A.P.J. Abdul Kalam - Wikipedia
ga Yuli, 25, 2002 - ga Yuli, 25, 2007
← K. R. Narayanan - Pratibha Patil →
Rameswaram taluk da Dhanushkodi , Oktoba 15, 1931
Shillong , ga Yuli, 27, 2015
natural causes (cardiac arrest )
aerospace engineer , injiniya, ɗan siyasa, Teacher , mawaƙi da scientist
Padma Vibhushan in science & engineering (1990)
Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam (Tamil அவுல் பகீர் ஜைனுலாப்தீன் அப்துல் கலாம்), 15 ga Oktoba 1931 – 27 ga Yuli 2015) masanin kimiyyar jiragen sararin samaniya ne wanda ya zama shugaban kasar Indiya tsakanin 2002-2007. An haifeshi kuma ya girma a kauyen Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu kuma ya karanci ilimin kimiyyar kere-kere da ilimin gyara tauraron dan'adam. Ya kuma sha rike mukamai na maigudanarwa a ma'aikatun kimiyya da fasahar kere-kere, mafiya yawanci a Cibiyoyin hukumomin tsaro na kasar Indiya.[1] A sakamakon aikin da yayi a fannin kere-kere ne yasa ake kiran sa da Harsahin Indiya.[2][3][4] Ya kuma bayar da gudunmuwa wajen samar da Nukiliyan Kasar Indiya wato Pokhran-II a 1998, karo na farko tun bayn wanda akayi a 1974.[5]
An zabi Kalam a matsayin shugaban kasar India a 2002 bisa ga goyon bayan jam'iyyar Bharatiya Janata Party mai mulki, da kuma jam'iyyarIndian National Congress mai adawa. Gabadaya anfi sanin sa da Shugaban Al'uma.[6] banyan kammala zango daya kacal na mulkin sa ne sai ya dawo kan rayuwar sa ta baya wato rayuwa irin ta farar hula Rubuce-rubuce da al'amura na harkokin jama'a. Ya samu lambobin yabo da kyaututtuka da dama wadda ta hada da babbar lambar girmamawa ta kasar Indiya wato kyautar Bharat Ratna. Kalam ya rasu ranar 27 ga Yuli 2015 yayin da yake gabatar da jawabi a makarantar Indian Institute of Management Shillong, inda nan take ya fadi kasa, ya rasu yana da shekaru 83.[7] Dubban mutane ne cikin harda jami'n Gwamnatin kasar Indiya suka halarci jana'izar sa da akayi a kayen su na Rameshwaram, inda aka binne shi cikin girmamawa.[8]
↑ Pruthi, R. K. (2005). "Ch. 4. Missile Man of India". President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam. Anmol Publications. pp. 61–76. ISBN 978-81-261-1344-6.
↑ "India's 'Mr. Missile': A man of the people". 30 July 2015. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 30 July 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ "Kalam's unrealised 'Nag' missile dream to become reality next year". 30 July 2015. Archived from the original on 3 January 2017. Retrieved 30 July 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Sen, Amar (2003). "India and the Bomb". In M. V. Ramana; C. Rammanohar Reddy. Prisoners of the Nuclear Dream. Sangam Books. pp. 167–188. ISBN 978-81-250-2477-4.
↑ Amarnath k Menon (28 July 2015). "Why Abdul Kalam was the 'People's President'". DailyO.in. DailyO. Archived from the original on 13 August 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Rishi Iyengar (28 July 2015). "India Pays Tribute to 'People's President' A.P.J. Abdul Kalam". Time Inc. Archived from the original on 31 July 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
↑ Neha Singh (30 July 2015). "'People's President' APJ Abdul Kalam Buried with Full State Honours in Rameswaram". International Business Times. IANS. Archived from the original on 19 August 2015. Retrieved 20 August 2015. Unknown parameter |url-status= ignored (help)
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