+mistakes as much as we can. Okay? Now, we have the
+
+18
+00:01:38,880 --> 00:01:44,160
+function of the intonation system. Intonation is a
+
+19
+00:01:44,160 --> 00:01:47,960
+grammatical function. So to distinguish between
+
+20
+00:01:47,960 --> 00:01:51,320
+the declarative sentences and questions,
+
+21
+00:01:51,980 --> 00:01:58,440
+imperatives, we need For the declarative
+
+22
+00:01:58,440 --> 00:02:03,260
+sentences, they are always pronounced or mostly
+
+23
+00:02:03,260 --> 00:02:06,880
+pronounced in falling intonation at the end of the
+
+24
+00:02:06,880 --> 00:02:08,660
+sentence. Okay?
+
+25
+00:02:11,560 --> 00:02:18,220
+Rise, fall. However, in misnomer questions, for
+
+26
+00:02:18,220 --> 00:02:22,080
+example, we have
+
+27
+00:02:32,810 --> 00:02:36,150
+We have four pitches in English, this is the low
+
+28
+00:02:36,150 --> 00:02:42,960
+one High pitch, rising pitch. And we refer to them
+
+29
+00:02:42,960 --> 00:02:48,500
+as number one, low pitch, number two, medium,
+
+30
+00:02:49,300 --> 00:02:55,440
+number three, high pitch, number four, rise. So we
+
+31
+00:02:55,440 --> 00:03:00,440
+have the rising pitch number four. Now for the W
+
+32
+00:03:00,440 --> 00:03:04,600
+questions, they are, if we just refer to them by
+
+33
+00:03:04,600 --> 00:03:11,070
+numbers, they are two, three, one. Mid, high, low.
+
+34
+00:03:12,270 --> 00:03:18,090
+The reluctant questions are also 2, 3, 1. Mid,
+
+35
+00:03:18,390 --> 00:03:22,550
+high, low. The degenerative sentences are 2, 3, 1.
+
+36
+00:03:22,730 --> 00:03:30,510
+2, 3, 1. Okay? Mid, high, low. The yes-no
+
+37
+00:03:30,510 --> 00:03:31,170
+questions
+
+38
+00:03:36,110 --> 00:03:41,630
+Unless you emphasize a sentence. Unless you
+
+39
+00:03:41,630 --> 00:03:44,330
+emphasize a sentence or any word in a sentence,
+
+40
+00:03:44,530 --> 00:03:50,230
+then you have it in high pitch. So it becomes two,
+
+41
+00:03:50,690 --> 00:03:55,930
+three, one. This is for the yes, no questions. We
+
+42
+00:03:55,930 --> 00:04:00,070
+have the two question. It is also two, three, one.
+
+43
+00:04:07,830 --> 00:04:13,910
+So we need to touch all these areas of Indonesian
+
+44
+00:04:13,910 --> 00:04:19,010
+and see how can we pronounce English very
+
+45
+00:04:19,010 --> 00:04:23,610
+naturally and smoothly.
+
+46
+00:04:24,870 --> 00:04:32,250
+Now we let you see the native speakers of English
+
+47
+00:04:32,250 --> 00:04:36,210
+and how intonation is pronounced.
+
+48
+00:04:39,010 --> 00:04:43,950
+So listen to this lesson about intonation.
+
+49
+00:04:49,450 --> 00:04:56,310
+English Pronunciation Lesson 10 Topic Intonation
+
+50
+00:05:32,270 --> 00:05:33,630
+I'm going to try one of the most popular ones.
+
+51
+00:05:38,900 --> 00:05:44,080
+English Pronunciation, Lesson 10. Topic,
+
+52
+00:05:44,460 --> 00:05:48,000
+Intonation. Part 4.
+
+53
+00:05:53,820 --> 00:05:55,460
+Exercise 5.
+
+54
+00:05:57,940 --> 00:06:01,660
+Listening Task. Listen to a few of the questions
+
+55
+00:06:01,660 --> 00:06:05,130
+you heard in the interview. Can you identify which
+
+56
+00:06:05,130 --> 00:06:07,970
+questions use falling intonation and which ones
+
+57
+00:06:07,970 --> 00:06:13,930
+use rising intonation? Interview questions. One,
+
+58
+00:06:14,330 --> 00:06:19,250
+what do you do? Two, how long have you been
+
+59
+00:06:19,250 --> 00:06:23,750
+building flutes? Three, can I see one of your
+
+60
+00:06:23,750 --> 00:06:31,110
+flutes? Four, is this your flute? Did I read all
+
+61
+00:06:31,110 --> 00:06:33,430
+four questions with the same intonation pattern?
+
+62
+00:06:35,010 --> 00:06:38,450
+No. And that's because most yes-no questions use
+
+63
+00:06:38,450 --> 00:06:42,190
+rising intonation. Information questions, meaning
+
+64
+00:06:42,190 --> 00:06:45,410
+questions that begin with what, who, why, where,
+
+65
+00:06:45,670 --> 00:06:50,510
+when, how, etc. use falling intonation. If you
+
+66
+00:06:50,510 --> 00:06:53,490
+need to, go back and listen to how I read those
+
+67
+00:06:53,490 --> 00:06:58,390
+four questions. Now it's your turn to practice
+
+68
+00:06:58,390 --> 00:07:01,710
+intonation patterns in questions. Listen and
+
+69
+00:07:01,710 --> 00:07:09,820
+repeat. Number one. What do you do? Two. How long
+
+70
+00:07:09,820 --> 00:07:15,060
+have you been building flutes? Three. How long
+
+71
+00:07:15,060 --> 00:07:21,080
+does it take you to make a flute? Four. Can I see
+
+72
+00:07:21,080 --> 00:07:28,560
+one of your flutes? Five. Is this your flute? Six.
+
+73
+00:07:28,960 --> 00:07:30,180
+Can you play the flute?
+
+74
+00:07:33,360 --> 00:07:40,130
+Seven. What was that? Eight. Do you play any other
+
+75
+00:07:40,130 --> 00:07:40,590
+instruments?
+
+76
+00:07:43,150 --> 00:07:45,770
+Nine. How did you learn to play all these
+
+77
+00:07:45,770 --> 00:07:46,250
+instruments?
+
+78
+00:07:53,190 --> 00:07:57,330
+Exercise six. Read the question. Decide if falling
+
+79
+00:07:57,330 --> 00:08:01,430
+or rising intonation is needed. Finally, choose an
+
+80
+00:08:01,430 --> 00:08:04,010
+answer and read it with the correct intonation.
+
+81
+00:08:06,530 --> 00:08:09,070
+Example. I'll give you a moment to read the
+
+82
+00:08:09,070 --> 00:08:11,770
+question on your own, and then I'll read it to
+
+83
+00:08:11,770 --> 00:08:12,570
+provide a model.
+
+84
+00:08:15,590 --> 00:08:20,870
+Do you play an instrument? You can answer choosing
+
+85
+00:08:20,870 --> 00:08:24,210
+A or B. Both will be read with following
+
+86
+00:08:24,210 --> 00:08:28,570
+intonation. You can say, no, I don't. I wish I
+
+87
+00:08:28,570 --> 00:08:34,530
+did. Or, yes, I do. And tell me what you play. I
+
+88
+00:08:34,530 --> 00:08:38,350
+play the piano. Now you always use following
+
+89
+00:08:38,350 --> 00:08:41,630
+intonation in your answers unless you list items.
+
+90
+00:08:42,110 --> 00:08:44,030
+If you list items, use RASMUS.
+
+91
+00:08:55,250 --> 00:09:00,450
+English Pronunciation, Lesson 10. Topic,
+
+92
+00:09:00,750 --> 00:09:04,570
+Intonation. Now we have an intonation system, as
+
+93
+00:09:04,570 --> 00:09:09,710
+you see. The declarative sentences are always
+
+94
+00:09:09,710 --> 00:09:14,630
+ending with foreign information. The priority
+
+95
+00:09:14,630 --> 00:09:19,810
+questions, when, why, where, how, are also ending
+
+96
+00:09:19,810 --> 00:09:25,250
+with foreign information. The answer questions are
+
+97
+00:09:25,250 --> 00:09:31,890
+all high information. So high which at the end of
+
+98
+00:09:31,890 --> 00:09:35,210
+a word or mean the public word at the end of the
+
+99
+00:09:35,210 --> 00:09:35,610
+question.
+
+100
+00:09:39,990 --> 00:09:43,630
+Who prepared the lesson? Who prepared the lesson?
+
+101
+00:09:44,310 --> 00:09:50,270
+Okay. This is two, three, one. Because this is a
+
+102
+00:09:50,270 --> 00:09:55,030
+huge question. Okay. Did you attend the class? Did
+
+103
+00:09:55,030 --> 00:09:59,590
+you attend the class? The class is three, three.
+
+104
+00:10:00,330 --> 00:10:04,330
+High pitch, high pitch. Okay. The two question.
+
+105
+00:10:05,270 --> 00:10:10,850
+You attended the class. Okay? Again, class is
+
+106
+00:10:10,850 --> 00:10:17,510
+three-three. It is high pitch, high pitch. Okay?
+
+107
+00:10:18,310 --> 00:10:28,210
+The imperative is also two-three-three. Okay? So,
+
+108
+00:10:29,750 --> 00:10:34,990
+English intonation is of two types. It is mainly
+
+109
+00:10:34,990 --> 00:10:42,520
+of two types. The rising, rise, fall. Okay? Or
+
+110
+00:10:42,520 --> 00:10:49,600
+rise, rise. Okay? So, here we have in our lesson,
+
+111
+00:10:50,220 --> 00:10:54,140
+we have only two types spoken about. The
+
+112
+00:10:54,140 --> 00:10:58,800
+declarative and WH questions are of two, three,
+
+113
+00:10:58,920 --> 00:11:03,460
+one. The yes, no questions, the two questions are
+
+114
+00:11:03,460 --> 00:11:08,600
+two, We need to notice this and try to follow up
+
+115
+00:11:08,600 --> 00:11:15,300
+with the class about intonation recorded here.
+
+116
+00:11:20,760 --> 00:11:29,180
+English Pronunciation Lesson 10 Topic Intonation
+
+117
+00:11:29,180 --> 00:11:31,800
+Part 4
+
+118
+00:11:37,850 --> 00:11:39,290
+Exercise five.
+
+119
+00:11:41,670 --> 00:11:45,430
+Listening task. Listen to a few of the questions
+
+120
+00:11:45,430 --> 00:11:48,970
+you heard in the interview. Can you identify which
+
+121
+00:11:48,970 --> 00:11:53,170
+questions use following it? Topic, intonation.
+
+122
+00:11:55,090 --> 00:12:01,790
+Part four. Do you play an instrument? You can
+
+123
+00:12:01,790 --> 00:12:06,010
+answer choosing A or B. Both will be read with
+
+124
+00:12:06,010 --> 00:12:10,290
+falling intonation. You can say, no, I don't. I
+
+125
+00:12:10,290 --> 00:12:15,210
+wish I did. Or, yes, I do. And tell me what you
+
+126
+00:12:15,210 --> 00:12:20,130
+play. I play the piano. Now, you'll always use
+
+127
+00:12:20,130 --> 00:12:23,150
+falling intonation in your answers unless you list
+
+128
+00:12:23,150 --> 00:12:26,810
+items. If you list items, use rising intonation
+
+129
+00:12:26,810 --> 00:12:30,530
+until you get to the last item in your list. For
+
+130
+00:12:30,530 --> 00:12:34,350
+example, yes, I do. I play the flute, clarinet,
+
+131
+00:12:34,590 --> 00:12:35,510
+and saxophone.
+
+132
+00:12:38,230 --> 00:12:42,170
+Study tip. Do you have a study partner? If so,
+
+133
+00:12:42,350 --> 00:12:47,270
+take turns asking the questions. Let's begin.
+
+134
+00:12:47,830 --> 00:12:50,970
+Question one. Again, I'll pause to give you a
+
+135
+00:12:50,970 --> 00:12:52,810
+chance to read the question on your own.
+
+136
+00:12:55,810 --> 00:12:59,610
+What kind of music do you like? You could repeat
+
+137
+00:12:59,610 --> 00:13:04,580
+it, please. You could repeat it for me. okay could
+
+138
+00:13:04,580 --> 00:13:11,880
+you what kind of music do you like what
+
+139
+00:13:11,880 --> 00:13:18,420
+kind of music do you like okay the stress or the
+
+140
+00:13:18,420 --> 00:13:24,660
+high pitch is on like okay so this is like it's
+
+141
+00:13:24,660 --> 00:13:28,700
+three one high four okay
+
+142
+00:13:35,060 --> 00:13:42,040
+Music is three, three, okay? Can you read music?
+
+143
+00:13:42,540 --> 00:13:46,300
+This is three, three. Can you read music? Can you
+
+144
+00:13:46,300 --> 00:13:51,200
+read music? You is three, then one, okay? This is
+
+145
+00:13:51,200 --> 00:13:56,000
+called emphatic pitch, okay? Emphatic pitch. You
+
+146
+00:13:56,000 --> 00:14:00,580
+focus on the word you need to emphasize on. Can
+
+147
+00:14:00,580 --> 00:14:03,340
+you read music? Okay.
+
+148
+00:14:08,570 --> 00:14:09,610
+Question three.
+
+149
+00:14:13,290 --> 00:14:15,230
+Have you ever been to the opera?
+
+150
+00:14:18,550 --> 00:14:23,230
+The focus is on the opera, okay? Have you ever
+
+151
+00:14:23,230 --> 00:14:28,350
+been to the opera? Opera, okay? Have you ever been
+
+152
+00:14:28,350 --> 00:14:33,110
+to the opera? Have you? Okay, so the stress is on
+
+153
+00:14:33,110 --> 00:14:38,680
+you. So, Here, the intonation expresses your
+
+154
+00:14:38,680 --> 00:14:42,420
+feelings. We have the grammatical function, as I
+
+155
+00:14:42,420 --> 00:14:45,280
+mentioned. They distinguish between the statement
+
+156
+00:14:45,280 --> 00:14:49,840
+sentence and the question, the imperative, etc.
+
+157
+00:14:50,220 --> 00:14:54,980
+Also, it reflects the speaker's attitude. So, you
+
+158
+00:14:54,980 --> 00:14:59,240
+express by intonation your surprise, your
+
+159
+00:14:59,240 --> 00:15:04,140
+admiration, your excitement. Okay? So, it refers
+
+160
+00:15:04,140 --> 00:15:08,840
+to... It expresses anger. It expresses, as you
+
+161
+00:15:08,840 --> 00:15:13,380
+see, surprise, astonishment, admiration. Your
+
+162
+00:15:13,380 --> 00:15:16,680
+feeling can be translated on the intonation
+
+163
+00:15:16,680 --> 00:15:23,160
+system. Okay? Also, emphasis is translated by the
+
+164
+00:15:23,160 --> 00:15:27,220
+intonation system. The high pitch on whatever word
+
+165
+00:15:27,220 --> 00:15:29,080
+you need to stress on.
+
+166
+00:15:37,910 --> 00:15:38,930
+Question four.
+
+167
+00:15:41,910 --> 00:15:44,350
+How often do you listen to live music?
+
+168
+00:15:49,370 --> 00:15:52,470
+Okay. Question four. Who could read it for me?
+
+169
+00:15:54,130 --> 00:16:00,750
+Salha. How often do you like... How often do you
+
+170
+00:16:00,750 --> 00:16:04,550
+listen to live music? How often do you listen to
+
+171
+00:16:04,550 --> 00:16:09,250
+live music? How often do you listen to live music?
+
+172
+00:16:10,050 --> 00:16:17,230
+Live music is of high, fall. High, fall. Okay?
+
+173
+00:16:18,810 --> 00:16:25,010
+Every chance I get. Every chance I get. Okay? Get
+
+174
+00:16:25,010 --> 00:16:28,630
+is three, one. It is two, you start with medium,
+
+175
+00:16:29,230 --> 00:16:32,330
+then high, then fall. Okay?
+
+176
+00:16:35,610 --> 00:16:40,410
+Not as often as I'd like. Okay? Not as often as
+
+177
+00:16:40,410 --> 00:16:46,490
+I'd like. So, it is again two, three, one. The
+
+178
+00:16:46,490 --> 00:16:51,630
+three one is on the verb like. Yes. Sir, the high
+
+179
+00:16:51,630 --> 00:16:55,730
+and fall in live music, is it on something? No,
+
+180
+00:16:55,790 --> 00:16:59,610
+no, just the high and fall is on music itself,
+
+181
+00:16:59,690 --> 00:17:04,670
+live music. Okay? Yes. The last word, it is the
+
+182
+00:17:04,670 --> 00:17:09,470
+topic one. However, the rest of the question is of
+
+183
+00:17:09,470 --> 00:17:13,730
+medium pitch. So it is true. How often do you
+
+184
+00:17:13,730 --> 00:17:16,950
+listen to live music? Live music, you raise your
+
+185
+00:17:16,950 --> 00:17:19,690
+voice, then you fall, you have a falling
+
+186
+00:17:19,690 --> 00:17:20,250
+intonation.
+
+187
+00:17:26,830 --> 00:17:29,650
+At this point, I'd like to share some helpful tips
+
+188
+00:17:29,650 --> 00:17:34,610
+for more natural intonation. Here are some do's
+
+189
+00:17:34,610 --> 00:17:38,820
+and don'ts. Go up a little before a fall. So for
+
+190
+00:17:38,820 --> 00:17:41,580
+good falling intonation, your voice needs to come
+
+191
+00:17:41,580 --> 00:17:45,620
+down from a higher note. Also, go down a little
+
+192
+00:17:45,620 --> 00:17:49,420
+before a rise. So for good rising intonation, your
+
+193
+00:17:49,420 --> 00:17:53,420
+voice needs to come up from a lower note. Finally,
+
+194
+00:17:53,920 --> 00:17:57,380
+start a statement at mid-pitch. Don't start too
+
+195
+00:17:57,380 --> 00:18:01,740
+high or low. Let me demonstrate all of this
+
+196
+00:18:01,740 --> 00:18:05,75
+
+223
+00:19:46,800 --> 00:19:50,380
+and then step down. There are more unstressed
+
+224
+00:19:50,380 --> 00:19:53,780
+words following, so our voice will either continue
+
+225
+00:19:53,780 --> 00:19:56,900
+to go down or at least stay at that low pitch
+
+226
+00:19:56,900 --> 00:20:00,920
+until we end up the statement. Eric is the only
+
+227
+00:20:00,920 --> 00:20:05,380
+musician among them. Now, at the end of our
+
+228
+00:20:05,380 --> 00:20:09,540
+example, we have a question. Okay. We're asking a
+
+229
+00:20:09,540 --> 00:20:11,740
+yes or no question, so we'll use rising
+
+230
+00:20:11,740 --> 00:20:15,680
+intonation. And what is the final content word?
+
+231
+00:20:15,880 --> 00:20:18,920
+It's neighborhood. But is that the word that
+
+232
+00:20:18,920 --> 00:20:23,020
+receives primary stress? I'd argue no, because
+
+233
+00:20:23,020 --> 00:20:26,220
+we're going to contrast your neighborhood and my
+
+234
+00:20:26,220 --> 00:20:29,020
+neighborhood. At first, I'm talking about my
+
+235
+00:20:29,020 --> 00:20:31,580
+neighbors. Now I want to know about your
+
+236
+00:20:31,580 --> 00:20:34,680
+neighbors. So stress is on your.
+
+237
+00:20:38,320 --> 00:20:41,020
+So if this is the point where our voice rises,
+
+238
+00:20:41,380 --> 00:20:44,580
+there must first be a fall, a drop in your voice.
+
+239
+00:20:45,120 --> 00:20:49,460
+Without that drop, the rise is too sharp. Listen.
+
+240
+00:20:50,500 --> 00:20:54,160
+Are there any musicians in your neighborhood? It
+
+241
+00:20:54,160 --> 00:20:56,890
+sounds unnatural. So at first, there's a little
+
+242
+00:20:56,890 --> 00:21:00,650
+bit of a drop. We go up and lower. And because we
+
+243
+00:21:00,650 --> 00:21:03,130
+have more unstressed syllables following, our
+
+244
+00:21:03,130 --> 00:21:07,710
+voice will continue to go up. So there's a bit of
+
+245
+00:21:07,710 --> 00:21:10,730
+a drop. And then we continue to go up, up, up, up
+
+246
+00:21:10,730 --> 00:21:13,650
+until the end of the question. Are there any
+
+247
+00:21:13,650 --> 00:21:17,510
+musicians in your neighborhood? Listen to the
+
+248
+00:21:17,510 --> 00:21:21,410
+entire example now. I know several of my
+
+249
+00:21:21,410 --> 00:21:24,410
+neighbors. Eric is the only musician among them.
+
+250
+00:21:25,000 --> 00:21:26,920
+Are there any musicians in your neighborhood?
+
+251
+00:21:32,700 --> 00:21:36,200
+Exercise seven. Listen closely to the statement.
+
+252
+00:21:36,780 --> 00:21:42,140
+What does the intonation tell you? Examples. One.
+
+253
+00:21:42,760 --> 00:21:48,080
+This is jazz. Following intonation tells you the
+
+254
+00:21:48,080 --> 00:21:51,080
+speaker is certain. Now listen to example two.
+
+255
+00:21:51,860 --> 00:21:53,220
+This is jazz.
+
+256
+00:21:56,010 --> 00:21:58,610
+So, what about the speaker? Is he certain or
+
+257
+00:21:58,610 --> 00:22:01,950
+uncertain? Uncertain. Because this is question.
+
+258
+00:22:02,830 --> 00:22:06,370
+So, this is jazz. This is called tune question.
+
+259
+00:22:07,270 --> 00:22:14,570
+So, it must be two, three, three. Okay? Two, mid,
+
+260
+00:22:14,790 --> 00:22:21,630
+high, high. This is jazz. Rising intonation tells
+
+261
+00:22:21,630 --> 00:22:23,210
+you that the speaker is uncertain.
+
+262
+00:22:26,120 --> 00:22:31,240
+Let's begin. Number one, Alice Fitzgerald was a
+
+263
+00:22:31,240 --> 00:22:31,480
+singer?
+
+264
+00:22:37,440 --> 00:22:44,340
+Yes. This is a question. It is tune question. Is
+
+265
+00:22:44,340 --> 00:22:47,460
+it certain or uncertain? Uncertain. Uncertain. So,
+
+266
+00:22:48,000 --> 00:22:53,400
+the last word singer must be three, three. High,
+
+267
+00:22:53,520 --> 00:23:02,720
+high. Two, John Williams composes music. John
+
+268
+00:23:02,720 --> 00:23:06,520
+Williams composes music, so it is certain. It must
+
+269
+00:23:06,520 --> 00:23:09,820
+be two, three, one. Two, three, one.
+
+270
+00:23:13,000 --> 00:23:17,940
+Three, I like soft rock, folk music, jazz,
+
+271
+00:23:18,500 --> 00:23:19,020
+classical.
+
+272
+00:23:22,260 --> 00:23:26,900
+Is it certain or uncertain? She speaks about
+
+273
+00:23:26,900 --> 00:23:30,620
+herself, her favorite music. This is certain,
+
+274
+00:23:31,160 --> 00:23:37,760
+okay? The last item is pronounced with rise-fall
+
+275
+00:23:37,760 --> 00:23:41,260
+intonation because this is called listing.
+
+276
+00:23:44,240 --> 00:23:48,020
+Four. Turn up the radio. I like the song.
+
+277
+00:23:52,240 --> 00:23:58,240
+Turn on the radio. I like the song. Certain. Okay?
+
+278
+00:23:59,360 --> 00:24:04,120
+Turn on the radio. This is two, three, one. Okay?
+
+279
+00:24:04,240 --> 00:24:07,860
+I like the song. Now we have turn on the radio, I
+
+280
+00:24:07,860 --> 00:24:10,860
+like the song. So this means that you have to
+
+281
+00:24:10,860 --> 00:24:14,620
+pronounce it in two, three, two, three, one. If
+
+282
+00:24:14,620 --> 00:24:18,400
+you have two sentences joined together, then the
+
+283
+00:24:18,400 --> 00:24:24,520
+pronunciation comes by mid, high, mid, high, low.
+
+284
+00:24:25,960 --> 00:24:31,180
+Turn on the radio. I like this music. Okay? Turn
+
+285
+00:24:31,180 --> 00:24:35,120
+on the radio. I like this music. Okay?
+
+286
+00:24:49,360 --> 00:24:54,500
+Exercise eight. Listening task. Watch the final
+
+287
+00:24:54,500 --> 00:24:57,750
+video clip. Observe the use of falling and rising
+
+288
+00:24:57,750 --> 00:24:58,590
+intonation.
+
+289
+00:25:03,570 --> 00:25:08,070
+Do you perform? I do. I perform on flute mostly
+
+290
+00:25:08,070 --> 00:25:11,330
+these days. Who do you perform for or who do you
+
+291
+00:25:11,330 --> 00:25:16,510
+perform with? I play with a group. What did you
+
+292
+00:25:16,510 --> 00:25:21,430
+see? This means that you need him to repeat. Okay?
+
+293
+00:25:22,410 --> 00:25:32,340
+C is here we have 3, 1. 3, 1 at C. Okay?
+
+294
+00:25:38,120 --> 00:25:44,880
+Also for making... I say, once you need to ask
+
+295
+00:25:44,880 --> 00:25:47,720
+about a question, you need some explanation, more
+
+296
+00:25:47,720 --> 00:25:52,620
+explanation. I studied in London. I studied my PhD
+
+297
+00:25:52,620 --> 00:25:56,710
+in London. You say, London? London, this means
+
+298
+00:25:56,710 --> 00:25:59,950
+that you don't know about London and you need more
+
+299
+00:25:59,950 --> 00:26:05,590
+explanation, okay? Yesterday, our teacher
+
+300
+00:26:05,590 --> 00:26:12,550
+explained the geography of Papua New Guinea. Papua
+
+301
+00:26:12,550 --> 00:26:15,690
+New Guinea, this means that you don't understand
+
+302
+00:26:15,690 --> 00:26:18,650
+anything about this state, so you need more
+
+303
+00:26:18,650 --> 00:26:20,730
+explanation, okay?
+
+304
+00:26:25,250 --> 00:26:28,990
+Once you express agreement, this is an intact
+
+305
+00:26:28,990 --> 00:26:34,210
+question. You know him, do you? You know him, do
+
+306
+00:26:34,210 --> 00:26:39,590
+you? When I say high rise, this means that it is
+
+307
+00:26:39,590 --> 00:26:46,550
+two, three, three. You know him, do you? So, do
+
+308
+00:26:46,550 --> 00:26:50,850
+you is two, you, three, three. You know him, do
+
+309
+00:26:50,850 --> 00:26:53,510
+you? Okay.
+
+310
+00:26:56,470 --> 00:27:01,650
+We have number three, the low fall. The low fall
+
+311
+00:27:01,650 --> 00:27:05,170
+intonation, where the voice starts at a medium
+
+312
+00:27:05,170 --> 00:27:10,130
+pitch and falls to the low pitch. This is to
+
+313
+00:27:10,130 --> 00:27:13,030
+express cold and reserved speech.
+
+314
+00:27:15,570 --> 00:27:17,030
+When I say, for example,
+
+315
+00:27:19,830 --> 00:27:24,930
+I have taken my timetable and I found that Dr.
+
+316
+00:27:25,010 --> 00:27:27,550
+Amir is going to teach us comparative linguistics.
+
+317
+00:27:28,610 --> 00:27:36,250
+Who? Who? This is reserved reaction. Okay. Who?
+
+318
+00:27:36,650 --> 00:27:39,850
+Okay. I went yesterday for making shopping with my
+
+319
+00:27:39,850 --> 00:27:44,450
+daughter and bought here a very nice Islamic
+
+320
+00:27:44,450 --> 00:27:50,510
+uniform. You say good. Good. This means that you
+
+321
+00:27:50,510 --> 00:27:56,230
+don't mind. Okay? Good. Okay? So, this is called
+
+322
+00:27:56,230 --> 00:27:59,810
+reserved speech pronounced in the lawful
+
+323
+00:27:59,810 --> 00:28:04,330
+intonation. Also, once you describe or you show
+
+324
+00:28:04,330 --> 00:28:13,470
+someone how you guide someone, to a certain place,
+
+325
+00:28:13,510 --> 00:28:16,410
+for example. You describe the way for him. Go down
+
+326
+00:28:16,410 --> 00:28:22,110
+the street, turn left, turn right, leave the first
+
+327
+00:28:22,110 --> 00:28:26,670
+three exits, then turn left. Okay? Go for about
+
+328
+00:28:26,670 --> 00:28:29,550
+ten minutes until reaching the first traffic
+
+329
+00:28:29,550 --> 00:28:34,130
+light, then turn left again. Turn left again.
+
+330
+00:28:34,890 --> 00:28:42,340
+Okay? So, we have lots of types here we have six
+
+331
+00:28:42,340 --> 00:28:45,900
+types we only explained three and now we run out
+
+332
+00:28:45,900 --> 00:28:48,540
+of time so next time we are going to continue
+
+333
+00:28:48,540 --> 00:28:50,540
+thank you for listening

PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/ZT-kkKctmDs.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1291 @@
+1
+00:00:13,440 --> 00:00:17,760
+Today Inshallah, we are going to see a new chapter
+
+2
+00:00:17,760 --> 00:00:23,760
+that is Morphology word formation How to
+
+3
+00:00:23,760 --> 00:00:28,060
+formulate words in English and Arabic as well Okay
+
+4
+00:00:34,558 --> 00:00:38,680
+So, there are in English several ways of
+
+5
+00:00:38,680 --> 00:00:39,880
+formulating words.
+
+6
+00:00:43,300 --> 00:00:49,080
+This is by the use of bound morphemes, either
+
+7
+00:00:49,080 --> 00:00:55,300
+suffixes or prefixes. Also, we have what is called
+
+8
+00:00:55,300 --> 00:01:00,420
+infixes; these all together are called affixes.
+
+9
+00:01:00,420 --> 00:01:06,360
+Okay, so in English in Arabic in all languages we
+
+10
+00:01:06,360 --> 00:01:10,500
+have morphemes which are of two types, three 
+
+11
+00:01:10,500 --> 00:01:16,700
+morphemes: free morphemes and bound morphemes. We are going to
+
+12
+00:01:16,700 --> 00:01:22,760
+focus on three points: derivation, inflection and
+
+13
+00:01:23,120 --> 00:01:26,360
+compounding. Today we are going to focus on the
+
+14
+00:01:26,360 --> 00:01:35,900
+first point, that is derivation. Okay, most
+
+15
+00:01:35,900 --> 00:01:40,940
+of the English words are derived from this system;
+
+16
+00:01:40,940 --> 00:01:43,420
+I mean, derivation. 
+
+17
+00:01:47,640 --> 00:01:51,880
+So the derived elements, I mean suffixes or
+
+18
+00:01:51,880 --> 00:01:56,760
+prefixes or infixes, can change the meaning of a
+
+19
+00:01:56,760 --> 00:01:57,060
+word.
+
+20
+00:02:00,940 --> 00:02:06,720
+Okay? For example, "true" and "untrue". Okay? You have
+
+21
+00:02:06,720 --> 00:02:07,260
+the opposite.
+
+22
+00:02:10,970 --> 00:02:14,110
+And also you have the derivation changing the
+
+23
+00:02:14,110 --> 00:02:18,730
+lexical category of a word. For example, "true" is
+
+24
+00:02:18,730 --> 00:02:26,510
+an adjective, "truly" is an adverb, "truth" is a noun.
+
+25
+00:03:05,120 --> 00:03:06,560
+So you have.
+
+26
+00:03:23,800 --> 00:03:29,660
+In derivation, the meaning of a word can change or
+
+27
+00:03:29,660 --> 00:03:34,000
+the lexical category of the word can change. Okay?
+
+28
+00:03:34,520 --> 00:03:40,820
+We need to touch these phenomena one by one and
+
+29
+00:03:40,820 --> 00:03:48,020
+see how nouns are derived from nouns. Yes. And how
+
+30
+00:03:48,020 --> 00:03:51,680
+other elements or parts of speech are derived from
+
+31
+00:03:51,680 --> 00:03:58,920
+each other. So we have suffixes that mean small
+
+32
+00:03:58,920 --> 00:04:08,380
+such as "drop," "droplet," "droplet." You add "-let," okay,
+
+33
+00:04:08,380 --> 00:04:18,520
+it becomes smaller than "drop." "Book," "booklet." "-Let"
+
+34
+00:04:18,520 --> 00:04:22,780
+is smaller than "booklet" is smaller than "book."
+
+35
+00:04:25,310 --> 00:04:32,790
+"Cigar," "cigarette," "-ette" it's smaller than "cigar." 
+
+36
+00:04:32,790 --> 00:04:35,990
+"Dog."
+
+37
+00:04:35,990 --> 00:04:43,570
+"Doggy." Smaller than "dog," this is by adding "-ie," and we 
+
+38
+00:04:43,570 --> 00:04:47,310
+have doubling here because the last consonant is
+
+39
+00:04:47,310 --> 00:04:52,300
+preceded by a short vowel, okay? In case of having a
+
+40
+00:04:52,300 --> 00:04:59,060
+short vowel then we double the last consonant, we
+
+41
+00:04:59,060 --> 00:05:05,320
+have suffixes only for making female for gender, so
+
+42
+00:05:05,320 --> 00:05:15,980
+"-ess" or "-ine." "Waiter," "waitress," "prince," "princess," "hero,"
+
+43
+00:05:15,980 --> 00:05:22,490
+"heroine," okay? So we have these two suffixes added
+
+44
+00:05:22,490 --> 00:05:26,030
+to the word itself, changing its meaning.
+
+45
+00:05:28,710 --> 00:05:34,110
+We have also suffixes specifically for making
+
+46
+00:05:34,110 --> 00:05:35,670
+nationalities.
+
+47
+00:05:37,290 --> 00:05:45,630
+I say "Palestine," "Palestinian." "London," "Londoner." "New 
+
+48
+00:05:45,630 --> 00:05:49,790
+York," "New Yorker." You see?
+
+49
+00:05:52,590 --> 00:05:55,890
+"Texan," "Glaswegian" from "Glasgow."
+
+50
+00:05:59,830 --> 00:06:10,570
+We have some suffixes for making state of being,
+
+51
+00:06:10,770 --> 00:06:14,750
+the manner, the position, the position of someone.
+
+52
+00:06:15,390 --> 00:06:23,890
+"Ship." "Hood." I say "king," "kingship." "Lady," "ladyship." 
+
+53
+00:06:24,570 --> 00:06:33,230
+"Mother," "motherhood." "Priest," "priesthood." Okay? We
+
+54
+00:06:33,230 --> 00:06:37,970
+have some suffixes just for making devotion; I
+
+55
+00:06:37,970 --> 00:06:43,540
+mean, professions and handicrafts, the profession
+
+56
+00:06:43,540 --> 00:06:48,500
+of someone, It is a noun. This is done by adding "-IST" or "-IAN." We have "contortion," "contortionist."
+
+57
+00:06:48,500 --> 00:06:56,800
+"Islam," "Islamist." "Logic," "logician." "History,"
+
+58
+00:06:58,000 --> 00:07:04,700
+"historian."
+
+59
+00:07:05,360 --> 00:07:05,840
+"Technician," "linguistician," we have nouns derived
+
+60
+00:07:14,470 --> 00:07:20,010
+from adjectives by adding "-ity." When I say for
+
+61
+00:07:20,010 --> 00:07:24,050
+example, "pure." "Pure" is an adjective, okay? Adding "-ity"
+
+62
+00:07:24,050 --> 00:07:30,010
+becomes "purity" and this is a noun. "Equal" is an
+
+63
+00:07:30,010 --> 00:07:35,810
+adjective, "equality" it is a noun.
+
+64
+00:07:35,810 --> 00:07:39,230
+"Fidelity," "sensitivity," "sensitive." "Sensitivity," we
+
+65
+00:07:44,780 --> 00:07:52,400
+have "-NESS." Okay? Also derived, we have
+
+66
+00:07:52,400 --> 00:07:58,840
+nouns derived from adjectives by adding "-NESS." 
+
+67
+00:07:58,840 --> 00:08:01,980
+"Good." "Goodness." "Tall," "tallness." "Forest." Or "fierce," 
+
+68
+00:08:02,640 --> 00:08:11,180
+"fierceness." "Sensitive," "sensitiveness," as it is 
+
+69
+00:08:12,060 --> 00:08:18,250
+completely like "sensitivity." 
+
+70
+00:08:18,250 --> 00:08:20,050
+"ISM" in the part of speech, both are nouns.
+
+71
+00:08:22,970 --> 00:08:28,610
+"ISM," I mean, "ISM," as "radical," "radicalism."
+
+72
+00:08:30,030 --> 00:08:34,070
+"Conservatism." "American," "Americanism." "Palestinian,"
+
+73
+00:08:40,010 --> 00:08:46,870
+"Palestinianism," okay? These are nouns derived from
+
+74
+00:08:47,670 --> 00:08:53,850
+adjectives. We now have nouns derived from verbs, 
+
+75
+00:08:53,850 --> 00:08:58,290
+okay? And here we have a number of suffixes used 
+
+76
+00:08:59,110 --> 00:09:06,710
+for deriving nouns from verbs. We use "-ance," as in
+
+77
+00:09:06,710 --> 00:09:16,250
+"perform," "performance," "ignore," "ignorance," "refer,"
+
+78
+00:09:16,250 --> 00:09:23,130
+"reference," "convert" or "converge," "convergence,"
+
+79
+00:09:24,310 --> 00:09:30,090
+"accept," "acceptance," "dependence." Okay, we have also
+
+80
+00:09:31,370 --> 00:09:38,750
+a suffix called "-ment" M-E-N-T. Okay? "Announce,"
+
+81
+00:09:38,750 --> 00:09:43,650
+"announcement." "Commit," "commitment." "Develop," "development," 
+
+82
+00:09:43,650 --> 00:09:54,190
+"engage," "engagement." "Agree," "placement." Okay, we 
+
+83
+00:09:54,190 --> 00:10:04,290
+have also nouns derived from verbs by adding "-ing."
+
+84
+00:10:04,290 --> 00:10:10,770
+"Paint," "painting," "sing," "build," "ignore." Okay, right.
+
+85
+00:10:10,770 --> 00:10:22,250
+"Listen," "speak," "dive," yes. This is by adding only "-ing." 
+
+86
+00:10:22,250 --> 00:10:32,730
+Okay? We have "-ion," this 
+
+87
+00:10:32,730 --> 00:10:44,990
+is added or "-tion," this is added to the verb and
+
+88
+00:10:44,990 --> 00:10:50,570
+this comes out with a noun "denomination."
+
+89
+00:10:50,570 --> 00:10:58,350
+Sorry, "denomination." This is from "denominate." "Commit,"
+
+90
+00:10:58,350 --> 00:11:05,790
+"commission." "Organize," "organization." "Confuse," "confusion," 
+
+91
+00:11:05,790 --> 00:11:14,150
+"confusion," okay. We have "-al," added to the verb comes
+
+92
+00:11:14,150 --> 00:11:19,950
+out with a noun "refuse," "arrive," "refer," "commit," "ahkel," 
+
+93
+00:11:19,950 --> 00:11:30,590
+"committed," "propose." Yes. We have also "-ER" or "-OR."
+
+94
+00:11:30,590 --> 00:11:37,860
+"Paint," "painter." "Sing," "singer." "Organize," "organizer."
+
+95
+00:11:38,160 --> 00:11:43,940
+"Grinder," "grinder," "grinder." As you see, these are
+
+96
+00:11:44,440 --> 00:11:48,720
+professions or handicrafts, they are done by
+
+97
+00:11:48,720 --> 00:11:53,100
+adding "-ER." So you refer to someone, you refer to 
+
+98
+00:11:53,100 --> 00:11:57,000
+the profession of someone or the handicraft of 
+
+99
+00:11:57,000 --> 00:11:59,140
+someone by adding "-ER." I say "farm." "Farmer." "Farmer."
+
+100
+00:12:06,760 --> 00:12:12,200
+"Build." Okay, we
+
+101
+00:12:12,200 --> 00:12:18,560
+have "-OR," as in "lead," "leader," "act," "actor," "direct," 
+
+102
+00:12:18,560 --> 00:12:24,180
+"director," okay. And sometimes we have the prefix the
+
+103
+00:12:24,180 --> 00:12:28,280
+suffix "-y," added to the verb. This comes out
+
+104
+00:12:28,280 --> 00:12:32,920
+with a noun, as in "deliver," "delivery," "flatter," 
+
+105
+00:12:34,840 --> 00:12:38,020
+"discover." "Discovering." "Recover." "Recovering." 
+
+106
+00:12:42,980 --> 00:12:52,320
+We have "-acy," suffix, comes out with nouns. So, we 
+
+107
+00:12:52,320 --> 00:12:55,060
+have nouns derived from a number of words by
+
+108
+00:12:55,060 --> 00:13:00,680
+adding these suffixes: "-acy" or "-age," A-G-E, or "-dom,"
+
+109
+00:13:00,800 --> 00:13:08,010
+D-O-M, or "-ery" or "-ry." So, we have "conspiracy" from
+
+110
+00:13:08,010 --> 00:13:17,970
+"conspire," "supremacy" from "supreme," "coin," "coinage," "short,"
+
+111
+00:13:17,970 --> 00:13:30,030
+"percent," "shrink," "king," "free," "duke," or "duke," "dukedom," 
+
+112
+00:13:30,030 --> 00:13:33,730
+"slave," "refined."
+
+113
+00:13:37,640 --> 00:13:41,640
+"Refinery." Now we have adjectives derived from other
+
+114
+00:13:41,640 --> 00:13:49,580
+adjectives. This is referring to the smallest
+
+115
+00:13:49,580 --> 00:13:57,680
+degree of things. I say, for example, "green," okay, this
+
+116
+00:13:57,680 --> 00:14:02,220
+is dark green. I need to have it as light green. I 
+
+117
+00:14:02,220 --> 00:14:10,370
+say "greenish." "Brown," "brownish." "Small," "smallish." 
+
+118
+00:14:11,150 --> 00:14:17,150
+Okay? So "-ISH" refers to the small 
+
+119
+00:14:17,150 --> 00:14:24,390
+quantity or the small quality. Okay? "Remote,"
+
+120
+00:14:25,390 --> 00:14:26,070
+"remotish." 
+
+121
+00:14:28,550 --> 00:14:29,670
+Okay? 
+
+122
+00:14:34,510 --> 00:14:41,770
+We have the prefix that is also shown 
+
+123
+00:14:41,770 --> 00:14:45,610
+to the beginning of a word or an adjective, this 
+
+124
+00:14:45,610 --> 00:14:48,410
+comes out with another adjective. I say, for example, 
+
+125
+00:14:48,410 --> 00:14:51,850
+for the previous items, "green." This is adjective 
+
+126
+00:14:51,850 --> 00:14:57,430
+when I say "greenish," suffix still adjective. "Small," 
+
+127
+00:14:57,430 --> 00:15:02,860
+adjective. "Smallish" remains adjective, okay. "Remote" 
+
+128
+00:15:02,860 --> 00:15:09,340
+"remote" is also adjective. "Remotish" is adjective, so
+
+129
+00:15:09,340 --> 00:15:14,160
+once we have "happy," "unhappy." This is another
+
+130
+00:15:14,160 --> 00:15:22,520
+adjective, "reliable" and "unreliable," "sure" and "unsure" 
+
+131
+00:15:22,520 --> 00:15:27,620
+"discovered," okay. And "discover," 
+
+132
+00:15:30,370 --> 00:15:35,990
+so these "oh," I mean, the "UN" or "IN," is very productive 
+
+133
+00:15:35,990 --> 00:15:41,550
+prefix, can be added to any adjective, making the
+
+134
+00:15:41,550 --> 00:15:47,750
+opposite okay, the antonym of the same adjective 
+
+135
+00:15:50,940 --> 00:15:55,140
+We have other prefixes for making adjectives like
+
+136
+00:15:55,140 --> 00:16:06,640
+"ir," "im," "dis," "mis," "non." Okay? So, you have "tangible," this 
+
+137
+00:16:06,640 --> 00:16:16,020
+is "intangible." "Legal," "illegal," okay. "Responsible."
+
+138
+00:16:17,260 --> 00:16:20,800
+"Responsible." Not "irresponsible." This is Arabic. 
+
+139
+00:16:20,800 --> 00:16:23,920
+"Responsible,"
+
+140
+00:16:24,440 --> 00:16:30,160
+"irresponsible," okay. "Possible," "impossible."
+
+141
+00:16:33,130 --> 00:16:36,610
+We have other productive prefixes. I mean, you can
+
+142
+00:16:36,610 --> 00:16:40,610
+add it before or add it to the beginning of an 
+
+143
+00:16:40,610 --> 00:16:43,050
+adjective that comes out with the antonym of the
+
+144
+00:16:43,050 --> 00:16:48,590
+same adjective, Like "DIS," as in "order," "disorder."
+
+145
+00:16:49,290 --> 00:16:55,970
+"Obey," "disobey." "Trust," "mistrust." "Understand," 
+
+146
+00:16:56,910 --> 00:17:01,670
+"misunderstand." "Cooperative," "non-cooperative."
+
+147
+00:17:02,420 --> 00:17:04,980
+"Existent." Okay? 
+
+148
+00:17:10,580 --> 00:17:16,280
+Still, we have suffixes added to a number of
+
+149
+00:17:16,280 --> 00:17:21,200
+words. This comes out with other parts of speech,
+
+150
+00:17:22,020 --> 00:17:28,300
+mainly adjectives. We have "-able" as in or "-ed." I 
+
+151
+00:17:28,300 --> 00:17:32,500
+say, for example, "break," "breakable." Okay, it is 
+
+152
+00:17:32,500 --> 00:17:39,120
+liable to breaking, okay? "Agree," "agreeable," "remarkable." 
+
+153
+00:17:39,120 --> 00:17:47,120
+"Remark," "remarkable," "rely," "reliable," "read," "right,"
+
+154
+00:17:47,120 --> 00:17:55,340
+"writeable," okay. We have "-ant" or "-ent," "-int" or 
+
+155
+00:17:55,340 --> 00:17:56,980
+"-ent," this is 
+
+156
+00:18:01,150 --> 00:18:09,650
+"rebel," "rebellent," "expect," "expectant," "excellent." 
+
+157
+00:18:09,950 --> 00:18:18,810
+"Excel," "excellent," "confide," "confident," "dependent." 
+
+158
+00:18:19,130 --> 00:18:27,290
+We have also the suffix "-IVE" as "repulse," "repulsive." 
+
+159
+00:18:28,250 --> 00:18:35,960
+"Explore." "Explore." "Explosives." "Create." "Attract,"
+
+160
+00:18:36,920 --> 00:18:39,120
+"select," "prevent,"
+
+161
+00:18:41,560 --> 00:18:47,220
+"instruct," "instructive." We
+
+162
+00:18:47,220 --> 00:18:52,380
+have suffixes also made from nouns by adding "F-U-L"
+
+163
+00:18:52,380 --> 00:19:00,020
+"-ful," as in "joy." "Joy" is a noun. "Joyful," "hope," "help,"
+
+164
+00:19:02,180 --> 00:19:11,600
+"meaning," "meaning," Okay? "power," "skill," "faith," "beautiful,"
+
+165
+00:19:11,600 --> 00:19:18,840
+sorry, "beauty," "success," also, we have the antonym or
+
+166
+00:19:18,840 --> 00:19:24,480
+the opposite derived by from the same noun. By
+
+167
+00:19:24,480 --> 00:19:32,430
+adding "-less" it becomes adjective, "joy," "joylessness,"
+
+168
+00:19:32,730 --> 00:19:38,990
+"hope," "hopeless," "help," "meaningless," "meaning," yes,
+
+169
+00:19:39,510 --> 00:19:48,410
+"power," "home," "worth," "use," yes. So, we have also "-al"
+
+170
+00:19:48,410 --> 00:19:52,890
+as a suffix added to the noun, This comes out with 
+
+171
+00:19:52,890 --> 00:20:00,070
+an adjective, "origin," "normal," sorry, "norm," "person," 
+
+172
+00:20:00,070 --> 00:20:12,430
+"nation," "national," "universe," "region," "regional," also 
+
+173
+00:20:12,430 --> 00:20:17,730
+once you need to make I, to add "-ISH," this is for
+
+174
+00:20:17,730 --> 00:20:25,610
+making the least degree, when I say "boy," "boy," "boy,"
+
+175
+00:20:26,590 --> 00:20:40,050
+"boyish," okay. "Self," "selfish," okay? "Wasp," "waspish," "lout,"
+
+176
+00:20:40,050 --> 00:20:48,750
+"louty," "loutish," "loutish," "fool," "foolish," "child," "sheep," 
+
+177
+00:20:48,750 --> 00:20:54,650
+"sheepish," okay? Why this is added, added to the noun
+
+178
+00:20:54,650 --> 00:21:01,010
+making adjective "fun." Why do we add another "N"? Why
+
+179
+00:21:01,010 --> 00:21:04,490
+we double the "N" because it is preceded by a short 
+
+180
+00:21:04,490 --> 00:21:14,970
+vowel, so "fun," "funny," "storm," "sun," "sunny," "guilt," "mess,"
+
+181
+00:21:14,970 --> 00:21:22,190
+"wealth," "gloom," as you see. So, we can also have "-y,"
+
+182
+00:21:23,000 --> 00:21:27,300
+okay
+
+223
+00:26:16,730 --> 00:26:22,490
+Critic? Criticize. Okay. Beauty? Beautify.
+
+224
+00:26:22,910 --> 00:26:24,710
+Beautify. We add FY.
+
+225
+00:26:27,410 --> 00:26:35,310
+Gentry? Gentrify. Petri? Petrify. Identity?
+
+226
+00:26:35,690 --> 00:26:41,470
+Identify. Identify. Clarity? Clarity. Glory?
+
+227
+00:26:42,050 --> 00:26:47,850
+Glory. Simple? Simple. Simplify. Pressure.
+
+228
+00:26:48,630 --> 00:26:56,650
+Pressure. Pressurize. Normal. Normalize.
+
+229
+00:26:58,630 --> 00:27:02,310
+Natural. Naturalize.
+
+230
+00:27:06,270 --> 00:27:11,730
+Passive. Passive. Passivize.
+
+231
+00:27:16,720 --> 00:27:21,120
+Okay, we have verbs derived from other classes by 
+
+232
+00:27:21,120 --> 00:27:26,840
+adding EN to the adjective. I say short, shortened. 
+
+233
+00:27:26,840 --> 00:27:35,960
+Sweet, length, black, wide, broad. This is by adding EN
+
+234
+00:27:35,960 --> 00:27:43,250
+as you see. We have DE. This is for having a verb by 
+
+235
+00:27:43,250 --> 00:27:56,410
+adding a prefix. When I say move, remove. Okay. Okay.
+
+236
+00:27:56,410 --> 00:28:07,550
+Sensitive, desensitize. Freeze,  defreeze. Humiliate, 
+
+237
+00:28:07,550 --> 00:28:09,850
+dehumiliate.
+
+238
+00:28:10,840 --> 00:28:11,340
+Okay?
+
+239
+00:28:19,580 --> 00:28:24,140
+We have the 
+
+240
+00:28:24,710 --> 00:28:31,950
+IZE or I-FY normally added as suffixes for making 
+
+241
+00:28:31,950 --> 00:28:37,210
+nouns for making verbs from nouns. Okay, let's say
+
+242
+00:28:37,210 --> 00:28:42,510
+normal, normalize. Beauty, beautify. But still they
+
+243
+00:28:42,510 --> 00:28:46,450
+can be used for other purposes, okay? So we don't
+
+244
+00:28:46,450 --> 00:28:51,870
+have specific or specific meaning to these two
+
+245
+00:28:51,870 --> 00:28:59,200
+suffixes. I'd say for example, national, nationalize.
+
+246
+00:28:59,200 --> 00:29:08,960
+Tender, tenderize. Intense, intensify. Pure, purify.
+
+247
+00:29:08,960 --> 00:29:17,000
+Okay. We have adverbs. The productive suffix for
+
+248
+00:29:17,000 --> 00:29:23,400
+making adverbs is always -LY. So we have easy, sorry, 
+
+249
+00:29:23,400 --> 00:29:33,040
+easy, easily. Recent, recently. Private, noisy. 
+
+250
+00:29:33,040 --> 00:29:41,760
+noisily. Socially, socially. Also, we have the suffix
+
+251
+00:29:41,760 --> 00:29:51,100
+-WISE (W-I-S-E). Clockwise, value, value wise. Okay, it
+
+252
+00:29:51,100 --> 00:29:54,940
+is rarely used, but the most productive suffix is
+
+253
+00:29:54,940 --> 00:30:01,200
+the -LY. Okay. We
+
+254
+00:30:01,200 --> 00:30:08,400
+have prefixes, okay? Added for making adverbs when I
+
+255
+00:30:08,400 --> 00:30:13,140
+say, for example, sedent, antecedent, ante. What does
+
+256
+00:30:13,140 --> 00:30:18,760
+it mean ante here? We have A and TE means first, but
+
+257
+00:30:18,760 --> 00:30:23,560
+anti or anti, in American English, it is against.
+
+258
+00:30:23,560 --> 00:30:32,860
+Auto means self. Bi means two. Tri means three. Okay.
+
+259
+00:30:32,860 --> 00:30:40,840
+Trilingual. What does it mean? Trilingual, a person
+
+260
+00:30:40,840 --> 00:30:45,540
+speaking three languages. Bilingual, a person speaking
+
+261
+00:30:45,540 --> 00:30:50,420
+two languages. Multilingual. Okay, so a person
+
+262
+00:30:50,420 --> 00:30:53,300
+speaking a number of languages. So multi means
+
+263
+00:30:53,300 --> 00:31:01,200
+numerous, yes. 
+
+264
+00:31:01,200 --> 00:31:09,340
+As I mentioned, anti, this is meaning before. Anti or 
+
+265
+00:31:09,340 --> 00:31:14,510
+anti means against. Auto means self. Bi means to 
+
+266
+00:31:14,510 --> 00:31:22,250
+circum means around. Kun
+
+267
+00:31:22,250 --> 00:31:29,290
+or Ku means together. Okay, when 
+
+268
+00:31:29,290 --> 00:31:37,230
+I have OUT, it means
+
+269
+00:31:37,230 --> 00:31:45,110
+from or from. It is here, we have INTER means 
+
+270
+00:31:45,110 --> 00:31:45,570
+between.
+
+271
+00:31:49,750 --> 00:31:55,550
+Intercontinental means between continents. 
+
+272
+00:31:56,470 --> 00:32:02,270
+Macro means large. Micro, when I say micro
+
+273
+00:32:02,270 --> 00:32:09,180
+teaching, okay, a sample class done by the 
+
+274
+00:32:09,180 --> 00:32:12,640
+teachers to the teachers. Okay, micro teaching.
+
+275
+00:32:13,120 --> 00:32:17,800
+But macro teaching is the larger process. Miss
+
+276
+00:32:17,800 --> 00:32:25,020
+means wrong. Mono means well. Monolingual. Can a 
+
+277
+00:32:25,020 --> 00:32:30,060
+person speaking one language. Post means behind or 
+
+278
+00:32:30,060 --> 00:32:30,440
+after. 
+
+279
+00:32:34,780 --> 00:32:43,000
+Okay, before, يعني, first. Proof, for, when I say, I'm
+
+280
+00:32:43,000 --> 00:32:50,560
+pro-Palestinians. Supporting Palestinians. Okay, for
+
+281
+00:32:50,560 --> 00:32:57,100
+means for. Pro means for. Against. This is anti
+
+282
+00:32:57,100 --> 00:33:01,420
+-Palestinian. Okay, for example, RE means repeat,
+
+283
+00:33:01,420 --> 00:33:12,560
+rewrite, reread, okay, redo, etc. SUB. I say, group
+
+284
+00:33:12,560 --> 00:33:16,540
+subgroup, sub-subgroup, so you divide. You check, you
+
+285
+00:33:16,540 --> 00:33:22,260
+divide things. Means under. TRANS means across
+
+286
+00:33:22,260 --> 00:33:29,660
+parent, transparent, transparency. Okay, try means 
+
+287
+00:33:29,660 --> 00:33:31,940
+three. Unique. 
+
+288
+00:33:33,300 --> 00:33:37,100
+Unilateral talks. Unilateral talks. 
+
+289
+00:33:43,040 --> 00:33:55,100
+Ultra, beyond. Ultrasound. UN, or IR or IN, means
+
+290
+00:33:55,100 --> 00:33:55,900
+not.
+
+291
+00:34:02,800 --> 00:34:10,360
+So we have these derivations in English. Now these
+
+292
+00:34:10,360 --> 00:34:13,280
+derivations are of different types as you see. 
+
+293
+00:34:14,640 --> 00:34:21,880
+Why? It is borrowing. As I mentioned, English
+
+294
+00:34:21,880 --> 00:34:27,390
+borrowed from a number of languages, so it borrowed
+
+295
+00:34:27,390 --> 00:34:35,770
+the system of suffixes or prefixes or say affixes
+
+296
+00:34:35,770 --> 00:34:41,550
+okay, with all its three types, suffixes, prefixes, 
+
+297
+00:34:41,550 --> 00:34:47,170
+and infixes. So you have some words by certain
+
+298
+00:34:47,170 --> 00:34:52,310
+suffixes producing nouns. Some other words by
+
+299
+00:34:52,310 --> 00:34:56,370
+certain suffixes producing the same nouns. The
+
+300
+00:34:56,370 --> 00:35:01,930
+adjectives, the adverbs. We have prefixes for making
+
+301
+00:35:01,930 --> 00:35:06,310
+nouns for making adjectives for making verbs for 
+
+302
+00:35:06,310 --> 00:35:11,930
+making adverbs, okay. So we don't have specific rule
+
+303
+00:35:11,930 --> 00:35:16,950
+for making or for deriving words from words. Mainly
+
+304
+00:35:16,950 --> 00:35:22,030
+because English relies deeply on borrowing. However, 
+
+305
+00:35:22,030 --> 00:35:26,930
+Arabic, in Arabic the situation is different. We
+
+306
+00:35:26,930 --> 00:35:32,410
+have a rule-based system in Arabic, okay? So, we have
+
+307
+00:35:32,410 --> 00:35:38,030
+either prefixes, infixes, and suffixes, but before
+
+308
+00:35:38,030 --> 00:35:42,470
+shifting to Arabic, I need to focus on infixes in 
+
+309
+00:35:42,470 --> 00:35:49,430
+English. When I say, for example, man, men. Okay? Here
+
+310
+00:35:49,430 --> 00:35:57,610
+we add infix. We change the A into E. Mouse, mice.
+
+311
+00:35:59,450 --> 00:36:05,250
+Louse, lice. Okay, these are infixes, but they are
+
+312
+00:36:05,250 --> 00:36:06,730
+rare in English.
+
+313
+00:36:10,090 --> 00:36:16,030
+Okay. However, in Arabic, it's very rich of 
+
+314
+00:36:16,030 --> 00:36:25,030
+infixes. It's very rich of infixes. So we have كتب
+
+315
+00:36:25,030 --> 00:36:28,410
+or كتب, triconsonantal sound.
+
+316
+00:36:31,880 --> 00:36:38,680
+This is the verb derived from the stem by adding
+
+317
+00:36:38,680 --> 00:36:46,840
+what? The short vowels A, O, E. I mean, the nominative
+
+318
+00:36:46,840 --> 00:36:55,020
+case, the accusative, and genitive. Okay, we
+
+319
+00:36:55,020 --> 00:37:05,680
+have كتب, كتب, مكتب. Is this suffix or prefix? Prefix
+
+320
+00:37:05,680 --> 00:37:11,520
+added to the verb, constituting or formulating a
+
+321
+00:37:11,520 --> 00:37:17,900
+noun. مكاتب We 
+
+322
+00:37:17,900 --> 00:37:27,880
+add infix ألف, كاتب. Infix كاتبة. مكاتبة
+
+323
+00:37:29,000 --> 00:37:35,520
+Suffix type, now. Gender in English, in Arabic, is
+
+324
+00:37:35,520 --> 00:37:42,880
+made by the clitic TA or TA MARBUTA. Okay. This is
+
+325
+00:37:42,880 --> 00:37:48,440
+very productive in English. So I say, for example, 
+
+326
+00:37:48,440 --> 00:37:49,820
+doctor.
+
+327
+00:37:53,330 --> 00:37:59,470
+In Arabic, I say doctora. This is inserted in our
+
+328
+00:37:59,470 --> 00:38:03,850
+colloquial Arabic, in our Arabic vernaculars. So
+
+329
+00:38:03,850 --> 00:38:09,690
+we have this, tabib, tabiba. Okay, but this is 
+
+330
+00:38:09,690 --> 00:38:13,990
+very difficult. This is not applicable to English.
+
+331
+00:38:14,730 --> 00:38:18,670
+I say doctor in English. I need my orido and 
+
+332
+00:38:30,820 --> 00:38:36,800
+How could I translate it into English? To be seen 
+
+333
+00:38:36,800 --> 00:38:41,920
+by a lady doctor. I'd like my wife to be seen by a 
+
+334
+00:38:41,920 --> 00:38:46,580
+lady doctor. Okay? So, here, we have the clitic
+
+335
+00:38:46,580 --> 00:38:51,140
+system of Arabic, the clitic system of Arabic,
+
+336
+00:38:51,720 --> 00:38:58,100
+يعني ضمير الوصل, in Arabic, clitic. We have the 
+
+337
+00:38:58,100 --> 00:39:02,140
+clitic system, ضمير الوصل. It's available in 
+
+338
+00:39:02,140 --> 00:39:05,200
+Arabic. Is it available in English? No. We don't 
+
+339
+00:39:05,200 --> 00:39:08,900
+have cliticization system in English, but we have
+
+340
+00:39:08,900 --> 00:39:15,020
+it in Arabic. So, it is very productive. Okay, and
+
+341
+00:39:15,020 --> 00:39:21,480
+we have even fusional words in Arabic. I say a
+
+342
+00:39:21,480 --> 00:39:26,640
+complex sentence in one word as Asqaynakumu
+
+343
+00:39:26,640 --> 00:39:29,900
+Asqaynakumu. 
+
+344
+00:39:30,520 --> 00:39:34,780
+This is the transitive verb. We have the subject, 
+
+345
+00:39:35,220 --> 00:39:40,700
+the verb, direct object and indirect object. Okay, 
+
+346
+00:39:40,960 --> 00:39:41,840
+Asqaynakumu.
+
+347
+00:39:45,680 --> 00:39:51,860
+Okay, so we have the clitic here. Gender is very
+
+348
+00:39:51,860 --> 00:39:54,500
+productive in Arabic. This is done by adding a 
+
+349
+00:39:54,500 --> 00:39:59,760
+suffix TA. Okay. But, this is not applicable to 
+
+350
+00:39:59,760 --> 00:40:02,800
+English and this shows the difficulty of the
+
+351
+00:40:02,800 --> 00:40:09,380
+English morphology, you see. So 
+
+352
+00:40:09,380 --> 00:40:16,750
+Tabiba, this is suffix, okay? We have this applicable 
+
+353
+00:40:16,750 --> 00:40:22,410
+to most of the nouns of Arabic, most of the verbs
+
+354
+00:40:22,410 --> 00:40:30,250
+of Arabic. So we can derive nouns from verbs. 
+
+355
+00:40:35,010 --> 00:40:43,770
+Adjectives from nouns. I say حر, حر, برد, برد. Okay.
+
+356
+00:40:48,850 --> 00:40:55,000
+Power. قوي, okay? So you have also nouns derived
+
+357
+00:40:55,000 --> 00:40:59,880
+from nouns, adjectives derived from nouns, nouns
+
+358
+00:40:59,880 --> 00:41:05,760
+derived from verbs, but this is by adding a prefix or
+
+359
+00:41:05,760 --> 00:41:11,260
+suffix or infix. Next time, we are going to see more
+
+360
+00:41:11,260 --> 00:41:14,840
+information about the word formation of English
+
+361
+00:41:14,840 --> 00:41:18,420
+okay, and Arabic, as well. And, we are going to see
+
+362
+00:41:18,420 --> 00:41:21,980
+the inflection system plus what is called
+
+363
+00:41:21,980 --> 00:41:26,380
+compounding. Okay, that's it for today. Thank you.

PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/ZT-kkKctmDs_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1452 @@
+1
+00:00:13,440 --> 00:00:17,760
+Today Inshallah, we are going to see a new chapter
+
+2
+00:00:17,760 --> 00:00:23,760
+that is Morphology word word formation How to
+
+3
+00:00:23,760 --> 00:00:28,060
+formulate words in English and Arabic as well Okay
+
+4
+00:00:34,558 --> 00:00:38,680
+So, there are in English several ways of
+
+5
+00:00:38,680 --> 00:00:39,880
+formulating words.
+
+6
+00:00:43,300 --> 00:00:49,080
+This is by the use of bound morphemes, either
+
+7
+00:00:49,080 --> 00:00:55,300
+suffixes or prefixes. Also, we have what is called
+
+8
+00:00:55,300 --> 00:01:00,420
+infixes these all together are called affixes
+
+9
+00:01:00,420 --> 00:01:06,360
+Okay, so in English in Arabic in all languages We
+
+10
+00:01:06,360 --> 00:01:10,500
+have morphemes which are of two types three
+
+11
+00:01:10,500 --> 00:01:16,700
+morphemes and bound morphemes We are going to
+
+12
+00:01:16,700 --> 00:01:22,760
+focus on three points derivation inflection and
+
+13
+00:01:23,120 --> 00:01:26,360
+compounding today we are going to focus on the
+
+14
+00:01:26,360 --> 00:01:35,900
+first point that is derivation okay most
+
+15
+00:01:35,900 --> 00:01:40,940
+of the English words are derived from this system
+
+16
+00:01:40,940 --> 00:01:43,420
+I mean derivation
+
+17
+00:01:47,640 --> 00:01:51,880
+So the derived elements, I mean suffixes or
+
+18
+00:01:51,880 --> 00:01:56,760
+prefixes or infixes, can change the meaning of a
+
+19
+00:01:56,760 --> 00:01:57,060
+word.
+
+20
+00:02:00,940 --> 00:02:06,720
+Okay? For example, true and true. Okay? You have
+
+21
+00:02:06,720 --> 00:02:07,260
+the opposite.
+
+22
+00:02:10,970 --> 00:02:14,110
+And also you have the derivation changing the
+
+23
+00:02:14,110 --> 00:02:18,730
+lexical category of a word. For example, true is
+
+24
+00:02:18,730 --> 00:02:26,510
+an adjective, truly is an adverb, truth is a noun.
+
+25
+00:03:05,120 --> 00:03:06,560
+So you have.
+
+26
+00:03:23,800 --> 00:03:29,660
+In derivation, the meaning of a word can change or
+
+27
+00:03:29,660 --> 00:03:34,000
+the lexical category of the word can change. Okay?
+
+28
+00:03:34,520 --> 00:03:40,820
+We need to touch these phenomena one by one and
+
+29
+00:03:40,820 --> 00:03:48,020
+see how nouns are derived from nouns. Yes. And how
+
+30
+00:03:48,020 --> 00:03:51,680
+other elements or parts of speech are derived from
+
+31
+00:03:51,680 --> 00:03:58,920
+each other. so we have suffixes that mean small
+
+32
+00:03:58,920 --> 00:04:08,380
+such as drop droplet droplet you add let okay
+
+33
+00:04:08,380 --> 00:04:18,520
+becomes smaller than drop book booklet let
+
+34
+00:04:18,520 --> 00:04:22,780
+is smaller than booklet is smaller than book
+
+35
+00:04:25,310 --> 00:04:32,790
+cigar cigarette e-t-t-e it's smaller than cigar
+
+36
+00:04:32,790 --> 00:04:35,990
+dog
+
+37
+00:04:35,990 --> 00:04:43,570
+doggy smaller than dog this is by adding ie and we
+
+38
+00:04:43,570 --> 00:04:47,310
+have doubling here because the last consonant is
+
+39
+00:04:47,310 --> 00:04:52,300
+preceded by a short vowel okay in case of having a
+
+40
+00:04:52,300 --> 00:04:59,060
+short vowel then we double the last consonant we
+
+41
+00:04:59,060 --> 00:05:05,320
+have suffixes only for making female for gender so
+
+42
+00:05:05,320 --> 00:05:15,980
+ess or ine waiter waitress prince princess hero
+
+43
+00:05:15,980 --> 00:05:22,490
+heroine okay So we have these two suffixes added
+
+44
+00:05:22,490 --> 00:05:26,030
+to the word itself, changing its meaning.
+
+45
+00:05:28,710 --> 00:05:34,110
+We have also suffixes specifically for making
+
+46
+00:05:34,110 --> 00:05:35,670
+nationalities.
+
+47
+00:05:37,290 --> 00:05:45,630
+I say Palestine, Palestinian. London, Landler. New
+
+48
+00:05:45,630 --> 00:05:49,790
+York, New Yorker. You see?
+
+49
+00:05:52,590 --> 00:05:55,890
+Texan. Glaswegian from Glasgow.
+
+50
+00:05:59,830 --> 00:06:10,570
+We have some suffixes for making state of being,
+
+51
+00:06:10,770 --> 00:06:14,750
+the manner, the position, the position of someone.
+
+52
+00:06:15,390 --> 00:06:23,890
+Ship. Hood. I say king, kingship. Lady, ladyship.
+
+53
+00:06:24,570 --> 00:06:33,230
+Mother, motherhood. Priest, priesthood. Okay? We
+
+54
+00:06:33,230 --> 00:06:37,970
+have some suffixes just for making devotion. I
+
+55
+00:06:37,970 --> 00:06:43,540
+mean professions and handicrafts. The profession
+
+56
+00:06:43,540 --> 00:06:48,500
+of someone. It is a noun. This is done by adding I
+
+57
+00:06:48,500 --> 00:06:56,800
+-S-T or I-A-N. We have contortion, contortionist.
+
+58
+00:06:58,000 --> 00:07:04,700
+Islam, Islamist. Logic, logician. History,
+
+59
+00:07:05,360 --> 00:07:05,840
+historian.
+
+60
+00:07:14,470 --> 00:07:20,010
+technician linguistician we have nouns derived
+
+61
+00:07:20,010 --> 00:07:24,050
+from adjectives by adding ity when i say for
+
+62
+00:07:24,050 --> 00:07:30,010
+example pure pure is an adjective okay adding ity
+
+63
+00:07:30,010 --> 00:07:35,810
+becomes purity and this is a noun equal is an
+
+64
+00:07:35,810 --> 00:07:39,230
+adjective equality it is a noun
+
+65
+00:07:44,780 --> 00:07:52,400
+Furcity. Sensitivity. Sensitive. Sensitivity. We
+
+66
+00:07:52,400 --> 00:07:58,840
+have N-E-S-S-ness. Okay? Also derived, we have
+
+67
+00:07:58,840 --> 00:08:01,980
+nouns derived from adjectives by adding N-E-S-S.
+
+68
+00:08:02,640 --> 00:08:11,180
+God. Goodness. Tall. Tallness. Forest. Or fierce.
+
+69
+00:08:12,060 --> 00:08:18,250
+Fierceness. Sensitive, sensitiveness as it is
+
+70
+00:08:18,250 --> 00:08:20,050
+completely like sensitivity.
+
+71
+00:08:22,970 --> 00:08:28,610
+ISM, I mean in the part of speech, both are nouns.
+
+72
+00:08:30,030 --> 00:08:34,070
+ISMism as radical, radicalism.
+
+73
+00:08:40,010 --> 00:08:46,870
+Conservatism. American, Americanism, Palestinian,
+
+74
+00:08:47,670 --> 00:08:53,850
+Palestinianism, okay? These are nouns derived from
+
+75
+00:08:53,850 --> 00:08:58,290
+adjectives. We now have nouns derived from verbs,
+
+76
+00:08:59,110 --> 00:09:06,710
+okay? And here we have a number of suffixes used
+
+77
+00:09:06,710 --> 00:09:16,250
+for deriving nouns from verbs. We use ance, as in
+
+78
+00:09:16,250 --> 00:09:23,130
+perform, performance, ignore, ignorance, refer,
+
+79
+00:09:24,310 --> 00:09:30,090
+reference, convert or converge, convergence,
+
+80
+00:09:31,370 --> 00:09:38,750
+accept, acceptance, dependence, Okay, we have also
+
+81
+00:09:38,750 --> 00:09:43,650
+a suffix called mint m-e-n-t Okay announce
+
+82
+00:09:43,650 --> 00:09:54,190
+announcement commit commitment develop development
+
+83
+00:09:54,190 --> 00:10:04,290
+engage engagement agree place placement Okay we
+
+84
+00:10:04,290 --> 00:10:10,770
+have also Nouns derived from verbs by adding ing
+
+85
+00:10:10,770 --> 00:10:22,250
+paint painting sing Build Ignore Okay, right
+
+86
+00:10:22,250 --> 00:10:32,730
+Listen speak dive Yes, this is by adding only ing
+
+87
+00:10:32,730 --> 00:10:44,990
+Okay we have ion this
+
+88
+00:10:44,990 --> 00:10:50,570
+is added or tion this is added to the verb and
+
+89
+00:10:50,570 --> 00:10:58,350
+this comes out with a noun denomination
+
+90
+00:10:58,350 --> 00:11:05,790
+sorry denomination this is from denominate commit
+
+91
+00:11:05,790 --> 00:11:14,150
+commission organize organization confuse confusion
+
+92
+00:11:14,150 --> 00:11:19,950
+confusion okay we have al added to the verb comes
+
+93
+00:11:19,950 --> 00:11:30,590
+out with a noun refuse arrive refer commit ahkel
+
+94
+00:11:30,590 --> 00:11:37,860
+committed propose Yes. We have also ER or OR.
+
+95
+00:11:38,160 --> 00:11:43,940
+Paint. Painter. Sing. Sing. Organize. Organize.
+
+96
+00:11:44,440 --> 00:11:48,720
+Grinder. Grinder. Grinder. As you see these are
+
+97
+00:11:48,720 --> 00:11:53,100
+professions or handicrafts. They are done by
+
+98
+00:11:53,100 --> 00:11:57,000
+adding ER. So you refer to someone, you refer to
+
+99
+00:11:57,000 --> 00:11:59,140
+the profession of someone or the handicraft of
+
+100
+00:11:59,140 --> 00:12:03,460
+someone by adding ER. I say farm. Farmer. Farmer.
+
+101
+00:12:06,760 --> 00:12:12,200
+build okay we
+
+102
+00:12:12,200 --> 00:12:18,560
+have or as in lead leader act actor direct
+
+103
+00:12:18,560 --> 00:12:24,180
+director okay and sometimes we have the prefix the
+
+104
+00:12:24,180 --> 00:12:28,280
+suffix y added to the verb comes this comes out
+
+105
+00:12:28,280 --> 00:12:32,920
+with a noun as in deliver delivery flatter
+
+106
+00:12:34,840 --> 00:12:38,020
+Discover. Discovering. Recover. Recovering.
+
+107
+00:12:42,980 --> 00:12:52,320
+We have acy, suffix, comes out with nouns. So we
+
+108
+00:12:52,320 --> 00:12:55,060
+have nouns derived from a number of words by
+
+109
+00:12:55,060 --> 00:13:00,680
+adding these suffixes. Acy or age, a-g-e or dumb,
+
+110
+00:13:00,800 --> 00:13:08,010
+d-o-m or e-r-y or r-y. So we have conspiracy from
+
+111
+00:13:08,010 --> 00:13:17,970
+conspire supremacy from supreme coin coinage short
+
+112
+00:13:17,970 --> 00:13:30,030
+percent shrink king free duke or duke dukedom
+
+113
+00:13:30,030 --> 00:13:33,730
+slave refined
+
+114
+00:13:37,640 --> 00:13:41,640
+refinery now we have adjectives derived from other
+
+115
+00:13:41,640 --> 00:13:49,580
+adjectives this is referring to the smallest
+
+116
+00:13:49,580 --> 00:13:57,680
+degree of things I say for example green okay this
+
+117
+00:13:57,680 --> 00:14:02,220
+is dark green I need to have it as light green I
+
+118
+00:14:02,220 --> 00:14:10,370
+say greenish Brown, brownish. Small, smallish.
+
+119
+00:14:11,150 --> 00:14:17,150
+Okay? So the I-S-H-ish refers to the small
+
+120
+00:14:17,150 --> 00:14:24,390
+quantity or the small quality. Okay? Remote,
+
+121
+00:14:25,390 --> 00:14:26,070
+remotish.
+
+122
+00:14:28,550 --> 00:14:29,670
+Okay?
+
+123
+00:14:34,510 --> 00:14:41,770
+we have the prefix that is also shown
+
+124
+00:14:41,770 --> 00:14:45,610
+to the beginning of a word or an adjective this
+
+125
+00:14:45,610 --> 00:14:48,410
+comes out with another adjective I say for example
+
+126
+00:14:48,410 --> 00:14:51,850
+for the previous items green this is adjective
+
+127
+00:14:51,850 --> 00:14:57,430
+when I say greenish suffix still adjective small
+
+128
+00:14:57,430 --> 00:15:02,860
+adjective smallish remains adjective okay remote
+
+129
+00:15:02,860 --> 00:15:09,340
+remote is also adjective remotish is adjective so
+
+130
+00:15:09,340 --> 00:15:14,160
+once we have happy unhappy this is another
+
+131
+00:15:14,160 --> 00:15:22,520
+adjective reliable and reliable sure and sure
+
+132
+00:15:22,520 --> 00:15:27,620
+discovered okay and discover
+
+133
+00:15:30,370 --> 00:15:35,990
+so these oh i mean the un or n is very productive
+
+134
+00:15:35,990 --> 00:15:41,550
+prefix can be added to any adjective making the
+
+135
+00:15:41,550 --> 00:15:47,750
+opposite okay the antonym of the same adjective
+
+136
+00:15:50,940 --> 00:15:55,140
+we have other prefixes for making adjectives like
+
+137
+00:15:55,140 --> 00:16:06,640
+ir im dis mis non okay so you have tangible this
+
+138
+00:16:06,640 --> 00:16:16,020
+is intangible legal illegal okay responsible
+
+139
+00:16:17,260 --> 00:16:20,800
+Responsible, not irresponsible, this is Arabic
+
+140
+00:16:20,800 --> 00:16:23,920
+Responsible,
+
+141
+00:16:24,440 --> 00:16:30,160
+irresponsible, okay, possible, impossible
+
+142
+00:16:33,130 --> 00:16:36,610
+We have other productive prefixes. I mean, you can
+
+143
+00:16:36,610 --> 00:16:40,610
+add it before or add it to the beginning of an
+
+144
+00:16:40,610 --> 00:16:43,050
+adjective that comes out with the antonym of the
+
+145
+00:16:43,050 --> 00:16:48,590
+same adjective. Like DIS as in order, disorder.
+
+146
+00:16:49,290 --> 00:16:55,970
+Obey, disobey. Trust, mistrust. Understand,
+
+147
+00:16:56,910 --> 00:17:01,670
+misunderstand. Cooperative, non-cooperative.
+
+148
+00:17:02,420 --> 00:17:04,980
+Existent? Okay.
+
+149
+00:17:10,580 --> 00:17:16,280
+Still, we have suffixes added to a number of
+
+150
+00:17:16,280 --> 00:17:21,200
+words. This comes out with other parts of speech,
+
+151
+00:17:22,020 --> 00:17:28,300
+mainly adjectives. We have able as in or ed. I
+
+152
+00:17:28,300 --> 00:17:32,500
+say, for example, break, breakable. okay it is
+
+153
+00:17:32,500 --> 00:17:39,120
+liable to breaking okay agree agreeable remarkable
+
+154
+00:17:39,120 --> 00:17:47,120
+remark remarkable rely reliable read right
+
+155
+00:17:47,120 --> 00:17:55,340
+writeable okay we have e and t or a and t int or
+
+156
+00:17:55,340 --> 00:17:56,980
+ent this is
+
+157
+00:18:01,150 --> 00:18:09,650
+Rebel. Rebellent. Expect. Expectant. Excellent.
+
+158
+00:18:09,950 --> 00:18:18,810
+Excel. Excellent. Confide. Confident. Dependent.
+
+159
+00:18:19,130 --> 00:18:27,290
+We have also the suffix IVE as repulse. Repulsive.
+
+160
+00:18:28,250 --> 00:18:35,960
+Explore. Explores. Explosives create, attract,
+
+161
+00:18:36,920 --> 00:18:39,120
+select, prevent,
+
+162
+00:18:41,560 --> 00:18:47,220
+instruct, instructive We
+
+163
+00:18:47,220 --> 00:18:52,380
+have suffixes also made from nouns by adding f-u-l
+
+164
+00:18:52,380 --> 00:19:00,020
+full as in joy Joy is a noun joyful hope help
+
+165
+00:19:02,180 --> 00:19:11,600
+Meaning meaning Okay power skill faith Beautiful
+
+166
+00:19:11,600 --> 00:19:18,840
+sorry beauty Success Also, we have the antonym or
+
+167
+00:19:18,840 --> 00:19:24,480
+the opposite derived by from the same noun By
+
+168
+00:19:24,480 --> 00:19:32,430
+adding le WS becomes Adjective, joy, joyousness,
+
+169
+00:19:32,730 --> 00:19:38,990
+hope, hopeless, help, meaningless, meaning, yes,
+
+170
+00:19:39,510 --> 00:19:48,410
+power, home, worth, use, yes. So we have also al
+
+171
+00:19:48,410 --> 00:19:52,890
+as a suffix added to the noun. This comes out with
+
+172
+00:19:52,890 --> 00:20:00,070
+an adjective, origin, normal, sorry, norm, person
+
+173
+00:20:00,070 --> 00:20:12,430
+nation national universe region regional also
+
+174
+00:20:12,430 --> 00:20:17,730
+once you need to make i to add ish this is for
+
+175
+00:20:17,730 --> 00:20:25,610
+making the least degree when i say boy boy boy
+
+176
+00:20:26,590 --> 00:20:40,050
+boyish okay self selfish okay wasp waspish lout
+
+177
+00:20:40,050 --> 00:20:48,750
+louty loutish loutish fool foolish child sheep
+
+178
+00:20:48,750 --> 00:20:54,650
+sheepish okay why this is added added to the noun
+
+179
+00:20:54,650 --> 00:21:01,010
+making adjective fun why do we add another n why
+
+180
+00:21:01,010 --> 00:21:04,490
+we double the n because it is preceded by a short
+
+181
+00:21:04,490 --> 00:21:14,970
+vowel so fun funny storm sun sunny guilt mess
+
+182
+00:21:14,970 --> 00:21:22,190
+wealth gloom as you see so we can also have in y
+
+183
+00:21:23,000 --> 00:21:27,300
+okay for making adjectives not adverbs we speak
+
+184
+00:21:27,300 --> 00:21:31,180
+about adjectives the ly is the productive suffix
+
+185
+00:21:31,180 --> 00:21:34,600
+for making adverbs still it is used for making
+
+186
+00:21:34,600 --> 00:21:42,320
+adjectives friend friendly order orderly man cost
+
+187
+00:21:42,320 --> 00:21:49,480
+month these are adjectives not adverbs we have ous
+
+188
+00:21:51,840 --> 00:21:56,840
+added to the noun making an adjective as in danger
+
+189
+00:21:56,840 --> 00:22:07,420
+dangerous mystery mysterious fame nerve poison
+
+190
+00:22:07,420 --> 00:22:14,600
+okay poisonous still we have adjectives made from
+
+191
+00:22:14,600 --> 00:22:22,060
+nouns by adding ary as in moment moment Momentary.
+
+192
+00:22:22,180 --> 00:22:27,560
+Custom. Customary. Fragment. Fragmentary.
+
+193
+00:22:28,740 --> 00:22:35,920
+Complement. Complementary. Honor. Revolution.
+
+194
+00:22:36,960 --> 00:22:44,440
+Revolutionary. I see. Ik. As in history. Artist.
+
+195
+00:22:46,300 --> 00:22:50,440
+Athlete. Athletic. Basis.
+
+196
+00:22:53,470 --> 00:23:03,910
+rhythm photograph Islam scientist or science okay
+
+197
+00:23:03,910 --> 00:23:10,190
+scientist or science this comes out from by adding
+
+198
+00:23:10,190 --> 00:23:19,410
+two suffixes T F I C T I F plus I C so scientific
+
+199
+00:23:23,940 --> 00:23:32,780
+Okay We have Realist Realistic, okay, we can add
+
+200
+00:23:32,780 --> 00:23:37,660
+also some to the Adjective
+
+201
+00:23:37,660 --> 00:23:45,880
+Making adve to the noun making adjective hand love
+
+202
+00:23:45,880 --> 00:23:47,700
+tire
+
+203
+00:23:48,940 --> 00:23:54,040
+yes also we can add en for making adjectives from
+
+204
+00:23:54,040 --> 00:24:03,880
+noun wood wool gold yes we have verbs derived from
+
+205
+00:24:03,880 --> 00:24:15,100
+verbs okay this is by adding the prefix de or dis
+
+206
+00:24:15,100 --> 00:24:21,520
+okay or RE this is productive when I say paint
+
+207
+00:24:21,520 --> 00:24:33,580
+repaint enter write read okay explain complain
+
+208
+00:24:33,580 --> 00:24:41,840
+recomplain okay so this is productive prefix added
+
+209
+00:24:41,840 --> 00:24:47,490
+to the verb It refers to repetitive actions. You
+
+210
+00:24:47,490 --> 00:24:50,970
+need to repeat, so you say rewrite it. Re-read,
+
+211
+00:24:51,590 --> 00:24:57,610
+okay? Re-utter it once again, okay? Re-say it once
+
+212
+00:24:57,610 --> 00:25:03,190
+again. Paint, repaint. Enter, re-enter. Tie,
+
+213
+00:25:04,750 --> 00:25:09,390
+untie. This is the antonym, okay? The opposite.
+
+214
+00:25:10,930 --> 00:25:11,690
+Tangible.
+
+215
+00:25:15,170 --> 00:25:20,690
+Sorry, entangle, untangle. Decompose, this comes
+
+216
+00:25:20,690 --> 00:25:27,470
+from originally compose. Synthesize, yes.
+
+217
+00:25:28,130 --> 00:25:35,730
+Entangle, disentangle. Believe, disbelieve. Okay?
+
+218
+00:25:38,150 --> 00:25:45,870
+We have verbs derived from nouns. Okay? This is by
+
+219
+00:25:45,870 --> 00:25:52,450
+having the prefix de, as in bug, debug, forest,
+
+220
+00:25:53,290 --> 00:26:00,210
+deforest, laus, delaus. And also we have ize, as
+
+221
+00:26:00,210 --> 00:26:09,530
+in organ, organize, patron, terror, real, realize.
+
+222
+00:26:10,290 --> 00:26:16,410
+Okay? We have material, Apology? Apologize.
+
+223
+00:26:16,730 --> 00:26:22,490
+Critic? Criticize. Okay. Beauty? Beautify.
+
+224
+00:26:22,910 --> 00:26:24,710
+Beautify. We add FY.
+
+225
+00:26:27,410 --> 00:26:35,310
+Gentry? Gentrify. Petri? Petrify. Identity?
+
+226
+00:26:35,690 --> 00:26:41,470
+Identify. Identify. Clarity? Clarity. Glory?
+
+227
+00:26:42,050 --> 00:26:47,850
+Glory. Simple? Simple. Simplify. Pressure.
+
+228
+00:26:48,630 --> 00:26:56,650
+Pressure. Pressurize. Normal. Normalize.
+
+229
+00:26:58,630 --> 00:27:02,310
+Natural. Naturalize.
+
+230
+00:27:06,270 --> 00:27:11,730
+Passive. Passive. Passivize.
+
+231
+00:27:16,720 --> 00:27:21,120
+okay we have verbs derived from other classes by
+
+232
+00:27:21,120 --> 00:27:26,840
+adding en to the adjective i say short shortened
+
+233
+00:27:26,840 --> 00:27:35,960
+sweet length black wide broad this is by adding en
+
+234
+00:27:35,960 --> 00:27:43,250
+as you see we have de this is for Having a verb by
+
+235
+00:27:43,250 --> 00:27:56,410
+adding prefix when I say move remove Okay Okay
+
+236
+00:27:56,410 --> 00:28:07,550
+sensitive desensitive freeze defreeze Humilate
+
+237
+00:28:07,550 --> 00:28:09,850
+dehumilate
+
+238
+00:28:10,840 --> 00:28:11,340
+Okay?
+
+239
+00:28:19,580 --> 00:28:24,140
+We have the
+
+240
+00:28:24,710 --> 00:28:31,950
+Ize or ify normally added as suffixes for making
+
+241
+00:28:31,950 --> 00:28:37,210
+nouns for making verbs from nouns okay let's say
+
+242
+00:28:37,210 --> 00:28:42,510
+normal normalize beauty beautify but still they
+
+243
+00:28:42,510 --> 00:28:46,450
+can be used for other purposes okay so we don't
+
+244
+00:28:46,450 --> 00:28:51,870
+have specific or specific meaning to these two
+
+245
+00:28:51,870 --> 00:28:59,200
+suffixes I'd say for example national nationalize
+
+246
+00:28:59,200 --> 00:29:08,960
+tender tenderize intense intensify pure purify
+
+247
+00:29:08,960 --> 00:29:17,000
+okay we have adverbs the productive suffix for
+
+248
+00:29:17,000 --> 00:29:23,400
+making adverbs is always NY so we have easy sorry
+
+249
+00:29:23,400 --> 00:29:33,040
+easy easily recent recently private noise noisy
+
+250
+00:29:33,040 --> 00:29:41,760
+noisily socially socially also we have the suffix
+
+251
+00:29:41,760 --> 00:29:51,100
+wise w i s e clockwise value, value wise okay it
+
+252
+00:29:51,100 --> 00:29:54,940
+is rarely used but the most productive suffix is
+
+253
+00:29:54,940 --> 00:30:01,200
+the ly okay we
+
+254
+00:30:01,200 --> 00:30:08,400
+have prefixes okay added for making adverbs when i
+
+255
+00:30:08,400 --> 00:30:13,140
+say for example sedent antecedent ante what does
+
+256
+00:30:13,140 --> 00:30:18,760
+it mean ante here in have a and te means first but
+
+257
+00:30:18,760 --> 00:30:23,560
+anti or anti in american english it is against
+
+258
+00:30:23,560 --> 00:30:32,860
+auto means self by means two tri three okay
+
+259
+00:30:32,860 --> 00:30:40,840
+trilingual what does it mean trilingual a person
+
+260
+00:30:40,840 --> 00:30:45,540
+speaking three languages bilingual person speaking
+
+261
+00:30:45,540 --> 00:30:50,420
+two languages multilingual okay so a person
+
+262
+00:30:50,420 --> 00:30:53,300
+speaking a number of languages so multi means
+
+263
+00:30:53,300 --> 00:31:01,200
+numerous yes
+
+264
+00:31:01,200 --> 00:31:09,340
+as i mentioned anti this is meaning before anti or
+
+265
+00:31:09,340 --> 00:31:14,510
+anti means against auto means self by means to
+
+266
+00:31:14,510 --> 00:31:22,250
+circum means around kun
+
+267
+00:31:22,250 --> 00:31:29,290
+or ku means together okay when
+
+268
+00:31:29,290 --> 00:31:37,230
+i have out means
+
+269
+00:31:37,230 --> 00:31:45,110
+from or from it is here we have Inter means
+
+270
+00:31:45,110 --> 00:31:45,570
+between.
+
+271
+00:31:49,750 --> 00:31:55,550
+Intercontinental means between continents.
+
+272
+00:31:56,470 --> 00:32:02,270
+Macro means large. Micro, when I say micro
+
+273
+00:32:02,270 --> 00:32:09,180
+teaching, Okay, a sample class done by the
+
+274
+00:32:09,180 --> 00:32:12,640
+teachers to the teachers. Okay, micro teaching.
+
+275
+00:32:13,120 --> 00:32:17,800
+But macro teaching is the larger process. Miss
+
+276
+00:32:17,800 --> 00:32:25,020
+means wrong. Mono means well. Monolingual can a
+
+277
+00:32:25,020 --> 00:32:30,060
+person speaking one language. Post means behind or
+
+278
+00:32:30,060 --> 00:32:30,440
+after.
+
+279
+00:32:34,780 --> 00:32:43,000
+okay before يعني first proof for when I say I'm
+
+280
+00:32:43,000 --> 00:32:50,560
+pro-Palestinians supporting Palestinians okay for
+
+281
+00:32:50,560 --> 00:32:57,100
+means for pro means for against this is anti
+
+282
+00:32:57,100 --> 00:33:01,420
+-Palestinian okay for example re means repeat
+
+283
+00:33:01,420 --> 00:33:12,560
+rewrite reread okay redo etc sub I say group
+
+284
+00:33:12,560 --> 00:33:16,540
+subgroup sub subgroup so you divide you check you
+
+285
+00:33:16,540 --> 00:33:22,260
+divide things means under trans means across
+
+286
+00:33:22,260 --> 00:33:29,660
+parent transparent transparency okay try means
+
+287
+00:33:29,660 --> 00:33:31,940
+three unique
+
+288
+00:33:33,300 --> 00:33:37,100
+Unilateral talks. Unilateral talks.
+
+289
+00:33:43,040 --> 00:33:55,100
+Ultra beyond, ultrasound. UN or IR or IN means
+
+290
+00:33:55,100 --> 00:33:55,900
+not.
+
+291
+00:34:02,800 --> 00:34:10,360
+So we have these derivations in English. Now these
+
+292
+00:34:10,360 --> 00:34:13,280
+derivations are of different types as you see.
+
+293
+00:34:14,640 --> 00:34:21,880
+Why? It is borrowing. As I mentioned English
+
+294
+00:34:21,880 --> 00:34:27,390
+borrowed from a number of languages so it borrowed
+
+295
+00:34:27,390 --> 00:34:35,770
+the system of suffixes or prefixes or say affixes
+
+296
+00:34:35,770 --> 00:34:41,550
+okay with all its three types suffixes prefixes
+
+297
+00:34:41,550 --> 00:34:47,170
+and infixes so you have some words by certain
+
+298
+00:34:47,170 --> 00:34:52,310
+suffixes producing nouns some other words by
+
+299
+00:34:52,310 --> 00:34:56,370
+certain suffixes producing the same nouns the
+
+300
+00:34:56,370 --> 00:35:01,930
+adjectives the adverbs we have prefixes for making
+
+301
+00:35:01,930 --> 00:35:06,310
+nouns for making adjectives for making verbs for
+
+302
+00:35:06,310 --> 00:35:11,930
+making adverbs okay so we don't have specific rule
+
+303
+00:35:11,930 --> 00:35:16,950
+for making or for deriving words from words mainly
+
+304
+00:35:16,950 --> 00:35:22,030
+because English relies deeply on borrowing however
+
+305
+00:35:22,030 --> 00:35:26,930
+Arabic in Arabic the situation is different we
+
+306
+00:35:26,930 --> 00:35:32,410
+have a rule-based system in Arabic okay so we have
+
+307
+00:35:32,410 --> 00:35:38,030
+either prefixes infixes and suffixes but before
+
+308
+00:35:38,030 --> 00:35:42,470
+shifting to Arabic I need to focus on infixes in
+
+309
+00:35:42,470 --> 00:35:49,430
+English when I say for example man men okay here
+
+310
+00:35:49,430 --> 00:35:57,610
+we add infix we change the a into e mouse mice
+
+311
+00:35:59,450 --> 00:36:05,250
+Louse. Lice. Okay. These are infixes, but they are
+
+312
+00:36:05,250 --> 00:36:06,730
+rare in English.
+
+313
+00:36:10,090 --> 00:36:16,030
+Okay. However, in Arabic, it's very rich of
+
+314
+00:36:16,030 --> 00:36:25,030
+infixes. It's very rich of infixes. So we have كتب
+
+315
+00:36:25,030 --> 00:36:28,410
+or كتب, triconsonantal sound.
+
+316
+00:36:31,880 --> 00:36:38,680
+this is the verb derived from the stem by adding
+
+317
+00:36:38,680 --> 00:36:46,840
+what? the short vowels a o e I mean the nominative
+
+318
+00:36:46,840 --> 00:36:55,020
+case the accusative and genitive okay we
+
+319
+00:36:55,020 --> 00:37:05,680
+have كتب كتب مكتب is this suffix or prefix? prefix
+
+320
+00:37:05,680 --> 00:37:11,520
+added to the verb constituting or formulating a
+
+321
+00:37:11,520 --> 00:37:17,900
+noun مكاتب we
+
+322
+00:37:17,900 --> 00:37:27,880
+add infix ألف كاتب infix كاتبة مكاتبة
+
+323
+00:37:29,000 --> 00:37:35,520
+Suffix type now gender in English in Arabic is
+
+324
+00:37:35,520 --> 00:37:42,880
+made by the clitic Ta or Ta marbuta okay this is
+
+325
+00:37:42,880 --> 00:37:48,440
+very productive in English so I say for example
+
+326
+00:37:48,440 --> 00:37:49,820
+doctor
+
+327
+00:37:53,330 --> 00:37:59,470
+In Arabic, I say doctora. This is inserted in our
+
+328
+00:37:59,470 --> 00:38:03,850
+colloquial Arabic, in our Arabic vernaculars. So
+
+329
+00:38:03,850 --> 00:38:09,690
+we have this, tabib, tabiba. Okay, but this is
+
+330
+00:38:09,690 --> 00:38:13,990
+very difficult. This is not applicable to English.
+
+331
+00:38:14,730 --> 00:38:18,670
+I say doctor in English. I need my orido and
+
+332
+00:38:30,820 --> 00:38:36,800
+How could I translate it into English? To be seen
+
+333
+00:38:36,800 --> 00:38:41,920
+by a lady doctor. I'd like my wife to be seen by a
+
+334
+00:38:41,920 --> 00:38:46,580
+lady doctor. Okay? So here we have the clitic
+
+335
+00:38:46,580 --> 00:38:51,140
+system of Arabic, the clitic system of Arabic,
+
+336
+00:38:51,720 --> 00:38:58,100
+يعني ضمير الوصل in Arabic, clitic. We have the
+
+337
+00:38:58,100 --> 00:39:02,140
+clitic system ضمير الوصل. It's available in
+
+338
+00:39:02,140 --> 00:39:05,200
+Arabic. Is it available in English? No, we don't
+
+339
+00:39:05,200 --> 00:39:08,900
+have cliticization system in English, but we have
+
+340
+00:39:08,900 --> 00:39:15,020
+it in Arabic. So it is very productive. Okay. And
+
+341
+00:39:15,020 --> 00:39:21,480
+we have even fusional words in Arabic. I say a
+
+342
+00:39:21,480 --> 00:39:26,640
+complex sentence in one word as Asqaynakumu
+
+343
+00:39:26,640 --> 00:39:29,900
+Asqaynakumu.
+
+344
+00:39:30,520 --> 00:39:34,780
+This is the transitive verb. We have the subject,
+
+345
+00:39:35,220 --> 00:39:40,700
+the verb, direct object and indirect object. Okay.
+
+346
+00:39:40,960 --> 00:39:41,840
+Asqaynakumu.
+
+347
+00:39:45,680 --> 00:39:51,860
+Okay, so we have the clitic here Gender is very
+
+348
+00:39:51,860 --> 00:39:54,500
+productive in Arabic. This is done by adding a
+
+349
+00:39:54,500 --> 00:39:59,760
+suffix Ta Okay, but this is not applicable to
+
+350
+00:39:59,760 --> 00:40:02,800
+English and this shows the difficulty of the
+
+351
+00:40:02,800 --> 00:40:09,380
+English morphology you see So
+
+352
+00:40:09,380 --> 00:40:16,750
+Tabiba this is suffix Okay We have this applicable
+
+353
+00:40:16,750 --> 00:40:22,410
+to most of the nouns of Arabic, most of the verbs
+
+354
+00:40:22,410 --> 00:40:30,250
+of Arabic. So we can derive nouns from verbs.
+
+355
+00:40:35,010 --> 00:40:43,770
+Adjectives from nouns. I say حر حر برد برد. Okay.
+
+356
+00:40:48,850 --> 00:40:55,000
+Power. قوي okay so you have also nouns derived
+
+357
+00:40:55,000 --> 00:40:59,880
+from nouns adjectives derived from nouns nouns
+
+358
+00:40:59,880 --> 00:41:05,760
+derived from verbs but this is by adding prefix or
+
+359
+00:41:05,760 --> 00:41:11,260
+suffix or infix next time we are going to see more
+
+360
+00:41:11,260 --> 00:41:14,840
+information about the word formation of English
+
+361
+00:41:14,840 --> 00:41:18,420
+okay and Arabic as well and we are going to see
+
+362
+00:41:18,420 --> 00:41:21,980
+the inflection system plus what is called
+
+363
+00:41:21,980 --> 00:41:26,380
+compounding okay that's it for today thank you
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/b6knXDCe8yI_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1596 @@
+1
+00:00:13,500 --> 00:00:15,860
+Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Today inshallah I'm
+
+2
+00:00:15,860 --> 00:00:23,380
+going to explain causative verbs causative
+
+3
+00:00:23,380 --> 00:00:24,300
+verbs in English
+
+4
+00:00:30,800 --> 00:00:33,080
+So we are going to see causative verbs in English
+
+5
+00:00:33,080 --> 00:00:40,840
+and Arabic. Okay? Causativity is available in both
+
+6
+00:00:40,840 --> 00:00:45,660
+languages. But what does it mean causative verb?
+
+7
+00:00:52,540 --> 00:00:58,280
+We have a common structure for the causative verb
+
+8
+00:00:58,280 --> 00:01:05,330
+in English. It shows somebody or something is
+
+9
+00:01:05,330 --> 00:01:07,810
+indirectly responsible for an action.
+
+10
+00:01:14,310 --> 00:01:19,190
+So it shows that somebody or something is
+
+11
+00:01:19,190 --> 00:01:23,470
+indirectly responsible for an action is the causer
+
+12
+00:01:23,470 --> 00:01:24,790
+of an action.
+
+13
+00:01:28,760 --> 00:01:36,220
+So here the subject may not be responsible for the
+
+14
+00:01:36,220 --> 00:01:40,340
+performance of the action itself, but causes
+
+15
+00:01:40,340 --> 00:01:43,200
+someone or something else to do it.
+
+16
+00:01:50,900 --> 00:01:55,520
+So we have the causative there, it refers to
+
+17
+00:01:58,310 --> 00:02:02,590
+the action which is done indirectly by someone or
+
+18
+00:02:02,590 --> 00:02:09,910
+something. Okay? This does not necessarily mean
+
+19
+00:02:09,910 --> 00:02:16,950
+that the subject is the doer of the action. It may
+
+20
+00:02:16,950 --> 00:02:22,340
+be the indirect doer of the action. Okay? We have
+
+21
+00:02:22,340 --> 00:02:25,660
+active causative verbs and passive causative verbs
+
+22
+00:02:25,660 --> 00:02:30,880
+like any other verbs in English or even in Arabic.
+
+23
+00:02:35,820 --> 00:02:41,040
+So simply this structure is used when someone
+
+24
+00:02:41,040 --> 00:02:45,520
+causes something to happen or when a person causes
+
+25
+00:02:45,520 --> 00:02:50,110
+another one to take an action. For example,
+
+26
+00:02:51,030 --> 00:02:57,050
+railway station security had everyone show their
+
+27
+00:02:57,050 --> 00:03:03,050
+tickets. Railway station security had everyone
+
+28
+00:03:03,050 --> 00:03:08,630
+show their tickets. The ticket collector is the
+
+29
+00:03:08,630 --> 00:03:11,690
+person who directs, who is directly responsible
+
+30
+00:03:11,690 --> 00:03:14,990
+for the action. But what about the railway station
+
+31
+00:03:14,990 --> 00:03:19,770
+security? This is indirect. Once I say, for
+
+32
+00:03:19,770 --> 00:03:23,930
+example, the government had
+
+33
+00:03:23,930 --> 00:03:29,390
+the project done. If the government, the direct
+
+34
+00:03:29,390 --> 00:03:35,670
+object, you have the tenderer and the workers who
+
+35
+00:03:35,670 --> 00:03:40,690
+are responsible directly for the action. Okay? So
+
+36
+00:03:40,690 --> 00:03:44,310
+once we speak about indirect doer of the action, I
+
+37
+00:03:44,310 --> 00:03:48,710
+mean someone causes another one to do the action.
+
+38
+00:03:56,410 --> 00:04:01,030
+Okay? Railway station security had everyone show
+
+39
+00:04:01,030 --> 00:04:10,610
+their tickets. Okay? Now, we have had as a
+
+40
+00:04:10,610 --> 00:04:17,270
+causative verb have this structurally takes bare
+
+41
+00:04:17,270 --> 00:04:20,510
+infinitive you still remember the sensation verbs
+
+42
+00:04:20,510 --> 00:04:24,610
+once we explained the infinitive and gerund we
+
+43
+00:04:24,610 --> 00:04:28,750
+mentioned that the sensation verbs do not have
+
+44
+00:04:28,750 --> 00:04:33,370
+they only take bare infinitive except help or let
+
+45
+00:04:34,130 --> 00:04:38,050
+and make they take both bare infinitive and two
+
+46
+00:04:38,050 --> 00:04:42,570
+infinitive you still recall that now for the
+
+47
+00:04:42,570 --> 00:04:47,110
+causative verbs some of them take only bare
+
+48
+00:04:47,110 --> 00:04:51,710
+infinitive and some others take two infinitive
+
+49
+00:04:51,710 --> 00:04:58,850
+okay complete infinitive the
+
+50
+00:04:58,850 --> 00:05:02,410
+tutor made his students do an oral interpretation
+
+51
+00:05:04,640 --> 00:05:08,840
+The tutor made his students do an oral
+
+52
+00:05:08,840 --> 00:05:12,200
+interpretation. Is the tutor the doer of the
+
+53
+00:05:12,200 --> 00:05:15,980
+action? He is indirect doer of the action. The
+
+54
+00:05:15,980 --> 00:05:20,700
+students are the direct doers of the actions.
+
+55
+00:05:21,360 --> 00:05:27,100
+Okay? So do is a causative verb. Okay? Sorry make,
+
+56
+00:05:27,540 --> 00:05:31,100
+make is accusative verb. So it has bare infinitive
+
+57
+00:05:31,100 --> 00:05:35,580
+do the tutor made his students do an oral
+
+58
+00:05:35,580 --> 00:05:41,540
+interpretation I had Bill fix the van the van I
+
+59
+00:05:41,540 --> 00:05:48,120
+had Bill fix the van the van so you have had as
+
+60
+00:05:48,120 --> 00:05:56,200
+accusative verb it has fix as bare infinitive we
+
+61
+00:05:56,200 --> 00:06:01,060
+don't have here two verbs we have only one verb
+
+62
+00:06:01,060 --> 00:06:04,500
+one causative verb had the second is bare
+
+63
+00:06:04,500 --> 00:06:09,360
+infinitive okay I had the van fixed this is
+
+64
+00:06:09,360 --> 00:06:15,760
+passive I had Bill fix the van this is active you
+
+65
+00:06:15,760 --> 00:06:19,000
+have the subject once you cross out the subject
+
+66
+00:06:19,000 --> 00:06:25,110
+then and made the required changes for Passive
+
+67
+00:06:25,110 --> 00:06:28,670
+requirements. You have a sentence like I had the
+
+68
+00:06:28,670 --> 00:06:35,530
+van fixed. Van is an object. Okay, here it becomes
+
+69
+00:06:35,530 --> 00:06:42,690
+derived subject plus the past participle of the
+
+70
+00:06:42,690 --> 00:06:45,830
+verb fix. I had the van fixed.
+
+71
+00:06:52,850 --> 00:06:56,610
+So we have active causative verbs and passive
+
+72
+00:06:56,610 --> 00:07:01,950
+causative verbs the active causative verbs have
+
+73
+00:07:01,950 --> 00:07:08,450
+specific structure subject you have overt subject
+
+74
+00:07:08,450 --> 00:07:13,110
+causative verb agent يعني the doer of the action
+
+75
+00:07:13,110 --> 00:07:17,530
+the real doer of the action then bare infinitive
+
+76
+00:07:17,530 --> 00:07:22,320
+or too infinitive you complete the sentence with
+
+77
+00:07:22,320 --> 00:07:29,380
+object complement the judge had the lawyer defend
+
+78
+00:07:29,380 --> 00:07:36,160
+the suspect the judge this is subject had this
+
+79
+00:07:36,160 --> 00:07:41,420
+causative verb the lawyer the lawyer this is the
+
+80
+00:07:41,420 --> 00:07:46,980
+lawyer this is the agent okay the real doer of the
+
+81
+00:07:46,980 --> 00:07:53,380
+action then the suspect Okay. Which is the object.
+
+82
+00:07:54,000 --> 00:08:00,200
+Okay. We have the bare infinitive preceding the
+
+83
+00:08:00,200 --> 00:08:04,740
+subject that is defend. So we have the subject,
+
+84
+00:08:06,040 --> 00:08:10,840
+the causative verb, the agent, the bare
+
+85
+00:08:10,840 --> 00:08:17,980
+infinitive, and the object. Okay. Or object
+
+86
+00:08:17,980 --> 00:08:25,770
+complement. So the judge had the lawyer defend the
+
+87
+00:08:25,770 --> 00:08:31,610
+suspect. The judge had the advocate defend the
+
+88
+00:08:31,610 --> 00:08:32,990
+subject. The same thing.
+
+89
+00:08:36,030 --> 00:08:39,490
+The English department of the university made all
+
+90
+00:08:39,490 --> 00:08:44,150
+staff members attend the stylistics seminar.
+
+91
+00:08:46,770 --> 00:08:49,270
+The English department of the university, this is
+
+92
+00:08:49,270 --> 00:08:54,640
+direct, Subject, this is, it is subject, indirect,
+
+93
+00:08:54,960 --> 00:09:00,240
+okay, made this causative verb. All staff members,
+
+94
+00:09:00,680 --> 00:09:06,780
+this is the agent, attend their infinitive, the
+
+95
+00:09:06,780 --> 00:09:09,040
+stylistic seminar object.
+
+96
+00:09:12,520 --> 00:09:13,500
+Okay.
+
+97
+00:09:17,870 --> 00:09:22,130
+So we have the agent, as you see, maybe a person
+
+98
+00:09:22,130 --> 00:09:29,710
+or something, okay, to whom is caused to take an
+
+99
+00:09:29,710 --> 00:09:34,530
+action. The agent is caused to do the action. The
+
+100
+00:09:34,530 --> 00:09:37,030
+agent is caused to do the action.
+
+101
+00:09:40,270 --> 00:09:46,170
+We have lots of causative verbs in English, okay?
+
+102
+00:09:48,180 --> 00:09:58,260
+like require sorry we have convince we have have
+
+103
+00:09:58,260 --> 00:10:08,440
+let and make okay these require only bare
+
+104
+00:10:08,440 --> 00:10:14,600
+infinitive have let and make three causative verbs
+
+105
+00:10:16,100 --> 00:10:23,720
+three causative verbs have only bare infinitive we
+
+106
+00:10:23,720 --> 00:10:27,880
+have have let and make these are three causative
+
+107
+00:10:27,880 --> 00:10:34,920
+verbs okay they directly take bare infinitive okay
+
+108
+00:10:34,920 --> 00:10:43,480
+we have other verbs they take two infinitives such
+
+109
+00:10:43,480 --> 00:10:49,270
+as convince allow, encourage, permit, employ,
+
+110
+00:10:49,650 --> 00:10:55,230
+help, get, require, motivate, hire, assist,
+
+111
+00:10:55,750 --> 00:11:01,610
+permit, command, force, order, remind, urge,
+
+112
+00:11:02,210 --> 00:11:06,970
+enforce. These are causative verbs, but they have
+
+113
+00:11:06,970 --> 00:11:10,430
+two infinitives. However, we have three causative
+
+114
+00:11:10,430 --> 00:11:14,790
+verbs like have, let, and make. They only take
+
+115
+00:11:15,560 --> 00:11:18,960
+Their infinitive. The lawyer convinced the judge
+
+116
+00:11:18,960 --> 00:11:24,520
+to reduce the fine. Convinced. So we have to
+
+117
+00:11:24,520 --> 00:11:28,000
+reduce. The teacher encouraged the students to
+
+118
+00:11:28,000 --> 00:11:32,300
+apply for the scholarships. to apply because we
+
+119
+00:11:32,300 --> 00:11:35,920
+have encouraged. The boss required new employees
+
+120
+00:11:35,920 --> 00:11:40,860
+to attend training sessions twice a week to attend
+
+121
+00:11:40,860 --> 00:11:45,500
+because we have required. The magazine encouraged
+
+122
+00:11:45,500 --> 00:11:49,340
+all readers to submit suggestions for future
+
+123
+00:11:49,340 --> 00:11:54,460
+issues. Okay, so we have encouraged and we have to
+
+124
+00:11:54,460 --> 00:12:01,080
+submit. Okay, it's very simple rule. All causative
+
+125
+00:12:01,080 --> 00:12:10,660
+verbs accept to infinitive except we have, let and
+
+126
+00:12:10,660 --> 00:12:11,200
+make.
+
+127
+00:12:14,560 --> 00:12:18,420
+No, no, no. They accept, have, let and make,
+
+128
+00:12:18,980 --> 00:12:22,540
+except here as causative verb, as causative once
+
+129
+00:12:22,540 --> 00:12:26,660
+they hold the meaning of causativity, then they
+
+130
+00:12:26,660 --> 00:12:31,990
+have only bare infinitive. We are going to explain
+
+131
+00:12:31,990 --> 00:12:34,790
+anyway. The active causative.
+
+132
+00:12:41,550 --> 00:12:46,350
+Once we say the magazine should encourage all
+
+133
+00:12:46,350 --> 00:12:50,610
+readers to submit suggestions for future issues.
+
+134
+00:12:50,710 --> 00:12:54,110
+What do you call this sentence? Active or passive?
+
+135
+00:12:57,280 --> 00:12:59,960
+The magazine should encourage all readers to
+
+136
+00:12:59,960 --> 00:13:04,680
+submit suggestions for future issues. This is
+
+137
+00:13:04,680 --> 00:13:06,440
+active. Okay?
+
+138
+00:13:10,360 --> 00:13:14,200
+So you have the subject, the magazine. Should,
+
+139
+00:13:14,480 --> 00:13:19,080
+this is modal auxiliary verb. Encourage, this is
+
+140
+00:13:19,080 --> 00:13:26,110
+causative verb. Okay? All readers. Agent. To
+
+141
+00:13:26,110 --> 00:13:33,510
+submit, we have the infinitive to infinitive,
+
+142
+00:13:34,410 --> 00:13:40,630
+okay? To submit suggestions for future issues, we
+
+143
+00:13:40,630 --> 00:13:44,990
+have object and object complement, okay?
+
+144
+00:13:48,370 --> 00:13:53,410
+Teachers should ask students to make responses for
+
+145
+00:13:53,410 --> 00:13:59,320
+every class they attend. teachers, the subject
+
+146
+00:13:59,320 --> 00:14:05,540
+should model auxiliary, ask causative verb,
+
+147
+00:14:05,680 --> 00:14:11,940
+students agent to make responses for every class
+
+148
+00:14:11,940 --> 00:14:16,300
+they attend responses this is object for every
+
+149
+00:14:16,300 --> 00:14:19,160
+class they attend this is object complement.
+
+150
+00:14:22,780 --> 00:14:26,880
+So the most common causative verbs of all the
+
+151
+00:14:26,880 --> 00:14:32,160
+verbs we mentioned just a minute ago are get,
+
+152
+00:14:32,460 --> 00:14:39,480
+have, let, help. So you have get, have, let, help.
+
+153
+00:14:39,920 --> 00:14:45,040
+These have their own rules. They have their own
+
+154
+00:14:45,040 --> 00:14:49,420
+rules in English. So we have get,
+
+155
+00:14:50,600 --> 00:14:52,540
+okay?
+
+156
+00:14:55,230 --> 00:15:01,270
+Will get my car maintained before this winter. I
+
+157
+00:15:01,270 --> 00:15:03,830
+Will get my car maintained before this winter is
+
+158
+00:15:03,830 --> 00:15:08,090
+this active or passive? Passive passive
+
+159
+00:15:08,090 --> 00:15:12,150
+construction So it consists of the verb get the
+
+160
+00:15:12,150 --> 00:15:16,510
+causative verb get Then we have person or thing
+
+161
+00:15:16,510 --> 00:15:23,870
+then you have two plus the verb, I will get my car
+
+162
+00:15:23,870 --> 00:15:28,050
+mentioned, maintained before this winter. Okay.
+
+163
+00:15:31,690 --> 00:15:37,210
+Here we have the construction means to convince
+
+164
+00:15:37,210 --> 00:15:42,370
+someone to do something or to trick someone into
+
+165
+00:15:42,370 --> 00:15:46,950
+doing something. Semantically, get here means
+
+166
+00:15:46,950 --> 00:15:51,370
+convince okay I will get my car maintained by this
+
+167
+00:15:51,370 --> 00:15:54,990
+winter okay this means that I will convince
+
+168
+00:15:54,990 --> 00:16:00,410
+someone to have maintenance to my car before
+
+169
+00:16:00,410 --> 00:16:06,250
+winter okay how can teachers get their students to
+
+170
+00:16:06,250 --> 00:16:11,790
+read more now once you have active then you have
+
+171
+00:16:11,790 --> 00:16:16,070
+the to infinitive once you have passive You have
+
+172
+00:16:16,070 --> 00:16:18,990
+bare infinitive. I will get my car maintained
+
+173
+00:16:18,990 --> 00:16:25,990
+before this winter. So maintained is passive. I
+
+174
+00:16:25,990 --> 00:16:29,790
+will get my car maintained before this winter.
+
+175
+00:16:30,550 --> 00:16:34,350
+Okay? How can teachers get their students to read
+
+176
+00:16:34,350 --> 00:16:38,410
+more? This is active sentence. We have the agent.
+
+177
+00:16:39,190 --> 00:16:43,970
+Al-Aqsa TV commercials are trying to get people to
+
+178
+00:16:43,970 --> 00:16:55,200
+stop smoking. Active. Okay. Now, we have have. The
+
+179
+00:16:55,200 --> 00:17:01,660
+causative verb have takes bare infinitive. The
+
+180
+00:17:01,660 --> 00:17:06,380
+doctor had his nurse take the patient's
+
+181
+00:17:06,380 --> 00:17:09,160
+temperature. Is it available to say the doctor had
+
+182
+00:17:09,160 --> 00:17:13,300
+his nurse to take the patient's temperature? It's
+
+183
+00:17:13,300 --> 00:17:18,450
+not accepted. okay so the verb have takes bare
+
+184
+00:17:18,450 --> 00:17:23,450
+infinitive please have your secretary forward me
+
+185
+00:17:23,450 --> 00:17:29,090
+the email so you have the bare infinitive forward
+
+186
+00:17:29,090 --> 00:17:34,970
+I had the technician check the photography machine
+
+187
+00:17:34,970 --> 00:17:43,310
+had so we have check this is bare infinitive okay
+
+188
+00:17:49,600 --> 00:17:55,900
+for get I mean the causative verb get this is in
+
+189
+00:17:55,900 --> 00:18:00,800
+case of active it takes two infinitives complete
+
+190
+00:18:00,800 --> 00:18:05,620
+infinitive he got the mechanic to check his brakes
+
+191
+00:18:05,620 --> 00:18:09,500
+at first the mechanic didn't think it was
+
+192
+00:18:09,500 --> 00:18:13,320
+necessary but he convinced him to check the brakes
+
+193
+00:18:13,320 --> 00:18:17,880
+get here means convince okay
+
+194
+00:18:20,380 --> 00:18:23,760
+so this is active construction so you have to
+
+195
+00:18:23,760 --> 00:18:28,100
+check complete infinitive I had the mechanic check
+
+196
+00:18:28,100 --> 00:18:33,760
+my brakes I had the mechanic check my brakes I
+
+197
+00:18:33,760 --> 00:18:37,160
+asked the mechanic to check the brakes had here
+
+198
+00:18:37,160 --> 00:18:43,380
+means ask so it had only bare infinitive as I
+
+199
+00:18:43,380 --> 00:18:46,880
+mentioned previously have takes bare infinitive
+
+200
+00:18:46,880 --> 00:18:53,980
+only now make the causative verb make as i
+
+201
+00:18:53,980 --> 00:18:59,000
+mentioned it takes only bare infinitive my dad
+
+202
+00:18:59,000 --> 00:19:05,300
+made me apologize for what i had done make
+
+203
+00:19:05,300 --> 00:19:09,980
+this is causative verb so it has bare infinitive
+
+204
+00:19:09,980 --> 00:19:15,520
+apologize you see did somebody make you wear this
+
+205
+00:19:15,520 --> 00:19:21,260
+ugly pant so you have make the causative verb and
+
+206
+00:19:21,260 --> 00:19:26,040
+the bare infinitive. She made her kids tidy their
+
+207
+00:19:26,040 --> 00:19:31,300
+beds. Bardo made, so we have the causative, the
+
+208
+00:19:31,300 --> 00:19:36,100
+bare infinitive tidy. We can't say to tidy, it's
+
+209
+00:19:36,100 --> 00:19:42,480
+wrong. Then we have let, the same thing. Only has,
+
+210
+00:19:42,520 --> 00:19:47,220
+only have bare infinitive. Sorry, only has bare
+
+211
+00:19:47,220 --> 00:19:47,720
+infinitive.
+
+212
+00:19:50,480 --> 00:19:53,520
+Mary let me use her new laptop.
+
+213
+00:19:56,940 --> 00:20:02,540
+Use. It's per infinitive. Why? Because we have
+
+214
+00:20:02,540 --> 00:20:06,860
+let. Will your parents let you go to the festival?
+
+215
+00:20:08,200 --> 00:20:14,400
+Let. Why do I use get? Sorry, I use go. Because we
+
+216
+00:20:14,400 --> 00:20:18,470
+have the causative verb let which only takes Bare
+
+217
+00:20:18,470 --> 00:20:22,390
+infinitive. Okay, I don't know if my boss will let
+
+218
+00:20:22,390 --> 00:20:27,470
+me take the day off. Also we have let, so it has
+
+219
+00:20:27,470 --> 00:20:34,390
+take as bare infinitive only. So these are active
+
+220
+00:20:34,390 --> 00:20:37,050
+constructions and now we see passive
+
+221
+00:20:37,050 --> 00:20:42,750
+constructions. Which means that having something
+
+222
+00:20:42,750 --> 00:20:47,640
+done by another person. Ahmed had his house
+
+223
+00:20:47,640 --> 00:20:52,480
+repaired after the Furqan War in Gaza last year.
+
+224
+00:20:54,740 --> 00:21:00,220
+Ahmed had his house repaired, repaired by someone.
+
+225
+00:21:01,280 --> 00:21:05,020
+So the agent is absent here because this is
+
+226
+00:21:05,020 --> 00:21:09,860
+passive construction. Ahmed had his house repaired
+
+227
+00:21:09,860 --> 00:21:15,680
+after the Furqan War in Gaza last year. So we have
+
+228
+00:21:15,680 --> 00:21:21,320
+had as a causative verb, we have repaired as
+
+229
+00:21:21,320 --> 00:21:24,820
+passive construction. This is the past participle.
+
+230
+00:21:26,780 --> 00:21:30,100
+Okay? The action, the real doer of the action is
+
+231
+00:21:30,100 --> 00:21:33,740
+upset for the requirements of passive
+
+232
+00:21:33,740 --> 00:21:37,880
+construction. President Obama had his speech
+
+233
+00:21:37,880 --> 00:21:41,160
+written by a very talented group of writers.
+
+234
+00:21:43,190 --> 00:21:46,950
+President Obama had, this is causative verb, had
+
+235
+00:21:46,950 --> 00:21:51,990
+his speech written. The subject is absent by a
+
+236
+00:21:51,990 --> 00:21:55,530
+very talented group, written. So we have, in case
+
+237
+00:21:55,530 --> 00:21:58,470
+of having passive, we change the bare infinitive
+
+238
+00:21:58,470 --> 00:22:02,930
+into past participle. In both cases, the person
+
+239
+00:22:02,930 --> 00:22:06,710
+Ahmed and President Obama arranged for something
+
+240
+00:22:06,710 --> 00:22:10,830
+repairing a house or writing a speech to be done
+
+241
+00:22:10,830 --> 00:22:12,110
+by a third person.
+
+242
+00:22:16,550 --> 00:22:19,350
+For the passive sentence structure, you know, it
+
+243
+00:22:19,350 --> 00:22:24,390
+consists from the subject, causative verb, object,
+
+244
+00:22:24,670 --> 00:22:28,130
+not agent. The agent is available for making me
+
+245
+00:22:28,130 --> 00:22:33,670
+active. Okay? Then the past participle, not bare
+
+246
+00:22:33,670 --> 00:22:39,510
+infinitive. I had the van turned up. Okay?
+
+247
+00:22:44,020 --> 00:22:47,420
+He had his home air conditioned system.
+
+248
+00:22:50,300 --> 00:22:54,720
+He had his home air conditioned system installed a
+
+249
+00:22:54,720 --> 00:23:00,960
+week ago. So we have installed past participle for
+
+250
+00:23:00,960 --> 00:23:04,640
+the causative verb had or have mainly because this
+
+251
+00:23:04,640 --> 00:23:08,500
+construction is active or passive? Passive. But in
+
+252
+00:23:08,500 --> 00:23:10,900
+case of active, we have bare infinitive.
+
+253
+00:23:12,100 --> 00:23:18,130
+Installed. Okay. I got my car washed and waxed at
+
+254
+00:23:18,130 --> 00:23:24,290
+the new service station. Good. This is causative
+
+255
+00:23:24,290 --> 00:23:27,510
+there. So we have the past participle washed
+
+256
+00:23:27,510 --> 00:23:32,990
+because this is passive. Okay. So in passivization
+
+257
+00:23:32,990 --> 00:23:37,570
+structure, we have the past participle and the
+
+258
+00:23:37,570 --> 00:23:42,640
+subject is absent. However, in active, we have the
+
+259
+00:23:42,640 --> 00:23:48,400
+agent or the real subject present plus the verb,
+
+260
+00:23:48,500 --> 00:23:51,540
+per infinitive or to infinitive. It depends on the
+
+261
+00:23:51,540 --> 00:23:55,840
+type of the causative verb. I got my car washed
+
+262
+00:23:55,840 --> 00:24:00,440
+and waxed at the new service station. Although she
+
+263
+00:24:00,440 --> 00:24:05,260
+hates the dentist, she has had her teeth cleaned
+
+264
+00:24:05,260 --> 00:24:06,160
+regularly.
+
+265
+00:24:08,280 --> 00:24:13,680
+has had so have here is a causative verb but it is
+
+266
+00:24:13,680 --> 00:24:17,820
+passive because the agent is deleted and now we
+
+267
+00:24:17,820 --> 00:24:23,220
+have the past participle cleaned you good that
+
+268
+00:24:23,220 --> 00:24:32,440
+okay in
+
+269
+00:24:32,440 --> 00:24:37,300
+case of need and want okay
+
+270
+00:24:40,260 --> 00:24:44,760
+The verb need or want may appear in passive
+
+271
+00:24:44,760 --> 00:24:46,180
+causative sentences.
+
+272
+00:24:50,980 --> 00:24:55,940
+In cases
+
+273
+00:24:55,940 --> 00:25:02,740
+where the causative verb have or get are deleted
+
+274
+00:25:02,740 --> 00:25:05,580
+from the sentence. So they can be replaced by
+
+275
+00:25:05,580 --> 00:25:12,410
+need, want I need to have the van turned up sorry
+
+276
+00:25:12,410 --> 00:25:19,230
+tuned up I need the van tuned up I need okay I
+
+277
+00:25:19,230 --> 00:25:27,130
+need to have or I need the van directly okay the
+
+278
+00:25:27,130 --> 00:25:29,610
+modal auxiliary may be used with a causative verb
+
+279
+00:25:29,610 --> 00:25:34,370
+as well okay to express suggestion by the speaker
+
+280
+00:25:34,370 --> 00:25:37,870
+himself you should have your hair your hair cut
+
+281
+00:25:37,870 --> 00:25:44,130
+you should have your hair cut okay I have my hair
+
+282
+00:25:44,130 --> 00:25:49,470
+cut okay the subject is absent the subject is the
+
+283
+00:25:49,470 --> 00:25:56,650
+stylist who cut my hair okay I had my hair cut
+
+284
+00:25:56,650 --> 00:26:01,470
+this is passive since we have had then we have the
+
+285
+00:26:01,470 --> 00:26:05,130
+past participle in passive. In case of active, we
+
+286
+00:26:05,130 --> 00:26:11,590
+have had plus bare infinitive. Okay? So don't mix
+
+287
+00:26:11,590 --> 00:26:16,770
+between the function of had or have in active and
+
+288
+00:26:16,770 --> 00:26:20,730
+its function in passive. In case of active, you
+
+289
+00:26:20,730 --> 00:26:23,750
+have to use bare infinitive. In case of passive,
+
+290
+00:26:24,810 --> 00:26:35,530
+then past participle. Okay? So we have the
+
+291
+00:26:35,530 --> 00:26:39,170
+modal auxiliary as we mentioned, can be used with
+
+292
+00:26:39,170 --> 00:26:43,310
+causative sentence to express suggestions by the
+
+293
+00:26:43,310 --> 00:26:43,690
+speaker.
+
+294
+00:26:50,010 --> 00:26:53,330
+so the construction is subject modal auxiliary
+
+295
+00:26:53,330 --> 00:26:57,950
+verb causative verb object or past participle you
+
+296
+00:26:57,950 --> 00:27:03,910
+should have his pants ironed okay this means that
+
+297
+00:27:03,910 --> 00:27:08,510
+the person who is going to iron the pants, the
+
+298
+00:27:08,510 --> 00:27:13,770
+pants is absent. Someone, he should have his pants
+
+299
+00:27:13,770 --> 00:27:17,450
+ironed. So we have have plus the past participle,
+
+300
+00:27:17,670 --> 00:27:23,410
+this is passive, and we can normally use or we can
+
+301
+00:27:23,410 --> 00:27:28,710
+easily use the modal auxiliary should or would in
+
+302
+00:27:28,710 --> 00:27:30,430
+this sentence, okay?
+
+303
+00:27:34,050 --> 00:27:41,150
+Now, we have causativity in Arabic, okay? So, to
+
+304
+00:27:41,150 --> 00:27:45,070
+sum up this story, the story of causativity, we
+
+305
+00:27:45,070 --> 00:27:48,860
+have lots of causative verbs they all together
+
+306
+00:27:48,860 --> 00:27:53,660
+take two infinitives in case of active past
+
+307
+00:27:53,660 --> 00:27:57,900
+participle in case of passive the agent must be
+
+308
+00:27:57,900 --> 00:28:02,880
+present in case of active the agent is absent in
+
+309
+00:28:02,880 --> 00:28:07,480
+case of passive still we have some irregular
+
+310
+00:28:07,480 --> 00:28:10,600
+causative verbs which only take bare infinitive
+
+311
+00:28:10,600 --> 00:28:19,000
+they are let have and make okay Now, do you have
+
+312
+00:28:19,000 --> 00:28:22,240
+this construction available in Arabic? Yes, we
+
+313
+00:28:22,240 --> 00:28:24,000
+have. Okay?
+
+314
+00:28:29,080 --> 00:28:35,140
+We have the causativity in Arabic caused by what
+
+315
+00:28:35,140 --> 00:28:40,300
+was called a blout or gemination. يعني التشديد
+
+316
+00:28:40,300 --> 00:28:43,380
+الشدّة يعني doubling. Okay?
+
+317
+00:28:46,340 --> 00:28:46,960
+The verb
+
+318
+00:28:51,530 --> 00:29:01,390
+We have here the verb هدمة it changed to هدمة. We
+
+319
+00:29:01,390 --> 00:29:06,790
+have the short vowel فتحة instead of كسرة هدمة
+
+320
+00:29:06,790 --> 00:29:12,580
+becomes هدمة Hadama here is a causative verb,
+
+321
+00:29:13,020 --> 00:29:18,940
+okay? Available or done by having what is called a
+
+322
+00:29:18,940 --> 00:29:24,640
+plout. The plout construction is the use of the
+
+323
+00:29:24,640 --> 00:29:30,620
+case, the causative case instead of genitive case.
+
+324
+00:29:31,880 --> 00:29:39,980
+When I say hadima, this is Genitive case then we
+
+325
+00:29:39,980 --> 00:29:50,400
+have the accusative case in having hadama Okay So
+
+326
+00:29:50,400 --> 00:29:54,640
+we have The
+
+327
+00:29:54,640 --> 00:29:57,940
+stem hadima itself cannot configure it a
+
+328
+00:29:57,940 --> 00:30:00,780
+meaningful sentence Okay
+
+329
+00:30:02,890 --> 00:30:07,150
+but in case of being changed to هدمة by having
+
+330
+00:30:07,150 --> 00:30:10,250
+accusative case instead of genitive then we have a
+
+331
+00:30:10,250 --> 00:30:16,330
+meaning okay so
+
+332
+00:30:16,330 --> 00:30:21,190
+the second sound has
+
+333
+00:30:21,190 --> 00:30:28,130
+the accusative case هدمة when I say هدمة I can't
+
+334
+00:30:28,130 --> 00:30:33,240
+say هدمة العدو المنزلة But I say هدم العدو المنزلة
+
+335
+00:30:33,240 --> 00:30:45,260
+Okay هدم العدو المنزلة هدم is a causative verb We
+
+336
+00:30:45,260 --> 00:30:53,080
+have حَزِنَة Be sad حَزَنَة This is make sad
+
+337
+00:30:53,080 --> 00:31:05,000
+خَرِبَ Be destroyed خَرَبَ this is destroy hazina,
+
+338
+00:31:05,720 --> 00:31:11,200
+be ridiculed hazia, sorry hazia, be ridiculed
+
+339
+00:31:11,200 --> 00:31:18,520
+hazia, ridiculed najiza,
+
+340
+00:31:18,920 --> 00:31:28,620
+be implemented najiza, implement okay khafia
+
+341
+00:31:31,160 --> 00:31:38,980
+Be hidden خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة
+
+342
+00:31:38,980 --> 00:31:40,920
+خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة
+
+343
+00:31:40,920 --> 00:31:41,140
+خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة
+
+344
+00:31:41,140 --> 00:31:41,220
+خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة
+
+345
+00:31:41,220 --> 00:31:44,640
+خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة
+
+346
+00:31:44,640 --> 00:31:52,340
+خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة خَفَة
+
+347
+00:31:52,340 --> 00:32:00,100
+خَفَة خَفَة
+
+348
+00:32:00,100 --> 00:32:07,830
+خَ Okay So the second verbs are the causative
+
+349
+00:32:07,830 --> 00:32:16,930
+verbs when I say for example These
+
+350
+00:32:16,930 --> 00:32:21,250
+are causative verbs causing caused by what is
+
+351
+00:32:21,250 --> 00:32:24,950
+called a blout construction the blout construction
+
+352
+00:32:24,950 --> 00:32:30,630
+means the change of the short vowel from kasra
+
+353
+00:32:30,630 --> 00:32:37,250
+genitive to fatha in the second letter okay on the
+
+354
+00:32:37,250 --> 00:32:42,610
+second consonant sound no no gemination is another
+
+355
+00:32:42,610 --> 00:32:47,270
+thing this
+
+356
+00:32:47,270 --> 00:32:51,850
+is called doubling or what is called gemination so
+
+357
+00:32:51,850 --> 00:32:54,490
+another way for causing causatives in Arabic
+
+358
+00:32:58,290 --> 00:33:04,570
+we can say hazana okay you we have two ways for
+
+359
+00:33:04,570 --> 00:33:07,570
+making causatives in arabic either by using a play
+
+360
+00:33:07,570 --> 00:33:11,150
+out for some verbs or by using gemination
+
+361
+00:33:11,150 --> 00:33:15,530
+gemination cannot be available for all verbs and
+
+362
+00:33:15,530 --> 00:33:18,410
+also a play out construction cannot be applicable
+
+363
+00:33:18,410 --> 00:33:22,270
+for all verbs in arabic okay and we have two
+
+364
+00:33:22,270 --> 00:33:26,990
+categories of causative verbs in arabic some of
+
+365
+00:33:26,990 --> 00:33:31,600
+them are available with allowed construction and
+
+366
+00:33:31,600 --> 00:33:34,880
+some others only accept gemination to be
+
+367
+00:33:34,880 --> 00:33:38,460
+constructed or to give the meaning of causativity
+
+368
+00:33:38,460 --> 00:33:48,500
+in Arabic okay so gemination حَزِنَ حَزَّنَ okay
+
+369
+00:33:48,500 --> 00:33:56,680
+طيب
+
+370
+00:33:57,600 --> 00:34:04,160
+حَزَّنَ فُقْدَانُ الْإِبْنِ أُمَّهُ Hazzana
+
+371
+00:34:04,160 --> 00:34:08,000
+Fuqdanu Al-Ibni Ummahu هَدِّمَ
+
+372
+00:34:08,000 --> 00:34:11,100
+هَدَّمَ
+
+373
+00:34:11,100 --> 00:34:14,760
+Haddama Haddama العدو المنزلَ العدو المنزلَ The
+
+374
+00:34:14,760 --> 00:34:19,520
+enemy destroyed the house هدّمَ هدّمَ is causative
+
+375
+00:34:19,520 --> 00:34:19,940
+there
+
+376
+00:34:26,850 --> 00:34:36,690
+خرِبَ خَرَّبَ نَجِزَ نَجَّزَ سَمِنَ
+
+377
+00:34:36,690 --> 00:34:43,290
+سَمَّنَ نَشِطَ
+
+378
+00:34:43,290 --> 00:34:50,290
+نَشَّطَ ضحكَ
+
+379
+00:34:50,290 --> 00:34:56,090
+ضحكَ نَمَ نَوَّمَ
+
+380
+00:34:58,070 --> 00:35:12,730
+عطسة عطسة عطسة okay بكى بكى okay فهمه فهمه okay
+
+381
+00:35:12,730 --> 00:35:23,730
+درسه درسه okay as I said فهمه فهمه make understand
+
+382
+00:35:23,730 --> 00:35:33,990
+علمه علمه Shariba, sharaba. Hamala, hammala. Okay,
+
+383
+00:35:34,490 --> 00:35:40,430
+so we have these are considered as causative verbs
+
+384
+00:35:40,430 --> 00:35:46,010
+in Arabic, but you have them taking the same
+
+385
+00:35:46,010 --> 00:35:49,530
+constructions as English. Is there any sort of
+
+386
+00:35:49,530 --> 00:35:53,050
+similarity between English causativity and Arabic
+
+387
+00:35:53,050 --> 00:35:58,250
+causativity here? They are highly divergent. Both
+
+388
+00:35:58,250 --> 00:36:01,490
+languages are different in this construction. We
+
+389
+00:36:01,490 --> 00:36:04,910
+don't have gymnasium in English. We don't have a
+
+390
+00:36:04,910 --> 00:36:09,250
+blout construction in English. Okay? In Arabic, we
+
+391
+00:36:09,250 --> 00:36:12,930
+don't have also bare infinitive or two
+
+392
+00:36:12,930 --> 00:36:16,390
+infinitives. Okay? So both languages are
+
+393
+00:36:16,390 --> 00:36:19,510
+different. This means that any mistake committed
+
+394
+00:36:19,510 --> 00:36:23,550
+in this regard is interlingual or interlingual.
+
+395
+00:36:24,880 --> 00:36:28,840
+Intralingual. It is not caused by Arabic. It is
+
+396
+00:36:28,840 --> 00:36:33,120
+caused by the difficulty of English. Is that
+
+397
+00:36:33,120 --> 00:36:38,160
+clear? Very good. Okay, that's it for today. Now
+
+398
+00:36:38,160 --> 00:36:40,940
+we are going to shift to discussion or
+
+399
+00:36:40,940 --> 00:36:43,840
+presentations about the previous subject. Okay.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/erNGGnXXyiI_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1860 @@
+1
+00:00:15,900 --> 00:00:16,580
+Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.
+
+2
+00:00:19,000 --> 00:00:22,980
+Just last time, we spoke about consonance.
+
+3
+00:00:28,110 --> 00:00:32,630
+And we've seen that there is a remarkable
+
+4
+00:00:32,630 --> 00:00:36,950
+difference between English and Arabic that causes
+
+5
+00:00:36,950 --> 00:00:42,610
+negative interference, which results into
+
+6
+00:00:42,610 --> 00:00:49,210
+interlingual errors. We've seen this in different
+
+7
+00:00:49,210 --> 00:00:56,930
+sounds of English, like the bilabial sounds, p and
+
+8
+00:00:56,930 --> 00:01:02,700
+b. Okay, like the V sound which was which is not
+
+9
+00:01:02,700 --> 00:01:08,700
+found in Arabic We've seen the alveolar sounds of
+
+10
+00:01:08,700 --> 00:01:22,360
+English Which are dental in Arabic so in These
+
+11
+00:01:22,360 --> 00:01:25,920
+sounds
+
+12
+00:01:25,920 --> 00:01:30,430
+are altogether alveolar in English while they are
+
+13
+00:01:30,430 --> 00:01:35,850
+dental in Arabic. So this causes our students to
+
+14
+00:01:35,850 --> 00:01:43,010
+pronounce such sounds into dental in English and
+
+15
+00:01:43,010 --> 00:01:45,430
+come out with a heavy accent that cannot be
+
+16
+00:01:45,430 --> 00:01:50,030
+understood by English native speakers. We still
+
+17
+00:01:50,030 --> 00:01:54,710
+have problematic difficulty which is represented
+
+18
+00:01:54,710 --> 00:01:58,670
+in other consonants and vowels.
+
+19
+00:02:02,020 --> 00:02:06,740
+We've seen the consonant doubling. There's no
+
+20
+00:02:06,740 --> 00:02:10,040
+consonant doubling in English. The gemination is
+
+21
+00:02:10,040 --> 00:02:15,480
+available in Arabic. Okay? So, we are going to see
+
+22
+00:02:15,480 --> 00:02:19,820
+this today and see also the clusterization system.
+
+23
+00:02:21,260 --> 00:02:27,220
+English has a number of clusters, while Arabic has
+
+24
+00:02:27,220 --> 00:02:31,140
+only two clusters, either in the middle of a word
+
+25
+00:02:31,760 --> 00:02:36,700
+or at the end of a word. Okay? So, but English has
+
+26
+00:02:36,700 --> 00:02:43,480
+two clusters, three clusters, four clusters, up to
+
+27
+00:02:43,480 --> 00:02:50,300
+seven clusters. This means the consequence of more
+
+28
+00:02:50,300 --> 00:02:56,480
+than seven clusters within one word or two words
+
+29
+00:02:56,480 --> 00:03:02,150
+in connected utterance. This causes our students
+
+30
+00:03:02,150 --> 00:03:06,090
+to commit also mistakes in pronunciation because
+
+31
+00:03:06,090 --> 00:03:10,630
+every single sound of Arabic is followed, every
+
+32
+00:03:10,630 --> 00:03:14,790
+single consonant of Arabic is followed by a vowel.
+
+33
+00:03:15,830 --> 00:03:19,330
+And the short vowels of Arabic are the three short
+
+34
+00:03:19,330 --> 00:03:23,610
+vowels, nominative, accusative, and genitive.
+
+35
+00:03:26,230 --> 00:03:30,490
+So every single sound, every single consonant is
+
+36
+00:03:30,490 --> 00:03:34,670
+followed by a vowel except only two consonants
+
+37
+00:03:34,670 --> 00:03:40,710
+that come either in the middle or in the end. And
+
+38
+00:03:40,710 --> 00:03:47,180
+also we have Nahr, still we have many other words
+
+39
+00:03:47,180 --> 00:03:50,860
+in Arabic that contain only two clusters. However,
+
+40
+00:03:51,360 --> 00:03:54,500
+English has seven clusters. Some other languages
+
+41
+00:03:54,500 --> 00:03:58,660
+have more clusters than English, like Baba. We
+
+42
+00:03:58,660 --> 00:04:04,040
+have sixteen clusters in Baba. Okay? So, you know,
+
+43
+00:04:05,340 --> 00:04:10,780
+this differs from one language to another. Our
+
+44
+00:04:10,780 --> 00:04:14,580
+focus will be on English and Arabic today. We are
+
+45
+00:04:14,580 --> 00:04:18,280
+going to touch the clusterization system or
+
+46
+00:04:18,280 --> 00:04:22,200
+consonant cluster and see how many clusters are
+
+47
+00:04:22,200 --> 00:04:25,220
+there in English, how many clusters are there in
+
+48
+00:04:25,220 --> 00:04:29,300
+Arabic, what are the areas of difficulties that
+
+49
+00:04:29,300 --> 00:04:33,040
+cause interlingual errors or interlingual errors.
+
+50
+00:04:33,500 --> 00:04:38,060
+Then we are going to shift to vowels. to see the
+
+51
+00:04:38,060 --> 00:04:42,660
+short vowels, the long vowels, the diphthongs, and
+
+52
+00:04:42,660 --> 00:04:45,260
+see also areas of difficulties in pronunciation,
+
+53
+00:04:46,300 --> 00:04:53,220
+and the causes of the two types of errors, the
+
+54
+00:04:53,220 --> 00:04:57,800
+interlingual and the intralingual. Okay? Let's
+
+55
+00:04:57,800 --> 00:04:58,040
+see.
+
+56
+00:05:11,070 --> 00:05:14,910
+For the clusters of English, I mentioned that we
+
+57
+00:05:14,910 --> 00:05:22,370
+have two clusters or more, either three or four,
+
+58
+00:05:22,450 --> 00:05:27,590
+up to seven. So look to the two clusters. We have
+
+59
+00:05:27,590 --> 00:05:33,630
+sphere, sleeve, cats, dogs. So you have two
+
+60
+00:05:33,630 --> 00:05:37,070
+clusters, meaning two consonants at the end of a
+
+61
+00:05:37,070 --> 00:05:42,330
+word, like dogs, cats, The beginning as sleep,
+
+62
+00:05:43,050 --> 00:05:48,030
+sphere. We have three consonants. This is street,
+
+63
+00:05:49,690 --> 00:05:59,450
+risk, blanched, fix, this. We have five clusters
+
+64
+00:05:59,450 --> 00:06:08,180
+as in mixed, mixed sweets. Two words. Six
+
+65
+00:06:08,180 --> 00:06:14,820
+consonants as first stream. Seven consonants as
+
+66
+00:06:14,820 --> 00:06:22,500
+term stranger or term strangers. Here we have the
+
+67
+00:06:22,500 --> 00:06:26,240
+mistake committed by the Arab students. This is by
+
+68
+00:06:26,240 --> 00:06:32,760
+inserting a vowel, fracturing the clusterization
+
+69
+00:06:32,760 --> 00:06:33,260
+system.
+
+70
+00:06:36,850 --> 00:06:41,650
+So instead of saying sphere, you may find your
+
+71
+00:06:41,650 --> 00:06:45,310
+students say a sphere. They add the Hamza, the
+
+72
+00:06:45,310 --> 00:06:47,550
+glottal sound, which is not found in English.
+
+73
+00:06:50,770 --> 00:06:54,870
+Instead of saying, for example, dogs, they
+
+74
+00:06:54,870 --> 00:06:57,910
+fracture the clusterization system by inserting a
+
+75
+00:06:57,910 --> 00:07:01,170
+vowel in between. This vowel is originally Arabic.
+
+76
+00:07:01,820 --> 00:07:04,940
+Either nominative, accusative, or genitive.
+
+77
+00:07:06,960 --> 00:07:09,480
+Transferred into English. So instead of saying,
+
+78
+00:07:09,540 --> 00:07:12,180
+for example, dogs, they say doggies.
+
+79
+00:07:15,180 --> 00:07:16,680
+Mixed, they say mixed.
+
+80
+00:07:19,920 --> 00:07:24,070
+Question, they say a question. And the Egyptians
+
+81
+00:07:24,070 --> 00:07:30,710
+say, question, street, they street. And we say,
+
+82
+00:07:30,970 --> 00:07:35,330
+street, or street. So they fracture the
+
+83
+00:07:35,330 --> 00:07:40,530
+clusterization system mainly because of the effect
+
+84
+00:07:40,530 --> 00:07:45,310
+of their mother tongue that is Arabic. You see
+
+85
+00:07:45,310 --> 00:07:53,640
+that? Okay. Now we have More details about
+
+86
+00:07:53,640 --> 00:08:02,360
+consonant clusters. Okay? We have the s sound
+
+87
+00:08:02,360 --> 00:08:13,560
+followed by either p, t, k, f, m, l, w, y, as in
+
+88
+00:08:13,560 --> 00:08:20,130
+spear, steam. So we have two clusters. Sky,
+
+89
+00:08:21,250 --> 00:08:32,230
+sphere, smile, sneer, slow, swear, and suit. Okay.
+
+90
+00:08:32,710 --> 00:08:40,010
+So we have also the P sound followed by Ra or Wa,
+
+91
+00:08:40,690 --> 00:08:50,550
+as in trim, twin, tune. Okay. We have the K sound
+
+92
+00:08:50,550 --> 00:08:57,730
+followed by L, R, W, Y as in clip, crime, queen,
+
+93
+00:08:59,270 --> 00:09:09,330
+queue. The P sound followed by L, R, or Y as in
+
+94
+00:09:09,330 --> 00:09:16,410
+flame, bright, beautiful. The D sound followed by
+
+95
+00:09:16,410 --> 00:09:24,440
+R,wa, ya, as in dry, dwell, duty. The g sound
+
+96
+00:09:24,440 --> 00:09:31,940
+followed by l, r, as in glare, gross. The f sound
+
+97
+00:09:31,940 --> 00:09:38,960
+followed by l, r, ya, as in flare, frame, few.
+
+98
+00:09:40,860 --> 00:09:47,490
+This voiceless sound is followed by r, wa,as in
+
+99
+00:09:47,490 --> 00:09:55,870
+three thwot, shh followed by r sound as in shrink.
+
+100
+00:09:57,170 --> 00:10:05,890
+Ya, m, n and ha followed by the ya sound as in
+
+101
+00:10:05,890 --> 00:10:13,710
+mute, muse, huge. So, These are two clusters
+
+102
+00:10:13,710 --> 00:10:18,530
+coming at the beginning of a word as you have
+
+103
+00:10:18,530 --> 00:10:24,550
+seen. We have three clusters, as in spray, spread,
+
+104
+00:10:25,110 --> 00:10:29,370
+spring. So you have your students say spring or
+
+105
+00:10:29,370 --> 00:10:36,190
+spring or spring. So this is Arabic, okay? Spray,
+
+106
+00:10:36,970 --> 00:10:43,310
+spread, spring. We have three clusters as appears
+
+107
+00:10:43,310 --> 00:10:51,870
+in struggle, straw, stress, strict. Again, three
+
+108
+00:10:51,870 --> 00:10:57,330
+clusters, scream, screen, scroll, script.
+
+109
+00:11:00,470 --> 00:11:04,670
+Also, we have three clusters in student, stupid.
+
+110
+00:11:06,250 --> 00:11:08,970
+Three clusters as in skew,
+
+111
+00:11:11,810 --> 00:11:19,030
+And splash, splendid, split, squad, square,
+
+112
+00:11:19,670 --> 00:11:21,530
+squash, squeezes.
+
+113
+00:11:26,730 --> 00:11:30,030
+We have two or more consonants at the end of a
+
+114
+00:11:30,030 --> 00:11:35,510
+word, not at the beginning. So we have sah, ts,
+
+115
+00:11:35,750 --> 00:11:42,710
+and z. At the end of the noun, as in fields, Box,
+
+116
+00:11:43,650 --> 00:11:49,950
+dogs, two clusters at the end of a word. We have
+
+117
+00:11:49,950 --> 00:11:55,950
+ts, z. At the end of verbs, not nouns, the third
+
+118
+00:11:55,950 --> 00:12:00,690
+person in present tense, as you know, eats, gives,
+
+119
+00:12:01,410 --> 00:12:09,940
+risks, yields. We also have the allophones. Ta and
+
+120
+00:12:09,940 --> 00:12:14,440
+Da, two consonants at the end of a verb, okay, in
+
+121
+00:12:14,440 --> 00:12:20,240
+the past, as in wished, raised, risked, plunged.
+
+122
+00:12:20,660 --> 00:12:23,760
+You'll find your students say wished, they
+
+123
+00:12:23,760 --> 00:12:28,720
+fracture the clusterization system. Raised, okay,
+
+124
+00:12:29,260 --> 00:12:33,900
+they pronounce these wrongly. The Fah at the end
+
+125
+00:12:33,900 --> 00:12:38,880
+of a noun and numbers as in width, strength,
+
+126
+00:12:39,680 --> 00:12:44,420
+seventh. Okay? So you have two clusters at the end
+
+127
+00:12:44,420 --> 00:12:48,780
+of a word. Okay? You have the Fah followed by
+
+128
+00:12:48,780 --> 00:12:53,800
+plural nouns as numerals as in breadth, seventh,
+
+129
+00:12:54,460 --> 00:12:59,060
+eighth, et cetera. So we have clusterization
+
+130
+00:12:59,060 --> 00:13:01,540
+system at the end of words. We have three
+
+131
+00:13:01,540 --> 00:13:08,090
+clusters. Long skirt. Long skirt. You find your
+
+132
+00:13:08,090 --> 00:13:11,990
+students say long skirt, okay, which is completely
+
+133
+00:13:11,990 --> 00:13:12,870
+wrong.
+
+134
+00:13:21,510 --> 00:13:27,230
+Now, if you look to this, chart, you find the
+
+135
+00:13:27,230 --> 00:13:31,050
+clusterization system in English and Arabic.
+
+136
+00:13:32,010 --> 00:13:35,950
+English accepts two clusters, the beginning of a
+
+137
+00:13:35,950 --> 00:13:41,130
+word, the middle part of a word, the final part.
+
+138
+00:13:41,710 --> 00:13:46,090
+Also, we have three clusters, the middle, media in
+
+139
+00:13:46,090 --> 00:13:51,650
+the initial part, medial part, final part. We have
+
+140
+00:13:51,650 --> 00:13:56,590
+four clusters at the middle and also at the end of
+
+141
+00:13:56,590 --> 00:14:00,390
+a word. Arabic accepts only two clusters at the
+
+142
+00:14:00,390 --> 00:14:06,330
+end of a word as in nahr, nahr, bent, etc. Okay?
+
+143
+00:14:06,610 --> 00:14:10,810
+Also in the middle of the word. You have this
+
+144
+00:14:10,810 --> 00:14:12,930
+cluster appears in Arabic.
+
+145
+00:14:20,190 --> 00:14:20,730
+Yes.
+
+146
+00:14:24,210 --> 00:14:29,650
+In connected speech, we have sequence of clusters
+
+147
+00:14:29,650 --> 00:14:34,370
+that may reach seven clusters.
+
+148
+00:14:36,150 --> 00:14:41,370
+So we have banks closed.
+
+149
+00:14:44,330 --> 00:14:49,550
+We have a number of clusters in these two words.
+
+150
+00:14:50,420 --> 00:14:55,180
+Okay? Now, due to having every single consonant
+
+151
+00:14:55,180 --> 00:15:00,140
+followed by a vowel in Arabic, this causes Arab
+
+152
+00:15:00,140 --> 00:15:06,020
+learners, even in advanced stages, to pronounce
+
+153
+00:15:06,020 --> 00:15:10,680
+English words or English sentences wrongly. This
+
+154
+00:15:10,680 --> 00:15:14,000
+is by fracturing the clusterization system of
+
+155
+00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:20,300
+English and inserting vowels of Arabic. Okay? So
+
+156
+00:15:20,300 --> 00:15:26,760
+you, as future teachers or translators or users of
+
+157
+00:15:26,760 --> 00:15:30,200
+English, you have to be very aware of the
+
+158
+00:15:30,200 --> 00:15:32,840
+clusterization system in order to pronounce
+
+159
+00:15:32,840 --> 00:15:35,820
+English very, very clearly and fluently.
+
+160
+00:15:41,000 --> 00:15:47,300
+You see? If you look to, for example, grandfather.
+
+161
+00:15:47,660 --> 00:15:51,470
+Grandfather. You find your students say,
+
+162
+00:15:51,610 --> 00:15:58,190
+grandfather or a grandfather. Okay. So this is due
+
+163
+00:15:58,190 --> 00:16:02,050
+to the interference, the negative interference of
+
+164
+00:16:02,050 --> 00:16:02,850
+their mother tongue.
+
+165
+00:16:07,190 --> 00:16:07,870
+Okay.
+
+166
+00:16:12,170 --> 00:16:17,690
+The simple past tense is also problematic, mainly
+
+167
+00:16:17,690 --> 00:16:23,150
+once the verb ends in voiceless sound, wished,
+
+168
+00:16:26,410 --> 00:16:32,550
+dropped, passed. So you have your student say
+
+169
+00:16:32,550 --> 00:16:38,190
+wished, dropped, passed, which is completely
+
+170
+00:16:38,190 --> 00:16:42,690
+wrong. So you have to be aware of that. Another
+
+171
+00:16:42,690 --> 00:16:48,190
+serious problem is related to doubling, or what is
+
+172
+00:16:48,190 --> 00:16:51,530
+called gemination of Arabic. We don't have sheddah
+
+173
+00:16:51,530 --> 00:16:54,830
+in English. So why do you transfer the gemination
+
+174
+00:16:54,830 --> 00:16:58,270
+system of Arabic into English? Now if we need to
+
+175
+00:16:58,270 --> 00:17:01,370
+pronounce these words, who could just pronounce
+
+176
+00:17:01,370 --> 00:17:04,570
+them for me? Yes.
+
+177
+00:17:09,500 --> 00:17:18,540
+attack, posing, posing. Yes, continue. Command,
+
+178
+00:17:18,880 --> 00:17:22,820
+command, illegal, command. So now you insert the
+
+179
+00:17:22,820 --> 00:17:25,940
+gemination system. You are the best example of
+
+180
+00:17:25,940 --> 00:17:29,540
+just committing mistakes here. Another one.
+
+181
+00:17:32,300 --> 00:17:38,420
+Love, time, love, time, friend.
+
+182
+00:17:41,280 --> 00:17:46,140
+You use contraction. You omitted some vowels, some
+
+183
+00:17:46,140 --> 00:17:51,140
+parts of the words. Okay.
+
+184
+00:17:58,380 --> 00:18:03,500
+We don't have the Hamza in English, the glottal
+
+185
+00:18:03,500 --> 00:18:07,720
+sound. The only glottal sound in English is the H
+
+186
+00:18:07,720 --> 00:18:11,620
+sound. So we don't have the H sound which is only
+
+187
+00:18:11,620 --> 00:18:16,340
+available in Arabic. So it is allow, attack,
+
+188
+00:18:17,040 --> 00:18:22,400
+collapse, command, comment, illegal, connect.
+
+189
+00:18:25,600 --> 00:18:32,060
+You see? So this is a rich area of interlingual
+
+190
+00:18:32,060 --> 00:18:32,300
+errors.
+
+191
+00:18:38,870 --> 00:18:43,010
+So, you have to be careful just in consonant
+
+192
+00:18:43,010 --> 00:18:45,990
+doubling. You have to be careful in the
+
+193
+00:18:45,990 --> 00:18:49,790
+clusterization system. You have to be careful in
+
+194
+00:18:49,790 --> 00:18:56,510
+teaching the alveolar sounds, the dental sounds,
+
+195
+00:18:58,210 --> 00:19:01,410
+and other consonants which are not available in
+
+196
+00:19:01,410 --> 00:19:05,730
+Arabic. Arabic, as I mentioned last time, is a
+
+197
+00:19:05,730 --> 00:19:08,790
+semantic language, while English is an Indo
+
+198
+00:19:08,790 --> 00:19:13,430
+-European language. There is no similarity, there
+
+199
+00:19:13,430 --> 00:19:18,450
+is no symmetry between the two languages. We
+
+200
+00:19:18,450 --> 00:19:23,070
+assume that they are different in all aspects of
+
+201
+00:19:23,070 --> 00:19:26,370
+linguistics, either grammar, syntax,
+
+202
+00:19:28,430 --> 00:19:33,570
+sociolinguistics, pronunciation, etc. There is no
+
+203
+00:19:33,570 --> 00:19:37,470
+relevance between Arabic and English in any point
+
+204
+00:19:37,470 --> 00:19:38,750
+of these.
+
+205
+00:19:41,530 --> 00:19:44,810
+You have to take care to understand your English
+
+206
+00:19:44,810 --> 00:19:48,410
+very well and not to compare it with your Arabic
+
+207
+00:19:48,410 --> 00:19:53,470
+except only for the sake of comparison or
+
+208
+00:19:53,470 --> 00:19:57,950
+contrastive linguistics or etc. Now we shift to
+
+209
+00:19:57,950 --> 00:20:01,750
+what is called vowels of English. You know, we
+
+210
+00:20:01,750 --> 00:20:06,430
+have short vowels, long vowels, diphthongs, and
+
+211
+00:20:06,430 --> 00:20:10,590
+triphthongs. How many short vowels do we have in
+
+212
+00:20:10,590 --> 00:20:16,510
+Arabic? Three short vowels. Nominative,
+
+213
+00:20:16,730 --> 00:20:21,530
+accusative, genitive. However, in English, how
+
+214
+00:20:21,530 --> 00:20:26,430
+many? We have seven short vowels. So this means
+
+215
+00:20:26,430 --> 00:20:32,640
+that We are in front of a big dilemma. This is
+
+216
+00:20:32,640 --> 00:20:36,680
+represented in pronouncing these short vowels. Our
+
+217
+00:20:36,680 --> 00:20:41,740
+students mix between them and produce intralingual
+
+218
+00:20:41,740 --> 00:20:46,440
+errors resulting from the difficulty of English.
+
+219
+00:20:47,120 --> 00:20:52,820
+So we have the first short vowel that
+
+220
+00:20:52,820 --> 00:21:04,890
+is As available in hit, set, sex. These words
+
+221
+00:21:04,890 --> 00:21:15,090
+contain the short vowel, as in hit,
+
+222
+00:21:17,090 --> 00:21:17,610
+lip,
+
+223
+00:21:21,670 --> 00:21:31,560
+sex, set. Okay. Now this vowel is problematic
+
+224
+00:21:31,560 --> 00:21:35,740
+because our students commit or confuse in
+
+225
+00:21:35,740 --> 00:21:40,440
+pronouncing it with the eh sound. Eh sound as in
+
+226
+00:21:40,440 --> 00:21:48,020
+set, sex, pen. There's a big difference in
+
+227
+00:21:48,020 --> 00:21:54,620
+pronunciation between pen and pen. Sex and sex.
+
+228
+00:21:55,240 --> 00:22:03,030
+Okay. So any mistake in this field results from
+
+229
+00:22:03,030 --> 00:22:06,210
+the difficulty of the pronunciation system of
+
+230
+00:22:06,210 --> 00:22:12,710
+English. So it is called intralingual error. We
+
+231
+00:22:12,710 --> 00:22:17,570
+have this sound available in Arabic represented in
+
+232
+00:22:17,570 --> 00:22:25,870
+the kasra, the genitive case, okay? الولد ذهب إلى
+
+233
+00:22:25,870 --> 00:22:26,410
+السوق
+
+234
+00:22:30,410 --> 00:22:34,590
+It appears in what is called constructed states.
+
+235
+00:22:36,890 --> 00:22:45,250
+So the
+
+236
+00:22:45,250 --> 00:22:48,130
+constructed state is always assigned genitive case
+
+237
+00:22:48,130 --> 00:22:52,250
+in English, completely like Arabic.
+
+238
+00:22:57,250 --> 00:23:02,930
+I say, for example, John's book. But the mechanism
+
+239
+00:23:02,930 --> 00:23:07,650
+of assigning case or assigning genitive case to
+
+240
+00:23:07,650 --> 00:23:13,690
+English possessive noun is different from Arabic.
+
+241
+00:23:14,750 --> 00:23:17,690
+The genitive case is assigned by the apostrophe S.
+
+242
+00:23:18,770 --> 00:23:24,090
+John's book. John is the possessor here. However,
+
+243
+00:23:24,110 --> 00:23:25,950
+in Arabic, I say, Kitab-u Ahmed.
+
+244
+00:23:29,190 --> 00:23:32,790
+The genitive case is assigned by what is called
+
+245
+00:23:32,790 --> 00:23:39,730
+determiner and inflection or agreement. This has
+
+246
+00:23:39,730 --> 00:23:44,570
+been seen in syntax last semester for those who
+
+247
+00:23:44,570 --> 00:23:47,230
+have taken this course. I don't know whether you
+
+248
+00:23:47,230 --> 00:23:56,270
+are familiar with that or not. Anyway, we
+
+249
+00:23:56,270 --> 00:24:02,790
+have The English, uh, as in book, book.
+
+250
+00:24:05,910 --> 00:24:11,030
+It is central back of the tongue, pronounced where
+
+251
+00:24:11,030 --> 00:24:14,290
+the central back of the tongue is in half closed
+
+252
+00:24:14,290 --> 00:24:18,470
+position and the lips are slightly rounded. Okay.
+
+253
+00:24:19,150 --> 00:24:25,170
+Now we have the Arabic dhamma, uh. Okay. which is
+
+254
+00:24:25,170 --> 00:24:28,470
+produced by the tongue in the half-closed position
+
+255
+00:24:28,470 --> 00:24:33,750
+with the round lips Dhamma means nominative case
+
+256
+00:24:33,750 --> 00:24:37,830
+So
+
+257
+00:24:37,830 --> 00:24:44,010
+we
+
+258
+00:24:44,010 --> 00:24:50,090
+have the O sound available in both English and
+
+259
+00:24:50,090 --> 00:24:54,790
+Arabic here But its position is different. Now it
+
+260
+00:24:54,790 --> 00:24:58,830
+is available as case assignment in Arabic.
+
+261
+00:25:01,190 --> 00:25:04,930
+However, in English, it is part of pronunciation.
+
+262
+00:25:06,730 --> 00:25:10,890
+So this is an area of difficulty as well. We have
+
+263
+00:25:10,890 --> 00:25:15,270
+the Arabic accusative case, Fatha,
+
+264
+00:25:18,010 --> 00:25:21,190
+which is represented as short vowel.
+
+265
+00:25:24,270 --> 00:25:27,710
+The tongue here is half open position and neutral
+
+266
+00:25:27,710 --> 00:25:37,530
+lips. Okay. So I say الولدة الكتابة.
+
+267
+00:25:38,350 --> 00:25:39,170
+Okay.
+
+268
+00:25:45,790 --> 00:25:47,010
+We have
+
+269
+00:25:49,920 --> 00:25:57,460
+The Ih sound, Ih, Ih sound as in set, pan,
+
+270
+00:26:00,020 --> 00:26:08,660
+sex, egg, left. This is similar to the first sound
+
+271
+00:26:08,660 --> 00:26:13,760
+Ih as in set. So your students confuse between
+
+272
+00:26:13,760 --> 00:26:17,600
+these two short vowels. And the most problematic
+
+273
+00:26:17,600 --> 00:26:22,220
+sound is the schwa because this represents the
+
+274
+00:26:22,220 --> 00:26:27,820
+weak forms of English. We have weak forms in
+
+275
+00:26:27,820 --> 00:26:34,320
+English that differ or that are not available in
+
+276
+00:26:34,320 --> 00:26:42,700
+Arabic. So in Arabic we have strong
+
+277
+00:26:44,090 --> 00:26:48,350
+pronunciation or strong pitch that is available in
+
+278
+00:26:48,350 --> 00:26:53,370
+nearly every single word of Arabic. However, in
+
+279
+00:26:53,370 --> 00:26:58,590
+English, we have weak forms and strong forms. I
+
+280
+00:26:58,590 --> 00:27:03,350
+mean, high pitch and low pitch. So, you have some
+
+281
+00:27:03,350 --> 00:27:07,790
+words are pronounced with weak forms with what is
+
+282
+00:27:07,790 --> 00:27:12,990
+called chwa. Okay? These are the pronouns of
+
+283
+00:27:12,990 --> 00:27:18,130
+English. The prepositions of English. The
+
+284
+00:27:18,130 --> 00:27:23,070
+determination system of English. Articles, a, n,
+
+285
+00:27:23,450 --> 00:27:32,070
+the. We have the one word syllable in connected
+
+286
+00:27:32,070 --> 00:27:38,690
+speech. We have the conjunctions as well. These
+
+287
+00:27:38,690 --> 00:27:43,940
+are weak forms. The suffixation at the end of a
+
+288
+00:27:43,940 --> 00:27:48,760
+word is weak form. I say, for example, father,
+
+289
+00:27:49,960 --> 00:27:57,800
+mother, farmer. The final part is always weak. The
+
+290
+00:27:57,800 --> 00:28:01,020
+final part of a word is always weak. This is in
+
+291
+00:28:01,020 --> 00:28:03,820
+isolation. But the situation differs if these
+
+292
+00:28:03,820 --> 00:28:09,190
+words are pronounced in connected utterance.due to
+
+293
+00:28:09,190 --> 00:28:12,570
+having the different subra segmental phonemes of
+
+294
+00:28:12,570 --> 00:28:19,430
+English. But still, the schwach system marks the
+
+295
+00:28:19,430 --> 00:28:24,970
+English language pronunciation. Okay? So it is not
+
+296
+00:28:24,970 --> 00:28:28,850
+found in Arabic and accordingly it's highly
+
+297
+00:28:28,850 --> 00:28:30,990
+problematic. Let's see.
+
+298
+00:28:41,370 --> 00:28:44,530
+We see, for example, banana.
+
+299
+00:28:46,790 --> 00:28:53,470
+The final part of a word is schwa. You find the
+
+300
+00:28:53,470 --> 00:28:59,270
+schwa in almost all words of English in isolation,
+
+301
+00:28:59,930 --> 00:29:05,670
+which are suffixed by any suffix. However, you
+
+302
+00:29:05,670 --> 00:29:10,520
+find the schwa in the sentence, on sentences of
+
+303
+00:29:10,520 --> 00:29:14,720
+English which contain the weak forms which I
+
+304
+00:29:14,720 --> 00:29:20,720
+mentioned. Today, I don't say, today, this is in
+
+305
+00:29:20,720 --> 00:29:24,040
+isolation. It's not choix. But in connected
+
+306
+00:29:24,040 --> 00:29:26,540
+speech, I say, for example, today I want to show
+
+307
+00:29:26,540 --> 00:29:29,840
+you the anatomy of a horse. Today I want to show
+
+308
+00:29:29,840 --> 00:29:34,590
+you the anatomy of a horse. Of a horse. You'll
+
+309
+00:29:34,590 --> 00:29:40,230
+find your students say, today, I want to show you
+
+310
+00:29:40,230 --> 00:29:45,350
+the anatomy of a horse, which is completely not
+
+311
+00:29:45,350 --> 00:29:50,270
+English. Okay? This is not English. And I'm sure
+
+312
+00:29:50,270 --> 00:29:52,210
+that the native speakers of English will never
+
+313
+00:29:52,210 --> 00:29:55,170
+understand you if you say this, because you borrow
+
+314
+00:29:55,170 --> 00:29:59,130
+the Arabic system into English. You have to say,
+
+315
+00:29:59,590 --> 00:30:01,710
+today, I want to show you the anatomy of a horse.
+
+316
+00:30:03,540 --> 00:30:07,840
+So, instead of saying today, I say today. It is
+
+317
+00:30:07,840 --> 00:30:14,080
+schwa. I want to show you. We don't have I in
+
+318
+00:30:14,080 --> 00:30:18,860
+English except being stressed. Otherwise, we
+
+319
+00:30:18,860 --> 00:30:21,460
+pronounce it ah. Today, I want to show you the
+
+320
+00:30:21,460 --> 00:30:25,880
+anatomy of a horse. I can say to you, today, I
+
+321
+00:30:25,880 --> 00:30:29,300
+want to show you the anatomy of a horse. What's
+
+322
+00:30:29,300 --> 00:30:32,580
+the difference? There's a big difference here in
+
+323
+00:30:32,580 --> 00:30:34,900
+interpretation or translation between the two
+
+324
+00:30:34,900 --> 00:30:40,580
+sentences. The stress is meaningful. The first
+
+325
+00:30:40,580 --> 00:30:45,980
+sentence does not contain stress on the pronoun I.
+
+326
+00:30:46,660 --> 00:30:49,740
+However, the second sentence has this stress
+
+327
+00:30:49,740 --> 00:30:54,380
+marking the pronoun I. So this makes difference in
+
+328
+00:30:54,380 --> 00:30:58,560
+meaning. Could you translate? Today I want to show
+
+329
+00:30:58,560 --> 00:31:01,700
+you the anatomy of a horse. Today I want to show
+
+330
+00:31:01,700 --> 00:31:04,040
+you the anatomy of a horse. So what's the
+
+331
+00:31:04,040 --> 00:31:04,400
+difference?
+
+332
+00:31:09,660 --> 00:31:17,580
+The first one. اليوم سأوريكم تشريح الحصار. I am
+
+333
+00:31:17,580 --> 00:31:21,400
+your teacher. You are familiar with me. I come
+
+334
+00:31:21,400 --> 00:31:26,520
+every class. I teach you anatomy. And today it is
+
+335
+00:31:26,520 --> 00:31:33,600
+time to teach you the anatomy of the horse. But I
+
+336
+00:31:33,600 --> 00:31:37,920
+came for the first time, I say to you, I, not
+
+337
+00:31:37,920 --> 00:31:41,500
+anyone else, is going to teach you the anatomy of
+
+338
+00:31:41,500 --> 00:31:44,460
+a horse. So today I want to show you the anatomy
+
+339
+00:31:44,460 --> 00:31:48,600
+of a horse. The anatomy of a horse. Not anyone
+
+340
+00:31:48,600 --> 00:31:55,360
+else. Not any other professors. I myself am going
+
+341
+00:31:55,360 --> 00:31:59,500
+to teach you such and such. Okay? So there is a
+
+342
+00:31:59,500 --> 00:32:02,460
+big difference here. If you master the stressed
+
+343
+00:32:02,460 --> 00:32:05,720
+system and the schwach system or the weak form,
+
+344
+00:32:06,180 --> 00:32:09,440
+you can easily understand the native speakers of
+
+345
+00:32:09,440 --> 00:32:14,170
+English. Otherwise, you misunderstand them and
+
+346
+00:32:14,170 --> 00:32:18,950
+accordingly produce wrong and very distant
+
+347
+00:32:18,950 --> 00:32:25,990
+translation or interpretation. Is it clear? Okay.
+
+348
+00:32:27,370 --> 00:32:37,530
+We have the A sound as in attack. Attack. Banana.
+
+349
+00:32:38,510 --> 00:32:38,750
+Bad.
+
+350
+00:32:43,020 --> 00:32:49,100
+So you have quite long, short vowel. We have the
+
+351
+00:32:49,100 --> 00:32:54,760
+uh sound, as in run, uncle,
+
+352
+00:32:57,560 --> 00:33:06,160
+cut, hut, above. You find these or this sound
+
+353
+00:33:06,160 --> 00:33:07,640
+available in these words.
+
+354
+00:33:13,780 --> 00:33:18,820
+So you find these sounds, I mean this sound,
+
+355
+00:33:19,200 --> 00:33:30,520
+available in run, uncle, above, cut, hut, is not
+
+356
+00:33:30,520 --> 00:33:34,800
+available in Arabic. So it is problematic. It is
+
+357
+00:33:34,800 --> 00:33:38,020
+replaced by the Hamza in Arabic. So you have your
+
+358
+00:33:38,020 --> 00:33:42,920
+students or you yourselves pronounce it as above,
+
+359
+00:33:43,770 --> 00:33:49,570
+You can put your fingers on your necks and try to
+
+360
+00:33:49,570 --> 00:33:55,570
+pronounce it above. If there be movement here,
+
+361
+00:33:56,030 --> 00:33:59,950
+this means that you pronounce the Arabic Hamza.
+
+362
+00:34:01,090 --> 00:34:06,470
+So, it is pronounced from your mouth. Okay? It is
+
+363
+00:34:06,470 --> 00:34:12,330
+not from the glottis. So, we say above. Above.
+
+364
+00:34:13,180 --> 00:34:13,820
+About.
+
+365
+00:34:18,000 --> 00:34:24,440
+Yes, we say uncle, uncle, not uncle. So this is
+
+366
+00:34:24,440 --> 00:34:30,200
+Arabic. Okay. We have the oh sound. Oh is not
+
+367
+00:34:30,200 --> 00:34:34,980
+found in Arabic as well as available in cough. Dog
+
+368
+00:34:34,980 --> 00:34:39,900
+knowledge. Okay? It's charged vowel. So you have
+
+369
+00:34:39,900 --> 00:34:43,200
+your students find difficulty in pronouncing these
+
+370
+00:34:43,200 --> 00:34:46,300
+words. So they come out with interlingual errors,
+
+371
+00:34:46,800 --> 00:34:49,840
+interlingual mistakes, or intralingual mistakes.
+
+372
+00:34:50,900 --> 00:34:55,000
+Inter or intra? Intralingual, because this results
+
+373
+00:34:55,000 --> 00:35:00,660
+from the difficulty of English unless they insert
+
+374
+00:35:00,660 --> 00:35:04,740
+the Hamza. This comes out with interlingual error
+
+375
+00:35:04,740 --> 00:35:09,140
+or interlingual mistake. We also have the long
+
+376
+00:35:09,140 --> 00:35:15,040
+vowels. Okay. They are longer than the short
+
+377
+00:35:15,040 --> 00:35:24,840
+vowels. Okay. Yes. So these long vowels are nearly
+
+378
+00:35:24,840 --> 00:35:29,610
+five in English. Okay. We have long vowels in
+
+379
+00:35:29,610 --> 00:35:35,390
+Arabic as well, but they are less than English. So
+
+380
+00:35:35,390 --> 00:35:39,330
+let's see this. The first long vowel, the first
+
+381
+00:35:39,330 --> 00:35:47,110
+English long vowel, E, as in key, cheese, police,
+
+382
+00:35:47,850 --> 00:35:50,270
+police. So you have your students say, for
+
+383
+00:35:50,270 --> 00:35:59,080
+example, police. This is interlingual error. I
+
+384
+00:35:59,080 --> 00:36:01,860
+say, for example, they mix between this sound,
+
+385
+00:36:01,960 --> 00:36:05,560
+this long vowel and the short vowel. So if I ask
+
+386
+00:36:05,560 --> 00:36:09,300
+you about your nationality, what do you say? You
+
+387
+00:36:09,300 --> 00:36:13,280
+are Palestinians. Some of you say, I am
+
+388
+00:36:13,280 --> 00:36:17,480
+Palestinian, which is wrong. Palestinians,
+
+389
+00:36:18,100 --> 00:36:27,820
+Palestinian. It is short vowel as in set, six, not
+
+390
+00:36:27,820 --> 00:36:33,740
+seat, meet. So don't say Palestinians. It is
+
+391
+00:36:33,740 --> 00:36:39,880
+Palestinians. Otherwise, you commit interlingual
+
+392
+00:36:39,880 --> 00:36:41,500
+or interlingual mistake?
+
+393
+00:36:44,760 --> 00:36:47,960
+Interlingual. You mix between the sounds of
+
+394
+00:36:47,960 --> 00:36:52,260
+English. Okay? Arabic does not interfere. So we
+
+395
+00:36:52,260 --> 00:36:56,820
+have the long vowel, the Arabic long vowel E as in
+
+396
+00:36:56,820 --> 00:37:02,520
+feel elephant. This is called also kasra in Arabic
+
+397
+00:37:02,520 --> 00:37:08,200
+plus
+
+398
+00:37:08,200 --> 00:37:19,200
+the sound E. We have OO sound. The OO sound. This
+
+399
+00:37:19,200 --> 00:37:23,780
+is English long vowel as in food, rude, soup.
+
+400
+00:37:24,520 --> 00:37:32,240
+Okay. We have the Arabic OO long vowel as in tool.
+
+401
+00:37:33,360 --> 00:37:34,280
+Okay.
+
+402
+00:37:36,720 --> 00:37:37,640
+So
+
+403
+00:37:42,350 --> 00:37:46,710
+It is longer than the nominative case or the damma
+
+404
+00:37:46,710 --> 00:37:52,370
+in Arabic. We have also the Arabic long vowel as
+
+405
+00:37:52,370 --> 00:38:02,010
+in قابلة قابلة Okay, you have long vowel. Okay, it
+
+406
+00:38:02,010 --> 00:38:05,630
+differs from what is longer than the accusative
+
+407
+00:38:05,630 --> 00:38:09,490
+case fatha in Arabic. Still, we have in English
+
+408
+00:38:09,490 --> 00:38:18,410
+the The A, sorry, the A sound which is long as in
+
+409
+00:38:18,410 --> 00:38:30,110
+word, shirt, serve. Okay. We have also the O sound
+
+410
+00:38:30,110 --> 00:38:38,070
+as in boat, law, all. So we don't say all. If you
+
+411
+00:38:38,070 --> 00:38:40,330
+say all, this means that you insert the Arabic
+
+412
+00:38:40,330 --> 00:38:45,260
+Hamza. It is all, okay? So this is, or these are
+
+413
+00:38:45,260 --> 00:38:49,220
+areas of difficulties, as you see, resulting from
+
+414
+00:38:49,220 --> 00:38:53,700
+the difference between the sound system of English
+
+415
+00:38:53,700 --> 00:38:58,600
+and the sound system of Arabic, okay? We have a as
+
+416
+00:38:58,600 --> 00:39:04,720
+in, sorry. We have a, a as in Clark, fa, pat.
+
+417
+00:39:06,180 --> 00:39:10,580
+Okay? Another long vowel of English, which is not
+
+418
+00:39:10,580 --> 00:39:11,800
+found in Arabic as well.
+
+419
+00:39:16,220 --> 00:39:16,900
+Fine.
+
+420
+00:39:22,980 --> 00:39:27,160
+Now, we finish the sound system or mean the
+
+421
+00:39:27,160 --> 00:39:27,940
+consonants.
+
+422
+00:39:31,270 --> 00:39:35,750
+and the vowels of English, but still we have the
+
+423
+00:39:35,750 --> 00:39:43,350
+diphthongs, which are also problematic. So, let's
+
+424
+00:39:43,350 --> 00:39:48,590
+see a summary of what we have said. We've seen
+
+425
+00:39:48,590 --> 00:39:53,970
+that English has nearly seven short vowels, five
+
+426
+00:39:53,970 --> 00:39:58,390
+long vowels, and still we have diphthongs nearly
+
+427
+00:39:58,390 --> 00:40:05,480
+13, And diphthongs as well. In Arabic, we have
+
+428
+00:40:05,480 --> 00:40:07,220
+only two diphthongs.
+
+429
+00:40:10,180 --> 00:40:15,520
+However, in English, we have a number of
+
+430
+00:40:15,520 --> 00:40:20,620
+diphthongs. This means that they all are very,
+
+431
+00:40:20,680 --> 00:40:24,820
+very peculiar to Arab native speakers of English.
+
+432
+00:40:26,510 --> 00:40:30,090
+This means that we expect them to commit serious
+
+433
+00:40:30,090 --> 00:40:35,690
+mistakes in pronouncing these diphthongs as they
+
+434
+00:40:35,690 --> 00:40:39,570
+normally do with the long vowels and the short
+
+435
+00:40:39,570 --> 00:40:43,850
+vowels. Because you know the system here is
+
+436
+00:40:43,850 --> 00:40:46,630
+different from Arabic. Mainly because the two
+
+437
+00:40:46,630 --> 00:40:50,190
+languages, as mentioned, are derived from
+
+438
+00:40:50,190 --> 00:40:54,850
+different roots. English is Indo-European, Arabic
+
+439
+00:40:54,850 --> 00:40:58,750
+is Semitic, so we cannot, I mean, if you see this,
+
+440
+00:40:59,110 --> 00:41:03,210
+you can find the difficulty just in the number of
+
+441
+00:41:03,210 --> 00:41:07,090
+mistakes committed by your students and maybe by
+
+442
+00:41:07,090 --> 00:41:13,340
+yourselves. Okay? Once reading, once speaking, et
+
+443
+00:41:13,340 --> 00:41:17,260
+cetera, you find this difficulty and you lots of
+
+444
+00:41:17,260 --> 00:41:21,580
+times meet with Arabic pronunciation or Arabic
+
+445
+00:41:21,580 --> 00:41:26,940
+features inserted in English. Okay? The schwach
+
+446
+00:41:26,940 --> 00:41:29,380
+system is very difficult. You have to be familiar
+
+447
+00:41:29,380 --> 00:41:35,660
+with the weak forms. are available in English, but
+
+448
+00:41:35,660 --> 00:41:38,420
+not in Arabic. So this is another area of
+
+449
+00:41:38,420 --> 00:41:41,140
+difficulty. You have to be aware of that in order
+
+450
+00:41:41,140 --> 00:41:45,640
+to pronounce English correctly. The doubling, or
+
+451
+00:41:45,640 --> 00:41:47,820
+what is called the gemination system. The
+
+452
+00:41:47,820 --> 00:41:49,940
+gemination system is available in Arabic, not
+
+453
+00:41:49,940 --> 00:41:55,500
+English. So whenever you see two, I mean, double
+
+454
+00:41:55,500 --> 00:42:00,980
+letters, In English, you try to gymnate them, and
+
+455
+00:42:00,980 --> 00:42:04,020
+this comes out with mistakes. So, we don't say,
+
+456
+00:42:04,060 --> 00:42:09,860
+for example, collapse. We say collapse. Comment,
+
+457
+00:42:10,860 --> 00:42:18,720
+command, etc. Okay? The Hamza of Arabic sometimes
+
+458
+00:42:18,720 --> 00:42:22,740
+is found in English wrongly by your students. It
+
+459
+00:42:22,740 --> 00:42:27,460
+is Not available in Arabic, not available in
+
+460
+00:42:27,460 --> 00:42:30,920
+English, because the only glottal sound in English
+
+461
+00:42:30,920 --> 00:42:35,120
+is the H sound. So you have to be familiar with
+
+462
+00:42:35,120 --> 00:42:38,120
+that and take care. And next time, inshallah, we
+
+463
+00:42:38,120 --> 00:42:40,960
+are going to explain the difference and the rest
+
+464
+00:42:40,960 --> 00:42:44,360
+of the sound in isolation. See you next time.
+
+465
+00:42:44,500 --> 00:42:45,040
+Thank you now.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/erNGGnXXyiI_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1860 @@
+1
+00:00:15,900 --> 00:00:16,580
+Bismillahirrahmanirrahim.
+
+2
+00:00:19,000 --> 00:00:22,980
+Just last time, we spoke about consonance.
+
+3
+00:00:28,110 --> 00:00:32,630
+And we've seen that there is a remarkable
+
+4
+00:00:32,630 --> 00:00:36,950
+difference between English and Arabic that causes
+
+5
+00:00:36,950 --> 00:00:42,610
+negative interference, which results into
+
+6
+00:00:42,610 --> 00:00:49,210
+interlingual errors. We've seen this in different
+
+7
+00:00:49,210 --> 00:00:56,930
+sounds of English, like the bilabial sounds, p and
+
+8
+00:00:56,930 --> 00:01:02,700
+b. Okay, like the V sound which was which is not
+
+9
+00:01:02,700 --> 00:01:08,700
+found in Arabic We've seen the alveolar sounds of
+
+10
+00:01:08,700 --> 00:01:22,360
+English Which are dental in Arabic so in These
+
+11
+00:01:22,360 --> 00:01:25,920
+sounds
+
+12
+00:01:25,920 --> 00:01:30,430
+are altogether alveolar in English while they are
+
+13
+00:01:30,430 --> 00:01:35,850
+dental in Arabic. So this causes our students to
+
+14
+00:01:35,850 --> 00:01:43,010
+pronounce such sounds into dental in English and
+
+15
+00:01:43,010 --> 00:01:45,430
+come out with a heavy accent that cannot be
+
+16
+00:01:45,430 --> 00:01:50,030
+understood by English native speakers. We still
+
+17
+00:01:50,030 --> 00:01:54,710
+have problematic difficulty which is represented
+
+18
+00:01:54,710 --> 00:01:58,670
+in other consonants and vowels.
+
+19
+00:02:02,020 --> 00:02:06,740
+We've seen the consonant doubling. There's no
+
+20
+00:02:06,740 --> 00:02:10,040
+consonant doubling in English. The gemination is
+
+21
+00:02:10,040 --> 00:02:15,480
+available in Arabic. Okay? So, we are going to see
+
+22
+00:02:15,480 --> 00:02:19,820
+this today and see also the clusterization system.
+
+23
+00:02:21,260 --> 00:02:27,220
+English has a number of clusters, while Arabic has
+
+24
+00:02:27,220 --> 00:02:31,140
+only two clusters, either in the middle of a word
+
+25
+00:02:31,760 --> 00:02:36,700
+or at the end of a word. Okay? So, but English has
+
+26
+00:02:36,700 --> 00:02:43,480
+two clusters, three clusters, four clusters, up to
+
+27
+00:02:43,480 --> 00:02:50,300
+seven clusters. This means the consequence of more
+
+28
+00:02:50,300 --> 00:02:56,480
+than seven clusters within one word or two words
+
+29
+00:02:56,480 --> 00:03:02,150
+in connected utterance. This causes our students
+
+30
+00:03:02,150 --> 00:03:06,090
+to commit also mistakes in pronunciation because
+
+31
+00:03:06,090 --> 00:03:10,630
+every single sound of Arabic is followed, every
+
+32
+00:03:10,630 --> 00:03:14,790
+single consonant of Arabic is followed by a vowel.
+
+33
+00:03:15,830 --> 00:03:19,330
+And the short vowels of Arabic are the three short
+
+34
+00:03:19,330 --> 00:03:23,610
+vowels, nominative, accusative, and genitive.
+
+35
+00:03:26,230 --> 00:03:30,490
+So every single sound, every single consonant is
+
+36
+00:03:30,490 --> 00:03:34,670
+followed by a vowel except only two consonants
+
+37
+00:03:34,670 --> 00:03:40,710
+that come either in the middle or in the end. And
+
+38
+00:03:40,710 --> 00:03:47,180
+also we have Nahr, still we have many other words
+
+39
+00:03:47,180 --> 00:03:50,860
+in Arabic that contain only two clusters. However,
+
+40
+00:03:51,360 --> 00:03:54,500
+English has seven clusters. Some other languages
+
+41
+00:03:54,500 --> 00:03:58,660
+have more clusters than English, like Baba. We
+
+42
+00:03:58,660 --> 00:04:04,040
+have sixteen clusters in Baba. Okay? So, you know,
+
+43
+00:04:05,340 --> 00:04:10,780
+this differs from one language to another. Our
+
+44
+00:04:10,780 --> 00:04:14,580
+focus will be on English and Arabic today. We are
+
+45
+00:04:14,580 --> 00:04:18,280
+going to touch the clusterization system or
+
+46
+00:04:18,280 --> 00:04:22,200
+consonant cluster and see how many clusters are
+
+47
+00:04:22,200 --> 00:04:25,220
+there in English, how many clusters are there in
+
+48
+00:04:25,220 --> 00:04:29,300
+Arabic, what are the areas of difficulties that
+
+49
+00:04:29,300 --> 00:04:33,040
+cause interlingual errors or interlingual errors.
+
+50
+00:04:33,500 --> 00:04:38,060
+Then we are going to shift to vowels. to see the
+
+51
+00:04:38,060 --> 00:04:42,660
+short vowels, the long vowels, the diphthongs, and
+
+52
+00:04:42,660 --> 00:04:45,260
+see also areas of difficulties in pronunciation,
+
+53
+00:04:46,300 --> 00:04:53,220
+and the causes of the two types of errors, the
+
+54
+00:04:53,220 --> 00:04:57,800
+interlingual and the intralingual. Okay? Let's
+
+55
+00:04:57,800 --> 00:04:58,040
+see.
+
+56
+00:05:11,070 --> 00:05:14,910
+For the clusters of English, I mentioned that we
+
+57
+00:05:14,910 --> 00:05:22,370
+have two clusters or more, either three or four,
+
+58
+00:05:22,450 --> 00:05:27,590
+up to seven. So look to the two clusters. We have
+
+59
+00:05:27,590 --> 00:05:33,630
+sphere, sleeve, cats, dogs. So you have two
+
+60
+00:05:33,630 --> 00:05:37,070
+clusters, meaning two consonants at the end of a
+
+61
+00:05:37,070 --> 00:05:42,330
+word, like dogs, cats, The beginning as sleep,
+
+62
+00:05:43,050 --> 00:05:48,030
+sphere. We have three consonants. This is street,
+
+63
+00:05:49,690 --> 00:05:59,450
+risk, blanched, fix, this. We have five clusters
+
+64
+00:05:59,450 --> 00:06:08,180
+as in mixed, mixed sweets. Two words. Six
+
+65
+00:06:08,180 --> 00:06:14,820
+consonants as first stream. Seven consonants as
+
+66
+00:06:14,820 --> 00:06:22,500
+term stranger or term strangers. Here we have the
+
+67
+00:06:22,500 --> 00:06:26,240
+mistake committed by the Arab students. This is by
+
+68
+00:06:26,240 --> 00:06:32,760
+inserting a vowel, fracturing the clusterization
+
+69
+00:06:32,760 --> 00:06:33,260
+system.
+
+70
+00:06:36,850 --> 00:06:41,650
+So instead of saying sphere, you may find your
+
+71
+00:06:41,650 --> 00:06:45,310
+students say a sphere. They add the Hamza, the
+
+72
+00:06:45,310 --> 00:06:47,550
+glottal sound, which is not found in English.
+
+73
+00:06:50,770 --> 00:06:54,870
+Instead of saying, for example, dogs, they
+
+74
+00:06:54,870 --> 00:06:57,910
+fracture the clusterization system by inserting a
+
+75
+00:06:57,910 --> 00:07:01,170
+vowel in between. This vowel is originally Arabic.
+
+76
+00:07:01,820 --> 00:07:04,940
+Either nominative, accusative, or genitive.
+
+77
+00:07:06,960 --> 00:07:09,480
+Transferred into English. So instead of saying,
+
+78
+00:07:09,540 --> 00:07:12,180
+for example, dogs, they say doggies.
+
+79
+00:07:15,180 --> 00:07:16,680
+Mixed, they say mixed.
+
+80
+00:07:19,920 --> 00:07:24,070
+Question, they say a question. And the Egyptians
+
+81
+00:07:24,070 --> 00:07:30,710
+say, question, street, they street. And we say,
+
+82
+00:07:30,970 --> 00:07:35,330
+street, or street. So they fracture the
+
+83
+00:07:35,330 --> 00:07:40,530
+clusterization system mainly because of the effect
+
+84
+00:07:40,530 --> 00:07:45,310
+of their mother tongue that is Arabic. You see
+
+85
+00:07:45,310 --> 00:07:53,640
+that? Okay. Now we have More details about
+
+86
+00:07:53,640 --> 00:08:02,360
+consonant clusters. Okay? We have the s sound
+
+87
+00:08:02,360 --> 00:08:13,560
+followed by either p, t, k, f, m, l, w, y, as in
+
+88
+00:08:13,560 --> 00:08:20,130
+spear, steam. So we have two clusters. Sky,
+
+89
+00:08:21,250 --> 00:08:32,230
+sphere, smile, sneer, slow, swear, and suit. Okay.
+
+90
+00:08:32,710 --> 00:08:40,010
+So we have also the P sound followed by Ra or Wa,
+
+91
+00:08:40,690 --> 00:08:50,550
+as in trim, twin, tune. Okay. We have the K sound
+
+92
+00:08:50,550 --> 00:08:57,730
+followed by L, R, W, Y as in clip, crime, queen,
+
+93
+00:08:59,270 --> 00:09:09,330
+queue. The P sound followed by L, R, or Y as in
+
+94
+00:09:09,330 --> 00:09:16,410
+flame, bright, beautiful. The D sound followed by
+
+95
+00:09:16,410 --> 00:09:24,440
+R,wa, ya, as in dry, dwell, duty. The g sound
+
+96
+00:09:24,440 --> 00:09:31,940
+followed by l, r, as in glare, gross. The f sound
+
+97
+00:09:31,940 --> 00:09:38,960
+followed by l, r, ya, as in flare, frame, few.
+
+98
+00:09:40,860 --> 00:09:47,490
+This voiceless sound is followed by r, wa,as in
+
+99
+00:09:47,490 --> 00:09:55,870
+three thwot, shh followed by r sound as in shrink.
+
+100
+00:09:57,170 --> 00:10:05,890
+Ya, m, n and ha followed by the ya sound as in
+
+101
+00:10:05,890 --> 00:10:13,710
+mute, muse, huge. So, These are two clusters
+
+102
+00:10:13,710 --> 00:10:18,530
+coming at the beginning of a word as you have
+
+103
+00:10:18,530 --> 00:10:24,550
+seen. We have three clusters, as in spray, spread,
+
+104
+00:10:25,110 --> 00:10:29,370
+spring. So you have your students say spring or
+
+105
+00:10:29,370 --> 00:10:36,190
+spring or spring. So this is Arabic, okay? Spray,
+
+106
+00:10:36,970 --> 00:10:43,310
+spread, spring. We have three clusters as appears
+
+107
+00:10:43,310 --> 00:10:51,870
+in struggle, straw, stress, strict. Again, three
+
+108
+00:10:51,870 --> 00:10:57,330
+clusters, scream, screen, scroll, script.
+
+109
+00:11:00,470 --> 00:11:04,670
+Also, we have three clusters in student, stupid.
+
+110
+00:11:06,250 --> 00:11:08,970
+Three clusters as in skew,
+
+111
+00:11:11,810 --> 00:11:19,030
+And splash, splendid, split, squad, square,
+
+112
+00:11:19,670 --> 00:11:21,530
+squash, squeezes.
+
+113
+00:11:26,730 --> 00:11:30,030
+We have two or more consonants at the end of a
+
+114
+00:11:30,030 --> 00:11:35,510
+word, not at the beginning. So we have sah, ts,
+
+115
+00:11:35,750 --> 00:11:42,710
+and z. At the end of the noun, as in fields, Box,
+
+116
+00:11:43,650 --> 00:11:49,950
+dogs, two clusters at the end of a word. We have
+
+117
+00:11:49,950 --> 00:11:55,950
+ts, z. At the end of verbs, not nouns, the third
+
+118
+00:11:55,950 --> 00:12:00,690
+person in present tense, as you know, eats, gives,
+
+119
+00:12:01,410 --> 00:12:09,940
+risks, yields. We also have the allophones. Ta and
+
+120
+00:12:09,940 --> 00:12:14,440
+Da, two consonants at the end of a verb, okay, in
+
+121
+00:12:14,440 --> 00:12:20,240
+the past, as in wished, raised, risked, plunged.
+
+122
+00:12:20,660 --> 00:12:23,760
+You'll find your students say wished, they
+
+123
+00:12:23,760 --> 00:12:28,720
+fracture the clusterization system. Raised, okay,
+
+124
+00:12:29,260 --> 00:12:33,900
+they pronounce these wrongly. The Fah at the end
+
+125
+00:12:33,900 --> 00:12:38,880
+of a noun and numbers as in width, strength,
+
+126
+00:12:39,680 --> 00:12:44,420
+seventh. Okay? So you have two clusters at the end
+
+127
+00:12:44,420 --> 00:12:48,780
+of a word. Okay? You have the Fah followed by
+
+128
+00:12:48,780 --> 00:12:53,800
+plural nouns as numerals as in breadth, seventh,
+
+129
+00:12:54,460 --> 00:12:59,060
+eighth, et cetera. So we have clusterization
+
+130
+00:12:59,060 --> 00:13:01,540
+system at the end of words. We have three
+
+131
+00:13:01,540 --> 00:13:08,090
+clusters. Long skirt. Long skirt. You find your
+
+132
+00:13:08,090 --> 00:13:11,990
+students say long skirt, okay, which is completely
+
+133
+00:13:11,990 --> 00:13:12,870
+wrong.
+
+134
+00:13:21,510 --> 00:13:27,230
+Now, if you look to this, chart, you find the
+
+135
+00:13:27,230 --> 00:13:31,050
+clusterization system in English and Arabic.
+
+136
+00:13:32,010 --> 00:13:35,950
+English accepts two clusters, the beginning of a
+
+137
+00:13:35,950 --> 00:13:41,130
+word, the middle part of a word, the final part.
+
+138
+00:13:41,710 --> 00:13:46,090
+Also, we have three clusters, the middle, media in
+
+139
+00:13:46,090 --> 00:13:51,650
+the initial part, medial part, final part. We have
+
+140
+00:13:51,650 --> 00:13:56,590
+four clusters at the middle and also at the end of
+
+141
+00:13:56,590 --> 00:14:00,390
+a word. Arabic accepts only two clusters at the
+
+142
+00:14:00,390 --> 00:14:06,330
+end of a word as in nahr, nahr, bent, etc. Okay?
+
+143
+00:14:06,610 --> 00:14:10,810
+Also in the middle of the word. You have this
+
+144
+00:14:10,810 --> 00:14:12,930
+cluster appears in Arabic.
+
+145
+00:14:20,190 --> 00:14:20,730
+Yes.
+
+146
+00:14:24,210 --> 00:14:29,650
+In connected speech, we have sequence of clusters
+
+147
+00:14:29,650 --> 00:14:34,370
+that may reach seven clusters.
+
+148
+00:14:36,150 --> 00:14:41,370
+So we have banks closed.
+
+149
+00:14:44,330 --> 00:14:49,550
+We have a number of clusters in these two words.
+
+150
+00:14:50,420 --> 00:14:55,180
+Okay? Now, due to having every single consonant
+
+151
+00:14:55,180 --> 00:15:00,140
+followed by a vowel in Arabic, this causes Arab
+
+152
+00:15:00,140 --> 00:15:06,020
+learners, even in advanced stages, to pronounce
+
+153
+00:15:06,020 --> 00:15:10,680
+English words or English sentences wrongly. This
+
+154
+00:15:10,680 --> 00:15:14,000
+is by fracturing the clusterization system of
+
+155
+00:15:14,000 --> 00:15:20,300
+English and inserting vowels of Arabic. Okay? So
+
+156
+00:15:20,300 --> 00:15:26,760
+you, as future teachers or translators or users of
+
+157
+00:15:26,760 --> 00:15:30,200
+English, you have to be very aware of the
+
+158
+00:15:30,200 --> 00:15:32,840
+clusterization system in order to pronounce
+
+159
+00:15:32,840 --> 00:15:35,820
+English very, very clearly and fluently.
+
+160
+00:15:41,000 --> 00:15:47,300
+You see? If you look to, for example, grandfather.
+
+161
+00:15:47,660 --> 00:15:51,470
+Grandfather. You find your students say,
+
+162
+00:15:51,610 --> 00:15:58,190
+grandfather or a grandfather. Okay. So this is due
+
+163
+00:15:58,190 --> 00:16:02,050
+to the interference, the negative interference of
+
+164
+00:16:02,050 --> 00:16:02,850
+their mother tongue.
+
+165
+00:16:07,190 --> 00:16:07,870
+Okay.
+
+166
+00:16:12,170 --> 00:16:17,690
+The simple past tense is also problematic, mainly
+
+167
+00:16:17,690 --> 00:16:23,150
+once the verb ends in voiceless sound, wished,
+
+168
+00:16:26,410 --> 00:16:32,550
+dropped, passed. So you have your student say
+
+169
+00:16:32,550 --> 00:16:38,190
+wished, dropped, passed, which is completely
+
+170
+00:16:38,190 --> 00:16:42,690
+wrong. So you have to be aware of that. Another
+
+171
+00:16:42,690 --> 00:16:48,190
+serious problem is related to doubling, or what is
+
+172
+00:16:48,190 --> 00:16:51,530
+called gemination of Arabic. We don't have sheddah
+
+173
+00:16:51,530 --> 00:16:54,830
+in English. So why do you transfer the gemination
+
+174
+00:16:54,830 --> 00:16:58,270
+system of Arabic into English? Now if we need to
+
+175
+00:16:58,270 --> 00:17:01,370
+pronounce these words, who could just pronounce
+
+176
+00:17:01,370 --> 00:17:04,570
+them for me? Yes.
+
+177
+00:17:09,500 --> 00:17:18,540
+attack, posing, posing. Yes, continue. Command,
+
+178
+00:17:18,880 --> 00:17:22,820
+command, illegal, command. So now you insert the
+
+179
+00:17:22,820 --> 00:17:25,940
+gemination system. You are the best example of
+
+180
+00:17:25,940 --> 00:17:29,540
+just committing mistakes here. Another one.
+
+181
+00:17:32,300 --> 00:17:38,420
+Love, time, love, time, friend.
+
+182
+00:17:41,280 --> 00:17:46,140
+You use contraction. You omitted some vowels, some
+
+183
+00:17:46,140 --> 00:17:51,140
+parts of the words. Okay.
+
+184
+00:17:58,380 --> 00:18:03,500
+We don't have the Hamza in English, the glottal
+
+185
+00:18:03,500 --> 00:18:07,720
+sound. The only glottal sound in English is the H
+
+186
+00:18:07,720 --> 00:18:11,620
+sound. So we don't have the H sound which is only
+
+187
+00:18:11,620 --> 00:18:16,340
+available in Arabic. So it is allow, attack,
+
+188
+00:18:17,040 --> 00:18:22,400
+collapse, command, comment, illegal, connect.
+
+189
+00:18:25,600 --> 00:18:32,060
+You see? So this is a rich area of interlingual
+
+190
+00:18:32,060 --> 00:18:32,300
+errors.
+
+191
+00:18:38,870 --> 00:18:43,010
+So, you have to be careful just in consonant
+
+192
+00:18:43,010 --> 00:18:45,990
+doubling. You have to be careful in the
+
+193
+00:18:45,990 --> 00:18:49,790
+clusterization system. You have to be careful in
+
+194
+00:18:49,790 --> 00:18:56,510
+teaching the alveolar sounds, the dental sounds,
+
+195
+00:18:58,210 --> 00:19:01,410
+and other consonants which are not available in
+
+196
+00:19:01,410 --> 00:19:05,730
+Arabic. Arabic, as I mentioned last time, is a
+
+197
+00:19:05,730 --> 00:19:08,790
+semantic language, while English is an Indo
+
+198
+00:19:08,790 --> 00:19:13,430
+-European language. There is no similarity, there
+
+199
+00:19:13,430 --> 00:19:18,450
+is no symmetry between the two languages. We
+
+200
+00:19:18,450 --> 00:19:23,070
+assume that they are different in all aspects of
+
+201
+00:19:23,070 --> 00:19:26,370
+linguistics, either grammar, syntax,
+
+202
+00:19:28,430 --> 00:19:33,570
+sociolinguistics, pronunciation, etc. There is no
+
+203
+00:19:33,570 --> 00:19:37,470
+relevance between Arabic and English in any point
+
+204
+00:19:37,470 --> 00:19:38,750
+of these.
+
+205
+00:19:41,530 --> 00:19:44,810
+You have to take care to understand your English
+
+206
+00:19:44,810 --> 00:19:48,410
+very well and not to compare it with your Arabic
+
+207
+00:19:48,410 --> 00:19:53,470
+except only for the sake of comparison or
+
+208
+00:19:53,470 --> 00:19:57,950
+contrastive linguistics or etc. Now we shift to
+
+209
+00:19:57,950 --> 00:20:01,750
+what is called vowels of English. You know, we
+
+210
+00:20:01,750 --> 00:20:06,430
+have short vowels, long vowels, diphthongs, and
+
+211
+00:20:06,430 --> 00:20:10,590
+triphthongs. How many short vowels do we have in
+
+212
+00:20:10,590 --> 00:20:16,510
+Arabic? Three short vowels. Nominative,
+
+213
+00:20:16,730 --> 00:20:21,530
+accusative, genitive. However, in English, how
+
+214
+00:20:21,530 --> 00:20:26,430
+many? We have seven short vowels. So this means
+
+215
+00:20:26,430 --> 00:20:32,640
+that We are in front of a big dilemma. This is
+
+216
+00:20:32,640 --> 00:20:36,680
+represented in pronouncing these short vowels. Our
+
+217
+00:20:36,680 --> 00:20:41,740
+students mix between them and produce intralingual
+
+218
+00:20:41,740 --> 00:20:46,440
+errors resulting from the difficulty of English.
+
+219
+00:20:47,120 --> 00:20:52,820
+So we have the first short vowel that
+
+220
+00:20:52,820 --> 00:21:04,890
+is As available in hit, set, sex. These words
+
+221
+00:21:04,890 --> 00:21:15,090
+contain the short vowel, as in hit,
+
+222
+00:21:17,090 --> 00:21:17,610
+lip,
+
+223
+00:21:21,670 --> 00:21:31,560
+sex, set. Okay. Now this vowel is problematic
+
+224
+00:21:31,560 --> 00:21:35,740
+because our students commit or confuse in
+
+225
+00:21:35,740 --> 00:21:40,440
+pronouncing it with the eh sound. Eh sound as in
+
+226
+00:21:40,440 --> 00:21:48,020
+set, sex, pen. There's a big difference in
+
+227
+00:21:48,020 --> 00:21:54,620
+pronunciation between pen and pen. Sex and sex.
+
+228
+00:21:55,240 --> 00:22:03,030
+Okay. So any mistake in this field results from
+
+229
+00:22:03,030 --> 00:22:06,210
+the difficulty of the pronunciation system of
+
+230
+00:22:06,210 --> 00:22:12,710
+English. So it is called intralingual error. We
+
+231
+00:22:12,710 --> 00:22:17,570
+have this sound available in Arabic represented in
+
+232
+00:22:17,570 --> 00:22:25,870
+the kasra, the genitive case, okay? الولد ذهب إلى
+
+233
+00:22:25,870 --> 00:22:26,410
+السوق
+
+234
+00:22:30,410 --> 00:22:34,590
+It appears in what is called constructed states.
+
+235
+00:22:36,890 --> 00:22:45,250
+So the
+
+236
+00:22:45,250 --> 00:22:48,130
+constructed state is always assigned genitive case
+
+237
+00:22:48,130 --> 00:22:52,250
+in English, completely like Arabic.
+
+238
+00:22:57,250 --> 00:23:02,930
+I say, for example, John's book. But the mechanism
+
+239
+00:23:02,930 --> 00:23:07,650
+of assigning case or assigning genitive case to
+
+240
+00:23:07,650 --> 00:23:13,690
+English possessive noun is different from Arabic.
+
+241
+00:23:14,750 --> 00:23:17,690
+The genitive case is assigned by the apostrophe S.
+
+242
+00:23:18,770 --> 00:23:24,090
+John's book. John is the possessor here. However,
+
+243
+00:23:24,110 --> 00:23:25,950
+in Arabic, I say, Kitab-u Ahmed.
+
+244
+00:23:29,190 --> 00:23:32,790
+The genitive case is assigned by what is called
+
+245
+00:23:32,790 --> 00:23:39,730
+determiner and inflection or agreement. This has
+
+246
+00:23:39,730 --> 00:23:44,570
+been seen in syntax last semester for those who
+
+247
+00:23:44,570 --> 00:23:47,230
+have taken this course. I don't know whether you
+
+248
+00:23:47,230 --> 00:23:56,270
+are familiar with that or not. Anyway, we
+
+249
+00:23:56,270 --> 00:24:02,790
+have The English, uh, as in book, book.
+
+250
+00:24:05,910 --> 00:24:11,030
+It is central back of the tongue, pronounced where
+
+251
+00:24:11,030 --> 00:24:14,290
+the central back of the tongue is in half closed
+
+252
+00:24:14,290 --> 00:24:18,470
+position and the lips are slightly rounded. Okay.
+
+253
+00:24:19,150 --> 00:24:25,170
+Now we have the Arabic dhamma, uh. Okay. which is
+
+254
+00:24:25,170 --> 00:24:28,470
+produced by the tongue in the half-closed position
+
+255
+00:24:28,470 --> 00:24:33,750
+with the round lips Dhamma means nominative case
+
+256
+00:24:33,750 --> 00:24:37,830
+So
+
+257
+00:24:37,830 --> 00:24:44,010
+we
+
+258
+00:24:44,010 --> 00:24:50,090
+have the O sound available in both English and
+
+259
+00:24:50,090 --> 00:24:54,790
+Arabic here But its position is different. Now it
+
+260
+00:24:54,790 --> 00:24:58,830
+is available as case assignment in Arabic.
+
+261
+00:25:01,190 --> 00:25:04,930
+However, in English, it is part of pronunciation.
+
+262
+00:25:06,730 --> 00:25:10,890
+So this is an area of difficulty as well. We have
+
+263
+00:25:10,890 --> 00:25:15,270
+the Arabic accusative case, Fatha,
+
+264
+00:25:18,010 --> 00:25:21,190
+which is represented as short vowel.
+
+265
+00:25:24,270 --> 00:25:27,710
+The tongue here is half open position and neutral
+
+266
+00:25:27,710 --> 00:25:37,530
+lips. Okay. So I say الولدة الكتابة.
+
+267
+00:25:38,350 --> 00:25:39,170
+Okay.
+
+268
+00:25:45,790 --> 00:25:47,010
+We have
+
+269
+00:25:49,920 --> 00:25:57,460
+The Ih sound, Ih, Ih sound as in set, pan,
+
+270
+00:26:00,020 --> 00:26:08,660
+sex, egg, left. This is similar to the first sound
+
+271
+00:26:08,660 --> 00:26:13,760
+Ih as in set. So your students confuse between
+
+272
+00:26:13,760 --> 00:26:17,600
+these two short vowels. And the most problematic
+
+273
+00:26:17,600 --> 00:26:22,220
+sound is the schwa because this represents the
+
+274
+00:26:22,220 --> 00:26:27,820
+weak forms of English. We have weak forms in
+
+275
+00:26:27,820 --> 00:26:34,320
+English that differ or that are not available in
+
+276
+00:26:34,320 --> 00:26:42,700
+Arabic. So in Arabic we have strong
+
+277
+00:26:44,090 --> 00:26:48,350
+pronunciation or strong pitch that is available in
+
+278
+00:26:48,350 --> 00:26:53,370
+nearly every single word of Arabic. However, in
+
+279
+00:26:53,370 --> 00:26:58,590
+English, we have weak forms and strong forms. I
+
+280
+00:26:58,590 --> 00:27:03,350
+mean, high pitch and low pitch. So, you have some
+
+281
+00:27:03,350 --> 00:27:07,790
+words are pronounced with weak forms with what is
+
+282
+00:27:07,790 --> 00:27:12,990
+called chwa. Okay? These are the pronouns of
+
+283
+00:27:12,990 --> 00:27:18,130
+English. The prepositions of English. The
+
+284
+00:27:18,130 --> 00:27:23,070
+determination system of English. Articles, a, n,
+
+285
+00:27:23,450 --> 00:27:32,070
+the. We have the one word syllable in connected
+
+286
+00:27:32,070 --> 00:27:38,690
+speech. We have the conjunctions as well. These
+
+287
+00:27:38,690 --> 00:27:43,940
+are weak forms. The suffixation at the end of a
+
+288
+00:27:43,940 --> 00:27:48,760
+word is weak form. I say, for example, father,
+
+289
+00:27:49,960 --> 00:27:57,800
+mother, farmer. The final part is always weak. The
+
+290
+00:27:57,800 --> 00:28:01,020
+final part of a word is always weak. This is in
+
+291
+00:28:01,020 --> 00:28:03,820
+isolation. But the situation differs if these
+
+292
+00:28:03,820 --> 00:28:09,190
+words are pronounced in connected utterance.due to
+
+293
+00:28:09,190 --> 00:28:12,570
+having the different subra segmental phonemes of
+
+294
+00:28:12,570 --> 00:28:19,430
+English. But still, the schwach system marks the
+
+295
+00:28:19,430 --> 00:28:24,970
+English language pronunciation. Okay? So it is not
+
+296
+00:28:24,970 --> 00:28:28,850
+found in Arabic and accordingly it's highly
+
+297
+00:28:28,850 --> 00:28:30,990
+problematic. Let's see.
+
+298
+00:28:41,370 --> 00:28:44,530
+We see, for example, banana.
+
+299
+00:28:46,790 --> 00:28:53,470
+The final part of a word is schwa. You find the
+
+300
+00:28:53,470 --> 00:28:59,270
+schwa in almost all words of English in isolation,
+
+301
+00:28:59,930 --> 00:29:05,670
+which are suffixed by any suffix. However, you
+
+302
+00:29:05,670 --> 00:29:10,520
+find the schwa in the sentence, on sentences of
+
+303
+00:29:10,520 --> 00:29:14,720
+English which contain the weak forms which I
+
+304
+00:29:14,720 --> 00:29:20,720
+mentioned. Today, I don't say, today, this is in
+
+305
+00:29:20,720 --> 00:29:24,040
+isolation. It's not choix. But in connected
+
+306
+00:29:24,040 --> 00:29:26,540
+speech, I say, for example, today I want to show
+
+307
+00:29:26,540 --> 00:29:29,840
+you the anatomy of a horse. Today I want to show
+
+308
+00:29:29,840 --> 00:29:34,590
+you the anatomy of a horse. Of a horse. You'll
+
+309
+00:29:34,590 --> 00:29:40,230
+find your students say, today, I want to show you
+
+310
+00:29:40,230 --> 00:29:45,350
+the anatomy of a horse, which is completely not
+
+311
+00:29:45,350 --> 00:29:50,270
+English. Okay? This is not English. And I'm sure
+
+312
+00:29:50,270 --> 00:29:52,210
+that the native speakers of English will never
+
+313
+00:29:52,210 --> 00:29:55,170
+understand you if you say this, because you borrow
+
+314
+00:29:55,170 --> 00:29:59,130
+the Arabic system into English. You have to say,
+
+315
+00:29:59,590 --> 00:30:01,710
+today, I want to show you the anatomy of a horse.
+
+316
+00:30:03,540 --> 00:30:07,840
+So, instead of saying today, I say today. It is
+
+317
+00:30:07,840 --> 00:30:14,080
+schwa. I want to show you. We don't have I in
+
+318
+00:30:14,080 --> 00:30:18,860
+English except being stressed. Otherwise, we
+
+319
+00:30:18,860 --> 00:30:21,460
+pronounce it ah. Today, I want to show you the
+
+320
+00:30:21,460 --> 00:30:25,880
+anatomy of a horse. I can say to you, today, I
+
+321
+00:30:25,880 --> 00:30:29,300
+want to show you the anatomy of a horse. What's
+
+322
+00:30:29,300 --> 00:30:32,580
+the difference? There's a big difference here in
+
+323
+00:30:32,580 --> 00:30:34,900
+interpretation or translation between the two
+
+324
+00:30:34,900 --> 00:30:40,580
+sentences. The stress is meaningful. The first
+
+325
+00:30:40,580 --> 00:30:45,980
+sentence does not contain stress on the pronoun I.
+
+326
+00:30:46,660 --> 00:30:49,740
+However, the second sentence has this stress
+
+327
+00:30:49,740 --> 00:30:54,380
+marking the pronoun I. So this makes difference in
+
+328
+00:30:54,380 --> 00:30:58,560
+meaning. Could you translate? Today I want to show
+
+329
+00:30:58,560 --> 00:31:01,700
+you the anatomy of a horse. Today I want to show
+
+330
+00:31:01,700 --> 00:31:04,040
+you the anatomy of a horse. So what's the
+
+331
+00:31:04,040 --> 00:31:04,400
+difference?
+
+332
+00:31:09,660 --> 00:31:17,580
+The first one. اليوم سأوريكم تشريح الحصار. I am
+
+333
+00:31:17,580 --> 00:31:21,400
+your teacher. You are familiar with me. I come
+
+334
+00:31:21,400 --> 00:31:26,520
+every class. I teach you anatomy. And today it is
+
+335
+00:31:26,520 --> 00:31:33,600
+time to teach you the anatomy of the horse. But I
+
+336
+00:31:33,600 --> 00:31:37,920
+came for the first time, I say to you, I, not
+
+337
+00:31:37,920 --> 00:31:41,500
+anyone else, is going to teach you the anatomy of
+
+338
+00:31:41,500 --> 00:31:44,460
+a horse. So today I want to show you the anatomy
+
+339
+00:31:44,460 --> 00:31:48,600
+of a horse. The anatomy of a horse. Not anyone
+
+340
+00:31:48,600 --> 00:31:55,360
+else. Not any other professors. I myself am going
+
+341
+00:31:55,360 --> 00:31:59,500
+to teach you such and such. Okay? So there is a
+
+342
+00:31:59,500 --> 00:32:02,460
+big difference here. If you master the stressed
+
+343
+00:32:02,460 --> 00:32:05,720
+system and the schwach system or the weak form,
+
+344
+00:32:06,180 --> 00:32:09,440
+you can easily understand the native speakers of
+
+345
+00:32:09,440 --> 00:32:14,170
+English. Otherwise, you misunderstand them and
+
+346
+00:32:14,170 --> 00:32:18,950
+accordingly produce wrong and very distant
+
+347
+00:32:18,950 --> 00:32:25,990
+translation or interpretation. Is it clear? Okay.
+
+348
+00:32:27,370 --> 00:32:37,530
+We have the A sound as in attack. Attack. Banana.
+
+349
+00:32:38,510 --> 00:32:38,750
+Bad.
+
+350
+00:32:43,020 --> 00:32:49,100
+So you have quite long, short vowel. We have the
+
+351
+00:32:49,100 --> 00:32:54,760
+uh sound, as in run, uncle,
+
+352
+00:32:57,560 --> 00:33:06,160
+cut, hut, above. You find these or this sound
+
+353
+00:33:06,160 --> 00:33:07,640
+available in these words.
+
+354
+00:33:13,780 --> 00:33:18,820
+So you find these sounds, I mean this sound,
+
+355
+00:33:19,200 --> 00:33:30,520
+available in run, uncle, above, cut, hut, is not
+
+356
+00:33:30,520 --> 00:33:34,800
+available in Arabic. So it is problematic. It is
+
+357
+00:33:34,800 --> 00:33:38,020
+replaced by the Hamza in Arabic. So you have your
+
+358
+00:33:38,020 --> 00:33:42,920
+students or you yourselves pronounce it as above,
+
+359
+00:33:43,770 --> 00:33:49,570
+You can put your fingers on your necks and try to
+
+360
+00:33:49,570 --> 00:33:55,570
+pronounce it above. If there be movement here,
+
+361
+00:33:56,030 --> 00:33:59,950
+this means that you pronounce the Arabic Hamza.
+
+362
+00:34:01,090 --> 00:34:06,470
+So, it is pronounced from your mouth. Okay? It is
+
+363
+00:34:06,470 --> 00:34:12,330
+not from the glottis. So, we say above. Above.
+
+364
+00:34:13,180 --> 00:34:13,820
+About.
+
+365
+00:34:18,000 --> 00:34:24,440
+Yes, we say uncle, uncle, not uncle. So this is
+
+366
+00:34:24,440 --> 00:34:30,200
+Arabic. Okay. We have the oh sound. Oh is not
+
+367
+00:34:30,200 --> 00:34:34,980
+found in Arabic as well as available in cough. Dog
+
+368
+00:34:34,980 --> 00:34:39,900
+knowledge. Okay? It's charged vowel. So you have
+
+369
+00:34:39,900 --> 00:34:43,200
+your students find difficulty in pronouncing these
+
+370
+00:34:43,200 --> 00:34:46,300
+words. So they come out with interlingual errors,
+
+371
+00:34:46,800 --> 00:34:49,840
+interlingual mistakes, or intralingual mistakes.
+
+372
+00:34:50,900 --> 00:34:55,000
+Inter or intra? Intralingual, because this results
+
+373
+00:34:55,000 --> 00:35:00,660
+from the difficulty of English unless they insert
+
+374
+00:35:00,660 --> 00:35:04,740
+the Hamza. This comes out with interlingual error
+
+375
+00:35:04,740 --> 00:35:09,140
+or interlingual mistake. We also have the long
+
+376
+00:35:09,140 --> 00:35:15,040
+vowels. Okay. They are longer than the short
+
+377
+00:35:15,040 --> 00:35:24,840
+vowels. Okay. Yes. So these long vowels are nearly
+
+378
+00:35:24,840 --> 00:35:29,610
+five in English. Okay. We have long vowels in
+
+379
+00:35:29,610 --> 00:35:35,390
+Arabic as well, but they are less than English. So
+
+380
+00:35:35,390 --> 00:35:39,330
+let's see this. The first long vowel, the first
+
+381
+00:35:39,330 --> 00:35:47,110
+English long vowel, E, as in key, cheese, police,
+
+382
+00:35:47,850 --> 00:35:50,270
+police. So you have your students say, for
+
+383
+00:35:50,270 --> 00:35:59,080
+example, police. This is interlingual error. I
+
+384
+00:35:59,080 --> 00:36:01,860
+say, for example, they mix between this sound,
+
+385
+00:36:01,960 --> 00:36:05,560
+this long vowel and the short vowel. So if I ask
+
+386
+00:36:05,560 --> 00:36:09,300
+you about your nationality, what do you say? You
+
+387
+00:36:09,300 --> 00:36:13,280
+are Palestinians. Some of you say, I am
+
+388
+00:36:13,280 --> 00:36:17,480
+Palestinian, which is wrong. Palestinians,
+
+389
+00:36:18,100 --> 00:36:27,820
+Palestinian. It is short vowel as in set, six, not
+
+390
+00:36:27,820 --> 00:36:33,740
+seat, meet. So don't say Palestinians. It is
+
+391
+00:36:33,740 --> 00:36:39,880
+Palestinians. Otherwise, you commit interlingual
+
+392
+00:36:39,880 --> 00:36:41,500
+or interlingual mistake?
+
+393
+00:36:44,760 --> 00:36:47,960
+Interlingual. You mix between the sounds of
+
+394
+00:36:47,960 --> 00:36:52,260
+English. Okay? Arabic does not interfere. So we
+
+395
+00:36:52,260 --> 00:36:56,820
+have the long vowel, the Arabic long vowel E as in
+
+396
+00:36:56,820 --> 00:37:02,520
+feel elephant. This is called also kasra in Arabic
+
+397
+00:37:02,520 --> 00:37:08,200
+plus
+
+398
+00:37:08,200 --> 00:37:19,200
+the sound E. We have OO sound. The OO sound. This
+
+399
+00:37:19,200 --> 00:37:23,780
+is English long vowel as in food, rude, soup.
+
+400
+00:37:24,520 --> 00:37:32,240
+Okay. We have the Arabic OO long vowel as in tool.
+
+401
+00:37:33,360 --> 00:37:34,280
+Okay.
+
+402
+00:37:36,720 --> 00:37:37,640
+So
+
+403
+00:37:42,350 --> 00:37:46,710
+It is longer than the nominative case or the damma
+
+404
+00:37:46,710 --> 00:37:52,370
+in Arabic. We have also the Arabic long vowel as
+
+405
+00:37:52,370 --> 00:38:02,010
+in قابلة قابلة Okay, you have long vowel. Okay, it
+
+406
+00:38:02,010 --> 00:38:05,630
+differs from what is longer than the accusative
+
+407
+00:38:05,630 --> 00:38:09,490
+case fatha in Arabic. Still, we have in English
+
+408
+00:38:09,490 --> 00:38:18,410
+the The A, sorry, the A sound which is long as in
+
+409
+00:38:18,410 --> 00:38:30,110
+word, shirt, serve. Okay. We have also the O sound
+
+410
+00:38:30,110 --> 00:38:38,070
+as in boat, law, all. So we don't say all. If you
+
+411
+00:38:38,070 --> 00:38:40,330
+say all, this means that you insert the Arabic
+
+412
+00:38:40,330 --> 00:38:45,260
+Hamza. It is all, okay? So this is, or these are
+
+413
+00:38:45,260 --> 00:38:49,220
+areas of difficulties, as you see, resulting from
+
+414
+00:38:49,220 --> 00:38:53,700
+the difference between the sound system of English
+
+415
+00:38:53,700 --> 00:38:58,600
+and the sound system of Arabic, okay? We have a as
+
+416
+00:38:58,600 --> 00:39:04,720
+in, sorry. We have a, a as in Clark, fa, pat.
+
+417
+00:39:06,180 --> 00:39:10,580
+Okay? Another long vowel of English, which is not
+
+418
+00:39:10,580 --> 00:39:11,800
+found in Arabic as well.
+
+419
+00:39:16,220 --> 00:39:16,900
+Fine.
+
+420
+00:39:22,980 --> 00:39:27,160
+Now, we finish the sound system or mean the
+
+421
+00:39:27,160 --> 00:39:27,940
+consonants.
+
+422
+00:39:31,270 --> 00:39:35,750
+and the vowels of English, but still we have the
+
+423
+00:39:35,750 --> 00:39:43,350
+diphthongs, which are also problematic. So, let's
+
+424
+00:39:43,350 --> 00:39:48,590
+see a summary of what we have said. We've seen
+
+425
+00:39:48,590 --> 00:39:53,970
+that English has nearly seven short vowels, five
+
+426
+00:39:53,970 --> 00:39:58,390
+long vowels, and still we have diphthongs nearly
+
+427
+00:39:58,390 --> 00:40:05,480
+13, And diphthongs as well. In Arabic, we have
+
+428
+00:40:05,480 --> 00:40:07,220
+only two diphthongs.
+
+429
+00:40:10,180 --> 00:40:15,520
+However, in English, we have a number of
+
+430
+00:40:15,520 --> 00:40:20,620
+diphthongs. This means that they all are very,
+
+431
+00:40:20,680 --> 00:40:24,820
+very peculiar to Arab native speakers of English.
+
+432
+00:40:26,510 --> 00:40:30,090
+This means that we expect them to commit serious
+
+433
+00:40:30,090 --> 00:40:35,690
+mistakes in pronouncing these diphthongs as they
+
+434
+00:40:35,690 --> 00:40:39,570
+normally do with the long vowels and the short
+
+435
+00:40:39,570 --> 00:40:43,850
+vowels. Because you know the system here is
+
+436
+00:40:43,850 --> 00:40:46,630
+different from Arabic. Mainly because the two
+
+437
+00:40:46,630 --> 00:40:50,190
+languages, as mentioned, are derived from
+
+438
+00:40:50,190 --> 00:40:54,850
+different roots. English is Indo-European, Arabic
+
+439
+00:40:54,850 --> 00:40:58,750
+is Semitic, so we cannot, I mean, if you see this,
+
+440
+00:40:59,110 --> 00:41:03,210
+you can find the difficulty just in the number of
+
+441
+00:41:03,210 --> 00:41:07,090
+mistakes committed by your students and maybe by
+
+442
+00:41:07,090 --> 00:41:13,340
+yourselves. Okay? Once reading, once speaking, et
+
+443
+00:41:13,340 --> 00:41:17,260
+cetera, you find this difficulty and you lots of
+
+444
+00:41:17,260 --> 00:41:21,580
+times meet with Arabic pronunciation or Arabic
+
+445
+00:41:21,580 --> 00:41:26,940
+features inserted in English. Okay? The schwach
+
+446
+00:41:26,940 --> 00:41:29,380
+system is very difficult. You have to be familiar
+
+447
+00:41:29,380 --> 00:41:35,660
+with the weak forms. are available in English, but
+
+448
+00:41:35,660 --> 00:41:38,420
+not in Arabic. So this is another area of
+
+449
+00:41:38,420 --> 00:41:41,140
+difficulty. You have to be aware of that in order
+
+450
+00:41:41,140 --> 00:41:45,640
+to pronounce English correctly. The doubling, or
+
+451
+00:41:45,640 --> 00:41:47,820
+what is called the gemination system. The
+
+452
+00:41:47,820 --> 00:41:49,940
+gemination system is available in Arabic, not
+
+453
+00:41:49,940 --> 00:41:55,500
+English. So whenever you see two, I mean, double
+
+454
+00:41:55,500 --> 00:42:00,980
+letters, In English, you try to gymnate them, and
+
+455
+00:42:00,980 --> 00:42:04,020
+this comes out with mistakes. So, we don't say,
+
+456
+00:42:04,060 --> 00:42:09,860
+for example, collapse. We say collapse. Comment,
+
+457
+00:42:10,860 --> 00:42:18,720
+command, etc. Okay? The Hamza of Arabic sometimes
+
+458
+00:42:18,720 --> 00:42:22,740
+is found in English wrongly by your students. It
+
+459
+00:42:22,740 --> 00:42:27,460
+is Not available in Arabic, not available in
+
+460
+00:42:27,460 --> 00:42:30,920
+English, because the only glottal sound in English
+
+461
+00:42:30,920 --> 00:42:35,120
+is the H sound. So you have to be familiar with
+
+462
+00:42:35,120 --> 00:42:38,120
+that and take care. And next time, inshallah, we
+
+463
+00:42:38,120 --> 00:42:40,960
+are going to explain the difference and the rest
+
+464
+00:42:40,960 --> 00:42:44,360
+of the sound in isolation. See you next time.
+
+465
+00:42:44,500 --> 00:42:45,040
+Thank you now.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/f4HAfwk_aZM.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1276 @@
+
+1
+00:00:13,600 --> 00:00:18,120
+We spoke about mood subjunctive, the subjunctive
+
+2
+00:00:18,120 --> 00:00:23,580
+mood, and we divided it into three types. This is
+
+3
+00:00:33,930 --> 00:00:45,870
+subjunctive formulae subjunctive
+
+4
+00:00:45,870 --> 00:00:52,710
+and
+
+5
+00:00:52,710 --> 00:00:56,810
+where subjunctive
+
+6
+00:01:00,280 --> 00:01:03,540
+We also divided the mannative subjunctive into
+
+7
+00:01:03,540 --> 00:01:09,260
+three types. Okay? The mannative subjunctive into
+
+8
+00:01:09,260 --> 00:01:15,860
+three types. So we have recommendation,
+
+9
+00:01:18,560 --> 00:01:22,800
+we
+
+10
+00:01:22,800 --> 00:01:23,580
+have command,
+
+11
+00:01:26,740 --> 00:01:27,940
+and we have demand.
+
+12
+00:01:34,190 --> 00:01:37,010
+And we cited the example, it's necessary that
+
+13
+00:01:37,010 --> 00:01:43,450
+everyone abide to the law. It's necessary that
+
+14
+00:01:43,450 --> 00:01:46,070
+everyone abide to the law. This is the
+
+15
+00:01:46,070 --> 00:01:50,110
+recommendation. We use the bare infinitive. It's
+
+16
+00:01:50,110 --> 00:01:56,750
+necessary that
+
+17
+00:01:56,750 --> 00:02:02,350
+everyone abide
+
+18
+00:02:04,590 --> 00:02:05,210
+to the law.
+
+19
+00:02:08,290 --> 00:02:16,230
+We use here bare infinitive. However, in using or
+
+20
+00:02:16,230 --> 00:02:20,290
+in expressing command, we say it is necessary that
+
+21
+00:02:20,290 --> 00:02:25,690
+everyone should abide to the law.
+
+22
+00:02:28,790 --> 00:02:34,170
+So we have should in case of command. In case of
+
+23
+00:02:34,350 --> 00:02:45,170
+demand, we say it's necessary for everyone to
+
+24
+00:02:45,170 --> 00:02:46,350
+abide to the law.
+
+25
+00:02:50,310 --> 00:02:56,630
+So we use here for plus the infinitive. Okay, this
+
+26
+00:02:56,630 --> 00:03:02,010
+expresses demand. Okay. However, in translation,
+
+27
+00:03:03,360 --> 00:03:07,140
+In making recommendation, we say yajib. In making
+
+28
+00:03:07,140 --> 00:03:12,100
+demand, we say ala. In making command, we say ala.
+
+29
+00:03:12,180 --> 00:03:15,300
+In making demand, we say yatawajib. Okay, this is
+
+30
+00:03:15,300 --> 00:03:17,960
+Arabic. It's very essential to be understood
+
+31
+00:03:17,960 --> 00:03:22,440
+because this is very very accurate and very
+
+32
+00:03:23,680 --> 00:03:27,080
+important for translation once you translate the
+
+33
+00:03:27,080 --> 00:03:30,820
+recommendations once you translate the resolutions
+
+34
+00:03:30,820 --> 00:03:36,880
+or orders and once you translate the demands okay
+
+35
+00:03:36,880 --> 00:03:42,310
+this is regularly used in the official
+
+36
+00:03:42,310 --> 00:03:47,410
+institutions like the United Nations, General
+
+37
+00:03:47,410 --> 00:03:50,510
+Assembly, and the Security Council, the Arab
+
+38
+00:03:50,510 --> 00:03:56,290
+League, and other official organizations. Okay?
+
+39
+00:04:00,550 --> 00:04:06,250
+Now, we shift
+
+40
+00:04:09,460 --> 00:04:15,580
+to compounding. Compounding in English and Arabic.
+
+41
+00:04:15,740 --> 00:04:19,500
+How to make compounds. What are the types of
+
+42
+00:04:19,500 --> 00:04:23,640
+compounds? The syntactic types and the semantic
+
+43
+00:04:23,640 --> 00:04:28,240
+types of compounds. Sometimes we have solid
+
+44
+00:04:28,240 --> 00:04:30,940
+compounds like blackboard.
+
+45
+00:04:35,240 --> 00:04:36,580
+White house.
+
+46
+00:04:39,850 --> 00:04:45,290
+Okay? Sometimes we have hyphenated compounds, like
+
+47
+00:04:45,290 --> 00:04:48,630
+sit-in, mother-in-law,
+
+48
+00:04:52,030 --> 00:05:01,890
+tightrope walker. And other times we see spaced or
+
+49
+00:05:01,890 --> 00:05:06,590
+open compounds, like the Islamic University of
+
+50
+00:05:06,590 --> 00:05:06,870
+Gaza.
+
+51
+00:05:09,590 --> 00:05:10,370
+Okay?
+
+52
+00:05:13,370 --> 00:05:18,670
+How could the United Nations, for example, how
+
+53
+00:05:18,670 --> 00:05:20,970
+could we differentiate between these three types?
+
+54
+00:05:21,570 --> 00:05:25,490
+And are there rules for making compounds either
+
+55
+00:05:25,490 --> 00:05:33,350
+solid or hyphenated or spaced? Let's see. We need
+
+56
+00:05:33,350 --> 00:05:34,410
+to tackle this point.
+
+57
+00:05:38,530 --> 00:05:41,010
+So, the components of compounding words.
+
+58
+00:05:45,930 --> 00:05:50,670
+In these components, we see that some compounds
+
+59
+00:05:50,670 --> 00:05:54,630
+consist of two elements, some other compounds
+
+60
+00:05:54,630 --> 00:06:00,730
+consist of three elements, and these elements can
+
+61
+00:06:00,730 --> 00:06:05,610
+be simple words or complex words.
+
+62
+00:06:08,670 --> 00:06:12,470
+The elements of compounds can be nouns, can be
+
+63
+00:06:12,470 --> 00:06:18,650
+nouns and adjectives, verbs and nouns, adjectives
+
+64
+00:06:18,650 --> 00:06:21,850
+and nouns, pronouns, and different parts of
+
+65
+00:06:21,850 --> 00:06:26,810
+speech. So we need to touch these areas and then
+
+66
+00:06:26,810 --> 00:06:31,890
+go deeply to or go straight ahead to the syntactic
+
+67
+00:06:31,890 --> 00:06:35,010
+and semantic types of compounding.
+
+68
+00:06:39,060 --> 00:06:44,220
+We have compounds where the first element is noun
+
+69
+00:06:44,220 --> 00:07:01,740
+or pronoun or an adjective or a verb Yes,
+
+70
+00:07:02,700 --> 00:07:05,860
+once we say for example armchair
+
+71
+00:07:09,970 --> 00:07:11,490
+The first element is noun.
+
+72
+00:07:15,510 --> 00:07:16,910
+Pronoun.
+
+73
+00:07:19,470 --> 00:07:23,990
+He goat. He goat.
+
+74
+00:07:28,870 --> 00:07:31,350
+This is pronoun.
+
+75
+00:07:32,050 --> 00:07:38,450
+Hyphen goat. Okay. One word.
+
+76
+00:07:44,780 --> 00:07:45,340
+Okay,
+
+77
+00:07:49,020 --> 00:07:55,540
+we have she gate She gate She entered the
+
+78
+00:07:55,540 --> 00:07:57,500
+university from the she gate. What do you mean?
+
+79
+00:07:58,740 --> 00:07:59,380
+What does it mean?
+
+80
+00:08:02,260 --> 00:08:09,200
+She entered the university from the she gate Okay
+
+81
+00:08:09,200 --> 00:08:17,070
+We have The first element is an adjective. Once we
+
+82
+00:08:17,070 --> 00:08:25,030
+say blackboard. Blackboard. Black is an adjective.
+
+83
+00:08:26,230 --> 00:08:30,750
+Okay? We have also a verb.
+
+84
+00:08:34,150 --> 00:08:42,720
+Such as drawbridge. Drawbridge. Draw is verb okay
+
+85
+00:08:42,720 --> 00:08:48,300
+we also can have adverb when I say for example
+
+86
+00:08:48,300 --> 00:08:58,220
+outpost outpost outpost now
+
+87
+00:08:58,220 --> 00:09:03,440
+we
+
+88
+00:09:03,440 --> 00:09:08,340
+have the second element of the compound can be a
+
+89
+00:09:08,340 --> 00:09:13,710
+noun can be a pronoun Can be a verb and can be an
+
+90
+00:09:13,710 --> 00:09:15,210
+adverb as well.
+
+91
+00:09:23,570 --> 00:09:29,230
+When I say, for example, goldsmith, goldsmith,
+
+92
+00:09:30,410 --> 00:09:35,770
+tinsmith. The second element is a noun, two nouns.
+
+93
+00:09:36,910 --> 00:09:42,870
+The second element can be a pronoun. I'm going to
+
+94
+00:09:42,870 --> 00:09:48,350
+say, for example, overall. Overall, all, this is
+
+95
+00:09:48,350 --> 00:09:51,090
+floating quantifier, is a pronoun.
+
+96
+00:09:53,910 --> 00:09:58,530
+Overall, this is a compound ending with a pronoun.
+
+97
+00:10:03,790 --> 00:10:09,110
+We have a verb. The second element is a verb. Like
+
+98
+00:10:09,110 --> 00:10:11,430
+smash and grid.
+
+99
+00:10:15,190 --> 00:10:20,910
+Smash and grab. Smash and grab. Smash and grab.
+
+100
+00:10:21,990 --> 00:10:27,410
+Grab is a verb. It can be adverb. When I say, for
+
+101
+00:10:27,410 --> 00:10:33,670
+example, passerby. Passerby. Okay?
+
+102
+00:10:42,070 --> 00:10:46,270
+Okay. Now we have what is called syntactic
+
+103
+00:10:46,270 --> 00:10:51,450
+relationship between these elements. The elements
+
+104
+00:10:51,450 --> 00:10:54,850
+of the compound have what is called syntactic
+
+105
+00:10:54,850 --> 00:10:58,250
+relationships. And it can be parts of speech, for
+
+106
+00:10:58,250 --> 00:11:03,170
+example, can be coordination, can be other
+
+107
+00:11:03,170 --> 00:11:03,650
+elements.
+
+108
+00:11:11,390 --> 00:11:12,370
+Let's see.
+
+109
+00:11:15,560 --> 00:11:18,500
+The syntactic word group relations between the
+
+110
+00:11:18,500 --> 00:11:24,420
+elements of compounds. When I say sun in law, sun
+
+111
+00:11:24,420 --> 00:11:29,180
+in law. Sun is a noun. In? Preposition.
+
+112
+00:11:29,380 --> 00:11:32,540
+Preposition. Law? Now. Now. So, the relation
+
+113
+00:11:32,540 --> 00:11:37,240
+between these elements is parts of speech. Okay?
+
+114
+00:11:40,020 --> 00:11:44,780
+When I say, for example, good for nothing. Good is
+
+115
+00:11:44,780 --> 00:11:52,060
+an adjective for preposition. Nothing, it is
+
+116
+00:11:52,060 --> 00:11:58,380
+universal pronoun. Okay, nothing. So here we have
+
+117
+00:11:58,380 --> 00:12:02,540
+part of speech. Let's say for example, out of
+
+118
+00:12:02,540 --> 00:12:05,780
+work. Out of work, out.
+
+119
+00:12:08,560 --> 00:12:13,500
+can be adverb can be also preposition can be here
+
+120
+00:12:13,500 --> 00:12:20,440
+as adverb of preposition work so it is part of
+
+121
+00:12:20,440 --> 00:12:26,020
+speech okay we have coordination when I say for
+
+122
+00:12:26,020 --> 00:12:30,920
+example black and white black and white black is
+
+123
+00:12:30,920 --> 00:12:37,410
+adjective and coordinator then we have white
+
+124
+00:12:37,410 --> 00:12:41,730
+another adjective black and white fish and ships
+
+125
+00:12:41,730 --> 00:12:51,050
+fish and ships again noun conjunction noun okay so
+
+126
+00:12:51,050 --> 00:12:58,510
+the relationship here is coordination the
+
+127
+00:12:58,510 --> 00:13:02,170
+relationship can be verb and adjunct or object
+
+128
+00:13:02,170 --> 00:13:08,360
+when I say for example cease fire sees the verb
+
+129
+00:13:08,360 --> 00:13:16,380
+where it is object break
+
+130
+00:13:16,380 --> 00:13:26,980
+down break verb down adverb so the relation is
+
+131
+00:13:26,980 --> 00:13:34,140
+verb and adverb or object the adverb is an
+
+132
+00:13:34,140 --> 00:13:37,300
+adverbial. It is a verb. We have three types of
+
+133
+00:13:37,300 --> 00:13:44,000
+adverbials. Adjuncts, conjuncts, and disjuncts.
+
+134
+00:13:45,520 --> 00:13:50,040
+Okay? The adjunct is part of the sentence. If you
+
+135
+00:13:50,040 --> 00:13:53,340
+omit it, you change the meaning of the sentence.
+
+136
+00:13:53,980 --> 00:13:58,160
+However, the conjunct means the conjunctions which
+
+137
+00:13:58,160 --> 00:14:02,290
+you are familiar with. And the disjunct is
+
+138
+00:14:02,290 --> 00:14:05,150
+separated from the sentence by a comma. When I
+
+139
+00:14:05,150 --> 00:14:07,850
+say, for example, strictly speaking,
+
+140
+00:14:10,350 --> 00:14:16,750
+the prisoners exchange deal is the best all along
+
+141
+00:14:16,750 --> 00:14:20,070
+the history of the Palestinian issue.
+
+142
+00:14:26,790 --> 00:14:27,670
+Okay.
+
+143
+00:14:30,360 --> 00:14:35,860
+We have qualifier and noun like blackboard.
+
+144
+00:14:36,720 --> 00:14:42,040
+Blackboard. Qualifier means adjective. Board,
+
+145
+00:14:42,780 --> 00:14:47,180
+noun. Blackbird, the same thing.
+
+146
+00:14:50,560 --> 00:14:54,400
+When I say downtown,
+
+147
+00:14:55,680 --> 00:15:01,500
+this is adverb, noun. Okay? We have also adverb
+
+148
+00:15:01,500 --> 00:15:07,640
+verb, down power, down power, okay?
+
+149
+00:15:10,480 --> 00:15:13,760
+Afterplast, afterplast.
+
+150
+00:15:15,540 --> 00:15:19,740
+We have also adjective or sorry adverb noun, when
+
+151
+00:15:19,740 --> 00:15:24,740
+I say outpost, outpost, نقطة مراقبة يعني.
+
+152
+00:15:28,410 --> 00:15:31,010
+The first element may be considered as a subject.
+
+153
+00:15:31,130 --> 00:15:36,590
+When I say they break, they is subject. Break is a
+
+154
+00:15:36,590 --> 00:15:42,890
+verb. The first element can be an object. When I
+
+155
+00:15:42,890 --> 00:15:48,490
+say blood shed, blood shed. Who sheds the blood?
+
+156
+00:15:50,690 --> 00:15:54,390
+So blood here is an object. Okay?
+
+157
+00:15:58,900 --> 00:16:01,640
+We have what is called semantic relationship
+
+158
+00:16:01,640 --> 00:16:09,120
+between these elements of compounds. Okay? So we
+
+159
+00:16:09,120 --> 00:16:15,100
+have the first element denotes place.
+
+160
+00:16:18,720 --> 00:16:25,440
+When I say, for example, headache. Headache. Where
+
+161
+00:16:25,440 --> 00:16:29,030
+is the ache? It is in the head. So this is place.
+
+162
+00:16:29,630 --> 00:16:33,550
+Okay? The first element can denote time. When I
+
+163
+00:16:33,550 --> 00:16:42,850
+say nightclub, nightclub, night is time. Okay? The
+
+164
+00:16:42,850 --> 00:16:49,330
+first element can mean means or instrument. When I
+
+165
+00:16:49,330 --> 00:16:56,030
+say, for example, handwriting. Handwriting. Okay?
+
+166
+00:16:56,650 --> 00:16:57,230
+Hand.
+
+167
+00:17:02,790 --> 00:17:05,570
+The first element can denote resemblance.
+
+168
+00:17:07,910 --> 00:17:14,010
+When I say, for example, goldfish. Gold is the
+
+169
+00:17:14,010 --> 00:17:17,890
+resemblance element. The fish is like gold. So it
+
+170
+00:17:17,890 --> 00:17:24,370
+is goldfish. The first element can denote sex,
+
+171
+00:17:24,770 --> 00:17:27,460
+like Maid servant.
+
+172
+00:17:30,680 --> 00:17:35,860
+Maid servant. Lady doctor.
+
+173
+00:17:36,880 --> 00:17:41,680
+Yes. The first element can denote also purpose.
+
+174
+00:17:42,460 --> 00:17:47,460
+When I say tea bag, and the bag is for tea. Tea
+
+175
+00:17:47,460 --> 00:17:49,780
+bag. Tea bag.
+
+176
+00:17:52,500 --> 00:17:59,090
+Tea glass. Tea cup. Okay?
+
+177
+00:18:03,150 --> 00:18:08,830
+Now, the semantic types of compounds. The semantic
+
+178
+00:18:08,830 --> 00:18:15,810
+types of compounds. We have two types, endocentric
+
+179
+00:18:15,810 --> 00:18:23,090
+and exocentric. In the endocentric, the first
+
+180
+00:18:23,090 --> 00:18:28,030
+element denotes the meaning of the whole compound.
+
+181
+00:18:28,800 --> 00:18:32,620
+However, in the exocentric compound, you cannot
+
+182
+00:18:32,620 --> 00:18:35,620
+deduce the meaning from the structure of the
+
+183
+00:18:35,620 --> 00:18:39,500
+compound. So, in endocentric, the meaning of the
+
+184
+00:18:39,500 --> 00:18:42,480
+compound is classified according to the meaning of
+
+185
+00:18:42,480 --> 00:18:48,660
+its components. Dog food. This is a food for dogs.
+
+186
+00:18:49,920 --> 00:18:53,180
+However, in exocentric, the meaning of the
+
+187
+00:18:53,180 --> 00:18:57,400
+compound does not result from its component. So,
+
+188
+00:18:57,480 --> 00:18:58,380
+in, say, redhead,
+
+189
+00:19:01,540 --> 00:19:09,320
+It is not a type of head, okay? So the meaning is
+
+190
+00:19:09,320 --> 00:19:14,060
+different. You cannot deduce the meaning from the
+
+191
+00:19:14,060 --> 00:19:16,900
+compound and here it is called exocentric
+
+192
+00:19:16,900 --> 00:19:17,960
+compound.
+
+193
+00:19:20,540 --> 00:19:23,560
+Now, for the formation of the compound, we have
+
+194
+00:19:23,560 --> 00:19:26,580
+three types. As I told you, we have solid
+
+195
+00:19:26,580 --> 00:19:31,630
+compounds, hyphenated compounds and spaced
+
+196
+00:19:31,630 --> 00:19:38,270
+compounds or open compounds. When I say, for
+
+197
+00:19:38,270 --> 00:19:38,770
+example,
+
+198
+00:19:42,110 --> 00:19:46,370
+the solid compounds or closed form, this consists
+
+199
+00:19:46,370 --> 00:19:53,680
+of monosyllabic units, low suit, low suit, low, is
+
+200
+00:19:53,680 --> 00:19:58,240
+one syllabic word. Suit, the same. Wallpaper,
+
+201
+00:19:59,180 --> 00:20:03,820
+okay? Makeup, makeup, okay?
+
+202
+00:20:06,380 --> 00:20:10,100
+So you don't have any space between the two
+
+203
+00:20:10,100 --> 00:20:14,740
+elements. It is
+
+223
+00:21:55,110 --> 00:21:57,870
+element, blackboard.
+
+224
+00:22:00,030 --> 00:22:03,330
+And this is called endocentric compound.
+
+225
+00:22:03,630 --> 00:22:08,230
+Endocentric compound, which we mentioned
+
+226
+00:22:08,230 --> 00:22:11,270
+semantically that we have two types of compounds.
+
+227
+00:22:11,370 --> 00:22:17,420
+What are they? Endocentric and exocentric. Okay?
+
+228
+00:22:17,900 --> 00:22:21,560
+So for the endocentric compound, here the meaning
+
+229
+00:22:21,560 --> 00:22:24,840
+is attributed to the first element, blackboard.
+
+230
+00:22:26,680 --> 00:22:27,400
+Okay?
+
+231
+00:22:30,100 --> 00:22:33,960
+Now, we have the meaning cannot be deduced from
+
+232
+00:22:33,960 --> 00:22:36,900
+the first element, and this is called exocentric,
+
+233
+00:22:37,040 --> 00:22:43,340
+as we mentioned. Okay? For example, photo store,
+
+234
+00:22:43,580 --> 00:22:49,980
+photo stool. Armchair. Office manager. The meaning
+
+235
+00:22:49,980 --> 00:22:54,380
+cannot be deduced from the first element. Okay?
+
+236
+00:22:55,640 --> 00:22:58,980
+Also, we have the third type. This is called
+
+237
+00:22:58,980 --> 00:23:05,300
+generalization. Okay? Where the meaning is deduced
+
+238
+00:23:05,300 --> 00:23:09,120
+from the two units, the first element and the
+
+239
+00:23:09,120 --> 00:23:12,400
+second element. Fighter bomber.
+
+240
+00:23:15,240 --> 00:23:23,260
+Muqatila. Okay? Fighter-bomber. The jets which
+
+241
+00:23:23,260 --> 00:23:29,480
+bombard bombs or rockets or missiles on the
+
+242
+00:23:29,480 --> 00:23:34,740
+enemies of the other side. Fighter-bomber.
+
+243
+00:23:38,760 --> 00:23:44,480
+As those we met during the Al Furqan War. Okay?
+
+244
+00:23:48,910 --> 00:23:53,590
+where they bombarded nearly million tons of bombs
+
+245
+00:23:53,590 --> 00:23:56,250
+upon Gaza.
+
+246
+00:23:59,490 --> 00:24:03,010
+Fighter-bomber. It's an aircraft which is both
+
+247
+00:24:03,010 --> 00:24:05,110
+fighter and a bomber.
+
+248
+00:24:09,860 --> 00:24:13,720
+We have compound adjectives, compound nouns,
+
+249
+00:24:14,020 --> 00:24:17,860
+compound verbs, compound adverbs, and even
+
+250
+00:24:17,860 --> 00:24:23,540
+compound prepositions or conjunctions. Okay? Let's
+
+251
+00:24:23,540 --> 00:24:27,980
+see the compound adjectives. We have solid
+
+252
+00:24:27,980 --> 00:24:34,420
+compounds. We have hyphenated and maybe open
+
+253
+00:24:34,420 --> 00:24:41,310
+compounds. When I say, for example, over time, ear
+
+254
+00:24:41,310 --> 00:24:48,230
+splitting, eye catching, downtown, city center.
+
+255
+00:24:49,110 --> 00:24:52,830
+Okay? It is solid, as you see. There is no space,
+
+256
+00:24:53,370 --> 00:24:59,630
+no hyphen. Okay? The number preceding the word
+
+257
+00:24:59,630 --> 00:25:05,150
+fold comes out with a solid compound. When I say,
+
+258
+00:25:05,230 --> 00:25:11,310
+for example, sixfold, fifteenfold. Also, all
+
+259
+00:25:11,310 --> 00:25:16,810
+points of compass are
+
+260
+00:25:16,810 --> 00:25:23,050
+also solid, northwest, northwestern.
+
+261
+00:25:26,790 --> 00:25:31,070
+Now, we need to see, we spoke about the solid
+
+262
+00:25:31,070 --> 00:25:36,090
+adjectives. Now we need to see the hyphenated
+
+263
+00:25:36,090 --> 00:25:40,250
+adjectives. The hyphenated compound adjectives.
+
+264
+00:25:43,410 --> 00:25:47,170
+If there be adjective preceding a noun, this is
+
+265
+00:25:47,170 --> 00:25:51,310
+estimate rules. We don't introduce clear-cut rules
+
+266
+00:25:51,310 --> 00:25:55,910
+or very accurate rules. These are estimate. Okay?
+
+267
+00:25:57,410 --> 00:26:04,490
+So, round table. Round table. This is compound.
+
+268
+00:26:04,950 --> 00:26:11,620
+Blue sky. So, round is an adjective, blue is
+
+269
+00:26:11,620 --> 00:26:16,880
+adjective as well. Both of them precede the noun,
+
+270
+00:26:17,460 --> 00:26:24,460
+table and sky. We have verb preceding an adjective
+
+271
+00:26:24,460 --> 00:26:30,080
+or adverb. When I say, for example, feel good
+
+272
+00:26:30,080 --> 00:26:36,990
+factor. Feel good factor. Feel is a verb. Good
+
+273
+00:26:36,990 --> 00:26:42,310
+adjective. Verb preceding a preposition. If you
+
+274
+00:26:42,310 --> 00:26:45,290
+have this, then you have a hyphen between the
+
+275
+00:26:45,290 --> 00:26:49,890
+first element and the second element. Okay? If you
+
+276
+00:26:49,890 --> 00:26:53,990
+have verb and preposition, this is stick on label.
+
+277
+00:26:55,070 --> 00:27:00,070
+Stick on label. So you have a hyphen between the
+
+278
+00:27:00,070 --> 00:27:06,780
+verb and the preposition. Stand by. Stand by. So
+
+279
+00:27:06,780 --> 00:27:11,180
+you have a hyphen between the preposition and the
+
+280
+00:27:11,180 --> 00:27:19,060
+verb If you have adjective preceding a noun ending
+
+281
+00:27:19,060 --> 00:27:23,600
+with ed then you have a hyphen between the
+
+282
+00:27:23,600 --> 00:27:30,280
+adjective and this noun which ends with ed as in
+
+283
+00:27:30,280 --> 00:27:37,620
+middle aged lady Middle aged lady Middle-aged. You
+
+284
+00:27:37,620 --> 00:27:38,260
+have a hyphen.
+
+285
+00:27:41,140 --> 00:27:45,660
+If you have an adjective or a noun or adverb
+
+286
+00:27:45,660 --> 00:27:49,120
+preceding pleasant participant, then also you have
+
+287
+00:27:49,120 --> 00:27:55,660
+a hyphen. Long-lasting affair. Long-lasting. Long
+
+288
+00:27:55,660 --> 00:27:59,100
+-lasting. Then you have a hyphen between long, the
+
+289
+00:27:59,100 --> 00:28:03,780
+adjective, and lasting. Okay? If you have numbers,
+
+290
+00:28:05,510 --> 00:28:11,210
+Spilled out or as numerous, once we have 30 piece
+
+291
+00:28:11,210 --> 00:28:17,490
+hand. 30 piece hand. 30 then hyphen, piece. Three
+
+292
+00:28:17,490 --> 00:28:20,750
+-day vacation.
+
+293
+00:28:23,950 --> 00:28:28,870
+Okay? Three-week trip.
+
+294
+00:28:32,970 --> 00:28:34,010
+Okay?
+
+295
+00:28:40,960 --> 00:28:45,540
+So you have a hyphen between the number and the
+
+296
+00:28:45,540 --> 00:28:54,360
+noun. You have adjectives with the word high or
+
+297
+00:28:54,360 --> 00:28:54,720
+low.
+
+298
+00:28:57,720 --> 00:29:01,000
+This comes out with compound adjectives. Once you
+
+299
+00:29:01,000 --> 00:29:04,950
+have high and then the completion of the adjective
+
+300
+00:29:04,950 --> 00:29:08,410
+either by using noun or whatever then it is
+
+301
+00:29:08,410 --> 00:29:11,950
+separated by a hyphen when I say high level
+
+302
+00:29:11,950 --> 00:29:20,230
+discussion high level discussion okay so these are
+
+303
+00:29:20,230 --> 00:29:23,990
+the types of hyphenated compound adjectives you
+
+304
+00:29:23,990 --> 00:29:26,530
+have to understand them very neatly very
+
+305
+00:29:26,530 --> 00:29:30,930
+accurately and apply them on your writing okay
+
+306
+00:29:30,930 --> 00:29:36,940
+it's very very important Okay? In writing, the
+
+307
+00:29:36,940 --> 00:29:40,860
+hyphen is very famous in English, but not in
+
+308
+00:29:40,860 --> 00:29:44,820
+Arabic. We don't have hyphenation in Arabic. We
+
+309
+00:29:44,820 --> 00:29:47,960
+have it in English. So all mistakes or all errors
+
+310
+00:29:47,960 --> 00:29:52,160
+committed in this field are related to
+
+311
+00:29:52,160 --> 00:29:54,680
+interlingual errors or interlingual errors?
+
+312
+00:29:55,880 --> 00:29:59,540
+Interlingual errors because they derive from the
+
+313
+00:29:59,540 --> 00:30:01,300
+difficulty of the language.
+
+314
+00:30:05,030 --> 00:30:08,430
+We have compound verbs. We've seen compound
+
+315
+00:30:08,430 --> 00:30:17,110
+adjectives. Now we have compound verbs. Okay. The
+
+316
+00:30:17,110 --> 00:30:20,030
+verb. The compound verb always consists or mostly
+
+317
+00:30:20,030 --> 00:30:24,290
+consists of modifier modifier and the verb. The
+
+318
+00:30:24,290 --> 00:30:32,250
+modifier can be usually preposition or adverb. Can
+
+319
+00:30:32,250 --> 00:30:35,330
+be an adjective. And can be a noun as well.
+
+320
+00:30:36,330 --> 00:30:45,610
+Overrate, overrate, downsize, whitewash, browbeat,
+
+321
+00:30:47,130 --> 00:30:58,110
+overrun, overdrawn, overdrafted. Okay? So you have
+
+322
+00:30:58,110 --> 00:31:03,230
+the modifier as preposition here. Or it can be an
+
+323
+00:31:03,230 --> 00:31:10,630
+adverb or adjective or a noun. Overrate, this is
+
+324
+00:31:10,630 --> 00:31:15,370
+adjective, the first element. Downsize, whitewash,
+
+325
+00:31:16,190 --> 00:31:20,470
+browbeat. Adjective, whitewash, browbeat, this is
+
+326
+00:31:20,470 --> 00:31:21,210
+noun.
+
+327
+00:31:24,210 --> 00:31:30,490
+The phrasal verbs are not hyphenated. All phrasal
+
+328
+00:31:30,490 --> 00:31:41,750
+verbs are not hyphenated. So, run out of, give in,
+
+329
+00:31:42,470 --> 00:31:49,770
+find out, look after, claim on, look up to, etc.
+
+330
+00:31:50,390 --> 00:31:52,610
+They are not hyphenated at all.
+
+331
+00:31:57,670 --> 00:32:00,670
+So we need to terminate on compounding in Arabic,
+
+332
+00:32:01,350 --> 00:32:05,290
+and next time we need to see the activities for
+
+333
+00:32:05,290 --> 00:32:10,750
+teaching compounding and other forms of word
+
+334
+00:32:10,750 --> 00:32:15,490
+formations, derivation, and inflection. Okay, so
+
+335
+00:32:15,490 --> 00:32:19,030
+please come next time ready for introducing your
+
+336
+00:32:19,030 --> 00:32:24,530
+activities for teaching word formation with its
+
+337
+00:32:24,530 --> 00:32:28,010
+three types, derivation, inflection, and
+
+338
+00:32:28,010 --> 00:32:30,710
+compounding. That's it for today. Thank you.

PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/iV1MFTwK7kY_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,2024 @@
+1
+00:00:15,880 --> 00:00:19,760
+Today, inshallah, we are going to speak about the
+
+2
+00:00:19,760 --> 00:00:24,260
+activities for teaching the sound system. So, we
+
+3
+00:00:24,260 --> 00:00:27,560
+are going to introduce some activities for or
+
+4
+00:00:27,560 --> 00:00:31,180
+recommendations for you for teaching the sound
+
+5
+00:00:31,180 --> 00:00:35,520
+system of English, the sound in isolation. How to
+
+6
+00:00:35,520 --> 00:00:39,600
+teach the consonants, the vowels with all their
+
+7
+00:00:39,600 --> 00:00:45,820
+types. How to teach the 24 consonants, the seven
+
+8
+00:00:45,820 --> 00:00:51,320
+short vowels, the five long vowels, and the seven
+
+9
+00:00:51,320 --> 00:00:53,000
+diphthongs and others.
+
+10
+00:00:56,380 --> 00:01:03,000
+So we recommend some activities that can help in
+
+11
+00:01:03,000 --> 00:01:06,740
+teaching English and let you just convey your
+
+12
+00:01:06,740 --> 00:01:10,540
+message in a shortcut way to the minds of your
+
+13
+00:01:10,540 --> 00:01:16,720
+students very simply and very easily. So first of
+
+14
+00:01:16,720 --> 00:01:21,500
+all, you speak about the sound system. So this
+
+15
+00:01:21,500 --> 00:01:26,720
+means that you as teachers must be very fluent and
+
+16
+00:01:26,720 --> 00:01:31,600
+very competent, very proficient in pronouncing the
+
+17
+00:01:31,600 --> 00:01:37,960
+sound system efficiently and correctly. So, in
+
+18
+00:01:37,960 --> 00:01:43,600
+this slide, I recommend you just to introduce
+
+19
+00:01:43,600 --> 00:01:48,840
+native speakers inside the class. This is by
+
+20
+00:01:48,840 --> 00:01:54,070
+consulting websites for pronouncing the sound
+
+21
+00:01:54,070 --> 00:01:57,230
+systems of English like the website in front of
+
+22
+00:01:57,230 --> 00:02:04,110
+you, this one. So it pronounces all sounds of
+
+23
+00:02:04,110 --> 00:02:07,650
+English. So this will make it easy for your
+
+24
+00:02:07,650 --> 00:02:11,770
+students to imitate because imitation is one of
+
+25
+00:02:11,770 --> 00:02:15,310
+the most important conditions of learning the
+
+26
+00:02:15,310 --> 00:02:18,050
+language, either the first language or even the
+
+27
+00:02:18,050 --> 00:02:18,850
+second language.
+
+28
+00:02:23,300 --> 00:02:28,300
+Now, you as teachers can just facilitate the
+
+29
+00:02:28,300 --> 00:02:31,580
+process of understanding the sound system for your
+
+30
+00:02:31,580 --> 00:02:35,980
+students by selecting just suitable activities for
+
+31
+00:02:35,980 --> 00:02:39,640
+teaching sounds. One of these sounds is the
+
+32
+00:02:39,640 --> 00:02:45,060
+minimal pairs. You introduce two words which are
+
+33
+00:02:45,060 --> 00:02:49,160
+similar to each other except in one sound, like
+
+34
+00:02:49,160 --> 00:02:52,020
+pen. Ben.
+
+35
+00:02:55,360 --> 00:02:59,700
+When I say, for example, Ben, which one? The
+
+36
+00:02:59,700 --> 00:03:11,260
+first, yes. Pay, pay. Pound, pound. Okay? So this
+
+37
+00:03:11,260 --> 00:03:14,560
+minimal pair activity can be applicable to all
+
+38
+00:03:14,560 --> 00:03:17,700
+sounds of English, which are similar to each
+
+39
+00:03:17,700 --> 00:03:28,200
+other. The, for example, the d, t, s, z, f, z, f,
+
+40
+00:03:28,700 --> 00:03:32,520
+z, okay? Sounds which are quite similar to each
+
+41
+00:03:32,520 --> 00:03:34,980
+other can be introduced in minimal pairs as you
+
+42
+00:03:34,980 --> 00:03:39,960
+see. Also, you can use or associate the sound with
+
+43
+00:03:39,960 --> 00:03:43,160
+the most common graphic representation. We have
+
+44
+00:03:43,160 --> 00:03:46,560
+the long sound or the long vowel E, for example.
+
+45
+00:03:48,550 --> 00:03:51,230
+So you can introduce some words which have this
+
+46
+00:03:51,230 --> 00:03:55,870
+sound very clearly available in the word you
+
+47
+00:03:55,870 --> 00:03:59,990
+introduce. So we can say, for example, seek, see,
+
+48
+00:04:00,970 --> 00:04:08,990
+feet, receive, conceive, defeat, beat, eat, etc.
+
+49
+00:04:10,290 --> 00:04:14,690
+So this will facilitate the process of
+
+50
+00:04:14,690 --> 00:04:18,070
+understanding and imitation for your students.
+
+51
+00:04:21,340 --> 00:04:26,160
+If you teach adult students, you can introduce the
+
+52
+00:04:26,160 --> 00:04:29,160
+manner and place of articulation for your
+
+53
+00:04:29,160 --> 00:04:33,360
+students, and this can be done through facial
+
+54
+00:04:33,360 --> 00:04:37,900
+movement, like lip rounding and tongue movement,
+
+55
+00:04:38,600 --> 00:04:47,250
+as in the two long vowels, O, O, and O. So your
+
+56
+00:04:47,250 --> 00:04:52,390
+students notice the shape of your lips around.
+
+57
+00:04:55,150 --> 00:05:02,130
+One of the most useful ways of introducing the
+
+58
+00:05:02,130 --> 00:05:05,570
+sound systems of English inside the class is just
+
+59
+00:05:05,570 --> 00:05:09,950
+through introducing songs and rhymes mainly with
+
+60
+00:05:09,950 --> 00:05:14,130
+youngsters, I mean young learners. This can be
+
+61
+00:05:14,130 --> 00:05:18,910
+done through tapes by native speakers. So if you
+
+62
+00:05:18,910 --> 00:05:23,730
+need to teach, for example, the trill sound, ra.
+
+63
+00:05:25,890 --> 00:05:30,730
+Okay? This trill sound, this flat sound, sorry,
+
+64
+00:05:31,910 --> 00:05:36,590
+trill in Arabic, but flat in English. So this is
+
+65
+00:05:36,590 --> 00:05:41,130
+flat in English. Retroflex in American English. So
+
+66
+00:05:41,130 --> 00:05:43,370
+this sound can be introduced through this
+
+67
+00:05:43,370 --> 00:05:47,070
+sentence, for example, round and round the ragged
+
+68
+00:05:47,070 --> 00:05:51,310
+rock, the ragged rascal run. So you ask your
+
+69
+00:05:51,310 --> 00:05:54,950
+students to repeat the sentence, okay? The more
+
+70
+00:05:54,950 --> 00:05:57,790
+adequately they repeat the sentence, the more they
+
+71
+00:05:57,790 --> 00:06:01,610
+understand the pronunciation of the sound ra,
+
+72
+00:06:02,030 --> 00:06:02,670
+okay?
+
+73
+00:06:07,500 --> 00:06:09,600
+You know the clusterization system is quite
+
+74
+00:06:09,600 --> 00:06:12,600
+difficult for our students, mainly because they
+
+75
+00:06:12,600 --> 00:06:15,700
+fracture it by inserting one of the short vowels
+
+76
+00:06:15,700 --> 00:06:19,140
+of Arabic. Because in Arabic, you know, we have
+
+77
+00:06:19,140 --> 00:06:22,800
+three sounds, denominative, accusative, and
+
+78
+00:06:22,800 --> 00:06:26,320
+genitive. So you have your students just introduce
+
+79
+00:06:26,320 --> 00:06:31,180
+the short vowel between the clusters. So instead
+
+80
+00:06:31,180 --> 00:06:35,760
+of saying, for example, street, they say street or
+
+81
+00:06:36,240 --> 00:06:42,740
+street or street, and this is wrong. So you can
+
+82
+00:06:42,740 --> 00:06:46,520
+draw the attention of your students to the system
+
+83
+00:06:46,520 --> 00:06:49,320
+of the clusterization system of the clusterization
+
+84
+00:06:49,320 --> 00:06:51,100
+or clusters in English.
+
+85
+00:06:54,580 --> 00:06:56,900
+Also, you can draw the attention of your students,
+
+86
+00:06:57,040 --> 00:07:00,100
+I speak about the adult students, the mutual
+
+87
+00:07:00,100 --> 00:07:03,680
+students. You can draw their attention to the
+
+88
+00:07:03,680 --> 00:07:08,890
+difference which do not appear In Arabic, in
+
+89
+00:07:08,890 --> 00:07:14,710
+standard Arabic, we know that we only have two
+
+90
+00:07:14,710 --> 00:07:20,230
+diphthongs in Arabic, aw and ay. However, the rest
+
+91
+00:07:20,230 --> 00:07:23,990
+five diphthongs are not found in Arabic. So try to
+
+92
+00:07:23,990 --> 00:07:27,730
+introduce these five diphthongs to your students
+
+93
+00:07:27,730 --> 00:07:31,870
+and inform them that these sounds don't have
+
+94
+00:07:31,870 --> 00:07:37,800
+equivalence in your mother tongue. Okay? So more
+
+95
+00:07:37,800 --> 00:07:42,400
+focus on these sounds will guarantee the correct
+
+96
+00:07:42,400 --> 00:07:46,420
+pronunciation of
+
+97
+00:07:46,420 --> 00:07:48,740
+them by your students, definitely.
+
+98
+00:07:53,540 --> 00:07:56,120
+You must, since you teach English, you must
+
+99
+00:07:56,120 --> 00:08:00,300
+introduce natural English inside the class. This
+
+100
+00:08:00,300 --> 00:08:04,220
+can be done through introducing tapes, videos,
+
+101
+00:08:04,900 --> 00:08:09,000
+CDs, or even native speakers, you can be invited
+
+102
+00:08:09,000 --> 00:08:13,720
+to come to the class for chatting with the
+
+103
+00:08:13,720 --> 00:08:18,160
+students, mainly if you teach secondary stage or
+
+104
+00:08:18,160 --> 00:08:19,340
+advanced levels.
+
+105
+00:08:22,920 --> 00:08:26,360
+Also, you can introduce just for facilitating the
+
+106
+00:08:26,360 --> 00:08:29,440
+process of learning, you can introduce sounds
+
+107
+00:08:29,440 --> 00:08:34,600
+which are identical in both English and Arabic. We
+
+108
+00:08:34,600 --> 00:08:37,360
+have spoken about the place of articulation and
+
+109
+00:08:37,360 --> 00:08:40,760
+told you that the bilabial sounds are quite
+
+110
+00:08:40,760 --> 00:08:43,040
+difficult mainly because we have two sounds which
+
+111
+00:08:43,040 --> 00:08:48,820
+are not found in Arabic. B and P sound. What about
+
+112
+00:08:48,820 --> 00:08:54,820
+M and W sound? These two sounds, the final sounds
+
+113
+00:08:54,820 --> 00:08:59,220
+M and W are found in Arabic. So you can easily
+
+114
+00:08:59,220 --> 00:09:03,760
+bring them. This will let your students quickly
+
+115
+00:09:03,760 --> 00:09:08,980
+absorb and correctly pronounce such two sounds.
+
+116
+00:09:14,640 --> 00:09:20,780
+Again, just for the adult students, you can
+
+117
+00:09:20,780 --> 00:09:24,180
+introduce them or identify them to the
+
+118
+00:09:24,180 --> 00:09:27,840
+articulatory differences between sounds in
+
+119
+00:09:27,840 --> 00:09:32,580
+standard Arabic and English. We've seen the schwa
+
+120
+00:09:32,580 --> 00:09:35,300
+system, which is not found in Arabic, the weak
+
+121
+00:09:35,300 --> 00:09:38,440
+forms. We've seen the clusterization system, which
+
+122
+00:09:38,440 --> 00:09:42,520
+is not found in Arabic. We have only two clusters
+
+123
+00:09:42,520 --> 00:09:45,680
+at the end of a word in Arabic. However, in
+
+124
+00:09:45,680 --> 00:09:49,280
+English, we have seven clusters. We speak about
+
+125
+00:09:49,280 --> 00:09:53,280
+the alveolar sounds, which are dental in Arabic.
+
+126
+00:09:54,290 --> 00:09:56,650
+We speak about sounds which are not available in
+
+127
+00:09:56,650 --> 00:10:02,930
+Arabic, such as the v sound. The v sound is not
+
+128
+00:10:02,930 --> 00:10:09,410
+found in many of the dialects of Arabic or the
+
+129
+00:10:09,410 --> 00:10:15,590
+vernaculars of Arabic. Still, we have sounds which
+
+130
+00:10:15,590 --> 00:10:19,890
+are introduced in English wrongly, mainly The
+
+131
+00:10:19,890 --> 00:10:23,630
+Hamza, the ah sound, the glottal sound ah, is not
+
+132
+00:10:23,630 --> 00:10:26,890
+found in English. Okay? So you have your students
+
+133
+00:10:26,890 --> 00:10:31,450
+shift it to English producing sounds wrongly.
+
+134
+00:10:31,730 --> 00:10:34,930
+Instead of saying, for example, about, you say
+
+135
+00:10:34,930 --> 00:10:42,090
+about, above, above. Okay? Which is wrong. So you
+
+136
+00:10:42,090 --> 00:10:44,550
+can introduce your students to these difficulties
+
+137
+00:10:44,550 --> 00:10:48,350
+at the beginning. just to show them that Arabic
+
+138
+00:10:48,350 --> 00:10:51,830
+English is completely different from Arabic. The
+
+139
+00:10:51,830 --> 00:10:54,710
+two languages do not relate to each other because
+
+140
+00:10:54,710 --> 00:10:58,170
+the first one, I mean English, is Indo-European
+
+141
+00:10:58,170 --> 00:11:01,630
+language while Arabic is semantic language. They
+
+142
+00:11:01,630 --> 00:11:07,170
+do not relate to each other except only in very
+
+143
+00:11:07,170 --> 00:11:11,610
+few areas, mainly in grammar. You might find some
+
+144
+00:11:11,610 --> 00:11:15,350
+similarities which can be identified later once I
+
+145
+00:11:15,350 --> 00:11:17,190
+speak about Grammar.
+
+146
+00:11:21,370 --> 00:11:25,690
+We can introduce games. Games are highly
+
+147
+00:11:25,690 --> 00:11:31,770
+recommended inside the class, okay? So we have a
+
+148
+00:11:31,770 --> 00:11:36,810
+game called Pictures and Sounds. This must be
+
+149
+00:11:36,810 --> 00:11:40,770
+introduced for mean, for youngsters, for the young
+
+150
+00:11:40,770 --> 00:11:43,990
+children, for the young pupils, okay?
+
+151
+00:11:46,960 --> 00:11:51,360
+For example, it can be a picture for a pot and a
+
+152
+00:11:51,360 --> 00:11:57,680
+port, sheep and ship. Okay, you ask, what's this?
+
+153
+00:11:58,240 --> 00:12:02,480
+What's that? Is this a ship? No, it's a sheep.
+
+154
+00:12:03,540 --> 00:12:08,240
+Okay, you can ask your students. You can mark or
+
+155
+00:12:08,240 --> 00:12:14,220
+number the pictures and ask about the number of
+
+156
+00:12:14,220 --> 00:12:20,360
+the ship. Picture number two. Sheep, number one.
+
+157
+00:12:20,940 --> 00:12:24,960
+So this will make your students easily understand
+
+158
+00:12:24,960 --> 00:12:34,080
+and pronounce perfectly. Hat and hut. Cart and
+
+159
+00:12:34,080 --> 00:12:41,680
+kite. Somebody thinking. Somebody thinking. So you
+
+160
+00:12:41,680 --> 00:12:44,200
+can introduce pictures for these
+
+161
+00:12:47,290 --> 00:12:51,110
+objects or devices. So this will make your
+
+162
+00:12:51,110 --> 00:12:55,470
+students relate between the sound and the picture.
+
+163
+00:12:55,790 --> 00:12:59,550
+Completely like the child once learning the
+
+164
+00:12:59,550 --> 00:13:06,770
+materialistic devices. Once learning the mother
+
+165
+00:13:06,770 --> 00:13:11,470
+tongue. This is called language acquisition. So
+
+166
+00:13:11,470 --> 00:13:14,890
+hat and heart. You can ask your students, do you
+
+167
+00:13:14,890 --> 00:13:20,010
+live in a hat? No, I live in a hut. I wear a hat.
+
+168
+00:13:21,810 --> 00:13:28,530
+Okay? I wear a hat. Sorry. Okay? Cart, kite. You
+
+169
+00:13:28,530 --> 00:13:31,470
+can ask the same questions. So this will make,
+
+170
+00:13:31,770 --> 00:13:35,110
+this will activate your class. Okay? And draw the
+
+171
+00:13:35,110 --> 00:13:37,810
+attention of your students to you. Okay?
+
+172
+00:13:41,130 --> 00:13:46,300
+Do people wear on their heads hats? No, they wear
+
+173
+00:13:46,300 --> 00:13:54,080
+hats. Does anyone live in a hat? No, we live in
+
+174
+00:13:54,080 --> 00:13:57,500
+hats, okay? And so on and so forth.
+
+175
+00:14:05,000 --> 00:14:10,210
+As I mentioned, the minimal pairs activity is
+
+176
+00:14:10,210 --> 00:14:12,690
+very, very important. You can introduce it also
+
+177
+00:14:12,690 --> 00:14:19,550
+for differentiating between two vowels. Pot, pot.
+
+178
+00:14:20,290 --> 00:14:26,410
+Spot, spot. Shot, shot. Cut, cut.
+
+179
+00:14:29,530 --> 00:14:34,410
+Okay? So you can use this activity for
+
+180
+00:14:34,410 --> 00:14:38,310
+differentiating between the short vowel and the
+
+181
+00:14:38,310 --> 00:14:40,000
+long vowel. Okay?
+
+182
+00:14:46,080 --> 00:14:49,320
+This can be done through the following steps.
+
+183
+00:14:50,640 --> 00:14:59,400
+Teacher says, for example, hot, got, hot. So in
+
+184
+00:14:59,400 --> 00:15:02,440
+this, you students notice the place of
+
+185
+00:15:02,440 --> 00:15:09,480
+articulation. Once you say hot, got, hot. Okay, we
+
+186
+00:15:09,480 --> 00:15:13,840
+speak about the O sound, the shape of your lips,
+
+187
+00:15:15,960 --> 00:15:19,700
+okay, whether they are rounded, for example, flat,
+
+188
+00:15:20,240 --> 00:15:22,580
+or unrounded, et cetera, or semi-rounded.
+
+189
+00:15:28,860 --> 00:15:34,180
+Here you have, you as teachers can repeat the
+
+190
+00:15:34,180 --> 00:15:37,870
+sounds and let your students follow you, repeat
+
+191
+00:15:37,870 --> 00:15:46,090
+after you, got, hot, what, offer. And here you can
+
+192
+00:15:46,090 --> 00:15:51,190
+use, here you can use the body language, okay? You
+
+193
+00:15:51,190 --> 00:15:56,390
+can let them notice the movement of your lips, the
+
+194
+00:15:56,390 --> 00:16:00,430
+movement of your mouth, so you can in pronouncing
+
+195
+00:16:00,430 --> 00:16:05,530
+this sound, You can ask them, open your mouth and
+
+196
+00:16:05,530 --> 00:16:10,290
+make your lips round. It's a short, oh, oh, oh,
+
+197
+00:16:10,590 --> 00:16:15,690
+oh. My sound is open and my lips are rounded. So
+
+198
+00:16:15,690 --> 00:16:21,430
+it's short sound. It's a short sound. Then you can
+
+199
+00:16:21,430 --> 00:16:24,870
+ask your students to read a list of words
+
+200
+00:16:24,870 --> 00:16:30,890
+containing this short vowel. then you can generate
+
+201
+00:16:30,890 --> 00:16:34,790
+this idea or this system on a number of other
+
+202
+00:16:34,790 --> 00:16:40,050
+words. Okay? You can ask your students to just
+
+203
+00:16:40,050 --> 00:16:46,530
+select or pronounce some other words from their
+
+204
+00:16:46,530 --> 00:16:51,850
+own. I mean words containing the same short sound
+
+205
+00:16:51,850 --> 00:16:52,310
+O.
+
+206
+00:16:57,880 --> 00:17:03,920
+This also can be applicable to the long vowel u. I
+
+207
+00:17:03,920 --> 00:17:08,580
+say, for example, floor, o, floor. Speak about the
+
+208
+00:17:08,580 --> 00:17:14,980
+long vowel o. Floor, low, boat. Okay? And you can
+
+209
+00:17:14,980 --> 00:17:16,980
+ask your students to notice the place of
+
+210
+00:17:16,980 --> 00:17:21,480
+articulation of the long vowel o. Okay? Then you
+
+211
+00:17:21,480 --> 00:17:24,820
+ask your students to repeat some words like water,
+
+212
+00:17:25,560 --> 00:17:29,880
+more, caught, fourth, which contain this long
+
+213
+00:17:29,880 --> 00:17:34,080
+vowel, okay? Then you ask your students to
+
+214
+00:17:34,080 --> 00:17:38,640
+pronounce the sound and inform them or describe
+
+215
+00:17:38,640 --> 00:17:42,180
+the shape of their mouth, okay? The shape of their
+
+216
+00:17:42,180 --> 00:17:45,740
+lips, the places of articulation of the sound, oh.
+
+217
+00:17:46,740 --> 00:17:49,220
+Push your lips, for example, push your lips
+
+218
+00:17:49,220 --> 00:17:54,680
+forward and make them round. Oh, oh, this is long
+
+219
+00:17:54,680 --> 00:18:00,420
+vowel or long sound. Then you ask some students to
+
+220
+00:18:00,420 --> 00:18:05,160
+read a list of words containing the sound or the
+
+221
+00:18:05,160 --> 00:18:07,240
+long vowel O, okay?
+
+222
+00:18:13,560 --> 00:18:19,360
+You can now put the short vowel O and the long
+
+223
+00:18:19,360 --> 00:18:23,440
+vowel O into words using the minimal pair
+
+224
+00:18:23,440 --> 00:18:30,740
+activity. Pot, pot, cut. caught, spot, sport,
+
+225
+00:18:31,420 --> 00:18:37,640
+shot, short. And then you can appoint some of the
+
+226
+00:18:37,640 --> 00:18:42,760
+students to read these words. Okay, you get that?
+
+227
+00:18:48,020 --> 00:18:50,440
+Now you can pronounce another activity,
+
+228
+00:18:50,620 --> 00:18:52,840
+pronouncing some words and you ask your students
+
+229
+00:18:52,840 --> 00:18:58,460
+to circle the word which is pronounced, okay? pot,
+
+230
+00:18:59,300 --> 00:19:08,380
+port, short, spot, pot, coat. So you ask yourself
+
+231
+00:19:08,380 --> 00:19:11,080
+to circle the words which you pronounce and then
+
+232
+00:19:11,080 --> 00:19:17,860
+you correct them, okay? You move around and see
+
+233
+00:19:17,860 --> 00:19:25,800
+their actions, whether they did well or not. The
+
+234
+00:19:25,800 --> 00:19:30,620
+same thing you have a number of words, you can
+
+235
+00:19:30,620 --> 00:19:33,120
+read some of them, and you ask your students to
+
+236
+00:19:33,120 --> 00:19:39,500
+circle the words which are pronounced. These are
+
+237
+00:19:39,500 --> 00:19:43,060
+some activities for teaching the sound system. But
+
+238
+00:19:43,060 --> 00:19:46,300
+still, we have lots of activities to be introduced
+
+239
+00:19:46,300 --> 00:19:49,820
+inside the class. It depends on the level of your
+
+240
+00:19:49,820 --> 00:19:52,760
+students, whether you teach at the junior school,
+
+241
+00:19:53,160 --> 00:19:55,640
+intermediate, or secondary classes.
+
+242
+00:19:58,040 --> 00:20:02,520
+We still have other activities for teaching the
+
+243
+00:20:02,520 --> 00:20:05,860
+supra-segmental phonemes, the stress, the
+
+244
+00:20:05,860 --> 00:20:10,300
+intonation, the rhythm, etc. Let's see the stress
+
+245
+00:20:10,300 --> 00:20:12,800
+system, which I have already explained to you.
+
+246
+00:20:15,020 --> 00:20:19,160
+First, you understand that the stress system is
+
+247
+00:20:19,160 --> 00:20:24,770
+quite difficult mainly because the System of
+
+248
+00:20:24,770 --> 00:20:28,430
+stress in Arabic is completely divergent from it
+
+249
+00:20:28,430 --> 00:20:33,350
+in English. Okay? So, we have weak forms in
+
+250
+00:20:33,350 --> 00:20:36,950
+English, but we don't have weak forms in Arabic.
+
+251
+00:20:40,170 --> 00:20:45,510
+In the sentence, you have the rhythm of the
+
+252
+00:20:45,510 --> 00:20:52,500
+sentence as stress timed rhythm. Or it is of time
+
+253
+00:20:52,500 --> 00:20:55,980
+intervals as we mentioned previously. This means
+
+254
+00:20:55,980 --> 00:20:59,980
+that every, not every single word stressed in
+
+255
+00:20:59,980 --> 00:21:04,700
+English, but Arabic is syllabic intervals, so
+
+256
+00:21:04,700 --> 00:21:07,020
+every single word is stressed.
+
+257
+00:21:10,060 --> 00:21:17,800
+كتب الولد تقريرا جيدا so كتب الولد تقريرا جيدا you
+
+258
+00:21:17,800 --> 00:21:22,000
+have four words every single word of these is
+
+259
+00:21:22,000 --> 00:21:26,020
+stressed the
+
+260
+00:21:26,020 --> 00:21:30,500
+big boy is written a good report the big boy is
+
+261
+00:21:30,500 --> 00:21:33,980
+written a good report this means in this sentence
+
+262
+00:21:33,980 --> 00:21:38,080
+not every single word is stressed okay you have
+
+263
+00:21:38,080 --> 00:21:45,450
+boy written report okay three words only mainly
+
+264
+00:21:45,450 --> 00:21:51,370
+because English is bound to time intervals and the
+
+265
+00:21:51,370 --> 00:21:54,650
+stress of English or the rhythm of English is
+
+266
+00:21:54,650 --> 00:21:59,290
+bound to time intervals not to syllable intervals
+
+267
+00:21:59,290 --> 00:22:04,770
+okay so After explaining these differences to your
+
+268
+00:22:04,770 --> 00:22:07,730
+students, you can introduce the stress system
+
+269
+00:22:07,730 --> 00:22:11,890
+through introducing activities for them to
+
+270
+00:22:11,890 --> 00:22:20,530
+understand. You first must recommend them to learn
+
+271
+00:22:20,530 --> 00:22:24,210
+the stress of every single word once they hear it.
+
+272
+00:22:25,550 --> 00:22:29,410
+This means that once you have a new word, you have
+
+273
+00:22:29,410 --> 00:22:33,080
+to Understand the pronunciation of such word with
+
+274
+00:22:33,080 --> 00:22:37,700
+its stress according to your dictionary, the
+
+275
+00:22:37,700 --> 00:22:42,660
+pronunciation dictionary, for example. You can, if
+
+276
+00:22:42,660 --> 00:22:45,160
+you teach adults, you can give generalizations
+
+277
+00:22:45,160 --> 00:22:51,600
+about the rules of stress, like what I did while
+
+278
+00:22:51,600 --> 00:22:55,340
+explaining the lecture to you. We introduced lots
+
+279
+00:22:55,340 --> 00:22:59,130
+of generalizations. I told you that Words ending
+
+280
+00:22:59,130 --> 00:23:04,510
+in T-I-O-N, S-I-O-N, or I-C have the stress in the
+
+281
+00:23:04,510 --> 00:23:07,730
+second syllable from the end. Words containing
+
+282
+00:23:07,730 --> 00:23:10,890
+long vowels or diphthongs have the stress on
+
+283
+00:23:10,890 --> 00:23:15,530
+either the long vowel or the diphthong. Every word
+
+284
+00:23:15,530 --> 00:23:18,890
+containing a diphthong has the stress on this
+
+285
+00:23:18,890 --> 00:23:21,970
+diphthong. If it contains a long vowel, the stress
+
+286
+00:23:21,970 --> 00:23:25,630
+is on the long vowel, and so on and so forth. We
+
+287
+00:23:25,630 --> 00:23:30,870
+introduced lots of rules about stress in the last
+
+288
+00:23:30,870 --> 00:23:34,610
+two lectures. So you can introduce these
+
+289
+00:23:34,610 --> 00:23:37,650
+generalizations for your students to let them
+
+290
+00:23:37,650 --> 00:23:42,310
+memorize, to let them easily memorize the rules.
+
+291
+00:23:42,950 --> 00:23:45,830
+By the run of time, they will pronounce English
+
+292
+00:23:45,830 --> 00:23:51,830
+subconsciously, like you pronounce Arabic. Because
+
+293
+00:23:51,830 --> 00:23:56,930
+once we pronounce Arabic, we have rules. which now
+
+294
+00:23:56,930 --> 00:24:02,050
+are scientifically called universal grammar rule.
+
+295
+00:24:02,390 --> 00:24:05,150
+This is Chomsky. You are familiar with the
+
+296
+00:24:05,150 --> 00:24:08,930
+government binding theory and see the modules of
+
+297
+00:24:08,930 --> 00:24:11,690
+universal grammar. So we have mental rules
+
+298
+00:24:11,690 --> 00:24:14,150
+available in mind. This is in your mental
+
+299
+00:24:14,150 --> 00:24:17,430
+dictionary. So you find that shall produce a
+
+300
+00:24:17,430 --> 00:24:22,310
+number of words without hesitating or without
+
+301
+00:24:22,310 --> 00:24:27,890
+stopping. pronounce or produce whatever sentences
+
+302
+00:24:27,890 --> 00:24:32,410
+you like. But you do not commit errors or mistakes
+
+303
+00:24:32,410 --> 00:24:36,030
+when pronouncing Arabic because you follow mental
+
+304
+00:24:36,030 --> 00:24:41,210
+rules available on your mental dictionary. This is
+
+305
+00:24:41,210 --> 00:24:45,410
+why because you speak Arabic subconsciously, you
+
+306
+00:24:45,410 --> 00:24:49,550
+master Arabic, you are very fluent in Arabic. The
+
+307
+00:24:49,550 --> 00:24:52,710
+time will come if you follow proper ways of
+
+308
+00:24:52,710 --> 00:24:55,470
+teaching, you'll find your students pronounce
+
+309
+00:24:55,470 --> 00:25:00,230
+English subconsciously and very, very fluently and
+
+310
+00:25:00,230 --> 00:25:05,050
+correctly. Okay? The rules will be stuck in their
+
+311
+00:25:05,050 --> 00:25:09,950
+minds and they will generate and produce English
+
+312
+00:25:09,950 --> 00:25:15,320
+very productively. Okay? So try to introduce
+
+313
+00:25:15,320 --> 00:25:19,700
+generalizations for the sound system and the
+
+314
+00:25:19,700 --> 00:25:22,840
+stress and the other suprasegmental phonemes of
+
+315
+00:25:22,840 --> 00:25:23,840
+English to your students.
+
+316
+00:25:27,200 --> 00:25:34,320
+Once you teach your classes, try to record the
+
+317
+00:25:34,320 --> 00:25:39,440
+mistakes your students commit. Once you count the
+
+318
+00:25:39,440 --> 00:25:43,050
+mistakes, you can introduce exercises These
+
+319
+00:25:43,050 --> 00:25:46,610
+mistakes speak about the sound system. So once you
+
+320
+00:25:46,610 --> 00:25:51,550
+introduce the mistakes through exercises to your
+
+321
+00:25:51,550 --> 00:25:55,110
+students, this will draw their attention to their
+
+322
+00:25:55,110 --> 00:25:59,430
+mistakes. Otherwise, if you have some individuals
+
+323
+00:25:59,430 --> 00:26:03,010
+who commit the same mistakes using, for example,
+
+324
+00:26:03,770 --> 00:26:06,250
+stereotyping error or what is called
+
+325
+00:26:06,250 --> 00:26:12,290
+fossilization, you can invite this student to your
+
+326
+00:26:12,290 --> 00:26:16,910
+teacher's room, to your office, or you can see him
+
+327
+00:26:16,910 --> 00:26:22,390
+just in the five-minute break between classes and
+
+328
+00:26:22,390 --> 00:26:27,470
+just remind him or her about his or her mistakes.
+
+329
+00:26:28,050 --> 00:26:32,800
+This will make you very intimate to your student,
+
+330
+00:26:33,520 --> 00:26:37,000
+will familiarize you to your students, will
+
+331
+00:26:37,000 --> 00:26:39,900
+familiarize the process of teaching to your
+
+332
+00:26:39,900 --> 00:26:44,580
+students. I am sure that this friendly way will
+
+333
+00:26:44,580 --> 00:26:49,080
+make your student very confident and will
+
+334
+00:26:49,080 --> 00:26:53,000
+encourage him or her to understand and to follow
+
+335
+00:26:53,000 --> 00:26:57,960
+you in your English classes very, very punctually,
+
+336
+00:26:58,280 --> 00:27:01,870
+very punctually. very neatly and very
+
+337
+00:27:01,870 --> 00:27:03,170
+attractively.
+
+338
+00:27:10,230 --> 00:27:18,110
+You can let them also listen to you and mark the
+
+339
+00:27:18,110 --> 00:27:18,930
+stressed words.
+
+340
+00:27:22,210 --> 00:27:28,090
+I love to row in my big blue boat. I love to row
+
+341
+00:27:28,090 --> 00:27:29,570
+in my big blue boat.
+
+342
+00:27:32,470 --> 00:27:36,850
+So we have row, big, boat. Okay?
+
+343
+00:27:51,290 --> 00:27:54,770
+My big blue boat, my big blue boat.
+
+344
+00:27:58,280 --> 00:28:02,600
+I love to row in my big blue boat out in the deep
+
+345
+00:28:02,600 --> 00:28:08,820
+blue sea. Once you repeat these sentences, you
+
+346
+00:28:08,820 --> 00:28:14,600
+notice you let your students notice your
+
+347
+00:28:14,600 --> 00:28:19,580
+pronunciation. When can you pronounce these words
+
+348
+00:28:19,580 --> 00:28:25,560
+in high pitch or low pitch, primary stress or weak
+
+349
+00:28:25,560 --> 00:28:26,520
+stress, etc.
+
+350
+00:28:29,550 --> 00:28:32,450
+Then you ask them to repeat after you or to read
+
+351
+00:28:32,450 --> 00:28:36,930
+individually. So if I ask some of you to read
+
+352
+00:28:36,930 --> 00:28:39,430
+these four sentences, who could manage to read
+
+353
+00:28:39,430 --> 00:28:42,790
+them? Who could manage to read these four
+
+354
+00:28:42,790 --> 00:28:43,690
+sentences to us?
+
+355
+00:28:51,890 --> 00:28:55,950
+Does anyone try to be courageous enough to read
+
+356
+00:28:55,950 --> 00:28:58,230
+the four sentences? Who can be?
+
+357
+00:29:07,080 --> 00:29:15,020
+I love to row my big blue boat. Next, yes. My big
+
+358
+00:29:15,020 --> 00:29:21,940
+blue boat. My big blue boat. I love to row in my
+
+359
+00:29:21,940 --> 00:29:27,540
+big blue boat. Yes. Out in the deep blue sea. Yes.
+
+360
+00:29:40,240 --> 00:29:47,540
+Excellent. So you have her voice rises just in
+
+361
+00:29:47,540 --> 00:29:52,280
+these marked words, these stressed words, okay?
+
+362
+00:29:52,680 --> 00:29:58,690
+Then her voice turn down a little bit. turns down
+
+363
+00:29:58,690 --> 00:30:02,510
+a little bit in the other words. These are what is
+
+364
+00:30:02,510 --> 00:30:05,430
+called the weak forms. Remember that we have weak
+
+365
+00:30:05,430 --> 00:30:08,250
+forms in English. You can generalize this to your
+
+366
+00:30:08,250 --> 00:30:13,070
+students stating that all prepositions, pronouns,
+
+367
+00:30:14,150 --> 00:30:18,550
+who could just remind me, conjunctions, one
+
+368
+00:30:18,550 --> 00:30:22,350
+-syllable word, articles or determiners are weak
+
+369
+00:30:22,350 --> 00:30:26,750
+forms. So your students can easily observe this.
+
+370
+00:30:31,360 --> 00:30:34,520
+You can ask your students to listen to you while
+
+371
+00:30:34,520 --> 00:30:41,580
+reading these sentences and making dots under the
+
+372
+00:30:41,580 --> 00:30:48,260
+stress, the stressed words. Again, the same words.
+
+373
+00:30:49,380 --> 00:30:52,560
+Who can read? Who can read? Yeah.
+
+374
+00:31:01,790 --> 00:31:13,470
+Out of the
+
+375
+00:31:13,470 --> 00:31:19,090
+D plus C. So you ask your students to put dots
+
+376
+00:31:19,090 --> 00:31:22,790
+under the stress words, okay? And try to correct
+
+377
+00:31:22,790 --> 00:31:24,370
+them directly.
+
+378
+00:31:26,830 --> 00:31:30,520
+Now, the contrastive stress. The contrastive
+
+379
+00:31:30,520 --> 00:31:33,820
+stress of English. It's optional. You can put it
+
+380
+00:31:33,820 --> 00:31:36,820
+wherever you like just to stress the meaning of a
+
+381
+00:31:36,820 --> 00:31:41,380
+certain word in the sentence. I gave her the book.
+
+382
+00:31:41,920 --> 00:31:46,220
+I gave her the book. I gave her the book. I gave
+
+383
+00:31:46,220 --> 00:31:51,440
+her the book. I gave her the book. Okay? You could
+
+384
+00:31:51,440 --> 00:31:58,420
+read them, the four sentences. Yes. I gave her the
+
+385
+00:31:58,420 --> 00:32:03,200
+book. I gave her the book. I gave her the book. I
+
+386
+00:32:03,200 --> 00:32:07,040
+gave her the book, the book. I gave her the book,
+
+387
+00:32:07,300 --> 00:32:11,700
+okay? So these four sentences differ semantically
+
+388
+00:32:11,700 --> 00:32:16,160
+one from another. They are completely different in
+
+389
+00:32:16,160 --> 00:32:19,160
+meaning, mainly because of the location of the
+
+390
+00:32:19,160 --> 00:32:22,540
+stress, of the contrastive stress, okay?
+
+391
+00:32:29,690 --> 00:32:33,430
+This activity is very, very important and very
+
+392
+00:32:33,430 --> 00:32:38,810
+easy. So, you stress, you find out the stressed
+
+393
+00:32:38,810 --> 00:32:39,850
+words in the dialogue.
+
+394
+00:32:43,170 --> 00:32:49,030
+So, you are Ahmed. No, doctor, I'm Ali. Sorry, no,
+
+395
+00:32:49,210 --> 00:32:53,510
+Ali. You are twelve years old. No, I'm thirteen.
+
+396
+00:32:54,830 --> 00:33:01,970
+I'm thirteen years old. Okay? Oh dear. And you've
+
+397
+00:33:01,970 --> 00:33:05,330
+got a bad headache? And you've got a bad headache?
+
+398
+00:33:06,070 --> 00:33:12,350
+No, I've got a bad earache. A bad earache. Okay?
+
+399
+00:33:13,570 --> 00:33:18,830
+He has inflammation in his ears. Okay? So we have
+
+400
+00:33:18,830 --> 00:33:27,490
+earache, thirteen, Ali. So these and also Ahmed.
+
+401
+00:33:30,230 --> 00:33:35,410
+So, you are Ahmed? No, doctor. I'm Ali. Sorry.
+
+402
+00:33:36,190 --> 00:33:42,110
+Now, Ali, you are 12 years old. No, I'm 13. I'm 13
+
+403
+00:33:42,110 --> 00:33:46,070
+years old. Oh, dear. And you've got a bad
+
+404
+00:33:46,070 --> 00:33:53,450
+headache? No, I've got a bad earache. Okay? So,
+
+405
+00:33:53,950 --> 00:33:57,910
+you ask your students to underline the stressed
+
+406
+00:33:57,910 --> 00:34:03,290
+words in the dialogue. Okay, then you train them
+
+407
+00:34:03,290 --> 00:34:07,530
+to read the dialogue very correctly using the
+
+408
+00:34:07,530 --> 00:34:10,070
+stress system. Who could read this dialogue? I
+
+409
+00:34:10,070 --> 00:34:15,550
+need two students. Number one, number two. Okay,
+
+410
+00:34:15,630 --> 00:34:20,070
+you can start. So you are the doctor and you are
+
+411
+00:34:20,070 --> 00:34:21,230
+the second speaker.
+
+412
+00:34:26,870 --> 00:34:30,650
+Now, doctor, I'm Ellie. So, you know, Ellie, you
+
+413
+00:34:30,650 --> 00:34:34,850
+are 12 years old. Now, I'm 13 years old. Oh, dear.
+
+414
+00:34:35,150 --> 00:34:38,370
+And you have gotten a bad headache. Now, I have a
+
+415
+00:34:38,370 --> 00:34:47,030
+bad headache. Earache. Okay. Also, you have this.
+
+416
+00:34:48,430 --> 00:34:52,330
+Again, you have 14, 40,
+
+417
+00:34:53,630 --> 00:34:56,730
+17. Okay, 17.
+
+418
+00:34:59,410 --> 00:35:06,590
+So you
+
+419
+00:35:06,590 --> 00:35:11,890
+have, you can ask, you can just ask yourselves to
+
+420
+00:35:11,890 --> 00:35:14,590
+repeat after you and then to read the dialogue
+
+421
+00:35:14,590 --> 00:35:18,550
+focusing on the stressed words.
+
+422
+00:35:20,170 --> 00:35:24,510
+Okay? The number,
+
+423
+00:35:27,780 --> 00:35:34,420
+From thirteen up to nineteen has the stress on the
+
+424
+00:35:34,420 --> 00:35:38,020
+last syllable, in, okay? Fourteen,
+
+425
+00:35:40,760 --> 00:35:43,120
+fifteen, okay?
+
+426
+00:35:50,030 --> 00:35:52,650
+Again, you can introduce words and you ask your
+
+427
+00:35:52,650 --> 00:35:57,770
+students to mark only the first syllables. Animal.
+
+428
+00:35:59,170 --> 00:36:04,010
+Animal, the first syllable. Banana. Disagree.
+
+429
+00:36:04,950 --> 00:36:09,530
+Disagree. It is disagree, the suffix, the prefix.
+
+430
+00:36:12,290 --> 00:36:16,670
+You can find this also in these words. Saturday.
+
+431
+00:36:17,690 --> 00:36:23,630
+Paragraph. calendar, magazine, principal, tomato,
+
+432
+00:36:24,390 --> 00:36:30,610
+potatoes, important, pollution, policeman. So you
+
+433
+00:36:30,610 --> 00:36:33,910
+can ask your students to mark the syllable in
+
+434
+00:36:33,910 --> 00:36:34,530
+these words.
+
+435
+00:36:38,890 --> 00:36:42,670
+So I hope that some of you just prepared some
+
+436
+00:36:42,670 --> 00:36:45,990
+activities for teaching the sound system. Could
+
+437
+00:36:45,990 --> 00:36:49,480
+you? Did you prepare any activities for teaching
+
+438
+00:36:49,480 --> 00:36:50,640
+the sound system of English?
+
+439
+00:36:53,840 --> 00:36:56,280
+I asked you last time just to prepare some
+
+440
+00:36:56,280 --> 00:37:00,600
+activities for that. Did you do that?
+
+441
+00:37:04,880 --> 00:37:07,540
+We have lots of activities for teaching the sound
+
+442
+00:37:07,540 --> 00:37:14,880
+system. These are your aids inside the class.
+
+443
+00:37:17,610 --> 00:37:20,870
+teach deductively because you know the sound
+
+444
+00:37:20,870 --> 00:37:23,930
+system as I explained it to you, it's quite
+
+445
+00:37:23,930 --> 00:37:30,050
+complicated. If you just give the sound system in
+
+446
+00:37:30,050 --> 00:37:33,510
+the form of lecturing to your class, this will
+
+447
+00:37:33,510 --> 00:37:37,730
+never let them understand, okay? Because you have
+
+448
+00:37:37,730 --> 00:37:41,950
+to teach English contextually, inductively, not
+
+449
+00:37:41,950 --> 00:37:45,470
+deductively, okay? So you have to introduce
+
+450
+00:37:45,470 --> 00:37:49,270
+communicative activities to your classes,
+
+451
+00:37:49,810 --> 00:37:53,830
+contextual teaching processes to your classes. You
+
+452
+00:37:53,830 --> 00:37:59,450
+have to introduce very suitable games and
+
+453
+00:37:59,450 --> 00:38:02,710
+activities for understanding the sound system.
+
+454
+00:38:03,770 --> 00:38:06,890
+Better to have these activities or these games to
+
+455
+00:38:06,890 --> 00:38:12,610
+introduce authentic materials, materials from the
+
+456
+00:38:12,610 --> 00:38:18,530
+class from the environment or maybe from the same
+
+457
+00:38:18,530 --> 00:38:22,130
+materials conveying the same culture of the
+
+458
+00:38:22,130 --> 00:38:26,410
+students. The more you approach the environment of
+
+459
+00:38:26,410 --> 00:38:28,650
+the students or the culture of your students, the
+
+460
+00:38:28,650 --> 00:38:34,430
+more they understand you. So let them speak and
+
+461
+00:38:34,430 --> 00:38:40,320
+for you, you stand or you stand as a listener or
+
+462
+00:38:40,320 --> 00:38:44,240
+sometimes as a monitor to the class. But keeping
+
+463
+00:38:44,240 --> 00:38:47,000
+the class silent and letting you speak alone in
+
+464
+00:38:47,000 --> 00:38:50,560
+the class, this comes out with negative process of
+
+465
+00:38:50,560 --> 00:38:56,300
+teaching. Do you have any other activities or
+
+466
+00:38:56,300 --> 00:38:58,540
+games for facilitating the process of the sound
+
+467
+00:38:58,540 --> 00:38:58,940
+system?
+
+468
+00:39:03,040 --> 00:39:05,440
+The process of teaching the sound system to your
+
+469
+00:39:05,440 --> 00:39:09,050
+class. Do you have?
+
+470
+00:39:18,050 --> 00:39:21,690
+I hope you could just prepare this for next time,
+
+471
+00:39:22,570 --> 00:39:27,510
+prepare some activities, new flashes, and come
+
+472
+00:39:27,510 --> 00:39:30,650
+ready for presenting these activities to your
+
+473
+00:39:30,650 --> 00:39:35,050
+students. Remember also for next time, we are
+
+474
+00:39:35,050 --> 00:39:37,450
+going to explain the intonation system of English.
+
+475
+00:39:38,970 --> 00:39:45,310
+For the intonation, we have different types or
+
+476
+00:39:45,310 --> 00:39:49,710
+different systems in both Arabic and English. We
+
+477
+00:39:49,710 --> 00:39:53,530
+have six types of intonation in English, while in
+
+478
+00:39:53,530 --> 00:39:57,370
+Arabic, we have only three types, okay? The
+
+479
+00:39:57,370 --> 00:40:01,530
+function of the intonation differ from one
+
+480
+00:40:01,530 --> 00:40:06,590
+sentence to another, one mood to another. So we
+
+481
+00:40:06,590 --> 00:40:11,420
+have, for example, We have a grammatical function
+
+482
+00:40:11,420 --> 00:40:15,100
+for the intonation system. It differentiates
+
+483
+00:40:15,100 --> 00:40:20,560
+between the declarative sentence and the WH or the
+
+484
+00:40:20,560 --> 00:40:26,020
+question. Okay? It reflects the attitude of the
+
+485
+00:40:26,020 --> 00:40:29,960
+speaker. Once you are excited, once you are happy,
+
+486
+00:40:30,640 --> 00:40:37,170
+once you express exclamation or sorrow, or
+
+487
+00:40:37,170 --> 00:40:41,390
+admiration or whatever. So you have lots of
+
+488
+00:40:41,390 --> 00:40:45,530
+feelings. These can be conveyed by the intonation
+
+489
+00:40:45,530 --> 00:40:52,530
+system. Okay? Also you can see this in producing
+
+490
+00:40:52,530 --> 00:40:55,650
+or differentiating between the grammatical
+
+491
+00:40:55,650 --> 00:41:02,030
+features of sentences or of words. So we have
+
+492
+00:41:02,030 --> 00:41:06,510
+these three functions of intonation. that
+
+493
+00:41:06,510 --> 00:41:09,350
+differentiate between yourself. Sometimes you
+
+494
+00:41:09,350 --> 00:41:15,550
+introduce declarative sentence. John is here. John
+
+495
+00:41:15,550 --> 00:41:21,810
+is coming. Then you say, John is coming? So this
+
+496
+00:41:21,810 --> 00:41:24,690
+means that the second sentence is a question. The
+
+497
+00:41:24,690 --> 00:41:27,690
+first one is a statement sentence, declarative
+
+498
+00:41:27,690 --> 00:41:29,950
+sentence. You differentiate between the two
+
+499
+00:41:29,950 --> 00:41:33,960
+sentences by using the intonation. The most
+
+500
+00:41:33,960 --> 00:41:37,280
+important types of intonations are the rising
+
+501
+00:41:37,280 --> 00:41:40,540
+intonation and the falling intonation. It is
+
+502
+00:41:40,540 --> 00:41:44,420
+either rise or fall. So next time we are going to
+
+503
+00:41:44,420 --> 00:41:48,600
+touch this point in detail. Prepare it very well
+
+504
+00:41:48,600 --> 00:41:53,600
+and remember to come with some games for teaching
+
+505
+00:41:53,600 --> 00:41:57,420
+the sound system. Okay? That's it. Thank you now.
+
+506
+00:41:58,340 --> 00:41:59,020
+See you next time.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/s_eWhYP9pI0.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1372 @@
+1
+00:00:11,640 --> 00:00:15,700
+Our class today is limited to discussing the
+
+2
+00:00:15,700 --> 00:00:19,180
+sound system of English either in isolation or
+
+3
+00:00:19,180 --> 00:00:21,840
+connected speech. We are going to touch the
+
+4
+00:00:21,840 --> 00:00:25,320
+consonants, the vowels, the clusterization system,
+
+5
+00:00:26,060 --> 00:00:28,680
+the supra-segmental phoneme stress, and
+
+6
+00:00:28,680 --> 00:00:32,120
+intonation, which we have already explained just
+
+7
+00:00:32,120 --> 00:00:35,940
+in the last five lectures. Today we need to answer
+
+8
+00:00:35,940 --> 00:00:39,440
+the general questions which I gave you last time.
+
+9
+00:00:39,840 --> 00:00:44,280
+So let's answer the questions one by one. What are
+
+10
+00:00:44,280 --> 00:00:48,540
+the points of negative interference reflected in
+
+11
+00:00:48,540 --> 00:00:55,440
+pronouncing the English consonant sounds by
+
+12
+00:00:55,440 --> 00:01:01,420
+the Arab learners of English? Okay? These sounds
+
+13
+00:01:01,420 --> 00:01:03,980
+are very problematic for the Arab learners of
+
+14
+00:01:03,980 --> 00:01:04,540
+English. Why?
+
+15
+00:01:09,590 --> 00:01:12,710
+Because they are alveolar in English, but in
+
+16
+00:01:12,710 --> 00:01:13,490
+Arabic they are dental.
+
+17
+00:01:18,750 --> 00:01:28,610
+Because they are alveolar in English, while in
+
+18
+00:01:28,610 --> 00:01:32,170
+Arabic they are dental. The counterpart of Arabic 
+
+19
+00:01:32,170 --> 00:01:37,030
+are dental. So you find your students pronounce
+
+20
+00:01:37,030 --> 00:01:43,700
+these sounds in dental position, okay? Changing 
+
+21
+00:01:43,700 --> 00:01:48,740
+their place of articulation, okay? So instead of
+
+22
+00:01:48,740 --> 00:01:53,920
+saying, for example, zoo, they say zoo. Instead of
+
+23
+00:01:53,920 --> 00:02:01,080
+saying reed, they say reed, okay? Trailer, okay?
+
+24
+00:02:02,040 --> 00:02:06,500
+So we have some sort of negative interference
+
+25
+00:02:06,500 --> 00:02:11,870
+between these sounds which are alveolar in English
+
+26
+00:02:11,870 --> 00:02:17,670
+while appear to be dental in Arabic. Next, the
+
+27
+00:02:17,670 --> 00:02:22,230
+next question. What's the difference between the
+
+28
+00:02:22,230 --> 00:02:27,370
+English P and B sounds and the sounds of Arabic? 
+
+29
+00:02:28,270 --> 00:02:31,410
+Or and the B sound of Arabic? And the B sound of
+
+30
+00:02:31,410 --> 00:02:33,310
+Arabic? Who could answer this question?
+
+31
+00:02:36,490 --> 00:02:37,090
+Yalla.
+
+32
+00:02:42,460 --> 00:02:43,400
+Okay,
+
+33
+00:02:48,920 --> 00:02:53,900
+the difference between the pah sound and bah sound 
+
+34
+00:02:53,900 --> 00:03:01,640
+of English and the bah sound of Arabic Okay
+
+35
+00:03:11,450 --> 00:03:15,210
+Okay, the difference between the PAH and BAH of
+
+36
+00:03:15,210 --> 00:03:15,710
+English.
+
+37
+00:03:18,310 --> 00:03:23,770
+They are both biliberal 
+
+38
+00:03:23,770 --> 00:03:28,490
+sounds and for the manner of articulation, are
+
+39
+00:03:28,490 --> 00:03:32,770
+they the same? Yes. So what's the difference 
+
+40
+00:03:32,770 --> 00:03:33,430
+between them?
+
+41
+00:03:36,430 --> 00:03:42,670
+Okay. Pa is voiced while Pa is voiceless. Do we 
+
+42
+00:03:42,670 --> 00:03:48,650
+have the Pa sound in Arabic? No. But we have Pa 
+
+43
+00:03:48,650 --> 00:03:53,290
+sound. We have Pa sound. Pa sound of Arabic. Is it
+
+44
+00:03:53,290 --> 00:03:57,630
+the same as its counterpart of English? Pa? What's 
+
+45
+00:03:57,630 --> 00:03:58,150
+the difference?
+
+46
+00:04:06,020 --> 00:04:07,500
+In Arabic,
+
+47
+00:04:10,680 --> 00:04:14,160
+we have the two lips articulating against each 
+
+48
+00:04:14,160 --> 00:04:18,120
+other. However, in Bah sound of English, you have
+
+49
+00:04:18,120 --> 00:04:24,880
+the upper lip dominating the lower lip. Okay? So 
+
+50
+00:04:24,880 --> 00:04:27,040
+you find your students find difficulty in 
+
+51
+00:04:27,040 --> 00:04:30,720
+pronouncing the pah sound because it's not
+
+52
+00:04:30,720 --> 00:04:35,100
+available in Arabic okay it is replaced by the
+
+53
+00:04:35,100 --> 00:04:39,160
+Arabic pah sound so instead of saying people you 
+
+54
+00:04:39,160 --> 00:04:42,820
+find your students say people which is completely
+
+55
+00:04:42,820 --> 00:04:44,380
+wrong okay
+
+56
+00:05:01,310 --> 00:05:02,710
+Yes.
+
+57
+00:05:21,320 --> 00:05:25,720
+Describe the schwa vowel of English and account 
+
+58
+00:05:25,720 --> 00:05:29,560
+for the difficulty the Arab learners face in
+
+59
+00:05:29,560 --> 00:05:34,840
+pronouncing it. The schwa system of English. 
+
+60
+00:05:37,780 --> 00:05:39,660
+The schwa system of English.
+
+61
+00:05:45,320 --> 00:05:50,980
+Yes. So I need you to speak about Dashua system of 
+
+62
+00:05:50,980 --> 00:05:53,720
+English. Yes. Dashua system is a form of... Is it
+
+63
+00:05:53,720 --> 00:05:56,720
+available in Arabic? No, not available in Arabic. 
+
+64
+00:05:57,240 --> 00:06:03,420
+It is available in English. It's a weak sound. So 
+
+65
+00:06:03,420 --> 00:06:06,380
+it represents the weak form of English. A weak
+
+66
+00:06:06,380 --> 00:06:11,620
+sound, yes. A Hamza, it's found in Arabic, but not
+
+67
+00:06:11,620 --> 00:06:14,960
+found in English. You mean that the Arab learners 
+
+68
+00:06:15,500 --> 00:06:20,100
+move the hands and the a sound into English
+
+69
+00:06:20,100 --> 00:06:25,320
+language in place of the schwa system. 
+
+70
+00:06:35,380 --> 00:06:37,440
+Like about
+
+71
+00:06:51,210 --> 00:06:55,330
+So instead of saying about they can say about 
+
+72
+00:06:55,330 --> 00:07:00,990
+above they say above okay whereas there is no 
+
+73
+00:07:00,990 --> 00:07:05,490
+Hamza or there is no rooted sound a in Arabic in
+
+74
+00:07:05,490 --> 00:07:09,730
+English okay we have a choice thank you very much
+
+75
+00:07:20,870 --> 00:07:24,590
+What are points of negative interference expected 
+
+76
+00:07:24,590 --> 00:07:27,310
+to face Arab learners in pronouncing the long
+
+77
+00:07:27,310 --> 00:07:29,710
+vowels and diphthongs of English?
+
+78
+00:07:32,730 --> 00:07:36,750
+We have the long vowels, the diphthongs of English 
+
+79
+00:07:36,750 --> 00:07:41,650
+which are of great difficulty. They represent an 
+
+80
+00:07:41,650 --> 00:07:45,710
+area of difficulty. How do you expect your Arab 
+
+81
+00:07:45,710 --> 00:07:51,890
+students, okay, in pronouncing such sounds? Do 
+
+82
+00:07:51,890 --> 00:07:56,430
+they pronounce them correctly or not? If not, why? 
+
+83
+00:07:58,530 --> 00:08:01,070
+Do you have equivalence for these sounds in
+
+84
+00:08:01,070 --> 00:08:05,950
+Arabic? Who could just answer this question? Yes?
+
+85
+00:08:12,870 --> 00:08:15,810
+You speak about the long vowels and the
+
+86
+00:08:15,810 --> 00:08:19,870
+diphthongs. How many diphthongs do you have in 
+
+87
+00:08:19,870 --> 00:08:21,450
+Arabic? Is it the same like English? 
+
+88
+00:08:28,390 --> 00:08:32,670
+In Arabic, we have just two diphthongs, A and I. 
+
+89
+00:08:32,790 --> 00:08:35,550
+But in English, we have many diphthongs which are 
+
+90
+00:08:35,550 --> 00:08:38,550
+not in the Arabic language. So we find Arabic 
+
+91
+00:08:38,550 --> 00:08:41,410
+learners cannot pronounce the diphthongs of
+
+92
+00:08:41,410 --> 00:08:45,190
+English or insert the Arabic diphthongs in English 
+
+93
+00:08:45,190 --> 00:08:48,030
+verses. which make their accent heavy and
+
+94
+00:08:48,030 --> 00:08:51,050
+uncorrectly. Regarding the vowels, also in Arabic
+
+95
+00:08:51,050 --> 00:08:53,990
+just we have three vowels, but in English we have 
+
+96
+00:08:53,990 --> 00:08:57,410
+seven vowels. So we saw learners of Arabic face
+
+97
+00:08:57,410 --> 00:09:00,790
+difficulties in pronouncing the vowels that they 
+
+98
+00:09:00,790 --> 00:09:03,810
+are not found in the Arabic language. So they
+
+99
+00:09:03,810 --> 00:09:06,210
+introduce negative interference. What do you call
+
+100
+00:09:06,210 --> 00:09:08,670
+the mistakes committed by the Arab learners once 
+
+101
+00:09:08,670 --> 00:09:11,850
+they mispronounce the diphthong or the long vowel? 
+
+102
+00:09:12,690 --> 00:09:16,230
+Due to their Arabic language. Is this interlingual
+
+103
+00:09:16,230 --> 00:09:21,250
+error or interlingual? Interlingual because it
+
+104
+00:09:21,250 --> 00:09:24,590
+derives from Arabic. Okay, have a seat. Thank you 
+
+105
+00:09:24,590 --> 00:09:25,250
+very much.
+
+106
+00:09:29,830 --> 00:09:30,590
+Next.
+
+107
+00:09:33,110 --> 00:09:36,050
+What's the difference between consonant clusters of 
+
+108
+00:09:36,050 --> 00:09:39,650
+English and that of Arabic? Very easy. 
+
+109
+00:10:02,520 --> 00:10:11,500
+So Arabic has two clusters. 
+
+110
+00:10:14,380 --> 00:10:19,520
+So we 
+
+111
+00:10:19,520 --> 00:10:24,750
+have four clusters in English. one word system
+
+112
+00:10:24,750 --> 00:10:29,410
+still we have seven clusters between or this can 
+
+113
+00:10:29,410 --> 00:10:33,170
+be available between two words in connected speech 
+
+114
+00:10:33,170 --> 00:10:37,670
+okay one in Arabic we have how many two clusters
+
+115
+00:10:37,670 --> 00:10:40,710
+only at the end of a word okay also there are 
+
+116
+00:10:40,710 --> 00:10:43,210
+clusters in Arabic that can occur just in media 
+
+117
+00:10:43,210 --> 00:10:48,360
+and finance issues while English have English has
+
+118
+00:10:48,360 --> 00:10:55,180
+clusters in initial position, middle position and
+
+119
+00:10:55,180 --> 00:10:58,680
+final position. Okay, so what do you expect the
+
+120
+00:10:58,680 --> 00:11:06,960
+Arab learners to do? They fracture the 
+
+121
+00:11:06,960 --> 00:11:11,060
+clusterization system by inserting intrusive 
+
+122
+00:11:11,060 --> 00:11:14,880
+vowels. By inserting intrusive vowels. So instead
+
+123
+00:11:14,880 --> 00:11:18,370
+of saying Spring, they said sibling, sibling. Yes, 
+
+124
+00:11:18,750 --> 00:11:22,110
+instead of saying spring, they say espring or 
+
+125
+00:11:22,110 --> 00:11:26,210
+espring or sibling, okay? It depends on their
+
+126
+00:11:26,210 --> 00:11:31,490
+mother tongue, okay? Good, thank you. Rasim. 
+
+127
+00:11:40,770 --> 00:11:44,770
+We have constant doubling is problematic in 
+
+128
+00:11:44,770 --> 00:11:50,230
+English Do you agree? Why? Consonant doubling is 
+
+129
+00:11:50,230 --> 00:11:52,930
+problematic in English. Do you agree? Why?
+
+130
+00:12:07,790 --> 00:12:12,450
+First consonant doubling or consonant domination. 
+
+131
+00:12:13,860 --> 00:12:17,960
+is something first is does not found in English 
+
+132
+00:12:17,960 --> 00:12:23,040
+and it it can be only found in Arabic so we can we
+
+133
+00:12:23,040 --> 00:12:26,460
+can the student or the the Arabic student the
+
+134
+00:12:26,460 --> 00:12:31,120
+Arabic who learn who learn English can English as 
+
+135
+00:12:31,120 --> 00:12:33,740
+a second language can insert the consonant
+
+136
+00:12:33,740 --> 00:12:37,850
+doubling when they derive or articulate the the 
+
+137
+00:12:37,850 --> 00:12:42,230
+English vowel or English word in general. So, for 
+
+138
+00:12:42,230 --> 00:12:46,670
+example, when I say, for example, when I say, for 
+
+139
+00:12:46,670 --> 00:12:53,430
+example, allow, some students maybe see or may say 
+
+140
+00:12:53,430 --> 00:13:01,630
+allow. They insert the denomination system in
+
+141
+00:13:01,630 --> 00:13:05,110
+these two consonants. So you mean that
+
+142
+00:13:05,110 --> 00:13:07,670
+denomination is only found in Arabic? Yeah, it is
+
+143
+00:13:07,670 --> 00:13:09,450
+always found in Arabic. Okay, but it is not found
+
+144
+00:13:09,450 --> 00:13:14,070
+in English. When we say comment, we have to say
+
+145
+00:13:14,070 --> 00:13:18,170
+comment. Collapse. When we say collapse, we have
+
+146
+00:13:18,170 --> 00:13:23,210
+to say collapse. Okay? Allow, this is a correct 
+
+147
+00:13:23,210 --> 00:13:28,850
+system. However, allow, this is what is done by 
+
+148
+00:13:28,850 --> 00:13:32,490
+the Arab learners. So they have two mistakes when 
+
+149
+00:13:32,490 --> 00:13:36,920
+they say allow. This is the halzah. instead of one 
+
+150
+00:13:36,920 --> 00:13:41,140
+and the gemination is not found originally in 
+
+151
+00:13:41,140 --> 00:13:44,180
+English so I learned and this is by the way called 
+
+152
+00:13:44,180 --> 00:13:49,300
+interlingual mistake because it is derived from
+
+153
+00:13:49,300 --> 00:13:53,080
+the Arabic system very good thank you very much
+
+154
+00:13:53,080 --> 00:14:00,840
+what's
+
+155
+00:14:00,840 --> 00:14:02,980
+the difference between the rhythm system of 
+
+156
+00:14:02,980 --> 00:14:07,620
+English and that of Arabic? The rhythm system of 
+
+157
+00:14:07,620 --> 00:14:10,140
+English and that of Arabic. It's a very easy
+
+158
+00:14:10,140 --> 00:14:16,640
+question. What is
+
+159
+00:14:16,640 --> 00:14:22,620
+the
+
+160
+00:14:22,620 --> 00:14:24,540
+difference between the rhythm system in English
+
+161
+00:14:24,540 --> 00:14:26,380
+and that of Arabic? First of all, the rhythm
+
+162
+00:14:26,380 --> 00:14:28,540
+system in English is a stressed syllabus time. 
+
+163
+00:14:28,640 --> 00:14:32,480
+That means it's a stressed term. While the rhythm 
+
+164
+00:14:32,480 --> 00:14:36,120
+system in Arabic is a syllable time. it is 
+
+165
+00:14:36,120 --> 00:14:39,440
+syllable time while in English it is stress time
+
+166
+00:14:39,440 --> 00:14:42,980
+so in English it is based I mean the rhythm of
+
+167
+00:14:42,980 --> 00:14:46,400
+English is based on time intervals however in
+
+168
+00:14:46,400 --> 00:14:49,020
+Arabic it is based on syllable intervals syllable
+
+169
+00:14:49,020 --> 00:14:51,560
+intervals do you mean that every single word is
+
+170
+00:14:51,560 --> 00:14:54,200
+stressed in Arabic? no every single word is 
+
+171
+00:14:54,200 --> 00:14:58,640
+stressed however in English not every single word
+
+172
+00:14:58,640 --> 00:15:02,620
+is stressed not every single word is stressed in 
+
+173
+00:15:02,620 --> 00:15:05,800
+English okay So the big boy has written a good 
+
+174
+00:15:05,800 --> 00:15:09,540
+record. The big boy has written a good record. You 
+
+175
+00:15:09,540 --> 00:15:12,360
+can't say the big boy has written a good record. 
+
+176
+00:15:12,500 --> 00:15:17,380
+This is Arabic. Okay? However, in Arabic we say
+
+177
+00:15:17,380 --> 00:15:19,440
+كتب الولد تقريرا جيدا.
+
+178
+00:15:22,920 --> 00:15:27,240
+Every single word is stressed. Okay, I see. Very 
+
+179
+00:15:27,240 --> 00:15:27,960
+good. Thank you.
+
+180
+00:15:34,420 --> 00:15:37,040
+English stress system is very difficult for Arab
+
+181
+00:15:37,040 --> 00:15:40,400
+learners to master. Do you agree? Why?
+
+182
+00:15:49,230 --> 00:15:52,570
+Yes, we agree that English system is very 
+
+183
+00:15:52,570 --> 00:15:55,870
+difficult for learners because many words of
+
+184
+00:15:55,870 --> 00:15:59,730
+English are derived from different languages and
+
+185
+00:15:59,730 --> 00:16:05,410
+origins, so we don't have similar rules for all 
+
+186
+00:16:05,410 --> 00:16:09,770
+words. So English words derived from different 
+
+187
+00:16:09,770 --> 00:16:13,570
+origins, okay? Many of the English words are 
+
+188
+00:16:13,570 --> 00:16:16,570
+borrowed from other languages. So every single 
+
+189
+00:16:16,570 --> 00:16:19,210
+word borrowed from other language comes with its
+
+190
+00:16:19,210 --> 00:16:23,090
+own language system. So this means that the stress 
+
+191
+00:16:23,090 --> 00:16:27,330
+is not bound to a certain rule in English. While 
+
+192
+00:16:27,330 --> 00:16:31,910
+in Arabic, it is rule-based. Okay? Is this the 
+
+193
+00:16:31,910 --> 00:16:36,570
+only difficulty? Is this the only difficulty the 
+
+194
+00:16:36,570 --> 00:16:40,510
+Arab learners face? Here we have for English, we
+
+195
+00:16:40,510 --> 00:16:43,050
+don't have a specific rule for that. We have to
+
+196
+00:16:43,050 --> 00:16:47,470
+only estimate rules that rely on what is called 
+
+197
+00:16:47,470 --> 00:16:52,530
+the suffix system okay the suffix system or the 
+
+198
+00:16:52,530 --> 00:16:56,330
+prefix system of English however in Arabic the 
+
+199
+00:16:56,330 --> 00:16:58,990
+situation is different
+
+223
+00:18:49,110 --> 00:18:52,970
+tag, the WH questions, the vocatives, the other
+
+224
+00:18:52,970 --> 00:18:58,470
+forms. So who could answer this question? The
+
+225
+00:18:58,470 --> 00:19:01,330
+intonation.
+
+226
+00:19:05,770 --> 00:19:07,030
+It's very easy.
+
+227
+00:19:13,690 --> 00:19:14,370
+Yalla.
+
+228
+00:19:22,260 --> 00:19:23,360
+God Bless.
+
+229
+00:19:52,930 --> 00:19:59,670
+So for example the declarative sentences are rise
+
+230
+00:19:59,670 --> 00:20:05,430
+for then the military positions rise forward yes
+
+231
+00:20:05,430 --> 00:20:12,010
+no questions mid rise rise or high high then the
+
+232
+00:20:12,010 --> 00:20:16,750
+question tag it's either mid rise rise or mid rise
+
+233
+00:20:16,750 --> 00:20:21,390
+four okay fine now do you have the same system in
+
+234
+00:20:21,390 --> 00:20:28,150
+Arabic it's not the same system okay Arabic has
+
+235
+00:20:28,150 --> 00:20:31,940
+only three types of intonation applicable to the
+
+236
+00:20:31,940 --> 00:20:35,600
+question tag, the yes-no question, and the
+
+237
+00:20:35,600 --> 00:20:39,760
+vocatives along with the attitudinal intonation
+
+238
+00:20:39,760 --> 00:20:43,440
+which is available for English and Arabic. Okay?
+
+239
+00:20:43,520 --> 00:20:51,720
+In English we have falling pitch, but in Arabic we
+
+240
+00:20:51,720 --> 00:20:55,900
+have rising pitch. Yes. No, no. In Arabic we have
+
+241
+00:20:55,900 --> 00:21:02,360
+falling pitch. It's rise, fall. Okay? Yes. and yes
+
+242
+00:21:02,360 --> 00:21:05,840
+no question in Arabic we have rising in relation
+
+243
+00:21:05,840 --> 00:21:10,340
+in English it is rising yes however the question
+
+244
+00:21:10,340 --> 00:21:13,580
+tag in Arabic is rising while in English can be
+
+245
+00:21:13,580 --> 00:21:21,080
+rising or falling okay okay fine thank you
+
+246
+00:21:36,600 --> 00:21:41,460
+Yes. So number 10, what's the difference between
+
+247
+00:21:41,460 --> 00:21:43,620
+the intonation system of English we have already
+
+248
+00:21:43,620 --> 00:21:47,440
+explained it. Suggest suitable activities for
+
+249
+00:21:47,440 --> 00:21:51,060
+teaching each of the following, the sound system
+
+250
+00:21:51,060 --> 00:21:54,940
+in isolation, sound in connected speech, stress
+
+251
+00:21:54,940 --> 00:21:59,340
+and intonation. We have already introduced these
+
+252
+00:21:59,340 --> 00:22:04,650
+activities last lecture. Okay. So if anyone has a
+
+253
+00:22:04,650 --> 00:22:07,230
+PowerPoint about these points or this question,
+
+254
+00:22:08,290 --> 00:22:10,610
+you can submit it to us at the end of the class,
+
+255
+00:22:11,190 --> 00:22:18,690
+okay? I will consider it for you. Now, for next
+
+256
+00:22:18,690 --> 00:22:23,460
+time, we need to introduce word formation. word
+
+257
+00:22:23,460 --> 00:22:27,880
+formation, how words in English are formulated.
+
+258
+00:22:28,660 --> 00:22:32,680
+Okay? You are familiar with what is called the
+
+259
+00:22:32,680 --> 00:22:37,520
+affixation system or the affix in English. This
+
+260
+00:22:37,520 --> 00:22:45,860
+means suffix, prefix, and infix. Okay? We have
+
+261
+00:22:45,860 --> 00:22:51,160
+three types. Okay? They are added to morphemes. so
+
+262
+00:22:51,160 --> 00:22:54,540
+we have free morpheme and what is called bound
+
+263
+00:22:54,540 --> 00:23:00,420
+morpheme okay we need you just to revise these and
+
+264
+00:23:00,420 --> 00:23:04,080
+recall them okay you have already taken this in
+
+265
+00:23:04,080 --> 00:23:08,740
+linguistics linguistic classes last semester so I
+
+266
+00:23:08,740 --> 00:23:12,100
+need you to recall them to refresh your memory and
+
+267
+00:23:12,100 --> 00:23:16,460
+come next time ready for just discussing them and
+
+268
+00:23:16,460 --> 00:23:17,500
+being
+
+269
+00:23:20,930 --> 00:23:25,410
+exposed to the explanation of the word formation.
+
+270
+00:23:25,690 --> 00:23:30,030
+We need to explain the derivation system of
+
+271
+00:23:30,030 --> 00:23:33,910
+English, the inflection system of English, and the
+
+272
+00:23:33,910 --> 00:23:37,490
+compounding system of English compared with
+
+273
+00:23:37,490 --> 00:23:40,930
+Arabic, because this class is comparative
+
+274
+00:23:40,930 --> 00:23:47,170
+linguistics. For the word formation, we have the
+
+275
+00:23:47,170 --> 00:23:54,860
+morphemes of English either free or bound every
+
+276
+00:23:54,860 --> 00:23:59,760
+single word may have a suffix or prefix or both
+
+277
+00:23:59,760 --> 00:24:04,760
+suffix and prefix and some words have some sort of
+
+278
+00:24:04,760 --> 00:24:08,760
+infix which is quite rare in English while very
+
+279
+00:24:08,760 --> 00:24:17,520
+wide in Arabic I say مكتب or كتب مكتب مكتب مكاتب
+
+280
+00:24:17,520 --> 00:24:23,360
+كاتب Okay, so we have the infix available very
+
+281
+00:24:23,360 --> 00:24:27,380
+clearly or also we have prefix and we have suffix
+
+282
+00:24:27,380 --> 00:24:31,600
+in Arabic Okay, but not in the same scale as
+
+283
+00:24:31,600 --> 00:24:35,380
+English because you know English is of different
+
+284
+00:24:35,380 --> 00:24:38,840
+is borrowed from different languages borrowed from
+
+285
+00:24:38,840 --> 00:24:42,760
+different from different languages. So you have
+
+286
+00:24:42,760 --> 00:24:47,510
+different systems of suffixation and prefixation
+
+287
+00:24:47,510 --> 00:24:51,550
+systems okay you have prefixes and suffixes that
+
+288
+00:24:51,550 --> 00:24:55,070
+differ okay you have lots of prefixes and suffixes
+
+289
+00:24:55,070 --> 00:24:58,250
+in English either for nouns for verbs for
+
+290
+00:24:58,250 --> 00:25:04,330
+adjectives for even conjunctions
+
+291
+00:25:05,590 --> 00:25:09,610
+Okay? So we need to touch all these areas and see
+
+292
+00:25:09,610 --> 00:25:14,950
+how is derivation is available in English. How is
+
+293
+00:25:14,950 --> 00:25:18,290
+derivation available in English? And is it the
+
+294
+00:25:18,290 --> 00:25:21,630
+same? Is it with the same system as that of Arabic
+
+295
+00:25:21,630 --> 00:25:24,290
+or difference? We need to speak about the
+
+296
+00:25:24,290 --> 00:25:27,330
+inflection system. Okay? We mean by the
+
+297
+00:25:27,330 --> 00:25:31,130
+inflection, the inflection phrase, which is of
+
+298
+00:25:31,130 --> 00:25:32,750
+tense.
+
+299
+00:25:34,460 --> 00:25:43,050
+person, number, gender, case, mood. This is
+
+300
+00:25:43,050 --> 00:25:46,990
+English. It's available in all natural languages,
+
+301
+00:25:47,610 --> 00:25:51,950
+the inflection phrase. But it's different from one
+
+302
+00:25:51,950 --> 00:25:56,330
+language. I mean, the elements or the constituents
+
+303
+00:25:56,330 --> 00:26:00,110
+differ from one language to another in case of
+
+304
+00:26:00,110 --> 00:26:02,850
+having the inflection phrase. So, for example,
+
+305
+00:26:03,590 --> 00:26:07,070
+English and Arabic and all natural languages have
+
+306
+00:26:07,070 --> 00:26:11,950
+tenses. How many tenses are there in English? How
+
+307
+00:26:11,950 --> 00:26:17,580
+many tenses are there in English? Three? Six?
+
+308
+00:26:17,720 --> 00:26:18,080
+Seven?
+
+309
+00:26:23,280 --> 00:26:30,780
+Ten? We only have two tenses. We only have two
+
+310
+00:26:30,780 --> 00:26:34,940
+tenses in English. We only have two tenses in
+
+311
+00:26:34,940 --> 00:26:39,140
+English and Arabic and all natural languages. So
+
+312
+00:26:39,140 --> 00:26:42,480
+you are mistaken once you say three or seven or
+
+313
+00:26:42,480 --> 00:26:47,920
+ten or etc. We only have two. This is present and
+
+314
+00:26:47,920 --> 00:26:52,580
+past. This is English, it is Arabic, it is all
+
+315
+00:26:52,580 --> 00:26:58,120
+natural languages. Okay? So we need to see these
+
+316
+00:26:58,120 --> 00:27:02,000
+two tenses and then shift to what is called
+
+317
+00:27:02,000 --> 00:27:05,980
+person. How many types of persons are there in
+
+318
+00:27:05,980 --> 00:27:13,270
+English? Three? I mean the overt person in
+
+319
+00:27:13,270 --> 00:27:17,570
+English. The visible person.
+
+320
+00:27:22,830 --> 00:27:30,250
+Two? Four? American. We have only one. That is the
+
+321
+00:27:30,250 --> 00:27:34,930
+subject-verb agreement, S. She goes. She
+
+322
+00:27:34,930 --> 00:27:42,220
+understands. She comes. He comes. The S concord
+
+323
+00:27:42,220 --> 00:27:46,000
+added to the verb in case of having subject-verb
+
+324
+00:27:46,000 --> 00:27:51,680
+agreement, okay? However, in Arabic, do you have
+
+325
+00:27:51,680 --> 00:27:57,680
+the same? Can you have one person in Arabic? We
+
+326
+00:27:57,680 --> 00:28:01,480
+have how many? I mean the inflections added to the
+
+327
+00:28:01,480 --> 00:28:04,560
+verb. We've seen one in English, that is the S.
+
+328
+00:28:07,030 --> 00:28:12,310
+Third-person agreement. So what about Arabic? We
+
+329
+00:28:12,310 --> 00:28:21,990
+have four persons, okay? I say أكتب، يكتب، تكتب،
+
+330
+00:28:21,990 --> 00:28:30,570
+نكتب. So we have أ، ي، ت، ن، أ��ايته، أنايت. Okay?
+
+331
+00:28:31,010 --> 00:28:36,510
+So we have first person, second person, third
+
+332
+00:28:36,510 --> 00:28:42,110
+person with two inflections however in English we
+
+333
+00:28:42,110 --> 00:28:48,870
+only have the third person singular s okay gender
+
+334
+00:28:48,870 --> 00:28:54,590
+do you have gender in English we
+
+335
+00:28:54,590 --> 00:28:58,610
+don't have gender in English she writes he writes
+
+336
+00:28:58,610 --> 00:29:03,490
+they write we write you write however
+
+337
+00:29:05,710 --> 00:29:14,730
+يكتب تكتب يكتبان تكتبان يكتبون يكتبنا so gender is
+
+338
+00:29:14,730 --> 00:29:19,830
+available very clearly in Arabic Arabic is rich of
+
+339
+00:29:19,830 --> 00:29:27,810
+gender okay case do you have case in English is it
+
+340
+00:29:27,810 --> 00:29:34,220
+overt or covert yes is it visible or invisible So
+
+341
+00:29:34,220 --> 00:29:38,000
+it is covert. So we have the nominative case, the
+
+342
+00:29:38,000 --> 00:29:40,500
+accusative case, and the genitive case which are
+
+343
+00:29:40,500 --> 00:29:45,360
+available in English but covertly. However, in
+
+344
+00:29:45,360 --> 00:29:50,160
+Arabic they are overt. كتب الولد الدرسة
+
+345
+00:30:11,240 --> 00:30:16,500
+So we have the inflection that explains the
+
+346
+00:30:16,500 --> 00:30:20,760
+sentence of Arabic very very clearly however this
+
+347
+00:30:20,760 --> 00:30:26,540
+is not available in English okay Parsing is
+
+348
+00:30:26,540 --> 00:30:29,980
+available in the two languages, in Arab, but it is
+
+349
+00:30:29,980 --> 00:30:33,720
+covert in English while overt in Arabic. Still, we
+
+350
+00:30:33,720 --> 00:30:38,980
+have mood. Mood is available in both languages.
+
+351
+00:30:40,180 --> 00:30:43,920
+Okay? So, we have what is called,
+
+352
+00:30:47,420 --> 00:30:52,540
+it's necessary that everyone abide to the law. If
+
+353
+00:30:52,540 --> 00:30:55,490
+you could just write down. Write down in your
+
+354
+00:30:55,490 --> 00:31:02,070
+notebooks, it's necessary that everyone abide to
+
+355
+00:31:02,070 --> 00:31:02,470
+the law.
+
+356
+00:31:05,250 --> 00:31:10,930
+It's necessary that everyone should abide to the
+
+357
+00:31:10,930 --> 00:31:16,990
+law. It's necessary for everyone to abide to the
+
+358
+00:31:16,990 --> 00:31:17,210
+law.
+
+359
+00:31:20,250 --> 00:31:27,270
+I repeat, It is necessary that everyone abide to
+
+360
+00:31:27,270 --> 00:31:34,370
+the law. Next, it's necessary that everyone should
+
+361
+00:31:34,370 --> 00:31:40,750
+abide to the law. Next, it's necessary for
+
+362
+00:31:40,750 --> 00:31:44,250
+everyone to abide to the law. I need you to
+
+363
+00:31:44,250 --> 00:31:47,330
+translate these three sentences and come ready for
+
+364
+00:31:47,330 --> 00:31:50,650
+discussion next time. That's it for today. Thank
+
+365
+00:31:50,650 --> 00:31:50,810
+you.
+
+366
+00:31:53,890 --> 00:31:55,050
+Yeah.
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/wbhF1Rs8xZo.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1617 @@
+
+1
+00:00:18,380 --> 00:00:22,040
+Last time we spoke about the stress in English and
+
+2
+00:00:22,040 --> 00:00:25,840
+Arabic and we found that there is a big difference
+
+3
+00:00:25,840 --> 00:00:30,750
+between the two languages. The stress system of
+
+4
+00:00:30,750 --> 00:00:36,150
+English is of time intervals. However, the stress
+
+5
+00:00:36,150 --> 00:00:41,390
+of Arabic is of syllabic... it is syllabic time.
+
+6
+00:00:42,850 --> 00:00:47,590
+So, it is not necessarily to have every single
+
+7
+00:00:47,590 --> 00:00:52,130
+word stressed in English. However, every single
+
+8
+00:00:52,130 --> 00:00:56,970
+word is stressed in Arabic. Every single word is
+
+9
+00:00:56,970 --> 00:01:04,390
+stressed in Arabic. So the situation is that our
+
+10
+00:01:04,390 --> 00:01:08,370
+students, once learning English, they shift the
+
+11
+00:01:08,370 --> 00:01:11,890
+stress system of Arabic into English and they
+
+12
+00:01:11,890 --> 00:01:15,190
+stress every single word. This comes out with a
+
+13
+00:01:15,190 --> 00:01:18,190
+heavy accent that cannot be understood by native
+
+14
+00:01:18,190 --> 00:01:26,470
+speakers. Last time we explained certain rules for
+
+15
+00:01:26,470 --> 00:01:36,590
+the stress. And we found that we have almost a
+
+16
+00:01:36,590 --> 00:01:44,070
+systematic system for the stress in English. But
+
+17
+00:01:44,070 --> 00:01:48,250
+this system cannot apply to all words of English
+
+18
+00:01:48,250 --> 00:01:52,990
+mainly because these words are borrowed from other
+
+19
+00:01:52,990 --> 00:01:59,050
+languages. So every group of words has its own
+
+20
+00:01:59,050 --> 00:02:05,290
+system of stress. It depends on its origin. So the
+
+21
+00:02:05,290 --> 00:02:11,050
+Anglo-Saxon words mostly have stress in the first
+
+22
+00:02:11,050 --> 00:02:17,930
+syllable. But this cannot apply to Latin words or
+
+23
+00:02:17,930 --> 00:02:21,850
+English words of Latin origin or Portuguese or
+
+24
+00:02:21,850 --> 00:02:28,710
+etc. Okay? So, I tried to introduce the stress
+
+25
+00:02:28,710 --> 00:02:35,810
+system last time by introducing the syllables and
+
+26
+00:02:35,810 --> 00:02:40,230
+the suffixes at the end of a word and how the
+
+27
+00:02:40,230 --> 00:02:46,670
+stress is available. Okay? Today, we'll try to
+
+28
+00:02:46,670 --> 00:02:53,540
+check your understanding and see how You
+
+29
+00:02:53,540 --> 00:02:57,580
+understood the last lecture, but after completing
+
+30
+00:02:57,580 --> 00:03:02,400
+the second section of this lecture, which is about
+
+31
+00:03:02,400 --> 00:03:06,340
+the stress in Arabic. So let's see.
+
+32
+00:03:10,280 --> 00:03:16,160
+We mentioned that the stress is prominent in words
+
+33
+00:03:16,160 --> 00:03:20,080
+in English, I mean words in isolation. However,
+
+34
+00:03:20,240 --> 00:03:25,710
+the sentence stress can be shifted. So I say, for
+
+35
+00:03:25,710 --> 00:03:31,670
+example, princess, princess Diana. I move this
+
+36
+00:03:31,670 --> 00:03:36,750
+list to the beginning of the word princess, okay,
+
+37
+00:03:37,230 --> 00:03:40,310
+in connected speech. However, in isolation, it is
+
+38
+00:03:40,310 --> 00:03:44,850
+princess, the second syllable.
+
+39
+00:03:51,540 --> 00:03:53,600
+the stress we mentioned that the stress in the
+
+40
+00:03:53,600 --> 00:04:00,400
+sentence changed the meaning okay so I thought you
+
+41
+00:04:00,400 --> 00:04:04,600
+would you would eat it this means that he have you
+
+42
+00:04:04,600 --> 00:04:09,100
+have eaten it I thought you would eat it this
+
+43
+00:04:09,100 --> 00:04:13,560
+means that you haven't eaten it so the meaning
+
+44
+00:04:13,560 --> 00:04:16,740
+changed according to the position of stress here
+
+45
+00:04:16,740 --> 00:04:20,300
+we
+
+46
+00:04:20,300 --> 00:04:24,510
+spoke about the stress and its connection to
+
+47
+00:04:24,510 --> 00:04:28,530
+rhythm of English and we found that the rhythm
+
+48
+00:04:28,530 --> 00:04:35,550
+itself is a number of stresses okay these stresses
+
+49
+00:04:35,550 --> 00:04:39,670
+are of time intervals in English as we mentioned
+
+50
+00:04:39,670 --> 00:04:44,750
+while of Arabic in Arabic it is of it is stress
+
+51
+00:04:44,750 --> 00:04:48,630
+timed okay so
+
+52
+00:04:50,750 --> 00:04:53,690
+The stress of English is bound to time intervals,
+
+53
+00:04:54,530 --> 00:04:58,350
+while in Arabic it is bound to stress intervals,
+
+54
+00:04:59,610 --> 00:05:01,050
+to syllabic intervals, sorry.
+
+55
+00:05:06,190 --> 00:05:10,670
+We don't have, as I mentioned previously, purely
+
+56
+00:05:11,850 --> 00:05:15,910
+or neatly systematic rules for putting the stress.
+
+57
+00:05:16,050 --> 00:05:20,790
+Every single word has its own system of stress.
+
+58
+00:05:21,330 --> 00:05:29,010
+Every single group of words have their own system
+
+59
+00:05:29,010 --> 00:05:33,510
+of stress. However, we have estimate rules as we
+
+60
+00:05:33,510 --> 00:05:35,270
+mentioned last time.
+
+61
+00:05:45,240 --> 00:05:50,760
+We've seen the placement of stress for nouns, for
+
+62
+00:05:50,760 --> 00:05:55,660
+verbs, for adjectives, etc. last time and we found
+
+63
+00:05:55,660 --> 00:06:02,640
+differences between them. Okay? And also we've
+
+64
+00:06:02,640 --> 00:06:08,440
+seen the phrase stress and how it changes the
+
+65
+00:06:08,440 --> 00:06:08,760
+meaning.
+
+66
+00:06:13,580 --> 00:06:20,360
+For example, This sentence, the big boys written a
+
+67
+00:06:20,360 --> 00:06:20,960
+good report.
+
+68
+00:06:24,860 --> 00:06:30,580
+So you have three words stressed. This is bound to
+
+69
+00:06:30,580 --> 00:06:35,800
+time intervals as you see. It's very difficult for
+
+70
+00:06:35,800 --> 00:06:37,760
+the Arab learners to pronounce this sentence
+
+71
+00:06:37,760 --> 00:06:40,820
+mainly because every single word in Arabic is
+
+72
+00:06:40,820 --> 00:06:44,620
+stressed. So you find your students say, the big
+
+73
+00:06:44,620 --> 00:06:50,000
+boy has written a good report, which is not
+
+74
+00:06:50,000 --> 00:06:54,420
+English. The big boy has written a good report.
+
+75
+00:06:57,400 --> 00:07:01,280
+It's completely different. So,
+
+76
+00:07:03,650 --> 00:07:07,450
+The stress, as you see, is bound to, we have here
+
+77
+00:07:07,450 --> 00:07:15,310
+three chunks. Every chunk is stressed and we have
+
+78
+00:07:15,310 --> 00:07:21,830
+syllables equal in time intervals once pronouncing
+
+79
+00:07:21,830 --> 00:07:24,570
+the sentence. The big boys written a good report.
+
+80
+00:07:30,590 --> 00:07:36,130
+We have spoken about the compound nouns and found
+
+81
+00:07:36,130 --> 00:07:42,550
+that the compound nouns are also of a certain
+
+82
+00:07:42,550 --> 00:07:49,230
+system. The compound noun of two words, two nouns,
+
+83
+00:07:50,250 --> 00:07:52,250
+has this list in the first syllable, as we
+
+84
+00:07:52,250 --> 00:07:56,710
+mentioned last time. I say tie brighter, teacup,
+
+85
+00:07:59,150 --> 00:08:10,310
+teabag. Hot dog Sandwich Sandwich The first part
+
+86
+00:08:10,310 --> 00:08:18,330
+is stressed Okay We
+
+87
+00:08:18,330 --> 00:08:25,930
+have White house White house It's different from
+
+88
+00:08:25,930 --> 00:08:33,290
+white house The first one is the governmental
+
+89
+00:08:33,290 --> 00:08:37,170
+building in the United States. While the second
+
+90
+00:08:37,170 --> 00:08:43,330
+one, any White House. So White House, which one of
+
+91
+00:08:43,330 --> 00:08:46,010
+them? The first or the second?
+
+92
+00:08:51,390 --> 00:08:57,590
+When I say White House, the second. The first,
+
+93
+00:08:57,930 --> 00:09:03,620
+White House. The first, okay? So they differ in
+
+94
+00:09:03,620 --> 00:09:08,960
+meaning. As we mentioned last time, the stress has
+
+95
+00:09:08,960 --> 00:09:12,940
+grammatical function and also has semantic
+
+96
+00:09:12,940 --> 00:09:16,040
+function. So the position of the stress
+
+97
+00:09:16,040 --> 00:09:21,020
+differentiates the meaning. This is applicable in
+
+98
+00:09:21,020 --> 00:09:26,160
+compound nouns and also in words in isolation. We
+
+99
+00:09:26,160 --> 00:09:31,800
+spoke about the verb noun words like for example
+
+100
+00:09:31,800 --> 00:09:37,880
+report the stress is in the first syllable report
+
+101
+00:09:37,880 --> 00:09:44,480
+the second subject first syllable noun subject
+
+102
+00:09:44,480 --> 00:09:54,560
+object object you see so we have differences
+
+103
+00:09:54,560 --> 00:10:00,340
+between them according to their function in the
+
+104
+00:10:00,340 --> 00:10:04,540
+language, either verbs or nouns. So in case of
+
+105
+00:10:04,540 --> 00:10:07,180
+having a noun, the stress is in the first
+
+106
+00:10:07,180 --> 00:10:10,800
+syllable. In case of having a verb, the stress is
+
+107
+00:10:10,800 --> 00:10:15,360
+in the second syllable. Even the stress can
+
+108
+00:10:15,360 --> 00:10:19,660
+differentiate the meaning of the whole sentence if
+
+109
+00:10:19,660 --> 00:10:23,740
+you shift it from one word to another. This is
+
+110
+00:10:23,740 --> 00:10:28,680
+called contrastive stress. Contrastive stress. I
+
+111
+00:10:28,680 --> 00:10:32,520
+here have four sentences. They are similar to each
+
+112
+00:10:32,520 --> 00:10:38,300
+other. So we need to pronounce them and then to
+
+113
+00:10:38,300 --> 00:10:41,120
+give their meanings. We need to translate them
+
+114
+00:10:41,120 --> 00:10:47,160
+into Arabic. So the first sentence, I never gave
+
+115
+00:10:47,160 --> 00:10:51,960
+you that book. The second one, I never gave you
+
+116
+00:10:51,960 --> 00:10:56,440
+that book. The third one, I never gave you that
+
+117
+00:10:56,440 --> 00:11:01,430
+book. The fourth one, I never gave you that book.
+
+118
+00:11:03,730 --> 00:11:09,730
+So every single sentence has a meaning that
+
+119
+00:11:09,730 --> 00:11:13,950
+differs from the others. I need you to translate
+
+120
+00:11:13,950 --> 00:11:18,370
+them into Arabic after being trained or after
+
+121
+00:11:18,370 --> 00:11:23,450
+trying to pronounce them secretly.
+
+122
+00:11:24,990 --> 00:11:25,750
+Okay?
+
+123
+00:11:30,000 --> 00:11:34,020
+So try to think just in two minutes time.
+
+124
+00:11:40,340 --> 00:11:44,180
+I never gave you that book. I never gave you that
+
+125
+00:11:44,180 --> 00:11:48,520
+book. Never gave you that book. I never gave you
+
+126
+00:11:48,520 --> 00:11:49,060
+that book.
+
+127
+00:11:52,220 --> 00:11:54,920
+So the sentences are completely different from
+
+128
+00:11:54,920 --> 00:11:56,480
+each other semantically.
+
+129
+00:12:00,210 --> 00:12:05,370
+Who could try to translate the first sentence?
+
+130
+00:12:22,930 --> 00:12:24,210
+Yes.
+
+131
+00:12:30,650 --> 00:12:34,050
+I am not. Maybe someone else.
+
+132
+00:12:39,370 --> 00:12:42,050
+I never gave you that book. Okay?
+
+133
+00:12:45,450 --> 00:12:51,390
+This means that I did not give you the book. Maybe
+
+134
+00:12:51,390 --> 00:12:55,770
+someone else gave you the book. Do you have this,
+
+135
+00:12:55,970 --> 00:12:59,050
+the same translation? Is that you mean? Is that
+
+136
+00:12:59,050 --> 00:13:01,260
+what you mean? So what do you mean?
+
+137
+00:13:04,420 --> 00:13:09,680
+No, no. The sentence here, I never give you that
+
+138
+00:13:09,680 --> 00:13:12,860
+book, this means that somebody else gave you the
+
+139
+00:13:12,860 --> 00:13:16,620
+book. The second sentence, I never give you that
+
+140
+00:13:16,620 --> 00:13:16,880
+book.
+
+141
+00:13:30,250 --> 00:13:34,830
+Who could just translate this sentence? I'll never
+
+142
+00:13:34,830 --> 00:13:35,990
+give you that book.
+
+143
+00:13:46,270 --> 00:13:52,250
+It means I have ever never given you that book at
+
+144
+00:13:52,250 --> 00:14:00,590
+any time whatsoever. Okay? Yes, that's good. I
+
+145
+00:14:00,590 --> 00:14:01,810
+never gave you that book.
+
+146
+00:14:07,470 --> 00:14:13,990
+I never gave you that book. What does this mean?
+
+147
+00:14:17,870 --> 00:14:18,350
+Sorry.
+
+148
+00:14:29,480 --> 00:14:30,020
+No,
+
+149
+00:14:33,280 --> 00:14:37,160
+no. Sorry. Who would just give the correct
+
+150
+00:14:37,160 --> 00:14:43,420
+translation? When I gave you that book, I might
+
+151
+00:14:43,420 --> 00:14:46,720
+give
+
+152
+00:14:46,720 --> 00:14:52,500
+you the book, but it seems that I forgot. I forgot
+
+153
+00:14:52,500 --> 00:14:57,500
+whether I gave you this book or not. So, I might
+
+154
+00:14:57,500 --> 00:15:01,340
+have given you the book. This is the translation.
+
+155
+00:15:03,520 --> 00:15:05,100
+I'll never give you that book.
+
+156
+00:15:08,760 --> 00:15:09,220
+Yes?
+
+157
+00:15:14,860 --> 00:15:19,120
+You, not somebody else? What does it mean?
+
+158
+00:15:23,110 --> 00:15:27,050
+This means that I never gave you that book, but I
+
+159
+00:15:27,050 --> 00:15:32,210
+gave it to someone else? Yes, that's true.
+
+160
+00:15:32,930 --> 00:15:38,650
+Correct. Okay. I never gave you that book. This
+
+161
+00:15:38,650 --> 00:15:44,090
+means that I never gave you that book, but I might
+
+162
+00:15:44,090 --> 00:15:49,370
+give it to someone else. Or I might have given it
+
+163
+00:15:49,370 --> 00:15:54,050
+to someone else. Okay? So the meaning changed
+
+164
+00:15:54,050 --> 00:15:57,350
+according to the position of stress. In the first
+
+165
+00:15:57,350 --> 00:16:01,410
+sentence, you have the stress on the pronoun I.
+
+166
+00:16:02,130 --> 00:16:06,570
+The second, on never. And the third, the verb
+
+167
+00:16:06,570 --> 00:16:11,830
+gave. And the third, the pronoun you. So the
+
+168
+00:16:11,830 --> 00:16:16,590
+sentences differ in pronunciation and differ also
+
+169
+00:16:16,590 --> 00:16:19,810
+in meaning. I never gave you that book. Sorry. I
+
+170
+00:16:19,810 --> 00:16:23,640
+never gave you that book. I never gave you that
+
+171
+00:16:23,640 --> 00:16:27,980
+book. I never gave you that book. I never gave you
+
+172
+00:16:27,980 --> 00:16:32,420
+that book. Okay? So this is called
+
+173
+00:16:32,420 --> 00:16:33,320
+contrastlessness.
+
+174
+00:16:35,880 --> 00:16:37,940
+Even we have this in Arabic as well.
+
+175
+00:16:43,220 --> 00:16:46,300
+So we have it also in Arabic.
+
+176
+00:16:53,410 --> 00:16:54,530
+When I say, for example,
+
+177
+00:16:57,250 --> 00:17:02,370
+ذهبت إلى المدرسة اليوم. ذهبت إلى المدرسة اليوم.
+
+178
+00:17:05,110 --> 00:17:11,270
+ذهبت اليوم إلى، sorry ذهبت إلى المدرسة اليوم. So
+
+179
+00:17:11,270 --> 00:17:15,150
+once I move the stress from one word to another, I
+
+180
+00:17:15,150 --> 00:17:18,750
+change the meaning even in Arabic. So we have
+
+181
+00:17:18,750 --> 00:17:22,110
+contrastive stress in Arabic as well. Okay?
+
+182
+00:17:22,730 --> 00:17:25,630
+Wherever you put the stress, you change the
+
+183
+00:17:25,630 --> 00:17:32,230
+meaning. As I mentioned, the Arabic stress is
+
+184
+00:17:32,230 --> 00:17:38,890
+bound to syllables. It is syllabic timed. It's
+
+185
+00:17:38,890 --> 00:17:45,150
+bound to syllable intervals. This means that every
+
+186
+00:17:45,150 --> 00:17:47,610
+single word is stressed, not every single
+
+187
+00:17:47,610 --> 00:17:50,850
+syllable. I say every single word is stressed in
+
+188
+00:17:50,850 --> 00:17:54,880
+Arabic. But this cannot be applicable to English.
+
+189
+00:18:01,120 --> 00:18:01,960
+Okay?
+
+190
+00:18:05,040 --> 00:18:12,260
+The stressed Arabic is
+
+191
+00:18:12,260 --> 00:18:15,920
+available according to the syllables. So we have
+
+192
+00:18:15,920 --> 00:18:21,040
+the Arabic words can be either C, V, يعني
+
+193
+00:18:21,040 --> 00:18:29,220
+consonant vowel or cvv or cvc or cvvc يعني
+
+194
+00:18:29,220 --> 00:18:35,780
+consonant vowel vowel consonant or cvcc consonant
+
+195
+00:18:35,780 --> 00:18:43,720
+vowel consonant consonant okay so
+
+196
+00:18:43,720 --> 00:18:49,210
+every syllable begins with a consonant or else A
+
+197
+00:18:49,210 --> 00:18:51,770
+consonant is borrowed from a previous word through
+
+198
+00:18:51,770 --> 00:18:55,710
+a legend, as you see, like the definite article
+
+199
+00:18:55,710 --> 00:19:01,150
+ال. Once you pronounce it within the sentence, I
+
+200
+00:19:01,150 --> 00:19:04,910
+say ذهبت إلى المدرسة. إلى المدرسة. I cannot say
+
+201
+
+223
+00:21:05,860 --> 00:21:08,580
+However, words of two syllables, two or three
+
+224
+00:21:08,580 --> 00:21:11,200
+syllables, take primary stress on the first
+
+225
+00:21:11,200 --> 00:21:20,900
+syllable. I say, أنا, أنا, two syllables. أبدًا
+
+226
+00:21:22,330 --> 00:21:29,270
+Two syllables كتبة Three syllables كتبة So the
+
+227
+00:21:29,270 --> 00:21:38,250
+stress is on the first syllable كتبة أبدا
+
+228
+00:21:38,250 --> 00:21:47,750
+The first syllable أنا The first syllable Okay
+
+229
+00:21:54,320 --> 00:21:57,440
+Now, the multisyllable words have the stress
+
+230
+00:21:57,440 --> 00:22:01,740
+mostly on the last syllable. If you have a word of
+
+231
+00:22:01,740 --> 00:22:05,240
+more than two, three syllables, multisyllable,
+
+232
+00:22:05,620 --> 00:22:08,280
+then the stress is in the last syllable in Arabic.
+
+233
+00:22:12,260 --> 00:22:18,500
+The last
+
+234
+00:22:18,500 --> 00:22:19,380
+syllable is stressed.
+
+235
+00:22:30,230 --> 00:22:38,070
+if the word is CVCC or the syllable is CVCC or
+
+236
+00:22:38,070 --> 00:22:42,730
+CVVC then this list is in the final syllable when
+
+237
+00:22:42,730 --> 00:22:44,250
+I say for example كتبت
+
+238
+00:22:47,720 --> 00:22:52,780
+You find your voice rises quite high at the end of
+
+239
+00:22:52,780 --> 00:23:08,180
+a word. Now we
+
+240
+00:23:08,180 --> 00:23:11,880
+have
+
+241
+00:23:11,880 --> 00:23:16,160
+some articles in Arabic which are not stressed. if
+
+242
+00:23:16,160 --> 00:23:21,560
+followed with two consonants like  and if they
+
+243
+00:23:21,560 --> 00:23:30,500
+don't have secondary stress في في البيت في البيت
+
+244
+00:23:30,500 --> 00:23:36,000
+البيت if you have an article في followed by two
+
+245
+00:23:36,000 --> 00:23:41,140
+consonants ال ب then the في article is not
+
+246
+00:23:41,140 --> 00:23:43,040
+stressed في البيت
+
+247
+00:23:46,170 --> 00:23:51,850
+في بيتنا في بيتنا you find that my voice is quite
+
+248
+00:23:51,850 --> 00:23:58,110
+high in في بي في بيتنا why because في is followed
+
+249
+00:23:58,110 --> 00:24:01,710
+by one consonant not two so it is stressed
+
+250
+00:24:11,530 --> 00:24:15,330
+In case of having inversion of subject, once you
+
+251
+00:24:15,330 --> 00:24:18,770
+move the subject to the beginning of the sentence,
+
+252
+00:24:18,870 --> 00:24:22,630
+to the sentence initial position, you stress the
+
+253
+00:24:22,630 --> 00:24:28,090
+inversion system. So inversion of subject and
+
+254
+00:24:28,090 --> 00:24:31,010
+predicate seems to change the word on which the
+
+255
+00:24:31,010 --> 00:24:35,510
+stress folds, but not the stress type. So الرجل في
+
+256
+00:24:35,510 --> 00:24:42,000
+البيت. الرجل في البيت. البيت is stressed الرجل في
+
+257
+00:24:42,000 --> 00:24:50,480
+البيت في البيتي رجل the stress remains at final
+
+258
+00:24:50,480 --> 00:24:56,460
+position either البيت or الرجل I spoke about the
+
+259
+00:24:56,460 --> 00:25:01,540
+constructed state the possessive sentence or the
+
+260
+00:25:01,540 --> 00:25:04,320
+possessive phrase has the stress in the second
+
+261
+00:25:04,320 --> 00:25:07,700
+part I mean the constructed state is always
+
+262
+00:25:07,700 --> 00:25:08,780
+stressed
+
+263
+00:25:18,380 --> 00:25:23,720
+The second part
+
+264
+00:25:23,720 --> 00:25:26,580
+is always a constructed state. So, the constructed
+
+265
+00:25:26,580 --> 00:25:28,560
+state is always stressed.
+
+266
+00:25:33,760 --> 00:25:37,580
+In case of having a compound noun consisting of
+
+267
+00:25:38,800 --> 00:25:43,740
+noun plus adjective then
+
+268
+00:25:43,740 --> 00:25:49,080
+the noun receives the stress I say فستان أزرق
+
+269
+00:25:49,080 --> 00:25:58,040
+فستان is stressed and this differs from a sentence
+
+270
+00:25:58,040 --> 00:26:01,900
+like كتاب الولدي as I mentioned because here the
+
+271
+00:26:01,900 --> 00:26:04,860
+stress is on the possessor not the possessee
+
+272
+00:26:09,810 --> 00:26:13,490
+So you have in Arabic every single word stressed
+
+273
+00:26:13,490 --> 00:26:18,470
+in Arabic not every single syllable however we
+
+274
+00:26:18,470 --> 00:26:21,450
+don't have every single word stressed in case of
+
+275
+00:26:21,450 --> 00:26:29,390
+English so كتب الولد تقريرا جيدا كتب the first
+
+276
+00:26:29,390 --> 00:26:34,450
+syllable كتب الولد و the first syllable تقريرا
+
+277
+00:26:34,450 --> 00:26:37,110
+this is the middle جيدا the first
+
+278
+00:26:39,840 --> 00:26:44,260
+This is your Arabic. Every single word is
+
+279
+00:26:44,260 --> 00:26:49,340
+stressed. But this cannot correspond to English.
+
+280
+00:26:49,800 --> 00:26:53,060
+This is why you have your students move the Arabic
+
+281
+00:26:53,060 --> 00:26:56,680
+system of stress into English and begin to
+
+282
+00:26:56,680 --> 00:27:00,440
+pronounce English in a heavy accent that cannot be
+
+283
+00:27:00,440 --> 00:27:03,200
+understood mostly by native speakers.
+
+284
+00:27:06,160 --> 00:27:11,410
+Okay. Now we have what is called contrastive
+
+285
+00:27:11,410 --> 00:27:14,790
+stress. I say,
+
+286
+00:27:17,810 --> 00:27:23,770
+«Sami wajah damuna.» «Sami wajah damuna.» «Sami
+
+287
+00:27:23,770 --> 00:27:29,200
+wajah damuna.» So you have the stress moving from
+
+288
+00:27:29,200 --> 00:27:32,160
+one word to another in the three sentences,
+
+289
+00:27:32,460 --> 00:27:36,480
+changing the meaning. So it is the same system as
+
+290
+00:27:36,480 --> 00:27:43,040
+the contrastive stress in English. I never gave
+
+291
+00:27:43,040 --> 00:27:48,120
+you that book. I never gave you that book. I never
+
+292
+00:27:48,120 --> 00:27:52,240
+gave you that book. Okay? So it is the same
+
+293
+00:27:52,240 --> 00:27:55,280
+system. But this is optional. It depends on the
+
+294
+00:27:55,280 --> 00:27:58,340
+speaker. So you can stress whatever word you like
+
+295
+00:27:58,340 --> 00:28:05,320
+just to convey a certain meaning. Now, we'll try
+
+296
+00:28:05,320 --> 00:28:09,860
+to make some sort of discussion for the stress
+
+297
+00:28:09,860 --> 00:28:14,660
+system in English and see the points of
+
+298
+00:28:14,660 --> 00:28:15,200
+interference
+
+299
+00:28:19,160 --> 00:28:22,240
+In your pronunciation, I hope that you pronounce
+
+300
+00:28:22,240 --> 00:28:22,740
+correctly.
+
+301
+00:28:25,840 --> 00:28:29,860
+But we need to check your pronunciation.
+
+302
+00:28:47,320 --> 00:28:47,920
+Okay.
+
+303
+00:28:57,140 --> 00:28:58,540
+So,
+
+304
+00:29:01,420 --> 00:29:01,680
+okay.
+
+305
+00:29:37,730 --> 00:29:46,210
+So we need to ask anyone of you to pronounce these
+
+306
+00:29:46,210 --> 00:29:55,390
+words. Just one word. The first one. Again. Enjoy.
+
+307
+00:29:57,350 --> 00:29:58,250
+Where's the stress?
+
+308
+00:30:04,510 --> 00:30:09,650
+The first one, enjoy. Where do you have it? In the
+
+309
+00:30:09,650 --> 00:30:10,470
+second syllable.
+
+310
+00:30:13,230 --> 00:30:21,390
+Next. Yes. Document. The stress is in the first
+
+311
+00:30:21,390 --> 00:30:23,390
+syllable. Excellent. Could you have your name?
+
+312
+00:30:24,990 --> 00:30:26,930
+Excellent. Next.
+
+313
+00:30:30,290 --> 00:30:34,250
+Where's the stress? In the second syllable.
+
+314
+00:30:36,910 --> 00:30:37,950
+Next.
+
+315
+00:30:45,070 --> 00:30:51,470
+This is Arabic. Afternoon. Afternoon. Where's the
+
+316
+00:30:51,470 --> 00:30:56,830
+stress? No. Afternoon. This is the correct
+
+317
+00:30:56,830 --> 00:31:01,420
+pronunciation. Afternoon. The stress is in the
+
+318
+00:31:01,420 --> 00:31:01,780
+second.
+
+319
+00:31:05,400 --> 00:31:05,900
+Yes.
+
+320
+00:31:10,000 --> 00:31:15,260
+Volunteer. The stress is the last syllable.
+
+321
+00:31:24,660 --> 00:31:33,620
+Yes, next. Japanese? This is Arabic. Japanese is,
+
+322
+00:31:33,740 --> 00:31:35,760
+this is this this, the last syllable.
+
+323
+00:31:38,640 --> 00:31:45,740
+Yes? Arabic بتقوليه. Unique.
+
+324
+00:31:49,280 --> 00:31:52,500
+Employee. The last syllable.
+
+325
+00:31:55,720 --> 00:32:04,120
+Boutique. The last syllable. Next. Antique. The
+
+326
+00:32:04,120 --> 00:32:04,680
+last syllable.
+
+327
+00:32:15,340 --> 00:32:16,740
+Technique.
+
+328
+00:32:19,900 --> 00:32:23,620
+Engineer. Career.
+
+329
+00:32:26,940 --> 00:32:28,340
+Mountaineer.
+
+330
+00:32:31,770 --> 00:32:33,170
+Official.
+
+331
+00:32:35,170 --> 00:32:35,650
+Visual.
+
+332
+00:32:39,670 --> 00:32:43,210
+Politician. Where's the stress?
+
+333
+00:32:49,550 --> 00:32:56,870
+Here you have the stress? The second. Yes. The
+
+334
+00:32:56,870 --> 00:33:03,910
+second Or the first after the suffix politician
+
+335
+00:33:03,910 --> 00:33:14,230
+Okay Addition,
+
+336
+00:33:14,450 --> 00:33:21,390
+addition, addition Next
+
+337
+00:33:21,390 --> 00:33:27,090
+Ancient,
+
+338
+00:33:27,510 --> 00:33:33,180
+where is this? Ancient. Ancient. Where is the
+
+339
+00:33:33,180 --> 00:33:39,760
+stress? The first syllable. Yes. Next.
+
+340
+00:33:45,160 --> 00:33:51,540
+Spacious. Spacious. The first syllable. Next.
+
+341
+00:33:54,540 --> 00:34:01,260
+Organic. Where is the stress? Ga. Second. Next.
+
+342
+00:34:02,840 --> 00:34:03,840
+Yes.
+
+343
+00:34:08,720 --> 00:34:14,320
+Commercial. Commercial. مش commercial. We don't
+
+344
+00:34:14,320 --> 00:34:18,660
+have gymnasium in English. Commercial. Mer. This
+
+345
+00:34:18,660 --> 00:34:21,160
+is a stress. Next.
+
+346
+00:34:23,260 --> 00:34:28,520
+Annual. Excellent. The first syllable. Next.
+
+347
+00:34:31,790 --> 00:34:35,630
+Indian, the first syllable. Next.
+
+348
+00:34:40,310 --> 00:34:44,790
+And if someone just pronounce it correctly. Raise
+
+349
+00:34:44,790 --> 00:34:49,170
+your voice, please. Could you pronounce it?
+
+350
+00:34:52,130 --> 00:34:58,730
+Yes. No? Television. Television. V. Television.
+
+351
+00:34:59,810 --> 00:35:04,090
+Next. Efficient.
+
+352
+00:35:08,230 --> 00:35:09,210
+No, this is Arabic.
+
+353
+00:35:12,410 --> 00:35:13,810
+Delicious.
+
+354
+00:35:16,550 --> 00:35:16,950
+Next.
+
+355
+00:35:21,470 --> 00:35:22,870
+Fantastic.
+
+356
+00:35:25,430 --> 00:35:26,950
+Ta. Yes.
+
+357
+00:35:37,070 --> 00:35:43,450
+Yes. Ability. Ability. Next.
+
+358
+00:35:51,590 --> 00:35:52,990
+Yes.
+
+359
+00:35:55,410 --> 00:36:03,210
+No. Diameter. Diameter. Yes. Diameter.
+
+360
+00:36:08,820 --> 00:36:17,100
+So, the suffix is meta. Dia is the stress. Next.
+
+361
+00:36:25,200 --> 00:36:31,080
+Yes. The stress in the first syllable. So, it is
+
+362
+00:36:31,080 --> 00:36:31,820
+medical.
+
+363
+00:36:34,280 --> 00:36:35,160
+Next.
+
+364
+00:36:39,730 --> 00:36:47,590
+No. Biography. Where's the stress? U, O.
+
+365
+00:36:48,430 --> 00:36:49,830
+Biography.
+
+366
+00:36:53,050 --> 00:37:00,810
+Next. Biology. Your type.
+
+367
+00:37:01,630 --> 00:37:01,970
+Next.
+
+368
+00:37:10,350 --> 00:37:15,250
+I could not hear you. Simplify. The stress in the
+
+369
+00:37:15,250 --> 00:37:17,490
+first syllable. Next.
+
+370
+00:37:24,430 --> 00:37:29,090
+Nationality. Where is the stress? Yes.
+
+371
+00:37:45,990 --> 00:37:51,550
+Thermometer. Thermometer. Next?
+
+372
+00:37:56,050 --> 00:37:59,110
+Electrical. Next?
+
+373
+00:38:02,130 --> 00:38:05,450
+Unify. Unify. First.
+
+374
+00:38:08,590 --> 00:38:11,890
+Where's the stress? Co.
+
+375
+00:38:14,370 --> 00:38:15,570
+Psychology. Next.
+
+376
+00:38:18,610 --> 00:38:19,310
+Where is the stress?
+
+377
+00:38:23,770 --> 00:38:26,070
+Operate. The stress in the first syllable.
+
+378
+00:38:36,210 --> 00:38:38,510
+Apologize. The stress in the first syllable.
+
+379
+00:38:45,530 --> 00:38:50,230
+Dangerous. The first syllable. Next.
+
+380
+00:38:53,530 --> 00:39:01,390
+Necessary. The first syllable. Next. Dominate.
+
+381
+00:39:03,450 --> 00:39:04,310
+Next.
+
+382
+00:39:08,530 --> 00:39:11,650
+Exaggerate. Next.
+
+383
+00:39:15,390 --> 00:39:32,710
+Integrate. The first syllable. Next. This is
+
+384
+00:39:32,710 --> 00:39:36,690
+Arabic. Certificate. This is Arabic. Certificate.
+
+385
+00:39:37,830 --> 00:39:38,710
+Next.
+
+386
+00:39:45,810 --> 00:39:47,010
+Socialize.
+
+387
+00:39:49,090 --> 00:39:52,710
+Next. It is the first syllable, socialize.
+
+388
+00:39:54,250 --> 00:40:02,050
+Criticize, the first. Yes. Emphasize, the first.
+
+389
+00:40:06,870 --> 00:40:15,430
+Recognize, the first syllable. Where is
+
+390
+00:40:15,430 --> 00:40:21,130
+it? What is this? Okay. Next.
+
+391
+00:40:25,570 --> 00:40:26,970
+Obvious.
+
+392
+00:40:28,730 --> 00:40:29,350
+Next.
+
+393
+00:40:35,930 --> 00:40:40,170
+Miscellaneous. C. Miscellaneous.
+
+394
+00:40:42,590 --> 00:40:43,990
+Yes.
+
+395
+00:40:48,950 --> 00:40:51,310
+So you see the system is completely different.
+
+396
+00:40:53,030 --> 00:40:57,630
+Every single group of words has
+
+397
+00:40:57,630 --> 00:41:05,310
+its own system of pronunciation. And this produces
+
+398
+00:41:05,310 --> 00:41:08,210
+what is called interlingual and interlingual
+
+399
+00:41:08,210 --> 00:41:14,530
+errors. For the interlingual errors, as you've
+
+400
+00:41:14,530 --> 00:41:17,970
+seen,they are available in the weak forms of
+
+401
+00:41:17,970 --> 00:41:22,470
+English mainly the schwa they are available in
+
+402
+00:41:22,470 --> 00:41:27,650
+however in Arabic we only have two clusters okay
+
+403
+00:41:27,650 --> 00:41:30,530
+so this makes your students fracture the
+
+404
+00:41:30,530 --> 00:41:35,270
+clusterization system by inserting a vowel after
+
+405
+00:41:35,270 --> 00:41:40,210
+each consonant of English okay as we've seen in a
+
+406
+00:41:40,210 --> 00:41:45,440
+word like street it is pronounced as a street or
+
+407
+00:41:45,440 --> 00:41:50,440
+street, okay, wrongly. So, this is called
+
+408
+00:41:50,440 --> 00:41:56,900
+interlingual error, okay? Now, we also have seen
+
+409
+00:41:56,900 --> 00:41:59,940
+what's called the gymnasium system, which is
+
+410
+00:41:59,940 --> 00:42:04,100
+available in Arabic. The gymnasium system is not
+
+411
+00:42:04,100 --> 00:42:09,360
+available in English. So, we don't have words of
+
+412
+00:42:09,360 --> 00:42:12,600
+double of doubling in English like for example
+
+413
+00:42:12,600 --> 00:42:17,020
+collapse this is English but saying collapse this
+
+414
+00:42:17,020 --> 00:42:22,260
+is Arabic it's not English okay command this is
+
+415
+00:42:22,260 --> 00:42:29,280
+Arabic command correct not correct comment not
+
+416
+00:42:29,280 --> 00:42:34,120
+comment okay the stress as you see either in
+
+417
+00:42:34,120 --> 00:42:37,260
+isolation or in connected speech is quite
+
+418
+00:42:37,260 --> 00:42:40,750
+difficult okay because we don't have systematic
+
+419
+00:42:40,750 --> 00:42:45,810
+system or what is called rule-based system. We've
+
+420
+00:42:45,810 --> 00:42:49,470
+seen that the stress in Arabic is productive. It 
+
+421
+00:42:49,470 --> 00:42:53,950
+is rule-based. It's systematic. We have rules for
+
+422
+00:42:53,950 --> 00:42:58,350
+the stress in Arabic, but we cannot give perfect
+
+423
+00:42:58,350 --> 00:43:02,150
+rules for English stress. But we only introduce
+
+424
+00:43:02,150 --> 00:43:05,710
+estimate rules as we did. So you have to
+
+425
+00:43:05,710 --> 00:43:08,200
+understand these rules to correct your
+
+426
+00:43:08,200 --> 00:43:12,340

PL9fwy3NUQKwa0Sd0s-XLQCrtFM4_s2KMt/zBagEruu8lQ.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1519 @@
+1
+00:00:09,280 --> 00:00:14,200
+Pay attention. Attention please. So we have four
+
+2
+00:00:14,200 --> 00:00:19,380
+types of pitches. This is the low pitch, the
+
+3
+00:00:19,380 --> 00:00:23,080
+medial pitch, the high pitch, and the rising
+
+4
+00:00:23,080 --> 00:00:29,610
+pitch. Okay? We need to see their use in English.
+
+5
+00:00:31,110 --> 00:00:32,930
+In the English sentences, we speak about
+
+6
+00:00:32,930 --> 00:00:37,350
+declarative sentences, speak about WHO questions,
+
+7
+00:00:38,010 --> 00:00:41,590
+yes-no questions, and the attitude of speakers in
+
+8
+00:00:41,590 --> 00:00:45,710
+expressing himself or herself by echoing
+
+9
+00:00:45,710 --> 00:00:50,090
+questions or echo questions or other types of
+
+10
+00:00:50,090 --> 00:00:54,570
+attitudes as I mean feelings, the feelings of the
+
+11
+00:00:54,570 --> 00:01:03,720
+speaker. Okay? So, We have different
+
+12
+00:01:03,720 --> 00:01:07,520
+tabs according to these pitches. We have them
+
+13
+00:01:07,520 --> 00:01:12,040
+configured in six tabs according to Kharma and
+
+14
+00:01:12,040 --> 00:01:15,340
+Hajjaj. We are going to touch them one by one very
+
+15
+00:01:15,340 --> 00:01:22,700
+quickly and very briefly. Okay? So we have the
+
+16
+00:01:22,700 --> 00:01:23,940
+high fall intonation.
+
+17
+00:01:26,520 --> 00:01:33,690
+This type of this type of pitch or this type of
+
+18
+00:01:33,690 --> 00:01:38,250
+intonation the high fall here the voice starts
+
+19
+00:01:38,250 --> 00:01:44,270
+high and then falls to a low pitch okay it's used
+
+20
+00:01:44,270 --> 00:01:48,890
+for political and friendly interrogative questions
+
+21
+00:01:48,890 --> 00:01:54,270
+okay you have the topic word at the end of the
+
+22
+00:01:54,270 --> 00:02:00,690
+question rises then falls what did you buy what
+
+23
+00:02:00,690 --> 00:02:06,610
+did you buy what did you buy okay buy here we have
+
+24
+00:02:06,610 --> 00:02:12,090
+we have buy rising then falling according to
+
+25
+00:02:12,090 --> 00:02:16,290
+numbers the low is number one the mid is number
+
+26
+00:02:16,290 --> 00:02:19,950
+two the high is number three the high pitch and
+
+27
+00:02:19,950 --> 00:02:24,170
+the rising pitch is number four so this one is
+
+28
+00:02:24,170 --> 00:02:31,370
+three one so you can just have a contour line on
+
+29
+00:02:31,370 --> 00:02:34,610
+the word buy at the end of the question so it is
+
+30
+00:02:34,610 --> 00:02:40,990
+three one also
+
+31
+00:02:40,990 --> 00:02:47,670
+it is used with verbless structure I say well well
+
+32
+00:02:47,670 --> 00:02:58,250
+okay well well it is again high four, three, one,
+
+33
+00:02:58,590 --> 00:03:03,570
+okay? And also we use this talk in the end of
+
+34
+00:03:03,570 --> 00:03:08,430
+declarative sentences, declarative descriptive
+
+35
+00:03:08,430 --> 00:03:12,230
+sentences. Once you describe, for example, your
+
+36
+00:03:12,230 --> 00:03:14,870
+flat, anyone of the tenants come to rent your
+
+37
+00:03:14,870 --> 00:03:17,950
+flat, for example, you show him or her, this is
+
+38
+00:03:17,950 --> 00:03:20,770
+the dining room, this is the lounge, this is the
+
+39
+00:03:20,770 --> 00:03:23,990
+kitchen, that's the sitting room, and that's the
+
+40
+00:03:23,990 --> 00:03:28,030
+dining room. that's the dining room okay the last
+
+41
+00:03:28,030 --> 00:03:37,250
+sentence it is three one okay so the high fall the
+
+42
+00:03:37,250 --> 00:03:42,930
+high fall intonation the voice starts high and
+
+43
+00:03:42,930 --> 00:03:46,110
+falls to a low pitch as we mentioned okay it's
+
+44
+00:03:46,110 --> 00:03:49,950
+used in polite friendly and verbal structure will
+
+45
+00:03:49,950 --> 00:03:53,030
+will okay
+
+46
+00:03:57,030 --> 00:04:02,030
+also in polite and friendly and friendly
+
+47
+00:04:02,030 --> 00:04:06,490
+interrogative structure what did you eat what did
+
+48
+00:04:06,490 --> 00:04:11,990
+you eat eat okay the last one it is three one okay
+
+49
+00:04:11,990 --> 00:04:17,530
+also it's used in polite friendly imperative
+
+50
+00:04:17,530 --> 00:04:23,520
+structure call me soon call me soon Call me soon,
+
+51
+00:04:23,860 --> 00:04:31,060
+soon, soon, rise, fall. Okay. The high fall.
+
+52
+00:04:35,480 --> 00:04:39,920
+For the high fall, it is again the same thing. It
+
+53
+00:04:39,920 --> 00:04:44,580
+is continued explanation. It is used with polite
+
+54
+00:04:44,580 --> 00:04:49,420
+affirmative sentences as we mentioned. That's the
+
+55
+00:04:49,420 --> 00:04:53,460
+dining room. once you describe something okay the
+
+56
+00:04:53,460 --> 00:04:56,360
+flat or whatever you like so that's the dining
+
+57
+00:04:56,360 --> 00:05:02,580
+room okay also in demanding agreement in tech
+
+58
+00:05:02,580 --> 00:05:07,680
+question we use rise fall okay you are in serious
+
+59
+00:05:07,680 --> 00:05:13,920
+aren't you aren't you you start high then fall
+
+60
+00:05:13,920 --> 00:05:17,040
+number
+
+61
+00:05:17,040 --> 00:05:22,540
+two is high rise The voice starts low or medium
+
+62
+00:05:22,540 --> 00:05:26,420
+pitch and rises to a high pitch. Starts low,
+
+63
+00:05:26,520 --> 00:05:34,440
+number two, then rises to number three. It is used
+
+64
+00:05:34,440 --> 00:05:38,920
+in different ways. once you ask someone to repeat
+
+65
+00:05:38,920 --> 00:05:45,260
+to say sorry pardon me excuse me okay here we can
+
+66
+00:05:45,260 --> 00:05:50,720
+have this meaning by asking what did you hear okay
+
+67
+00:05:50,720 --> 00:05:55,760
+what did you see what did you see i went to the
+
+68
+00:05:55,760 --> 00:05:59,440
+zoo yesterday and i have seen i have seen lots of
+
+69
+00:05:59,440 --> 00:06:04,020
+animals lots of beasts i've seen the lion the
+
+70
+00:06:04,020 --> 00:06:09,630
+tiger and a hyena what did you see what did you
+
+71
+00:06:09,630 --> 00:06:15,250
+see this means i need the speaker to repeat okay
+
+72
+00:06:15,250 --> 00:06:21,710
+so it is two three again
+
+73
+00:06:21,710 --> 00:06:25,650
+if you need explanation if you need explanation
+
+74
+00:06:25,650 --> 00:06:27,650
+for something
+
+75
+00:06:29,320 --> 00:06:35,000
+the speakers or the speaker utter, this is done by
+
+76
+00:06:35,000 --> 00:06:39,440
+using the high rise intonation. Okay, I've taken
+
+77
+00:06:39,440 --> 00:06:45,720
+my PhD London University. London, London, okay,
+
+78
+00:06:46,320 --> 00:06:50,940
+London, it is to rise. This means that the
+
+79
+00:06:50,940 --> 00:06:54,800
+listener needs more information about London.
+
+80
+00:06:57,670 --> 00:07:01,230
+I say, for example, Baba New Guinea applied
+
+81
+00:07:01,230 --> 00:07:04,410
+yesterday for having a membership in the United
+
+82
+00:07:04,410 --> 00:07:10,390
+Nations General Assembly. Baba New Guinea? You
+
+83
+00:07:10,390 --> 00:07:15,130
+raise your voice in Baba New Guinea? This means
+
+84
+00:07:15,130 --> 00:07:18,630
+that you don't know about this state. Lots of
+
+85
+00:07:18,630 --> 00:07:23,350
+information. You need the speaker to supply you
+
+86
+00:07:23,350 --> 00:07:27,700
+with more information. okay in echoing questions
+
+87
+00:07:27,700 --> 00:07:32,880
+in echo questions also use the high rise mid high
+
+88
+00:07:32,880 --> 00:07:41,460
+two three okay for
+
+89
+00:07:41,460 --> 00:07:48,080
+example mariam
+
+90
+00:07:48,080 --> 00:07:50,740
+attended the class mariam attended the class
+
+91
+00:07:52,060 --> 00:07:55,320
+Maryam attended the class, so you raise your voice
+
+92
+00:07:55,320 --> 00:08:01,040
+on class. The class, this is two, three, okay?
+
+93
+00:08:05,480 --> 00:08:10,320
+Also for expressing astonishment or admiration, we
+
+94
+00:08:10,320 --> 00:08:14,920
+use the higher eyes. Do I know you? Do I know you?
+
+95
+00:08:15,620 --> 00:08:16,340
+Okay.
+
+96
+00:08:19,130 --> 00:08:22,030
+Once expressing agreement, as I mentioned, in
+
+97
+00:08:22,030 --> 00:08:25,850
+question tag, we use also high rise. You like to
+
+98
+00:08:25,850 --> 00:08:31,250
+drink tea? Don't you? Don't you? You raise your
+
+99
+00:08:31,250 --> 00:08:40,030
+voice on you. Two, three. Yes. High rise.
+
+100
+00:08:42,210 --> 00:08:47,310
+High rise. Number three,
+
+101
+00:08:48,090 --> 00:08:48,730
+low fall.
+
+102
+00:08:52,290 --> 00:08:54,930
+The voice starts at medium pitch, then falls to a
+
+103
+00:08:54,930 --> 00:09:04,010
+low pitch. Two, one. Medium, then low. Okay? This
+
+104
+00:09:04,010 --> 00:09:09,090
+is to express reserved expressions. Okay? Careless
+
+105
+00:09:09,090 --> 00:09:15,270
+and not interested expressions. Okay? So, for
+
+106
+00:09:15,270 --> 00:09:21,450
+example, I can tell you that According to your
+
+107
+00:09:21,450 --> 00:09:25,730
+timetable, we have comparative linguistics taught
+
+108
+00:09:25,730 --> 00:09:31,910
+to you by Dr. Amir. You say, who? Who? This means
+
+109
+00:09:31,910 --> 00:09:37,530
+that you express reserved feeling towards the
+
+110
+00:09:37,530 --> 00:09:38,970
+lecturer. Okay?
+
+111
+00:09:43,810 --> 00:09:48,550
+I say, John is coming to attend the class today.
+
+112
+00:09:49,200 --> 00:09:52,700
+Who? This means that you don't like John to come.
+
+113
+00:09:53,820 --> 00:09:54,600
+Okay, who?
+
+114
+00:09:58,820 --> 00:10:02,760
+Also once expressing verbal structure, reserved
+
+115
+00:10:02,760 --> 00:10:05,740
+verbal structure. We mean that I went, for
+
+116
+00:10:05,740 --> 00:10:08,800
+example, I went for making shopping yesterday with
+
+117
+00:10:08,800 --> 00:10:12,300
+my daughter, so I bought her a very nice Islamic
+
+118
+00:10:12,300 --> 00:10:18,510
+uniform. You say, good, good. Good. This means
+
+119
+00:10:18,510 --> 00:10:25,400
+that you don't mind. So, it is 2-1, okay? Also in
+
+120
+00:10:25,400 --> 00:10:27,760
+polite and imperative structure, once you show
+
+121
+00:10:27,760 --> 00:10:32,400
+someone the way to somewhere, for example, the
+
+122
+00:10:32,400 --> 00:10:35,980
+Islamic University of Gaza from Palestine Square.
+
+123
+00:10:36,320 --> 00:10:39,460
+You meet a tourist in Palestine Square who asks
+
+124
+00:10:39,460 --> 00:10:41,600
+you about the location of the Islamic University.
+
+125
+00:10:42,160 --> 00:10:46,360
+You say to him, go down the street, leave the
+
+126
+00:10:46,360 --> 00:10:51,020
+second two traffic lights, then turn left and go
+
+127
+00:10:51,020 --> 00:10:55,060
+along the street until reaching the Following
+
+128
+00:10:55,060 --> 00:10:58,660
+traffic light then tail right and go about for 10
+
+129
+00:10:58,660 --> 00:11:04,400
+minutes then tail left again Tail left again Okay,
+
+130
+00:11:04,600 --> 00:11:08,340
+so the last sentence tail left again is used in 2
+
+131
+00:11:08,340 --> 00:11:13,400
+-1 Okay low fall You see
+
+132
+00:11:18,430 --> 00:11:22,270
+Also, it is used in serious and considered
+
+133
+00:11:22,270 --> 00:11:24,510
+expression in the form of imperative structure.
+
+134
+00:11:25,550 --> 00:11:25,710
+Okay?
+
+135
+00:11:28,930 --> 00:11:32,810
+This is serious imperative structure. It is also 2
+
+136
+00:11:32,810 --> 00:11:37,530
+-1. What does he say? What does he say? If you
+
+137
+00:11:37,530 --> 00:11:40,710
+attend a court, for example, and you have the
+
+138
+00:11:40,710 --> 00:11:46,090
+magistrate utters a sentence against the suspect
+
+139
+00:11:46,090 --> 00:11:51,690
+and you are one of the audience who just drew the
+
+140
+00:11:51,690 --> 00:11:58,390
+suspect, okay? So, you hear the sentence and you
+
+141
+00:11:58,390 --> 00:12:01,670
+say, what did he say? What did he say? This means
+
+142
+00:12:01,670 --> 00:12:06,610
+that you reject the sentence of the magistrate,
+
+143
+00:12:07,070 --> 00:12:12,390
+for example. Also, this can be available in the
+
+144
+00:12:12,390 --> 00:12:16,830
+affirmative serious structure. Once you say, for
+
+145
+00:12:16,830 --> 00:12:21,410
+example, linguistics is a science which studies
+
+146
+00:12:21,410 --> 00:12:25,510
+languages. You say, that's right. That's right.
+
+147
+00:12:25,730 --> 00:12:28,850
+This means that you understand and you know fully
+
+148
+00:12:28,850 --> 00:12:33,890
+this information. Okay? That's right. that's right
+
+149
+00:12:33,890 --> 00:12:40,330
+okay number four the low rise here we have the
+
+150
+00:12:40,330 --> 00:12:46,610
+voice starts low and rises to a medium pitch okay
+
+151
+00:12:46,610 --> 00:12:50,990
+it
+
+152
+00:12:50,990 --> 00:12:54,050
+starts low and rises to a medium pitch this is one
+
+153
+00:12:54,050 --> 00:12:59,890
+two okay this can be used in friendly and polite
+
+154
+00:12:59,890 --> 00:13:04,810
+expressions in an interrogative structure. Do you
+
+155
+00:13:04,810 --> 00:13:08,750
+live near here? Do you live near here? I don't say
+
+156
+00:13:08,750 --> 00:13:12,550
+do you live near here? It's quite impolite, okay?
+
+157
+00:13:12,950 --> 00:13:16,570
+Do you live near here? Do you live near here? So
+
+158
+00:13:16,570 --> 00:13:22,610
+the word here at the end is of medium pitch. Do
+
+159
+00:13:22,610 --> 00:13:26,030
+you live near here? The
+
+160
+00:13:28,810 --> 00:13:32,770
+Also, once you express detached, reserving
+
+161
+00:13:32,770 --> 00:13:37,130
+statement
+
+162
+00:13:37,130 --> 00:13:40,250
+about, for example, a judgment or whatever, you
+
+163
+00:13:40,250 --> 00:13:43,850
+say, what did you say? What did you say? This
+
+164
+00:13:43,850 --> 00:13:46,450
+means that you don't agree, okay? What did you
+
+165
+00:13:46,450 --> 00:13:52,940
+say? And also in giving orders or imperative
+
+166
+00:13:52,940 --> 00:13:57,720
+structure, once you feel very confident, once you
+
+167
+00:13:57,720 --> 00:14:01,140
+give orders, for example, press the button, press
+
+168
+00:14:01,140 --> 00:14:04,280
+the button, button is quite high, press the
+
+169
+00:14:04,280 --> 00:14:05,480
+button, okay?
+
+170
+00:14:14,510 --> 00:14:18,190
+Also, once you express confidence and reassuring
+
+171
+00:14:18,190 --> 00:14:20,710
+expressions in a form of interrogative structure
+
+172
+00:14:20,710 --> 00:14:26,970
+with a question like, where have you bought it?
+
+173
+00:14:27,790 --> 00:14:31,090
+Where have you bought it? You know the location,
+
+174
+00:14:31,550 --> 00:14:35,330
+but you ask him or her confidently about the place
+
+175
+00:14:35,330 --> 00:14:41,030
+which you already know it. So, you remind the
+
+176
+00:14:41,030 --> 00:14:45,040
+speaker, saying, where have you bought it? Where
+
+177
+00:14:45,040 --> 00:14:49,200
+have you bought it? Bought it, number two and the
+
+178
+00:14:49,200 --> 00:14:52,160
+rest of the sentence number one. This shows that
+
+179
+00:14:52,160 --> 00:14:57,280
+you know the place. Number five, the fall rise.
+
+180
+00:14:59,100 --> 00:15:02,020
+Here, the voice starts high, then falls, then
+
+181
+00:15:02,020 --> 00:15:07,540
+rises. Starts high, fall, then rises. Okay.
+
+182
+00:15:10,600 --> 00:15:14,650
+This to express partial agreement. Once you
+
+183
+00:15:14,650 --> 00:15:19,190
+partially agree on something, okay? He's flying to
+
+184
+00:15:19,190 --> 00:15:24,630
+London. He's flying to London. This means that you
+
+185
+00:15:24,630 --> 00:15:28,630
+partially agree for him to traveling to London,
+
+186
+00:15:28,990 --> 00:15:33,490
+okay? You are not, you do not or you are not fully
+
+187
+00:15:33,490 --> 00:15:37,070
+agreed about that, okay? She's flying to Greece.
+
+188
+00:15:37,550 --> 00:15:42,880
+She's flying to Greece. This means that You agree
+
+189
+00:15:42,880 --> 00:15:43,860
+reluctantly.
+
+190
+00:15:46,980 --> 00:15:47,300
+Also,
+
+191
+00:15:53,460 --> 00:15:56,240
+this can be done in expressing warning in
+
+192
+00:15:56,240 --> 00:15:58,020
+imperative structure.
+
+193
+00:15:59,820 --> 00:16:04,520
+Mind the gap. Mind the gap. Mind the gap.
+
+194
+00:16:07,740 --> 00:16:13,450
+High, fall, rise. Mind the gap. mind the gap you
+
+195
+00:16:13,450 --> 00:16:17,110
+find this in loudspeakers in any of the British
+
+196
+00:16:17,110 --> 00:16:22,950
+railway stations okay the officials there or the
+
+197
+00:16:22,950 --> 00:16:28,290
+employees there warn the travelers okay from a gap
+
+198
+00:16:28,290 --> 00:16:32,010
+between the train and the platform so you find the
+
+199
+00:1
+
+223
+00:19:17,510 --> 00:19:20,330
+Gruber, and this is the Pronunciation Workshop's
+
+224
+00:19:20,330 --> 00:19:24,030
+13th training session. In this session, we will
+
+225
+00:19:24,030 --> 00:19:29,770
+cover phrase reductions and intonation. Okay, what
+
+226
+00:19:29,770 --> 00:19:33,430
+do I mean by phrase reductions? Well, in
+
+227
+00:19:33,430 --> 00:19:36,590
+conversational English, words are often broken
+
+228
+00:19:36,590 --> 00:19:40,570
+down or not fully pronunciated. Two and three
+
+229
+00:19:40,570 --> 00:19:44,630
+words are sometimes squeezed together to create
+
+230
+00:19:44,630 --> 00:19:47,530
+easy to say phrases. I'll show you what I mean.
+
+231
+00:19:47,930 --> 00:19:52,670
+Look at this phrase. Going to try. When we reduce
+
+232
+00:19:52,670 --> 00:19:56,330
+the phrase, it becomes gonna try. All we do is
+
+233
+00:19:56,330 --> 00:20:01,410
+combine the words. I'm gonna try to finish this
+
+234
+00:20:01,410 --> 00:20:07,950
+book. Repeat it with me. Gonna try. Want to eat
+
+235
+00:20:07,950 --> 00:20:13,550
+becomes wanna eat. Do you want to eat at seven o
+
+236
+00:20:13,550 --> 00:20:20,710
+'clock? Repeat with me. Want to eat? Have to start
+
+237
+00:20:20,710 --> 00:20:25,770
+becomes have to start. I really have to start
+
+238
+00:20:25,770 --> 00:20:32,470
+studying for that test. Repeat. Have to start. Has
+
+239
+00:20:32,470 --> 00:20:39,290
+to try becomes has to try. He has to try harder.
+
+240
+00:20:39,690 --> 00:20:47,490
+Repeat, has to try. Got to leave becomes gotta
+
+241
+00:20:47,490 --> 00:20:52,350
+leave. I really gotta leave in 15 minutes. Repeat,
+
+242
+00:20:52,690 --> 00:21:00,190
+gotta leave. Ought to believe becomes ought to
+
+243
+00:21:00,190 --> 00:21:03,830
+believe. She really ought to believe what he is
+
+244
+00:21:03,830 --> 00:21:09,330
+saying. Repeat, ought to believe. Out of bed
+
+245
+00:21:09,640 --> 00:21:14,140
+becomes out of bed I got out of bed when I heard
+
+246
+00:21:14,140 --> 00:21:20,500
+the alarm clock repeat out of bed did you go
+
+247
+00:21:20,500 --> 00:21:26,400
+becomes did you go did you go to the store repeat
+
+248
+00:21:26,400 --> 00:21:34,540
+did you go would he help becomes would he help
+
+249
+00:21:34,540 --> 00:21:38,970
+would he help me move the furniture Repeat, would
+
+250
+00:21:38,970 --> 00:21:46,270
+he help? Won't you play becomes won't you play.
+
+251
+00:21:46,630 --> 00:21:49,730
+And don't forget about that correct O sound in the
+
+252
+00:21:49,730 --> 00:21:54,110
+word won't. Won't you play one more song on the
+
+253
+00:21:54,110 --> 00:22:00,340
+piano? Repeat, won't you play?Didn't you know?
+
+254
+00:22:00,960 --> 00:22:05,000
+becomes Didn't you know? Didn't you know that she
+
+255
+00:22:05,000 --> 00:22:08,740
+was coming home tomorrow? Repeat. Didn't you know?
+
+256
+00:22:10,660 --> 00:22:16,220
+Is he? becomes Is he? Is he the one that called?
+
+257
+00:22:16,800 --> 00:22:25,140
+Repeat. Is he? What do you want? becomes What do
+
+258
+00:22:25,140 --> 00:22:32,140
+you want? Repeat. What do you want? Give it to me
+
+259
+00:22:32,140 --> 00:22:37,560
+becomes give it to me. Give it to me right now.
+
+260
+00:22:37,720 --> 00:22:42,260
+Repeat. Give it to me. Very good. You'll find the
+
+261
+00:22:42,260 --> 00:22:45,360
+better you get at speaking English, the more you
+
+262
+00:22:45,360 --> 00:22:49,060
+will be using these phrase reductions. The key is
+
+263
+00:22:49,060 --> 00:22:52,240
+to still be easily understood. You'll find that
+
+264
+00:22:52,240 --> 00:22:54,760
+almost all of the rules that I have taught you,
+
+265
+00:22:55,020 --> 00:22:57,880
+especially the ones having to do with voicing,
+
+266
+00:22:58,320 --> 00:23:02,650
+remain the same. In the last example, give it to
+
+267
+00:23:02,650 --> 00:23:06,570
+me, the only big change comes from the T's being
+
+268
+00:23:06,570 --> 00:23:09,550
+pronounced as D's. And this happens because the
+
+269
+00:23:09,550 --> 00:23:13,310
+T's fall between two vowel sounds. If you remember
+
+270
+00:23:13,310 --> 00:23:16,270
+in American pronunciation, when T's fall between
+
+271
+00:23:16,270 --> 00:23:19,090
+two vowels, they become voiced and are pronounced
+
+272
+00:23:19,090 --> 00:23:22,830
+as D's. Now even though you may at times speak
+
+273
+00:23:22,830 --> 00:23:25,250
+quickly and use these reduced phrases in your
+
+274
+00:23:25,250 --> 00:23:28,570
+conversations, You will still be easily understood
+
+275
+00:23:28,570 --> 00:23:31,450
+as long as you continue to use the pronunciation
+
+276
+00:23:31,450 --> 00:23:33,950
+rules that I've been showing you throughout this
+
+277
+00:23:33,950 --> 00:23:38,130
+program. Okay, now we are going to talk about
+
+278
+00:23:38,130 --> 00:23:39,270
+intonation.
+
+279
+00:23:41,170 --> 00:23:46,490
+English is a very musical language. As we speak,
+
+280
+00:23:46,670 --> 00:23:50,550
+our words and phrases go all the way up and then
+
+281
+00:23:50,550 --> 00:23:54,610
+they come all the way down, much like music does.
+
+282
+00:23:55,030 --> 00:23:57,090
+Now, as you can see, I'm trying to give you a good
+
+283
+00:23:57,090 --> 00:24:00,750
+example of intonation. This keeps our speech
+
+284
+00:24:00,750 --> 00:24:03,510
+interesting, and it helps to get our message
+
+285
+00:24:03,510 --> 00:24:08,350
+across. Now, listen to this. Many foreign-born
+
+286
+00:24:08,350 --> 00:24:12,750
+speakers of English use a flat intonation pattern
+
+287
+00:24:12,750 --> 00:24:16,670
+or a monotone. This can create uninteresting and
+
+288
+00:24:16,670 --> 00:24:21,170
+misunderstood speech. Everything is very flat.
+
+289
+00:24:21,930 --> 00:24:24,570
+Okay, I hope you can see from that example what
+
+290
+00:24:24,570 --> 00:24:27,990
+I'm talking about. Monotone speech can be very
+
+291
+00:24:27,990 --> 00:24:32,170
+boring and difficult to listen to. Use correct
+
+292
+00:24:32,170 --> 00:24:34,810
+intonation to make people want to listen to you.
+
+293
+00:24:35,280 --> 00:24:37,800
+It's generally easy to guess what country a
+
+294
+00:24:37,800 --> 00:24:40,540
+speaker is from just by their accent. Each
+
+295
+00:24:40,540 --> 00:24:43,400
+language has its own characteristic rhythm and
+
+296
+00:24:43,400 --> 00:24:46,940
+melody. Some languages use a wide range of tones
+
+297
+00:24:46,940 --> 00:24:50,480
+and changes in pitch, with the melody going up and
+
+298
+00:24:50,480 --> 00:24:53,880
+coming down, and other languages sound very flat.
+
+299
+00:24:54,860 --> 00:24:57,300
+These characteristics of a language are called
+
+300
+00:24:57,300 --> 00:25:00,780
+intonation. Even though they distinguish one
+
+301
+00:25:00,780 --> 00:25:04,880
+language from another, they are rarely taught. Now
+
+302
+00:25:04,880 --> 00:25:08,100
+in American English words that carry the highest
+
+303
+00:25:08,100 --> 00:25:11,820
+informational value in a sentence are given more
+
+304
+00:25:11,820 --> 00:25:15,580
+emphasis with increased loudness, a higher pitch,
+
+305
+00:25:15,940 --> 00:25:21,020
+and sometimes a longer duration. Listen to my
+
+306
+00:25:21,020 --> 00:25:24,840
+intonation and notice how I slowly step up and
+
+307
+00:25:24,840 --> 00:25:29,420
+then I work my way down again. Listen to the
+
+308
+00:25:29,420 --> 00:25:33,260
+following made-up advertisement for Diane's
+
+309
+00:25:33,260 --> 00:25:36,360
+Donuts. Listen to how the words in each sentence
+
+310
+00:25:36,360 --> 00:25:41,640
+are stressed. Have you ever tried one of Diane's
+
+311
+00:25:41,640 --> 00:25:49,160
+Donuts? They are so delicious. I have eaten many
+
+312
+00:25:49,160 --> 00:25:52,600
+different kinds of donuts from all over the
+
+313
+00:25:52,600 --> 00:25:56,760
+country. However, I have never tasted anything
+
+314
+00:25:57,110 --> 00:26:03,650
+quite like donuts made by Diane. I have been told
+
+315
+00:26:03,650 --> 00:26:08,210
+that she uses the finest and freshest ingredients
+
+316
+00:26:08,210 --> 00:26:13,130
+that money can buy. The best flour, the best eggs,
+
+317
+00:26:13,530 --> 00:26:19,090
+and the best milk. I am sure that once you taste
+
+318
+00:26:19,090 --> 00:26:23,930
+these incredible donuts, you will run and tell all
+
+319
+00:26:23,930 --> 00:26:28,330
+of your friends. Now I recommend that you practice
+
+320
+00:26:28,330 --> 00:26:32,190
+that paragraph again along with me. Do your best
+
+321
+00:26:32,190 --> 00:26:35,330
+at emphasizing the important words by increasing
+
+322
+00:26:35,330 --> 00:26:39,230
+your loudness as well as raising your pitch. Okay?
+
+323
+00:26:40,410 --> 00:26:43,870
+Very good. Now let's talk about asking questions.
+
+324
+00:26:44,530 --> 00:26:47,410
+Notice how my voice goes up at the end of a
+
+325
+00:26:47,410 --> 00:26:52,030
+question like this. Are you sleeping? And notice
+
+326
+00:26:52,030 --> 00:26:54,730
+how my voice comes down at the end of a sentence
+
+327
+00:26:55,000 --> 00:26:59,060
+that is not a question. Like this. He is not
+
+328
+00:26:59,060 --> 00:27:02,840
+sleeping. Very often if you don't use proper
+
+329
+00:27:02,840 --> 00:27:06,360
+intonation when asking a question, the person you
+
+330
+00:27:06,360 --> 00:27:09,180
+are speaking to won't understand that you even
+
+331
+00:27:09,180 --> 00:27:12,780
+asked them a question to begin with. So rising up
+
+332
+00:27:12,780 --> 00:27:17,240
+at the end of a question is very important. Okay,
+
+333
+00:27:17,320 --> 00:27:22,350
+now let's talk about syllable stress. In words
+
+334
+00:27:22,350 --> 00:27:25,290
+that contain more than one syllable, there is
+
+335
+00:27:25,290 --> 00:27:29,090
+always one syllable which receives the most stress
+
+336
+00:27:29,090 --> 00:27:32,370
+or given a higher pitch. Now, although there are
+
+337
+00:27:32,370 --> 00:27:35,550
+many exceptions, it is most common that two
+
+338
+00:27:35,550 --> 00:27:39,230
+-syllable words have stress on the first syllable.
+
+339
+00:27:40,030 --> 00:27:45,010
+Let's go over some examples. Repeat after me. sofa
+
+340
+00:27:45,010 --> 00:27:57,880
+oven after finger station, second, enter, often,
+
+341
+00:27:59,220 --> 00:28:08,980
+uncle, carpet, father, children, walking, jacket,
+
+342
+00:28:10,320 --> 00:28:16,240
+lucky, comment. Good. Now here are a few two
+
+343
+00:28:16,240 --> 00:28:19,200
+-syllable words that are stressed on the second
+
+344
+00:28:19,200 --> 00:28:28,040
+syllable. delete, decline, survive, protect,
+
+345
+00:28:29,260 --> 00:28:39,300
+adopt, advance, below, resolve, advice, acquit,
+
+346
+00:28:40,200 --> 00:28:48,900
+control, arrive, involve, massage, disease,
+
+347
+00:28:49,840 --> 00:28:54,390
+relate, Very good. Now again, although there are
+
+348
+00:28:54,390 --> 00:28:57,770
+exceptions, most three syllable words are stressed
+
+349
+00:28:57,770 --> 00:29:04,470
+on the second syllable. Reduction. Arrangement.
+
+350
+00:29:05,430 --> 00:29:11,870
+Audition. Companion. Detective.
+
+351
+00:29:14,090 --> 00:29:22,570
+Ambitious. Companion. Appliance. Discover.
+
+352
+00:29:24,330 --> 00:29:33,730
+Unlawful. Conclusion. Assemble. Adjustment.
+
+353
+00:29:35,050 --> 00:29:36,310
+Affected.
+
+354
+00:29:38,350 --> 00:29:45,050
+Acceptance. Ferocious. Very good. Practice using
+
+355
+00:29:45,050 --> 00:29:47,270
+syllable stress in these sentences.
+
+356
+00:29:52,130 --> 00:30:00,110
+Fantastic He needs permission to find a solution
+
+357
+00:30:00,110 --> 00:30:10,970
+The party is in honor of his retirement Her son
+
+358
+00:30:10,970 --> 00:30:19,290
+exhibited bad behavior on their vacation Very good
+
+359
+00:30:19,870 --> 00:30:22,950
+You know, stress and intonation can have a big
+
+360
+00:30:22,950 --> 00:30:25,370
+impact on the meaning you are trying to get
+
+361
+00:30:25,370 --> 00:30:31,370
+across. Let's compare some of these sentences. Joe
+
+362
+00:30:31,370 --> 00:30:39,530
+drinks cheap wine. Sue only drinks expensive wine.
+
+363
+00:30:41,170 --> 00:30:47,950
+Don't forget his birthday. We would never forget
+
+364
+00:30:47,950 --> 00:30:57,530
+his birthday. She's planning to leave tomorrow. He
+
+365
+00:30:57,530 --> 00:31:04,530
+made plans to leave a month ago. The teacher's
+
+366
+00:31:04,530 --> 00:31:10,110
+meeting is at nine o'clock. The students announced
+
+367
+00:31:10,110 --> 00:31:16,120
+that they will never have a meeting. My telephone
+
+368
+00:31:16,120 --> 00:31:23,000
+isn't working. The telephone needs to work by
+
+369
+00:31:23,000 --> 00:31:30,300
+lunchtime. He's painting his house blue and green.
+
+370
+00:31:31,480 --> 00:31:35,780
+Your house would look terrible if it were green.
+
+371
+00:31:37,140 --> 00:31:39,900
+Very good. Well, I hope you had fun with this
+
+372
+00:31:39,900 --> 00:31:42,620
+session. You may want to watch this one again and
+
+373
+00:31:42,620 --> 00:31:45,700
+go over it a few more times. Now when you are
+
+374
+00:31:45,700 --> 00:31:48,900
+speaking to people in English, try to bring more
+
+375
+00:31:48,900 --> 00:31:51,960
+intonation into your conversations. You will find
+
+376
+00:31:51,960 --> 00:31:54,880
+that you'll be better understood. Thank you for
+
+377
+00:31:54,880 --> 00:32:01,660
+watching. I'm Paul Gruber. For full rise only two
+
+378
+00:32:01,660 --> 00:32:05,840
+types in English and for the stress I gave you
+
+379
+00:32:05,840 --> 00:32:10,720
+estimate rules about how using the stress in one
+
+380
+00:32:10,720 --> 00:32:14,920
+syllabic words and two syllable words or more than
+
+381
+00:32:14,920 --> 00:32:20,960
+that depending on the suffix either tion or ious
+
+382
+00:32:20,960 --> 00:32:27,440
+or sion etc I gave you a full explanation about
+
+383
+00:32:27,440 --> 00:32:30,940
+that. This meets with what explained in the video.
+
+384
+00:32:31,400 --> 00:32:34,580
+So we need you now to revise the terms of
+
+385
+00:32:34,580 --> 00:32:38,300
+intonation and to practice this. Next time you are
+
+386
+00:32:38,300 --> 00:32:42,340
+going to have a quiz on intonation. Okay? Next
+
+387
+00:32:42,340 --> 00:32:45,420
+time you'll have a quiz on intonation. Intonation.
+
+388
+00:32:46,320 --> 00:32:50,700
+either two types rising or falling so you have
+
+389
+00:32:50,700 --> 00:32:54,020
+sentences to be given to you and then you have to
+
+390
+00:32:54,020 --> 00:32:57,860
+write after each sentence whether this is this
+
+391
+00:32:57,860 --> 00:33:02,640
+ends with rising or falling intonation that's it
+
+392
+00:33:02,640 --> 00:33:06,860
+okay and we need to have your presentations for
+
+393
+00:33:06,860 --> 00:33:11,120
+next time for presenting how to teach intonation
+
+394
+00:33:11,120 --> 00:33:12,720
+system okay
+
+395
+00:33:18,350 --> 00:33:37,770
+We have still
+
+396
+00:33:37,770 --> 00:33:42,790
+remains the intonation in Arabic okay
+
+397
+00:33:44,000 --> 00:33:46,340
+Okay, this will be next time. We have three types
+
+398
+00:33:46,340 --> 00:33:48,380
+of intonation in Arabic. We are going to introduce
+
+399
+00:33:48,380 --> 00:33:51,620
+them at the very beginning of the class and then I
+
+400
+00:33:51,620 --> 00:33:54,540
+leave the floor for you for introducing your
+
+401
+00:33:54,540 --> 00:33:58,820
+representations. Okay? So try to email us your
+
+402
+00:33:58,820 --> 00:34:03,620
+presentations in advance. Okay? You can just email
+
+403
+00:34:03,620 --> 00:34:05,420
+Ibtihal as we mentioned last time. 
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwbqRqP24yHh6436xDshIebX/-YSg7vWv-6Y_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,544 @@
+1
+00:00:05,060 --> 00:00:07,720
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والحمد لله يا رب العالمين
+
+2
+00:00:07,720 --> 00:00:13,480
+بداية عندنا الباب الثامن يتكلم عن مواضيع عملية
+
+3
+00:00:13,480 --> 00:00:17,760
+متطلق إلى حالات دراسية واقعية أساليب جمع التبرعات
+
+4
+00:00:17,760 --> 00:00:21,520
+اللي متكلم عن أساليب بدي أجمع فيها تبرعات يعني طرق
+
+5
+00:00:21,520 --> 00:00:28,200
+أو منافذ أو قليات أو مناهج أو أفكار أو مبادئ ممكن
+
+6
+00:00:28,200 --> 00:00:33,480
+استخدمها في موضوع جمع التبرعات بدايةجمع التباجعات
+
+7
+00:00:33,480 --> 00:00:39,020
+هي عبارة عن ثنم و علم في نفس الوقت عملية جمع
+
+8
+00:00:39,020 --> 00:00:44,730
+التباجعات اليوم لو لقينا النظر إلى الواقع العمليما
+
+9
+00:00:44,730 --> 00:00:48,470
+بين المؤسسات الخيرية أو المؤسسات الحكومية أو
+
+10
+00:00:48,470 --> 00:00:53,450
+الشركات التجارية و هناك تبرعات الدول و هناك تبرعات
+
+11
+00:00:53,450 --> 00:00:58,470
+لمؤسسات دينية أو مؤسسات غير دينية هنلاقي أن حجم
+
+12
+00:00:58,470 --> 00:01:03,270
+ضخم من التموي للعالم الآن يذهب أو يخصص أو يأخذ شكل
+
+13
+00:01:03,270 --> 00:01:08,670
+تبرعات كلمة تبرعاتتشمل ذكاء المال، تشمل الصدقات،
+
+14
+00:01:08,670 --> 00:01:12,230
+تشمل أعمال الخير، تشمل الصدقة الجارية، تشمل أفكار
+
+15
+00:01:12,230 --> 00:01:18,530
+للحسن و لتخليد الذكرى، تشمل برضه أعمال تفيد البشر،
+
+16
+00:01:18,530 --> 00:01:23,910
+تخدم الناس، بطرق عامة، طيب، فن جمع التبرعات، فن
+
+17
+00:01:23,910 --> 00:01:27,290
+جمع
+
+18
+00:01:27,290 --> 00:01:32,070
+التبرعات،
+
+19
+00:01:32,070 --> 00:01:37,800
+هل هناك بعض الإحصائياتاللي تتكلم على موضوع
+
+20
+00:01:37,800 --> 00:01:42,600
+التبرعات يعني نفس فكرة التبرع ما معناه التبرعات؟
+
+21
+00:01:42,600 --> 00:01:47,260
+ما هي الأحصائيات؟ ما هي مبادئ العلم؟ ما هي مبادئ
+
+22
+00:01:47,260 --> 00:01:53,000
+الفن الخاص في هذا الأمر؟ ما هي التصنيفات التي تأخذ
+
+23
+00:01:53,000 --> 00:01:58,600
+المؤسسات تحت مسمة التبرعات؟ اليوم التبرعاتالها
+
+24
+00:01:58,600 --> 00:02:04,040
+مرجوة هام جدا بالنسبالنا كمسلمين موجود في الدين
+
+25
+00:02:04,040 --> 00:02:10,580
+الإسلامي واقع الدين الإسلامي يحث
+
+26
+00:02:10,580 --> 00:02:18,260
+المسلمين على أعمال الخير و أعمال الإحسان و أعمال
+
+27
+00:02:18,260 --> 00:02:24,160
+أتبارعات بداية هذا الفصل موضوع بسيط و مختصر لكنه
+
+28
+00:02:24,160 --> 00:02:31,010
+يلقى ضغط على موضوعيشغل الرأي العام، يشغل كل الناس،
+
+29
+00:02:31,010 --> 00:02:35,890
+سواء من يقوم بالتبرع أو من يستلم هذه التبرعات، فن
+
+30
+00:02:35,890 --> 00:02:39,870
+جمع التبرعات، نشوف بعض التفاصيل الخاصة في هذا
+
+31
+00:02:39,870 --> 00:02:42,170
+الأمر في بداية الفيديو دي ثانوية عن فن تجمع
+
+32
+00:02:42,170 --> 00:02:48,130
+التبرعات، اليوم عندنا أصول علمية وقواعد ونظريات
+
+33
+00:02:48,130 --> 00:02:53,710
+علمية وأبحاث ودراسات ورسائل مجستيرقدمت لدراسة
+
+34
+00:02:53,710 --> 00:02:56,790
+التبرعات وأسبابها وأشكالها سواء في الجامعة العربية
+
+35
+00:02:56,790 --> 00:03:03,190
+أو الأجنبية شهادات عليا تُأخذ في مجال مصادر
+
+36
+00:03:03,190 --> 00:03:07,890
+التمويل والتبرعات تبرعات العمل الخيري، تبرعات
+
+37
+00:03:07,890 --> 00:03:12,790
+المؤسسات الخاصة، تبرعات الدول أو الحكومات، الكل
+
+38
+00:03:12,790 --> 00:03:18,410
+يعمل في مجال تبرعاتنلاحظ أن الشركات التجارية بحكم
+
+39
+00:03:18,410 --> 00:03:22,590
+القانون تفرض على أنفسها نسب من هذه التبرعات لتخفيف
+
+40
+00:03:22,590 --> 00:03:26,730
+الوقت ضريب عليها أيضًا هناك المؤسسات الحكومية تعمل
+
+41
+00:03:26,730 --> 00:03:30,270
+على توفير تبرعات لفئات تحتاج هذه التبرعات
+
+42
+00:03:30,270 --> 00:03:34,250
+والتبرعات اليوم لها مبادئ وأصول
+
+43
+00:03:37,030 --> 00:03:41,270
+وتلتقي المجهودات المؤسسات الخاصة مع الحكومية مع
+
+44
+00:03:41,270 --> 00:03:45,430
+المؤسسات الذاتية الحكومية على وطيرة واحدة اللي هي
+
+45
+00:03:45,430 --> 00:03:50,070
+كلما أنفقت أكثر على عملية جمع التبرعات اشتهدت في
+
+46
+00:03:50,070 --> 00:03:53,450
+هذا المجال أو المطبع كان المردود المالي المتوقع
+
+47
+00:03:53,450 --> 00:03:59,150
+عالي بمعنى خطة عمل محكمة قليلة تنفيذ مناسبة فريق
+
+48
+00:03:59,150 --> 00:04:03,490
+فاعل وواعد للعمل في جمع التبرعات تعتبر الحصيلة
+
+49
+00:04:03,490 --> 00:04:09,180
+المتوقعةعالية وبالتالي تحقق إمكانيات للمؤسسة
+
+50
+00:04:09,180 --> 00:04:13,300
+لتنفيذ أنشطتها المطلوبةإحصائيات بسيطة لموضوع
+
+51
+00:04:13,300 --> 00:04:16,840
+التبرعات تبرعات ضخمة في موجة المؤسسات الخيرية في
+
+52
+00:04:16,840 --> 00:04:20,240
+العالم اليوم إحصائية تقول أن 31 مليون دولار أو
+
+53
+00:04:20,240 --> 00:04:25,840
+أكثر 20 مليون تبرعات من الشركات التجارية 386 مليون
+
+54
+00:04:25,840 --> 00:04:32,900
+تبرعات تأتي من الحكومات إلى دول مختلفة 200 مليون
+
+55
+00:04:32,900 --> 00:04:37,490
+تبرعات أفراد مؤسسات دينية200 مليون تبرعات أفراد
+
+56
+00:04:37,490 --> 00:04:43,150
+ومؤسسات لمجالات غير دينية فبنلاقي أن حجم التبرعات
+
+57
+00:04:43,150 --> 00:04:47,550
+العالمية 856 هذه الأحصائية في بداية هذا القرن كانت
+
+58
+00:04:47,550 --> 00:04:51,470
+موجودة الآن يتوقع أن تكون هذه التبرعات أضعاف مضافة
+
+59
+00:04:51,470 --> 00:04:57,270
+على هذا الرقم بحكم انخفاض القيمة السوقية للعملات
+
+60
+00:04:57,270 --> 00:05:00,990
+الأجنبية واتفاع المستوى العام الأسعار واتفاع
+
+61
+00:05:00,990 --> 00:05:05,830
+الدخول هذه كلها أثرت علىحجم التبرعات من ناحية
+
+62
+00:05:05,830 --> 00:05:11,070
+القيمة المالية إذا فكرنا في الموضوع الأنواع جمع
+
+63
+00:05:11,070 --> 00:05:19,010
+التبرعات النوع الأولاني يحتكبه العامل ويتعامل مع
+
+64
+00:05:19,010 --> 00:05:23,030
+جمهوره مباشرة يعني التبرع بيتم بالمقابلة الشخصية
+
+65
+00:05:23,030 --> 00:05:28,390
+بين الأفراد والكلام المباشرمن وجه الوجه face to
+
+66
+00:05:28,390 --> 00:05:32,770
+face له تأثير عالي في إقناع الجمهور أو الفئة
+
+67
+00:05:32,770 --> 00:05:37,550
+المستثرفة مباشرة في قبول هذه التبرعات والتبرع بما
+
+68
+00:05:37,550 --> 00:05:42,050
+يروح مناسبة نقديا أو عينيا نوع الأخر يقولون احتكاك
+
+69
+00:05:42,050 --> 00:05:49,300
+مباشرما بين المؤسسات من خلال القوائم البريدية
+
+70
+00:05:49,300 --> 00:05:52,420
+والاحتكاك هنا المباشر يكون بإرسال الخطابات
+
+71
+00:05:52,420 --> 00:05:56,500
+البريدية لكن لا يوجد احتكاك مباشر وجه لوجه بمعنى
+
+72
+00:05:56,500 --> 00:06:01,680
+نرسل حملات بريدية وراقيا او اليكترونية محوثبة او
+
+73
+00:06:01,680 --> 00:06:05,580
+على مواقع مختلفة للتواصل الاجتماعي تطلب من الجميع
+
+74
+00:06:05,580 --> 00:06:10,250
+انه يقوموا بعملية التبرع هذا التبرعبيكون يعني
+
+75
+00:06:10,250 --> 00:06:12,990
+وسيلة غير مباشرة بالأدوات التكنولوجية أو الأدوات
+
+76
+00:06:12,990 --> 00:06:20,010
+الورقية لكنه لا يعكس أيضًا هل هناك مدى رضا أو تقبل
+
+77
+00:06:20,010 --> 00:06:23,390
+أو أفكار فدائمًا التبرعات من الطريقة المباشرة تلعب
+
+78
+00:06:23,390 --> 00:06:28,870
+دور مهم لفهم مجالات العمل ومجالات الاجتهاد
+
+79
+00:06:28,870 --> 00:06:31,930
+وبالتالي الاقتناع ولو هناك بعض الأسئلة نجاب عليها
+
+80
+00:06:31,930 --> 00:06:36,980
+من التواصل المباشراحنا في الإسلام والحمد لله رب
+
+81
+00:06:36,980 --> 00:06:41,320
+العالمين فيه انماعات القصص والحديث اللي هي كانت
+
+82
+00:06:41,320 --> 00:06:48,620
+تؤيد موضوع التبرعات في عن عمر .. أبي عمر و جارير
+
+83
+00:06:48,620 --> 00:06:51,760
+ابن عبدالله كنا في صد النهار عند ��لرسول عليه
+
+84
+00:06:51,760 --> 00:06:56,380
+الصلاة والسلام فجأة قوم عراق مشتبين نمار أو العباء
+
+85
+00:06:56,380 --> 00:06:57,800
+يعني متقالدي السيوف
+
+86
+00:07:01,580 --> 00:07:04,580
+معرى وجه الرسول عليه الصلاة والسلام لما رأى بيهم
+
+87
+00:07:04,580 --> 00:07:09,660
+من الفاقة يعني الفقر فتغير وجهه عليه الصلاة
+
+88
+00:07:09,660 --> 00:07:15,100
+والسلام فدخل ثم خرج فأمر بلالا فأذن وأقام فصلى يا
+
+89
+00:07:15,100 --> 00:07:19,540
+أيها الناس اتقوا ربكم الذي خلقكم نفس واحدة وكمل
+
+90
+00:07:19,540 --> 00:07:25,040
+هذه الآية إن الله كان عليكم رقيبة يا أيها الناس يا
+
+91
+00:07:25,040 --> 00:07:27,620
+أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله لتنظروا نفسه ما قدمت
+
+92
+00:07:27,620 --> 00:07:27,980
+لغد
+
+93
+00:07:31,690 --> 00:07:36,830
+حنلاقي فيه صار بعض تبرعات ظهرت من الناس و هذه
+
+94
+00:07:36,830 --> 00:07:43,210
+التبرعات فيه دراهم و فيه منها بصورة عينية صاع من
+
+95
+00:07:43,210 --> 00:07:50,430
+البر والصاع من التمر التصدق من بين الناس أصبح يعني
+
+96
+00:07:50,430 --> 00:07:55,230
+ظاهرة بدأت في الرعيل الأول بين الرعيل الأول في
+
+97
+00:07:55,230 --> 00:08:01,430
+الإسلاموالكل صار يعني .. يعني يتكالب حول يدي
+
+98
+00:08:01,430 --> 00:08:05,430
+الرسول عليه الصلاة والسلام لتغفير ما طابت نفسه
+
+99
+00:08:05,430 --> 00:08:10,530
+لتبرع لأهل هذه المنطقة .. لهذه المدينة الصغيرة ..
+
+100
+00:08:10,530 --> 00:08:17,970
+القرية الصغيرة فمن سنة الإسلام الحسنى أنه دائما لا
+
+101
+00:08:17,970 --> 00:08:23,010
+ينقص أجر الناس شيئا إذا قاموا بتبرع أو بالصدقة
+
+102
+00:08:24,050 --> 00:08:29,310
+ودائما الصدقة هي مطلوبة من الجميع والله يززي بها
+
+103
+00:08:29,310 --> 00:08:33,010
+الناس و لا ينقص مال من صدقة هذا ما ورد عن رسول
+
+104
+00:08:33,010 --> 00:08:37,470
+الله صلى الله عليه و سلم ما نقص ماله من صدقة دائما
+
+105
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+يدرس في الدراسات العليا، لو عملت بحث في الـ Google
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PL9fwy3NUQKwbqRqP24yHh6436xDshIebX/0_y3pvaAaME_postprocess.srt

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+1
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+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والحمد لله رب العالمين
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+2
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+اليوم عندنا طريقة تانية بالنسبة لموضوع التبرعات
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+الخاصة بالمؤسسات الغير حكومية سواء اللي بتعمل في
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+النشاط الخدمي، تعليمي، الصحي، الثقافي، الاجتماعي،
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+اللغاتي، التنموي، الزراعي، الصناعي، التجاري،
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+مساعدة الشباب الخارجين و العاطلين على العمل أو بحث
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+فرص عمل للناس في مهال مختلفةيعني احنا بنتكلم
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+مجالات واسعة و التبرعات المقصود منها أن نحاول
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+نساعد الناس من خلال جمع أموال تبرعات لتمويل هذه
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+المشاريع فاليوم أنا طريقة تانية بتتكلم على طريقة
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+المدارس يعني أنا بتتكلم كيف ممكن المدرسة تكون مصدر
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+من مصادر إيراد أو تمويل المؤسسات الغير حكومية
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+واتبارعات من خلال المدارس لو نظرنا لإيها هنلاقي
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+مدرسين أو إدارة مدرسة وفيه عندنا الطلاب وفيه عندنا
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+أولياء الأمور
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+التعليم ومديرية التعليم الوزارة والمديرية ..
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+مديرية التعليم أو الجهة المشرفة على هذه المدارس
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+وحنلاقي فيه أن كمان المجتمع المحلي وحنلاقي
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+أطراف ذات عراقةذات علاقة أو ذات اهتمام بالمدرسة
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+يعني هنلاقي ان في مؤسسات ممولة في جمعيات خيرية في
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+وعنا في أنشطة زراعية زي مؤسسة ال .. في ال UNDP كان
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+مصلة في المدارس برضه الأنشطة الإنتاجية وال ..
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+00:07:21,110 --> 00:07:24,230
+المجتمع ومؤسسات ال NGOs وكثير من المؤسسات الممولة
+
+102
+00:07:24,230 --> 00:07:27,070
+اليوم أو الدعم الحكومي أو ال NGOs ستتوجه للمدارس
+
+103
+00:07:27,070 --> 00:07:30,350
+تدعو عن طلبها أو تدعن المدارس والأنشطة المدرسية
+
+104
+00:07:30,350 --> 00:07:32,890
+نشوف التفاصيل اللي موجودة عندنا في هذا الكتاب
+
+105
+00:07:32,890 --> 00:07:36,130
+بالنسبة لموضوع المدارس تشجيع المدارس المختلفة في
+
+106
+00:07:36,130 --> 00:07:39,820
+جمع التبرعات للمؤسسات الغير حكومية أو الخيريةعن
+
+107
+00:07:39,820 --> 00:07:42,960
+طريق زيارات العاملين ليها دي المدارس ودعوتهم
+
+108
+00:07:42,960 --> 00:07:47,880
+للمنظمة كزيارة رسمية أو زيارة أخوية أو زيارة
+
+109
+00:07:47,880 --> 00:07:51,800
+إجتماعية ونبلغهم إنه أهداف المؤسسة إيش هي وأنشطتها
+
+110
+00:07:51,800 --> 00:07:55,100
+وبرامجها وإنجازاتها وعلاقاتها وخدمتها لمجتمع
+
+111
+00:07:55,100 --> 00:07:58,820
+المحلي والفئة المستهدفة واخبت المنظمة في عمل شراكة
+
+112
+00:07:58,820 --> 00:08:02,800
+مع المدرسة أو عملية تواصل ما بينهم لخدمة المجتمع
+
+113
+00:08:02,800 --> 00:08:06,100
+أو أنشطة .. لأنشطة المنظمة مشتركة بالطريقة يعني
+
+114
+00:08:07,700 --> 00:08:13,700
+سوية مع بعض في أنشطة تخدمة المجتمع المدارس في
+
+115
+00:08:13,700 --> 00:08:16,800
+العادة بترحب بعمل الخير وبتحاول تشارك الطلاب وطاقم
+
+116
+00:08:16,800 --> 00:08:22,840
+الإداري والأكاديمي لتدريس في هذا المجال وبتحاول
+
+117
+00:08:22,840 --> 00:08:27,760
+أنه الخطوة هذه أنه ترحق طلاب المدارس بأفكار جديدة
+
+118
+00:08:27,760 --> 00:08:32,120
+للإبداع ومنهامثلا حين تطوي الأنشطة المكتبية تطوي
+
+119
+00:08:32,120 --> 00:08:36,060
+بعض الوسائل التعليمية وتقدم هذه الأنشطة برضه طواعا
+
+120
+00:08:36,060 --> 00:08:41,360
+للمؤسسات الغير حكومية يتم اتفاق مع المدارس برضه
+
+121
+00:08:41,360 --> 00:08:46,060
+لتقديم فقرات أو حفلات أو نوع من الأعمال المسرحية
+
+122
+00:08:46,060 --> 00:08:50,840
+أو الفنية الإسلامية أو اللائقة بالمجتمع وثقافة
+
+123
+00:08:50,840 --> 00:08:55,880
+المجتمع اللي هي بتعزز مفاهيم وثقافة إيجابية وفي
+
+124
+00:08:55,880 --> 00:09:00,930
+نفس الوقت بتكونيعني هناك أعمال خيرية موجودة لجمع
+
+125
+00:09:00,930 --> 00:09:04,510
+التبرعات لصالح المنظمة من خلال الأنشطة المسرحية أو
+
+126
+00:09:04,510 --> 00:09:07,670
+الأنشطة المدرسية اللي بتقوم فيها الطلبة يعني حفلة
+
+127
+00:09:07,670 --> 00:09:09,950
+بتقوم فيها المدرسة وفي نفس الوقت عاملة تجمع
+
+128
+00:09:09,950 --> 00:09:13,530
+التبرعات لصالح هذه المنظمة وصالح المدرسة نفسها
+
+129
+00:09:13,530 --> 00:09:15,870
+يعني ضمن الأفكار الإبداعية ده thermometer كبير
+
+130
+00:09:15,870 --> 00:09:20,740
+وعليها أرقام مالية معينةوإقامة فكرة مشروع
+
+131
+00:09:20,740 --> 00:09:24,280
+الترمومتر الكبير الخشبي انه ممكن تحطه متحرك و تحط
+
+132
+00:09:24,280 --> 00:09:28,980
+في وسط المدرسة ويله ترقيم معين خلال مبلغ بتمجمحها
+
+133
+00:09:28,980 --> 00:09:33,360
+بيحطها في صندوق كبير كل ما يعني زاد هذه التبرعات
+
+134
+00:09:33,360 --> 00:09:39,550
+زاد ارتفاع هذا المؤشرالمالي تقشر مالي ارتفع يعني
+
+135
+00:09:39,550 --> 00:09:43,130
+وبيخلي الطلبة يعني تزيد ما بينهم بالحماسة أو رغبة
+
+136
+00:09:43,130 --> 00:09:46,890
+في جمع أكبر عدد من كمية من التبرعات من خلال يعني
+
+137
+00:09:46,890 --> 00:09:49,950
+زيارتهم للمحلات التجارية المحيطة بالمدرسة أو
+
+138
+00:09:49,950 --> 00:09:54,450
+ترددهم على الأهل أو الأقارب الكل يسهم بسرعة لزيادة
+
+139
+00:09:54,450 --> 00:10:00,390
+هذه الأرصدة وفي العادة يعني المبلغ هذه تشعل
+
+140
+00:10:00,390 --> 00:10:04,110
+الحماسة لدى الطلبة ولدى أهالي المنطقة أن الكل
+
+141
+00:10:04,110 --> 00:10:08,640
+يتنافس لعمل الخير أو لعملية التبرعهذه الفكرة أو
+
+142
+00:10:08,640 --> 00:10:14,400
+هذه المضمون هي فكرة بسيطة ومرشدة لأفكار إبداعية
+
+143
+00:10:14,400 --> 00:10:19,400
+بيتم التعرض إلها من خلال المدارس لجمع التبرعات
+
+144
+00:10:19,400 --> 00:10:23,700
+مدارس وممكنية أشراك المدارس أمر هام في عملية جمع
+
+145
+00:10:23,700 --> 00:10:27,040
+التبرعات للمؤسسات الليغية الحكومية أيضا يمكن
+
+146
+00:10:27,040 --> 00:10:31,470
+الاستفادةمن قاعات الدراسية وهي فارغة أو قاعات
+
+147
+00:10:31,470 --> 00:10:36,150
+المدرسية قاعات المكتبية قاعات الاجتماعات أو لقاءات
+
+148
+00:10:36,150 --> 00:10:40,410
+المدرسين أو الاجتماعات الخاصة بإدارة المدرسة
+
+149
+00:10:40,410 --> 00:10:45,410
+لتوفير أنشطة مجانية أو شبه مجانية للمجتمع المحلي
+
+150
+00:10:45,410 --> 00:10:48,430
+يعني ضمن الأمثلة اللي موجودة عندنا في مؤسسة أو
+
+151
+00:10:48,430 --> 00:10:52,690
+معهد الأمل للأيتام في قطاع غزة موجود معهد الأمل
+
+152
+00:10:52,690 --> 00:10:57,030
+معهد الأمل للأيتام
+
+153
+00:10:57,750 --> 00:11:01,870
+موجودة هنا في قطاع غزة هو عبارة عن مهدي صديف
+
+154
+00:11:01,870 --> 00:11:06,050
+الأيتام ويوفر أيضًا لهم مدارس في المستوى الابتدائي
+
+155
+00:11:06,050 --> 00:11:11,850
+والاعدادي ومبيت للهم والمدارس أيضًا اجمالًا يعني
+
+156
+00:11:11,850 --> 00:11:14,940
+تحتوي على مجموع من المباني والانشئاتالتي تكون
+
+157
+00:11:14,940 --> 00:11:19,840
+فارقة في وقت طويل من بعد نهاية الدرام المدرسي التي
+
+158
+00:11:19,840 --> 00:11:23,440
+يمكن استغلالها في تقديم أنشطة مجانية للمجتمع
+
+159
+00:11:23,440 --> 00:11:26,360
+المحلي أو المؤسسات الغيو حكومية بمعنى ممكن هذه
+
+160
+00:11:26,360 --> 00:11:32,580
+المدارس تستضيف أنشطات المؤسسات غيو حكومية في هذه
+
+161
+00:11:32,580 --> 00:11:36,000
+المدارس في قاعات اجتماعات وتوفير لهم الإضاءة
+
+162
+00:11:36,000 --> 00:11:40,260
+والتهوية حتى الضيافة ممكن زائد المساحات الواسعة
+
+163
+00:11:40,260 --> 00:11:43,460
+ممكن استفادة منهافي اجتماعات مع بعض الممولين في
+
+164
+00:11:43,460 --> 00:11:47,780
+قطاع غزة ب��ض المؤسسات الممولة اقترحنا عليهم فيعمل
+
+165
+00:11:47,780 --> 00:11:51,000
+بعض البرامج التدريبية اللي هي تنمية المواد البشرية
+
+166
+00:11:51,000 --> 00:11:55,640
+لمجموعة من المؤسسات أو الفئات المستهدفة أو طلب
+
+167
+00:11:55,640 --> 00:11:59,820
+الخارجين أو طلب الجامعين أو حتى طلب المدرسية طلب
+
+168
+00:11:59,820 --> 00:12:04,700
+المدارس نعملهم في بعض المؤسسات المدرسية أو المعاهد
+
+169
+00:12:04,700 --> 00:12:11,280
+الخاصة باستضافة الأيتامأو معاهد اللي هي الفنية أو
+
+170
+00:12:11,280 --> 00:12:14,520
+معاهد التعليم والتدريب المهني عندهم مساحات وعندهم
+
+171
+00:12:14,520 --> 00:12:17,920
+قاعات وعندهم كراسي وعندهم أثاث وعندهم أجهزة وعندهم
+
+172
+00:12:17,920 --> 00:12:21,000
+الأدوات اللي بتساعد في عملية التعليم والتدريس أو
+
+173
+00:12:21,000 --> 00:12:24,780
+حتى عقد الأنشطة المختلف فيها دي للمؤسسات فيمكن أن
+
+174
+00:12:24,780 --> 00:12:28,500
+يكون التعاون هنا تعاون عيني بتقديم الخدمات لمؤسسات
+
+175
+00:12:28,500 --> 00:12:33,520
+ال NGOs بشكل .. بشكل واضح وملموزدائما الأفكار
+
+176
+00:12:33,520 --> 00:12:37,360
+الإبداعية والتواصل مع المدارس أمر هام ونعزز دائما
+
+177
+00:12:37,360 --> 00:12:43,700
+وجود الطلبة في .. على المحك في هذه الأنشطة لتتعزز
+
+178
+00:12:43,700 --> 00:12:49,560
+اليهم روح المبادرة والعمل الخيري نشكركم ويعني ..
+
+179
+00:12:49,560 --> 00:12:55,200
+يعني نتقدم لكم بالاحترام لما تبدونه من مشاركة
+
+180
+00:12:55,200 --> 00:12:59,260
+ومتابعة نترككم في رعاية الله وتوفيقه والسلام عليكم
+
+181
+00:12:59,260 --> 00:13:00,160
+ورحمة الله وبركاته
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwbqRqP24yHh6436xDshIebX/0ekB4fHDok4.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,735 @@
+1
+00:00:04,960 --> 00:00:07,420
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والحمد لله رب العالمين
+
+2
+00:00:07,420 --> 00:00:12,800
+لقاءنا الآن هيتكلم على برنامج مقترح وهذا المقترح
+
+3
+00:00:12,800 --> 00:00:16,640
+أو فكرة التطبيق اللي موجود على الحاسوب أو التطبيق
+
+4
+00:00:16,640 --> 00:00:20,440
+اللي ممكن ينعمل برضه على الجوال اللي هو محترفي جمع 
+
+5
+00:00:20,440 --> 00:00:24,980
+التبرعات نتكلم على donation gathering software
+
+6
+00:00:24,980 --> 00:00:28,360
+برنامج هذا البرنامج ممكن نبحث عليه على الـ net و
+
+7
+00:00:28,360 --> 00:00:33,320
+ممكن نحاول نصمم زيه احنا أو نمسك برنامج الـ access
+
+8
+00:00:33,320 --> 00:00:37,140
+نعمله كواجهات زي اللي هنتكلم عنها هذه الواجهات
+
+9
+00:00:37,140 --> 00:00:43,000
+هتكون فيها بيانات خاصة بالمتبرعين و معلومات عنهم
+
+10
+00:00:43,000 --> 00:00:46,220
+تفيدني في موضوع متابعتهم واتخاذ القرار زائد
+
+11
+00:00:46,220 --> 00:00:49,340
+الواجهات الثانية اللي ممكن تديني قدرة على تحليل
+
+12
+00:00:49,340 --> 00:00:52,900
+البيانات والمعلومات اللي خاصة بالمتبرعين وأطلع
+
+13
+00:00:52,900 --> 00:00:56,800
+مجموعة من الواجهات زي ما حكينا عنها إحصائيات أو
+
+14
+00:00:56,800 --> 00:01:00,460
+صور أو نماذج أو أرقام أو جداول بتساعدني في عملية
+
+15
+00:01:00,460 --> 00:01:04,080
+اتخاذ القرار والتعامل مع المواقف والتخطيط مسبقا
+
+16
+00:01:04,080 --> 00:01:07,220
+للحملات اللي أنا ببدأ أشتغلها فالبرنامج اسمه
+
+17
+00:01:07,220 --> 00:01:12,120
+محترفين جمع 
+
+18
+00:01:12,120 --> 00:01:15,980
+التبرعات أو
+
+19
+00:01:15,980 --> 00:01:16,540
+donations
+
+20
+00:01:24,520 --> 00:01:27,320
+Gathering Software
+
+21
+00:01:37,110 --> 00:01:40,090
+موضوع جمع التبرعات والمحترفين يجمعوا التبرعات
+
+22
+00:01:40,090 --> 00:01:47,590
+موضوع اليوم مهم ومطلوب أن أعمل قاعدة بيانات وأجمع
+
+23
+00:01:47,590 --> 00:01:51,610
+كل البيانات في هذا البرنامج بدل ما يكون عندي ملفات
+
+24
+00:01:51,610 --> 00:01:55,190
+كثيرة في خزانة مليانة سجلات عن الناس اللي أما بدي 
+
+25
+00:01:55,190 --> 00:01:58,630
+أتواصل معهم بدي أفتح ملفات كثيرة لو عندي عدد محدود
+
+26
+00:01:58,630 --> 00:02:02,650
+بالمتبرعين وعلاقتي فيه مباشرة أو علاقة دائمة ودية
+
+27
+00:02:02,650 --> 00:02:06,270
+وطيبة ممكن ما أحتاجش الأمور هذه اللي احنا بنتكلم
+
+28
+00:02:06,270 --> 00:02:10,130
+عنها بس اليوم اتسعت أعمالنا وأنشتطنا وبرامجنا
+
+29
+00:02:10,130 --> 00:02:13,490
+والمتبرعين حتى الناس بيتمدوا على عدد كبير من
+
+30
+00:02:13,490 --> 00:02:16,470
+المتبرعين وفئاتهم ومتبرعاتهم محدودة وكبار
+
+31
+00:02:16,470 --> 00:02:19,390
+المتبرعين ممكن أنا أفصلهم بطريقة معينة والبرنامج
+
+32
+00:02:19,390 --> 00:02:22,910
+يساعدني أن أتواصل معاهم بطريقة خاصة تصل إلينا و
+
+33
+00:02:22,910 --> 00:02:26,930
+أروح لهم زيارات وأحدد أن أسافر معهم مواعيد كمان و
+
+34
+00:02:26,930 --> 00:02:31,650
+أعمل برنامج معين لزيارات واجتماعات معهم وأنحدد
+
+35
+00:02:31,650 --> 00:02:34,630
+ايش أفرق التعاون اللي ممكن تكون موجودة بالضبط وفي
+
+36
+00:02:34,630 --> 00:02:37,810
+ناس تبرعاتهم بسيطة أو محدودة خلال فترات معينة أو
+
+37
+00:02:37,810 --> 00:02:40,450
+بظروف معينة ممكن أتوصل معهم مباشرة من خلال الحواسيب
+
+38
+00:02:40,450 --> 00:02:43,650
+يعني حتى الواجهات اللي احنا بنعملها هتساعدني على
+
+39
+00:02:43,650 --> 00:02:47,830
+موضوع أن أقسم مين هدول الناس وكيف أتعامل 
+
+40
+00:02:47,830 --> 00:02:51,630
+معهم بالطريقة اللي بتليق بهم يعني أنا بتكلم هنا على
+
+41
+00:02:51,630 --> 00:02:57,030
+واجهات وهذه الواجهات بتساعدنا في موضوع قواعد
+
+42
+00:02:57,030 --> 00:03:04,010
+البيانات بناء قواعد البيانات في نفس الوقت بتساعدني
+
+43
+00:03:04,010 --> 00:03:10,330
+على أني أستطيع عملية تحليل بأمّق وعمل مجموعة من
+
+44
+00:03:10,330 --> 00:03:17,390
+القوائم والكشفات والأشكال التوضيحية اللي هي من هذه
+
+45
+00:03:17,390 --> 00:03:22,250
+البيانات اللي احنا جمعناها الأساس فيها نتكلم على
+
+46
+00:03:22,250 --> 00:03:31,710
+الوقت نتكلم على الجهد ونتكلم على التكلفة نتكلم على
+
+47
+00:03:31,710 --> 00:03:37,990
+معلومات زي الكفاءة في العمل نتكلم على الفاعلية في
+
+48
+00:03:37,990 --> 00:03:42,090
+إنجاز الأهمال وحاجة مهمة جدا اللي هي موضوع التواصل
+
+49
+00:03:42,090 --> 00:03:46,150
+يعني احنا بنضيف برنامج 
+
+50
+00:03:48,110 --> 00:03:53,930
+بسيط ونتعلمه ونشتغل عليه بس القيمة النوعية لقدرة
+
+51
+00:03:53,930 --> 00:03:57,250
+العاملين أنهم يشتغلوا عليها بتساعدنا بشكل عالي طب
+
+52
+00:03:57,250 --> 00:04:00,250
+ايش المخرج النهائي من هذا البرنامج؟ و ليش بعمل
+
+53
+00:04:00,250 --> 00:04:02,610
+التحليل؟ وليش بأطلع الأشكال؟ و ليش الواجهات؟ ليش
+
+54
+00:04:02,610 --> 00:04:07,510
+قواعد البيانات؟ لشيء رئيسي وجوهره هو موضوع اتخاذ
+
+55
+00:04:07,510 --> 00:04:09,610
+القرارات
+
+56
+00:04:10,610 --> 00:04:18,070
+وموضوع التواصل الفعال مع المتبرعين أو الجهات 
+
+57
+00:04:18,070 --> 00:04:22,630
+المختصة المختلفة اللي بتعزز أنشطتنا وأدوارنا في
+
+58
+00:04:22,630 --> 00:04:26,950
+مجال عملنا سواء منظمة أو حكومية اللي هي بتشمل من
+
+59
+00:04:26,950 --> 00:04:30,910
+نظامات قائمة عن النظام العضوية واللي هي زي النقابات
+
+60
+00:04:30,910 --> 00:04:34,030
+ومنظومات الخيرية ومنظومات المهنية ومنظومات 
+
+61
+00:04:34,030 --> 00:04:37,630
+المجتمع المحلي حكينا إن الحواسيب اليوم مهم جدا
+
+62
+00:04:37,630 --> 00:04:41,830
+لدعم أنشطة البرامج والمشاريع الخاصة بالمؤسسات
+
+63
+00:04:41,830 --> 00:04:45,890
+نتكلم على محترفي جمع التبرعات موجود باستخدامه بشكل
+
+64
+00:04:45,890 --> 00:04:51,350
+كبير في المؤسسات الخيرية في الدول الغربية هذه قدرات
+
+65
+00:04:51,350 --> 00:04:56,150
+البرنامج على استخدام عدد ضخم من أسماء المتبرعين و
+
+66
+00:04:56,150 --> 00:04:59,610
+يخزنهم وكل واحد من المتبرعين فيه عدد كبير من 
+
+67
+00:04:59,610 --> 00:05:04,290
+الصفحات الصفحات بيسجل فيها كل بياناته وتبرعاته و
+
+68
+00:05:04,290 --> 00:05:07,230
+عملية التواصل والخطابات المناسبة والمشاريع و
+
+69
+00:05:07,230 --> 00:05:10,950
+التواريخ والاستفسارات كلها بيسجلها عشان بستمّر
+
+70
+00:05:10,950 --> 00:05:15,570
+فيها قاعدة بيانات برضه الأسماء الموجودة، المعينوات
+
+71
+00:05:15,570 --> 00:05:18,950
+المتكررة، البيانات اللي ممكن تكون فيها مغلوطة أو
+
+72
+00:05:18,950 --> 00:05:23,190
+فيها أخطاء ممكن هذا تلقائيا يعدل نفسه بنفسه ويمسح
+
+73
+00:05:23,190 --> 00:05:26,310
+البيانات اللي احنا موجودة عندنا مكررة لنفس الأشخاص
+
+74
+00:05:26,310 --> 00:05:31,530
+أو لنفس التبرعات اللي موجودة من أشخاص اتغيرت أماكن
+
+75
+00:05:31,530 --> 00:05:36,760
+سكنهم فقط أو علامات بسيطة عنهم الأسماء نفسها ممكن 
+
+76
+00:05:36,760 --> 00:05:40,700
+اللي بنرسلها أكثر من مرة بدون ما ترد علينا برضه
+
+77
+00:05:40,700 --> 00:05:43,520
+بن سجلها واللي بنتواصل معاها بسرعة بيردوا علينا
+
+78
+00:05:43,520 --> 00:05:46,900
+ثاني مرة أو أول مرة أو ثالث مرة برضه بيبلغنا هذا
+
+79
+00:05:46,900 --> 00:05:49,580
+الشكل يعني احنا في عندنا برنامج مثلا مع الطلبة
+
+80
+00:05:49,580 --> 00:05:52,500
+برنامج الـ model بتطلع لنا إحصائيات والكلام هذا بدنا
+
+81
+00:05:52,500 --> 00:05:56,460
+عشان نخلي الطلبة يعني يشعروا بنوع من الحيرة أو 
+
+82
+00:05:56,460 --> 00:06:02,610
+التخوف بس هو نوع من عمليات الدقة في العمل و
+
+83
+00:06:02,610 --> 00:06:08,370
+المتابعة أول بأول برنامج الـ model بيسجل كل طالب
+
+84
+00:06:08,370 --> 00:06:11,230
+لما بيجي بيفوت على برنامج الـ model وبيشوف
+
+85
+00:06:11,230 --> 00:06:14,710
+المع��ومات اللي موجودة على الـ model بيشوف المحاضرات
+
+86
+00:06:14,710 --> 00:06:19,230
+المصورة أو بيشوف الواجبات وبيحمل الواجبات كل هذه
+
+87
+00:06:19,230 --> 00:06:22,990
+بيسجلها الـ model بيشوف الأنشطة اللي بيعملها الطالب
+
+88
+00:06:22,990 --> 00:06:27,630
+على الـ model وحركاته اللي بيشتغلها كلها بتسجل 
+
+89
+00:06:27,630 --> 00:06:33,370
+فبالتالي لو في طلبة ماشي عاملين الواجبات اثنين طلبة
+
+90
+00:06:33,370 --> 00:06:37,470
+بيكونوا عاملين الواجبات بس واحد فيهم فعليته وتواجده 
+
+91
+00:06:37,470 --> 00:06:41,930
+على برنامج الموديل عالية وبيشتغل فيه وبيتبع وبيحضر
+
+92
+00:06:41,930 --> 00:06:46,810
+المحاضرات الثاني بشكل بسيط جدا لما بيجي بيتبع ايش
+
+93
+00:06:46,810 --> 00:06:50,710
+المستجدات في الموديل هنا بتفرق قداش التسجيل بيسجل 
+
+94
+00:06:50,710 --> 00:06:55,010
+هنا كل واحد كيف أدائه وكيف تواصل خليني نشوف عند
+
+95
+00:06:55,010 --> 00:06:58,900
+الواجهات اللي موجودة هذه والواجهات بتساعدني أول عن
+
+96
+00:06:58,900 --> 00:07:02,460
+آخر أجمع معلومات بتوفر لي الوقت والجهود والكفاءة
+
+97
+00:07:02,460 --> 00:07:06,500
+والفعالية بتكون عملها عالية نشوف الواجهة الواجهة
+
+98
+00:07:06,500 --> 00:07:10,740
+هنا واجهة أجنبية فيها بيانات كثيرة تمام والبيانات
+
+99
+00:07:10,740 --> 00:07:16,080
+هذه معلومات كثيرة هي مسجلة هنتكلم قليل عنها تمام و
+
+100
+00:07:16,080 --> 00:07:20,960
+هننزل تحت هنلاقي كل البيانات هذه مسجلة بشكل مباشر
+
+101
+00:07:20,960 --> 00:07:24,580
+تحت هنا خليني نبدأ فيها شوي شوي ونكمل من البيانات
+
+102
+00:07:24,580 --> 00:07:27,600
+تحت يعني هذه الواجهة ممكن أصممها على access وعملها
+
+103
+00:07:27,600 --> 00:07:31,840
+فصولها بطيقات أو برنامج بسيط عندي لتخزين قواعد
+
+104
+00:07:31,840 --> 00:07:35,680
+البيانات عندي اسمه الأول الـ first name والـ last 
+
+105
+00:07:35,680 --> 00:07:39,300
+name اسمه العائلة حسابه بسجله رقم من الحساب
+
+106
+00:07:39,300 --> 00:07:46,060
+تبعه label name عنوان هنا address الأول address الثاني
+
+107
+00:07:46,060 --> 00:07:50,300
+تمام الـ city المدينة والـ state والـ zip code اللي
+
+108
+00:07:50,300 --> 00:07:55,020
+هو مقصود فيه رمز بريدي لبعض المناطق أو الكبيرة
+
+109
+00:07:55,020 --> 00:07:58,780
+بيحطوا لها رمز بريدي الـ .. الـ home phone والـ office
+
+110
+00:07:58,780 --> 00:08:03,900
+phone تليفونات المكتب والبيت رجل أو امرأة كلمة six
+
+111
+00:08:03,900 --> 00:08:07,600
+هذه كلمة يعني أفضل من كلمة gender لأن gender بتحمل
+
+112
+00:08:07,600 --> 00:08:11,640
+فئات لها فئات أخرى عفوا من بني آدمين وهذه احنا 
+
+113
+00:08:11,640 --> 00:08:17,240
+لن نحب أن نتكلم عنها لأن ربنا خلق رجل وامرأة
+
+114
+00:08:17,240 --> 00:08:21,020
+مكتوبة هيك موجودة آيات في القرآن بعدين في عندي
+
+115
+00:08:21,020 --> 00:08:24,880
+مجموعة من البيانات contribution type تمام والـ
+
+116
+00:08:24,880 --> 00:08:27,160
+cards والـ source ونزل على مجموعة من البيانات
+
+117
+00:08:27,160 --> 00:08:30,240
+خليني نشوف التفاصيل اللي موجودة عندنا تحت هنا وكل 
+
+118
+00:08:30,240 --> 00:08:34,060
+واحدة ايش معلومات الزراير اللي موجودة هنا احنا
+
+119
+00:08:34,060 --> 00:08:37,880
+مشينا للعنوان والهاتف والجنس ذكر وأنثى وطبيعة 
+
+120
+00:08:37,880 --> 00:08:43,060
+المتبرع المصدر رقم 13 نتكلم على قوائم الأسماء رقم 
+
+121
+00:08:43,060 --> 00:08:47,970
+بطاقة الشكر وحق الملاحظات نرجع الـ 16 حنتكلم على
+
+122
+00:08:47,970 --> 00:08:52,510
+رموز يعني هل مسلم، هل عربي، شخصية مهمة ممكن نحط
+
+123
+00:08:52,510 --> 00:08:57,350
+لها كل واحدة لها رمز باختيار معين وفي تبرعات عينية
+
+124
+00:08:57,350 --> 00:09:03,590
+الـ .. الـ .. الـ .. الـ in kind هنا in kind الـ IK
+
+125
+00:09:03,590 --> 00:09:09,440
+in kind donation موجودة تبرعات نقدية cash مجموعة
+
+126
+00:09:09,440 --> 00:09:12,820
+التبرعات الكلية اللي عملها التبرعات العام الماضي
+
+127
+00:09:12,820 --> 00:09:16,920
+التبرعات العام هذا كلها عام يعني 2021 هنلاقي هنا
+
+128
+00:09:16,920 --> 00:09:20,220
+هذه إحصائيات last year and this year التبرعات عن
+
+129
+00:09:20,220 --> 00:09:25,140
+السنة الفاتة والسنة هذه بعدين ننزل تحت هنا إلى
+
+130
+00:09:25,140 --> 00:09:31,420
+الأمام انتقال الصفحة إلى الخلف ابحث عن عام 24 هي
+
+131
+00:09:31,420 --> 00:09:37,510
+search ابحث عن add أضف تمام أضف 26 غيّر المعلومات 
+
+132
+00:09:37,510 --> 00:09:41,570
+27 احذف أمور أخرى الخرج من البرنامج هذا change
+
+133
+00:09:41,570 --> 00:09:44,850
+delete other quit يعني هذه ممكن يكونوا زراير 
+
+134
+00:09:44,850 --> 00:09:48,290
+موجودة تحت في الشاشة هذه ممكن نحطهم في أعلى الشاشة
+
+135
+00:09:48,290 --> 00:09:51,410
+برضه موجودة هذه واجهة بسيطة فيها بيانات وفيها
+
+136
+00:09:51,410 --> 00:09:55,010
+إحصائيات يعني في بيانات وفيها إحصائيات متوفرة
+
+137
+00:09:55,010 --> 00:10:00,370
+وفيها جزء خاص بتغيير وإعدادات الخاصة بهذه الواجهة
+
+138
+00:10:00,370 --> 00:10:04,520
+ننتقل إلى الواجهة الثانية في الواجهة الثانية هنا في
+
+139
+00:10:04,520 --> 00:10:08,280
+الـ name screen name screen عندي الاسم والـ last 
+
+140
+00:10:08,280 --> 00:10:11,480
+name والـ account حسابه وهنا صار contributions
+
+141
+00:10:11,480 --> 00:10:17,180
+window المساهمات تاعته اللي قدمها تمام في .. هنا
+
+142
+00:10:17,180 --> 00:10:24,120
+check دفع sheik هنا دفع in kind دفع عيني تمام و
+
+143
+00:10:24,120 --> 00:10:29,120
+هنا الـ type اللي دفعه هنا يعني ما نشوف أقسام أربعة
+
+144
+00:10:29,120 --> 00:10:32,720
+طبيعة التبرع كيفية التبرع خمسة قيمة التبرع وتاريخ
+
+145
+00:10:32,720 --> 00:10:37,900
+التبرع هي القيمة قد إيش المبالغ بينا amount وهنا
+
+146
+00:10:37,900 --> 00:10:42,340
+بتتكلم على الـ date التبرعات اللي عملها و الـ source
+
+147
+00:10:42,340 --> 00:10:46,580
+sources مصادر التبرعات استجابة لأي حملة كل واحدة
+
+148
+00:10:46,580 --> 00:10:51,120
+من هدول حملات لها رقم معين والـ code هذا بيساعدني
+
+149
+00:10:51,120 --> 00:10:56,100
+في الموضوع الأرشفة بعدين هنا بتتكلم على الـ purpose
+
+150
+00:10:56,100 --> 00:10:59,200
+الـ purpose برضه هدف التبرع أيتام ولا بوسنل ولا
+
+151
+00:10:59,200 --> 00:11:02,940
+مساجد زي الواجهة اللي احنا عملناها، بتكلم بعدين هنا
+
+152
+00:11:02,940 --> 00:11:06,580
+على الـ period الفترة برضه بنقسمها إلى فترة التبرع
+
+153
+00:11:06,580 --> 00:11:11,440
+في مرحل مراحل السنة بنقسمها لمراحل هنا يعني مديها
+
+154
+00:11:11,440 --> 00:11:15,900
+أرقام برضه بـ code معين يعني شايف هنا أربعة أربعة
+
+155
+00:11:15,900 --> 00:11:19,060
+ربطهم إيه؟ عشان مع أربعة وتسعين أربعة وتسعين خمسة
+
+156
+00:11:19,060 --> 00:11:23,900
+خمسة خمسماية وثلاثة اه هذه حملة سنة خمسة وتسعين و
+
+157
+00:11:23,900 --> 00:11:26,380
+ممكن الناس يعني يستسهلوا زي اللي باخد صورة على
+
+158
+00:11:26,380 --> 00:11:30,600
+الجوال بطلع رقم يقولك اثنا عشر ثلاثة يعني يوم اثنا عشر
+
+159
+00:11:30,600 --> 00:11:34,060
+الشهر مارس ثلاثة مارس هيك بيعملوا هذا الـ code
+
+160
+00:11:34,060 --> 00:11:39,000
+بعدين أنا بتكلم على الـ fund الـ fund نتكلم على 
+
+161
+00:11:39,000 --> 00:11:44,040
+مينية تبرع متخصص أو عام برضه وبعدين نتكلم على الـ
+
+162
+00:11:44,040 --> 00:11:49,020
+letter رسالة رقم رسالة شكر اللي بعتناله إياها في
+
+163
+00:11:49,020 --> 00:11:52,820
+end برضه ثلاثة عشر أربعة عشر خمسة عشر ستة عشر هي بياناتنا 
+
+164
+00:11:52,820 --> 00:11:58,040
+خاصة بإعدادات الشاشة إضافة تغيير معلومات حدث
+
+165
+00:11:58,040 --> 00:12:04,580
+والخروج من هذه الشاشة احنا لما نقول توصية بواجهة
+
+166
+00:12:04,580 --> 00:12:09,240
+معينة بتخزن البيانات عملية الـ data entry ممكن تكون
+
+167
+00:12:09,240 --> 00:12:14,500
+تأخذ وقت من داخل البيانات وبتكون تعبها مرة واحدة
+
+168
+00:12:14,500 --> 00:12:18,900
+تحديث البيانات كل فترة لكن تراكم هذه المعلومات
+
+169
+00:12:18,900 --> 00:12:22,920
+بتوفر لي كم هائل من قاعدة البيانات اللي ممكن تكون
+
+170
+00:12:22,920 --> 00:12:28,180
+متاحة لي لأستخدمها في التواصل مع عدد متطور
+
+171
+00:12:28,180 --> 00:12:34,000
+متنامي ومتزايد من هذه القوائم من المعلومات بناء
+
+172
+00:12:34,000 --> 00:12:37,300
+المعلوماتية في المؤسسة اليوم أمر حتمي لتطوير
+
+173
+00:12:37,300 --> 00:12:41,490
+المؤسسات وبناء قيمة فعالة حقيقية لها، فبالتالي
+
+174
+00:12:41,490 --> 00:12:46,350
+نعزز مساهمة المؤسسات في خطتها الاستراتيجية بوضع
+
+175
+00:12:46,350 --> 00:12:50,990
+حقول لها وأهداف فرعية ماشية لها علاقة بتطوير
+
+176
+00:12:50,990 --> 00:12:57,160
+العمل المحاسبي داخل المؤسسات سواء بتطوير البرامج أو
+
+177
+00:12:57,160 --> 00:13:01,740
+توفير الحواسيب وتطبيقات الجوالات حتى العمل
+
+178
+00:13:01,740 --> 00:13:05,720
+الميداني وتقارير العمل الميداني كلها تكون محتوظة
+
+179
+00:13:05,720 --> 00:13:09,220
+بتفيدني للممولين بتفيدني في عدد التقارير السنوية
+
+180
+00:13:09,220 --> 00:13:12,280
+بتفيدني في التواصل مع عدد كبير من الناس وتكون
+
+181
+00:13:12,280 --> 00:13:15,740
+عندي قاعدة بيانات تساعدني في اتخاذ القرارات احنا
+
+182
+00:13:15,740 --> 00:13:19,480
+شكرين لكم اهتمامكم وحسنا أن .. يعني إنصاتكم
+
+183
+00:13:19,480 --> 00:13:22,780
+نترككم في رعاية الله وتوفيقه والسلام عليكم ورحمة
+
+184
+00:13:22,780 --> 00:13:23,180
+الله وبركاته

PL9fwy3NUQKwbqRqP24yHh6436xDshIebX/1GLvN_Vn4dY_postprocess.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1229 @@
+1
+00:00:04,930 --> 00:00:09,350
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والحمد لله رب العالمين أن
+
+2
+00:00:09,350 --> 00:00:14,090
+الطريقة 22 هي الحفل السنوي التي تقوم بيها المنظمات
+
+3
+00:00:14,090 --> 00:00:22,370
+الغير حكومية الحفل
+
+4
+00:00:22,370 --> 00:00:28,020
+السنوي أو التكريم اللي بيتم كل فترةمن المنظمات
+
+5
+00:00:28,020 --> 00:00:31,340
+الغير حكومية بتعمل حشد لجهودها وحشد لإمكانياتها
+
+6
+00:00:31,340 --> 00:00:38,080
+لعمل هدى الفعلية بيكون إلها وقع كبير على رفع قيمة
+
+7
+00:00:38,080 --> 00:00:42,940
+المنظمة الغير حكومية في القطاع وفي المجتمع ما بين
+
+8
+00:00:42,940 --> 00:00:47,540
+زملاءها من المؤسسات التانية سواء حكومية أو خاصة أو
+
+9
+00:00:47,540 --> 00:00:54,800
+غير حكومية فكرة الحفلة السنوية أنه في تظاهرةبسنوية
+
+10
+00:00:54,800 --> 00:01:00,850
+بتجمع ذوي الاختصاص في هذا اليومسواء من أفراد،
+
+11
+00:01:00,850 --> 00:01:04,850
+شركات خاصة، منظومات غير حكومية أو منظومات حكومية
+
+12
+00:01:04,850 --> 00:01:08,590
+وبيكون إلها .. إله طابع معين، إله يوم معين زي مثلا
+
+13
+00:01:08,590 --> 00:01:12,510
+عندنا في قطاع غزة دائما عندنا حفل ثانوي يوم
+
+14
+00:01:12,510 --> 00:01:16,690
+المحاسب الفلسطيني هذا يوم بيجتمعوا فيه بإشراف ..
+
+15
+00:01:16,690 --> 00:01:20,170
+بتقوم بتنظيمه اللي هو نقابة المحاسبين والمراجعين
+
+16
+00:01:20,170 --> 00:01:24,570
+الفلسطينيين طب هذا اليوم بيتواصلوا مع كل أصحاب
+
+17
+00:01:24,570 --> 00:01:30,040
+المهنة والمكاتب المحاسبة ومكاتب المراجعةوشركات
+
+18
+00:01:30,040 --> 00:01:34,460
+سواء محلية او اجنبية او عربية تشتغل في مجال
+
+19
+00:01:34,460 --> 00:01:39,750
+المحاسبة والتدقيقمنظمات حكومية بيتم دعوتهم منظمات
+
+20
+00:01:39,750 --> 00:01:44,630
+حكومية بيكونوا وجودهم مهم فيه مجلة أو دليل سنوي
+
+21
+00:01:44,630 --> 00:01:50,810
+بيتم طباعته طيب بيتم فيه حفل يعني تداهوة لكل أصحاب
+
+22
+00:01:50,810 --> 00:01:56,630
+المهنة وبيتم يعني توثيقه إعلامي أعلاميا من خلال
+
+23
+00:01:56,630 --> 00:02:01,310
+الصحاف والإذاعة والتلفزيون أو قنوات أكثر من قنوات
+
+24
+00:02:01,310 --> 00:02:04,110
+فضائية بتيجي بتغطي في هذه الفعلية أو قنوات أرضية
+
+25
+00:02:04,110 --> 00:02:10,300
+احنا ب .. عفونااحنا بنتكلم على أنه عندي حفل ثانوي
+
+26
+00:02:10,300 --> 00:02:14,520
+الهدف منه أني أقدم منتجاتي أو أقدم خبراتي أو أقدم
+
+27
+00:02:14,520 --> 00:02:20,040
+خدماتي للمجتمع و أعرف المجتمع فيا و أتواصل مع ضوء
+
+28
+00:02:20,040 --> 00:02:24,040
+الخصاص اختصاص أو أصحاب المهنة و نفس الوقت أفتح
+
+29
+00:02:24,040 --> 00:02:29,290
+مجال قوي جدا لتلقى الدعممن المؤسسات الرسمية،
+
+30
+00:02:29,290 --> 00:02:33,270
+المؤسسات الدولية، المؤسسات الإقليمية، المؤسسات
+
+31
+00:02:33,270 --> 00:02:36,630
+القطاع الخاص، وفي نفس الوقت تعزيز دور أو قيمة
+
+32
+00:02:36,630 --> 00:02:39,830
+المهنة هذه اللي موجودة، فبهذا يوم، ليش؟ كل قطع من
+
+33
+00:02:39,830 --> 00:02:43,550
+القطعات يكون له يوم مميز، يوم في الصحةيوم للمدرس
+
+34
+00:02:43,550 --> 00:02:47,830
+يوم للمحامي للمحامي وطبعا مش للمحامي و القاضي و
+
+35
+00:02:47,830 --> 00:02:56,290
+الجهات العدلية يوم خاص بإبراز أهمية تعليم القرآن و
+
+36
+00:02:56,290 --> 00:03:01,070
+تعليم الدين مثلا انت في عندك كتير من الفعليات اللي
+
+37
+00:03:01,070 --> 00:03:06,420
+بيحددلها تظاهرة عالية ودعم فيها حشد بشكل كبيرفي
+
+38
+00:03:06,420 --> 00:03:11,740
+بعض المؤسسات اللي بتشتغل بقالية جديدة أو بقالية
+
+39
+00:03:11,740 --> 00:03:17,380
+فيها نوع من الغفاهية شوية أنهم بيعملوا حفل عشاء
+
+40
+00:03:17,380 --> 00:03:23,080
+سنوي أو حفل غداء سنوي والحفل هذا بتيجي منظمات غير
+
+41
+00:03:23,080 --> 00:03:26,560
+حكومية لموالي الأجانب يعني لما قعدت ��ع بعض
+
+42
+00:03:26,560 --> 00:03:29,780
+الممولين أعرف من أين مصادر التمويل تبعهم بعض
+
+43
+00:03:29,780 --> 00:03:34,240
+مؤسسات التركية بلغتني هنعمل حفلعشاء أو حفل إفطار
+
+44
+00:03:34,240 --> 00:03:37,440
+خيري و بركزوا فيه في فترة رمضان و بعملوه في أكثر
+
+45
+00:03:37,440 --> 00:03:40,800
+من مكان و أكثر من فرق و الهدف الحفل الخيري هذا
+
+46
+00:03:40,800 --> 00:03:44,640
+يعني بيحاولوا يدعو فيه كبار الشخصيات في البلد و
+
+47
+00:03:44,640 --> 00:03:50,300
+الشخصيات اللي عندها يعني عمال تجارية و عمال صناعية
+
+48
+00:03:50,300 --> 00:03:53,940
+و إلهم مناصب عالية في البلد بيحاولوا يدعوهم في هذا
+
+49
+00:03:53,940 --> 00:03:58,020
+الاحتفال و الاحتفال الخيري الريع أو العائد اللي
+
+50
+00:03:58,020 --> 00:04:01,360
+بيكون في هذا الاحتفال تدفع تبرعات و تدفع تذاكر
+
+51
+00:04:01,360 --> 00:04:05,030
+لهذا الاحتفالتمام؟ وبالتالي هذه الفلوس كلها تدخل
+
+52
+00:04:05,030 --> 00:04:08,870
+في صندوق كبير للمؤسسة اللي بتقدر تاخده عشان تموّل
+
+53
+00:04:08,870 --> 00:04:12,590
+أنشطتها لمدة سنة كاملة يا سلام يعني احنا حاشد
+
+54
+00:04:12,590 --> 00:04:16,610
+جهودنا ليوم معين تظاهره معينة بترتب عليه مبالغ
+
+55
+00:04:16,610 --> 00:04:20,250
+ضخمة بتمجمحها و بتصرف علي المؤسسة موظفيها بفروحها
+
+56
+00:04:20,250 --> 00:04:23,990
+بأنشطتها بمشاريحها خلال السنوات الحفل الإفطار
+
+57
+00:04:23,990 --> 00:04:27,770
+الرمضاني أو الإفطار السنوي أو المهرجان السنوي أو
+
+58
+00:04:27,770 --> 00:04:32,440
+الحفل السنوي بكون له دور فاعلبشكل كبير بس بحتاج
+
+59
+00:04:32,440 --> 00:04:38,120
+إنه تخطيط وتهيئة وتجهيز بشكل عالي لتهيئ المؤسسة
+
+60
+00:04:38,120 --> 00:04:41,320
+إنها تكون يعني تذهب لمظهر لائق في المجتمع وإنها
+
+61
+00:04:41,320 --> 00:04:44,940
+مميزة في مجال مهنتها مميزة في مجال خدمتها للناس
+
+62
+00:04:44,940 --> 00:04:51,660
+وجعيتها للفئات اللي هي بتخدمها وتقدملها منتجاتها
+
+63
+00:04:51,660 --> 00:04:55,540
+وخدماتهاناخد فكرة عن الحفل السنوي، أيش اللي موجود
+
+64
+00:04:55,540 --> 00:04:58,940
+لنا في الكتاب ونحاول نعطيكم قصة أو اتنين بعد هذا
+
+65
+00:04:58,940 --> 00:05:05,080
+اللي قال بسيط بداية من مناسبات لا تنقطع في أي
+
+66
+00:05:05,080 --> 00:05:09,060
+مجتمع والمنظمة الغير حكومية الفاعلة في العادة
+
+67
+00:05:09,060 --> 00:05:13,440
+بتلجأ انها تشوف ايش هي اهم المناسبات اللي بتتوافق
+
+68
+00:05:13,440 --> 00:05:17,440
+مع أنشطتها وبرامجها وأنشطتهاوالتبرعات المنظمة اللي
+
+69
+00:05:17,440 --> 00:05:22,180
+بتقدر تجمحها في هذه الحفلات أو المناسبات بتكون
+
+70
+00:05:22,180 --> 00:05:30,380
+يعني مميزة بشكل إنها تشكل يعني القاعدة الأساسية في
+
+71
+00:05:30,380 --> 00:05:34,800
+جميع أنشطة المؤسسة خلال العام و أحيانا لتمويل مثلا
+
+72
+00:05:34,800 --> 00:05:39,740
+كتير من المشاريع اللي بتكون داخل البلد أو خارج
+
+73
+00:05:39,740 --> 00:05:45,310
+البلدده وقولنا فيه متبرعين من الشخصيات المميزة في
+
+74
+00:05:45,310 --> 00:05:49,530
+المجتمع اجتمعوا مع بعض في عشاء وتام في عرض أنشطة
+
+75
+00:05:49,530 --> 00:05:55,310
+المؤسسة وبرامجها وخدماتها والأفراد ووصولها إلى
+
+76
+00:05:55,310 --> 00:05:59,440
+فئات ذات احتياجات معينةوالناس اللي موجودين هدولة
+
+77
+00:05:59,440 --> 00:06:03,980
+يعني وهم موجودين في هذا الحفل الأشاء بيجتمعوا مع
+
+78
+00:06:03,980 --> 00:06:08,040
+بعض وفي بينهم علاقات وفي ما بينهم شفافية ومصدقية
+
+79
+00:06:08,040 --> 00:06:12,080
+واحترام لأنشطة هذه المؤسسة هنلاقي إنه هيقوموا
+
+80
+00:06:12,080 --> 00:06:18,160
+بأدوار معينة إنه تشجع الحضور كلهم كلهم بيشجعوا بعض
+
+81
+00:06:18,160 --> 00:06:23,490
+على أساس إنه كلهم يشاركوالعملية الإنفاق والبدل
+
+82
+00:06:23,490 --> 00:06:27,610
+لتطوير هذه المنظمة،
+والوقوف إلى جانبها، ودعم
+
+83
+00:06:27,610 --> 00:06:31,790
+أنشطتها واستمراريتها. حتى ظروف الصعبة أحيانًا بتمر
+
+84
+00:06:31,790 --> 00:06:33,550
+بالمجتمعات، من ناحية الاقتصادية، بقولك، حتى
+
+85
+00:06:33,550 --> 00:06:37,510
+المنظمة هذه بدنا نحاول ندعمها، وتتغلب على المشاكل،
+
+86
+00:06:37,510 --> 00:06:42,470
+وبدنا هي تستمر.ممكن تعرض من خلال هذا الحفل أو
+
+87
+00:06:42,470 --> 00:06:48,570
+اللقاء فيلم معين بيلخص ظاهرة معينة أو بيعكس نوع من
+
+88
+00:06:48,570 --> 00:06:52,990
+المعاناة بشكل كبير لفئة من الناس احنا قضايانا
+
+89
+00:06:52,990 --> 00:06:57,910
+بالنسبة للمسلمين لات انقطعوكثير من الأحداث
+
+90
+00:06:57,910 --> 00:07:00,910
+والمقاسي اللي بتطير للشعب الفلسطيني أو الشعوب
+
+91
+00:07:00,910 --> 00:07:04,990
+الإسلامية في أكتر من مكان بيتم اليوم الألمين
+
+92
+00:07:04,990 --> 00:07:09,290
+يحاولوا يغطوها بشكل كبير ويعرضوها لمؤسسات غير
+
+93
+00:07:09,290 --> 00:07:12,890
+حكومية أو في لقاءات معينة أن يحاولوا يستخدموها
+
+94
+00:07:12,890 --> 00:07:18,370
+كنواة أو بداية أو ركيزة لجمع تمويل عمل مشروعات على
+
+95
+00:07:18,370 --> 00:07:23,230
+هذا الأساس طبعا احنا بدنا يكون العمل خيريويكون
+
+96
+00:07:23,230 --> 00:07:26,610
+العمل فعلاً مقصود منه جمع الأموال لعمال خيرية وليس
+
+97
+00:07:26,610 --> 00:07:31,170
+لمصالح خاصة المشاريع المنظمة وإنجازاتها وطموحاتها
+
+98
+00:07:31,170 --> 00:07:36,510
+أمومها بتتكلم على تلت أزمين، الزمن الماضي والزمن
+
+99
+00:07:36,510 --> 00:07:40,410
+الحاضر، الماضي يعني إيش اللي إحنا أنجزناها، إيش
+
+100
+00:07:40,410 --> 00:07:43,230
+المشاريع اللي إحنا اتفكرنا فيها، والإنجازات اللي
+
+101
+00:07:43,230 --> 00:07:46,510
+هي الحاضر والطموحات اللي هي إيش مشاريعنا
+
+102
+00:07:46,510 --> 00:07:50,660
+المستقبليا أو ضغطا للمستقبلوبالتالي إحنا بنحاول
+
+103
+00:07:50,660 --> 00:07:56,900
+نوضع ما بين إيدين الحضورة تسلسل كامل بشفافية كاملة
+
+104
+00:07:56,900 --> 00:08:04,500
+للمؤسسة وليش ما يكن كمان يعملين تكريم لبعض موظفي
+
+105
+00:08:04,500 --> 00:08:11,300
+المؤسسات الخاصة أو الحكومية أو أصحاب الأعمال أو
+
+106
+00:08:11,300 --> 00:08:15,520
+الشخصيات المميزة اللي قدوا بلاء مميز للعمال
+
+107
+00:08:15,520 --> 00:08:18,940
+الخيرية في هذا القطاع أو في هذا المجاليعني بعض
+
+108
+00:08:18,940 --> 00:08:23,080
+الناس سواء أفراد أو أصحاب الشركات اشتغلوا بصورة
+
+109
+00:08:23,080 --> 00:08:27,940
+فردية وكان عندهم تمويل حطول أجهزة ومعدات طبية وانا
+
+110
+00:08:27,940 --> 00:08:32,140
+مؤسسة ضيوف حكومي في مجال العمل الصحي ليش ما اعمل
+
+111
+00:08:32,140 --> 00:08:36,900
+عملية تكريم لإلهموقول هذا قدم جهاز بقيمة كذا إلى
+
+112
+00:08:36,900 --> 00:08:39,940
+المستشفى الفلاني اللي مش طابع لينا بس طابع للحكومة
+
+113
+00:08:39,940 --> 00:08:45,200
+وهذا يستهل كل احترام و تقدير فلان قدم قدم يعني
+
+114
+00:08:45,200 --> 00:08:49,240
+مجهودات في مجال تطوير التطعيمات أو تطوير الأدوية
+
+115
+00:08:49,520 --> 00:08:53,560
+لنفعة البشرية برضه بنحاول نقدمله يعني شكر و .. و
+
+116
+00:08:53,560 --> 00:08:56,000
+.. الناس بتتسابق اليوم والنظام الدولي الحكومي
+
+117
+00:08:56,000 --> 00:08:59,200
+بتتسابق لإنه يشوفوا مين الشخصيات المميزة في مجالهم
+
+118
+00:08:59,200 --> 00:09:03,340
+يفتح معاهم مجال طيب من العلاقة طبعا هذا بيتم في
+
+119
+00:09:03,340 --> 00:09:07,120
+صورة عائلية و في صورة ودية في لقاء على العشاء و
+
+120
+00:09:07,120 --> 00:09:13,040
+لقاء أسري لقاء أخوي لقاء مهني لقاء رغبة منه انه
+
+121
+00:09:13,040 --> 00:09:18,960
+هذا دعم ل .. لأمور مستقبلية ان شاء اللهالمنظومات
+
+122
+00:09:18,960 --> 00:09:22,460
+غير حكومية في الدول الأجنبية بيشتغلوا على منظم
+
+123
+00:09:22,460 --> 00:09:26,840
+الحفل السنوي في العادة و هو بيمثل زي ما حكيت نسبة
+
+124
+00:09:26,840 --> 00:09:32,510
+كبيرة من دخلها خلال السنةيعني حفل كبير أو مجموعة
+
+125
+00:09:32,510 --> 00:09:39,570
+من الحفلات المتسلسلة مع بعض للنفس المؤسسة بيشكلها
+
+126
+00:09:39,570 --> 00:09:44,770
+هي المصدر التمويل الرئيسي يعني هذه من الأسرار
+
+127
+00:09:44,770 --> 00:09:48,510
+المهنية اللي بيحتفظوا أنفسهم فيها الممولين العرب
+
+128
+00:09:48,510 --> 00:09:51,930
+أو الأجانب يعني أسيبي المثال هنا بيعكسنا الكاتب
+
+129
+00:09:51,930 --> 00:09:54,590
+بارك الله فيه موضوع هيئة الغرفة الإسلامية العالمية
+
+130
+00:09:54,590 --> 00:09:59,370
+الـ Islamic Reliefطبعا ممكن تدخل على مواقع الهيئة
+
+131
+00:09:59,370 --> 00:10:01,650
+الإسلامية .. اللغات الإسلامية العالمية موجود مقار
+
+132
+00:10:01,650 --> 00:10:05,490
+في بريطانيا و في فرنسا و في أمريكا و دول عربية و
+
+133
+00:10:05,490 --> 00:10:08,270
+دول أجنبية و هنا في فلسطين في غزة و في الضفة يعني
+
+134
+00:10:08,270 --> 00:10:11,950
+في مقارات كتير موجودة لإلهم و عمال كتير في كذا بلد
+
+135
+00:10:11,950 --> 00:10:15,710
+إسلامي و الحمد لله في عاملين برنامج اسمه سنابل
+
+136
+00:10:15,710 --> 00:10:20,100
+الخير مجموعة من الحفلاتوالحفلات منتشرة في أماكن
+
+137
+00:10:20,100 --> 00:10:23,560
+تجمع فيها التمويل والتمويل هذا تقدّم للأماكن اللي
+
+138
+00:10:23,560 --> 00:10:26,240
+بتحتاجها هذه التمويل يعني احنا في فلسطين أماكن
+
+139
+00:10:26,240 --> 00:10:29,440
+بتحتاج إلى مشاريع في الصحة وفي التعليم وفي الأطفال
+
+140
+00:10:29,440 --> 00:10:34,460
+للطفل وللناشئ وللمؤسسات كتير فالتمويل بيتم جمع
+
+141
+00:10:34,460 --> 00:10:37,220
+مثلا بالبريطانيا من أمريكا من الدول العربية وبيتم
+
+142
+00:10:37,220 --> 00:10:41,060
+حشده بيقسم لبعض الدول شوية لسوريا شوية لفلسطين
+
+143
+00:10:41,060 --> 00:10:45,060
+شوية للدول الجنوب الشرق أسيا المنكوبة المسلمين
+
+144
+00:10:45,060 --> 00:10:48,800
+الموجودين هنافهذه من ضمن الأسرار اللي بيقولوا احنا
+
+145
+00:10:48,800 --> 00:10:52,180
+مصادر تمويلنا جاية من الحفلات اللي بنعملها السنوية
+
+146
+00:10:52,180 --> 00:10:57,280
+اللي بنعقدها بشكل كبير برضه قصة طرحها الكاتب هنا
+
+147
+00:10:57,280 --> 00:11:00,580
+موضوع الأحزاب السياسية كمان الأحزاب السياسية اللي
+
+148
+00:11:00,580 --> 00:11:03,180
+موجودة في الولايات المتحدة وبعض الدول الأوروبية
+
+149
+00:11:03,180 --> 00:11:08,060
+بيعملوا حفلات ليجمعوا التمويل عشان يمولوا الحملات
+
+150
+00:11:08,060 --> 00:11:11,370
+الانتخابيةمحام ناس محملة انتخابية كبيرة بالتم
+
+151
+00:11:11,370 --> 00:11:15,130
+وبمبالغ ضخمة طب من المصادر التمويلها دي من شخص
+
+152
+00:11:15,130 --> 00:11:18,520
+المنتخب اللي ماشي حلله انتخابات طبعا مقدارشولا
+
+153
+00:11:18,520 --> 00:11:22,600
+الحزب اللي موجود بيقدر يوفرها إلا بالخلال مشاريع
+
+154
+00:11:22,600 --> 00:11:28,840
+دعم لهذا الناخب الشخصية اللي هتم ترشيحه للانتخابات
+
+155
+00:11:28,840 --> 00:11:35,500
+فبالتالي الحفلات بتكون هادفة بتكون راقية بتكون
+
+156
+00:11:35,500 --> 00:11:42,000
+إلها حضور واحترام ما بين الناس الهدف منها يطلعوا
+
+157
+00:11:42,720 --> 00:11:48,560
+بشيء داعم للمستقبل وليس فقط حفلة للحفل فقط بالنسبة
+
+158
+00:11:48,560 --> 00:11:52,440
+للحفل السنوي بعض الأمور اللي بنركز علي أنه يكون
+
+159
+00:11:52,440 --> 00:11:55,800
+مرعا فيها المواعيد المناسبة اللي بنقوم فيها بالحفل
+
+160
+00:11:55,800 --> 00:12:01,240
+الخيري هذا اللي بتعترف فيه مين هي ورسالتها ورؤيتها
+
+161
+00:12:01,240 --> 00:12:05,210
+وأنشطتها وبرامجهاالضيوف واختيار مين الضيوف ومين
+
+162
+00:12:05,210 --> 00:12:08,990
+الشخصيات المتكلمة الشخصيات اللي هي موجودة تقدم على
+
+163
+00:12:08,990 --> 00:12:12,170
+المنصة الشخصيات اللي بتكون تحت رعايتها هذا بالأعلى
+
+164
+00:12:12,170 --> 00:12:16,570
+بدور مهم ليعزز وجود باقل الشخصيات يعني تقول هذا
+
+165
+00:12:16,570 --> 00:12:20,390
+الحفل تحت رعاية الوزير الفلاني اللي احنا نتبعين في
+
+166
+00:12:20,390 --> 00:12:23,570
+نفس القطاع وزير الصحة واحنا مؤسسات صحية أو وزير
+
+167
+00:12:23,570 --> 00:12:26,570
+التعليم واحنا مؤسسة تعليمية أو وزير ثقافة أو
+
+168
+00:12:26,570 --> 00:12:29,250
+الهيئة العمالة للثقافة الوكيل للوزارة واحنا مؤسسة
+
+169
+00:12:29,250 --> 00:12:34,210
+ثقافيةتمام، اختلفت المسميات، اختلفت الأنشطة،
+
+170
+00:12:34,210 --> 00:12:39,970
+اختلفت التراخيص، اختلفت الأهداف والفئة المستهتفة،
+
+171
+00:12:39,970 --> 00:12:43,910
+لكن المجال العمل واحد، كلنا ناخد منهجية واحدة في
+
+172
+00:12:43,910 --> 00:12:47,850
+العمل، منهجية الصحة، منهجية التعليم، منهجية ثقافة،
+
+173
+00:12:47,850 --> 00:12:53,910
+منهجية أموال خاصة شراطية، هذه كلها منهجياتعمل
+
+174
+00:12:53,910 --> 00:12:57,970
+مشتركة لكن مين المستفيد والأهداف والرؤية والرسالة
+
+175
+00:12:57,970 --> 00:13:02,810
+والمسمة للمؤسسة بيختلف فاختيار الضيوف بالعبدالله
+
+176
+00:13:02,810 --> 00:13:06,670
+مهم واختيار الشخصيات اللي بتكون بارزة و تحت
+
+177
+00:13:06,670 --> 00:13:10,270
+رعايتهم بيكون أمر مهم لقم تلاتة المكان المناسب
+
+178
+00:13:10,270 --> 00:13:13,670
+اللي بنحط فيه الحفلة مش لازم يكون أحد الفنادق
+
+179
+00:13:13,670 --> 00:13:18,830
+الفقامة ممكن يكون في مؤسسة حكومية أو مؤسسة يعني في
+
+180
+00:13:18,830 --> 00:13:22,130
+بعض المؤسسات اللي لاقيتهم بيحبوا يعملوا فعلياتهم
+
+181
+00:13:22,130 --> 00:13:32,940
+فيقاعة كبيرة تابعة للأيتام اللي هي فيها أن مؤسسات
+
+182
+00:13:32,940 --> 00:13:37,140
+خاصة .. مؤسسات الأيتام الموجودة في شرع الوحدة مثلا
+
+183
+00:13:37,140 --> 00:13:42,700
+عندهم قاعة كبيرة تم تمويلها لعقد الفعاليات وهذه
+
+184
+00:13:42,700 --> 00:13:46,180
+القاعة تم تأجيرها للمؤسسات اللي تقوم بالفعاليات
+
+185
+00:13:47,040 --> 00:13:50,560
+وبالتالي كان أصبح مصدر دخل طب أنت بتعمل تسويق أنك
+
+186
+00:13:50,560 --> 00:13:54,960
+أنت مؤسسة خيرية والهدف منه خدمة الناس و بتعمله
+
+187
+00:13:54,960 --> 00:13:57,500
+برضه في المكان الناس اللي مابتيجي بتنبسط لإنه
+
+188
+00:13:57,500 --> 00:14:01,280
+بتقدم دعم لمين برضه و العلاقة بالأيتام في ناس
+
+189
+00:14:01,280 --> 00:14:06,740
+بيعملوا أنشطة بيستفيدوا من ملاعب الرياضة في النواد
+
+190
+00:14:06,740 --> 00:14:10,280
+الرياضية أو مراكز الشباب و الرياضة طب هذا فيها
+
+191
+00:14:10,280 --> 00:14:13,280
+برضه نوع من أنواع الدعم يعني المبلغ اللي بيحطه خمس
+
+192
+00:14:13,280 --> 00:14:17,640
+ألاف دولار لفندقفي قاعة ضخمة ممكن أدفع ألف دولار
+
+193
+00:14:17,640 --> 00:14:20,220
+لدعم صالة الإجارية قولهم اتفضلوا هاي ألف دولار
+
+194
+00:14:20,220 --> 00:14:23,140
+لدعم الصالة الرياضية بيعمل فعالية عندكم النادي
+
+195
+00:14:23,140 --> 00:14:26,640
+هيكون بيروحب بشغل كبير لإن المبلغ هذا هيستخدمه
+
+196
+00:14:26,640 --> 00:14:29,700
+لتطوير القاع الرياضية و هيكون إيه لك احترامك ما
+
+197
+00:14:29,700 --> 00:14:33,200
+بين المؤسسات التانية انك انت مابتاخدش القمر بنوع
+
+198
+00:14:33,200 --> 00:14:39,240
+من البداخل لكن انت الهدف انه الاستفادة من التمويل
+
+199
+00:14:39,240 --> 00:14:43,960
+الموجود لخدمة أنشطتك بأفضل طريقة ممكن رقم أربعة
+
+200
+00:14:45,600 --> 00:14:51,080
+الدعوة اللي بتقدمها للجمهور أسلوب السيارة، أسلوب
+
+201
+00:14:51,080 --> 00:14:55,200
+الوصول، الأداء اللي أنا بدي أحاول أبلغه فيها كيف
+
+202
+00:14:55,200 --> 00:14:57,640
+أني أنا أسمع رأيه، كيف أخليه يسجل، كيف يعرف
+
+203
+00:14:57,640 --> 00:15:01,160
+بالحدث، كيف أني أشد انتباه وجوده في هذا الحدث، كيف
+
+204
+00:15:01,160 --> 00:15:05,200
+أن أقوله تعالي أنت كإنسان بسيط وتبرع تبرع حتى
+
+205
+00:15:05,200 --> 00:15:08,320
+مبالغ بسيطة، إحنا يعني شكرين لإيه لك بالقوش
+
+206
+00:15:08,320 --> 00:15:14,330
+الزهيدة اللي أنت بتجرب تحطهاوأي شيء عيني، نقدي،
+
+207
+00:15:14,330 --> 00:15:18,670
+معنوي أنت بتقدمه إحنا بنشكر لك هذا المجهود لإنه في
+
+208
+00:15:18,670 --> 00:15:22,470
+مجال النشاط وفي مجال المهنة يعني أنا أذكر في
+
+209
+00:15:22,470 --> 00:15:27,110
+القاهرة في أحدى الفعاليات اللي عملت لطب الأسنان
+
+210
+00:15:27,110 --> 00:15:30,750
+كانت فعالية تظاهرة سنوية بتنعمل من مؤسسة غير
+
+211
+00:15:30,750 --> 00:15:33,970
+حكومية لطب الأسنان بتعمل شركات مع منظمات غير
+
+212
+00:15:33,970 --> 00:15:38,510
+حكومية تانية تحت إشراف وذات الصحةبالشراكة مع
+
+213
+00:15:38,510 --> 00:15:42,130
+الشركات المتخصصة في مجال طب الأسنان يعني أنا
+
+214
+00:15:42,130 --> 00:15:45,310
+انبهرت بالتنظيم اللي معملينه بطريقة كتير ممتازة
+
+215
+00:15:45,310 --> 00:15:49,150
+وكانوا عدد ضخم من الطباء الأسنان كانوا كلهم
+
+216
+00:15:49,150 --> 00:15:52,250
+موجودين في الفعالية هذه وكانت في محاضرات ورش عمل
+
+217
+00:15:52,250 --> 00:15:56,210
+ومؤتمر وكان في عرض للشركات اللي بتشتغل في مجال طب
+
+218
+00:15:56,210 --> 00:16:02,170
+الأسنان يعني الفكرة كانت تظاهرة عالية جدافي مكان و
+
+219
+00:16:02,170 --> 00:16:05,630
+تكرر سنويًا مجهود كبير بيقوموا فيه و نفس الوقت
+
+220
+00:16:05,630 --> 00:16:08,770
+التمويل كان ييجي من الشركات الخاصة لأجرات في
+
+221
+00:16:08,770 --> 00:16:12,630
+القاعات و في نفس الوقت الناس من الناس الأكاديميين
+
+222
+00:16:12,630 --> 00:16:15,410
+و الناس الدول الاختصاصية اللي قدموا ورشات عمل و
+
+223
+00:16:15,410 --> 00:16:20,390
+محاضرات وبرنامج علمي فاعل جدا برضه بصورة تبرع كانت
+
+224
+00:16:23,130 --> 00:16:26,050
+الطباء اللي إجوا كلهم أخدوا على هداية تذكارية من
+
+225
+00:16:26,050 --> 00:16:29,110
+المنظمات الغير حكومية اللي اشتغلت في هذا المجال
+
+226
+00:16:29,110 --> 00:16:31,730
+انت لما يكون عندك فعالية زيها ده ممكن تخبط على
+
+227
+00:16:31,730 --> 00:16:34,850
+الممول تقوله أنا في عندي الفعالية كذا هل أنت مهتم؟
+
+228
+00:16:34,850 --> 00:16:37,630
+هتلاقي في بعضهم ناس مهتمين وبيجوا بيقدموا هذا
+
+229
+00:16:37,630 --> 00:16:43,160
+الدعم؟كل بنظمة اليوم قادرة انها تعمل فعالية سنوية
+
+230
+00:16:43,160 --> 00:16:48,740
+وهذا اللي بيظهرها قدام كل الناس ان انت موجودة
+
+231
+00:16:48,740 --> 00:16:55,280
+وبقوة كمان خمسة الحفليكون بين المدعوين عدد من
+
+232
+00:16:55,280 --> 00:16:58,940
+الشخصيات اللي لها قيمة ومعروفة في المجتمع أو بيتم
+
+233
+00:16:58,940 --> 00:17:02,940
+عمل لقاءات محم بيتم إبراز دورهم و التركيز عليهم
+
+234
+00:17:02,940 --> 00:17:06,020
+وفي الصحافة وفي التصوير كمان وفي الإعلام وفي
+
+235
+00:17:06,020 --> 00:17:11,640
+الأخبار بيكون وجودهم ولمساتهم وكلماتهم وتعليقاتهم
+
+236
+00:17:11,640 --> 00:17:15,570
+لها دور فاعل علشان تشجع الناس إنها تحضروتشجع بقيمة
+
+237
+00:17:15,570 --> 00:17:19,450
+هذا الحدث وتشجع على إن الناس يعني تكرر النص السنة
+
+238
+00:17:19,450 --> 00:17:22,750
+اللي بعدها أو اللي بعدها يكون فيه عدد متنامي وعدد
+
+239
+00:17:22,750 --> 00:17:30,810
+يعني مميز لـ .. لهذه المهنة أو لهذا التبرع ستة
+
+240
+00:17:30,810 --> 00:17:35,470
+نحكي إن المنظمة الخيارية أن يكون عندها برنامج حافل
+
+241
+00:17:35,780 --> 00:17:41,560
+و يكون فيه برنامج علمي و برنامج ثقافي و برنامج
+
+242
+00:17:41,560 --> 00:17:46,180
+اجتماعي لما يكونوا الأطباء الأساسا زي ما حكينا
+
+243
+00:17:46,180 --> 00:17:48,600
+موجودين بصير فيهم عملية بدء الخبرات بصير فيهم
+
+244
+00:17:48,600 --> 00:17:51,980
+عملية علاقات و بصير فيهم عملية تكميل للمجهودات و
+
+245
+00:17:51,980 --> 00:17:56,490
+الأعمال بينهمزائد العلم والثقافة في هذه المجال فى
+
+246
+00:17:56,490 --> 00:17:59,510
+معلومات جديدة وامحاث جديدة وأفكار جديدة وقليات
+
+247
+00:17:59,510 --> 00:18:03,570
+جديدة تقدم للناس فبتزيدوا علما وخبرا وعلاقات
+
+248
+00:18:03,570 --> 00:18:07,890
+اجتماعية وثقافة هذه الأيام أيام مميزة جدا فى مجال
+
+249
+00:18:07,890 --> 00:18:11,490
+العمل الخاص بالمنظمات الغير حكومية
+
+250
+00:18:19,090 --> 00:18:22,550
+التضاهرات السنوية أو الحفلات السنوية بتقيم فيها
+
+251
+00:18:22,550 --> 00:18:26,290
+المنظمات الحكومية متعددة حتى في غزة في عنا في نشاط
+
+252
+00:18:26,290 --> 00:18:30,150
+ملحوظ في هذا المجال بس أحيانا بيجي فترات من الوضع
+
+253
+00:18:30,150 --> 00:18:34,350
+الاقتصادي السيء أو أحيانا بيكون حروب عندنا عدوان
+
+254
+00:18:34,350 --> 00:18:37,570
+على قطاع غزة فهذه بتأجل بعض الفعاليات عندنا في
+
+255
+00:18:37,570 --> 00:18:44,870
+مثلا فعالية سنوية الها سنوات عديدة اللي هي خاصة
+
+256
+00:18:44,870 --> 00:18:51,660
+بالمنظمةالغير حكومية القائمة على عضوية اشراف على
+
+257
+00:18:51,660 --> 00:18:55,240
+او هي زي اتحاد لشركات الـTechnological معلومات
+
+258
+00:18:55,240 --> 00:19:01,100
+بكتي بيتا بيتا شركات اللي هي منظمة الفلسطينية
+
+259
+00:19:01,100 --> 00:19:05,800
+لشركات الـTechnological معلومات بيتا فبيعملوا
+
+260
+00:19:07,220 --> 00:19:10,080
+وعندهم حضرة أعمال التكنولوجيا اللي هي Big T كمان
+
+261
+00:19:10,080 --> 00:19:14,260
+موجودة يعني هذه برضه بثقت عنها فكرتهم أنه بيعملوا
+
+262
+00:19:14,260 --> 00:19:21,160
+زي معرض سنوي للشركات الغير حكومية أو شركات خاصة أو
+
+263
+00:19:21,160 --> 00:19:24,780
+المشروعات الرياضية في مجال الـ IT يعني أي حاجة
+
+264
+00:19:24,780 --> 00:19:26,660
+علاقة بالـ ICT Information and Communication
+
+265
+00:19:26,660 --> 00:19:33,180
+Technology بيعملوا معرض سنوي لمؤسسة Betaوبيعملوه
+
+266
+00:19:33,180 --> 00:19:36,360
+في مقار في العادة في مقارات يعني بياخدوا مقار واسع
+
+267
+00:19:36,360 --> 00:19:43,980
+للشركات العارضة ومحاضرات وورشات عمل وناس مختصين
+
+268
+00:19:43,980 --> 00:19:50,840
+طلبة مدارس طلبة جامعات ومعاهد ناس زوار ناس مهتمين
+
+269
+00:19:50,840 --> 00:19:54,420
+في الحصول على الخدمات والمنتجات بيكون فيهم عروض
+
+270
+00:19:54,420 --> 00:19:57,640
+خاصة بالنسبة للمنتجات عروض خاصة للتسجيل للدورات في
+
+271
+00:19:57,640 --> 00:20:04,220
+المجال ال ICTفعلا .. فعلا تظاهرة سنوية حافلة جدا
+
+272
+00:20:04,220 --> 00:20:08,560
+وقدرتها اليوم على أنها توصل لكل الناس وكل الناس
+
+273
+00:20:08,560 --> 00:20:12,900
+تسمع فيها أصبحت مميزة و أحيان بيحصل التنمويل بشكل
+
+274
+00:20:12,900 --> 00:20:16,800
+كبير سنويا من الـ Bank of Islamic تنمية أو بعض
+
+275
+00:20:16,800 --> 00:20:20,570
+المؤسسات المانحةبتيجي و بتقوله اتفضل هاي مبلغ مثلا
+
+276
+00:20:20,570 --> 00:20:23,190
+خد هاي خمسين ألف دولار مية ألف دولار لعمل هذه
+
+277
+00:20:23,190 --> 00:20:27,770
+التظاهرة أو عمل هذا النشاط اللي بعزز دور واهتمام
+
+278
+00:20:27,770 --> 00:20:31,010
+الناس بال ICT في المجتمع الفلسطيني قيص على هذه
+
+279
+00:20:31,010 --> 00:20:36,540
+كتير من الأنشطة والفعاليات اللي هي تعقدطبقاً
+
+280
+00:20:36,540 --> 00:20:41,320
+للنشاط أو للمجال المهنم هذا المجال برضه من
+
+281
+00:20:41,320 --> 00:20:44,700
+المجالات الواسعة اللي بتعزز دور المؤسسات الغير
+
+282
+00:20:44,700 --> 00:20:48,220
+حكومية أو منظمات غير حكومية انها تكون عندها مصدر
+
+283
+00:20:48,220 --> 00:20:51,620
+للتمويل ومصدر للدعاية والإعلام لأنفسها وفي نفس
+
+284
+00:20:51,620 --> 00:20:57,180
+الوقت تقدم شيء مميز تشتهد على طول السنة ويكون ��اعل
+
+285
+00:20:57,180 --> 00:21:00,280
+يمكن أننا في كلية الاقتصاد العملي الإدارية في
+
+286
+00:21:00,280 --> 00:21:04,930
+عندنا تظاهرة بنعملها سنويا اللي هو مؤتمرسنوي
+
+287
+00:21:04,930 --> 00:21:08,410
+نختاره في أحدى المواضيع المهمة في مجال الاقتصاد أو
+
+288
+00:21:08,410 --> 00:21:12,430
+إدارة العمل أو المحاسبة بيصاحبوا على الهامش كمان
+
+289
+00:21:12,430 --> 00:21:15,770
+معرض للمنتجات الوطنية الفلسطينية فالاتنين مع بعض
+
+290
+00:21:15,770 --> 00:21:19,010
+بيكونوا ماشيين يعقدوا سنويًا لمدة أربع خمس أيام
+
+291
+00:21:19,010 --> 00:21:23,150
+المؤتمر لمدة يومين والمعرض بيستمر مع المؤتمر لمدة
+
+292
+00:21:23,150 --> 00:21:26,390
+يومين وبيكمل كمان يومين أربع أيام وبيكون الشرط أن
+
+293
+00:21:26,390 --> 00:21:32,410
+المشاركين من الشركاتيقدموا منتج يعني القيم المضافة
+
+294
+00:21:32,410 --> 00:21:36,510
+فيه ما تقلش عن 30، 40% منتج وطني يعني ممكن في بعض
+
+295
+00:21:36,510 --> 00:21:40,190
+المنتجات بتكون مستوردة بيتم تصنيحها وعادة هيكلتها
+
+296
+00:21:40,190 --> 00:21:45,650
+وعادة يعني تحويلها إلى منتجات فيها لمسة وطنية أو
+
+297
+00:21:45,650 --> 00:21:49,230
+قيم مضافة وطنية وبالتالي بتقدم في هذا المعرضو على
+
+298
+00:21:49,230 --> 00:21:52,530
+قراره هيكون فيه .. بيكون دايما فيه مؤتمر تقدمه و
+
+299
+00:21:52,530 --> 00:21:55,090
+أوراق العمل و الأبحاث الأكاديمية و الأبحاث
+
+300
+00:21:55,090 --> 00:21:58,430
+الميدانية و الكلمات من ناس المختصين بيحضرلها
+
+301
+00:21:58,430 --> 00:22:02,770
+الطلبة الجامعين و المدارسين و ذوي الاختصاص و
+
+302
+00:22:02,770 --> 00:22:05,530
+الشركات الخاصة و من ضمن القرية الحكومية و على
+
+303
+00:22:05,530 --> 00:22:08,990
+رأسهم طبعا موجود الوزارة المختصة اللي احنا دايما
+
+304
+00:22:08,990 --> 00:22:12,240
+بنسق معها وزارة الاقتصاد الوطنيووزارة الزراعة
+
+305
+00:22:12,240 --> 00:22:17,040
+وكانت فترة من الفترات ووزارة الشباب ورياضة بيكونوا
+
+306
+00:22:17,040 --> 00:22:21,080
+موجودين معنا احنا شكرين لاهتمامكم وحصنا صانتكم
+
+307
+00:22:21,080 --> 00:22:22,780
+وانصاتكم والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله
+

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+1
+00:00:05,130 --> 00:00:08,050
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والحمد لله رب العالمين احنا
+
+2
+00:00:08,050 --> 00:00:11,750
+اليوم عندنا الطريقة العشرين اللي بتتكلم عن المحلات
+
+3
+00:00:11,750 --> 00:00:13,510
+التجارية الخيرية
+
+4
+00:00:25,910 --> 00:00:31,090
+هذا المجال مجال واسع، مجال مميز، مجال فيه
+
+5
+00:00:31,090 --> 00:00:35,150
+استمرارية عمل Sustainability وهذا المجال احنا
+
+6
+00:00:35,150 --> 00:00:38,290
+منعزز وجوده بشكل كتير للمؤسسات أو المنظمات
+
+7
+00:00:38,290 --> 00:00:42,330
+الرئيسية الحكومية مرحلة تانية، يعني المرحلة الأولى
+
+8
+00:00:42,330 --> 00:00:45,530
+يكون عندهم منتجات زي ما حكينا في اللقاء 19 أو
+
+9
+00:00:45,530 --> 00:00:49,070
+الطريقة 19 أن يكون عندهم منتجات بيقدر يوصلوا هذه
+
+10
+00:00:49,070 --> 00:00:52,590
+المنتجات للناس من خلالالكتالوجيات توزع بالقوام
+
+11
+00:00:52,590 --> 00:00:55,810
+البريدية أو على مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي وممكن هذه
+
+12
+00:00:55,810 --> 00:00:59,430
+الكتالوجيات توضع عند بعض مؤسسات لمنافذ لتسويق
+
+13
+00:00:59,430 --> 00:01:04,310
+منتجاتهم أو مشاريهم أو أهدافهم أو حصولها للدعم لكن
+
+14
+00:01:04,310 --> 00:01:09,820
+بعض المؤسسات بتوصل لقدرة أن يكون عندها نقطةبداية
+
+15
+00:01:09,820 --> 00:01:13,240
+قوية أن المؤسسة نفسها إذا كانت في الطابق العلوي
+
+16
+00:01:13,240 --> 00:01:18,160
+تستأجر لإلها محل في الطابق الأرضي أو يكون لها مركز
+
+17
+00:01:18,160 --> 00:01:21,880
+تجاري بسيط يعني أحد الغرف الخاصة بهذه المؤسسة أو
+
+18
+00:01:21,880 --> 00:01:25,140
+الجمعية أو المنظمة يكون لهم غرفة هادية عاملة تصريف
+
+19
+00:01:25,140 --> 00:01:28,740
+منتجاتهم وتواصل مباشر مع الجمهور هنا المقصود فيه
+
+20
+00:01:28,740 --> 00:01:33,590
+منفذ مباشر أو نسميه باسم تاني نقطة بيعأو ممكن
+
+21
+00:01:33,590 --> 00:01:38,270
+نسميها احنا ال point of sale أو sales point يعني
+
+22
+00:01:38,270 --> 00:01:42,930
+نقطة بيع موجودة تمام أنا بدي أوفرها كمنفذ لتصييف
+
+23
+00:01:42,930 --> 00:01:46,050
+المنتجات بتاعتي والمنتجات بتاعتي زي ما حكينا ان
+
+24
+00:01:46,050 --> 00:01:50,480
+تكون مرتبطة بالمنتجبمجال عملي طب لو أنا بتعمل
+
+25
+00:01:50,480 --> 00:01:53,340
+منافذ بيع محلات خيرية مالهاش علاقة بالمنتجات
+
+26
+00:01:53,340 --> 00:01:56,440
+المباشرة اللي أنا بشتغل فيها برضه بيمنعش أنه ممكن
+
+27
+00:01:56,440 --> 00:02:01,440
+أعمل محل خيري بيبيع ملابس مستخدمة أو ملابس عليها
+
+28
+00:02:01,440 --> 00:02:06,500
+خصومات معينة وغير العائد أو اللي بيطلع من أرباح
+
+29
+00:02:06,500 --> 00:02:11,220
+لبيع هذه المنتجات لمصانع أو لشركات معينة بيخصص
+
+30
+00:02:11,220 --> 00:02:15,250
+لدعم أنشطة الجامعية ممكن أعمل معرض للرسوماتوبعض
+
+31
+00:02:15,250 --> 00:02:20,890
+الناس اللي عندهم عمال تراثية أو عمال يعني فيها من
+
+32
+00:02:20,890 --> 00:02:25,170
+النوع الفن تقدم للناس بطريقة معينة والعائد تبعها
+
+33
+00:02:25,170 --> 00:02:29,970
+برضه يقدم لدعم أنشطة الجامعية ممكن معرض لبيع
+
+34
+00:02:29,970 --> 00:02:33,470
+المواد الغذائية معرض منتجات غذائية بتنتشر هذه في
+
+35
+00:02:33,470 --> 00:02:39,820
+أوقات معينة خلال السنةهذه الأوقات مثلا تكون مهرجان
+
+36
+00:02:39,820 --> 00:02:44,940
+ليوم الأطفال مهرجان لليوم المعلم مهرجان لليوم
+
+37
+00:02:44,940 --> 00:02:50,980
+الوطني مهرجان لبلدية يوم وطني لهذه البلدية أو لهذه
+
+38
+00:02:50,980 --> 00:02:55,200
+المدينة ممكن مهرجانات في أيام عالمية معينة موجودة
+
+39
+00:02:55,200 --> 00:03:00,240
+تستخدم هذه الأيام لبيع منتجاتخاصة بهذه الجمعيات
+
+40
+00:03:00,240 --> 00:03:03,640
+والعائد برضه اللي بيطلع من هذه المحلات التجارية
+
+41
+00:03:03,640 --> 00:03:09,900
+برضه بيخصصلي لدعم الأنشطة بشكل عالي يعني في يوم
+
+42
+00:03:09,900 --> 00:03:14,120
+لدعم المعلم أو الأطفال أنا في المحل بقدم عروضات و
+
+43
+00:03:14,120 --> 00:03:17,300
+بقدم خصوم خاصة خلال السنة خصومات خاصة بس برضه هذا
+
+44
+00:03:17,300 --> 00:03:21,600
+الفترة بتكون ممتازة ممكن معرض لبيع الكتب معرض دائم
+
+45
+00:03:21,600 --> 00:03:25,480
+للكتب لبيع الكتب بأسعار رمزيةالحصول على كتب بأسعار
+
+46
+00:03:25,480 --> 00:03:28,200
+رمزية وبيح بأسعار رمزية أو حصول عليها بسورة تبرع
+
+47
+00:03:28,200 --> 00:03:32,000
+وبيح بأسعار رمزية الملابس تبرع وبيح بأسعار رمزية
+
+48
+00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:35,900
+أي منتجات أو مقتنيات من الناس ممكن أفتح الباب ليه
+
+49
+00:03:35,900 --> 00:03:39,920
+الحصول على هذه المقتنيات وبيح بأسعار رمزية الفكرة
+
+50
+00:03:39,920 --> 00:03:45,760
+في عملية البيع هي منفذ مباشر للدخل المستمر لهذه
+
+51
+00:03:45,760 --> 00:03:49,690
+المؤسسةتستخدمه لدعم أنشطتها وبرامجها يعني أنا برضه
+
+52
+00:03:49,690 --> 00:03:52,910
+خلال المحل تبعي بقول أن هذا الريع من هذه الأعمار
+
+53
+00:03:52,910 --> 00:03:57,910
+ستذهب إلى دعم العمل التراثي أو تذهب إلى دعم تربية
+
+54
+00:03:57,910 --> 00:04:01,450
+الأطفال أو رعاية الأطفال دول الاحتجاجات الخاصة أو
+
+55
+00:04:01,450 --> 00:04:09,180
+مثلا لإحياءإعادة هيكلية أو تطوير منطقة جغرافية
+
+56
+00:04:09,180 --> 00:04:15,400
+معينة فيها سكان فيها بيعانوا من قلة المياه مثلا أو
+
+57
+00:04:15,400 --> 00:04:18,880
+مشكلة في الصرف الصحي أو مشكلة في الكهربا أو مشكلة
+
+58
+00:04:18,880 --> 00:04:22,060
+محتاجين إعادة صحية أو ما شابه يعني الأنشطة رايتنا
+
+59
+00:04:22,060 --> 00:04:25,600
+بنربطها بتمويلها بنحاول نربطها بأنشطة البيئة
+
+60
+00:04:25,600 --> 00:04:28,920
+المباشرة للناس للجمهور وبالتالي من يقدم المال
+
+61
+00:04:28,920 --> 00:04:32,260
+لشراء هذه المنتجات هو حيثه المنتج لإنه محتاجهلكن
+
+62
+00:04:32,260 --> 00:04:37,340
+في نفس الوقت هيساهم بطريقة فاعلة و مباشرة لدعم
+
+63
+00:04:37,340 --> 00:04:39,860
+أنشطة الجامعية هيكون فيها عيل و عام الخير خلينا
+
+64
+00:04:39,860 --> 00:04:44,100
+نشوف المجالات المختلفة للمحال التجارية الخيرية
+
+65
+00:04:44,100 --> 00:04:48,240
+اللي هي موجودة اليوم منتشرة و تحت إدارة منظمة غير
+
+66
+00:04:48,240 --> 00:04:51,320
+حكومية فاعلة موجودة في أكثر من بلد و أكثر من ..
+
+67
+00:04:51,320 --> 00:04:58,440
+المحلات الخيريةتبرعات من خلالها تحصل يعني على جمع
+
+68
+00:04:58,440 --> 00:05:02,600
+تبرعات من الناس من المؤسسات من قطعات حكومية غير
+
+69
+00:05:02,600 --> 00:05:05,820
+حكومية في نفس الوقت بتقوم بعملية الدعاية والإعلان
+
+70
+00:05:05,820 --> 00:05:10,300
+عن أنشطتها وبرامجها ومشاريحها اللي بتخدم للناس
+
+71
+00:05:10,300 --> 00:05:14,160
+وبتعرف بالمنظمة الخيرية وأهدافها يعني هذه احنا
+
+72
+00:05:14,160 --> 00:05:17,100
+بعمل خطة عمل أعرف المنظمة وإيش المشروع اللي أنا
+
+73
+00:05:17,100 --> 00:05:21,420
+بشتغل عنه ونفسي بفتح مجلة تبرعاتهلقيت أنه لما بقول
+
+74
+00:05:21,420 --> 00:05:24,280
+عندي مشروعات و بدي أحرق إنجازات و فيه عندي طموحات
+
+75
+00:05:24,280 --> 00:05:27,240
+لتطوير العمل في المؤسسة و تطوير الأفراد العاملين
+
+76
+00:05:27,240 --> 00:05:32,500
+فأنا بداية بيكون نقطة قوية أني نافذة تسويق مباشرة
+
+77
+00:05:32,500 --> 00:05:39,360
+مع الناس وهذا التسويق يعتبر حاجة ركيزة أساسية
+
+78
+00:05:39,360 --> 00:05:44,080
+لأدخل الأسواقوأكون أنا إحدى المقدمين لهذه السلع أو
+
+79
+00:05:44,080 --> 00:05:48,160
+هذه الخدمة بالإضافة للمحلات الخاصة الموجودة
+
+80
+00:05:48,160 --> 00:05:52,220
+التجارية المعروفة أو المشهورة أو في هذه المنطقة
+
+81
+00:05:52,220 --> 00:05:56,760
+احنا كالمحلات الخيرية لاحظنا من خلال العمل في
+
+82
+00:05:56,760 --> 00:06:00,300
+المجال العمل الميداني أو حتى الكتاب أشار لإلها أنه
+
+83
+00:06:00,300 --> 00:06:03,060
+في محلات خيرية اليوم تنتشر لبيع الملابس المستعملة
+
+84
+00:06:03,060 --> 00:06:05,820
+أو الملابس الجديدة اللي بتتم عليها خصومات أو
+
+85
+00:06:05,820 --> 00:06:09,760
+تصفيات من المصانع أو من الشركاتالملابس اللي موجودة
+
+86
+00:06:09,760 --> 00:06:12,900
+للمنظومات الخيارية بتستخدمها طبعا في مراحل طويلة
+
+87
+00:06:12,900 --> 00:06:18,440
+عملت إعادة تهيئتها لاستعمالها للناس من غسيل وكوي
+
+88
+00:06:18,440 --> 00:06:22,780
+وإعادة تغليف وتجهيزة لإلهم للاستعمال للناس للأفراد
+
+89
+00:06:22,780 --> 00:06:26,730
+بطريقة جيدة ونظيفة وآمنةوهذه طريقة نجحت جدا في
+
+90
+00:06:26,730 --> 00:06:29,690
+الغرب إنه كانوا يجمعوا الملابس من الناس اللي جمعوا
+
+91
+00:06:29,690 --> 00:06:32,290
+الملابس المستعملة اللي هم ناس مش في حاجة لإلها
+
+92
+00:06:32,290 --> 00:06:37,190
+وبيعادوا استخدامها مرة تانية و بتقدر تدخل مباشر
+
+93
+00:06:37,190 --> 00:06:40,150
+بأسعار رمزية لناس محتاجين هذه الملابس و نفسه يقدم
+
+94
+00:06:40,150 --> 00:06:44,250
+دعم أنشطة المؤسسة في محلات خيرية تانية بتشتغل
+
+95
+00:06:44,250 --> 00:06:47,250
+لمجال التحف والهدايايعني أفراد كتير عندهم مقتنعة
+
+96
+00:06:47,250 --> 00:06:50,670
+من التحفف الهدايا ممكن مش في حاجة لإلها أو في بعض
+
+97
+00:06:50,670 --> 00:06:53,770
+الشخصيات اللي هي بتتوفى بيوصي أن هذه التحفف
+
+98
+00:06:53,770 --> 00:06:57,350
+الهدايا تذهب إلى جمعيات خيارية بيتم أملعيها أنها
+
+99
+00:06:57,350 --> 00:07:02,010
+تباع كلوحات فنية أو منتجات تراثية أو منتجات ذات
+
+100
+00:07:02,010 --> 00:07:07,450
+قيمة عالية تقدمها الشركات والمحلات تقدمها للأفراد
+
+101
+00:07:07,450 --> 00:07:11,460
+وللشركات اللي ممكن يشتريوها بشكل كبيرو هذه مميزة
+
+102
+00:07:11,460 --> 00:07:15,000
+لإنه بتصيب طابع انك انت بتشتري شغل تراثي و بتذكر
+
+103
+00:07:15,000 --> 00:07:18,520
+دايما بالعمل الخير اللي انت قوم فيه بدعمك بالمال
+
+104
+00:07:18,520 --> 00:07:21,560
+لهذه المؤسسة نقم تلاتة في محلات خير تشتغل في مجال
+
+105
+00:07:21,560 --> 00:07:27,390
+الأثاث المستخدم اكتير من الأثاثممكن يحصل عليه
+
+106
+00:07:27,390 --> 00:07:31,010
+المجموعات الخيرية أنه بتطلبوا من من يعني لا يرغب
+
+107
+00:07:31,010 --> 00:07:34,290
+في استخدام أي نوع من أنواع الأثاث هم على استعداد
+
+108
+00:07:34,290 --> 00:07:37,970
+أنه ياخدوه ينقلوه يعملوله برضه إعادة تهيئة
+
+109
+00:07:37,970 --> 00:07:43,990
+واستصلاح أنه يكون جاهز لاستخدام من قبل مشتريين
+
+110
+00:07:43,990 --> 00:07:50,030
+آخرينوالأثاث اليوم ارتفعت أسعاره و الناس دايما في
+
+111
+00:07:50,030 --> 00:07:53,450
+احتياجة لإله و في ناس بيحبوا يشتريوا أثاث مستخدم
+
+112
+00:07:53,450 --> 00:07:56,870
+لإنه في توفير في التكاليف و في أحيان ممكن لمسات
+
+113
+00:07:56,870 --> 00:08:00,850
+تراثية يعني بعض القطع الأثاث اللي موجودة مستخدمة
+
+114
+00:08:00,850 --> 00:08:07,090
+القديمة بتستخدم فيها الخشب الزان و فيه الأنواع
+
+115
+00:08:07,090 --> 00:08:10,910
+الخشبية و المشغولات التراثية اللي عليها مشغولات من
+
+116
+00:08:10,910 --> 00:08:14,040
+النقوشات بتجعلها قيمة عاليةبتتوفرش اليوم في
+
+117
+00:08:14,040 --> 00:08:16,780
+المنتجات اللي موجودة في الأسواق فبتخلي الناس إنه
+
+118
+00:08:16,780 --> 00:08:19,280
+تقبل عليها هذه الأثاث هي الفكرة إنه أنا ببيع أثاث
+
+119
+00:08:19,280 --> 00:08:22,580
+مستخدم للناس محتاجينه تمام في مقابل إن أنا بدعم
+
+120
+00:08:22,580 --> 00:08:25,660
+أنشطة الجامعية ناخد كمان مثال رابع محلات لبيع
+
+121
+00:08:25,660 --> 00:08:28,800
+المنتجات المنظمة الخيار نفسها منتجاتي، منتجات
+
+122
+00:08:28,800 --> 00:08:32,660
+غذائية أو منتجات تراثية أو منتجات ملابس أو حتى
+
+123
+00:08:32,660 --> 00:08:37,480
+منتجات من الهدايا والقطع الفنية كلها تقدم للناس
+
+124
+00:08:37,480 --> 00:08:41,820
+بأسعار برضه مناسبة لإلهم منافسة في الأسواقوالهدف
+
+125
+00:08:41,820 --> 00:08:45,580
+الحصول منها على التمويل اللازم لدعم الاش هدى
+
+126
+00:08:45,580 --> 00:08:48,940
+المؤسسات واستمرار عملها بشكل كبير الأنواع هذه
+
+127
+00:08:48,940 --> 00:08:54,960
+الأربعة المحلات التجارية تعتبر عمل استثمارى نافع
+
+128
+00:08:54,960 --> 00:09:01,770
+جدا ومفيد كتير ومعزز لدور المؤسسات واستمراريتهالو
+
+129
+00:09:01,770 --> 00:09:05,090
+أضهر بعض الأمثلة الحية عندنا من قطاع غزة هنلاقي
+
+130
+00:09:05,090 --> 00:09:09,830
+فيه جمعية أطفالنا للصوم موجودة عن بدان فلسطين وأنا
+
+131
+00:09:09,830 --> 00:09:14,990
+برضه بشجع أن الناس تزورها عندهم مشغل كبير لموضوع
+
+132
+00:09:14,990 --> 00:09:21,390
+منتجات تراثية من قطع السجادة أو الـ claim وشنط
+
+133
+00:09:21,390 --> 00:09:28,250
+للنساء وملابس برضه للنساء و للأطفالوفي بعض القطع
+
+134
+00:09:28,250 --> 00:09:31,150
+ال .. ال .. ال decor اللي بتتحطف برضه في المنازل
+
+135
+00:09:31,150 --> 00:09:35,710
+في بالاضافة لأشياء كتير من المترزاة و ال .. ال ..
+
+136
+00:09:35,710 --> 00:09:39,830
+المنتجات الفخارية و ال .. ال .. ال .. الأطباق
+
+137
+00:09:39,830 --> 00:09:43,970
+الزوجاجية المرسوم عليها أمور تراثية و بتعكس ثقافة
+
+138
+00:09:43,970 --> 00:09:46,910
+الشعب الفلسطيني أطفالنا الصوم عاملين معرض، معرض
+
+139
+00:09:46,910 --> 00:09:50,710
+كبير حتى عملوا معارض يعني فرعية لإلهم تانية بس
+
+140
+00:09:50,710 --> 00:09:53,720
+المركز الرئيسي تراحهم اللي موجودعند ور فلسطين
+
+141
+00:09:53,720 --> 00:09:57,760
+هتلاقي ان هم ببيعون منتجاتهم بشكل مباشر و هذه
+
+142
+00:09:57,760 --> 00:10:02,560
+المنتجات يعني فيها أثاث و فيها ملابس و فيها منتجات
+
+143
+00:10:02,560 --> 00:10:06,940
+تراثية و حطوا لمساتهم أطفال نصهم و ببيعوها مش كمان
+
+144
+00:10:06,940 --> 00:10:11,620
+على المحل هذا بيقدر يتواصلوا اجتماعيا مع مواسط
+
+145
+00:10:11,620 --> 00:10:13,580
+واقع التواصل الاجتماعي مع كتير من المؤسسات
+
+146
+00:10:13,580 --> 00:10:17,370
+الخارجية العربية و الأجنبيةوالهم كانت الأجارات
+
+147
+00:10:17,370 --> 00:10:20,370
+كمان بيعرض هذه المنتجات بطريقة لائقة رائقة طيبة
+
+148
+00:10:20,370 --> 00:10:24,730
+يعني استخدموا أدوات كثيرة لتسويق منتجاتهم كنافذة
+
+149
+00:10:24,730 --> 00:10:29,070
+قوية للحصول على الأموال منتجاتهم غالية وبأسعارها
+
+150
+00:10:29,070 --> 00:10:32,110
+بالدولار تباع وليمكن الفئة المستهدفة الأساسية منهم
+
+151
+00:10:32,110 --> 00:10:36,570
+فئة الأجانب أو العرب أو الناس اللي بيجوا زوار
+
+152
+00:10:36,570 --> 00:10:40,070
+للبلد بيحبوا ياخدوا بعض الأمور اللي لذكرة بس ليش
+
+153
+00:10:40,070 --> 00:10:43,510
+ما تكون هذا benchmark يعني هذه مؤسسة رائدة مؤسسات
+
+154
+00:10:43,510 --> 00:10:46,270
+أو الجامعات التانية تقتضي فيهاوالله يعاملي أنا
+
+155
+00:10:46,270 --> 00:10:49,090
+منتج اتنين أو تلاتة تراثي مش نفس منتجاتهم لأ
+
+156
+00:10:49,090 --> 00:10:53,450
+بأفكار إبداعية تانية أعمل منتجات من الملابس يعني
+
+157
+00:10:53,450 --> 00:10:57,650
+ألاحظ مثلا في مصر في عندهم أتواب للأطفال و للنساء
+
+158
+00:10:57,650 --> 00:11:01,990
+بمطرزات بأشكال برضه معينة وعنا التراث في مجال
+
+159
+00:11:01,990 --> 00:11:06,110
+التطريز واسع و الأعمال التراثية في عنا مخيلة واسعة
+
+160
+00:11:06,110 --> 00:11:08,530
+على كل جيل الشباب اليوم ممكن يشوف التراث القديم و
+
+161
+00:11:08,530 --> 00:11:12,170
+التراث الجديد و يقدموه و يسوء منفذ للبيع منافذ بيع
+
+162
+00:11:12,170 --> 00:11:16,050
+مش لازم منافذ كبيرة ممكن منافذ صغيرةبسيطة والتسويق
+
+163
+00:11:16,050 --> 00:11:20,810
+الالكتروني بيوصل إلى المجال بشكل كبير في بعض
+
+164
+00:11:20,810 --> 00:11:26,210
+الجمعيات كمان مثال تاني تعونيات كانوا هدولة دعمتهم
+
+165
+00:11:26,210 --> 00:11:29,430
+مؤسسة اللي هي العمل التنموي معاهم الموجودين عند
+
+166
+00:11:29,430 --> 00:11:34,480
+منطقة حضر عبد الشافي دوارح او بنك الدمجمعوا يعني
+
+167
+00:11:34,480 --> 00:11:37,540
+مجموع من التعاونيات من النساء اللي كانوا بيعملوا
+
+168
+00:11:37,540 --> 00:11:44,640
+منتجات غذائية يعني مخبزات ومعجنات وحلويات وكعك
+
+169
+00:11:44,640 --> 00:11:50,500
+وغايبة كتير من المنتجات الغذائية اللي عليها طلب من
+
+170
+00:11:50,500 --> 00:11:53,920
+خلال الروضات من خلال المدارس من خلال ورش العمل من
+
+171
+00:11:53,920 --> 00:12:00,830
+خلال يعني الأسر والأفراح والمناسباتفهم عملوا دراسة
+
+172
+00:12:00,830 --> 00:12:03,930
+ميدانية يعملوا منفذ تسويقي للتعاونيات الخامسة
+
+173
+00:12:03,930 --> 00:12:07,270
+واحنا كنا شاركنا في هذا العمل معاهم واقترحنا ان
+
+174
+00:12:07,270 --> 00:12:10,770
+يكون منفذ التسويق تبعهم يكون جنب مستشفى الشفاء لأن
+
+175
+00:12:10,770 --> 00:12:13,430
+كتير من الزوار ناس بتوح وتيجي ومنطقة حيوية جدا
+
+176
+00:12:13,430 --> 00:12:17,770
+الأسعار شويه امكن غالية كمنفذ هنا غالي بس وجود
+
+177
+00:12:17,770 --> 00:12:21,930
+قدرة بيعية من خمس تعاونيات في هذا المكان ومنتجاتهم
+
+178
+00:12:21,930 --> 00:12:25,070
+بتصب في المكان واحد فهم فعلا بيشاركوا يعني اقول
+
+179
+00:12:25,070 --> 00:12:30,190
+أجاره خمس ألاف دولار مثلا في السنةلأن الموقع حيوي
+
+180
+00:12:30,190 --> 00:12:34,010
+و استراتيجي لو اتشار فيه خمس تعاونيات يبقى كل واحد
+
+181
+00:12:34,010 --> 00:12:37,450
+هيتقاسم مبلغ بسيط الف دولار خلال السنة يعني مبلغ
+
+182
+00:12:37,450 --> 00:12:41,270
+يمكن تلاتمية شكل خلال ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال
+
+183
+00:12:41,270 --> 00:12:41,510
+.. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال ..
+
+184
+00:12:41,510 --> 00:12:41,870
+.. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال ..
+
+185
+00:12:41,870 --> 00:12:41,910
+ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال
+
+186
+00:12:41,910 --> 00:12:42,030
+.. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال ..
+
+187
+00:12:42,030 --> 00:12:42,110
+ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال
+
+188
+00:12:42,110 --> 00:12:42,350
+.. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال ..
+
+189
+00:12:42,350 --> 00:12:45,270
+ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال
+
+190
+00:12:45,270 --> 00:12:52,800
+.. اللو قلنا خمس تعاونيات كل تعاونية ألف دولار تلت
+
+191
+00:12:52,800 --> 00:12:56,980
+تلاف دولار أقسم على السنة بتطلع كل سنة كل يوم بده
+
+192
+00:12:56,980 --> 00:13:00,020
+عشرة شاكل العشرة شاكل يعني أنا لما أبيع منتجات
+
+193
+00:13:00,020 --> 00:13:03,880
+بتلتين شاكل بكسب عشرة يبقى التلتين هدولة غطوا
+
+194
+00:13:03,880 --> 00:13:08,370
+تكلفة الأجاربـ 30 شكل و كمان لو بعت كمان بـ 30 شكل
+
+195
+00:13:08,370 --> 00:13:11,510
+غطيت تكلفة العامل اللي موجود أو بـ 40 شكل كمان
+
+196
+00:13:11,510 --> 00:13:14,430
+يومي فإذا بعت بـ 100 شكل أما أنا غطيت الأجار و
+
+197
+00:13:14,430 --> 00:13:19,630
+غطيت العامل و غطيت يعني هامش من الربح بسيط جدا
+
+198
+00:13:19,630 --> 00:13:23,470
+ممكن يثمر يعني يضمن لي الحد الأدنى من السمرار في
+
+199
+00:13:23,470 --> 00:13:27,310
+هذا العملنقطة البيع قوية جدا و احنا بنوصي ان نقطة
+
+200
+00:13:27,310 --> 00:13:30,410
+البيع تكون لمجموعة من الجمعيات او مجموعة من
+
+201
+00:13:30,410 --> 00:13:33,590
+التعاونيات يتعاونوا مع بعض و يقدموا فكرة مشتركة
+
+202
+00:13:33,590 --> 00:13:38,410
+لأن المنتجات بسيطة لهذه التعاونيات بس لو اجتمعت
+
+203
+00:13:38,410 --> 00:13:41,570
+الخمس تعاونيات او العشر تعاونيات في مكان منفذ
+
+204
+00:13:41,570 --> 00:13:47,830
+تسويقي هتكون قوي جدا وفاعل وصول الناس ليلهم نشكر��م
+
+205
+00:13:47,830 --> 00:13:50,390
+اهتمامكم وانصاتكم نتقن في رعاية الله وتوفيقه
+
+206
+00:13:50,390 --> 00:13:51,510
+والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwbqRqP24yHh6436xDshIebX/1wSy7Y0oIBs_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,828 @@
+1
+00:00:05,130 --> 00:00:08,050
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والحمد لله رب العالمين احنا
+
+2
+00:00:08,050 --> 00:00:11,750
+اليوم عندنا الطريقة العشرين اللي بتتكلم عن المحلات
+
+3
+00:00:11,750 --> 00:00:13,510
+التجارية الخيرية
+
+4
+00:00:25,910 --> 00:00:31,090
+هذا المجال مجال واسع، مجال مميز، مجال فيه
+
+5
+00:00:31,090 --> 00:00:35,150
+استمرارية عمل Sustainability وهذا المجال احنا
+
+6
+00:00:35,150 --> 00:00:38,290
+منعزز وجوده بشكل كتير للمؤسسات أو المنظمات
+
+7
+00:00:38,290 --> 00:00:42,330
+الرئيسية الحكومية مرحلة تانية، يعني المرحلة الأولى
+
+8
+00:00:42,330 --> 00:00:45,530
+يكون عندهم منتجات زي ما حكينا في اللقاء 19 أو
+
+9
+00:00:45,530 --> 00:00:49,070
+الطريقة 19 أن يكون عندهم منتجات بيقدر يوصلوا هذه
+
+10
+00:00:49,070 --> 00:00:52,590
+المنتجات للناس من خلالالكتالوجيات توزع بالقوام
+
+11
+00:00:52,590 --> 00:00:55,810
+البريدية أو على مواقع التواصل الاجتماعي وممكن هذه
+
+12
+00:00:55,810 --> 00:00:59,430
+الكتالوجيات توضع عند بعض مؤسسات لمنافذ لتسويق
+
+13
+00:00:59,430 --> 00:01:04,310
+منتجاتهم أو مشاريهم أو أهدافهم أو حصولها للدعم لكن
+
+14
+00:01:04,310 --> 00:01:09,820
+بعض المؤسسات بتوصل لقدرة أن يكون عندها نقطةبداية
+
+15
+00:01:09,820 --> 00:01:13,240
+قوية أن المؤسسة نفسها إذا كانت في الطابق العلوي
+
+16
+00:01:13,240 --> 00:01:18,160
+تستأجر لإلها محل في الطابق الأرضي أو يكون لها مركز
+
+17
+00:01:18,160 --> 00:01:21,880
+تجاري بسيط يعني أحد الغرف الخاصة بهذه المؤسسة أو
+
+18
+00:01:21,880 --> 00:01:25,140
+الجمعية أو المنظمة يكون لهم غرفة هادية عاملة تصريف
+
+19
+00:01:25,140 --> 00:01:28,740
+منتجاتهم وتواصل مباشر مع الجمهور هنا المقصود فيه
+
+20
+00:01:28,740 --> 00:01:33,590
+منفذ مباشر أو نسميه باسم تاني نقطة بيعأو ممكن
+
+21
+00:01:33,590 --> 00:01:38,270
+نسميها احنا ال point of sale أو sales point يعني
+
+22
+00:01:38,270 --> 00:01:42,930
+نقطة بيع موجودة تمام أنا بدي أوفرها كمنفذ لتصييف
+
+23
+00:01:42,930 --> 00:01:46,050
+المنتجات بتاعتي والمنتجات بتاعتي زي ما حكينا ان
+
+24
+00:01:46,050 --> 00:01:50,480
+تكون مرتبطة بالمنتجبمجال عملي طب لو أنا بتعمل
+
+25
+00:01:50,480 --> 00:01:53,340
+منافذ بيع محلات خيرية مالهاش علاقة بالمنتجات
+
+26
+00:01:53,340 --> 00:01:56,440
+المباشرة اللي أنا بشتغل فيها برضه بيمنعش أنه ممكن
+
+27
+00:01:56,440 --> 00:02:01,440
+أعمل محل خيري بيبيع ملابس مستخدمة أو ملابس عليها
+
+28
+00:02:01,440 --> 00:02:06,500
+خصومات معينة وغير العائد أو اللي بيطلع من أرباح
+
+29
+00:02:06,500 --> 00:02:11,220
+لبيع هذه المنتجات لمصانع أو لشركات معينة بيخصص
+
+30
+00:02:11,220 --> 00:02:15,250
+لدعم أنشطة الجامعية ممكن أعمل معرض للرسوماتوبعض
+
+31
+00:02:15,250 --> 00:02:20,890
+الناس اللي عندهم عمال تراثية أو عمال يعني فيها من
+
+32
+00:02:20,890 --> 00:02:25,170
+النوع الفن تقدم للناس بطريقة معينة والعائد تبعها
+
+33
+00:02:25,170 --> 00:02:29,970
+برضه يقدم لدعم أنشطة الجامعية ممكن معرض لبيع
+
+34
+00:02:29,970 --> 00:02:33,470
+المواد الغذائية معرض منتجات غذائية بتنتشر هذه في
+
+35
+00:02:33,470 --> 00:02:39,820
+أوقات معينة خلال السنةهذه الأوقات مثلا تكون مهرجان
+
+36
+00:02:39,820 --> 00:02:44,940
+ليوم الأطفال مهرجان لليوم المعلم مهرجان لليوم
+
+37
+00:02:44,940 --> 00:02:50,980
+الوطني مهرجان لبلدية يوم وطني لهذه البلدية أو لهذه
+
+38
+00:02:50,980 --> 00:02:55,200
+المدينة ممكن مهرجانات في أيام عالمية معينة موجودة
+
+39
+00:02:55,200 --> 00:03:00,240
+تستخدم هذه الأيام لبيع منتجاتخاصة بهذه الجمعيات
+
+40
+00:03:00,240 --> 00:03:03,640
+والعائد برضه اللي بيطلع من هذه المحلات التجارية
+
+41
+00:03:03,640 --> 00:03:09,900
+برضه بيخصصلي لدعم الأنشطة بشكل عالي يعني في يوم
+
+42
+00:03:09,900 --> 00:03:14,120
+لدعم المعلم أو الأطفال أنا في المحل بقدم عروضات و
+
+43
+00:03:14,120 --> 00:03:17,300
+بقدم خصوم خاصة خلال السنة خصومات خاصة بس برضه هذا
+
+44
+00:03:17,300 --> 00:03:21,600
+الفترة بتكون ممتازة ممكن معرض لبيع الكتب معرض دائم
+
+45
+00:03:21,600 --> 00:03:25,480
+للكتب لبيع الكتب بأسعار رمزيةالحصول على كتب بأسعار
+
+46
+00:03:25,480 --> 00:03:28,200
+رمزية وبيح بأسعار رمزية أو حصول عليها بسورة تبرع
+
+47
+00:03:28,200 --> 00:03:32,000
+وبيح بأسعار رمزية الملابس تبرع وبيح بأسعار رمزية
+
+48
+00:03:32,000 --> 00:03:35,900
+أي منتجات أو مقتنيات من الناس ممكن أفتح الباب ليه
+
+49
+00:03:35,900 --> 00:03:39,920
+الحصول على هذه المقتنيات وبيح بأسعار رمزية الفكرة
+
+50
+00:03:39,920 --> 00:03:45,760
+في عملية البيع هي منفذ مباشر للدخل المستمر لهذه
+
+51
+00:03:45,760 --> 00:03:49,690
+المؤسسةتستخدمه لدعم أنشطتها وبرامجها يعني أنا برضه
+
+52
+00:03:49,690 --> 00:03:52,910
+خلال المحل تبعي بقول أن هذا الريع من هذه الأعمار
+
+53
+00:03:52,910 --> 00:03:57,910
+ستذهب إلى دعم العمل التراثي أو تذهب إلى دعم تربية
+
+54
+00:03:57,910 --> 00:04:01,450
+الأطفال أو رعاية الأطفال دول الاحتجاجات الخاصة أو
+
+55
+00:04:01,450 --> 00:04:09,180
+مثلا لإحياءإعادة هيكلية أو تطوير منطقة جغرافية
+
+56
+00:04:09,180 --> 00:04:15,400
+معينة فيها سكان فيها بيعانوا من قلة المياه مثلا أو
+
+57
+00:04:15,400 --> 00:04:18,880
+مشكلة في الصرف الصحي أو مشكلة في الكهربا أو مشكلة
+
+58
+00:04:18,880 --> 00:04:22,060
+محتاجين إعادة صحية أو ما شابه يعني الأنشطة رايتنا
+
+59
+00:04:22,060 --> 00:04:25,600
+بنربطها بتمويلها بنحاول نربطها بأنشطة البيئة
+
+60
+00:04:25,600 --> 00:04:28,920
+المباشرة للناس للجمهور وبالتالي من يقدم المال
+
+61
+00:04:28,920 --> 00:04:32,260
+لشراء هذه المنتجات هو حيثه المنتج لإنه محتاجهلكن
+
+62
+00:04:32,260 --> 00:04:37,340
+في نفس الوقت هيساهم بطريقة فاعلة و مباشرة لدعم
+
+63
+00:04:37,340 --> 00:04:39,860
+أنشطة الجامعية هيكون فيها عيل و عام الخير خلينا
+
+64
+00:04:39,860 --> 00:04:44,100
+نشوف المجالات المختلفة للمحال التجارية الخيرية
+
+65
+00:04:44,100 --> 00:04:48,240
+اللي هي موجودة اليوم منتشرة و تحت إدارة منظمة غير
+
+66
+00:04:48,240 --> 00:04:51,320
+حكومية فاعلة موجودة في أكثر من بلد و أكثر من ..
+
+67
+00:04:51,320 --> 00:04:58,440
+المحلات الخيريةتبرعات من خلالها تحصل يعني على جمع
+
+68
+00:04:58,440 --> 00:05:02,600
+تبرعات من الناس من المؤسسات من قطعات حكومية غير
+
+69
+00:05:02,600 --> 00:05:05,820
+حكومية في نفس الوقت بتقوم بعملية الدعاية والإعلان
+
+70
+00:05:05,820 --> 00:05:10,300
+عن أنشطتها وبرامجها ومشاريحها اللي بتخدم للناس
+
+71
+00:05:10,300 --> 00:05:14,160
+وبتعرف بالمنظمة الخيرية وأهدافها يعني هذه احنا
+
+72
+00:05:14,160 --> 00:05:17,100
+بعمل خطة عمل أعرف المنظمة وإيش المشروع اللي أنا
+
+73
+00:05:17,100 --> 00:05:21,420
+بشتغل عنه ونفسي بفتح مجلة تبرعاتهلقيت أنه لما بقول
+
+74
+00:05:21,420 --> 00:05:24,280
+عندي مشروعات و بدي أحرق إنجازات و فيه عندي طموحات
+
+75
+00:05:24,280 --> 00:05:27,240
+لتطوير العمل في المؤسسة و تطوير الأفراد العاملين
+
+76
+00:05:27,240 --> 00:05:32,500
+فأنا بداية بيكون نقطة قوية أني نافذة تسويق مباشرة
+
+77
+00:05:32,500 --> 00:05:39,360
+مع الناس وهذا التسويق يعتبر حاجة ركيزة أساسية
+
+78
+00:05:39,360 --> 00:05:44,080
+لأدخل الأسواقوأكون أنا إحدى المقدمين لهذه السلع أو
+
+79
+00:05:44,080 --> 00:05:48,160
+هذه الخدمة بالإضافة للمحلات الخاصة الموجودة
+
+80
+00:05:48,160 --> 00:05:52,220
+التجارية المعروفة أو المشهورة أو في هذه المنطقة
+
+81
+00:05:52,220 --> 00:05:56,760
+احنا كالمحلات الخيرية لاحظنا من خلال العمل في
+
+82
+00:05:56,760 --> 00:06:00,300
+المجال العمل الميداني أو حتى الكتاب أشار لإلها أنه
+
+83
+00:06:00,300 --> 00:06:03,060
+في محلات خيرية اليوم تنتشر لبيع الملابس المستعملة
+
+84
+00:06:03,060 --> 00:06:05,820
+أو الملابس الجديدة اللي بتتم عليها خصومات أو
+
+85
+00:06:05,820 --> 00:06:09,760
+تصفيات من المصانع أو من الشركاتالملابس اللي موجودة
+
+86
+00:06:09,760 --> 00:06:12,900
+للمنظومات الخيارية بتستخدمها طبعا في مراحل طويلة
+
+87
+00:06:12,900 --> 00:06:18,440
+عملت إعادة تهيئتها لاستعمالها للناس من غسيل وكوي
+
+88
+00:06:18,440 --> 00:06:22,780
+وإعادة تغليف وتجهيزة لإلهم للاستعمال للناس للأفراد
+
+89
+00:06:22,780 --> 00:06:26,730
+بطريقة جيدة ونظيفة وآمنةوهذه طريقة نجحت جدا في
+
+90
+00:06:26,730 --> 00:06:29,690
+الغرب إنه كانوا يجمعوا الملابس من الناس اللي جمعوا
+
+91
+00:06:29,690 --> 00:06:32,290
+الملابس المستعملة اللي هم ناس مش في حاجة لإلها
+
+92
+00:06:32,290 --> 00:06:37,190
+وبيعادوا استخدامها مرة تانية و بتقدر تدخل مباشر
+
+93
+00:06:37,190 --> 00:06:40,150
+بأسعار رمزية لناس محتاجين هذه الملابس و نفسه يقدم
+
+94
+00:06:40,150 --> 00:06:44,250
+دعم أنشطة المؤسسة في محلات خيرية تانية بتشتغل
+
+95
+00:06:44,250 --> 00:06:47,250
+لمجال التحف والهدايايعني أفراد كتير عندهم مقتنعة
+
+96
+00:06:47,250 --> 00:06:50,670
+من التحفف الهدايا ممكن مش في حاجة لإلها أو في بعض
+
+97
+00:06:50,670 --> 00:06:53,770
+الشخصيات اللي هي بتتوفى بيوصي أن هذه التحفف
+
+98
+00:06:53,770 --> 00:06:57,350
+الهدايا تذهب إلى جمعيات خيارية بيتم أملعيها أنها
+
+99
+00:06:57,350 --> 00:07:02,010
+تباع كلوحات فنية أو منتجات تراثية أو منتجات ذات
+
+100
+00:07:02,010 --> 00:07:07,450
+قيمة عالية تقدمها الشركات والمحلات تقدمها للأفراد
+
+101
+00:07:07,450 --> 00:07:11,460
+وللشركات اللي ممكن يشتريوها بشكل كبيرو هذه مميزة
+
+102
+00:07:11,460 --> 00:07:15,000
+لإنه بتصيب طابع انك انت بتشتري شغل تراثي و بتذكر
+
+103
+00:07:15,000 --> 00:07:18,520
+دايما بالعمل الخير اللي انت قوم فيه بدعمك بالمال
+
+104
+00:07:18,520 --> 00:07:21,560
+لهذه المؤسسة نقم تلاتة في محلات خير تشتغل في مجال
+
+105
+00:07:21,560 --> 00:07:27,390
+الأثاث المستخدم اكتير من الأثاثممكن يحصل عليه
+
+106
+00:07:27,390 --> 00:07:31,010
+المجموعات الخيرية أنه بتطلبوا من من يعني لا يرغب
+
+107
+00:07:31,010 --> 00:07:34,290
+في استخدام أي نوع من أنواع الأثاث هم على استعداد
+
+108
+00:07:34,290 --> 00:07:37,970
+أنه ياخدوه ينقلوه يعملوله برضه إعادة تهيئة
+
+109
+00:07:37,970 --> 00:07:43,990
+واستصلاح أنه يكون جاهز لاستخدام من قبل مشتريين
+
+110
+00:07:43,990 --> 00:07:50,030
+آخرينوالأثاث اليوم ارتفعت أسعاره و الناس دايما في
+
+111
+00:07:50,030 --> 00:07:53,450
+احتياجة لإله و في ناس بيحبوا يشتريوا أثاث مستخدم
+
+112
+00:07:53,450 --> 00:07:56,870
+لإنه في توفير في التكاليف و في أحيان ممكن لمسات
+
+113
+00:07:56,870 --> 00:08:00,850
+تراثية يعني بعض القطع الأثاث اللي موجودة مستخدمة
+
+114
+00:08:00,850 --> 00:08:07,090
+القديمة بتستخدم فيها الخشب الزان و فيه الأنواع
+
+115
+00:08:07,090 --> 00:08:10,910
+الخشبية و المشغولات التراثية اللي عليها مشغولات من
+
+116
+00:08:10,910 --> 00:08:14,040
+النقوشات بتجعلها قيمة عاليةبتتوفرش اليوم في
+
+117
+00:08:14,040 --> 00:08:16,780
+المنتجات اللي موجودة في الأسواق فبتخلي الناس إنه
+
+118
+00:08:16,780 --> 00:08:19,280
+تقبل عليها هذه الأثاث هي الفكرة إنه أنا ببيع أثاث
+
+119
+00:08:19,280 --> 00:08:22,580
+مستخدم للناس محتاجينه تمام في مقابل إن أنا بدعم
+
+120
+00:08:22,580 --> 00:08:25,660
+أنشطة الجامعية ناخد كمان مثال رابع محلات لبيع
+
+121
+00:08:25,660 --> 00:08:28,800
+المنتجات المنظمة الخيار نفسها منتجاتي، منتجات
+
+122
+00:08:28,800 --> 00:08:32,660
+غذائية أو منتجات تراثية أو منتجات ملابس أو حتى
+
+123
+00:08:32,660 --> 00:08:37,480
+منتجات من الهدايا والقطع الفنية كلها تقدم للناس
+
+124
+00:08:37,480 --> 00:08:41,820
+بأسعار برضه مناسبة لإلهم منافسة في الأسواقوالهدف
+
+125
+00:08:41,820 --> 00:08:45,580
+الحصول منها على التمويل اللازم لدعم الاش هدى
+
+126
+00:08:45,580 --> 00:08:48,940
+المؤسسات واستمرار عملها بشكل كبير الأنواع هذه
+
+127
+00:08:48,940 --> 00:08:54,960
+الأربعة المحلات التجارية تعتبر عمل استثمارى نافع
+
+128
+00:08:54,960 --> 00:09:01,770
+جدا ومفيد كتير ومعزز لدور المؤسسات واستمراريتهالو
+
+129
+00:09:01,770 --> 00:09:05,090
+أضهر بعض الأمثلة الحية عندنا من قطاع غزة هنلاقي
+
+130
+00:09:05,090 --> 00:09:09,830
+فيه جمعية أطفالنا للصوم موجودة عن بدان فلسطين وأنا
+
+131
+00:09:09,830 --> 00:09:14,990
+برضه بشجع أن الناس تزورها عندهم مشغل كبير لموضوع
+
+132
+00:09:14,990 --> 00:09:21,390
+منتجات تراثية من قطع السجادة أو الـ claim وشنط
+
+133
+00:09:21,390 --> 00:09:28,250
+للنساء وملابس برضه للنساء و للأطفالوفي بعض القطع
+
+134
+00:09:28,250 --> 00:09:31,150
+ال .. ال .. ال decor اللي بتتحطف برضه في المنازل
+
+135
+00:09:31,150 --> 00:09:35,710
+في بالاضافة لأشياء كتير من المترزاة و ال .. ال ..
+
+136
+00:09:35,710 --> 00:09:39,830
+المنتجات الفخارية و ال .. ال .. ال .. الأطباق
+
+137
+00:09:39,830 --> 00:09:43,970
+الزوجاجية المرسوم عليها أمور تراثية و بتعكس ثقافة
+
+138
+00:09:43,970 --> 00:09:46,910
+الشعب الفلسطيني أطفالنا الصوم عاملين معرض، معرض
+
+139
+00:09:46,910 --> 00:09:50,710
+كبير حتى عملوا معارض يعني فرعية لإلهم تانية بس
+
+140
+00:09:50,710 --> 00:09:53,720
+المركز الرئيسي تراحهم اللي موجودعند ور فلسطين
+
+141
+00:09:53,720 --> 00:09:57,760
+هتلاقي ان هم ببيعون منتجاتهم بشكل مباشر و هذه
+
+142
+00:09:57,760 --> 00:10:02,560
+المنتجات يعني فيها أثاث و فيها ملابس و فيها منتجات
+
+143
+00:10:02,560 --> 00:10:06,940
+تراثية و حطوا لمساتهم أطفال نصهم و ببيعوها مش كمان
+
+144
+00:10:06,940 --> 00:10:11,620
+على المحل هذا بيقدر يتواصلوا اجتماعيا مع مواسط
+
+145
+00:10:11,620 --> 00:10:13,580
+واقع التواصل الاجتماعي مع كتير من المؤسسات
+
+146
+00:10:13,580 --> 00:10:17,370
+الخارجية العربية و الأجنبيةوالهم كانت الأجارات
+
+147
+00:10:17,370 --> 00:10:20,370
+كمان بيعرض هذه المنتجات بطريقة لائقة رائقة طيبة
+
+148
+00:10:20,370 --> 00:10:24,730
+يعني استخدموا أدوات كثيرة لتسويق منتجاتهم كنافذة
+
+149
+00:10:24,730 --> 00:10:29,070
+قوية للحصول على الأموال منتجاتهم غالية وبأسعارها
+
+150
+00:10:29,070 --> 00:10:32,110
+بالدولار تباع وليمكن الفئة المستهدفة الأساسية منهم
+
+151
+00:10:32,110 --> 00:10:36,570
+فئة الأجانب أو العرب أو الناس اللي بيجوا زوار
+
+152
+00:10:36,570 --> 00:10:40,070
+للبلد بيحبوا ياخدوا بعض الأمور اللي لذكرة بس ليش
+
+153
+00:10:40,070 --> 00:10:43,510
+ما تكون هذا benchmark يعني هذه مؤسسة رائدة مؤسسات
+
+154
+00:10:43,510 --> 00:10:46,270
+أو الجامعات التانية تقتضي فيهاوالله يعاملي أنا
+
+155
+00:10:46,270 --> 00:10:49,090
+منتج اتنين أو تلاتة تراثي مش نفس منتجاتهم لأ
+
+156
+00:10:49,090 --> 00:10:53,450
+بأفكار إبداعية تانية أعمل منتجات من الملابس يعني
+
+157
+00:10:53,450 --> 00:10:57,650
+ألاحظ مثلا في مصر في عندهم أتواب للأطفال و للنساء
+
+158
+00:10:57,650 --> 00:11:01,990
+بمطرزات بأشكال برضه معينة وعنا التراث في مجال
+
+159
+00:11:01,990 --> 00:11:06,110
+التطريز واسع و الأعمال التراثية في عنا مخيلة واسعة
+
+160
+00:11:06,110 --> 00:11:08,530
+على كل جيل الشباب اليوم ممكن يشوف التراث القديم و
+
+161
+00:11:08,530 --> 00:11:12,170
+التراث الجديد و يقدموه و يسوء منفذ للبيع منافذ بيع
+
+162
+00:11:12,170 --> 00:11:16,050
+مش لازم منافذ كبيرة ممكن منافذ صغيرةبسيطة والتسويق
+
+163
+00:11:16,050 --> 00:11:20,810
+الالكتروني بيوصل إلى المجال بشكل كبير في بعض
+
+164
+00:11:20,810 --> 00:11:26,210
+الجمعيات كمان مثال تاني تعونيات كانوا هدولة دعمتهم
+
+165
+00:11:26,210 --> 00:11:29,430
+مؤسسة اللي هي العمل التنموي معاهم الموجودين عند
+
+166
+00:11:29,430 --> 00:11:34,480
+منطقة حضر عبد الشافي دوارح او بنك الدمجمعوا يعني
+
+167
+00:11:34,480 --> 00:11:37,540
+مجموع من التعاونيات من النساء اللي كانوا بيعملوا
+
+168
+00:11:37,540 --> 00:11:44,640
+منتجات غذائية يعني مخبزات ومعجنات وحلويات وكعك
+
+169
+00:11:44,640 --> 00:11:50,500
+وغايبة كتير من المنتجات الغذائية اللي عليها طلب من
+
+170
+00:11:50,500 --> 00:11:53,920
+خلال الروضات من خلال المدارس من خلال ورش العمل من
+
+171
+00:11:53,920 --> 00:12:00,830
+خلال يعني الأسر والأفراح والمناسباتفهم عملوا دراسة
+
+172
+00:12:00,830 --> 00:12:03,930
+ميدانية يعملوا منفذ تسويقي للتعاونيات الخامسة
+
+173
+00:12:03,930 --> 00:12:07,270
+واحنا كنا شاركنا في هذا العمل معاهم واقترحنا ان
+
+174
+00:12:07,270 --> 00:12:10,770
+يكون منفذ التسويق تبعهم يكون جنب مستشفى الشفاء لأن
+
+175
+00:12:10,770 --> 00:12:13,430
+كتير من الزوار ناس بتوح وتيجي ومنطقة حيوية جدا
+
+176
+00:12:13,430 --> 00:12:17,770
+الأسعار شويه امكن غالية كمنفذ هنا غالي بس وجود
+
+177
+00:12:17,770 --> 00:12:21,930
+قدرة بيعية من خمس تعاونيات في هذا المكان ومنتجاتهم
+
+178
+00:12:21,930 --> 00:12:25,070
+بتصب في المكان واحد فهم فعلا بيشاركوا يعني اقول
+
+179
+00:12:25,070 --> 00:12:30,190
+أجاره خمس ألاف دولار مثلا في السنةلأن الموقع حيوي
+
+180
+00:12:30,190 --> 00:12:34,010
+و استراتيجي لو اتشار فيه خمس تعاونيات يبقى كل واحد
+
+181
+00:12:34,010 --> 00:12:37,450
+هيتقاسم مبلغ بسيط الف دولار خلال السنة يعني مبلغ
+
+182
+00:12:37,450 --> 00:12:41,270
+يمكن تلاتمية شكل خلال ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال
+
+183
+00:12:41,270 --> 00:12:41,510
+.. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال ..
+
+184
+00:12:41,510 --> 00:12:41,510
+ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال
+
+185
+00:12:41,510 --> 00:12:41,870
+.. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال ..
+
+186
+00:12:41,870 --> 00:12:41,910
+ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال
+
+187
+00:12:41,910 --> 00:12:42,030
+.. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال ..
+
+188
+00:12:42,030 --> 00:12:42,110
+ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال
+
+189
+00:12:42,110 --> 00:12:42,350
+.. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال ..
+
+190
+00:12:42,350 --> 00:12:45,270
+ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال .. ال
+
+191
+00:12:45,270 --> 00:12:52,800
+.. اللو قلنا خمس تعاونيات كل تعاونية ألف دولار تلت
+
+192
+00:12:52,800 --> 00:12:56,980
+تلاف دولار أقسم على السنة بتطلع كل سنة كل يوم بده
+
+193
+00:12:56,980 --> 00:13:00,020
+عشرة شاكل العشرة شاكل يعني أنا لما أبيع منتجات
+
+194
+00:13:00,020 --> 00:13:03,880
+بتلتين شاكل بكسب عشرة يبقى التلتين هدولة غطوا
+
+195
+00:13:03,880 --> 00:13:08,370
+تكلفة الأجاربـ 30 شكل و كمان لو بعت كمان بـ 30 شكل
+
+196
+00:13:08,370 --> 00:13:11,510
+غطيت تكلفة العامل اللي موجود أو بـ 40 شكل كمان
+
+197
+00:13:11,510 --> 00:13:14,430
+يومي فإذا بعت بـ 100 شكل أما أنا غطيت الأجار و
+
+198
+00:13:14,430 --> 00:13:19,630
+غطيت العامل و غطيت يعني هامش من الربح بسيط جدا
+
+199
+00:13:19,630 --> 00:13:23,470
+ممكن يثمر يعني يضمن لي الحد الأدنى من السمرار في
+
+200
+00:13:23,470 --> 00:13:27,310
+هذا العملنقطة البيع قوية جدا و احنا بنوصي ان نقطة
+
+201
+00:13:27,310 --> 00:13:30,410
+البيع تكون لمجموعة من الجمعيات او مجموعة من
+
+202
+00:13:30,410 --> 00:13:33,590
+التعاونيات يتعاونوا مع بعض و يقدموا فكرة مشتركة
+
+203
+00:13:33,590 --> 00:13:38,410
+لأن المنتجات بسيطة لهذه التعاونيات بس لو اجتمعت
+
+204
+00:13:38,410 --> 00:13:41,570
+الخمس تعاونيات او العشر تعاونيات في مكان منفذ
+
+205
+00:13:41,570 --> 00:13:47,830
+تسويقي هتكون قوي جدا وفاعل وصول الناس ليلهم نشكركم
+
+206
+00:13:47,830 --> 00:13:50,390
+اهتمامكم وانصاتكم نتقن في رعاية الله وتوفيقه
+
+207
+00:13:50,390 --> 00:13:51,510
+والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwbqRqP24yHh6436xDshIebX/28TfDxBQSII.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1175 @@
+1
+00:00:04,930 --> 00:00:07,550
+باسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والحمد لله رب العالمين
+
+2
+00:00:07,550 --> 00:00:12,830
+لقائنا اليوم هيتكلم على بعض الأخطاء اللي مش مناسبة 
+
+3
+00:00:12,830 --> 00:00:17,090
+أو الأخطاء البسيطة أو الأخطاء اللي مش محسوبة أو 
+
+4
+00:00:17,090 --> 00:00:21,830
+المخاطر اللي مش مدروسة أو ممكن يعني زي صيغة الكتاب
+
+5
+00:00:21,830 --> 00:00:26,610
+قالك أخطاء قاتلة أو أخطاء مرهقة للمؤسسات أو 
+
+6
+00:00:26,610 --> 00:00:29,410
+للعاملين في هذه المؤسسات في عملية جمع أيش؟ في عملية 
+
+7
+00:00:29,410 --> 00:00:32,810
+جمع التبرعات يعني أنا لما بتكلم على موضوع جمع 
+
+8
+00:00:32,810 --> 00:00:40,890
+التبرعات وهنتكلم على طريقة أو أفكار خاصة بتلاتين 
+
+9
+00:00:40,890 --> 00:00:43,570
+طريقة مختلفة لعملية جمع التبرعات هنتكلم
+
+10
+00:00:43,570 --> 00:00:46,910
+بالتفاصيل في لقاءات مختلفة إن شاء الله حبيت أحط 
+
+11
+00:00:46,910 --> 00:00:49,610
+الأخطاء القاتلة اللي هي جاية في أخر الكتاب حطيتها
+
+12
+00:00:49,610 --> 00:00:53,790
+في البداية قبل طرق جمع التبرعات لأن هذه المعيار
+
+13
+00:00:53,790 --> 00:00:58,850
+وهذه النماذج تطلب منّا الحرص والرعاية والاهتمام 
+
+14
+00:00:58,850 --> 00:01:02,390
+للعاملين في هذه المؤسسات في عملية جمع التبرعات 
+
+15
+00:01:02,390 --> 00:01:06,330
+بدّهم يراعوا أن نفس العاملين ممكن يكونوا سبب في 
+
+16
+00:01:06,330 --> 00:01:10,230
+ضعف التبرعات أو قلة التبرعات أو انقطاع التبرعات أو 
+
+17
+00:01:10,230 --> 00:01:14,620
+تهديد للميزانية أو المتوقعة من موضوع التبرعات ممكن 
+
+18
+00:01:14,620 --> 00:01:19,080
+يكون أخطاء خاصة بالمؤسسة وتعاملها أنظمتها وقوانين 
+
+19
+00:01:19,080 --> 00:01:23,660
+عملها برنامجها وخططها ممكن تكون أسلوب من أساليبها
+
+20
+00:01:23,660 --> 00:01:27,740
+تؤدي إلى انخفاض أو انقطاع أو تعثر عملية جمع 
+
+21
+00:01:27,740 --> 00:01:30,980
+التبرعات قد تكون البيئة المحيطة عناصر البيئة دائما
+
+22
+00:01:30,980 --> 00:01:35,420
+متغيرة متقلبة ودائما احنا لا نعول أنه البيئة بتكون
+
+23
+00:01:35,420 --> 00:01:38,440
+في الفترة القريبة أو حتى البعيدة مستقرة مثل هذا 
+
+24
+00:01:38,440 --> 00:01:41,180
+الوضع حتى لو الوضع اليوم الاقتصادي أو الاجتماعي أو
+
+25
+00:01:41,180 --> 00:01:44,620
+السياسي أو الإعلامي أو السلوكي أو حتى الثقافة ما
+
+26
+00:01:44,620 --> 00:01:48,780
+بين الناس متوسط أو ضعيف أو لا يبشر بطرق يعني 
+
+27
+00:01:48,780 --> 00:01:51,580
+مناسبة في المجتمع أو في المستقبل القريب أو البعيد 
+
+28
+00:01:51,810 --> 00:01:55,190
+هنقول إن المستقبل برضه بيحمل المتغيرات في المجتمع
+
+29
+00:01:55,190 --> 00:01:58,270
+والبيئة متقلبة، إذا اليوم أنا مش قادر أسيطر، لا 
+
+30
+00:01:58,270 --> 00:02:01,270
+أظن إن في المستقبل هقدر أسيطر، فبالتالي أنا محتاج 
+
+31
+00:02:01,270 --> 00:02:05,130
+دائما إلى أن ألقي نظرة خاصة بالبيئة، لو حاطينا
+
+32
+00:02:05,130 --> 00:02:07,230
+بأنها بالنسبة للمتبرعين أنفسهم 
+
+33
+00:02:09,770 --> 00:02:14,410
+نظرتهم، اهتمامهم، دوافعهم، رغباتهم، تطلعاتهم، 
+
+34
+00:02:14,410 --> 00:02:17,530
+رؤيتهم، تجاربهم مع هذه المؤسسات أفكار كتير تدور 
+
+35
+00:02:17,530 --> 00:02:21,530
+حول عناصر هذه وغيرها من العناصر اللي ممكن تكون 
+
+36
+00:02:21,530 --> 00:02:25,270
+أسباب مباشرة أو غير مباشرة لموضوع انخفاض التبرعات 
+
+37
+00:02:25,270 --> 00:02:29,630
+احنا ليش بنقول هذه المحاذير وهذه المحددات في 
+
+38
+00:02:29,630 --> 00:02:36,840
+البداية عشان نهتم فيها ونراعيها ونحرص أن تكون هذه 
+
+39
+00:02:36,840 --> 00:02:40,820
+التبرعات أو هذه المصادر من التمويل تكون متاحة
+
+40
+00:02:40,820 --> 00:02:44,400
+للمؤسسة لأن بدون تمويل لا يوجد أنشطة، هذا قول خاطئ 
+
+41
+00:02:44,400 --> 00:02:47,820
+ممكن نقوم بالأن��طة وتيجينا التبرعات المناسبة التي 
+
+42
+00:02:47,820 --> 00:02:52,960
+تتلاقم مع هذه الأنشطة والفعالية خلينا نستعرض أهم 
+
+43
+00:02:52,960 --> 00:02:55,440
+النقاط أو أهم المحاذير في هذا اللقاء البسيط 
+
+44
+00:02:55,440 --> 00:02:59,700
+المختصر اللي بيعطينا رؤية واضحة أو أكثر وضوحا عن 
+
+45
+00:02:59,700 --> 00:03:03,240
+تجارب الآخرين يعني احنا اليوم إذا كنا مستجدين في
+
+46
+00:03:03,240 --> 00:03:06,760
+هذا العمل ورغبتنا في جمع تبرعات بسيطة خبرتنا
+
+47
+00:03:06,760 --> 00:03:10,800
+بسيطة علاقاتنا بسيطة حتى مجال عملنا لسه في بدايته
+
+48
+00:03:10,800 --> 00:03:14,340
+أو حتى إذا كان عندنا اكتساب من الخبرات العالية 
+
+49
+00:03:14,340 --> 00:03:18,560
+وأصحاب يعني باع في موضوع جمع تبرعات أيضا نحتاج
+
+50
+00:03:18,560 --> 00:03:22,740
+إلى من يرشدنا وينصحنا من تجاربه الخاصة ومن توجهاته 
+
+51
+00:03:22,740 --> 00:03:26,200
+التي قام بها وبالتالي نختصر لأنفسنا وقت ومجهود 
+
+52
+00:03:27,370 --> 00:03:30,150
+وإشكاليات قد نلوم فيها أنفسنا أو نلوم فيها 
+
+53
+00:03:30,150 --> 00:03:35,390
+مؤسساتنا أو الآخرين نلقي نظرة على هذه النقاط في
+
+54
+00:03:35,390 --> 00:03:38,530
+اختصار إن شاء الله بداية هذه الأخطاء القاتلة في
+
+55
+00:03:38,530 --> 00:03:43,150
+عملية جمع التبرعات نجد أنه قد أقوم أنا في عملية
+
+56
+00:03:43,150 --> 00:03:46,670
+جمع التبرعات باستشارة أشخاص ليس لهم خبرة في عملية
+
+57
+00:03:46,670 --> 00:03:51,400
+جمع التبرعات يعني أحتاج أنا إلى من يرشدني من أصحاب
+
+58
+00:03:51,400 --> 00:03:54,820
+الخبرة فبالتالي عندما أبدأ في الكلام مع أي شخص 
+
+59
+00:03:54,820 --> 00:03:57,920
+أطلب منه الخبرة أسأله في البداية هل أنت ممارس لعمل
+
+60
+00:03:57,920 --> 00:04:01,960
+جمع تبرعات؟ هل عندك خبرة؟ أين اشتغلت؟ فإذا واحد 
+
+61
+00:04:01,960 --> 00:04:06,380
+أداني وجهة نظر أو آراء تخص موضوع لم يمارسه بالفعل
+
+62
+00:04:06,380 --> 00:04:11,880
+فلن تحصل على إجابات مرضية فقد تكون أفكاره أو رؤيته 
+
+63
+00:04:11,880 --> 00:04:16,200
+أو توجهاته مش مناسبة اسأل أهل الذكر إن كنتم لا
+
+64
+00:04:16,200 --> 00:04:21,130
+تعلمون اثنين، عدم قيام المنظمة بدراسة فعلية وواقعية
+
+65
+00:04:21,130 --> 00:04:24,590
+وعملية وميدانية لعملية جمعها تبرعات وأبعادها
+
+66
+00:04:24,590 --> 00:04:28,570
+وطريقة عملها يعني عملية مش تكون عشوائية عملية مش
+
+67
+00:04:28,570 --> 00:04:33,050
+منظمة مش مرتبة مش مبنية على دراسة ميدانية فعلية
+
+68
+00:04:33,050 --> 00:04:37,290
+قامت بها المؤسسة من خلال نماذج أو استقصاءات للرأي
+
+69
+00:04:37,290 --> 00:04:43,470
+أو قياس للرأي العام للناس أو حتى مقابلات شخصية مع
+
+70
+00:04:43,470 --> 00:04:48,270
+أشخاص لديهم مناسبة في مجال عملية التبرعات وخبرات في
+
+71
+00:04:48,270 --> 00:04:52,130
+هذا المجال هذه الدراسة الميدانية تعطينا انطباع 
+
+72
+00:04:52,130 --> 00:04:58,990
+أولي وخطة عمل تفيدنا مستقبلا في عملية عمل فاعل 
+
+73
+00:04:58,990 --> 00:05:03,260
+لموضوع جمع التبرعات في المؤسسة يعني أذكر حتى أنه 
+
+74
+00:05:03,260 --> 00:05:07,580
+مؤسسة إغاثة الخير طلبت منها يمكن من سبعة عشر أو 
+
+75
+00:05:07,580 --> 00:05:12,020
+ثمانية عشر جامعة في الـ2002، 2001 أو أكثر يعني
+
+76
+00:05:12,020 --> 00:05:18,500
+طلبت منها دراسة ميدانية لاحتياجات قطاع غزة من
+
+77
+00:05:18,500 --> 00:05:24,080
+أنواع المساعدات كان ممكن ناخد بعض الأفكار و
+
+78
+00:05:24,080 --> 00:05:27,700
+اللقاءات مع بعض المختصين ونكتفي بهذا الأمر و
+
+79
+00:05:27,700 --> 00:05:30,920
+نبعتلهم إن احتياجاتنا واحد اثنين ثلاثة في قطاع غزة
+
+80
+00:05:30,920 --> 00:05:34,360
+لكن ما تم فعلا هو عمل استبانات متخصصة أنا وزميل
+
+81
+00:05:34,360 --> 00:05:39,560
+ليّ في مجال الخدمة الاجتماعية قمنا بالاستعانة
+
+82
+00:05:39,560 --> 00:05:42,740
+بخبرات يعني ألقت نظرة لمجموعة من الدراسات و
+
+83
+00:05:42,740 --> 00:05:46,020
+الأبحاث والكتب المتخصصة في هذا المجال وجمعنا هذه
+
+84
+00:05:46,020 --> 00:05:50,260
+الأفكار وصممنا استبانة ميدانية فيها تفاصيل كثيرة
+
+85
+00:05:50,580 --> 00:05:56,460
+واستعنّا بطلابنا على مستوى المناطق المتوزعة في قطاع 
+
+86
+00:05:56,460 --> 00:06:00,840
+غزة للعمل الميداني وعطيناهم مكافآت اللي يقوموا 
+
+87
+00:06:00,840 --> 00:06:04,000
+بعملهم على أكمل وجه وطلبنا منهم من خلال محاضرة
+
+88
+00:06:04,000 --> 00:06:08,500
+فعلية أن نوجه سلوكهم لعملية جمع التبرعات بألية
+
+89
+00:06:08,500 --> 00:06:13,060
+منهجية وبألية حقيقية تعكس واقع واحتياجات الشعب
+
+90
+00:06:13,060 --> 00:06:17,260
+الفلسطيني في قطاع غزة وبناء على هذه الدراسة صدرت 
+
+91
+00:06:17,260 --> 00:06:21,900
+عنها تقرير وعرض هذا التقرير على الموقع الرسمي لمؤسسة 
+
+92
+00:06:21,900 --> 00:06:28,840
+«إغاثة الخير لسنوات عديدة» يوجه سلوك المتبرعين بصورة 
+
+93
+00:06:28,840 --> 00:06:33,300
+عامة إلى أهم الأنشطة واحتياجاتنا في قطاع غزة وكانت
+
+94
+00:06:33,300 --> 00:06:36,960
+التوجهات في الأغلب قبل هذه الدراسة تعتمد على توزيع 
+
+95
+00:06:36,960 --> 00:06:40,900
+المساعدات الغذائية لكن ما تبين خلال دراستنا أن
+
+96
+00:06:40,900 --> 00:06:48,170
+البعد الأول والمطلوب من المتبرعين في قطاع غزة هو خلق 
+
+97
+00:06:48,170 --> 00:06:54,290
+فرص عمل للشباب وأيضا منها كمان دفع رسوم جامعية
+
+98
+00:06:54,290 --> 00:06:59,330
+لشبابنا ومن ضمن الاحتياجات تأتي في المرتبة 
+
+99
+00:06:59,330 --> 00:07:02,750
+الرابعة أو الخامسة موضوع المساعدات الغذائية أو 
+
+100
+00:07:02,750 --> 00:07:08,170
+الكوّربنات الرمضانية وهذا مما عزز استراتيجيات وسلوك 
+
+101
+00:07:08,170 --> 00:07:12,170
+المؤسسات المتبرعة لنا في قطاع غزة في إعادة 
+
+102
+00:07:12,170 --> 00:07:17,770
+هيكلية أو نظرتها بالنسبة للتوزيع ومساعدتها وجلب 
+
+103
+00:07:17,770 --> 00:07:21,330
+التمويل لقطاع غزة رقم ثلاثة عدم الاهتمام بالتقاليد
+
+104
+00:07:21,330 --> 00:07:26,830
+والعرف البيئي في أمور خاصة بكل مجتمع وبكل منطقة 
+
+105
+00:07:26,830 --> 00:07:32,070
+جغرافية لها خصوصية وبالتالي على من يقوم بعملية جمع
+
+106
+00:07:32,070 --> 00:07:36,330
+التبرعات أن يفهم هذه الخصوصية ويفهم هذه الثقافة
+
+107
+00:07:36,330 --> 00:07:40,130
+ونظرة العرف والعادة والتقاليد التي تتم في عملية 
+
+108
+00:07:40,130 --> 00:07:46,990
+جمع التبرعات يعني يحكي لي أحد الأفاضل
+
+109
+00:07:46,990 --> 00:07:50,550
+من الناس الأفاضل ذوي الخبرات أن من يريد أن يتزوج في 
+
+110
+00:07:50,550 --> 00:07:57,390
+اليمن ولا يملك مهر يقوم بالذهاب أو يعني عفوا يملك
+
+111
+00:07:57,390 --> 00:08:04,350
+المهر لكنه يريد أن يتزوج يطلب منه أب عروسته أن 
+
+112
+00:08:04,350 --> 00:08:10,230
+يذهب يقضي يوم كامل في النقر على أبواب الجيران 
+
+113
+00:08:10,230 --> 00:08:14,950
+والمنطقة والأهل،  للسؤال منهم عن ما يتبرعونه لهذا 
+
+114
+00:08:14,950 --> 00:08:19,350
+الزواج طيب، وهو المقصد من هذا الأمر كان ببساطة هو
+
+115
+00:08:19,350 --> 00:08:26,450
+أن يعتاد الرجل أن يذهب في سؤال الجميع لحاجات بيته 
+
+116
+00:08:26,450 --> 00:08:32,120
+وحاجات مجتمعه كي يؤمن استقرار منزل زوجية آمن 
+
+117
+00:08:32,120 --> 00:08:36,100
+واحتياجاته موفرة من الأكل من الاحتياجات الرئيسية
+
+118
+00:08:36,100 --> 00:08:41,380
+لا نقول هنا احتياجاتنا الثانوية ورفاهية والكماليات
+
+119
+00:08:41,380 --> 00:08:49,460
+من الحلويات والسكاكر والشبسيات والمواد الطباطبي 
+
+120
+00:08:49,460 --> 00:08:54,320
+الغازية يعني بتحمل في طياتها الكثير من الأمور غير
+
+121
+00:08:54,320 --> 00:08:58,640
+نافع للإنسان وهي سلع يعني لا تسمن ولا تشبّع.. لا
+
+122
+00:08:58,640 --> 00:09:05,040
+تشبع بطنا ولا تسمن بدنا يعني فاحتياجات رئيسية من 
+
+123
+00:09:05,040 --> 00:09:09,020
+الخضار والفاكهة اللي رب العالمين أوجدها لأنه بغزارة 
+
+124
+00:09:09,020 --> 00:09:12,320
+وبكثرة رقم أربعة محاولة المنظمة في جمع التبرعات
+
+125
+00:09:12,320 --> 00:09:16,900
+لقضية منتهية لا تثير اهتمام الناس نجد أن التبرعات 
+
+126
+00:09:16,900 --> 00:09:23,770
+في العادة تساير الساعة تسير مع ما هي قضايا الساعة ما
+
+127
+00:09:23,770 --> 00:09:28,970
+هي الأمور التي تظهر على المحك وتشد رأي الناس بشكل 
+
+128
+00:09:28,970 --> 00:09:33,630
+عام يعني نجد فترة من الفترات الزمنية الحرب التي 
+
+129
+00:09:33,630 --> 00:09:37,330
+دارت بين .. اللي قامت بيصير بيها على منطقة البوسنة 
+
+130
+00:09:37,330 --> 00:09:40,450
+والهرسك في منطقة يوغسلافيا بعد انفصالها كإقليم 
+
+131
+00:09:40,450 --> 00:09:44,370
+إسلامي أو كدولة إسلامية وكانت إليها مرازي وأبعاد 
+
+132
+00:09:44,370 --> 00:09:49,920
+سياسية ومجازر وتقارير ضد المسلمين فظهرت الدول 
+
+133
+00:09:49,920 --> 00:09:53,600
+الإسلامية والشعوب الإسلامية وظهرت العديد من 
+
+134
+00:09:53,600 --> 00:09:58,620
+التبرعات لدعم صمود الشعب البوسني وكانت يعني ظاهرة
+
+135
+00:09:58,620 --> 00:10:02,900
+شدت اهتمام الرأي العام بصورة كاملة لكن بعد فترة من 
+
+136
+00:10:02,900 --> 00:10:06,760
+الفترات يعني ونرى الآن لا يوجد لتأثير لهذا الأمر
+
+137
+00:10:06,760 --> 00:10:10,400
+بين الناس الأزمة السورية على سبيل المثال أو الشعب 
+
+138
+00:10:10,400 --> 00:10:13,400
+السوري يعاني من .. من .. من قضايا خاصة بالـ ..
+
+139
+00:10:13,400 --> 00:10:18,700
+بالمأوى والمأكل والملبس فهي الآن هي قضية ساعة تثير 
+
+140
+00:10:18,700 --> 00:10:22,000
+اهتمام الدول المانحة أو المتبرعين بصورة عامة
+
+141
+00:10:22,000 --> 00:10:27,920
+وبالتالي يعني هذه القضايا اليوم تحقق نجاحًا ورواجًا
+
+142
+00:10:27,920 --> 00:10:32,000
+لمن يقوم بتبرع لمصلحة هؤلاء الأفراد الخامسة اللي
+
+143
+00:10:32,000 --> 00:10:35,020
+تحدد المنظمة هدفًا واضحًا أو فائدة مرجوة من وجّه من
+
+144
+00:10:35,020 --> 00:10:38,410
+التبرعات، جمع التبرعات مش الهدف منه أن أكون مؤسسة
+
+145
+00:10:38,410 --> 00:10:41,870
+قام واحد في مجال جمع التبرعات لأولئك الأفراد أو
+
+146
+00:10:41,870 --> 00:10:46,890
+أكون مثلًا جمع التبرعات الهدف مني هو يعني تحقيق
+
+147
+00:10:46,890 --> 00:10:49,510
+استقرار وظيفي لمجموعة من الموظفين اللي موجودين عندي
+
+148
+00:10:49,510 --> 00:10:52,670
+أو استمرارية المؤسسة فأنا بجمع التبرعات، هدف الجمع
+
+149
+00:10:52,670 --> 00:10:55,970
+التبرعات هو لخدمة أهداف جمع التبرعات اللي هم الفئة
+
+150
+00:10:55,970 --> 00:10:59,890
+المستهدفة أو المستفيدة وليست المؤسسة هي الهدف من
+
+151
+00:10:59,890 --> 00:11:03,570
+وراء هذه الجمع التبرعات، بمعنى نحن بواسطتنا كمؤسسات 
+
+152
+00:11:03,570 --> 00:11:09,280
+غير حكومية نقوم بجمع أموال من الناس المتبرعين
+
+153
+00:11:09,280 --> 00:11:12,540
+مشكورين وإن شاء الله مؤجرين من رب العالمين، وتُدفع 
+
+154
+00:11:12,540 --> 00:11:17,640
+هذه التبرعات إلى مستحقيها، وهدفنا هو أن نكون جهة
+
+155
+00:11:17,640 --> 00:11:22,940
+وسيطة وخادمة لهؤلاء الأفراد وليس لخدمة مصالح
+
+156
+00:11:22,940 --> 00:11:27,680
+المؤسسة ومجلس إدارتها،  عفوًا، أو موظفيها أو أنظمتها
+
+157
+00:11:27,680 --> 00:11:30,740
+أو بقائها واستمراريتها في العمل،  أقم سادسًا، ألا تكون
+
+158
+00:11:30,740 --> 00:11:34,060
+منظمات واقعية التي تكون مضمون واقعي فيها ما تطلبه من 
+
+159
+00:11:34,060 --> 00:11:37,530
+مجلس إدارة الشركات والجهات التي ترغب في دعمها
+
+160
+00:11:37,530 --> 00:11:42,950
+وتبروحها أن تكون المنظمة أن تكون المنظمة، ويعني في
+
+161
+00:11:42,950 --> 00:11:46,290
+أمور كثيرة واقعية، لما تتخاطب مجالس ال��دارة أو 
+
+162
+00:11:46,290 --> 00:11:52,290
+الشركات، وتكون قريبة لمصداقية إلاء الشركات يعني
+
+163
+00:11:52,290 --> 00:11:55,710
+مثلًا، عفوا، في أحيانًا في عملية جمع التبرعات لعمل
+
+164
+00:11:55,710 --> 00:12:01,750
+مدرسة أو مستشفى أو مسجد، تذهب الجهة التي تجمع
+
+165
+00:12:01,750 --> 00:12:06,030
+التبرعات  له تحديد موعد مع بعض الشركات التجارية
+
+166
+00:12:06,030 --> 00:12:09,530
+وتطلب منهم مبالغ ضخمة، أو أحيانًا تقدم ميزانيات 
+
+167
+00:12:09,530 --> 00:12:17,510
+مبالغ فيها، وتطلب من المتبرعين مبالغ أحيانًا تستدعي
+
+168
+00:12:17,510 --> 00:12:23,850
+منهم التعجب، أو تستدعي منهم المتابعة والرقابة الفعلية
+
+169
+00:12:23,850 --> 00:12:31,860
+المختصين، هم من يقومون بمتابعة الموازنات المقترحة 
+
+170
+00:12:31,860 --> 00:12:37,820
+لإقامة المشروعات، نؤكد دائمًا بأن العمل مع الشركات
+
+171
+00:12:37,820 --> 00:12:42,940
+أو التعامل بجمع التبرعات مع مؤسسات ذات خبرات في
+
+172
+00:12:42,940 --> 00:12:48,460
+المجتمع، أن نكون واقعيين وأن نكون دقيقين في
+
+173
+00:12:48,460 --> 00:12:54,650
+البيانات وخاصة أمور المالية وأمور التبرعات لأن هذه
+
+174
+00:12:54,650 --> 00:13:00,930
+تتعلقُ بطباط مباشر ووثيق بمصداقية المؤسسة غير 
+
+175
+00:13:00,930 --> 00:13:06,890
+الحكومية ومدى ثقة المتبرعين فيها،  أقم سابعة، اختيار
+
+176
+00:13:06,890 --> 00:13:10,250
+المنظمات للوقت المناسب وغير مناسب عند جمع التبرعات
+
+177
+00:13:10,250 --> 00:13:16,550
+بمعنى إذا احنا اخترنا أوقات غير مناسبة للجمع
+
+178
+00:13:16,550 --> 00:13:21,690
+التبرعات، بمعنى أنه فيه أعداد تقارير مالية في نهاية
+
+179
+00:13:21,690 --> 00:13:26,510
+العام، أو دفع ضرائب من قبل الشركات للمؤسسات
+
+180
+00:13:26,510 --> 00:13:33,050
+الحكومية، يكون هناك مناسبات غير مناسبة في جمع
+
+181
+00:13:33,050 --> 00:13:37,690
+التبرعات مثلًا مثلًا وفاة أحد الأشخاص المهمين في 
+
+182
+00:13:37,690 --> 00:13:42,510
+مجلس الإدارة، أو إعادة هيكلة مجلس الإدارة، أو نقلة
+
+183
+00:13:42,510 --> 00:13:46,910
+نوعية أو تغيرات جوهرية في بعض المؤسسات ونذهب منهم
+
+184
+00:13:46,910 --> 00:13:50,030
+للـ .. يعني الرغبة منهم في الحصول على التبرعات
+
+185
+00:13:50,030 --> 00:13:53,750
+فهيكون الوقت غير مناسب لعمل جمع التبرعات،  أقم ثامنة،
+
+186
+00:13:53,750 --> 00:13:59,490
+المنظمة أحيانًا تظهر أمام متبرعيها بمظهر غير متخصص
+
+187
+00:13:59,490 --> 00:14:03,610
+أو غير مدرك لعمله، بمعنى إنه احنا رايحين نجمع تبرعات
+
+188
+00:14:03,610 --> 00:14:08,010
+ممكن نسأله يقول لك هل هناك مشغلة لتبرعات؟ أقول لك لا
+
+189
+00:14:08,010 --> 00:14:11,670
+احنا بنجمع التبرعات حاليًا وبعدين هنقرر إيش هنسوي
+
+190
+00:14:11,670 --> 00:14:16,230
+هنا حيصير فيه شك وريبة في مدى مصداقيتك وقدرتك على
+
+191
+00:14:16,230 --> 00:14:20,940
+إدارتك لهذه الأموال، لأن موضوع الأموال إليه شقان، أنت
+
+192
+00:14:20,940 --> 00:14:23,700
+بتجمع تبرعات يبقى فيها عندك نشاط أنت هتقوم فيه أو 
+
+193
+00:14:23,700 --> 00:14:26,740
+مشروع أنت قائم عليه، أو بمعنى آخر أنه كثير من 
+
+194
+00:14:26,740 --> 00:14:30,700
+التبرعات مرهونة بنوعية المشروعات المقدمة، يعني إذا 
+
+195
+00:14:30,700 --> 00:14:34,300
+أنا قدمت مشروع في الصحة وأذهب إلى مؤسسات ترعى في
+
+196
+00:14:34,300 --> 00:14:37,660
+مجال الصحة أو تقدم خدمات صحية أو تقدم أمور عينية
+
+197
+00:14:37,660 --> 00:14:41,120
+أو نقدية أو تبرعات في مجال الصحة، يبقى أنا عندي
+
+198
+00:14:41,120 --> 00:14:46,000
+مشروع، هيكون هناك المبرر اللازم والكافي وحتى
+
+199
+00:14:46,000 --> 00:14:49,650
+المفسّر لماذا أنا أقوم بجمع التبرعات وأخصصها في
+
+200
+00:14:49,650 --> 00:14:55,550
+أمور واضحة ومحددة، هنلاقي كمان،  أقم تاسعة، قيادة جهات 
+
+201
+00:14:55,550 --> 00:14:58,810
+تبرعات ��حيانًا ممكن تكون هزيلة وضعيفة، بمعنى ما 
+
+202
+00:14:58,810 --> 00:15:02,630
+معنى هزيلة أو ضعيفة، ما معنى القيادة الخاصة أو 
+
+203
+00:15:02,630 --> 00:15:06,030
+الإدارة الخاصة بعمل جهات تبرعات هزيلة أو ضعيفة، لا
+
+204
+00:15:06,030 --> 00:15:12,950
+تقوم بعملها، لا تحدد خطة عمل، لا تعمل على متابعة
+
+205
+00:15:12,950 --> 00:15:21,020
+التفاصيل، ليس لها عندها رؤية كافية بإيش العمل وما
+
+206
+00:15:21,020 --> 00:15:28,640
+هي وجهتنا في هذا المضمار أو في هذا المجال، ليس
+
+207
+00:15:28,640 --> 00:15:32,440
+لدينا إحصائيات، ليس لدينا الكفاءات، ليس لدينا 
+
+208
+00:15:32,440 --> 00:15:37,680
+المتخصصين، ليس لدينا العلاقات أو المؤسسات اللي هي
+
+209
+00:15:37,680 --> 00:15:41,260
+مستفيدة أو الأفراد المستفيدين من هذه المؤسسات،
+
+210
+00:15:41,260 --> 00:15:47,610
+بمعنى برنامجنا يعمل بطريقة عشوائية وليست منظمة، هذه
+
+211
+00:15:47,610 --> 00:15:51,470
+هي المقصود بها الضعف وليست مقصودًا بأن هذا الشخص هادي
+
+212
+00:15:51,470 --> 00:15:56,670
+بطبعه أو شديد بطبعه أو يناقش الآخرين أو يتخذ رأي
+
+213
+00:15:56,670 --> 00:16:01,070
+بصورة منفردة،  أقم عاشرة، أحيانًا المنظمة بيغيّر خطتها و
+
+214
+00:16:01,070 --> 00:16:04,570
+استراتيجياتها في عملية جمع التبرعات بما يتلاقم مع
+
+215
+00:16:04,570 --> 00:16:08,510
+البيئة أو الواقع اللي موجود هلّقيت، تغيير الخطط 
+
+216
+00:16:08,510 --> 00:16:12,250
+والاستراتيجيات إذا كان جوهري ممكن يؤثر عملية جمع
+
+217
+00:16:12,250 --> 00:16:17,000
+التبرعات؟ وممكن يؤدي إلى إنه برنامج جمع التبرعات
+
+218
+00:16:17,000 --> 00:16:21,420
+يتوقف أو ما يحققش العائد المطلوب منه، أو عملية جمع
+
+219
+00:16:21,420 --> 00:16:25,940
+التبرعات نفسها تتعرض لنقد أو أحيانًا عدم مصداقية أو
+
+220
+00:16:25,940 --> 00:16:29,980
+ثقة من الناس المتبرعين، أنت في مجال عملك في عملية
+
+221
+00:16:29,980 --> 00:16:33,980
+جمع التبرعات، تبني الخطة وتبني رؤيتك واستراتيجيتك
+
+222
+00:16:33,980 --> 00:16:39,420
+واضحة، وتستمر في عملها من خلال مراحل زمنية وأنشطة
+
+223
+00:16:39,420 --> 00:16:43,500
+محددة، إذا لم تقم بهذا البرنامج أو بهذه الحملة أو 
+
+224
+00:16:43,500 --> 00:16:48,880
+بهذه القضية وفقًا منهجية علمية، ستفقد مصداقيتك
+
+225
+00:16:48,880 --> 00:16:51,900
+وبالتالي عملية جمع التبرعات ستكون يعني معرضة
+
+226
+00:16:51,900 --> 00:16:56,140
+للاهتزاز أو معرضة للشك أو الريب أو المخاطر، عدم
+
+227
+00:16:56,140 --> 00:17:00,040
+استمراريتها، وممكن يؤثر بالتالي على المؤسسات، اعتماد
+
+228
+00:17:00,040 --> 00:17:04,680
+المنظمة على أنّها حرف واحدة من المتبرعين، بمعنى اعتمد
+
+229
+00:17:04,680 --> 00:17:08,520
+فقط على الشركات التجارية وأفراد، لا أتواصل معهم
+
+230
+00:17:08,520 --> 00:17:14,240
+مؤسسات حكومية أو مؤسسات داعمة أو مثلًا مؤسسات خيرية
+
+231
+00:17:14,240 --> 00:17:18,940
+أخرى أو مؤسسات عربية أو مؤسسات دولية، لا أتطرق أو 
+
+232
+00:17:18,940 --> 00:17:23,100
+لا أطرق هذه الأبواب، ضعف في هذا المجال يعني شركات
+
+233
+00:17:23,100 --> 00:17:25,940
+اعتمادها على شركات تجارية، وضعف التعامل مع شركات 
+
+234
+00:17:25,940 --> 00:17:28,080
+تجارية أو ضائقة مالية أو اقتصادية للشركات
+
+235
+00:17:28,080 --> 00:17:33,780
+التجارية قد تسدّ منافذ العمل أو أوجه التبرعات
+
+236
+00:17:33,780 --> 00:17:37,580
+الموجودة في المؤسسة، وبالتالي تهدد المؤسسة من 
+
+237
+00:17:37,580 --> 00:17:41,220
+وجودها واستمرارها، تحتها مش برنامج التبرعات أقل من 
+
+238
+00:17:41,220 --> 00:17:46,440
+12، ممكن نلاقي أنّ التغلغل في السوق الأسواق الجديدة 
+
+239
+00:17:46,440 --> 00:17:53,180
+أو مجالات جمع التبرعات الجديدة بِمحقق رضاءً من قبل
+
+240
+00:17:53,180 --> 00:17:59,000
+المؤسسة، نجاح برنامجها ممكن يكون ما يكونش كافي، يعني 
+
+241
+00:17:59,000 --> 00:18:04,160
+أنا ما كنتش فاهم إيه الشرائح الموجودة في المجتمع، أي
+
+242
+00:18:04,160 --> 00:18:07,880
+تتعامل مع هذه الشرائح، وكيفية تحقيق الرد لهم، كيف
+
+243
+00:18:07,880 --> 00:18:12,020
+أتواصل معهم، متى أتواصل معهم، أين أتواصل معهم،
+
+244
+00:18:12,020 --> 00:18:15,240
+آلية أو الأدوات المستخدمة في التواصل معهم، أنا مش
+
+245
+00:18:15,240 --> 00:18:20,180
+متغلغل في التفاصيل، ما أخدت الأمور بسطحية أو بقشور
+
+246
+00:18:20,180 --> 00:18:24,530
+بسيطة، هذه تؤثر على قدرتي على جمع تبرعات،  أقم 13
+
+247
+00:18:24,530 --> 00:18:28,570
+الاستفادة وعدم الاستفادة الفعلية من المتطوعين، أنت
+
+248
+00:18:28,570 --> 00:18:32,490
+اليوم عندك مجموعة من الأفراد، قلنا جانب التطوع أهم
+
+249
+00:18:32,490 --> 00:18:36,030
+جدا للمؤسسات غير الحكومية، طبّ متطوعين هذول هل
+
+250
+00:18:36,030 --> 00:18:39,550
+أستفيد منهم وأقدر أني أوظّف مهاراته من عمل جمع 
+
+251
+00:18:39,550 --> 00:18:43,410
+تبرعات، طب إذا أجولي هدول الكادر من العناصر البشرية
+
+252
+00:18:43,410 --> 00:18:46,050
+ما استفدتُش منهم في عملية جمع تبرعات، فأنا يعني
+
+253
+00:18:46,050 --> 00:18:49,330
+هخسر كثير، مش هقدر أعمل خطة عمل وزيارات ميدانية
+
+254
+00:18:49,330 --> 00:18:52,890
+وبرنامج للتواصل مع الناس بطريقة فعّالة، وبالتالي
+
+255
+00:18:52,890 --> 00:18:56,630
+برنامج التطوع مش يكون خادم لي في عملية جمع 
+
+256
+00:18:56,630 --> 00:19:02,430
+تبرعات،  أقل من 14، الخوف من طرق أبواب جديدة في عملية
+
+257
+00:19:02,430 --> 00:19:08,770
+جمع التبرعات، والاكتفاء بما تعلّموه من طرق ناجحة أو 
+
+258
+00:19:08,770 --> 00:19:13,510
+ناجحة سابقة، يعني الإبداع والرغبة في التجديد
+
+259
+00:19:13,510 --> 00:19:18,530
+والتحديث، ومسيرة ما هي أكل المستجدات، هذه سمة تغلب
+
+260
+00:19:18,530 --> 00:19:23,110
+عند الشباب، والشباب أغلبهم الآن من هم المتطوعين
+
+261
+00:19:23,110 --> 00:19:29,270
+فبالتالي برضه نرجع إلى مربع أول وهو أنّ المتطوعين
+
+262
+00:19:29,270 --> 00:19:33,790
+بأفكارهم الإبداعية يستطيعوا يدخلوا ويدخلوا أبواب
+
+263
+00:19:33,790 --> 00:19:38,470
+جديدة، لكن أحيانًا عدم الرغبة في التجديد أو التحديث 
+
+264
+00:19:38,470 --> 00:19:41,990
+أو التطلع على الأفكار الجديدة في موضوع التبرعات
+
+265
+00:19:41,990 --> 00:19:45,790
+هذا ممكن يخفي بعض الموظفين، وبالتالي يعني نفقد 
+
+266
+00:19:45,790 --> 00:19:49,710
+أثير من فرص التبرعات المتاحة، أخيرًا، عدم مشاركة
+
+267
+00:19:49,710 --> 00:19:55,370
+أعضاء مجلس الإدارة بفعالية فيما يتعلق بأنشطة
+
+268
+00:19:55,370 --> 00:19:58,830
+المنظمة أو عملية جمع التبرعات، لأنّ مجالس الإدارة
+
+269
+00:19:58,830 --> 00:20:05,150
+في الأغلب بتكون لها الجانب الاجتماعي والجانب
+
+270
+00:20:05,410 --> 00:20:09,870
+الاحترامي ما بين أفراد المجتمع، بمعنى من يكون عضو
+
+271
+00:20:09,870 --> 00:20:13,490
+مجلس إدارة في مؤسسات غير حكومية، لا ينظر إلى أي
+
+272
+00:20:13,490 --> 00:20:16,750
+عائد مادي أو مكاسب خاصة من وقع وجوده في هذه
+
+273
+00:20:16,750 --> 00:20:21,750
+المؤسسات، سواء أحيانًا نظرته في الاحترام المجتمعي له
+
+274
+00:20:21,750 --> 00:20:27,750
+ووجوده لخدمة المجتمع في أكثر من مكان، هذه قد تمثل
+
+275
+00:20:27,750 --> 00:20:30,830
+قيمة معنوية عالية لأعضاء مجلس الإدارة، طب إذا كان 
+
+276
+00:20:30,830 --> 00:20:35,130
+أعضاء مجلس الإدارة غير مهتمين أو غير ناضِرين لأنشطة
+
+277
+00:20:35,130 --> 00:20:38,630
+فعلية لـ لـ لـ لـ لـ يعني لـ يتم
+
+278
+00:20:38,630 --> 00:20:42,790
+تحقيقها داخل المؤسسات أو عملية جمع تبرعات، فستفقد
+
+279
+00:20:42,790 --> 00:20:48,630
+قيمة عالية جدا أنّ هؤلاء الأفراد المتخصصين اللي هم
+
+280
+00:20:48,630 --> 00:20:52,890
+غير مكلفين للمؤسسة أو المنظمات الحكومية فقدناهم 
+
+281
+00:20:53,300 --> 00:20:57,040
+لأجل اهتمامهم بتطوير المؤسسة أو تطوير أنشطتها
+
+282
+00:20:57,040 --> 00:21:03,200
+مواضيع متعددة و أفكار متغيرة غير مستقرة بالنسبة 
+
+283
+00:21:03,200 --> 00:21:07,420
+لما هي الأخطاء القاتلة الموجودة في جامعة برعاد يعني
+
+284
+00:21:07,420 --> 00:21:15,770
+أخطاء ترددت وتكررت وأصحاب الخبرات مروا في هذه
+
+285
+00:21:15,770 --> 00:21:20,390
+المواقف المحرجة مما تسبب في ضياع العديد من الفرص
+
+286
+00:21:20,390 --> 00:21:25,050
+للتبرع والأموال التي كانت ممكن أن تخدم هذه المؤسسة
+
+287
+00:21:25,050 --> 00:21:31,190
+لتحقيق أنشطتها كما ذكرنا الأطراف متعددة لكن يعول
+
+288
+00:21:31,190 --> 00:21:36,070
+بشكل كبير عن العاملين في هذه المؤسسات وقيادة
+
+289
+00:21:36,070 --> 00:21:41,770
+عملية جامعة التبرعات ووجود الخطة ووجود الفريق ووجود 
+
+290
+00:21:41,770 --> 00:21:50,130
+القيادة ووجود الرؤية ووجود رغبة حقيقية بصدق وإخلاص
+
+291
+00:21:50,130 --> 00:21:54,850
+كامل في العمل ورغبة في غضب المولى عز وجل تجعل
+
+292
+00:21:54,850 --> 00:21:57,650
+عملية جمع التبرعات تتجاوز العديد من العقبات
+
+293
+00:21:57,650 --> 00:22:03,390
+والأزمات وتحقيق أهدافها نشكركم على اهتمامكم وحسن 
+
+294
+00:22:03,390 --> 00:22:06,710
+استماعكم وننتظر في عناية الله وتوفيقه والسلام عليكم 

PL9fwy3NUQKwbqRqP24yHh6436xDshIebX/4GbWqCQgdkA.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,943 @@
+1
+00:00:04,790 --> 00:00:09,390
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والحمد لله رب العالمين  إحنا
+
+2
+00:00:09,390 --> 00:00:12,570
+ما زلنا في الفصل الثاني الخاص بتنمية المواد 
+
+3
+00:00:12,570 --> 00:00:16,550
+البشرية في مؤسسات المجتمع المدني موضوعنا الآن
+
+4
+00:00:16,550 --> 00:00:20,110
+هنتكلم على أسس اختيار الموظفين يمكن عماد قيام 
+
+5
+00:00:20,110 --> 00:00:23,390
+المؤسسات ونجاحها في أداء أعمالها هي مهارات 
+
+6
+00:00:23,390 --> 00:00:28,250
+وإمكانيات وعلم وثقافة وقدرات وخبرات المتوفرة لديها
+
+7
+00:00:28,250 --> 00:00:31,870
+الموظفين اللي عاملين بهذه المؤسسات عشان هيك إحنا
+
+8
+00:00:31,870 --> 00:00:35,970
+مننول كتير أن يكون عندنا موظفين ذوي كفاءة عالية
+
+9
+00:00:35,970 --> 00:00:42,050
+بيساعدني في أداء أنشطة ومهارات متخصصة داخل المؤسسة
+
+10
+00:00:42,050 --> 00:00:46,390
+المجتمع المدني في نفس الوقت بستطيع أن أنا أتواصل
+
+11
+00:00:46,390 --> 00:00:50,810
+مع المؤسسات الخارجية وأحقق المشاريع وأتابع
+
+12
+00:00:50,810 --> 00:00:54,520
+الإجراءات والنماذج الخاصة بالعمل الموظف هو الأداء
+
+13
+00:00:54,520 --> 00:00:57,900
+الفعليّة أو الحقيقية أو الوسيلة الحقيقية لتحقيق 
+
+14
+00:00:57,900 --> 00:01:01,700
+أهداف المؤسسة بمعنى كيف يمكن للمؤسسة أن تترجم 
+
+15
+00:01:01,700 --> 00:01:06,080
+أهدافها ورؤيتها للمستقبل هذا يتم من خلال موظفينها
+
+16
+00:01:06,080 --> 00:01:11,420
+الموظفين هم العمود الفقري الرئيسي الركيزة الرئيسي
+
+17
+00:01:11,420 --> 00:01:16,340
+لنجاح المؤسسات وقدرتها على أداء مهمتها وإنجازات
+
+18
+00:01:16,340 --> 00:01:20,460
+أعمالها عشان هيك إحنا لما بدي أتي أفكر كمنظمة
+
+19
+00:01:20,460 --> 00:01:26,300
+مجتمع مدني موجودة عندي هذه المؤسسة الغير حكومية الـ
+
+20
+00:01:26,300 --> 00:01:31,920
+NGO الموجودة بتعتمد على الكوادر المتوفرة من
+
+21
+00:01:31,920 --> 00:01:38,940
+العاملين في هذه المؤسسة والكوادرهم النواة الرئيسية
+
+22
+00:01:38,940 --> 00:01:41,860
+وركيزة ASCC اللي بتقوم فيها المؤسسة أو قيمة 
+
+23
+00:01:41,860 --> 00:01:45,540
+المؤسسة الفعلية أو الحقيقية قائمة على هؤلاء 
+
+24
+00:01:45,540 --> 00:01:49,020
+الأفراد ذوي الخبرات فإحنا بندنحاول نشوف ما هي
+
+25
+00:01:49,020 --> 00:01:52,840
+المهارات اللي موجودة والقدرات والإمكانيات اللي
+
+26
+00:01:52,840 --> 00:01:55,960
+موجودة لهؤلاء الأفراد يعني فكرنا في موضوع التعليم
+
+27
+00:01:55,960 --> 00:02:06,040
+موضوع المهارات الشخصية موضوع الخبرات نفكر بالإضافة
+
+28
+00:02:06,040 --> 00:02:12,980
+لمجالات خاصة بأمور شخصية وأمور نفسية وبدنية بمعنى
+
+29
+00:02:12,980 --> 00:02:17,100
+أمور سلوكية خاصة بهؤلاء الأفراد نضيف هذه ما هي
+
+30
+00:02:17,100 --> 00:02:20,620
+الأدوات والمهارات والإمكانيات والقدرات اللي موجودة
+
+31
+00:02:20,620 --> 00:02:24,600
+عندهم وليتمكنهم من أداء هذه المهام عشان هيك إحنا
+
+32
+00:02:24,600 --> 00:02:32,290
+ممكن الإطار العام اللي نرسمه هنا يمتد إلى العديد من
+
+33
+00:02:32,290 --> 00:02:40,270
+الأنشطة والمهارات المطلوب من الموظفين اكتسابها قبل 
+
+34
+00:02:40,270 --> 00:02:45,110
+وخلال تواجدهم في هذه المؤسسات ودائما نعوّل على
+
+35
+00:02:45,110 --> 00:02:51,600
+قدرات الموظفين إنها بتنمو وبتتطور مع تطور أدائهم و
+
+36
+00:02:51,600 --> 00:02:55,300
+أعمالهم ومهاراتهم داخل المؤسسة قيامهم بالمشاريع
+
+37
+00:02:55,300 --> 00:03:00,500
+إنجازهم للمهام المناط لهم وتحميلهم للمسؤوليات
+
+38
+00:03:00,500 --> 00:03:05,540
+معرفتهم بحقوقهم وواجباتهم قيامهم بتخطيط لأنفسهم 
+
+39
+00:03:05,960 --> 00:03:10,260
+وقيامهم بتنفيذ هذه الخطط وفق برنامج زمني محدد هذا
+
+40
+00:03:10,260 --> 00:03:15,560
+هو الذي يعزز دور العاملين ويفتح المجال لإمكانياتهم 
+
+41
+00:03:15,560 --> 00:03:19,720
+وقدراتهم أن تظهر إلى السطح وأن تكون هذه المؤسسة في
+
+42
+00:03:19,720 --> 00:03:25,560
+مصاف المؤسسات الفاعلة ورائدة داخل المجتمع الموجودة
+
+43
+00:03:25,560 --> 00:03:30,490
+خلينا نشوف بنوع من التفصيل ما هي أهم النقاط المطلوب
+
+44
+00:03:30,490 --> 00:03:34,650
+من الموظفين المحافظة عليها والإلمام بها أيضًا من
+
+45
+00:03:34,650 --> 00:03:39,350
+وظيفة نظر المؤسسة ما هي أهم النقاط التي ستأخذها في 
+
+46
+00:03:39,350 --> 00:03:43,410
+الحسبان أو معيار الاختيار لأفضل الكفاءات والعناصر 
+
+47
+00:03:43,410 --> 00:03:47,210
+اللي موجودين في المجتمع علشان نقدر نكون فاعلين في
+
+48
+00:03:47,210 --> 00:03:51,840
+هذا العمل موضوعنا أسس اختيار الموظفين ما هي
+
+49
+00:03:51,840 --> 00:03:58,000
+الاختيار؟ الاختيار هي عملية بيتم فيها انتقاء أفضل 
+
+50
+00:03:58,000 --> 00:04:02,900
+المرشحين لهذه الوظيفة نحتاج إلى مجموع من الموظفين 
+
+51
+00:04:02,900 --> 00:04:07,820
+أو الأفراد ذوي مقومات ومتطلبات لشغل هذه الوظيفة
+
+52
+00:04:07,820 --> 00:04:13,520
+يعني سبحان الله في قول الحق تعبارك تعالى في قصة
+
+53
+00:04:13,520 --> 00:04:21,740
+سيدنا موسى عندما ذهب ويعني إلى مدينة وسقى إلى 
+
+54
+00:04:21,740 --> 00:04:29,080
+المرأتين والقصة المشهورة عندما جاءته إحداهما على 
+
+55
+00:04:29,080 --> 00:04:34,860
+استحياء تطلبه لأن أبوها يريد أن يكافره على أجر ما 
+
+56
+00:04:34,860 --> 00:04:40,340
+سقى لهم فقايل في القرآن يا أبي استأجره إن خير من
+
+57
+00:04:40,340 --> 00:04:45,300
+استئجارك القوي الأمين هذه من معايير وضعت في القرآن
+
+58
+00:04:45,300 --> 00:04:53,220
+الكريم لإرشادنا لأفضل الأنواع الاختيار أو أفضل قيم
+
+59
+00:04:53,220 --> 00:04:58,210
+أو معيار الاختيار للموظفين القوي اللي هو اللي
+
+60
+00:04:58,210 --> 00:05:04,650
+بيتميز بالإمكانيات والقدرات الملائمة لمجال عمله
+
+61
+00:05:04,650 --> 00:05:11,490
+القوي جسمانيا في أمور تتطلب البنية الجسمانية القوي
+
+62
+00:05:11,490 --> 00:05:15,750
+في المهارات العقلية في الأمور تحتاج إلى الأمور
+
+63
+00:05:15,750 --> 00:05:20,920
+التحليلية والعقلية القوي في قدرته الملاحظة العالية
+
+64
+00:05:20,920 --> 00:05:26,000
+في الموضوع تحتاج إلى الملاحظة القوي في العلم الذي
+
+65
+00:05:26,000 --> 00:05:31,800
+قام بدراسته خلال وجوده وخبرات خلال سنوات ممتدة
+
+66
+00:05:31,800 --> 00:05:36,580
+وجوده في الجامعة أو دراسته في مواضيع مختلفة قوي في
+
+67
+00:05:36,580 --> 00:05:40,140
+مجال الهندسة قوي في مجال الطب قوي في مجال المحاسبة 
+
+68
+00:05:40,140 --> 00:05:44,630
+قوي في المجال المهني القوي هو الذي يمتلك القدرات و
+
+69
+00:05:44,630 --> 00:05:47,790
+الإمكانيات والمهارات والأدوات والخبرات و
+
+70
+00:05:47,790 --> 00:05:51,230
+الكفاءات ودائما الإطلاع في هذا المجال الأمين هي
+
+71
+00:05:51,230 --> 00:05:57,970
+صفة.. صفة خلقية والخلق.. الخلق دائما.. الخلق
+
+72
+00:05:57,970 --> 00:06:02,630
+هو دائما المعيار الأساسي في عملية الاختيار بمعنى إذا 
+
+73
+00:06:02,630 --> 00:06:06,390
+اتعرضنا إلى شخصين واحد فيه مميز من حيث الإمكانيات
+
+74
+00:06:06,390 --> 00:06:11,570
+الْمِهَنِيَّة والآخر أقل منه تميزاً لكن من كان أقل 
+
+75
+00:06:11,570 --> 00:06:16,130
+تميزاً كان درجة الخلقيّة عنده مرتفعة جداً والأمانة
+
+76
+00:06:16,130 --> 00:06:20,090
+عنده عالية جداً فهو المفضل في الاختيار عن الشخص
+
+77
+00:06:20,090 --> 00:06:23,330
+القوي في إمكانياته لكن ضعيف في أمانته أو ضعيف في
+
+78
+00:06:23,330 --> 00:06:28,930
+الجانب الأخلاقي اللي موجود لديه لماذا؟ لأن من يعني
+
+79
+00:06:28,930 --> 00:06:33,030
+يعوّل عليه في أداء العمل هو الأمين أو ذو الأخلاق 
+
+80
+00:06:33,030 --> 00:06:36,930
+الطيبة بالإضافة إلى أنه إذا كانت إمكانياته العلمية 
+
+81
+00:06:36,930 --> 00:06:40,830
+أو المهنية متوسطة نستطيع أن نطوّرها وليس العكس
+
+82
+00:06:40,830 --> 00:06:44,990
+صحيحا بمعنى من كانت أخلاقياته أو معياره من حيث 
+
+83
+00:06:44,990 --> 00:06:50,090
+الأمانة متوسطة من الصعوبة بمكان أنك أنت تعمل على
+
+84
+00:06:50,090 --> 00:06:54,450
+تطوير هذه الصفات الخلقيّة لأن هذه أمور متأصلة في
+
+85
+00:06:54,450 --> 00:06:57,430
+العادة وتحتاج إلى وقت ومجهود كبير وهداية من الله
+
+86
+00:06:57,430 --> 00:07:01,230
+رب العالمين والهداية إن شاء الله يعني للجميع وخاصة
+
+87
+00:07:01,230 --> 00:07:07,850
+للمحسنين الاختيار والمواصفات هي شغل شغل لشغل 
+
+88
+00:07:07,850 --> 00:07:12,430
+الوظائف وهذه الوظائف لماذا نضع فيها المواصفات
+
+89
+00:07:12,430 --> 00:07:16,990
+للاختيار لأنه إذا حرصنا على اختيار الفئات ذات 
+
+90
+00:07:16,990 --> 00:07:20,190
+الكفاءة المناسبة لهذه الوظيفة فالوظيفة ستتم على
+
+91
+00:07:20,190 --> 00:07:26,630
+أكمل وجهها لكن إذا كانت دخلة أمور تشوّه من هذا 
+
+92
+00:07:26,630 --> 00:07:31,270
+الاختيار وتضغط أو.. أو تب.. يعني تبعد.. تبعد 
+
+93
+00:07:31,270 --> 00:07:35,890
+الاختيار الصحيح أو يتم الاختيار الكفاءات ذات
+
+94
+00:07:35,890 --> 00:07:40,710
+المستوى الأقل من هذه الوظائف فلن نصل إلى تحقيق
+
+95
+00:07:40,710 --> 00:07:45,230
+الوظائف فإحنا سنضر بالوظيفة وسنضر بالمؤسسة نأخذ هذه
+
+96
+00:07:45,230 --> 00:07:48,270
+المعيار منها أقيم واحد المؤهل التعليمي بالنسبة
+
+97
+00:07:48,270 --> 00:07:53,150
+لمؤهل التعليمي كأول أدوات الاختيار التعليم هو
+
+98
+00:07:53,150 --> 00:07:59,430
+الأساس في اختيار الموظفين والعلم هو أساس الإنسان
+
+99
+00:07:59,430 --> 00:08:04,650
+رب العالمين سبحان الله أشار لي لموضوع أهمية التعليم
+
+100
+00:08:04,650 --> 00:08:06,150
+والعلم للإنسان
+
+101
+00:08:14,170 --> 00:08:17,550
+وإذ قال ربك للملائكة إني جاعلهم في الأرض خليفة
+
+102
+00:08:17,550 --> 00:08:20,770
+قالوا أتجعل فيها من يفسدوا فيها يسفكوا الدماء
+
+103
+00:08:20,770 --> 00:08:25,570
+ونحن نسبح بحمدك ونقدس لك إني أعلموا ما لا تعلمون
+
+104
+00:08:25,570 --> 00:08:31,550
+وعلم آدم الأسماء كلها ثم عرضهم على الملائكة فقال 
+
+105
+00:08:31,550 --> 00:08:36,750
+انبئوني بأسماء هؤلاء إن كنتم صادقين قالوا سبحانك 
+
+106
+00:08:36,750 --> 00:08:42,270
+لا علم لنا إلا ما علمتنا إنك أنت العليم الحكيم قال 
+
+107
+00:08:42,270 --> 00:08:46,870
+يا آدم أنبئهم بأسمائهم فلما أنبئهم بأسمائهم قال
+
+108
+00:08:46,870 --> 00:08:50,610
+ألم أقول لكم أني أعلم غيب السماوات والأرض وأعلم ما 
+
+109
+00:08:50,610 --> 00:08:58,490
+لا تعلمون وأعلم ما تبدون وما كنتم تكتمون
+
+110
+00:08:59,690 --> 00:09:05,030
+فتعليم رب العالمين لآدم هذه المنّة والفضل الكبير من
+
+111
+00:09:05,030 --> 00:09:10,570
+رب العالمين لبني آدم بموضوع التعليم فالتعليم أصبح 
+
+112
+00:09:10,570 --> 00:09:17,710
+هو السمة التي تميز الإنسان عن غيره من الكائنات أو
+
+113
+00:09:17,710 --> 00:09:21,750
+المخلوقات سبحان الله رب العالمين ونقطة هنا أود 
+
+114
+00:09:21,750 --> 00:09:26,690
+التأكيد عليها الإنسان قد يرث المال من والديه أو 
+
+115
+00:09:26,690 --> 00:09:33,350
+أقاربه الإنسان قد يرث الاسم أو الجاه أو المنصب من 
+
+116
+00:09:33,350 --> 00:09:41,910
+والديه أو أقاربه لكنه لن يرث العلم العلم تبنيه
+
+117
+00:09:41,910 --> 00:09:48,390
+بنفسك علمك معرفتك ثقافتك فهمك تبنيه كل إنسان يبنيه 
+
+118
+00:09:48,390 --> 00:09:54,160
+بنفسه وهو محاسب على هذا العلم ومحاسب على استخدامات
+
+119
+00:09:54,160 --> 00:09:57,580
+هذا العلم نرجع مرة أخرى إلى موضوع المؤهل التعليمي 
+
+120
+00:09:57,580 --> 00:10:00,440
+المؤهل التعليمي هو الأساس في اختيار المواد البشرية 
+
+121
+00:10:00,440 --> 00:10:04,220
+والمستوى العلمي المناسب لاحتياجات العمل هو ما 
+
+122
+00:10:04,220 --> 00:10:09,040
+نتطلع له لا نريد أفراد ذوي إمكانيات علمية أعلى 
+
+123
+00:10:09,040 --> 00:10:12,440
+Overqualified أعلى من الوظيفة أو احتياجات العمل
+
+124
+00:10:12,440 --> 00:10:17,100
+هذا لن يتلاءم مع العمل وأيضا عند اختيار الأفراد
+
+125
+00:10:17,100 --> 00:10:21,240
+ذوي الكفاءات الأقل كمؤهل تعليمي أقل من احتياجاتنا 
+
+126
+00:10:21,240 --> 00:10:24,380
+لهذه الوظيفة الصغيرة فسيكون ظلمنا هذه الوظيفة
+
+127
+00:10:24,380 --> 00:10:29,180
+الصغيرة فموضوع المؤهل التعليمي أمر هام وهو يعول
+
+128
+00:10:29,180 --> 00:10:32,880
+عليه بالدرجة العالية التي لا يمكن أن تنسوا عنها
+
+129
+00:10:32,880 --> 00:10:37,020
+مهما كان الأمر الثاني هو موضوع الخبرة موضوع الخبرة 
+
+130
+00:10:37,020 --> 00:10:41,720
+للمتقدمين ذوي الخبرات السابقة في مجالات عمل مختلفة
+
+131
+00:10:41,720 --> 00:10:45,340
+يستطيعوا فيها يؤكدوا على إمكانياتهم وجداراتهم في 
+
+132
+00:10:45,340 --> 00:10:49,950
+حصولهم على هذه الوظيفة مرة أخرى موضوع الخبرة قد 
+
+133
+00:10:49,950 --> 00:10:53,650
+يقول أحد الخريجين الجدد أنا لا أملك خبرة فلا أنا
+
+134
+00:10:53,650 --> 00:10:58,390
+أجد فرصة عمل هنا نؤكد دائماً على أن من يدخل الجامعة 
+
+135
+00:10:58,390 --> 00:11:01,630
+سواء كان لدراسة الـ diploma عامين أو أربع سنوات 
+
+136
+00:11:01,630 --> 00:11:05,390
+بكالوريوس أو حتى دراسة عليا توجه إليها مباشرة بعد
+
+137
+00:11:05,390 --> 00:11:10,370
+الـ بكالوريوس عليه أن يقوم بالتدريب أو التطوع أو 
+
+138
+00:11:10,370 --> 00:11:15,590
+العمل المجاني أو عمل بأي طريقة كانت مع أي مؤسسة 
+
+139
+00:11:16,130 --> 00:11:22,010
+بشرط أن تكون ذات خبرة في نفس المجال بمعنى طلابنا 
+
+140
+00:11:22,010 --> 00:11:24,790
+إدارة الأعمال أو المحاسبة أو خارجين كلية الاقتصاد 
+
+141
+00:11:24,790 --> 00:11:27,390
+والعلوم الإدارية عليهم أن يتوجهوا إلى المؤسسات
+
+142
+00:11:27,390 --> 00:11:31,390
+لطلب الخبرة وطلب التدريب العملي والتدريب الحقيقي 
+
+143
+00:11:31,390 --> 00:11:34,130
+الفعلي ويمارسوا هذا العمل خلال فترات الأجازات
+
+144
+00:11:34,130 --> 00:11:37,330
+الصيفية وخلال فترات الأجازة بين الفصلين وأيضًا خلال
+
+145
+00:11:37,330 --> 00:11:41,440
+وتواجدهم بالجامعة هذه هي الخبرة الحقيقية التي يحتاج
+
+146
+00:11:41,440 --> 00:11:46,360
+منها الطالب أن يصقل فيها علمه ويرى في الواقع
+
+147
+00:11:46,360 --> 00:11:51,280
+العملي خبراته مجسدة من خلال إنجازاته لأنشطة معينة
+
+148
+00:11:51,280 --> 00:11:54,420
+في هذه المؤسسات الموضوع الثالث هو صلاحية للعمل
+
+149
+00:11:54,650 --> 00:11:58,190
+صلاحية العمل، بعض الوظائف أو بعض العمال تحتاج إلى 
+
+150
+00:11:58,190 --> 00:12:03,110
+أفراد ذوي إمكانيات وصلاحيات أو مهارات مهمة معينة،
+
+151
+00:12:03,110 --> 00:12:07,010
+قدرات معينة، استعدادات أو مواهب معينة هذه الأمور
+
+152
+00:12:07,010 --> 00:12:11,970
+تتطلب من إدارة المؤسسات، المنظمات المجتمعية الغير 
+
+153
+00:12:11,970 --> 00:12:15,700
+حكومية أو منظمات غير حكومية أو منظمات المجتمع
+
+154
+00:12:15,700 --> 00:12:19,880
+المدني أن تركز في موضوع اختيارات هؤلاء الأفراد
+
+155
+00:12:19,880 --> 00:12:24,880
+تصرفاتهم، أسلوبهم، كلامهم، لباقتهم، بمعنى إذا أردنا
+
+156
+00:12:24,880 --> 00:12:28,620
+اختيار موظف في العلاقات العامة يجب أن يكون مظهره
+
+157
+00:12:28,620 --> 00:12:32,260
+وأسلوب كلامه وطريقة تعامله وطريقة احترامه مع
+
+158
+00:12:32,260 --> 00:12:38,320
+الآخرين مميزة جدًا هذه شرط أساسي لاختيارنا لهؤلاء
+
+159
+00:12:38,320 --> 00:12:42,710
+الموظفين، بعض الأفراد إمكانياتهم متواضعة في مجال
+
+160
+00:12:42,710 --> 00:12:46,430
+مخاطبتهم مع الجمهور أو قدرتهم في الإدارة السلوكية 
+
+161
+00:12:46,430 --> 00:12:51,830
+أو حسن التصرف مع الموظفين أو مع الجمهور متوسطة هذه
+
+162
+00:12:51,830 --> 00:12:56,750
+السلوكيات يفضل أن يوضع في وظائف بعيدة عن التواجه
+
+163
+00:12:56,750 --> 00:13:01,070
+مع الجمهور بطريقة مباشرة لكنهم سيبدأون في مجالهم،
+
+164
+00:13:01,070 --> 00:13:05,490
+سيبدأون في أماكنهم، أحيانًا نجد مثلًا موظفي
+
+165
+00:13:05,490 --> 00:13:08,370
+المتخصصين في مجال الحواسيب وتكنولوجيا المعلومات
+
+166
+00:13:08,370 --> 00:13:10,410
+قدرتهم عالية في التعامل مع الأدوات والأجهزة
+
+167
+00:13:10,410 --> 00:13:14,050
+الحاسوبية لكنهم متوسطة أو ضعيفة في تعاملهم مع
+
+168
+00:13:14,050 --> 00:13:17,970
+الأفراد وهذه يمكن لأنهم يقضون فترات طويلة وساعات
+
+169
+00:13:17,970 --> 00:13:25,490
+طويلة لعملهم داخل أماكن مغلقة ويتعاملون مباشرة مع
+
+170
+00:13:25,490 --> 00:13:28,510
+الأجهزة الحواسيب والبرامج المختلفة، القسم الرابع هي
+
+171
+00:13:28,510 --> 00:13:33,090
+الصفات الشخصية، الصفات الشخصية خاصة بالخلق والحسن
+
+172
+00:13:33,090 --> 00:13:38,130
+الخلق والاتزان الواعي بالمؤسسة وأهدافها، قدرته
+
+173
+00:13:38,130 --> 00:13:42,670
+كمهارات شخصية موجودة تتدرج سبحان الله بالنمو خلال
+
+174
+00:13:42,670 --> 00:13:47,320
+فترات عمره من حيث التعليم يؤثر فيه، والدين الإسلامي
+
+175
+00:13:47,320 --> 00:13:51,220
+والمنهج الإسلامي وأسلوب حياته مع زملائه وأقاربه
+
+176
+00:13:51,220 --> 00:13:55,280
+وأسلوب التعامل مع العقبات أو المشكلات، الصفات الشخصية
+
+177
+00:13:55,280 --> 00:13:58,460
+هذا أمر مهم جدًا، قدرته على الاتصال والتواصل، المهارات
+
+178
+00:13:58,460 --> 00:14:02,880
+الشخصية، المهارات السلوكية هذا أمر خاص وأمر مهم جدًا
+
+179
+00:14:03,210 --> 00:14:06,670
+لذلك نجد أن كثيرًا من البرامج التدريبية في المؤسسات
+
+180
+00:14:06,670 --> 00:14:09,570
+تركز على المهارات الشخصية أو المهارات الحياتية
+
+181
+00:14:09,570 --> 00:14:15,370
+وتحاول أن تعززها لتجعل هؤلاء الموظفين يكتسبون
+
+182
+00:14:15,370 --> 00:14:19,050
+إمكانيات تؤهلهم للعمل في المؤسسات المختلفة، القسم
+
+183
+00:14:19,050 --> 00:14:23,390
+الخامس، صفات نفسية، الاستقرار النفسي والقدرة على
+
+184
+00:14:23,390 --> 00:14:28,700
+التوجه دائمًا إلى الله عز وجل في الصعاب وفي
+
+185
+00:14:28,700 --> 00:14:35,000
+مجالات العمل ودائمًا رغبة في العمل مع الآخرين
+
+186
+00:14:35,000 --> 00:14:39,140
+بروح العمل الجماعي والتضحية من أجل نجاح المؤسسات
+
+187
+00:14:39,140 --> 00:14:45,370
+عدم الرغبة في الأنانية أو الظهور بمظهر يعني الانفراد
+
+188
+00:14:45,370 --> 00:14:51,450
+بهذا الشيء عن زملائه، ضبط النفس في فترات طويلة خاصة
+
+189
+00:14:51,450 --> 00:14:58,590
+بموضوع الصبر والحلم ورغبة فيه أن يكون دائمًا قدوة
+
+190
+00:14:58,590 --> 00:15:04,190
+حسنة لزملائه ودائمًا يضع مخافة رب العالمين وتقوى
+
+191
+00:15:04,190 --> 00:15:09,870
+الله عز وجل دائمًا بين عينيه في جميع الحالات، الصفة
+
+192
+00:15:09,870 --> 00:15:15,070
+السادسة هي اللياقة الجسمية، اللياقة الجسمية للموظفين
+
+193
+00:15:15,070 --> 00:15:24,330
+أمر هام جدًا وتعزز قيمة المؤسسة دائمًا، الإمكانيات
+
+194
+00:15:24,330 --> 00:15:31,150
+الموجودة عند الإنسان لا حصر لها من بنية جسدية وبنية
+
+195
+00:15:31,150 --> 00:15:35,210
+نفسية وبنية عقلية، رب العالمين خلق الإنسان في
+
+196
+00:15:35,210 --> 00:15:39,390
+أفضل صورة، هذه المؤسسات تحاول أن تميز ما بين
+
+197
+00:15:39,390 --> 00:15:43,590
+الموظفين في انتقاء بعض الموظفين التي تناسب أو تظهر
+
+198
+00:15:43,590 --> 00:15:47,950
+المؤسسة بمظهر المؤسسة القوية الجادة وعندها قدرة
+
+199
+00:15:47,950 --> 00:15:52,150
+عالية على الإنجاز والثقة فيها والمصداقية عندها أمر
+
+200
+00:15:52,150 --> 00:15:57,350
+هام جدًا، ننتقل لنقطة مهمة أخرى هي موضوع أهمية
+
+201
+00:15:57,350 --> 00:16:03,590
+الاختيار الأمثل، أهمية الاختيار تكمن في نجاح
+
+202
+00:16:03,590 --> 00:16:08,300
+المؤسسات، بمعنى الفعالية في عملية الاختيار تؤدي إلى
+
+203
+00:16:08,300 --> 00:16:13,100
+فعالية في أداء المؤسسات لأعمالها، تحمل المنظمة 
+
+204
+00:16:13,100 --> 00:16:17,480
+مسؤولياتها، تعول على برامجها في عملية الاختيار
+
+205
+00:16:17,480 --> 00:16:23,100
+قدرة المؤسسة في توظيف أفضل الكفاءات المتقدمة لها
+
+206
+00:16:23,100 --> 00:16:27,040
+تعتمد على الموضوعية وعلاقاتها الطيبة مع المؤسسات
+
+207
+00:16:27,040 --> 00:16:29,660
+المختلفة سواء وزارات رسمية أو تجارية أو مؤسسات
+
+208
+00:16:29,660 --> 00:16:34,880
+أهلية، لأن هؤلاء الموظفين هم حلقة وصل، اختيارهم
+
+209
+00:16:34,880 --> 00:16:39,800
+من البداية كموظفين فاعلين في المؤسسة يفتح باب جيد
+
+210
+00:16:39,800 --> 00:16:43,100
+جدا للتعامل مع مختلف المؤسسات وبالتالي تحقيق
+
+211
+00:16:43,100 --> 00:16:49,700
+المؤسسة لإنجازاتها بطريقة مميزة، دائمًا المكاسب التي
+
+212
+00:16:49,700 --> 00:16:53,080
+تطمح هذه المنظمة من موضوع الاختيار أو كرد فعل أو
+
+213
+00:16:53,080 --> 00:16:58,360
+كنتيجة إيجابية أو كثمار تظهر على المؤسسة من خلال
+
+214
+00:16:58,360 --> 00:17:03,220
+مناج الاختيار الجيد للموظفين، الإنتاجية من سلع
+
+215
+00:17:03,220 --> 00:17:06,780
+وخدمات وأنشطة وبرامج وفعاليات وأهداف تتزايد بشكل
+
+216
+00:17:06,780 --> 00:17:11,980
+ملحوظ، سمعة المنظمة ومظهرها واحترام الناس فيها
+
+217
+00:17:11,980 --> 00:17:17,900
+ووجودها في المجتمع وقدرتها لتحقيق الإنجازات وأيضًا
+
+218
+00:17:17,900 --> 00:17:21,490
+قدرتها على المحافظة على الموظفين وإبقائهم لديها
+
+219
+00:17:21,490 --> 00:17:24,930
+لفترات طويلة أيضًا هذا يعتمد على حسن اختيارهم
+
+220
+00:17:24,930 --> 00:17:28,670
+للموظفين، الموظف المناسب يوضع في الوظيفة المناسبة
+
+221
+00:17:28,670 --> 00:17:31,770
+بالتالي نضمن نجاح هذه الوظيفة واستقرار هذه الوظيفة
+
+222
+00:17:31,770 --> 00:17:34,710
+وقدرة هذه الوظيفة على خدمة باقي الوظائف داخل
+
+223
+00:17:34,710 --> 00:17:41,330
+المؤسسة، أمر مهم لنشرحها، المؤسسة في ختام جزئية
+
+224
+00:17:41,330 --> 00:17:47,300
+الخاصة بمعيار الاختيار ننصح إن دائرة شؤون الموظفين
+
+225
+00:17:47,300 --> 00:17:52,940
+تضع قائمة والقائمة checklist بسيطة فيها مجموعة من
+
+226
+00:17:52,940 --> 00:17:56,580
+البنود، ويضع لكل بند من هذه البنود لها
+
+227
+00:17:56,580 --> 00:18:02,040
+درجة معينة، والاستمارة هذه للمتقدمين لشغل هذه
+
+228
+00:18:02,040 --> 00:18:05,200
+الوظيفة، توزع هذه الاستمارات على لجنة الاختيار
+
+229
+00:18:05,200 --> 00:18:10,280
+اثنين أو ثلاثة أشخاص وكل واحد فيهم يقيم الموظف
+
+230
+00:18:10,280 --> 00:18:15,500
+المتقدم من وجهة نظره الموضوعية اللي بدون أي تحيز
+
+231
+00:18:15,500 --> 00:18:22,020
+أو أمور شخصية ليضع درجات في مقابل هذه البنود
+
+232
+00:18:22,020 --> 00:18:24,360
+المختلفة اللي ذكرناها
+
+233
+00:18:27,050 --> 00:18:30,650
+نأمل من الجميع الاستفادة إن شاء الله وأن يكون هذا
+
+234
+00:18:30,650 --> 00:18:35,750
+الأمر يعني خادمًا لهم في تطوير مهاراتهم وفي تعزيز
+
+235
+00:18:35,750 --> 00:18:39,730
+دور المؤسسات لاختيار موظفيهم، نتقن في رعاية الله
+
+236
+00:18:39,730 --> 00:18:42,070
+وتغفيره والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

PL9fwy3NUQKwbqRqP24yHh6436xDshIebX/5aEERptH7Xg.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,595 @@
+1
+00:00:05,350 --> 00:00:08,310
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والحمد لله رب العالمين
+
+2
+00:00:08,310 --> 00:00:12,290
+لقاءنا الآن في موضوع أهمية تنمية الموارد البشرية في
+
+3
+00:00:12,290 --> 00:00:19,350
+المنظمات غير الحكومية وبالنسبة للأفراد أو الكوادر
+
+4
+00:00:19,350 --> 00:00:23,130
+أو الكفاءات التي موجودة في منظمات العمل غير
+
+5
+00:00:23,130 --> 00:00:28,650
+الحكومي أو من أنظمة العمل الخيري نريد أن نجعل هناك
+
+6
+00:00:28,650 --> 00:00:33,670
+صورة أو تصور من هم ممكن يكونوا أفراد يعملون في هذه
+
+7
+00:00:33,670 --> 00:00:41,990
+المؤسسات فإذا جعلنا مؤسسة غير حكومية أو بنقول
+
+8
+00:00:41,990 --> 00:00:45,810
+عليها مؤسسة NGO Non-Government Organization أو
+
+9
+00:00:45,810 --> 00:00:51,370
+منظمة غير 
+
+10
+00:00:51,370 --> 00:00:51,990
+حكومية
+
+11
+00:00:55,650 --> 00:01:01,670
+أو منظمات للعمل الخيري أو 
+
+12
+00:01:01,670 --> 00:01:05,070
+قائمة على النظام النقابي مثل نقابة المهندسين أو
+
+13
+00:01:05,070 --> 00:01:09,850
+الإداريين أو المحاسبين أو الأطباء سنجد أن هناك العديد
+
+14
+00:01:09,850 --> 00:01:16,710
+من الأفراد يعملون في هذه المؤسسات وهؤلاء
+
+15
+00:01:16,710 --> 00:01:22,790
+الأفراد هم من يقومون بجميع الأنشطة المطلوبة منهم 
+
+16
+00:01:22,790 --> 00:01:23,990
+داخل هذه المؤسسات
+
+17
+00:01:27,070 --> 00:01:31,370
+وبدون المهارات والإمكانيات وتطوير قدراتهم بطريقة 
+
+18
+00:01:31,370 --> 00:01:35,430
+مستمرة لن تستطيع المؤسسة تحقيق إنجازاتها أو 
+
+19
+00:01:35,430 --> 00:01:44,070
+أهدافها من هذه الأعمال ممكن
+
+20
+00:01:44,070 --> 00:01:48,930
+أيضًا نتوسع قدر الإمكان في هؤلاء الأفراد لأن هذه
+
+21
+00:01:48,930 --> 00:01:54,770
+المؤسسات كمباني وكإنشاءات ليست هي الأساس في وجود
+
+22
+00:01:54,770 --> 00:01:59,430
+الأنشطة لكن هؤلاء الأفراد هم من يجدون هذه الأنشطة
+
+23
+00:01:59,430 --> 00:02:04,050
+ويترجمون قيمة المؤسسة في الآخر إلى مجموع من المنتجات
+
+24
+00:02:04,050 --> 00:02:09,150
+والخدمات والأدوات والأساليب والوصول إلى الفئات 
+
+25
+00:02:09,150 --> 00:02:13,630
+المستهدفة لو 
+
+26
+00:02:13,630 --> 00:02:19,780
+فكرنا بوجود موظفين كالعادة هؤلاء الموظفين هم من
+
+27
+00:02:19,780 --> 00:02:24,940
+يقومون بهذا العمل هم من يقومون بالحضور هم من 
+
+28
+00:02:24,940 --> 00:02:29,240
+يقومون برسم الخطط هم من يسجلون الأفكار هم من يضعون 
+
+29
+00:02:29,240 --> 00:02:33,950
+المبادرات هم من يقومون بالتنفيذ منهم المحاسب ومنهم
+
+30
+00:02:33,950 --> 00:02:37,870
+الإداري ومنهم السكرتير ومنهم الذي يقوم بالعمل 
+
+31
+00:02:37,870 --> 00:02:42,010
+الميداني ومنهم المتخصص في المجال الخدمي يعني إذا
+
+32
+00:02:42,010 --> 00:02:45,210
+خدمة خاصة بالأطفال هذه احتياجات خاصة سنلاقي فيهم
+
+33
+00:02:45,210 --> 00:02:48,630
+المختصين في النواحي العقلية في النواحي البدنية في
+
+34
+00:02:48,630 --> 00:02:52,390
+النواحي النفسية في النواحي الخاصة بالتغذية فسنجد
+
+35
+00:02:52,390 --> 00:02:57,190
+موظفين بأشكال مختلفة أيضًا هناك فئات مهمة هم
+
+36
+00:02:57,190 --> 00:03:02,830
+المتطوعون أو المتطوعات المتطوعون هم مجموعة من
+
+37
+00:03:02,830 --> 00:03:07,090
+الأفراد الذين يأتون إلى المؤسسة إلى العمل وليس
+
+38
+00:03:07,090 --> 00:03:12,170
+بقصد الحصول على راتب العمل في صورة خدمة لهذه
+
+39
+00:03:12,170 --> 00:03:17,550
+المؤسسة وتوفير لهم مجموعة من الخبرات المتطوعون هم
+
+40
+00:03:17,550 --> 00:03:21,950
+أفراد يهدفون إلى الحصول على الخبرات وتقديم خدمتهم
+
+41
+00:03:21,950 --> 00:03:28,490
+للمجتمع بمعنى أنا أهدف كموظف إلى إنجاز مجموعة من
+
+42
+00:03:28,490 --> 00:03:34,910
+الأنشطة لكني أنا أتقاضى راتبًا وأنا عندي برنامج عمل 
+
+43
+00:03:34,910 --> 00:03:39,010
+واضح ووجودي على الهيكلية بطريقة واضحة وما هي
+
+44
+00:03:39,010 --> 00:03:43,670
+السلطات ومسؤولياتي؟ في هناك سلطة وفي علينا مسؤولية وفي
+
+45
+00:03:43,670 --> 00:03:48,770
+علينا محاسبة موجودة وفي عندي تقرير محاسبة وفي عندي
+
+46
+00:03:48,770 --> 00:03:53,950
+تقرير أرفعه في قلية عمل في نظام كموظف هناك نظام يحكم
+
+47
+00:03:53,950 --> 00:03:58,070
+العمل داخل هذه المنظمة هناك نظام system هذا النظام
+
+48
+00:03:58,070 --> 00:04:01,970
+هو من يجعل الموظف له الطابع الرسمي داخل المؤسسة
+
+49
+00:04:01,970 --> 00:04:07,290
+بمعنى الموظف هو طابع رسمي داخل المؤسسة من الجانب 
+
+50
+00:04:07,290 --> 00:04:15,650
+الآخر هناك المتطوعون المتطوعون لا يوجد راتب لا
+
+51
+00:04:15,650 --> 00:04:21,370
+هيكلية قد يوجد في مجال العمل في أنشطة معينة، فقط
+
+52
+00:04:21,370 --> 00:04:28,650
+أنشطة برغبة إنه عمل بدون أجر، يهدف إلى الخبرة، يهدف
+
+53
+00:04:28,650 --> 00:04:32,550
+إلى بناء علاقات، يهدف إلى تأدية واجب، قد يكون 
+
+54
+00:04:32,550 --> 00:04:36,840
+أيضًا تأدية واجب، يعني أحيانًا بعض الأشخاص يتم
+
+55
+00:04:36,840 --> 00:04:39,620
+عقابهم بأن تديهم بعض المؤسسات عشان يخدموا في هذه 
+
+56
+00:04:39,620 --> 00:04:42,880
+المؤسسات وبعض الأفراد في المؤسسات الأكاديمية
+
+57
+00:04:42,880 --> 00:04:46,860
+يهدفون يعني نعطيهم تخصص أن يذهبوا للمؤسسات الخيرية
+
+58
+00:04:46,860 --> 00:04:50,480
+لهدف الحصول على خبرات موجودة أو لاستكمال متطلبات
+
+59
+00:04:50,480 --> 00:04:55,160
+المساق أو كتابة تقارير معينة أو أبحاث طيب من
+
+60
+00:04:55,160 --> 00:04:59,010
+كمان عندنا من الأفراد؟ هناك أيضًا مجلس الإدارة بعد
+
+61
+00:04:59,010 --> 00:05:01,650
+أن نتكلم على الموظفين مجلس الإدارة أو خدمة أو
+
+62
+00:05:01,650 --> 00:05:05,190
+مؤسسات المجتمع المحلي لو كتبت هنا في عندنا مجلس 
+
+63
+00:05:05,190 --> 00:05:12,430
+إدارة نتكلم على ناس من المجتمع المحلي نتكلم على
+
+64
+00:05:12,430 --> 00:05:20,140
+بعض أطراف أخرى قد تكون أطراف حكومية أو أطراف قطاع
+
+65
+00:05:20,140 --> 00:05:25,500
+خاص أو مؤسسات دولية هؤلاء أيضًا أطراف لهم علاقات 
+
+66
+00:05:25,500 --> 00:05:30,700
+مهمة لكن ليس هم من موظفي المؤسسة يعني هناخدهم في
+
+67
+00:05:30,700 --> 00:05:33,920
+جانب منفصل وليس في هذا الفصل الذي هو هيتكلم أساسًا
+
+68
+00:05:33,920 --> 00:05:39,010
+على الموظفين وعلى المتطوعين وسنفرض أمور تفصيلية عن
+
+69
+00:05:39,010 --> 00:05:42,110
+الموظفين نتكلم عنهم وعلى المتطوعين نتكلم عنهم على 
+
+70
+00:05:42,110 --> 00:05:46,230
+مجلس الإدارة بطريقة عامة نتكلم عنهم وهنا سنلاقي
+
+71
+00:05:46,230 --> 00:05:51,190
+عدد كبير من الناس الذين لهم رغبة في دعم هذه المؤسسات
+
+72
+00:05:51,190 --> 00:05:56,010
+عن بعد يعني تقديم مساعدات من أطراف من الدول العربية
+
+73
+00:05:56,010 --> 00:06:00,090
+إلى مؤسساتنا المحلية موجودة في فلسطين من مؤسسات
+
+74
+00:06:00,090 --> 00:06:02,870
+أجنبية إلى مؤسساتنا المحلية موجودة في فلسطين ففي
+
+75
+00:06:02,870 --> 00:06:09,180
+ناس يعني مختفون على الأنظار جنود مجهولون سخر 
+
+76
+00:06:09,180 --> 00:06:14,100
+مجهولون لكنهم يقدمون العديد من المساعدات والعون
+
+77
+00:06:14,100 --> 00:06:18,040
+للمؤسسات غير الحكومية أيضًا لأن كل ذلك كله احترام
+
+78
+00:06:18,040 --> 00:06:23,000
+وتقدير ممكن نعيد هذه التقسيمة إلى أربعة أطراف رئيسية
+
+79
+00:06:23,000 --> 00:06:28,740
+بشكل مختلف الأربعة أطراف الرئيسية في جدول بسيط 
+
+80
+00:06:28,740 --> 00:06:33,020
+الجدول نتكلم فيه على المتطوعين
+
+81
+00:06:35,330 --> 00:06:40,870
+نتكلم على ناس أصحاب وظيفة، ناس أصحاب مهنة، وناس
+
+82
+00:06:40,870 --> 00:06:45,030
+أصحاب ريادة أعمال لأن دائمًا أصحاب ريادة الأعمال هم 
+
+83
+00:06:45,030 --> 00:06:52,350
+ناس أصحاب رغبات في الإبداع وتقدير أفكار جديدة نلقي
+
+84
+00:06:52,350 --> 00:06:56,490
+في عجلة بعض الأفكار أو نستعرض بعض الأفكار السريعة
+
+85
+00:06:56,490 --> 00:06:59,650
+في هذا الموضوع الذي هو خاص بأهمية تنمية المجموعات
+
+86
+00:06:59,650 --> 00:07:03,730
+البشرية وتعزيز دور المؤسسات في خدمة المجتمع نستكمل
+
+87
+00:07:03,730 --> 00:07:07,790
+تعريفات خاصة بدكتور جمال عبدو بأن العمل الخيري 
+
+88
+00:07:07,790 --> 00:07:11,630
+يحتاج... العمل الخيري يحتاج إلى أفراد من جميع فئات
+
+89
+00:07:11,630 --> 00:07:19,330
+المجتمع وكل يساهم في تطوير وتنمية العمل في هذه
+
+90
+00:07:19,330 --> 00:07:23,330
+المؤسسات وبالتالي استفادة المجتمع منها وقد تكون 
+
+91
+00:07:23,330 --> 00:07:28,250
+هذه الاستفادة تتجاوز الحدود الجغرافية للبلد وتذهب 
+
+92
+00:07:28,250 --> 00:07:34,340
+إلى بلاد أخرى أو مناطق إقليمية مجاورة وهذه كلها دعم
+
+93
+00:07:34,340 --> 00:07:37,840
+لتطوير العمل الخيري داخل المؤسسات العنصر البشري هو
+
+94
+00:07:37,840 --> 00:07:41,880
+العنصر الحاكم العنصر البشري بكل فئاته وثقافته
+
+95
+00:07:41,880 --> 00:07:45,960
+وخبراته واستعداداته وإمكانياته هو من يطور الجوانب
+
+96
+00:07:45,960 --> 00:07:48,460
+الاقتصادية والتعليمية والتربوية والصناعية
+
+97
+00:07:48,460 --> 00:07:51,740
+والزراعية والاجتماعية والصحية للمؤسسات بمعنى 
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+98
+00:07:51,740 --> 00:07:56,950
+مؤسسات العمل الخيري تتعدد مجالات عملها وبالتالي جميع
+
+99
+00:07:56,950 --> 00:08:00,810
+الأفراد مرحب بهم للعمل في هذه المؤسسات كلهم على
+
+100
+00:08:00,810 --> 00:08:04,810
+حسب اختصاصه وعلى رغبته في أداء وتطوير العمل داخل 
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+101
+00:08:04,810 --> 00:08:10,330
+هذه المؤسسات وخدمة أبناء شعبه من المنطقة الموجودة
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+102
+00:08:10,330 --> 00:08:16,030
+فيها أهم شيء تمتلكه المؤسسات هو العنصر البشري قيمة
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+103
+00:08:16,030 --> 00:08:21,490
+المؤسسات الفعلية هي قوة قيمة وقوة رجالها و
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+104
+00:08:21,490 --> 00:08:25,790
+أنظمتها الموجودة المبنية على الموارد البشرية التي
+
+105
+00:08:25,790 --> 00:08:29,210
+موجودة كل ما ساهمنا في تطوير الموارد البشرية كل ما
+
+106
+00:08:29,210 --> 00:08:31,870
+ساهمنا في تطوير أهداف المنظمات الخيرية قدرتها على 
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+107
+00:08:31,870 --> 00:08:36,310
+تحقيق الإنجازات نجاح هذه المؤسسات مرتبط بشكل رئيسي
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+108
+00:08:36,310 --> 00:08:39,650
+على مدى تفوق وتطور القوة العاملة التي موجودة 
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+109
+00:08:39,650 --> 00:08:43,630
+وعيها بأهمية دورها في المجتمع دعمًا لتطور المؤسسات
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+110
+00:08:43,630 --> 00:08:48,210
+وتطور المجتمعات تعتمد في الأصل على الموارد البشرية
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+111
+00:08:48,210 --> 00:08:52,150
+كأفراد بمعنى تطوير الفرد يساوي تطوير المؤسسة يساوي
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+112
+00:08:52,150 --> 00:08:55,650
+تطوير المجتمع طيب تطوير الفرد يعتمد على تنمية 
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+113
+00:08:55,650 --> 00:08:59,550
+الخبرات والمهارات التعليم التدريب من وقت لآخر
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+114
+00:09:00,020 --> 00:09:04,200
+هذه الأمور هي التي تزيد أو تعمل على تطوير كفاءات أولية
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+115
+00:09:04,200 --> 00:09:07,880
+للأفراد وتزيد الخبرة التي لديهم للعمل وجعل
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+116
+00:09:07,880 --> 00:09:12,520
+الإنتاجية عندهم مرتفعة ومعنى الإنتاجية نقدم منتجات
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+117
+00:09:12,520 --> 00:09:15,540
+من سلع وخدمات ومن أنشطة ودائمًا نكون فاعلين في 
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+118
+00:09:15,540 --> 00:09:19,580
+المجتمع المنظمة تسعى بطريقة مستمرة دائمًا لوجودها
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+119
+00:09:19,580 --> 00:09:23,620
+في مصاف باقي المنظمات رغبتها في أن تكون دائمًا في
+
+120
+00:09:23,620 --> 00:09:27,520
+الميدان وهذا يساعد على أنها دائمًا تنظر بعين 
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+121
+00:09:27,520 --> 00:09:31,380
+الاهتمام بالموارد البشرية والقوة العاملة التي لديها
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+122
+00:09:31,380 --> 00:09:35,100
+هي الأساس في جعلها تصل إلى المراتب التي تسعى إلى
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+123
+00:09:35,100 --> 00:09:40,640
+الحصول عليها دائمًا إذا فكرنا في القوة البشرية نريد
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+124
+00:09:40,640 --> 00:09:43,980
+أن نركز على فئتين نوعين مهمين داخل المجتمع
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+125
+00:09:43,980 --> 00:09:47,110
+المجتمعات الخيرية الفئة الأولى فئة الموظفين والفئة 
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+126
+00:09:47,110 --> 00:09:51,810
+الأخرى فئة المتطوعين ودائمًا المتطوعون لهم تأثير
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+127
+00:09:51,810 --> 00:09:55,670
+عالي جدًا لأنهم أصحاب ابتكارات وأفكار إبداعية وأفكار
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+128
+00:09:55,670 --> 00:09:59,810
+إبداعية ورغبة في العمل لخدمة المجتمع و
+
+129
+00:09:59,810 --> 00:10:05,230
+لخدمة أبناء وطنهم ودائمًا في الحصول على الخبرة وأول
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+130
+00:10:05,230 --> 00:10:09,070
+عن آخر رضا رب العالمين عنهم وتيسير أمورهم
+
+131
+00:10:09,070 --> 00:10:13,210
+فبالتالي نحن سنتناول هنا بالتفصيل دور المتطوعين
+
+132
+00:10:13,210 --> 00:10:16,860
+والتطوع له دور مهم جدًا في عملها في عمل المنظمات
+
+133
+00:10:16,860 --> 00:10:22,280
+غير الحكومية داخل المؤسسات المختلفة نتكلم على 
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+134
+00:10:22,280 --> 00:10:26,400
+مسؤولياتهم وواجباتهم مهامهم وقدراتهم على إنجاز
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+135
+00:10:26,400 --> 00:10:32,100
+أعمالهم بطريقة تكون فاعلة لتحقيق إنجازات المؤسسة
+
+136
+00:10:32,100 --> 00:10:39,600
+نحن هنا في نهاية هذه البداية التي توضح أهمية ودور
+
+137
+00:10:39,600 --> 00:10:46,420
+العنصر البشري بفئاته الموظفين والمتطوعين لوضع 
+
+138
+00:10:46,420 --> 00:10:51,020
+بداية الطريق لعمل المؤسسة بطريقة فاعلة بمعنى أنا
+
+139
+00:10:51,020 --> 00:10:55,320
+كمؤسسة عندي رغبة في عمل مبادرة عمل نشاط فأول ما
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+140
+00:10:55,320 --> 00:11:03,220
+أسعى إليه يكون برغبتي في أن يكون أفرادي سواء موظفين
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+141
+00:11:03,220 --> 00:11:07,300
+موجودين حتى لو محدودي عددهم والمتطوعين يعملوا
+
+142
+00:11:07,620 --> 00:11:13,480
+بتكاتف ورغبة في وضع النشاط في صورة أو المبادرة في
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+143
+00:11:13,480 --> 00:11:16,980
+صورة مجموعة من الأنشطة والمهام الفرعية التي تستطيع
+
+144
+00:11:16,980 --> 00:11:22,320
+أن مجموعة الأيادي الممتدة داخل المؤسسة لتحقيق هذا
+
+145
+00:11:22,320 --> 00:11:25,020
+الإنجاز أو وضع النشاط تتعاون وتتكاتف مع بعضها
+
+146
+00:11:25,020 --> 00:11:29,280
+البعض، وبالتالي الموظف والمتطوع هما الاثنان صفًا
+
+147
+00:11:29,280 --> 00:11:33,920
+واحدًا وجنبًا إلى جنب لتحقيق إنجازات خاصة بالمؤسسة 
+
+148
+00:11:33,920 --> 00:11:37,620
+نتوقف في رعاية الله وتوفيقه والسلام عليكم ورحمة 
+
+149
+00:11:37,620 --> 00:11:38,160
+الله وبركاته 

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+1
+00:00:04,940 --> 00:00:07,880
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والحمد لله رب العالمين
+
+2
+00:00:07,880 --> 00:00:13,420
+والصلاة والسلام على سيدنا محمد الآن موضوعنا اللي
+
+3
+00:00:13,420 --> 00:00:17,480
+هو أهمية المواد البشرية في المنظمات الغير حكومية
+
+4
+00:00:17,480 --> 00:00:22,840
+أو في منظمات العمل الخيري المواد البشرية داخل
+
+5
+00:00:22,840 --> 00:00:28,650
+المؤسسةهما الجوهر أو هما المحرك الرئيسي لمجال عمل
+
+6
+00:00:28,650 --> 00:00:32,210
+هذه المؤسسات وهو الدافع الرئيسي لانطلاق هذه
+
+7
+00:00:32,210 --> 00:00:35,850
+المؤسسات وتحقيق أهدافها وإنجازاتها داخل المؤسسة
+
+8
+00:00:35,850 --> 00:00:42,830
+بمعنى أن كل مؤسسة عندها من الذكاء ومن الفطنةالقدر
+
+9
+00:00:42,830 --> 00:00:48,030
+المناسب تستطيع أن تميز ما بين ما يتوفر لديها من
+
+10
+00:00:48,030 --> 00:00:53,530
+أفراد داخل المؤسسات أو المؤسسات المجارة أو حتى
+
+11
+00:00:53,530 --> 00:00:56,630
+الخارجين الموجودين أو الفرص المتراحة من طالبي
+
+12
+00:00:56,630 --> 00:01:02,870
+التوظيف لتستطيع أن تأخذ منهم أفضل الكفاءات
+
+13
+00:01:02,870 --> 00:01:08,020
+الموجودةوتستقطب منهم أحسن الإمكانيات والقدرات اللي
+
+14
+00:01:08,020 --> 00:01:13,500
+موجودة بمعنى اجتهاد هذه المؤسسات على انتقاء أفضل
+
+15
+00:01:13,500 --> 00:01:18,060
+العناصر الموجودين من المواد البشرية يساوي تحقيق
+
+16
+00:01:18,060 --> 00:01:22,460
+إنجازات جيدة وموازية لكفاءة هذه الأفراد في المؤسسة
+
+17
+00:01:22,460 --> 00:01:28,500
+اللي قد تكون أعلىبمعنى أن المؤسسات الناجحة تعتمد
+
+18
+00:01:28,500 --> 00:01:34,760
+على موظفين دو خبرات وإمكانيات مميزة فهنا البداية
+
+19
+00:01:34,760 --> 00:01:40,000
+تكون باختيار العنصر الطيب المناسب لمجال عمله ومجال
+
+20
+00:01:40,000 --> 00:01:44,420
+أنجطته داخل المؤسسة الاختيار هو عنصر أساسي طب
+
+21
+00:01:44,420 --> 00:01:48,560
+والاختيار يتبع أيضا مراحل تانية من تطويريعني إذا
+
+22
+00:01:48,560 --> 00:01:52,400
+احنا تخيلنا وجود مؤسسة مجتمع مدني أو مجموعة مؤسسات
+
+23
+00:01:52,400 --> 00:01:56,100
+من المجتمع المدني هذه المؤسسات زي ما كتبنا اللي هي
+
+24
+00:01:56,100 --> 00:02:01,700
+الـ NGOs اللي موجودة أو منظمات منظمات الغير حكومية
+
+25
+00:02:01,700 --> 00:02:08,990
+الغير حكومية هذه المنظماتتواجه مجتمع مليء
+
+26
+00:02:08,990 --> 00:02:12,550
+بالكفاءات والقدرات والإمكانيات التي تطلب التوظيف
+
+27
+00:02:12,550 --> 00:02:17,390
+طب أيهم أفضل؟ هل أنا ألجأ لبعض الأفراد دوي
+
+28
+00:02:17,390 --> 00:02:21,450
+الإمكانيات المتوسطة والمتواضعة أم أذهب لأبحث عن
+
+29
+00:02:21,450 --> 00:02:26,210
+الفرد المميز دوي الإمكانيات العالية؟ بمعنى نحاول
+
+30
+00:02:26,210 --> 00:02:32,690
+أن نجد من هناك يكونوا مميزاً لنضيفه إلى كادر العمل
+
+31
+00:02:32,690 --> 00:02:37,600
+داخل المؤسسات العديد من الأفراد متاحينوهؤلاء
+
+32
+00:02:37,600 --> 00:02:41,080
+الأفراد فعلًا يتميزوا بين الإمكانيات والكفاءات لكن
+
+33
+00:02:41,080 --> 00:02:45,480
+نريد اختيار كفاءات مميزة وهذه الاختيار نبدأ في
+
+34
+00:02:45,480 --> 00:02:51,580
+مرحلة أولى مرحلة الاختيار واختيارنا الطيب معناها
+
+35
+00:02:51,580 --> 00:02:55,560
+مؤسسة ناجحة فالمواد البشرية مهمة جدا لنجاح
+
+36
+00:02:55,560 --> 00:03:01,900
+المؤسسات هناك أيضًا مرحلة التدريب هناك مرحلة
+
+37
+00:03:01,900 --> 00:03:05,140
+التطوير
+
+38
+00:03:06,770 --> 00:03:12,910
+إكساب الخبرات كل هذه المراحل تضيف إلى المؤسسات طيب
+
+39
+00:03:12,910 --> 00:03:19,610
+إذا نظرنا من نقطة بداية بعين تريد أن تبحث على أفضل
+
+40
+00:03:19,610 --> 00:03:23,770
+العناصر والإمكانيات المتاحة لهذه الأفراد هنجد أن
+
+41
+00:03:23,770 --> 00:03:27,390
+موضوع الاستقطاب يشغل
+
+42
+00:03:28,890 --> 00:03:34,450
+رأي واهتمام هذه المؤسسات إدارة هذه المؤسسات دائما
+
+43
+00:03:34,450 --> 00:03:38,830
+تبحث على موضوع الاستقطاب كيف نجد أفضل العناصر ومن
+
+44
+00:03:38,830 --> 00:03:43,390
+أين نستطيع الحصول عليها وما هي الأدوات والنماذج
+
+45
+00:03:43,390 --> 00:03:48,270
+والإجراءات والأليات لتجعلنا نحصل على أفضل هذه
+
+46
+00:03:48,270 --> 00:03:51,450
+العناصر بموضوع الاستقطاب كيف نجدب هؤلاء الأفراد
+
+47
+00:03:51,450 --> 00:03:58,490
+لمؤسستنا وكيف نقرر عملية الاختيارفالاختيار هي
+
+48
+00:03:58,490 --> 00:04:02,790
+مرحلة الاستقطاب هو مبدأ أساسي كل ما كان الاستقطاب
+
+49
+00:04:02,790 --> 00:04:06,190
+عندى عدد كبير من الأفراد استطيع ان اختار منهم أفضل
+
+50
+00:04:06,190 --> 00:04:11,530
+الناس اللى موجوديندائما نبحث على أفضل الناس و أفضل
+
+51
+00:04:11,530 --> 00:04:15,530
+الكفاءات و ليس أفضل الموجودين مرة أخرى إذا عندي
+
+52
+00:04:15,530 --> 00:04:18,570
+عشرة أختار منهم بقول مين أحسن من واحد من العشرة
+
+53
+00:04:18,570 --> 00:04:22,450
+هذا هذا اختيار كويس بس إذا كان في اتنين أو تلاتة
+
+54
+00:04:22,450 --> 00:04:26,510
+أستطيع أن أحصل منهم مين أفضل ككفاءة أجيبه أفضل من
+
+55
+00:04:26,510 --> 00:04:30,650
+أني أخد أفضل الموجودين أبحث على أفضل الكفاءات و
+
+56
+00:04:30,650 --> 00:04:34,950
+ليس أفضل الموجودينأفضل الكفاءات لأنه أفضل الكفاءات
+
+57
+00:04:34,950 --> 00:04:38,750
+بإمكانياتي طبعا بإمكانياتي وخدراتي لأن الكفاءات هي
+
+58
+00:04:38,750 --> 00:04:43,090
+التي تحقق الإنجازات لداخل المؤسسة يعني أذكر أنا في
+
+59
+00:04:43,090 --> 00:04:46,410
+أحد المؤسسات القطاع الخاص موجودة كان في جمهيد مصر
+
+60
+00:04:46,410 --> 00:04:50,530
+العربية أنه رئيس مجلس إدارة انتقل موظف كبير في هذه
+
+61
+00:04:50,530 --> 00:04:55,730
+المؤسسة ماشي انتقل من مؤسسة إلى مؤسسةوالمؤسستين
+
+62
+00:04:55,730 --> 00:05:00,170
+أسهمهم معروضة للتداول في البورصة انخفضت أسهم
+
+63
+00:05:00,170 --> 00:05:03,350
+المؤسسة الأولى التي انتقل منها رئيس مجلس الإدارة
+
+64
+00:05:03,350 --> 00:05:07,550
+وارتفعت أسهم المؤسسة الأخرى اللي انتقل إليها رئيس
+
+65
+00:05:07,550 --> 00:05:11,610
+مجلس الإدارة بمعنى أن هذه الكفاءات هي التي أحيانًا
+
+66
+00:05:11,610 --> 00:05:16,950
+تدفع المؤسسات إلى مصاف أحسن وإما إمكانيات أفضل
+
+67
+00:05:16,950 --> 00:05:24,150
+لأهمية هذا الموضوعسنلقي ضوء على مجموعة من التفاصيل
+
+68
+00:05:24,150 --> 00:05:27,710
+الخاصة بموضوع الاستقطاب وموضوع الكفاءات وموضوع
+
+69
+00:05:27,710 --> 00:05:32,290
+أليات تطويهم والمحافظة عليهم والاتقاء بيهم أيضًا
+
+70
+00:05:32,290 --> 00:05:36,390
+هناك نقطة هامة معنى الاستقطاب ونجاح المؤسسات
+
+71
+00:05:36,390 --> 00:05:45,410
+معناها أن هناك تطور واضح في وجود العنصر البشري الـ
+
+72
+00:05:45,410 --> 00:05:50,860
+HR في مؤسسات الـ NGOsبمعنى الموظفين في فترات
+
+73
+00:05:50,860 --> 00:05:54,260
+السبعينات وفترات التمانينات وفترات التسعينات
+
+74
+00:05:54,260 --> 00:05:58,640
+ودخلنا في الألفية الجديدة أو دخلنا في الألفية يعني
+
+75
+00:05:58,640 --> 00:06:03,960
+قربنا على يعني عقود من الزمن طويلة هنجد أنه عدد
+
+76
+00:06:03,960 --> 00:06:07,940
+الأفراد والذين يعملون في مؤسسات الـ NGOs يتساعد
+
+77
+00:06:07,940 --> 00:06:13,040
+بشكل عالي جدا وليس الأفراد فقطأيضًا الأمور المالية
+
+78
+00:06:13,040 --> 00:06:17,080
+والمرتبات والموازنات البخمة التي وضعت للأفراد
+
+79
+00:06:17,080 --> 00:06:21,980
+للعمل في هذه المؤسسات ارتفع هلاقي إنه نسبة عالية
+
+80
+00:06:21,980 --> 00:06:25,620
+جدًا قصة تصل إلى 10 و15% من أبناء المجتمع يعملوا
+
+81
+00:06:25,620 --> 00:06:26,580
+في مؤسسات الـ Dangerous
+
+82
+00:06:29,360 --> 00:06:33,220
+وأيضًا الموازنات المالية التي وضعت مكافئات وحوافز
+
+83
+00:06:33,220 --> 00:06:36,300
+وواتب لهذه الفئات هنلاقيها زادت بشكل عالي جدًا
+
+84
+00:06:36,300 --> 00:06:40,400
+يبقى أصبح أن هذا المجال، هذا المساق، هذا الأمر
+
+85
+00:06:40,400 --> 00:06:44,000
+اليوم عليها الأنظار أنه ليش ما أجد فيه فرصة عمل
+
+86
+00:06:44,510 --> 00:06:48,170
+ليش؟ مع أن أطوّفي إمكانياتي منه خدمة للمجتمع، منه
+
+87
+00:06:48,170 --> 00:06:53,630
+خدمة لداتنا ومنه خدمة لوجه الله تعالى تكون .. يعني
+
+88
+00:06:53,630 --> 00:06:57,210
+تكسب فيها ان شاء الله رضا المولى عز وجل ننقل نظرة
+
+89
+00:06:57,210 --> 00:07:00,330
+على بعض التفاصيل إذا بدأنا بكلمة موظف، من هو
+
+90
+00:07:00,330 --> 00:07:04,130
+الموظف؟ هو شخص بيشغل وظيفة معينة في الهيكلية
+
+91
+00:07:04,130 --> 00:07:08,340
+الإدارية في المؤسسةفيله سلطة ومسئولية ومهام
+
+92
+00:07:08,340 --> 00:07:12,980
+ومرتبات أو نسميها احنا compensation أو تعويض عن
+
+93
+00:07:12,980 --> 00:07:18,380
+هذا العمل بيشمل حوافز وعلوات وامور مختلفة أي مؤسسة
+
+94
+00:07:19,420 --> 00:07:24,480
+خاصة حكومية غير حكومية كلمة الموظف هي أيضًا تشمل
+
+95
+00:07:24,480 --> 00:07:28,740
+الموظف في جميع المجالات لنفس الفكرة ونفس العمل
+
+96
+00:07:28,740 --> 00:07:31,980
+ونفس الهيكلية لكن تختلف الأنشطة وتختلف الغايات
+
+97
+00:07:31,980 --> 00:07:36,040
+وتختلف الأهداف التي توكل هذه الموظف بالنسبة
+
+98
+00:07:36,040 --> 00:07:40,480
+للأعمال العنصر البشري أيضًا هو الذي يحقق العمل وهو
+
+99
+00:07:40,480 --> 00:07:44,120
+الأساس في نجاح هذه المؤسسات باختلافها باختلاف
+
+100
+00:07:44,120 --> 00:07:48,390
+أشكالهاالتنظيمات المختلفة كلمة تنظيمات يعني مؤسسات
+
+101
+00:07:48,390 --> 00:07:52,470
+يعني منظمات مختلفة موجودة عندها أدوات للعمل و
+
+102
+00:07:52,470 --> 00:07:55,930
+عندها نمادج و عندها إجراءات و عندها أهداف تسعى
+
+103
+00:07:55,930 --> 00:07:59,610
+لتحقيقها و عندها أفراد أكثر بيختلفوا موجودين في
+
+104
+00:07:59,610 --> 00:08:04,810
+مختلفة المستويات الإدارية يعملوابطريقة يعني منتظمة
+
+105
+00:08:04,810 --> 00:08:09,550
+أو على قدم من وثاق مثل ما يقال إنه هدف لتحويل
+
+106
+00:08:09,550 --> 00:08:12,410
+المقوامات المادية والإمكانيات المحدودة لهذه
+
+107
+00:08:12,410 --> 00:08:16,490
+المؤسسات إلى أهداف ونتائج واضحة في المجتمع نستغل
+
+108
+00:08:16,490 --> 00:08:18,910
+الإمكانيات المتوافرة اللي هي معروفة إنها محدودة
+
+109
+00:08:18,910 --> 00:08:22,650
+دائما في مجتمعاتنا وتحويلها إلى أهداف وأنشطة
+
+110
+00:08:22,650 --> 00:08:27,150
+وإنجازات داخل المجتمع وهذه الإنجازات هي أول وآخر
+
+111
+00:08:27,150 --> 00:08:30,190
+إنجازات بشرية بالدرجة الأولى لكنها أيضا تحسب لهذه
+
+112
+00:08:30,190 --> 00:08:34,760
+المؤسساتانطلاقا من ذلك الاهتمام بالموظفين بمعنى
+
+113
+00:08:34,760 --> 00:08:39,180
+الموظفين هم نقطة الأساس ونقطة الارتكاز للمؤسسات
+
+114
+00:08:39,180 --> 00:08:44,460
+دائما تجد دائرة في المؤسسات يطلق عليها إدارة
+
+115
+00:08:44,460 --> 00:08:47,060
+العاملين أو إدارة الموضوع البشرية أو إدارة شؤون
+
+116
+00:08:47,060 --> 00:08:50,400
+العاملين أو إدارة شؤون الأفراد داخل المؤسسات ليش؟
+
+117
+00:08:50,400 --> 00:08:54,460
+لأن الأفراد مدام هم يمثلوا سبب نجاح هذه المؤسسات
+
+118
+00:08:54,870 --> 00:08:59,010
+فأيضًا اهتم فيهم بشكل عالي جدًا لتطوير أدائهم ودفع
+
+119
+00:08:59,010 --> 00:09:04,150
+عجلة الأنشطة والإنجازات والأهداف ليتم تحقيقها
+
+120
+00:09:04,150 --> 00:09:10,350
+المنظمات الدائم الناجحةيرجع النجاح بصورة عالية إلى
+
+121
+00:09:10,350 --> 00:09:13,410
+الإدارات الفاعلة لمتابعة المواد البشرية وتطويرها
+
+122
+00:09:13,410 --> 00:09:16,990
+في المؤسسات، بمعنى، بداية في الاستقطاب والاختيار
+
+123
+00:09:16,990 --> 00:09:20,250
+لهذه الموظفين وتطوير كيف هي حيا��هم والمحافظة عليهم
+
+124
+00:09:20,250 --> 00:09:23,590
+والاحتفاظ فيهم لفترات طويلة، هو هذا الأساس اللي
+
+125
+00:09:23,590 --> 00:09:26,410
+بتهدف إلىه المؤسسات، وبالتالي تسبب نجاحات
+
+126
+00:09:26,410 --> 00:09:29,210
+المؤسسات، ما هو المؤسسات إذا كان عند بعض الأفراد
+
+127
+00:09:29,210 --> 00:09:31,830
+بيعمل لفترات معينة، ثم يتركوا هذا العمل، يذهبوا
+
+128
+00:09:31,830 --> 00:09:34,750
+إلى مؤسسات أخرى، فاحنا لم نحقق الغايات المنشودة
+
+129
+00:09:34,750 --> 00:09:39,840
+وللاهداف المطموالخبرات اللي هم حصلوا عليها داخل
+
+130
+00:09:39,840 --> 00:09:44,720
+مؤسساتنا لن تكون مرضية لهم فهيضبط لمؤسسات أخرى لأ
+
+131
+00:09:44,720 --> 00:09:48,700
+لازم نكون موفلهم الفرص للعمل المتاحة والتحديات
+
+132
+00:09:48,700 --> 00:09:52,000
+اللي هم ممكن من خلالها يأخذوا أنشطاتهم وبرامجهم
+
+133
+00:09:52,000 --> 00:09:55,460
+على محمل الجد يعني يحققوا إنجازات ويضعوا أهداف
+
+134
+00:09:55,460 --> 00:09:59,480
+أخرى لإنجازات أفضلدائما الحكمة تقول عندما تصل إلى
+
+135
+00:09:59,480 --> 00:10:03,820
+أهدافك التي يعني رسمتها يجب أن تكون عندك أهداف
+
+136
+00:10:03,820 --> 00:10:07,540
+أخرى والأهداف الأخرى تقودك إلى أهداف أحسن و أعلى
+
+137
+00:10:09,460 --> 00:10:15,380
+إذا لم توجد للإنسان أهداف لكي يعمل على تحقيقها فلن
+
+138
+00:10:15,380 --> 00:10:18,260
+يكون هناك إنجازات وبالتالي سيصيب أحيانًا خيبة
+
+139
+00:10:18,260 --> 00:10:20,620
+الأمل أو أحيانًا الإحباط لهذه الأفراد أو هؤلاء
+
+140
+00:10:20,620 --> 00:10:25,460
+المؤسسات فدائمًا النظرة إلى أعلى هي دائمًا أهداف
+
+141
+00:10:25,460 --> 00:10:32,710
+طيبة أذكر قصة حد حكاهابيقول إنه كان مرة من المرات
+
+142
+00:10:32,710 --> 00:10:36,710
+زمان في زمن العرب والتجار العرب اللي كانوا
+
+143
+00:10:36,710 --> 00:10:42,270
+بيسافروا من بلد لبلد كان في خادم بسيط الحال موجود
+
+144
+00:10:42,270 --> 00:10:46,110
+عن سيده وكان من التجار الكبار كان دايما لما بيجي
+
+145
+00:10:46,110 --> 00:10:49,910
+يقعدوا مع بعض يتحدثوا التاجر كان يسافر يروح يجيب
+
+146
+00:10:49,910 --> 00:10:53,750
+بضائع من الهند والسند ويروح تاني لبلادنا العربية
+
+147
+00:10:54,760 --> 00:10:57,340
+فالخادم البسيط كان يقوله أنا نفسي تاخدني معاك
+
+148
+00:10:57,340 --> 00:11:00,840
+الهند والسند نفسي أشوفهم بلوا يقولوا الكلام هذا
+
+149
+00:11:00,840 --> 00:11:04,700
+سنة ورا سنة ورا سنة ورا سنة في يوم من الأيام إجا
+
+150
+00:11:04,700 --> 00:11:09,240
+التاجر العربي قاله جهز حالك يا خادم يا مطيع أنت
+
+151
+00:11:09,240 --> 00:11:12,140
+خدمت عندي فترة طويلة و أنا بسعد فيك و أنت راجل
+
+152
+00:11:12,140 --> 00:11:15,290
+أمينجهز حالك أنا السفرية اللي جاية للسند والهند
+
+153
+00:11:15,290 --> 00:11:18,730
+بدي أخدك معايا عشان تشوف البلاد اللي بتركب الأفيال
+
+154
+00:11:18,730 --> 00:11:21,590
+و تشوف العجائب الدنيا اللي بتسمع عنها لإنه كل مكان
+
+155
+00:11:21,590 --> 00:11:25,750
+يروح هذا التاجر يحكيله من القصص و الحكاوي اللي
+
+156
+00:11:25,750 --> 00:11:30,250
+كانت يشوفها و المشاهدات بتخليه دائمايعني يحلم فيها
+
+157
+00:11:30,250 --> 00:11:32,770
+بس هو ماكانش يشوفها على أرض الواقع في الزمن هداك
+
+158
+00:11:32,770 --> 00:11:36,270
+لا فيه جوالات ولا فيه تلفزيونات ولا فيه تليفونات
+
+159
+00:11:36,270 --> 00:11:41,610
+كان جو بسيط والناس بتعتمد على المخيلتهم و الرسومات
+
+160
+00:11:41,610 --> 00:11:46,490
+البسيطة عشان يتصوروا كيف الأشكال اللي خاصة بالهند
+
+161
+00:11:46,490 --> 00:11:51,250
+وبعض الحيوانات اللي موجودة في الهند زي الفيالة أو
+
+162
+00:11:51,250 --> 00:11:58,780
+ما شابه فالمهم الفرح الخادم هذا فرح شديد جداوتاني
+
+163
+00:11:58,780 --> 00:12:02,740
+يوم راح له التاجر وقالله أنا مابديش أسافر معاك لا
+
+164
+00:12:02,740 --> 00:12:06,360
+السند ولا الهند استغرب هذا التاجر قالله ليش طيب
+
+165
+00:12:06,360 --> 00:12:09,940
+انت طول عمرك إلك سنوات نفسك تروح هذا الزيارة قالله
+
+166
+00:12:09,940 --> 00:12:16,340
+هذا هدف وضعته أمل وحلم حياتي بس أنا خايف قاله ليش
+
+167
+00:12:16,340 --> 00:12:19,780
+خايف؟ قاله خايف أروح السند والهند و أشوف اللي أنا
+
+168
+00:12:19,780 --> 00:12:23,860
+.. اللي كنت حكيلنا عنهأكون حققت الهدف الكبير اللي
+
+169
+00:12:23,860 --> 00:12:26,540
+كان في حياتي و الحلم الكبير اللي كان نفسي أشوفه و
+
+170
+00:12:26,540 --> 00:12:30,580
+بعدين في الآخر هتلاقيني أنه مافيش عندي حلم تاني
+
+171
+00:12:30,580 --> 00:12:33,940
+ولا هدف تاني أن أصل إليه وبالتالي هيجيلي خيبة أمل
+
+172
+00:12:33,940 --> 00:12:38,040
+ولا .. ولا إحباط أو ما شابه فضحك التاجر قاله دائما
+
+173
+00:12:38,040 --> 00:12:40,740
+لازم تكون عندك أهداف تانية لما تروح الهندوستند
+
+174
+00:12:40,740 --> 00:12:44,830
+المجهة هذهتحط لنفسك هدف تاني و الهداف التانية يعني
+
+175
+00:12:44,830 --> 00:12:47,270
+ان شاء الله بتصل اليها و الهداف التالتة و الرابعة
+
+176
+00:12:47,270 --> 00:12:50,770
+الانسان دائما يجب ان يضع من وات لأخر اهداف يحاول
+
+177
+00:12:50,770 --> 00:12:53,670
+يسعى لتحقيقها و لما يحقق مجموعة من الهداف يطمح الى
+
+178
+00:12:53,670 --> 00:12:57,890
+اهداف اعلى بعون الله تعالى لاحظوا ان العمل الخيرى
+
+179
+00:12:57,890 --> 00:13:04,400
+يمثل كمنظومةاقتصادية واجتماعية وثقافية داخل
+
+180
+00:13:04,400 --> 00:13:07,580
+المجتمعات لا يحسن بيها على سبيل المؤشرات اللي أشهر
+
+181
+00:13:07,580 --> 00:13:10,880
+فيها هنا الكتاب أنه 10% تقريبا أو أكثر من قوة
+
+182
+00:13:10,880 --> 00:13:12,680
+العامل البشرية في دولة المتحدة الأمريكية تعمل في
+
+183
+00:13:12,680 --> 00:13:15,920
+العامل الخير ومنظمات غير حكومية طب هذه نسبة عالية
+
+184
+00:13:15,920 --> 00:13:21,270
+مخصصات التي وضعت بالمليارات الدولاراتماشية في
+
+185
+00:13:21,270 --> 00:13:24,410
+السبعينات الآن أصبحت بمئات المليارات من الدولارات
+
+186
+00:13:24,410 --> 00:13:27,950
+مليارات الدولارات موجودة في التسعينات وأضعاف
+
+187
+00:13:27,950 --> 00:13:32,170
+أضعافها الآن في الفترات اللاحقة بمعنى أن هذا
+
+188
+00:13:32,170 --> 00:13:37,250
+المجال أصبح مجال جاذب للعملين وجاذب للمؤسسات وجاذب
+
+189
+00:13:37,250 --> 00:13:43,630
+للأنشطة وجاذب للأحلام والعديد يعمل في هذه المجالات
+
+190
+00:13:44,120 --> 00:13:48,520
+لاحظوا إنه العمليات الخاصة أو الأنشطة الخاصة
+
+191
+00:13:48,520 --> 00:13:51,380
+بدائرة شؤون العملين في المؤسسات
+الها العديد من
+
+192
+00:13:51,380 --> 00:13:55,980
+الوظائفوضعها مهم جدا لأنه بتعتمد على الركيزة
+
+193
+00:13:55,980 --> 00:13:58,520
+الأساسية لنجاح هذه المؤسسات اللي هم الأفرادها،
+
+194
+00:13:58,520 --> 00:14:01,480
+القائمين فيها، العاملين فيها، اللي هم بينتموا
+
+195
+00:14:01,480 --> 00:14:04,440
+لإلها، اللي هم بيعتزب وجودهم في هذه المؤسسة كمان
+
+196
+00:14:04,440 --> 00:14:08,860
+مرة الولاء التنظيمي للمؤسسة واحترام العاملين
+
+197
+00:14:08,860 --> 00:14:13,020
+لمؤسستهم واهتمامهم بمؤسستهم وارتباطهم بمؤسستهم هو
+
+198
+00:14:13,020 --> 00:14:16,520
+سر نجاح المؤسساتفيه دراسات وأبحاث تخرج للعديد من
+
+199
+00:14:16,520 --> 00:14:21,120
+الطلبة قاموا فيها لديقياس الولاء التنظيمي للعملين
+
+200
+00:14:21,120 --> 00:14:24,160
+في هذه المؤسسات على نجاح المؤسسات ووجدوا علاقة
+
+201
+00:14:24,160 --> 00:14:28,040
+مباشرة ووطيدة ما بينهملاحظ إن دائرة المواد البشرية
+
+202
+00:14:28,040 --> 00:14:31,640
+تقوم بالعمل بتخطيط المواد البشرية واحتياجاتها
+
+203
+00:14:31,640 --> 00:14:34,380
+مسبقًا بمعنى إنه عندي مشاريع بدي أعملها السنة اللي
+
+204
+00:14:34,380 --> 00:14:36,740
+جاية في المنطقة الجغرافية الفلانية بمعنى إنه بدي
+
+205
+00:14:36,740 --> 00:14:39,700
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+قبل عملية الاش الاستقطاب وعملية الاش الاختيار
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+218
+00:15:24,300 --> 00:15:29,340
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+أداء المؤسسة وينقلها لأمور أفضلإضاءة المواد
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+338
+00:23:06,390 --> 00:23:12,230
+البشرية هي دائما تعمل على رعاية كل ما يخص
+
+339
+00:23:12,230 --> 00:23:16,510
+العاملين، ابتدائها من الأجور حتى إلى أن يتوكل عمل
+
+340
+00:23:16,510 --> 00:23:20,230
+داخل المؤسسات قطلنا عليكم في هذه المحاضرة يعني
+
+341
+00:23:20,230 --> 00:23:28,170
+قليلالكن هذا الأمر يجعل لإنا نظرة واعية إن المواد
+
+342
+00:23:28,170 --> 00:23:32,290
+البشرية اهتمام فيها معناها أنا باهتم في مؤسستي
+
+343
+00:23:32,290 --> 00:23:38,490
+بمعنى إنه دائما أنشطتنا أو إنتجاتنا أو إنجازاتنا
+
+344
+00:23:38,490 --> 00:23:41,990
+أو وصولنا إلى أماكن معينة أو حتى تحقيقنا للمشاريع
+
+345
+00:23:41,990 --> 00:23:45,250
+كمؤسسات داخل المجتمع ترجع للبنة الأولى اللي هو
+
+346
+00:23:45,250 --> 00:23:49,070
+المواد البشرية اهتم بمواد الكلب بشريةافهم إدارتك
+
+347
+00:23:49,070 --> 00:23:53,910
+من المواد البشرية دائما عينك تكون واضحة لتقييم
+
+348
+00:23:53,910 --> 00:23:59,610
+وتطوير ورعاية المواد البشرية تصل إلى مؤسسات فاعلة
+
+349
+00:23:59,610 --> 00:24:03,190
+في المجتمع وتحقق إنجازات مرضية ان شاء الله لجميع
+
+350
+00:24:03,190 --> 00:24:07,210
+إذا نظرنا مرة أخرى إلى المؤسسات هي الأفراد
+
+351
+00:24:07,210 --> 00:24:12,790
+والأفراد هم من يقوموا بعمل المؤسسات نترككم في
+
+352
+00:24:12,790 --> 00:24:15,050
+رعاية الله توفيقه والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwbqRqP24yHh6436xDshIebX/A9GZpVwe87k.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,415 @@
+1
+00:00:04,980 --> 00:00:08,180
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والحمد لله رب العالمين
+
+2
+00:00:08,180 --> 00:00:11,420
+الطريقة الرابعة لجمع التبرعات من خلال تبرعات 
+
+3
+00:00:11,420 --> 00:00:24,680
+العقارية 
+
+4
+00:00:24,680 --> 00:00:33,710
+real estate أو العقار يعتبر من أهم الأصول التي
+
+5
+00:00:33,710 --> 00:00:37,170
+تعتمد عليها المؤسسات والمؤسسات غير الحكومية في
+
+6
+00:00:37,170 --> 00:00:42,250
+إدارة أعمالها وأنشطتها وتوليد أرباحها أرباحها 
+
+7
+00:00:42,250 --> 00:00:46,550
+الهادفة لتمويل أنشطتها ومسيرتها  والإنفاق على
+
+8
+00:00:46,550 --> 00:00:51,270
+مصاريفها وتكاليفها وليس منها أهداف ربحية تعود على
+
+9
+00:00:51,270 --> 00:00:53,930
+مجلس الإدارة أو ملكية لأن لا يوجد ملاك لهذه
+
+10
+00:00:53,930 --> 00:00:58,690
+المؤسسات، الأمور العقارية بتكون واضحة للعيان وبتكون 
+
+11
+00:00:58,690 --> 00:01:05,290
+مؤثرة جداً في فعلية المؤسسات وصمودها ونسميها الـ
+
+12
+00:01:05,290 --> 00:01:08,170
+stability أو الاستقرار اللي موجود خاص بالمؤسسات
+
+13
+00:01:08,170 --> 00:01:15,850
+يعني المؤسسات إجمالاً التي تمتلك أو لديها تبرعات أو 
+
+14
+00:01:15,850 --> 00:01:21,630
+لديها إدارة لأصول عقارية، أصول من العقارات تتميز
+
+15
+00:01:21,630 --> 00:01:28,350
+بالعديد من الخصائص وهذه الخصائص فيها استقرار، فيها
+
+16
+00:01:28,350 --> 00:01:33,950
+انخفاض المخاطرة، فيها قدرتها على مواجهة الأزمات،
+
+17
+00:01:33,950 --> 00:01:40,130
+قدرتها على توليد، توليد دخل يمول مجال عملها
+
+18
+00:01:40,130 --> 00:01:45,340
+وأنشطتها، يفيدها في موضوع الاستمرارية، نسميها احنا 
+
+19
+00:01:45,340 --> 00:01:48,520
+بالإنكليزية الـ Sustainability أو الاستمرارية أو 
+
+20
+00:01:48,520 --> 00:01:55,120
+الـ Day to day moment، الأنشطة تستطيع أن توظف العديد من
+
+21
+00:01:55,120 --> 00:02:01,760
+الأنشطة وتستعين بعدد كبير من العاملين ويكون لها
+
+22
+00:02:01,760 --> 00:02:07,680
+صورة مجتمعية مشرفة ولها اهتمامات من قبل العديد من
+
+23
+00:02:07,680 --> 00:02:12,280
+المؤسسات، لو ضفنا اللي يمتلك العقارات فهو يستطيع
+
+24
+00:02:12,280 --> 00:02:18,520
+يمتلك قرارات فعالة، يستطيع أن يوجه العديد من 
+
+25
+00:02:18,520 --> 00:02:22,920
+المؤسسات التي تعمل في نفس المجال، يستطيع أن يبادر
+
+26
+00:02:24,230 --> 00:02:29,130
+يبادر بحملات ويبادر بفعاليات وهي على أرضية صلبة 
+
+27
+00:02:29,130 --> 00:02:36,650
+تستطيع أن تخرج من عندها قيادات، يعني تتوجه للعمل
+
+28
+00:02:36,650 --> 00:02:42,890
+الخير بقوة وثبات وباعتزاز بإمكانيتها، وأضيف لذلك
+
+29
+00:02:42,890 --> 00:02:47,150
+العديد من الأفكار التي يعني ممكن إضافتها للمؤسسات
+
+30
+00:02:47,150 --> 00:02:52,200
+التي تمتلك العقارات، وأيضاً يعني أنا وهي لمثال بسيط
+
+31
+00:02:52,200 --> 00:02:57,160
+قامت فيه مجموعة من الإخوة والناس المتبرعين والـ
+
+32
+00:02:57,160 --> 00:02:59,880
+الإخوة الأفاضل تبرعوا بقطعة أرض لمعهد الأمل 
+
+33
+00:02:59,880 --> 00:03:06,740
+للأيتام كمثال، مثال أن .. مثال أن معهد الأمل 
+
+34
+00:03:06,740 --> 00:03:13,750
+للأيتام في قطاع غزة، هذا المعهد له قطعة أرض كبيرة
+
+35
+00:03:13,750 --> 00:03:20,370
+تبرع فيها من فترة طويلة، تقريباً، تقريباً 80 عاماً، قطعة 
+
+36
+00:03:20,370 --> 00:03:24,250
+الأرض تم عمل عليها بعض المباني والإنشاءات الخاصة
+
+37
+00:03:24,250 --> 00:03:29,250
+بالمعهد وتم تأجير قطعة أرض هنا، شارع رئيسي، تم تأجير 
+
+38
+00:03:29,250 --> 00:03:34,830
+هنا، شارع رئيسي، تم تأجير أو تم عمل مباني، تتأجير هذه 
+
+39
+00:03:34,830 --> 00:03:38,850
+قطعة الأرض، تم تأجيرها والحصول على ريع من خلالها
+
+40
+00:03:38,850 --> 00:03:46,690
+وهذا الريع تم فيه عملية توليد لدخول للكوادر 
+
+41
+00:03:46,690 --> 00:03:50,970
+العاملة الإدارية والأكاديمية والصحة والناس ال��ي
+
+42
+00:03:50,970 --> 00:03:56,410
+موجودين في المعهد وتم عمل مباني، مباني تجارية في
+
+43
+00:03:56,410 --> 00:03:59,370
+هذا الشارع أيضاً، في هذا المبنى عمل مباني تجارية
+
+44
+00:03:59,370 --> 00:04:04,410
+مقسمة إلى مكاتب، هذا الشارع عام تم تقسيمه إلى مكاتب 
+
+45
+00:04:05,140 --> 00:04:11,880
+ومحلات تجارية .. محلات تجارية تم تأجيرها إلى 
+
+46
+00:04:11,880 --> 00:04:18,280
+العديد من مؤسسات القطاع الخاص، أيضاً ريحها عاد ب .. 
+
+47
+00:04:18,280 --> 00:04:26,020
+بعوائد مميزة لإدارة هذا المعهد، قطعة الأرض أيضًا قام 
+
+48
+00:04:26,020 --> 00:04:31,140
+عليها إقامة بعض المباني التخصّص المعهد، هذه المباني
+
+49
+00:04:31,140 --> 00:04:36,760
+في هذه المناطق كانت يعني مطرح تقديم خدمات لمؤسسات 
+
+50
+00:04:36,760 --> 00:04:40,320
+دولية ومؤسسات محلية وأحياناً تعقد فيها فعاليات 
+
+51
+00:04:40,320 --> 00:04:47,080
+حكومية، مسرح كبير وقاعات ورشات عمل وقاعات للتدريب
+
+52
+00:04:47,080 --> 00:04:49,920
+وقاعات للاجتماعات وقاعات للاصدقاء، العديد من 
+
+53
+00:04:49,920 --> 00:04:52,680
+الممولين كانوا يلجأوا إلى معهد الأمل للأيتام ودفع
+
+54
+00:04:52,680 --> 00:04:56,200
+مبالغ نقدية مقابل استعمال هذه القاعات عوضاً عن أن 
+
+55
+00:04:56,200 --> 00:05:00,070
+يذهبوا إلى قاعات فندقية، يعني أقول لك أنا بدي أدفع 
+
+56
+00:05:00,070 --> 00:05:05,810
+تبرع للمعهد لاستئجار قاعته اللي هي بتنفع لإقامة 
+
+57
+00:05:05,810 --> 00:05:09,050
+ورشات عمل، ولا أني أروح مثلاً لفندق أني أدفع فيه هذه
+
+58
+00:05:09,050 --> 00:05:14,610
+المبالغ للفنادق، الأفكار كانت بسيطة وكانت فعالة جداً
+
+59
+00:05:14,610 --> 00:05:19,650
+ومجهود يعني من خلال عقود من الزمن لأكثر من مجلس
+
+60
+00:05:19,650 --> 00:05:23,930
+إدارة عقب على هذا المعهد، وفّرت دعم لمجموعة من
+
+61
+00:05:23,930 --> 00:05:28,130
+الأيتام على مدار أعماره، وكان هناك تعليم الفن
+
+62
+00:05:28,130 --> 00:05:33,250
+وتعليم الأكاديمي الطبيعي، وكان رعاية للأيتام ولأسر
+
+63
+00:05:33,250 --> 00:05:37,150
+الأيتام، وكفالات للأيتام موجودين، مقيمين في المعهد
+
+64
+00:05:37,150 --> 00:05:41,910
+وفيهم أيضاً رعاية لأيتام خارج هذا المعهد، الفكرة 
+
+65
+00:05:41,910 --> 00:05:46,310
+بدأت من وجود العقار، قطعة الأرض والمباني والإنشاءات
+
+66
+00:05:46,310 --> 00:05:51,470
+وفّرت الدعم والاستمرارية والدايمومة لأنشطة لسنوات 
+
+67
+00:05:51,470 --> 00:05:56,310
+متطاولة طويلة ومتتالية لهذا المعهد، الفكرة تقوم على
+
+68
+00:05:56,310 --> 00:06:03,010
+وجود عقار يكون مُدر للدخل، بمعنى هذا الأمر ممكن
+
+69
+00:06:03,010 --> 00:06:09,390
+نقيس عليه نشاط مدرسي أو نشاط مستشفى، صحية، خدماتية
+
+70
+00:06:09,390 --> 00:06:15,570
+بأسعار رمزية، ملجأ للأيتام أو دار أو مسجد عليها 
+
+71
+00:06:15,570 --> 00:06:19,550
+أيضاً وجود دار للمناسبات لتقديم بعض الخدمات للمجتمع
+
+72
+00:06:19,550 --> 00:06:24,050
+المحلي، الأفكار كثيرة والعقار يعتبر مصدر أساسي
+
+73
+00:06:24,050 --> 00:06:27,950
+لتوليد الدخل ليد المؤسسات، وهناك نبذة بسيطة في يد 
+
+74
+00:06:27,950 --> 00:06:32,730
+الكتاب عن هذه العمل، لأن الحصول على العقار مش بالأمر
+
+75
+00:06:32,730 --> 00:06:37,370
+السهل، وتوجد الآن جهات موجودة في مختلف الدول
+
+76
+00:06:37,370 --> 00:06:40,970
+الإسلامية اللي هي وزارة الأوقاف والشؤون الدينية التي 
+
+77
+00:06:40,970 --> 00:06:47,080
+تتولى إدارة أوقاف، أملاك وعقارات وشقق ومحلات، تم التبرع
+
+78
+00:06:47,080 --> 00:06:51,180
+فيها من قبل العديد من الأشخاص قبل وفاتهم أو بعد
+
+79
+00:06:51,180 --> 00:06:55,680
+وفاتهم لتكون وقفاً لوجه الله تعالى، وريح يذهب يتم
+
+80
+00:06:55,680 --> 00:06:59,980
+إدارته من قبل وزارة الأوقاف، فبالتالي الجمعية تعمل
+
+81
+00:06:59,980 --> 00:07:03,920
+بنفس الأفكا�� تقوم بها مؤسسة حكومية كبيرة هي وزارة
+
+82
+00:07:03,920 --> 00:07:07,140
+الأوقاف والشؤون الدينية، نأخذ فكرة يعني ما تم سرده في
+
+83
+00:07:07,140 --> 00:07:09,880
+هذا الكتاب عن هذا الموضوع، المقصود بالتبرعات
+
+84
+00:07:09,880 --> 00:07:13,640
+العقارية كل ما تشمله من أراضي ومباني وعمارات
+
+85
+00:07:13,640 --> 00:07:19,980
+ومزارع وبيوت، أي شيء عقاري يمكن للمنظمة غير الحكومية
+
+86
+00:07:19,980 --> 00:07:24,620
+أن تحصل عليه أو توقف هذا العقار لمصلحتها من خلال
+
+87
+00:07:24,620 --> 00:07:27,980
+التأجير أو الاستفادة من داخله لصالح مشاريعها
+
+88
+00:07:27,980 --> 00:07:32,080
+العقار نفسه ممكن يكون مقار لها، ممكن تستفيد منه،
+
+89
+00:07:32,080 --> 00:07:35,740
+ممكن تأجره، ممكن تحوله لمشاريع معينة، ممكن تستضيف
+
+90
+00:07:35,740 --> 00:07:40,320
+مؤسسات ثانية، ممكن تعملوا بالنشاط مدرسة أو روضة أو
+
+91
+00:07:40,320 --> 00:07:45,070
+مكان لتعليم مهني أو ملجأ للأيتام أو مكان لتقديم 
+
+92
+00:07:45,070 --> 00:07:50,310
+خدمات لبعض الأرامل أو غبّات البيوت، وممكن مكان
+
+93
+00:07:50,310 --> 00:07:55,690
+لإسكان العجزة أو المسنين، المجال العقاري واسع ولا
+
+94
+00:07:55,690 --> 00:08:03,060
+يوجد له حدود معينة، لكن خدماته المتعددة تحتاج إلى
+
+95
+00:08:03,060 --> 00:08:07,540
+البداية القوية أو الحصول على نواة لهذه الأنشطة وهو
+
+96
+00:08:07,540 --> 00:08:10,220
+من خلال العقارات، ما تم سرده في الكتابة كان محدوداً
+
+97
+00:08:10,220 --> 00:08:16,600
+وبسيطاً، لكن نجد من أن أعزائنا طلاب، طلاب أنه يهتموا
+
+98
+00:08:16,950 --> 00:08:21,350
+بموضوع بهذا الأمر بشكل عالٍ جداً ويفكروا فيه بإطار
+
+99
+00:08:21,350 --> 00:08:28,610
+واسع، ونجد العديد من الأماكن التي تتشرف عليها وزارة
+
+100
+00:08:28,610 --> 00:08:32,550
+الأوقاف والشؤون الدينية هي مثال حي لإدارة عقارات
+
+101
+00:08:32,550 --> 00:08:40,810
+تولد دخلاً، وهذا الدخل يولد أنشطة وفعاليات تخدم الأمور
+
+102
+00:08:40,810 --> 00:08:45,430
+الدينية مثل متابعة المساجد وترميمها وطواقم العاملة 
+
+103
+00:08:45,430 --> 00:08:49,670
+في هذه المساجد، نشكر لجميع اهتمامهم وحسن استماعهم
+
+104
+00:08:49,670 --> 00:08:50,930
+والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

PL9fwy3NUQKwbqRqP24yHh6436xDshIebX/DHoEMuiM3kg.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,703 @@
+1
+00:00:05,090 --> 00:00:08,570
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والحمد لله رب العالمين
+
+2
+00:00:08,570 --> 00:00:13,550
+اليوم عندنا بداية فصل جديد اللي هو أهمية تنمية
+
+3
+00:00:13,550 --> 00:00:18,950
+المواد البشرية في منظمات غير حكومية أو منظمات 
+
+4
+00:00:18,950 --> 00:00:21,730
+العمل الخيري أو منظمات قائمة على النظام الأدوية
+
+5
+00:00:21,730 --> 00:00:26,090
+كلها منظمات موجودة في المجتمع بتقدم خدماتها
+
+6
+00:00:26,090 --> 00:00:29,890
+لفئات متعددة من المجتمع وهذه المنظمات تعمل جاهداً
+
+7
+00:00:29,890 --> 00:00:33,830
+لتحقيق المهنية في مجال تخصصها ومجال عملها هذه
+
+8
+00:00:33,830 --> 00:00:38,750
+المؤسسات اليوم انتشرت بشكل كبير بفعل وبمجهودات و
+
+9
+00:00:38,750 --> 00:00:43,490
+بقدرات و بإمكانيات و بمهارات و بثقافة و بتعليم و
+
+10
+00:00:43,490 --> 00:00:47,590
+بمعرفة الإخوة القائمين عليها سواء العاملين سواء
+
+11
+00:00:47,590 --> 00:00:52,360
+مجالس الإدارة سواء المتطوعين من جميع الفئات
+
+12
+00:00:52,360 --> 00:00:55,880
+الموجودة في المجتمع التي تعمل على مساندة ودعم عمل
+
+13
+00:00:55,880 --> 00:01:00,660
+هذه المؤسسات بمعنى أي مؤسسة حققت النجاح لا تنجح 
+
+14
+00:01:00,660 --> 00:01:04,720
+بمفردها لكن تنجح بمجهودات العاملين والكفاءات
+
+15
+00:01:04,720 --> 00:01:09,290
+والممكنيات المتوفرة من الموارد البشرية كلمة الموارد
+
+16
+00:01:09,290 --> 00:01:12,850
+البشرية كلمة مهمة human resource  الـ human
+
+17
+00:01:12,850 --> 00:01:17,350
+resource  حنّا حطينا إن الأفراد هم عبارة عن مجموعة
+
+18
+00:01:17,350 --> 00:01:21,130
+من الموارد داخل المؤسسة هو أهم مورد للمؤسسة في 
+
+19
+00:01:21,130 --> 00:01:25,730
+الحقيقة ليس الموارد المالي وليس الموارد العقاري
+
+20
+00:01:25,730 --> 00:01:30,470
+وليس الموارد المادية هي المحرك الأساسي لعمل
+
+21
+00:01:30,470 --> 00:01:33,550
+المؤسسات وإمكانياتها لتحقيق أهدافها ونشاطاتها
+
+22
+00:01:33,550 --> 00:01:38,550
+الموارد الحقيقي هو البشر بمعنى المبنى والهيكل
+
+23
+00:01:38,550 --> 00:01:45,110
+الإداري والأنشطة والأجهزة والمعدات والمنتجات
+
+24
+00:01:45,110 --> 00:01:49,570
+والسلع والخدمات حتى أي نشاط يقوم يعني تقدم في 
+
+25
+00:01:49,570 --> 00:01:53,810
+المجتمع ليس له معنى وليس له وجود فعلي إلا بوجود
+
+26
+00:01:53,810 --> 00:01:57,190
+الكفاءات البشرية التي تعمل على تحقيق هذه الأعمال
+
+27
+00:01:57,190 --> 00:02:02,170
+وتحقيق هذه الإنجازات وتحول الأفكار والخطط إلى شيء
+
+28
+00:02:02,170 --> 00:02:05,830
+قابل للتحقيق في الحياة العملية بمعنى العنصر البشري
+
+29
+00:02:05,830 --> 00:02:12,080
+هو الذي يقوم بترجمة الكلام الموجود في الأوراق
+
+30
+00:02:12,080 --> 00:02:16,700
+والسجلات والخطط إلى أنشطة فعلية قابلة للتنفيذ
+
+31
+00:02:16,700 --> 00:02:20,080
+باستهلاكه للموارد المتاحة داخل هذه المؤسسة وداخل
+
+32
+00:02:20,080 --> 00:02:25,700
+المجتمع احنا يمكن بداية الفصل الثاني هو من أوائل
+
+33
+00:02:25,700 --> 00:02:29,620
+الفصول موجودة في هذا الكتاب القيم المعمول على أنه
+
+34
+00:02:29,620 --> 00:02:34,000
+من ينمي المواد البشرية ومن يقوم على تطوير هذه
+
+35
+00:02:34,000 --> 00:02:36,940
+المواد البشرية فهو يعزز دور المؤسسات وقيم هذه
+
+36
+00:02:36,940 --> 00:02:41,720
+المؤسسات لذلك نركز أيضًا مرة أخرى بأن الأفراد هم
+
+37
+00:02:41,720 --> 00:02:45,280
+عماد المؤسسات والأفراد هم عماد المجتمع والأفراد هم
+
+38
+00:02:45,280 --> 00:02:49,660
+الذين يقدموا جميع التسهيلات الضرورية اللازمة لنجاح
+
+39
+00:02:49,660 --> 00:02:56,290
+المؤسسات ونجاح الأنشطة التي تقدم داخل المجتمع نركز
+
+40
+00:02:56,290 --> 00:03:02,030
+كمان مرة أخرى بأن الكفاءات البشرية عندما نحرس على
+
+41
+00:03:02,030 --> 00:03:05,250
+تعليمها وتأهيلها ودعمها بالإمكانيات وا��قدرات 
+
+42
+00:03:05,250 --> 00:03:10,350
+اللازمة فنحن نطور جاهدين مؤسساتنا وأيضًا مجتمعاتنا
+
+43
+00:03:10,350 --> 00:03:15,330
+المحلية إن شاء الله احنا مجموعة من العناصر احنا
+
+44
+00:03:15,330 --> 00:03:18,290
+ناخدها في خلال هذا الفصل هنبدأ في مفهوم تنمية 
+
+45
+00:03:18,290 --> 00:03:22,010
+المواد البشرية وأهميتها وُقواليات عملها وأنشطتها
+
+46
+00:03:22,010 --> 00:03:25,270
+وبرامجها وقواليات التدريب فيه هنبدأ في أبيات من
+
+47
+00:03:25,270 --> 00:03:29,190
+الشعر اللطيفة ونبدأ ببعض المفاهيم الخاصة بالأهمية
+
+48
+00:03:29,190 --> 00:03:33,490
+المواد البشرية وأيضًا هناك إحدى الدراسات القيمة قام 
+
+49
+00:03:33,490 --> 00:03:40,850
+بها أحد الزملاء أوجد كلمة التنمية في القرآن الكريم
+
+50
+00:03:40,850 --> 00:03:46,710
+بآيات دلت عليها في أماكن ومواقع متعددة نسترشد بها
+
+51
+00:03:46,710 --> 00:03:50,170
+إن شاء الله جاهدين لكي تُنهي لنا الطريق بأن التنمية
+
+52
+00:03:50,170 --> 00:03:53,710
+هي موجودة في القرآن بس بأشكالها المتعددة وفعلاً
+
+53
+00:03:53,710 --> 00:03:57,470
+التنمية تأخذ دائمًا أشكال متعددة والبشر هو المحرك
+
+54
+00:03:57,470 --> 00:04:03,570
+الرئيسي لنجاح هذه الأنشطة نبدأ في الأمور التفصيلية
+
+55
+00:04:03,570 --> 00:04:06,830
+إن شاء الله داخل الكتاب سنستعرض بإذن الله تعالى 
+
+56
+00:04:06,830 --> 00:04:11,730
+بداية قول الشاعر الناس بالناس ما دامت الحياة بهم
+
+57
+00:04:11,730 --> 00:04:16,910
+والسعد لا شك طارَتْ وطاراته وأفضل الناس ما بين
+
+58
+00:04:16,910 --> 00:04:23,570
+الورى رجل تقضى على يديه للناس حاجاته لا تمنعنا يدى
+
+59
+00:04:23,570 --> 00:04:29,540
+المعروف عن أحدٍ ما دمت مقتدرا فالسعد طارَتْهُ  واشكر
+
+60
+00:04:29,540 --> 00:04:35,200
+فضائل صمع الله إذا جُعلت إليك لا لك عند الناس 
+
+61
+00:04:35,200 --> 00:04:41,960
+حاجاته قد مات قوم وما ماتت مكارمهم وعاش قوم وهم في
+
+62
+00:04:41,960 --> 00:04:49,340
+الناس أموات كلام طيب وبدأ نستهيل فيها موضوع أهمية 
+
+63
+00:04:49,340 --> 00:04:52,040
+تنمية المواد البشرية في المنظمات الخيرية بمفهوم 
+
+64
+00:04:52,040 --> 00:04:57,320
+التنمية الحقيقية للمواد البشرية تعريفات كثيرة وردت 
+
+65
+00:04:57,320 --> 00:05:00,320
+لموضوع تنمية المواد البشرية وهذه التعريفات تركز 
+
+66
+00:05:00,320 --> 00:05:03,980
+على جوانب مختلفة في التنمية البشرية نرجع إلى دراسة 
+
+67
+00:05:03,980 --> 00:05:08,920
+قام بها زميلنا الدكتور جمال محمد أحمد عبده دكتور
+
+68
+00:05:08,920 --> 00:05:13,460
+فاضل من جمهورية مصر العربية قام باستقصاء لكلمة
+
+69
+00:05:13,460 --> 00:05:16,680
+التنمية في أماكن مختلفة في القرآن الكريم 
+
+70
+00:05:16,680 --> 00:05:20,200
+والسنة النبوية ووجد لها مجموع من المشتقات اللي
+
+71
+00:05:20,200 --> 00:05:24,680
+أشهرها الله رب العزة في كتابه العزيز وهذه الآيات 
+
+72
+00:05:24,680 --> 00:05:27,880
+نستعرضها ونستعرض أهم الكلمات الخاصة بموضوع التنمية 
+
+73
+00:05:27,880 --> 00:05:33,140
+هذه المرادفات نجعل منها بداية كلمة التزكية قول 
+
+74
+00:05:33,140 --> 00:05:37,320
+الله تعالى خذ من أموالهم صدقة تطهرهم وتزكيهم بها
+
+75
+00:05:37,320 --> 00:05:42,790
+فالتزكية هي مرادف للتنمية بأحد أشكال التنمية مرادف
+
+76
+00:05:42,790 --> 00:05:47,050
+آخر لكلمة التنمية هي الإنبات قال تعالى فتقبلها
+
+77
+00:05:47,050 --> 00:05:52,150
+ربها بقبول حسن وأنبتها نبات حسن يقصد هنا مريم
+
+78
+00:05:52,150 --> 00:05:56,830
+العدراء والدت سيدنا عيسى عليه السلام الإنبات هو
+
+79
+00:05:56,830 --> 00:06:02,750
+مرادف لكلمة التنمية بطريقة مباشرة وصريحة وواضحة
+
+80
+00:06:02,750 --> 00:06:06,500
+في القرآن الكريم المرادف الثالث هو كلمة التربية
+
+81
+00:06:06,500 --> 00:06:11,980
+قال تعالى وقول رب رحمهما كما ربياني صغيرة دعوة 
+
+82
+00:06:11,980 --> 00:06:19,760
+طيبة من رجل صالح لأبويه بقول رب رحمهما كما ربياني
+
+83
+00:06:19,760 --> 00:06:23,900
+صغيرة فهي تنمية الطفل الناشر الصغير إلى أن أصبح
+
+84
+00:06:23,900 --> 00:06:29,090
+رجلًا له مكانة طيبة في المجتمع كلمات التكثير أو 
+
+85
+00:06:29,090 --> 00:06:33,330
+التكاثر أيضًا من مدلولات التنمية قال تعالى اعلموا
+
+86
+00:06:33,330 --> 00:06:37,490
+أنما الحياة الدنيا لعب ولهو وزينة وتفاخر بينكم
+
+87
+00:06:37,490 --> 00:06:42,040
+وتكاثر في الأموال والأولاد تنمية الأموال و تنمية 
+
+88
+00:06:42,040 --> 00:06:47,700
+الأولاد هي كلمة تكاثر اذكرها رب العزة تعكس مغزى 
+
+89
+00:06:47,700 --> 00:06:55,300
+مهم مقصود منه هو زيادة والتطور والوصول إلى مراحل
+
+90
+00:06:55,300 --> 00:06:59,410
+أفضل إن شاء الله بعون الله تعالى خامسًا هناك مرادف
+
+91
+00:06:59,410 --> 00:07:05,990
+التثمير الثمرة انظروا إلى ثمره إذا أثمر وينعيه 
+
+92
+00:07:05,990 --> 00:07:12,990
+الثمرة أو الثمار هي دائمًا نتيجة وحصاد والغاية من
+
+93
+00:07:12,990 --> 00:07:18,330
+موضوع التنمية ودائمًا نقول أن من يقوم بوضع الأهداف
+
+94
+00:07:18,330 --> 00:07:23,170
+هي خطط للمستقبل وعند الوصول إلى النتائج النتائج هي
+
+95
+00:07:24,010 --> 00:07:28,370
+أهداف تم عمل مجموعة من الأنشطة واستُهلكت وقتها 
+
+96
+00:07:28,370 --> 00:07:31,950
+الكافي لكي تصل إلى النتائج يعني نضع الأهداف الآن 
+
+97
+00:07:31,950 --> 00:07:35,750
+لنصل إليها في المستقبل في صورة نتائج فمن يقوم
+
+98
+00:07:35,750 --> 00:07:39,550
+بالزراعة الآن ومن يقوم برعاية الأشجار الآن سيحصل
+
+99
+00:07:39,550 --> 00:07:42,790
+على أثمار في المستقبل فهي النتائج المثمرة بإذن
+
+100
+00:07:42,790 --> 00:07:48,160
+الله تعالى هذه المرادفات المرادفات يعني نستكمل فيها
+
+101
+00:07:48,160 --> 00:07:52,960
+هناك المرادف السادس هو التنشأ قال تعالى ثم
+
+102
+00:07:52,960 --> 00:07:59,100
+انشأنا من بعدهم قرونًا آخرين الإنشاء هنا يأتي بمعنى
+
+103
+00:07:59,100 --> 00:08:04,520
+التنمية ووجود وظهور و ... و ... وتكاثر و ... و ...
+
+104
+00:08:04,520 --> 00:08:08,220
+وتوالد مجموعة من ال ... من القرون ومجموعة من القرى 
+
+105
+00:08:08,220 --> 00:08:13,120
+اللي كانت موجودة بعد قرون وبعد قرى أخرى الله أعلم 
+
+106
+00:08:13,120 --> 00:08:17,340
+بأحوالها سبب هذه المرادفات هو النشر قول تعالى و
+
+107
+00:08:17,340 --> 00:08:22,860
+الذي نزل من السماء ماء بقدر فأَنشرنا به بلدة ميتة
+
+108
+00:08:23,190 --> 00:08:31,910
+بلدة ميتة لا زرع فيها ولا أخضر ولا يابس رب 
+
+109
+00:08:31,910 --> 00:08:36,310
+العالمين أنزل من السماء ماء فأحيا بهذه الأرض وكلمة
+
+110
+00:08:36,310 --> 00:08:41,430
+أَنشرنا بمعنى أنه أصبحت هذه البلدة أو هذه القرية أو
+
+111
+00:08:41,430 --> 00:08:47,130
+هذه المنطقة هي مكان للحياة ومكان للأثمار ومكان
+
+112
+00:08:47,130 --> 00:08:51,230
+للمنتجات ثامن هذه المرادفات هو النشوء قال تعالى 
+
+113
+00:08:51,230 --> 00:08:55,810
+وانظروا إلى العظام كيف ننشزها ثم نكسوها لحمًا
+
+114
+00:08:55,810 --> 00:09:01,770
+العظام رب العالمين يكسوها لحمًا بكلمة النشوء و
+
+115
+00:09:01,770 --> 00:09:06,270
+هناك النشوء أيضًا وردت بطريقة مخالفة اللي هي النشوء 
+
+116
+00:09:06,270 --> 00:09:12,770
+أنه شَذَّ عن الوضع الطبيعي هذا في التعامل بكلمات مع
+
+117
+00:09:12,770 --> 00:09:17,050
+البلغة اللي في النشازات يعني النشوء إيه لها أكثر
+
+118
+00:09:17,050 --> 00:09:21,450
+من معنى النشوء هنا معناها التنمية في هذا السياق
+
+119
+00:09:22,700 --> 00:09:27,960
+موضوع البناء أيضًا قال تعالى تاسع هذه المرادفات إن
+
+120
+00:09:27,960 --> 00:09:31,880
+الله يحب الذين يقاتلون في سبيله صفًا كأنهم بنيان 
+
+121
+00:09:31,880 --> 00:09:37,180
+مرسوس البناء المرسوس البناء المتراص إلى بعض والبعض 
+
+122
+00:09:37,180 --> 00:09:42,470
+هي اللي بنّاء طيب تحمل معنى قوي بالترابط والتعاضد 
+
+123
+00:09:42,470 --> 00:09:49,210
+والتكاتف الأيدي للوصول إلى النتائج الطيبة اللبنة
+
+124
+00:09:49,210 --> 00:09:52,610
+في حد ذاتها ليس لها معنى كبير لكن عندما تصطف إلى
+
+125
+00:09:52,610 --> 00:09:58,920
+جوارها من اللبنات الأخرى الطيبة هناك الجدار اللي
+
+126
+00:09:58,920 --> 00:10:04,260
+يديله قيمة ومنفعة للجميع بعون الله تعالى أما عاشرًا
+
+127
+00:10:04,260 --> 00:10:08,800
+هذه المرادفات فهو الشفاء قال تعالى وننزل من القرآن 
+
+128
+00:10:08,800 --> 00:10:13,300
+ما هو شفاء ورحمة للمؤمنين ولا يزيد الظالمين إلا 
+
+129
+00:10:13,300 --> 00:10:19,440
+خسارة الشفاء والرحمة هذه من رحمة الله رب العالمين
+
+130
+00:10:19,440 --> 00:10:27,470
+بِنَعَمَتِهِ وَرَأْفَتِهِ بنا ومودته لنا بأن يحمي خلقه من ... إن
+
+131
+00:10:27,470 --> 00:10:33,370
+شاء الله من بني آدم جميعًا والشفاء هي سمة الغالبة
+
+132
+00:10:33,370 --> 00:10:40,810
+لقدرة الله تعالى في أعمال الخير ما بين البشر آخر
+
+133
+00:10:40,810 --> 00:10:45,150
+هذه المرادفات كلمة البركة وكلنا نطمح ونسعى و
+
+134
+00:10:45,150 --> 00:10:49,210
+نسأل الله تعالى دائمًا البركة وأورثنا القوم الذين
+
+135
+00:10:49,210 --> 00:10:52,850
+كانوا يصدِعُفونَا مشارق ... يصدِعُفونَا مشارق الأرض و
+
+136
+00:10:52,850 --> 00:10:57,570
+مغاربها التي بركنا فيها وهنا يقصد رب العالمين
+
+137
+00:10:57,570 --> 00:11:02,750
+القدس وضواحيها أرضنا المباركة الموجودة هنا في 
+
+138
+00:11:02,750 --> 00:11:12,640
+فلسطين فرب العالمين وضع البركة حول بيت المسجد
+
+139
+00:11:12,640 --> 00:11:22,140
+الأقصى حول بيت المقدس وقبة الصخرة المشرفة وأيضًا 
+
+140
+00:11:22,140 --> 00:11:25,820
+المسجد الأقصى فرب العالمين وضع البركة في هذه 
+
+141
+00:11:25,820 --> 00:11:30,580
+المناطق وهذه الديار رب العالمين يعني قدرة فيما
+
+142
+00:11:30,580 --> 00:11:34,520
+.. أين يضع البركة وكيف تكون البركة ومتى تكون 
+
+143
+00:11:34,520 --> 00:11:39,500
+البركة وما شكل هذه البركة رب العالمين يضعها
+
+144
+00:11:39,500 --> 00:11:43,100
+البركات دائماً والبركة هي تقصد بها أوجه التنمية
+
+145
+00:11:43,100 --> 00:11:48,550
+بشكل عالي جداً هذه المرادفات المتعددة التي ذكرها
+
+146
+00:11:48,550 --> 00:11:53,270
+زميلنا الدكتور جمال عبده يمكن موضوع التنمية لم 
+
+147
+00:11:53,270 --> 00:11:58,010
+تظهر بوضوح في القرآن الكريم لكن المرادفات المتعددة
+
+148
+00:11:58,010 --> 00:12:02,170
+ركزت على أن التنمية ليست لها نمط واحد لكن أنماطها
+
+149
+00:12:02,170 --> 00:12:07,530
+متعددة واتجاهاتها متعددة ومجالات خدمتها أيضاً 
+
+150
+00:12:07,530 --> 00:12:11,190
+متعددة ونوعياتها والفئات المستفيدة منها أيضاً 
+
+151
+00:12:11,190 --> 00:12:16,350
+متعددة وهذه يمكن من الأمور التي تعكس برضه إلى 
+
+152
+00:12:16,350 --> 00:12:22,060
+الإعجاز الكريم الموجود في القرآن العظيم رب العالمين
+
+153
+00:12:22,060 --> 00:12:25,520
+وضع نهجاً إسلامياً يقتدي فيه جميع أفراد المجتمع
+
+154
+00:12:25,520 --> 00:12:32,000
+الإسلامي وعلى رأسهم هم البشر الصالحين المؤمنون
+
+155
+00:12:32,000 --> 00:12:37,800
+الذين يجتهدون لخدمة أوطانهم وخدمة دينهم وخدمة
+
+156
+00:12:37,800 --> 00:12:45,020
+زملاءهم وأقرباءهم في كل مكان وفي كل مجال يبدعون
+
+157
+00:12:45,020 --> 00:12:53,130
+فيه دائماً .. دائماً العمل الخيري يتم استسقاؤه من
+
+158
+00:12:53,130 --> 00:12:58,350
+الأطراف من الأفراد ذوي الـ ... الهمم العالية والهمة
+
+159
+00:12:58,350 --> 00:13:03,130
+العالية ورغبة في خدمة الجميع دائماً أهداف المجتمعات
+
+160
+00:13:03,130 --> 00:13:09,910
+تتحقق من خلال وجود إنسان .. بشر وإنسان فاعل في كل
+
+161
+00:13:09,910 --> 00:13:15,850
+مجال من مجالات العمل دائماً رب العالمين وضع سنة في
+
+162
+00:13:15,850 --> 00:13:22,530
+الأرض وهي وجود ابن آدم ليعمر في هذه الأرض ويقدم
+
+163
+00:13:22,530 --> 00:13:25,830
+الأعمال الصالحة التي يكافئ عليها إن شاء الله رب
+
+164
+00:13:25,830 --> 00:13:30,150
+العالمين بالخير والبركة والحسن العمل نحن هنا في 
+
+165
+00:13:30,150 --> 00:13:35,630
+محاضرة بسيطة ومختصرة تكلمنا فيها على أهمية الموارد
+
+166
+00:13:35,630 --> 00:13:39,810
+البشرية والتنمية البشرية التي تعددت آراؤها وأفكارها
+
+167
+00:13:39,810 --> 00:13:45,030
+موجودة في مجتمعاتنا ورب العالمين من أكثر من 1400
+
+168
+00:13:45,030 --> 00:13:49,030
+عام ذكر هدف القرآن الكريم ليقتدي الناس بالتعليم
+
+169
+00:13:49,030 --> 00:13:53,110
+الذي موجودة بتنمية الأفراد لتصلح بها المجتمعات
+
+170
+00:13:53,110 --> 00:13:56,930
+وهناك المؤسسات التي تعمل جاهدة من خلال مجموعات من 
+
+171
+00:13:56,930 --> 00:14:00,870
+الأفراد ذوي الكفاءة والاختصاص ورغبة منهم في
+
+172
+00:14:00,870 --> 00:14:06,660
+تطوير العمل نكتفي بهذا الجزء البسيط وإن شاء الله 
+
+173
+00:14:06,660 --> 00:14:10,380
+نلقاكم في محاضرة التالية التي تتكلم على موضوع
+
+174
+00:14:10,380 --> 00:14:14,540
+أهمية تنمية الموضوع البشرية في المؤسسات الخيرية أو 
+
+175
+00:14:14,540 --> 00:14:19,760
+منظمات المجتمع المدني الغير حكومية نتوقف في رؤية الله
+
+176
+00:14:19,760 --> 00:14:21,860
+توفيقه والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

PL9fwy3NUQKwbqRqP24yHh6436xDshIebX/EbFx-sEF_is_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1400 @@
+1
+00:00:04,950 --> 00:00:08,550
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والحمد لله رب العالمين
+
+2
+00:00:08,550 --> 00:00:15,210
+لقائنا الآن هيتكلم على فن الخدمة في المنظمات الغير
+
+3
+00:00:15,210 --> 00:00:24,490
+حكومية فن الخدمة هو أمر يختلف من مؤسسة لأخرى لأنه
+
+4
+00:00:24,490 --> 00:00:29,520
+فننعتمد فيه على بعض المعيير، بعض العلوم، بعض
+
+5
+00:00:29,520 --> 00:00:34,440
+المعارف لكنه يخضع إلى الذوق، يخضع إلى الأسلوب
+
+6
+00:00:34,440 --> 00:00:38,840
+والمنهجية والتفكير والخبرة والمهارة والرغبة
+
+7
+00:00:38,840 --> 00:00:42,860
+والدافعية لأن تتحول هذه المؤسسة أو العاملين بهذه
+
+8
+00:00:42,860 --> 00:00:52,360
+المؤسسة إلى ناس، أفراد، علاقات، شخصيات فاعلة في
+
+9
+00:00:52,360 --> 00:00:57,040
+مجتمعها وترغب في خدمة الجميعوتسعى دائما لإن تكون
+
+10
+00:00:57,040 --> 00:01:03,340
+مميزة ما بين المؤسسات الأخرى ففن الخدمة تفكير
+
+11
+00:01:03,340 --> 00:01:05,920
+المؤسسات الأكاديمية ومؤسسات اللي بتشغل في هذا
+
+12
+00:01:05,920 --> 00:01:10,380
+المجال يشغلها دائما لكي تتميز في فنون خدماتها
+
+13
+00:01:10,380 --> 00:01:16,410
+وخدماتهاتريد أن ترتقي بيها إلى مستويات أحلى، أحسن
+
+14
+00:01:16,410 --> 00:01:22,590
+وأفضل ولها قيماتها العالية في المجتمع ظهرت هناك
+
+15
+00:01:22,590 --> 00:01:26,470
+نظرية فن الخدمة أو نظرية المنظمة الناجحة المنظمة
+
+16
+00:01:26,470 --> 00:01:31,310
+المتألقة، المنظمة المميزة وهذه النظرية تقوم على أن
+
+17
+00:01:31,310 --> 00:01:36,860
+هناك مجموعة من الخطوات أو مجموعة من المراحلإذا
+
+18
+00:01:36,860 --> 00:01:42,360
+يعني أُخذت بكل أريحي وبكل بساطة انتقلنا من منظومة
+
+19
+00:01:42,360 --> 00:01:46,180
+إلى منظومة أفضل أو من .. من هيكل إلى هيكل أحسن أو
+
+20
+00:01:46,180 --> 00:01:49,560
+من مستوى إلى مستوى أرقى في التعاملنا مع المجتمع
+
+21
+00:01:49,560 --> 00:01:53,780
+وبالتالي الحصولنا على تبرعات وبالتالي زيادة فرص
+
+22
+00:01:53,780 --> 00:02:00,010
+مشاريعنا بطريقة فاعلةفكرة نظرية المنظمة الناجحة أو
+
+23
+00:02:00,010 --> 00:02:08,010
+المميزة أو فن الخدمة تبدأ في الخدمة الداخلية داخل
+
+24
+00:02:08,010 --> 00:02:13,570
+المنظمة الغير حكومية ليه؟زبائنها الداخليين أقول هم
+
+25
+00:02:13,570 --> 00:02:17,730
+الموظفين يعني الخدمة الداخلية نريد أن نصل إلى فن
+
+26
+00:02:17,730 --> 00:02:21,430
+الخدمة الخارجي نبدأ بالخدمة الداخلية لموظفيننا
+
+27
+00:02:21,430 --> 00:02:26,650
+وإتقاننا لتغفير خدماتنا لموظفيننا العاملين في
+
+28
+00:02:26,650 --> 00:02:33,490
+المؤسسات سيخلق عندهم نوع من الأرياحية وأشعور
+
+29
+00:02:33,490 --> 00:02:38,390
+بالرغبة في ال ..في الرضا أو شعوب بالرضا وبالتالي
+
+30
+00:02:38,390 --> 00:02:41,670
+هيترتب عليه الشعوب أو الرغبة في العمل الجاد والعمل
+
+31
+00:02:41,670 --> 00:02:46,250
+التمييز في العمل وأصبحوا موظفين مميزين يعني إذا
+
+32
+00:02:46,250 --> 00:02:52,630
+بدأنا هنا بالنقطة اللي هي إتقان الخدمات الداخلية
+
+33
+00:02:52,630 --> 00:02:59,070
+الخدمات الداخلية في المنظمة للموظفين
+
+34
+00:03:01,300 --> 00:03:07,180
+الخدمات الداخلية للموظفين هي خدمات مميزة أو خدمات
+
+35
+00:03:07,180 --> 00:03:14,480
+جيدةأصبحنا نقطة البداية بسيطة وسهلة و تبدأ من
+
+36
+00:03:14,480 --> 00:03:18,340
+البيت الداخلي فدائما الخدمات الممتازة للمنظمات
+
+37
+00:03:18,340 --> 00:03:22,720
+للموظفين الداخليين للموظفين .. الموظفين ..
+
+38
+00:03:22,720 --> 00:03:26,900
+الموظفين الداخليين ستشعرهم بالرضا وتشعرهم بالراحة
+
+39
+00:03:26,900 --> 00:03:33,640
+بالولاء التنظيمي لهذه المؤسسة فسنصل إلى رضا سنصل
+
+40
+00:03:33,640 --> 00:03:39,200
+إلى رضا من الموظفين رضا خاص بالموظفين
+
+41
+00:03:42,410 --> 00:03:48,410
+رضى الموظفين سيجعل من الموظفين شعلة ��ن النشاط
+
+42
+00:03:48,410 --> 00:03:52,670
+ورغبة في العمل الجاد والإصرار والمثابرة والعمل
+
+43
+00:03:52,670 --> 00:03:57,790
+الدقوب ليقدّموا خدماتهم بأريحية لزملائهم في العمل
+
+44
+00:03:57,790 --> 00:04:02,810
+وأيضًا للمجتمع الخارجي فسنصل إلى موظفين مميزين
+
+45
+00:04:02,810 --> 00:04:07,330
+موظفين
+
+46
+00:04:07,330 --> 00:04:08,210
+ممتازين
+
+47
+00:04:12,510 --> 00:04:18,290
+ومتميزين الكوادر أو هؤلاء الكوادر الموجودين داخل
+
+48
+00:04:18,290 --> 00:04:24,130
+المؤسسة هم من يعول عليهم أداء العمل هم من سيحملوا
+
+49
+00:04:24,130 --> 00:04:29,690
+على أكترافهم مراحل مختلفة لأنشطة وموارد وفعليات
+
+50
+00:04:29,690 --> 00:04:35,950
+لهذه المؤسسة فستصدر عنهم خدمات مميزة للجمهور هناك
+
+51
+00:04:35,950 --> 00:04:39,110
+خدمات مميزة
+
+52
+00:04:41,540 --> 00:04:46,760
+خدمات مميزة ظهرت من موظفين مميزين لأن عندهم رضا
+
+53
+00:04:46,760 --> 00:04:51,480
+الوظيفي ونشأت في البداية من خدمات داخلية كانت تقوم
+
+54
+00:04:51,480 --> 00:04:56,720
+بيها المؤسسة لموظفينها فالخدمات المميزة ستصل إلى
+
+55
+00:04:56,720 --> 00:05:00,600
+مؤسسات أو تصل إلى المتبرعين سواء أفراد كانوا
+
+56
+00:05:00,600 --> 00:05:08,340
+المؤسسات يعني أن مؤسسات أو أفراد هم
+
+57
+00:05:08,340 --> 00:05:09,300
+المتبرعين
+
+58
+00:05:13,860 --> 00:05:19,760
+المتبرعين سيذهب عند المتبرعين رضا المتبرعين هناك
+
+59
+00:05:19,760 --> 00:05:26,600
+المرحلة الأولى هي مرحلة الرضا ومرحلة الرضا
+
+60
+00:05:26,600 --> 00:05:35,960
+للمتبرعين ستخلق من عندهم رغبة في التبرع وحث غيرهم
+
+61
+00:05:35,960 --> 00:05:41,720
+على التبرع وعمل برنامج ليلهم زمن لموضوع التبرعاتلا
+
+62
+00:05:41,720 --> 00:05:46,300
+نغفر أيضًا أن هناك في أن برنامج أو برامج التسويق
+
+63
+00:05:46,300 --> 00:05:51,940
+برامج التسويق الخاصة بي المؤسسة لتسويق برامجها
+
+64
+00:05:51,940 --> 00:06:00,140
+بتقدم مقترحات مشاريع تعمل إعلانات محاوثبة بتقدم
+
+65
+00:06:00,140 --> 00:06:07,960
+إعلانات تشجيعية وحوافز معنوية للمجتمع وبالتاليجهود
+
+66
+00:06:07,960 --> 00:06:11,440
+التسويق خاصة ببرامج التسويق والجهود الخاصة برضه
+
+67
+00:06:11,440 --> 00:06:16,080
+المتبرعين ستزود من عدد المتبرعين وبالتالي تزيد
+
+68
+00:06:16,080 --> 00:06:22,840
+التبرعات فهنا ستزيد عندنا أعداد المتبرعين بالتبعية
+
+69
+00:06:22,840 --> 00:06:31,200
+ستزيد أعداد المتبرعين وفي نفس الوقت ستزيد عندنا
+
+70
+00:06:31,200 --> 00:06:40,650
+التبرعات زيادة التبرعاتيعني الهدف الأساسي هو الحصة
+
+71
+00:06:40,650 --> 00:06:46,550
+السوقية أو من يعلموا عن هذه المؤسسة ويرغبوا في
+
+72
+00:06:46,550 --> 00:06:51,830
+تطوير عمل هذه المؤسسة ودعم إمكانياتها وتعزيز
+
+73
+00:06:51,830 --> 00:06:56,430
+برامجها سيزيد الحصيلة كل ما زادت الحصيلة من
+
+74
+00:06:56,430 --> 00:07:00,650
+المتبرعين ستزيد عندنا الأدوات الأدوات الخاصة
+
+75
+00:07:00,650 --> 00:07:04,230
+بالتبرعات زيادة التبرعات
+
+76
+00:07:07,100 --> 00:07:15,680
+ستؤدي إلى زيادة كبيرة وملحوظة في شيء رئيسي الكل
+
+77
+00:07:15,680 --> 00:07:19,360
+يعني ينظر لإله بطريقة مستمرة اللي هي زيادة
+
+78
+00:07:19,360 --> 00:07:24,000
+المشاريع والمشاريع
+
+79
+00:07:24,000 --> 00:07:27,980
+هي ما تعول عليها المؤسسات والهدف الأساسي من هذه
+
+80
+00:07:27,980 --> 00:07:34,020
+المشاريع هي الوصول لفئات المستهدفة أو
+
+81
+00:07:35,860 --> 00:07:42,480
+ووضع برامج أو مشاريع لتغطية نفقات هذه المؤسسات وفي
+
+82
+00:07:42,480 --> 00:07:46,940
+نفس الوقت تستطيع تصل إلى فئات ذات حاجة تطوير
+
+83
+00:07:46,940 --> 00:07:52,080
+المهنةووضع أنظمة تنظم العمل في هذه المهنة أو نصل
+
+84
+00:07:52,080 --> 00:07:58,700
+إلى فئات مهمشة أو فئات تحتاج إلى الدعم فهذه
+
+85
+00:07:58,700 --> 00:08:02,580
+المنظومة هناخدها بالتفصيل في موضوع موضوعنا اليوم
+
+86
+00:08:02,580 --> 00:08:06,340
+هنتكلم على المراحل المختلفة كيف نصل إلى زيادة
+
+87
+00:08:06,340 --> 00:08:09,840
+المشروع يعني بدأنا في نواة صغيرة هي تميز الخدمات
+
+88
+00:08:09,840 --> 00:08:14,890
+داخل مؤسستناوصلنا إلى هدف وغير كبير اللي هي وجود
+
+89
+00:08:14,890 --> 00:08:21,210
+مشاريع ممولة من جهات خارجية إذا وعدت المنظمات
+
+90
+00:08:21,210 --> 00:08:25,570
+الغير حكومية هذه الحقيقة من البداية إن أهتم أنا
+
+91
+00:08:25,570 --> 00:08:31,170
+بأمور بسيطة وتفاصيل مهمة داخل مؤسستي فأحسن العمل
+
+92
+00:08:31,170 --> 00:08:36,830
+فيها تؤدي فيه إلى مشاريع مدروسة وواضحة وهذه
+
+93
+00:08:36,830 --> 00:08:42,000
+المشاريع لها جهات ممولةنعرف إن العديد من المؤسسات
+
+94
+00:08:42,000 --> 00:08:46,280
+لديها أفكار مشاريع ولكن ليس لديها التمويل فستبقى
+
+95
+00:08:46,280 --> 00:08:51,140
+هذه المشاريع حبيثة الأوراق والملفات ولا تظهر على
+
+96
+00:08:51,140 --> 00:08:55,060
+أرض الواقع إلا بوجود الجهات الممولة والداعمة التي
+
+97
+00:08:55,060 --> 00:08:59,360
+تعزز الصمودة طب ليش المؤسسات ما تعمل على الشقيم
+
+98
+00:08:59,360 --> 00:09:03,780
+تعمل على وضع المشاريع وفي نفس الوقت تذهب إلى البحث
+
+99
+00:09:03,780 --> 00:09:08,030
+على مصادر التمويل المناسبة من خلال إحسان أدائهاو
+
+100
+00:09:08,030 --> 00:09:11,990
+تطوير و تميز مهارات موظفينها و الوصول فيها إلى
+
+101
+00:09:11,990 --> 00:09:15,390
+مجالات عالية نشوف التفاصيل اللي موجودة عندنا في
+
+102
+00:09:15,390 --> 00:09:20,650
+كتابنا نحن في موضوع فن الخدمةتحدثنا أن هناك العديد
+
+103
+00:09:20,650 --> 00:09:25,110
+من شرايح المجتمع وكله أنهي أفكاره وعاداته وأسلوبه
+
+104
+00:09:25,110 --> 00:09:31,210
+ورضاه عن الخدمات أو طيق التفكيره فنسعى دائما بالفن
+
+105
+00:09:31,210 --> 00:09:35,450
+و بالأسلوب و بالمهارة أن نصل إلى الجميع ونرضي ما
+
+106
+00:09:35,450 --> 00:09:41,110
+نستطيع من خلال تواصلنا المباشر محم وخاصة الفئات
+
+107
+00:09:41,110 --> 00:09:45,850
+المتبرعةالفئات المتبرعة هي ما عول عليها بناء
+
+108
+00:09:45,850 --> 00:09:49,650
+المشاريع وتطوير أليات العمل في المؤسسات وإدارتنا
+
+109
+00:09:49,650 --> 00:09:54,130
+للخدمات وتحقيقنا لمفاهيم الجودة بين العاملين
+
+110
+00:09:54,130 --> 00:10:00,550
+والمصادقة لهذه الأمر دائما نريد عاملين وأليات عمل
+
+111
+00:10:00,550 --> 00:10:05,680
+في المؤسسة تضمن الجودةوالجودة تكمن في احترام
+
+112
+00:10:05,680 --> 00:10:10,940
+الموظفين واحترام الموظفين لزملائهم ولمجتمع و
+
+113
+00:10:10,940 --> 00:10:15,100
+الفئات المستفيدة حتى من هذه الخدمات هنا قصة طريفة
+
+114
+00:10:15,100 --> 00:10:19,780
+في أحد الخطوط الجوية قال لهم رئيس مجلس إضاءة لدينا
+
+115
+00:10:19,780 --> 00:10:23,760
+خمسين ألف لحظة صدق في عملنا كل يوم عندما يقول
+
+116
+00:10:23,760 --> 00:10:29,380
+الموظفينالـ 50 ألف يتقابلوا مع الموظف، مع مختلف
+
+117
+00:10:29,380 --> 00:10:37,160
+الأعمار والناس والاحتياجات من المستهلكين بتقديم
+
+118
+00:10:37,160 --> 00:10:42,290
+خدمات الطيران لإلهم بمختلف أشكالهافهذه اللحظات هي
+
+119
+00:10:42,290 --> 00:10:45,790
+لحظات الصدق، الالتقاء المباشر ما بين صاحب الخدمة،
+
+120
+00:10:45,790 --> 00:10:48,750
+مقدم الخدمة وما بين مستفيد هذه الخدمة هي لحظة
+
+121
+00:10:48,750 --> 00:10:54,190
+الصدق، لحظة الصدق ستعكس هل هي شركة جيدة أم شركة
+
+122
+00:10:54,190 --> 00:10:58,170
+تحتاج إلى تطوير، لا نريد أن نقول سيئة، لكن تحتاج
+
+123
+00:10:58,170 --> 00:11:02,330
+إلى تطوير أو لا سالت لسه في البدايةفدائما لحظات
+
+124
+00:11:02,330 --> 00:11:07,030
+الصدق هي التي تعطي الانطباع عن هذه المؤسسة
+
+125
+00:11:07,030 --> 00:11:11,830
+وبالتالي توقع أدائها سيكون هذا الأداء للأفضل
+
+126
+00:11:11,830 --> 00:11:16,870
+وسيكون لديها مشاريع أحسن وحيكون هناك تميز في هذه
+
+127
+00:11:16,870 --> 00:11:20,670
+المؤسسة في مجتمعها في ضل حتى الظروف الصعبة ستكون
+
+128
+00:11:20,670 --> 00:11:24,910
+هناك دائما يعني بواد العمل وفرص للترقي لهذه
+
+129
+00:11:24,910 --> 00:11:30,370
+المؤسسةأي موظف يعمل في المعامل الخيري بطريقة معينة
+
+130
+00:11:30,370 --> 00:11:37,130
+يجب أن يراجع نفسه ويكون من الذين يقدمون فكرة لحظات
+
+131
+00:11:37,130 --> 00:11:42,090
+الصدق يسيطر على سلوكه يسيطر على رغبته وقدرته في
+
+132
+00:11:42,090 --> 00:11:48,710
+العمل اندفعه للعمل الخدمي بكل احترام وبكل محبة
+
+133
+00:11:48,710 --> 00:11:54,720
+وبكل تعاون في المجتمعهذه اللحظات هي التي في تجمحها
+
+134
+00:11:54,720 --> 00:12:00,300
+مع بعض للموظفين تشكل المؤسسة وبالتالي البنات اللي
+
+135
+00:12:00,300 --> 00:12:04,400
+تتكون المؤسسة وتكون أنشطتها ومشاريحها يجب أن تكون
+
+136
+00:12:04,400 --> 00:12:09,060
+بنات جيدة وصالحة ومترابطة ويكون بينها أسلوب راقف
+
+137
+00:12:09,060 --> 00:12:12,800
+في هذه التعاملفاحنا تكلمنا برضه على نظرية المنظمة
+
+138
+00:12:12,800 --> 00:12:18,700
+الناجحة أو فن الخدمة من خلال أجسم توضيحي يبسط
+
+139
+00:12:18,700 --> 00:12:23,120
+الخطوات فنبدأ الخطوات واحدة واحدة هناك الخدمة
+
+140
+00:12:23,120 --> 00:12:27,670
+الداخلية الممتازةتصظم الإدارة العليا للموظفين من
+
+141
+00:12:27,670 --> 00:12:31,990
+خلال قسمين قسم الخدمات المادية من حيث ثرواتب
+
+142
+00:12:31,990 --> 00:12:37,110
+والمكافئات والتكنولوجيا الحواسيب والأجهزة بيئة
+
+143
+00:12:37,110 --> 00:12:42,650
+العمل مناخ العمل الذي يقدم للموظفحتى دقيق التفاصيل
+
+144
+00:12:42,650 --> 00:12:47,210
+مثلًا مثلًا الضيافة البسيطة للعملين أو الإضاءة
+
+145
+00:12:47,210 --> 00:12:53,430
+التهوية التبريد يعني الأمور الخاصة بيعني راحة
+
+146
+00:12:53,430 --> 00:12:58,570
+الموظفين في أماكن عملهم من أمور يعني خاصة حتى
+
+147
+00:12:58,570 --> 00:13:04,170
+بالجلسة نفسها والكراسي والمكاتب هذه كل الأمور يعني
+
+148
+00:13:04,170 --> 00:13:12,040
+تقدم الخدمات المادية بناحية مقبولةمن الموظفين
+
+149
+00:13:12,040 --> 00:13:15,360
+بالعكس ويكون فيهم تميز واحترام الموظفين لأماكن
+
+150
+00:13:15,360 --> 00:13:19,740
+عملهم الجانب الأخر والجانب المادي المعنوي خاصة
+
+151
+00:13:19,740 --> 00:13:24,440
+بالشعور خاصة بالسعادة والراحة وأريحية مكان العمل
+
+152
+00:13:24,440 --> 00:13:30,760
+والمشاركةالمشاركة والتعاون وروح المحبة اللي تسود
+
+153
+00:13:30,760 --> 00:13:36,120
+بين العملين لأن مناخ العمل بين الموظفين هو الشعور
+
+154
+00:13:36,120 --> 00:13:41,340
+اللي بيستمر لدى الموظفين حتى لما يذهب إلى منزله أو
+
+155
+00:13:41,340 --> 00:13:46,060
+حتى ينتقل من عملهم أو حتى يعني في أيام أجازاتهم
+
+156
+00:13:46,450 --> 00:13:51,070
+وتحفزه أن يرجع بسرعة إلى عمله اللي يشعر فيه
+
+157
+00:13:51,070 --> 00:13:55,550
+بالراحة و بالمحبة و بطمأنينة من زملاءه والتقدير و
+
+158
+00:13:55,550 --> 00:13:59,230
+ال .. و ال .. يعني الأمور الخاصة حتى بشهادات
+
+159
+00:13:59,230 --> 00:14:02,270
+التقدير والشكر و الخطابات هذه أمور لمساتها البسيطة
+
+160
+00:14:02,270 --> 00:14:05,950
+من مجلس الادارة تقدم للموظفين ولها مفعول السحر على
+
+161
+00:14:05,950 --> 00:14:11,290
+أدائهم و على ولاقهم التنظيمي للمؤسسة إذا
+
+162
+00:14:11,290 --> 00:14:14,650
+ظهرت المرحلة الأولى اللي هي الخدمات المميزة
+
+163
+00:14:14,650 --> 00:14:19,160
+للموظفينسينبع لدى الموظفين شعور بالغضب وشعور
+
+164
+00:14:19,160 --> 00:14:25,380
+باقناعه وشعور بالانسجام وشعور بأنه جزء أساسي في
+
+165
+00:14:25,380 --> 00:14:30,000
+هذه المؤسسة سيكون هو يعني قلبه حنون وقلبه دائما
+
+166
+00:14:30,000 --> 00:14:36,400
+مرتبط بهذه المؤسسة في دراسة يعني لولاء التنظيمي
+
+167
+00:14:36,400 --> 00:14:40,790
+لبعض العاملينفي بعض المؤسسات في اليابان كانوا
+
+168
+00:14:40,790 --> 00:14:45,510
+يسألوا عينات عشوائية من الناس يقولولهم ايش جنسيتك
+
+169
+00:14:45,510 --> 00:14:50,010
+بكل بساطة كان يقول انا جنسيتي Toyota او انا جنسيتي
+
+170
+00:14:50,010 --> 00:14:54,970
+Mitsubishi بمعنى ان الموظف يقول انا دولتي او
+
+171
+00:14:54,970 --> 00:15:00,430
+حكومتي او من يقوم بالاشراف علياهي شركتي اللي
+
+172
+00:15:00,430 --> 00:15:07,970
+أفخرني أنا أنتمي لإلها فهو يعني يعمل كعنصر فاعل
+
+173
+00:15:07,970 --> 00:15:13,430
+طول حياته في مؤسسة تحترمه تحترم رغباته وإمكانياته
+
+174
+00:15:13,430 --> 00:15:16,670
+وقدراته رغبة في أنها توصله إلى المكان المناسب أو
+
+175
+00:15:16,670 --> 00:15:21,950
+المناقم ليكون إنسان مميز حتى في مجتمعه فدائما رضا
+
+176
+00:15:21,950 --> 00:15:24,890
+الموظفين عن منظماتهم ارتباطهم فيها بشكل عالي جدا
+
+177
+00:15:25,290 --> 00:15:31,370
+سيجعل من هذه المنظمة هي شعلة من النشاط من خلال
+
+178
+00:15:31,370 --> 00:15:36,730
+موظفينها الأكفاء فبالتالي نصل هنا إلى كفاءة وتميز
+
+179
+00:15:36,730 --> 00:15:40,990
+الموظفين أرضها سيشعرهم بالتميز و بالرضا والأمر
+
+180
+00:15:40,990 --> 00:15:46,330
+النفسي له انطباع عالي جدا على الإبداع والابتكار
+
+181
+00:15:46,330 --> 00:15:50,650
+للعملين في هذه المؤسساتوالمنظمات الغير حكومية
+
+182
+00:15:50,650 --> 00:15:54,530
+معروف عنها أنها تعمل في ظروف صعبة و تحت الضغط
+
+183
+00:15:54,530 --> 00:15:59,470
+وأحيانًا تكون في أمور كوارث طبيعية أو كوارث يعني
+
+184
+00:15:59,470 --> 00:16:04,390
+اجتماعية أو كوارث سياسية أو عسكرية أو اقتصادية
+
+185
+00:16:04,390 --> 00:16:10,450
+يعني عملها دائمًا يحتاج من موظفينها دائمًا الفعلية
+
+186
+00:16:10,450 --> 00:16:15,810
+والكفاءة لأداء عمالهميعني حتى موضوع الإبداع وجدت
+
+187
+00:16:15,810 --> 00:16:19,410
+في شركة Toyota العالمية مع أنها مؤنظمة خاصة لكن
+
+188
+00:16:19,410 --> 00:16:23,590
+يقتدى بتطبيقاتها في مجال عملنا في المنظمات الغير
+
+189
+00:16:23,590 --> 00:16:29,670
+حكومية يعني هناك يوم للإبداع يعتبر في هذه المؤسسة
+
+190
+00:16:29,670 --> 00:16:34,050
+تتوقف فيه المؤسسة بالكامل عن أي أعمال عن أي إنتاج
+
+191
+00:16:34,050 --> 00:16:38,170
+عن أي أمور مالية أو إدارية فقطكل الموظفين عندهم
+
+192
+00:16:38,170 --> 00:16:41,970
+يدوم يوم واحد هذا يوم الإبداع في الشركة بيقتل
+
+193
+00:16:41,970 --> 00:16:49,110
+عاملين بأسرهم وأولادهم وبيكون مناخ من المحبة ومناخ
+
+194
+00:16:49,110 --> 00:16:54,190
+من الترفيه وكل واحد من الموظفين يتابط مع مجموعة من
+
+195
+00:16:54,190 --> 00:16:57,990
+زملاءه بيعملوا مجموعة عمل وبيقدموا منتج فيه إبداع
+
+196
+00:16:57,990 --> 00:17:02,550
+يقدموا مسابقات فيها إبداع يقدموا بعض الأمور
+
+197
+00:17:02,550 --> 00:17:08,680
+الترفية مثل مثلا مسابقات ان كل مجموعة عملتقارب فيه
+
+198
+00:17:08,680 --> 00:17:13,100
+إبداع وفيه إبتكار يسير على الأرض ويسير فيه النهر
+
+199
+00:17:13,100 --> 00:17:16,880
+أو البحر وعملوا المسابقة بين المجموعات ومين أفضل
+
+200
+00:17:16,880 --> 00:17:22,580
+مجموعة تقدم طالب تقدم يعني قارب مبتكر وكان نوع من
+
+201
+00:17:22,580 --> 00:17:26,340
+الترفيه يعني والابتسامات لما كانت القوارب يعني
+
+202
+00:17:26,340 --> 00:17:29,080
+تمشي على الأرض و لما تنزل في البحر كانت تغرق
+
+203
+00:17:29,340 --> 00:17:34,260
+والفريق كله يعني حاول ينقذ الموقف فكانت موقفات
+
+204
+00:17:34,260 --> 00:17:41,900
+طريفة بتكون في يعني يوم .. يوم تعول عليه المؤسسة
+
+205
+00:17:41,900 --> 00:17:46,360
+في خلق منه نوع من الرفاهية بين الموظفين، ربط
+
+206
+00:17:46,360 --> 00:17:51,160
+الموظفين مع بعضهم البعض، أيضًا تتصيدالأفكار
+
+207
+00:17:51,160 --> 00:17:55,900
+الإبداعية و أيضًا ترصد فيها كفاءات الأفراد وتتعرف
+
+208
+00:17:55,900 --> 00:17:58,900
+على الموظفين من خلال إنجازاتهم وإبداعاتهم وعملهم
+
+209
+00:17:58,900 --> 00:18:06,000
+الجماعي يعني هو ليس فقط يوم لضياع المجهودات أيضًا
+
+210
+00:18:06,000 --> 00:18:11,940
+يكافأ فيه أفضل الأفكار المميزة وتقدم على طبق من
+
+211
+00:18:11,940 --> 00:18:17,190
+الذهبإدار مجلس إدارة الشركة لماذا لا تتذنى مثل هذه
+
+212
+00:18:17,190 --> 00:18:21,110
+الأفكار وبعض اللمسات البسيطة على منتجاتها ويكون
+
+213
+00:18:21,110 --> 00:18:27,360
+فيها نوع من الإبتكار وأسبقية؟الخدمات المميزة التي
+
+214
+00:18:27,360 --> 00:18:32,200
+يقدمها العاملين بما هم عاملين الآن مميزين فما يصدر
+
+215
+00:18:32,200 --> 00:18:36,580
+عنهم سيكون مميز وبالتالي خدماتهم للمجتمع المحيط أو
+
+216
+00:18:36,580 --> 00:18:42,860
+الفئات المستفيدة سيكون فيه خدمات مميزة وسينعكس هذا
+
+217
+00:18:42,860 --> 00:18:46,200
+على طول من الفئات المستفيدة ستشعر بالغضب وستشعر
+
+218
+00:18:46,200 --> 00:18:52,000
+بالسعادة حصلت على خدمات مميزة من أشخاص يحترموهم
+
+219
+00:18:52,000 --> 00:18:56,090
+ويودوهم ويقدموهم كل ما يستطيعوافبالتالي سنصل إلى
+
+220
+00:18:56,090 --> 00:19:00,570
+رضى الـ … رضى الناس اللي هم المستفيدين ورضى
+
+221
+00:19:00,570 --> 00:19:03,890
+المستفيدين وانتشارها دي الشريحة ورغبة الناس في
+
+222
+00:19:03,890 --> 00:19:10,730
+تعامل مع هذه المؤسسة والتردد عليها واحترامها وحتى
+
+223
+00:19:10,730 --> 00:19:15,910
+ذكرها ما بينهم وبين بعض بمدى إحساس هذه المؤسسة
+
+224
+00:19:15,910 --> 00:19:21,510
+بالفئات دوة العلاقة سيصل هذا كله إلى المتبرعين
+
+225
+00:19:22,530 --> 00:19:27,910
+المتبرعين سواء كانوا أفراد أو مؤسسات يمكن التواصل
+
+226
+00:19:27,910 --> 00:19:33,130
+معهم بطريقة شخصية أو بطريقة غير مباشرة لدعم أنشطة
+
+227
+00:19:33,130 --> 00:19:37,330
+هذه المؤسسة وتقديم خدمتها واستمر في تقديم خدمتها
+
+228
+00:19:37,330 --> 00:19:43,400
+بطريقة مستمرة أحد الأصدقاءيشغل منصب ما شاء الله
+
+229
+00:19:43,400 --> 00:19:49,720
+عليه صديق من أصدقاء الدراسة يشغل منصب عالي او رفيع
+
+230
+00:19:49,720 --> 00:19:54,460
+المستوى في إحدى دولنا العربية الآن يعني اشتهد
+
+231
+00:19:54,460 --> 00:19:59,340
+والده رحمة الله عليه وهو في عمل منظومة قانونية
+
+232
+00:19:59,340 --> 00:20:06,390
+ضخمة للدول العربيةوهذه المنظومة تقدم للمؤسسات
+
+233
+00:20:06,390 --> 00:20:10,450
+للحصول عليها ووضحها في مكتبتهم كتكون مرجعية في
+
+234
+00:20:10,450 --> 00:20:14,690
+القوانين العربية فكرة رائدة وفكرة جيدة وفكرة مميزة
+
+235
+00:20:14,690 --> 00:20:19,190
+لكن من أين التمويل لهذه الفكرة الرائدة؟ لأن تكلفة
+
+236
+00:20:19,190 --> 00:20:23,440
+هذه المنظومة عالية جدامجموعة ضخمة من الكتب تشكل كل
+
+237
+00:20:23,440 --> 00:20:28,460
+القوانين العربية فكان تمويلهم ببساطة يعتمد على
+
+238
+00:20:28,460 --> 00:20:34,480
+المتبرعين لكي تحت مسمة هذه العبارة لكي نستمر في
+
+239
+00:20:34,480 --> 00:20:39,940
+تمييزنا في تقديم هذه الخدمة الجيدة والخدمة الخاصة
+
+240
+00:20:39,940 --> 00:20:42,860
+بتطوير مؤسساتنا العربية ومؤسساتنا القانونية
+
+241
+00:20:42,860 --> 00:20:48,160
+والحقوقية نتمنى منكم بكل بساطة دعمنا فقط هذه كلمة
+
+242
+00:20:48,160 --> 00:20:54,790
+بسيطةبعض المواقع الإلكترونية التي يعني تقدم الكتب
+
+243
+00:20:54,790 --> 00:21:02,130
+في صورة يعني كتب رقمية و كتب يمكن حصول عليها مجانا
+
+244
+00:21:02,130 --> 00:21:07,370
+من خلال المواقع على الانترنت فبعض هذه المواقعلاحظت
+
+245
+00:21:07,370 --> 00:21:12,570
+أن تمويلها من خلال هذه العبارة لكي نتميز لكي نستمر
+
+246
+00:21:12,570 --> 00:21:17,590
+لكي نستطيع أن نستمر في عملنا اللي هو توفير كتب
+
+247
+00:21:17,590 --> 00:21:24,990
+مجانا على موقعنا برجاء أن تدعمونا تدعمونا و أي شيء
+
+248
+00:21:24,990 --> 00:21:28,630
+مقبول منكم أي شيء أو أي يعني بادرة طيبة من
+
+249
+00:21:28,630 --> 00:21:32,490
+المتبرعين هي مقبولة فرض المتبرعين يمكن حصول عليه
+
+250
+00:21:32,490 --> 00:21:38,780
+لإحساسهم بالمسئوليةورغبتهم في محافظة على هذا العمل
+
+251
+00:21:38,780 --> 00:21:43,880
+ومحافظة على دعم هذا العمل وتطوير هذه الفكرة إلى
+
+252
+00:21:43,880 --> 00:21:46,540
+مؤسسة وتطوير هذه المؤسسة ودعمها لتستمر في عملها
+
+253
+00:21:47,830 --> 00:21:51,710
+فرضى المتبرعين وزيادة الشريحة الخاصة بالمتبرعين
+
+254
+00:21:51,710 --> 00:21:56,770
+ستزيد يعني سنصل لشريحة أكبر وهذه الشريحة دائما
+
+255
+00:21:56,770 --> 00:22:01,610
+تسجل قاعدة بيانات للمؤنظمات الغير حكومية وسيتم
+
+256
+00:22:01,610 --> 00:22:06,510
+التواصل معها ودعمها بوسائل الإعلام والدعاية
+
+257
+00:22:06,510 --> 00:22:10,070
+والتواصل معهم شخصيا أو بطريقة إلكترونية أو بطريقة
+
+258
+00:22:10,070 --> 00:22:14,940
+مطبوعات أو بطرق مختلفةوزيادة عدد المتبرعين بيكمل
+
+259
+00:22:14,940 --> 00:22:20,640
+فيه ما يقصد بيه التسويق الشبكي يعني إذا وصلنا إلى
+
+260
+00:22:20,640 --> 00:22:24,880
+مبعض الأشخاص هدول أشخاص اللي هم علاقات مع غيرهم
+
+261
+00:22:24,880 --> 00:22:28,620
+يعني كل شخص يمثل شبكة علاقات مع ناس أخرين فبالتالي
+
+262
+00:22:28,620 --> 00:22:31,560
+تواصلنا مع مجموعة من الأفراد وليكم مثلا عصيبي مثلا
+
+263
+00:22:31,560 --> 00:22:36,410
+عشرةكل واحد من هؤلاء العشرة المتبرعين له شبكة
+
+264
+00:22:36,410 --> 00:22:43,350
+علاقات أيضًا عشرة فالعشرة يعني علاقات من خلال كل
+
+265
+00:22:43,350 --> 00:22:47,920
+شخصواحنا عندنا عشر أشخاص في البداية فعشرة فعشرة بـ
+
+266
+00:22:47,920 --> 00:22:50,520
+100 متبرع سناصر إلا مات متبرع من خلال العشرة
+
+267
+00:22:50,520 --> 00:22:54,420
+المتبرعين من خلال ميارات بتسويق الشبكة أو اللي هو
+
+268
+00:22:54,420 --> 00:22:57,640
+بنسميها ال word of the mouth أو word of mouth اللي
+
+269
+00:22:57,640 --> 00:23:02,000
+هو الكلمات اللي تنتقل الطيب تنتقل الكلمات الطيبة
+
+270
+00:23:02,000 --> 00:23:08,320
+من شخص إلى آخرين يعني زملاء أصدقاء أقارب و جيرانه
+
+271
+00:23:08,320 --> 00:23:13,780
+فبالتالي سيعزز عدد المتبرعين لهذه المؤسسةلما تزيد
+
+272
+00:23:13,780 --> 00:23:17,720
+الشريحة الخاصة بالمتبرعين سنصل إلى عدد يعني عدد
+
+273
+00:23:17,720 --> 00:23:22,080
+طيب وبالتالي الحصيلة أو التبرعات سواء عينية أو
+
+274
+00:23:22,080 --> 00:23:27,060
+نقدية أو خدماتية أو أي أن كانت ستكون هذه التبرعات
+
+275
+00:23:27,060 --> 00:23:33,660
+تصل إلى مقييس عالية سنويًا وهذه التبرعات ستدعم
+
+276
+00:23:33,660 --> 00:23:37,860
+صمود وتعزز أداء هذه المؤسسة على سبيل المثال في
+
+277
+00:23:37,860 --> 00:23:42,510
+دراسة بسيطة يشير إلى الكتاب أن المتبرعينالاخرين
+
+278
+00:23:42,510 --> 00:23:46,490
+ممكن
+
+279
+00:23:46,490 --> 00:23:50,670
+اللي هم التسويق الشبكي سيصلوا إلى 66% من حجم
+
+280
+00:23:50,670 --> 00:23:54,790
+التبرعات الجديدة للمؤسسة والدعاية والإعلام
+
+281
+00:23:54,790 --> 00:24:00,950
+المباشرة التي يكلفناكمؤسسة ندفع أموالًا إلى جهات
+
+282
+00:24:00,950 --> 00:24:05,530
+متخصصة لعمل دعاية وإعلام على الـ Internet أو على
+
+283
+00:24:05,530 --> 00:24:09,330
+الصحافة المطبوعة أو من خلال التلفزيون أو الإذاعة
+
+284
+00:24:09,330 --> 00:24:16,030
+سيكون حصيلتهم 34% فهنا تلتين وتلت تقريبًا يعني
+
+285
+00:24:16,030 --> 00:24:20,050
+تلتين التبرعات الجديدة أو التبرعات التي تحصلها
+
+286
+00:24:20,050 --> 00:24:25,020
+المؤسسة تكون من خلال ناس حديثهم مع ناس آخرينيعني
+
+287
+00:24:25,020 --> 00:24:27,680
+التسويق الشبكي، هذا أمر يعوّل عليه بشكل عالي جداً
+
+288
+00:24:27,680 --> 00:24:30,520
+وأيضاً هذا التسويق لا يحتاج إلا مننا إلا تكليف
+
+289
+00:24:30,520 --> 00:24:36,640
+لأنه إحنا إبقاءنا علاقة مع أشخاص يعني ذوي ارتباط
+
+290
+00:24:36,640 --> 00:24:41,100
+ووثيق واحترام بالمؤسسة هم سيعملوا بدورهم على ربط
+
+291
+00:24:41,100 --> 00:24:45,580
+هذه المؤسسة بعدد ضخم من خلال علاقاتهم الأخرين ولن
+
+292
+00:24:45,580 --> 00:24:49,820
+يكلف المؤسسة أي شيء وهذه المنظومة أصبح القطاع
+
+293
+00:24:49,820 --> 00:24:54,210
+الخاص يستخدمهايعني بيجي مثلًا واحد صاحب مصنع بيقول
+
+294
+00:24:54,210 --> 00:24:57,730
+أي واحد يسوق لمنتج ويبدأ يديله عمولة 10% بالاضافة
+
+295
+00:24:57,730 --> 00:25:06,090
+إلى نسبة الربح لشخص يسوق مباشرة المرحلة الأخيرة هي
+
+296
+00:25:06,090 --> 00:25:08,910
+مرحلة إقامة المشاريع المختلفة وإقامتنا للمشاريع
+
+297
+00:25:08,910 --> 00:25:13,450
+المختلفة لدى العديد من المؤسسات مشاريع في الصحة
+
+298
+00:25:13,450 --> 00:25:15,810
+والتعليم والتربية ونواحي الاجتماعية والزراعية
+
+299
+00:25:15,810 --> 00:25:17,910
+والصناعية المشاريع اللي حاصرة لها لدى المؤسسات
+
+300
+00:25:17,910 --> 00:25:22,450
+الغير حكومية لكنها تنقصها التمويلفكيف نأتي
+
+301
+00:25:22,450 --> 00:25:26,870
+بالتمويل من خلال المتبرعين؟ طب كيف نأتي بالمتبرعين
+
+302
+00:25:26,870 --> 00:25:30,630
+من خلال تميز الخدمات التي تصل الفئات ذات العلاقة
+
+303
+00:25:30,630 --> 00:25:34,070
+أو الفئات المستهدفة؟ طب كيف نصل إلى رضا الفئات ذات
+
+304
+00:25:34,070 --> 00:25:39,690
+العلاقة أو الفئات المستهدفة من خلال موظفين مميزين
+
+305
+00:25:39,690 --> 00:25:44,570
+ذو كفاءة ورغبة وقدرة في العمل الجاد والمضني؟طيب
+
+306
+00:25:44,570 --> 00:25:49,330
+ليش؟ لما هذا يقوم هذا الموظف بيقضي أفضل شيء عنده و
+
+307
+00:25:49,330 --> 00:25:54,750
+يقدم أفضل خدمات للموظفين الأخرين لأنه يشعر بالغضب
+
+308
+00:25:54,750 --> 00:25:58,590
+و يشعر بالانتنان و يشعر بالولاء لهذه المنظمة طيب
+
+309
+00:25:58,590 --> 00:26:02,380
+من أين بدت نقطة البداية؟نقطة البداية يقوم تقوم
+
+310
+00:26:02,380 --> 00:26:07,140
+الإدارة أو مجلس الإدارة بتقديم خدمات مميزة واحترام
+
+311
+00:26:07,140 --> 00:26:11,480
+لموظفينها وبالتالي سينعكس هذا الأداء أو هذا التطور
+
+312
+00:26:11,480 --> 00:26:17,280
+على قدرة المؤسسة على تحقيق يعني سبق في إنجازات
+
+313
+00:26:17,280 --> 00:26:22,600
+المشاريع ووصولها إلى كثير من الأهداف التي تم رسمها
+
+314
+00:26:22,600 --> 00:26:25,860
+و تم الوصول إليها هنا نريد أن نختم في موضوع فن
+
+315
+00:26:25,860 --> 00:26:30,270
+خدمة المتبرعينفن خدمة المتبرعين والتواصل معهم
+
+316
+00:26:30,270 --> 00:26:34,030
+وتحقيق الرغبات والاشباع تحقيق لهم أهدافهم
+
+317
+00:26:34,030 --> 00:26:38,430
+المتبرعين عندهم رؤية و عندهم رسالة و عندهم أفكار و
+
+318
+00:26:38,430 --> 00:26:43,090
+عندهم أحلام يريدوا .. يريدوا ناس يحقيقلهم هذه
+
+319
+00:26:43,090 --> 00:26:49,760
+الأحلاميريدوا ناس جدين ومميزين في احترامهم
+
+320
+00:26:49,760 --> 00:26:53,160
+للمتبرعين المتبرعين لديهم المال قد لا يكون لديهم
+
+321
+00:26:53,160 --> 00:26:56,160
+الوقت وقد لا يكون لديهم المعرفة مش عارفين يحطوا
+
+322
+00:26:56,160 --> 00:26:59,120
+أموالهم وين وحتى لو بتحطوا أموالهم بيحطوها في
+
+323
+00:26:59,120 --> 00:27:04,380
+أماكن يثقوا فيها ومع أشخاص مؤتمنين وبالتالي يعني
+
+324
+00:27:04,380 --> 00:27:08,700
+بعض الإرشادات البسيطة التي نقدمها باختصار وموجودة
+
+325
+00:27:08,700 --> 00:27:12,740
+في كتابنافي الكتاب قصدي مابين أدينا هذا الكتاب
+
+326
+00:27:12,740 --> 00:27:18,060
+يقولك عامل الجميع بكرامة واحترام كموظف مع
+
+327
+00:27:18,060 --> 00:27:23,100
+المتبرعين و مع الفئات المجتمع دائما وفي الخدمات
+
+328
+00:27:23,100 --> 00:27:27,160
+حقوقها دائما اشعر بالنجاح والارتياح وقدم النجاح
+
+329
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+والارتياح للاخرين وكن دائما مميزدايما ساعد من يطلب
+
+330
+00:27:32,610 --> 00:27:37,430
+المساعدة، دايما احترم وقت الآخرين وساندهم ووفر لهم
+
+331
+00:27:37,430 --> 00:27:41,450
+يعني اللي تقدر عليه من الرأي والمشورة والمعلومات
+
+332
+00:27:41,450 --> 00:27:44,970
+الواضحة، دايما تغاضى عن بعض الأخطاء والهفوات اللي
+
+333
+00:27:44,970 --> 00:27:48,730
+تتصدر عن بعض الأشخاص أو المتبرعين، دايما اظهر أدام
+
+334
+00:27:48,730 --> 00:27:51,770
+المتبرعين بمظهر الود والتفاهم والاحترام والتبسم
+
+335
+00:27:52,340 --> 00:27:59,920
+دائما التزم بالمنهجية والعمل والإخلاص ومخافة الله
+
+336
+00:27:59,920 --> 00:28:04,120
+رب العالمين هذه من الأمور الطيبة التي دائما يعني
+
+337
+00:28:04,120 --> 00:28:09,860
+تحرس إدارة المؤسسات على تعزيز الموظفين بهذه
+
+338
+00:28:09,860 --> 00:28:16,980
+الأفكار مؤشرات نختم بها لقاءنا اليوم96% من
+
+339
+00:28:16,980 --> 00:28:21,220
+المتبرعين الغير راضين عن هذه الخدمات يعني بعض
+
+340
+00:28:21,220 --> 00:28:25,660
+المتبرعين بيحسوا أن بعض المؤسسات لا تقدم لهم
+
+341
+00:28:25,660 --> 00:28:31,260
+الاحترام أو لا تقدم لهم المنهجية المناسبة أو لا
+
+342
+00:28:31,260 --> 00:28:36,680
+تقدم لهم خدماتهم أو لا تقدم يعني ما يطمحوله فهيكون
+
+343
+00:28:36,680 --> 00:28:41,840
+عندهم خيبة أملبقولك 96% من المتبرعين الذي يعني
+
+344
+00:28:41,840 --> 00:28:46,480
+يشعروا بخيبة الأمل أو عدم يعني اقتناعهم بالمؤسسة
+
+345
+00:28:46,480 --> 00:28:53,800
+أو رغبتهم في العادة لا يقوموا لا يقوموا بأيلا
+
+346
+00:28:53,800 --> 00:29:00,360
+يقوموا بأي رد فعل ولا يتواصلوا مع المؤسسة 13% منهم
+
+347
+00:29:00,360 --> 00:29:06,860
+أحياناً بيبلغوا المؤسسة بعدم رضاهم 5% بيحتاجوا
+
+348
+00:29:06,860 --> 00:29:11,720
+جهود غير طبيعية على أساس نقنحهم الحقوق اللي حصلها
+
+349
+00:29:11,720 --> 00:29:16,400
+يرضاهم مرة أخرى فاحنا نشكر الجميع على اهتمامهم
+
+350
+00:29:16,400 --> 00:29:20,320
+ومتابعتهم والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
+

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+1
+00:00:05,450 --> 00:00:07,950
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والحمد لله رب العالمين
+
+2
+00:00:07,950 --> 00:00:12,550
+لقاءنا هذا بيتكلم على أخر محاضرة أخر محاضرة في
+
+3
+00:00:12,550 --> 00:00:17,110
+موضوع العمل التطوعي هو نتكلم على دعائم و أسس و
+
+4
+00:00:17,110 --> 00:00:25,710
+مبادئ نجاح العمل التطوعي يعني العمل التطوعي اليوم
+
+5
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+لتحقيق نجاح في هذا العمل هناك أسسوهناك مبادئ وهناك
+
+6
+00:00:37,090 --> 00:00:42,030
+أماكن تحتاج منها الاهتمام
+
+7
+00:00:49,070 --> 00:00:56,070
+تحتاج منّا الاهتمام وتحتاج منّا العمل الجاد والعمل
+
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+الهام والعمل المضني لكي نصل بالمؤسسة إلى أن تكون
+
+9
+00:01:01,810 --> 00:01:08,410
+مؤسسة فاعلة في المجتمع المؤسسة هي قائمة على مجموع
+
+10
+00:01:08,410 --> 00:01:16,390
+من الجكائز يوجد لدينا متطوع هذا
+
+11
+00:01:16,390 --> 00:01:25,330
+المتطوعيأتي إلى المؤسسة طوعًا وغبطًا في العطاء لا
+
+12
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+ينتظر مقابل مادي أو معنوي أو حتى شخصي مهما كان في
+
+13
+00:01:32,390 --> 00:01:40,510
+المقابل يوجد لدينا مؤسسة هذه المؤسسة تعمل بكل جد
+
+14
+00:01:40,510 --> 00:01:47,730
+واجتهاد لخدمة المجتمع نحن منظماتغير حكومية في
+
+15
+00:01:47,730 --> 00:01:52,730
+الأغلب تقدم خدماتها لأفراد المجتمع بدون أي مقابل
+
+16
+00:01:52,730 --> 00:02:00,220
+هناك انسجام واضح ما بين الطرفينالفرض المتطوع طوعًا
+
+17
+00:02:00,220 --> 00:02:06,540
+يريد خدمة المجتمع من خلال وجوده في المؤسسة
+
+18
+00:02:06,540 --> 00:02:11,680
+والمؤسسة الغير حكومية في العادة وفي الأغلب تقدم
+
+19
+00:02:11,680 --> 00:02:19,060
+خدماتها للمجتمع أيضًا بكل رغبة وبكل أريحية بدون أي
+
+20
+00:02:19,060 --> 00:02:24,820
+شيء يعود عليها من المجتمع فالفرض يخدم المجتمع
+
+21
+00:02:25,800 --> 00:02:30,520
+والمؤسسة تخدم المجتمع المتطوع يخدم المجتمع
+
+22
+00:02:30,520 --> 00:02:33,680
+والمؤسسة
+
+23
+00:02:33,680 --> 00:02:41,200
+تخدم المجتمع يبقى أصبح لدينا منظومة الآن واضحة من
+
+24
+00:02:41,200 --> 00:02:45,420
+العمل الخيري والعمل المؤسسات القائمة على نظام
+
+25
+00:02:45,420 --> 00:02:49,580
+الأدوية مثلًا نقابة المحاسبين أو نقابة الإدارين أو
+
+26
+00:02:49,580 --> 00:02:56,700
+نقابة المهندسين كلها هدف منها خدمة أفراد مجتمعهامن
+
+27
+00:02:56,700 --> 00:03:01,320
+المهندسين أو الطباء أو صيادنا والمتطوع يقوم بخدمة
+
+28
+00:03:01,320 --> 00:03:07,040
+المجتمع رغبة منه في تحقيق أهداف كثيرة يشارك فيها
+
+29
+00:03:07,040 --> 00:03:10,200
+في المجتمع فلا يستطيع تحقيق هذا العمل إلا من خلال
+
+30
+00:03:10,200 --> 00:03:14,160
+وجوده في هذه المؤسسات يبقى أصبح وجود موضوع التطوع
+
+31
+00:03:15,340 --> 00:03:21,280
+هو رابط الحقيقي والفعلي ما بين قيام المتطوع بخدمة
+
+32
+00:03:21,280 --> 00:03:24,560
+المجتمع من خلال المؤسسة وقيام المؤسسة بتحقيق أهداف
+
+33
+00:03:24,560 --> 00:03:27,280
+للمجتمع من خلال استفادة من إمكانيات المتطوع، يبقى
+
+34
+00:03:27,280 --> 00:03:33,760
+أصبحت منظومة التطوع هي الأساس التي تمكن الجميع من
+
+35
+00:03:33,760 --> 00:03:38,390
+تحقيق أهدافه وهي أهداف المجتمعفاحنا هنا نتكلم ما
+
+36
+00:03:38,390 --> 00:03:42,510
+هي المزايا ما هي الركائز أو الدعائم أو الأسس أو
+
+37
+00:03:42,510 --> 00:03:47,450
+المبادئ كلها نفس الكلمات يعني ما هي أسس ما هي
+
+38
+00:03:47,450 --> 00:03:55,730
+مبادئ ما هي الدعائم ما هي الركائزالتي تجعل عملية
+
+39
+00:03:55,730 --> 00:04:00,770
+التطوع ناجحة الجميع يحقق أهدافه والمجتمع يكون سعيد
+
+40
+00:04:00,770 --> 00:04:05,930
+وراضي نشوف هذه الأهداف والدعائم والركائز ونستعرض
+
+41
+00:04:05,930 --> 00:04:12,490
+في نهاية هذا اللقاء قصة بسيطة تشجعنا في موضوع ان
+
+42
+00:04:12,490 --> 00:04:15,930
+شاء الله التطوع دعائم نجاح العمل التطوعي عدم وجود
+
+43
+00:04:15,930 --> 00:04:21,190
+مقابل مادي مهما كان للمتطوع
+
+44
+00:04:21,190 --> 00:04:28,480
+هو أطبالمفتاح النجاح العمل
+
+45
+00:04:28,480 --> 00:04:34,160
+دائما من المتطوع أنه يقوم باحترام المؤسسة ويبدأ
+
+46
+00:04:34,160 --> 00:04:40,000
+الجهد المناسب لتحقيق الأنشطة والالتزام الشعور
+
+47
+00:04:40,000 --> 00:04:45,120
+بالمسئولية ناحية المؤسسة وأهدافها ورسائلها رسالتها
+
+48
+00:04:45,120 --> 00:04:50,680
+أيضا نشر هذه الرسالة الخاصة بالمؤسسة ما بين
+
+49
+00:04:50,680 --> 00:04:56,110
+أصدقاءه وجرانه ومعارفهلشجع غيره لإنه يحذر حذره
+
+50
+00:04:56,110 --> 00:05:05,070
+موضوع كمان يتطلب مننا نوع من الاهتمام هي العلاقة
+
+51
+00:05:05,070 --> 00:05:10,710
+الحقيقية بين المتطوع والعاملين بالمؤسسة إذا كان
+
+52
+00:05:10,710 --> 00:05:14,430
+هناك احترام من العاملين للمتطوعين ومعرفتهم أنها
+
+53
+00:05:14,430 --> 00:05:18,690
+أولي المتطوعون لا يمثل أي تهديد لهموعلاقتهم طيبة
+
+54
+00:05:18,690 --> 00:05:22,450
+معهم ويعززوا أدائهم ويساعدهم يشكوا في أعمالهم
+
+55
+00:05:22,450 --> 00:05:27,250
+وهؤلاء الضيوف على المؤسسة وفي نفس الوقت المتطوع
+
+56
+00:05:27,250 --> 00:05:31,750
+يحترم زملاء العاملين في المؤسسة ويقدرهم ويقدر
+
+57
+00:05:31,750 --> 00:05:39,170
+أدوارهم ولا ينافسهم ولا يطلب منهم أمور تؤثر عليهم
+
+58
+00:05:39,170 --> 00:05:42,890
+هذه من أسباب العلاقة الطيبة ورغبة الجميع في موضوع
+
+59
+00:05:42,890 --> 00:05:52,320
+التطوع والعكس بالعكسإذا قام المتطوع بكيد بعض
+
+60
+00:05:52,320 --> 00:05:57,960
+الأمور للموظفين أو قام الموظفين بالعكس بأداء بعض
+
+61
+00:05:57,960 --> 00:06:03,600
+المهام التي تؤذي هؤلاء المتطوعين لن نصل بالمنظومة
+
+62
+00:06:03,600 --> 00:06:08,580
+التطوع إلى تحقيق إنجازاتها أو تحقيق الأهداف
+
+63
+00:06:08,580 --> 00:06:14,160
+السامية التي نسعى عليها الخامس المتطوع
+
+64
+00:06:16,280 --> 00:06:19,200
+اهتمامه بالتدريب واهتمامه بالتعليم واهتمامه
+
+65
+00:06:19,200 --> 00:06:24,260
+بالخبرات هو أتى للمؤسسة للتعلم لاكتساب الخبرات
+
+66
+00:06:24,260 --> 00:06:29,940
+لاكتساب المهام لمعرفة المسئوليات والواجبات ليعرف
+
+67
+00:06:29,940 --> 00:06:36,260
+مجال عمل ميداني فعلي يحتاج إلى إتقان العمل فهو
+
+68
+00:06:36,260 --> 00:06:42,580
+يهتم في هذه المرحلة على الخبرة والمهارة والعلم ولا
+
+69
+00:06:42,580 --> 00:06:47,200
+ينظر لأي مكافئة مهما كانهذه بتفتح له مجال حب
+
+70
+00:06:47,200 --> 00:06:53,440
+الجميع له النقطة السادسة دائماً جهد المتطوع مع أنه
+
+71
+00:06:53,440 --> 00:06:58,320
+بدون مقابل لكن أيضاً المؤسسة تحتاج توفر خدمات
+
+72
+00:06:58,320 --> 00:07:02,800
+وتوفر وفر بيئة عمل مناسبة للمتطوعين وتشعر
+
+73
+00:07:02,800 --> 00:07:06,680
+بالمسئولية تجاه من أتى إلى هذه المؤسسة ليقدم وقته
+
+74
+00:07:06,680 --> 00:07:12,120
+ومجهوده وماله وعمله وخبرته لخدمة بعض الأنشطة في
+
+75
+00:07:12,120 --> 00:07:19,510
+المؤسسة والمجتمعبالنسبة للمؤسسات أيضًا تحتاج إلى
+
+76
+00:07:19,510 --> 00:07:27,030
+نظرة اهتمام ونظرة تقدير ونظرة اعتزاز بالمتطوعين
+
+77
+00:07:27,030 --> 00:07:34,000
+تشرف عليهم بريحية توجههم رغبة منها في تعليمهمتحاول
+
+78
+00:07:34,000 --> 00:07:37,140
+تحسن من أدائهم واتطور من شخصياتهم وخبراتهم
+
+79
+00:07:37,140 --> 00:07:42,240
+واقتسابهم المهارات المناسبة مع إنهم ضيوف سيتركوا
+
+80
+00:07:42,240 --> 00:07:45,340
+المؤسسة لكن قد تستمر الإلاقة إلى فترات طويلة
+
+81
+00:07:45,340 --> 00:07:52,060
+ويقدموا خدمات بعد تركهم المؤسسة تكون جليلة تمانية
+
+82
+00:07:52,060 --> 00:07:57,320
+على الطرفين كمؤسسة أو كمتطوعين احترام القواعد
+
+83
+00:07:57,320 --> 00:08:02,380
+والنظام السائدةالتي توجد في المؤسسة مؤسسة ترسم
+
+84
+00:08:02,380 --> 00:08:08,120
+قواعد وأنظمة تليق بالتطوع والمتطوعين يلتزموا بهذه
+
+85
+00:08:08,120 --> 00:08:14,340
+القواعد بالنسبة لساعات العمل وقليلة الألاقة مع
+
+86
+00:08:14,340 --> 00:08:19,860
+الزملاء حتى يعني أدق التفاصيل مثل مثلا عفواً
+
+87
+00:08:19,860 --> 00:08:23,400
+الضيافة أو ما شابه تكون في أماكن معينة في أوقات
+
+88
+00:08:23,400 --> 00:08:28,500
+معينةبعض المؤسسات تشترط على موظفينها الضيافة تكون
+
+89
+00:08:28,500 --> 00:08:31,880
+في المطبخ فقط لا يتنتقل القهوة للشاي إلى المكاتب
+
+90
+00:08:31,880 --> 00:08:38,360
+وتكون مدة عشر دقائق ومن يريد أن يقوم بعمل ضيافة
+
+91
+00:08:38,360 --> 00:08:46,580
+يقوم بعملها لنفسه بنفسه لنفسه بنفسه تاسم
+
+92
+00:08:46,580 --> 00:08:55,020
+عدم إقلال أو إجحاف شأن المتطوعينمهما قلّد مجلة
+
+93
+00:08:55,020 --> 00:09:00,960
+عمله أو ظروفه أو بساطة عمله لأنه جاء ليد المؤسسة
+
+94
+00:09:00,960 --> 00:09:09,720
+اختيارياً وهو مشكوراً قدم نفسه ليقدم ويساهم ويشارك
+
+95
+00:09:09,720 --> 00:09:14,040
+بدون مقابل في أنشطة المؤسسة وأنشطة موظفينها
+
+96
+00:09:16,720 --> 00:09:22,560
+كمان المتطوعين عندهم ميزة خاصة بالدماء الجديدة
+
+97
+00:09:22,560 --> 00:09:28,780
+والخبراء والخبرات البسيطة أفكار الإبداعية توجد عند
+
+98
+00:09:28,780 --> 00:09:32,860
+فئة الشباب بشكل عالي يعني لماذا لا تنتبه للمؤسسة
+
+99
+00:09:32,860 --> 00:09:38,000
+ليه هذه الأمور؟ وتقول إن هذو الأفراد هم يعني سبيل
+
+100
+00:09:38,000 --> 00:09:44,460
+يعني خصب لاستفادة من أفكارهم وتطوير أنشطتنا في
+
+101
+00:09:44,460 --> 00:09:52,210
+المؤسسة11 المتطوعين نحتاج إلى تكريمهم شكرا لهم
+
+102
+00:09:52,210 --> 00:09:57,630
+وعرفانا وأيضا من يشكر المتطوعين فهو يقدم نفسه
+
+103
+00:09:57,630 --> 00:10:04,070
+كمؤسسة رائدة في المجتمع ومؤسسة تستحق الاحترام من
+
+104
+00:10:04,070 --> 00:10:10,090
+بقية فئات المجتمع أخيرا المنظمات الغير حكومية أو
+
+105
+00:10:10,090 --> 00:10:17,200
+منظمات الخيريةتأمل من المتطوع أن يكون إنسان بسيط
+
+106
+00:10:17,200 --> 00:10:24,440
+ويكون إنسان متعاون ومعطاء
+
+107
+00:10:24,440 --> 00:10:31,240
+ويحترم الآخرين ويتواصل معهم بالحسن المعاملة ينصت
+
+108
+00:10:31,240 --> 00:10:36,880
+لرؤساءه ويتعاون مع زملاءه ويساعد من هو أقل منه
+
+109
+00:10:36,880 --> 00:10:43,810
+خبرة أو إمكانيات أو بالمهارةلا نريد تقييم شأن أي
+
+110
+00:10:43,810 --> 00:10:49,030
+حد مهما كان ونحترم الجميع ونحترم إمكانياتهم
+
+111
+00:10:49,030 --> 00:10:58,430
+واختلافاتهم تعزز دور الأداء عند رسم الخطط وعند
+
+112
+00:10:58,430 --> 00:11:02,110
+التنفيذ وعند عملية المتابعة و الرقابة على الأداء
+
+113
+00:11:02,110 --> 00:11:09,170
+العمل الجميع ياخد دوره والجميع يساهم ويشجع الجميع
+
+114
+00:11:09,170 --> 00:11:15,050
+الكل يحترمالأنظمة الكل يساهم في تطوير المؤسسة
+
+115
+00:11:15,050 --> 00:11:23,090
+الحوار والتعاون والتسامح هي سمات مهمة من الجميع لا
+
+116
+00:11:23,090 --> 00:11:27,890
+نريد تشرحهم ولا نريد الناس أن تتبغض ولا نريد الناس
+
+117
+00:11:27,890 --> 00:11:31,870
+أن تبخل بالمعلومة أو بالخبرة أو بالمعرفة بينها
+
+118
+00:11:31,870 --> 00:11:38,250
+وبين زملائهاالهيكل الوظيفي للمؤسسة اللي بيشمل
+
+119
+00:11:38,250 --> 00:11:43,550
+الموظفين أيضًا يحتاج إلى تعزيزه بإضافة أدوار
+
+120
+00:11:43,550 --> 00:11:47,990
+للمتطوعين وتحديد واجباتهم ومسئولياتهم ومشاركاتهم
+
+121
+00:11:47,990 --> 00:11:52,830
+مساهمتهم الهامة في أداد العمل وفي التخطيط وأيضًا
+
+122
+00:11:52,830 --> 00:11:59,290
+في التنفيذ الكل متعاون الكل متفائل الكل متفاني
+
+123
+00:11:59,290 --> 00:12:05,740
+العمل جماعي والهدف واحد هو تطوير المجتمعبعض الشباب
+
+124
+00:12:05,740 --> 00:12:09,600
+يذهب إلى بلدية يرغب منهم يرغبوا من البلدية أن
+
+125
+00:12:09,600 --> 00:12:15,700
+يساعدوها في أنشطة أو في أحد المشاريع تطوير أحد
+
+126
+00:12:15,700 --> 00:12:24,020
+الأحياء صرف الصحي مشروع بيأخد منطقة أو حي أو شارع
+
+127
+00:12:24,020 --> 00:12:30,980
+معين أو أعمال خدمات خاصة بالنظافة قد تقوم فيها
+
+128
+00:12:30,980 --> 00:12:37,920
+البلدية في مكان معينرصف الطرق أو رصف المؤسسات يعني
+
+129
+00:12:37,920 --> 00:12:41,800
+رصف الشارع في أحد المناطق تقوم بيها البلديات من
+
+130
+00:12:41,800 --> 00:12:46,980
+خلال مؤسسات شركة ومؤسسات غير حكومية ما يقوم
+
+131
+00:12:46,980 --> 00:12:51,440
+بالبلدية كمثال كبير تقوم بيه مؤسسات مثلها بس
+
+132
+00:12:51,440 --> 00:12:57,490
+مؤسسات أصغريعني ممكن تقوم مؤسسات لو حكومية بتطوير
+
+133
+00:12:57,490 --> 00:13:02,810
+مرافق بعض المناطق سواء من الصحة، سواء من التعليم،
+
+134
+00:13:02,810 --> 00:13:06,250
+سواء من الصرف الصحي، سواء من الكهربا، سواء من
+
+135
+00:13:06,250 --> 00:13:13,050
+الخدمات النظافة أو حتى التشجير المناطق بالنسبة
+
+136
+00:13:13,050 --> 00:13:16,650
+لموضوع التشجير أذكر أنه في مناطق كثيرة في غزة
+
+137
+00:13:19,300 --> 00:13:25,480
+تقتض بالسكان تتوجه لمنظمات غير حكومية لهذه المناطق
+
+138
+00:13:25,480 --> 00:13:32,580
+وتحاول أن تشجرها وتريد الاستعانة بشباب المنطقة ففي
+
+139
+00:13:32,580 --> 00:13:36,020
+من الشباب من يريد أن يساعد وفي من الشباب لا يريد
+
+140
+00:13:36,020 --> 00:13:42,060
+أن يساعد في من الشباب يتكاسل عن المساعدة الدعائم
+
+141
+00:13:42,060 --> 00:13:47,310
+اللي موجودةصورة جمعية تقوم بها هذه المؤسسة توزيع
+
+142
+00:13:47,310 --> 00:13:51,810
+وجبات خفيفة أو شهادات تقدير أو توزيع بعض الأمور
+
+143
+00:13:51,810 --> 00:13:56,990
+العينية مثل الملابس البسيطة اللي بتشعر الجميع أنه
+
+144
+00:13:56,990 --> 00:14:01,310
+احنا فريق واحدزي مثلًا الكاب والـ .. والـ .. الـ T
+
+145
+00:14:01,310 --> 00:14:03,670
+-shirt أو البلوزة على الموجودين وعليها شعار
+
+146
+00:14:03,670 --> 00:14:08,750
+المؤسسة والكل بيجتهد في يوم واحد لإنجاز هذا المكان
+
+147
+00:14:08,750 --> 00:14:13,350
+تحويله من مكاب للنفايات أو منطقة مهملة إلى منطقة
+
+148
+00:14:13,350 --> 00:14:20,450
+في صورة مشجرة أو .. أو حديقة بسيطة لأهل المنطقةقصص
+
+149
+00:14:20,450 --> 00:14:25,590
+المساعدة والعمل والمبادئ والأسس التي تعتمد عليها
+
+150
+00:14:25,590 --> 00:14:31,290
+المؤسسات لتحقيق إنجازاتها وأهدافها من خلال وجود
+
+151
+00:14:31,290 --> 00:14:37,540
+المتطوعين لا تعد ولا تحصىويعني في نهاية هذا اللقاء
+
+152
+00:14:37,540 --> 00:14:43,940
+أطالب جميع أحبائنا وطلابنا أنه في أي مكان يتواجدوا
+
+153
+00:14:43,940 --> 00:14:49,860
+فيه في حي، في منطقة، في مشوار، في يعني صادفة
+
+154
+00:14:49,860 --> 00:14:54,180
+وجودهم في هذا المكان لاحظوا وجود مشروع خدمي لهذه
+
+155
+00:14:54,180 --> 00:15:00,980
+المنطقة يتغيث قليلاً ويحاولوا أن يأخذوا فكرة عن ما
+
+156
+00:15:00,980 --> 00:15:05,360
+يجري في هذا المكانوإذا كان هناك فيه مجال للمساعدة
+
+157
+00:15:05,360 --> 00:15:13,100
+يساعدوا ويتعرفوا على قبل وبعد والاستفادة ستكون
+
+158
+00:15:13,100 --> 00:15:18,840
+للجميع نشكر لكم حسن اهتمامكم وانصاتكم نترككم في
+
+159
+00:15:18,840 --> 00:15:21,760
+رعاية الله وتوفيقه والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله
+
+160
+00:15:21,760 --> 00:15:22,100
+وبركاته
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwbqRqP24yHh6436xDshIebX/LF3JEvQqooo.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,543 @@
+1
+00:00:05,030 --> 00:00:07,510
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والحمد لله رب العالمين
+
+2
+00:00:07,510 --> 00:00:13,030
+الطريقة السابعة عشر بنتكلم على تبرع من أعضاء شركات
+
+3
+00:00:13,030 --> 00:00:28,210
+أنا 
+
+4
+00:00:28,210 --> 00:00:31,510
+كتبت أعضاء شركات لأن الشركات اللي هي أعضاؤها سواء
+
+5
+00:00:31,510 --> 00:00:35,290
+موظفين أو إدارة لأن بعتبر الشركة اليوم مكان يلتقي 
+
+6
+00:00:35,290 --> 00:00:39,170
+فيه الجميع و هم أعضاء وعضويات لهم في هذه الشركة
+
+7
+00:00:39,170 --> 00:00:42,710
+عضويات في هذه النقابة، عضويات في هذه المؤسسة، عضويات
+
+8
+00:00:42,710 --> 00:00:45,930
+حتى في المؤسسة الحكومية أو المؤسسة الخاصة لأن كلهم
+
+9
+00:00:45,930 --> 00:00:48,750
+بيحاولوا يشتغلوا علشان نجاح المؤسسة اللي هم
+
+10
+00:00:48,750 --> 00:00:51,930
+بيشتغلوا فيها سواء شركة أو مؤسسة حكومية أو
+
+11
+00:00:51,930 --> 00:00:54,990
+مؤسسة أكاديمية أو نقابة أو حتى منظمة غير حكومية
+
+12
+00:00:55,250 --> 00:00:59,050
+إحنا كلمنا إنه ليش نعمل تبرعات من موظفين وإدارة
+
+13
+00:00:59,050 --> 00:01:02,690
+هذه الشركات، ونتوجه لهم بطريقة أو بأفكار بسيطة
+
+14
+00:01:02,690 --> 00:01:06,110
+وإبداعية، الأفكار الإبداعية بتلعب دور مهم لتشجيع
+
+15
+00:01:06,110 --> 00:01:09,610
+الموظفين والإدارات على أنهم يشتغلوا بفاعلية
+
+16
+00:01:09,610 --> 00:01:13,570
+ ويكونوا إنجازاتهم ممتازة مع هذه الشركات، بمعنى كيف 
+
+17
+00:01:13,570 --> 00:01:17,530
+الفكرة؟ ممكن إحنا طبعًا كأعضاء مجلس إدارة إحدى
+
+18
+00:01:17,530 --> 00:01:21,590
+المؤسسات غير الحكومية لما نروح لشركة، وأعضاء مجلس
+
+19
+00:01:21,590 --> 00:01:25,270
+الإدارة نتكلم معهم، ممكن كفكرة إبداعية بسيطة بدنا 
+
+20
+00:01:25,270 --> 00:01:28,950
+تبرعات من الموظفين، طب الموظفين ناس بسيطين
+
+21
+00:01:28,950 --> 00:01:33,450
+ومرتباتهم محدودة، وعندهم التزامات كتيرة، عندهم سقف
+
+22
+00:01:33,450 --> 00:01:37,330
+للدخل وعندهم التزامات ما لهاش حصر، طب أنا كيف أقنع
+
+23
+00:01:37,330 --> 00:01:41,830
+الموظفين أن يجوا يتبرعوا لمؤسستي؟ ماشي، الموظفين
+
+24
+00:01:41,830 --> 00:01:43,630
+اللي بيشتغلوا في شركات يتبرعوا للمنظمة غير 
+
+25
+00:01:43,630 --> 00:01:47,530
+الحكومية بطريقة تكون فاعلة كثير ومعززة للنشاط اللي 
+
+26
+00:01:47,530 --> 00:01:50,850
+أنا بشتغله، وفي نفس الوقت بتحقق للإدارة أنه يعني
+
+27
+00:01:50,850 --> 00:01:54,350
+طموحها، الإدارة أن تخلي الموظفين حتى كمان يتبرعوا
+
+28
+00:01:54,350 --> 00:01:56,550
+والموظفين حتى يساهموا في العمل الخيري، والموظفين
+
+29
+00:01:56,550 --> 00:02:00,330
+يكونوا قدوة حسنة كمان، شوفوا إحنا إيش الفكرة ممكن 
+
+30
+00:02:00,330 --> 00:02:04,550
+الأبو يعمل مع ابنه، فكرة بسيطة ياخده معاه  
+
+31
+00:02:04,550 --> 00:02:08,310
+يقول له: يلا حط في الحصالة، وأنا هحط في الحصالة أدك
+
+32
+00:02:08,310 --> 00:02:13,340
+مرتين كمان، مضى الطفل بيجي بيمسك مثلًا في إيده شكل أو
+
+33
+00:02:13,340 --> 00:02:18,230
+مبلغ نقدي معين بيحطه، بتلاقي الأبو بده يحط الضعف، بده
+
+34
+00:02:18,230 --> 00:02:22,270
+يحط اثنين أو ثلاثة أضعاف، ثلاثة، الطفل ممكن يشتهي،
+
+35
+00:02:22,270 --> 00:02:24,550
+يقول: طب والله اللي خلى بابا يدفع فلوس أكثر، فممكن 
+
+36
+00:02:24,550 --> 00:02:28,970
+يمسك خمسة، ورقة نقدية بخمسة أو فئة العشرة
+
+37
+00:02:28,970 --> 00:02:33,630
+ويحطها في هذا الصندوق التبرع، فبتلزّم الأبو أن يدفع 
+
+38
+00:02:33,630 --> 00:02:36,590
+مدام العشرة بده يحطهم عشرين أو يحط ثلاثين، دي نفس
+
+39
+00:02:36,590 --> 00:02:41,090
+الفكرة أنه ممكن التوجه للموظفين، يقول لهم تعالوا 
+
+40
+00:02:41,090 --> 00:02:44,160
+إحنا بدنا ياكم، الإدارة، بعلم الإدارة، المبلغ اللي
+
+41
+00:02:44,160 --> 00:02:49,020
+انتوا هتحطوه، الإدارة هتحط قده أو هتحط ضعفه أو تحط
+
+42
+00:02:49,020 --> 00:02:53,180
+ثلاثة أمثاله، يلا، همتكم، شوف لو موظف مبسوط من الشركة
+
+43
+00:02:53,180 --> 00:02:56,940
+بده يدفع يخلي الإدارة تدفع، وشوف لو الموظف كان شوية
+
+44
+00:02:56,940 --> 00:03:00,240
+هيك متحمل على الـ .. يعني إيه شوية أمور في الشركة
+
+45
+00:03:00,240 --> 00:03:03,560
+بده يخلي الشركة برضه تدفع مرتين وثلاثة أكثر، خلينا
+
+46
+00:03:03,560 --> 00:03:06,870
+نقول في سباق، هي سباق من النوع من الـ .. العمل
+
+47
+00:03:06,870 --> 00:03:10,990
+الإبداعي أو فكرة تكون بسيطة لها يعني صدى جميل في 
+
+48
+00:03:10,990 --> 00:03:15,550
+يوم من التبرعات، ممكن تصل التبرعات إلى معدلات عالية
+
+49
+00:03:15,550 --> 00:03:19,310
+كثير من خلال تشجيع الموظفين، وغمر الإدارة على دفع 
+
+50
+00:03:19,310 --> 00:03:24,510
+مبالغ لهذا العمل الخيري، ممكن تنعمل طبعًا في معرض أو
+
+51
+00:03:24,510 --> 00:03:29,270
+في مهرجان أو في احتفال أو في مناسبة معينة، وهذه
+
+52
+00:03:29,270 --> 00:03:33,730
+كلها بتعزز الأداء والترابط الاجتماعي بين الأفراد وبين
+
+53
+00:03:33,730 --> 00:03:37,790
+إخوانهم المحتاجين اللي بتخدمهم المنظمات غير
+
+54
+00:03:37,790 --> 00:03:41,630
+الحكومية، فكرة بسيطة وسهلة، خلّيني أشوف اللمسات
+
+55
+00:03:41,630 --> 00:03:44,710
+البسيطة في الكتاب في هذه القصة السريعة، الطريق
+
+56
+00:03:44,710 --> 00:03:49,210
+السبعتاشر، تفقي تبرعات عامة لأعضاء الشركة، يعني ممكن
+
+57
+00:03:49,210 --> 00:03:52,610
+تتفق المنظمة غير الحكومية مع شركات كبيرة معينة
+
+58
+00:03:52,610 --> 00:03:58,890
+أنهم يعملوا خطة مع بعض لحملة ضخمة لجمع التبرعات في
+
+59
+00:03:58,890 --> 00:04:03,030
+هذه المنطقة أو في هذه المؤسسة أو للعاملين في فرع
+
+60
+00:04:03,030 --> 00:04:06,880
+معين، طبعًا التّفاهم بيكون من الإدارة العليا
+
+61
+00:04:06,880 --> 00:04:12,020
+وبيتم العمل داخل الشركة، والعاملين عارفين أنه هتتضاعف
+
+62
+00:04:12,020 --> 00:04:17,400
+المبالغ المتبرع فيها من قبل موظفي الشركة، تمام، إذا
+
+63
+00:04:17,400 --> 00:04:20,880
+جمعنا مثلًا وليكن مبلغ معين، حطينا، هنا الفكرة
+
+64
+00:04:20,880 --> 00:04:23,200
+تقول لك: حطينا عشرين ألف دولار من أحد الشركات
+
+65
+00:04:23,200 --> 00:04:27,140
+الخارجية، قلنا لهم: جمعنا عشرين ألف، يلّا، إحنا
+
+66
+00:04:27,140 --> 00:04:29,680
+كموظفين هنقول للإدارة العليا: يلّا، أو أنتوا حطوا
+
+67
+00:04:29,680 --> 00:04:31,500
+كمان عشرين ألف، ففي النهاية بيصيروا عندنا أربعين
+
+68
+00:04:31,500 --> 00:04:36,310
+ألف، فبالتالي الإدارة هنا مُرَمّى أن تدفع المبلغ هذا 
+
+69
+00:04:36,310 --> 00:04:41,650
+وراضية وبتكون يعني متحفزة ورغبانة في هذا العمل
+
+70
+00:04:41,650 --> 00:04:44,650
+التجاري، بس بتشارك الموظفين في يوم الاحتفال أو يوم
+
+71
+00:04:44,650 --> 00:04:48,430
+بهجة، فالموظفين في عندهم حماس عالي جدًا للتبرعات 
+
+72
+00:04:48,430 --> 00:04:51,990
+لأنه في الآخر عارفين تبرعاتهم القرش بقرشين
+
+73
+00:04:51,990 --> 00:04:55,400
+والدولار باثنين وممكن يكون بثلاثة أو بأربعة، في
+
+74
+00:04:55,400 --> 00:04:59,320
+نهاية عملية التبرع، ممكن يكون هذا يعني مهرجان حافل 
+
+75
+00:04:59,320 --> 00:05:03,300
+بيجمع الجميع في ابتسامة ورضا، خلينا نضيف بعض
+
+76
+00:05:03,300 --> 00:05:06,720
+اللمسات البسيطة، بعض الشركات اللي هي أيام معينة في 
+
+77
+00:05:06,720 --> 00:05:11,460
+السنة بتحتفل فيها مع عاملينها، بتأسيس الشركة أو
+
+78
+00:05:11,460 --> 00:05:15,960
+بوصول مبيعاتهم إلى رقم معين أو بفتحهم سوق جديدة أو
+
+79
+00:05:15,960 --> 00:05:21,130
+بدخول تكنولوجيا معينة أو بظهور منتج محدد أو بتحقيقهم
+
+80
+00:05:21,130 --> 00:05:25,070
+لمكانة أو منصب معين أو حصولهم على جائزة دولية 
+
+81
+00:05:25,070 --> 00:05:28,510
+معينة أو جائزة محلية أو تقديرية أو تشجيعية من
+
+82
+00:05:28,510 --> 00:05:34,890
+الحكومة في البلد، اليوم هذا إذا تم ربطه بعملية تبرع
+
+83
+00:05:34,890 --> 00:05:39,070
+من أعضاء الشركة وإدارة الشركة للمنظمة الحكومية
+
+84
+00:05:39,070 --> 00:05:42,730
+يعني إحنا هنا بنعطي معلومة بسيطة للمنظمة الحكومية
+
+85
+00:05:42,730 --> 00:05:46,760
+بقول له: تعال حاول تفهم الشركة وتفهم اهتماماتها، تفهم
+
+86
+00:05:46,760 --> 00:05:50,660
+الأيام الخاصة اللي لهم، كل شركة لها يوم خاص، وهذا 
+
+87
+00:05:50,660 --> 00:05:54,900
+اليوم الخاص تفتح فيه الأبواب على مصراعيها وتستقبل
+
+88
+00:05:54,900 --> 00:06:00,560
+فيه الأفكار بترحاب، وبتكون الأفكار الإبداعية سباقة
+
+89
+00:06:00,560 --> 00:06:04,280
+أكثر من غيرها لخدمة العاملين وخدمة المنظمات
+
+90
+00:06:04,280 --> 00:06:09,580
+الحكومية، فخلينا نعمل مع الشركات الموجودة بنوع من
+
+91
+00:06:09,580 --> 00:06:13,560
+المرونة وبنوع من التفاهم، بنوع من المحبة وبنوع من
+
+92
+00:06:13,560 --> 00:06:19,460
+الخدمة لتطوير مساهمة هذه الشركات في خدمة المجتمع، في 
+
+93
+00:06:19,460 --> 00:06:23,880
+خدمة المصالح الحكومية، الشركات دورها مهم في المجتمع
+
+94
+00:06:23,880 --> 00:06:27,480
+زي ما بتعمل عمل خاص، وبيكون عند أصحابها وملاكها
+
+95
+00:06:27,480 --> 00:06:31,800
+ومجلس إدارتها رؤية أن يكون لها نصيب عالي من
+
+96
+00:06:31,800 --> 00:06:34,340
+الأرباح ونصيب عالي من العلاقات ونصيب عالي من الحصة
+
+97
+00:06:34,340 --> 00:06:39,200
+السوقية، في نفس الوقت بتهدف إلى أن تكون مواطن صالح
+
+98
+00:06:39,200 --> 00:06:43,800
+هم ومجلس الإدارة ولهم رغبة أن يقدموا شيء للمجتمع
+
+99
+00:06:43,800 --> 00:06:48,680
+زي ما بيحصلوا من المجتمع على مصادر ممتازة للأرباح،
+
+100
+00:06:48,680 --> 00:06:53,350
+برضه بيكون لهم مصادر ممتازة للتبرعات لخدمة أبناء
+
+101
+00:06:53,350 --> 00:06:58,050
+المجتمع، في نفس الوقت إحنا مُنْصِر على الشركات وبنقول
+
+102
+00:06:58,050 --> 00:07:01,410
+الشركات مهمة، وبنقول المصانع مهمة، بنقول الظروف 
+
+103
+00:07:01,410 --> 00:07:03,870
+الاقتصادية في البلد أحيانًا بتخلي شركات ومصانع
+
+104
+00:07:03,870 --> 00:07:08,830
+واضحة، في برضه في وضع شوية بِحَرَج، وفي نفس الوقت في
+
+105
+00:07:08,830 --> 00:07:12,580
+فترات بيكون عندها واضحة، للشركات بيكون أفضل، الموظف
+
+106
+00:07:12,580 --> 00:07:15,720
+يكون له ارتفاع راتب، في فترات صعبة ممكن يصير تقليص
+
+107
+00:07:15,720 --> 00:07:18,980
+لراتب أو حجز لبعض الراتب، تُلْحَق عليها مستحقات، إحنا 
+
+108
+00:07:18,980 --> 00:07:21,800
+عندنا في غزة في فلسطين ملاحظين أن كثير من مؤسسات
+
+109
+00:07:21,800 --> 00:07:25,580
+القطاع الخاص حتى الحكومية حتى الأكاديمية اليوم جزء
+
+110
+00:07:25,580 --> 00:07:30,380
+كبير من مرتبات الموظفين بيروح لمستحقات، لأن سيولة
+
+111
+00:07:30,380 --> 00:07:35,100
+أو توفر سيولة لدى إدارات المؤسسات اليوم مش بإيديها
+
+112
+00:07:35,100 --> 00:07:38,580
+لأن الوضع الاقتصادي مش مساعد، فالموظف اليوم بيحاول
+
+113
+00:07:38,580 --> 00:07:44,180
+يفكر أنه يتبرع أو يقدم تبرعات لكن قلة ذات الـ .. الـ
+
+114
+00:07:44,180 --> 00:07:47,460
+.. اليد، بمعنى أن الأموال المتوفرة بين يديه ضئيلة
+
+115
+00:07:47,460 --> 00:07:51,260
+كيُصْرِف على أسرته وأولاده، بتحجم قدرته على أنه يتبرع
+
+116
+00:07:51,260 --> 00:07:54,230
+كموظف في هذه الشركة، بس في أفكار جديدة للشركات
+
+117
+00:07:54,230 --> 00:07:58,750
+والمؤسسات، يعني عملها عندنا بعض الإخوة في الشؤون
+
+118
+00:07:58,750 --> 00:08:01,290
+الإدارية في الجامعة الإسلامية فتحول لمجال أنه من
+
+119
+00:08:01,290 --> 00:08:04,030
+المستحقات العاملين، ممكن أن أنت تتبرع بجزء من المال
+
+120
+00:08:04,030 --> 00:08:08,110
+أو تتبرع لصدقات أو تتبرع لصندوق الطالب، بمعنى جزء
+
+121
+00:08:08,110 --> 00:08:11,630
+من أموالك المستحقة اللي أنت ممكن أنك أنت في يوم
+
+122
+00:08:11,630 --> 00:08:15,590
+من الأيام تسلمها، بس لحد دلوقتي مش موجودة تحت يديك، مش
+
+123
+00:08:15,590 --> 00:08:19,130
+مُوفّرة للموظف يستخدمها لنفقاته الخاصة، جزء من هذه
+
+124
+00:08:19,130 --> 00:08:24,210
+المستحقات يستطيع أن يحولها الموظف إلى ذكاء تمالي أو 
+
+125
+00:08:24,210 --> 00:08:28,670
+تبرع أو صدقات من خلال صندوق الطالب، بمعنى بيدعم
+
+126
+00:08:28,670 --> 00:08:33,230
+الموظف أبناء الطلبة موجودين في الأقسام المختلفة أو
+
+127
+00:08:33,230 --> 00:08:37,450
+موجودين في الكليات المختلفة، وهم الطلبة، في منهم مش 
+
+128
+00:08:37,450 --> 00:08:40,570
+عادلين يدفعوا أو عندهم ظروف اقتصادية صعبة أو
+
+129
+00:08:40,570 --> 00:08:45,190
+خالصين الجامعات لكن لسه .. لسه مستمر عليهم بعض
+
+130
+00:08:45,190 --> 00:08:49,990
+المستحقات، مش عادلين يسددوها، الأفكار الإبداعية لا 
+
+131
+00:08:49,990 --> 00:08:55,290
+تنتهي سواء من الموظف المقدم أو المؤسسة المستلمة أو
+
+132
+00:08:55,290 --> 00:08:58,750
+الجهات التي تقع فيها هذه الأحداث، المهم يكون فيه أفكار
+
+133
+00:08:58,750 --> 00:09:04,880
+إبداعية تخرج من نطاق العزلة أو عدم المقدرة في عملية 
+
+134
+00:09:04,880 --> 00:09:11,200
+التبرعات إلى إمكانية وضع هذه التبرعات ووجودها في
+
+135
+00:09:11,200 --> 00:09:15,460
+الميدان، نشكر لكم حسن استماعكم، والسلام 
+
+136
+00:09:15,460 --> 00:09:16,660
+عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

PL9fwy3NUQKwbqRqP24yHh6436xDshIebX/MrN1_mcvqhw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,1027 @@
+1
+00:00:04,960 --> 00:00:07,900
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والحمد لله رب العالمين
+
+2
+00:00:07,900 --> 00:00:11,520
+طريقة رقم واحد وعشرين الدعم من الجهات الرسمية
+
+3
+00:00:24,530 --> 00:00:31,830
+الجهات الرسمية داخل أي بلد هي الأساس لما نحن 
+
+4
+00:00:31,830 --> 00:00:35,990
+بترخيص كمنظمة غير حكومية، زائد أن الجهات الرسمية
+
+5
+00:00:35,990 --> 00:00:39,290
+كلها بتتعاون مع بعض لتقديم خدمات للمواطنين، طب مين
+
+6
+00:00:39,290 --> 00:00:43,550
+هي الجهة الرسمية؟ هي الوزارات، بمعنى الوزارات هي أصبحت 
+
+7
+00:00:43,550 --> 00:00:48,550
+كل وزارة من الوزارات هي "أبو" القطاع، يعني الجهة
+
+8
+00:00:48,550 --> 00:00:51,070
+الرئيسية التي تشرف على هذا القطاع، لو أقول مثلا
+
+9
+00:00:51,070 --> 00:00:55,130
+وزارة الصحة، فتُشرف على كل الأنشطة اللي هي علاقة 
+
+10
+00:00:55,130 --> 00:00:59,150
+بالصحة، سواء مستشفيات أو عيادات أو قطاع خاص أو قطاع
+
+11
+00:00:59,150 --> 00:01:02,770
+أهلي أو مرضى أو عملية السفر أو عملية التكاليف أو
+
+12
+00:01:02,770 --> 00:01:06,090
+الأجهزة والمعدات أو الملح المساعدة، حتى الأنشطة 
+
+13
+00:01:06,090 --> 00:01:10,790
+والمشاريع والبرامج تتم كلها بإشراف وزارة الصحة، قيص
+
+14
+00:01:10,790 --> 00:01:15,370
+على هذا التعلم، شوف الأنشطة الخاصة بوزارة الاقتصاد 
+
+15
+00:01:15,370 --> 00:01:20,810
+الوطني أو هيئة العامة اليوم للشباب والثقافة، شوف 
+
+16
+00:01:20,810 --> 00:01:24,490
+وزارة الإعلام أو هيئة العامة للإعلام، شوف وزارة
+
+17
+00:01:24,490 --> 00:01:34,170
+الداخلية أو الخارجية أو البيئة أو العمل أو العدل
+
+18
+00:01:34,170 --> 00:01:38,890
+العدل، يعني أنت فيه عندك كتير من الوزارات، كل وزارة 
+
+19
+00:01:38,890 --> 00:01:43,910
+متخصصة في قطاع معين، وهي الغطاء أو المظلة أو الـ
+
+20
+00:01:43,910 --> 00:01:46,310
+umbrella اللي موجودة لتُشرف على النشاط في هذا
+
+21
+00:01:46,310 --> 00:01:49,890
+القطاع ومؤسساته وأفراده والناس المهتمين في هذا 
+
+22
+00:01:49,890 --> 00:01:54,170
+المجال، عشان هيك احنا بنقول أن كل مؤسسة غير حكومية
+
+23
+00:01:55,390 --> 00:01:58,350
+نظرتها بتكون إيجابية وفاعلة جدا في المجتمع لما 
+
+24
+00:01:58,350 --> 00:02:03,110
+تقوم علاقاتها قوية مع الوزارات الحكومية، الوزارات
+
+25
+00:02:03,110 --> 00:02:08,250
+الحكومية هي الأساس في الحصول على الدعم وتسهيل
+
+26
+00:02:08,250 --> 00:02:13,730
+الدعم والموافقة على الدعم والإشراف على تنفيذ الدعم
+
+27
+00:02:13,730 --> 00:02:18,870
+حتى الرقابة والمتابعة والدعم لهذه المؤسسة في 
+
+28
+00:02:18,870 --> 00:02:22,130
+استمرار وجودها بيقوم على علاقتها الطيبة مع الوزارات
+
+29
+00:02:22,950 --> 00:02:27,490
+بمعنى في ممولين مظبوط للمنظمات الحكومية، في منظمات
+
+30
+00:02:27,490 --> 00:02:31,090
+حكومية أخرى، شركة أو منافسة أو مكملة مع بعض 
+
+31
+00:02:31,090 --> 00:02:35,880
+متعاونين مع بعض أو شركاء، ماشي، في قطاع خاص برضه كويس
+
+32
+00:02:35,880 --> 00:02:38,980
+في بعض شركات القطاع الخاص الكبيرة اللي ممكن تصل 
+
+33
+00:02:38,980 --> 00:02:42,440
+أنها تكون كجهات معتمدة وقوية، وبتكون حتى إلها 
+
+34
+00:02:42,440 --> 00:02:45,720
+تواصل مباشر مع الجهات الحكومية، وأحيان بعض مؤسسات
+
+35
+00:02:45,720 --> 00:02:49,640
+القطاع الخاص بتكون شركات حكومية في الأصل، ووجودها
+
+36
+00:02:49,640 --> 00:02:54,000
+لتقديم خدمات للمواطنين ومنتجات وأسعار مناسبة، و
+
+37
+00:02:54,000 --> 00:02:58,290
+بتكون استراتيجية وجودها استراتيجية للبلد بشكل كبير
+
+38
+00:02:58,290 --> 00:03:01,430
+فبالتالي بتدخل الحكومة أو يدخل الوزارات لعمل هذه
+
+39
+00:03:01,430 --> 00:03:04,790
+الشركات، قطاع خاص، باسم أنها قطاع خاص، لكن هي
+
+40
+00:03:04,790 --> 00:03:09,370
+ملكية تتبع إلى الدولة أو للوزارة، احنا بنقول إنه
+
+41
+00:03:09,370 --> 00:03:12,750
+العلاقات وتشبيك العلاقات في مجال الحصول على الدعم 
+
+42
+00:03:12,750 --> 00:03:16,790
+هو من خلال التعامل مع الوزارات، لإن أي ممول بده 
+
+43
+00:03:16,790 --> 00:03:20,650
+يجي يتعامل معنى في البلد، بده يتواصل مع الوزارة
+
+44
+00:03:20,650 --> 00:03:24,710
+ويطلب الإذن بالوزارة أو يشرح الفكرة تاعته ويطلب 
+
+45
+00:03:24,710 --> 00:03:28,210
+حتى مساعدة الوزارة في توفير اللوجستيات والمقرات
+
+46
+00:03:28,210 --> 00:03:32,930
+والمتابعة والتواصل، حتى موافقة الجهات المعنية، بين 
+
+47
+00:03:32,930 --> 00:03:37,740
+خلال الوزارة، أعطي مثال بسيط، مشروع اشتغلنا فيه مع
+
+48
+00:03:37,740 --> 00:03:42,100
+برضه هيئة التدريبات الإسلامية، كانت في تعليم و
+
+49
+00:03:42,100 --> 00:03:45,780
+تطوير التدريب، قطاع المهني، موجود في قطاع رزقة
+
+50
+00:03:45,780 --> 00:03:48,580
+اللي هو technical and vocational education and
+
+51
+00:03:48,580 --> 00:03:51,240
+training، طيب مين الجهات اللي بتشتغل في مجال 
+
+52
+00:03:51,240 --> 00:03:53,960
+التعليم والتدريب المهني؟ جهتين رئيسيتين ووزارتين
+
+53
+00:03:53,960 --> 00:03:56,580
+رئيسيتين، ووزارة التربية والتعليم والتعليم العالي
+
+54
+00:03:56,580 --> 00:04:00,990
+وزارة العمل، هدول اللي هم مراكز مهنية، وهدول اللي
+
+55
+00:04:00,990 --> 00:04:05,010
+هم مراكز مهنية، طيب لما ييجي مشروع ممول يقول أنا
+
+56
+00:04:05,010 --> 00:04:08,130
+بدي أعمل تطوير للمراكز المهنية اللي موجودة في قطاع
+
+57
+00:04:08,130 --> 00:04:11,870
+غزة، بنفع أروح للمراكز مباشرة؟ هذه مدرسة هاني نعيم
+
+58
+00:04:12,630 --> 00:04:16,290
+موجودة في الشمال، بيت حانون، طيب أروح لمباشر مع مدير 
+
+59
+00:04:16,290 --> 00:04:19,710
+المدرسة والمدرسين وأشوف ايش الإمكانيات وا ايش
+
+60
+00:04:19,710 --> 00:04:22,730
+اللي بتدرسولها الطلبة؟ هذه مدرسة مميزة جدا في
+
+61
+00:04:22,730 --> 00:04:26,390
+التعليم الزراعي والمنتجات الزراعية، كتير ممتازة في
+
+62
+00:04:26,390 --> 00:04:28,410
+قطاعها، هي المدرسة الوحيدة موجودة عندنا في الشمال 
+
+63
+00:04:28,410 --> 00:04:33,210
+قطاع غزة، مدرسة هاني نعيم الثانوية للتعليم الزراعي
+
+64
+00:04:33,210 --> 00:04:36,410
+للبلدان، هذه ممتازة جدا وأنا بشجع الشباب إنه حتى 
+
+65
+00:04:36,410 --> 00:04:39,510
+ليش ما يتواصل معها ويشوفوا منتجاتها الزراعية؟ طيب 
+
+66
+00:04:39,510 --> 00:04:44,890
+في مدرسة للمقاولات،.. لعمل المقاولات، يعني 
+
+67
+00:04:44,890 --> 00:04:48,970
+الإجارة والإنجارة والإحدادة والإسباكة، كيف 
+
+68
+00:04:48,970 --> 00:04:52,610
+يعملوا بلاط؟ يعني في مدرسة لتعليم الشباب اليوم كيف
+
+69
+00:04:52,610 --> 00:04:55,830
+يعمل.. يشتغل في مجال المباني والإنشاء؟ أنا عارف
+
+70
+00:04:55,830 --> 00:04:58,450
+أنه بعض الكلمات.. بعض الأفكار دي جديدة اللي اتطلب 
+
+71
+00:04:58,450 --> 00:05:01,720
+إنّه يسمحها لأول مرة، لإن قطعات هذه احنا متعرف عليه
+
+72
+00:05:01,720 --> 00:05:05,400
+أن هذه قطاعات مهنية بيعملها.. بيشتغل فيها أصحاب
+
+73
+00:05:05,400 --> 00:05:08,360
+المهنة اللي مارسوا العمل زمان في الأراضي المحتلة
+
+74
+00:05:08,360 --> 00:05:12,440
+لكن اليوم أنت بتتكلم على جيل جديد من الشباب كله
+
+75
+00:05:12,440 --> 00:05:15,640
+متعلم، دخل مدارس، جامعة، ماكنش فيهم، فترة من فترات كان
+
+76
+00:05:15,640 --> 00:05:19,260
+بيشتغل عامل من فترة صغيرة، ما فيش ما يمنع أن أنت
+
+77
+00:05:19,260 --> 00:05:23,420
+تشتغل عامل وأنت بتدرس تتعلم قطاع معين على حسب مهنة
+
+78
+00:05:23,420 --> 00:05:27,840
+أبوك أو عمك أو خالك أو أخوك، وأنت ممكن رغبتك في هذا
+
+79
+00:05:27,840 --> 00:05:31,500
+المجال أنك تطور مهارتك فيه، وفيه مدارس مهنية موجودة 
+
+80
+00:05:31,500 --> 00:05:35,940
+بمعنى بمعنى أن الدعم اللي بدي ييجي خليني أتكلم عنه
+
+81
+00:05:35,940 --> 00:05:39,140
+ونرجع ��رة ثانية، منظمات غير حكومية لو بالدعم ييجي
+
+82
+00:05:39,140 --> 00:05:44,160
+أنا كمؤسسة أو كممول عربي أو أجنبي أو حتى محلي، بدي
+
+83
+00:05:44,160 --> 00:05:47,620
+أدخل القطاعات هذه أطورها لازم أتواصل مع الوزارات 
+
+84
+00:05:48,150 --> 00:05:50,330
+يعني ما فيش أروح للمدارس المهنية مباشرة، أنا بدي
+
+85
+00:05:50,330 --> 00:05:54,570
+أروح للوزارات، فالوزارات التنسيق معها والترتيب معها
+
+86
+00:05:54,570 --> 00:05:57,450
+بيكون هو الأساس وبيفتح وبيدّيهم الموافقات أني
+
+87
+00:05:57,450 --> 00:06:00,830
+أتواصل مع المدارس المهنية، طب سؤال، إذا أنا جمعية أو 
+
+88
+00:06:00,830 --> 00:06:03,850
+منظمة حكومية بشتغل في مجال العمل الزراعي، تطوير 
+
+89
+00:06:03,850 --> 00:06:06,330
+العمل الزراعي، وأنا موجود في شمال بيت لاهيا بيت حانون 
+
+90
+00:06:06,330 --> 00:06:10,530
+في جباليا، طيب أنا كيف أريد أتعامل مع استفيد من هذه 
+
+91
+00:06:10,530 --> 00:06:13,850
+المنحة اللي جاية؟ فأنا أتواصل مع الوزارة، بأعرف إنه
+
+92
+00:06:13,850 --> 00:06:17,610
+في مشروع بيقولها تطوير قطاع المهني في مجال العمل
+
+93
+00:06:17,610 --> 00:06:20,550
+الزراعي من خلال مدرسة هاني نعيم، وأنا بتواصل مع
+
+94
+00:06:20,550 --> 00:06:23,710
+الوزارة، بتواصل مع المدرسة، وبشوف ايش في مجال يكون
+
+95
+00:06:23,710 --> 00:06:26,410
+في بعض الأنشطة أني أنا أستفيد منها، أجهزة ومعدات أن
+
+96
+00:06:26,410 --> 00:06:29,810
+أقدم خلالها يكون عندي مشروع مشترك أو برنامج مشترك
+
+97
+00:06:29,810 --> 00:06:34,880
+بينه وبين المدرسة، يبقى أنا أستطيع أن أحصل عليها 
+
+98
+00:06:34,880 --> 00:06:39,800
+دعم عيني أو نقدي أو دعم logistic في أموال أنفذها 
+
+99
+00:06:39,800 --> 00:06:43,180
+مباشرة، يعني مدرسة هاني نعيم على سبيل المثال عندهم
+
+100
+00:06:43,180 --> 00:06:47,970
+أحواض حضّين كبار ضخمين لتربية الأسماك، طيب، لو أنا
+
+101
+00:06:47,970 --> 00:06:51,670
+قطاع خاص أو منظمة حكومية، بدي أعمل ويلي اهتمام 
+
+102
+00:06:51,670 --> 00:06:54,970
+بالمشروع الزراعي، طب ليش ما أفكر أعمل أحواض لتربية
+
+103
+00:06:54,970 --> 00:06:59,310
+الأسماك؟ هي قطاع خاص ناجح فيها، بدليل أن أسعار
+
+104
+00:06:59,310 --> 00:07:02,370
+المنتجات اللي بيقدموها من الأسماك غالية مقارنة
+
+105
+00:07:02,370 --> 00:07:05,210
+بالأسعار اللي موجودة، جامدة في القاهرة، في مصر 
+
+106
+00:07:05,210 --> 00:07:10,070
+مثلا، نفس الأسماك اللي بتتقدم هنا من سمك مزارع 
+
+107
+00:07:11,310 --> 00:07:16,190
+أربع أضعاف أو خمس أضعاف أسماك البحر اللي موجودة 
+
+108
+00:07:16,190 --> 00:07:19,550
+جامدة هنا، جامدة في مصر، وبالتالي أن هذا السعر 
+
+109
+00:07:19,550 --> 00:07:22,330
+المنتج مدام عالي، يبقى فيه فرصة ممتازة لإني أنا 
+
+110
+00:07:22,330 --> 00:07:25,290
+أشتغل في هذا المجال وأحقق منه أرباح عالية، طيب أنا 
+
+111
+00:07:25,290 --> 00:07:28,390
+خريج جامعي ومجال الزراعين، طب كيف أدي أشتغل؟ أروح 
+
+112
+00:07:28,390 --> 00:07:31,710
+لمدرسة الهنعيم من خلال الوزارة وبقولوا اتفضل أيش
+
+113
+00:07:31,710 --> 00:07:36,370
+رأيكم أني أنا أبدأ أشتغل أنا وياك مع بعض وأستفيد
+
+114
+00:07:36,370 --> 00:07:39,660
+من الإمكانيات اللي موجودة وأخد من الخبرة اللي موجودة و
+
+115
+00:07:39,660 --> 00:07:42,780
+أجيب مثلا الأسماك الزرع الصغيرة وأجيب الأسمدة و
+
+116
+00:07:42,780 --> 00:07:45,160
+أستفيد من الـ logistics اللي موجود عندك في المكان و
+
+117
+00:07:45,160 --> 00:07:48,740
+الشغل هذا أطلب أتعلم عليه وأنا في نفس الوقت أقدم
+
+118
+00:07:48,740 --> 00:07:51,460
+كل الـ logistics اللي مطلوب.. الأمور اللي.. عفوا
+
+119
+00:07:51,460 --> 00:07:53,880
+اللي هي الـ.. الـ.. المنتجات اللي أنا أقدمها والـ
+
+120
+00:07:53,880 --> 00:07:56,540
+logistics عند المدرسة، يبقى أصبح في شراكة بين ثلاثة 
+
+121
+00:07:56,540 --> 00:07:59,230
+أربع جهات أو خمس جهات، جهة عندها الـ Logistics
+
+122
+00:07:59,230 --> 00:08:03,010
+الأرض والمعرش والمكان اللي موجود في الأحواض و
+
+123
+00:08:03,010 --> 00:08:07,110
+جهة ممولة، ممكن المؤسسة العربية أو الأجنبية اللي
+
+124
+00:08:07,110 --> 00:08:10,030
+جاية والطلبة هم اللي هيشرفوا ويشتغلوا بأيديهم و
+
+125
+00:08:10,030 --> 00:08:12,670
+هيخدوا الخبرة وهيفيدوني ومش هيكونوا تكلفة عليها 
+
+126
+00:08:12,670 --> 00:08:15,990
+عالية، والمدرسة اللي نقشت هذا البرنامج والمنتج 
+
+127
+00:08:15,990 --> 00:08:19,950
+في أول عن آخر بيتبيعه وهتستفيد من عائده المدرسة و
+
+128
+00:08:19,950 --> 00:08:22,970
+أنا كمستثمر مو حكومي بنيت الخبرة وماكلفتنيش كتير
+
+129
+00:08:22,970 --> 00:08:25,670
+مشروع زي هذا وأشتغل فيه مع الناس، إذا أصبحت 
+
+130
+00:08:25,670 --> 00:08:29,430
+الشراكة نقطة قوية وفاعلة في هذا المجال، الفكرة اللي
+
+131
+00:08:29,430 --> 00:08:32,770
+بحكيها درسناها مع بعض الأخوة زمالنا دكاترة أخوة
+
+132
+00:08:32,770 --> 00:08:35,930
+أفاضل وهم متخصصين في مجال الزراعي، موجودة عندنا في 
+
+133
+00:08:35,930 --> 00:08:39,090
+الجامعة الإسلامية في قسم البيئة وعلوم الأرض، لإنّ
+
+134
+00:08:39,090 --> 00:08:41,610
+ما يكون هذا الأمر برضه تدخل فيه مؤسسات أكاديمية
+
+135
+00:08:41,610 --> 00:08:45,670
+تدعم هذا المجال وتعمل خطة لاستغلال هذه الأماكن
+
+136
+00:08:45,670 --> 00:08:50,580
+اللي ممكن تطور وتفيد وتطور في هذا المجال، بمعنى
+
+137
+00:08:50,580 --> 00:08:53,380
+الدعم للجهات الرسمية هي الأساس، هي اللي بتفتح لي 
+
+138
+00:08:53,380 --> 00:08:56,840
+البوابة أن أتعامل مع المؤسسات الغير حكومية الثانية 
+
+139
+00:08:56,840 --> 00:09:00,900
+وأنشئ الشراكة أو الأكاديمية أو الخاصة أو الممولة 
+
+140
+00:09:00,900 --> 00:09:03,280
+وممكن أحصل على تمويل مباشر من هذه المؤسسة
+
+141
+00:09:03,280 --> 00:09:08,040
+الحكومية نشوف المجال المكتوب فيه الدعم للجهات
+
+142
+00:09:08,040 --> 00:09:13,480
+الرسمية الدولة هي الأساس لوجود الوزارات و المؤسسات 
+
+143
+00:09:13,480 --> 00:09:18,110
+اللي تحت إشرافها وبالتالي المنظمات الغير حكومية أو
+
+144
+00:09:18,110 --> 00:09:21,230
+الخيرية اللي موجودة كل واحدة لها مجالات معينة
+
+145
+00:09:21,230 --> 00:09:26,110
+بتختص فيها بتسجل مع الوزارات وما فيش ما يمنع أن يكون
+
+146
+00:09:26,110 --> 00:09:30,480
+العلاقات مع وزراء أخرى على سبيل المثال مثلا في
+
+147
+00:09:30,480 --> 00:09:33,600
+الكتاب يعطي فكرة أنه ليش ما يكون عندي تذاكر سفر
+
+148
+00:09:33,600 --> 00:09:37,600
+مجانية على الطيران لموظفين من نظام الخيرية طب أخذت 
+
+149
+00:09:37,600 --> 00:09:40,380
+هذه الموافقة من مين؟ من وزارة النقل والمواصلات
+
+150
+00:09:40,380 --> 00:09:43,320
+بالتنسيق مع مين؟ مع شركة الطيران طب شركة الطيران
+
+151
+00:09:43,320 --> 00:09:46,260
+هذه خاصة ولا حكومية؟ دولنا العربية بتكون هذه شركات
+
+152
+00:09:46,260 --> 00:09:50,220
+حكومية أو شركات خاصة بس لها أو شركات نظام خاص
+
+153
+00:09:50,220 --> 00:09:55,050
+لكنها تابعة بصندوقها بالكامل للحكومة طيب، هلقيت احنا 
+
+154
+00:09:55,050 --> 00:09:58,610
+إذا قدرنا نحصل على بعض تذاكر مجانية للموظفين اللي
+
+155
+00:09:58,610 --> 00:10:01,490
+بيبدأوا يسافروا علشان يعملوا تسويق لأنشطتهم يبقى
+
+156
+00:10:01,490 --> 00:10:05,690
+وفرت على حالي كثير من التكاليف وممكن أحجز فيها في 
+
+157
+00:10:05,690 --> 00:10:08,690
+الفترات اللي بيكون فيها انخفاض معدل السفر في هذه
+
+158
+00:10:08,690 --> 00:10:11,990
+الرحلات أو في أماكن اللي ممكن يكون في الفترات اللي
+
+159
+00:10:11,990 --> 00:10:16,590
+بيكون فيها السفر محدود طيب، احنا لو فكرنا بشكل 
+
+160
+00:10:16,590 --> 00:10:22,820
+آخر أن بعض المنظمات الحكومية بتعمل عملية الدعوة و
+
+161
+00:10:22,820 --> 00:10:28,600
+تع��يم الناس الإسلام وبالتالي ممكن يتم إرسال بعض
+
+162
+00:10:28,600 --> 00:10:32,420
+المدعوين بعض الدعاء من خلال منظمات غير حكومية للدول
+
+163
+00:10:32,420 --> 00:10:35,960
+اللي هي بيحتاج فيها لفهم الناس الدين الإسلامي
+
+164
+00:10:35,960 --> 00:10:41,080
+ويعلمهم القرآن ويعلمهم تعليم الدين نفس الشيء خدمات 
+
+165
+00:10:41,080 --> 00:10:46,880
+الصحية من الأطباء والصيادلة والممرضين اللي بيروحوا
+
+166
+00:10:46,880 --> 00:10:51,040
+لمعالجة المرضى ممكن مع موضوع التعليم ممكن الناس
+
+167
+00:10:51,040 --> 00:10:54,120
+الجراحين اللي بيقوموا بالعمليات الجراحية اللي لها
+
+168
+00:10:54,120 --> 00:10:58,500
+يعني صعوبة في بعض الدول الأخرى طب هؤلاء الفئات 
+
+169
+00:10:58,500 --> 00:11:03,040
+كلها ممكن تكون تابعة لمنظمات غير حكومية وجزء من مجال 
+
+170
+00:11:03,040 --> 00:11:06,440
+عملها أن تقدم هذه الخدمات للمجتمع سواء في نفس
+
+171
+00:11:06,440 --> 00:11:09,420
+المدينة اللي أنا فيها أو المدن الأخرى المحيطة
+
+172
+00:11:09,420 --> 00:11:12,300
+فيها أو الأقاليم التابعة للدولة أو الأقاليم اللي
+
+173
+00:11:12,300 --> 00:11:16,560
+هي ذات علاقة طيبة مع أو إيجار لهذه الدولة طب احنا
+
+174
+00:11:16,560 --> 00:11:19,860
+البداية أصبحت من وين؟ من العلاقة الطيبة مع الوزارات
+
+175
+00:11:19,860 --> 00:11:23,640
+خد كمان مثال المنظمات الحكومية في العادة بتكون هي
+
+176
+00:11:23,640 --> 00:11:28,290
+غير خاضعة لضريبة طيب أنا في بعض المنتجات أو بعض
+
+177
+00:11:28,290 --> 00:11:31,670
+الأجهزة بعض المعدات بعض السيارات أو وسائل النقل
+
+178
+00:11:31,670 --> 00:11:36,010
+لما بجيبها ممكن يعني يتم تسجيل عليّ ضريبة أو يتم 
+
+179
+00:11:36,010 --> 00:11:40,110
+تسجيل عليّ رسوم أو يتم عليّ معاملات حكومية بتكون
+
+180
+00:11:40,110 --> 00:11:42,910
+شوية فيها صعوبة طب لما يكون علاقتي طيبة مع الوزارات
+
+181
+00:11:42,910 --> 00:11:47,830
+الحكومية هذه هي ممكن يعمل لي وفرات في الوقت ووفرات
+
+182
+00:11:47,830 --> 00:11:50,830
+في التكاليف ووفرات حتى في اللوجستيات اللي مطلوب
+
+183
+00:11:50,830 --> 00:11:53,970
+لأداء عملي أنا ممكن أسلم الأجهزة والمعدات بس بعد
+
+184
+00:11:53,970 --> 00:11:57,260
+ستة أشهر أو سنة طيب والإجراءات تأخذ بنوقت طويل طب
+
+185
+00:11:57,260 --> 00:12:00,880
+أنا ممكن أسلمها فورًا والإجراءات ممكن نستكملها مؤقت
+
+186
+00:12:00,880 --> 00:12:04,680
+ثانيًا وزارات زي وزارة الأوقاف عندها إمكانيات عالية
+
+187
+00:12:04,680 --> 00:12:07,800
+في كل دولة عربية أو إسلامية عندهم الأراضي وعندهم
+
+188
+00:12:07,800 --> 00:12:11,140
+المحلات وعندهم المكاتب وعندهم مساحات واسعة تبرعوا
+
+189
+00:12:11,140 --> 00:12:16,280
+فيها ناس أفراد أو مؤسسات ليكون لهم عمل خير بعد
+
+190
+00:12:16,280 --> 00:12:20,960
+وفاتهم أو خلال حياتهم طيب أموال الأوقاف هي أموال
+
+191
+00:12:20,960 --> 00:12:26,040
+تقدم خير من الناس لخدمة الناس أموال الأيتام ومن 
+
+192
+00:12:26,040 --> 00:12:29,180
+الإشراف عليها استثمار أموال الأيتام في المشاريع
+
+193
+00:12:29,180 --> 00:12:32,020
+الخيرية طيب أنا علاقتي طيبة كمؤسسة مثلاً جامعية
+
+194
+00:12:32,020 --> 00:12:35,660
+خيرية ملحقة حكومية بترعى للأيتام تتواصل مع وزارة
+
+195
+00:12:35,660 --> 00:12:39,700
+الأوقاف أني أنا بقدم مشروع معين للأيتام ثقافي 
+
+196
+00:12:39,700 --> 00:12:48,650
+تعليمي استثماري، توعية مثلًا لو أنشطة ربحية يعني 
+
+197
+00:12:48,650 --> 00:12:52,770
+أنشطة يتعلموا كيف يعملوا صناعات أو مشروعات زراعية
+
+198
+00:12:52,770 --> 00:12:56,590
+تقدم أي شيء للبلد فهذه كلها أنا بيتم إنجازها
+
+199
+00:12:56,590 --> 00:13:01,290
+وبنجاح من خلال وجود علاقة طيبة مع الوزارات
+
+200
+00:13:01,290 --> 00:13:06,810
+الحكومية الحكومة كمان بتقدم تبرعات سخية للمنظمات
+
+201
+00:13:06,810 --> 00:13:10,200
+غير الحكومية كل على حسب مجاله وأحيانًا تفتح المجال
+
+202
+00:13:10,200 --> 00:13:12,960
+لمسابقات ما بينهم لتقديم الجوائز المالية أو
+
+203
+00:13:12,960 --> 00:13:17,400
+الجوائز اللوجستية في إمكانيات موجودة لدى الحكومات
+
+204
+00:13:17,870 --> 00:13:23,690
+تقدم هبة أو تقدم يعني مجانًا أو بصورة شبه مجانية
+
+205
+00:13:23,690 --> 00:13:27,530
+للمنظمات الحكومية يعني مثلاً عندنا ممكن تلاقي بعض
+
+206
+00:13:27,530 --> 00:13:34,010
+القاعات لعقد المؤتمرات أو الفعاليات الخاصة
+
+207
+00:13:34,010 --> 00:13:36,910
+بالمنظمات الحكومية بتلجأ فيها للمؤسسات الحكومية
+
+208
+00:13:36,910 --> 00:13:40,470
+عندهم القاعات وعندهم الأماكن وعندهم اللوجستيات
+
+209
+00:13:40,470 --> 00:13:44,160
+وعندهم الدعم وعندهم الترخيص والموافقة الإحصائيات 
+
+210
+00:13:44,160 --> 00:13:47,320
+اليوم يعني في الدول الأجنبية موجودة هتلاقي 
+
+211
+00:13:47,320 --> 00:13:52,120
+المنظمات الغير حكومية بتستفيد بشكل كبير يعني وبشكل 
+
+212
+00:13:52,120 --> 00:13:55,340
+واضح من الدعم اللي بتقدمه إلى المؤسسات الحكومية
+
+213
+00:13:55,340 --> 00:13:59,840
+ولا غنى عن المنظمات الغير حكومية عن المؤسسات
+
+214
+00:13:59,840 --> 00:14:02,760
+الحكومية أنا أحيانًا بسمع مقولة يقول لك احنا كمؤسسة
+
+215
+00:14:02,760 --> 00:14:06,840
+غير حكومية احنا بديل عن المؤسسة الحكومية أو احنا 
+
+216
+00:14:06,840 --> 00:14:10,580
+منافس للمؤسسة الحكومية أو احنا نقدم أشياء لا تقدمها
+
+217
+00:14:10,580 --> 00:14:12,940
+الوزارات أو احنا بنقدر على أمور أو أمور فنية
+
+218
+00:14:12,940 --> 00:14:15,720
+متخصصة فيها لا تفقه فيها الوزارات ده كلام عفواً
+
+219
+00:14:15,720 --> 00:14:20,000
+يعني يحتاج إلى إعادة تهيئة من أصحابه لأنه أصبح
+
+220
+00:14:20,000 --> 00:14:24,840
+لأنه دائمًا المضلة الرئيسية التي ترسم الخطة
+
+221
+00:14:24,840 --> 00:14:28,460
+الاستراتيجية وتعمل تشبيك العلاقات وتشرف على كل
+
+222
+00:14:28,460 --> 00:14:34,830
+الجهات الخاصة والحكومية غير الحكومية والدولية ومن
+
+223
+00:14:34,830 --> 00:14:39,130
+يأتي في هذه المهنة يجب أن يكون تابعًا إلى الوزارات
+
+224
+00:14:39,130 --> 00:14:43,250
+ومؤسسات حكومية هي اللي بتشرف وبتنظم المهنة في هذا
+
+225
+00:14:43,250 --> 00:14:47,290
+العمل في فترات وأزمات بتيجي على وضع البلد بيضطر
+
+226
+00:14:47,290 --> 00:14:50,590
+أن كل المنظمات عشان تستمر في وجودها أو survival أن
+
+227
+00:14:50,590 --> 00:14:55,130
+تظل موجودة في مجال عملها أن تلجأ للمنظمات الحكومية
+
+228
+00:14:55,130 --> 00:14:59,470
+تقول لها ساعدينا أو قدمي لنا الخدمات وقدمي لنا اللوجستيات
+
+229
+00:14:59,470 --> 00:15:02,370
+وقدمي لنا الدعم ووافقي أن أنا أكون مصدق عندك أو
+
+230
+00:15:02,370 --> 00:15:06,510
+مصدق عند أحد من المؤسسات الأخرى من ضمن الأشياء
+
+231
+00:15:06,510 --> 00:15:09,550
+اللي ممكن المنظمات الحكومية تستفيد منها بطريقة
+
+232
+00:15:09,550 --> 00:15:13,110
+مباشرة من الوزارات على سبيل المثال يعني نتكلم على 
+
+233
+00:15:13,110 --> 00:15:18,190
+وزارات التعليم أو الصحة أو الوزارات الرائدة يعني
+
+234
+00:15:18,190 --> 00:15:22,190
+في البلد اللي لهم ميزانيات كبيرة ممكن يتقدم قاعات
+
+235
+00:15:22,190 --> 00:15:25,950
+ورشات عمل ومدارس وكوادر من الموظفين تساعد
+
+236
+00:15:25,950 --> 00:15:30,080
+المنظمات الحكومية في أداء أعمالهم ممكن مثلًا البلديات،
+
+237
+00:15:30,080 --> 00:15:33,060
+بلديات قطاع برضه عنده من الموارد والإمكانيات
+
+238
+00:15:33,060 --> 00:15:36,660
+العالية يعني أنا مستخدم مثلًا بلدية غزافيا عنده بعض 
+
+239
+00:15:36,660 --> 00:15:39,780
+المكتبات العامة المفتوحة الكبيرة وبالإضافة 
+
+240
+00:15:39,780 --> 00:15:45,620
+للمكتبات هناك قاعات لفعاليات مساحاتها كبيرة ممكن 
+
+241
+00:15:45,620 --> 00:15:48,640
+تصل إلى خمسمائة متر وألف متر وألفين ومساحات 
+
+242
+00:15:48,640 --> 00:15:54,900
+واسعة مغطاة ومساحات مفتوحة لما بيصير بعض المنظمات
+
+243
+00:15:54,900 --> 00:15:58,240
+تعمل بعض الفعاليات بتحتاج البلدية تقول له من فضلك
+
+244
+00:15:58,240 --> 00:16:03,840
+اعطينا مثلًا أن في منطقة للفعاليات موجودة عند الجندر 
+
+245
+00:16:03,840 --> 00:16:09,760
+المجهول اللي هي بتعرفوها لموضوع الشوا اللي هو مركز
+
+246
+00:16:09,760 --> 00:16:13,240
+رشاد الشوا الثقافي هذا يتبع البلدية دغزة طيب 
+
+247
+00:16:13,240 --> 00:16:16,640
+فيها قاعات ضخمة بتنفي فيها فعاليات للمنظمات الحكومية
+
+248
+00:16:16,640 --> 00:16:19,900
+وبتلجأ لها وبتحصل عليها بأسعار رمزية يعني إذا بدي
+
+249
+00:16:19,900 --> 00:16:23,680
+أدفع نفس المقار بدي أدفع يعني ألف من الدولارات في
+
+250
+00:16:23,680 --> 00:16:26,120
+أحد الفنادق بياخدوا هنا ببضعة مئات من الدولارات
+
+251
+00:16:26,120 --> 00:16:31,400
+بتكون أمر بسيط وفي مساهمة نوعية وقيمة ذات يعني
+
+252
+00:16:31,400 --> 00:16:37,190
+يعني مباشرة لمصلحة المنظمات الحكومية فبالتالي احنا
+
+253
+00:16:37,190 --> 00:16:43,750
+نُعزز التواصل ونؤكد على أن وجود فعالية أي منظمة
+
+254
+00:16:43,750 --> 00:16:46,590
+غير حكومية هي بقدرتها على التواصل مع الجهات 
+
+255
+00:16:46,590 --> 00:16:50,610
+الرسمية وتحقيق منفعة مشتركة ما بين الطرفين نشكركم
+
+256
+00:16:50,610 --> 00:16:54,150
+لاهتمامكم وحسن استماعكم والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله
+
+257
+00:16:54,150 --> 00:16:54,430
+وبركاته

PL9fwy3NUQKwbqRqP24yHh6436xDshIebX/P3a855GOYuY_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,692 @@
+1
+00:00:05,600 --> 00:00:08,060
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والحمد لله رب العالمين
+
+2
+00:00:08,060 --> 00:00:11,600
+لقاءنا أثاني في هذه المحاضرة سيتكلم على مصادر
+
+3
+00:00:11,600 --> 00:00:15,220
+التمويل في الإسلام مصادر التمويل أن تسع مصادر
+
+4
+00:00:15,220 --> 00:00:20,080
+للتمويل وفقًا للكتب الفقهية والمناهج الفكرية
+
+5
+00:00:20,080 --> 00:00:25,610
+الإسلامية وهذه المصادر المختلفة أو التسعةتم
+
+6
+00:00:25,610 --> 00:00:30,930
+متابعتها من قبل العديد من المتخصصين في مجال
+
+7
+00:00:30,930 --> 00:00:39,010
+المصادر التمويل في الإسلام مرجعتها لطبيعة العمل في
+
+8
+00:00:39,010 --> 00:00:42,090
+الميدان أو طبيعة الإعلاقة ما بين المسلمين وغير
+
+9
+00:00:42,090 --> 00:00:46,970
+المسلمين وطبيعة التشريعات القانونية أو التشريعات
+
+10
+00:00:46,970 --> 00:00:51,770
+السماوية لرب العالمين أشار إلينا فيها للتعامل في
+
+11
+00:00:51,770 --> 00:00:56,370
+الأمور الماليةهذه المصادر التمويل هي للدولة أو هي
+
+12
+00:00:56,370 --> 00:01:00,590
+للمؤسسة أو هي للجهة اللى تستطيع أن تستلم هذه أموال
+
+13
+00:01:00,590 --> 00:01:04,570
+بأشكالها المختلفة وبالتالي تستطيع تبني منها
+
+14
+00:01:04,570 --> 00:01:08,310
+ميزانيات للانفاق عليها على أوجه العمل الخيري أو
+
+15
+00:01:08,310 --> 00:01:12,690
+أجه النشاطات المختلفة كالتعليم والصحة والمساعدات
+
+16
+00:01:12,690 --> 00:01:16,100
+الاجتماعيةمصادر التمويل التسعة هناخد في هذه
+
+17
+00:01:16,100 --> 00:01:20,440
+المحاضرة فقط تمانية و هنفرض الموضوع التاسع أو مصدر
+
+18
+00:01:20,440 --> 00:01:25,140
+التمويل التاسع لإنه يحتاج إلى وقف عنده هو الوقف
+
+19
+00:01:25,140 --> 00:01:28,060
+الوقف الإسلامي سناخده في محاضرة ان شاء الله
+
+20
+00:01:28,060 --> 00:01:33,000
+التالية .. الثالثة في هذه السلسلة من الفصل ..
+
+21
+00:01:33,000 --> 00:01:36,520
+الفصل السابع بتتكلم عن تنمية المواد المالية في
+
+22
+00:01:36,520 --> 00:01:40,260
+المؤسسات الخيرية أو مؤسسات المنظمات الغير حكومية
+
+23
+00:01:40,780 --> 00:01:44,940
+هناخد التمانية هنتكلم عنهم الآن بالمختصر والتاسع
+
+24
+00:01:44,940 --> 00:01:48,420
+سنفرضله ان شاء الله محاضرة بالكامل له رقم تلاتان
+
+25
+00:01:48,420 --> 00:02:02,920
+فنتكلم على مصادر التمويل في الإسلام مصادر
+
+26
+00:02:02,920 --> 00:02:07,800
+التمويل عندنا مصدر الخاص بالزكاة والمصدر الآخر
+
+27
+00:02:07,800 --> 00:02:09,020
+اللي هو الخاص بالغنائم
+
+28
+00:02:11,450 --> 00:02:17,210
+مصدر الثالث سيكون الفيق، مصدر الرابع هيكون
+
+29
+00:02:17,210 --> 00:02:20,270
+الصدقات،
+
+30
+00:02:20,270 --> 00:02:25,050
+الخامس سيكون العشور،
+
+31
+00:02:25,050 --> 00:02:29,510
+السادس سيكون الخلاج،
+
+32
+00:02:29,510 --> 00:02:33,130
+والسبع والثامن ستكون القرود والجزية
+
+33
+00:02:38,340 --> 00:02:45,340
+إيه بقى الآن لدينا الذكاء والغنائم والفيق والصدقات
+
+34
+00:02:45,340 --> 00:02:51,040
+والعشور والخراج والقرور والجزية والمصدر الأخير
+
+35
+00:02:51,040 --> 00:02:57,040
+سيكون أمامنا ان شاء الله في محاضرة منفصلة هي الوقف
+
+36
+00:02:57,040 --> 00:03:00,800
+المحاضرة
+
+37
+00:03:00,800 --> 00:03:08,680
+الثالثة لهذه التفاصيلوأكثر إسهابا بيها سنلقي عليها
+
+38
+00:03:08,680 --> 00:03:12,860
+بعض الضوء في هذا الكتاب ولمن يريد الاستزادة من
+
+39
+00:03:12,860 --> 00:03:15,700
+القصص والعبر الموجودة في التاريخ ننصحه برجوع إلى
+
+40
+00:03:15,700 --> 00:03:18,940
+كتب الفقهية أو الكتب المعاملة المالية في الإسلام
+
+41
+00:03:18,940 --> 00:03:24,040
+شكرين لكم ونبدأ بعون الله بسم الله مصادر التمويل
+
+42
+00:03:24,040 --> 00:03:27,540
+في الإسلام تتعدد بداية هناك الذكاء وهي الفريدة
+
+43
+00:03:27,540 --> 00:03:31,640
+الثالثة في الإسلامواجب على كل مسلم بالغ عقل حر
+
+44
+00:03:31,640 --> 00:03:37,040
+مالك للنصاب وحالة اذا النصاب عليها الحول الذكاء هي
+
+45
+00:03:37,040 --> 00:03:45,740
+لغة مصدرا ذكاء بمعنى نمى وزادى وذكى فلان اذا صلح
+
+46
+00:03:45,740 --> 00:03:49,420
+فلان الذكاء هي البركة والنماء والطهارة والصلاحة
+
+47
+00:03:49,420 --> 00:03:55,180
+كلمات رنانة قويةتجعل في النفس الراحة ورغبة في
+
+48
+00:03:55,180 --> 00:04:00,280
+العمل ورغبة في إتاء هذه الذكاء بقوة نلاحظ دائما أن
+
+49
+00:04:00,280 --> 00:04:04,880
+آيات القرآن الكريم تربط ما بين أقام الصلاة و آت
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+50
+00:04:04,880 --> 00:04:08,960
+الذكاء الصلاة والذكاء ذُكرت متعددة في القرآن
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+51
+00:04:08,960 --> 00:04:17,450
+الكريم متردفة يعني متلاسقتينورب العالمين دائما عزز
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+52
+00:04:17,450 --> 00:04:22,450
+الشريعة الإسلامية وعزز السلوك الإنساني بالصلاة
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+53
+00:04:22,450 --> 00:04:29,770
+والزكاة الذكاءة شرعا هي حصة مقدرة من المال فرضها
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+54
+00:04:29,770 --> 00:04:37,210
+رب العزة على ناس مستحقين لها وهذه الحصة من المال
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+55
+00:04:37,210 --> 00:04:46,100
+تخرج وفق حسابات معينةوتعالج وتقدم إلى فئات محدودة
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+56
+00:04:46,100 --> 00:04:54,420
+الهدف منها هو تحقيق الراحة النفسية والمادية من حيث
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+57
+00:04:54,420 --> 00:05:00,820
+النمو ما بين الطرفان الأيات
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+58
+00:05:00,820 --> 00:05:08,140
+القرأنية التي صنفت مستحقي الذكاءإنما الصدقات
+
+59
+00:05:08,140 --> 00:05:14,080
+للفقراء والمساكين والعاملين عليها والمؤلفة قلوبهم
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+60
+00:05:14,080 --> 00:05:19,120
+وفي الرقاب والغارمين وفي سبيل الله وابن السبيل
+
+61
+00:05:19,120 --> 00:05:26,160
+فريضة من الله والله عليم حكيم الفئات الثمانية
+
+62
+00:05:26,160 --> 00:05:33,520
+ذكروا في القرآن بصورة واضحة وهذه الفئاتالهدف منها
+
+63
+00:05:33,520 --> 00:05:41,720
+هو مساعدتهم من ناحية اجتماعية و أخلاقية و خلقية و
+
+64
+00:05:41,720 --> 00:05:48,120
+هذه المصاريف و هذه الأعمال دائما لمواجهة
+
+65
+00:05:48,120 --> 00:05:53,340
+احتياجاتهم الأصلية أو الطاريةودائما التركيز على
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+66
+00:05:53,340 --> 00:05:59,340
+الفقراء المساكين وغيرهم المصارف هي من أدوات حقيقية
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+67
+00:05:59,340 --> 00:06:05,080
+للتواصل ما بين الأفراد والترابط المجتمعي في أمور
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+68
+00:06:05,080 --> 00:06:09,980
+خاصة بمساعدة الناس وفي أمور خاصة لتحقيق سيادة
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+69
+00:06:09,980 --> 00:06:15,840
+الدولة ونضرة الدولة لتحقيق رسالتها دولة الإسلامية
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+70
+00:06:15,840 --> 00:06:21,700
+لتحقيق رسالتها والتعامل مع المجتمعدائما استمالت
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+71
+00:06:21,700 --> 00:06:26,740
+بعض الأفراد من غير المسلمين ليدخلهم في الإسلام
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+72
+00:06:26,740 --> 00:06:32,660
+المؤلفة قلوبهم دائما موضوع الولاء لأمة الإسلام
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+73
+00:06:32,660 --> 00:06:39,520
+ورغبة التعاضض والتواصل المجتمعي مع غير المسلمين
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+74
+00:06:39,520 --> 00:06:46,960
+مطلب وغاية لفئات متعددة ممن يعمل على جمع الذكاء
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+75
+00:06:46,960 --> 00:06:49,660
+وتوزيحها في المصارف المناسبة
+
+76
+00:06:57,500 --> 00:07:03,600
+احتياجات هناك مختلفة متعددة والزكاة دائما تعمل على
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+77
+00:07:03,600 --> 00:07:11,080
+سد هذه الاحتياجات ومواجهة الأزمات الزكاة لها قيمة
+
+78
+00:07:11,080 --> 00:07:17,420
+عالية واتفق العلماء أن الزكاة تلعب دور مهم لمواجهة
+
+79
+00:07:17,420 --> 00:07:20,620
+الكوارث والنكبات والأزمات الطارئة اللي تواجه
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+80
+00:07:20,620 --> 00:07:25,380
+المجتمعات الإسلامية أو فئات فئة المجتمعالنوع
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+81
+00:07:25,380 --> 00:07:29,100
+التاني من مصادر التمويل في الإسلام هي الغنائم أو
+
+82
+00:07:29,100 --> 00:07:35,540
+الغنيمة هي الفوز بالشيء بلا مشقة أو مشقة بسيطة ما
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+83
+00:07:35,540 --> 00:07:40,540
+أخذ من أموال أهل الحرب عنوة بطريق القهر أو الغلبة
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+84
+00:07:40,540 --> 00:07:42,940
+وهذه كانت في الفتحات الإسلامية
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+85
+00:07:45,320 --> 00:07:50,920
+للمناطق الجغرا��ية التي الآن تخضع تحت حكم الدول
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+86
+00:07:50,920 --> 00:07:55,900
+الإسلامية و البلاد الإسلامية تشمل بلادنا العربية و
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+87
+00:07:55,900 --> 00:08:00,320
+بلادنا في جنوب شرق آسيا و في بعض مناطق موجودة في
+
+88
+00:08:00,320 --> 00:08:06,800
+دول العالم دخلها الإسلام بقوة الفتحات الإسلامية و
+
+89
+00:08:06,800 --> 00:08:10,680
+كان لهم أثر في انتشار الإسلام و عمل وقع كبير
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+90
+00:08:10,680 --> 00:08:18,810
+للمسلمين سبحان اللهوعلموا إنما غنمتم من شيء فإن
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+91
+00:08:18,810 --> 00:08:23,710
+لله خمس هو للرسول ولد القربة واليتامة والمساكين
+
+92
+00:08:23,710 --> 00:08:31,210
+وابن السبيل إن كنتم آمنتم بالـ 20% من الغنائم تذهب
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+93
+00:08:31,210 --> 00:08:38,930
+إلى فئات محددة الخمس يذهب إلى القربة ده والقربة
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+94
+00:08:38,930 --> 00:08:43,640
+واليتامة والمساكين وابن السبيلالغنائم تقسم و
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+95
+00:08:43,640 --> 00:08:50,240
+الرسول عليه الصلاة والسلام كان يقسم الغنائم دائما
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+96
+00:08:50,240 --> 00:08:57,200
+العمل بالتشريع الإسلامي يريح الجميع لأن القرار
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+97
+00:08:57,200 --> 00:09:03,420
+واحد والمرجعية واحدة ومن أصدر الأمر هو الله عز وجل
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+98
+00:09:07,140 --> 00:09:13,360
+أسهم التوزيع بالنسبة للحصص الخاصة بالغنائم جُعلت
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+99
+00:09:13,360 --> 00:09:19,940
+لفئات نص عليها القرآن وهذه الأمور لها حساباتها
+
+100
+00:09:19,940 --> 00:09:27,740
+واضحة موجودة في التعامل معاهم وننصح إخواننا اللي
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+101
+00:09:27,740 --> 00:09:33,000
+بيشتغلوا في هذا المجال تنمية مصادر التمويل بالحصول
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+102
+00:09:33,000 --> 00:09:36,980
+على هذه المراجعوتوفيرها دائما كمرجية لإلهم في
+
+103
+00:09:36,980 --> 00:09:44,040
+اتخاذ القرار النوع الثالث هو الفيق اجوجوع المال
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+104
+00:09:44,040 --> 00:09:49,240
+الذي يُأخذ من الحربين من غير قتال أي بطريق الصُلح
+
+105
+00:09:49,240 --> 00:09:59,260
+كالجزية و الخراجة الفيق له حسبة خاصة يستخدم في
+
+106
+00:09:59,260 --> 00:10:05,080
+أعمال الخيرإقامة المستشفيات والمدارس مساعدة الناس
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+107
+00:10:05,080 --> 00:10:12,520
+اصلاح الطرق والجسور دائما مصالح المسلمين دائما
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+108
+00:10:12,520 --> 00:10:19,140
+تقدم في توفير بناء تحتية تناسب المسلمين فالفيق
+
+109
+00:10:19,140 --> 00:10:23,660
+يستخدم في هذا المجال النوع الرابع هو الصدقات وايضا
+
+110
+00:10:23,660 --> 00:10:25,760
+مجال الصدقات واسع كبير
+
+111
+00:10:28,930 --> 00:10:34,770
+الصدقة معناها أنها مأخوذة من فعل صدقة بمعنى قوال
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+112
+00:10:34,770 --> 00:10:41,390
+الحق ويترجع إلى أن تصدق المسلم يدل على صدق إيمانه
+
+113
+00:10:41,390 --> 00:10:51,510
+والصدقة تعم التطوع وصدقة الفرض هي الذكاء بمعنى
+
+114
+00:10:51,510 --> 00:10:58,970
+أن الصدقاتتدفع المال بداية ذكاء وما زاد عن هذه
+
+115
+00:10:58,970 --> 00:11:03,290
+المبالغ التي حددت للذكاء هي صداقات وصداقات لها
+
+116
+00:11:03,290 --> 00:11:09,790
+معنى أن تكون مادية قد تكون معنوية صداقات عمل عمل
+
+117
+00:11:09,790 --> 00:11:18,240
+تطوعتقدم لأوجه الخير تقدم في سبيل الله لخدمة
+
+118
+00:11:18,240 --> 00:11:22,320
+المجتمع وخدمة العمل الخير والصداقات أبوابها متعددة
+
+119
+00:11:22,320 --> 00:11:26,760
+والصداقة الجارية ذُكرت في حديث من قطع عمل ابن آدم
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+120
+00:11:26,760 --> 00:11:32,880
+إلا من ثلاث صداقة جارية وعلم ينتفع به وولد صالح
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+121
+00:11:32,880 --> 00:11:38,640
+يدعو لهم المصدر الخامس هو العشور العشور المقصود
+
+122
+00:11:38,640 --> 00:11:41,180
+بها هي الضرائب التي تُخد من المسلمين
+
+123
+00:11:46,490 --> 00:11:52,010
+انتقال الأموال التجارية والبضائع من داخل إقليم إلى
+
+124
+00:11:52,010 --> 00:11:59,910
+داخل إقليم يُأخذ منه عشور تُأخذ منه بعض الأموال
+
+125
+00:11:59,910 --> 00:12:05,670
+وهذه الأموال تقدم لمصلحة المسلمين وفي قصة كانت عن
+
+126
+00:12:05,670 --> 00:12:13,390
+عمرو بن الخطاب رضي الله عنه في هذا المجال فالقصص
+
+127
+00:12:13,390 --> 00:12:18,910
+المأخودةنحن نهدف إلى المغزة والمعنى من هذه القصص
+
+128
+00:12:18,910 --> 00:12:26,130
+بمعنى إن العشور تُأخذ في مواطن معينة أيضًا الهدف
+
+129
+00:12:26,130 --> 00:12:33,670
+العام هو تقديمها للمسلمين وتقديمها في صورة ضمان
+
+130
+00:12:33,670 --> 00:12:38,930
+اجتماعي أو كفلات للأيتام أو كفلات لناس التي تعاني
+
+131
+00:12:38,930 --> 00:12:45,650
+من الفقر وتوفير سبب المعيشة آمن لهمالنمط السادس هو
+
+132
+00:12:45,650 --> 00:12:53,230
+الخراج الأتاوة لها مصطلح آخر يخرج من غلة الأرض
+
+133
+00:12:53,230 --> 00:12:58,430
+والمال المال المضروب على الأرض هي مصطلحات مختلفة
+
+134
+00:12:58,430 --> 00:13:04,970
+موضعة على رقاب الأرضيين من حقوق تؤدى عنها بمعنى
+
+135
+00:13:04,970 --> 00:13:08,530
+الخراج هي ضريبة مالية والخراج
+
+136
+00:13:10,710 --> 00:13:17,430
+مصالح من المسلمين التي تقدم يؤخذ منها جزء من .. من
+
+137
+00:13:17,430 --> 00:13:21,970
+هذه الأموال ليه أيضا بناء القناطق على الأنهار
+
+138
+00:13:21,970 --> 00:13:27,430
+وبناء الجسور ما بين الأنهار وبناء المساجد وعمل
+
+139
+00:13:27,430 --> 00:13:32,590
+المستشفيات فالخراج تعزز خدمات اللي يقدم للمسلمين
+
+140
+00:13:32,590 --> 00:13:39,770
+من أموال المسلمين الموضوع السابع القجود القجود
+
+141
+00:13:41,190 --> 00:13:48,410
+هناك قرض من شخص إلى آخر بالمصطلح ما تعطيه من مال
+
+142
+00:13:48,410 --> 00:13:56,390
+فعلي لتتقاضاه لاحقا هو عقد بين طرفين دفع مال الآن
+
+143
+00:13:56,390 --> 00:14:02,290
+لآخر و هذا الآخر بعد فترة يرد أو يرجع هذا المال
+
+144
+00:14:02,290 --> 00:14:09,750
+إلى صاحبه استدانة الدولة للأموال من الغيرمع التأهد
+
+145
+00:14:09,750 --> 00:14:15,230
+بردها، هذا نوع من القرود تمارس حقوق البلديات
+
+146
+00:14:15,230 --> 00:14:19,950
+والدول والمؤسسات على رعياها، لكن هنا نريد التركيز
+
+147
+00:14:19,950 --> 00:14:24,030
+أن لا يوجد فوائد على هذه القرود، القرود الحسنة
+
+148
+00:14:24,830 --> 00:14:28,370
+القروض تمول مشاريع اقتصادية، تمول مشاريع الذراعية،
+
+149
+00:14:28,370 --> 00:14:32,430
+تمول مشاريع التجارية ومشاريع الصينية تعود بالعائد
+
+150
+00:14:32,430 --> 00:14:39,110
+والفائدة الخدمية والمجتمعية ومصلحة .. وتقدم
+
+151
+00:14:39,110 --> 00:14:42,590
+للمجتمع النمط الثامن والأخير في هذه المحاضرة
+
+152
+00:14:42,590 --> 00:14:50,470
+ستتكلم عن الجزية ما المقدر مأخوذ من الذمى الذمى هم
+
+153
+00:14:52,130 --> 00:14:57,070
+أهل الكتاب و هم مقيمين في البلاد الإسلامية بمعنى
+
+154
+00:14:57,070 --> 00:15:02,790
+هي ضريبة على رؤوس عدد الأفراد أو كل شخص موجود ذمي
+
+155
+00:15:02,790 --> 00:15:07,250
+موجود في ذمة اللي هو في ذمة المسلمين يعيش على
+
+156
+00:15:07,250 --> 00:15:12,070
+أراضيهم و هو غير مسلم يدفع هذا المال يسمى الجزية
+
+157
+00:15:12,070 --> 00:15:16,170
+لبيت المال المسلمين أيضا لينفقوا على رعاية الدولة
+
+158
+00:15:16,170 --> 00:15:22,950
+الإسلامية و حاجاتهم الضرورية مصادر تمانيةتناولتها
+
+159
+00:15:22,950 --> 00:15:28,310
+الكتب الفقهية بالاسهاب و القصص و الحكايات و .. و
+
+160
+00:15:28,310 --> 00:15:32,970
+ما أنفقت هذه الأموال و مصادر هذه الأموال و كيف
+
+161
+00:15:32,970 --> 00:15:39,050
+حدثت خلال فترات مختلفة من تاريخ الإسلامعند معرفتنا
+
+162
+00:15:39,050 --> 00:15:43,290
+بالتاريخ وبالأمور السابقة نستطيع أن نقف الآن على
+
+163
+00:15:43,290 --> 00:15:48,370
+أرضية صلبة للنظر إلى المستقبل ومقارنة ما يحدث الآن
+
+164
+00:15:48,370 --> 00:15:52,850
+وما هو لدينا الآن بما كان يحدث في الماضي دائما
+
+165
+00:15:52,850 --> 00:15:57,710
+التخطيط للمستقبل يحتاج منه أن نعمل تحليل وضعنا
+
+166
+00:15:57,710 --> 00:16:02,230
+الحالي وفهمنا لأ الفترات التاريخية السابقة لكي
+
+167
+00:16:02,230 --> 00:16:06,450
+نستطيع أن ننظر إلى المستقبل بناء على معطيات واضحة
+
+168
+00:16:06,450 --> 00:16:12,130
+على الأرضنسعد دائما بتقديم أفكار بسيطة وسهلة
+
+169
+00:16:12,130 --> 00:16:19,370
+ومختصرة في إطار تمهيد لأمور قادمة إن شاء الله تعزز
+
+170
+00:16:19,370 --> 00:16:23,110
+أداء أدائنا ودورنا في البحث عن مصادر تمويل بطرق
+
+171
+00:16:23,110 --> 00:16:27,390
+متنوعة نستطيع أن نعمل فيها مؤسساتنا ونحقق أهدافنا
+
+172
+00:16:27,390 --> 00:16:31,090
+ونخدم مجتمعنا نترككم في رعاية الله توفيقه والسلام
+
+173
+00:16:31,090 --> 00:16:32,590
+عليكم ورحمة الله تعالى
+

PL9fwy3NUQKwbqRqP24yHh6436xDshIebX/S_dkdzOYGbE.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,935 @@
+1
+00:00:04,960 --> 00:00:07,520
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والحمد لله رب العالمين
+
+2
+00:00:07,520 --> 00:00:13,680
+لقاءنا هذا هيكون حول طريقة 13 اللي هو بيتكلم على
+
+3
+00:00:13,680 --> 00:00:17,000
+المزاد سواء مزاد علني أو مزاد صامت
+
+4
+00:00:29,920 --> 00:00:34,340
+التبرعات الموجودة بالمزادات والمزاد بيطلق عليه 
+
+5
+00:00:34,340 --> 00:00:41,040
+المزاد الخيري أو المزادات الخيرية المزاد
+
+6
+00:00:41,040 --> 00:00:47,980
+فيها مزايدة في ناس بترفع أسعار وفي ناس بتقدم أسعار
+
+7
+00:00:47,980 --> 00:00:51,760
+وفي ناس بتحاول تزيد أسعار على أسعار المزايدة بأن 
+
+8
+00:00:51,760 --> 00:00:56,430
+الكل بيحاول يحصل على هذه السلعة في العادة مقابل
+
+9
+00:00:56,430 --> 00:01:01,710
+مبلغ مالي بيتم يعني عرضه ما بين الناس في صورة من
+
+10
+00:01:01,710 --> 00:01:05,850
+شكل من اثنين المزاد الخيري ممكن يكون مجموعة من 
+
+11
+00:01:05,850 --> 00:01:10,110
+الأفراد جايين ونعمل مزاد علني مزاد علني يعني أنا
+
+12
+00:01:10,110 --> 00:01:13,990
+بمسك سلعة بقول له تفضل السلعة هذه هي كذا وكذا و
+
+13
+00:01:13,990 --> 00:01:17,470
+كذا ممكن تكون لوحة فنية ممكن تكون قطعة.. قطعة من 
+
+14
+00:01:17,470 --> 00:01:22,640
+مجهورات قد تكون نيشان قد تكون شيء له قيمة معينة
+
+15
+00:01:22,640 --> 00:01:27,320
+لأحد الشخصيات المعروفة أو شيء أنا كمؤسسة بدي 
+
+16
+00:01:27,320 --> 00:01:31,480
+أبيعه، عندي سيارات مستخدمة، عندي أجهزة وأثاث 
+
+17
+00:01:31,480 --> 00:01:35,080
+مستخدم حاببني أقدمه أو قطعة أرض أو عقار أو ما شابه
+
+18
+00:01:35,440 --> 00:01:38,640
+فالمزاد العلني بقدم هذا الشيء أمام الجميع وبطلب
+
+19
+00:01:38,640 --> 00:01:42,380
+من الجميع كل واحد يقدم مثلاً أو أول بداية المزاد من
+
+20
+00:01:42,380 --> 00:01:46,420
+سعر معين وبسمع إذا كان في حد بيزاود في الأسعار و
+
+21
+00:01:46,420 --> 00:01:49,160
+بناخد أعلى السعر اللي وقف عنده هذا الأمر لو حد
+
+22
+00:01:49,160 --> 00:01:53,120
+فيينا نزل على حسبة السمك يعني عندنا هنا مثلاً في بحر
+
+23
+00:01:53,120 --> 00:01:55,800
+غزة عندنا حسبة السمك بتكون بدري الفجر بعد الفجر و
+
+24
+00:01:55,800 --> 00:02:00,980
+غير الساعة السابعة الصبح بتكون خلصت الخاصة بالحسبة
+
+25
+00:02:01,530 --> 00:02:04,130
+هنا بيصيح فيه مزاد، بيكون عندنا السمك محطوط في
+
+26
+00:02:04,130 --> 00:02:09,250
+فروش من السمك موجودين وبيجي الدلال واقف على كل فرش
+
+27
+00:02:09,250 --> 00:02:12,270
+واحد واحد بيمشي أو كل مجموعة من الفروش السمك يعني
+
+28
+00:02:12,270 --> 00:02:14,910
+اللي هي القطع الخشبية اللي موجود فيها السمك مصفوف
+
+29
+00:02:14,910 --> 00:02:18,730
+وفي العادة بيكونوا كل قطعة خشبية بيكون فيها أو 
+
+30
+00:02:18,730 --> 00:02:22,350
+صندوق خشب محطوط فيه سمك من نفس الصنف بيكون وبيجيبوا
+
+31
+00:02:22,350 --> 00:02:27,790
+هذا لصنف معين مثلاً نتكلم على سمك سردينة منتشر بشكل
+
+32
+00:02:27,790 --> 00:02:31,350
+كبير هدول العشر بوكسات يالا مين بده يزود عليهم كل 
+
+33
+00:02:31,350 --> 00:02:34,510
+واحد بيعني بعطي سعر أقول لك هذا مثلاً علي البوكسة
+
+34
+00:02:34,510 --> 00:02:36,990
+الواحدة بأربعين شكل والتاني بقول لك خمسين والثالث
+
+35
+00:02:36,990 --> 00:02:39,950
+ستين ووقفت عند ستين خمسة وستين خلاص خمسة وستين
+
+36
+00:02:39,950 --> 00:02:43,530
+فلان فأصبحت عشر بوكسات في خمسة وستين يعني ستمائة و
+
+37
+00:02:43,530 --> 00:02:48,150
+خمسين شكل سجلت على فلان وهذا موجود في السوق مدرج
+
+38
+00:02:48,150 --> 00:02:52,540
+اسمه حاطط تأمين بحيث أن التأمين بيلزم أن هو ياخد
+
+39
+00:02:52,540 --> 00:02:55,480
+الأيش؟ وياخد الأسماك وهو تاجر أو هو دائماً متداول
+
+40
+00:02:55,480 --> 00:02:59,340
+في هذا المجال فهذا مزاد احنا بنسميه مزاد علني و
+
+41
+00:02:59,340 --> 00:03:01,820
+المؤسسة الخيرية ممكن تم��رس المزاد العلني برضه 
+
+42
+00:03:01,820 --> 00:03:06,480
+بأريحية موجودة في كثير من مواضيع حصلت سلع أو
+
+43
+00:03:06,480 --> 00:03:10,180
+منتجات عندها بدها تحاول تبيح للناس أو شغلات حصلت
+
+44
+00:03:10,180 --> 00:03:13,100
+عليها بدها تبيع وتتصرف فيها وتاخد فلوسها من الناس
+
+45
+00:03:13,100 --> 00:03:17,490
+المزاد الثاني مزاد الصامت الفكرة أنه بأجي بعرض 
+
+46
+00:03:17,490 --> 00:03:20,910
+احنا هذا اللي بيبقى علني هذا مزاد صامت نيجي بصامت
+
+47
+00:03:20,910 --> 00:03:24,370
+إيش بنقول نقول للناس هذه اللي بدنا نبيحها سواء 
+
+48
+00:03:24,370 --> 00:03:28,830
+برضه سيارة أو أثاث أو قطعة ثمينة أو عقار أو أي شيء
+
+49
+00:03:28,830 --> 00:03:33,320
+بده ابيعه بس من فضل حضراتكم في عندي ظرف وهذا ظرف
+
+50
+00:03:33,320 --> 00:03:38,580
+المغلق بدنا الناس تدفع تأمين وتشتري.. وتحصل على 
+
+51
+00:03:38,580 --> 00:03:40,860
+.. يعني الظرف تشتريه في العادة، في العادة بيحط
+
+52
+00:03:40,860 --> 00:03:45,060
+مبلغ معين وليكم مثلاً ما يقعد الـ 100 شيكل يعني 20 
+
+53
+00:03:45,060 --> 00:03:48,680
+دينار أو.. أو 30 دولار زي ذلك، هم بدفع تأمين،
+
+54
+00:03:48,680 --> 00:03:51,460
+بيحصل على الظرف، بيشتريه، طب ليش بيحطوا هم الظرف
+
+55
+00:03:51,460 --> 00:03:56,370
+في فلوس على أساس أنه يكون فيه إلزام للناس وجدية من
+
+56
+00:03:56,370 --> 00:03:59,610
+الناس أنه.. أنه مش أي حد ممكن يجيلي ألف واحد
+
+57
+00:03:59,610 --> 00:04:02,870
+بياخدوا الظرف لأ أنا قايل بمية شيكل اللي هيجيه
+
+58
+00:04:02,870 --> 00:04:05,730
+يشتغله عشرة أو خمس عشرة يعني هدول هم اللي فعلاً
+
+59
+00:04:05,730 --> 00:04:08,290
+اللي هيقدموا معايا في الأرض طب وبالنسبة للمزاد 
+
+60
+00:04:08,290 --> 00:04:10,910
+العلني المزاد العلني برضه نفس الحاجة اللي بيدخل
+
+61
+00:04:10,910 --> 00:04:14,000
+المزاد بيدفع تأمين التأمين يعني قيمة في العادة مثلاً
+
+62
+00:04:14,000 --> 00:04:17,540
+5% تصل إلى 10% من قيمة الشيء اللي احنا بنعرضه 
+
+63
+00:04:17,540 --> 00:04:21,260
+للناس هنا في الظرف المغلق بنقول له تفضل اشتري الظرف
+
+64
+00:04:21,260 --> 00:04:25,480
+بيشتريه وبعدين بدك تدخل في المزاد المغلق بدك تدفع
+
+65
+00:04:25,480 --> 00:04:29,120
+تأمين بقيمة معينة ممكن اشتريت أقول له ألف دينار خمس 
+
+66
+00:04:29,120 --> 00:04:32,000
+تلاف شيكل أو أقول له مثلاً ألفين دولار سبعة تلاف شيكل
+
+67
+00:04:32,000 --> 00:04:36,440
+أقول له تفضل ادفعهم طيب اللي بيدفع التأمين برضه ملزم
+
+68
+00:04:37,320 --> 00:04:41,360
+في العادة بيكون 5% أو 10% أو 20% من قيمة الشيء
+
+69
+00:04:41,360 --> 00:04:45,320
+المعروض للبيع هذا المزاد الاش اللي هو الصامت بنحط
+
+70
+00:04:45,320 --> 00:04:49,760
+في ظرف تمام أو شيك مقبول يدفع ممكن أو شيك مصرفي
+
+71
+00:04:49,760 --> 00:04:54,190
+بنحط بنحطه مع ال إيه إيش؟ مع الورقة الورقة اللي
+
+72
+00:04:54,190 --> 00:04:57,390
+موجود فيه أو الدفتر اللي موجود فيه بيسجل فيه كل
+
+73
+00:04:57,390 --> 00:05:00,950
+السلع اللي موجودة للبيع بيسجل هو السعر تبعه اللي 
+
+74
+00:05:00,950 --> 00:05:05,330
+هو ناوي يشتري فيه وبيحط الظرف يعني فيه اللي هو عرض 
+
+75
+00:05:05,330 --> 00:05:08,110
+الأسعار تبعته وبيحط الفلوس مع بعض في ظرف وبيسكرّه
+
+76
+00:05:08,110 --> 00:05:12,950
+وبيقدمه للجنة في الحالتين فيه لجان سواء المزاد
+
+77
+00:05:12,950 --> 00:05:15,840
+العلني أو المزاد الصامت هلقيت اللجنة اللي بتكون 
+
+78
+00:05:15,840 --> 00:05:19,840
+موجودة بيفتحوا ظرف بوجود حضور كل الناس اللي قدمت
+
+79
+00:05:19,840 --> 00:05:22,820
+أظرف عشان برضه النوع المصداقية والحيادية
+
+80
+00:05:22,820 --> 00:05:25,900
+والموضوعية والأمور الاعتبارية كلها دي موجودة كعمل
+
+81
+00:05:25,900 --> 00:05:30,080
+مؤسساتي يفتح ظرف بوجود لجنة في العادة بتكون خمسة
+
+82
+00:05:30,080 --> 00:05:33,820
+وحينها ��بعة الحد الأدنى ما يقلش عن ثلاثة في العادة
+
+83
+00:05:34,040 --> 00:05:36,960
+وبيكون عددها فردي في اللجان وبيكون رئيس اللجنة 
+
+84
+00:05:36,960 --> 00:05:39,580
+وبيكون مسئول من المالية مسئول من الشغل القانونية
+
+85
+00:05:39,580 --> 00:05:43,080
+مسؤول من الخزينة ليش الخزينة؟ هيسلم المصاري طب شغل 
+
+86
+00:05:43,080 --> 00:05:46,040
+القانونية؟ لأن هو اللي بده يعني يطلع هذا الأمر 
+
+87
+00:05:46,040 --> 00:05:48,920
+مسبقاً لأن هو اللي بيعمل عقود بعدها طب المالية؟ لأن
+
+88
+00:05:48,920 --> 00:05:51,600
+المالية هي اللي بتدير الأمر ممكن شغل الإدارية؟ إذا 
+
+89
+00:05:51,600 --> 00:05:53,980
+كانوا منفصلين برضه شغل الإدارية؟ لأن هذا أمر إداري 
+
+90
+00:05:53,980 --> 00:05:57,080
+بخاصة ال.. ممكن الجهة المعنية يعني إذا أنا ببيع 
+
+91
+00:05:57,080 --> 00:06:00,280
+مركبات فبيكون اللجنة.. أحد من مسئول المركبات
+
+92
+00:06:00,280 --> 00:06:05,600
+بيكون موجود من دوب عن رئيس المؤسسة بيكون موجود يعني
+
+93
+00:06:05,600 --> 00:06:09,320
+اللجنة بيحطوا لها رئيس ال.. ال.. بنسمي ال
+
+94
+00:06:09,320 --> 00:06:12,160
+procurement officer أو logistics officer اللي هو 
+
+95
+00:06:12,160 --> 00:06:16,220
+مسؤول المشتريات أو مسؤول اللوجستيات في المؤسسة
+
+96
+00:06:16,220 --> 00:06:19,580
+بيكون برضه موجود يعني اللجنة محدد الأدنى ثلاثة تكون
+
+97
+00:06:19,580 --> 00:06:22,520
+خمسة أو تكون سبعة برضه في المزاد العالمي نفس
+
+98
+00:06:22,520 --> 00:06:27,000
+الحاجة بس الفرق ما بينهم أنه الأسماء المنتجات اللي 
+
+99
+00:06:27,000 --> 00:06:30,360
+موجودة والأسعار تعرض علناً أمام الجميع وبياخدوا
+
+100
+00:06:30,360 --> 00:06:33,640
+أعلى الأسعار الصامت كل واحد بيحط سعر وخلاص ما فيش
+
+101
+00:06:33,640 --> 00:06:38,120
+مجال للإيش؟ للكلام تعرض هذه الأسعار في دفاتر مسكرة 
+
+102
+00:06:38,120 --> 00:06:41,800
+أو في أوراق مسكرة لما تفتح قدام الموجودين في 
+
+103
+00:06:41,800 --> 00:06:45,440
+اللجنة بيصير علناً يقول والله فلان التأمين مصبوط
+
+104
+00:06:46,030 --> 00:06:50,630
+وبعدين الأصناف اللي هو زود عليها المنتج هذا 
+
+105
+00:06:50,630 --> 00:06:54,530
+بهالقد والسيارة هذا بكذا والأثاث هذا بكذا أو 
+
+106
+00:06:54,530 --> 00:06:57,810
+القطعة هذا بكذا فبيصيروا بيسجلوها في كشف كبير
+
+107
+00:06:57,810 --> 00:07:01,770
+اللجنة عشان يدرسوا من ناحية القانونية أول شيء هو
+
+108
+00:07:01,770 --> 00:07:06,030
+يعني مستوفي الشرط اللي هو التأمين بعدين بيجوا
+
+109
+00:07:06,030 --> 00:07:09,030
+بيشوفوا المنتجات اللي موجودة والأسعار اللي زود 
+
+110
+00:07:09,030 --> 00:07:12,200
+عليها وبيحطوه مقارنة بين الناس اللي موجودين وهذا من 
+
+111
+00:07:12,200 --> 00:07:14,980
+خلالهم بيقدروا يحكموا مين أفضل الأسعار بيقولوا له 
+
+112
+00:07:14,980 --> 00:07:18,000
+راسينا عليك المزاد طبعاً بعد يوم أو يومين بنفتح 
+
+113
+00:07:18,000 --> 00:07:21,960
+المضاريف ويقولوا له تفضل احنا وافقنا عليه في 
+
+114
+00:07:21,960 --> 00:07:25,060
+العادة بيحجزوا التأمين للشخص الأول والثاني في 
+
+115
+00:07:25,060 --> 00:07:27,840
+المزاد العلني أو المزاد الصامت طب ليش الشخص الأول
+
+116
+00:07:27,840 --> 00:07:31,780
+والثاني؟ لأنه ممكن أولاً يبطل لجأ حاله أنه ورد حاله
+
+117
+00:07:31,780 --> 00:07:35,600
+بالسرعة عالية جداً يعني مثلاً سيارة معروضة للبيع مزاد 
+
+118
+00:07:35,600 --> 00:07:39,260
+صامت أو علني خلنا ناخد الصامت كل الناس أغلبهم 
+
+119
+00:07:39,260 --> 00:07:44,550
+دفعوا في حدود 4000$ هو هذا دفع حط 7000، لأ و.. يعني
+
+120
+00:07:44,550 --> 00:07:47,510
+هذا رقم واحد، لأ لأنه فارق.. السعر اللي حطه عالي
+
+121
+00:07:47,510 --> 00:07:52,150
+جداً، 7000، واللي وراه على طول 4.5، وكل التجار في
+
+122
+00:07:52,150 --> 00:07:55,530
+حدود الأربعة، يعني هو أعطى رقم مبالغ فيه، طبعاً
+
+123
+00:07:55,530 --> 00:07:58,090
+أنا كمؤسسة أقول له تفضل خده بـ 7، واحنا مبسوطين
+
+124
+00:07:58,640 --> 00:08:01,240
+هيقول لك اللي أنا بطلته، أنت بطلت التأمين اللي دفعة 
+
+125
+00:08:01,240 --> 00:08:04,780
+فاحنا بناخد منه كغرامة جزء كبير من التأمين أو جزء
+
+126
+00:08:04,780 --> 00:08:07,660
+من التأمين من خسارة كمؤسسة وبنقول له تفضل هي بايت
+
+127
+00:08:07,660 --> 00:08:11,640
+تأمينك بس بنحجز الثاني لإنه إذا ولا نبطل بناخد 
+
+128
+00:08:11,640 --> 00:08:15,500
+الثاني وبكون العملية بتتم وإذا صارت ثاني صارت 
+
+129
+00:08:15,500 --> 00:08:18,740
+إشكالية برضه نفس الحاجة بيتم ممكن يعاد التأمين 
+
+130
+00:08:18,740 --> 00:08:21,740
+يعاد العملية مرة ثانية المؤسسات لها حق إن تعيد 
+
+131
+00:08:21,740 --> 00:08:24,940
+المزاد العلني أو المزاد الصامت إذا ما توقفتش 
+
+132
+00:08:24,940 --> 00:08:30,010
+الأسعار مع التقييم أو التقدير اللي موجود لللجنة 
+
+133
+00:08:30,010 --> 00:08:35,170
+اللي خاصة بتقييم اللي هو هذه المنتجات للبيع يعني 
+
+134
+00:08:35,170 --> 00:08:38,150
+قبل ما نيجي نعمل الإعلان على الخاص بمنظمة العالمية
+
+135
+00:08:38,150 --> 00:08:41,810
+أو الصمّ نقول لهم تعالوا هذه السلع اللجنة التخمين أو 
+
+136
+00:08:41,810 --> 00:08:44,430
+التقييم اللي عندي قداش بتقيم هذه السلع بتقول لك في
+
+137
+00:08:44,430 --> 00:08:47,870
+حدود السيارة في حدود 5000 تزيد شوية تنقص شوية لو
+
+138
+00:08:47,870 --> 00:08:50,970
+جابت خمسة أربعة ونص بيعوها، خمسة خمسة ونص 
+
+139
+00:08:50,970 --> 00:08:54,990
+بيعوها، لازم خمسة جابت ألفين واتبعوها، وقف ال..
+
+140
+00:08:54,990 --> 00:08:57,830
+ال.. ال.. هذا البيع، لو جابت خمسة جابت سبعة 
+
+141
+00:08:57,830 --> 00:09:01,490
+تمانية، في العادة المشتري هو اللي بيحس أنه بلغ
+
+142
+00:09:01,490 --> 00:09:04,770
+شوية في السعة وهو ممكن أحيانا يبطل المزادات دي
+
+143
+00:09:04,770 --> 00:09:08,010
+كتير مهمة، واحنا ننصح اللي بيشتغل في مجال العمل
+
+144
+00:09:08,010 --> 00:09:10,950
+الخيري أو مجال المؤسسات غير الحكومية أو مؤسسات ال
+
+145
+00:09:10,950 --> 00:09:14,050
+NGOs أنها لازم تفهم في موضوع المزادات وتمارس هذا
+
+146
+00:09:14,050 --> 00:09:17,790
+العمل، واللي جاني لموجودة تعطي خبرات للناس أنها
+
+147
+00:09:17,790 --> 00:09:21,930
+تعرف أنه هذه المزادات اليوم مطلوبة وله القليلات
+
+148
+00:09:21,930 --> 00:09:25,730
+المعينة، ونعمل إن شاء الله يتعلموها، ناخد فكرة
+
+149
+00:09:25,730 --> 00:09:29,070
+برضه سريعة الموجودة في الكتاب، المزاد الخيري طريقة
+
+150
+00:09:29,070 --> 00:09:34,130
+13، فيه مزاد علني ومزاد صامت، الأمثلة العلنية زي
+
+151
+00:09:34,130 --> 00:09:38,170
+مواد عينية كبيرة زي سيارات أو أجهزة أو أثاث أو
+
+152
+00:09:38,170 --> 00:09:42,530
+كومبيوترات، أو أحيانًا قطعة أرض أو شقة أو عقار
+
+153
+00:09:42,530 --> 00:09:46,510
+معينة أو بعض المقتنيات الثمينة، لوحات فنية أو بعض
+
+154
+00:09:46,510 --> 00:09:49,770
+المجوهرات أو إيش ما كان، فالأمثلة العلنية بترتب
+
+155
+00:09:49,770 --> 00:09:53,050
+مسبقًا قبل المنظمة، قبل... يعني قبل المنظمة، قبل
+
+156
+00:09:53,050 --> 00:09:56,870
+الإعلان عنه، وخلاله بيتم فيه آليات معينة، وبعده بيتم 
+
+157
+00:09:56,870 --> 00:10:00,950
+فيه ضوابط، ضوابط عملية معينة، وفيه ضوابط شرعية لهذا
+
+158
+00:10:00,950 --> 00:10:07,600
+الأمر، المنظمة لا تبيح لنفسها أن تتعدى على أمور خاصة
+
+159
+00:10:07,600 --> 00:10:10,620
+بأمور 
+
+160
+00:10:10,620 --> 00:10:13,740
+خيرية أو موجهة لوجه الله تعالى، فبالتالي المزاد
+
+161
+00:10:13,740 --> 00:10:17,160
+العلني بيحطوا القواعد التابعة له، أن تحفظ حقوق الناس
+
+162
+00:10:17,160 --> 00:10:21,400
+وتحفظ حقوق هذا المنتج اللي هي بتبيعه، برضه الهدف
+
+163
+00:10:21,400 --> 00:10:23,560
+أنه أعمال خيرية لوجه الله تعالى، عشان ��ده الناس حتى
+
+164
+00:10:23,560 --> 00:10:27,280
+لما بتيجي تقبل أن تشتريه بكون هي مسامحة، فهي عندها
+
+165
+00:10:27,280 --> 00:10:30,460
+تساهل، تسامح أنه إذا الشغل بتسوى ألفين، دفع فيه
+
+166
+00:10:30,460 --> 00:10:32,500
+ألفين وميتين، ألفين وأربعمائة، مش خسارة،
+
+167
+00:10:32,500 --> 00:10:35,020
+ثلاثمائة أو أربعمائة بعتبر من وجه الله تعالى،
+
+168
+00:10:35,020 --> 00:10:38,600
+وبالتالي هنا المؤسسة لازم يعني لا تبيح لنفسها إنها
+
+169
+00:10:38,600 --> 00:10:43,120
+تأخذ حقوق من... من الناس التانيين، هي مش حق لإلها، أو 
+
+170
+00:10:43,120 --> 00:10:46,560
+تتساهل في بعض الأمور مع الناس، بيكون كويس، التساهل
+
+171
+00:10:46,560 --> 00:10:49,420
+من طرفين بيكون أمر مناسب في المؤسسات الخيرية
+
+172
+00:10:50,020 --> 00:10:55,920
+بالنسبة للمزاد الصامت، المزاد الصامت احنا بنطلب من
+
+173
+00:10:55,920 --> 00:10:58,840
+الأشخاص إنهم كل واحد فيهم اللي بده يشتري سلعة
+
+174
+00:10:58,840 --> 00:11:02,060
+معينة أن يكتب اسمه وبياناته والمبلغ اللي بيعرض فيه
+
+175
+00:11:02,060 --> 00:11:06,630
+على السلعة وعلى أوراق مغلقة، وظرف مغلق، وبيتقدم في
+
+176
+00:11:06,630 --> 00:11:09,850
+المزاد، والمزاد هدفه ينهي المزاد بتقديم هذه السلعة
+
+177
+00:11:09,850 --> 00:11:14,350
+للشخص اللي يقدم أعلى سعر، وزي ما حكيت بالتفصيل في
+
+178
+00:11:14,350 --> 00:11:17,930
+القواعد بين اللجان وما بين التأمين، هذه كلها ملزمة
+
+179
+00:11:17,930 --> 00:11:20,650
+للطرفين، سواء مزاد صامت أو مزاد علني، التأمين أمر
+
+180
+00:11:20,650 --> 00:11:23,810
+مهم، واللي ما يملك التأمين ليس داخل المزاد، طب أنا
+
+181
+00:11:23,810 --> 00:11:26,410
+إيش أسوي إذا أنا بدي أشتري سلعة من هذه المؤسسات؟
+
+182
+00:11:26,410 --> 00:11:31,090
+ممكن الناس بيقترضوا من بعض وبيقدموا التأمين المطلوب
+
+183
+00:11:31,090 --> 00:11:34,130
+عشان يقدر يدخل المزاد، لإنه شايف ممكن يكون فيه
+
+184
+00:11:34,130 --> 00:11:43,450
+تجربة مناسبة إله في أداء عمل معين، موضوع
+
+185
+00:11:43,450 --> 00:11:50,170
+المزادات والمناقصات هي من أسباب العمل التجاري و
+
+186
+00:11:50,170 --> 00:11:56,750
+العمل اللي فيه أرباح عالية، سواء للمؤسسة البائعة و
+
+187
+00:11:56,750 --> 00:11:59,750
+المؤسسة المشترية أو الأشخاص البائعين والأشخاص
+
+188
+00:11:59,750 --> 00:12:08,310
+الشارين، يعني أذكر من أحد قصص رجال أعمال كان من أسباب
+
+189
+00:12:08,310 --> 00:12:12,710
+نجاحه وبدأت شهرته وبدأت يعني توسعة رزق الله رب
+
+190
+00:12:12,710 --> 00:12:17,820
+العالمين عليه سبحان الله، كان الشيخ الحيدان السعودي
+
+191
+00:12:17,820 --> 00:12:20,340
+اللي احنا حاليا في المبنى الخاص فيه، عبدالله 
+
+192
+00:12:20,340 --> 00:12:23,500
+الحيدان اللي موجود فيه هنا في الجامعة الإسلامية
+
+193
+00:12:23,500 --> 00:12:30,200
+كان من قصص... قصص بدايته حكى أنه كان فيه مناقصة
+
+194
+00:12:30,200 --> 00:12:33,260
+أعلنتها وزارة النقل والمواصلات السعودية محتاجين
+
+195
+00:12:33,260 --> 00:12:38,280
+مجموعة من سيارات النقل، لنقل الأفراد أو الموظفين،
+
+196
+00:12:38,280 --> 00:12:43,260
+حافلات أدقر أو سيارات نصف نقل برضه مطلوبة لنقل
+
+197
+00:12:43,260 --> 00:12:48,180
+بضائع، وهذه المناقصة كانت مطلوبة على مستوى المملكة
+
+198
+00:12:48,180 --> 00:12:53,160
+العربية السعودية، فهو كان في بداية عمله التجاري و
+
+199
+00:12:53,160 --> 00:13:00,280
+يعني لجأ لأسته، لجأ للأصدقاء وجمع مجموعة من الأموال
+
+200
+00:13:00,280 --> 00:13:04,640
+و بعض الناس اللي ممكن يشاركوه، المهم دخل التأمين في
+
+201
+00:13:04,640 --> 00:13:10,920
+هذه المناقصة، وهو تفاجأ أنه حصل على المناقصة لتقديم
+
+202
+00:13:10,920 --> 00:13:16,420
+حافلات، يعني يشتري حافلات وهو يأجر خدمة النقل
+
+203
+00:13:16,420 --> 00:13:21,440
+للموظفين الموجودين في وسائل النقل المواصلة، فهو
+
+204
+00:13:21,440 --> 00:13:25,370
+تفاجأ أنه أخذ هذه المناقصة، وبالتالي صار عليه ضغط أنه
+
+205
+00:13:25,370 --> 00:13:28,870
+لازم يوفر هذه الحافلات، وعمل عقود مع المؤسسات أن
+
+206
+00:13:28,870 --> 00:13:33,970
+توفروا الحافلات بضمانة معينة تجارية، واستطاع أنه يقوم
+
+207
+00:13:33,970 --> 00:13:38,210
+بالخدمة المطلوبة اللي هي أوكلت له من خلال المناقصة،
+
+208
+00:13:38,210 --> 00:13:41,970
+وهذه سبب بداية الطفرة المالية اللي موجودة اللي
+
+209
+00:13:41,970 --> 00:13:49,020
+بعدها استمرت لفترات ثانية، عفواً، يمكن هذه القصة مش...
+
+210
+00:13:49,020 --> 00:13:53,540
+هذه القصة، فيه برضه أخونا الراجحي، برضه الراجحي كانت
+
+211
+00:13:53,540 --> 00:13:57,340
+قصة برضه مشابهة، أو الأسماء يمكن اختلطت عليهم بين
+
+212
+00:13:57,340 --> 00:14:00,320
+الحيدان، الشيخ الحيدان والشيخ الراجحي، هي الشيخ
+
+213
+00:14:00,320 --> 00:14:02,720
+الراجحي في السعودية، أول ما بدأ هذا الأمر بالإضافة
+
+214
+00:14:02,720 --> 00:14:06,540
+اللي عملوا في مجال الصرافة، قصص المناقصات لا تنتهي
+
+215
+00:14:06,540 --> 00:14:10,840
+والجميع من أصحاب الشركات أو رجال الأعمال دخلوا في
+
+216
+00:14:10,840 --> 00:14:14,460
+قصص خاصة بالمناقصات، احنا هنا في قطاع غزة بندخل
+
+217
+00:14:14,460 --> 00:14:18,100
+مناقصات كأكاديميين، ندخل مناقصات في عمل الاستشاري
+
+218
+00:14:18,100 --> 00:14:22,260
+أو عمل التدريب مع مؤسسات، والمناقصات احنا بنقدم
+
+219
+00:14:22,260 --> 00:14:26,100
+عروض أسعارنا وبنقدم تأمين، أحيانًا بيطلبوا مننا، و
+
+220
+00:14:26,100 --> 00:14:29,860
+بنقدم ال... ال... ال... يعني الproposal، ال
+
+221
+00:14:29,860 --> 00:14:31,960
+technical proposal والfinancial proposal، العرض
+
+222
+00:14:31,960 --> 00:14:36,640
+الفني والعرض المالي لخدمات احنا بنقدمها، والمناقصات
+
+223
+00:14:36,640 --> 00:14:42,540
+اليوم مطلوبة بشكل كبير في العمل مع المؤسسات غير
+
+224
+00:14:42,540 --> 00:14:46,640
+الحكومية، فعشان ذلك احنا برضه بننصح الجميع المتعلمين
+
+225
+00:14:46,640 --> 00:14:50,400
+في هذا المجال أنه يدخل في مجال المناقصات ويدخل في
+
+226
+00:14:50,400 --> 00:14:54,380
+مجال التجربة، المناقصات والعروض الفنية والمالية ويحضر
+
+227
+00:14:54,380 --> 00:14:58,220
+الاجتماعات ويشوف إيش اللي بيصير، لإن الموضوع المزاد
+
+228
+00:14:58,220 --> 00:15:02,560
+الصامت هو مناقصات احنا بنقدمها عشان ناخد هذه السلع
+
+229
+00:15:02,560 --> 00:15:05,920
+أو الخدمات بأسعار معينة ومناسبة، وبيصير في حين برضه
+
+230
+00:15:05,920 --> 00:15:09,200
+كمان تفاوض، يعني بعد ما بيتم الترسية حين بيصير تتم
+
+231
+00:15:09,200 --> 00:15:12,980
+التفاوض على بعض الأسعار أو الشروط في الدفع ما بين
+
+232
+00:15:12,980 --> 00:15:16,980
+الأطراف، المهم إنه الموضوع يتم بالخير ب... بمنهجية
+
+233
+00:15:16,980 --> 00:15:21,160
+وبعمل مؤسسات كاملة، الناس كلكم اهتمامكم وحسن إنصاتكم
+
+234
+00:15:21,160 --> 00:15:22,620
+والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

PL9fwy3NUQKwbqRqP24yHh6436xDshIebX/THHo-NjjMNQ.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,751 @@
+1
+00:00:05,330 --> 00:00:09,350
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والحمد لله رب العالمين إحنا
+
+2
+00:00:09,350 --> 00:00:13,550
+عندنا موضوع طرق جمع التبرعات هذه محاضرة تعريفية
+
+3
+00:00:13,550 --> 00:00:19,350
+على ثلاثين طريقة مختلفة طبقت واقعيا لجمع 
+
+4
+00:00:19,350 --> 00:00:23,410
+التبرعات في المؤسسات الدولية والعربية التي تعمل
+
+5
+00:00:23,410 --> 00:00:27,850
+في مجال العمل الخيري سواء ثقافية أو اجتماعية أو
+
+6
+00:00:27,850 --> 00:00:32,390
+إنسانية أو إيراثية أو طبية أو حتى في المجال
+
+7
+00:00:32,390 --> 00:00:36,270
+التعليمي أو أي مجال من المجالات ممكن نضيف عليها
+
+8
+00:00:36,270 --> 00:00:39,110
+مؤسسات التي تقوم على النظام العضوي مثل النقابات
+
+9
+00:00:39,110 --> 00:00:43,810
+المهنية، نقابات المهندسين والأطباء والصيادلة ومجال
+
+10
+00:00:43,810 --> 00:00:47,090
+الحرفية المختلفة، النقابات العمالية أيضًا ممكن
+
+11
+00:00:47,090 --> 00:00:51,110
+نضيف عليها مؤسسات المجتمع المدني، مؤسسات غير 
+
+12
+00:00:51,110 --> 00:00:56,410
+حكومية بأشكالها المختلفة وطبقًا لاهتماماتها
+
+13
+00:00:56,410 --> 00:01:01,760
+المختلفة وعلاقتها بالمؤسسات الحكومية هذه الطرق
+
+14
+00:01:01,760 --> 00:01:06,980
+الثلاثين طبقت واقعيا وسنريد أن نُفرغ بعض المحاضرات 
+
+15
+00:01:06,980 --> 00:01:10,780
+التي نتكلم عليها هذه الطرق بنوع من النظرة الواقعية
+
+16
+00:01:10,780 --> 00:01:15,300
+الفاعلة لكي نستفيد من هذه الطرق في مجال عملنا
+
+17
+00:01:15,300 --> 00:01:20,100
+كمؤسسات غير حكومية نهدف إلى جمع التبرعات كوسيلة
+
+18
+00:01:20,100 --> 00:01:24,240
+للوصول إلى تحقيق نتائج من أنشطة وفعاليات لخدمة
+
+19
+00:01:24,240 --> 00:01:28,300
+المجتمع سنعرض فقط في هذه المحاضرة أهم النقاط 
+
+20
+00:01:28,300 --> 00:01:32,020
+الثلاثين التي سنتكلم عنها بالتفصيل في محاضرات إن 
+
+21
+00:01:32,020 --> 00:01:35,060
+شاء الله تالية فنبدأ بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم طريقة
+
+22
+00:01:35,060 --> 00:01:38,600
+جمع التبرعات الطريقة الأولى هناك من خلال المساجد و
+
+23
+00:01:38,600 --> 00:01:42,420
+المراكز الإسلامية المنتشرة في الإقليم أو في
+
+24
+00:01:42,420 --> 00:01:45,940
+المدينة أو في القرية أو في الدولة سواء عربية أو أي
+
+25
+00:01:45,940 --> 00:01:49,850
+دولة موجودة إليها طبعًا في أمور مرتبطة فيها ارتباط
+
+26
+00:01:49,850 --> 00:01:55,050
+ثاني مثل الصلاة ومثل الصناديق ومثل الملصقات و
+
+27
+00:01:55,050 --> 00:01:58,190
+البوسترات والمعارض في المناسبات الطريقة الثانية
+
+28
+00:01:58,190 --> 00:02:02,430
+جمع تبرعات من خلال المدارس طلبة المدارس والجامعات
+
+29
+00:02:02,430 --> 00:02:07,550
+لهم أيضًا أيدي حسنة وأيدي كريمة من خلال ذويهم أو
+
+30
+00:02:07,550 --> 00:02:11,760
+... أو بأنفسهم الطريقة الثالثة هي من خلال الدعاية
+
+31
+00:02:11,760 --> 00:02:16,900
+والإعلان المباشرة دي مشاركة أو للإعلان للمؤسسة
+
+32
+00:02:16,900 --> 00:02:21,340
+ومجالات قدرة على التبرع أو أجمع هذه التبرعات لخدمة
+
+33
+00:02:21,340 --> 00:02:24,960
+يعني فئة معينة من الناس الطريقة الرابعة أن 
+
+34
+00:02:24,960 --> 00:02:30,160
+التبرعات العقارية التبرع العقاري هو في صورة مال
+
+35
+00:02:30,160 --> 00:02:38,120
+ثمين في صورة عقار يُترك لريعه والعقار يُدار من قبل
+
+36
+00:02:38,120 --> 00:02:42,840
+المؤسسات ويُترك أيضًا للاستفادة منه كعمل خيري لمن 
+
+37
+00:02:42,840 --> 00:02:49,880
+يتبرع بالعقار أيضًا تبرعات عينية نجمعها تُباع من خلال
+
+38
+00:02:49,880 --> 00:02:55,080
+مثلًا ... يعني نجمعها ويتم عملية توزيعها أفضل يتم 
+
+39
+00:02:55,080 --> 00:03:01,200
+جمعها كالكتب أو الملابس أو الهدايا أو الأثاث أو أي
+
+40
+00:03:01,200 --> 00:03:04,840
+شيء قابل لجمعه كمواد عينية وبالتالي يتم إعادة
+
+41
+00:03:04,840 --> 00:03:08,790
+توزيعه مرة أ��رى هناك طريقة سادسة المعارض والمعارض
+
+42
+00:03:08,790 --> 00:03:12,930
+الخيرية متنقلة يعني نفس المعارض يتنقل من إقليم
+
+43
+00:03:12,930 --> 00:03:17,150
+يُقيم من مكان لمكان أو معارض ثابتة دائمة هذه المعارض
+
+44
+00:03:17,150 --> 00:03:21,850
+تلتقي فيه الشركات أو عفوا المؤسسات غير الحكومية
+
+45
+00:03:21,850 --> 00:03:27,130
+لعرض منتجاتها وبالتالي ريع هذا البيع سيتم لمعالجة
+
+46
+00:03:27,130 --> 00:03:33,150
+ومتابعه الناس أو ذوي الاحتياجات الخاصة الطريقة
+
+47
+00:03:33,150 --> 00:03:36,370
+السابعة هناك الاستقطاع الشهري والاستقطاع الشهري 
+
+48
+00:03:36,370 --> 00:03:43,430
+اليوم من المرتبات يدفع لفئات معينة يُعزز دور هؤلاء 
+
+49
+00:03:43,430 --> 00:03:50,130
+الأفراد في خدمتهم للمجتمع وأيضًا يُعزز قيمة هذه 
+
+50
+00:03:50,130 --> 00:03:56,150
+المؤسسات لخدمة المجتمع ويُعزز من طرق استفادة فئات
+
+51
+00:03:56,150 --> 00:04:03,880
+ذات الاحتياج من هذا العمل داخل المجتمع الطريقة 
+
+52
+00:04:03,880 --> 00:04:07,800
+الثامنة هي نظام الحصالات والحصالات أماكنها مختلفة
+
+53
+00:04:07,800 --> 00:04:11,940
+تُوضع في المحلات المختلفة والمعارض المختلفة لجمع
+
+54
+00:04:11,940 --> 00:04:17,460
+أموال وتبرعات التي تُقدم بكل طواعية وبكل راحة
+
+55
+00:04:17,460 --> 00:04:22,480
+للمؤسسات الخيرية لكي تمارس أنشطتها الفاعلة في
+
+56
+00:04:22,480 --> 00:04:26,700
+المجتمع هناك الاتصال الهاتفي يقوم بعض المؤسسات الغي
+
+57
+00:04:26,700 --> 00:04:31,260
+ر الحكومية بتخصيص زي Central معين أو بعض الموظفين
+
+58
+00:04:31,260 --> 00:04:36,040
+تُفردهم تُفرزهم وتقدم لهم هاتف للتواصل مع الناس
+
+59
+00:04:36,040 --> 00:04:39,700
+ليبلغهم بمجالات عملهم وطلب التبرع منهم هناك التبرع
+
+60
+00:04:39,700 --> 00:04:43,710
+من خلال شركات الهاتف بعض الخدمات تُقدمها شركات
+
+61
+00:04:43,710 --> 00:04:48,850
+الهاتف تكون بقابل خاصة مبالغ رمزية من فواتير 
+
+62
+00:04:48,850 --> 00:04:53,210
+أصحاب الهواتف وبالتالي هذه الخدمات يحصل عليها
+
+63
+00:04:53,210 --> 00:04:57,870
+المشتركين بالهواتف وهي تُقدم ريعها بكل بساطة إلى
+
+64
+00:04:57,870 --> 00:05:01,550
+المؤسسات الخيرية الطريقة العاشرة هناك تبرعات
+
+65
+00:05:01,550 --> 00:05:09,330
+ثمينة من نياشين من أجهزة ومعدات من بعض الأمور التي
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+66
+00:05:09,330 --> 00:05:17,050
+لها طابع قيمة معينة وهذه القيم المعينة تُستخدم يعني 
+
+67
+00:05:17,050 --> 00:05:23,410
+لها في حياة وبعد وبعد وفاة أصحابها ليه خدمة الناس 
+
+68
+00:05:23,410 --> 00:05:30,390
+وعمل صدق جاي لهم هناك الخدمات الفنية والخدمات 
+
+69
+00:05:30,390 --> 00:05:35,890
+الفنية تُقدم طوعية للناس والحصول على أجر يعني بعض 
+
+70
+00:05:35,890 --> 00:05:39,910
+المؤسسات غير الحكومية ممكن تقدم خدمات التصميم أو
+
+71
+00:05:39,910 --> 00:05:43,970
+الدعاية أو العلاقات العامة أو التواصل الهاتفي أو
+
+72
+00:05:43,970 --> 00:05:49,390
+الخدمات البريدية مقابل تبرعات معينة تُقدم ريعها أو
+
+73
+00:05:49,390 --> 00:05:53,260
+مبلغها لخدمة المجتمع هناك المزادات الخيرية والمزاد
+
+74
+00:05:53,260 --> 00:05:57,220
+العلني أو المزاد الصامت تُعرض قطع فنية مثل اللوحات
+
+75
+00:05:57,220 --> 00:06:01,760
+الفنية على سبيل المثال أو بعض القطع الهدايا أو
+
+76
+00:06:01,760 --> 00:06:05,880
+القطع هدايا القيمة العالية ويتم بيعها في المزاد
+
+77
+00:06:05,880 --> 00:06:10,440
+العلني أو المزاد الصامت والهدف أنه ... أنه مايحدث 
+
+78
+00:06:10,440 --> 00:06:14,920
+في المزاد الخيري هذا هو الذي يُخدم قطع معين أو
+
+79
+00:06:14,920 --> 00:06:17,940
+مؤسسات خيرية معينة تُتقي بقاشي هناك دعاية مقابل
+
+80
+00:06:17,940 --> 00:06:24,840
+الدعاية يعني ممكن مؤسسات إعلانية تُقدم دعم من خلال 
+
+81
+00:06:24,840 --> 00:06:28,320
+الهاتف من خلال الـ Agadio من خلال التلفزيون من
+
+82
+00:06:28,320 --> 00:06:34,430
+خلال الصحف تُقدم هذا الدعم لجمعيات مجانًا بدون مقابل
+
+83
+00:06:34,430 --> 00:06:41,770
+فيه مقابل هو نوع من أنواع أيضًا تبادل المنفعة وذكر 
+
+84
+00:06:41,770 --> 00:06:46,830
+اسم المتبرع من القطاع الخاص فيه عادة أمام 
+
+85
+00:06:46,830 --> 00:06:50,750
+المتبرعين وأمام فئات في المجتمع فهذا أيضًا يحسن من 
+
+86
+00:06:51,040 --> 00:06:55,220
+صورة فعالية هذه المؤسسات القطاع الخاص بالقطاع 
+
+87
+00:06:55,220 --> 00:06:59,460
+الخاص هناك الاستقطاع من المبيعات بعض المؤسسات تجعل 
+
+88
+00:06:59,460 --> 00:07:05,500
+هناك نسبة 3%، 5%، 10% من مبيعاتها تخصص لأعمال 
+
+89
+00:07:05,500 --> 00:07:09,780
+الخيرية يعني أسيب المثال في أن شركة اسمها 
+
+90
+00:07:09,780 --> 00:07:13,520
+Macracola فترة من فترة كانت موجودة ونادت بأن نسبة
+
+91
+00:07:13,520 --> 00:07:17,990
+10% من مبيعاتها ستذهب إلى أطفال فلسطين الطريقة
+
+92
+00:07:17,990 --> 00:07:22,050
+السادسة عشر التبرع من أسهم الشركات وأرباحها بعض
+
+93
+00:07:22,050 --> 00:07:26,850
+المتبرعين يكون يحتاج يعني يمتلك في حصيلته محفظة من 
+
+94
+00:07:26,850 --> 00:07:30,470
+الأوراق المالية في صورة أسهم بعض الشركات فيتبرع 
+
+95
+00:07:30,470 --> 00:07:35,130
+بهذه الأسهم من الشركات أو أرباح هذه الشركات يتبرع
+
+96
+00:07:35,130 --> 00:07:39,970
+فيها إلى المؤسسات غير الحكومية والهدف إلى تحقيق
+
+97
+00:07:39,970 --> 00:07:43,110
+خدمة لمجتمع الطريقة السابعة عشر اتفاقية التبرع عام 
+
+98
+00:07:43,110 --> 00:07:45,790
+من أعضاء الشركات يعني أعضاء الشركات أو رؤساء مجلس 
+
+99
+00:07:45,790 --> 00:07:51,170
+الإدارة قد يبلغوا الجانب المختصة يعني التي عندها
+
+100
+00:07:51,170 --> 00:07:57,270
+المؤسسة التي هي تقوم بعملية الدعم تبلغهم أنه في أن 
+
+101
+00:07:57,270 --> 00:08:01,310
+توافقهم الأعضاء أنه يديكم نسبة معينة مثلا خلال
+
+102
+00:08:01,310 --> 00:08:05,940
+هذا الشهر فقط يعني في هناك وصية الموت طبعًا الموت هو
+
+103
+00:08:05,940 --> 00:08:12,020
+انتقال العبد إلى ربه وانقطاع عمله في الدنيا إلا من
+
+104
+00:08:12,020 --> 00:08:16,880
+ثلاث صدقة جارية وعلم ينتفع به هو ولد صالح
+
+105
+00:08:16,880 --> 00:08:22,480
+يدعو له فصدقة الجارية مقدمة وتكون وصية خير للناس
+
+106
+00:08:22,480 --> 00:08:25,920
+بعد موت أصحابها في الدنيا الطريقة التاسعة عشر هناك 
+
+107
+00:08:25,920 --> 00:08:29,470
+الدليل أو Catalogue فيه الأنشطة والفعاليات الخاصة
+
+108
+00:08:29,470 --> 00:08:33,390
+بالمؤسسة وبالتالي تم تبادل هذا الـ Ecotourism لكي
+
+109
+00:08:33,390 --> 00:08:38,630
+يعني نعكس أداء أملنا وتطوره على المجتمع هناك
+
+110
+00:08:38,630 --> 00:08:42,510
+المحال الخيرية، محلات للملابس أو التحف أو الأثاث
+
+111
+00:08:42,750 --> 00:08:46,230
+والذي يبيع المنتجات هنا تختلف الفكرة عن المعارض أو
+
+112
+00:08:46,230 --> 00:08:50,690
+المزادات المعارض هي مؤقتة والمزادات هي أيضًا مؤقتة 
+
+113
+00:08:50,690 --> 00:08:55,150
+لكن المحل الخيري هو محل مستمر بمعنى دائمًا نشاطها
+
+114
+00:08:55,150 --> 00:08:58,230
+مستمر في بيع الملابس أو التحف أو الهدايا أو
+
+115
+00:08:58,230 --> 00:09:02,010
+الأثاث المستعمل أو حتى لو تكلمنا عن الأحذية أو
+
+116
+00:09:02,010 --> 00:09:05,990
+تكلمنا عن أي مجال من المجالات التي تستطيع المؤسسة
+
+117
+00:09:05,990 --> 00:09:10,850
+أن تجمعها وبالتالي تُقدمها بيعًا بأسعار رمزية للناس
+
+118
+00:09:11,070 --> 00:09:15,970
+نادي من المحال الخيرية الرائدة إتاحة 21 الدعم
+
+119
+00:09:15,970 --> 00:09:19,770
+للجهات الرسمية يعني الدعم الحكومي لا يُخفى عنه و
+
+120
+00:09:19,770 --> 00:09:24,850
+خاصة أن الدعم الحكومي يأتي في أوقات متفرقة خلال
+
+121
+00:09:24,850 --> 00:09:28,610
+فترة حياة المؤسسات وبالتالي الدعم الحكومي يمثل
+
+122
+00:09:28,610 --> 00:09:33,570
+دفعة قوية للمؤسسات خاصة في بداية حياتها الطريقة الثانية 
+
+123
+00:09:33,570 --> 00:09:37,430
+هو عشان هناك الحفل السنوي تقوم به المؤسسة ويعني
+
+124
+00:09:37,430 --> 00:09:41,030
+تُطلب مجموعة من الشخصيات العامة لحضور هذا الحفل
+
+125
+00:09:41,030 --> 00:09:45,550
+السنوي وتُطلب في نفس الوقت منهم أن يتكلموا باسم 
+
+126
+00:09:45,550 --> 00:09:51,000
+المؤسسة ويُعرضوا عليهم خدمات ويُعرضوا عليهم يعني
+
+127
+00:09:51,000 --> 00:09:55,460
+الشخص المشهور يُعرض على الجمهور أنه برجاء التبرع
+
+128
+00:09:55,460 --> 00:10:00,660
+لهذه المؤسسة لإنه عملها جيد ونشطة وفاعلة هناك
+
+129
+00:10:00,660 --> 00:10:06,480
+الحملات البريدية قد تكون المؤسسة بعمل قائمة بمجموعة 
+
+130
+00:10:06,480 --> 00:10:10,200
+من القوائم البريدية أو العناوين البريدية التي
+
+131
+00:10:10,200 --> 00:10:15,100
+ستستطيع أن تُبعث فيها رسائل محاسبية أو رسائل وراقية
+
+132
+00:10:15,460 --> 00:10:20,160
+إلى دوائر اختصاص أو أدوية فكرة التبرع موجودة عندهم
+
+133
+00:10:20,160 --> 00:10:22,380
+بالكامل والحملة البريدية أن أنا بدي أُثبت أنا إيش 
+
+134
+00:10:22,380 --> 00:10:24,900
+اشتغلت فيها بالأموال التي انجمعت من خلالهم عشان أقدر
+
+135
+00:10:24,900 --> 00:10:29,220
+مصّداقية ورغبة في أن أكون دائمًا عند حسن ظن
+
+136
+00:10:29,220 --> 00:10:34,280
+المتبرعين هناك طبعًا موضوع طويل شوية حملة البريدية
+
+137
+00:10:34,280 --> 00:10:37,080
+هناك رابع وعشرون فعدد ملف مشروعية
+
+138
+00:10:37,080 --> 00:10:40,640
+أيضًا من هذه الموضوعية الطويلة التي أفرضناله محاضرة 
+
+139
+00:10:40,640 --> 00:10:44,960
+بالكامل نتكلم عن كيف أن أعمل عداء اد مشروع وكيف
+
+140
+00:10:44,960 --> 00:10:49,050
+أن يعني أقسمه إلى أجزاء هدف المشروع وكفاءة 
+
+141
+00:10:49,050 --> 00:10:52,270
+المنظمة وطريقة التنفيذ والخطوات وتقييم المشروع
+
+142
+00:10:52,270 --> 00:10:55,490
+والميزانية التفصيلية هدف سنتكلم عنه في محاضرة
+
+143
+00:10:55,490 --> 00:10:58,850
+بالتفصيل لأن الموضوع مهم جدا وفعال جدا في توظيف
+
+144
+00:10:58,850 --> 00:11:04,870
+مصادر تمويل للجمعيات الغير حكومية الموضوع طريقة 25
+
+145
+00:11:04,870 --> 00:11:09,060
+مقابلة شخصيا مع المتبرع face to face أو وجه لوجه
+
+146
+00:11:09,060 --> 00:11:13,500
+بحاول أفهم المقابلة و أجهزها قبل المبادرة بمقابلة
+
+147
+00:11:13,500 --> 00:11:16,680
+و أثناءها و ما بعدها المهم أني أحاول يعني أمشي
+
+148
+00:11:16,680 --> 00:11:21,300
+لحصول على التعاملات و أقدم طروحات أي أفكار أو أي أمور 
+
+149
+00:11:21,300 --> 00:11:26,880
+يطلب مني هذا الشخص الذي سيتم عمل مقابلة معه
+
+150
+00:11:26,880 --> 00:11:29,260
+الطريقة السادسة و عشرون هي تبرعات من الحكومات
+
+151
+00:11:29,260 --> 00:11:32,850
+الغربية، الحكومة الغربية أحيانا تدعم بعض المؤسسات
+
+152
+00:11:32,850 --> 00:11:36,570
+في قطاع غزة مثل ما حدث مع السلطة الفلسطينية وأنها
+
+153
+00:11:36,570 --> 00:11:43,190
+كانت تقدم جراء لأنشطة مختلفة والحكومات الغربية لما
+
+154
+00:11:43,190 --> 00:11:47,110
+بتتبرع بكلها أهداف و أجندات خاصة فبالتالي نحن مهم 
+
+155
+00:11:47,360 --> 00:11:51,120
+يعني إشراك التبرعات من الحكومات الغربية مع أهدافها
+
+156
+00:11:51,120 --> 00:11:54,240
+تكون تتلاقي مع أهدافنا العامة في البلد الطريقة
+
+157
+00:11:54,240 --> 00:11:56,900
+السابعة والعشرون تبرعات شركات ومؤسسات تجارية أيضا
+
+158
+00:11:56,900 --> 00:12:00,560
+هذا المجال مجاله خصب واسع وخاصة في فترات الأشهر
+
+159
+00:12:00,560 --> 00:12:04,680
+الفضيلة رجب وشعبان وخاصة في رمضان التي أستطيع منها
+
+160
+00:12:04,680 --> 00:12:08,580
+الشركات و المؤسسات التجارية أن تتواصل مع أبناء
+
+161
+00:12:08,580 --> 00:12:12,260
+الشعب من خلال هذه المؤسسات الخيرية الطريقة الثامنة
+
+162
+00:12:12,260 --> 00:12:17,040
+و عشرون وقف الكتب، مجموعة من الكتب وقفها هبة و
+
+163
+00:12:17,040 --> 00:12:21,560
+رعاية لاحتياج الناس إليها وبالتالي وقف الكتب في
+
+164
+00:12:21,560 --> 00:12:26,900
+المعارض أو المواقف .. منافذ بيع الكتب نحن نلعب
+
+165
+00:12:26,900 --> 00:12:31,070
+ضوء مهم في دعمهم مصدر تمويل يعني أذكر أننا في
+
+166
+00:12:31,070 --> 00:12:34,650
+فترة الصيف ذهبنا بتكليف من وزارة الثقافة بكتاب
+
+167
+00:12:34,650 --> 00:12:36,810
+رسمي من وكيل الوزارة أسعارات وكيل الوزارة 
+
+168
+00:12:36,810 --> 00:12:41,770
+الفلسطينية إلى الأخ مديع نشرات لعرب مطلوب منهم
+
+169
+00:12:41,770 --> 00:12:45,730
+مجموع من الكتب لتوفيرها لقطاع غزة هم يعني بلغونا
+
+170
+00:12:45,730 --> 00:12:49,250
+أن يحدث الأمر ويوافونا في أقل فرصة ممكنة الطريقة
+
+171
+00:12:49,250 --> 00:12:52,150
+قبل الأخير التاسعة والعشرون هي معرض اللوحات الفنية
+
+172
+00:12:52,150 --> 00:12:57,170
+التي يحقق ربحا أو يعني ناتج بهذه اللوحات الفنية
+
+173
+00:12:57,170 --> 00:13:01,010
+يُعد مصدر تمويل للمؤسسة الخيرية وأخيرا أضفنا الطريقة
+
+174
+00:13:01,010 --> 00:13:04,210
+الثلاثين وهي النظر الإبداعية والأفكار الإبداعية
+
+175
+00:13:04,210 --> 00:13:08,350
+التي تتطور في مجال العمل الخاص بالتبرعات لو قلنا
+
+176
+00:13:08,350 --> 00:13:15,550
+أساليب جمع التبرعات متنوعة
+
+177
+00:13:15,550 --> 00:13:20,750
+وقلنا فيه أنه ثلاثون طريقة وطريقة لجمع التبرعات
+
+178
+00:13:21,530 --> 00:13:25,950
+يعني لو أنا كل يوم متخصص في مجال عمل مؤسستي لو
+
+179
+00:13:25,950 --> 00:13:28,890
+كل يوم آخذ لي طريقة أدوس من الأول للآخر وأشوف
+
+180
+00:13:28,890 --> 00:13:32,430
+نماذجها وأشوف أفكارها وأشوف تطبيقها وأشوف قصص
+
+181
+00:13:32,430 --> 00:13:36,570
+نجاحها وأسباب ممكن تؤدي إلى قصورها وعدم نجاحها
+
+182
+00:13:36,570 --> 00:13:40,090
+بأستطيع أني أنا أطلع بآخر اليوم ورقة فيها أفكار
+
+183
+00:13:40,090 --> 00:13:44,070
+مختلفة عن أسلوب من الأساليب المختلفة لموضوع جمع
+
+184
+00:13:44,070 --> 00:13:47,190
+التبرعات الموضوع جمع التبرعات لا ينتهي يستمر دائما
+
+185
+00:13:47,410 --> 00:13:51,950
+متجدد دائما وحيوي دائما وكل مؤسسة تتطلع إلى
+
+186
+00:13:51,950 --> 00:13:55,430
+تزويد حصيلتها من التبرعات لكي تتمكن من أداء أعمالها
+
+187
+00:13:55,430 --> 00:13:59,090
+على أكمل وجه نشكر لكم اهتمامكم وحسن إنصاتكم
+
+188
+00:13:59,090 --> 00:14:00,490
+والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته

PL9fwy3NUQKwbqRqP24yHh6436xDshIebX/THHo-NjjMNQ_raw.srt

@@ -0,0 +1,752 @@
+1
+00:00:05,330 --> 00:00:09,350
+بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم والحمد لله رب العالمين احنا
+
+2
+00:00:09,350 --> 00:00:13,550
+عندنا موضوع طرق جمع التبرعات محاضرة هذه محاضرة
+
+3
+00:00:13,550 --> 00:00:19,350
+تعريفية على تلاتين طريقة مختلفة طبقت وراقعيا لجمع
+
+4
+00:00:19,350 --> 00:00:23,410
+التبرعات في المؤسسات الدولية والعربية اللي عاملة
+
+5
+00:00:23,410 --> 00:00:27,850
+في مجال العمل الخيري سواء ثقافية او اجتماعية او
+
+6
+00:00:27,850 --> 00:00:32,390
+انسانية او إيراثية او طبية او حتى في المجال
+
+7
+00:00:32,390 --> 00:00:36,270
+التعليمي او اي مجال من المجالاتممكن نضيف عليها
+
+8
+00:00:36,270 --> 00:00:39,110
+مؤسسات التي تقوم على النظام العضوية مثل النقابات
+
+9
+00:00:39,110 --> 00:00:43,810
+المهنية، نقابات المهندسين والاطباء والسيادلة ومجلة
+
+10
+00:00:43,810 --> 00:00:47,090
+الحرفية المختلفة، النقابات العمالية أيضًا ممكن
+
+11
+00:00:47,090 --> 00:00:51,110
+نضيف عليها مؤسسات المجتمع المدني، مؤسسات غير
+
+12
+00:00:51,110 --> 00:00:56,410
+حكومية بأشكالها المختلفة وطبقًا لإهتماماتها
+
+13
+00:00:56,410 --> 00:01:01,760
+المختلفة واتباطها بالمؤسسات الحكوميةهذه الطرق
+
+14
+00:01:01,760 --> 00:01:06,980
+التلاتية طبقت واقعيا وسنريد أن نفرض بعض المحاضرات
+
+15
+00:01:06,980 --> 00:01:10,780
+اللي نتكلم عليها هذه الطرق بنوع من النظرة الواقعية
+
+16
+00:01:10,780 --> 00:01:15,300
+الفاعلة لكي نستفيد من هذه الطرق في مجال عملنا
+
+17
+00:01:15,300 --> 00:01:20,100
+كمؤسسات غير حكومية نهدف إلى جمع التبرعات كوسيلة
+
+18
+00:01:20,100 --> 00:01:24,240
+للوصول إلى تحقيق نتائج من أنشطة وفعليات لخدمة
+
+19
+00:01:24,240 --> 00:01:28,300
+المجتمعسنعرض فقط في هذه المحاضرة أهم النقاط
+
+20
+00:01:28,300 --> 00:01:32,020
+التلاتين اللي هنتكلم عنهم بالتفصيل في محاضرات ان
+
+21
+00:01:32,020 --> 00:01:35,060
+شاء الله تالية فنبدأ بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم طريق
+
+22
+00:01:35,060 --> 00:01:38,600
+جمع التبرعات الطريقة الأولى هناك من خلال المساجد و
+
+23
+00:01:38,600 --> 00:01:42,420
+المراكز الإسلامية و المنتشرة في الإقليم أو في
+
+24
+00:01:42,420 --> 00:01:45,940
+المدينة أو في القرية أو في الدولة سواء عربية أو أي
+
+25
+00:01:45,940 --> 00:01:49,850
+دولة موجودةإليها طبعا في أمور مرتبطة فيها ارتباط
+
+26
+00:01:49,850 --> 00:01:55,050
+تاني مثل الصلاة و مثل الصناديق و مثل الملصقات و
+
+27
+00:01:55,050 --> 00:01:58,190
+البسترات و المعارض في المناسبات الطريقة الثانية
+
+28
+00:01:58,190 --> 00:02:02,430
+جمعت برات من خلال المدارس طلبة المدارس و الجامعات
+
+29
+00:02:02,430 --> 00:02:07,550
+لهم برضه أيدي حسنة و أيدي كريمة من خلال ذويهم أو
+
+30
+00:02:07,550 --> 00:02:11,760
+.. أو بأنفسهمالطريقة الثالثة هي من خلال الدعاية
+
+31
+00:02:11,760 --> 00:02:16,900
+والإعلان المباشرة دي مشارية أو للإعلان المؤسسة
+
+32
+00:02:16,900 --> 00:02:21,340
+ومجالات قدرة على التبرع أو أجمع هذه التبرعات لخدمة
+
+33
+00:02:21,340 --> 00:02:24,960
+يعني فئة معينة من الناس الطريقة الرابعة أن
+
+34
+00:02:24,960 --> 00:02:30,160
+التبرعات العقاريةالتبرع العقاري هو في صورة مال
+
+35
+00:02:30,160 --> 00:02:38,120
+ثمين في صورة عقار يترك لريعه والعقار يدار من قبل
+
+36
+00:02:38,120 --> 00:02:42,840
+المؤسسات ويترك أيضا للاستفادة منه كعمل خيري لمن
+
+37
+00:02:42,840 --> 00:02:49,880
+يتبرع بالعقار برضه تبرعات عينيةنجمحها تباع من خلال
+
+38
+00:02:49,880 --> 00:02:55,080
+مثلا .. يعني تجمحها ويتم عملية توزيحها أفضل يتم
+
+39
+00:02:55,080 --> 00:03:01,200
+جمحها كالكتب أو الملابس أو الهدايا أو الأثاث أو أي
+
+40
+00:03:01,200 --> 00:03:04,840
+شيء قابل جمعه كمواد عينية وبالتالي يتم اعادة
+
+41
+00:03:04,840 --> 00:03:08,790
+توزيحه مرة أخرىهناك طريقة سادسة المعارض والمعارض
+
+42
+00:03:08,790 --> 00:03:12,930
+الخيرية متلقلة يعني نفس المعارض يتنقل من إقليم
+
+43
+00:03:12,930 --> 00:03:17,150
+يقيم من مكان لمكان أو معارض ثابت دائم هذا المعارض
+
+44
+00:03:17,150 --> 00:03:21,850
+تلتقي فيه الشركات أو عفوا المؤسسات الغير حكومية
+
+45
+00:03:21,850 --> 00:03:27,130
+لعرض منتجاتها وبالتالي ريع هذا البيع سيتم لمعالجة
+
+46
+00:03:27,130 --> 00:03:33,150
+ومتابعة الناس أو دوي الاحتياجات الخاصةالطريقة
+
+47
+00:03:33,150 --> 00:03:36,370
+السابعة هناك الاستقطاع الشهري والاستقطاع الشهري
+
+48
+00:03:36,370 --> 00:03:43,430
+اليوم من المرتبات يدفع لفئات معينة بيعزز دور هؤلاء
+
+49
+00:03:43,430 --> 00:03:50,130
+الأفراد في خدمتهم للمجتمع و أيضًا يعزز قيمة هذه
+
+50
+00:03:50,130 --> 00:03:56,150
+المؤسسات لخدمة المجتمع ويعزز من طرق استفادة فئات
+
+51
+00:03:56,150 --> 00:04:03,880
+ذات الاحتياج من هذا العمل داخل المجتمعالطريقة
+
+52
+00:04:03,880 --> 00:04:07,800
+الثانية هي نظام حصالات و الحصالات أماكنها مختلفة
+
+53
+00:04:07,800 --> 00:04:11,940
+توضع في المحلات المختلفة و المعارض المختلفة لجمع
+
+54
+00:04:11,940 --> 00:04:17,460
+أموال و تبرعات التي تقدم بكل طواعية و بكل راحة
+
+55
+00:04:17,460 --> 00:04:22,480
+للمؤسسات الخيارية لكي تمارس أنشطتها الفاعلة في
+
+56
+00:04:22,480 --> 00:04:26,700
+المجتمع هناك الاتصال الهاتفييقوم بعض المؤسسات الغي
+
+57
+00:04:26,700 --> 00:04:31,260
+حكومية بتخصيص زي Central معين أو بعض الموظفين
+
+58
+00:04:31,260 --> 00:04:36,040
+تفردهم تفرزهم وتقدم لهم هاتف لتواصل مع الناس
+
+59
+00:04:36,040 --> 00:04:39,700
+ليبلغهم بمجالات عملهم وطلب التبرع منهم هناك التبرع
+
+60
+00:04:39,700 --> 00:04:43,710
+من خلال شركات الهاتفبعض الخدمات تقدمها شركات
+
+61
+00:04:43,710 --> 00:04:48,850
+الهاتف بتكون بقابل خاصة مبالغ رمزية من فواتير
+
+62
+00:04:48,850 --> 00:04:53,210
+أصحاب الهواتف وبالتالي هذه الخدمات يحصل عليها
+
+63
+00:04:53,210 --> 00:04:57,870
+المشتركين بالهواتف وهي تقدم رياحها بكل بساطة إلى
+
+64
+00:04:57,870 --> 00:05:01,550
+المؤسسات الخيريةطريقة الحديثة عشر هناك تبرعات
+
+65
+00:05:01,550 --> 00:05:09,330
+ثمينة من نياشين من أجهزة ومعدات من بعض الأمور اللي
+
+66
+00:05:09,330 --> 00:05:17,050
+لها طابع قيمة معينة وهذه القيم المعينة تستخدم يعني
+
+67
+00:05:17,050 --> 00:05:23,410
+ليه في حياة وبعد و بعد وفاة أصحابها ليه خدمة الناس
+
+68
+00:05:23,410 --> 00:05:30,390
+وعمل صدق جاي لهم هناك الخدمات الفنيةوالخدمات
+
+69
+00:05:30,390 --> 00:05:35,890
+الفنية تقدم طوعية للناس والحصول على أجر يعني بعض
+
+70
+00:05:35,890 --> 00:05:39,910
+المؤسسات الغير حكومية ممكن تقدم خدمات التصميم أو
+
+71
+00:05:39,910 --> 00:05:43,970
+الدعاية أو العلاقات العامة أو التواصل الهاتفي أو
+
+72
+00:05:43,970 --> 00:05:49,390
+الخدمات البريدية مقابل تبرعات معينة تقدم ريحها أو
+
+73
+00:05:49,390 --> 00:05:53,260
+مبلغها لخدمة المجتمعهناك المزادات الخيرية والمزاد
+
+74
+00:05:53,260 --> 00:05:57,220
+العلني أو المزاد الصامت تعرض قطع فنية مثل اللوحات
+
+75
+00:05:57,220 --> 00:06:01,760
+الفنية على سبيل المثال أو بعض القطع الهدايا أو
+
+76
+00:06:01,760 --> 00:06:05,880
+القطع هداية القيمة العالية ويتم بيعها في المزاد
+
+77
+00:06:05,880 --> 00:06:10,440
+العلني أو المزاد الصامت والهدف انه .. انه مايحدث
+
+78
+00:06:10,440 --> 00:06:14,920
+في المزاد الخيري هذا هو اللي خدمت قطع معين أو
+
+79
+00:06:14,920 --> 00:06:17,940
+مؤسسات خيرية معينة اتقى بقاشي هناك دعاية مقابل
+
+80
+00:06:17,940 --> 00:06:24,840
+الدعنيعني ممكن مؤسسات إعلانية تقدم دعم من خلال
+
+81
+00:06:24,840 --> 00:06:28,320
+الهاتف من خلال الـ Agadio من خلال التلفزيون من
+
+82
+00:06:28,320 --> 00:06:34,430
+خلال الصحف تقدم هذا الدعمللجمعيات مجانا بدون مقابل
+
+83
+00:06:34,430 --> 00:06:41,770
+فيه مقابل هو نوع من أنواع أيضا تبادل المنفعة وذكر
+
+84
+00:06:41,770 --> 00:06:46,830
+اسم المتبرع من القطاع الخاص فيه عادة أمام
+
+85
+00:06:46,830 --> 00:06:50,750
+المتبرعين وأمام فئات في المجتمع فهذا برضه يحسن من
+
+86
+00:06:51,040 --> 00:06:55,220
+ضغوة فعالية هذه المؤسسات القطاع الخاص بالقطاع
+
+87
+00:06:55,220 --> 00:06:59,460
+الخاص هناك الاستقطاع من المبيعات بعض المؤسسات تجعل
+
+88
+00:06:59,460 --> 00:07:05,500
+هناك نسبة 3%، 5%، 10% من مبيعاتها تخصص لأعمال
+
+89
+00:07:05,500 --> 00:07:09,780
+الخيرية يعني أسيب المثال في أن شركة اسمها
+
+90
+00:07:09,780 --> 00:07:13,520
+Macracola فترة من فترة كانت موجودة ونادت بأن نسبة
+
+91
+00:07:13,520 --> 00:07:17,990
+10% من مبيعاتها ستذهب إلى أطفال فلسطينالطريقة
+
+92
+00:07:17,990 --> 00:07:22,050
+السادسة عشره التبرع من أسهم الشركات وأرباحها بعض
+
+93
+00:07:22,050 --> 00:07:26,850
+المتبرعين يكون يحتاج يعني يمتلك في حصيلته محفظة من
+
+94
+00:07:26,850 --> 00:07:30,470
+الأوراق المالية في رتول أسهم بعض الشركات فيتبرع
+
+95
+00:07:30,470 --> 00:07:35,130
+بهذه الأسهم من الشركات أو أرباح هذه الشركات يتبرع
+
+96
+00:07:35,130 --> 00:07:39,970
+فيها إلى المؤسسات الغير حكومية والهدف إلى تحقيق
+
+97
+00:07:39,970 --> 00:07:43,110
+خدمة لمجتمعالطريقة السابعة عشر اتفاقي التبرع عام
+
+98
+00:07:43,110 --> 00:07:45,790
+من أعضاء الشركات يعني أعضاء الشركات أو رؤساء مجلس
+
+99
+00:07:45,790 --> 00:07:51,170
+الإدارة قد يبلغوا الجان المختصة يعني اللي هي عندها
+
+100
+00:07:51,170 --> 00:07:57,270
+المؤسسة اللي هي تقوم بعملية الدعم تبلغهم أنه في أن
+
+101
+00:07:57,270 --> 00:08:01,310
+توافقهم الأعضاء أنه يديكم نسبة معاوية مثلا خلال
+
+102
+00:08:01,310 --> 00:08:05,940
+هذا الشهر فقط يعنيفي هناك وصية الموت طبعا الموت هو
+
+103
+00:08:05,940 --> 00:08:12,020
+انتقال العبد إلى ربه وانقطاع عمله في الدنيا إلا من
+
+104
+00:08:12,020 --> 00:08:16,880
+ثلاث صدقة جارية وعلمي أنت تفهم بيه هو ولد صالح
+
+105
+00:08:16,880 --> 00:08:22,480
+يدعو له فصدقة الجارية مقدمة و تكون وصية خير للناس
+
+106
+00:08:22,480 --> 00:08:25,920
+بعد موت أصحابها في الدنيا الطريقة التاسعة عشر هناك
+
+107
+00:08:25,920 --> 00:08:29,470
+الدليل او Catalogueفيه الأنشطة والفعالية الخاصة
+
+108
+00:08:29,470 --> 00:08:33,390
+بالمؤسسة وبالتالي تم تبادل هذا الـ Ecotourism لكي
+
+109
+00:08:33,390 --> 00:08:38,630
+يعني نعكس أداء أملنا وتطوره على المجتمع هناك
+
+110
+00:08:38,630 --> 00:08:42,510
+المحال الخيرية، محلات للملابس أو التحف أو الأثاث
+
+111
+00:08:42,750 --> 00:08:46,230
+واللي بيع المنتجات هنا تختلف الفكرة عن المعارض أو
+
+112
+00:08:46,230 --> 00:08:50,690
+المزيدات المعارض هي مؤقتة والمزيدات هي برضه مؤقتة
+
+113
+00:08:50,690 --> 00:08:55,150
+لكن المحل الخيرية هي محل مستمرة بمعنى دائما نشاطها
+
+114
+00:08:55,150 --> 00:08:58,230
+مستمر في بيع الملابس أو التحافة أو الهدايا أو
+
+115
+00:08:58,230 --> 00:09:02,010
+الأثاث المستعمل أو حتى لو اتكلمنا عن الأحذية أو
+
+116
+00:09:02,010 --> 00:09:05,990
+اتكلمنا عن أي مجال من المجالات التي يستطيع المؤسسة
+
+117
+00:09:05,990 --> 00:09:10,850
+ان تجمحها وبالتالي تقدمها بيعا بأسعار رمزية للناس
+
+118
+00:09:11,070 --> 00:09:15,970
+نادي من المحال الخيرية الرائدة اتاقة 21 الدعم
+
+119
+00:09:15,970 --> 00:09:19,770
+للجهات الرسمية يعني الدعم الحكومي لا غير عنه و
+
+120
+00:09:19,770 --> 00:09:24,850
+خاصة ان الدعم الحكومي يأتي في أوقات متفرقة خلال
+
+121
+00:09:24,850 --> 00:09:28,610
+فترة حياة المؤسسات وبالتالي الدعم الحكومي يمثل
+
+122
+00:09:28,610 --> 00:09:33,570
+دفعة قوية للمؤسسات خاصة في بداية حياتهاالضغط ثاني
+
+123
+00:09:33,570 --> 00:09:37,430
+هو عشان هناك الحفل السنوي تقوم بيه المؤسسة ويعني
+
+124
+00:09:37,430 --> 00:09:41,030
+تطلب مجموع من الشخصيات العامة بحضور هذا الحفل
+
+125
+00:09:41,030 --> 00:09:45,550
+السنوي و تطلب في نفس الوقت منهم أن يتكلموا باسم
+
+126
+00:09:45,550 --> 00:09:51,000
+المؤسسة ويعرضوا عليهم خدمات ويعرضوا عليهميعني
+
+127
+00:09:51,000 --> 00:09:55,460
+الشخص المشهور يعرض على الجمهور أنه برجاء التبرع
+
+128
+00:09:55,460 --> 00:10:00,660
+لهذه المؤسسة لإنه عمالها جيدة وناشطة وفاعلة هناك
+
+129
+00:10:00,660 --> 00:10:06,480
+الحملات البريدية قد تكون المؤسسة بعمل قائمة بمجموع
+
+130
+00:10:06,480 --> 00:10:10,200
+من القوائم البريدية أو العناوين البريدية التي
+
+131
+00:10:10,200 --> 00:10:15,100
+ستستطيع أنه تبعد فيها رسائل محاسبة أو رسائل وراقية
+
+132
+00:10:15,460 --> 00:10:20,160
+الى دواة لاختصاص او ادوي فكرة التبارع موجود عندهم
+
+133
+00:10:20,160 --> 00:10:22,380
+بالكامل والحملة البردية ان انا بدي اكس انا ايش
+
+134
+00:10:22,380 --> 00:10:24,900
+اشتغلت فيها الاموال اللى انجمعتها منهم عشان اقدر
+
+135
+00:10:24,900 --> 00:10:29,220
+مصداقية ورغبة في اني اكون دايما عند حسن ظن
+
+136
+00:10:29,220 --> 00:10:34,280
+المتبرعين هناك طبعا موضوع طويل شوية حملة البردية
+
+137
+00:10:34,280 --> 00:10:37,080
+هناك رابع تلقى رابع وعشرين فان عداد ملف مشروعية
+
+138
+00:10:37,080 --> 00:10:40,640
+ايضا من هذه الموضوعية الطويلة اللى افرضناله محاضرة
+
+139
+00:10:40,640 --> 00:10:44,960
+بالكامل اتكلم عن كيف ان اعمل اعداء اد مشروع وكيف
+
+140
+00:10:44,960 --> 00:10:49,050
+انيعني أقسمه إلى أعزاء الهدف المشروع وكفاءة
+
+141
+00:10:49,050 --> 00:10:52,270
+المنظمة وطريقة التنفيذ والخطوات وتقييم المشروع
+
+142
+00:10:52,270 --> 00:10:55,490
+والميزانية التفصيلية هدف سنتكلم عنه في محاضرة
+
+143
+00:10:55,490 --> 00:10:58,850
+بالتفصيل لإن الموضوع مهم جدا وفائل جدا في توفي
+
+144
+00:10:58,850 --> 00:11:04,870
+مصادر تمويل للجمعيات الغير حكومية الموضوع طريقة 25
+
+145
+00:11:04,870 --> 00:11:09,060
+مقابلة شخصيا مع المتبرجعface to face أو وجه لوجه
+
+146
+00:11:09,060 --> 00:11:13,500
+بحاول أفهم المقابلة و هجهزها مقبل المبادرة مقابلة
+
+147
+00:11:13,500 --> 00:11:16,680
+و أثناءها و مابعدها المهم أني أحاول يعني أمشي
+
+148
+00:11:16,680 --> 00:11:21,300
+لحصول التعاميل و أقدم طواية أي أفكار أو أي أمور
+
+149
+00:11:21,300 --> 00:11:26,880
+يطلب مني هذا الشخص الذي سيتم عمل مقابلة معاه
+
+150
+00:11:26,880 --> 00:11:29,260
+الطريقة السادسة و عشرون هي تبرعات من الحكومات
+
+151
+00:11:29,260 --> 00:11:32,850
+الغربيةالحكومة الغربية أحيانًا تدعم بعض المؤسسات
+
+152
+00:11:32,850 --> 00:11:36,570
+في قطاع غزة مثل ما حدث مع السلطة الفلسطينية وانها
+
+153
+00:11:36,570 --> 00:11:43,190
+كانت تعم جاي لأنشطة مختلفة والحكومات الغربية لما
+
+154
+00:11:43,190 --> 00:11:47,110
+بتتبرع بكل الإهداف و أجندات خاصة فبالتالي احنا مهم
+
+155
+00:11:47,360 --> 00:11:51,120
+يعني إشراك التبرعات من الحكومات الغربية مع أهدافها
+
+156
+00:11:51,120 --> 00:11:54,240
+تكون تتلامى أهدافنا العامة في البلد الطريقة
+
+157
+00:11:54,240 --> 00:11:56,900
+السابعة وعشرين تبرعات شركات ومؤسسات تجارية أيضا
+
+158
+00:11:56,900 --> 00:12:00,560
+هذا المجال مجاله خصب واسع وخاصة في فترات الأشهر
+
+159
+00:12:00,560 --> 00:12:04,680
+الفضيلة رجب وشعبان وخاصة في رمضانالتي استطيع منها
+
+160
+00:12:04,680 --> 00:12:08,580
+الشركات و المؤسسات التجارية انه تتواصل مع ابناء
+
+161
+00:12:08,580 --> 00:12:12,260
+الشعب من خلال هذه المؤسسات الخيرية الطريقة الثامنة
+
+162
+00:12:12,260 --> 00:12:17,040
+و عشرون وقف الكتب مجموعة من الكتب و قفها هبطا و
+
+163
+00:12:17,040 --> 00:12:21,560
+رعاية لاحتياج الناس لإلها وبالتالي وقف الكتب في
+
+164
+00:12:21,560 --> 00:12:26,900
+المعارض او المواقف .. منافذ بيع الكتب احنا بتلعب
+
+165
+00:12:26,900 --> 00:12:31,070
+ضوء مهمفي ضعوفيهم مصدر تمويل يعني اذكر ان احنا في
+
+166
+00:12:31,070 --> 00:12:34,650
+فترة الصيف ذهبنا بتكليف من اخر وزارة الثقافة بكتاب
+
+167
+00:12:34,650 --> 00:12:36,810
+رسمى من وكيل الوزارة اسعارات وكيل الوزارة
+
+168
+00:12:36,810 --> 00:12:41,770
+الفلسطينية الى الاخ مديع نشرين لعرب مطلوب منهم
+
+169
+00:12:41,770 --> 00:12:45,730
+مجموع من الكتب توفية القطاع الغزة هم يعني بلغونا
+
+170
+00:12:45,730 --> 00:12:49,250
+انه يحدث الأمر ويوافونه في أقل فرصة ممكنة الطريقة
+
+171
+00:12:49,250 --> 00:12:52,150
+قبل الأخير التاسعة والعشرون هي معرض اللوحات الفنية
+
+172
+00:12:52,150 --> 00:12:57,170
+التي يحقق ريحة او يعني ناتج بيحهذه الأحوال الفنية
+
+173
+00:12:57,170 --> 00:13:01,010
+أدى مصدر تمويل للمؤسسة الخيرية وأخيرا ضفنا الطريقة
+
+174
+00:13:01,010 --> 00:13:04,210
+الثلاثون وهي النظر الإبداعية والأفكار الإبداعية
+
+175
+00:13:04,210 --> 00:13:08,350
+التي تتطور في مجال العمل الخاص بالتبادع لو قلنا
+
+176
+00:13:08,350 --> 00:13:15,550
+أساليب جمع التبادعات متنوعة
+
+177
+00:13:15,550 --> 00:13:20,750
+وقلنا فيه أنه تلاتين طريقة وطريقة لجمع التبادعات
+
+178
+00:13:21,530 --> 00:13:25,950
+يعني لو أنا كل يوم متخصص في مجلة العمل لمؤسساتي لو
+
+179
+00:13:25,950 --> 00:13:28,890
+كل يوم أخدلي طريقة أدوس من الأول للآخر و أشوف
+
+180
+00:13:28,890 --> 00:13:32,430
+نماذجها و أشوف أفكارها و أشوف تطبيقها و أشوف قصص
+
+181
+00:13:32,430 --> 00:13:36,570
+نجاحها و أسباب ممكن تؤدي إلى قصورها و عدم نجاحها
+
+182
+00:13:36,570 --> 00:13:40,090
+بستطيع أني أنا أطلع بآخر اليوم ورقة فيها أفكار
+
+183
+00:13:40,090 --> 00:13:44,070
+مختلفة عن أسلوب من الأساليب المختلفة لموضوع جمع
+
+184
+00:13:44,070 --> 00:13:47,190
+التبرعات الموضوع جمع التبرعات لا ينتهي يستمر دائما
+
+185
+00:13:47,410 --> 00:13:51,950
+متجدد دائما وحيروي دائما وكل المؤسسة تتطلع إلى
+
+186
+00:13:51,950 --> 00:13:55,430
+تزويد حصيلتها من التبرعات لكي تتمكن من أداء عمالها
+
+187
+00:13:55,430 --> 00:13:59,090
+على أكمل وجهة نشكر لكم اهتمامكم وحصنا انصاتكم
+
+188
+00:13:59,090 --> 00:14:00,490
+والسلام عليكم ورحمة الله وبركاته
+