1
00:00:12,640 --> 00:00:18,580
Who are you today? Good. Are you excited because

2
00:00:18,580 --> 00:00:22,060
it's the beginning of the week? Why?

3
00:00:24,760 --> 00:00:30,240
I know exams, midterm exams, but You should be

4
00:00:30,240 --> 00:00:35,340
very careful. If you absent yourself because of

5
00:00:35,340 --> 00:00:38,800
the midterm exam, you will be in trouble. I'm

6
00:00:38,800 --> 00:00:42,980
telling you. So today, please take all the names

7
00:00:42,980 --> 00:00:47,200
of those who are attending. See? Just pass a sheet

8
00:00:47,200 --> 00:00:51,780
to take all the names. Because the midterms will

9
00:00:51,780 --> 00:00:55,820
be given over more than a month. And we don't have

10
00:00:55,820 --> 00:00:59,540
time to waste. The midterm should be given under

11
00:00:59,540 --> 00:01:04,860
the pressure of the exams. So be careful, do not

12
00:01:04,860 --> 00:01:08,200
absent yourself till the other people like to come

13
00:01:08,200 --> 00:01:15,040
to class regularly. Good. So today as usual, we're

14
00:01:15,040 --> 00:01:20,920
going to listen to one or two reports. After that,

15
00:01:21,640 --> 00:01:25,180
we're going again to listen to a response or two.

16
00:01:26,550 --> 00:01:29,850
And then I'll be asking you general questions about

17
00:01:29,850 --> 00:01:34,490
your response to the poem. I mean, poem 65, which

18
00:01:34,490 --> 00:01:39,590
I asked you to prepare. After that, we'll be

19
00:01:39,590 --> 00:01:47,270
explaining the theme and perhaps certain aesthetic

20
00:01:47,270 --> 00:01:55,780
elements in that poem. Okay? Good. Let's see. One

21
00:01:55,780 --> 00:01:57,340
who is willing to report.

22
00:01:59,940 --> 00:02:05,300
Yes? Who wants to read a report? Yes, please.

23
00:02:14,960 --> 00:02:18,200
Say good morning, how are you? You should say

24
00:02:18,200 --> 00:02:23,980
that, yes? Not last lecture. Go ahead. Last

25
00:02:23,980 --> 00:02:27,000
lecture, the teacher came and started his lecture

26
00:02:27,000 --> 00:02:30,860
by asking how we are doing. Then he asked how do

27
00:02:30,860 --> 00:02:34,160
we feel, how do we feel, how do we feel, do we

28
00:02:34,160 --> 00:02:37,580
find poetry. Then he asked us how we find poetry

29
00:02:37,580 --> 00:02:40,810
because this is indirect question. Okay. Some

30
00:02:40,810 --> 00:02:43,730
students answered positively and some negatively.

31
00:02:44,310 --> 00:02:47,050
The teacher continued his lecture by talking about

32
00:02:47,050 --> 00:02:50,630
Shakespeare's sonnet, Shall I Compare Thee to a

33
00:02:50,630 --> 00:02:53,530
Summer's Day. He finished it and told us to write

34
00:02:53,530 --> 00:02:58,110
a short paragraph about the theme of the poem, and

35
00:02:58,110 --> 00:03:00,990
it must be ready next time. Anyway, last lecture

36
00:03:00,990 --> 00:03:04,480
was interesting. Because the poem was for

37
00:03:04,480 --> 00:03:07,640
Shakespeare and I like all his writings such as

38
00:03:07,640 --> 00:03:11,300
plays and poetry He's good and he's a good writer

39
00:03:11,300 --> 00:03:14,080
and skillful. I hope to have a skill like him.

40
00:03:14,140 --> 00:03:20,340
Okay. Thank you very much. Yes, Yes, please come and

41
00:03:20,340 --> 00:03:29,080
report, you you, yes. Okay. 

42
00:03:29,080 --> 00:03:35,270
Just I'll see you later. What about you there? 

43
00:03:37,670 --> 00:03:42,270
Okay. So, yes, you come.

44
00:03:46,810 --> 00:03:49,690
Those who have reports, please bring it now here.

45
00:03:50,210 --> 00:03:53,990
Okay? Bring it now. Those who have reports, all of

46
00:03:53,990 --> 00:03:56,570
them, bring them here. The reports for the day.

47
00:03:57,530 --> 00:04:01,910
Okay? Bring all your reports here today.

48
00:04:05,700 --> 00:04:09,060
Just like, yes, okay. Sit down, sit down, sit

49
00:04:09,060 --> 00:04:12,580
down. Now, later I'll take them. It was strange

50
00:04:12,580 --> 00:04:15,420
when Dr. Akram asked for responses, not daily

51
00:04:15,420 --> 00:04:18,480
reports, because it was the second lecture on the

52
00:04:18,480 --> 00:04:20,880
poem. But the responses were nice because they

53
00:04:20,880 --> 00:04:23,900
refreshed our minds about the poem. The teacher

54
00:04:23,900 --> 00:04:26,720
read the poem in many different ways, and he asked

55
00:04:26,720 --> 00:04:28,900
us to choose the most suitable reading for the

56
00:04:28,900 --> 00:04:31,640
poem. He gave us a universal discussion for the

57
00:04:31,640 --> 00:04:34,140
poem, including the theme, attitudes, and figures

58
00:04:34,140 --> 00:04:37,440
of speech. The laughable thing which happened with

59
00:04:37,440 --> 00:04:40,600
me many times that when I wanted to answer, the

60
00:04:40,600 --> 00:04:42,820
teacher's phone rang. So I need to repeat my

61
00:04:42,820 --> 00:04:45,540
answers many times. It was nice when Dr. Akram

62
00:04:45,540 --> 00:04:48,760
postponed the time of exam and reflection, and at

63
00:04:48,760 --> 00:04:51,940
the end of the class, he asked for the second

64
00:04:51,940 --> 00:04:54,400
semester for Shakespeare to be prepared. Thank

65
00:04:54,400 --> 00:04:54,580
you.

66
00:05:00,360 --> 00:05:02,800
You know, in the class, like everybody should be

67
00:05:02,800 --> 00:05:08,030
punctual. You see? When I say you have to write

68
00:05:08,030 --> 00:05:11,390
reports, you have to write. Here you are coming

69
00:05:11,390 --> 00:05:14,030
without writing reports, without writing response,

70
00:05:14,370 --> 00:05:18,110
so you are not entitled to having the marks for

71
00:05:18,110 --> 00:05:20,450
these activities.

72
00:05:23,650 --> 00:05:29,050
Anyway, let's see now. Yes, I asked you to write a

73
00:05:29,050 --> 00:05:34,820
paragraph about the theme of the power. So let's

74
00:05:34,820 --> 00:05:41,320
see a theme. I want to read it myself. Yes, those

75
00:05:41,320 --> 00:05:44,820
who prepared a theme. Yes, give me your theme,

76
00:05:44,960 --> 00:05:45,180
please.

77
00:05:50,780 --> 00:05:55,420
Just try to read it. Okay, read it. You are the

78
00:05:55,420 --> 00:05:58,200
same student? Okay, she's lucky.

79
00:06:01,150 --> 00:06:03,590
It's a nice poem for Shakespeare in which he wants

80
00:06:03,590 --> 00:06:05,910
to express the theme of immortality.

81
00:06:10,470 --> 00:06:14,330
He wants to express the immortality of his

82
00:06:14,330 --> 00:06:16,890
friend's beauty through immortality of his poetry.

83
00:06:17,350 --> 00:06:20,010
And to express his theme, he uses simple language

84
00:06:20,010 --> 00:06:22,250
unsuitable to the course of his speech. Also, he

85
00:06:22,250 --> 00:06:27,650
chooses a logical... Allegorical. Yes. So here, I

86
00:06:27,650 --> 00:06:30,570
asked you to talk about the theme, but you started

87
00:06:30,570 --> 00:06:35,410
to talk about the style. Yes, but they support the

88
00:06:35,410 --> 00:06:38,350
theme. Okay, so you want to support the theme. But

89
00:06:38,350 --> 00:06:41,250
could you tell me what is the theme in just a

90
00:06:41,250 --> 00:06:44,650
couple of words? Immortality of his friend's

91
00:06:44,650 --> 00:06:48,210
beauty through his poetry, power of poetry. Okay,

92
00:06:48,610 --> 00:06:51,010
so this is like immortality of the beauty of his

93
00:06:51,010 --> 00:06:54,730
friend through his poetry. Now, do you buy this?

94
00:06:54,850 --> 00:06:57,190
Do you think that Shakespeare is trying to

95
00:06:57,190 --> 00:07:00,370
immortalize the beauty of his friend through his

96
00:07:00,370 --> 00:07:04,540
poetry? Or does Shakespeare like mean something

97
00:07:04,540 --> 00:07:04,940
else?

98
00:07:08,060 --> 00:07:10,040
Don't you think that Shakespeare wants to

99
00:07:10,040 --> 00:07:13,280
immortalize himself? Yes.

100
00:07:18,380 --> 00:07:19,020
Yes.

101
00:07:22,620 --> 00:07:26,480
Okay. But do you remember what the last line, how

102
00:07:26,480 --> 00:07:31,460
the last line, so long as men can breathe, so long

103
00:07:32,770 --> 00:07:39,110
Live this, and this gives life to thee. So, like,

104
00:07:39,350 --> 00:07:43,750
who's bragging here? He's bragging. Shakespeare is

105
00:07:43,750 --> 00:07:47,550
bragging. Why is he bragging? Because his poetry

106
00:07:47,550 --> 00:07:53,350
will remain immortal. So I think this line might

107
00:07:53,350 --> 00:07:57,210
give us a twist about the real theme, which is,

108
00:07:57,550 --> 00:08:00,150
you know, the immortality of Shakespeare's poetry.

109
00:08:01,290 --> 00:08:05,250
Yes, he's trying to immortalize the beauty of his

110
00:08:05,250 --> 00:08:08,490
friend. Yes, the summer of his friend will be

111
00:08:08,490 --> 00:08:12,710
immortal, you know, through his poetry. But, you

112
00:08:12,710 --> 00:08:16,050
know, in the couplet of this stanza, Shakespeare

113
00:08:16,050 --> 00:08:21,410
is stressing, is bragging that his poetry will

114
00:08:21,410 --> 00:08:27,150
last forever. Yes, okay? Yes. Yes, biological

115
00:08:27,150 --> 00:08:30,190
organization of standards starting by comparing

116
00:08:30,190 --> 00:08:32,910
between his friend and the summer's day till he

117
00:08:32,910 --> 00:08:35,130
reached to the solution in the couplet. Yes, it is

118
00:08:35,130 --> 00:08:41,550
good here to follow how Shakespeare comes to this

119
00:08:41,550 --> 00:08:45,530
conclusion. I like it because it's an argument. So

120
00:08:45,530 --> 00:08:48,130
in the first quatrain, what is he saying? In the

121
00:08:48,130 --> 00:08:50,830
second quatrain, what is he saying? In the third

122
00:08:50,830 --> 00:08:54,330
and in the couplet, he's concluding all the

123
00:08:54,330 --> 00:08:58,050
argument. Do you remember what he said in the

124
00:08:58,050 --> 00:09:04,470
first quatrain? In the first quatrain, I think he

125
00:09:04,470 --> 00:09:09,890
declined to compare.

126
00:09:10,820 --> 00:09:16,580
Then he started to enlist the reasons why he

127
00:09:16,580 --> 00:09:21,080
wouldn't. You know, then in the third quatrain, he

128
00:09:21,080 --> 00:09:26,560
started to pledge, to vow that she, that the

129
00:09:26,560 --> 00:09:29,920
beauty of his friend will be immortal. And

130
00:09:29,920 --> 00:09:34,920
finally, in the couplet, he said, how? See? So it

131
00:09:34,920 --> 00:09:37,520
was very organized. Good. Thank you very much.

132
00:09:43,400 --> 00:09:46,940
I know today we are approaching two poems, but I

133
00:09:46,940 --> 00:09:49,760
see some students like little bit surprised

134
00:09:49,760 --> 00:09:52,540
because they thought we're not doing this poem.

135
00:09:53,760 --> 00:09:59,060
You know? I remember I told you like to prepare

136
00:09:59,060 --> 00:10:08,620
the next sonnet, which is 65. Okay? Now, how did

137
00:10:08,620 --> 00:10:11,880
you find like those who prepared? How did you find

138
00:10:11,880 --> 00:10:12,420
the sonnet?

139
00:10:15,880 --> 00:10:25,520
Yes, yes please it is a kind of it makes me so

140
00:10:25,520 --> 00:10:27,740
frightened for the idea of mortality like

141
00:10:27,740 --> 00:10:30,600
everything is going to end yes so you were

142
00:10:30,600 --> 00:10:37,440
frightened, yeah, okay good, yes. I find it more close

143
00:10:37,440 --> 00:10:40,720
to the last sonnet and if you want to assure in

144
00:10:40,720 --> 00:10:44,690
power surround that he would be immortal by his

145
00:10:44,690 --> 00:10:47,670
poetry. So I like the way you are connecting

146
00:10:47,670 --> 00:10:52,550
between sonnet 18 and sonnet 65. Yes?

147
00:10:59,090 --> 00:11:05,310
Okay, have you read the poem aloud? Have you read

148
00:11:05,310 --> 00:11:08,030
the poem aloud? How was it like?

149
00:11:11,340 --> 00:11:12,040
Too sad.

150
00:11:15,480 --> 00:11:16,300
Okay,

151
00:11:18,540 --> 00:11:22,540
I like it. The poet seems to be frustrated because

152
00:11:22,540 --> 00:11:23,200
of?

153
00:11:26,640 --> 00:11:29,420
Excellent. But did he remain frustrated?

154
00:11:37,880 --> 00:11:40,480
Do you agree with her that the whole atmosphere of

155
00:11:40,480 --> 00:11:44,200
the poem is gloomy? Okay.

156
00:11:48,060 --> 00:11:54,360
What about this? Oh none, unless this miracle have

157
00:11:54,360 --> 00:11:59,100
might, that in black ink my love may still shine

158
00:11:59,100 --> 00:12:02,920
bright. What about this? You know? What about

159
00:12:02,920 --> 00:12:10,250
this? Is he still? Yes? So it's okay, yeah, the

160
00:12:10,250 --> 00:12:13,870
atmosphere of the poem is frightening, but you

161
00:12:13,870 --> 00:12:19,490
know, the poem ends in a hopeful note. Yes?

162
00:12:25,390 --> 00:12:29,110
So he's,

163
00:12:30,090 --> 00:12:32,390
it is a recurrent theme, you know? It is the same

164
00:12:32,390 --> 00:12:33,330
theme, you know?

165
00:12:40,060 --> 00:12:40,880
Okay,

166
00:12:49,600 --> 00:12:53,760
so it is, you know, a repeated theme, but the

167
00:12:53,760 --> 00:12:56,940
question is Shakespeare repeating himself, you

168
00:12:56,940 --> 00:13:01,060
know? Now, if yes, is he repeating in the same

169
00:13:01,060 --> 00:13:04,980
form? Because sometimes you might say or you might

170
00:13:04,980 --> 00:13:09,280
express the same idea by different ways. So if

171
00:13:09,280 --> 00:13:11,580
Shakespeare is expressing his idea in the same

172
00:13:11,580 --> 00:13:15,120
way, so he's boring and he's not worthy reading.

173
00:13:15,860 --> 00:13:19,680
So I think it is a different image. But let's, you

174
00:13:19,680 --> 00:13:22,240
know, I want, like, to read the poem aloud for

175
00:13:22,240 --> 00:13:25,740
you. And after that, I'll be, like, giving you a

176
00:13:25,740 --> 00:13:32,880
task. This task is just to try to categorize the

177
00:13:32,880 --> 00:13:38,560
forces, I mean, all the forces that have to do

178
00:13:38,560 --> 00:13:40,520
with the power or the elements that have to do

179
00:13:40,520 --> 00:13:44,740
with power, and all the elements that have to do

180
00:13:44,740 --> 00:13:48,560
with weakness. So we have strong elements and weak

181
00:13:48,560 --> 00:13:53,060
elements. So I want you to enlist and to see what

182
00:13:53,060 --> 00:13:56,980
is like feeble, what is weak, what is fragile, and

183
00:13:56,980 --> 00:14:00,120
then what is strong, what is impregnable. Okay?

184
00:14:07,560 --> 00:14:14,660
Since brass nor stone nor earth nor boundless sea,

185
00:14:16,120 --> 00:14:21,520
but sad mortality oversways their power. How with

186
00:14:21,520 --> 00:14:26,360
this rage shall a beauty hold a plea whose action

187
00:14:26,360 --> 00:14:31,460
is no stronger than a flower? Or how shall

188
00:14:31,460 --> 00:14:35,780
someone's honey breath hold out against the

189
00:14:35,780 --> 00:14:39,820
reckless siege of battering days when rocks

190
00:14:39,820 --> 00:14:44,760
impregnable are not so stout nor gates of steel so

191
00:14:44,760 --> 00:14:50,820
strong but time decays oh fearful meditation oh

192
00:14:50,820 --> 00:14:54,660
fearful meditation where alack shall times best

193
00:14:54,660 --> 00:14:59,640
jewel from times just lighted Or what strong hand?

194
00:15:00,000 --> 00:15:03,540
Or what strong hand can hold his swift foot back?

195
00:15:04,020 --> 00:15:09,300
Or who his spool of beauty can forbid? Oh

223
00:17:55,880 --> 00:17:56,260
Plea.

224
00:17:59,640 --> 00:18:03,520
I don't think, yes, plea, it has to do with, you

225
00:18:03,520 --> 00:18:06,940
know, plea. Because when you are having a plea,

226
00:18:07,240 --> 00:18:12,940
you want to defend yourself. What else? What about

227
00:18:12,940 --> 00:18:19,540
black ink? What is ink? Yeah, I know. Is it strong

228
00:18:19,540 --> 00:18:26,380
or weak? Weak. Now somebody says no. If you are in

229
00:18:26,380 --> 00:18:28,440
India and you say like this, it means you agree.

230
00:18:29,610 --> 00:18:33,930
But you disagree, yes? Yes. So why? I think it has

231
00:18:33,930 --> 00:18:37,210
to do with the strength. It has to do with the

232
00:18:37,210 --> 00:18:43,910
strength. Power. Okay, yeah. Like why? I have no

233
00:18:43,910 --> 00:18:49,190
idea. So why, you know? Maybe ink is there for

234
00:18:49,190 --> 00:18:54,890
everything. So if we are looking at ink, because

235
00:18:54,890 --> 00:18:57,370
you know, what is going to be written in black

236
00:18:57,370 --> 00:19:01,910
ink, it is a metonymy of his poetry, so his poetry

237
00:19:01,910 --> 00:19:08,270
here is going to surpass all these elements. Good.

238
00:19:09,250 --> 00:19:15,210
I think before just going through the poem, let's

239
00:19:15,210 --> 00:19:20,640
see here what is Being perceived as a source of

240
00:19:20,640 --> 00:19:26,660
power and strength is proven to be like what?

241
00:19:26,840 --> 00:19:31,120
Feeble, fragile. And what is fragile, like the

242
00:19:31,120 --> 00:19:35,200
ink, which is feeble, is going to be very strong.

243
00:19:35,500 --> 00:19:39,320
So we have a reversal of the code, you know? We

244
00:19:39,320 --> 00:19:42,560
have a reversal in the semantic code of the words

245
00:19:42,560 --> 00:19:46,340
themselves. I mean, they are reversed. What is

246
00:19:46,340 --> 00:19:50,880
strong, what appears to be strong will be weak,

247
00:19:51,180 --> 00:19:54,660
and what appears to be weak will be strong. So

248
00:19:54,660 --> 00:20:01,260
this is a reversal. But now I think, you know, let

249
00:20:01,260 --> 00:20:09,020
us see what is brass, like sometimes words are

250
00:20:09,020 --> 00:20:10,600
associated with the meaning. What is brass

251
00:20:10,600 --> 00:20:17,350
associated with? Since brass,stone and earth nor

252
00:20:17,350 --> 00:20:20,190
boundless sea, but sad mortality overswathes their

253
00:20:20,190 --> 00:20:22,950
power. So here you have a confrontation.

254
00:20:24,370 --> 00:20:27,390
Shakespeare is giving us an image of

255
00:20:27,390 --> 00:20:30,830
confrontation, you know, between what and what.

256
00:20:32,370 --> 00:20:39,190
Sad mortality is doing what? Sweeps the power of

257
00:20:39,190 --> 00:20:47,310
what? Brass? Stone? And boundless sea. Okay. And

258
00:20:47,310 --> 00:20:50,110
now it's a battle. It's like a battle, yes? Do you

259
00:20:50,110 --> 00:20:58,150
imagine how sad mortality is like very violent and

260
00:20:58,150 --> 00:21:02,690
is doing what? Destroys everything. Since brass,

261
00:21:03,270 --> 00:21:07,930
nor stone, nor earth, nor boundless sea, but sad

262
00:21:07,930 --> 00:21:11,650
mortality oversways their power. So who's the

263
00:21:11,650 --> 00:21:12,370
strongest here?

264
00:21:15,240 --> 00:21:17,340
Yes, sad mortality. What is sad mortality? A

265
00:21:17,340 --> 00:21:22,320
metonymy of? Death. Wow. So death is very

266
00:21:22,320 --> 00:21:26,000
powerful. Death, which was bragging in the

267
00:21:26,000 --> 00:21:31,820
previous stanza, is still now, you know, seen as a

268
00:21:31,820 --> 00:21:36,300
very ruthless power which oversways everything,

269
00:21:36,720 --> 00:21:41,500
like stones, brass, you know, earth, et cetera.

270
00:21:41,860 --> 00:21:46,310
But let me go back to my question. The words brass

271
00:21:46,310 --> 00:21:49,030
and stone are always associated with what?

272
00:21:50,830 --> 00:22:02,930
Buildings? Buildings? Power? Why power? We use

273
00:22:02,930 --> 00:22:06,550
metals. And sometimes like, do you know the Statue

274
00:22:06,550 --> 00:22:09,990
of Liberty? What are statues? If you have been to

275
00:22:09,990 --> 00:22:13,910
Cairo, you will see many statues. The statues are

276
00:22:13,910 --> 00:22:18,950
made of what? Either brass, steel, copper, you

277
00:22:18,950 --> 00:22:24,090
know, or stone. So because those things, I mean

278
00:22:24,090 --> 00:22:29,850
brass, stone, were used in making up statues. So

279
00:22:29,850 --> 00:22:32,790
they are linked with the idea of immortality. So

280
00:22:32,790 --> 00:22:39,690
people have been using these elements in building

281
00:22:39,690 --> 00:22:44,850
statues in order to defy Did you see the statue of

282
00:22:44,850 --> 00:22:48,610
Gaddafi? Did you see his head, which was made of

283
00:22:48,610 --> 00:22:58,090
gold? Yeah. So Gaddafi thought that this statue

284
00:22:58,090 --> 00:23:05,080
will immortalize him. But he was mistaken. because

285
00:23:05,080 --> 00:23:09,260
death was more powerful. So Shakespeare realized

286
00:23:09,260 --> 00:23:13,360
that death was more powerful than all those

287
00:23:13,360 --> 00:23:19,460
elements, since brass nor stone, like it is, you

288
00:23:19,460 --> 00:23:22,980
know, an assumption. Shakespeare assumes that all

289
00:23:22,980 --> 00:23:27,780
these powerful things will be weak, feeble, you

290
00:23:27,780 --> 00:23:33,600
know, in the face of sad mortality. And then, how

291
00:23:33,600 --> 00:23:37,240
with this rage shall beauty hold a plea? So

292
00:23:37,240 --> 00:23:41,780
Shakespeare is asking a question. This poem is

293
00:23:41,780 --> 00:23:46,120
full of rhetorical questions. You know what I

294
00:23:46,120 --> 00:23:49,420
mean? Rhetorical questions. Questions that do not

295
00:23:49,420 --> 00:23:52,660
need answers.

296
00:23:52,960 --> 00:23:55,400
How many questions do we have? I want you to look

297
00:23:55,400 --> 00:23:58,040
at the poem and tell me how many questions do we

298
00:23:58,040 --> 00:23:59,880
have. Look here.

299
00:24:03,060 --> 00:24:10,260
How with this rage? Five equations. Or how? Let's

300
00:24:10,260 --> 00:24:12,740
see one. How with this rage shall beauty hold a

301
00:24:12,740 --> 00:24:13,660
plea? One.

302
00:24:16,780 --> 00:24:19,140
Whose action is no stronger than a flower?

303
00:24:21,900 --> 00:24:27,610
Or how shall summer's honey breath hold out? Okay?

304
00:24:29,430 --> 00:24:30,070
You know?

305
00:24:33,370 --> 00:24:38,650
No, no, no. It's like here, look here. Yes, we

306
00:24:38,650 --> 00:24:41,990
have five questions. This is the first question.

307
00:24:42,590 --> 00:24:45,870
How with this trade shall beauty hold a plea? This

308
00:24:45,870 --> 00:24:50,290
is whose action is relatively close. It is not a

309
00:24:50,290 --> 00:24:53,970
question. This is question number two. How shall

310
00:24:53,970 --> 00:24:57,920
summer's honey breath hold out? Against the

311
00:24:57,920 --> 00:25:00,180
reckful siege of battering day, these are not

312
00:25:00,180 --> 00:25:03,220
questions, where rocks impregnable are not stouts

313
00:25:03,220 --> 00:25:08,060
nor gates of steel so strong, but time decays. O

314
00:25:08,060 --> 00:25:11,240
fearful meditation, what a lack! This is like the

315
00:25:11,240 --> 00:25:14,600
third question. Shall time's best jewel from

316
00:25:14,600 --> 00:25:18,400
time's chest lie head? Or what strong hand? Like

317
00:25:18,400 --> 00:25:21,980
the fourth question. Or who? The fifth question.

318
00:25:22,340 --> 00:25:27,620
So we have five rhetorical questions. So these

319
00:25:27,620 --> 00:25:31,620
questions like, what is he asking in these

320
00:25:31,620 --> 00:25:35,780
questions? In these questions, like these

321
00:25:35,780 --> 00:25:38,140
questions, he's asking them, yes?

322
00:25:41,020 --> 00:25:50,620
So he was wondering about the power, about, you

323
00:25:50,620 --> 00:25:56,150
know, the powerful thing that would deter the

324
00:25:56,150 --> 00:25:59,910
ravages of death. You know what's with deter? Like

325
00:25:59,910 --> 00:26:11,450
repulse. You know? To deter. So he

326
00:26:11,450 --> 00:26:15,170
was looking all the time. He was asking. Now this

327
00:26:15,170 --> 00:26:19,230
poem, because you know Shakespeare was a

328
00:26:19,230 --> 00:26:23,450
playwright. He was writing for plays. So this

329
00:26:23,450 --> 00:26:29,610
poem, It should be read aloud because it is very

330
00:26:29,610 --> 00:26:34,190
effective because of the rhetorical question. So

331
00:26:34,190 --> 00:26:41,790
if you read it on the stage, it should sound like

332
00:26:41,790 --> 00:26:45,410
somebody who's, you know, there is drama in it.

333
00:26:45,670 --> 00:26:49,210
There is drama in it. So let's listen to the poem

334
00:26:49,210 --> 00:26:51,530
read

335
00:26:52,520 --> 00:26:57,200
by or recited by a native speaker and see how it's

336
00:26:57,200 --> 00:26:57,980
going to be like.

337
00:27:03,000 --> 00:27:04,920
Summit 65.

338
00:27:07,700 --> 00:27:12,520
With brass, no stone, no earth, no boundless sea,

339
00:27:13,000 --> 00:27:17,680
that sad mortality outweighs their power. How with

340
00:27:17,680 --> 00:27:22,360
this rage shall beauty hold a plea? Whose action

341
00:27:22,360 --> 00:27:26,780
is there stronger than a flower? O, how shall

342
00:27:26,780 --> 00:27:29,280
summer's honeyed breath hold out Against the

343
00:27:29,280 --> 00:27:33,000
workful siege of battering days, When locks

344
00:27:33,000 --> 00:27:36,960
impregnable are not so stout, Nor gates of steel

345
00:27:36,960 --> 00:27:40,760
so strong, but time decays?

346
00:27:42,680 --> 00:27:48,100
O fearful meditation! Where on heck shall time's

347
00:27:48,100 --> 00:27:52,210
best jewel From time's chest lie hid? Oh, what

348
00:27:52,210 --> 00:27:56,230
strong hand can hold his swift foot back? Oh,

349
00:27:56,310 --> 00:28:01,350
cruelly spoiled beauty can forbid? Oh, none,

350
00:28:02,410 --> 00:28:07,910
unless this miracle have might, that in black ink

351
00:28:07,910 --> 00:28:14,590
my love may still shine bright. Wow. So I think,

352
00:28:14,650 --> 00:28:17,010
you know, as you see Shakespeare is very

353
00:28:17,010 --> 00:28:21,320
confident. So Shakespeare is very confident that

354
00:28:21,320 --> 00:28:31,400
his poetry will be immortal. Yes. If you want, you

355
00:28:31,400 --> 00:28:34,960
can recite it better than the native speaker. You

356
00:28:34,960 --> 00:28:42,920
can. But as you see, Shakespeare lived

357
00:28:42,920 --> 00:28:47,000
the dilemma. There was a dilemma. You know what's

358
00:28:47,000 --> 00:28:50,240
been the dilemma? Like death. The dilemma was like

359
00:28:50,240 --> 00:28:56,020
death was leaving nothing. But what is interesting

360
00:28:56,020 --> 00:29:01,360
here, look at each stanza, what he's doing. In the

361
00:29:01,360 --> 00:29:07,040
first stanza, summer's

362
00:29:07,040 --> 00:29:13,580
honey or the beauty of his friend is seen in the

363
00:29:13,580 --> 00:29:18,070
face of time like what? Like, how shall summer's

364
00:29:18,070 --> 00:29:20,970
honey, which is a metonymy of the beauty of his

365
00:29:20,970 --> 00:29:29,090
friend, you know, hold out against what? Against,

366
00:29:29,270 --> 00:29:32,630
sorry, let's go to the poem. The first, I mean.

367
00:29:33,590 --> 00:29:39,350
Here, sad mortality, you know, and the beauty of

368
00:29:39,350 --> 00:29:42,950
his friend. How with a straight shall beauty hold

369
00:29:42,950 --> 00:29:46,070
a plea, whose action is no stronger than a flower?

370
00:29:46,490 --> 00:29:51,390
So the beauty of his friend is like what? A

371
00:29:51,390 --> 00:29:55,790
defendant, a helpless defendant in the court,

372
00:29:56,470 --> 00:30:05,730
who's trying to justify, to explain. But as you

373
00:30:05,730 --> 00:30:09,110
see, it can do nothing. How with a straight shall

374
00:30:09,110 --> 00:30:13,780
beauty hold a plea? defend itself. So it's a court

375
00:30:13,780 --> 00:30:19,860
scene where the defendant is very weak and the

376
00:30:19,860 --> 00:30:26,580
defendant is trying to defend itself. Then, again,

377
00:30:27,800 --> 00:30:32,860
the image or the same idea is repeated but in a

378
00:30:32,860 --> 00:30:38,040
different image. The image Or, how shall someone's

379
00:30:38,040 --> 00:30:41,740
honey breath hold out against the wrickful siege

380
00:30:41,740 --> 00:30:46,320
of battering days? Here, I think all of us know

381
00:30:46,320 --> 00:30:49,600
what siege means. You know siege? Or should I

382
00:30:49,600 --> 00:30:55,470
explain it? So, is siege tough? We, like

383
00:30:55,470 --> 00:30:58,850
Palestinians, know what is the siege, how the

384
00:30:58,850 --> 00:31:05,110
siege is tough. We've been living in siege or

385
00:31:05,110 --> 00:31:10,750
under the siege for almost five years. It was very

386
00:31:10,750 --> 00:31:16,430
unjust siege. And you see, the siege means you

387
00:31:16,430 --> 00:31:19,770
cannot go anywhere. You cannot go anywhere. But

388
00:31:19,770 --> 00:31:22,770
here, if you just look at this image, the siege,

389
00:31:24,920 --> 00:31:29,500
And here, Samarzani, or the beauty of Samarzani is

390
00:31:29,500 --> 00:31:35,680
here. Like a man, imagine, and it is not only a

391
00:31:35,680 --> 00:31:38,540
siege, but there are, you know, some guards who

392
00:31:38,540 --> 00:31:44,780
are, there are some soldiers who are imposing this

393
00:31:44,780 --> 00:31:47,800
siege. Who are these soldiers? And what they are

394
00:31:47,800 --> 00:31:52,720
carrying? If you look, they are soldiers who are

395
00:31:52,720 --> 00:31:57,170
carrying They are battering days, you know,

396
00:31:58,510 --> 00:32:03,110
against the requisite of battering days. So the

397
00:32:03,110 --> 00:32:07,150
days, the days of time, of course, are like

398
00:32:07,150 --> 00:32:14,990
soldiers who are holding what? Big hammers, very

399
00:32:14,990 --> 00:32:20,390
huge hammers. You know, imagine like you'll go

400
00:32:20,390 --> 00:32:25,670
crazy. This is like very frightening. My God, what

401
00:32:25,670 --> 00:32:32,030
about this fragile? What will it do? Nothing. And

402
00:32:32,030 --> 00:32:38,790
then, you know, again,

403
00:32:38,890 --> 00:32:40,590
you know, the same thing.

404
00:32:43,850 --> 00:32:50,390
Time is seen like a very powerful Giant with a big

405
00:32:50,390 --> 00:32:53,590
head, you know, with a huge thought which is

406
00:32:53,590 --> 00:32:58,690
kicking, you know, like, you know, the beauty of

407
00:32:58,690 --> 00:33:02,610
his friend. So don't you think these meditations

408
00:33:02,610 --> 00:33:07,530
were frightening meditations? So here he says, oh,

409
00:33:07,610 --> 00:33:13,970
for fearful meditation, where I lack. I think it's

410
00:33:13,970 --> 00:33:17,270
a very frightening thing. But Shakespeare

411
00:33:17,270 --> 00:33:25,490
succeeded in overcoming this by saying, oh none.

412
00:33:26,450 --> 00:33:30,450
So in all these things, he was looking for a power

413
00:33:30,450 --> 00:33:35,550
which would deter. Oh none, unless