Darasin addinin musulunci a makarantun Jamus | Zamantakewa | DW | 15.07.2008
Darasin addinin musulunci a makarantun Jamus
Tun kimanin shekaru tara aka fara karantar da darasin addinin musulunci a makarantun firamare na Jamus.
Ajin darasin addinin musulunci a Jamus
Jama´a masu sauraro barkanku da warhaka, barkanmu kuma da saduwa da ku a cikin wani sabon shirin na Mu Kewaya Turai, shirin ke kawo muku batutuwan da suka shafi siyasa, tattalin arziki, al´adu, zamantakewa da kuma dangantaka tsakanin kasashen nahiyar Turai.
Bayan shekaru tara da fara koyar da daraussan addinin Musulunci a matsayin gwaji a makarantun Jamus har yanzu ana fama da ƙarancin littattafai da malamai a wannan fanni. To dai a karon farko yanzu an samu littattafna farko na darasin addinin na musulunci a kasuwanni. To shirin mu kewaya Turai na wannan mako zai duba irin ci-gaban da aka samu ne a wannan fanni.
Tun shekarau tara da suka wuce aka fara koyar da darussan addinin Musulunci a wasu jihohin tarayyar Jamus a wani mataki na gwaji. Daga ɓangarori da dama an yi nuna fatan faɗaɗa darussan addinin Islama a cikin manhajar makarantu, kuma bisa ga dukkan alamu yanzu wannan fata ya kusan tabbata. Kafin haka ana buƙatar isassun littattafai da kuma malaman da aka horas da su a nan Jamus waɗanda za su tafiyar da wannan aiki. A wani abin da ke zama ci-gaba a cikin watan Agusta za a fara sayar da littattafan darussan addinin Islama cikin harshen Jamusanci waɗanda za a yi amfani da su a makarantun jihohi aƙalla huɗu na ƙasar.
Lamya Kaddor ´yar shekaru 30 malamar koyar da darussan addinin musulunci ce kuma ta na daga cikin mawallafan littafin mai suna Saphir ga ´ya´yan musulmi maza da mata. Tun a shekara ta 2004 take koyar da darussan musulunci. A baya bayan nan ta karantar a matsayin mataimakiyar farfesa a sashen addinin Islama na farko a jami´ar garin Münster. Ga masaniyar kimiyar islama ´yar asalin ƙasar Syria wannan littafi ba kawai wani taimako ga malamai ba a´a wani mataki ne na kyakkyawar fahimtar addinin Islama.
1. Kaddor:
“Ina ganin wannan littafi zai kawo jerin canje canje. Wataƙila ba ga manhajar koyarwan ba, amma zai taimaka wajen canza salon tunanin yadda ake ɗaukar batutuwan da suka shafi addinin. Manufar littafin guda ɗaya ce wato yin bayani dalla-dalla game da addinin musulunci a matsayin addinin dake maraba da kowa da kowa.”
Manhajar addinin musulunci ya tanadi bawa ´yan makaranta darasin addinin a bayyane da kuma yadda musulmi ke bin dokokin addini a aikace a nan Jamus. Saɓanin darussan addinin Kirista, darussan musulunci zai yiwa yara bayani game da addinin amma ba ƙoƙarin musuluntar da su ba. Muhimman batutuwan da littafin ya fi mayar da hankalin kansu su ne Al-Qur´ani mai girma da rayuwar Annabi Mohammed SAW da Sallah musamman daidai da salon rayuwar yaran makaranta. Ga Lamya Kaddor dai wannan littafin makaranta zai kasance mai muhimmanci ga zamantakewa.
“Ko shakka babu wannan littafin na matsayin gagarumin ci-gaba musamman a batutuwan da suka shafi musulunci da shawarwarin da ake yi da musulmi da kuma shigar da darasin addinin a manhajar makarantu. Samun wannan littafi zai sa jama´a sun san cewa ana ci-gaba da ƙoƙarin samarwa musulunci wani kyakkyawan matsayi a cikin Jamus sannan watan wata rana darasin addinin musulunci zai dawwama. “
Bernd Ridwan Baknecht malamin addinin musulunci ne kuma tun shekaru hudu da suka gabata ya ke koyarwa a makarantu da dama a jihar North Rhein Westfalia. Yana ɗaya daga cikin mawallafa da suka ba da gudunmawa wajen rubuta littafin. A shekarar karatu mai zuwa littafin addinin zai sauƙaƙa masa aikin sa.
“Ko da yake tsarin koyarwa ya riga ya ba mu wata kyakkyawar alƙibla da muke bi, amma ba mu da isassun kayan aiki. Hakan dai babbar matsala ce kuma wani ƙarin aiki ne gare mu. A shekarar karatu ta farko dole sai malami ya shafe duk tsawon ƙarshen mako yana aiki domin tsara yadda zai koyar.”
Duk da ƙarin aikin da ke kansu, da yawa daga cikin malaman addinin musulunci a Jamus ba sa samun albashi mai yawa kamar sauran takwarorinsu malamai. Domin a matsayinsu na masu digiri na biyu a fannin kimiyar addinin musulunci, darajarsu ba ta kai sauran malamai ba, wato abin nufi ba a amince da shahada matsayin babbar shahadar cin jarrabawa ta ƙasa ba, saboda haka ake ba mai riƙe da irin wannan shahada wani albashi da bai kai ya kawo ba.
“Ba na samun ƙarin albashi ko ƙarin hutu wanda zai ba ni damar tsara wasu abubuwa na musamman. Wannan wani ƙarin aiki ne a kai na, musamman bisa la´akari da cewa a matsayin malaman addinin musulunci muna kuma tafiyar da wani aikin tarbiyartarwa kamar iyayen yara.”
A halin da ake ciki malamai kimanin 120 ne ke koyarda darussan Islama a Jamus, kashi 80 cikin 100 daga cikinsu a jihar North Rhein Westfalia kaɗai. Yanzu haka dai buƙatar neman ƙwararrun malamai ta ninka har sau huɗu. Ko da yake a halin yanzu jami´o´in garuruwan Münster da Erlangen da kuma Osnabrück sun buɗe sassan horon malaman Islama amma mastalar da ke akwai ita ce za a ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo kafin ɗaliban farko sun sauke karatu.
“daga cikin yaran makaranta musulmi kimanin dubu 100 a jihar North Rhein Westfalia, tsakanin dubu biyar zuwa dubu tara ne ke cin gajiyar darussan addinin Musulunci. Wato kwatankwacin kashi biyar zuwa bakwai cikin 100 na ilahirin ´yan makaranta a jihar. Wannan adadi ya yi kaɗan ƙwarai da gaske. Yanzu a wannan jihar kaɗai ana buƙatar malamai dubu 1 da 240.”
´Yan siyasa musamman na fannin ilimi waɗanda ba sa son a sakarwa masallatai kaɗai alhakin renon yaran musulmi, suna fuskantar wata matsala da ta samo asali cikin gida wato yadda za a samu yawan malaman da ake buƙata. Ya zuwa yanzu kashi 2.3 cikin 100 na yaran musulmi ne ke cin jarrabar shiga jami´a. Tun wasu shekaru ƙalilan da suka wuce ake horas da malaman Islama a Jamus kuma hakan ya banbanta daga jiha zuwa jiha a tarayyar ta Jamus. Yayin da a jihar North Rhein Westaflia alal misali masu magana da harshen Jamusanci ke iya samun horon zama malaman makarantun Islama amma a faɗin Jamus gaba ɗaya jami´o´i guda uku ne kaɗai suke da sashen horon malaman na bai ɗaya.
“Yanzu ana cikin matakin ba da digiri na biyu musamman a jami´o´in garuruwan Münster, Erlangen da kuma Osnabrück. Wato ɗalibai da suka fara samun horo a sashen horon malamai na jami´o´i su na iya neman ƙarin ilimi na shekaru biyu ko uku a fannin addinin Musulunci.”
Za a ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo kafin a cike dukkan giɓin a fannin koyar da darussan musulunci. Domin a jami´ar Münster inda a shekara ta 2004 aka buɗe sashen farko na addinin musulunci har yanzu ba bu ɗalibi ko da guda ɗaya da ya sauke karatunsa. To amma a dangane da kayan koyarwa ana iya cewa an samu wani ci gaba musamman dangane da littafin koyarwa na Saphir da za a fara amfani da shi a cikin watan Agusta.
Kwanan wata 15.07.2008
Mawallafi Hummel, Ulrike
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