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بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم السلام عليكم ورحمة الله

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وبركاته الجزء الثاني من محاضرة الأسبوع الخامس رح

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تكون على ventricles of the brain and CSF

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circulationThe brain and spinal cord float within

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a protective bath of cerebrospinal fluid. الدماغ و

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الحبل الشوكي بيسبحوا في حوض من السائل الدماغي

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الشوكي CSFis produced by the choroidal plexus

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واحنا عارفين في ال ventricular system في ال

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choroidal plexus أصلها جاية من invagination of the

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pia mater و ال choroidal plexus contains ependymal

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cells و ال ependymal cells تمنا production ل ال

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CSFEach part of the central nervous system contain

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a component of the ventricular system يعني لو

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اتكلمنا على ال cerebral hemisphere في lateral

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ventricle، diencephalon third ventricle في

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الcerebellum و المدلة و ال pons في fourth

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ventricle، في ال midbrain في silvius aqueduct أو

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بنسميها cerebral aqueductالـ ventricles contain

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about 35 milliliter of cerebrospinal fluid the

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ventricles of the brain there

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are four interconnection ventricles of the brain

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في عندنا four ventricles lateral ventricles البطين

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الجانبي right and left lateral ventriclethird

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ventricle البطين الثالث and fourth ventricle

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البطين الرابع يبقى عندنا four interconnection

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ventricles two lateral ventricles and one third

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ventricle and a fourth ventricle اللحظة هنا عندي

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lateral ventricle

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left and right lateral ventricle بعدها بيجي third

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ventricle وفي الآخر في عندي ايه fourth ventricle

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هنا عندي في الصورة واضح cavity

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of right lateral ventricle بعدين هنا في بتكون

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cavity ofthird ventricle وهنا فيه اللي هي cavity

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of a fourth ventricle و ال connection القناة اللي

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بتوصل ما بين ال third ventricle و ال fourth

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ventricle اسمها silvius aqueduct او cerebral

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aqueduct اسمها silvius aqueductأو cerebral

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aqueduct أو بنسميها aqueduct of midbrain نبدأ

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ب lateral ventricle لدينا two lateral ventricles

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right and left lateral ventricles side

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lateral ventricles عبارة عن cavity of cerebral

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hemispheres يعني انها right cerebral hemisphere و

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left cerebral hemisphere كل cerebral hemisphere

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اللي لهم cavity اسمه lateral ventricles يعني انها

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right and left lateral ventricles لو اتكلمنا عن ال

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origin of lateral

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ventricles بيكون جاي من telencephalon او

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prosencephalon communication

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no any direct connections between right and left

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lateral ventricles يعني مافي انها direct

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connection between right and left lateral

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ventricle نرسمهم مع بعض الآن هي ان انا برسم

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أنا رسمت right وهي برسم فيه left lateral

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ventricle يعني عندي

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right lateral ventricle و left lateral ventricle

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okay no direct connection between both lateral

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ventricles تمام بعدها بدنا نرسم

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third ventricle

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بين ال lateral ventricle و ال third ventricle فى

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foramen left interventricular foramen of monroe و

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هنا فى right interventricular foramen of monroe

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يعني احنا رسلناleft lateral ventricle و right

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lateral ventricle و رسمنا third ventricle no

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direct connection between both lateral ventricles

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but presented indirect connection من خلال ايه؟

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interventricular foramen of Monroe كم Monroe فينا؟

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فينا two foramen of Monroe فينا left foramen of

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Monroe و في right foramen of Monroe يبقى ال

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communication بتاع ال lateral ventricle H lateral

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ventricle communicates with the third ventricle

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through interventricular foramen of Monroe right

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and left

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What's the part of the lateral ventricle؟ إيش

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أجزاء ال lateral ventricle؟ ال lateral ventricle

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contains anterior horn أو frontal horn located in

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frontal loop، posterior horn أو occipital horn

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located in occipital loop،Inferior horn أو

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temporal horn located in temporal loop مين راح

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يزعل؟ ال parietal loop مايزعلش ال parietal loop و

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في جزء اسمه body أو central part of the lateral

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ventricle which is located in the parietal loopو

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في شي اسمه trigon او atrium دي لاتيشن at the

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meeting of the inferior and posterior horn وين

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بتقابل ال anterior و ال posterior horn نشوف مع بعض

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على الصورة هنا في الخلف عندي هنا posterior horn

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posterior horn و في الأمام بيكون anterior hornوهنا

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ايش ال body او ال central part body او ال central

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part مش هينبين انها الأجزاء الثانية يعني يعني عندي

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في posterior horn بتكون في ال occipital loop في

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anterior horn بتكون في ال frontal loop وفي body

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بتكون في parietal loop في parietal loop واضح

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عندي هنا

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انتيريور هارن بوستيريور هارن و تحت في ال temporal

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loop في inferior horn يعني frontal hornأكسبتال

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هورن كيمبورال هورن أو اسم ثاني انتريور هورن

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بوستيريور هورن انفريور هورن طب و المكان تلاقي

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الانفريور هورن مع ال بوستيريور هورن هذا المكان

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بنسميه تريجون بنسميه تريجون او أتريوم of lateral

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ventricle

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لاحظوا هنا على سجن teleview عندي anterior horn,

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posterior horn, inferior horn, body و هذا المكان

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بنسمي atrium او trigonهو مكان تلاقي ال posterior

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horn مع ال inferior horn، لكن الأصح لو قلنا أصح

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كمان هو عبارة عن تلاقي ما بين posterior horn مع ال

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inferior horn و ال bodyمكان بتلاقى فيه ال body مع

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ال posterior horn و ال inferior horn لكن الكتب

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بيكتبوا هو عبارة عن مكان وين بتلاقى فيه ال

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posterior horn مع ال inferior horn الأصح تلاقي ما

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بين posterior horn و inferior horn and body of

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lateral ventricle and body of lateral ventricle

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لاحظوا هنا في فرم هنا واحد اتنينواحد بيكون مع ال

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left lateral ventricle و مع ال right lateral

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ventricle هذول communication مع مين؟ مع ال third

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ventricle مع ايه؟ مع ال third ventricle مع ال

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third ventricle اسمه Interventricular Foramen of

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Monroe Interventricular Foramen of Monroe هذا

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واضح على ال axial cutهذا anterior horn وهذا

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posterior horn أو هذا posterior horn وهذا تراجون

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او أتريام تجي هنا تراجون او أتريام ننتقل

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الآن لثير ذنتركل ثير ذنتركل عبارة عن cavityهو

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كفتيه of diencephalon it is narrow cavity situated

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in the midline between the right and left thalamus

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و الهيبو ثلامس بين ال right و ال leftفي adhesion

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بنسميها interthalamic adhesion هي هذي اللي انا

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رسمتها هي عبارة عن interthalamic adhesion

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interthalamic ايه؟ adhesion يعني هذا المكان

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connection between right and left thalami okay ال

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origin of third ventricle from diencephalon او

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كمان صح frozen cephalon

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هنا عندي ال axial cut هذا هو ال third ventric اللي

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بيجي في النصف من المنتصف و بيحده من الشمال و

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اليمين left thalamus و right thalamus غير هيك بيمر

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في شي اسمهinterthalamic adhesion connections

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between left and right ثلمائي يبقى هي عبارة عن

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connection between left and right ثلمائي كام third

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ventricle عندنا one third ventricle عندنا one

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third ventricle ننتقل ل communications of third

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ventricle اول communication انا اتكلمت عنها

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anterior superiorly من الأمام ومن أعلى the third

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ventricle communicates with a lateral ventricle

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يعني ال third ventricle communicates with a both

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lateral ventricleOkay كمان مرة اللي هو ال third

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ventricle communicates anterior superiorly with

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both lateral ventricles من طريق ايه؟ او عن طريق

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ايه؟ عن طريق interventricular foramen of Monroe كم

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Monroe عندي؟ left and right Monroe يبقى خلصنا من

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الاعلى طب من أسفل

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Posterior inferiorly Posterior

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inferiorly communicate with fourth ventricle with

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ايه؟

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with fourth ventricle عن طريق ايه؟ هذه fourth

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ventricle

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عن طريق enter او بنسميه cerebral .. cerebral

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aqueduct او له اسم ثاني silvius aqueduct يعني

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silvius aqueduct او cerebral aqueduct تعمل

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connection ما بين ال third ventricle مع ال fourth

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كمان مرة نعيد communication of third ventricle

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anterior superiorly من الأمام ومن أعلى

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communicates

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مع both lateral ventricles عن طريق ايه؟

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Interventricular foramen of Monroe two Monroe

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اثنين posterior inferiorly من الخلف ومن تحت

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communicates withfourth ventricle عن طريق ايه؟

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sylvius او cerebral aqueduct اللي هو يعتبر cavity

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of midbrain cavity of midbrain هاي عندنا

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interthalamic adhesion هاي منروفورامين وهي عندي

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ايه؟ cerebral aqueduct اللي بربط ما بين

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third ventricle مع مين؟ مع fourth ventricle و

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anterior superior ليه؟ عندي من عندي

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في ايه؟

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من رو فورامن Right

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and left بيعمل connection بين ال lateral ventricle

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مع مين؟ مع ال third ventricle يعني هي عندي lateral

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ventricles عن طريق من رو ارتبطوا مع ال third

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ventricle ال third ventricle عن طريق سربع ال

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aqueductمع مين؟ مع ال fourth ventricle هاد ال

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communication between the ventricular system واضح

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ان دي lateral ventricle communicates مع ال third

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ventricle عن طريق interventricular foramen of

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Monroe and right and left Monroe بعدين third

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ventricle عن طريق cerebral aqueduct أو sylvius

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aqueduct communicates with ايش؟ with fourth

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ventricle

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الان بنتقل لل fourth ventricle

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هذا

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left lateral ventricle

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okay fourth

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ventricle it is cavity of hind brainو ممكن اقول it

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is cavity of rhombocephalon وين موجود؟ located

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between cerebellum

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and pons medulla blankata يعني بيحدوا من الخلف

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الcerebellum و بيحدوا من الأمام ال pons و ال upper

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medulla او open medullaطيب بكلام ثاني لو بدى نصيغه

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وين موجود ال fourth ventricle located between the

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dorsal cervix of pons and open medulla and

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ventral service of cerebellum يبقى ان هو ال cavity

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هذا محصور ما بين ال ventral cavity of cerebellum

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من الخلف و ال dorsal service بتاع ال palms و ال

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upper medulla او open medulla من الأمام تمام ال

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angles الموجودة في ال fourth ventricleأول شيء فيه

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superior angle و inferior angle و lateral angle

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superior angle بفتح فيه اللي هو silvius aqueduct

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أو cerebral aqueduct من أعلى superior angle ال

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inferior angle بيمر في ال central spinal canal

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بيمر في ال closed medullaطيب و ال lateral angle

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right and left lateral angle بيمر فيه فرمن اسمه

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logica right logica فرمن و left logica فرمن كمان

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مرة في عندي superior angle تشوف مع الصورة هيهم هي

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angle superior angle مين فاتح فيه فاتح اللي هو

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cerebral aqueduct هذا في ال superior angle طب في

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ال inferior angle هى inferior angle بفتح

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فيه central

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central

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Spinal Canal Central Spinal Canal اللي بيمر وين؟

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أول شي بيمر في الـ Closed Medulla وبعدين بيمر في

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Spinal Cord يبقى عندي Inferior Angle فاتح فيه اللي

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هو Central Spinal Canal وفي Superior Angle فاتح

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Cerebral أو Silvius Aqueduct وفي عندي Lateral

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Angle Lateral Angle Right and Leftlateral angle

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بفتح فيهم فرمن على ال right اسمه right lochka

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foramen وعلى ال left اسمه left lochka foramen يبقى

222
00:22:10,680 --> 00:22:15,120
بالطريقة هذه انا شرحتلكم ال angles of fourth

223
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ventricle الآن

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00:22:22,400 --> 00:22:27,480
صار الموضوع سهل communications of the fourth

225
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ventricle انا اتكلمتعن communication بين ال fourth

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ventricle ها هي و ال third ventricle اسمها silvius

227
00:22:40,720 --> 00:22:44,140
او cerebral aqueduct بتكون فاتحة في ال superior

228
00:22:44,140 --> 00:22:49,560
angle طب في ال inferior angle في communications

229
00:22:49,560 --> 00:22:57,400
اسمها central

230
00:23:01,100 --> 00:23:09,160
spinal canal طيب

231
00:23:09,160 --> 00:23:16,420
في ال lateral angle على ال right و على ال left في

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right and left formina

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00:23:24,340 --> 00:23:27,720
logica

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00:23:30,810 --> 00:23:34,810
طيب في ال media .. بصير ال media في ال .. في ال

235
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report فيها فرمان

236
00:23:40,490 --> 00:23:44,670
مجندي

237
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.. فرمان مجندي او مجندي يقول عندي كام صاروا ..

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00:23:50,970 --> 00:23:54,970
صاروا اربعة صاروا كام فرمان او communication اربعة

239
00:23:55,910 --> 00:24:00,810
Cerebral Aqueduct أو Central أو Sylvius Aqueduct

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00:24:00,810 --> 00:24:04,690
هو عبارة عن connection between fourth and third

241
00:24:04,690 --> 00:24:10,390
ventricle Central Spinal Canal بيصرف جزء من ال CSF

242
00:24:10,390 --> 00:24:16,800
على ال central spinal canal لمين؟ لل spinal cordو

243
00:24:16,800 --> 00:24:21,160
ثلاثة فرامنة .. يعني ثلاثة فرامنة تولوشكة فرامنة

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00:24:21,160 --> 00:24:24,340
بيكون اللاترال أو وان ماجيندي فرامن بيكون

245
00:24:24,340 --> 00:24:30,450
بوستيريور هدول بيصرفوا ال CSFمن ال fourth

246
00:24:30,450 --> 00:24:36,530
ventricle ل subarachnoid space and subarachnoid

247
00:24:36,530 --> 00:24:40,210
cistern subarachnoid space and subarachnoid

248
00:24:40,210 --> 00:24:45,970
cistern و احنا اتفجنا ان ال cistern هي عبارة عن

249
00:24:45,970 --> 00:24:54,690
widening place of subarachnoid space هاي

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00:24:54,690 --> 00:24:58,630
ممكن مرة نشرحهم هنا communications او نشوف صورة

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00:24:58,630 --> 00:24:58,950
تانية

252
00:25:02,160 --> 00:25:05,680
هنا واضح هى ال communication بتاعة ال fourth

253
00:25:05,680 --> 00:25:10,960
ventricle نرسم ال fourth ventricle هذا هو ال ايه

254
00:25:10,960 --> 00:25:18,400
fourth ventricle اول

255
00:25:18,400 --> 00:25:22,500
communication مع ال superior angle عن طريق

256
00:25:22,500 --> 00:25:29,040
cerebral aqueduct او sylvius aqueduct هى اول واحد

257
00:25:30,920 --> 00:25:35,680
Central Spinal Canal في الـ Closed Medulla وبعدين

258
00:25:35,680 --> 00:25:41,900
في Spinal Cord ثلاثة وأربعة في الـ Lateral بيكون

259
00:25:41,900 --> 00:25:47,740
عندي فرع من Logica Right and Left و posteriorly

260
00:25:47,740 --> 00:25:53,070
بيكون فرع من Magendieالسيلفياس اكويداكت او

261
00:25:53,070 --> 00:25:56,470
cerebral aqueduct بربط ال third ventricle مع ال

262
00:25:56,470 --> 00:26:03,670
fourth ventricle Central spinal canal بعمل

263
00:26:03,670 --> 00:26:06,970
connection ما بين ال fourth ventricle مع ال

264
00:26:06,970 --> 00:26:11,090
central spinal canal بتاعة ال spinal cordفورا من

265
00:26:11,090 --> 00:26:15,370
الوشكا او ماجيندي بيصرفوا ال CSF من ال fourth

266
00:26:15,370 --> 00:26:20,010
ventricle لال subarachnoid space والsubarachnoid

267
00:26:20,010 --> 00:26:24,190
cistern وقولنا ال cistern هي عبارة عن widening

268
00:26:24,190 --> 00:26:32,310
place of subarachnoid space هيك بيكون انا شرحتلكم

269
00:26:32,310 --> 00:26:39,700
ال ventricular system هاي واضح syllabus aqueductأو

270
00:26:39,700 --> 00:26:43,140
cerebroacviduct واضح عندي central spinal canal

271
00:26:43,140 --> 00:26:47,720
واضح عن الوجكا المجندي foramen وفي ال lateral

272
00:26:47,720 --> 00:26:54,080
بيكون two logica foramina cerebrospinal fluid أخر

273
00:26:54,080 --> 00:26:58,340
جزئية في المحاضرة cerebrospinal fluid هي عبارة عن

274
00:26:58,340 --> 00:27:04,040
fluid which circulates in the ventricles and

275
00:27:04,040 --> 00:27:11,200
central canal of CNSوأيضًا تدفع إلى الـ

276
00:27:11,200 --> 00:27:18,340
Subarachnoid space الـ production of CSF بتتم من

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00:27:18,340 --> 00:27:23,220
ابن دايمة ال cells موجودة في الكرويذيا لبليكساس of

278
00:27:23,220 --> 00:27:27,560
lateral third and fourth ventricle لكن أكتر شيء

279
00:27:27,560 --> 00:27:33,410
بيكون في ال lateral ventricleبين دايما بتعمل

280
00:27:33,410 --> 00:27:40,610
extraction او production لل CSF من ال capillaries

281
00:27:40,610 --> 00:27:45,630
بتاعة الارتريز وبتعمل عملية فلترة وبتخرج ال CSF من

282
00:27:45,630 --> 00:27:48,210
ال blood من ال arterial blood في ال ventricular

283
00:27:48,210 --> 00:27:53,910
system circulation of CSF سيبونا من ال slide هذا

284
00:27:53,910 --> 00:27:58,410
نتبع مع بعض على slide هان او بتقول على ال slide

285
00:27:58,410 --> 00:28:01,730
اللي أنا رسمته نفس الشيء على الصورة اللي رسمتهاالـ

286
00:28:01,730 --> 00:28:07,190
CSF اللى تم اله production من الـ third ventricle

287
00:28:07,190 --> 00:28:11,910
بعبر عن طريق الـ interventricular forum من أومنروه

288
00:28:11,910 --> 00:28:16,690
right and left و بيروح لوين؟ لل third ventricle ها

289
00:28:16,690 --> 00:28:25,090
ايه دخل و راحوا لوين؟ ل .. نرسم بلون ثاني و راحوا

290
00:28:25,090 --> 00:28:29,350
ل .. لل third ventricle

291
00:28:35,420 --> 00:28:39,120
هيو بيسلموا على ال third ventricle و بياخدوا ال

292
00:28:39,120 --> 00:28:43,660
CSF من ال third ventricle و بيدخلوا لوين؟

293
00:28:43,660 --> 00:28:48,640
لcerebral aqueduct و

294
00:28:48,640 --> 00:28:53,320
بيروحوا لوين؟ لال third من ال third ventricle

295
00:28:53,320 --> 00:28:57,980
بيروحوا لال fourth ventricle جزء بسيط من ال CSF

296
00:28:58,630 --> 00:29:03,510
بيروح ل central spinal canal ل central spinal

297
00:29:03,510 --> 00:29:08,730
canal الجزء الأكبر بيغادر ال ventricles عن طريق

298
00:29:08,730 --> 00:29:12,570
ماجيندي فورامنا و لوشكا فورامنا right and left

299
00:29:12,570 --> 00:29:17,710
بيغادروا من لوشكا و من ماجيندي فورامنا و أين

300
00:29:17,710 --> 00:29:25,070
بيطلعوا؟الـ subarachnoid space of the brain and

301
00:29:25,070 --> 00:29:30,710
subarachnoid space of spinal cord هيك بالطريقة هذه

302
00:29:30,710 --> 00:29:35,570
انا شرحتلكوا كله على ال slide واضح و سلس و سهل و

303
00:29:35,570 --> 00:29:42,250
مش صعب نتبع

304
00:29:42,250 --> 00:29:46,850
مع بعض السلس اللي جابنا نشوفهThe CSF in each

305
00:29:46,850 --> 00:29:49,490
lateral ventricle بمورف الـ Interventricular

306
00:29:49,490 --> 00:29:54,010
Foramen of Monroe بعد ذلك للثيرد Ventricle عن طريق

307
00:29:54,010 --> 00:29:58,090
Aqueduct of Silvius أو Silvius Aqueduct بمورفيه

308
00:29:58,090 --> 00:30:02,110
وبعدها بنتجل لل fourth ventricle جزء من ال CSF

309
00:30:02,110 --> 00:30:06,090
بيروح لل Central Spinal Canalوالجزء الأكبر بيروح

310
00:30:06,090 --> 00:30:10,230
عن طريق ثلاثة فرامين ماجيندي و تولوشكا فرامين

311
00:30:10,230 --> 00:30:14,930
بيروح لها ال subarachnoid space و ال subarachnoid

312
00:30:14,930 --> 00:30:19,150
cistern من ضمنهم cerebellum medullary cistern و

313
00:30:19,150 --> 00:30:23,590
بنتين cistern كمان هدول موجودين في ال subarachnoid

314
00:30:23,590 --> 00:30:28,740
spaceمنهم بيروح للـ subarachnoid space بتاعة ال

315
00:30:28,740 --> 00:30:32,500
brain وال spinal cord هيك بيكون عاملنا واتكلمنا

316
00:30:32,500 --> 00:30:38,570
على ال circulation of CSF طب absorption of CSF؟ال

317
00:30:38,570 --> 00:30:43,390
absorption of CSF بتم عن طريق اللي هي arachnoid

318
00:30:43,390 --> 00:30:47,370
villi and arachnoid granulation شرحت لكم بيام في

319
00:30:47,370 --> 00:30:51,350
arachnoid مطر و بيتم absorption و reabsorption

320
00:30:51,350 --> 00:30:56,050
بتاعة ال CSF للي ديورال venous sinuses و من لي

321
00:30:56,050 --> 00:30:58,910
ديورال venous sinuses بتروح على ال jugular vein و

322
00:30:58,910 --> 00:31:02,430
منهم بتروح على ال venous blood و ال venous blood

323
00:31:02,430 --> 00:31:10,100
stream لاللي هو right atrium of the heartهذا واضح

324
00:31:10,100 --> 00:31:13,560
عندي اللي هم arachnoid granulation الـ arachnoid

325
00:31:13,560 --> 00:31:16,300
villi بيكونوا microscopic بياخدوا ال CSF من ال sub

326
00:31:16,300 --> 00:31:19,660
arachnoid space و بيسلموه لديور ال venous sinuses

327
00:31:19,660 --> 00:31:23,700
what's the function of CSF؟ ايش ال functions تبع

328
00:31:23,700 --> 00:31:29,120
ال CSF؟ اول شي support and protect the CNS against

329
00:31:29,120 --> 00:31:34,420
trauma بيعملوا عملية امتصاص للصدماتTake place of

330
00:31:34,420 --> 00:31:38,620
the lymph بعملوا protection لل CNNS من ال micro

331
00:31:38,620 --> 00:31:44,700
organism Regulation of the intracranial pressure

332
00:31:46,010 --> 00:31:49,250
لأنه احنا اول شي برجع لرقم اتنين قلنا بيعملوا

333
00:31:49,250 --> 00:31:52,590
عملية protection against microorganism لإنه ال CNS

334
00:31:52,590 --> 00:31:56,810
مافيش في ال CNS lymph أو lymph nodes او lymphatic

335
00:31:56,810 --> 00:32:01,730
vessels مين بيقوم في الحاجة هذه اللي هو ال CSF زاد

336
00:32:01,730 --> 00:32:06,670
اللي هو microglial cellsregulation of the

337
00:32:06,670 --> 00:32:10,330
intracranial pressure remove metabolites and

338
00:32:10,330 --> 00:32:13,810
toxics from the central nervous system and

339
00:32:13,810 --> 00:32:18,970
nourishment function of CNS بيعملوا عملية تغذية لل

340
00:32:18,970 --> 00:32:23,290
CNS هنا بزيلوا المواد والفضلات اللي بتخرج من

341
00:32:23,290 --> 00:32:27,310
الميتاباليزم والمواد السامة من ال brainالـ

342
00:32:27,310 --> 00:32:32,430
Characters of the normal CSF Appearance بيكون

343
00:32:32,430 --> 00:32:35,970
Clear Water Fluid Isotenic بيكون لون لون الماء ال

344
00:32:35,970 --> 00:32:39,510
amount حوالي 100 ل 150 ملي لتر ال replacement

345
00:32:39,510 --> 00:32:45,150
بتغير تلاث مرات هذا ال CSF بيحدث production تقريبا

346
00:32:45,150 --> 00:32:48,590
تلاتة من عشرة لاربع من عشرة ملي لتر بالدقيقة

347
00:32:48,590 --> 00:32:53,770
الواحدة في اليوم بيصنع جسمنا من أربع مية لخمس مائة

348
00:32:53,770 --> 00:32:59,380
ملي لتر CSFال pressure بتاعه 100 ل 180 millimeter

349
00:32:59,380 --> 00:33:02,720
of water ال blood pressure بيكون of mercury هانه

350
00:33:02,720 --> 00:33:06,960
of water ال rate of production قلناه cells بيكونوا

351
00:33:06,960 --> 00:33:10,100
ال cells ال white blood cells بيكونوا من 0 ل 5 و

352
00:33:10,100 --> 00:33:13,580
بيكونوا كلهم lymphocytes بيكونوا كلهم lymphocytes

353
00:33:13,580 --> 00:33:17,440
ولا واحدة نيترو فيلز ال RBCs كلوات الدم الحمراء

354
00:33:17,440 --> 00:33:19,900
لازم تكون zero مش موجودة كلوات الدم الحمراء

355
00:33:20,390 --> 00:33:25,450
الجلوكوز 60 ميلي جرام لديسلتر و أصحى نقول 70% من

356
00:33:25,450 --> 00:33:27,530
الـ Ceramic Glucose لأنه ممكن المريض يكون مريض

357
00:33:27,530 --> 00:33:30,770
سكر، سكره عالي أو العكس، سكره محروق يبقى بتتم

358
00:33:30,770 --> 00:33:33,830
المقارنة مع الـ Ceramic Glucose و الـ Total

359
00:33:33,830 --> 00:33:39,090
Protein من 15 ل 50 ميلي جرام لديسلتر، أنا بدي أشرح

360
00:33:39,090 --> 00:33:43,600
بس لو .. لو حدث ال tumor هنالو اجت tumor في ال

361
00:33:43,600 --> 00:33:49,120
midbrain او في الcerebellum وضغط على ايه؟ على اللي

362
00:33:49,120 --> 00:33:52,220
هو ال Sylvius aqueduct، cerebral aqueduct في

363
00:33:52,220 --> 00:33:56,940
الحالة هذه بيحدث عندنا حاجة اسمها hydrocephalus،

364
00:33:56,940 --> 00:34:00,450
بيصير انتفاخفي البطين في الحالة هاد راح يصير

365
00:34:00,450 --> 00:34:04,130
dilatation في ال third ventricle و ال both

366
00:34:04,130 --> 00:34:09,150
ventricle لكن لو حدث exclusion في one monroe يصير

367
00:34:09,150 --> 00:34:12,910
dilatation في one lateral ventricle two monroe في

368
00:34:12,910 --> 00:34:15,770
ال two lateral ventricles و هكذا

369
00:34:18,850 --> 00:34:21,890
بهيك بنكون ان شاء الله وصلنا لنهاية المحاضرة بتاعة

370
00:34:21,890 --> 00:34:25,070
ال mini G و هي ال ventricular system of the brain

371
00:34:25,070 --> 00:34:27,870
and cerebrospinal fluid circulation