1 00:00:15,020 --> 00:00:19,740 Good morning, everybody. How are you? Had a nice 2 00:00:19,740 --> 00:00:26,320 time over the long weekend, yes? Good. Today, 3 00:00:26,860 --> 00:00:33,530 we're going to see Raleigh's poem, but from a 4 00:00:33,530 --> 00:00:38,310 different perspective. We're going to see it as a 5 00:00:38,310 --> 00:00:38,610 parody. 6 00:00:41,750 --> 00:00:43,250 Like in this poem, 7 00:00:46,190 --> 00:00:50,690 I mean, Raleigh parodies Marlow. 8 00:00:52,290 --> 00:00:56,530 I mean, when I say parody, have you ever thought 9 00:00:56,530 --> 00:00:57,190 what is a parody? 10 00:00:59,940 --> 00:01:03,840 So in this lecture, we'll talk about what is 11 00:01:03,840 --> 00:01:10,000 parody, and then we're going to see how Raleigh 12 00:01:10,000 --> 00:01:18,040 parodies or parodies like Marlowe in this reply. 13 00:01:18,960 --> 00:01:22,860 But let me ask you, what is a parody? Yes, please. 14 00:01:29,970 --> 00:01:30,650 Yes. 15 00:01:33,430 --> 00:01:38,210 So yes, the main purpose of the parody is like to 16 00:01:38,210 --> 00:01:44,370 make fun, is to ridicule or to mock. So one is 17 00:01:44,370 --> 00:01:50,690 writing, let's say, a novel or 18 00:01:50,690 --> 00:01:55,070 a story in response to another novel or a story or 19 00:01:55,070 --> 00:02:00,450 a poem. And the main purpose of this is to 20 00:02:00,450 --> 00:02:05,530 satirize, to parody, to parody, you know, the 21 00:02:05,530 --> 00:02:13,550 original one. Now, is this what is happening in 22 00:02:13,550 --> 00:02:19,330 like Marlow's or Raleigh's reply? Is he mocking 23 00:02:19,330 --> 00:02:25,060 him? Is he, you know, making fun of him? This is 24 00:02:25,060 --> 00:02:27,660 what we are going to see. But the question is, 25 00:02:28,000 --> 00:02:33,460 like, how he is making fun of him, you know? How? 26 00:02:34,060 --> 00:02:39,760 Like, he should be making fun of him on a 27 00:02:39,760 --> 00:02:44,360 thematic, you know, level, on a linguistic level, 28 00:02:44,720 --> 00:02:49,000 on a form level. So this is what we are going to 29 00:02:49,000 --> 00:02:54,970 see today. Like if we remember Marlow's 30 00:02:54,970 --> 00:03:01,010 poem is about what? Marlow's poem is about the 31 00:03:01,010 --> 00:03:06,210 simplicity of the pastoral life. It is about the 32 00:03:06,210 --> 00:03:10,970 immortality of the pastoral life. It is a 33 00:03:10,970 --> 00:03:14,550 suggestion. It is an invitation, like, for the 34 00:03:14,550 --> 00:03:18,870 lady, you know, for Marlon's lady to go and live 35 00:03:18,870 --> 00:03:24,710 with him in that beautiful life. Now, we want to 36 00:03:24,710 --> 00:03:31,470 see, like, how he is parodizing, you know, the 37 00:03:31,470 --> 00:03:36,930 whole poem. And, like, I want, before I start, I 38 00:03:36,930 --> 00:03:41,360 want you to be aware You know, when we say parody 39 00:03:41,360 --> 00:03:47,040 of the word, of certain verbs, like verbs like, I 40 00:03:47,040 --> 00:03:49,880 might write for them, like, because they will help 41 00:03:49,880 --> 00:03:51,440 you in your, 42 00:03:56,200 --> 00:03:57,580 in speaking about the parody. 43 00:04:03,180 --> 00:04:07,640 Do you know what this mean, mock? To mock? Okay. 44 00:04:13,070 --> 00:04:14,090 What is this? 45 00:04:30,010 --> 00:04:33,730 Could you like bring like the page size, the size 46 00:04:33,730 --> 00:04:39,950 of the page? Okay. Can anybody like come and fix 47 00:04:39,950 --> 00:04:44,860 this? So we might need to use words like, or 48 00:04:44,860 --> 00:04:47,380 verbs, like mock, 49 00:04:50,000 --> 00:04:50,560 mock, 50 00:04:54,140 --> 00:04:55,140 satirizes, 51 00:05:00,580 --> 00:05:01,180 refutes, 52 00:05:03,700 --> 00:05:05,820 you know refutes, debunks, 53 00:05:09,540 --> 00:05:10,360 invalidates, 54 00:05:16,690 --> 00:05:20,630 What do I do? Yeah, just like I want a small, I 55 00:05:20,630 --> 00:05:26,430 mean a large font, a large font. So when we are 56 00:05:26,430 --> 00:05:32,310 discussing how this is a parody, we might need to 57 00:05:32,310 --> 00:05:37,690 use these verbs. How he makes fun of him. How he, 58 00:05:37,870 --> 00:05:42,290 you know, disdains his idea. You might need the 59 00:05:42,290 --> 00:05:43,050 word disdain. 60 00:05:46,750 --> 00:05:54,210 So all these are necessary to use when you are 61 00:05:54,210 --> 00:06:10,050 explaining the parody. Now, you mentioned parody. 62 00:06:11,550 --> 00:06:16,020 It's an imitation. What is he imitating? If we 63 00:06:16,020 --> 00:06:20,500 look at Marlow's poem, you remember how it went? 64 00:06:20,720 --> 00:06:26,000 Come live with me and be my love. And here you see 65 00:06:26,000 --> 00:06:30,500 if all the word and love were young and truth in 66 00:06:30,500 --> 00:06:36,040 every shepherd's tongue. So what do you notice? Do 67 00:06:36,040 --> 00:06:41,100 you notice like the same rhyme and the same 68 00:06:41,100 --> 00:06:44,440 rhythm? What is like the rhythm? Do you remember 69 00:06:44,440 --> 00:06:50,100 the rhythm of Marlow's poem? Iambic pentameter. So 70 00:06:50,100 --> 00:06:57,020 again, if all the word and love were young, and 71 00:06:57,020 --> 00:07:01,400 truth in every shepherd's tongue. So if you scan 72 00:07:01,400 --> 00:07:11,020 this and you say, if we 73 00:07:11,020 --> 00:07:15,820 take this line, and make it scansion if the word 74 00:07:15,820 --> 00:07:19,540 and 75 00:07:19,540 --> 00:07:23,720 love were 76 00:07:23,720 --> 00:07:25,280 enough. 77 00:07:28,240 --> 00:07:33,280 Now I think if the word is stress, which is 78 00:07:33,280 --> 00:07:34,880 stress? What is stress? 79 00:07:38,240 --> 00:07:44,140 if they were and 80 00:07:44,140 --> 00:07:48,680 love were 81 00:07:48,680 --> 00:07:53,720 enough so again we are having if they were and 82 00:07:53,720 --> 00:08:01,780 love were enough like we have how many meters do 83 00:08:01,780 --> 00:08:07,090 we have? I mean, how many feet do we have? If the 84 00:08:07,090 --> 00:08:14,510 word, word, one. And love? Two. Where? Enough. You 85 00:08:14,510 --> 00:08:19,590 know? Three and four, because enough. Four. Four. 86 00:08:20,030 --> 00:08:23,550 And you know, each syllable has two. So it is the 87 00:08:23,550 --> 00:08:29,210 same rhythm. And the same, if you look, it is the 88 00:08:29,210 --> 00:08:31,830 same rhyme. 89 00:08:35,150 --> 00:08:40,550 B, A, A, B, B. So if you go to the original poem. 90 00:08:42,490 --> 00:08:45,330 Yes. And he's using almost the same number of 91 00:08:45,330 --> 00:08:49,610 stanzas, except in the reply you have one missing 92 00:08:49,610 --> 00:08:55,930 stanza, which is about the food one. Now, we have 93 00:08:55,930 --> 00:08:59,270 to see how he's making fun of him. How he's making 94 00:08:59,270 --> 00:09:05,340 fun of him. How is he ridiculing him? Is he making 95 00:09:05,340 --> 00:09:09,460 fun of him? Yes. How? How is he criticizing him? 96 00:09:09,680 --> 00:09:13,540 How is he satirizing him? How he is refuting? Now, 97 00:09:13,560 --> 00:09:16,220 when I say this is a parody, I don't want you to 98 00:09:16,220 --> 00:09:19,340 compare or contrast, because this is a common 99 00:09:19,340 --> 00:09:22,460 mistake. Usually in the exam, last year, I asked, 100 00:09:22,780 --> 00:09:25,820 to what extent is this poem a parody? And most of 101 00:09:25,820 --> 00:09:30,260 the students kept comparing and contrasting 102 00:09:30,260 --> 00:09:32,600 between the two poems, and they missed the point 103 00:09:32,600 --> 00:09:36,510 of the question. So when I say a parody, I want 104 00:09:36,510 --> 00:09:41,390 you to show me how he is making fun, how he is 105 00:09:41,390 --> 00:09:46,210 underestimating, how he is devaluing the whole 106 00:09:46,210 --> 00:09:51,170 poem. You see what I mean? So let's see how. Yes. 107 00:09:59,050 --> 00:10:00,450 Yes. 108 00:10:07,450 --> 00:10:08,850 Yes. 109 00:10:13,910 --> 00:10:24,570 So what was seen as immortal in Marlow is becoming 110 00:10:26,350 --> 00:10:32,850 Mortal. So in Raleigh or in Marlow, love and life 111 00:10:32,850 --> 00:10:39,630 were immortal. But here they are mortal. How? How 112 00:10:39,630 --> 00:10:42,090 do you say, like, how they are mortal? You know? 113 00:10:43,630 --> 00:10:47,890 How they are mortal. Like, do you have evidence 114 00:10:47,890 --> 00:10:51,170 from the poem that these things are mortal? Yes. 115 00:10:53,270 --> 00:11:02,160 How they are mortal. Yes? Okay, this is what you 116 00:11:02,160 --> 00:11:05,940 can from the outside, but from the inside of the 117 00:11:05,940 --> 00:11:10,880 poem. Yes, how? Yes, Jahan? It's like we discussed 118 00:11:10,880 --> 00:11:15,000 it last time, when we took the very first line and 119 00:11:15,000 --> 00:11:18,900 he said the word if. It's actually like, it's as 120 00:11:18,900 --> 00:11:21,960 if he's stating that the world and love are not 121 00:11:21,960 --> 00:11:26,620 enough, and he's saying that if they were. So, do 122 00:11:26,620 --> 00:11:29,840 you want to say the assumption, like, the 123 00:11:29,840 --> 00:11:32,640 assumption that life and love are not enough? 124 00:11:32,880 --> 00:11:35,700 Because this is, you know, an assumption. This is 125 00:11:35,700 --> 00:11:39,180 an assumption. But, like, I want more concrete, 126 00:11:39,720 --> 00:11:43,980 you know, images or evidence from the poem that 127 00:11:43,980 --> 00:11:47,840 indicate that all these, yes please? When he says, 128 00:11:48,100 --> 00:11:49,960 the girls, the shoes, die. 129 00:11:56,800 --> 00:12:02,760 Yes, this is an example of ephemerality, like you 130 00:12:02,760 --> 00:12:06,020 know what it means, transience. Ephemeral, like 131 00:12:06,020 --> 00:12:08,160 something which doesn't last. 132 00:12:20,050 --> 00:12:21,110 Means transient. 133 00:12:24,950 --> 00:12:30,570 Something which doesn't last. Yes, like these, thy 134 00:12:30,570 --> 00:12:33,790 gown, thy shoes, you know, all the golden 135 00:12:33,790 --> 00:12:38,890 promises, you know, will be like transient, like 136 00:12:38,890 --> 00:12:44,050 will be temporal. Okay, good. Also, he said the 137 00:12:44,050 --> 00:12:47,590 flowers will fade. The flowers fade, okay. 138 00:12:51,130 --> 00:12:55,470 The flowers fade like here, it's an image of 139 00:12:55,470 --> 00:13:02,550 morality, sorry, mortality. What else? Okay, let's 140 00:13:02,550 --> 00:13:07,730 go to the poem. Yes. Yes, please. 141 00:13:12,160 --> 00:13:16,280 Excellent. Yes, time drives the flock from field 142 00:13:16,280 --> 00:13:20,140 to fold. This is an image of what? Destruction, 143 00:13:20,820 --> 00:13:26,000 devastation. It is an image of finality, end. You 144 00:13:26,000 --> 00:13:29,260 know, there is nothing called mortal. Look here. 145 00:13:29,740 --> 00:13:34,640 Time drives the flux from field to field. So you 146 00:13:34,640 --> 00:13:37,820 can say, you know, like Rani in this poem 147 00:13:37,820 --> 00:13:42,680 undercuts or undermines or invalidates, whatever. 148 00:13:42,840 --> 00:13:48,900 You can use refutes. Like Marlow's assumption 149 00:13:48,900 --> 00:13:51,860 about the immortality of life by saying that time 150 00:13:52,850 --> 00:13:55,830 will put an end to each thing, to each immortal 151 00:13:55,830 --> 00:14:03,670 thing. So yes, here, more images, more images of 152 00:14:03,670 --> 00:14:04,770 mortality. 153 00:14:06,770 --> 00:14:10,010 Yes, here we have to be insider, to look at 154 00:14:10,010 --> 00:14:10,410 images. 155 00:14:22,750 --> 00:14:28,630 What about rocks growing old? What's been rocks 156 00:14:28,630 --> 00:14:33,950 growing old? It's an image of aging. It's an image 157 00:14:33,950 --> 00:14:39,470 of change. It's an image of transformation. Yeah. 158 00:14:46,110 --> 00:14:49,530 Yes. What else? 159 00:14:52,350 --> 00:14:58,990 What about the image of rottenness? Like here. 160 00:15:00,410 --> 00:15:02,930 Yeah. What will happen? 161 00:15:05,950 --> 00:15:07,430 The force. 162 00:15:11,330 --> 00:15:14,630 Yes, like thy gowns, thy shoes, thy bed of roses, 163 00:15:14,790 --> 00:15:17,930 thy cap, thy kirtle, and thy poses, soon break, 164 00:15:18,050 --> 00:15:21,690 soon wither, soon forgotten, infolirized, 165 00:15:22,250 --> 00:15:26,310 unreasoned, rotten. Like everything will be 166 00:15:26,310 --> 00:15:32,510 rotten. And rottenness is an image of decay. It's 167 00:15:32,510 --> 00:15:36,970 an image of decay. So as you see here, he 168 00:15:36,970 --> 00:15:38,470 undermines. 169 00:15:40,210 --> 00:15:45,910 He mocks Marlos by showing that nothing is 170 00:15:45,910 --> 00:15:51,790 immortal. So he mocks him by subverting his theme. 171 00:15:51,890 --> 00:15:56,330 I like the word subvert. Subvert like twisting his 172 00:15:56,330 --> 00:15:59,330 theme, showing the opposite. If you want to 173 00:15:59,330 --> 00:16:03,010 subvert something, you are showing the opposite. 174 00:16:03,350 --> 00:16:03,950 Subvert. 175 00:16:12,400 --> 00:16:24,980 Yes, he subverts the 176 00:16:24,980 --> 00:16:28,140 field by showing the opposite. 177 00:16:35,070 --> 00:16:38,290 The parody here is working on one level, which is 178 00:16:38,290 --> 00:16:42,610 thematic, you know, like he's taking the theme, he 179 00:16:42,610 --> 00:16:46,650 satirizes, he mocks him by showing, you know, an 180 00:16:46,650 --> 00:16:53,930 opposite theme. Also, we have other, like, it 181 00:16:53,930 --> 00:16:58,410 could be by using lexical choices, by using other 182 00:16:58,410 --> 00:17:01,510 linguistic choices. So what can you tell me about 183 00:17:03,060 --> 00:17:04,600 Here, if we look at the words, 184 00:17:08,500 --> 00:17:12,720 Marlowe, in his poem, Come Live With Me and Be My 185 00:17:12,720 --> 00:17:17,340 Love, and We All The Pleasures Prove. So if you 186 00:17:17,340 --> 00:17:24,840 talk about love and pleasure, if we go to Marlowe, 187 00:17:25,440 --> 00:17:29,180 love and pleasure, beauty, what are these things? 188 00:17:31,380 --> 00:17:34,000 You know, like in grammar, we call them what? Are 189 00:17:34,000 --> 00:17:37,980 they, you know, concrete nouns or what? They are 190 00:17:37,980 --> 00:17:41,640 abstract nouns. They are abstract nouns. And here, 223 00:20:24,050 --> 00:20:33,410 So by using if, by using if and again could. If 224 00:20:33,410 --> 00:20:35,270 you look at the end, 225 00:20:39,520 --> 00:20:43,280 But could youth lust and love still breed? Had 226 00:20:43,280 --> 00:20:47,340 joys? Again here, we have the conditional. So the 227 00:20:47,340 --> 00:20:51,780 poem begins with the conditional and ends with the 228 00:20:51,780 --> 00:20:54,480 conditional. And the conditional has to do with 229 00:20:54,480 --> 00:20:59,580 the attitude of cynicism. So we could easily say 230 00:20:59,580 --> 00:21:06,480 Raleigh is skeptical, doesn't believe Marlowe. 231 00:21:07,400 --> 00:21:14,620 He thinks, that the notions of immortal love and 232 00:21:14,620 --> 00:21:22,760 life are nonsensical. They are not true. And this 233 00:21:22,760 --> 00:21:28,620 cynical attitude is demonstrated by the use of F 234 00:21:28,620 --> 00:21:32,780 or the conditional use, I mean, the conditional of 235 00:21:32,780 --> 00:21:38,140 F at the beginning and could and had at the end. 236 00:21:39,040 --> 00:21:45,700 OK. More. Like, if we look here, 237 00:21:48,420 --> 00:21:55,280 thy belt. Look at the pronouns. Look at the 238 00:21:55,280 --> 00:21:58,700 repetition of these pronouns. Thy belt of straw 239 00:21:58,700 --> 00:22:04,960 and ivy buds. Thy coral clasp and amber studs. And 240 00:22:04,960 --> 00:22:10,290 I think, you know, Thy shoes, thy beds of roses, 241 00:22:10,710 --> 00:22:16,810 thy cap, thy curtain, and thy poses. So here, yes, 242 00:22:17,030 --> 00:22:21,790 these lexical 243 00:22:21,790 --> 00:22:25,230 or these syntactic choices, you know, thy, thy, 244 00:22:25,410 --> 00:22:29,190 with the repetition, what do they convey with 245 00:22:29,190 --> 00:22:34,870 them? A sense of? Rejection. Yeah, they induced, 246 00:22:35,230 --> 00:22:37,770 you know, a sense of boredom. But when you say, 247 00:22:37,930 --> 00:22:44,450 thy, thy. Yeah, like, he's sarcastic. He's 248 00:22:44,450 --> 00:22:49,510 sarcastic. He makes fun of him. He, you know, 249 00:22:50,530 --> 00:22:55,670 refutes all his 250 00:22:56,980 --> 00:23:00,440 allegations, all his assumptions about the 251 00:23:00,440 --> 00:23:06,120 immortality, the beauty. Now if we look, we have 252 00:23:06,120 --> 00:23:10,500 just seen how he was mocking the idea of 253 00:23:10,500 --> 00:23:12,840 immortality and how he's mocking the idea of 254 00:23:12,840 --> 00:23:17,080 beauty. Say again, you know, here you have images 255 00:23:17,080 --> 00:23:21,820 of horror, you have images of ugliness, you know, 256 00:23:21,900 --> 00:23:24,840 and if we go to them, like look here, when 257 00:23:24,840 --> 00:23:29,440 something is fading, is it beautiful? Yeah. When 258 00:23:29,440 --> 00:23:35,620 something is turning from like lush green into 259 00:23:35,620 --> 00:23:40,180 dark, you know, dark black or something like this, 260 00:23:40,560 --> 00:23:43,490 it is an image of death. And this is what is 261 00:23:43,490 --> 00:23:49,790 happening. But again, thy belt of straw and ivy 262 00:23:49,790 --> 00:23:55,870 buds, thy coral clasp and amber studs, thy, thy. 263 00:23:57,370 --> 00:24:01,950 So what does this show? It shows like, I mean, 264 00:24:02,030 --> 00:24:08,950 here, what Rani wants to say, that these things 265 00:24:08,950 --> 00:24:16,210 are artificial. Their beauty is artificial. It is 266 00:24:16,210 --> 00:24:18,990 not genuine beauty. Yeah, it is not genuine 267 00:24:18,990 --> 00:24:22,210 because it is not lasting beauty. 268 00:24:38,150 --> 00:24:43,060 And If you go up a little bit, for all the world 269 00:24:43,060 --> 00:24:45,480 and love were young and truth in every show, these 270 00:24:45,480 --> 00:24:49,860 pretty pleasures, the word pretty. When he says 271 00:24:49,860 --> 00:24:53,160 these pretty, does he mean like they are pretty? 272 00:24:54,340 --> 00:24:57,720 So what does he want to say? Like, don't you think 273 00:24:57,720 --> 00:25:00,940 he's sarcastic here? So what does he want to say 274 00:25:00,940 --> 00:25:01,320 exactly? 275 00:25:04,220 --> 00:25:05,060 Yes, please. 276 00:25:08,430 --> 00:25:11,550 Yeah, they're pretty, and they are not pretty. 277 00:25:11,770 --> 00:25:15,490 These pretty, like he was, it's an irony. These 278 00:25:15,490 --> 00:25:19,910 pretty pleasures make me move. Again, he wanted to 279 00:25:19,910 --> 00:25:24,050 say that these things are artificial, are not 280 00:25:24,050 --> 00:25:26,710 genuine, so I'm not coming with you. 281 00:25:29,950 --> 00:25:34,610 If we look at the artistic aspects, I mean, like 282 00:25:34,610 --> 00:25:39,720 the metaphors, like how he employs the metaphors, 283 00:25:40,260 --> 00:25:44,700 how he employs the alliteration, also we see like 284 00:25:44,700 --> 00:25:48,900 he's satirizing him. When he says, time drives the 285 00:25:48,900 --> 00:25:53,040 flux from field to fold. The alliteration here, 286 00:25:53,820 --> 00:26:02,520 you know, the alliteration shows what? Yeah, shows 287 00:26:02,520 --> 00:26:11,600 an image of horror. It reflects how tough, 288 00:26:12,780 --> 00:26:18,220 how fatal will be like the ravages of time. Time 289 00:26:18,220 --> 00:26:24,980 will be destructive. And this toughness, which, 290 00:26:26,520 --> 00:26:31,920 you know, we feel from the alliteration, it 291 00:26:31,920 --> 00:26:39,400 contrasts with the musical tone of Marlow's poem. 292 00:26:39,540 --> 00:26:45,040 If you remember Marlow's poem, it was full of 293 00:26:45,040 --> 00:26:49,740 music. It was full of the singing of the birds, 294 00:26:49,860 --> 00:26:55,820 the madrigals. Here, we have, instead of the 295 00:26:55,820 --> 00:27:01,770 melodious The melodious madrigals, we have time 296 00:27:01,770 --> 00:27:09,130 drives the flux from field to fold, and rivers 297 00:27:09,130 --> 00:27:16,170 rage and rocks grow cold. So the serenity, the 298 00:27:16,170 --> 00:27:23,510 tranquility of Marlow's poem are subverted. 299 00:27:25,560 --> 00:27:29,760 replaced, subverted like they are distorted. By 300 00:27:29,760 --> 00:27:35,540 what? By images, roaring images, by images of 301 00:27:35,540 --> 00:27:36,200 destruction. 302 00:27:39,160 --> 00:27:47,900 Okay. And Philemon becomes dumb. You know, the 303 00:27:47,900 --> 00:27:54,340 singing poet, There we have the poet was singing, 304 00:27:54,920 --> 00:27:59,340 but here the philomel becomes dumb. Here people 305 00:27:59,340 --> 00:28:06,320 are speechless. Why? So like the sense of 306 00:28:06,320 --> 00:28:11,100 security, the sense of tranquility are replaced by 307 00:28:11,100 --> 00:28:17,100 horror and shock. Here there is a shock. Why would 308 00:28:17,100 --> 00:28:23,390 philomel be dumb? Because of the horror of the 309 00:28:23,390 --> 00:28:26,710 upheaval. You know what I mean by upheaval? The 310 00:28:26,710 --> 00:28:30,230 change. It will be global change. You know, 311 00:28:30,330 --> 00:28:34,390 nothing will remain as it is, so the phenomenon 312 00:28:34,390 --> 00:28:40,860 will be done. You know? Again, this is like a 313 00:28:40,860 --> 00:28:44,380 myth. A mythical philomel is a mythical creature, 314 00:28:44,480 --> 00:28:49,420 but philomel means a bird, you know? So you can in 315 00:28:49,420 --> 00:28:53,220 both ways, like the philomel is done because of 316 00:28:53,220 --> 00:28:57,940 the shock out of the horror of the transformation 317 00:28:57,940 --> 00:28:59,000 or the upheaval. 318 00:29:08,860 --> 00:29:14,120 So I think we started to dislike. Huh? We started 319 00:29:14,120 --> 00:29:20,420 to dislike. Marlow's poem started to lose. The 320 00:29:20,420 --> 00:29:25,320 flowers do fade and wanton feels. To weigh word, 321 00:29:25,400 --> 00:29:28,660 winter reckoning yields. A honey tongue. Look, 322 00:29:28,760 --> 00:29:31,940 again, this is another technique. A honey tongue, 323 00:29:32,640 --> 00:29:36,150 a heart of gold. Fancy spring, but soon it falls. 324 00:29:36,590 --> 00:29:41,150 Now, what is he doing? He's juxtaposing. You know 325 00:29:41,150 --> 00:29:44,050 what's been juxtaposed? To put side by side 326 00:29:44,050 --> 00:29:50,650 things. A honey tongue, what is sweet, will be 327 00:29:50,650 --> 00:29:57,800 bitter of gold. What is lovely will be sorrowful 328 00:29:57,800 --> 00:30:02,700 and ugly. So again, the juxtaposition, like the 329 00:30:02,700 --> 00:30:05,880 technique of juxtaposition, like here in this 330 00:30:05,880 --> 00:30:10,920 poem, he juxtaposes beauty with ugliness. He 331 00:30:10,920 --> 00:30:14,680 juxtaposes sweetness with bitterness. So 332 00:30:14,680 --> 00:30:19,620 juxtaposition is like to invalidate, to show that 333 00:30:20,220 --> 00:30:24,360 whatever was beautiful in Marlow is nothing to 334 00:30:24,360 --> 00:30:28,280 show the reality, the opposite reality of Marlow's 335 00:30:28,280 --> 00:30:28,720 assumption. 336 00:30:35,020 --> 00:30:44,060 So as you see here, it's a full parody and you can 337 00:30:45,030 --> 00:30:49,130 Start your writing, how it is a parody, by showing 338 00:30:49,130 --> 00:30:54,610 this. But you can be more organized. You see? You 339 00:30:54,610 --> 00:30:59,450 should show how he is making fun of the 340 00:30:59,450 --> 00:31:03,930 suggestion. He's making fun of the theme itself. 341 00:31:04,450 --> 00:31:10,790 He's making fun of all the promises. So the 342 00:31:10,790 --> 00:31:15,180 promises, which were very enticing, are becoming 343 00:31:15,180 --> 00:31:19,440 repugnant. So what has been enticing, you know 344 00:31:19,440 --> 00:31:23,480 what's been enticing, tempting in Marlow is 345 00:31:23,480 --> 00:31:28,060 becoming here repugnant. Repugnant like hateful, 346 00:31:28,180 --> 00:31:30,600 something we don't like, repugnant. 347 00:31:43,310 --> 00:31:46,830 Yeah, repugnant. So I think the cup of flowers, 348 00:31:47,950 --> 00:31:51,470 the curtain, which was made of myrtle, are now 349 00:31:51,470 --> 00:31:56,070 what? They are things which they, they, we don't 350 00:31:56,070 --> 00:32:00,030 like them. They are no longer tempting. They are 351 00:32:00,030 --> 00:32:03,270 no longer enticing. On the contrary, they are 352 00:32:03,270 --> 00:32:06,870 images of horror and death. They are images of 353 00:32:06,870 --> 00:32:12,990 transience. So like here, you see, he rallies by 354 00:32:12,990 --> 00:32:17,530 doing this. He undermines everything. He 355 00:32:17,530 --> 00:32:20,610 satirizes. He mocks. He rebukes. This is what I 356 00:32:20,610 --> 00:32:26,010 want you to do when you write the parody. Okay, 357 00:32:26,250 --> 00:32:29,450 this is about the parody. Now we have some time to 358 00:32:29,450 --> 00:32:32,750 talk about, because this is like your reflection, 359 00:32:32,950 --> 00:32:36,170 will be your reflection. So I want you to compare 360 00:32:36,170 --> 00:32:39,950 and to contrast between the two poems. And when 361 00:32:39,950 --> 00:32:43,470 you are writing a comparison, you know, I want you 362 00:32:43,470 --> 00:32:46,410 like to take into consideration one. So when you 363 00:32:46,410 --> 00:32:50,080 are contrasting and Comparing. What are you going 364 00:32:50,080 --> 00:32:54,220 to do? And I think here, you have to contrast more 365 00:32:54,220 --> 00:33:00,300 than compare. But there are, you know, when I say 366 00:33:00,300 --> 00:33:03,560 compare, you talk about similarities. Contrast 367 00:33:03,560 --> 00:33:11,940 talk about, you know, yes, differences. You can do 368 00:33:11,940 --> 00:33:15,360 this by writing paragraph about the theme of this 369 00:33:15,360 --> 00:33:18,480 poem and writing a paragraph about the theme of 370 00:33:18,480 --> 00:33:21,120 this poem, by writing a paragraph about the tone 371 00:33:21,120 --> 00:33:23,940 of this poem, by writing another paragraph. This 372 00:33:23,940 --> 00:33:27,580 is like block. You assume the block. But if you 373 00:33:27,580 --> 00:33:32,320 want to, you know, to take the point and mix them, 374 00:33:32,500 --> 00:33:35,400 it's okay. It's up to you. You say, okay, the tone 375 00:33:35,400 --> 00:33:40,630 of Marlon's poem is so-and-so. While the tone of, 376 00:33:40,870 --> 00:33:45,050 you know, you can use while, whereas, on one hand, 377 00:33:45,150 --> 00:33:48,790 on the other hand, like these transitional words 378 00:33:48,790 --> 00:33:51,470 you are familiar with in your writing courses. 379 00:33:52,210 --> 00:33:55,850 Okay. So when you want to compare and contrast, 380 00:33:58,390 --> 00:34:03,030 what do you want to compare? I think you can 381 00:34:03,030 --> 00:34:12,970 compare Yeah, the theme. The theme. The rhyme. The 382 00:34:12,970 --> 00:34:13,270 rhythm. 383 00:34:16,030 --> 00:34:20,850 You can talk about figures of speech. I mean, the 384 00:34:20,850 --> 00:34:25,230 style. The style in general. The style includes 385 00:34:25,230 --> 00:34:29,230 figures of speech, includes alliteration, includes 386 00:34:29,230 --> 00:34:34,950 sound, music. What else? So we have the theme. 387 00:34:38,210 --> 00:34:40,670 Yeah, when you talk about the language, we are 388 00:34:40,670 --> 00:34:47,310 talking about the style. The theme. The tone. What 389 00:34:47,310 --> 00:34:49,730 is the tone, by the way? When we say the tone, 390 00:34:49,810 --> 00:34:53,910 what is the tone? Like usually people are mixing 391 00:34:53,910 --> 00:34:57,830 between the tone and attitude. What is a tone? 392 00:35:01,850 --> 00:35:02,950 And what is attitude? 393 00:35:06,850 --> 00:35:10,610 What is the tone and what is the attitude? What is 394 00:35:10,610 --> 00:35:13,690 the difference between the two? Yes? 395 00:35:16,610 --> 00:35:25,730 The tone. The tone is the impact of the words on 396 00:35:25,730 --> 00:35:31,080 us. the impact of the words on us. Like you look 397 00:35:31,080 --> 00:35:37,000 at a text and you see the happy child was smiling 398 00:35:37,000 --> 00:35:41,900 at his mom and started laughing and you know, like 399 00:35:41,900 --> 00:35:47,480 so the words smile, laugh, happy, you know, have 400 00:35:47,480 --> 00:35:52,740 what on us. So we call this tone as happy tone. 401 00:35:53,260 --> 00:35:58,500 cheerful tone. But when we have the crying, the 402 00:35:58,500 --> 00:36:02,000 tears, you know, it is sad. So if you look at the 403 00:36:02,000 --> 00:36:06,940 words in Marlow's poem, the tone of the whole text 404 00:36:06,940 --> 00:36:11,420 is very happy, jovial, cheerful. Look at the 405 00:36:11,420 --> 00:36:14,480 words, the happy, the birds, this way, you know, 406 00:36:14,780 --> 00:36:18,360 the singing of the swains, you know, so the tone 407 00:36:18,360 --> 00:36:24,660 is happy. But in Marlow, The tone is very sad. 408 00:36:25,340 --> 00:36:34,240 Very sad. Okay. The attitude. You know how the 409 00:36:34,240 --> 00:36:41,880 poet feels towards something. How the poet feels 410 00:36:41,880 --> 00:36:45,120 towards something. 445 00:39:33,060 --> 00:39:37,260 between a parody and a comparison. In the parody, 446 00:39:37,920 --> 00:39:44,300 I look how you use these words. If you say this 447 00:39:44,300 --> 00:39:47,280 poem is lovely or the other, you're not writing it 448 00:39:47,280 --> 00:39:49,220 or you're not speaking about the parody, but you 449 00:39:49,220 --> 00:39:53,220 are comparing and contrasting. So I think this is 450 00:39:53,220 --> 00:39:56,560 enough for today. If you have any question, let me 451 00:39:56,560 --> 00:40:02,660 know, please. No questions. Today, I know I forgot 452 00:40:02,660 --> 00:40:07,020 the report, but it doesn't mean that, I don't know 453 00:40:07,020 --> 00:40:10,380 how I forgot the report. So let's do it like this 454 00:40:10,380 --> 00:40:13,160 time differently. We need somebody to read her 455 00:40:13,160 --> 00:40:16,740 report now. If anybody is willing to read her 456 00:40:16,740 --> 00:40:21,940 report, it would be funny. Is anybody willing? 457 00:40:23,300 --> 00:40:23,920 Yes. Okay. 458 00:40:27,160 --> 00:40:31,480 So this is a deviation from the norm. We are 459 00:40:31,480 --> 00:40:35,360 deviating from the norm. Every time we're having 460 00:40:35,360 --> 00:40:38,640 the report, At the beginning, now let's see the 461 00:40:38,640 --> 00:40:44,020 report at the end. Daily Report. When I wrote my 462 00:40:44,020 --> 00:40:47,840 daily report, I feel confused. That because when I 463 00:40:47,840 --> 00:40:51,160 wrote it, I measure myself walking in a long road. 464 00:40:51,480 --> 00:40:55,280 I mean, I find many difficulties when writing it 465 00:40:55,280 --> 00:40:58,360 because it is a kind of brainstorming and needs 466 00:40:58,360 --> 00:41:01,720 serious thinking a little bit. However, I like 467 00:41:01,720 --> 00:41:05,680 this task because I discovered that it has special 468 00:41:05,680 --> 00:41:09,220 taste. And also because I hate the method of 469 00:41:09,220 --> 00:41:13,070 cutting based. Regarding to the previous lecture, 470 00:41:13,310 --> 00:41:15,710 it was like something has a special sight of 471 00:41:15,710 --> 00:41:20,970 beauty. That because we began the lecture by 472 00:41:20,970 --> 00:41:24,110 saying the report and then students said her 473 00:41:24,110 --> 00:41:27,790 response which was beautiful and funny. Then Mr. 474 00:41:27,850 --> 00:41:31,210 Habib asked several questions and gave us many 475 00:41:31,210 --> 00:41:34,530 chances to think deeply, so we began to understand 476 00:41:34,530 --> 00:41:38,360 the poem and think seriously. After that, the 477 00:41:38,360 --> 00:41:42,040 teacher thanked us because of our efforts. Also, 478 00:41:42,140 --> 00:41:44,980 he motivated and encouraged us by saying you 479 00:41:44,980 --> 00:41:47,820 should always follow this method. In short, the 480 00:41:47,820 --> 00:41:51,420 lecture was so amazing and nice that we felt 481 00:41:51,420 --> 00:41:55,580 excited and did not feel in that period of that 482 00:41:55,580 --> 00:41:57,980 time. Okay, thank you very much. Do you want like 483 00:41:57,980 --> 00:42:03,260 to read yours? Okay. Is anybody willing? Yes? 484 00:42:03,360 --> 00:42:03,600 Okay. 485 00:42:09,480 --> 00:42:13,800 At night, when I came to write my daily report, at 486 00:42:13,800 --> 00:42:18,360 night, when I came to write my daily report, I 487 00:42:18,360 --> 00:42:20,680 decided to write about what happened in Arab world 488 00:42:20,680 --> 00:42:23,700 last week. As a Palestinian people, we hadn't 489 00:42:23,700 --> 00:42:26,400 heard on the following news for a long time. But 490 00:42:26,400 --> 00:42:30,880 when the exchange prisoner deal achieved between 491 00:42:30,880 --> 00:42:35,140 Hamas and Israel government with Egyptian eye, 492 00:42:35,900 --> 00:42:40,160 mediation with Egyptian mediation. The Palestinian 493 00:42:40,160 --> 00:42:45,400 city had celebrated in the national wedding a 494 00:42:45,400 --> 00:42:48,520 request to release about more than 1,000 495 00:42:48,520 --> 00:42:51,200 Palestinian prisoners of the Israeli prisons. 496 00:42:52,680 --> 00:42:57,500 Through this happy news, the education minister 497 00:42:57,500 --> 00:43:01,220 and others announced a vacation of three days. 498 00:43:01,960 --> 00:43:05,020 Also, among this happy news, we hear the falling 499 00:43:05,020 --> 00:43:09,920 of Gaddafi's body and his guards among the Libyan 500 00:43:09,920 --> 00:43:13,540 rebels. And we hope to listen more, more happy 501 00:43:13,540 --> 00:43:16,240 news. Yeah, and Gaddafi has to do with Raleigh 502 00:43:16,240 --> 00:43:18,980 because, you know, Gaddafi thought, like Marlow, 503 00:43:19,060 --> 00:43:24,320 that life and palaces will remain forever. You 504 00:43:24,320 --> 00:43:29,220 know, yesterday I read an article, من القصر إلى 505 00:43:29,220 --> 00:43:34,740 السرداب إلى القبر. So I changed it in my mind, من 506 00:43:34,740 --> 00:43:39,640 القصر إلى الوكر ثم القبر. Because this is how it 507 00:43:39,640 --> 00:43:44,440 should be like this. And we hope to listen more 508 00:43:44,440 --> 00:43:46,760 happy news about the Arab leaders following 509 00:43:46,760 --> 00:43:50,900 scenario in Arab Spring Revolution. 510 00:43:54,030 --> 00:43:57,590 Although the winter season will soon, the spring 511 00:43:57,590 --> 00:44:00,730 revolution will continue. In the other hand, about 512 00:44:00,730 --> 00:44:03,210 pottery class, last class we started a new poem 513 00:44:03,210 --> 00:44:06,810 for Dari. Yes, and we finished it today. Thank you 514 00:44:06,810 --> 00:44:09,470 very much. Good. Thank you and take care. Okay, 515 00:44:10,190 --> 00:44:11,590 see you next time, Inshallah.