Sharhin Littafin “Kwamfuta” Na Malam Salisu Hassan (Webmaster) | DUNIYAR COMPUTER
Home Teburin Edita Sharhin Littafin “Kwamfuta” Na Malam Salisu Hassan (Webmaster)
Wannan shine bangon littafin kwamfuta da Mal. Salisu Hassan Webmater ya wallafa
Sharhin Abdullahi Salihu Abubakar (Baban Sadik) daga jaridar Aminiya https://aminiya.dailytrust.com.ng/sharhin-littafin-kwamfuta-na-malam-salisu-hassan-webmaster-1/
Don fahimtar da mai karatu tsari da hanyoyin sadarwa tsakanin kwamfuta da sauran na’urori da kayayyakin sadarwa, marubucin ya kulla taken Babi na Bakwai da suna: “Communication Debices”. A nan ne mai karatu zai ga ma’ana da nau’ukan hanyoyin sadarwa da kwamfuta ke dauke da su, tare da tsarin musayar bayanai tsakanin kwamfuta da sauran kayayyakin sadarwa na zamani. A wannan babi ne har wa yau mai littafin ya yi bayanin matakan tsarin sadarwa a kwamfuta da suka hada da: shigar da bayanai da sarrafa bayanai, da fitar da bayanai, sai kuma adana bayanai. Wadannan su ne asalin ayyukan kwamfuta, kuma wadannan matakai take amfani da mu’amala da sauran kayayyaki da na’urorin sadarwa a babin sadarwa. Daga cikin abubuwa muhimmai da marubucin ya tabo a wannan babi akwai hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani, irin su fasahar Imel, da fasahar Intanet da hanyoyin aikawa da sauti ko amo ta hanyar igiyar wayar sadarwa (Wired Connection) da ta wayar-iska (Wireless). Wadannan bayanai duk Malam Salisu ya yi su ne ta la’akari da na’urar sadarwa ta zahiri.
A Babi na Takwas wanda shi ne babi na karshe a kashi na biyu na littafin, mawallafin ya kawo bayani ne kan mahadar sadarwa, wato: “Ports,” kamar yadda ya ambaci taken babin a farko. Fahimtar wannan babi na bukatar misalai sosai. “Port” mahada ce da kwamfuta ke amfani da ita wajen karbar bayanai rubutattu ko na sauti ko bidiyo. Duk da cewa su ma bangarorin kwamfuta ne na zahiri, amma suna da lambobi da babbar manhajar kwamfuta ke amfani da su wajen karba ko mika bayanai ga mai amfani da kwamfuta. Misali, idan kana son hawa Intanet, kwamfutarka na amfani da dayar hanyoyi biyu ne na zahiri; ko dai ta amfani da igiyar wayar sadarwa ko ta amfani da tsarin sadarwa na wayar-iska. Da wadannan mahadai ne take isar da bukatarta ga kwamfutar da ke dauke da bayanan da kake bukata a wata jiha daban. Da zarar sakon ya iso, babbar manhajar kwamfutarka kan yi amfani da lambar mahadar sadarwa ta 80 (Port 80), wadda ita ce mahadar da manhajar ka’idar sadarwar Intanet mai suna: “Hypertedt Transfer Protocol – http” ke amfani da ita wajen karba da aika bayanai a tsarin sadarwa ta Intanet. Idan bangaren fasahar Imel ne, akwai ka’idar sadarwa ta Imel mai suna “POP3” ko “SMTP” da ke karbar sakonni ta mahada mai lamba ta 110 ko 25, misali. Wadannan lambobi suna da alaka da waccan mahadar sadarwa, wadda mai karatu na iya ganin ramukanta a jikin akwatin kwamfuta in ta tebur ce (Desktop), ko a gefenta (in nau’in Laptop ce). Kyakkyawan karatun wannan babi zai ilimantar da mai karatu matuka kan falsafar sadarwa ta kwamfuta.
A bangaren karshen littafi, kamar yadda na lura, marubucin ya gina babi guda uku ne, wadanda suka kunshi bayanai kan ruhin kwamfuta, wato manhaja ko masarrafar da take rayuwa a kansu ke nan. Dama manyan bangarorin kwamfuta guda biyu ne; bangaren farko shi ne gangar-jikin da muke gani kuma muke iya tabawa. Bangare na biyu kuma shi ne ruhinta, wato bangaren da dan Adam ba ya iya tabawa sai dai ya gan shi a aikace. Idan babu wannan bangare, kwamfuta ta zama kango ke nan.
Babi na Tara shi ne ke kunshe da mukaddima kan ma’ana da hakikanin manhajar kwamfuta, wadda marubucin ya kira da suna: “Software,” kamar yadda ya ayyana sauran taken babi-babin da suka gabace shi. A wannan babi har wa yau, ya yi bayani kan tasirin wannan bangare na kwamfuta, tare da bambance tsakanin manyan nau’ukan manhajar kwamfuta; “System Software,” da kuma “Application Software” don samun kyakkyawar fahimta ga mai karatu. Ya kuma karashe ragowar babin ne da bayani kan ma’ana da nau’ukan “System Software,”,wato: “Utility Software” da “Operating System” da kuma “Debice Driber”. A Babi na Goma kuma ya ci gaba da bayani kan daya nau’in manhajar kwamfuta, wato: “Application Software”. Wannan shi ne nau’in manhajar kwamfuta da galibin jama’a suke amfani da ita a kwamfutoci ko wayoyinsu na salula ko wasu kayayyakin sadarwa na zamani. Sai babi na karshe, wato Babi na Goma Sha Daya, wanda ya kunshi bayani kan fasahar Intanet: ma’ana da asali da tarihi da kuma fa’idojin da fasahar Intanet ke dauke da su. Wannan shi ne babin karshe da ke littafin.
Tsokaci da ta’aliki
Wannan littafi ne mai girman gaske wanda marubucinsa bai yi kasa a gwiwa ba wajen taskance muhimman bangarorin ilimin da suka shafi kwamfuta musamman a wannan zamani da muke ciki. Malamin ya yi amfani da salo uku ne muhimmai wajen karantar da mai karatu. Salo na farko shi ne tsarin fayyace ma’anar kalma ko wata na’ura da yake bayani a kanta. Wannan a bayyane yake ga duk wanda ya karanta wannan littafi. Salo na biyu shi ne amfani da misalai, wajen bayanin wani tsari na gudanuwa ko samuwa ko sarrafa wani yanayi na sadarwa. Su ma ire-iren wadannan misalai a warwatse suke cikin littafin birjik. Sai salo na uku wanda ya kunshi amfani da tarihi wajen fahimtar da mai karatu asali da samuwar wata fasaha ko na’ura.
Don tabbatar da kyakkyawar fahimta a kwakwalwar mai karatu, mawallafin ya sanya hotuna na na’urori ko kayayyakin fasahar da yake bayani a kai, a dukkan inda bukatar haka ta taso. Sannan ya yi amfani da jadawali (table) mai tsawo wajen kawo kalmomi 500 na Ingilshi masu alaka da ilimin kwamfuta tare da bayanin ma’anarsu.
Dangane da tsarin rubutu kuwa, Malam Salisu ya zuba harshen Ingilishi sosai a cikin littafin. A tunanina, dalilin hakan ba ya rasa alaka da abubuwa biyu: Na farko shi ne asalin wannan ilimi daga harshen Ingilishi ne. Don haka, rubuta littafi kan ilimin kwamfuta a harshen Hausa ba zai taba yiwuwa ba sai da tsofa kalmomin Ingilishi, tunda shi ne asali. Na biyu kuma, saboda da yawa cikin wadanda suke da ilimin kwamfuta cikin Hausawa a yau, za ka samu kashi 90 cikin 100 na kalmomin da suka san bangarorin kwamfuta da su duk cikin harshen Ingilishi ne. Don haka, kusan dukkan babi-babin littafin an rubuta su ne cikin harshen Ingilishi ba da Hausa ba.
Ta bangaren ma’anonin kalmomi kuma, marubucin bai rike wani tsari guda wanda ya tabbata a kai ba. Da farko dai, galibin kalmomin da ya fassara bai ba su suna tilo ko murakkabi ba. Galibi ya kan yi bayanin ma’anar kalmar ce, sannan ya kawo misali don mai karatu ya fahimci ma’anar. Misali, a shafi na 75 inda mawallafin ke bayani kan ma’anar “CPU,” ya yi amfani da kalmomi sama da daya ko biyu tsakanin Hausa da Ingilishi, don fahimtar da mai karatu ma’anar wannan kalma cikin sauki. Ga yadda ya sa abin nan:
CPU ko kuma a kira shi da Processor wani lokaci ma shi ake kira da ƙwaƙwalwar kwamfuta… shi ke kasancewa mai fashin baki da fassara ga duk abin da yake faruwa a cikin kwamfuta. Iyakar abin da za a iya maka misali shi ne mutumin da ya je ƙasar da ba sa jin harshensa kuma shi ba ya jin harshensu dole yana buƙatar tafinta wannan tafinta shi ke jin harshensa kuma yana jin harshensu.
A wasu wuraren kuma yakan yi amfani da kalmar Ingilishi kai -tsaye ba tare da kawo ma’anarta ga mai karatu ba, musamman idan a baya ya ambaci kalmar. A wasu lokuta kuma yakan yi haka tun kafin ya ambaci kalmar a wani wuri da ya gabata. Kyakkyawar misali na shafi na 94 a Babi na 4 (Input Debices), inda yake bayani kan ma’anar kalmomin “Input” da kuma “Debice,” yana cewa:
Input na nufin shigar da data ko program ko umarni ta hanyar da ɗan Adam zai iya umartar kwamfuta da shi. Debice kuma na nufin kayan lantarki…
A baya ya kawo ma’anar “data” a Babi na 1, amma da ya zo Babi na 4 sai ya sake ambatar kalmar cikin harshen Ingilishi, maimakon harshen Hausa kamar yadda wadansu za su zata. A daya bangaren kuma, ya ambaci kalmar “program” a Turance a nan, wanda bai riga ya ambaci kalmar a ko’ina ba kafin wannan wuri. Wannan salo ne da marubucin ya dauka saboda wasu dalilai.
Bayan nazari da bita kan littafin “Kwamfuta” har sau uku da na yi, daga cikin abubuwan da za su taimaka wajen kara inganta littafin shi ne, rage yawan kalmomin Ingilishi ta hanyar fassara su cikin gajerun jimloli. Wannan zai kara fahimtar da mai karatu cikin sauki. Ta bangaren jimlolin littafin kuma, zai dace a rage tsayinsu. Saboda gajerun jimloli sun fi saurin isar da ma’ana, musamman ga littafin da ke kokarin isar da wani sabon ilimi irin wannan, wanda rubuce-rubuce ba su yadu a fannin ba, cikin harshen Hausa. Haka nan, zai dace idan aka ba da ma’anar kalma a farko cikin wani babi a harshen Hausa, to, idan aka zo ambaton kalmar a wani wuri a ambace ta cikin ma’anar da aka ba ta a harshen Hausa; in ya so sai a sanya asalin kalmar Ingilishin a cikin baka biyu, misali: “Beran kwamfuta” (Mouse). Ko “Allon Shigar da Bayanai” (Keyboard). Hakan zai kara tunatar da mai karatu asalin kalmar da aka ciro kalmar Hausar. Bayan haka, zai dace a yi bitar ma’anar wasu kalmomi. Misali a shafi na 231, mawallafin ya fassara kalmar “Internet” da “Web” da ma’anar “Yanar Gizo,” maimakon “Yanar Sadarwa,” wadda ita ce ta fi isar da ma’ana mai inganci. Haka kalmar “Script” a fannin gina manhajar kwamfuta, an fassara ta da: “Surkullen Yaren kwamfuta”. Wannan ba zai bai wa mai karatu kyakkyawar fahimta kan sakon da kalmar ke isarwa ba. “Script” nau’i ne na yaren gina manhaja ko shafukan Intanet. Sannan kalmar “surkulle” tana ishara ce ga wani abin da ba ya da hakika; kamar rufa-ido ne. Wannan ya saba wa ilimin gina manhajar kwamfuta, wanda hakika ne shi, ba surkulle ba. Ba dukkan mai karatu zai fahimci asalin ma’anar ba. Ina ganin bitar ma’anar kalmar zai dace don isar da ma’ana mai inganci.
A karshe, wannan littafi ne da duk mai son fahimtar yadda kwamfuta ke aiki da gudanuwa zai fa’idantu sosai da shi. Duk da cewa akwai kalmomin Ingilishi da dama, kamar yadda na sanar a baya, hikimar hakan a fili take. Rubuce-rubuce a harshen Hausa kan fannin kimiyya da fasahar sadarwa, musamman na kwamfuta, ba su yadu sosai ba a kasar Hausa. Daga cikin manyan kalubalen da ke gaban harshen Hausa wajen ci gaba a wannan fanni, akwai rashin daidaituwar ma’anonin kalmomin Ingilishi na wannan fanni. Ma’ana, samun daidaito A tsakanin masana kan ma’anar kalma, misali: “Click”- “Matsa” ko “Danna?” Haka idan ka dauki kalmar: “Storage” – “Ma’adana” take nufi ko “Ma’ajiya?” Ga kalmar; “Memory”-“Kwakwalwa” take nufi ko “Ma’adana?” Da sauran ire-irensu.
Wannan kalubale ne da ya kamata masana harshen Hausa a jami’o’inmu su tunkara, tare da hada kai wajen ganin an tabbatar da abin da zai zama abin dogaro. Lokacin da marubucin wannan littafi ya aiko mini don tofa albarkacin bakina, abu na farko da ya fado zuciyata ke nan. Shi ya sa a karshe da na gama bitar littafin, daga cikin uzurin da na ba shi na rashin tabo ko magana kan ma’anonin da ya bai wa galibin kalmomin Ingilishi da ya kawo a littafin, shi ne rashin daidaitaccen tsari abin dogaro. A yanayi irin wannan kuwa, hanya mafi sauki ita ce samar da daidaitaccen tsari da zai bai wa wadannan kalmomi ma’anonin da aka amince a kansu. Kafin samuwar hakan kuwa, dole ne mu hakura da abin da ya samu. A hankali, wata rana sai labari.
An wallafa wannan rubutu ne a jaridar Amina ta ranar 4 da 11 da 18 na watan Janairun 2020
zaku iya samun Abdullahi Salihu Abubakar (Baban Sadik) ta aikawa sakon email a wasiku@babansadik.com ta karamin sako ta wannan lambar 08034592444 (tes kawai)
Previous articleHANYOYIN DA AKE BI A CUCI MUTANE A INTANET
Garba Ahmad Dangora 01/23/2020 at 11:05 pm
Yayi kyau…
Muna godiya…
Duniyar Computer 01/24/2020 at 9:29 am
Muma muna godiya, Allah ya bar zumunci amin
Zaharaddeen sani adamu 01/25/2020 at 7:03 am
Hakika munajin dadi da irin wayar da Kai da gudunawa da kake bayarwa ga al’umma wajan fadakar da mu kakeyi akan ilimin na’ura Mai kwakwalwa.sannan wannan littafin da ka Samar zai taimakawa jama’ar Hausawa wajan sanin ilimin computer.muna godiya sosai da fatan Allah ya taimaka ameen.
Ibrahim Ibrahim Adam 03/02/2020 at 2:15 am
Allah yaqara basira, dan ALLAH tayaya mutum zai iya samun wannan littafi domin shima ya amfana da ilimin dake kunshe acikin sa…
Duniyar Computer 03/17/2020 at 4:50 pm
kana wane gari ne, ka same mu a 08038892030