Prevention of Postoperative Infections :Adult: A single oral dose of 2g approximately 12 hours before surgery.Children less than 12 years: Data are not available to allow dosage recommendations for children below the age of 12 years in the prophylaxis of anaerobic infections.Trichomoniasis: a single 2 g oral dose taken with food. Treat sexual partners with the same dose and at the same timeGiardiasis:Adults: a single 2 g dose taken with food.Pediatric patients older than three years of age: a single dose of 50 mg/kg (up to 2 g) with foodAmebiasis, Intestinal:Adults: 2 g per day for 3 days with food.Pediatric patients older than three years of age: 50 mg/kg/day (up to 2 g per day) for 3 days with foodAmebic liver abscess:Adults: 2 g per day for 3-5 days with food.Pediatric patients older than three years of age: 50 mg/kg/day (up to 2 g per day) for 3-5 days with foodBacterial vaginosis: Non-pregnant, adult women: 2 g once daily for 2 days taken with food, or 1 g once daily for 5 days taken with food.
Tinidazole
Tinidazole, a 5-nitroimidazole derivative with antimicrobial actions similar to metronidazole, is active against both protozoa (e.g. Trichomonas vaginalis, Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia) and obligate anaerobic bacteria. It damages DNA strands or inhibits DNA synthesis in microorganism.
Should be taken with food. Take during or immediately after meals.
The following interactions were reported with metronidazole, which is chemically-related to T-zol.Alcohol, disulfiram: Avoid during T-zol use and for 3 days afterward because cramps, nausea, vomiting, headaches, and flushing may occur.Anticoagulants, oral (eg, warfarin): Anticoagulant effects may be increased. Anticoagulant dose may need to be adjusted during coadministration and for up to 8 days after discontinuation. Cholestyramine: Bioavailability of T-zol may be decreased.Cyclosporine, lithium, tacrolimus: Levels may be elevated by T-zol, increasing the risk of toxicity.Drugs that induce CYP3A4 (eg, fosphenytoin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin): May increase metabolism of T-zol, decreasing plasma levels and therapeutic effect.Drugs that inhibit CYP3A4 (eg, cimetidine, ketoconazole): May prolong t½ and decrease T-zol Cl, increasing plasma levels and risk of adverse reactions.Fluorouracil: Cl may be decreased by T-zol, increasing the risk of adverse reactionsFosphenytoin, phenytoin: The t½ may be prolonged and Cl reduced by T-zol, increasing the risk of adverse reactions.Oxytetracycline: Therapeutic effect of T-zol may be decreased.
As with other compounds of similar structure, tinidazole, is contraindicated in patients having, or with a history of, blood dyscrasias although no persistent haematological abnormalities have been noted in clinical or animal studies. Tinidazole should be avoided in patients with organic neurological disorders. Tinidazole should not be administered to patients with known hypersensitivity to the compound.
Reported side effects have generally been infrequent, mild and self-limiting. Side effects from the gastrointestinal tract include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea and metallic taste. Hypersensitivity reactions, occasionally severe, may occur in rare cases in the form of skin rash, pruritis, urticaria and angioneurotic oedema. As with related compounds, T-zol may produce transient leukopenia. Other rarely reported side-effects are headache, tiredness, furry tongue and dark urine.
Pregnancy Category C. Either studies in animals have revealed adverse effects on the foetus (teratogenic or embryocidal or other) and there are no controlled studies in women or studies in women and animals are not available. Drugs should be given only if the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the foetus.
Compounds of similar chemical structure have produced various neurological disturbances such as dizziness, vertigo, uncoordination, and ataxia. If, during therapy with T-zol, abnormal neurological signs develop, therapy should be discontinued. Use in Pregnancy & Lactation: T-zol is contraindicated during the first trimester of pregnancy. While there is no evidence that T-zol is harmful during the late stages of pregnancy, its use during the last two trimesters requires that the potential benefits outweigh the possible risk to mother and foetus. T-zol is excreted in breast milk in concentrations similar to those seen in serum. T-zol can be detected in breast milk for up to 72 hours following administration. Interruption of breast-feeding is recommended during T-zol therapy and for 3 days following the last dose.
Amoebicides
Store at room temperature & protected from light.
Renal Impairment: Haemodialysis: Additional dose equal to half the usual dose at the end of haemodialysis.
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