Agatha Christie - Mawallafin Litattafan Tarihi na 82
by Shelly Schwartz, Mawallafin Tarihin Tarihi
Mawallafin Litattafan Tarihi na 82
Agatha Christie ya kasance daya daga cikin mawallafin da suka kasance masu cin zarafin da suka yi nasara a cikin karni na 20. Tawar da ta kasance da ita ta kai ta zuwa cikin littafi mai wallafewa inda ta tarar da furofesa mai ban sha'awa tare da wasu haruffa masu ban sha'awa, ciki har da sanannun masanan sunaye Hercule Poirot da Miss Marple.
Christie bai rubuta litattafai 82 kawai ba, amma kuma ta rubuta wani tarihin rayuwar mutum, jerin litattafan litattafan romance guda shida (ƙarƙashin sunan Mary Westmacott), da wasan kwaikwayo 19, ciki har da Mousetrap , wasan kwaikwayo na mafi tsawo a duniya a London.
Fiye da 30 daga cikin litattafai na asiri da aka kashe a cikin motsi sun hada da Shaidun Shari'ar (1957), Muryar a kan Gabas ta Gabas (1974), da Mutuwa a Kogin Nilu (1978).
Dates: Satumba 15, 1890 - Janairu 12, 1976
Har ila yau Known As: Agatha Maryamu Clarissa Miller; Dame Agatha Christie; Mary Westmacott (pseudonym); Sarauniya na Laifi
A ranar 15 ga watan Satumba, 1890, an haifi Agatha Mary Clarissa Miller 'yar Frederick Miller da Clara Miller (née Boehmer) a cikin kogin teku na Torquay, Ingila. Frederick, mai sauƙi, mai cin gashin kansa na Amurka, kuma Clara, wani ɗan Ingila, ya haifa da 'ya'yansu guda uku - Margaret, Monty, da Agatha - a cikin gidan gidan stuc na Italiyanci tare da bayin.
Agatha ya sami ilimi a cikin farin ciki, gidan zaman lafiya ta hanyar cakuda tutoshi da "Nursie," injinta. Agatha wani mai karatu ne na musamman, musamman Arthur Conan Doyle na Sherlock Holmes .
Tana da abokansa suna jin dadin yin aiki a cikin labarun da suka mutu inda kowa ya mutu, wanda Agatha ya rubuta kansa. Ta taka leda kuma ta dauki darussan piano; duk da haka, mummunar rashin tausayi ta hana ta daga yin aiki na jama'a.
A 1901, yayin da Agatha ke da shekaru 11, mahaifinsa ya mutu daga ciwon zuciya. Frederick ya yi wani mummunan zuba jarurruka, yana barin iyalinsa ba da tattalin arziki ba tare da shirye-shiryen mutuwarsa ba.
Ko da yake Clara ya iya ajiye gidansu tun lokacin da aka biya jinginar gida, an tilasta masa ya sa mutane da dama suka yanke, ciki har da ma'aikatan. Maimakon malamai na gida, Agatha ya tafi makarantar Miss Guyer a Torquay; Monty shiga sojojin; kuma Margaret ya yi aure.
Ga makarantar sakandare, Agatha ya tafi makarantar kammalawa a birnin Paris inda mahaifiyarsa ta yi fatan cewa 'yarta za ta zama dan wasan opera. Kodayake yana da kyau a raira waƙa, matakan Agatha ya sake maimaita shi daga yin aiki na jama'a.
Bayan kammala karatunta, sai ita da mahaifiyarta suka tafi Misira, wanda zai sa ya rubuta ta.
Kasancewa Agatha Christie, Mai Rubutun Laifi
A shekara ta 1914, mai dadi, mai jin kunya, mai shekaru 24 mai suna Agatha ya sadu da Archibald Christie mai shekaru 25, mai shekaru 25, wanda ya bambanta da halinsa. Ma'aurata sun yi aure ranar 24 ga watan Disamba, 1914, kuma Agatha Miller ya zama Agatha Christie.
Wani memba na sarauta Flying Corps a lokacin yakin duniya na , daring Archibald ya koma gidansa a ranar bayan Kirsimeti, yayin da Agatha Christie ya zama mai ba da aikin jinya ga marasa lafiya da kuma rauni na yaki, da dama daga cikinsu akwai Belgians. A shekara ta 1915, ta zama likitan likitancin asibitin, wanda ya ba ta ilimi a cikin poisons.
A shekarar 1916, Agatha Christie ya rubuta asirin kisan gillar mutuwar mutum a cikin lokacinta, mafi yawa saboda 'yar uwarsa Margaret ta kalubalanci ta yin hakan.
Christie ya buga littafin nan The Mysterious Affair a Styles kuma ya gabatar da wani mai duba Belgium wanda ya kirkiro Hercule Poirot (mutumin da zai bayyana cikin 33 na litattafanta).
Christie da mijinta sun sake saduwa bayan yakin suka zauna a London inda Archibald ya sami aiki tare da ma'aikatar Air a 1918. An haifi 'yarta Rosalind a ranar 5 ga Agustan 1919.
Masu wallafa shida sun juya littafin Christie kafin John Lane a Amurka ya wallafa shi a 1920 kuma Bodley Head ya buga a Burtaniya a shekarar 1921.
An wallafa littafin Christie na biyu, The Secret Secret , a 1922. A wannan shekarar, Christie da Archibald suka tashi zuwa Afirka ta kudu, Australia, New Zealand, Hawaii, da Kanada a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin kasuwanci na Birtaniya.
Rosalind ya zauna tare da iyayenta Margaret na watanni goma.
Agatha Christie's Personal Mystery
By 1924, Agatha Christie ya buga litattafai shida. Bayan mahaifiyar Christie ta mutu daga mashako a 1926, Archibald, wanda yake da wani al'amari, ya tambayi Christie don saki.
Christie ya bar ta a ranar 3 ga Disamba, 1926; An gano motarta ta watsi da Christie. An yi zargin Archibald nan da nan. Bayan da 'yan sanda suka kama har kwana 11, Christie ya tashi a Harrogate Hotel, ta hanyar amfani da sunan da aka yi bayan mai lura da Archibald, kuma yana cewa tana da amnesia.
Wadansu suna zaton cewa a halin yanzu tana da mummunar rauni, wasu sun yi tsammanin cewa ta so ta dame mijinta, kuma 'yan sanda sun yi zargin cewa tana son sayar da littattafai.
Archibald da Christie sun saki ranar Afrilu 1, 1928.
Da yake bukatar samun tsira, Agatha Christie ya shiga Gabas ta Gabas a 1930 daga Faransa zuwa gabas ta tsakiya. Lokacin da ya ziyarci wani wuri a Ur, ya sadu da wani masanin ilimin kimiyya mai suna Max Mallowan, babban jaririnta. Shekaru goma sha huɗu da shugabansa, Christie ya ji daɗi da kamfanoni, ya gano cewa dukansu sunyi aiki a cikin kasuwancin gano "alamu."
Bayan sun yi aure a ranar 11 ga watan Satumba, 1930, Christie sau da yawa yana tare da shi, yana zaune da rubutu daga wuraren tarihi na Mallowan, ya kara karfafa saitunan litattafanta. Ma'aurata sun ci gaba da farin ciki aure tsawon shekaru 45, har mutuwar Agatha Christie.
Agatha Christie, dan wasan kwaikwayo
A cikin Oktoba 1941, Agatha Christie ya rubuta wani wasa mai suna Black Coffee .
Bayan rubuta wasu wasannin da yawa , Christie ya rubuta Mousetrap a cikin Yulin 1951 don haihuwar ranar haihuwa ta Maryamu Maryamu; wasan kwaikwayon ya zama wasan da ya fi tsayi a cikin West End na London, tun 1952.
Christie ya karbi kyautar Edgar Grand Master a shekarar 1955.
A shekara ta 1957, lokacin da Christie ya zama rashin lafiya a wuraren da aka gano, Mallowan ya yanke shawarar janye daga Nimrud a arewacin Iraqi. Ma'aurata sun koma Ingila inda suke kula da kansu da rubuta ayyukan.
A shekara ta 1968, Mallowan ya kwarewa don gudunmawarsa a ilmin kimiyya. A 1971, an nada Christie Dame Commander na Birtaniya, Birnin Britaniya, wanda ya kasance daidai da tsarin kula da aikin, don ayyukanta a littattafai.
Mutuwa Agatha Christie
Ranar 12 ga watan Janairun, 1976, Agatha Christie ya mutu a gida a Oxfordshire lokacin da yake da shekaru 85 na asali. An shiga jikinsa a Cholsey Churchyard, Cholsey, Oxfordshire, Ingila. An wallafa littafin tarihin kansa a cikin shekarar 1977.
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