Use of the stages of change model in improving nutrition and exercise habits in enlisted Air Force men. Use of the Food Guide Pyramid and US Dietary Guidelines to improve dietary intake and reduce cardiovascular risk in active-duty Air Force members. Effects of workplace-based dietary and/or physical activity interventions for weight management targeting healthcare professionals: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials Dissemination of the Look AHEAD intensive lifestyle intervention in the United States Air Force: study rationale, design and methods. The Feasibility of an E-mail–Delivered Intervention to Improve Nutrition and Physical Activity Behaviors in African American College Students Effectiveness of a Worksite Intervention for Male Construction Workers on Dietary and Physical Activity Behaviors, Body Mass Index, and Health Outcomes: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluation of an 8-week mailed healthy-weight intervention. A population-based lifestyle intervention to promote healthy weight and physical activity in people with cardiac disease: The PANACHE (Physical Activity, Nutrition And Cardiac HEalth) study protocol Effectiveness of a Web- and Mobile Phone-Based Intervention to Promote Physical Activity and Healthy Eating in Middle-Aged Males: Randomized Controlled Trial of the ManUp Study CD-ROM nutrient analysis database assists self-monitoring behavior of active duty Air Force personnel receiving nutrition counseling for weight loss. Taking control of your personal eating and exercise environment: a weight maintenance program. Sustainability of a physical activity and nutrition program for seniors Impact of a nutrition and physical activity intervention (ENRICH: Exercise and Nutrition Routine Improving Cancer Health) on health behaviors of cancer survivors and carers: a pragmatic randomized controlled trial The impact of a shipboard weight control program. Effectiveness of a website and mobile phone based physical activity and nutrition intervention for middle-aged males: Trial protocol and baseline findings of the ManUp Study Effectiveness of a motivational interviewing intervention on weight loss, physical activity and cardiovascular disease risk factors: a randomised controlled trial with a 12-month post-intervention follow-up A Web-based self-management exercise and diet intervention for breast cancer survivors: pilot randomized controlled trial.
Thirty-nine U.S. Air Force enlisted men participated in a r and omized controlled study that evaluated an experimental program design ed to enhance fitness . Subjects were assigned to either a treatment ( access to the program ) or control ( no access to program ) group for 6 months . To improve treatment group fitness ( as measured by VO2 , subjects received individually tailored information ( based on a behavior change model ) via the Internet to encourage adoption of positive diet and exercise behaviors . Results showed no significant effect in improving fitness in treatment . However , significant effects were observed for secondary outcomes such as weight ( controls , + 1.0 kg vs. treatment , -2.2 kg , p < 0.05 ) , body mass index ( + 0.3 kg/m2 vs. -0.7 kg/m2 , p < 0.05 ) , and percent body fat ( + 0.6 % vs. -1.5 % , p < 0.001 ) . The data suggest that the individually tailored exercise information was not effective in encouraging sufficient exercise intensity to impact fitness . However , the dietary tailored information appears to have encouraged the adoption of more positive nutritional practice s as demonstrated by the beneficial effects reflected in secondary outcomes OBJECTIVE To determine whether adoption of dietary patterns consistent with the US Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Food Guide Pyramid , combined with exercise training , result in significant reductions in cardiovascular risk compared with a regimen of exercise therapy alone . DESIGN A r and omized trial to compare the effects of exercise alone ( n = 17 ) with the effects of exercise and dietary intervention ( n = 15 ) . SETTING McClellan Air Force Base medical clinic ( Sacramento , Calif ) . SUBJECTS Thirty-two members of the Air Force ( 20 men and 12 women ) were recruited at the time they entered a 90-day fitness improvement program . Mean age was 32 years . INTERVENTION All subjects participated in a 90-day fitness program . Half of the group received individualized dietary counseling using the Food Guide Pyramid as a primary educational tool . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in body mass index , plasma lipids and lipoprotein levels , aerobic capacity , and dietary intake were selected to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention . STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Outcome measures were evaluated by analysis of variance . A paired t test was performed to compare changes in food-group servings and food-group fat intake from baseline values for the exercise-plus-diet group . RESULTS Percentage of energy from fat decreased from 39 % to 23 % for the exercise-plus-diet group , and servings from each of the food groups changed to reflect current guidelines . This group also had significant reductions in body mass index , total cholesterol level , and low-density lipoprotein level : 2 % ( P = .0001 ) , 9 % ( P = .003 ) , and 13 % ( P = .005 ) , respectively . No change was observed for the exercise-only group . Additionally , a significant improvement in maximum oxygen consumption ( P = .01 ) of 38 % ( vs 14 % for the control group ) was achieved . CONCLUSIONS Dietary modification in accordance with the Food Guide Pyramid and the US Dietary Guidelines results in significant reductions in known cardiovascular risk factors and improves the response to exercise training Background The prevalence of overweight and obesity is high amongst healthcare professionals and there is growing interest in delivering weight loss interventions in the workplace . We conducted a systematic review to ( i ) examine the effectiveness of workplace-based diet and /or physical activity interventions aim ed at healthcare professionals and to ( ii ) identify and describe key components of effective interventions . Seven electronic data bases were systematic ally search ed . Results Thirteen r and omised controlled trials met the inclusion criteria , of which seven had data available for meta- analysis . Where meta- analysis was possible , studies were grouped according to length of follow-up ( < 12 months and ≥12 months ) and behavioural target ( diet only , physical activity only or diet and physical activity ) , with outcome data pooled using a weighted r and om effects model . Nine studies reported statistically significant ( between-group ) differences . Four studies reported being informed by a behaviour change theory . Meta- analysis of all trials reporting weight data demonstrated healthcare professionals allocated to dietary and physical activity interventions lost significantly more body weight ( −3.95 Kg , [ 95 % CI −4.96 to- 2.95 Kg ] ) than controls up to 12 months follow up . Conclusions Workplace diet and /or physical activity interventions targeting healthcare professionals are limited in number and are heterogeneous . To improve the evidence base , we recommend additional evaluations of theory-based interventions and adequate reporting of intervention content BACKGROUND Despite an increase in overweight and obesity similar to the civilian population , there have been few r and omized controlled trials examining behavioral weight management interventions in the military setting s. PURPOSE This paper describes the design , intervention development and analysis plan of the Fit Blue study , a r and omized controlled behavioral weight loss trial taking place in the United States Air Force . DESIGN This study compares two adapted versions of the efficacious Look AHEAD Intensive Lifestyle Intervention ( ILI ) , a counselor-initiated condition and a self-paced condition . Also described are the unique steps required when conducting military-based health promotion research and adaptations made to the Look AHEAD intervention to accommo date the military environment . CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge , this is the first translation of the Look AHEAD ILI in the military setting and one of the first translations of the ILI in general . If successful , this intervention could be disseminated to the entire U.S. Military as this project is design ed to overcome the barriers and utilize the facilitators for weight loss that are unique to a military population . Programs vali date d in military population s can have a major public health impact given that with 1.4 million active duty personnel , the Department of Defense is the nation 's largest employer . However , while this intervention is design ed for a military population and there are unique aspects of the military that may enhance weight loss interventions , the diversity of the study population should help inform obesity efforts in both civilian and military setting Abstract Objectives : To evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of an e-mail – delivered program to promote nutrition and physical activity in African American college students . Participants : Forty-seven students ( 76 % female , aged 18–20 years ) . Methods : Students participated in a 24-week r and omized controlled trial , receiving either general health information or the intervention focused on diet and physical activity . Results : At baseline , 80.9 % and 76.0 % of participants reported interest in improving diet and physical activity , respectively . Participants evidence d poor nutrition behaviors and 46 % were overweight or obese . At 24 weeks , most participants ( 70 % control , 84 % intervention ) were “ somewhat ” or “ very ” satisfied with the program . The program was feasible to administrate , with the exception of measurement of physical activity using accelerometers . Conclusions : An innovative e-mail – delivered program promoting positive health behaviors appears to be feasible and acceptable in African American college students . Further research is needed to evaluate program efficacy in this population , including prevention of excess weight gain Purpose : To evaluate the effectiveness of an individually tailored intervention for improvement in lifestyle behavior , health indicators , and prevention and reduction of overweight among construction workers . Design : R and omized controlled trial . Setting : Various blue-collar departments of a large construction company in the Netherl and s. Participants : Blue-collar workers r and omized to an intervention ( n = 162 ) or a control group ( n = 152 ) . Intervention : The intervention group received individual coaching sessions , tailored information , and material s to improve lifestyle behavior during a 6-month period , and the control group received usual care . Measures : Body weight , body mass index ( BMI ) , waist circumference , physical activity ( PA ) levels , dietary behavior , blood pressure , and blood cholesterol were assessed . Analysis : Effectiveness of the intervention on outcome measures at 6- and 12-month follow-up was assessed by using linear and logistic regression models adjusting for baseline levels . Results : After 6 months , a statistically significant intervention effect was found on body weight ( B = −1.06 , P = .010 ) , BMI ( B = −0.32 , P = .010 ) , and waist circumference ( B = −1.38 , P = .032 ) . At 6 months , the percentage of those meeting public health guidelines for PA increased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group ( B = 2.06 , P = .032 ) , and for sugar-sweetened beverages , an intervention effect was found at 6 months as well ( B = −2.82 , P = .003 ) . At 12 months , for weight-related outcomes , these differences were slightly smaller and no longer statistically significant . The intervention was not effective on the total amount of moderate to vigorous PA and other dietary and health outcomes . Conclusion : Intervention participants showed positive changes in vigorous PA and intake of sugar-sweetened beverages compared to controls , as well as effects on weight-related outcomes at 6 months . Long-term effects were still promising but not statistically significant BACKGROUND This study investigated the impact of a low-intensity , healthy-weight intervention among adult volunteers in a low-income , inner-city neighborhood . The intervention , which comprised 18 pamphlets mailed to participants ' homes over 8 weeks , focused on increasing awareness of healthy weight ranges , increasing self-acceptance and satisfaction with weight , and improving eating habits , while downplaying dieting and weight loss . METHODS Subjects were recruited from households r and omly selected from residential telephone subscriber lists . The 188 volunteers ( 23.0 % of 816 persons contacted ) were r and omly assigned to intervention or control status . Psychosocial and behavioral measures were administered by telephone 1 week before and 2 weeks after the intervention . RESULTS After exposure to the pamphlets , intervention subjects were more likely than controls to know how to control their weight . They were more satisfied with their weight and less likely to report they were too heavy . They reported less high-fat/junk food consumption , more improvements in their eating habits , and more frequent exercise . CONCLUSION This inexpensive , low-intensity intervention was effective in supporting change processes among volunteers who wanted to learn about weight control , to improve eating habits , and to improve health Background Maintaining a healthy weight and undertaking regular physical activity are important for the secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) . However , many people with CVD are overweight and insufficiently active . In addition , in Australia only 20 - 30 % of people requiring cardiac rehabilitation ( CR ) for CVD actually attend . To improve outcomes of and access to CR the efficacy , effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of alternative approaches to CR need to be established . This research will determine the efficacy of a telephone-delivered lifestyle intervention , promoting healthy weight and physical activity , in people with CVD in urban and rural setting s. The control group will also act as a replication study of a previously proven physical activity intervention , to establish whether those findings can be repeated in different urban and rural locations . The cost-effectiveness and acceptability of the intervention to CR staff and participants will also be determined . Methods / Design This study is a r and omised controlled trial . People referred for CR at two urban and two rural Australian hospitals will be invited to participate . The intervention ( healthy weight ) group will participate in four telephone delivered behavioural coaching and goal setting sessions over eight weeks . The coaching sessions will be on weight , nutrition and physical activity and will be supported by written material s , a pedometer and two follow-up booster telephone calls . The control ( physical activity ) group will participate in a six week intervention previously shown to increase physical activity , consisting of two telephone delivered behavioural coaching and goal setting sessions on physical activity , supported by written material s , a pedometer and two booster phone calls . Data will be collected at baseline , eight weeks and eight months for the intervention group ( baseline , six weeks and six months for the control group ) . The primary outcome is weight change . Secondary outcomes include physical activity , sedentary time and nutrition habits . Costs will be compared with outcomes to determine the relative cost-effectiveness of the healthy weight and physical activity interventions . Discussion This study addresses a significant gap in public health practice by providing evidence for the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a low cost , low contact , high reach intervention promoting healthy weight and physical activity among people with CVD in rural and urban areas in Australia . The replication arm of the study , undertaken by the control group , will demonstrate whether the findings of the previously proven physical activity intervention can be generalised to new setting s. This population -based approach could potentially improve access to and outcomes of secondary prevention programs , particularly for rural or disadvantaged communities . Trial Registration Background The high number of adult males engaging in low levels of physical activity and poor dietary practice s , and the health risks posed by these behaviors , necessitate broad-reaching intervention strategies . Information technology (IT)-based ( Web and mobile phone ) interventions can be accessed by large numbers of people , yet there are few reported IT-based interventions targeting males ’ physical activity and dietary practice s. Objective This study examines the effectiveness of a 9-month IT-based intervention ( ManUp ) to improve the physical activity , dietary behaviors , and health literacy in middle-aged males compared to a print-based intervention . Methods Participants , recruited offline ( eg , newspaper ads ) , were r and omized into either an IT-based or print-based intervention arm on a 2:1 basis in favor of the fully automated IT-based arm . Participants were adult males aged 35 - 54 years living in 2 regional cities in Queensl and , Australia , who could access the Internet , owned a mobile phone , and were able to increase their activity level .  The intervention , ManUp , was based on social cognitive and self-regulation theories and specifically design ed to target males . Educational material s were provided and self-monitoring of physical activity and nutrition behaviors was promoted . Intervention content was the same in both intervention arms ; only the delivery mode differed . Content could be accessed throughout the 9-month study period . Participants ’ physical activity , dietary behaviors , and health literacy were measured using online surveys at baseline , 3 months , and 9 months . Results A total of 301 participants completed baseline assessment s , 205 in the IT-based arm and 96 in the print-based arm . A total of 124 participants completed all 3 assessment s. There were no significant between-group differences in physical activity and dietary behaviors ( P≥.05 ) . Participants reported an increased number of minutes and sessions of physical activity at 3 months ( exp(β)=1.45 , 95 % CI 1.09 - 1.95 ; exp(β)=1.61 , 95 % CI 1.17 - 2.22 ) and 9 months ( exp(β)=1.55 , 95 % CI 1.14 - 2.10 ; exp(β)=1.51 , 95 % CI 1.15 - 2.00 ) . Overall dietary behaviors improved at 3 months ( exp(β)=1.07 , 95 % CI 1.03 - 1.11 ) and 9 months ( exp(β)=1.10 , 95 % CI 1.05 - 1.13 ) . The proportion of participants in both groups eating higher-fiber bread and low-fat milk  increased at 3 months ( exp(β)=2.25 , 95 % CI 1.29 - 3.92 ; exp(β)=1.65 , 95 % CI 1.07 - 2.55 ) . Participants in the IT-based arm were less likely to report that 30 minutes of physical activity per day improves health ( exp(β)=0.48 , 95 % CI 0.26 - 0.90 ) and more likely to report that vigorous intensity physical activity 3 times per week is essential ( exp(β)=1.70 , 95 % CI 1.02 - 2.82 ) . The average number of log-ins to the IT platform at 3 and 9 months was 6.99 ( SE 0.86 ) and 9.22 ( SE 1.47 ) , respectively . The average number of self-monitoring entries at 3 and 9 months was 16.69 ( SE 2.38 ) and 22.51 ( SE 3.79 ) , respectively . Conclusions The ManUp intervention was effective in improving physical activity and dietary behaviors in middle-aged males with no significant differences between IT- and print-based delivery modes . Trial Registration Australian New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry : ACTRN12611000081910 ; https://www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/ Registration /Trial Review .aspx?ACTRN=12611000081910 ( Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6QHIWad63 ) This study observed the effect of using a computerized vs manual method of self-monitoring among Air Force personnel receiving nutrition counseling for weight loss . Subjects who enrolled during the first 2 weeks of the 4-week recruitment period completed food records for 6 weeks using a CD-ROM nutrient data base ( intervention group ) whereas those who enrolled during the last 2 weeks used a food record booklet ( comparison group ) . Of the 42 subjects ( n = 23 intervention group and n = 19 comparison group ) , only 113 intervention and 11 comparison group subjects ( 57 % of study enrollees ) su bmi tted at least 1 food record during the study and were included in the analysis , which included review of pre- and post study question naires , food records , and focus group data . There were no significant differences between the number of days per week documented or average number of items recorded daily . All 9 intervention as compared to 2 comparison group subjects who completed a post study question naire search ed for lower-energy and lower-fat items and reported changing their dietary intake as a result . All intervention group subjects who participated in a focus group ( n=6 ) had favorable comments about using the CD-ROM for monitoring and changing eating habits , indicating that it is a beneficial self-monitoring tool . Participants enjoyed the immediate dietary feedback , and computerized food records may be easier to interpret by nutrition counselors . A number of computerized nutrient data bases are available to assist patients and consumers in managing nutritional concerns The current investigation examined the impact of a weight maintenance intervention ( MI ) design ed to empower people to create a personal healthy food and physical activity environment on weight loss treatment outcomes . It was hypothesized that behavioral weight loss program ( BWLP ) participants who received an additional MI would evidence superior weight loss maintenance compared to participants who received a BWLP alone ( no contact [ NC ] ) . Fifty-one obese adults were r and omly assigned to participate in a 16-week weight loss intervention followed by NC or a 6-week MI .  Thirty-eight participants completed the six-month follow-up . Body weight , percent body fat , cardiorespiratory fitness , self-reported physical activity , and self-reported diet ( i.e. , calories , percent daily intake of fat , protein , and carbohydrates ) were assessed . Participants significantly decreased their weight , increased physical activity/fitness , and improved dietary intake ( ps<.05 ) . MI participants had significantly greater weight loss maintenance than NC participants ( ps<.05 ) . Helping obese individuals to modify their personal eating and physical activity environment in order to reduce exposure to " obesogenic " cues may contribute to long-term weight loss maintenance Objective This prospect i ve cohort study aim ed to determine the impact of a low cost , home-based physical activity and nutrition program for older adults at 6 months follow-up . Design A follow-up survey was conducted 6 months after program completion via computer-assisted telephone interviewing . The International Physical Activity Question naire and the Fat and Fibre Barometer were used to measure physical activity levels and dietary behaviours , respectively . Self-reported height , weight , waist and hip circumferences were obtained . Changes over three time points of data collection ( baseline , post-program , follow-up ) and differences between the intervention and control groups were assessed . The use of program material s was also evaluated . Setting Community and home-based . Participants Insufficiently active 60 to 70 year olds ( n = 176 , intervention and n = 198 , control ) residing in suburbs within the Perth metropolitan area . Results A sustained improvement was observed for the intervention group in terms of fat avoidance behaviours ( p interaction = .007 ) . Significant improvements were found for strength exercises , fibre intake , body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio at either post-program or follow-up , however the overall effect was not significant . At post-program , the intervention group increased time spent participating in moderate activity by 50 minutes ( p > .05 ) , which was followed by a significant decline at follow-up ( p < .05 ) . Among intervention group participants , males and females differed with respect to strength exercises and moderate physical activity . Conclusion This low-cost physical activity and nutrition intervention result ed in a sustained improvement in fat avoidance behaviours and overall short-term gains in physical activity . Future studies for older adults are recommended to investigate gender-specific behavioural barriers as well as booster interventions which focus on physical activity Background Physical activity and consuming a healthy diet have clear benefits to the physical and psychosocial health of cancer survivors , with guidelines recognising the importance of these behaviors for cancer survivors . Interventions to promote physical activity and improve dietary behaviors among cancer survivors and carers are needed . The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a group-based , face-to-face multiple health behavior change intervention on behavioral outcomes among cancer survivors of mixed diagnoses and carers . Methods The Exercise and Nutrition Routine Improving Cancer Health ( ENRICH ) intervention was evaluated using a two-group pragmatic r and omized controlled trial . Cancer survivors and carers ( n = 174 ) were r and omly allocated to the face-to-face , group-based intervention ( six , theory-based two-hour sessions delivered over 8 weeks targeting healthy eating and physical activity [ PA ] ) or wait-list control ( after completion of 20-week data collection ) . Assessment of the primary outcome ( pedometer-assessed mean daily step counts ) and secondary outcomes ( diet and alcohol intake [ Food Frequency Question naire ] , self-reported PA , weight , body mass index , and waist circumference ) were assessed at baseline , 8- and 20-weeks . Results There was a significant difference between the change over time in the intervention group and the control group . At 20 weeks , the intervention group had increased by 478 steps , and the control group had decreased by 1282 steps ; this represented an adjusted mean difference of 1761 steps ( 184 to 3337 ; P = 0.0028 ) . Significant intervention effects for secondary outcomes , included a half serving increase in vegetable intake ( difference 39 g/day ; 95 % CI : 12 to 67 ; P = 0.02 ) , weight loss ( kg ) ( difference -1.5 kg ; 95 % CI , -2.6 to -0.3 ; P = 0.014 ) and change in body mass index ( kg/m2 ) ( difference -0.55 kg/m2 ; 95 % CI , -0.97 to -0.13 ; P = 0.012 ) . No significant intervention effects were found for self-reported PA , total sitting time , waist circumference , fruit , energy , fibre , alcohol , meat , or fat consumption . Conclusions The ENRICH intervention was effective for improving PA , weight , body mass index , and vegetable consumption even with the inclusion of multiple cancer types and carers . As an example of successful research translation , the Cancer Council NSW has subsequently adopted ENRICH as a state-wide program . Trial registration Australian New Zeal and Clinical Trials Register identifier : ANZCTRN1260901086257 OBJECTIVE The specific aim was to determine whether a multifaceted approach to weight loss and physical readiness could be implemented onboard a deployed combatant ship of the U.S. Navy . RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Thirty-nine men ( 31+/-6 years old , mean+/-st and ard deviation ) assigned to the USS ENTERPRISE ( CVN 65 ) during a 6-month Mediterranean deployment who had failed their previous Physical Readiness Test due to excessive body weight ( 108+/-11 kg overweight ) were r and omly assigned to nutrition , cognitive-behavioral obesity treatment plus exercise or to the Navy 's usual treatment ( control ) , which is exercise alone . RESULTS Outcomes for the treatment group were significantly better than the controls , with 8.6+/-5.0 vs. 5.0+/-4.1 kg weight loss , 8 % vs. 5 % reduction in original body weight , and body fat loss of 7 % vs. 5 % . Triglycerides declined significantly greater in the treatment group than the controls ( 145 mg/dL to 109 mg/dL vs. 146 mg/dL to 145 mg/dL , p<0.05 ) , whereas depression and eating behaviors significantly improved among treated men . Problematic environmental factors were the limited variety of heart healthy foods in the galley , short meal breaks , and long mess hall lines that led to eating snacks from vending machines and frequent port calls . DISCUSSION Although greater weight loss than would be expected of a Navy usual care group diluted the treatment effect , the treated men still fared significantly better . The physical readiness implication of this research has the potential to impact Navy health promotion programs and policy , the health and well-being of its personnel , and the Navy 's ability to meet mission requirements Background Compared to females , males experience higher rates of chronic disease and mortality , yet few health promotion initiatives are specifically aim ed at men . Therefore , the aim of the ManUp Study is to examine the effectiveness of an IT-based intervention to increase the physical activity and nutrition behaviour and literacy in middle-aged males ( aged 35–54 years ) . Method / Design The study design was a two-arm r and omised controlled trial , having an IT-based ( applying website and mobile phones ) and a print-based intervention arm , to deliver intervention material s and to promote self-monitoring of physical activity and nutrition behaviours .  Participants ( n = 317 ) were r and omised on a 2:1 ratio in favour of the IT-based intervention arm . Both intervention arms completed assessment s at baseline , 3 , and 9 months . All participants completed self-report assessment s of physical activity , sitting time , nutrition behaviours , physical activity and nutrition literacy , perceived health status and socio-demographic characteristics . A r and omly selected sub- sample in the IT-based ( n = 61 ) and print-based ( n = 30 ) intervention arms completed objective measures of height , weight , waist circumference , and physical activity as measured by accelerometer ( Actigraph GT3X ) . The average age of participants in the IT-based and print-based intervention arm was 44.2 and 43.8 years respectively . The majority of participants were employed in professional occupations ( IT-based 57.6 % , Print-based 54.2 % ) and were overweight or obese ( IT-based 90.8 % , Print-based 87.3 % ) . At baseline a lower proportion of participants in the IT-based ( 70.2 % ) group agreed that 30 minutes of physical activity each day is enough to improve health compared to the print-based ( 82.3 % ) group ( p = .026 ) . The IT-based group consumed a significantly lower number of serves of red meat in the previous week , compared to the print-based group ( p = .017 ) . No other significant between-group differences were observed at baseline . Discussion The ManUp Study will examine the effectiveness of an IT-based approach to improve physical activity and nutrition behaviour and literacy . Study outcomes will provide much needed information on the efficacy of this approach in middle aged males , which is important due to the large proportions of males at risk , and the potential reach of IT-based interventions .Trial registration Background Intensive diet and physical activity interventions have been found to reduce cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) risk , but are re source intensive . The American Heart Association recently recommended motivational interviewing ( MI ) as an effective approach for low-intensity interventions to promote health-related outcomes such as weight loss . However , there is limited research evaluating the long-term effectiveness of MI-based interventions on health-related outcomes associated with CVD risk . The current research evaluated the effectiveness of a six-month low-intensity MI intervention in a UK primary -care setting in maintaining reductions in CVD risk factors at12 months post-intervention . Methods Primary -care patients were r and omised to an intervention group that received st and ard exercise and nutrition information plus up to five face-to-face MI sessions , delivered by a physical activity specialist and registered dietician over a 6-month period , or to a minimal intervention comparison group that received the st and ard information only . Follow-up measures of behavioural ( vigorous and moderate physical activity , walking , physical activity stage-of-change , fruit and vegetable intake , and dietary fat intake ) and biomedical ( weight , body mass index [ BMI ] , blood pressure , cholesterol ) outcomes were taken immediately post-intervention and at a 12-month follow-up occasion . Results Intent-to-treat analyses revealed significant differences between groups for walking and cholesterol .  Obese and hypercholesterolemic patients at baseline exhibited significant improvements in BMI and cholesterol respectively among those allocated to the intervention group compared to the comparison group . Post-intervention improvements in other health-related outcomes including blood pressure , weight , and BMI were not maintained . Conclusions The present study suggests that a low-intensity MI counselling intervention is effective in bringing about long-term changes in some , but not all , health-related outcomes ( walking , cholesterol levels ) associated with CVD risk . The intervention was particularly effective for patients with elevated levels of CVD risk factors at baseline . Based on these findings future interventions should be conducted in a primary care setting and target patients with high risk of CVD . Future research should investigate how the long-term gains in health-related outcomes brought about by the MI-counselling intervention in the current study could be extended to a wider range of health outcomes BACKGROUND Regular exercise and dietary practice s have been shown to affect the health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) and survival of breast cancer patients . OBJECTIVE The current study aim ed to investigate whether the WSEDI was a feasible and primarily effective method for promoting exercise and dietary behaviours for breast cancer patients . DESIGN A 12-week r and omized , controlled trial . SETTING Oncology outpatient treatment clinics at 3 university hospitals and 1 National Cancer Center in South Korea . PARTICIPANTS Fifty-nine breast cancer patients who had received curative surgery and completed primary cancer treatment within 12 months prior to the study and who had been diagnosed with stage 0-III cancers within 2 years prior to the study were recruited . METHODS Participants were r and omly assigned to either the intervention group , which used a Web-based self-management exercise and diet intervention program incorporating transtheoretical model (TTM)-based strategies ( n=29 ) , or to the control group , which used a 50-page educational booklet on exercise and diet ( n=28 ) . The intervention efficacy was measured at the baseline and 12 weeks via a Web-based survey that addressed the promotion of exercise and consumption of 5 servings of fruits and vegetables ( F&V ) per day , dietary quality , HRQOL , anxiety , depression , fatigue , motivational readiness , and self-efficacy . RESULTS The proportion of subjects who performed at least moderate-intensity aerobic exercise for at least 150 min per week ; ate 5 servings of F&V per day ; and had overall improvements in dietary quality , physical functioning and appetite loss ( HRQOL ) , fatigue , and motivational readiness was greater in the intervention group than in the control group . The self-efficacy with respect to exercise and F&V consumption was greater in the intervention group than in the control group . A Web-based program that targets changes in exercise and dietary behaviours might be effective for breast cancer survivors if the TTM theory has been used to inform the program strategy , although further research with a larger sample size is required to enable definitive conclusions
Results Based on consistent evidence from studies that were rated as moderate or strong , there is good evidence that military weight management interventions are effective in improving body composition for duration s of up to 12 months .
Effective interventions are more likely to be high intensity ( have a greater number of sessions ) , are more often delivered by specialists , and use theoretical base/behavioral change techniques and a st and ardized guideline .
Dietary interventions can potentially reduce total fat and saturated fat intake .
Dietary interventions that target the kitchen staff and /or increase the availability of healthy food are more likely to be effective in the short term .
The results regarding military physical fitness interventions were inconclusive .
Conclusion Despite limitations such as the diversity and heterogeneity of the included interventions , outcome measurements , and follow-up duration , this systematic review found good evidence that weight management interventions are effective , especially in terms of weight loss .
Background Research has been conducted to assess the effectiveness of weight management , dietary and physical activity interventions in military setting s. However , a recent and comprehensive overview is lacking .
The aim of this systematic review is to examine the evidence and describe key components of effective interventions in terms of improving body composition , dietary behaviors , and physical activity among active-duty military personnel .