Abin da ya sa babu kamfanonin zirga-zirgar jiragen helikwafta - BBC News Hausa
Abin da ya sa babu kamfanonin zirga-zirgar jiragen helikwafta
https://www.bbc.com/hausa/mujalla/vert_fut/2016/09/160906_helicopter_airline_verticals
Image caption Kamfanonin zirga-zirgar jiragen helikwafta za su iya rage mana asarar lokaci da bukatar gina filayen sauka da tashin jiragen sama masu tsada. Me ya sa bamu da su?
Filayen saukar jiragen sama na da tsadar ginawa.
Kuma su na bukatar manya manyan filaye, domin samar da titunan tashi, da gareji, da wuraren jiran fasinja, da wuraren ajiye kayayyaki, da dai sauran abubuwan da ake bukata domin inganta sufurin sama.
Haka kuma su na samar da hayaniya mai yawa – abinda ya zamo babbar barazana a shekarun 1950 da 1960, lokacin da sufurin jiragen sama ya zamo ruwan dare gama duniya tsakanin talakawa da mawadata.
Kamfanonin kera jiragen sama sun biya wannan bukatar ne ta hanyar kera jiragen da za su iya kwasar mutane masu yawa zuwa wurare masu nisa cikin aminci da jin dadi – amma sam ba su lura da irin karar da jiragen ke fitarwa ba.
Image caption Yadda aka kera Rotodyne bai sa an iya magance matsalolin da ake fuskanta ba
To me ya hana helikwafta – wadanda sun fi jiragen farko saukin kara, kuma su ka sauka da tashi kai tsaye ba tare da bukatar titin zura wa da gudu kamar sauran jirage ba – su iya cike wannan gibi?
Da za’a samu hakan da abu ya yi kyau – kaddara tashi zuwa ga kudancin Faransa daga helikwafta a tsakiyar birnin London.
Sai dai kuma, kirkiro wani abu da ya hada saukin sarrafawa irin na helikwafta da kuma kwasar adadin fasinjoji irin na jirgin sama ya zama gawurtaccen aiki.
Kawo yanzu fasahar kere-keren zamani ta gaza shawo kan wannan matsalar.
Gajere, lukuti, mai kashe kunnuwa
Akwai wani jirgi da ya kusa cimma wannan buri – don har ma ya tashi. Jirgin Fairey Rotodyne, wani yunkuri ne da aka yi a shekarun 1950 na samar da kamfanin zirga-zirgar jiragen helikwafta.
Ya na da katuwar fanka a samansa, da wasu gajerun fikafikai masu dauke da injinan da ke juya farfelar da ke taimakawa fankar saman jirgin.
An tsara jirgin na Rotodyne ne domin daukar fasinjoji 40.
An samar da Rotodyne shekaru kadan bayan da aka fara jigilar jiragen sama.
Tun lokacin an fara fuskantar kalublen wuraren da za’a yi filayen saukar jiragen.
Sai dai kamar yadda Mike O’Donoghue na cibiyar kwararru kan fasahar jiragen sama ta kasar Burtaniya ya bayyana, akwai kalubalen fasaha masa dama da masu kera jirgin su ka kasa shawo kansu.
O’Donoghue ya ce makeran Rotodyne sun bullo da sabuwar fasahar rike jirgi a sama bayan tashinsa.
“Rotodyne na sauka da tashi kamar ungulu ne ta hanyar amfani da fila-filan fankar samansa, wadanda ake sarrafa su ta hanyar wasu kananan hanyoyin tunkudo iska.
Su na samun zazzafar iska ne daga injinunan jirgin.
Yayin da jirgin ya fara yin gaba, sai a rage karfin iskar da ake tunkudawa zuwa ga fila-filan fankar.
Daga nan sai injinunan da ke fuskantar gaba su ci gaba da tafiyar da jirgin a sararin samaniya.”
Nufinsu shi ne jirgin ya rika tashi daga tsakiyar birnin London zuwa ga bayan garin birnin Paris.
Amma fa akwai wata gagarumar matsala – masifaffiyar kara.
Image caption Next Gen Civil Tilt Rotor na iya daukar fasinjoji har 20
“An gaya min cewa, ba za’a iya kwatanta tsananin kararsa ba.
Ba za ku iya daga murya ku tattauna da juna ba tun daga nisan mil biyu da jirgin,” in ji O’Donoghue.
“Ga jirgin da ya ke da niyyar tashi daga tsakiyar cikin gari, wannan matsananciyar karar ba mummunar matsala ce.”
Babu kamfanin da ya sayi Rotodyne don haka aka hakura da shi.
Amma tun daga lokacin ake kokarin samar da na’urar jigilar fasinja a sararin sama, wacce rabinta helikwafta ce rabinta jirgin sama.
Ci gaban fasahar kere-kere ya sa injina sun rage kara kuma sun kara ingancin aiki.
Inda aka mai da hankali shi ne fasahar sarrafa fankar jirgi kasa da sama – wato yadda za’a iya daga fankar ko kuma fiffiken da fankar take zuwa sama ko kuma gaba.
Idan aka daga su sama, sai su ba jirgi damar tashi da sauka kai tsaye kamar ungulu, idan kuma aka jirga su gaba, sai jirgin ya kara saurin keta hazo.
Sai dai kuma kawo yanzu an kasa kara saurin tafiyar da helikwafta ke iya yi a sama, abinda ya jawo tsaiko ga karbuwarsa a matsayin jirgin jigilar fasinja.
Mafi shaharar misalign irin wannan fasaha shi ne jirgin soji na Boeing V-22, wanda rundunar jiragen ruwa da na fadar shugaban kasar Amurka ke amfani da shi (koda yake dai shi shugaban kasar Amurka ba a yi masa izinin shiga jirgin ba saboda hadurran da aka samu a samfurin Boeing V-22 din).
Dominic Perry, editan labarai na mujallar Flight International ya ce kamfanin kirar helikwafta mai suna AgustaWestland (wanda yanzu ya koma Leonardo) ya bayyana shirinsa na kera wani sabon jirgin da ake sarrafa fankasa kasa da sama, domin jigilar fasinja karkashin wani shiri mai taken NGCTR.
“Jirgi ne da zai ce mutane 20 kuma ya yi tafiya mai saurin mil 300 a sa’a daya, inda ake sa ran zai fara aiki a 2021,” in ji Perry.
Hukumar tarayyar Turai ce ta dauki nauyin shirin domin samar da samfurin jirgin da aka kudirci kerawa lokacin da aka kera Rotodyne.
Wani samfurin kuma, in ji Perry, shi ne Karem Aerotrain.
Gangar jikin Aerotrain ta yi kama da siffar jiragen sama da aka saba gani su na jigilar fasinja, amma fankarsa kan daga sama ko gaba, kamar dai irin ta NGCTR.
“Aerotrain jirgi ne da aka sarrafa fankarsa sama ko gaba, wanda girmansa ya kai na 737, wanda zai bayar da yanayi irin na jiragen saman da aka saba da su amma kuma zai iya tashi da sauka kai tsaye kamar ungulu.”
Koda yake ba lallai ba ne wannan shirin ya yi nasara ba, Perry ya bayyana cewa Abraham Karem ya saba kirkiro jiragen da suka saba wa tunanin abinda ake ganin zai yiwu.
Abraham Karem shi ne ya kera jirgin Predator mara matuki kuma mai amfani da injin jet wanda rundunar sojin Amurka ke amfani da shi.
A 2001 a gabatar da shirin Aerotrain amma kawo yanzu bai kai ga tashi ba.
A cewar Perry in dai har fasahar kere-kere ta yi ci gaban da zai iya tashi cikin sauki kamar sauran jiragen sama, zai iya zama karbabben sauyi.
Sai dai kuma akwai wata babbar matsala tattare da jiragen da ake iya sarrafa fankokinsu.
Fila-filan da ake bukata a fankokin maka-makan gaske ne matuka gaya.
“Su na kuma juyawa ne daf da gangar jikin jirgin,” in ji Perry.
“Me zai faru inda filfilwa daya ta cire daga jikin fankar jirgin ana cikin tafiya a sama?”
Fasinjoji ba za su samu kwanciyar hankali ba idan su ka ga irin wannan gagarumar filfilwa ta yanko daga jikin jirginsu ta na walagigi a sararin samaniya.
O’Donoghue ya ce wata babbar matsalar da ke fuskantar irin wadannan jiragen ita ce ta kudin kera su – fasahar sarrafa fukafikai ko fankokinsu ya sa sun fi jiragen sama masu girmansu tsada kwarai da gaske.
Ya ce “Farashin ya na da muhimmanci.
Ina ganin duk irin helikwaftan jigilar fasinjan da za’a samar ba zai wuce mai gajere zuwa matsakaicin zango ba.”
Yunkurin kera tika-tikan jiragen saman da za su yi jigilar daruruwan fasinjoji kuma su iya tashi kai tsaye kamar ungulu abu ne mai kamar wuya.
Hakan bai hana wasu masu taswirar jirage samar da samfuran manyan jiragen sama masu saukar ungulu ba – daya daga cikinsu shi ne samfurin ‘Airbus A350H’ da masanin taswirar jirage dan kasar Italiya, Victor Uribe ya wassafa.
Image caption Ana kallon jirgin Aerotrain a matsayin na fasinja da kuma daukar kayayyakin soji
Airbus din mai kama da kirar jiragen ‘yan sama-jannati zai tashi ne ta hanyar wani inji dake ingiza shi daga kasan gangar jikinsa maimakon amfani da fanka.
Matsalar ita ce, a yanzu bamu da wata na’ura da za ta iya cicciba abu mai nauyi kamar jirgi zuwa sararin samaniya ba.
Duk da haka, kamfanin Boeing na aiki tare da hukumar bincike kan harkokin tsaro ta Amurka domin samar da wani tsarin tashin jirage mai suna DiscRotor.
A tsarin DiscRotor, fankar jiragen na lullube ne cikin wani katon faranti da ke saman jirgin.
A lokacin tashi, sai a saki fila-filan fankar su juya kamar dai yadda helikwafta ke yi, amma da zarar jirgin ya yi sama, sai a janye fila-filan zuwa cikin farantin, inda za su daina juyawa.
Hakan sai ta bai wa jirgin damar ci gaba da aiki kamar jirgin sama na yau da kullum.
Idan an zo sauka sai a rage gudu, a zuro fila-filai su juya domin jirgin ya sauka tsidik kamar ungulu.
Wadannan shirye-shiryen dai fata na gari ne.
Amma irin wannan tunanin shi ake bukata in ha rana son da gaske a samu jiragen jigilar fasinja masu tashin ungulu.
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