[Preventative effect of a whey hydrolyzed formula (Nestle, NAN H.A.) on the development of allergic symptoms in infants]. Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome. Effect of nandrolone decanoate on the anemia of chronic hemodialysis patients. N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide is a more powerful predictor of mortality than endothelin-1, adrenomedullin and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in patients referred for consideration of cardiac transplantation. Concurrent neoadjuvant chemotherapy and estrogen deprivation in patients with estrogen receptor–positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–negative breast cancer (CBCSG‐036): A randomized, controlled, multicenter trial The Canadian National Breast Screening Study: a Canadian critique. Walking speed as a good predictor for the onset of functional dependence in a Japanese rural community population. The National Movement of Neonatal Resuscitation in India. Formula fortified with live probiotic culture reduces pulmonary and gastrointestinal bacterial colonization and translocation in a newborn animal model. MR and US imaging for breast cancer patients who underwent conservation surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy: comparison of triple negative breast cancer and other intrinsic subtypes Predictive and prognostic significance of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in non-small cell lung cancer. A randomized trial of non-synchronized Nasopharyngeal Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation (nsNIMV) vs. Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (NCPAP) in the prevention of extubation failure in pre-term < 1,500 grams.  NAT2 genetic polymorphisms and anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity in Chinese community population. Effects of nandrolone decanoate on bone mass in established osteoporosis. National prevalence of nosocomial infections. Cuba 2004. Nandrolone Decanoate as Anabolic Therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Phase II Dose-Finding Study Plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide and brain natriuretic peptide in assessment of acute dyspnea.
We examined the prevent effect of a whey hydrolyzed formula ( NAN H.A. ) on the development of  allergic disease from new born infants . A hundred thirty three pregnant women were divided into the  NAN H.A.  group and the  control group . Mothers , who agreed to use the whey hydrolyzed formula to their infant , were classified into the NAN H.A. group . We examined laboratory date such as IgE levels of these infants as well as clinical symptoms for evaluating of the preventive effect of NAN H.A. The serum IgE levels from infants of the NAN H.A. group were lower than those of the control group . The incidance of the infants who showed allergic clinical symptoms was significant lower in the NAN H.A. group . The odds ratio to skin symptom at 3 years of age with multiple logistic regression was 5.32 between the control group and the NAN H.A. group ( p < 0.05 ) . It was 6.68 between mother 's history of allergy was positive and negative ( p < 0.02 ) . These results suggest that NAN H.A. can prevent the development of allergic symptoms in infants A r and om-primed complementary DNA library was constructed from plasma containing the uncharacterized non-A , non-B hepatitis ( NANBH ) agent and screened with serum from a patient diagnosed with NANBH . A complementary DNA clone was isolated that was shown to encode an antigen associated specifically with NANBH infections . This clone is not derived from host DNA but from an RNA molecule present in NANBH infections that consists of at least 10,000 nucleotides and that is positive-str and ed with respect to the encoded NANBH antigen . These data indicate that this clone is derived from the genome of the NANBH agent and are consistent with the agent being similar to the togaviridae or flaviviridae . This molecular approach should be of great value in the isolation and characterization of other unidentified infectious agents A double-blind cross-over study was conducted on 21 patients on maintenance hemodialysis to determine if changes in serum erythropoietin level , packed cell volume , red cell mass , hemoglobin BACKGROUND The selection of patients for cardiac transplantation  is notoriously difficult . We have demonstrated that N-terminal brain natriuretic peptide ( NT-proBNP ) is a powerful predictor of mortality in advanced heart failure and is superior to the traditional markers of chronic heart failure ( CHF ) severity . However , the comparative prognostic power of endothelin-1 ( Et-1 ) , adrenomedullin ( Adm ) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-alpha ) in this patient group is unknown . METHODS AND RESULTS We prospect ively studied 150 consecutive patients with advanced CHF referred for consideration of cardiac transplantation .  Blood sample s for NT-proBNP , Et-1 , Adm and TNF-alpha analysis were taken at recruitment and patients followed up for a median of 666 days . The primary endpoint of all-cause mortality was reached in 25 patients and the secondary endpoint of all-cause mortality or urgent cardiac transplantation in 29 patients . The median values for NT-proBNP , Et-1 , Adm and TNF-alpha were 1494 pg/ml [ interquartile range 530 - 3930 ] , 0.39 fmol/ml [ 0.10 - 1.24 ] , 94 pg/ml [ 54 - 207 ] and 2.0 pg/ml [ 0 - 18.5 ] respectively . The only univariate and multivariate predictor of all-cause mortality ( chi(2)=26.95 , p<0.0001 ) , or the secondary endpoint of all-cause mortality or urgent transplantation ( chi(2)=31.23 , p<0.0001 ) , was an NT-proBNP concentration above the median value . CONCLUSION A single measurement of NT-proBNP in patients with advanced CHF can help identify patients at the highest risk of death , and is a better prognostic marker than Et-1 , Adm and TNF-alpha The current r and omized , controlled , multicenter clinical trial was conducted to investigate the efficacy of concurrent neoadjuvant chemotherapy ( NCT ) and estrogen deprivation in patients with estrogen receptor (ER)–positive , human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)–negative breast cancer The Canadian National Breast Screening Study ( CNBSS ) was the first study design ed to determine the efficacy of screening for breast carcinoma in women 40 - 49 years old . Women were r and omized to undergo either annual mammography and physical examination or usual care after an initial physical examination [ 1 ] . Women 50 - 59 years old were r and omized to undergo either annual mammography and physical examination or annual physical examination only [ 2 ] . This study , published by epidemiologists on the efficacy of a radiologic examination , therefore , invites evaluation by radiologists OBJECTIVE to investigate and compare the predictive values of four physical performance measures for the onset of functional dependence in older Japanese people living at home . DESIGN a population -based prospect i ve cohort study . SETTING Nangai village , Akita Prefecture , Japan . METHODS out of the population aged 65 years and older living in Nangai ( n = 940 ) in 1992 , we measured h and grip-strength , one-leg st and ing , and usual and maximum walking speeds  in 736 subjects who were independent in the five basic activities of daily living . Their functional status was assessed each year for the subsequent 6 years . The outcome event was the onset of functional dependence , defined as a new disability in one or more of the five basic activities of daily living , or death of a subject who had shown no disability at the previous follow-up . RESULTS even after controlling for age , sex and a number of chronic conditions , lower scores on each baseline performance measure showed increased risk for the onset of functional dependence . Maximum walking speed  was most sensitive in predicting future dependence for those aged 65 - 74 years , while usual walking speed was most sensitive for people aged > or = 75 years . CONCLUSION  walking speed  was the best physical performance measure for predicting the onset of functional dependence in a Japanese rural older population Birth asphyxia is an important cause of preventable neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries . Of the 26 million births each year in India , 4 - 6 per cent of neonates fail to establish spontaneous breathing at birth . These babies can be helped , if healthcare professionals present at the time of birth are skilled in the art of neonatal resuscitation . Since the introduction of the Neonatal Resuscitation Programme ( NRP ) by the American Academy of Pediatrics and American Heart Association , organized training programmes for instructors and providers have been launched in India , under the aegis of the National Neonatology Forum ( NNF ) since 1990 . The initial goal was to train the trainers and provide them with the necessary equipment . The NNF created a national faculty of 150 pediatricians and nurses for NRP by conducting certification courses in various regions of the country . The certified faculty members in turn trained 12,000 healthcare professionals in various parts of India over the following 2 years . Simultaneously , in several teaching institutions , NRP was introduced into the curricula of medical and nursing students . This programme provides a uniform , systematic and action-oriented approach to the resuscitation of the newborn . Prospect i ve evaluation of the resuscitation programme in teaching hospitals has revealed the use of rational resuscitation practice s and a significant decline in asphyxia-related deaths BACKGROUND / PURPOSE Acidified diets are protective against intestinal bacterial colonization and translocation .  Probiotic diets are design ed to modulate the intestinal flora to enhance mucosal immunity . This study was design ed to determine if formula acidified with live probiotic decreases bacterial gut colonization and translocation , and is equally tolerated as other acidified diets . METHODS One hundred twenty-eight rabbit pups delivered via cesarean section [ cesarean delivery , cesarean birth , abdominal delivery ] were r and omly assigned to 4 feeding groups :  NAN Nestle ( control , pH 7.0 ) ,  NAN acidified with citric acid ( pH 4.55 ) , biologically acidified Pelargon ( pH 4.55 ) , and  NAN with live Lactococcus lactis culture ( pH 4.2 ) . Pups were gavage fed every 12 hours with Enterobacter cloacae challenges of 10 colony-forming units/mL per feed and killed on day of life 3 . Lungs , liver , spleen , mesenteric lymph nodes ( MLNs ) , stomach , and cecum were cultured and quantitatively analyzed for target organism growth . Results were analyzed using chi(2 ) tests . RESULTS NAN with live probiotic culture , when compared with Pelargon , acidified NAN , and NAN , significantly reduced the incidence of Enterobacter pulmonary colonization ( P < .01 ) , bacterial translocation ( liver , P < .025 ; spleen and MLN , P < .05 ) , and gastric and intestinal colonization ( P < .001 for both ) . CONCLUSION Probiotic-fortified formula provides superior protection against pulmonary and gastrointestinal bacterial colonization and translocation compared with neutral and acidified formulas , and is equally tolerated Background Neoadjuvant chemotherapy ( NAC ) is commonly utilized to treat operable breast cancer . The purpose of this study was to review the findings of ultrasonography ( US ) and magnetic resonance ( MR ) imaging in patients treated with breast conservation surgery ( BCS ) after NAC with a focus on intrinsic subtypes . Methods Eighty-six patients underwent BCS after NAC .  The tumors were classified into four subgroups by receptor status . US and MR were performed before and after NAC . The tumor diameters in US and MR after NAC were examined for correlations with pathological tumor distances in the specimens from BCS after NAC . Results The correlation coefficient ( r ) of US to pathological tumor size was 0.3 in all tumors , 0.6 in HER2-type tumors , and 0.7 in triple negative breast cancers ( TNBC ) . The correlation coefficient of tumor size in MR to pathological tumor size was 0.9 in TNBC , and other correlations were not statistically significant . Conclusions The correlation between tumor size in MR and pathological tumor size in triple negative breast cancers corresponded best . This information is one of the clues to selecting patients for BCS after NAC BACKGROUND The predictive and prognostic role of neuron-specific enolase ( NSE ) in non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC ) is still under debate . PATIENTS AND METHODS To study these aspects ,  serum NSE  was prospect ively measured at baseline of first-line chemotherapy treatment and tested for correlation with clinical outcome in 129 advanced NSCLC patients . RESULTS An objective response was achieved in 27 out of 65 ( 41.5 % ) patients with NSE < 8.6 ng/ml and in 38 out of 64 ( 59.4 % ) patients with NSE > or = 8.6 ng/ml ( p = 0.05 ) . Logistic analysis confirmed the positive association between objective response and NSE values > or = 8.6 ng/ml ( odds ratio = 1.69 ; 95 % confidence interval : 1.09 - 2.63 ; p = 0.02 ) . Overall median survival was 10.8 months . A statistically significant prognostic effect on survival was found for performance status , stage and response to treatment , but not for baseline NSE value . CONCLUSION Based on these data , baseline circulating tumor NSE levels appear to have a weak predictive role , but not a prognostic significance in patients with advanced NSCLC su bmi tted to st and ard chemotherapy OBJECTIVE To compare the rate of reintubation within 7 days after extubation and study the complications in premature infants who were r and omized in the immediate postextubation period to either nsNIMV or NCPAP . MATERIAL AND METHOD This study was conducted in the neonatal unit of Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health between June 1 and November 30 , 2006 . Intubated premature infants born at GA < or = 34 weeks or with birth weight < or = 1500 gm , ready to be extubated before 4 weeks of age were recruited . Infants were r and omized to either nsNIMV or NCPAP after extubation . Non-synchronized NIMV setting was the same as ventilator setting before extubation and NCPAP pressure was set at the same mean airway pressure of pre extubation ventilator value . Extubation was performed after intravenous loading dose of aminophylline . Primary outcome measurement was reintubation within 7 days of initial extubation and the secondary outcome was possible complications such as apnea , abdominal distension , gastrointestinal ( GI ) perforation , necrotizing enterocolitis ( NEC ) , sepsis and death . RESULTS A total of 70 VLBW infants were admitted to the neonatal unit during the study period . A total of 57 infants were intubated of which 48 infants were recruited for the study ; 24 were in the nsNIMV group and 24 were in the  NCPAP group . Infants in the nsNIMV group had mean birth weight and body weight at the start of study less than that in the NCPAP group ( 984.8 + /- 218 vs. 1067 + /- 214 and 1185 + /- 219 vs. 1205 + /-191 , p = 0.003 , 0.02 ) . The nsNIMV group also had a higher rate of RDS and antenatal steroid used when compared to the NCPAP group ( 19/24 vs. 12/24 and 17/24 vs. 8/24 , p = 0.03 , 0.01 ) . The nsNIMV group had fewer males than in the NCPAP group ( 8/24 vs. 17/24 , p = 0.01 ) . Reintubation was similar in both groups but atelectasis and sepsis were statistically significant risk factor for reintubation in NCPAP group . There were no significant differences in treatment related complications between the two groups , with respect to incidence of apnea ( 41.7 % in nsNIMV vs. 62.5 % in NCPAP ) , abdominal distensions ( 8.3 % in nsNIMVvs . 16.7 % in NCPAP ) , NEC ( 4.2 % in nsNIMVvs . 12.5 in NCPAP ) , sepsis ( 4.2 % in nsNIMVvs . 8.3 % NCPAP ) . No GI perforation was observed in both groups . CONCLUSION Non-invasive mode of ventilation , both NIMV and NCPAP , for weaning ofpre-term infants from ventilator may reduce the rate of reintubation in this group . Both modes seem to be equally safe . We believe that the use of non-invasive ventilator techniques will significantly reduce neonatal morbidity in the future . Additional prospect i ve evaluation of these approaches should be conducted in the future BACKGROUND Anti-tuberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity ( ATDH ) is one of the most prevalent and serious adverse drug reactions in the course of anti-tuberculosis ( TB ) treatment . Some research ers suggested that determination of N-acetyltransferase 2 ( NAT2 ) genotype may be clinical ly useful to identify patients at high risk of developing ATDH . AIM To evaluate whether the NAT2 genotype could be as a predictor for ATDH in Chinese community TB population . MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 4304 community-based TB patients were followed up six to nine months prospect ively . A nested case-control study was design ed . Each ATDH case was 1:4 matched with controls by age ( within 5 years old ) , gender , treatment history , disease severity and drug dosage . The polymorphisms of NAT2 were determined using polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism . Conditional Logistic regression model was used to calculate odds ratio ( OR ) and 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , as well as corresponding P-values . RESULTS A total of 89 ATDH cases and 356 controls were included in this study . Allele frequency of NAT2 * 5 , NAT2 * 6 and NAT2 * 7 in cases and controls were 4.5 and 3.2 % , 25.3 and 26.5 % , and 13.5 and 13.5 % , respectively . Frequencies of genotypes and alleles of NAT2 * 5 , NAT2 * 6 and NAT2 * 7 did not differ significantly between cases and controls . The OR of intermediate acetylator and slow acetylator compared with rapid acetylator was 1.040 ( 95%CI 0.616 - 1.758 ) and 0.990 ( 95%CI 0.509 - 1.925 ) , respectively . The NAT2 haplotype distribution in cases was similar to controls . CONCLUSIONS In conclusion , we did not find significant association between NAT2 genotype and ATDH in community-based Chinese population . It may be deficient to take NAT2 genotype as a predictor for ATDH in Chinese community TB patients A double-blind , r and omized , placebo-controlled study was conducted in 46 postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis in order to assess the long-term effects of n and rolone decanoate on the bone mineral density ( BMD ) of the lumbar vertebrae and of the distal third of the radius and on the biochemical markers of bone turnover . The patients received intramuscular injections of placebo or 50 mg n and rolone decanoate every 3 weeks for 18 months . Thirty-two of the initial 46 patients completed 1 year of study and 25 completed the whole study period of 18 months . Overall , vertebral BMD increased by 2.9 % in the n and rolone decanoate group and fell by 2.3 % in the placebo group . Radial BMD showed a slight but transient improvement , with a subsequent return to basal levels in the n and rolone decanoate group , whereas there was a progressive decrease in the placebo group . Patients treated with n and rolone decanoate also complained less of bone pain . Urinary hydroxyproline decreased significantly in treated patients , whereas osteocalcin tended to increase , but the change was not significant . HDL cholesterol concentrations decreased only slightly and haemoglobin increased significantly in the n and rolone decanoate group . Two patients treated with n and rolone decanoate withdrew from the study because of hirsutism and hoarseness . The results indicate that n and rolone decanoate exerts positive effects on vertebral BMD and on bone pain in patients with established postmenopausal osteoporosis In 1983 Cuba instituted its first Nosocomial Infection ( NI ) Control and Prevention National Program with a continuous surveillance system . We undertook the first NI prevalence study in 1997 in an attempt to compare our national findings with international results . A second prevalence study with a r and omised design was undertaken between 24 and 29 May 2004 . The overall rate of NI was 7.3 % ( 284/4240 ; 95 % CI : 5.9 - 7.4 ) , and 6.7 % of patients were found to have at least one NI . The highest rates were found in intensive care , intermediate care and burn units . The most frequent NI was surgical site infection , whereas the number of urinary tract infections remained low . Microbiological culture was obtained in nearly 53 % of infections ; Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas spp . were the most commonly isolated pathogens . Cephalosporins and aminoglycosides were the antibiotics most often used in the treatment of NIs . The risk factors for NIs found in the Cuban studies were similar to international reports Background / Aims : In patients with chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) receiving adequate erythropoietin therapy , the ideal dose of n and rolone decanoate ( ND ) to enhance muscle mass is not known . Methods : In this phase II dose-finding study , 54 patients with CKD stage 5 were r and omized to either low , medium or high doses of ND ( 50 , 100 or 200 mg/week for 24 weeks , respectively , in males ; doses halved in females ) , while 7 patients acted as non-r and omized controls . The primary outcome measure was appendicular lean mass ( ALM ) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry . Fluid overload ( hydration of the fat-free mass ) and indicators of physical functioning were secondary measures . Harms were also recorded . Data were analysed using Quade ’s ( 1967 ) non-parametric analysis of covariance . Results : ND increased ALM in a dose-responsive manner ( change scores = 0.3 ± 0.3 vs. 0.8 ± 0.3 vs. 1.5 ± 0.5 vs. 2.1 ± 0.4 kg , control vs. low vs. medium vs. high dose groups , respectively , p < 0.001 ) with no increases in fluid overload but no consistent effect on physical functioning . The highest dose of ND ( 100 mg/week ) was intolerable in females because of virilizing effects . Conclusion : If goals of future studies are to improve body composition , dosing of ND up to 200 mg/week in males and 50 mg/week in females should be investigated . However , to realize improvements in physical functioning , future phase III trials of ND may require additional interventions such as exercise training We examined the analytical correlation between non-radioimmunometric plasma N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide ( NT-proBNP ) and B-type natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) and evaluated whether NT-proBNP or BNP was superior in the emergency diagnosis of heart failure and whether this was influenced by age , gender , body mass index ( BMI ) and renal function . Data were collected prospect ively from patients admitted to the emergency department for acute dyspnea .  Plasma BNP ( Triage , Biosite ) and NT-proBNP ( Elecsys , Roche diagnostic(R ) ) were measured at admission in addition to other st and ard biological parameters and clinical variables . Reference diagnosis was adjudicated by two independent cardiologists using the European society of cardiology guidelines . We evaluated the influence of creatinine clearance , age , gender and BMI on plasma BNP and NT-proBNP levels .  One hundred and sixty consecutive patients were included : 84 females and 76 males , mean age 80.1 + 13.5 ( 16 - 98 ) . The analytical correlation between the automated electro-chemiluminescence immunoassay for NT-proBNP and the single use fluorescence immunoassay for BNP was satisfactory using the equation : NT-proBNP = 1.1 BNP + 0.57 and a correlation r = 0.93 . This was established over a wide range of concentration ( 5 - 6400 pg/ml for BNP ) . Areas under receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curve for BNP and NT-proBNP as a diagnostic marker for heart failure were 0.82 and 0.84 , respectively and a BNP level of 150 pg/ml has similar sensitivity and specificity that NT-proBNP level of 1000 pg/ml . The correlation was not influenced by age , gender and BMI of patients .  Renal dysfunction did not affect significantly this correlation ( r = 0.93 ) . We conclude that NT-proBNP , as assayed in the present study , correlates closely with BNP . This correlation is only slightly modulated by creatinine clearance values . The NT-proBNP appears as accurate as BNP according to area under ROC curve . Used in conjunction with other clinical information , rapid measurement of BNP or NT-proBNP is useful in establishing or excluding the diagnosis of congestive heart failure in patients with acute dyspnea
Caution must therefore be exercised in interpreting results , but the case for investment in parenting and health visitor-related programmes appears most strong , especially when impacts beyond the health sector are taken into account .
In the workplace an economic return on investment in a number of comprehensive workplace health promotion programmes and stress management projects ( largely in the USA ) was reported , while group-based exercise and psychosocial interventions are of potential benefit to older people .
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