Effect of community-based yoga intervention on oxidative stress and glycemic parameters in prediabetes: a randomized controlled trial. Effects of a yoga intervention on lipid profiles of diabetes patients with dyslipidemia. The Influence of Yoga-Based Programs on Risk Profiles in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review Additional benefit of yoga to standard lifestyle modification on blood pressure in prehypertensive subjects: a randomized controlled study A Randomized controlled trial of the effect of yoga and peer support on glycaemic outcomes in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a feasibility study Utilization of 3-Month Yoga Program for Adults at High Risk for Type 2 Diabetes: A Pilot Study Effect of exercise therapy on lipid profile and oxidative stress indicators in patients with type 2 diabetes A yoga intervention for type 2 diabetes risk reduction: a pilot randomized controlled trial Lipid profile of coronary risk subjects following yogic lifestyle intervention. Role of yoga in modifying certain cardiovascular functions in type 2 diabetic patients. Community based yoga classes for type 2 diabetes: an exploratory randomised controlled trial Effect of 3-Month Yoga on Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes With or Without Complications The effectiveness of yoga to prevent diabetes mellitus type 2 Impact of a 10 minute Seated Yoga Practice in the Management of Diabetes. Effect of 12 Weeks of Yoga Therapy on Quality of Life and Indian Diabetes Risk Score in Normotensive Indian Young Adult Prediabetics and Diabetics: Randomized Control Trial. Completion report: Effect of Comprehensive Yogic Breathing program on type 2 diabetes: A randomized control trial Impact of yoga on blood pressure and quality of life in patients with hypertension – a controlled trial in primary care, matched for systolic blood pressure
OBJECTIVES To study the effectiveness of yoga intervention on oxidative stress , glycemic status , blood pressure and anthropometry in prediabetes . DESIGN R and omized-controlled trial . PARTICIPANTS Twenty nine prediabetes subjects aged 30 - 75 years . SETTING Yoga was conducted at 4 different community diabetes clinics in Mangalore , India . INTERVENTIONS Participants were r and omized to either 3-month yoga or wait-list control groups . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Malondialdehyde , glutathione , vitamin C , vitamin E , superoxide dismutase , plasma glucose , glycated haemoglobin , BMI , waist circumference , waist-to-hip ratio and blood pressure . RESULTS Yoga intervention result ed in a significant decline in malondialdehyde ( p<0.001 ) , relative to the control group . In comparison with the control , there was a significant improvement in BMI , waist circumference , systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose levels at follow-up . No significant improvement in glycated haemoglobin , waist-to-hip ratio or any of the antioxidants was observed . CONCLUSIONS Yoga intervention may be helpful in control of oxidative stress in prediabetes subjects . Yoga can also be beneficial in reduction in BMI , waist circumference , systolic blood pressure and fasting glucose . Effect of yoga on antioxidant parameters was not evident in this study . The findings of this study need to be confirmed in larger trials involving active control groups OBJECTIVE The present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of yoga in the management of dyslipidemia in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus . METHODS This r and omized parallel study was carried out in Medical College Triv and rum , Kerala , India . Hundred type 2 diabetics with dyslipidemia were r and omized into control and yoga groups . The control group was prescribed oral hypoglycemic drugs . The yoga group practice d yoga daily for 1 h duration along with oral hypoglycemic drugs for 3 months . The lipid profiles of both the groups were compared at the start and at the end of 3 months . RESULTS After intervention with yoga for a period of 3 months the study group showed a decrease in total cholesterol , triglycerides and LDL , with an improvement in HDL . CONCLUSION Yoga , being a lifestyle incorporating exercise and stress management training , targets the elevated lipid levels in patients with diabetes through integrated approaches There is growing evidence that yoga may offer a safe and cost-effective intervention for Type 2 Diabetes mellitus ( DM 2 ) . However , systematic review s are lacking . This article critically review s the published literature regarding the effects of yoga-based programs on physiologic and anthropometric risk profiles and related clinical outcomes in adults with DM 2 . We performed a comprehensive literature search using four computerized English and Indian scientific data bases . The search was restricted to original studies ( 1970–2006 ) that evaluated the metabolic and clinical effects of  yoga in adults with DM 2 . Studies targeting clinical population s with cardiovascular disorders that included adults with comorbid DM were also evaluated . Data were extracted regarding study design , setting , target population , intervention , comparison group or condition , outcome assessment , data analysis and presentation , follow-up , and key results , and the quality of each study was evaluated according to specific predetermined criteria . We identified 25 eligible studies , including 15 uncontrolled trials , 6 non-r and omized controlled trials and 4 r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) . Overall , these studies suggest beneficial changes in several risk indices , including glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity , lipid profiles , anthropometric characteristics , blood pressure , oxidative stress , coagulation profiles , sympathetic activation and pulmonary function , as well as improvement in specific clinical outcomes .  Yoga may improve risk profiles in adults with DM 2 , and may have promise for the prevention and management of cardiovascular complications in this population . However , the limitations characterizing most studies preclude drawing firm conclusions . Additional high- quality RCTs are needed to confirm and further eluci date the effects of st and ardized yoga programs in population s with DM 2 High blood pressure ( BP ) is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease morbidity . Considering the growing evidence of nonpharmacological interventions in the management of high BP , we design ed a r and omized , parallel active-controlled study on the effect of yoga and st and ard lifestyle modification ( LSM ) on BP and heart rate in individuals with prehypertension ( systolic BP 120–139 mm Hg and /or diastolic BP 80–89 mm Hg ) . Volunteers ( 20–60 years ) of both genders without any known cardiovascular disease were r and omized into either LSM group ( n=92 ) or LSM+yoga group ( n=92 ) . Before the intervention , age , waist circumference , physical activity , BP and fasting plasma glucose and lipids were comparable between the groups . After 12 weeks of intervention , we observed a significant reduction in the BP and heart rate in both the groups . Further , the reduction in systolic BP was significantly more in LSM+yoga group ( 6 mm Hg ) as compared with LSM group ( 4 mm Hg ) . In addition , 13 prehypertensives became normotensives in LSM+yoga  group and four in LSM group . The results indicate efficacy of nonpharmacological intervention and the additional benefit of yoga to st and ard LSM . Further research in this field may add to the level of evidence on the benefit of yoga , in the reduction of BP in high BP subjects , in the scientific literature Background Type two diabetes is a complex and dem and ing chronic disease and its impact in a state ( Kerala ) which leads India in terms of the number of people with Diabetes is profound . Though the male to female ratio among the people with diabetes is roughly equal , women are uniquely and more severely affected . Management of type two Diabetes requires considerable dexterity on the part of the patient to manage drugs , diet and exercise . Therefore , in a low middle-income country like India it is necessary to look at low cost interventions that can empower the patient and build on available re sources to help manage diabetes . Hence , we studied the feasibility and effect of two low cost interventions ; yoga and peer support on glycaemic and other outcomes among women with type two diabetes . Methods An open label parallel three armed r and omized control trial was conducted among 124 recruited women with Diabetes for three months . Block r and omization with a block length of six was carried out with each group having at least 41 women . In the Yoga arm , sessions by an instructor , consisting of a group of postures coordinated with breathing were conducted for an hour , two days a week . In the peer support arm each peer mentor after training visited 13–14 women with diabetes every week followed by a phone call . The meeting was about applying disease management or prevention plans in daily life . Results There was a trend in decline of fasting plasma glucose in the peer and yoga group and of glycosylated haemoglobin ( HbA1c ) in the yoga group only , though not significant . A significant decrease was observed in diastolic blood pressure and hip circumference in the yoga group . The process indicated that most ( 80 % ) of the women in the yoga group attended classes regularly and 90 % of the women in the peer group reported that peer mentoring was useful . Conclusion The effect of yoga and peer support on glycaemic outcomes was incremental . Longer term studies are necessary to ascertain the benefits shown by this feasibility study .Trial registration CTRI/2011/12/002227 date d 14/12/2011 Various modes of physical activity , combined with dieting , have been widely recommended to prevent or delay type 2 diabetes . Among these , yoga holds promise for reducing risk factors for type 2 diabetes by promoting weight loss , improving glucose levels and reducing blood pressure and lipid levels . This pilot study aim ed to assess the feasibility of implementing a 12-week yoga program among adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes . Twenty-three adults ( 19 Whites and 4 non-Whites ) were r and omly assigned to the  yoga intervention group or the educational group . The yoga group participated in a 3-month yoga intervention with sessions twice per week and the educational group received general health educational material s every 2 weeks . All participants completed question naires and had blood tests at baseline and at the end of 3 months . Effect sizes were reported to summarize the efficacy of the intervention . All participants assigned to the yoga intervention completed the yoga program without complication and expressed high satisfaction with the program ( 99.2 % ) . Their yoga session attendance ranged from 58.3 to 100 % . Compared with the education group , the yoga group experienced improvements in weight , blood pressure , insulin , triglycerides and exercise self-efficacy indicated by small to large effect sizes . This preliminary study indicates that a yoga program would be a possible risk reduction option for adults at high risk for type 2 diabetes . In addition , yoga holds promise as an approach to reducing cardiometabolic risk factors and increasing exercise self-efficacy for this group Background Yoga has been shown to be a simple and economical therapeutic modality that may be considered as a beneficial adjuvant for type 2 diabetes mellitus . This study investigated the impact of Hatha yoga and conventional physical training ( PT ) exercise regimens on biochemical , oxidative stress indicators and oxidant status in patients with type 2 diabetes . Methods This prospect i ve r and omized study consisted of 77 type 2 diabetic patients in the Hatha yoga exercise group that were matched with a similar number of type 2 diabetic patients in the conventional PT exercise and control groups . Biochemical parameters such as fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) , serum total cholesterol ( TC ) , triglycerides , low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) , very low-density lipoproteins ( VLDL ) and high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) were determined at baseline and at two consecutive three monthly intervals . The oxidative stress indicators ( malondialdehyde – MDA , protein oxidation – POX , phospholipase A2 – PLA2 activity ) and oxidative status [ superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and catalase activities ] were measured . Results The concentrations of FBG in the Hatha yoga and conventional PT exercise groups after six months decreased by 29.48 % and 27.43 % respectively ( P < 0.0001 ) and there was a significant reduction in serum TC in both groups ( P < 0.0001 ) . The concentrations of VLDL in the managed groups after six months differed significantly from baseline values ( P = 0.036 ) . Lipid peroxidation as indicated by MDA significantly decreased by 19.9 % and 18.1 % in the Hatha yoga and conventional PT exercise groups respectively ( P < 0.0001 ) ; whilst the activity of SOD significantly increased by 24.08 % and 20.18 % respectively ( P = 0.031 ) . There was no significant difference in the baseline and 6 months activities of PLA2 and catalase after six months although the latter increased by 13.68 % and 13.19 % in the Hatha yoga and conventional PT exercise groups respectively ( P = 0.144 ) . Conclusion The study demonstrate the efficacy of Hatha yoga exercise on fasting blood glucose , lipid profile , oxidative stress markers and antioxidant status in patients with type 2 diabetes and suggest that Hatha yoga exercise and conventional PT exercise may have therapeutic preventative and protective effects on diabetes mellitus by decreasing oxidative stress and improving antioxidant status . Trial Registration Australian New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry ( ANZCTR ) : Background Type 2 diabetes is a major health problem in many countries including India .  Yoga may be an effective type 2 diabetes prevention strategy in India , particularly given its cultural familiarity . Methods This was a parallel , r and omized controlled pilot study to collect feasibility and preliminary efficacy data on yoga for diabetes risk factors among people at high risk of diabetes . Primary outcomes included : changes in BMI , waist circumference , fasting blood glucose , postpr and ial blood glucose , insulin , insulin resistance , blood pressure , and cholesterol . We also looked at measures of psychological well-being including changes in depression , anxiety , positive and negative affect and perceived stress . Forty-one participants with elevated fasting blood glucose in Bangalore , India were r and omized to either  yoga  ( n = 21 ) or a walking control ( n = 20 ) . Participants were asked to either attend yoga classes or complete monitored walking 3–6 days per week for eight weeks . R and omization and allocation was performed using computer-generated r and om numbers and group assignments delivered in sealed , opaque envelopes generated by off-site study staff . Data were analyzed based on intention to treat . Results This study was feasible in terms of recruitment , retention and adherence . In addition , yoga participants had significantly greater reductions in weight , waist circumference and BMI versus control ( weight −0.8 ± 2.1 vs. 1.4 ± 3.6 , p = 0.02 ; waist circumference −4.2 ± 4.8 vs. 0.7 ± 4.2 , p < 0.01 ; BMI −0.2 ± 0.8 vs. 0.6 ± 1.6 , p = 0.05 ) . There were no between group differences in fasting blood glucose , postpr and ial blood glucose , insulin resistance or any other factors related to diabetes risk or psychological well-being . There were significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure , total cholesterol , anxiety , depression , negative affect and perceived stress in both the yoga intervention and walking control over the course of the study . Conclusion Among Indians with elevated fasting blood glucose , we found that participation in an 8-week yoga intervention was feasible and result ed in greater weight loss and reduction in waist circumference when compared to a walking control . Yoga offers a promising lifestyle intervention for decreasing weight-related type 2 diabetes risk factors and potentially increasing psychological well-being . Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov Identified NCT00090506 The effect of yogic lifestyle on the lipid status was studied in angina patients and normal subjects with risk factors of coronary artery disease . The parameters included the body weight , estimation of serum cholesterol , triglycerides , HDL , LDL and the cholesterol - HDL ratio . A baseline evaluation was done and then the angina patients and risk factors subjects were r and omly assigned as control  ( n = 41 ) and intervention ( yoga ) group ( n = 52 ) . Lifestyle advice was given to both the groups . An integrated course of yoga training was given for four days followed by practice at home . Serial evaluation of both the groups was done at four , 10 and 14 weeks . Dyslipidemia was a constant feature in all cases . An inconsistent pattern of change was observed in the control group of angina ( n = 18 ) and risk factor subjects ( n = 23 ) . The subjects practising yoga showed a regular decrease in all lipid parameters except HDL . The effect started from four weeks and lasted for 14 weeks . Thus , the effect of yogic lifestyle on some of the modifiable risk factors could probably explain the preventive and therapeutic beneficial effect observed in coronary artery disease OBJECTIVES 1 . To study the effect of forty days of Yogic exercises on cardiac functions in Type 2 Diabetics . 2 . To study the effect of forty days of Yogic exercises on blood glucose level , glycosylated hemoglobin . METHODS The present study done in twenty-four Type 2 DM cases provides metabolic and clinical evidence of improvement in glycaemic control and autonomic functions .  These middle-aged subjects were type II diabetics on antihyperglycaemic and dietary regimen . Their baseline fasting and postpr and ial blood glucose and glycosylated Hb were monitored along with autonomic function studies . The expert gave these patients training in yoga asanas and they pursued those 30 - 40 min/day for 40 days under guidance . These asanas consisted of 13 well known postures , done in a sequence . After 40 days of yoga asanas regimen , the parameters were repeated . RESULTS The results indicate that there was significant decrease in fasting blood glucose levels from basal 190.08 + /- 18.54 in mg/dl to 141.5 + /- 16.3 in mg/dl after yoga regimen . The post pr and ial blood glucose levels decreased from 276.54 + /- 20.62 in mg/dl to 201.75 + /- 21.24 in mg/dl , glycosylated hemoglobin showed a decrease from 9.03 + /- 0.29 % to 7.83 + /- 0.53 % after yoga regimen . The pulse rate , systolic and diastolic blood pressure decreased significantly ( from 86.45 + /- 2.0 to 77.65 + /- 2.5 pulse/min , from 142.0 + /- 3.9 to 126.0 + /- 3.2 mm of Hg and from 86.7 + /- 2.5 mm of Hg to 75.5 + /- 2.1 mm of Hg after yoga regimen respectively ) . Corrected QT interval ( QTc ) decreased from 0.42 + /- 0.0 to 0.40 + /- 0.0 . CONCLUSION These findings suggest that better glycaemic control and stable autonomic functions can be obtained in Type 2 DM cases with yoga asanas and pranayama . The exact mechanism as to how these postures and controlled breathing interact with somato-neuro-endocrine mechanism affecting metabolic and autonomic functions remains to be worked out Background Yoga is a popular therapy for diabetes but its efficacy is contested . The aim of this study was to explore the feasibility of research ing community based yoga classes in Type 2 diabetes with a view to informing the design of a definitive , multi-centre trial Methods The study design was an exploratory r and omised controlled trial with in-depth process evaluation . The setting was two multi-ethnic boroughs in London , UK ; one with average and one with low mean socio-economic deprivation score . Classes were held at a sports centre or GP surgery . Participants were 59 people with Type 2 diabetes not taking insulin , recruited from general practice lists or opportunistically by general practice staff . The intervention group were offered 12 weeks of a twice-weekly 90-minute yoga class ; the control group was a waiting list for the yoga classes . Both groups received advice and leaflets on healthy lifestyle and were encouraged to exercise . Primary outcome measure was HbA1c . Secondary outcome measures included attendance , weight , waist circumference , lipid levels , blood pressure , UKPDS cardiovascular risk score , diabetes-related quality of life ( ADDQoL ) , and self-efficacy . Process measures were attendance at yoga sessions , self-reported frequency of practice between taught sessions , and qualitative data ( interviews with patients and therapists , ethnographic observation of the yoga classes , and analysis of documents including minutes of meetings , correspondence , and exercise plans ) . Results Despite broad inclusion criteria , around two-thirds of the patients on GP diabetic registers proved ineligible , and 90 % of the remainder declined to participate . Mean age of participants was 60 + /- 10 years .  Attendance at yoga classes was around 50 % . Nobody did the exercises regularly at home . Yoga teachers felt that most participants were unsuitable for ' st and ard ' yoga exercises because of limited flexibility , lack of basic fitness , co-morbidity , and lack of confidence . There was a small fall in HbA1c in the yoga group which was not statistically significant and which was not sustained six months later , and no significant change in other outcome measures . Conclusion The benefits of yoga in type 2 diabetes suggested in some previous studies were not confirmed . Possible explanations ( apart from lack of efficacy ) include recruitment challenges ; practical and motivational barriers to class attendance ; physical and motivational barriers to engaging in the exercises ; inadequate intensity and /or duration of yoga intervention ; and insufficient personalisation of exercises to individual needs . All these factors should be considered when design ing future trials . Trial registration National Research Register ( 1410 ) and Current Controlled Trials ( IS RCT N63637211 ) OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of yoga on anthropometry , blood pressure , glycemic control , and oxidative stress in type 2 diabetic patients on st and ard care  in comparison with st and ard care alone . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS The study involved 123 patients stratified according to groups with microvascular complications , macrovascular complications , and peripheral neuropathy and without complications and assigned to receive either st and ard care or st and ard care along with additional yoga for 3 months . RESULTS In comparison with st and ard care alone , yoga result ed in significant reduction in BMI , glycemic control , and malondialdehyde and increase in glutathione and vitamin C. There were no differences in waist circumference , waist-to-hip ratio , blood pressure , vitamin E , or superoxide dismutase in the yoga group at follow-up . CONCLUSIONS Yoga can be used as an effective therapy in reducing oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes . Yoga in addition to st and ard care helps reduce BMI and improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients Background : Type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) is becoming a leading problem worldwide . Emerging reports reveal alarming evidence of increasing prevalence of T2DM that has reached p and emic levels . Despite the significant incidence , there are limited reliable data re sources and comprehensive systematic review and meta- analysis on the effects of yoga on people who are a prediabetic or high risk for developing T2DM . Objective : The objective of this protocol is to conduct a full-scale systematic review and meta-analyses on the effects of yoga on people who are prediabetes or high risk of developing T2DM . Methods : The articles enrolled in the study will be retrieved from the online data bases between 2002 and the date the search es are executed . The search es will be repeated just before the final analyses and further relevant studies for inclusion . We will conduct a bibliographic search in data bases : Medline / PubMed , Scopus , Cochrane Library , EBSCO , and IndMED using keywords including prediabetes state , high risk for diabetes , metabolic syndrome , and yoga . A defined search strategy will be implemented along with selection criteria to obtain full-text articles of relevant studies . This study protocol was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review s and Meta- Analysis for Protocol s 2015 guidelines . There will be no language restrictions . Ethics and dissemination : The proposed study will be based on published studies and publicly available anonymized data without directly involving human participants and therefore requires neither formal human ethical review nor approval by a human research ethics committee . We published an outline of the protocol in the International Prospect i ve Register of Systematic Review s ( PROSPERO ) in 2018 . We plan to disseminate the findings of this systematic review and meta- analysis through publication in a peer- review ed journal and presentation at relevant conference proceedings . In addition , we believe the results of the systematic review will have implication s for policy and practice . We will prepare policymaker summary using a vali date d format , disseminate through social media and email discussion groups . Review registration number : PROSPERO registration number CRD OBJECTIVE We sought to prospect ively evaluate the impact of a 10 minute seated yoga program added to st and ard comprehensive diabetes care on glucose control and cardiovascular health in the severely ill , medically complex diabetic population . METHOD A total of 10 patients with type 2 diabetes , ages 49 - 77 , with duration of diabetes > 10 years and haemoglobin A1C > 9 % ( 75 mmol/mol ) were included in the study . Patients r and omized to a yoga intervention were taught a 10 minute seated yoga practice , were given an explanatory DVD and a fold-out pocket guide to encourage adherence at home , and were instructed to incorporate the practice as often as they could . The patients in the control arm were provided information and h and outs on the available yoga classes on campus . RESULTS At 3 month clinical follow up , the mean decrease in fasting capillary blood glucose ( CBG ) was 45 % among yoga participants ( -5.2 ± 4.1 mmol/L ) . Heart rate ( HR ) dropped by 18 % and Diastolic blood pressure ( BP ) dropped by 29 % in the intervention arm , ( -12.4 ± 6.69 and -26 ± 12.05 mmHg , respectively ) . There were no statistically significant changes in the haemoglobin A1C , systolic blood pressure , weight , or body mass index in either group . CONCLUSION Our small pilot study reinforces the current medical evidence supporting the use of yoga , combined with st and ard care , to improve health outcomes in diabetes Introduction India has become the epicentre for diabetes , a stress-related disorder affecting the working skills and day-to-day lifestyle management of younger population . Most of the studies have reported the effect of yoga on improving Quality of Life ( QoL ) in diabetic patients with other comorbidities . Till date , no r and omized control trial reports are available to show the effect of yoga therapy on QoL and Indian Diabetes Risk Score ( IDRS ) in normotensive prediabetic and diabetic young individuals . Aim To determine the effect of 12 weeks of yoga therapy on QoL and IDRS among normotensive prediabetic and diabetic young Indian adults . Material s and Methods A r and omized control trial was conducted in Endocrinology Outpatient Department ( OPD ) . Normotensive participants ( n=310 ) aged 18 - 45 years were divided into healthy controls ( n=62 ) , prediabetics ( n=124 ) and diabetics ( n=124 ) . Study group subjects were r and omly assigned to Group II ( n=62 , prediabetes-st and ard treatment ) , Group III ( n=62 , prediabetes-st and ard treatment + yoga therapy ) , Group IV ( n=62 , diabetes-st and ard treatment ) and Group V ( n=62 , diabetes-st and ard treatment + yoga therapy ) . Flanagan QoL scale , IDRS question naire , Fasting Plasma Glucose ( FPG ) and insulin were assessed pre and post 12 weeks of intervention . Statistical analysis was done using Student 's paired t-test and one-way ANOVA . Results Pre-post intervention analysis showed significant improvement in QoL scale with p<0.01 in Group II and Group IV ; p<0.001 in Group III and Group V respectively . There was significant reduction in IDRS in Group II ( p<0.05 ) ; p<0.001 in Group III , Group IV and Group V respectively . Significant difference ( p<0.001 ) in QoL scale and IDRS were found when study groups with st and ard treatment along with yoga therapy were compared to st and ard treatment alone . Conclusion Yoga therapy along with st and ard treatment for 12 weeks improved QoL and attenuated the diabetes risk among Indian prediabetics and diabetics compared to st and ard treatment alone Background : Yoga has been shown to be beneficial in diabetes in many studies , though r and omized control trials are few . The aim of this r and omized control trial was to see the effect of Sudarshan Kriya and related practice s ( comprehensive yogic breathing program ) on quality of life , glycemic control , and cardiac autonomic functions in diabetes . Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor for sudden cardiac death . Cardiac autonomic neuropathy has been implicated in the causation of sudden cardiac death . Therefore , a maneuver to prevent progression of cardiac autonomic neuropathy holds significance . Material s and Methods : A total of 120 patients of diabetes on oral medication and diet and exercise advice were r and omized into two groups : ( 1 ) Continued to receive st and ard treatment for diabetes . ( 2 ) Patients administered comprehensive yogic breathing program and monitored to regularly practice yoga in addition to st and ard treatment of diabetes . At 6 months , quality of life and postpr and ial plasma glucose significantly improved in the group practicing yoga compared to baseline , but there was no significant improvement in the fasting plasma glucose and glycated hemoglobin . Results : On per protocol analysis , sympathetic cardiac autonomic functions significantly improved from baseline in the group practicing comprehensive yogic breathing . Conclusion : This r and omized control trial points towards the beneficial effect of yogic breathing program in preventing progression of cardiac neuropathy . This has important implication s as cardiac autonomic neuropathy has been considered as one of the factors for sudden cardiac deaths Background Medical treatment of hypertension is not always sufficient to achieve blood pressure control . Despite this , previous studies on supplementary therapies , such as yoga , are relatively few . We investigated the effects of two yoga interventions on blood pressure and quality of life in patients in primary health care diagnosed with hypertension . Methods Adult patients ( age 20–80 years ) with diagnosed hypertension were identified by an electronic chart search at a primary health care center in southern Sweden . In total , 83 subjects with blood pressure values of 120–179/≤109 mmHg at baseline were enrolled . At baseline , the patients underwent st and ardized blood pressure measurement  at the health care center and they completed a question naire on self-rated quality of life ( WHOQOL-BREF ) . There were three groups : 1 ) yoga class with yoga instructor ( n = 28 ) ; 2 ) yoga at home ( n = 28 ) ; and 3 ) a control group ( n = 27 ) . The participants were matched at the group level for systolic blood pressure . After 12 weeks of intervention , the assessment s were performed again . At baseline a majority of the patients ( 92 % ) were on antihypertensive medication , and the patients were requested not to change their medication during the study . Results The yoga class group showed no improvement in blood pressure or self-rated quality of life , while in the yoga at home group there was a decline in diastolic blood pressure of 4.4 mmHg ( p < 0.05 ) compared to the control group . Moreover , the yoga at home group showed significant improvement in self-rated quality of life compared to the control group ( p < 0.05 ) . Conclusions A short yoga program for the patient to practice at home seems to have an antihypertensive effect , as well as a positive effect on self-rated quality of life compared to controls . This implies that simple yoga exercises may be useful as a supplementary blood pressure therapy in addition to medical treatment when prescribed by primary care physicians . Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov ( NCT01302535
This meta- analysis uncovered clinical ly improved effects of yoga intervention on glycemic control , lipid profiles and other parameters of T2DM management in prediabetic population .
These results suggest that yoga intervention may be considered as a comprehensive and alternative approach to preventing T2DM .
A systematic review and meta- analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of yoga on glycemic control , lipid profiles , body composition and blood pressure in people in the pre-diabetic state .