Ta’aziyyar Robert Mugabe Rayuwa da mulkin tsohon Shugaban Zimbabwe - Aminiya
Ta’aziyyar Robert Mugabe Rayuwa da mulkin tsohon Shugaban Zimbabwe
Marigayi Robert Mugabe a wani asibiti a qasar Singapore, yayin da yake jinya
Aranar Juma’ar da ta gabata ce tsohon Shugaban Zimbabwe Mista Robert Mugabe ya rasu. Tsohon Shugaban wanda tambarinsa ya yi amo an haife shi ne a kasar da a baya ake kira da Rhodesia a ranar 21 ga watan Fabrairun 1924. Mahaifinsa kafinta ne daga kabilar Shona. Ya yi karatunsa a makarantun Mishan na Roman Katolika, ya kuma samu damar zama malamin makaranta.
Ya samu damar kara karatu a Jami’ar Fort Hare da ke Afirka ta Kudu; inda ya yi digirinsa har bakwai kafin ya koyar a kasar Ghana, inda ya taso da akidar son fitaccen Shugaban Ghana, Kwame Nkrumah. Matarsa ta farko ’yar kasar Ghana ce.
A 1960, Mugabe ya koma kasarsa Rhodesia, da farko ya yi aiki da Jam’iyyar African Nationalist tare da Joshua Nkomo, kafin ya balle ya kirkiri tasa jam’iyyar ta Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU).
An kama Mugabe a 1964, bayan da ya yi wani jawabi inda ya kira Firayi Ministan Rhodesia na wancan lokaci da yaransa da sunan “Cowboys,” an tsare shi ba tare da yi masa shari’a ba tsawon shekara 10. Dansa, dan jariri ya rauu a lokacin da yake tsare a gidan yari kuma an hana shi halartar jana’izar. Ko a 1973 da yake tsare, an zabe shi Shugaban Jam’iyyar ZANU.
Bayan an sake shi ya gudu kasar Mozambikue, inda ya rika ba da umarnin kai hare-haren sari-ka-noke a kasarsa.
Marigayi Robert Mugabe da matarsa Grace
Jam’iyyar ZANU ta hada kai da Jami’iyyar ZAPU
Jam’iyyarsa ta ZANU ta hada kai da Jam’iyyar African People’s Union (ZAPU) ta Nkomo. Kuma a yayin tattaunawar neman ’yancin kan Rhodesia mai sarkakiya, an yi wa Mugabe kallon shugaban bakake fata mafi tayar da jijiyar wuya, wanda kuma ba ya sassautawa a kan bukatun da ya gabatar.
A wata ziyara da ya kai Landan a 1976, ya a ce hanya daya kacal ta warware matsalar Rhodesia ita ce ta yin amfani da bakin bindiga.
Kwarewarsa ta fuskar sasantawa ta samar masa da kima a idon masu sukarsa. ’Yan jarida na yi masa kirari da ‘mai zurfin tunani’. Yarjejeniyar Lancaster a 1979 wadda ta samar da kundin tsarin mulki ga sabuwar kasar Zimbabwe a matsayin Jamhuriya, aka kuma tsayar da 1980 don gudanar da zaben farko da ya bai wa bakake masu rinjiye dama. Bayan fafatawa a zaben, Mugabe ya samu gagarumar nasara, nasarar da ta ba da mamaki. A matsayinsa na mai bayyana kansa na mai bin akidar gurguzu, nasarar Mugabe ta sanya fararen fatar Rhodesia kokarin barin kasar, yayin da magoya bayansa suka rika rawa a tituna don nuna farin cikinsu.
Kalaman da ya yi a farko ya tabbatar wa da ’yan hamayya zai gudanar da gwamnati wadda babu tsangwama babu bi-ta-da-kulli; sa’annan babu kwace kadarorin ’yan kasa. Daga baya kuma ya fitar da manufofinsa na bunkasa tattalin arziki, wadanda suka kunshi kamfanoni masu zaman kansu da kamfanonin gwamnati. Mugabe ya kuma kaddamar da gagarumin shirin kyautata bangaren kiwon lafiya da inganta ilimi ga bakake ’yan kasar Zambabwe wadanda Turawan mulkin mallaka suka danne.
Tsamin dangantaka tsakanin Firayi Minista Nkomo da Mugabe ta yi kamari, saboda yadda Firayi Ministan ke nuna son jam’iyya daya ta yi kane-kane a mulkin kasar. Bayan an gano wasu tarin makamai mallakin Jam’iyyar ZANU; sai aka yi wasu sauye-sauye a Majalisar Ministoci inda aka kori Firayi Minista Nkomo. Yayin da yake ikirarin inganta dimokuradiyya, sannu a hankali ya rika kawar da ’yan hamayya. A tsakiyar 1980 aka kashe dubban ’yan kabilar Ndebele wadanda magoya bayan Nkomo ne a yankin Matabele Land.
Kwace dukiyoyi
An zargi Mugabe da bai wa sojojin umarnin aikata kisan kiyashi, amma aka kau da ido ba a hukunta su ba. Bayan kawar da ofisihin Firayi Minista, Mugabe ya zama Shugaban Kasa a 1987, inda aka zabe shi a zango na uku a 1996.
A shekarar ce kuma ya auri matarsa ta biyu Grace Marufu, bayan da matarsa ta farko ta rasu sanadiyar cutar daji, Mugabe ya haifi ‘ya’ya da Grace. Dansa na farko yana da shekara 40, yayin da na ukun aka haife shi lokacin Shugaba Mugabe yana da shekara 73.
Magoya bayan Jam’iyyar ZANU-PF sun mamaye gonaki
Ya samu nasarar kawar da nuna wariyar launin fata, amma a 1992 aka samar da dokar mallakar fili, wadda ta bada damar kwace filaye ba tare da daukaka kara ba. Manufar ita ce sake raba filayen noma ga manoma fararen fata 4,500 wadanda suka mallaki mafi yawan gonaki masu kyau.
A farkon shekarar 2000 lokacin da mulkin Shugaba Mugabe ke fuskantar barazana daga gamayyar jam’iyyar neman sauyi da Morgan Tsbangirai, Mugabe ya kawar da manoman da suke nuna goyon bayansu ga yunkurin kawar da shi.Magoya bayan Mugabe wadanda ake kira Mayaka sun mamaye gonakin fararen fata, sa’annan aka kashe ma’aikata bakaken fata.
An haife shi a 1924:
A 1964 Gwamnatin Rhodesia ta daure shi
A 1980 Ya lashe zaben da aka yi bayan ’yancin kai
A 1996: Ya auri Grace Marufu
A shekara 2000, bai yi nasara a zaben raba-gardamr da aka yi na karfin ikon Shugaban Kasa da hana Turawa mallakar gonaki ba.
A shekarar 2008, ya zo na biyu a zagayen farko na zaben da suka fafata da Tsbangirai, wanda ya janye saboda harin da aka kai kan magoya bayansa
A shekarar 2009, ya rantsar da Tsbangirai a matsayin Firayi Minista lokacin da ake fuskantar durkushewar tattalin arziki a kasar
A 2016, an gabatar da takardun lamuni a yayin da karancin takardun kudi ya yi tsanani
A 2017, ya kori mataimakinsa da ya dade suna aiki tare wato Emmerson Mnangagwa
A 2017, aka hambarar da gwamnatin Mugabe, a Nuwamban 2017 bayan da sojoji sun mamaye muhimman wuraren gwamnatin kasar da maraicen 14 ga Nuwamba; sa’annan Mugabe ya mika takardar adabo da shugabancin kasar a ranar 21 ga Nuwamba
Wani sakon diflomasiyya na Amurka a shekarar 2011, da shafin kwarmata bayanai na Wikileaks ya fitar ya nuna cewa Mugabe na fama da cutar daji. Sai dai an kwantar da shi a wani asibitin kasar Singapore, a watan Afrilun bana don jinyar wata cutar da ba a bayyana ba. Ya rasu ne a Singaporen a ranar 6 ga Satumban da muke ciki, yana da shekara 95.
Rahoto daga BBC.
Takaddama kan inda za a bisne Mugabe
Rahotanni sun ce iyalan Mista Mugabe sun ce, marigayin ya bar wasiyyar kada a binne shi a makabartar kasar wacce aka tanada domin gwarazan kasar, (National Heroes Acre). Kamfanin Dillancin Labarai nn Reuters ya ruwaito iyalan Mista Mugaben na kiran a a bisne shi a kauyensa.
Sai dai wata sanarwa da hukumomin kasar suka fitar, a cewar Reuters, ta ce gobe Asabar za a yi jana’izar Mugabe, ko da yake, ba ta ambaci inda za a binne shi ba.
Sai dai gwamnatin kasar ta musanta rade-radin da ake yi cewa an samu baraka tsakaninta da iyalan Mugabe kan inda za a yi bison, amma ta ce, a nata tunanin, a wannan makabarta ya kamata a binne shi. Wasu rahotanni da ba a tabbata ba zuwa hada wannan rahoto sun ce mai yiwuwa jana’izar ba ta gudana a gobe ba, inda ake rade-radin an dage ta sai abin da hali ya yi.