Sharhin siyasar duniya a jiya da yau kashi na 3 -El-bash – Ganduje Online Radio
SHARHIN SIYASAR DUNIYA A JIYA DA YAU DOMIN MA’ABOTA NAZARI (3)
-Tarihin Gwagwarmayar Rayuwar Martin Luther King Jr, Jagoran Fafutukar Kwato Ƴancin Amurkawa Baƙaƙen Fata.
-Rayuwa Mai Wucewa Ce, Babbar Tambayar Ita Ce Mai Za Ka Yi Wa Al’umma, Cewar Martin Luther King.
-Akwai Darasin Juriya, Jajircewa Da Kuma Sadaukarwa Domin Taikamawa Al’umma A Rayuwar Mista King.
Yau Talata 5 ga watan Nobemba, 2019
Idan jama’a su na biye, a ranar Lahadin da ta gabata, cikin kashin farko na wannan shiri da Ni Bashir Abdullahi El-bash na fara tsarawa, na gabatar da bayanai da sharhi kan tarihi da gwagwarmayar rayuwar Shugaban ƙasar Amurka na farko, Mista George Washington wanda ya sadaukar da rayuwarsa domin ƙaunar ƙasarsa da al’ummarsa su samu ƴanci.
Sannan kuma, na gabatar da bayanai kan ita kanta ƙasar ta Amurka da yadda aka yi har ma ta samu ƴancin kanta daga turawan mulkin mallaka na Ƙasar Birtaniya da ma adadin shugabannin da ta yi tare kuma da bayanin fadar shugaban ƙasar, “White House” da kuma yadda aka yi sunan ya samo asali.
Cikin amincewar Allah, a yau cikin kashi biyu na shirin, zan gabatar da tarihi ne da kuma gwagwarmayar rayuwar : Mista Martin Lauther King Jr, fitaccen ɗan gwagwarmaya da fafutukar kare haƙƙin Amurkawa baƙaƙen fata. Domin ƴan uwana matasa a Nageriya su koyi darusssan sadaukarwa wajen kare haƙƙi da ƴancin al’umma cikin ruwan sanyi ba tare da zubda jini ko rashin ɗa’a ba.
Martin Luther King, Jr, fitaccen ɗan gwagwarmaya ne kan kare haƙƙin ɗan adam. Sannan kuma babban malamin addinin kirista ne. Ya kuma taka gagarumar rawa wajen fafutukar kare haƙƙin Amurkawa baƙaƙen fata daga tsakiyar shekarar 1950 har zuwa lokacin da aka yi masa kisan gilla a shekarar (1968).
Babban tunanin King a rayuwa batu ne na a samar da daidaito ta fuskar haƙƙin ɗan adam da tattalin arziƙi da kuma kauda duk wani nau’in rashin adalci a tsakanin Amurkawa baƙaƙen fata da kuma sauran Amurkawa cikin ruwan sanyi.
A shekarar 1963, King ya jagoranci wata gagarumar zanga-zangar nuna ƙin jinin wariya da bambance-bambance a tsakanin al’ummar ƙasar Amurka a birnin Washington na ƙasar Amurkan. Kuma zanga-zangar ta taimaka wajen samar da manyan tsare-tsare da dokoki na haƙƙin ɗan adam da kuma ƴancin ɗan adam na yin zaɓe.
A shekarar 1964 King ya samu lambar yabo kan zaman lafiya ta Nobel. Sannan kuma tun daga shekarar 1986 aka ware rana ta musamman domin tunawa da shi a tarayyar Amurka
An dai haifi Martin Luther King ne a Atlanta, Georgia, a ranar 15 ga watan Jannuware, 1929. Shi ne ɗa na biyu a wurin mahaifinsa wanda ya ke malami ne a coci kana kuma tsohon malamin makaranta.
A tare da King akwai babbar yayarsa Christine da kuma ƙaramin ƙaninsa, Alfred Daniel Williams. Ya kuma girma a birnin Auburn. Sannan gidansu babban gida ne da ya shahara a cikin al’ummar Amurkawa baƙaƙen fata a ƙasar ta Amurka.
Daga cikin maganar da ya yi ta ƙarshe wacce kuma ta ja hankali matuƙa ita ce I have a Dream”, “ina da mafarki” maganar da aka yi imanin za ta zama wani abun sambarka. King ya na ɗan shekaru 15 da haihuwa a duniya aka sanya shi a wata kwaleji mai suna Morehouse College inda ya karanci ilimin kimiyyar harhaɗa magunguna (Medicine) da kuma ilimin doka ko shari’a, (Law).
Tunda farko King bai bi turbar mahaifinsa ba na zama malamin majami’a, ya sauya tunani ne a ƙarƙashin jagoransa, shugaban Morehouse, Dakta Benjamin Mays wanda ya ke babban masani ne kan ilimin sanin Allah cikin addinin kirista kana kuma mai kuma fafutukar samar da daidaito a tsakanin ƙabilu.
Bayan King ya kammala makaranta a shekarar 1948, ya halarci wani taron samun horo kan ilimin sanin Allah cikin addinin kirista a Pennsylvania, inda ya samu takardar shaidar kammala digiri a wannan fanni. King ya kasance mutum mai matuƙar ƙwazo da fahimta.
Sannan King ya sake shiga Jami’ar Boston, inda ya kammala samun horon zuwa matakin dakta a shekarar 1953 kan wannan fanni na ilimin sanin Allah cikin addinin kirista. A kuma wannan Jami’a ne ya haɗu da wani matashin mawaƙi mai suna Coretta Scott ɗan Alabama wanda ya yi karatu kan ilimin waƙa a Jami’ar Ingila. Kuma King ya zama limamin majami’a a cocin Dexter Avenue Baftist.
King ya bar Duniya ya na da ƴaƴa huɗu, waɗanda su ka haɗa da : Yolanda Denise King..Martin Luther King III, Dexter Scott King. Sai kuma Bernice Albertine King.
Dangane da batun ƙaurace yin amfani da motocin bas na yankin Montgomery, iyalin King sun bar yankin na tsawon shekara ɗaya dangane da batun ƙurar da ta taso ta batun ƴancin ɗan adam a ƙasar ta Amurka.
A ranar 1 watan Disamba, 1955 Rosa Parks, sakatariyar reshen ƙungiyar launukan mutane ta ƙasa (NAACP) ta ƙi amincewa ta ba da kujerarta ga wani farar fata a motar bas ta Montgomery kuma akan hakan aka tsare ta.
Wannan dalili ne kuma ya sanya ƴan gwagwarmaya su ka kaurace shiga motocin har na tsawon kwanaki 381, inda kuma hakan ya haifar da naƙasu da tsaiko cikin tattalin arziƙi. Sun zaɓi King a matsayin jagoran zanga-zangar kana kuma mai magana da yawunsu gaba ɗaya.
A wannan lokaci ne kotu ta yi zama na musamman kan masu motocin bas ɗin a cikin watan Nobemba, 1956. King ya yi koyi da Mahatma Ghandi da kuma ɗan gwagwarmaya Bayard Rustin kan jawo hankalin ƙasa kan al’amura ba tare da wata tarzoma ba.
Sannan kuma King ya nufi fararen fata masu ƙarfin iko waɗanda su ka ƙone masa gidansu a wannan lokaci.
A ranar 20 ga watan Septemba, 1958, Izola Ware Curry ya je zuwa ɓangaren ma’ajiyar Harlem inda King ke karatun littafi, ya tambaye shi, “shin ko kai ne Martin Luther King, ya yin da ya amsa masa da “eh ni ne”, nan take ya dumfare shi da wuƙa ya daɓa masa a ƙirji, sai dai King bai mutu ba.
Bayan nasara da su ka samu kan shirinsu na ƙauracewa motocin bas a Montgomery, a shekarar 1957, King da sauran ƴan fafutukar kare ƴancin ɗan adam, waɗanda akasarinsu manyan malaman addinin kirista ne, sun kafa wata ƙungiya ta shugabannin kiristoci ƴan kudu (SCLC), domin samun cikakken ƙarfi kan gwagwarmayar da su ke ta ƙwato ƴancin Amurkawa baƙaƙen fata ba tare da wata tarzoma ba.
Taken ƙungiyar shi ne “babu wani gashi ɗaya daga kai ɗaya na mutum ɗaya da zai zama lahani”. King ya cigaba da kasancewa jagora a wannan ƙungiya har zuwa lokacin rasuwarsa.
A muƙamin da ya riƙe na shugabancin ƙungiyar, King ya zagaya ƙasar Amurka gaba ɗaya, ya kuma ziyarci ƙasashen duniya inda ya ke gabatar da bayanai game da zaman lafiya da ƴanci da haƙƙin ɗan adam tare kuma da ganawa da shugabannin addinai da ƴan gwagwarmaya.
A wata ziyara ta tsawon watanni da King ya kai ƙasar Indiya a shekarar 1959, King ya samu damar ganawa da iyalai da mabiyan Mahatma Ghandi, mutumin da a cikin littafinsa ya bayyana shi da cewa : “jagoran hikimata ta kawo sauyi wa al’umma ba tare da zubda jini ba”. King ya wallafa littattafai da maƙalu da dama a lokacin rayuwarsa.
Daga bisani bayan fitowarsa.daga kurkukun Birmingham, a shekarar 1960, King tare da iyalansa sun koma Atlanta, inda ya kasance da mahaifinsa ya kuma zama limanci a cocin Ebenezer. Wannan sabon matsayi da ya samu ko kaɗan bai hana shi cigaba da fafutukar da ya ke yi shi da sauran abokan gwagwarmayarsa kan ƙwato ƴancin al’mma a shekarar 1960 ba.
An tsare shi a kurkuku ne kan zargin shirya gangami kan ƙwatar ƴancin al’umma ba bisa ƙa’ida ba.
Bayan wannan shekara, King ya yi aiki da ƙungiyoyi da dama na fafutukar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam da na addinai inda ya shirya wata zanga-zangar lumana kan batun ƴancin ɗan adam da kuma samar da aikin yi a birnin Washington domin nuna damuwa kan rashin adalcin da ake cigaba da nunawa Amurkawa baƙaƙen fata.
King ya jagoranci gudanar da zanga-zangar ne ranar 28 ga watan Ogas, inda sama da mutum 200,000 zuwa 300,000 su ka halarta. Kuma zanga-zangar ta zama wata gagarumar nasara a tarihin kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a ƙasar Amurka, kuma ita ce ta zama silar samar da dokar kare haƙƙin ɗan adam a shekarar 1964.
Wannan gangami na birnin Washington da ya ƙunshi shahararren jawabin King wanda aka sani da “I have a Dream”, “Ina da Mafarki”wanda ya yaɗu kan kiran zaman lafiya.
Wato ya tsayu kan bayanin Lincoln inda ya ke cewa “wannan ƙasa za ta miƙe ta rayuwa cikin aminci ba mu da shakku an halicci ƴan adam daidai da daidai”.
Wannan jawabi da kuma gangamin zanga-zanga ya taimaka wajen ɗaga darajar King inda ya sanu a cikin ƙasa da sauran ƙasashen Duniya, inda daga bisani aka raɗa masa suna “gwarzon shekara” na mujallar lokaci. Sannan kuma a 1964 ya kasance mutum mai ƙarancin shekaru da ya taɓa samun kyautar lambar yabo ta nobel kan zaman lafiya.
A shekarar 1965, King ya jawo hankalin sauran ƙasashen duniya dangane da wani ta’addancin da fararen fata su ka shiryawa baƙaƙe masu gudanar da zanga-zangar lumana a Alabama inda kuma shugaba Lyndon B. Johnson, ya tura runduna ta musamman domin kwantar da tarzomar. Inda kuma a watan Ogas aka zartar da ƙudurin dokar ƴancin yin zaɓe ga dukkan Amurkawa baƙaƙen fata.
Da yammacin ranar 4 ga watan April 1968 aka yi wa King kisan gilla a kan hanyarsa ta halartar nuna goyon bayansa ga yajin aikin ma’aikatan kula da tsaftar muhalli. Kuma a sanadiyyar wannan kisa da aka yi masa, ɗumbin al’umma ne su ka fantsama kan tituna su na zanga-zangar nuna takaicinsu da mutuwarsa inda kashe gari shuga Johnson ya bayyana ranar ƙasa. James Early Ray, shi ne aka zarga da alhakin kisan aka kuma yanke masa hukuncin shekaru 99 a gidan kaso.
Bayan wasu ƴan shekaru da ƴan gwagwarmaya su ka yi kamfen, a shekarar 1983 shugaba Ronald Reagan ya sanya hannu kan dokar ware ranar hutu ta musamman domin nuna girmamawa ga King. Kuma a ranar Litinin ta uku cikin watan Jannuware 1986, aka fara ɗabbaƙa wannan rana.
Martin Luther King Jr. ya rubuta littattafai da dama waɗanda su ka haɗa da : “mai ya sa ba za mu jira ba”, “daga nan ina muka dosa”. Sannan kuma ya yi jawabai da dama waɗanda har yau ana la’akari da su. Waɗanda su ka haɗa da :
1. “Rashin adalci a kowane wuri barazana ne ga adalci a kowane wuri”.
2. “Duhu ba ya jagoranar duhu zuwa gaci, haske ne kaɗai zai iya. Ƙiyayya ba za ta iya fidda ƙiyayya ba, soyayya ce kaɗai za ta iya”.
3. “Babbar hanyar auna mutum ba inda ya karkata ba ne a lokacin nutsuwa da jin daɗi, sai dai inda ya karkata a lokacin ruɗani da ƙalubale”.
4. “Ƴanci ba zai taɓa zama abin da za a baka shi cikin sadaukarwa ba, abu ne da mai shi ya ke nema daga hannun waɗanda su ka riƙe masa”.
5. “Lokaci a kowane lokaci dama ne da za ka yi abin da ya ke shi ne daidai”.
6. “Haƙiƙanin zaman lafiya yana samuwa ne idan da adalci”.
7. “Rayuwarmu ta zo ƙarshe a duk ranar da mu ka yi shiru kan abubuwan da ke faruwa”.
8. “A ƙalla mun yi nasara, a ƙalla mun yi nasara, godiya ga Allah mai girma da ɗaukaka, aƙalla mun yi nasara”.
9. “Imani shi ne hanyar farko ko da kuwa ba ka ganin dukkan komai”.
10. “Daga ƙarshe, ka da mu riƙa tuna kalmomin maƙiyanmu, amma mu tuna shirun abokanmu”.
11. “Na yi imani abin da ba gaskiya ba, da soyayyar ƙarya, daga ƙarshe sai sun bayyana a fili ƙarara. Wannan shi ya sa ake cin nasarar kan gaskiya na ɗan wani lokaci amma ta na da ƙarfi kan shirin maƙiya”.
12. “Ka zama tamkar daji idan ba za ka iya zama bishiya ba, idan ba za ka iya zama babbar hanya ba, to ka zama tamkar hanyar jirgi. In ba za ka iya zama tamkar rana ba, to ka zama tamkar tauraro, nasara ko faɗuwa ba a girma ta ke ba ka yi ƙoƙarin zama na farko a duk inda ka samu kanka
13. “Rayuwa mai wucewa ce, babbar tambayar ita ce mai za ka yi wa al’umma”.
Idan mu ka yi duba da yadda wannan bawan Allah ya rayuwa, gaba ɗaya rayuwarsa ya yi ta ne kan fafutukar taimakawa al’umma. Kuma ya yi nasara. Sannan daga baya ya samu girma da ɗaukaka a duniya saboda ƙoƙarinsa kan taimakawa al’umma. Ba shakka waɗannan halaye abin koyi ne matuƙa ga sauran al’umma.