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Bismillahirrahmanirrahim

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Today we are going to continue with infinitive and

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gerund in English plus covert and overt derived

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nominal in Arabic. Regarding the gerund and

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infinitive in English, we see that the gerund can

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stand as a subject in the sentence. So you have

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these two sentences, eating too much food is not

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good for your health. Playing basketball is very

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fun. Eating playing they stand as subjects If you

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we use also infinitive after noun in this after

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the noun in the sentence It's not good for your

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health to eat too much fast food So we have the

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infinitive directly follows the noun in the

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sentence As it appears in this sentence, it's not

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good for your health to eat too much fast food.

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It's very fun to play basketball. So we have fun,

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we have health. They are followed by infinitive as

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you see. We use gerund directly after the

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preposition. I'm tired of doing the same thing

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over and over again every day. They are excited

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about attending the meeting tomorrow. So we have

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of doing about attending. I'm looking forward to

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hearing from you soon. She's used to driving at

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night. Is mr used to plus the verb plus ing and

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this means Gilland. it means يعتاد على present

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custom however having used plus infinitive this

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refers to habit in the past يعتاد على so if you

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have the verb to be plus used to it is directly

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followed by gerund we

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have infinitive which is directly used after the

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adjective I was surprised to see her at the party

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yesterday. They were anxious to meet with

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President this weekend. I'm glad to meet you. So

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we have surprised, anxious, glad. They are

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directly followed by infinitives. We also have the

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infinitive used after certain nouns. I still have

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a little time to talk with you tonight. They have

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a lot of books to read. for the reading class. He

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doesn't have permission to use the lab computers.

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So we have time, books, permissions that are

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followed by infinitive, as you see.

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The infinitive expresses purpose. Okay, so if

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there'd be a purpose in the sentence, close of

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purpose, then we use the infinitive. I came here

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in order to study or to study English.

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We use the particle, the negative particle not

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before the gerund or even before the infinitive to

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come out with negative sentence. Not doing your

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homework is a big mistake. She was angry about not

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being invited to the reception. I decided not to

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go there tomorrow. Try not to be late. So as you

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see, the particle, the negative particle not

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precedes the gerund and also the infinitive.

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We spoke about hypothetical verbs, verbs to happen

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in future. This is followed by the infinitive as

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you know. This is forward oriented verbs. He told

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us to stay home. I want you to be the best student

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in the class. She advised me not to take such a

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risk. So all the actions in these sentences refer

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to future actions. The verbs are forward, oriented

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verbs. This is the fourth category of the four

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categories of the verbs which accept gerund and

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infinitive. We spoke about the emotive verbs, the

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aspectual verbs, the reactive verbs, and the

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forward oriented verbs.

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Also use the gerund after the possessive pronouns.

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I appreciate your inviting me to the party. We are

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proud of Mary's winning the first place in the

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race.

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Okay.

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So this is the complete explanation of the use of

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infinitive and gerund in English. In Arabic, we

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spoke about the modified derived nominal and overt

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derived nominal. وحب أن أشرب الشاي وحب شرب الشاي

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This is covert derived nominal. وحب شرب الشاي This

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is overt derived nominal. We've seen that we have

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big difference between these constructions in

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English and Arabic. So the reactive verbs of

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Arabic, the emotive verbs of Arabic are the same

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like English. They accept both overt and covert

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derived nominal. However, the aspectual verbs,

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this is in English, in English. What about Arabic?

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They accept only modified derived nominal or

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covert derived nominal. What about reactive verbs

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in English? They accept only gerund. However, in

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Arabic, both. The forward oriented verbs.

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In English, they accept only infinitive. However,

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in Arabic, they accept both. So you have to take

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care once you translate. Once you translate, it is

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not necessarily to translate literally every

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single word. You have to consider the structure of

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infinitive and to see the difference, this means

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that you have to consider the meaning or the

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meaning of the verb itself and its syntactic

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capacity, whether it accepts infinitive or gerund.

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Return to the verbs, in Arabic whether the

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translated verb accepts overt derived nominal or

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covert derived nominal okay I need to terminate

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here in order to give you a quiz just now about or

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on the use of infinitive and gerund in English

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okay that's it thank you