Binciken Pepperstone - Best Forex EA's | Mashawarci Masu Gudanarwa | FX Robots
Babban ShafiMafi Forex dillalaiBinciken Pepperstone
Mafi Forex EA'S | Gwani mashawarci | FX Butun-butumi Mafi Forex dillalai 3
Company sunan: Pepperstone Group (Pepperstone)
An kafa: 2010
Pepperstone baya iya karɓar abokan ciniki daga Afghanistan, Burma / Myanmar, Kanada, Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Tsakiya, Cote d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Korea (Koriya ta Arewa), Jamhuriyar Demokradiyyar Kongo, Eritrea, Tsohon Tarayyar Yugoslavia (FFRY ), Iran, Iraq, Japan, Liberia, Libya, New Zealand, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Yemen, Zimbabwe, Amurka (Amurka)
Canjin Pepperstone - Ofaya daga Cikin Manyan kersan Kasuwancin Samun Nasaran Duniya
Pepperstone yana da kisa-kawai mai kulla yarjejeniya da ke samar da samfurori masu mahimmanci ga masu cin kasuwa, duk da haka mai sauki isa ga ma'anar baya.
The Ƙungiyar Pepperstone an kafa shi ne a cikin 2010 ta hanyar jagorancin gwaninta - tare da shekaru na kwarewa a masana'antu da fasaha. Ana zaune a Melbourne, Ostiraliya.
Kamfanin Pepperstone Limited an kaddamar a 2016 don samar da kamfanin Pepperstone na Birtaniya da Turai tare da samun damar gida zuwa manyan kasuwancin kasuwanci da kyautar nasara. Ana zaune a London.
An sanya wannan shinge ne saboda ƙungiyarta ta lura da raunin da ake ciki tsakanin masu cin kasuwa ta amfani da kamfanonin kasuwanci na yau da kullum da aka lalacewa ta hanyar jinkirin aiwatar da kisa, kariya da yawa da tallafi marar kyau.
Don samar da kyakkyawan kwarewar ciniki, Pepperstone yana nufin samar da fasaha mai inganci da ke amfani da kisa marar iyaka, ƙananan farashin, da kuma sabis na kwarewa na musamman.
A tsawon shekaru, Pepperstone ya lashe lambar yabo ciki har da #1 a Sabis na Abokin ciniki da Ƙarshen Kasuwanci Kullum. Pepperstone zai kawo maka kyakkyawan kwarewar sabis na abokin ciniki. Saboda ƙungiyar ta mallaki shekaru da ilimi da kwarewa daga masana'antun ciniki na yau da kullum, za ka iya tabbatar da cewa za su iya taimaka maka kullum don biyan bukatunku.
Kawa - Ka'ida
Kamfanin Pepperstone Limited an izini kuma an tsara ta ta Gudanar da Harkokin Ciniki (FCA). FCA yana sarrafa tsarin masana'antun kudi a Birtaniya.
The Ƙungiyar Pepperstone an izini kuma an tsara ta ta Hukumar Harkokin Tsaro da Zuba Jarurruka ta Australian (ASIC). Ciniki tare da zaman lafiya na hankali da sanin Pepperstone ana kulawa da daya daga cikin manyan hukumomin kudi na duniya.
Pepperstone ya sanya wani mai dubawa na waje na waje don tabbatar da bin ka'idodi da tsarin aiki.
Tsaron kudi na abokin ciniki yana da muhimmancin gaske. Kamfanin Pepperstone Limited yana kula da asusun abokan ciniki da aka raba tare da Barclays Bank PLC.
Kamfanin Pepperstone Limited An tsara shi ta Hukumar Harkokin Kasuwanci ta Birtaniya karkashin FCA lambar rijista FRN 684312.
A Ostiraliya, da Ƙungiyar Pepperstone An tsara ta ta Asusun Australiya Securities and Investment Commission (ASIC) a karkashin AFSL A'a. 414530.
Pepperstone yana ba abokan ciniki damar damar kasuwanci a kan wasu abubuwa 11 daban-daban dandamali ciniki. Daga waɗannan dandamali, masu cin kasuwa sun tabbata sun sami wani wanda ya sadu da duk bukatunsu da tsarin kasuwanci.
The Kamfanin Platform Terminal MT4 na Pepperstone an tsara shi don baka damar taka rawa a cikin yanayin kasuwanci na yau mai aiki, tare da ra'ayoyi na rayuwa, zane-zane na yau da kullun, labarai mai zurfi da kuma nazari - kazalika da rundunar sarrafa kayan sarrafawa, alamu da mashawarci kwararru.
Mun yi imanin samun dama ga fayil ɗinku bai taba sauƙi ba. Ayyukan haɗin gwaninta da kuma kayan aiki masu mahimmancin kayan aiki sun taimake ka ka sarrafa matsayi naka da sauri kuma da kyau. Metatrader 4 (MT4) yana da hanyar yin amfani da ƙwarewar ciniki mai sauƙi don yana ba da sauki don amfani da mai amfani, daban-daban shafuka da alamomi kuma mafi mahimmanci harshen MQL wanda ya ba da damar mai amfani don sauƙi alamun alamu da kuma Mashawarci Kwararrun (EA's) - dabarun ciniki na atomatik waɗanda zasu iya kasuwancin kasuwar forex 24 / 5 ba tare da wani tsoma bakin mai amfani ba.
Gina kan nasarar nasarar da aka samu na Metatrader 4 Platform, MetaQuotes ya sake tayar da mashaya kuma ya saki mai iko da daidai Metatrader 5 (MT5) Kamfanin ciniki.
Tare da hanyoyi masu sauri, damar da za a shinge matsayi, ci gaba da umarni masu jiran aiki da wasu kayan aiki da alamu don taimaka maka ka sayi kasuwancinka zuwa mataki na gaba, MT5 na fasaha na musamman don taimaka maka ka ci gaba da kasuwanni.
Tsarin dandalin cTrader na Pepperstone an yi imanin cewa ya kasance daya daga cikin dandalin ciniki mai mahimmanci, sophisticated da kuma juyin juya halin da ake samuwa a kasuwa.
Mun yi imanin hadewar babban ƙarfin ruwan Pepperstone, ingantaccen kayan kasuwanci da saurin walƙiya na samar da abokan ciniki a cikin kasuwar musayar ƙasashen waje. Wannan kayan aiki na iya ba da damar shiga kai tsaye cikin zurfin kasuwar banki da ƙari mai yawa, irin su tsarin kasuwancin tushen algorithmic.
Bugu da kari, Pepperstone offers Metatrader 4, Metatrader 5 da cTrader a matsayin aikace-aikace na Android, iPhone da iPad. Wadannan aikace-aikacen suna ba masu ciniki damar samun damar shiga asusun su duk inda suke.
Pepperstone yana tallafawa a kan kwarewar cinikayyar da suke samar wa abokan ciniki a duniya. Kamfanin yayi damar shiga 80 + kayan fasaha ciki har da FX, karafa, man fetur da kuma indices don kasuwanci a duk faɗin dandalin dandalin Pepperstone.
Asusun Forex yana ba wa yan kasuwa damar yin amfani da 24 hours a rana, 5 kwanakin a mako a kasuwa mafi yawan kasuwancin duniya. Yan kasuwa na iya amfani da mafi girma yaduwa, kisa mafi kyau, 500: 1 leverage, da kuma zurfin banbancin banbancin ruwa a ko'ina 70 kudin nau'i-nau'i.
Samun bayyanar da manyan kasuwannin duniya na gaskiya ta hanyar sadarwar Pepperstone na duniya Lissafi CFDs. Wadannan Ƙididdigar CFDs ba su da alamar ɓoye, rashin kulawa maras kyau kuma babu ƙaddara a fadin fadin sararin samaniya 14 manyan filayen jari na duniya. Kasuwancin ciniki suna ba da dama ga dukkanin sababbin kasuwanni, ma'anar cewa kuna iya kirkiro hanyoyin dabarun ku na kasuwanci da kuma amfani da dama daban-daban a fadin kasuwancin duniya.
Hanyoyin ciniki kamar su Gold, Silver, Platinum da kuma palladium An yi sauƙin godiya ga Pepperstone ta samfurin farashi mai tsada, kisa da saurin zabin kayan aiki ba tare da hukumar ba. Precious karafa amfani ne mai amfani don daidaita tsarin dabarun kasuwancinku kuma ana sauke su a matsayin halayen halayen haya mai hatsari a lokutan kasuwar kasuwar, yawanci a cikin layi tare da kasuwancin kasuwanni da kumbura.
Pepperstone damar ciniki a makamashi tare da samfurori masu dacewa da kuma yawancin kasuwancin da ba su da kwamiti. Kamfanin yana bada kasuwannin man fetur biyu: West Texas Tsakanin Tsarin Kari da kuma Brent Man shanu. Dukansu suna samar da dama ga manyan abubuwa guda biyu don samun damar shiga kasuwar man fetur na duniya. Har ila yau a kan tayin ta hanyar wannan samfurin samar da makamashi Natural Gas. Duk waɗannan na'urori masu amfani da wutar lantarki suna da ƙananan kasuwancin masu girma daga 10c da pip, har zuwa 500: 1 tasiri don Masu Kasuwanci, har zuwa 30: 1 don Kasuwanci Kasuwanci, kuma babu kwamiti.
Pepperstone bayar da dama ga Bitcoin, Bitcoin Cash, Ethereum, Dash da kuma Litecoin ciniki da Amurka, tare da samfurin har zuwa 5: 1 don Kasuwancin Kasuwanci da kuma zuwa 2: 1 don Kamfanin Kasuwanci a duk faɗin dandalinmu. Cryptocurrency yana da manyan motsi na kasuwa wanda Forexan kasuwa na Forex da CFD za su iya amfani da su - ba tare da buƙatar sayan ainihin cryptos ko suna da walat ɗin crypto mai gudana ba.
Karawann miƙawa da manyan samfurin samfurori an haɗa su a duk faɗin duk asusun. Ya dace da sababbin yan kasuwa da kuma masu cin gashin kansu, kawai zaɓar hanyar da aka fi so da ciniki da kuma farashi don farawa.
Samun shiga banbancin banbancin banbanci, fasaha mai sassaucin ra'ayi, ruwa mai zurfi da kuma azabtarwa da sauri a kan kewayon lissafi don dacewa da bukatun ku. Dukkanin asusun suna kafa a layi tare da Ƙimar ciniki da ƙimar ciniki da ƙetare duk da haka Kasuwancin Kasuwanci zasu iya kasuwanci tare da haɓakawa mai girma.
The Asusun Kamfanin Pepperstone yana ba da damar yin amfani da banbancin banbancin banki da kuma cin gajiyar kuɗi Babu Hukumar. Yaɗa tare da wannan asusun ya fara daga kamar low 1.0 pips. Kashe cinikin ne ta hanyar STP tare da kuɗi daga bankuna daban-daban na 22. Asusun ciniki yana tare da Kare kariya ta rashin kyau da kuma Gudanar da hadarin haɗari.
The Pepperstone Razor Account yana ba ku dama kai tsaye zuwa ga mafi zurfin ruwa na duniya tare da farashin ciniki cikakke. Asusun Razor yana fasalta yankan abubuwan more rayuwa wanda ke bawa yan kasuwa damar fa'ida Ƙarƙiri mai sauƙi zuwa 500: 1 don Kasuwancin Kasuwanci, har zuwa 30: 1 don Kasuwanci Kasuwanci, ciniki daga 0.01 kuri'a da kuma ci gaba algorithms cewa hanya trades tare da saurin sauri sauri gudu gudun. An kafa kwamitin a AUD 3.5 ta 100k. Ƙarin kuɗin da aka buƙata don buɗe asusun Razor shine AUD 200 ko daidai a sauran agogo.
Asusun Swap-Free na Pepperstone an tsara shi ne don yan kasuwa waɗanda basa iya karɓar ko biya sauyawa. Asusun ciniki ba shi da wata riba yayin barin yan kasuwa damar cin gajiyar fasahar kasuwanci ta Pepperstone da kuma yawan ruwa mai zurfi. Ana kashe yan kasuwa bisa tsarin STP. Hakanan kuna buƙatar ƙaramin ajiya na $ 200 don buɗe asusun kasuwanci mai canzawa.
Ƙididdiga Masu Mahimmanci na Pepperstone Daidai
Standard Account Razor Account Swap-Free Account
Hukumar A'a A A'a
Matsakaicin yada a pips 1 - 1.8 0 - 0.8 1 - 1.2
Ana amfani da kuɗin kudi / riba mai amfani? A A A'a
Ƙididdiga na asusun kuɗi kaɗan $0 $ 200 $ 200
Shawara don sabon shiga M yan kasuwa, shinge, scalping da gwani Bayar Da Shawarar Abokan ciniki ba za su iya karɓar ko biya farashi ba
Fasarorin Pepperstone Metatrader 4 da 5 basu da hani akan ciniki!
Har ila yau, yan kasuwa suna iya shinge matsayi kamar yadda babu farko a cikin mulkin (FIFO) tare da Pepperstone. Yan kasuwa ba su biyan kuɗin a kan cinikin da aka kulla ba, kuma suna jin dadin amfani da gabar net.
Mun yi imanin yanayin kasuwancin Pepperstone yana cikin mafi kyau a cikin masana'antar. Duba da kanka dalilin da ya sa Pepperstone shine dillalin dillali na farko na Australiya. Suna da kyau don yan kasuwa waɗanda ke buƙatar kyakkyawan ingancin kisa da ƙananan shimfidawa.
Pepperstone koguna kan farashin 70 daban-daban nau'i nau'i-nau'i da kuma 4 karafa a dukkan tallan tallace-tallace. Pepperstone yana iya bayar da wasu farashin mafi kyau a cikin masana'antu ta hanyar tarawa daga ƙananan bankuna na 20 da kuma asusun ruwa mai tsabta. Wannan bashin farashi haɗe tare da saurin kisa ba tare da komai ba Pepperstone makomar da aka fi so ga masu cin kasuwa da rana, da masu yin amfani da su Kwararrun Masu Ba da Shawara (Forex EA's).
By miƙa samfurin har zuwa 500: 1 wannan mai kulla ya buɗe hanyar zuwa kasuwar kasuwa ga dukan yan kasuwa. Yin amfani da kayan aiki yana nufin kawai ƙananan ƙaddamarwa (gefe) ana buƙata. Yin amfani da leverage iya ƙarfafa riba amma asarar za ta iya wuce adadin kuɗin farko.
Ƙarƙwasaccen launi su ne manyan kasuwanni tare da farashin da ke gudana daga shafukan bankunan 20 da magungunan ruwa mai tsabta. Kwaɗaɗɗa na iya tafiya kamar ƙananan 0.0 pips a kan Metatrader 4, 5, da kuma dandalin cTrader.
Babu takaddun shaida da aka yi amfani da su ta hanyar yin amfani da asusun ajiya. A kan asusun Razor, akwai kwamiti na kimanin $ 3.5 ta hanyar daidaituwa da yawa kuma tallace-tallace mai sauƙi ne kuma ya fara daga 0.0 pips.
Kasuwancin Kasuwanci - Kayan aikin Trader na Metatrader 4 (MT4)
Kuna iya samun ƙarin daga tsarin dandalin MT4 da kwarewar ciniki tare da Smart Trader Tools by Pepperstone. A matsayin ɓangare na wannan kayan aikin Smart Trader kunshin ya ba da kyauta a kan 10 fasaha masu ciniki apps don taimaka maka samun dama, kazalika da abin da muka yi imanin cewa ba za mu iya fahimta ba a cikin kasuwannin, ba tare da kullun da kuma masu cin kasuwa ba.
Sake kasuwancin ku tare da wannan shafin yanar gizon yanar gizo tare da Chris Weston (Shugaban Bincike) da Sam Grecner (Masanin Tattalin Arziƙi) wanda ke ba mu cikakken bayani game da ikon MT4 da Smart Trader Tools.
Pepperstone offers a kan 10 matakan kudade in 9 daban-daban na agogo. Ajiye nan take kuma kyauta ta amfani da hanyoyi masu yawa.
Bank Wire, BPAY, Broker to Broker, Credit / Debit Card, FasaPay, Neteller, POLi, Bank Bank Transfer, Paypal, China Union Pay
A lokacin da kudade Asusunka na asusun kuɗin ciniki yana cikin Rahoton Asusun Amincewa na Gida. Ana sarrafa takardun lantarki ta amfani da fasahar SSL (Secure Socket Layer) kuma suna ɓoye don tabbatar da tsaro. Dukkan bayanan biyan kuɗi yana da sirri kuma ana amfani dasu ne kawai don dalilan kuɗin kuɗin kasuwancin ku Pepperstone.
Pepperstone ba ya cajin duk wani ƙarin kuɗi don adibas. Ya kamata ku sani cewa kuna iya karɓar kuɗi a kan biyan kuɗi zuwa kuma daga wasu cibiyoyin banki na duniya. Pepperstone ba yarda da alhakin kowane irin kudaden bankin ba.
Sauran takardun da aka samu kafin 21: 00 GMT (07: 00 AEST) za a sarrafa a wannan rana. Duk wani nau'in da aka karɓa bayan wannan lokaci baza a sarrafa shi ba sai ranar da ta biyo baya.
Za'a iya mayar da kudade zuwa asusun banki a cikin wannan sunan (ko haɗin gwiwa) kamar yadda kake Pepperstone asusun kasuwanci saboda dokokin sadarwar ta uku.
Pepperstone ba ya cajin duk ƙarin kudade don janyewa. Ya kamata ku sani cewa kuna iya karɓar kuɗi a kan biyan kuɗi zuwa kuma daga wasu cibiyoyin banki na duniya.
Domin Bankin Bankin Ƙasa na Bankin Ƙasa, canja wurin kudade da ma'aikatar banki ke ɗauka kamar kusan AUD 20 (ko £ 15). Wannan kudin ana cire shi daga adadin karbar ku. Kasuwanci na Wurin Lantarki na Duniya yana ɗaukar 3-5 kwanakin kasuwanci don isa ga asusun ku.
Bayanan Asusun Gudanar da Kyauta:
Pepperstone ba ya cajin duk wani kudade a kan hanyoyin biyan kuɗi: Gida ta Visa, MasterCard SecureCode, PayPal, Poli, Kudin Sin, Bank Tansfer, BPay, Skrill, Neteller (Ƙarshen Ƙarshe Ranar: Mayu 31, 2019 12: 00: 00 AM)
20% Raba a kan Ayyukan VPS: Sabobin Serbia na New York:
Sabis na NYC ya shiga tare Pepperstone don samar da wata ƙarancin latency bayani ga yan kasuwa. Sabis na NYC fahimci hakan ne don cin nasara a kasuwannin yau da canji na yau da kullun, 'yan kasuwar forex sun dogara da ingantaccen latency dangane da dillalin su, hukuncin kisa mai sauri, da sabbin masu karfin da aka gina don gudanar da 24x7x365. Bugu da ƙari duk ayyukan NYC suna samun goyon baya ta hanyar 24 × 7 ta hanyar imel, tikiti masu goyan baya, hira taɗi, da waya.
Pepperstone abokan ciniki na iya amfani da lambar talla “Shafin Karshe20” lokacin yin rajista har zuwa karɓar 20% kashe akan kowane shirin VPS. (Ƙarshen Ƙarshe Ranar: Mayu 31, 2019 12: 00: 00 AM)
Pepperstone yana da abokan ciniki a duk faɗin duniya kuma yana bada goyon baya mai kyau na 24 / 5 ta abokin ciniki ta hanyar tattaunawar rayuwa, taimakon yanar-gizon, wani bangare na FAQ, wayar tarho da imel.
Pepperstone yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan dillalai masu ba da izini a duniya Babban yan kasuwa, Ma'aikata da kuma Forex Gwani mashawarci ciniki. Kamfanin mai sayarwa yana ba da babban zaɓi na kayan kirki, ciki har da cryptocurrencies, da kuma karfi mai goyon bayan sabis na abokin ciniki.
Ziyarci shafin yanar gizo na Pepperstone
Wanene Pepperstone?
Pepperstone yana da yanar gizo na Forex da na CFD da ke samar da yan kasuwa a fadin duniya tare da fasahar fasaha don kasuwanci kasuwanni na duniya. An kafa kamfanin ne a 2010 tare da hangen nesa na samar da kyakkyawar ciniki ga masu ciniki. An sadaukar da mai siyarwa don kawo masu zuba jarurruka da 'yan kasuwa a Ostiraliya da kasashen waje mafita a baya baya kawai ga masu sana'a da manyan bankunan zuba jari.
Shin an sanya Pepperstone?
Pepperstone ASIC ta tsara shi a Ostiraliya kuma tana riƙe da lasisin lasisin kudi na 414530. Pepperstone yana biyan bukatun manyan kuɗi na ASIC da kuma gudanar da bincike na bin ka'idoji na ciki da kuma kulawar haɗari.
Mene ne bambanci tsakanin asusun Standard da Razor?
Pepperstone yana da nau'ikan asusun Metatrader 4 guda biyu, daidaitaccen lissafi da asusun Razor. Asusun na yau da kullun yana ba da damar yin amfani da yaduwar shinge na Pepperstone da gasa mai ma'ana tare da Babu Kwamishina. Asusun Razor yana ba ku dama kai tsaye zuwa ga magudanan ruwa mafi zurfin duniya tare da farashin ciniki cikakke. An kafa kwamiti a AUD 3.5 a kowane ciniki 100k.
Pepperstone ba da damar abokan ciniki su bude asusu tare da kadan kamar $ 200 ko kudin daidai.
Pepperstone yana ba abokan ciniki dama hanyoyin da za su tattara kudi. Wadannan su ne: Bank Wire, BPAY, Broker to Broker, Credit / Debit Card, FasaPay, Neteller, POLi, Bank Bank Transfer, Paypal, Sin Union Pay
Da fatan za a aika da samfurin Jirgin kan layi wanda aka samo a cikin Sashin Client Tsaro. Ana sarrafa dasu daga cikin 24 hours (ranar kasuwanci na 1 ko žasa).
Haka ne, Pepperstone cikakken damar da shinge da scalping dabaru. Yadawa da yanayin kasuwancin shine zabi mafi yawa daga masu cin kasuwa da masu sintiri a duniya baki daya.
Shin Pepperstone ya yarda da abokan ciniki na Amurka?
No. Pepperstone yana tallafawa kansa a matsayin mai ciniki na duniya wanda ke maraba da abokan ciniki daga ko'ina cikin duniya. Abin baƙin ciki tsarin Dokar Kasuwanci na Kasuwancin Amirka (CFTC) ya hana Amurka cinikin ciniki tare da masu ba da izini ba. Pepperstone Ana bin ka'idoji na kasa da kasa da na Australia da kuma haka a halin yanzu Pepperstone ba zai iya karɓar abokan ciniki na Amurka ba.
11 daban-daban dandamali ciniki
14 manyan filayen jari na duniya
70 kudin nau'i-nau'i
80 + kayan fasaha
Hukumar Harkokin Tsaro da Zuba Jari na Australia
Gudanar da hadarin haɗari
Lissafi CFDs
Mafi Girma Masu Gudanar da Award
Kare kariya ta rashin kyau
Babu Hukumar
Ƙungiyar Pepperstone
Kamfanin Pepperstone Limited
Asusun Kamfanin Pepperstone
Asusun Swap-Free na Pepperstone
Precious karafa
GASKIYA - DAYA NA DUNIYA MAI GASKIYA DUNIYA KUMA KUMA KUMA KUMA MUHIMMAN MUHIMMIN MUHAMMADA MUHIMMANCI! NEWS! Binciken Pepperstone - Ɗaya daga cikin Mafi Girma Masu Gudanar da Kyautar Aikin Duniya Pepperstone ne kisa-kawai mai sayarwa wanda ya samar da samfurori na sassauci ga masu cinikayya, duk da haka mai sauki isa ga sababbin magunguna. Samun ƙarin bayani da kari a nan: https://www.bestforexeas.com/pepperstone-review/ An kafa Kamfanin Pepperstone a 2010 ta hanyar haɗin gwiwar haɗaka da shekaru masu kwarewa a masana'antu da fasaha. Ana zaune a Melbourne, Ostiraliya. An kaddamar da Kamfanin Pepperstone Limited a 2016 don samar da kamfanin Pepperstone na Birtaniya da Turai tare da samun damar samun karfin... Kara karantawa "
Nau'in alakoki na banki wanda kake son sani game da | Mooboodle
[...] kasuwa na zuwa ga abin da zai iya zama sosai baffling. Ƙungiyar Pepperstone kungiyar izini ta ASIC. Mutane wurin biya Pepperstone Review kuma sami mafi kyau ga Forex da [...]
Na gode don nazarin ku, Na yarda cewa Pepperstone yana daya daga cikin mafi kyawun kulla yanzu tare da kyakkyawan sabis na abokin ciniki da kuma wanda ya kulla yarjejeniya.