Tarihin Masarautar Gusau
By Rabilu Abubakar, A Gusau | Publish Date: Apr 20 2018 2:00AM
Sarkin Katsinan Gusau Alhaji Ibrahim Bello. Hoto Rabilu Abubakar
Garin Gusau gari ne da aka kafa shi tun a shekarar 1811 kimanin shekara 207 da suka gabata bayan tasowar garin daga ‘Yandoto a shekarar 1806. Garin Gusau yana daya daga cikin manyan garuruwan tsohuwar Jihar Sakkwato kafin daga bisani ya zama babban birnin Jihar Zamfara a shekarar 1996. Kamar yadda kundin tarihin kasa na 1920 ya nuna, garin yana kan titin Sakkwato zuwa Zariya ne kimanin kilomita 179, kilomita 210 tsakaninsa da Sakkwato. Daga Gabas garin Gusau ya yi iyaka da Jihar Katsina da ta Kwatarkwashi daga Arewa kuma ya yi iyaka da garin kaura a yayin da ya yi wata iyakar da garin Bungudu daga Yamma a bangaren Kudu kuma ya yi iyaka da dansadau da kuma Tsafe.
Almajirin Shehu Usmanu dan Fodiyo ne wato Malam Sambo dan Ashafa ya kafa garin Gusau wanda yake shi da Jama’arsa ba ruwansu da duk harkokin da suka shafi bautar iskokai ko tsafi irin wanda Hausawa ke yi kafin zuwan addinin Musulunci, garin Gusau ba shi da tarihin jahiliya hakan ne ya sa duk al’adun Gusawa al’adu ne irin na musulunci kuma shigowar wasu mutane wato baki a Gusau bai gurbata kyawawan al’adunsu ba don kuwa mafi yawan bakin da ke tahowa malamai ne na Musulunci da almajirai Fulani da wasunsu da kan taho garin don tsira da addininsu da mutuncinsu da kuma dukiyarsu.
A bangaren fada kuma duk umurnin da zai fito daga can zai kasance na dabara da abin da musulunci ya yarda da shi ne na kyawawan dabi’u da al’adu saboda duk kusan sarakunan da aka yi a garin Gusau malamai ne na addinin musulunci masu takawa da tawali’u.
Da wanann shimfida ne al’adun Gusawa ke gudana da koyarwar addinin musulunci da kyawawan al’adu irin na Fulani da Hausawa wadanda ba su ci karo da shari’a ba, irin wancan yanayi na kwararowar baki da kungiyoyin mutane daban-daban musamman a zamanin Sarkin Katsinan Gusau Malam Muhammadu Modibbo ta sa garin ya samu bunkasa a cikin dan kankanin lokaci sannan kuma garin ya samu sukuni wajen gudanar da addinin Musulunci musamman wajen karatu da karantarwa da kuma yin ibada ba tare da tsangwama ba, ga samun cikkken tsaro ga rayuka da dukiyoyi sakamakon ganuwa da garin yake da ita, hakan ya sa babu abin da ya shawa mutane garin Gusau kai sai harkokin karatu da kasuwanci.
Zuwan Bature kasar Hausa da shimfida tsarin ilimin boko ya sa wasu al’adu tsirowa, ana cikin haka sai ga shari’ar musulunci ta sake kunno kai a wannan karni shi ma ya kawo canje-canje na alheri ga al’adun mutanen Gusau a matsayinta na babbar birnin jiha, mutane da yawa na halartar masallatai don sauraron tafsirai da ittikafi. Zuwa yanzu akwai malamai da dama da suka shahara da gudanar da tafsirai a masallatan Juma’a da wasunsu a garin na Gusau.
A takaice dai garin Gusau yana da masarauta daya mai babban sarki, akwai kuma iyayen kasa goma sha hudu, ‘yan majalisar sarki goma sha takwas, sarautun fada kuma akwai kimanin dari da hudu, Garin yana da masallatan juma’a ashirin da uku yana da kananan makarantun boko guda sittin da hudu matsakaita guda arba’in da uku sannan akwai manyan makarantu guda hudu.
Garin Gusau gari ne da yake da manyan kasuwanni guda uku yana kuma da kamfanoni na ‘yan kasuwa guda ashirin da bakwai akwai manyan malaman addinin Musulunci tsakanin rayayyu da wadanda suka rasu kimanin sittin da biyar.
Daga lokacin da aka kafa garin Gusau bayan malam Sambo dan Ashafa a 1806- zuwa 1827 an yi sarakuna daga cikin zuri’arsa irin su.
Malam Abdulkadir daga shekararr 1827-1867 Malam Muhammadu Modibbo 1867 -1876 Malam Muhammad Tuburi 1876-1887 Malam Muhammadu Gide 1887-1900 Malam Muhammadu Murtala 1900-1916 Malam Muhammadu dangida 1916-1917 daga wannan shekarar anyi wasu Sarakuna da ba a fadi sunayensu ba daga 1917-1984 sannan sai Alhaji Muhammadu Kabir danbaba daga 1984 -2015 sarkin Katsinan Gusau na yanzu Alhaji Ibrahim Bello daga shekarar 2015 har zuwa yanzu.
Masarautar Gusau, kamar yadda littafin masarautar mai taken Gusau Emirate ya nuna ta kafu ne a shekara ta 1806 a hannun Malam Muhammadu dan Ashafa, a wannan shekarar ne a birnin Gada Malam Muhammadu Bello dan Shehu Usmanu, ya tsaga kasar Katsina biyu Gabas da Yamma gari saba’in saba’in tsakanin shi Malam Sambo din da kuma Malam Umarun Dallaje, tun daga wannan lokaci ne kuma garin Gusau da masarautarsa suke ci gaba da bunkasa ta hanyoyi daban-daban.
Kafin rasuwar Malam Sambo an yi wani lokaci da hedkwatar wannan masarauta ta koma garin Wonaka sakamakon rashin cikakken tsaro kuma a dalilin namun daji masu hadari. Sai bayan rasuwar Malam Sambo dansa Sarkin Katsina Malam Abdulkadir ya dawo da wannan hedkwatar a mazauninta na farko wato Gusau, a dai dai wannan lokaci ne kuma aka nada Sarkin Musulmi Atiku dan Shehu a lokacin da Malam Abdulkadir ya tafi mubaya’a sai ya labarta wa Amirul muminina wannan ci gaba da aka samu, shi kuma Sarkin Musulmi a nasa bangaren bai yi wata wata ba sai ya umurci Sarkin Zamfara Jibrin da Sarkin kaura Namoda da cewa su sa hannu a kewaye garin Gusau da ganuwa wanda a sakamakon wannan aiki ne garin a matsayinsa na hedkwatar masarautar ta sami kokofi guda tara (9) da suka hada da: kofar Kwatarkwashi, da kofar Katsaura da kofar Rawayya da kofar Jange da kofar Dogo da kofar Mani da kofar Tubani da kofar Koje da kuma kofar matsattsa.
Daga shekara ta 1976 har zuwa shekara ashirin baya lokacin da aka kirkiro da Jihar Zamfara daga cikin tsohuwar Jihar Sakkwato wato shekarar 1996 kamar yadda mawallafin littafin Gusau ta Malam Sambo ya nuna, majalisar masarautar Gusau tana da ‘yan majalisa da suka hada da: Sarkin Katsinan Gusau shugaba, sai mambobin da suka hada da Galadiman Gari Mayana, da Madawaki da Magajin sabon gari da Tudun Wada da Kogon Wanaka da Magajin Mada da Magajin Ruwan Baure da Marafan ‘Yandoto da Sarkin Yakin Rijiya da Sarkin Rafin Kwaren Ganuwa da Samarin Keta da Farinmanan Magami da Ubandoma Wanke sai Sakataren Majalisar.
Har ila yau kuma bayan da aka kirkiro Jihar, kantoman mulkin soja kanar Jibrin Bala Yakubu, sai ya yi wa wannan majalisa gyarar fuska inda ta kunshi membobi da suka hada da. Sarkin Katsinan Gusau a matsayin shugaba sai Sarkin Fulanin Bungudu mataimakin shugaba sai membobin da suka kunshi ‘Yandoton tsafe da Sarkin Kwatarkwashi da Marafan ‘Yandoto da Kogon Wonaka da Farimanan Magami da Galadiman Gusau da Alhaji Dokta Garba Nadama sai Alhaji Sule Tsafe da kuma Alhaji BM Abdu da Alhaji Ibrahim kofa da Sarkin Gabas na Gusau inda Alhaji Abdulkadir Wakili ya zama Sakatare.
A shekara ta 2003 ma da aka zabi Alhaji Ahmad Sani Yeriman Bakura gwamnan Jihar Zamfara shi ma ya kara sake fasalin majalisar masarautar ta Gusau inda ta koma kamar haka.
Daga karshe iyayen kasa kuma da suke karkashin wannan masarauta ta Gusau da ake kira Katsinan Gusau, sun hada da Galadima da Mayana da Madawaki da Magajin Sabon Gari da Baraden Tudun Wada da Sarkin Kudun Damba da Ubandoman wanke da Farimanan Magani da Sarkin Yakin Rijiya da Magajin Mada da Kogon Wonaka ta Yamma da Magajin Ruwan Baure.