1 00:00:22,280 --> 00:00:27,860 To shift from one mood to another, Because, you 2 00:00:27,860 --> 00:00:32,560 know, what upsets me, like, is like some students 3 00:00:32,560 --> 00:00:36,320 do not do their reports. This makes me mad. But I 4 00:00:36,320 --> 00:00:39,760 don't want to be mad. I want to be glad, you know, 5 00:00:39,840 --> 00:00:44,540 with a student who seems to have written something 6 00:00:44,540 --> 00:00:46,960 poetic. Okay, good. 7 00:00:51,840 --> 00:00:55,060 My daily report. When I remember the lecture last 8 00:00:55,060 --> 00:00:58,480 day, I become so optimistic by this way. The 9 00:00:58,480 --> 00:01:02,160 previous lecture was rhythm and rhyme. I prepared 10 00:01:02,160 --> 00:01:05,120 a lot to that lecture, which has a nice sight and 11 00:01:05,120 --> 00:01:08,880 style. As usual, the lecturer asked who wrote the 12 00:01:08,880 --> 00:01:12,560 daily report. I began to wait with some confusion 13 00:01:12,560 --> 00:01:15,740 and can't control. After a short time of waiting, 14 00:01:15,900 --> 00:01:19,260 my heart began to hurry up and I wished to fly. 15 00:01:20,440 --> 00:01:23,080 because of the shockness and frightness that I 16 00:01:23,080 --> 00:01:26,060 felt for the first time. In spite of this, our 17 00:01:26,060 --> 00:01:29,020 kind teacher motivated me by saying, you are good, 18 00:01:29,100 --> 00:01:31,920 do not be shy. I finished the poem with some 19 00:01:31,920 --> 00:01:35,020 repetition of the sound mind. He gave us a new 20 00:01:35,020 --> 00:01:38,020 hope to activate our mind. He encouraged us by 21 00:01:38,020 --> 00:01:41,280 saying, whatever you say will be right. Time is 22 00:01:41,280 --> 00:01:44,120 over, the teacher thanked us and the class is 23 00:01:44,120 --> 00:01:47,440 finished. He said, you should prepare for the next 24 00:01:47,440 --> 00:01:51,980 time or you will be punished. Okay, thank you. I 25 00:01:51,980 --> 00:01:57,460 didn't like threaten, but I want to motivate you. 26 00:01:58,640 --> 00:02:02,060 It's good. Thank you very much for like having 27 00:02:02,060 --> 00:02:07,080 this positive attitude. Let's see somebody who's 28 00:02:07,080 --> 00:02:08,160 willing there. Yes. 29 00:02:16,460 --> 00:02:20,140 Assalamualaikum. When I sit to write my report, I 30 00:02:20,140 --> 00:02:23,060 remember the last lecture and some student when 31 00:02:23,060 --> 00:02:26,280 read their reports, which write it in about it 32 00:02:26,280 --> 00:02:30,040 way. I tried to write my report in that way, but I 33 00:02:30,040 --> 00:02:33,560 think writing a poem is a gift. Not anyone can 34 00:02:33,560 --> 00:02:37,720 write it. But still you can experiment, you know. 35 00:02:38,680 --> 00:02:41,540 I know you might be gifted. Who knows? Maybe. 36 00:02:42,730 --> 00:02:47,150 Okay, not anyone can write poem or verses, maybe 37 00:02:47,150 --> 00:02:51,910 if I read more, teach more about poetry or maybe 38 00:02:51,910 --> 00:02:55,370 at the end of this course I can write couple of 39 00:02:55,370 --> 00:02:58,230 verse The last lecture was very interesting 40 00:02:58,230 --> 00:03:01,330 because we learn new things about rhyme and 41 00:03:01,330 --> 00:03:04,070 rhythm, it is very important because we should 42 00:03:04,070 --> 00:03:07,250 apply it in the whole poems Okay, thank you very 43 00:03:07,250 --> 00:03:11,350 much. I would be satisfied with like these two 44 00:03:11,350 --> 00:03:17,310 reports. I know like many of you wrote wonderful 45 00:03:17,310 --> 00:03:20,670 reports, but this is like the trick. It's like to 46 00:03:20,670 --> 00:03:25,310 get you to write and, you know, keep it because at 47 00:03:25,310 --> 00:03:29,070 the end I'll collect all of them and just look at 48 00:03:29,070 --> 00:03:32,770 the way you're writing. Good. Today, we're going 49 00:03:32,770 --> 00:03:38,630 to see Sir Philip Sidney and his poem, Litany. But 50 00:03:38,630 --> 00:03:44,030 I know you have read much about Sidney. You have 51 00:03:44,030 --> 00:03:47,430 read the poem. You have read Spencer. Because this 52 00:03:47,430 --> 00:03:53,450 week, we are doing Spencer as well. So I need 53 00:03:53,450 --> 00:03:56,870 somebody who thinks she has a wonderful response 54 00:03:56,870 --> 00:03:58,310 to Litany. 55 00:04:03,230 --> 00:04:07,870 And then I can come to you and see what kind of 56 00:04:07,870 --> 00:04:12,350 responses you have. Okay. Love is dead. That's 57 00:04:12,350 --> 00:04:15,310 what Sir Philip Sidney said. It truly reflects how 58 00:04:15,310 --> 00:04:18,950 he revealed sadness, anger, and regret. God, Lord, 59 00:04:19,030 --> 00:04:21,950 deliver us. It was hearty prayer rather than 60 00:04:21,950 --> 00:04:25,310 expression exasperated. Cursing love is what he 61 00:04:25,310 --> 00:04:29,350 meant. Pity and fear is what I sensed. Alas, fear 62 00:04:29,350 --> 00:04:32,290 the pain of love is what we shot. Then I read the 63 00:04:32,290 --> 00:04:35,410 sarcastic shift. He got rejected. It wasn't 64 00:04:35,410 --> 00:04:38,150 something he did, but because of his mistress' 65 00:04:38,410 --> 00:04:42,270 wit. So love isn't dead. In her mind, she's 66 00:04:42,270 --> 00:04:45,890 waiting for Mr. Right, for Mr. Right. And I hope 67 00:04:45,890 --> 00:04:48,030 she'll never find, because I'm sick of something 68 00:04:48,030 --> 00:04:52,290 called one love side. Okay, good. This is, you 69 00:04:52,290 --> 00:04:56,730 know, a wonderful parody. You know, it is as if 70 00:04:56,730 --> 00:05:01,510 she's giving us an example of a parody. But like 71 00:05:01,510 --> 00:05:04,450 her critique, you know, this is a critique of the 72 00:05:04,450 --> 00:05:09,800 poem. It seems like she is denouncing the poet. 73 00:05:10,520 --> 00:05:15,860 She's not happy with the poet, you know? But let's 74 00:05:15,860 --> 00:05:19,480 see, perhaps some of you have different point of 75 00:05:19,480 --> 00:05:23,240 view. Okay, just like I need you to talk, you 76 00:05:23,240 --> 00:05:29,280 know? Yeah, what do you think? No, just my eyes. 77 00:05:29,380 --> 00:05:35,650 You read the book? Again? Okay, but I know It's 78 00:05:35,650 --> 00:05:40,830 like they love to talk. OK. For my reading, I 79 00:05:40,830 --> 00:05:45,770 found the theme is about Cordial love. It is about 80 00:05:45,770 --> 00:05:51,890 one-sided love. And his beloved rejected him. And 81 00:05:51,890 --> 00:05:57,870 he decided to write a poem to describe it, to 82 00:05:57,870 --> 00:06:00,650 describe his death and stuff like that. So it is 83 00:06:00,650 --> 00:06:04,690 very traditional Cordial love poem, do you think? 84 00:06:05,910 --> 00:06:10,930 And is he like reading the same way other poets 85 00:06:10,930 --> 00:06:18,030 read? More than. More than. He's like very, like, 86 00:06:18,970 --> 00:06:22,030 he's crazy. Yeah. That's scandalizing. Yeah. He 87 00:06:22,030 --> 00:06:24,530 was very serious. You think that he's exaggerating 88 00:06:24,530 --> 00:06:30,030 things. Good. OK. Let's see someone else. What do 89 00:06:30,030 --> 00:06:35,370 you think? Yes? The thing that he used to express, 90 00:06:35,810 --> 00:06:39,650 he used too much figurative speech to strengthen 91 00:06:39,650 --> 00:06:43,590 the idea, strengthen the pain or the emotion that 92 00:06:43,590 --> 00:06:47,870 he wanted to transfer to the reader of the other 93 00:06:47,870 --> 00:06:50,870 people. He used too much figurative speech. 94 00:06:54,020 --> 00:06:59,560 So his home was full of figures of speech? And you 95 00:06:59,560 --> 00:07:03,720 like his style? Yeah. Do you remember any of these 96 00:07:03,720 --> 00:07:07,260 figures? Yeah, one of them is dead. Which is like 97 00:07:07,260 --> 00:07:12,500 what? Personalization. And it's very bizarre, very 98 00:07:12,500 --> 00:07:15,740 funny, very irrational. Come on, give me a break. 99 00:07:17,000 --> 00:07:20,700 It's crazy. But I think later about this, 100 00:07:21,420 --> 00:07:25,080 assumption is very critical when we see the whole 101 00:07:25,080 --> 00:07:28,180 atmosphere. I don't know why you don't like the 102 00:07:28,180 --> 00:07:31,300 atmosphere. It's very cloudy and you feel like 103 00:07:31,300 --> 00:07:37,340 it's really dark. It feels like it's pouring into 104 00:07:37,340 --> 00:07:40,860 your heart something like really bad. Yeah, why? 105 00:07:41,600 --> 00:07:45,700 Like pinching your heart or something. But I think 106 00:07:45,700 --> 00:07:49,680 you know what aggravates the whole situation is 107 00:07:49,680 --> 00:07:55,120 like It's like a killer, isn't it? Killer, the 108 00:07:55,120 --> 00:07:58,740 anger, the violence coming here. So I think he's 109 00:07:58,740 --> 00:08:06,960 exaggerating about it. He's angry with all women. 110 00:08:09,280 --> 00:08:15,900 Do you think he has a point? Do you think 111 00:08:15,900 --> 00:08:17,120 he has a point? 112 00:08:30,950 --> 00:08:35,250 So he's judgmental and you don't like it I think 113 00:08:35,250 --> 00:08:38,850 you know at the end of the poem he changes by the 114 00:08:38,850 --> 00:08:43,470 direction Yeah, so he back up and some say I'm 115 00:08:43,470 --> 00:08:45,690 sorry I You know, I didn't mean that, you know. 116 00:08:46,050 --> 00:08:49,410 No, I'm not that crazy, you know. So did he say 117 00:08:49,410 --> 00:08:52,210 that? No, I don't think so. You don't think so? 118 00:08:52,330 --> 00:08:57,690 Okay. He considered that I should protect him from 119 00:08:57,690 --> 00:09:00,090 women and he considered that women are all 120 00:09:00,090 --> 00:09:03,990 resources for him. Yeah, but you're right, but I 121 00:09:03,990 --> 00:09:07,810 think later he backed up and he started to say, 122 00:09:08,010 --> 00:09:11,350 no, it is like I didn't mean this, you know, I was 123 00:09:11,350 --> 00:09:14,470 angry and this is what made me commit such a 124 00:09:14,470 --> 00:09:17,910 folly. You see what I mean? I mean, this is very 125 00:09:17,910 --> 00:09:22,430 confusing, isn't it? Good. And let's see. Yes. 126 00:09:22,970 --> 00:09:26,510 Somebody else. Like still mind where? Yes, please. 127 00:09:27,590 --> 00:09:32,110 As crazy as the poet. I'm not going. Okay, good. 128 00:09:32,470 --> 00:09:36,170 So I see that some of you are not happy with the 129 00:09:36,170 --> 00:09:38,570 poet. Some of you are not happy with the 130 00:09:38,570 --> 00:09:42,960 atmosphere of the whole poem. It is very sad. very 131 00:09:42,960 --> 00:09:47,320 morbid you know however it seems like some of you 132 00:09:47,320 --> 00:09:50,720 the other are like and do not share the same 133 00:09:50,720 --> 00:09:53,400 opinion some of you like think it's a good power 134 00:09:54,490 --> 00:09:55,010 Yes? 135 00:09:58,270 --> 00:09:58,790 Yes, 136 00:10:06,810 --> 00:10:09,110 so yeah I think he has a point because you know 137 00:10:09,110 --> 00:10:13,870 he's a man who seems to be very noble and you know 138 00:10:13,870 --> 00:10:19,170 he's rejected because you know what like all you 139 00:10:19,170 --> 00:10:22,410 know because the lady seems to be scoffing, the 140 00:10:22,410 --> 00:10:25,940 lady seems to be arrogant And I think he gave 141 00:10:25,940 --> 00:10:30,460 enough reasons why he was not happy with her. 142 00:10:34,970 --> 00:10:35,410 Yeah, 143 00:10:43,870 --> 00:10:47,210 I think yes, when Amal is going to talk today, 144 00:10:47,310 --> 00:10:50,510 she's going to tell us about, you know, you know, 145 00:10:50,630 --> 00:10:54,370 Sydney as a, you know, a courtier, as a noble, as 146 00:10:54,370 --> 00:10:58,370 a sir, as a warrior, you know, he was he was like 147 00:10:58,370 --> 00:11:02,990 a man who some of the spirit of the Elizabethan 148 00:11:02,990 --> 00:11:09,650 idea of man as a paragon, as a wonderful. So yeah, 149 00:11:09,690 --> 00:11:13,170 he was like many things in one thing. He was an 150 00:11:13,170 --> 00:11:18,650 exemplar of what an Elizabethan man should be. And 151 00:11:18,650 --> 00:11:24,930 again, we'd see how he was trying to fit himself 152 00:11:24,930 --> 00:11:28,510 with the cultural norms of the time, like 153 00:11:28,510 --> 00:11:31,300 courtiers should be educated, should be 154 00:11:31,300 --> 00:11:33,060 intellectuals, should be lovers, should be 155 00:11:33,060 --> 00:11:37,300 knights, should be, you know, that was a holistic 156 00:11:37,300 --> 00:11:40,660 idea of like, you know, a courtier or a courtier 157 00:11:40,660 --> 00:11:46,200 lover. Good. Yes? I think the poet succeeds to use 158 00:11:46,200 --> 00:11:49,660 a very confusing and choosing the best figurative 159 00:11:49,660 --> 00:11:53,520 language to express and achieve the theme of this 160 00:11:53,520 --> 00:11:57,980 poem. And he used black elements in the poem to So 161 00:11:57,980 --> 00:12:00,520 you were attracted by the aesthetics, you know? 162 00:12:00,960 --> 00:12:04,300 What is like the most memorable line you have in 163 00:12:04,300 --> 00:12:09,200 the poem? Love is there. God, Lord deliver us. 164 00:12:09,600 --> 00:12:12,820 God, Lord deliver us. Like it's a prayer. It is a 165 00:12:12,820 --> 00:12:14,420 supplication. Have you ever seen supplication? 166 00:12:14,800 --> 00:12:19,120 Somebody like making supplication like this. Very 167 00:12:19,120 --> 00:12:23,400 good. Yeah, hold on please. Yes? My initial 168 00:12:23,400 --> 00:12:25,800 response, I felt like he was really depressed. And 169 00:12:25,800 --> 00:12:28,820 I felt like he was just trying to pour himself 170 00:12:28,820 --> 00:12:31,320 out, to get people to feel what he's feeling. 171 00:12:31,400 --> 00:12:33,720 Because all the words that he used, like infected, 172 00:12:34,440 --> 00:12:38,860 disdained, rejected, ungrateful. So do you want to 173 00:12:38,860 --> 00:12:42,100 say, like, he was sentimental? Yeah. And he was 174 00:12:42,100 --> 00:12:46,680 trying, like, to exaggerate his, you know, ordeal 175 00:12:46,680 --> 00:12:49,380 in order, like, to get the sympathy of the people? 176 00:12:49,480 --> 00:12:53,520 Hey, come, come. It's a possibility, but however, 177 00:12:53,680 --> 00:12:58,300 sometimes when pain and agony are too much to put 178 00:12:58,300 --> 00:13:03,500 up with, you might use this method. So we don't 179 00:13:03,500 --> 00:13:06,820 know. He might be exaggerating, and he might be 180 00:13:06,820 --> 00:13:10,400 honest. This depends on the relationship. 181 00:13:16,160 --> 00:13:19,240 You were attracted by the title literally. What is 182 00:13:19,240 --> 00:13:22,680 a literary by the way, you know? It is a sad song. 183 00:13:22,860 --> 00:13:24,240 It is a sad song, yeah. 184 00:13:27,620 --> 00:13:33,060 Yeah, you think it was like a funeral, you know? 185 00:13:33,700 --> 00:13:37,680 Yeah, so you were attracted with the title? Good. 186 00:13:39,040 --> 00:13:41,960 Any other response from those who are at the back? 187 00:13:42,370 --> 00:13:45,910 Yes, please. I think that he's an anti-feminist 188 00:13:45,910 --> 00:13:49,550 poet that he asked young to protect the society 189 00:13:49,550 --> 00:13:52,630 and to protect women from the... So you're not 190 00:13:52,630 --> 00:13:55,950 happy, so you think he's anti-feminist. I think, 191 00:13:56,050 --> 00:13:59,050 you know, later he started to, as we said 192 00:13:59,050 --> 00:14:03,290 previously, say, no, I'm sorry, you know, women 193 00:14:03,290 --> 00:14:09,010 are not like crazy, women are witty, you know, and 194 00:14:09,010 --> 00:14:13,050 this is like a foolish mistake I committed. We 195 00:14:13,050 --> 00:14:15,550 should respect him. 196 00:14:19,630 --> 00:14:27,450 Is he ambivalent? Is he having two contradictory 197 00:14:27,450 --> 00:14:33,410 feelings? Is he sarcastic? Is he ironic? Because 198 00:14:33,410 --> 00:14:37,950 sometimes you might be ironic. So we have to 199 00:14:37,950 --> 00:14:40,710 really read the poem and to see and perhaps to 200 00:14:40,710 --> 00:14:44,200 know. more about Sir Thomas Wyatt, his style, his 201 00:14:44,200 --> 00:14:46,580 position, the position of woman, because, you 202 00:14:46,580 --> 00:14:50,520 know, I think, you know, Elizabeth was a woman. 203 00:14:51,860 --> 00:14:56,820 Elizabeth, the queen. He was, you know, I mean Sir 204 00:14:56,820 --> 00:15:02,040 Philip Sidney was like, you know, favorite to the 205 00:15:02,040 --> 00:15:04,600 queen, was favorite, like, we are going to listen 206 00:15:04,600 --> 00:15:08,340 to this, and he was like a nice man, so I don't 207 00:15:08,340 --> 00:15:11,600 think He would be crazy enough, like, to denigrate 208 00:15:11,600 --> 00:15:16,360 women. Perhaps, like, I don't know, in the Ezekiel 209 00:15:16,360 --> 00:15:21,300 time, you know, this ambivalent attitude was 210 00:15:21,300 --> 00:15:26,360 prevalent, you know? You know, Mary, you know, 211 00:15:26,580 --> 00:15:31,150 Jesus, you know? Mother, Queen Elizabeth are 212 00:15:31,150 --> 00:15:37,370 women, so they are examples of virgin women. They 213 00:15:37,370 --> 00:15:40,710 are ideal. Then we have on the other one, man, 214 00:15:40,790 --> 00:15:44,690 woman as a mistress, as this. So there was some 215 00:15:44,690 --> 00:15:47,170 contradiction. There was dichotomy. You know what 216 00:15:47,170 --> 00:15:51,990 is dichotomy? The virgin. Okay. So I think I don't 217 00:15:51,990 --> 00:15:58,070 want to dive deeper without having little 218 00:15:58,070 --> 00:16:00,410 background. So we are going to see little 219 00:16:00,410 --> 00:16:06,170 background about the poem. And then to see the 220 00:16:06,170 --> 00:16:09,390 poem itself, to read it together, and to explore 221 00:16:09,390 --> 00:16:13,510 further your response. 222 00:16:14,050 --> 00:16:17,190 So Amal is having something for us. Yes, please. 223 00:16:18,590 --> 00:16:21,180 What do you want to say, Amal? I want to talk 224 00:16:21,180 --> 00:16:26,240 about Philip Sidney. At first, Philip Sidney is a 225 00:16:26,240 --> 00:16:28,780 poet, a soldier, and one of the most prominent 226 00:16:28,780 --> 00:16:31,400 characters in the Elizabethan Age. The reason why 227 00:16:31,400 --> 00:16:34,840 I mention that he was a soldier is because it is 228 00:16:34,840 --> 00:16:37,740 what gave him the title Sir or Sire. It was given 229 00:16:37,740 --> 00:16:40,480 to soldiers at that time, at that court. He was 230 00:16:40,480 --> 00:16:44,420 very much interested in politics and in arts. that 231 00:16:44,420 --> 00:16:48,480 he worked for the Queen Elizabeth I and as he said 232 00:16:48,480 --> 00:16:52,660 he was the favorite for her. He traveled through 233 00:16:52,660 --> 00:16:56,840 Europe, Italy, France, Germany where he met a lot 234 00:16:56,840 --> 00:17:01,380 of intellectuals and of course politicians. Philip 235 00:17:01,380 --> 00:17:05,820 Sidney encouraged a lot writers and poets at that 236 00:17:05,820 --> 00:17:08,900 time, especially Edmund Spencer, who dedicated a 237 00:17:08,900 --> 00:17:12,540 song, a poem after that for him, which was called 238 00:17:12,540 --> 00:17:16,340 The Shepherd's Calendar. They say that when Philip 239 00:17:16,340 --> 00:17:18,920 Sidney started reading that poem, he was so much 240 00:17:18,920 --> 00:17:21,920 fascinated that he ordered, after reading the 241 00:17:21,920 --> 00:17:25,280 first stanza, he ordered 200 pounds to be given to 242 00:17:25,280 --> 00:17:28,460 Edmund Spencer, which was a great honor for him, 243 00:17:28,520 --> 00:17:33,850 of course. After that, for some reason, Sir Philip 244 00:17:33,850 --> 00:17:36,550 Sidney retired from court and working for the 245 00:17:36,550 --> 00:17:40,630 Queen, and then he started writing his works. He 246 00:17:40,630 --> 00:17:43,810 wrote Astrophel and Stella, which is the first and 247 00:17:43,810 --> 00:17:47,170 famous English sonnet sequence. It includes 108 248 00:17:47,170 --> 00:17:51,790 sonnets and 11 songs. As any other poet at that 249 00:17:51,790 --> 00:17:55,110 time, Sir Philip Sidney was too fascinated and 250 00:17:55,110 --> 00:17:58,830 influenced by Petrarch and his conventions that he 251 00:17:58,830 --> 00:18:03,610 actually, he followed the Petrarchan rhyme scheme 252 00:18:03,610 --> 00:18:06,730 in a lot of his sonnets. Wait a minute, like 253 00:18:06,730 --> 00:18:10,470 Astrophel and Stella, like this is a collection of 254 00:18:10,470 --> 00:18:15,250 sonnets, I think. We have 108 sonnets. And you 255 00:18:15,250 --> 00:18:18,990 know, Stella means star, I think. And Astrophel 256 00:18:18,990 --> 00:18:22,610 means the lover of a star. So are we talking about 257 00:18:22,610 --> 00:18:26,770 like a collection of poetry which we can call love 258 00:18:26,770 --> 00:18:30,080 poetry? They say that he dedicated a lot of his 259 00:18:30,080 --> 00:18:32,440 songs to his love, to his lover, a girl. Yeah, I 260 00:18:32,440 --> 00:18:34,980 think Penelope de Vorex. Yes. If you remember my 261 00:18:34,980 --> 00:18:40,140 name, Penelope, Penelope, Penelope de Vorex. You 262 00:18:40,140 --> 00:18:43,580 know, it seemed like there was saying about like 263 00:18:43,580 --> 00:18:46,400 he when she was 13 that he was the one who was 264 00:18:46,400 --> 00:18:49,880 going to marry, but they never married. And you 265 00:18:49,880 --> 00:18:53,280 know, she married to another anyone. But like you 266 00:18:53,280 --> 00:18:58,000 see, that love did not succeed or that marriage 267 00:18:58,000 --> 00:19:04,460 did not succeed and you know like Sidney and this 268 00:19:04,460 --> 00:19:06,960 lady became you know like they remained and he 269 00:19:06,960 --> 00:19:11,860 dedicated the whole volume for her okay. After 270 00:19:11,860 --> 00:19:14,540 that he wrote The Countess of Primbrock's Arcadia 271 00:19:14,540 --> 00:19:17,220 or the Arcadia or other words they call it the old 272 00:19:17,220 --> 00:19:20,380 Arcadia. It is a long prose work that is basically 273 00:19:20,380 --> 00:19:23,620 a romance that combines pastoral elements with 274 00:19:23,620 --> 00:19:27,100 some Greek elements called I believe Hellenistic 275 00:19:27,100 --> 00:19:30,520 or something like that. In it he highly idealized 276 00:19:30,520 --> 00:19:33,820 the life of a shepherd and he also talked about 277 00:19:33,820 --> 00:19:38,680 some treachery, rapes, battles and kidnapping. So 278 00:19:38,680 --> 00:19:41,680 this is like a way this is what we call Pastoral 279 00:19:41,680 --> 00:19:44,900 poetry, which is away from the complication of the 280 00:19:44,900 --> 00:19:48,660 city life, as if he, you know, Osama bin Laden was 281 00:19:48,660 --> 00:19:52,540 criticizing the complexity, the corruption of the 282 00:19:52,540 --> 00:19:55,880 city life. So we're talking about a new genre, and 283 00:19:55,880 --> 00:19:59,100 I think, you know, Sir Philip Sidney was like, you 284 00:19:59,100 --> 00:20:03,100 know, wonderful in this genre. Okay, I think you 285 00:20:03,100 --> 00:20:06,020 have something about his defense of poetry. It is 286 00:20:06,020 --> 00:20:08,640 one of the most important contributions to the 287 00:20:08,640 --> 00:20:12,010 English literature as a whole. In it, he addressed 288 00:20:12,010 --> 00:20:14,510 the objections of Plato. As we all know, he didn't 289 00:20:14,510 --> 00:20:17,530 like poetry a lot. So he addressed these, he 290 00:20:17,530 --> 00:20:22,870 defended poetry in this. And also, he also talked 291 00:20:22,870 --> 00:20:26,390 about how poetry is noble, the nobility of poetry, 292 00:20:26,530 --> 00:20:29,710 that poetry, poetry is for teaching and delighting 293 00:20:29,710 --> 00:20:32,550 and horrors. I think he was, you know, responding 294 00:20:32,550 --> 00:20:36,240 or he was trying like to respond to the accusation 295 00:20:36,240 --> 00:20:41,400 of, you know, the Puritan critic Stephen Gossen, 296 00:20:42,040 --> 00:20:45,140 who accused poetry as being the mother of lies, 297 00:20:46,100 --> 00:20:50,280 being immoral, being, you know, just like this at 298 00:20:50,280 --> 00:20:53,780 some point. But I'm interested, like, how he 299 00:20:53,780 --> 00:20:59,680 refuted, like, you know, Gossen's allegation about 300 00:20:59,680 --> 00:21:02,260 poetry being the mother of lies. What did he say? 301 00:21:04,050 --> 00:21:10,010 He said that poetry is the only genre or the only 302 00:21:10,010 --> 00:21:12,030 branch of knowledge which never tells lies, 303 00:21:12,450 --> 00:21:16,070 because it never tells what things are, but how 304 00:21:16,070 --> 00:21:18,850 things should be. Because, you know, very good, 305 00:21:18,970 --> 00:21:21,640 you know. He says that poetry has the power to 306 00:21:21,640 --> 00:21:24,620 move people to be more virtuous and virtuous 307 00:21:24,620 --> 00:21:27,140 actions. But I don't think he was the only critic 308 00:21:27,140 --> 00:21:29,700 of the time. There was another critic called 309 00:21:29,700 --> 00:21:32,640 Pottenham. You know, he was also a critic and he 310 00:21:32,640 --> 00:21:35,840 wrote a book about the art of poetry and the art 311 00:21:35,840 --> 00:21:38,860 of writing poetry. He was much more philosophical. 312 00:21:39,200 --> 00:21:44,160 But it's good here we have the rise, we could say, 313 00:21:44,260 --> 00:21:47,420 of criticism. So look here, we are dealing with a 314 00:21:47,420 --> 00:21:50,980 very intellectual poet, a critic, a poet, a lover, 315 00:21:51,460 --> 00:21:56,000 a courtier, as we said. And you mentioned Spencer, 316 00:21:56,320 --> 00:21:59,200 like praising him, but I would mention also 317 00:21:59,200 --> 00:22:03,320 Shelley, you know, the romantic poet who said, you 318 00:22:03,320 --> 00:22:10,580 know, as he lived, you know, as he, you know, 319 00:22:10,620 --> 00:22:17,380 lived, loved and lived, as he you know, Phil, like 320 00:22:17,380 --> 00:22:21,360 in a battle, he was a sublimely spirit without a 321 00:22:21,360 --> 00:22:25,100 mind, you know, like he was praising him as he 322 00:22:25,100 --> 00:22:29,640 lived and loved, as he, Phil and Phor, he was 323 00:22:29,640 --> 00:22:33,500 sublimely spirit without a spot, you know, that 324 00:22:33,500 --> 00:22:38,400 was like him, like Chile, he was praising his 325 00:22:38,400 --> 00:22:42,870 nobility, you know, and he was like, very 326 00:22:42,870 --> 00:22:48,530 influential, very famous poet and intellectual of 327 00:22:48,530 --> 00:22:54,050 his time. So now, I don't think we should take 328 00:22:54,050 --> 00:23:00,530 this for something funny, when he writes a poem 329 00:23:00,530 --> 00:23:03,410 like this. Okay, do you want to add anything? 330 00:23:04,550 --> 00:23:09,550 Yeah, but you're taking us to the poem, and all of 331 00:23:09,550 --> 00:23:13,830 the students, wow, you're lucky. You like it? You 332 00:23:13,830 --> 00:23:17,350 like it? I don't know. Like, you should have 333 00:23:17,350 --> 00:23:23,790 started reading it aloud. How? How should it? And 334 00:23:23,790 --> 00:23:29,670 like, look here. Some poems, some lines are, yeah. 335 00:23:31,370 --> 00:23:34,930 Didn't nobody read this poem aloud at home? Huh? 336 00:23:36,910 --> 00:23:40,790 Don't say, bring out your bells. Don't worry. Do 337 00:23:40,790 --> 00:23:43,270 you think it should be like this? How? 338 00:23:46,670 --> 00:23:54,850 Is it anger or let's say a song? Because there 339 00:23:54,850 --> 00:23:57,470 should be anger like, bring out your guns, like 340 00:23:57,470 --> 00:24:03,070 this? Bring out your guns. Late morning shows be 341 00:24:03,070 --> 00:24:07,650 spread and then Allah is there. That is silly. 342 00:24:08,580 --> 00:24:10,500 Very silly, you know, come on, give me a break. 343 00:24:11,080 --> 00:24:14,920 What are you saying? You know, you're calling all 344 00:24:14,920 --> 00:24:18,820 these church bells to ring, you know, and then 345 00:24:18,820 --> 00:24:22,800 you're telling me one is dead? Very silly. Very, 346 00:24:23,000 --> 00:24:27,940 you know, irrational. But I think he, you know, by 347 00:24:27,940 --> 00:24:32,460 counting the reasons, by justifying that, you 348 00:24:32,460 --> 00:24:37,660 know, he's becoming more, you know, like sensible. 349 00:24:38,450 --> 00:24:41,930 and then say, Allah was dead, infected with plague 350 00:24:41,930 --> 00:24:47,310 of deep disdain, worth as note worth rejected, and 351 00:24:47,310 --> 00:24:52,230 faith first scored off gain from so ungrateful 352 00:24:52,230 --> 00:24:57,010 fancy, from such a female frenzy, from them that 353 00:24:57,010 --> 00:25:01,450 use men thus, good Lord, deliver us. Wow. Do you 354 00:25:01,450 --> 00:25:04,410 think this is like the voice of the poet? Is it 355 00:25:04,410 --> 00:25:05,810 the same voice or a different voice? 356 00:25:11,370 --> 00:25:14,730 You know, you are the chorus, and you know, can we 357 00:25:14,730 --> 00:25:17,610 do it? But let's see, listen, because this is how 358 00:25:17,610 --> 00:25:20,630 it should be. I'm going to, you know, like, to 359 00:25:20,630 --> 00:25:24,290 start. Ring out your bells. The morning shall be 360 00:25:24,290 --> 00:25:27,990 spread, for love is dead. Oh, love is dead. 361 00:25:29,150 --> 00:25:34,250 Infected with plague of deep despair. Worth as not 362 00:25:34,250 --> 00:25:39,210 worth rejected. And faith first called of gain. 363 00:25:52,520 --> 00:25:55,940 Weep? Weep, neighbors, weep. Don't you hear it 364 00:25:55,940 --> 00:26:00,580 said, Allah is there? His death, the tax folly, 365 00:26:01,180 --> 00:26:05,060 pickaxe folly, his whining, To cheer his shame, 366 00:26:05,880 --> 00:26:10,260 his will fall seemingly hollow, Holy his soul 367 00:26:10,260 --> 00:26:11,700 executor blame. 368 00:26:18,000 --> 00:26:23,580 Let dirt 369 00:26:23,580 --> 00:26:27,400 be sung and trantles rightly read, For love is 370 00:26:27,400 --> 00:26:31,980 dead. So wrong his tomb's ordained, My mistress' 371 00:26:32,340 --> 00:26:36,850 marble heart, which Epitaph contains, her eyes 372 00:26:36,850 --> 00:26:42,970 were once his dart. From such a dream 373 00:26:42,970 --> 00:26:47,250 and a fantasy, from name that fused him thus, to a 374 00:26:47,250 --> 00:26:51,690 dart in her grasp. Alas, I lie. Rage has this 375 00:26:51,690 --> 00:26:55,150 error bred. Love is not dead. Love is not dead, 376 00:26:55,250 --> 00:26:59,730 but sleeps in her unmatched mind, where she his 377 00:26:59,730 --> 00:27:02,950 counsel keeps till due dessert she find. 378 00:27:14,670 --> 00:27:17,730 You're crazy. You believe me? Thank you very much. 379 00:27:18,470 --> 00:27:21,490 Good. So I think it sounds like a prayer, a 380 00:27:21,490 --> 00:27:24,750 church, somebody like, yeah, it's like a what? 381 00:27:25,110 --> 00:27:27,490 It's like a ceremony. It's like a ceremony, isn't 382 00:27:27,490 --> 00:27:29,250 it? Yes, Jihani, you wanted to say something? 383 00:27:29,270 --> 00:27:32,970 Yeah, I just noticed because we read it aloud that 384 00:27:32,970 --> 00:27:37,210 because the first two are the same chorus but then 385 00:27:37,210 --> 00:27:40,790 the last stands and he differs, he changes. So it 386 00:27:40,790 --> 00:27:43,890 parallels his change of mind because we just said 387 00:27:43,890 --> 00:27:46,990 that at the beginning he thought a certain way and 388 00:27:46,990 --> 00:27:49,310 then at the end he sort of changed his mind. So do 389 00:27:49,310 --> 00:27:56,330 you think that this change of mind I think you 390 00:27:56,330 --> 00:27:59,570 know it's a deviation from the star because it 391 00:27:59,570 --> 00:28:02,330 seems like here we have a kind of you know 392 00:28:02,330 --> 00:28:05,810 conflict because emotionally he's angry but 393 00:28:05,810 --> 00:28:09,510 whatever like he said oh I'm sorry alas I you know 394 00:28:09,510 --> 00:28:12,710 what made me commit such a mistake yeah so it is 395 00:28:12,710 --> 00:28:17,370 like rage what is rage anger you know so I'm sorry 396 00:28:17,370 --> 00:28:23,210 like it is rage and like I think we admire a man 397 00:28:23,210 --> 00:28:27,130 who commits, who admits he committed a folly under 398 00:28:27,130 --> 00:28:33,950 the pressure of some other passion. And then we 399 00:28:33,950 --> 00:28:37,190 admire because he says, I'm sorry. So we admire 400 00:28:37,190 --> 00:28:40,830 people who are not intransigent. You know what I 401 00:28:40,830 --> 00:28:43,370 mean? Not stubborn. Because some people, when they 402 00:28:43,370 --> 00:28:45,390 commit a mistake, they don't want to admit it. But 403 00:28:45,390 --> 00:28:52,100 this man admits, yes. Everyone when he like have 404 00:28:52,100 --> 00:28:57,120 an experience for the first time or he like under 405 00:28:57,120 --> 00:29:01,640 depression for the first time, he will like be too 406 00:29:01,640 --> 00:29:08,470 negative for the other side. Like what we call in 407 00:29:08,470 --> 00:29:14,970 Arabic, time will 408 00:29:14,970 --> 00:29:20,450 like change and make things a little painful for 409 00:29:20,450 --> 00:29:25,190 the others. I feel that he's like at first he's 410 00:29:25,190 --> 00:29:29,330 like under depression because of the experience 411 00:29:29,330 --> 00:29:35,120 itself. Yeah, by time like Yeah, but we don't have 412 00:29:35,120 --> 00:29:37,100 time, like he's telling us like, you know, 413 00:29:37,160 --> 00:29:42,220 quickly, but it's just a vibe. Yes. What do you 414 00:29:42,220 --> 00:29:48,920 want to say? Somebody's talking there? Yes. You 415 00:29:48,920 --> 00:29:52,460 like the poem? Yes. Why? Is it because we sang it? 416 00:29:52,860 --> 00:29:57,580 Like we sang it? No. Okay. About his, about his 417 00:29:57,580 --> 00:29:59,960 deeply feelings. Yeah, because, you know, you 418 00:29:59,960 --> 00:30:05,380 think he's sincere, he's noble, he's like, he 419 00:30:05,380 --> 00:30:08,120 succeeded. 420 00:30:08,560 --> 00:30:08,880 Yes. 421 00:30:15,360 --> 00:30:20,920 So you 422 00:30:20,920 --> 00:30:24,060 think he was like considering, you know, he wanted 423 00:30:24,060 --> 00:30:28,300 like, yeah, to to grab like to praise like no no 424 00:30:28,300 --> 00:30:30,480 no women are not like this the women are witty 425 00:30:30,480 --> 00:30:34,020 they you know look at our queen how she's witty 426 00:30:34,020 --> 00:30:36,420 she you know what i mean so this could be a kind 427 00:30:36,420 --> 00:30:40,120 of flattery you know and i think this would gain 428 00:30:40,120 --> 00:30:44,470 him a stronger position in the court But I think 429 00:30:44,470 --> 00:30:48,270 the culture of that time and here, again, this is 430 00:30:48,270 --> 00:30:50,930 a twist of courtly love. Because here, we don't 431 00:30:50,930 --> 00:30:55,510 have a lover who keeps castigating, 432 00:30:57,390 --> 00:31:00,830 offending, cursing the woman up to the end like 433 00:31:00,830 --> 00:31:03,530 the other poets. We have a poet who is more 434 00:31:03,530 --> 00:31:08,410 respectable, who admits his folly, his mistake. 435 00:31:09,210 --> 00:31:12,850 And I think this conflict between passion and 436 00:31:12,850 --> 00:31:16,550 feeling, man should be balanced. You see what I 437 00:31:16,550 --> 00:31:20,780 mean? The idea of balance, the idea of order was 438 00:31:20,780 --> 00:31:24,160 like a value in the Elizabethan culture. In the 439 00:31:24,160 --> 00:31:27,700 Elizabethan culture, one should be balanced. One 440 00:31:27,700 --> 00:31:31,340 should not leave other, you know, things dominate. 441 00:31:31,880 --> 00:31:34,960 So the idea of order, the idea of balance was 442 00:31:34,960 --> 00:31:38,020 there. So we do not respect, we do not appreciate 443 00:31:38,020 --> 00:31:41,960 people who are, you know, very like imbalanced. 444 00:31:43,140 --> 00:31:47,580 But let's go to the poem because it seems like 445 00:31:47,580 --> 00:31:51,660 this poem is very provocative. Ring out your 446 00:31:51,660 --> 00:31:55,200 bells, lit morning shows be spread. So the poet 447 00:31:55,200 --> 00:31:59,040 seems to be angry and sad. And this is a 448 00:31:59,040 --> 00:32:04,720 declaration. But whom is he, but when he say, ring 449 00:32:04,720 --> 00:32:08,220 out your bells, lit morning shows be spread, for 450 00:32:08,220 --> 00:32:12,970 love is dead. So he is like, ordering, he is 451 00:32:12,970 --> 00:32:18,150 appealing, you could say, to whom? Yeah, like, 452 00:32:18,290 --> 00:32:20,490 ring out your bells, let morning shows be spread 453 00:32:20,490 --> 00:32:24,770 to the church. So, like, the bells is a metonymy 454 00:32:24,770 --> 00:32:26,970 of the church, if you want to say, you know, ring 455 00:32:26,970 --> 00:32:30,390 out your bells, let morning shows be spread for 456 00:32:30,390 --> 00:32:33,230 love. It's there. As we said, this is, you know, 457 00:32:34,030 --> 00:32:38,230 an abrupt personification. It is unexpected. It 458 00:32:38,230 --> 00:32:45,000 is, it sounds silly. But this silliness is 459 00:32:45,000 --> 00:32:50,560 undercut by those lovely images where he say love 460 00:32:50,560 --> 00:32:57,600 is dead, infected with all, with plague of deep 461 00:32:57,600 --> 00:33:02,680 disdain. Worth as not worth rejected and faith 462 00:33:02,680 --> 00:33:05,640 first called off game. Like what does he say 463 00:33:05,640 --> 00:33:13,650 exactly? Are we missing any line? All love is 464 00:33:13,650 --> 00:33:17,990 dead. The assumption is not his personal love, but 465 00:33:17,990 --> 00:33:21,890 all love. Why is he generalizing the thing? 466 00:33:25,290 --> 00:33:30,250 Like to make people sympathize. Very good. To get 467 00:33:30,250 --> 00:33:34,130 the compassion of people. But you know, I think, 468 00:33:34,250 --> 00:33:36,510 you know, the word infected here, what is it 469 00:33:36,510 --> 00:33:41,830 infected? Yeah, infected. with a plague you know 470 00:33:41,830 --> 00:33:46,330 love was infected had good infection of what of 471 00:33:46,330 --> 00:33:51,910 plague of deep disdain so I think here disdain is 472 00:33:51,910 --> 00:33:56,730 very dangerous disdain is like what like you know 473 00:33:56,730 --> 00:34:02,210 what's with this day it's gone you know yeah like 474 00:34:02,210 --> 00:34:07,270 to despise to disparage somebody despise disparage 475 00:34:07,270 --> 00:34:08,950 disdain all these 476 00:34:14,110 --> 00:34:20,230 All love is dead, infected with a plague of this 477 00:34:20,230 --> 00:34:24,010 day. What is a plague by the way? It's a very 478 00:34:24,010 --> 00:34:29,050 dangerous, very contagious epidemic. It was there 479 00:34:29,050 --> 00:34:34,730 in 16th century and 17th century. But a plague is 480 00:34:34,730 --> 00:34:38,920 very fatal, very dangerous. And, you know, here, 481 00:34:39,160 --> 00:34:41,800 but what is the plague, in fact? What is the 482 00:34:41,800 --> 00:34:44,340 plague? Because there seems to be a metaphor here, 483 00:34:45,260 --> 00:34:50,800 you know? No, it's not love. What is like, what is 484 00:34:50,800 --> 00:34:56,120 the thing which has the effect of a plague? No, 485 00:34:56,380 --> 00:35:01,180 but here, like, say, all love is infected with the 486 00:35:01,180 --> 00:35:04,980 plague of deed this day. So what is like a plague? 487 00:35:05,560 --> 00:35:14,500 Love is disdain. Love is disdain. What is 488 00:35:14,500 --> 00:35:19,760 disdain? To think that you are superior to the 489 00:35:19,760 --> 00:35:22,960 others. To think that the others are inferior to 490 00:35:22,960 --> 00:35:28,300 you. This is disdain. So I think disdain in itself 491 00:35:28,300 --> 00:35:33,380 is enough reason to justify his claim that love is 492 00:35:33,380 --> 00:35:38,760 dead. And even like to justify his claim that all 493 00:35:38,760 --> 00:35:41,200 love is dead. Because if we are talking, you know, 494 00:35:41,240 --> 00:35:44,200 a reason which is a plague-like, you know, because 495 00:35:44,200 --> 00:35:47,960 here we're dealing like, you know, it is infected. 496 00:35:48,740 --> 00:35:52,000 And as you see here, infected, it has to do with 497 00:35:52,000 --> 00:35:55,960 the idea of all, you know, all love is dead. So if 498 00:35:55,960 --> 00:35:58,680 we're talking about plague, you know, it means 499 00:35:58,680 --> 00:36:07,010 like good. Yes? And maybe he said all of this 500 00:36:07,010 --> 00:36:14,970 because he had a sad experience. He imagined all 501 00:36:14,970 --> 00:36:20,010 of this. Yeah, because he's 502 00:36:20,010 --> 00:36:23,070 paying too much, so he started to generalize. And 503 00:36:23,070 --> 00:36:26,390 this happens when we are under pressure, when we 504 00:36:26,390 --> 00:36:32,350 have experience like this. But words as known were 505 00:36:32,350 --> 00:36:36,260 rejected. I think he started like to end this, to 506 00:36:36,260 --> 00:36:42,120 give us why he's trying to justify it. Okay, it 507 00:36:42,120 --> 00:36:45,960 was scorn which killed it. And then he says, worth 508 00:36:45,960 --> 00:36:49,460 has not worth rejected. We have a simile here. 509 00:36:50,120 --> 00:36:56,240 What is the simile? What is worth? Worth is 510 00:36:56,240 --> 00:37:01,920 nobility. Nobility, worth is nobility. So worth, 511 00:37:02,500 --> 00:37:07,300 you know, as not worth. Note means a zero, you 512 00:37:07,300 --> 00:37:10,760 know. Note like it has zero. You are noble to 513 00:37:10,760 --> 00:37:14,020 people, but they never consider this nobility. 514 00:37:14,120 --> 00:37:17,040 They never, you know, they just give cold 515 00:37:17,040 --> 00:37:19,440 shoulders. They don't care, you know. So you feel, 516 00:37:19,660 --> 00:37:23,580 I think, you know, you know, if you're worth, if 517 00:37:23,580 --> 00:37:25,560 you're noble to people and this noble is not 518 00:37:25,560 --> 00:37:29,440 appreciated, you feel, you know, mad, you feel 519 00:37:29,440 --> 00:37:34,930 that the other is ungrateful. worth as not worth 520 00:37:34,930 --> 00:37:41,750 rejected and faith fair score doth gain. I like 521 00:37:41,750 --> 00:37:46,150 this line very complicated very complicated you 522 00:37:46,150 --> 00:37:50,310 know I know like some of you perhaps were 523 00:37:50,310 --> 00:37:55,290 attracted by the alliteration here yeah and faith 524 00:37:55,290 --> 00:38:01,210 fair score doth gain but fair score you know is 525 00:38:01,210 --> 00:38:06,480 little bit Problematic is there a score which is 526 00:38:06,480 --> 00:38:11,040 fair? You know, is it is there a score which is 527 00:38:11,040 --> 00:38:16,920 fair Yeah, it seems like contradictingly fair how 528 00:38:16,920 --> 00:38:22,840 come You know, it's like this is contradictory 529 00:38:22,840 --> 00:38:28,580 it's like delicious torment Huh, it is oxymoron. 530 00:38:28,680 --> 00:38:30,540 Thank you very much. This is what we call 531 00:38:30,540 --> 00:38:31,420 oxymoron. I 532 00:38:34,590 --> 00:38:38,790 So yeah, he wants to say it is fair score. So he 533 00:38:38,790 --> 00:38:42,550 could be ironic. He could be sarcastic. He could 534 00:38:42,550 --> 00:38:47,130 appreciate the score because without the score, he 535 00:38:47,130 --> 00:38:51,830 would have never discovered how false and untrue 536 00:38:51,830 --> 00:38:56,630 she was. But what I like in this poem is the 537 00:38:56,630 --> 00:39:01,670 complexity of the syntax in the line. So if we are 538 00:39:01,670 --> 00:39:06,200 talking about faith, and fair score, like who's 539 00:39:06,200 --> 00:39:12,120 gaining the other? How would you paraphrase this 540 00:39:12,120 --> 00:39:15,580 line? Can you paraphrase this line? How would you 541 00:39:15,580 --> 00:39:16,220 paraphrase it? 542 00:39:20,340 --> 00:39:27,080 How would you paraphrase it? Fair and faith, fair 543 00:39:27,080 --> 00:39:28,980 score does gain. 544 00:39:33,570 --> 00:39:36,430 Yes, yes, please. 545 00:39:39,810 --> 00:39:43,130 Excellent, yes, you gain faith, but you gain 546 00:39:43,130 --> 00:39:46,730 score. So which is better? Which is stronger? 547 00:39:48,130 --> 00:39:54,350 Which is stronger? A scorn is stronger. It's like 548 00:39:54,350 --> 00:39:58,310 a battle in which you have fair scorn, which I 549 00:39:58,310 --> 00:40:02,850 think it is person location here, and faith are 550 00:40:02,850 --> 00:40:07,050 battling with each other, and then it is scorn the 551 00:40:07,050 --> 00:40:12,290 winner. This line is ambiguous. Another 552 00:40:12,290 --> 00:40:16,650 possibility is faith 553 00:40:18,690 --> 00:40:21,910 You are, as you said, you are faithful, and when 554 00:40:21,910 --> 00:40:26,170 you are faithful, this faith gains, you know, in 555 00:40:26,170 --> 00:40:30,170 return, a score, you see? In either cases, score 556 00:40:30,170 --> 00:40:31,390 is dominant. 557 00:40:34,210 --> 00:40:37,350 And then this refrain, I don't know why the 558 00:40:37,350 --> 00:40:39,510 refrain, this is what we call refrain. 559 00:40:43,910 --> 00:40:48,720 Refrain, it's like, it's a chorus, Somebody should 560 00:40:48,720 --> 00:40:53,340 be repeating this, you know. And then we go like, 561 00:40:53,440 --> 00:40:56,640 we neighbors, we. It's not like a person that he 562 00:40:56,640 --> 00:40:58,740 started like to call neighbors. Like this is what 563 00:40:58,740 --> 00:41:02,080 happens in funeral when the ordeal or the problem 564 00:41:02,080 --> 00:41:05,660 is too much, you see. So it seems like this is 565 00:41:05,660 --> 00:41:08,820 very interesting poem and we have to reread it, 566 00:41:09,100 --> 00:41:13,760 you know, again. with all the ideas, the 567 00:41:13,760 --> 00:41:16,900 wonderful, the background we have about this. And 568 00:41:16,900 --> 00:41:21,680 I think next time we should go deeper, analyzing 569 00:41:21,680 --> 00:41:24,320 it, analyzing the figures of speech, the 570 00:41:24,320 --> 00:41:27,220 aesthetics. It is very complicated, but it is very 571 00:41:27,220 --> 00:41:30,920 interesting. Thank you for being attentive, and 572 00:41:30,920 --> 00:41:32,880 see you next time, okay? Good.