Coordination. Addition (plus sign). Table 1a


COMMON AUXILIARY SIGNS


Consecutive extension (oblique stroke sign). Table 1a


Simple relation (colon sign). Table 1b


Order-fixing (double colon sign). Table 1b


Subgrouping (square brackets). Table 1b


Old period. Archaic period


Special auxiliary subdivision for origins, periods of language and phases of development


Middle period


Modern period


Dialects. Local and regional language. Variants and vernaculars


Special auxiliary subdivision for language usage, dialects and variants


Multilingual. Polyglot


Common auxiliaries of language. Table 1c


English


Germanic languages


German


West Germanic languages (other than English)


Dutch


Afrikaans


Icelandic


North Germanic / Nordic languages


Danish


Norwegian


Swedish


East Germanic languages


Umbro-Sabellian / Osco-Umbrian languages


Italic languages


Latin


Italian


Italo-Romance languages


Rhaeto-Romance languages


Romance languages


French


Gallo-Romance languages


Catalan


Ibero-Romance languages


Spanish


Portuguese


Gallegan / Galician


Romanian


Balkan Romance languages / Eastern Romance languages


Greek / Hellenic


Indo-European languages of Europe


Irish


Goidelic group


Scots Gaelic


Brythonic group


Celtic languages


Russian


East Slavic languages


Ukrainian


Belarusian


Polish


West Slavic languages


Czech


Slovak


Bulgarian


South Slavic languages


Macedonian


Serbian


Serbian and Croatian


Croatian


Slovenian


Lithuanian


Baltic languages


Latvian / Lettish


Albanian


Armenian


Sanskrit


Indic languages


Pali


Prakrit


Dardic group of Indic languages


Modern Indic languages


Hindi


Central group of Indic languages


Urdu


Gujarati


Punjabi / Panjabi


Rajasthani


Bengali / Bangla


Eastern group of Indic languages


Marathi


Nepali


Northern group of Indic languages


Sindhi


North-western group of Indic languages


Romany / Gipsy / Gypsy


Singhalese-Maldivian group


Pashto (Pushto)


Eastern Iranian languages


Persian


Western Iranian languages


Kurdish


Dead Indo-European languages (not listed elsewhere)


Indo-Iranian, Nuristani and dead Indo-European languages


North-eastern group of Caucasian languages


Caucasian languages


North-western group of Caucasian languages


Georgian


Southern Caucasian / Kartvelian group


Basque / Euskera / Euskara


Dead languages of unknown affiliation. Caucasian languages


Hebrew


North Semitic languages


Arabic


South-west Semitic languages


South-east Semitic languages


Semitic languages


Ethiopian / Ethio-Semitic languages


Egyptian-Coptic


Afro-Asiatic / Hamito-Semitic languages


Berber languages


Hausa


Chadic languages


Cushitic languages


Omotic languages


Saharan languages


Nilo-Saharan languages


Koman languages


Eastern Sudanic languages


Kordofanian languages


Congo-Kordofanian / Niger-Kordofanian languages


Niger-Congo languages


Khoisan languages


Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan, Congo-Kordofanian, Khoisan languages


Finnish


Finnic languages


Estonian


Sami / Saami / Lappic languages


Finno-Ugric languages


Hungarian


Ugric languages


Kazakh


Central group of Turkic languages


Uzbek


Eastern / Karluk group of Turkic languages


Western group of Turkic languages


Turkic languages


Kirghiz / Kyrgiz / Kirgiz


Northern group of Turkic languages


Turkish / Osmanli


Southern group of Turkic languages


Azerbaijani


Turkmen


Tungus languages


Altaic languages


Mongolian languages


Japanese


Ural-Altaic, Palaeo-Siberian, Eskimo-Aleut, Dravidian and Sino-Tibetan languages. Japanese. Korean. Ainu


Korean


Ainu


Palaeo-Siberian languages


Eskimo-Aleut languages


Chinese languages


Sino-Tibetan languages


Kam-Tai languages


Miao-Yao languages


Tibeto-Burman languages


Malacca / Aslian group


Austro-Asiatic languages


Mon-Khmer languages


Munda languages


Nicobarese group


Malay / Bahasa Indonesia / Bahasa Malaysia


Malayo-Polynesian languages


Oceanic languages


Austronesian languages


New Guinean / Papuan languages


Indo-Pacific (non-Austronesian) languages


North-eastern New Guinean languages. Madang languages


Western New Guinean languages


Bougainville languages


Tasmanian


Other Indo-Pacific languages


Pama-Maric group


Australian languages


Pama-Nyungan group


Other Australian languages


Mixe-Zoque languages


Indigenous languages of western North American Coast, Mexico and Yucatan


Nahuatl


Zapotecan languages


Ge-Pano-Carib languages


Ge-Pano-Carib languages. Macro-Chibchan languages


Macro-Chibchan languages


Aymara


Andean languages


Quechuan languages


Mapuche / Mapudungun


Araucanian languages


Guarani languages


Equatorial languages


Chaco languages


Chaco languages. Patagonian and Fuegian languages


Patagonian and Fuegian languages


Isolated, unclassified Central and South American indigenous languages


Central and South American indigenous languages


Esperanto


Artificial languages for use among human beings. International auxiliary languages (interlanguages)


Artificial languages used to instruct machines. Programming languages. Computer languages


Artificial languages


Documents according to physical, external form


Special auxiliary subdivision for document form


Handwritten documents (autograph, holograph copies). Manuscripts. Pictorial documents (drawings, paintings)


Documents according to method of production


Machine-readable documents


Documents according to stage of production


Documents for particular kinds of user


Documents according to level of presentation and availability


Supplementary matter issued with a document


Separately issued supplements or parts of documents


Bibliographies


Common auxiliaries of form. Table 1d


Books in general


Encyclopaedias


Reference works


Handbooks. Manuals


Guidebooks (with practical and descriptive information)


Dictionaries


Pamphlets. Brochures


Non-serial separates. Separata


Addresses. Lectures. Speeches


Theses. Dissertations


Personal documents. Correspondence. Letters. Circulars


Articles in serials, collections, etc. Contributions


Newspaper articles


Reports. Notices. Bulletins


Bibliographic descriptions. Abstracts. Summaries. Surveys


Other non-serial separates


Periodicals (in the strict sense)


Serial publications. Periodicals


News bulletins. Newsletters. Information bulletins


Yearbooks. Directories


Almanacs. Calendars (of all types)


Documents relating to societies, associations, organizations


Documentary materials for teaching. Teaching aids


Documents for instruction, teaching, study, training


Curricula. Syllabuses


Educational texts. Schoolbooks. Texts for students


Documents for practical instruction, training


Educational documents and material not listed elsewhere


Documents connected with competitions, tests, examinations, etc.


Individual polygraphies. Collected works of individual authors


Collected and polygraphic works. Forms. Lists. Illustrations. Business publications


Collective polygraphies. Collections of works by several authors


Images. Pictorial documents. Graphic documents


Publications of business firms (industrial, commercial). Commercial publicity, information, advertising material


Specimens, objects as documents


Three-dimensional (solid) documents. Audio and audiovisual documents


Audio documents. Sound recordings


Video recordings


Attestations. Special-purpose documents


Presentation in chronological, historical form. Historical presentation in the strict sense


Presentation in historical form. Legal and historical sources


Biographical presentation


Historical sources


Legal sources. Legal documents


Zones


Special auxiliary subdivision for boundaries and spatial forms of various kinds


East. Eastern


Orientation. Points of the compass. Relative position


South-east. South-eastern


South. Southern


South-west. South-western


West. Western


North-west. North-western


North. Northern


North-east. North-eastern


Relative location, direction and orientation


Lowest administrative units. Localities


Dependent or semi-dependent territories


States or groupings of states from various points of view


Places and areas according to privacy, publicness and other special features


Location. Source. Transit. Destination


Regionalization according to specialized points of view


Universal as to place. International. All countries in general


Place and space in general. Localization. Orientation


Ecosphere


Physiographic designation


Surface of the Earth in general. Land areas in particular. Natural zones and regions


Above sea level. Surface relief. Above ground generally. Mountains


Below sea level. Underground. Subterranean


Natural flat ground (at, above or below sea level). The ground in its natural condition, cultivated or inhabited


Oceans, seas and interconnections


Inland waters


Ancient China and Japan


Places of the ancient and mediaeval world


Ancient Egypt


Ancient Roman Province of Judaea. The Holy Land. Region of the Israelites


Ancient India


Medo-Persia


Regions of the so-called barbarians


Italia. Ancient Rome and Italy


Ancient Greece


Regions of ancient American cultures. Pre-Columbian America


Other regions. Ancient geographical divisions other than those of classical antiquity


United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland


Countries of the British Isles


Ireland. Republic of Ireland. Éire


Germany. Federal Republic of Germany. Bundesrepublik Deutschland


Europe


Luxembourg. Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. Grand-Duché de Luxembourg. Grossherzogtum Luxemburg. Grousherzogdem Lëtzebuerg


Austria. Republic of Austria. Republik Österreich


Czech Republic. Czechia. Česko. Česká Republika


Slovakia. Slovak Republic. Slovensko. Slovenská Republika


Poland. Polish Republic. Rzeczpospolita Polska


Hungary. Hungarian Republic. Magyarorszag. Magyar Köztársaság


France. French Republic. République Française


Italy. Republic of Italy. Repubblica Italiana


San Marino. Most Serene Republic of San Marino. Serenissima Repubblica di San Marino


Vatican. Vatican City State (Holy See). Stato della Città del Vaticano


Malta. Republic of Malta. Repubblika ta' Malta


Spain. Kingdom of Spain. Reino de España


Countries of the Iberian peninsula


Portugal. Portuguese Republic. República Portuguesa


Russia. Russian Federation. Rossiya. Rossiiskaya Federatsiya


Estonia. Republic of Estonia. Eesti Vabariik


Baltic states in general


Latvia. Republic of Latvia. Latvijas Republika


Lithuania. Republic of Lithuania. Lietuvos Respublika


Belarus. Republic of Belarus. Respublika Belarus


Ukraine (Ukraina). Ukrayina


Moldova. Republic of Moldova. Republica Moldoveneasca


Georgia. Republic of Georgia. Sakartvelo. Sakartvelos Respublika


Countries of the Caucasus region


Azerbaijan. Azerbaijani Republic. Azərbaycan Respublikası


Armenia. Republic of Armenia. Hayastan. Hayastani Hanrapetut’yun (Haikakan Hanrapetoutioun)


Finland. Republic of Finland. Suomi. Suomen Tasavalta. Republiken Finland


Scandinavian States


Norway. Kingdom of Norway. Kongeriket Norge. Kongeriket Noreg


Sweden. Kingdom of Sweden. Konungariket Sverige


Denmark. Kingdom of Denmark. Kongeriget Danmark


Iceland. Republic of Iceland. Lýðveldið Ísland


Netherlands. Kingdom of the Netherlands. Koninkrijk der Nederlanden


Belgium. Kingdom of Belgium. Royaume de Belgique. Koninkrijk België. Königreich Belgien


Liechtenstein. Principality of Liechtenstein. Fürstentum Liechtenstein


Switzerland. Swiss Confederation. Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft. Confédération suisse. Confederazione Svizzera. Confederaziun svizra. Confoederatio Helvetica


Greece. Hellenic Republic. Elliniki Dimokratia


Albania. Republic of Albania. Shqipëria. Republika e Shqipërisë


Serbia. Republic of Serbia. Republika Srbija


Balkan states


Montenegro. Crna Gora


Bulgaria. Republic of Bulgaria. Bulharsko. Republika Bulgariya


Slovenia. Republic of Slovenia. Republika Slovenija


Croatia. Republic of Croatia. Republika Hrvatska


Bosnia-Herzegovina. Republic of Bosnia-Herzegovina. Bosna i Hercegovina


Macedonia. Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. Republika Makedonija


Romania. Republic of Romania. România


China. People's Republic of China. Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó


Asia


Hong Kong. Xianggang (Hsiang-Kang)


Macao (Macau). Aomen (Ao-men)


Tibet. Tibet Autonomous Region. Xizang Zizhiqu


Mongolia. State of Mongolia. Mongol Uls


North Korea. People's Democratic Republic of Korea. Chosŏn Minjujuŭi In'min Konghwaguk


Korea


South Korea. Republic of Korea. Taehan Min'guk


Japan. Nippon / Nihon. Nippon-koku / Nihon Koku


Japan and adjacent islands


Taiwan. Republic of China. Zhōnghuá Mínguó


Saudi Arabia. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. al-Mamlaka al-ʻArabiyya as-Suʻūdiyya


Arabian states and territories


Yemen. Republic of Yemen. Al-Jumhūriyyah al-Yamaniyyah


Oman. Sultanate of Oman. Salṭanat ʻUmān


United Arab Emirates. Dawlat al-Imārāt al-‘Arabīyah al-Muttaḥidah


East Arabian states (Gulf states)


Qatar. State of Qatar. Dawlat Qaṭar


Bahrain. Kingdom of Bahrain. Mamlakat al-Baḥrayn


Kuwait. State of Kuwait. Dawlat al-Kuwayt


India. Republic of India. Bhārat Gaṇarājya


States of the Indian subcontinent


Bhutan. Kingdom of Bhutan. Druk-yul. Druk Gyal Khab (Dru Gäkhap)


Nepal. Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal. Sanghiya Loktantrik Ganatantra Nepal


Sri Lanka. Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka. Sri Lankā Prajathanthrika Samajavadi Janarajaya. Illankai Chananaayaka Chosalisa Kudiyarasu


Maldives. Republic of the Maldives. Divehi Rājjey ge Jumhuriyyā


Pakistan. Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Islāmī Jumhūrī-ye Pākistān


Bangladesh. People's Republic of Bangladesh. Gônoprojatontri Bangladesh


Iran. Islamic Republic of Iran. Jomhuri-ye Eslāmi-ye Irān


Turkey. Republic of Turkey. Türkiye Cumhuriyeti


Levant. Asia Minor


Cyprus. Republic of Cyprus. Kypriakí Dimokratía. Kıbrıs Cumhuriyeti


Iraq. Republic of Iraq. Jumhūriyat Al-Irāq. Komara Îraqê


Syria. Syrian Arab Republic. Sūryā. Al-Jumhūriyyah al-ʿArabiyyah as-Sūriyyah


Lebanon. Republic of Lebanon. Lubnān. Liban. al-Jumhūrīyah al-Lubnānīyah. République libanaise


Israel. State of Israel. Medīnat Yisrā'el. Dawlat Isrā'īl


Jordan. Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Urdunn / L'Ürdünn. al Mamlaka al Urduniya al Hashemiyah


Russian Federation in Asia


Former Asiatic USSR


Kazakhstan. Republic of Kazakhstan. Qazaqstan Respūblïkasy. Respublika Kazakhstan


Uzbekistan. Republic of Uzbekistan. O’zbekiston Respublikasi


Kyrgyzstan. Republic of Kyrgyzstan. Kyrgyz Respublikasy. Kyrgyzskaya Respublika


Tajikistan. Republic of Tajikistan. Jumhurii Tojikiston


Turkmenistan. Republic of Tukmenistan.Turkmenia. Türkmenistan Respublikasy


Afghanistan. Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. Afganistan. Jomhūrī-ye Eslāmī-ye Afġānistān. Da Afġānistān Islāmī Jomhoriyat


Myanmar (Burma). Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Pyidaunzu Thanmăda Myăma Nainngandaw


South-east Asian states and territories


Singapore. Republic of Singapore


Brunei. State of Brunei Darussalam. Negara Brunei Darussalam


Thailand. Kingdom of Thailand. Mueang Thai (Prathes Thai). Ratcha Anachak Thai


Indonesia. Republic of Indonesia. Republik Indonesia


Malaysia. Federation of Malaysia. Persekutuan Tanah Malaysia


Cambodia. Kingdom of Cambodia. Srok Khmae (Prateh Kampuchea). Preăh Réachéa Anachâk Kâmpŭchea


Indo-China


Vietnam. Socialist Republic of Vietnam. Cộng hòa xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam


Laos. Lao People's Democratic Republic. Meuang Lao. Sathalanalat Paxathipatai Paxaxon Lao


Philippines. Republic of the Philippines. Republika ng Pilipinas


Tunisia. Republic of Tunisia. Tūnis / Tunis. Al-Jumhūriyya at-Tūnisiyya


North African states in general. Maghreb. Barbary States


Libya. State of Libya. Lībyā


Egypt. Arab Republic of Egypt. Miṣr. Ǧumhūrīyâtu Miṣra l-ʿArabīyâ


Africa


Republic of the Sudan. Republic of South Sudan


Ethiopia. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia. Ītyōṗṗyā. ye-Ītyōṗṗyā Fēdēralāwī Dīmōkrāsīyāwī Rīpeblīk / yä-Ityoṗya Federalawi Dimokrasiyawi Ripäblik


Eritrea. State of Eritrea. Ertra. Hagəre Ertra (Dawlâtu Iritrīya)


Morocco. Kingdom of Morocco. al-Maġrib. al-Mamlakâtu l-Maġribīyâ


Algeria. People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria. Al Jaza'ir. Al Jumhuriyah al Jaza'iriyah ad Dimuqratiyah ash Sha'biyah


Mauritania. Islamic Republic of Mauritania. Mūrītāniyā. Al-Jumhūriyyah al-Islāmiyyah al-Mūrītāniyyah


West African states and territories narrowly


Mali. Republic of Mali. République du Mali


Burkina Faso. People's Democratic Republic of Burkina Faso. République Démocratique Populaire de Burkina Faso


Niger. Republic of Niger. République du Niger


Senegal. Republic of Senegal. République du Senegal


Sierra Leone. Republic of Sierra Leone


The Gambia. Gambia. Republic of The Gambia


The Gambia and Guinea


Guinea. Republic of Guinea. République de Guinée


Guinea-Bissau. Republic of Guinea-Bissau. República da Guiné-Bissau


Cape Verde. Republic of Cape Verde. República de Cabo Verde


Liberia. Republic of Liberia


Côte d'Ivoire. Republic of Côte d'Ivoire. Ivory Coast. République de Côte d'Ivoire


Ghana. Republic of Ghana


Togo. Togolese Republic. République togolaise


Benin. Republic of Benin. République du Bénin


Nigeria. Federal Republic of Nigeria


São Tomé and Príncipe. Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe. República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe


Cameroon. United Republic of Cameroon


Equatorial, central and eastern African states and territories


Equatorial Guinea. Republic of Equatorial Guinea


Gabon. Gabonese Republic. République Gabonaise


Congo. Republic of the Congo. République du Congo. Repubilika ya Kongo. Republiki ya Kongó


Angola. Republic of Angola


Central African Republic


Chad. Republic of Chad


Burundi. Republic of Burundi


Democratic Republic of Congo. République Démocratique du Congo. Republiki ya Kongó Demokratiki. Jamhuri ya Kidemokrasia ya Kongo


Rwanda. Republic of Rwanda


Uganda. Republic of Uganda


Kenya. Republic of Kenya. Jamhuri ya Kenya


Somalia. Federal Republic of Somalia. Jamhuriyadda Dimugradiga ee Soomaaliya. Jumhūrīyat aṣ-Ṣūmāl al-Fidirālīyah


Djibouti. Republic of Djibouti. Jumhouriyya Djibouti


Tanzania. United Republic of Tanzania


Mozambique. Republic of Mozambique. República de Moçambique


South Africa. Republic of South Africa


States and territories of Southern Africa


Namibia. Republic of Namibia


Botswana. Republic of Botswana. Lefatshe la Botswana


Lesotho. Kingdom of Lesotho. Muso oa Lesotho


Swaziland. Kingdom of Swaziland. Umbuso weSwatini


Zimbabwe. Republic of Zimbabwe


Zambia. Republic of Zambia


Malawi. Republic of Malawi


Madagascar. Democratic Republic of Madagascar. Repoblikan'i Madagasikara


African islands of the Indian and South Atlantic oceans


Islands north of Madagascar


Seychelles. Republic of Seychelles. République des Seychelles


British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT) (UK)


Réunion (France)


Mascarene Islands


Mauritius. Republic of Mauritius. Repiblik Moris. République de Maurice


Outlying Islands in the South Indian and South Atlantic Oceans


Canada


North and Central America


Mexico. United Mexican States. México (Méjico). Estados Unidos Mexicanos


Mexico. Central American states. Caribbean territories


Guatemala. Republic of Guatemala. República de Guatemala


Central American states


Belize. Belice


Honduras. Republic of Honduras. República de Honduras


El Salvador. Republic of El Salvador. República de El Salvador


Nicaragua. Republic of Nicaragua. República de Nicaragua


Costa Rica. Republic of Costa Rica. República de Costa Rica


Panama. Republic of Panama. República de Panamá


Cuba. Republic of Cuba. República de Cuba


Caribbean territories. West Indies (Antilles)


Jamaica


United States of America (USA)


Brazil. Federative Republic of Brazil. República Federativa do Brasil


South America


Argentina. Argentine Republic. República Argentina


Chile. Republic of Chile. República de Chile


Bolivia. The Plurinational State of Bolivia. Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia. Bulibya Mamallaqta. Wuliwya Suyu. Tetã Volívia


Peru. Republic of Peru. República del Perú


Colombia. Republic of Colombia. República de Colombia


Ecuador. Republic of Ecuador. República del Ecuador


Venezuela. Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela. República Bolivariana de Venezuela


Guyana. Co-operative Republic of Guyana


The Guianas


French Guiana. Department of Guiana. Guyane française. Guyane (département d'outre-mer)


Suriname. Republic of Suriname. Sranan. Republiek Suriname


Paraguay. Republic of Paraguay. República del Paraguay. Tetã Paraguái


Uruguay. Eastern Republic of Uruguay. República Oriental del Uruguay


New Zealand


States and regions of the South Pacific and Australia. Arctic. Antarctic


Melanesia. States and regions of Melanesia


Australia. Commonwealth of Australia


Papua New Guinea. Independent State of Papua New Guinea


Polynesia. States and regions of Polynesia


Micronesia. States and regions of Micronesia


Isolated Islands of the Pacific Ocean


Greenland / Gronland (Denmark)


Arctic territories


Antarctic territories. South Polar regions


First millennium CE


Dates and ranges of time (CE or AD) in conventional Christian (Gregorian) reckoning


Second millennium CE


Third millennium CE


Conventional time divisions and subdivisions: numbered, named, etc.


Time divisions other than dates in Christian (Gregorian) reckoning


Duration. Time-span. Period. Term. Ages and age-groups


Periodicity. Frequency. Recurrence at specified intervals.


Phanerozoic (542 MYBP to present) (eon)


Geological time division. Geochronology


Archaeological, prehistoric, protohistoric periods and ages


Geological, archaeological and cultural time divisions


Universal time reckoning. Before Present


Time reckonings: universal, secular, non-Christian religious


Secular time reckonings other than universal and the Christian (Gregorian) calendar


Dates and time units in non-Christian (non-Gregorian) religious time reckonings


Phenomena in time. Phenomenology of time


European Continental Ancestry Group


Human ancestry groups


Asian Continental Ancestry Group


African Continental Ancestry Group


Oceanic Ancestry Group


Peoples associated with particular places


Common auxiliaries of human ancestry, ethnic grouping and nationality. Table 1f


Romanic, 'Latin' peoples


Indo-European peoples


Introduces non-UDC notation (asterisk). Table 1h


call_number: A/Z

description: Direct alphabetical specification. Table 1h


Properties of existence


Common auxiliaries of properties. Table 1k


Properties of magnitude, degree, quantity, number, temporal values, dimension, size


Properties of shape


Properties of structure. Properties of position


Properties of arrangement


Properties of action and movement


Operational properties


Properties of style and presentation


Properties derived from other main classes


Naturally occurring mineral materials


Common auxiliaries of materials. Table 1k


Manufactured mineral-based materials


Metals


Materials of mainly organic origin


Macromolecular materials. Rubbers and plastics


Textiles. Fibres. Yarns. Fabrics. Cloth


Bias phase


Phase relations


Comparison phase


Influence phase


Tool phase. Exposition phase


Other terms descriptive of relationships between entities


Processes of existence


General processes


Processes of value


Common auxiliaries of relations, processes and operations. Table 1k


Processes of ordering and sequence


Processes of magnitude


Processes of number and degree


Processes related to time and chronology


Processes related to dimension


Processes related to shape


Processes related to position, arrangement, movement, physical properties, states of matter


Persons as agents, doers, practitioners (studying, making, serving, etc.)


Common auxiliaries of persons and personal characteristics. Table 1k


Persons as targets, clients, users (studied, served, etc.)


Human beings, born or unborn, living or dead


Persons according to age or age-groups


Children and infants (in general)


Adults. Grown-ups


Old persons. Persons in old age. Senior citizens


Residents (national or non-national)


Persons according to ethnic characteristics, nationality, citizenship, etc.


Nationals. Citizens of a country


Non-nationals. Foreigners. Aliens


Expatriates. Exiles. Repatriates. Migrants. Stateless persons


Male persons. Men


Persons according to gender and kinship


Female persons. Women


Persons according to sexual orientation


Persons in parental or ascendant relation. Ancestors. Forebears


Persons in filial or descendant relation


Persons in collateral relation


Persons according to general constitution, disposition or character


Persons according to constitution, health, disposition, hereditary or other traits


Persons according to physical state and health


Persons according to intelligence and mental or psychological state


Persons according to temperament, predisposition


Persons according to work, employment, administrative status


Persons according to occupation, work, livelihood, education


Clerical, administrative workers. Clerks. Office staff (white-collar workers)


Professional or academic workers


Persons in relation to workplace, site of employment. Persons in relation to the enterprise


Persons according to domicile and its relation to work or other activity


Persons according to income sources or insurance


Persons according to education, training, experience


Persons according to executive functions


Persons according to social class or status


Persons according to social class, civil status


Persons according to economic categories (means, security, other rights)


Persons belonging to marginal socioeconomic categories. Fringe groups


Victims of circumstances


Dependent persons. Dependants


Persons according to marriage, family or other civil status


Future of knowledge


Concepts of science and knowledge


Learned, scientific societies. Academies


Science and knowledge in general. Organization of intellectual work


Organization of science and scientific work


Methodology


Dissemination of ideas


Documentation. Books. Writings. Authorship


Prolegomena. Fundamentals of knowledge and culture. Propaedeutics


Origins, precursors of scripts. Early forms of scripts


Special auxiliary subdivision for writing systems and scripts


Emergence of writing


Graphic expression of language


Means of producing signs and scripts


Uses and styles of writing


Characteristics of writing


Techniques and methods of deciphering scripts


Picture writing


Conventional writing systems used for general purposes of literate language communities. Orthographies


Syllabic writing systems


Alphabetic writing systems


Scripts


Writing systems and scripts


Writing materials and equipment


Other kinds of graphic representation of thought


Documentation


Special auxiliary subdivision for computing


Problem-solving methods


System types and characteristics


Processing orientation


System and software quality


Memory characteristics


Input, output and storage media


Data representation


Computer architecture


Instruction set architecture


Memory system


Advanced architectures. Non-Von Neumann architectures


Production of computers


Special auxiliary subdivision for hardware


Computer installations


Processing units. Processing circuits


Computer hardware


Computer pathways


Memory units. Storage units


Peripherals. Input-output units


Computers. Kinds of computer


Software development tools


Special auxiliary subdivision for software


Programming language translation


Runtime environment


Software engineering


Software


Computer programming. Computer programs


Computer languages


System software


Computer infections


Display interface


Human-computer interaction. Man-machine interface. User interface. User environment


Sound interface


Hypermedia. Hypertext


User help


Data handling


Data


Files


Databases and their structures


Systems for numeric data


Computer communication hardware


Computer communication. Computer networks


Network architecture


Network interconnection. Internetworking


Networks according to area covered


Distributed processing systems


General networking applications and services


Online computing systems for specific use


Artificial intelligence


Computer science and technology. Computing. Data processing


Document processing and production


Application-oriented computer-based techniques


Computer graphics


Pattern information processing


Simulation


Management theory


Management


Management agents. Mechanisms. Measures


Organizational behaviour. Management psychology


Management activities


Management conditions. Factors


Processes in management


Management operations. Direction


Quality management. Total quality management (TQM)


Organizational management (OM)


Administrative management. Secretariat


Fields of management


Records management


Plant management. Physical resources management


Knowledge management


Personnel management. Human Resources management


Standards


Standardization of products, operations, weights, measures and time


Metrology. Weights and measures in general


Self-acting systems


Activity and organizing. Communication and control theory generally (cybernetics). 'Human engineering'


Universal and general bibliographies


Bibliography and bibliographies. Catalogues


Author bibliographies. Individual bibliographies


Collective bibliographies


Bibliographies of works of particular characteristics


Bibliographies of place


Special subject bibliographies


Catalogues in general. Subject catalogues


Catalogues


Name catalogues


Dictionary catalogues


Function, value, utility, creation, development of libraries


Librarianship


Library site, building, premises. Equipment


Library administration. Staff. Personnel


Relations with the public. Regulations for library use


Administrative departments of libraries


Special libraries


Libraries for special classes of user


General libraries


Libraries of institutions of higher education


Libraries of institutions of primary and secondary education


General reference works (as subject)


SCIENCE AND KNOWLEDGE. ORGANIZATION. COMPUTER SCIENCE. INFORMATION. DOCUMENTATION. LIBRARIANSHIP. INSTITUTIONS. PUBLICATIONS


Rights and obligations of members


Special auxiliary subdivision for organizations and associations


Awards. Honours. Prizes. Distribution of prizes, awards


Governmental organizations and cooperation


Organizations and other types of cooperation


Organizations with humanitarian, philanthropic aims


Nongovernmental organizations and cooperation


Secret or semi-secret organizations and movements


Foundations. Endowments. Institutions


Museums. Permanent exhibitions


Organizations of a general nature


Collective polygraphy


Polygraphies. Collective works


Pictorial material


Documents of particular form


Documents of particular origin or destination


Xylographic books


Manuscripts. Rare and remarkable works


Incunabula


Other precious, remarkable or rare printed works


Books remarkable for their binding


Books remarkable for their illustrations or for materials used


Marks of ownership or origin


Nature and role of philosophy


PHILOSOPHY. PSYCHOLOGY


General metaphysics. Ontology


Metaphysics


Cosmology. Philosophy of nature


General concepts and laws


Philosophy of mind and spirit. Metaphysics of spiritual life


Metaphysics of spiritual life


Possible philosophical attitudes. System typology


Philosophical systems and points of view


Kinds of viewpoint


Psychophysiology (physiological psychology). Mental physiology


Psychology


Mental development and capacity. Comparative psychology


Sensation. Sensory perception


Emotions. Affections. Sensibility. Feelings


Executive functions


Conation and movement


Work and fatigue. Efficiency


Volition. Will


Higher mental processes


Special mental states and processes


Abnormal psychology


Applied psychology (psychotechnology) in general


Fundamentals of logic


Logic. Epistemology. Theory of knowledge. Methodology of logic


Logistic. Symbolic logic. Mathematical logic. Logical calculus


Epistemological viewpoints and doctrines


Theory of knowledge. Epistemology


Logical methodology


Individual ethics. Human duties to oneself


Moral philosophy. Ethics. Practical philosophy


Social ethics. Duties to one`s fellow humans


Family ethics


Sexual ethics. Sexual morality


Ethics and society


The Holy. The sacred. The supernatural. Object(s) of religion/worship


Theory and philosophy of religion. Nature of religion. Phenomenon of religion


God. Gods (Personalised god(s) as distinct from immanent spirits)


Nature of god(s)


The universe. Nature of the universe. Cosmology


Man's relation to god(s)


Man. Mankind. Humanity. Doctrinal anthropology


Sacred books. Scriptures. Religious texts


Evidences of religion


Secondary literature. Pseudo-canonical works


Critical works


Other religious texts


Originator, founder, central figure of the faith


Persons in religion


Messiah(s)


Martyrs


Ascetics. Hermits. Fakirs


Saints. Bodhisattvas. Enlightened ones


Mahatmas. Gurus. Wise men


Charismatics. Persons with supernatural powers


Moral behaviour. Moral theology


Religious activities. Religious practice


Social customs and practice. Social theology


Charity. Support for others. Pastoral activities. Pastoral theology in the broad sense


Preaching (as education and instruction)


Education in religion


Buildings for religious use. Ecclesiology


Worship broadly. Cult. Rites and ceremonies


Objects in worship. Furnishings and decorations


Acts of worship (by participants)


Ceremonies by purpose


Sacraments. Sacramentals


Celebration


Comparison of religions


Processes in religion


Relations between faiths or with society in general. Religion and society


Nature and structure of the organized religion, church. Ecclesiology


Religious organization and administration


Government of the religion


Legal administration. Religious law. Canon law


Recruitment. Missionary activity. Missions broadly. Missiology


Organizational structure of the faith, religion


Religious organizations. Religious societies and associations


Properties relating to the state


Religions characterised by various properties


Schismatic groups. Heresies


History of the faith, religion, denomination or church


Special auxiliary subdivision for religion


Prehistoric religions


Prehistoric religions. Religions of early societies


Religions of early societies


Taoism


Religions of China


Religions of Korea


Religions originating in the Far East


Religions of Japan


Hinduism narrowly


Religions originating in Indian sub-continent. Hindu religion in the broad sense


Jainism


Sikhism


Hinayana Buddhism. The lesser vehicle. Theravada Buddhism. Pali school


Buddhism


Mahayana Buddhism. The great vehicle


Lamaism


Japanese Buddhism


Ancient Egyptian religion


Religions of antiquity. Minor cults and religions


Religions of Mesopotamia


Religions of Iran


Religions of classical antiquity


Religions of Europe


Religions of South and Central America. Pre-Columbian indigenous religions


Religion of the Biblical period. Ancient Judaism. Old Testament religion


Judaism


Ashkenazi Judaism


Sephardi Judaism


Orthodox Judaism


Progressive Judaism


Modern movements arising from Judaism


Eastern Church. Eastern Christianity


Christian churches and denominations


Roman Catholic church


Catholic church


Non-Roman Catholic episcopal churches


Protestantism generally. Protestants. Dissenters. Puritans


Protestant churches


Re-formed churches


Anabaptists


Free churches. Non-conformists


Other protestant churches


Modern Christian movements and churches


Western Church. Western Christianity


Sufism


Islam


Sunni. Sunnite Islam


Shi'a. Shi'ite Islam


Babi-Baha'i


Baha'i


Modern spiritual movements


Religious systems. Religions and faiths


Social questions. Social practice. Cultural practice. Way of life (Lebensweise)


SOCIAL SCIENCES


Gender studies


Sociography. Descriptive studies of society (both qualitative and quantitative)


Fundamentals, bases of statistics


Statistics as a science. Statistical theory


Research technique. Preparation. Tabulation


General organization of statistics. Official statistics


Private statistics


Object and scope of sociology


Sociology


Sociological points of view and trends


Basic elements and subsystems of global societies as sociological categories


Social structure. Society as a social system


Social stratification. Social differentiation


Social groups. Social organizations


Marriage and family


Social processes. Social dynamics


Social psychology


Sociology of culture. Cultural context of social life


Forms of political organization. States as political powers


Politics


Relation between people and state. Internal political activities


Home affairs. Internal policy


Class war. Forms of class warfare


Opening up of territories. Colonization. Colonialism


Slavery. Involuntary, unfree labour


Imperialism. Imperialistic policy. Political expansionism


International relations. World, global politics. International affairs. Foreign policy


Internationalism. International movements, objectives


International blocs. Tension, conflict


Activity of international and intergovernmental organizations


Political influence, pressure, on other states


Parliaments. Representation of the people. Governments


Political parties and movements


Dynamics of the economy. Economic movement


Economics in general


National property. National assets. Social product. Balance of the economy. Estimation of national product


History of economic theories, doctrines, dogmas


Salaries. Wages. Remuneration. Pay


Labour. Employment. Work. Labour economics. Organization of labour


Working conditions other than pay


Labour market. Employment


Regional economics. Territorial economics


Regional economics. Territorial economics. Land economics. Housing economics


Land value. Value of plots, sites, holdings. Real-estate value. Productivity. Rents


Trade in land, in real estate


Public expenditure. State expenditure


Finance


Money. Monetary system. Banking. Stock exchanges


Economic situation. Trade cycle. Development of economic structure. Growth


Economic situation. Economic policy. Management of the economy. Economic planning. Production. Services. Prices


Economic policy. Control of the economy. Management of the economy. Economic planning


Production


Tourism


Production and services according to economic sectors


Inland trade. Internal trade. Domestic trade


Trade. Commerce. International economic relations. World economy


International economy generally. International economic relations. Global economy


Positive law. Legal norm. Enacted law. Statute law. Ius scriptum. Operation of legal norm. Rules of its application


Types and forms of law


Unwritten law. Non-statute law. Ius non scriptum. Other sources of law


Comparative law


Law in general. Legal methods and auxiliary sciences


Auxiliary legal sciences. Forensic psychology. Forensic chemistry. Forensic medicine


Law of international organizations


Public international law. Law of nations


Law of war. International legal relations in war


International criminal law


International arbitration. International adjudication, jurisdiction


Diplomatic law. Laws of diplomacy


Consular law


International private law. Conflict of laws


International law


State. People. Nation. Power of the state


Public law. Constitutional law. Administrative law


State. Structure of states


Supreme authority. Sovereignty. Forms of state. Forms of government


Constitutions. Legislative assemblies. National assemblies


Power of the state. System and function of organs of government


Executive power of the state. Central organs of state government


Administrative law


Criminal justice. Criminal investigation. Criminal proceedings


Criminal law. Penal offences


Criminal law proper


Criminal law


Offences against the state


Particular offences. Specific punishable acts


Offences against fundamental liberties, human rights


Offences against public credit, morality, the family


Offences against the person


Punishment. Execution of sentence. Crime prevention. Deterrence


Criminology. Criminal sciences. Criminalistics


Special criminal law. Military, naval, air force laws


Subjects of economic law


Economic law. Law of government control of the economy


Economic liabilities. Economic contracts


Regulation of economic order and control


Regulation of prices, tariffs, finance, credits and accounts


Regulation of individual sectors of the economy


Enforcement of economic law. Sanctions. Supervision. Commercial disputes. Settlement. Legal protection


Generalities of civil law


Civil law


Movables in general. Personalty


Commitments. Contractual liabilities. Bonds. Contracts. Agreements


Noncontractual liabilities. Torts


Family law. Law of inheritance. Heirs. Successors


Laws of air, space, ether


Legal procedure. Judiciary personnel and organization


Special branches of law. Miscellaneous legal matters


Law. Jurisprudence


Particular activities of public administration


Public administration. Government. Military affairs


Lowest levels of administration. Local government. Municipal administration. Local authorities


Levels of administration. Local, regional, central administration


Primary divisions of a country. Regions (generally). States in a federation


Middle levels of administration. Regional, provincial government. Regional authorities


Provincial governments. Provinces. Departments. Counties


Divisions of provinces. Subprefectures. Arrondissements. Kreise


Special kinds of regional administration


Independent administration of regions of a country. Ministries of regions


Ministries for general business


High level, top level of administration. Central, national government


Armed forces generally. Armed services. Military life


Military affairs generally


Recruitment of forces. Requisition of supplies, resources. War potential. Levies


General organization of the armed forces


War operations in general. Tactics. Strategy. Theatre of war. History of campaigns


Service in, tactics of, particular forces and units. Training of troops and officers. Tactical exercises


Military administration


Military establishments: organization, functions


Army service generally. Infantry. Foot soldiers


Cavalry. Mounted troops. Motorized troops


Individual branches of land and air forces


Artillery


Artillery. Engineers. Aviation. Various technical units and their function


Military aviation. Flying corps. Air force


Naval forces. Military fleet. Navy: personnel, organization


Military affairs. Art of war. Military science. Defence. Armed forces


Theories of social welfare


Social welfare


Principles of assistance


Social welfare agencies. Social welfare organizations


People as providers of social welfare assistance


Social welfare facilities


Contributions and payments


Social welfare operations. Welfare effort. Social services. Service provision


Basic human needs. Requirements for well-being


Social benefits. Social allowances. Social insurance. Social assistance


Fields of practice in social work


Social welfare issues


Consumerism


Safeguarding the mental and material necessities of life


Insurance. Communal provision through sharing of risk


Fundamentals of education. Theory, policy, etc.


Special auxiliary table for theory, principles, methods and organization of education


General questions of didactics and method


Education in relation to the educand, pupil. Guidance


Social problems. Human contacts, relationships


Management aspects of educational institutions


Organization of instruction


Kinds of school providing general education


Education


Education and training out of school. Further education


Education, teaching, training of special groups of persons. Special schools


Specialized instruction. Vocational, technical, professional training. Vocational colleges, institutes. Polytechnics


Higher education. Universities. Academic study


Costume. Clothing. National dress. Fashion. Adornment


Cultural anthropology. Ethnography. Customs. Manners. Traditions. Way of life


Customs, manners, usage in private life


Death. Treatment of corpses. Funerals. Death rites


Social ceremonial. Etiquette. Good manners. Social forms. Rank. Title


Parts of the environment


The environment and its protection


Threats to the environment


Environmental science. Conservation of natural resources. Threats to the environment and protection against them


General problems of mathematical logic. Foundations of mathematics


Fundamental and general considerations of mathematics


Set theory


Number theory


Mathematics


Algebra


Differential geometry. Algebraic and analytic methods in geometry


Geometry


Topology


Differential equations. Integral equations. Other functional equations. Finite differences. Calculus of variations. Functional analysis


Analysis


Combinatorial analysis. Graph theory


Computational mathematics. Numerical analysis


Mathematical cybernetics


Game theory


Operational research (OR): mathematical theories and methods


Mathematical programming


Astronomical instruments and techniques


Astronomy. Astrophysics. Space research. Geodesy


Astrometry. Spherical astronomy


Theoretical astronomy. Celestial mechanics


Earth-Moon system


The Solar System


Planets and their satellites. Planetology


Interplanetary medium. Comets. Meteors. Meteorites


The Sun. Solar physics


Cosmic rays. Primary cosmic rays


Stars. Stellar systems. The Universe


Stars


Star clusters. Associations of stars


Interstellar medium. Galactic nebulae


The Galaxy (Milky Way)


Extragalactic systems


The Universe. Metagalaxy. Cosmology


Theory of errors and adjustment in geodesy and photogrammetry


Geodesy. Surveying. Photogrammetry. Remote sensing. Cartography


Figure of the Earth. Earth measurement. Mathematical geodesy. Physical geodesy. Astronomical geodesy


Geodetic surveying


Field surveying. Land surveying. Cadastral survey. Topography. Engineering survey. Special fields of surveying


Geodetic instruments and equipment


Photogrammetry: aerial, terrestrial


Remote sensing


Theory and nature of phenomena


Special auxiliary subdivision for physics


General laws of phenomena


Production and causes of phenomena


Effects of phenomena


Observation and recording of phenomena. Visual indication of phenomena


Application, utilization of phenomena


Apparatus for production and study of phenomena


General principles and theory of measurement and the design of measuring apparatus. Measurement methods


Dependence of phenomena on certain fundamental physical effects


One-dimensional. Lines


Special auxiliary subdivision for mechanics


Two-dimensional. Planes. Surfaces


Three-dimensional. Bodies. Spaces


Hyperspace (space of more than three dimensions)


Non-Euclidean spaces


Kinematics. Mathematical-mechanical geometry of motion


General mechanics. Mechanics of solid and rigid bodies


Statics. Forces. Equilibrium. Attraction


Dynamics. Kinetics


Work. Weight. Mass. Friction. Passive resistance


Gravity. Gravitation. Pendulums. Ballistics


Mechanical energy. Conservation of mechanical energy


Measurement of geometric and mechanical quantities: instruments, methods and units


Theory of machines. Technical mechanics in general


Hydrostatics in general


Fluid mechanics in general. Mechanics of liquids (hydromechanics)


Equilibrium of liquids


Immersed bodies (submerged bodies). Floating bodies


Liquid motion. Hydrodynamics


Surface phenomena. Surface tension. Capillarity


Kinetic theory of liquids. Osmosis. Solution and solutions


Properties of gases


Mechanics of gases. Aeromechanics. Plasma physics


Elasticity. Compressibility. Liquefaction. Gas mixing. Gaseous mixtures


Rarefied gases. Vacuum physics


Aerodynamics


Kinetic theory of gases. Continuity of state


Plasma physics


Vibration of bodies. Excitation of vibrations. Vibratory formations with distributed mass and elasticity


Vibrations. Waves. Acoustics


Propagation of vibrations. Processes in the acoustic field


Musical sounds and perception


Analysis and synthesis of sounds


Composition of vibrations


Acoustic measurements


Physiological acoustics. Medical acoustics


Applications of acoustics (theory)


Long waves. Infrared


Radiation according to wavelength. Hertzian waves. Light colours


Visible light. Colours


Short waves


Polarized light


Special auxiliary subdivision for optics


Natural light


Partially polarized light


Totally reflected light


Theory of light


Optics


Propagation and energetics of radiation. Photometry


Propagation. Reflection. Refraction. Absorption. Emission


Interference. Diffraction. Scattering by diffraction


Polarization. Double refraction. Dispersion in anisotropic bodies


Applications of optics in general


General theory of heat


Heat. Thermodynamics. Statistical physics


Heat conduction. Heat transfer


Effect of bodies on heat radiation


Effect of heat input and temperature on volume and structure of bodies


Temperature. Temperature scales. Temperature measurement. Thermometers. Temperature control


Measurement of heat quantity. Calorimetry


Thermodynamics. Energetics


Static electricity. Electrostatics


Electricity. Magnetism. Electromagnetism


Current electricity. Electric current. Electrokinetics


Electron and ion phenomena


Magnetism


Magnetism. Electromagnetism


Electromagnetism. Electromagnetic field. Electrodynamics


Condensed matter physics. Solid state physics


Physics


Nuclear physics. Atomic physics. Molecular physics


Physical nature of matter


Properties and structure of molecular systems


Elasticity. Deformation. Mechanics of elastic solids


Strength. Resistance to stress


Properties of materials affecting deformability


Intermolecular forces


Other physico-mechanical effects


State of substance


Special auxiliary subdivision for state of substance, chemicals


Particular kinds of compound


Chemicals. Reagents


Chemical substances and systems. Origin. Occurrence. Phases


Special auxiliary subdivision for composition, production, preparation and analysis


Composition. Structure. Isotopes


Production. Preparation. Isolation. Purification etc.


Analysis, investigation and handling in general


Apparatus and equipment for preparation, investigation and analysis


Measurement principles, methods, techniques. Instrumentation


Chemical laboratories


Practical laboratory chemistry. Preparative and experimental chemistry


Laboratory apparatus and instrumentation in general. Laboratory methods in general


Measurement of weight, mass. Measurement of volume


Heat and cold application


Use of flames. Blowlamps


Working with liquids


Working with gases


Physical, physicochemical and electrical operations


Chemical reactions. Special chemical processes


Chemical methods of analysis


Analytical chemistry


Water sampling and analysis


Spectral analysis methods. Optical analysis methods


Physicochemical methods of analysis (other than optical methods)


Analysis of different substances. Analytical control in production conditions


Analysis by biological and biochemical reactions. Biological methods used for analytical purposes


Chemical substances and systems. Origin. Natural state. Phases


Special auxiliary subdivision for physical chemistry


Chemical composition. Structure. Isotopes etc.


Physical properties and phenomena. Constants. Effects acting on state and properties of matter


Instruments and equipment


Chemical structure of matter


Physical chemistry


Physical chemistry of solids, liquids and gases


Chemical thermodynamics


Chemical kinetics. Catalysis


Chemistry of high energy processes


Electrochemistry


Chemistry of surface phenomena and colloids


Nonmetals and metalloids in general


Inorganic chemistry


Metals in general


Classification of organic compounds. Element-organic compounds


Organic chemistry


Mathematical crystallography. Continuum theory of crystals


Crystallography


Crystal growths. Crystalline aggregates


Crystal chemistry


Irregularities in crystals


Formation, growth and solution of crystals


Fine structure of crystals. Discontinuum theory of crystals


Native elements and alloys


Systematic mineralogy


Sulphides. Sulpho-salts


Halides


Oxygen compounds


Silicates. Titanates. Zirconates. Stannates


Other compounds of oxyacids


Organic minerals


Physiography


Ancillary sciences of geology


Geoastronomy. Cosmogony


Geophysics


Geobiology. Geological actions of organisms


Applied geology and geophysics. Geological prospecting and exploration. Interpretation of results


General structure of the Earth


General geology


Vulcanicity. Vulcanism. Volcanoes. Eruptive phenomena. Eruptions


Internal geodynamics (endogenous processes)


Geotectonics


Glaciology


External geodynamics (exogenous processes)


Speleology. Caves. Fissures. Underground waters


Geomorphology. Study of the Earth's physical forms


Physical oceanography. Submarine topography. Ocean floor


Climatology


Meteorology


Palaeogeography


General geology. Meteorology. Climatology. Historical geology. Stratigraphy. Palaeogeography


Rock characteristics and properties generally. Physical and physicochemical petrology


Petrology. Petrography


Magmatic rocks. Igneous rocks


Igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic petrology


Metamorphic rocks


Sedimentary rocks


Meteorites


Ore formation. Mineral formation


Economic geology. Mineral deposits


Ore deposits (metalliferous mineral deposits) in general. Iron and manganese ores


Ore and other mineral deposits. Natural resources


Ore deposits other than iron and manganese


Natural stone deposits


Deposits of various inorganic economic minerals and earths (mainly nonmetalliferous)


Mineral springs


Deposits of precious and semiprecious stones. Gemstone deposits


Deposits of carbonaceous rocks. Hydrocarbon deposits


Groundwater hydrology. Geohydrology. Hydrogeology


Hydrosphere. Water in general. Hydrology


Surface-water hydrology. Land hydrology


General laws. Theoretical aspects. Characteristics. Properties


Special auxiliary subdivision for theoretical aspects, characteristics, factors, etc. in biology


Biological and ethological processes


Pattern of property variations


Factors. Influences


Nomenclature and classification of organisms. Taxonomy


Biological techniques, experimental methods and equipment in general


Anthropogeny. Human development in general. Origin of the human species


Physical anthropology


Special anthropogeography. Individual human ancestry groups


General and theoretical biology


Biological sciences in general


General ecology and biodiversity


General genetics. General cytogenetics


Cellular and subcellular biology. Cytology


Material bases of life. Biochemistry. Molecular biology. Biophysics


Virology


General microbiology


Microbiology


Applied microbiology


Classification and systematics of microorganisms


Plant physiology


General botany


Plant diseases. Plant pathology. Phytopathology


Embryology of plants


Plant morphology. Plant anatomy


Habits of plants. Plant behaviour. Plant ecology. Plant ethology. The plant and its environment. Bionomics of plants


Applied botany. Use of plants. Technobotany. Economic botany


Plant histology


Geographic botany. Plant geography (phytogeography). Floras. Geographic distribution of plants


Trees (large woody plants with trunk)


Special auxiliary subdivisions for classification of plants according to size and form


Shrubs (smaller woody plants without single trunk)


Undergrowth. Undershrubs (e.g. brambles - Rosoideae)


Woody climbers (e.g. ivy - Araliaceae)


Herbaceous or non-woody plants (often called 'plants' or 'flowers')


Bacteria (as plants)


Systematic botany


Protista (protists). Chromista


Fungi. Eumycota / Eumycetes (true fungi). Moulds


Lichens


Bryophyta (Musci)


Plantae (plants)


Pteridophyta. Ferns. Fern allies. Fernlike spore plants


Tracheophyta (vascular plants)


Gymnosperms (naked seed plants)


Spermatophyta (phanerogams / seed plants)


Rosidae (rosids)


Dicotyledoneae / Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons / dicots)


Asteridae (asterids)


Animal physiology


General zoology


Diseases of (undomesticated) animals. Animal pathology


Animal embryology. Animal ontogeny. Development of the individual organism


Study of animal organs. Animal organology. Animal anatomy. Zootomy


Animal habits. Animal behaviour. Ecology. Ethology. Animal and environment. Bionomy


Economic zoology. Applied zoology


Animal histology


Geographic zoology. Zoogeography. Fauna. Geographic distribution of animals


Invertebrata (invertebrates)


Systematic zoology


Mollusca. Bryozoa. Brachiopoda


Hexapoda. Insecta (insects)


Articulata


Tunicata / Urochordata (tunicates)


Chordata


Pisces (fishes) (scientifically outdated)


Vertebrata (vertebrates)


Gymnophiona (caecilians)


Amphibia (amphibians)


Anura (tailless amphibians)


Caudata (tailed amphibians)


Reptilia (reptiles)


Sauropsida. Synapsida


Aves (birds)


Prototheria


Mammalia (mammals)


Diprotodontia


Pholidota. Xenarthra


Eutheria (placental mammals)


Rodentia. Lagomorpha


Dermoptera. Cynocephalidae


Chiroptera (bats)


Cetacea. Sirenia


Proboscidea (proboscideans)


Ungulata (ungulates / hoofed mammals)


Hyracoidea. Procaviidae


Tubulidentata. Orycteropodidae


Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)


Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)


Carnivora (carnivorans)


Scandentia (treeshrews)


Prosimii (prosimians)


Primates


Platyrrhini (New World monkeys)


Simiiformes (simians)


Hylobatidae (lesser apes)


Fundamental concepts


Biotechnology


Processes and techniques in biotechnology


Biotechnology products


Applications of biotechnology


Issues in biotechnology


Anatomy. Human and comparative anatomy


Human biology


Blood. Cardiovascular, circulatory system


Systematic physiology


Respiration. Breathing. Respiratory system


Alimentation. Eating. Digestion. Nutrition


Glandular system. Secretion. Excretion


Animal heat. Thermal processes


Reproduction. Growth. Development


Motor functions. Organs of locomotion. Voice. Integument


Nervous system. Sensory organs


Dietetics. Nutrition principles applied to feeding and foods


Hygiene generally. Personal health and hygiene


Personal hygiene. Clothing


Hygiene of dwellings


Occupational health hazards. Occupational health and hygiene


Health and hygiene of leisure, recreation, sleep


Health and hygiene in relation to age, sex, ethnicity


Public and professional organization of health


Public health and hygiene. Accident prevention


National health services


Sanitary inspection and control


Prevention and control of communicable (infectious, contagious) diseases. Prevention of epidemics


Cemetery hygiene. Disposal of the dead


Hygiene of air, water, soil. Pollution and its control


Animal health. Veterinary hygiene


General and professional pharmacy


Pharmacology. Therapeutics. Toxicology


Medicaments according to their principal action


Medicaments according to their origin


Pharmaceutical preparations. Medical material. Equipment


Physiotherapy. Physical therapy. Radiotherapy. Other nonmedicinal therapeutic treatment


General toxicology. General studies of poisons and poisoning (intoxication)


Traumata. Injuries. Wounds


Special auxiliary subdivision for morbid processes


Inflammation. Irritation. Engorgement (hyperaemia). Mucous congestion


Regressive and reparative processes


Sclerosis. Hardening (induration). Cirrhosis


Local circulatory disorders


Tumours. Neoplasms. Blastomata. Choristomata. Hamartomata. Oncology


Defective structural development. Physiological deformities. Malformations. Hemiterata. Oversized, undersized organs. Teratology. Monsters. Abnormalities


Functional and metabolic disorders


Neural (nervous) disorders


Various aspects of disease, patients and medical intervention


Special auxiliary subdivision for general aspects of pathology


Aetiology. Science of the causes of disease


Various forms of disease, of treatment, of administration of medicaments


Persons and personal characteristics in pathology. Characteristics of the patient


Complications. Consequences. Repercussions. Concurrence, simultaneous state. Correlation. Previous illnesses. Previous state of health. Antagonism of two diseases


Semeiology. Symptomatology. Signs and symptoms. Examination. Diagnosis. Propaedeutics


Treatment


Pathological anatomy. Morbid anatomy


Pathological physiology. Processes, mode of action of diseases. Pathogenesis. Study of origin of diseases


Microbial techniques


Microbial morphology


Microbial physiology


Immunogenicity


Microbial physics, chemistry, metabolism, catabolism


Poisoning. Intoxication


Medical instruments and equipment in general


Special auxiliary subdivision for medical and surgical instrumentation and equipment


Surgical and therapeutic instruments


Reinforcement and reparative materials and equipment


Corrective and protective appliances, aids etc.


Prosthetic materials and parts. Artificial organs etc.


Machines and mechanical apparatus


Pathology of the circulatory system, blood vessels. Cardiovascular complaints


Special pathology


Pathology of the respiratory system. Complaints of the respiratory organs


Stomatology. Oral cavity. Mouth. Diseases of the mouth and teeth


Pathology of the digestive system. Complaints of the alimentary canal


Pathology of the lymphatic system, haemopoietic (haematopoietic) organs, endocrines


Skin. Common integument. Clinical dermatology. Cutaneous complaints


Pathology of the urogenital system. Urinary and sexual (genital) complaints. Urology


Pathology of the organs of locomotion. Skeletal and locomotor systems


Psychiatry. Pathological psychiatry. Psychopathology. Phrenopathies. Psychoses. Mental abnormality. Morbid mental states. Behavioural and emotional disturbances


Neurology. Neuropathology. Nervous system


Communicable diseases. Infectious and contagious diseases, fevers


Orthopaedics in general


Surgery. Orthopaedics. Ophthalmology


Ophthalmology. Eye disorders and treatment


Gynaecology. Obstetrics


Medical sciences


General characteristics of machines


Special auxiliary subdivision for technology in general


Fixed and movable parts, components of machines


Fluid control parts and drives. Valves, closures etc.


State, condition, form of materials, surfaces, objects, products


Operation and control of machines and processes


Devices for servicing, maintenance and protection of machines


Machines according to motive power, propulsive force. Source of energy of machine


Nanotechnology


Materials testing. Commercial materials. Power stations. Economics of energy


Economics of energy in general


Heat engines in general. Generation, distribution and use of steam. Steam engines. Boilers


Mechanical engineering in general. Nuclear technology. Electrical engineering. Machinery


Hydraulic energy. Water power. Hydraulic machinery


Electrical engineering


Fluids handling, storage and distribution plant and techniques


Mechanical technology in general: processes, tools, machines, equipment


Machine elements. Motive power engineering. Materials handling. Fixings. Lubrication


Working or machining with chip formation. Abrasive working. Hammers and presses


Preliminary investigation. Mine surveying and mapping. Exploration of mineral deposits (surface and underground)


Mining


Mining operations. Exploration, opening-up, development, working of mineral deposits


Mining of specific minerals, ores, rocks


Ventilation, air conditioning, heating and illumination of mines


Mine drainage. Unwatering (dewatering)


Haulage and handling. Hoisting. Winding. Surface transport


Treatment, processing of minerals. Mineral dressing. Ore preparation


Fortresses. Permanent fortifications. Fortified lines, areas


Field engineering. Fortifications. Defence works


Assault and defence works. Siege works. Field fortifications. Trench works


Land minefields. Field obstacles. Flooding


Armaments. Ordnance. Arms. Weapons. Guns. Artillery. Small arms. Side arms. Armoured and other service vehicles. Ammunition and war gases. Guided missiles and rockets


Land-based military engineering. Artillery


Ballistics. Gunnery. Theoretical and experimental problems


Field engineering equipment and operations. Lines of communication. Radar countermeasures. Military topography


Military and naval aviation. Air defence


Naval construction. Naval bases. Warships and other vessels


Naval engineering


Material and equipment of naval forces. Protection and armament of vessels. Submarine defences


Structures and structural parts according to material and method of construction


Special auxiliary subdivision for civil and structural engineering


Size, permanence, location and shape of structures


Structural design. Graphical and analytical statics for investigation and calculation of structures


Site, organization and plant. Construction methods


Structural elements. Load-bearing members


Substructures. Earthworks. Foundations. Tunnelling


Civil and structural engineering in general


Truss bridges (open-web, lattice girder bridges)


Bridge construction


Cable bridges. Suspension bridges


Arch bridges


Movable bridges


Superstructures (except bridges). Superstructures complete in themselves


Railways in general. Permanent way. Track construction


Railways. Tramways. Cableways


Cable railways. Funicular railways. Suspension railways. Aerial ropeways and cableways. Telphers


Highways in general. Roads. Carriageways. Streets. Rural and urban road systems


Highway engineering


Hard surfacing of highways. Pavement, carpet or wearing course. Preparation and use of materials


Inland navigable waterways. Canals. Canalized rivers


Hydraulic engineering in general


Locks


Lifting gear and inclined planes for vessels


Agricultural hydraulics. Irrigation, drainage and reclamation engineering


Maritime canals. Ship canals


Ports, harbours and roadsteads: engineering and construction works in general


Natural waterway, port, harbour and shore engineering. Navigational, dredging, salvage and rescue facilities. Dams and hydraulic power plant


In-port facilities. Docks. Wharfs. Quays. Installations and equipment


River bank protection. Straightening of rivers and streams. Other river improvement works


Other waterway protection and improvement works. Dykes. Coast protection. Land drainage and reclamation


Navigational facilities. Channel maintenance. Marine salvage and rescue facilities


Dams. Hydraulic power plant works


Water supply. Water treatment. Water consumption


Public health engineering. Water. Sanitation. Illuminating engineering


Urban water removal. Town drainage. Sewerage


Sewage. Treatment, disposal, utilization of sewage


Urban hygiene. Wastes. Refuse. Rubbish. Garbage. Collection and disposal of town wastes


Measures against industrial and other nuisances


Drainage and sanitary installations of buildings (particularly public health requirements)


Indoor climate. Air conditioning. Heating. Ventilating


Lighting. Illumination engineering


Vehicle design principles: characteristics, capabilities, tests


Special auxiliary subdivision for transport vehicle engineering


Vehicle structure, construction principles, general layout and parts


Propulsion systems


Interior layout: accommodation, installation, equipment for persons and freight


Guidance, control-initiation and navigation systems and instruments (vehicle-borne)


Vehicle auxiliary systems and devices


Technical aspects of vehicular operations. Operational techniques


Base equipment, installations and corresponding technical procedures


Land vehicle engineering (excluding rail vehicles)


Transport vehicle engineering


Rail vehicle engineering. Locomotives. Rolling stock. Railway yards. Installations and services concerned with rolling stock


Watercraft engineering. Marine engineering. Boats. Ships. Boatbuilding and shipbuilding


Air and space transport engineering. Aeronautics and aircraft. Rockets and missiles. Astronautics and spacecraft


Forests, forestry and the utilization of forest products


Forestry


Factors of the environment. Forest biology


Work science (work studies) in forestry. Harvesting of wood: logging and transport. Forest engineering


Forest injuries and protection


Forest management. Business economics of forestry. Administration and organization of forest enterprises


Forest products and their utilization


Farm buildings, structures and installations. Buildings for livestock, produce, machinery and equipment


Agriculture in general


Agricultural machines, implements and equipment


Soil science. Pedology. Soil research


Agricultural operations


Rural engineering


Fertilizers, manures and soil enrichment. Promotion of growth. Plant stimulants


Plant damage, injuries. Plant diseases. Pests, organisms injurious to plants. Plant protection


Farm management. Agronomy. Horticulture


Cereals. Grain crops


Field crops and their production


Forage grasses. Meadow and pasture grasses


Forage plants except grasses


Edible roots and tubers. Root crops


Textile and fibre plants


Sugar and starch plants


Plants yielding stimulants. Beverage plants


Aromatic plants. Condiment plants. Oleaginous plants. Dye plants. Tanning plants. Medicinal plants


Other plants with industrial uses


Stone fruits. Drupes in general


Fruit growing


Rutaceous and moraceous fruits. Citrous fruits in general


Other pulp fruits


Nuts


Various tropical and subtropical fruits


Small fruits of shrubs and herbaceous plants. Berries


Viticulture. Grape vines. Vineyards


Edible roots. Root vegetables


Vegetables. Kitchen gardening


Edible tubers and bulbs


Plants with edible stalks, leaves or flowers


Other green vegetables. Leaf vegetables


Edible fruits and seeds. Pulses


Aromatic herbs. Plants for seasoning


Edible fungi


Ornamentals. Decorative plants. Ornamental gardening


Garden plants. Gardening


Origin, evolution and domestication of animals kept by humans. Taming of animals. Biological bases of rearing and training


Special auxiliary subdivision for animal husbandry


Animals kept for breeding, showing and scientific uses


Animals bred or kept for food or other produce (productivity, yield). Farm and ranch animals in general


Animals bred or kept for work and service or pleasure of humans


Animals according to breeding


Characteristics, constitution and special biological features of domestic animals


General questions of breeding and rearing


Veterinary science


Domestic equines. Horses


Animal husbandry and breeding in general. Livestock rearing. Breeding of domestic animals


Large ruminants. Cattle, oxen


Small ruminants


Pigs. Swine


Poultry


Birds (except poultry and game) bred or kept by humans


Dogs


Cats


Other animals kept by humans


Produce of domestic (farmyard) animals and game


Agriculture and related sciences and techniques. Forestry. Farming. Wildlife exploitation


Keeping, breeding and management of insects and other arthropods


Hunting


Hunting. Fishing. Fish breeding


Fishing. Fisheries


Fish breeding. Pisciculture


Breeding of aquatic molluscs (shellfish)


Breeding of aquatic crustaceans


Other marine products


The household. Household management


Special auxiliary subdivision for domestic science


Study of work and working methods in the household


Home economics. Housekeeping, furnishing and equipping a home etc. for particular kinds of person


Household appliances and machines. Labour-saving devices in the home


Moving house. Removals


Types of household


Home economics. Domestic science. Housekeeping


Food. Cooking. Dishes


Food. Cooking. Dishes. Meals


Meals and mealtimes. Tableware


Indoor climate control. Heating. Ventilation. Air conditioning


Installations for health and comfort in dwellings


Domestic lighting


Domestic water supply and sanitary installations


Furniture and household fittings


The home. Household fittings and furnishings


Making and mending of clothes at home. Domestic dressmaking


Clothing. Body care


Clothing. Garments


Body care. Beauty care. Accessories for dressing and undressing


Washing. Laundry. Cleaning


Personal requisites. Household management


Domestic care of children, invalids, guests


Telegraphy, telephony, radio, television services


Telecommunication and telecontrol (organization, services)


Signalling. Various telecommunication services. Remote control (telecontrol)


Publishing and bookselling in general


Graphic industries. Printing. Publishing. Book trade


Road transport


Land transport


Rail transport. Rail traffic


Transport by light railways


Land transport by conveyor systems and pipelines


Transport by water


Transport and postal services. Traffic organization and control


Transport by air. Air traffic


Postal services and administration


Accountancy


Communication and transport industries. Accountancy. Business management. Public relations


Forms of enterprise. Finances


Business management, administration. Commercial organization


Installations and plant. Premises. Buildings, works, factories. Materials


Human relations in the enterprise. Personnel management


Production engineering and planning. Design. Production management and control


Commercial organization and practice. Goods. Services


Buying. Purchasing. Procurement. Management of stock


Other commercial activities


Publicity. Advertising


Publicity. Information work. Public relations


Information work. Advisory and consultancy services


Mass communication. Informing, enlightening of the public at large


Public relations (PR)


Fundamentals of chemical engineering


Special auxiliary subdivision for chemical engineering


Chemical processing operations and equipment in general


Materials, characteristics, processes and equipment


Chemical technology of liquids. Processes and equipment for treatment of or with liquids


Special chemical industries


Chemicals


Production of sulphur and its derivatives


Production of soda and potash, alkalis


Production of halogens and halogen compounds, inorganic peroxo-compounds


Production of nitrogen compounds. Fixation of nitrogen. Nitrogen industry in general


Production of various nonmetals and semimetals (metalloids), and their compounds


Production of organic substances. Organic chemicals


Metallic compounds in general. Salts. Mineral compounds


Fireworks. Pyrotechnic and related devices


Explosives


High explosives


Propellant powders. Gunpowders


Initiators, primers for explosives. Detonators


Igniters. Kindlers. Matches. Lighters


Explosives. Fuels


Heat or fuel economy in general. Combustion. Natural fuels


Heat economy. Fuel economy. Fuels. Heating


Mechanical treatment for solidification of fuels. Briquetting


Furnace and combustion engineering


Microbiological industries. Science and technique of applied microbiology. Applied mycology


Industrial microbiology. Industrial mycology. Zymurgy, fermentation industry. Beverage industry. Stimulant industry


Wine. Winemaking. Oenology


Cider. Perry. Other fruit wines, sap wines


Beers. Brewing. Malting


Potable alcohol. Spirituous liquors (ardent spirits). Alcohol distillation, refining


Water for beverages and other industrial uses. Mineral waters. Medicinal waters. Edible ice


Main ingredients for the blending of drinks. Fruit and vegetable juices. Syrups. Liqueurs. Soft drinks


Chocolate. Cocoa. Coffee. Tea. Tobacco


Sugar. Molasses. Glucose etc.


Production and preservation of solid foodstuffs


Starch. Amylaceous materials


Edible oils and fats. Margarine. Protein foodstuffs


Edible minerals


Spices. Condiments


Baking. Bread. Flour confectionery


Technology and processing of cereal grains


Cereal technology. Flour and corn milling. Grain processing


Food preservation technique


Generalities on oils, fats, waxes and products derived from them


Oils. Fats. Waxes. Adhesives. Gums. Resins


Oils, fats and waxes of animal origin


Vegetable oils, fats, waxes, phosphatides


Essential oils. Perfumery. Cosmetics


Mineral oil technology. Technology of petroleum and allied products


Processes and products of the petroleum and allied industries


Products of the mineral oil industry. Mineral oils and similar products


Miscellaneous organic chemical industries


Glass industry. Glass technology. Glass manufacture in general. Glass in the comprehensive sense


Glass industry. Ceramics. Cement and concrete


Ceramics in general. Ceramic raw materials


Ceramics


Porcelain. China


Stoneware. Earthenware (porous ceramic ware)


Coarse ceramics. Heavy clayware. Refractories. Hard ceramic materials. Mixtures of ceramics and other materials


Gypsum, lime and cement industries. Hard-setting materials. Plasters and compositions. Mortar and concrete


Dyestuffs industry. Manufacture and use of dyestuffs


Colour industries


Writing inks


Printing inks (black or coloured). Lithographic inks. Writing and drawing pencils. Coloured crayons


Coatings and coating techniques. Paints. Varnishes. Lacquers


Colouring, staining etc., of various materials (except printing and painting)


Ferrous metallurgy. Iron and steel


Metallurgy


Nonferrous metals in general


Gold and silver articles. Articles of other precious metals. Jewellery


Articles of precious metals, gems, precious stones


Manufacture of coins and medals. Minting


Articles of iron and steel in general


Various industries, trades and crafts


Articles of nonferrous metals (except precious metals)


Timber and woodworking industry


Leather industry (including fur and imitation leather)


Pulp, paper and board industry


Bast fibres (fibres from dicotyledon stems). Hard fibres (fibres from monocotyledon leaves and fruit)


Vegetable fibres


Vegetable hairs


Animal fibres


Natural fibres


Man-made fibres


Textile fibres


Mineral and metal fibres. Braiding materials. Rubber threads. Paper yarns


Natural rubber. Other natural macromoleculars containing only carbon and hydrogen


Industries based on macromolecular materials. Rubber industry. Plastics industry


Plastics


Synthetic polycondensation products. Polycondensates. Synthetic resins. Synthetic fibres etc.


Synthetic polymerization products. Polymerizates. Synthetic rubbers


Cable and cordage industries


Industries based on various processable materials


Stone technology. Stone industry


Technology of other natural processable materials


Apparatus with wheel or motor mechanisms


Precision mechanisms and instruments


Instrument-making in general. Instrumentation. Measuring instruments and their manufacture. Balances. Weighing devices


Automatic control technology. Smart technology


Optical apparatus and instruments


Technical acoustics


Farriery. Shoe-smithing


Smithery. Blacksmithery. Farriery. Hand-forged ironwork


Toolsmithing. Edge-tool forging


Furnishing ironwork


Building ironwork


Ironmongery. Hardware. Locksmithing. Bottling. Lamps. Heating appliances


Industries, crafts and trades for finished or assembled articles


Furniture. Furniture design and manufacture


Furniture and allied industries. Furniture manufacture. Upholstery


Veneering. Marquetry. Inlay etc.


Upholstery. Bedding. Covers. Hangings


Saddlery. Harness making


Saddlery. Footwear. Gloving. Travel, sports, games and other equipment


Accoutrements. Beltmaking. Leather equipment and analogous products


Footwear. Other aids to locomotion


Gloving. Glovemaking


Travel goods. Camping equipment


Sports and games equipment. Equipment and installations for athletics, gymnastics, physical training


Mountaineering, climbing equipment. Swimming equipment


Equipment for board and table games


Bookbinding. Metallizing. Mirror-making. Stationery


Outer clothing. Tailoring


Clothing industry. Garment manufacture. Beauty culture


Linen wear. Lingerie


Knitwear. Ties. Devices for securing and protecting clothing


Headgear. Hatmaking. Millinery


Beauty culture industries


Artificial furriery


Brush industry. Brooms etc.


Toys. Articles for amusement, tricks. Decorations


Fancy goods. Toys. Decorative articles


Amateur handicrafts. Technical hobbies


Building materials. Building components


Building (construction) trade. Building materials. Building practice and procedure


Structural parts and elements of buildings


Masonry and related building crafts


Timber construction. Carpentry. Joinery


Equipment, services, installations in buildings (sanitary, gas, steam, electrical). Pipe fitter. Plumber. Metal worker. Drainlayer. Electrician. Other trades


Heating, ventilation and air conditioning of buildings


Finishing and decorating trades


Theory and philosophy of art. Principles of design, proportion, optical effect


Special auxiliary subdivision for the arts


Art technique. Craftsmanship


Prehistoric art. Primitive art (ancient and modern)


Artistic periods and phases. Schools, styles, influences


Art of the ancient cultures of the Old World. Styles of Antiquity


Mediaeval art (Christian, Islamic art)


Renaissance. Baroque. Rococo. Colonial


Post-Renaissance


Modern art movements (from late 19th century). Realism, impressionism and subsequent 20th century trends


Transition between Expressionism and abstract art


Abstract art. Non-figurative art


Subjects for artistic representation. Iconography. Iconology. Details and finishes. Decoration. Ornament


Applications of art (in industry, trade, the home, everyday life)


Various questions concerning art


Occupations and activities associated with the arts and entertainment


Characteristic features, forms, combinations etc. (in art, entertainment and sport)


Performance, presentation (in original medium)


Planning of landscape (natural and designed). Parks. Gardens


Physical planning. Regional, town and country planning. Landscapes, parks, gardens


Cemeteries. Graveyards. Crematoriums. Other places for disposal of the dead (planning, design, upkeep etc.)


Preservation of rural and urban amenities generally


Theory and philosophy of architecture. Principles of design, proportion, optical effect


Special auxiliary subdivision for architecture


Technique


Periods and phases of architecture. Schools, styles, influences


Architectural details and finishes. Decoration. Ornament


Parts, spaces and rooms planned for specific uses


Buildings generally


Architecture


Public, civil, commercial, industrial buildings. Secular architecture generally


Religious, ecclesiastical architecture. Sacred and funerary buildings


Buildings for educational, scientific, cultural purposes


Sculpture in general. Statuary


Plastic arts


Glyptics. Sigillography


Numismatics


Porcelain


Ceramic arts. Pottery


Glazed earthenware


Stoneware


Enamel (vitreous enamel). Cloisonné. Enamel ornaments


Mosaics


Terracotta


Various ceramic objects


Goldsmith's and silversmith's art


Metal arts


Jewellery (metalworking aspects)


Caricature. Cartoons. Satirical and humorous drawings


Drawing in general


Silhouettes. Scissor-cuts


Collections of drawings. Sketchbooks


Perspective in drawing


Drawing


Linear and geometric drawing. Technical drawing


Decorative handicrafts


Industrial and domestic arts and crafts. Applied arts


Fancy work. Art needlework


Interior decoration


Vitreous arts. Artistic glassware and crystal ware


Artistic furniture, heating and lighting devices


Relief techniques


Graphic art, printmaking. Graphics


Intaglio techniques


Applied graphic arts. Commercial graphics


Photography and similar processes


Theory, principles and nature of photographic phenomena


Special auxiliary subdivision for photography


Photographic operations


Documentary photography. Photographic records and their interpretation


Kinds of photography and photograph


Pictorial, artistic photography. Photographs according to subject


Photography and exposures according to ambient conditions


Photographs, pictures or prints according to appearance, form or size


Photographs according to support or base material


Photographs according to intermediate stages


Photographic equipment, apparatus and materials


Photographic systems, processes (especially those using inorganic substances or physical phenomena)


Theory and philosophy of music


Music


Composition of musical works


Periods and phases in the history of music. Musical schools, styles and influences


Subjects for musical representation. Programme music. Illustrative, descriptive or representational music


Applications of music in industry and trade, the home and everyday life


Various questions concerning music


Occupations and activities associated with music


Characteristics, kinds of musical works. Musical forms


Types of performance or presentation


Musical instruments and accessories


Music teaching aids. Other music accessories


Scientific theories of music. Mathematical, physical, physiological, psychological bases. Musical acoustics


General theory of music


Harmony. Counterpoint. Melody


General questions of composition and interpretation


Theories and forms of national music (of various countries or peoples)


Theories and forms of the music of antiquity


Dramatic music. Opera


Kinds of music


Church music. Sacred music. Religious music


A cappella music. Unaccompanied vocal music. Rounds


Vocal music


Vocal extracts from larger works


Vocal chamber music


Popular, traditional, historic vocal music


Secular oratorios and cantatas


Community songs. Children's songs


Other kinds of song


Ensemble music for relatively large numbers of instruments


Instrumental music. Symphonic music. Grouping of instruments. Ensemble music


Chamber music. Music for several instruments concertante


Films according to characteristics of presentation


Special auxiliary subdivision for cinema, films


Character types


Principal stages of cinema development


Cinema. Films (motion pictures)


Genre, subject, style of film


Aesthetics and film


Society and film


Education and film


Film as industry


Spoken drama. Plays


Theatre. Stagecraft. Dramatic performances


Musical productions


Variety. Vaudeville. Music hall. Cabaret. Revues. Pantomimes


Special kinds of theatre


Particular social recreations, requiring preparations


Social entertainments and recreations. Art of movement. Dance


Games involving forfeits


Parlour games. Party games


Games not characterized by action


Scientific recreations. Conjuring. Sleight of hand. Illusionism. Magic tricks


Chess


Board and table games (of thought, skill and chance)


Minor board games not dependent on chance


Table games with pieces or counters and an element of chance


Card games


Pattern games or puzzles requiring patience or dexterity


Minor aiming games. Children's miniature games


Games of pure chance


Sport philosophy, theory, purpose, methodology, ethics and aesthetics


Special auxiliary subdivision for sport, games, physical exercise


Technical matters. Practice and exercise facilities. Sports gear, equipment. Materials. Protection against accidents, hazards


Sports movement. Sports activity from various points of view


Manner of contest. Combative style. Strategy. Tactics


Organization of sport, in general


Kind of participation in sport


Participation (number of players), combinations etc.


Contests. Records


Outdoor games and recreation


Sport. Games. Physical exercises


Games of motion and skill with special equipment


High ball games with large ball


Ball games


Ball games in which the ball is played with foot and hand


Low ball games with striking implement


Gymnastics. Acrobatics. Athletics


Touring. Walking. Mountaineering. Orientation sports. Camping


Wheel sports. Cycling. Roller sports


Motoring. Motorcycling


Combat sports. Self-defence sports. Heavy athletics. Trials of strength


Winter sports. Ice games. Skiing. Sledging


Watercraft sports. Boating


Water sports. Aerial sports


Swimming. Diving. Aquatic games


Aerial sports


Riding


Riding and driving. Horse and other animal sports


Horse racing. Mounted racing


Driving with horses. Coaching, carriage-driving. Trotting


Canine sports. Dog racing etc.


Other animal contests, e.g. with birds


Sport fishing. Sport hunting. Shooting and target sports


Recreation. Entertainment. Games. Sport


Prosody: metre, rhythm, rhyme and verse pattern


Prosody. Auxiliary sciences and sources of philology


Auxiliary sciences and studies of philology


Sources of linguistics and philology. Collections of texts


Methodology of linguistics. Methods and means


Linguistics and languages


Old period. Archaic period


Special auxiliary numbers for origins and periods of languages


Classical period


Middle period


Modern period


Revived language


General linguistics


Special auxiliary subdivision for subject fields and facets of linguistics and languages


Practical knowledge of languages


Theory of signs. Theory of translation. Standardization. Usage. Geographical linguistics


Language planning. Control of language. Standardization of language


Semantics


Mathematical and applied linguistics. Phonetics. Graphemics. Grammar. Semantics. Stylistics


General stylistics


Text linguistics. Discourse analysis


Text linguistics, Discourse analysis. Typological linguistics


Typological linguistics


English language


Germanic languages


German language (High German, Standard written German)


West Germanic languages (other than English)


Dutch language


Latin language


Italic languages


Italian language


Italo-Romance / Italo-Romanic languages


French language


Gallo-Romance / Gallo-Romanic languages


Spanish language


Ibero-Romance / Ibero-Romanic languages


Portuguese language


Greek (Hellenic) language


Indo-European languages


Russian language


East Slavic / Slavonic languages


Hindi language


Central Modern Indic languages


Dead languages of unknown affiliation, spoken in the Mediterranean and Near East (except Semitic)


Dead languages of unknown affiliation. Caucasian languages


Hungarian language


Ugric languages


Japanese language


Ural-Altaic, Palaeo-Siberian, Eskimo-Aleut, Dravidian and Sino-Tibetan languages. Japanese. Korean. Ainu


Chinese languages


Sino-Tibetan languages


American indigenous languages


Individual natural languages


Poetry. Poems. Verse


Special auxiliary subdivision for literary forms, genres


Drama. Plays


Novels. Full-length stories


Fiction. Prose narrative


Short stories. Novellas


Essays


Oratory. Speeches


Letters. Art of letter-writing. Correspondence. Genuine letters. Other works in epistolary form


Prose satire. Humour, epigram, parody etc.


Miscellanea. Polygraphies. Selections


History as literary genre. Historical writing. Historiography. Chronicles. Annals. Memoirs. Journals. Diaries. Biography. Autobiography


Various other literary forms


Literary schools, trends and movements


Special auxiliary subdivision for theory, study and technique of literature


Comparative literary studies. Comparative literature


Literary criticism. Literary studies


English literature


Literature of Germanic languages


German literature


West Germanic literatures (other than English)


Dutch literature


Danish literature


North Germanic, Nordic (Scandinavian) literatures


Norwegian literature


Swedish literature


Latin literature


Literature of Italic languages


French literature


Literature of Gallo-Romance / Gallo-Romanic languages


Catalan literature


Literature of Ibero-Romance / Ibero-Romanic) languages


Spanish literature


Portuguese literature


Romanian literature


Literature of Balkan Romance / Romanic languages


Greek (Hellenic) literature


Indo-European literature


Russian literature


East Slavic / Slavonic literature


Ukrainian literature


Belarusian literature


Polish literature


West Slavic / Slavonic literatures


Czech literature


Slovakian literature


Bulgarian literature


South Slavic / Slavonic literatures


Macedonian literature


Serbian literature


Serbian literature. Croatian literature


Croatian literature


Slovenian literature


Lithuanian literature


Literature of Baltic languages


Latvian literature


Albanian literature


Armenian literature


Bengali (Bangla) literature


Literature of modern Indic languages


Georgian literature


South Caucasian (Kartvelian) literature


Finnish literature


Literature of Finnic languages


Estonian literature


Hungarian literature


Literature of Ugric languages


Japanese literature


Literature of Ural-Altaic, Japanese, Korean, Ainu, Palaeo-Siberian, Eskimo-Aleut, Dravidian languages, Sino-Tibetan languages


Chinese literature


Literature of Sino-Tibetan languages


Literature of American indigenous languages (Amerindian literatures)


Literatures of individual languages and language families


Archaeology


Archaeology. Prehistory. Cultural remains. Area studies


Prehistory. Prehistoric remains, artefacts, antiquities


Cultural remains of historical times


Science of geography. Methodology (theory, systems, methods)


General questions. Geography as a science. Exploration. Travel


Kinds and techniques of geographical exploration


Exploration of particular geographical features


Voyages of discovery


Physical geography


General geography. Science of geographical factors (systematic geography). Theoretical geography


Human geography (cultural geography). Geography of cultural factors


Typological geography


Theoretical geography


Individual spatial divisions and regional units


Comparative geography


Normative geography


Applied, practical geography


Biographical studies


Biographical studies. Genealogy. Heraldry. Flags


Genealogy


Heraldry


Nobility. Titles. Peerage


Flags. Standards. Banners


History as a science


Science of history. Historiography


Archivistics. Archives (including public and other records)


Methodology of history. Ancillary historical sciences


Social dialects. Vocational slangs. Special vernacular forms


Indigenous languages of Canada, USA and Northern-Central Mexico


American indigenous languages


American Native Continental Ancestry Group


Precambrian (more than 542 MYBP) (supereon)


General operations and activities


Algae


Danish language


North Germanic (Nordic) languages


Norwegian language


Swedish language


Catalan language


Romanian language


Balkan Romance / Balkan Romanic languages


Ukrainian language


Belarusian language


Polish language


West Slavic / Slavonic languages


Czech language


Slovak language


Bulgarian language


South Slavic / Slavonic languages


Macedonian language


Serbian language


Serbian and Croatian languages


Croatian language


Slovenian / Slovene language


Lithuanian language


Baltic languages


Latvian / Lettish language


Albanian language


Armenian language


Bengali (Bangla) language


Eastern Modern Indic languages


Georgian language


Southern (Kartvelian) group


Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan, Congo-Kordofanian, Khoisan languages


Finnish language


Finnic languages


Estonian language


Austro-Asiatic languages. Austronesian languages


Indo-Pacific (non-Austronesian) languages. Australian languages


Esperanto language


Artificial languages for use among human beings. International auxiliary languages (interlanguages)


Italian literature


Literature of Italo-Romance / Italo-Romanic languages


Hindi literature


Literature of Afro-Asiatic, Nilo-Saharan, Congo-Kordofanian, Khoisan languages


Literature of Austro-Asiatic languages. Austronesian literature


Literature of Indo-Pacific (non-Austronesian) languages. Australian (Aboriginal) literature


Literature in artificial languages


Insectivora (insectivorous mammals)


State of material: characteristics and variables


Variables, conditions and characteristics of production processes, plant and equipment


Reactions in terms of reagents. Reagents


Processes, machines and equipment according to mode of working, continuity, associations, media


Direction, velocity, rate, duration of processes etc.


Simple and multiple processes. Single-stage and multistage processes


Processes in terms of altering product properties. Modification in general


Thermal characteristics. Temperature. Temperature range


Translated documents. Translations


Theory of translation


Iranian languages


Dead languages of unknown affiliation, spoken in the Mediterranean and Near East (except Semitic)


Uralic languages


Ural-Altaic languages


Andean languages. Equatorial languages


Newspapers


Newspapers. The Press. Journalism


Technical and normative documents. Tables. Lists


Common auxiliaries of place. Table 1e


Technical staff. Operatives. Manual workers (blue-collar workers)


Theory and organization of work. Relations between business firms and employees


Writing systems. Graphic representations of concepts


Horology. Determination and standardization of time


Geochronology. Geological dating. Determination of absolute geological age


Civilization. Culture. Progress


History of civilization. Cultural history


Serial publications, periodicals (as subject)


Periodical literature. Writings in serials, journals, reviews. Journalism. Occasional literature. Polemic, political writings. Pamphleteering


Manuscripts


Special metaphysics


RELIGION. THEOLOGY


Philosophy of culture. Cultural systems. Theory of cultural complexes


The paranormal. The occult. Psi phenomena


Special motor functions


Psycholinguistics. Psychology of language


Christianity


Population


Demography. Population studies


Nationalist, popular, ethnic movements and problems. National and ethnic minorities


Relations between church and state. Policy towards religion. Church policy


Elections. Plebiscites. Referendums. Election campaigns. Electoral corruption, malpractice. Election results


Electoral law. Voting. Electoral systems


Science of economics. Basic economic concepts, theory. Value. Capital. Funds


Prices. Price formation. Costs


Land economics


Land requirement. Long-term planning of land use


Land use


Forests and forestry from the national point of view. Social economics of forestry


Forms of organization and cooperation in the economy


Economics. Economic science


Public revenue


Foreign trade. External trade. International trade


International finance


Public sector finance. Government finance in general


Persons and things in international law


Fundamental rights. Human rights. Rights and duties of the citizen


Law of realty. Real rights. Things. Chattels


Domestic architecture. Housing. Residential buildings