Bit By Bit - Ethics - 6.4 Four ka'idodin
Four ka'idodin da za a iya shiryar da masu bincike ta da'a rashin tabbas ne: Mutunta mutane, karimci, Justice, kuma Mutunta Attaura da Public Interest.
Matsalolin da'awar da masu bincike ke fuskanta a cikin shekarun dijital sun bambanta da wadanda suka gabata. Duk da haka, masu bincike zasu iya magance waɗannan kalubalen ta hanyar gina halayyar kirkirar da ta gabata. Musamman, na yi imanin cewa ka'idodin da aka bayyana a cikin rahotanni guda biyu-rahoton Belmont (Belmont Report 1979) da kuma Menlo Report (Dittrich, Kenneally, and others 2011) -Sai zai taimaka wa masu bincike su damu game da matsalolin da suke fuskanta. Kamar yadda na bayyana a cikin dalla-dalla a cikin tarihin tarihin wannan shafi, duka wadannan rahotanni sune sakamakon shekaru masu yawa na tattaunawa ta hanyar bangarori na masana da dama dama don shigarwa daga wasu masu ruwa da tsaki.
Na farko, a shekara ta 1974, sakamakon amsawar da masu bincike suka yi-irin su Nazari na Syphilis wanda ya san kusan mutane 400 ne suka yaudare su ta hanyar yaudarar su kuma sun ki amincewa da maganin lafiya har kusan shekaru 40 (duba rubutun tarihi) -Mungiyar Amurka ta kafa kwamiti na kasa don samar da jagorancin ka'idoji don bincike da ke tattare da shaidun mutane. Bayan shekaru hudu na taro a Cibiyar Taro na Belmont, kungiyar ta samar da rahoton Belmont , wani sashe mai karfi amma mai karfi. Binciken Belmont shine ƙwarewar ka'idojin Dokar Kasuwanci , ka'idar da ke kula da binciken ɗan adam wanda ake amfani da IRBs tare da tilasta (Porter and Koski 2008) .
Bayan haka, a cikin shekara ta 2010, saboda amsawar rashin daidaito na masu bincike na kwamfuta da kuma wahalar yin amfani da ra'ayoyin a cikin rahoton Belmont zuwa binciken bincike na dijital, Gwamnatin Amurka-musamman Ma'aikatar Harkokin Tsaro ta gida - ta kafa kwamitin zane-zane mai suna blue-ribbon samar da tsarin jagoranci don gudanar da binciken da ke tattare da fasahar sadarwa da sadarwa (ICT). Sakamakon wannan kokarin shi ne rahoton Menlo (Dittrich, Kenneally, and others 2011) .
Tare, rahoton Belmont da rahoton Menlo sun ba da ka'idodin guda huɗu waɗanda zasu iya jagorantar dabarun masu bincike: Mutunta Mutum , Jinƙai , Adalci , da Mutunta Dokar da Sha'anin Jama'a . Yin amfani da waɗannan ka'idodin guda hudu a aikace ba koyaushe ba ne, kuma yana iya buƙatar daidaitarwa. Ka'idodin, duk da haka, taimakawa wajen bayyana cinikayya, bayar da shawarar ingantawa ga bincike-bincike, da kuma taimaka wa masu bincike su bayyana ra'ayinsu ga juna da jama'a.