1 00:00:13,440 --> 00:00:15,740 Bismillahirrahmanirrahim. Today inshallah I'm 2 00:00:15,740 --> 00:00:19,400 going to continue with causative verbs. Last time 3 00:00:19,400 --> 00:00:22,480 we spoke about the meaning of causatives, the 4 00:00:22,480 --> 00:00:26,580 definition of causatives, types of causatives in 5 00:00:26,580 --> 00:00:30,560 English, and we've seen that in English we have 6 00:00:30,560 --> 00:00:36,260 active causatives and passive causatives. In case 7 00:00:36,260 --> 00:00:40,920 of active, the subject and the agent are available 8 00:00:40,920 --> 00:00:46,080 in the sentence. In case of passive, the agent is 9 00:00:46,080 --> 00:00:50,920 absent and it is replaced by the object, okay? We 10 00:00:50,920 --> 00:00:54,400 have causative verbs which accept only bare 11 00:00:54,400 --> 00:00:57,600 infinitive; however, we have causative verbs which 12 00:00:57,600 --> 00:01:03,400 accept to infinitive, okay? The verbs which accept 13 00:01:03,400 --> 00:01:12,390 bare infinitive are yes, have, let, and make, and the 14 00:01:12,390 --> 00:01:15,210 verb which accept -- I mean the causative verb which 15 00:01:15,210 --> 00:01:20,190 accept both, get. Okay, still the rest of causatives 16 00:01:20,190 --> 00:01:27,530 accept to infinitive, okay? يعني infinitive with to 17 00:01:27,530 --> 00:01:33,770 Okay, now 18 00:01:33,770 --> 00:01:40,180 this construction -- I mean the causative verbs -- is 19 00:01:40,180 --> 00:01:46,000 either with bare infinitive or with to infinitive. 20 00:01:46,000 --> 00:01:52,200 It appears in active, appears in passive. It means 21 00:01:52,200 --> 00:02:00,700 that the causer does something to the cozy. Okay? It 22 00:02:00,700 --> 00:02:04,520 means the subject or the agent is responsible for 23 00:02:04,520 --> 00:02:11,180 causing an action done on the object itself. If 24 00:02:11,180 --> 00:02:15,560 you look to Arabic, do you have the same 25 00:02:15,560 --> 00:02:19,240 constructions? Do we have causative verbs in 26 00:02:19,240 --> 00:02:23,600 Arabic? Don't we have causative verbs? We have 27 00:02:23,600 --> 00:02:26,280 causative verbs. We have causative verbs in 28 00:02:26,280 --> 00:02:30,100 Arabic, but these causative verbs syntactically 29 00:02:30,100 --> 00:02:32,820 differ from English, and the function of the 30 00:02:32,820 --> 00:02:36,060 causative verb in Arabic differs from English. 31 00:02:36,180 --> 00:02:41,700 We've seen, or we dealt with, the infinitive and 32 00:02:41,700 --> 00:02:47,840 bare infinitive in English. However, in Arabic, we 33 00:02:47,840 --> 00:02:52,880 don't have this equivalence. We have the verb 34 00:02:52,880 --> 00:02:59,120 itself, has some sort of inflections added to it, 35 00:02:59,320 --> 00:03:02,440 so it becomes causative verb. The first 36 00:03:02,440 --> 00:03:09,080 inflection is allowed. Yes, this is by changing 37 00:03:09,080 --> 00:03:13,700 the inflection itself, the nominative, the 38 00:03:13,700 --> 00:03:23,000 genitive, and the accusative case. هزق هزق Okay. So 39 00:03:23,000 --> 00:03:27,860 we change the genitive case into accusative case, 40 00:03:28,200 --> 00:03:32,400 having the causative there. We still have what is 41 00:03:32,400 --> 00:03:39,660 called gemination. Okay. Hadama, haddama. Alima, 42 00:03:40,700 --> 00:03:47,710 allama. Okay. You add another sound, having what 43 00:03:47,710 --> 00:03:50,490 was called the consonant doubling. This is called 44 00:03:50,490 --> 00:03:55,710 gemination. Okay. Shut down. Okay, now still, we have 45 00:03:55,710 --> 00:04:01,070 another way -- the third way. This is Hamza. Okay, you 46 00:04:01,070 --> 00:04:05,950 have the Hamza, the glottal sound a. Okay, when I say 47 00:04:05,950 --> 00:04:14,710 for example, Farrah, Farraha, Afraha. Okay, Alima, Alama. 48 00:04:17,900 --> 00:04:28,940 But not all verbs have these three ways, okay? Don't 49 00:04:28,940 --> 00:04:33,380 have all these verbs accept the three ways, all 50 00:04:33,380 --> 00:04:38,260 together for making the verb causative, okay? We 51 00:04:38,260 --> 00:04:41,460 have some verbs accept all-determination, some 52 00:04:41,460 --> 00:04:47,170 other verbs accept about another category of verbs 53 00:04:47,170 --> 00:04:51,610 accept the glottal sound or the glottal sound a or 54 00:04:51,610 --> 00:04:56,770 hamza at the beginning of the verb, okay? But 55 00:04:56,770 --> 00:04:59,850 functionally 56 00:04:59,850 --> 00:05:06,370 or say, syntactically, the two verbs -- I mean English 57 00:05:06,370 --> 00:05:09,730 and Arabic causatives -- differ completely from each 58 00:05:09,730 --> 00:05:15,250 other, okay? So this does not cause what is called 59 00:05:15,250 --> 00:05:18,370 negative interference once learning causatives. 60 00:05:19,070 --> 00:05:24,190 All causative errors or mistakes done by the Arab 61 00:05:24,190 --> 00:05:30,230 learners of English result from the difficulty of 62 00:05:30,230 --> 00:05:33,570 English, that result to what is called intralingual 63 00:05:33,570 --> 00:05:38,830 errors. Intralingual errors, okay? That's it for 64 00:05:38,830 --> 00:05:42,790 causatives. And now we need to discuss the point 65 00:05:42,790 --> 00:05:46,990 generally, and also need to speak about the best 66 00:05:46,990 --> 00:05:51,330 activities or games for teaching causatives to our 67 00:05:51,330 --> 00:05:52,730 students. That's it.