Hukumar Yahudawa da kuma Gonar da Aka Shuka Zawa | Ka Sani?
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Da gaske ne cewa a zamanin dā wani zai iya shuka zawa a gonar wani?
Wannan littafin Digest da Sarki Justinian ya wallafa a shekara ta 1468, yana ɗaya daga cikin rubuce-rubuce da yawa da suka bayyana yadda ake yin shari’a a zamanin dā
A LITTAFIN Matta 13:24-26, Yesu ya ce: “Mulkin sama yana kama da mutum wanda ya shuka iri mai-kyau cikin gonarsa: amma lokacin da mutane suna barci, maƙiyinsa ya zo, ya shuka zawan kuma a tsakanin alkama, ya tafi. Amma sa’anda hatsi ya yi girma, har ya yi ƙwaya, sa’annan zawan kuma suka bayyana.” Marubuta da yawa sun yi shakkar wannan kwatancin da Yesu ya yi. Suna ganin hakan ba zai iya faruwa da gaske ba. Amma rubuce-rubucen Romawa na dā a kan batun shari’a sun nuna cewa hakan yana iya faruwa.
Wani ƙamus na Littafi Mai Tsarki ya ce: “Bisa ga dokar Roma, laifi ne mutum ya je ya shuka zawa a gonar wani mutum don yana son ya ɗauki fansa . . . hakan yana faruwa da gaske tun da har an kafa doka game da hakan.” Wani masanin shari’a mai suna Alastair Kerr ya bayyana cewa a shekara ta 533 bayan haihuwar Yesu, Sarkin Roma mai suna Justinian ya wallafa littafin da ake kira Digest. A wannan littafin, ya taƙaita dokokin Roma kuma ya yi ƙaulin ƙwararrun masanan shari’a daga shekara 100 zuwa 250 bayan haihuwar Yesu. Littafin ya ambata cewa wani ƙwararan masanin shari’a mai suna Ulpian ya yi magana a kan wata shari’a da wani kakakin Roma mai suna Celsus ya yi a ƙarni na biyu. An shuka zawa a gonar wani kuma hakan ya ɓata amfanin gonar. Littafin nan Digest ya yi bayani a kan hakkin da manomin yake da shi, kuma mai laifin zai biya shi diyya don abin da ya yi.
Irin waɗannan abubuwan sun faru a daular Roma a zamanin dā, kuma hakan ya nuna cewa kwatancin da Yesu ya yi ya faruwa da gaske.
Wane ‘yanci ne Romawa suka ba wa Yahudawa a ƙarni na farko?
A ƘARNI na farko, Romawa ne suke mulkin Yahudiya. Romawan suna da gwamnan da yake wakiltar su kuma yana da sojojin da suke ƙarƙashinsa. Aikinsa shi ne ya tabbatar da cewa mutanen suna biyan haraji ga Romawa kuma suna zaman lafiya. Romawan suna mai da hankali wajen tabbatar da cewa an kawar da duk wani abu da dokar ta hana. Ƙari ga haka, suna hukunta waɗanda suke jawo tashin hankali. Ban da waɗannan abubuwan, Romawan suna barin ƙananan hukumomi na Yahudawa su gudanar da harkokin shari’a na yau da kullum.
’Yan majalisa suna shari’a
’Yan majalisa ne suke yin shari’ar da ta ƙunshi dokokin Yahudawa a matsayinsu na kotun ƙoli. Akwai ƙananan kotuna a Yahudiya kuma su ne suke yin shari’a a kan yawancin ƙarar da aka kawo idan wani ya taka doka. Suna yin hakan ba tare da Romawa sun saka hannu ba. Amma Yahudawan ba su da ‘yancin hukunta mai laifi, Romawa ne kaɗai suke yin wannan da kansu. Lokacin da Romawa suka bar Yahudawa su yi irin wannan hukunci shi ne lokacin da ‘Yan majalisa suka hukunta Istifanas kuma suka sa aka jefe shi da duwatsu har ya mutu.—A. M. 6:8-15; 7:54-60.
’Yan majalisa suna da iko sosai a yankin Yahudawa. Wani masani mai suna Emil Schürer ya ce: “Amma duk da ikonsu, hukumomin Romawa suna iya ɗaukan wani mataki a yankinsu ba tare da sun tuntuɓe ‘yan majalisan ba, musamman idan wani ya taka doka a batun siyasa.” Irin wannan ya taɓa faruwa a lokacin da kwamandan sojoji mai suna Kuludiyas Lisiyas ya saka Bulus ɗan ƙasar Roma a gidan yari.—A. M. 23:26-30.