Bit By Bit - Samar da haɗin gizon - 5.3.3 Peer-to-Patent
Abun-ƙuntataccen abu ne mai kira wanda yake taimaka wa masu nazarin alamar bincike kafin su fara aiki; yana nuna cewa kira mai fita zai iya amfani dashi ga matsalolin da ba su da kyau don tsarawa.
Masu nazarin patent suna da wahala. Suna karɓar takaddun shaida, shari'ar shari'a game da sababbin abubuwan kirkiro, sa'annan ya yanke shawara idan abin da aka saba da shi shine "littafi." Wato, mai yin nazari dole ne ya yanke shawara idan akwai "fasaha" -anan da aka bayyana a wannan ƙaddamarwa - wannan zai sa Binciken da aka shirya ya zama mara kyau. Don fahimtar yadda wannan tsari ke aiki, bari mu bincika wani mai nazari na patent mai suna Albert, don girmama Albert Einstein wanda ya fara farawa a ofishin Swiss Patent Office. Albert zai iya samun aikace-aikacen kamar US Patent 20070118658 da Hewlett Packard ya rubuta don "Mai amfani da zaɓin sarrafawa" kuma an bayyana shi a cikin littafin littafin na Birnock Wiki Government (2009) . Anan ne farkon da'awar daga aikace-aikacen:
"A kwamfuta tsarin, hada da: a processor. a na asali labari / fitarwa tsarin (BIOS) ciki har da dabaru umarnin wanda, a lõkacin da hukuncin kisa da processor, saita da processor zuwa: fara mulki a kai gwajin (POST) aiki a cikin na asali labari / fitarwa tsarin a kwamfuta na'urar. ba daya ko fiye management jijjiga Formats a mai amfani dubawa. sami selection sigina daga mai amfani dubawa gano daya daga cikin management jijjiga Formats gabatar a amfani dubawa. kuma saita na'ura guda biyu zuwa ga kwamfuta tsarin da gano management jijjiga format. "
Ya kamata Albert ya ba da izini na shekaru 20 zuwa ga wannan takardar shaidar ko an riga ya kasance? Ƙungiyoyin da dama a cikin yanke shawara masu yawa suna da girma, amma Abin takaici, Albert zai yi wannan yanke shawara ba tare da yawancin bayanin da zai buƙaci ba. Saboda babbar kididdigar takardun shaida, Albert yana aiki a matsanancin matsin lamba kuma dole ne yanke hukuncinsa akan aikin sa'o'i 20 kawai. Bugu da ari, sabili da buƙatar ci gaba da asirin abin da aka tsara, Albert ba ya yarda ya tuntube shi da masana masu waje (Noveck 2006) .
Wannan halin ya faru da farfesa Farfesa Beth Noveck kamar yadda ya fadi. A cikin Yuli 2005, aka yi wahayi zuwa wani ɓangare ta Wikipedia, ta kirkirar da rubutun blog mai suna "Peer-to-Patent: A Proposal Modest" wanda ya buƙaci tsarin bita don tantance takardun shaida. Bayan haɗin gwiwar US Patent da Trademark Office da kuma manyan kamfanonin fasaha irin su IBM, An kaddamar da takarda a watan Yunin 2007. Kusan kimanin shekara 200 mai kula da aikin gwamnati da rukuni na lauyoyin sunyi kama da wurin da ba za a iya neman su ba. inganci, amma mai amfani da kwarewa yana da kyakkyawan aiki na daidaita dukiyar jama'a.
Hoto na 5.9: Gwajin aiki da ƙwaƙwalwa. An sake buga shi daga Bestor and Hamp (2010) .
Ga yadda yake aiki (adadi 5.9). Bayan mai kirkiro ya yarda da aikace-aikacen ta ta hanyar nazarin al'umma (karin bayani game da dalilin da yasa zata iya yin hakan a cikin ɗan lokaci), an aika aikace-aikacen zuwa shafin yanar gizon. Bayan haka, masu yin nazari na al'umma suna tattaunawa da aikace-aikacen (kuma, game da dalilin da ya sa za su iya shiga cikin lokaci), da kuma misalai na yiwu kafin fasaha suna samuwa, an tsara su, kuma an aika su zuwa intanet. Wannan hanyar tattaunawa, binciken, da kuma aikawa ta ci gaba, har sai, a ƙarshe, ƙungiyar masu dubawa za su yi zaɓin zaɓin jerin kashi 10 da ake zargi da ɗaukar hoto wanda aka tura su zuwa ga mai bincike na patent don sake dubawa. Binciken mai binciken yana gudanar da bincike na kansa kuma a hade tare da shigarwa daga Kirar Kira yana bayar da hukunci.
Bari mu koma Amurka Patent 20070118658 don "Mai amfani da zaɓin sarrafawa mai sarrafawa." An kaddamar da wannan patent zuwa Kira-zuwa-Patent a Yuni 2007 inda Steve Pearson ya karanta shi, babban injiniya na injiniya na IBM. Pearson ya saba da wannan yanki na bincike kuma ya gano wani nau'i na farko: wani samfurin daga Intel mai suna "Fasahar Gudanarwa: Jagora Mai Saurin Farko" wadda aka buga a shekaru biyu da suka wuce. An yi amfani da wannan takardun, da sauran ayyukan da suka gabata da kuma tattaunawa daga Ƙungiyar Peer-to-Patent, wani mai bincike na patent ya fara nazari sosai game da batun, kuma a karshe ya watsar da aikace-aikacen takardun shaida, a wani bangare saboda littafin Intel wanda An samo shi daga Pearson (Noveck 2009) . Daga cikin akwati 66 da suka kammala Peer-to-Patent, kusan kashi 30% an ƙi su da farko bisa ga aikin da aka samo ta hanyar Bisa-batu (Bestor and Hamp 2010) .
Abin da ke haifar da zane-zane na musamman shi ne hanyar da ta samo mutane da yawancin rikice-rikice masu yawa don yin rawa tare. Masu saka jari suna da matukar shiga shiga saboda ofishin ofisoshin yana duba aikace-aikacen Peer-to-Patent da sauri fiye da takardun shaida da ke ta hanyar al'ada, tsarin bincike na sirri. Masu dubawa suna da matukar sha'awar shiga don su hana mummunar alamomi, kuma mutane da yawa suna neman tsari ne mai kyau. A} arshe, ofisoshin takardun shaida da masu nazarin alamomi suna da sha'awar shiga saboda wannan tsarin zai iya inganta sakamakon su kawai. Wato, idan tsarin nazari na al'umma ya sami nau'i 10 da ba a iya amfani da su ba, za a iya watsi da waɗannan nau'o'in da ba a kula da su ba daga mai binciken bita. A wasu kalmomin, Mawallaƙi-da-Patent da mai binciken nazarin patent aiki tare ya kamata ya zama mafi kyau ko kuma ya fi kyau fiye da mai bincike na patent aiki. Sabili da haka, kiran bude ba koyaushe maye gurbin masana; Wani lokacin sukan taimaka wa masana suyi aiki mafi kyau.
Ko da yake Peer-to-Patent na iya zama daban-daban fiye da Kyautar Netflix da Foldit, yana da irin wannan tsari a cikin wannan mafita sun fi sauki don duba fiye da samarwa. Da zarar wani ya samar da littafin "Fasahar Kasuwanci: Jagoran Bayanin Saurin" yana da sauƙi-don mai bincika patent, aƙalla-don tabbatar da cewa wannan takardun yana da fasaha. Duk da haka, gano cewa manual yana da wuya. Kwaƙa-ƙari yana nuna cewa ayyukan kira na budewa yana yiwuwa ko da ga matsalolin da ba'a iya gani ba.