Sakonnin Masu Karatu (2017) (17) | TASKAR BABAN SADIK
October 19, 2017 Baban Sadik 0 Comments Dandalin Abota, Facebook
A yau ma kamar sauran makonnin baya, ga ci gaban sakonninku ta hanyar Tes. Da zarar mun gama da wannan zango, zamu dakata da amsa sakonnin masu karatu mu ci gaba da darussanmu kamar yadda muka saba. Ina yi wa masu karatu fatan alheri a dukkan lokutan.
Assalamu alaikum Baban Sadik, Allah kara basira. Don Allah a taimaka mini. Ina mu’amala da shafin Facebook tsawon lokaci, amma cikin ‘yan kwanakin nan idan nazo hawa don aika rubutu ko yin ta’aliki kan rubutun wasu, sai a ce mini: “You are not Logged in. Log in and try again.” Idan na sake komawa na yi kokarin hawa, sai a sake ce mini in sake. Yaya zan yi? – 07030096382
Wa alaikumus salam, barka dai. Ina godiya da addu’o’inku. Abin da wannan ke nunawa shi ne, lambar IP (IP Address) din da wayarka ke amfani dasu wajen hawa Facebook ne suke canzawa a duk sadda kazo hawa shafinka. Ko yayin da kake kan shafinka a Facebook. Wannan ke sa manhajar Facebook kwamfutocin Facebook ke kasa tantanceka, sanadiyyar haka sai su jefo ka waje, nan take. Ga yadda tsarin yake.
Saboda kokarin samar da kariya ga bayanan jama’a masu shafuka a Dandalin, hukumar Facebook ta sanya wani tsari na tantance na’urorin sadarwa (Authentication facility) dake iya karba da kuma taskance lambar adireshin wayarka ko kwamfutarka a sadda ka fara hawa Facebook a karo na farko. Wadannan lambobi ba wai lambar wayarka ta salula bane, a a, wasu lambobi ne dake wakiltar wayarka da ake kira: “Internet Protocol Address” ko “IP Address” a takaice. Lambobi ne a rukunin lamba hudu. Misali: 196.168.80.12, ko wani abu makamancin haka.
Su na’urorin sadarwa na zamani (Kwamfuta, da Wayar Salula, da iPad da sauransu) suna da hanyoyin da suke mu’amala da juna a duk sadda suka tashi aiwatar da sadarwa na karba ko mika bayanai. Kafin aiwatar da wannan sadarwa, ko kowace na’ura ta tantance ‘yar uwarta, ma’ana ta santa, ta kuma gane ta, kafin sadarwa ya yiwu a tsakaninsu. Ta yaya suke gane juna? Hakan na faruwa ne ta hanyar wadancan lambobi dake wakiltar kowace waya, wato: IP Address. Sai dai kasancewar galibinmu muna mu’amala da shafukan Facebook (ko ma Intanet gaba daya ne) ta hanyar kamfanonin sadarwar wayar salula dake kasashenmu, wannan yasa da zarar kayi kokarin hawa shafinka, wayarka zata mika sakon bukatarka ne ga kwamfutocin kamfanin wayarka (MTN, ko GLO, ko Airtel, ko 9Mobile). Daga nan ne kwamfutocin za su lika wa wayarka wadannan lambobi, wadanda kwamfutocin kamfanin Facebook za su gani a matsayin wayar salularka.
Daga nan za a taskance wadannan lambobi dake wakiltar wayarka. A duk sadda ka sake dawowa don hawa shafinka, manhajar Facebook za ta duba lambar dake wakilatar wayarka don tabbatar da cewa kai ne. Idan ta hada lambar IP din wayarka a yanzu da wanda ta taskance sadda a lokacin da kayi rajista a farkon shiganka, ta kuma ga cewa sun dace, to, sai a baka damar hawa shafinka kai tsaye. Amma idan ta ga ba iri daya bane, sai ta dauka ko sace wayarka aka yi zuwa wani bigire, sai a hana ka shiga shafin. Wannan na faruwa ne ta hadin gwiwa da wata manhaja dake iya taskance bigire ko nahiyar da kake a duniya. Wanann ta bangaren kwamfutocin kamfanin Facebook kenan.
To yanzu mu dawo bangaren kamfanin wayarka, da yadda suke lika wa wayarka lambar IP (IP Address). Akwai fuska biyu ta wannan bangare. Bangaren farko shi ne, kwamfutocin kan lika wa wayarka lamba daya, daga nan ba za ta kara ba. A duk sadda kazoo hawa Intanet ko shafinka a Facebook, da wannan lambar za ta rika amfani; ba canji. Wannan tsari shi ake kira: “Static Addressing.” An kira wannan tsari da suna: “Static” ne, saboda ba ya canzawa. Da wannan tsarin, baza ka taba samun matsala da kwamfutocin Facebook ba, saboda a kullum kazo hawa shafinka, wancan lambar ta farko da suka taskance za su rika gani.
Tsari na biyu shi ne: “Dynamic Addressing.” Wannan shi ne tsarin dake canza wa wayarka lamba ko adireshi a duk sadda ka tashi hawa shafin. Don haka, idan yau kayi rajista da shafin Facebook, aka taskance lambar da wayarka ta hau shafin dashi, gobe idan kazo ka hau, a kowane lokaci kamfanin wayarka zai iya canza lambobin adireshin (IP Address). Sai ya zama adireshinka ya canza kenan a yayin da kake kan shafinka. Canzawar adireshin wayarka yayin da kake kan shafin, a tunanin Manhajar Facebook, alamar tuhuma ce. Wannan ke nuna cewa a farko kamar ka boye zatinka ne saboda kana son yin wata tabargaza. Nan take sai su jefo ka waje, kamar yadda kayi bayani. Tunda a farko idan ka shigar da suna da kalmar sirrinka ana baka daman hawa, amma daga baya kuma kwatsam sai ka ji ka a waje.
Wadannan hanyoyin lika adireshi guda biyu (“Static Addressing” da “Dynamic Addressing”), su ne ake amfani dasu a duniya don karban bayanai ko mika su, tsakanin na’urorin sadarwa. Wasu kamfanoni kan yi amfani da tsarin da ba ya canzawa, wato: “Static Addressing”, wasu kuma kan yi amfani ne da wanda ke canzawa, wato: “Dynamic Addressing.” Masu amfani da tsarin da ke canzawa kan yi hakan ne saboda tsaro. Misali, galibin kamfanonin sadarwar Intanet na duniya, wato: “Internet Service Providers” (ISPs) irin su: “GoDaddy” da sauran makamantansu, suna amfani da wannan tsari don dalilai na tsaro.
Don haka, abin da za ka yi shi ne, kayi kokari ka tantance kanka a shafinka na Facebook, ta hanyar cike bayanan da suka shafeka. Ya zama akwai cikakken adireshi a “Profile” dinka, akwai lambar waya da adireshin Imel, kuma akwai suna cikakke, ba wai lakabi kadai ba, kuma ya zama wadanda kake abota dasu galibi duk ka sansu ko ka san abokansu. Bayan haka, ka daina amfani da wayoyin salula barkatai wajen hawa shafinka na Facebook. Hakan na dada samar maka da tuhuma ne, musamman idan ba a wuri daya kake hakan ba. Sannan a duk sadda kazo hawa shafinka bayan ka shigar da suna da kalmar sirrinka, ka rika lura; idan akwai wani sako na tambaya ko neman karin bayani da Facebook suka turo maka, ka rika karantawa tare da bayar da bayanan da ake bukata daga gare ka.
Domin wasu lokuta za su ga tsarin mu’amalarka a shafinka na Facebook ya canza, ko inda kake mu’amala da Facebook, wato bigiren da kake hawa, ya canza. Misali, watakila a Kofar Na’isa Kake a Kano. Idan kayi watanni ko ma shekara kana zaune a wannan mahalli, kuma daga nan kake mu’amala da Facebook a kullum, ta wayarka ko kwamfutarka, hukumar Facebook za su dauka cewa dan birnin Kano ne kai, kuma duk don sun lura kana hawa shafinka daga Unguwanni irin su: Sharada, ko Rimin Kebe, ko Hotoro, ko Birget misali, ba za su damu ba. Amma idan aka ga kwatsam ka hau shafinka daga wurare irin su Legas, ko Abuja, ko Kogi, ko jihar Nassarawa, to, nan take za a dauka ko wani ne ke kokarin shafinka daga wancan wuri, ba kai bane.
Hakan zai sa su maka dayan abu biyu; ko dai su toshe shafin, har sai ka tantance kanka, ta hanyar aiwatar da wasu ayyuka da suka shafi nuna abokanka ko makamancin haka. Ko kuma su ce maka: “Mun lura ka hau shafinka daga wani bigire da bamu saba ganin kana hawa ba. Shin, kai ne? In eh, to ba damuwa. Amma idan ba kai bane, to, maza ka latsa alamar dake kasa don canza kalmar sirrinka da bibiyar hanyoyin tsaren shafinka, cikin gaggawa.” Za su aiko maka wannan sako ne ta adireshinka na Imel, idan kana dashi. Idan kace musu eh, kaine, sai su taskance adireshin wadannan wurare a cikin kwamfutarsu. Wannan zai sa a duk sadda ka sake hawa a wannan yanayi, su gane ka, sannan su baka dama, ba tare da wata tuhuma ba. Don haka a sai a kiyaye. Allah sa a dace, kuma da fatan ka gamsu.
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