Robot‐assisted total hip arthroplasty: Clinical outcomes and complication rate [Clinical outcome following robotic assisted versus conventional total hip arthroplasty: a controlled and prospective study of seventy-one patients]. Robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty accurately restores the joint line and mechanical axis. A prospective randomised study. A Comparison between Robotic-assisted and Manual Implantation of Cementless Total Hip Arthroplasty A randomized, prospective study of 3 minimally invasive surgical approaches in total hip arthroplasty: comprehensive gait analysis. Robot-assisted primary cementless total hip arthroplasty with a short femoral stem: a prospective randomized short-term outcome study Robot-assisted primary cementless total hip arthroplasty with a short femoral stem: a prospective randomized short-term outcome study. Minimal-invasive posterior approach for total hip arthroplasty versus standard lateral approach. Total Hip Arthroplasty Performed Through Direct Anterior Approach Provides Superior Early Outcome: Results of a Randomized, Prospective Study. Total hip arthroplasty through a minimally invasive lateral approach--our experience and early results. Minimally Invasive versus Classic Procedures in Total Hip Arthroplasty: A Double-blind Randomized Controlled Trial Robot-assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty Comparison of gait in patients following a computer-navigated minimally invasive anterior approach and a conventional posterolateral approach for total hip arthroplasty: a randomized controlled trial. Comparison of robot-assisted and conventional total knee arthroplasty: A controlled cadaver study using multiparameter quantitative three-dimensional CT assessment of alignment Sequential versus automated cutting guides in computer-assisted total knee arthroplasty. Comparison of robotic-assisted and manual implantation of a primary total hip replacement. A prospective study. Minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty--our clinical experience.
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to report minimum 2-year outcomes and complications for robotic-arm-assisted total hip arthroplasty ( THA )  . METHODS Data were prospect ively collected and retrospectively review ed between June 2011 and April 2014 . Inclusion criteria were primary robotic-arm-assisted THAs treating idiopathic osteoarthritis with ≥ 2-year follow-up .  Demographics , operating time , complications , 2-year outcome scores and satisfaction , and subsequent surgeries were recorded . RESULTS There were 181 cases eligible for inclusion , of which 162 ( 89.5 % ) had minimum 2-year follow-up . At the latest follow-up , the mean visual analogue scale was 0.7 , satisfaction was 9.3 , Harris hip score was 91.1 and forgotten joint score was 83.1 . Six ( 3.7 % ) intraoperative complications and six ( 3.7 % ) postoperative complications were reported . No leg length discrepancies ( LLDs ) or dislocations were reported . CONCLUSIONS Robotic-arm-assisted THA demonstrates favourable short-term outcomes and does not result in a higher complication rate compared to non-robotic THA as reported by the literature AIM Robotic assisted total hip arthroplasty  remains controversial , since wider exposure of the proximal femur and placement of the leg in maximal hip adduction and external rotation using a rigid leg-holder apparatus may impair significantly the hip abductors . Consequently , it is the purpose of this study to analyse and report both clinical outcome and hip abductor function following robotic assisted versus conventional total hip arthroplasty . MATERIAL AND METHODS 36 robotic-assisted ( CASPAR , Orto-Maquet , Rastatt , Germany ) and 35 conventional cementless total hip arthroplasties  were followed on average for 18 months regarding incidence of complications , Harris hip score , the scoring system according to Merle d'Aubigné and Postel , hip abductor function ( using a spring-balance ) , and incidence of Trendelenburg 's sign ( according to the Kuhfuss-classification ) . Statistical analysis was performed in case of continuous data using the t test and the Mann-Whitney test , respectively , and in case of categorical data using Fisher 's exact test and the chi-squared test , respectively . The level of significance was set as p < 0.05 . RESULTS Average duration of surgery ( CASPAR : 100.6 min ; conventional : 51.5 min ; p < 0.0001 ) as well as average loss of haemoglobin ( CASPAR : 4.5 mg/dL ; conventional : 3.3 mg/dL ; p = 0.0002 ) differed significantly , whereas the incidence of complications ( CASPAR : two dislocations , one sciatic paresis , one deep infection ; conventional : one dislocation , two fissures ) , revision rate ( CASPAR : 5.6 % ; conventional : 2.9 % ) , and incidence of heterotopic ossifications ( CASPAR : 30.6 % ; conventional : 17.1 % ) was comparable following both procedures ( p > 0.05 ) . Improvement of the Harris hip score also was comparable in both groups ( CASPAR : 40.9 to 86.1 points ; conventional : 39.5 to 88.0 points ; p = 0.21 ) , whereas improvement of the score according to Merle d'Aubigné and Postel was significantly greater following the manual procedure ( CASPAR : 10.1 to 16.0 points ; conventional : 8.3 to 16.6 points ; p < 0.0001 ) . Differences between the two groups were also significant regarding hip abductor function ( CASPAR : 76.1 % ; conventional : 93.8 % of the contralateral hip ; p < 0.0001 ) and incidence of Trendelenburg 's sign ( CASPAR : 61.1 % ; conventional : 25.7 % ; p = 0.0014 ) . CONCLUSION The significant functional impairment following robotic assisted THA should be taken critically into consideration prior to initiating such procedure Robot-assisted Total Knee Arthroplasty ( TKA ) improves the accuracy and precision of component implantation and mechanical axis ( MA ) alignment . Joint-line restoration in robot-assisted TKA is not widely described and joint-line deviation of>5 mm results in mid-flexion instability and poor outcomes . We prospect ively r and omised 60 patients into two groups : 31 patients ( robot-assisted ) , 29 patients ( conventional ) .  No MA outliers ( > ±3 ° from neutral ) or notching was noted in the robot-assisted group as compared with 19.4 % ( P=0.049 ) and 10.3 % ( P=0.238 ) respectively in the conventional group . The robot-assisted group had 3.23 % joint-line outliers ( > 5 mm ) as compared to 20.6 % in the conventional group ( P=0.049 ) . Robot-assisted TKA produces similar short-term clinical outcomes when compared to conventional methods with reduction of MA alignment and joint-line deviation outliers Background The benefits of robotic techniques for implanting femoral components during THA are still controversial . Questions / Purpose sThe purpose of this study was to prospect ively compare the results and complications of robotic-assisted and h and -rasping stem implantation techniques . Method The minimum followup was 5 years ( mean , 67 months ; range , 60–85 months ) . One hundred forty-six primary THAs on 130 patients were included in this study .  Robot-assisted primary THA was performed on 75 hips and a h and -rasping technique was used on 71 hips . Results At 2 and 3 years postoperatively , the Japanese Orthopaedic Association ( JOA ) clinical score was slightly better in the robotic-assisted group . At 5 years followup , however , the differences were not significant . Postoperative limb lengths of the robotic-milling group had significantly less variance than the h and -rasping group . At 2 years postoperatively , there was significantly more stress shielding of the proximal femur in the h and -rasping group ; this difference was more significant 5 years postoperatively . Conclusions Substantially more precise implant positioning seems to have led to less variance in limb-length ine quality and less stress shielding of the proximal femur 5 years postoperatively . Level of Evidence Level II , therapeutic study . See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence Purported advantages of total hip arthroplasty performed with minimally invasive surgical ( MIS ) approaches are less muscle damage and faster recovery . There are little data scientifically evaluating these cl aims . Twenty-four consecutive hips were r and omized to total hip arthroplasty through 1 of 3 MIS approaches ( 2-incision , mini-posterior , and mini-anterolateral ) . Each patient underwent preoperative and postoperative gait analysis . Gait parameters included vertical ground reaction force , velocity , single-leg stance time , limb-loading rate , and abductor torque . All 3 groups demonstrated overall improvements in gait parameters at 6 weeks postoperatively . The anterolateral approach patients showed a decrease in the vertical ground reaction force at mid-stance , whereas the 2-incision and posterior approaches demonstrated no significant change . These results fail to demonstrate any significant advantage of the 2-incision approach over the posterior approach in kinetic gait parameters . Furthermore , the anterolateral approach demonstrates a gait pattern consistent with abductor muscle injury in the early recovery period , despite the MIS approach Abstract Background : Recently , two topical issues in total hip arthroplasty ( THA ) have been robot-assisted surgery and use of a short stem . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of robotic milling on the accuracy of short femoral stem positioning and on the short-term clinical outcome in THA using a prospect i ve , r and omized design . Methods : We r and omized 54 patients into two groups , either robotic milling group or manual rasping group .  The patients were assessed clinical ly and radiographically at 8 weeks , 5 months , 12 months , and 24 months . Results : Robotic milling group had a significantly longer operation time , requiring on average 8.9 min for registration and 11.2 min for milling . On the other h and , robotic milling group showed superior results in terms of stem alignment and leg length e quality . Two intraoperative femoral fractures occurred only in manual rasping group . Harris hip scores and WOMAC scores at 24 months postoperatively were similar in both groups . No complications including stem loosening , infection , nerve palsy , or dislocation were encountered in either group during the follow-up period . Conclusions : The present study suggested that robot-assisted short stem THA could increase the accuracy of stem alignment , improve leg length e quality , and help reduce the risk of intraoperative femoral fracture as compared with manual rasping . However , the clinical outcome scores did not differ between the two groups at the time of short-term follow-up . Long-term follow-up is needed to determine whether there will be a long-term clinical relevance of robot-assisted implantation of short femoral stems in THA BACKGROUND Recently , two topical issues in total hip arthroplasty ( THA ) have been robot-assisted surgery and use of a short stem . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of robotic milling on the accuracy of short femoral stem positioning and on the short-term clinical outcome in THA using a prospect i ve , r and omized design . METHODS We r and omized 54 patients into two groups , either robotic milling group or manual rasping group .  The patients were assessed clinical ly and radiographically at 8 weeks , 5 months , 12 months , and 24 months . RESULTS Robotic milling group had a significantly longer operation time , requiring on average 8.9 min for registration and 11.2 min for milling . On the other h and , robotic milling group showed superior results in terms of stem alignment and leg length e quality . Two intraoperative femoral fractures occurred only in manual rasping group . Harris hip scores and WOMAC scores at 24 months postoperatively were similar in both groups . No complications including stem loosening , infection , nerve palsy , or dislocation were encountered in either group during the follow-up period . CONCLUSIONS The present study suggested that robot-assisted short stem THA could increase the accuracy of stem alignment , improve leg length e quality , and help reduce the risk of intraoperative femoral fracture as compared with manual rasping . However , the clinical outcome scores did not differ between the two groups at the time of short-term follow-up . Long-term follow-up is needed to determine whether there will be a long-term clinical relevance of robot-assisted implantation of short femoral stems in THA In this prospect i ve study we compared clinical and radiological results and rehabilitation progress of 64 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty using the st and ard lateral approach with 64 patients operated with a minimal-invasive ( MIS ) posterior approach .  The outcome of our study did not show any significant differences with regard to patient 's safety such as complication rate and radiological assessment of the cup position . There was no difference in the duration of surgery , blood loss , hospital stay and postoperative leg length discrepancy . Rehabilitation milestones were achieved earlier by MIS patients and three and six months postoperatively , the Harris Hip Score of the MIS group was significantly higher Studies suggest that  total hip arthroplasty ( THA )  performed through direct anterior ( DA ) approach has better functional outcomes than other surgical approaches . The immediate to very early outcomes of DA THA are not known . A prospect i ve , r and omized study examined the very early outcome of THA performed through DA versus direct lateral approach . The functional outcomes on day 1 , day 2 , week 6 , week 12 , 6 months , and 1 year were measured . Patients receiving DA THA  had significantly higher functional scores during the early period following surgery . The difference in functional scores leveled out at 6 months BACKGROUND AIMS Evaluation of : 1 . early clinical and radiographic results of  total hip arthroplasty ( THA ) through a st and ard lateral direct approach , 2 . early clinical and radiographic results of THA through a minimal lateral approach , 3 . comparison of the results of THA in these two groups . MATERIAL AND METHODS 120 THAs ( 60 cementless and 60 cemented ) done in 120 patients due to degenerative changes were evaluated prospect ively . 60 THAs were done through a minimal lateral approach and constituted a study group . 60 THAs were done through a direct lateral approach and constituted a control group . The mean age of the 120 patients ( 98 women and 22 men ) was 45 y.o . ( range : 32 - 67 y.o . ) . The duration of follow-up in the study group was from 6 to 12 months ( mean : 8.5 months ) . The duration of follow-up in the control group was from 10 to 16 months ( mean : 10.5 months ) . Mean preoperative functional status of the study group was 44.5 points according to the Harris hip score . Radiographic evaluation of the results was done according to the criteria of the Joint Committee of the Hip Society , AAOS and SICOT . RESULTS 6 months after THA , clinical results were 92 pts in the study group and 88 pts in the control group . Radiographic outcomes were very good in all 120 patients from both arms : there were no differences between the control and study group . The incidence of complications was similar in both groups . CONCLUSIONS Minimally invasive THA demonstrated its value in the treatment of  degenerative changes of the hip joint  with regard to short-term outcomes . The clinical and radiographic outcomes were comparable between the st and ard and minimally invasive approaches . Success with THA using a minimally invasive approach depends on excellent operative technique and experience with st and ard hip approaches rather than on the use of special instruments Background For total hip arthroplasty ( THA ) , minimally invasive surgery ( MIS ) uses a smaller incision and less muscle dissection than the classic approach ( CLASS ) , and may lead to faster rehabilitation . Questions / purpose sDoes minimally invasive hip arthroplasty result in superior clinical outcomes ? Patients and Methods In this double-blind r and omized controlled trial , 120 consecutive primary noncemented THAs in 120 patients were assigned to one of two groups ( MIS or CLASS ) . The r and omization sequence was stratified for two groups of surgeons , ie , those using a posterolateral approach ( PL-CLASS or PL-MIS ) and those using an anterolateral approach ( AL-CLASS or AL-MIS ) . Length of the incisions was 18 cm for the CLASS procedures . MIS incisions were extended at the skin level to 18 cm at the end of the procedure . The primary end point was the Harris hip score ( HHS ) at 6 weeks postoperatively . Patient-centered question naires were obtained preoperatively and after 6 weeks and 1 year . Results For the patients in the MIS group ( average 7.8 cm incision length ) , statistically significant increased mean HHSs were seen compared with the CLASS group at 6 weeks and 1 year . This difference was small and mainly caused by the favorable results of the PL-MIS . In the MIS group , surgical time was longer . A learning curve was observed based on operation time and complication rate . Although not statistically significant , the perioperative complication rate was rather high in the ( anterolateral ) MIS group . Conclusions The minimal invasive approach in THA did not show a clinical ly relevant superior outcome in the first postoperative year . Level of Evidence Level I , therapeutic study . See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence Increasing evidence suggests performing  total knee arthroplasty  using computer navigation can lead to more accurate surgical positioning of the components and knee alignment compared to a conventional operating technique without computer assistance . The use of robotic technology could theoretically take this accuracy one level further because it uses navigation in combination with ultimate mechanical precision , which could eliminate or reduce the inevitable margin of error during mechanical preparation of the bony cuts of total knee arthroplasty by the surgeon . We prospect ively followed 25 consecutive cases using an active surgical robot . The minimum followup was 5.1 years ( mean , 5.5 years ; range , 5.1 - 5.8 years ) . Our results demonstrate excellent implant positioning and alignment was achieved within the 1 ° error of neutral alignment in all three planes in all cases . Despite this technical precision , the excessive operating time required for the robotic implantation , the technical complexity of the system , and the extremely high operational costs have led us to ab and on this procedure and direct our interest more toward smart semiactive robotic systems . Level of Evidence : Level IV , therapeutic study . See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence Minimally invasive total hip arthroplasty ( MIS THA ) aims at minimizing damage to muscles and tendons to accelerate postoperative recovery . Computer navigation allows a precise prosthesis alignment without complete visualization of the bony l and marks during MIS THA . A r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a computer-navigated MIS anterior approach for THA compared to a conventional posterolateral THA technique on the restoration of physical functioning during recovery following surgery . Thirty-five patients underwent computer-navigated MIS THA via the anterior approach , and 40 patients underwent conventional THA using the conventional posterolateral approach .  Gait analysis was performed preoperatively , 6 weeks , and 3 and 6 months postoperatively using a body-fixed-sensor based gait analysis system . Walking speed , step length , cadence , and frontal plane angular movements of the pelvis and thorax were assessed . The same data were obtained from 30 healthy subjects . No differences were found in the recovery of spatiotemporal parameters or in angular movements of the pelvis and thorax following the computer-navigated MIS anterior approach or the conventional posterolateral approach . Although gait improved after surgery , small differences in several spatiotemporal parameters and angular movements of the trunk remained at 6 months postoperatively between both patient groups and healthy subjects Introduction : A functional total knee replacement has to be well aligned , which implies that it should lie along the mechanical axis and in the correct axial and rotational planes . Incorrect alignment will lead to abnormal wear , early mechanical loosening , and patellofemoral problems . There has been increased interest of late in total knee arthroplasty with robotic assistance . This study was conducted to determine whether robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty is superior to the conventional surgical method with regard to the precision of implant positioning . Material s and Methods : Twenty knee replacements , comprising ten robot-assisted procedures and ten conventional operations , were performed on ten cadavers . Two experienced surgeons performed the surgeries . Both procedures on each cadaver were performed by the same surgeon . The choice of which procedure was to be performed first was r and omized . Following implantation of the prosthesis , the mechanical axis deviation , femoral coronal angle , tibial coronal angle , femoral sagittal angle , tibial sagittal angle , and femoral rotational alignment were measured via 3D CT scanning . These variables were then compared with the preoperatively planned values . Results : In the knees that underwent robot-assisted surgery , the mechanical axis deviation ranged from −1.94 ° to 2.13 ° ( mean : −0.21 ° ) , the femoral coronal angle from 88.08 ° to 90.99 ° ( mean : 89.81 ° ) , the tibial coronal angle from 89.01 ° to 92.36 ° ( mean : 90.42 ° ) , the tibial sagittal angle from 81.72 ° to 86.24 ° ( mean : 83.20 ° ) , and the femoral rotational alignment from 0.02 ° to 1.15 ° ( mean : 0.52 ° ) in relation to the transepicondylar axis . In the knees that underwent conventional surgery  , the mechanical axis deviation ranged from −3.19 ° to 3.84 ° ( mean : −0.48 ° ) , the femoral coronal angle from 88.36 ° to 92.29 ° ( mean : 90.50 ° ) , the tibial coronal angle from 88.15 ° to 91.51 ° ( mean : 89.83 ° ) , the tibial sagittal angle from 80.06 ° to 87.34 ° ( mean : 84.50 ° ) , and the femoral rotational alignment from 0.32 ° to 4.13 ° ( mean : 2.76 ° ) in relation to the transepicondylar axis . In the conventional knee replacement group , there were two instances of outliers outside the range of 3 ° varus/valgus for the mechanical axis deviation . The robot-assisted knee replacements showed significantly superior femoral rotational alignment results compared with conventional surgery ( p = 0.006 ) . There was no statistically significant difference between robot-assisted and conventional total knee arthroplasty with regard to the other variables . All the measurements showed high intra-observer and inter-observer reliability . Conclusion : Robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty showed excellent precision in the sagittal and coronal planes of the 3D CT scan . In particular , the robot-assisted technique showed better accuracy in femoral rotational alignment compared to the conventional surgery , despite the fact that the surgeons who performed the operations were more experienced and familiar with the conventional method than with robot-assisted surgery . It can thus be concluded that robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty is superior to conventional total knee arthroplasty The accuracy and efficiency of automated cutting guides in CAS systems have not been previously compared with conventional CAS techniques . Therefore , it is not yet clear if these more advanced technologies are warranted . We hypothesized that a novel automated cutting guide with CAS for total knee arthroplasty would be more efficient and more accurate than conventional navigation with sequential cutting blocks . Twelve cadaver legs were used in total . Each leg was r and omly assigned to either an automated guide positioning or a conventional freeh and computer-navigated guide positioning . The guide positions postosseous fixation and the final bone-cut surfaces were digitized and compared to the targeted cutting planes . The final location of the impacted trial implant was also digitized and compared to the planned implant location . The time for each step and the total time taken to prepare the femur were measured for both groups . The mean femoral preparation time was shorter with the automated cutting guide than the conventional method ( 5.5 min versus 13.8 min , p<0.001 ) . The average deviation in the final bone resections from the planned resections was significantly lower for the automated cutting guide in the frontal/rotational plane ( 0.55 ° versus 1.1 ° ) , sagittal plane ( 0.75 ° versus 2.0 ° ) , and cut height direction ( 0.56 mm versus 1.6 mm ) . Therefore , based on these results , we concluded that automated cutting-guide positioning result ed in more efficient and more accurate femoral cuts in comparison to the conventional navigation method in a cadaveric model BACKGROUND Robotic-assisted total hip replacement  has become a common method of implantation , especially in Europe . It frequently has been postulated that robotic reaming would result in an improved clinical outcome due to the better fit of the prosthesis , but that has never been demonstrated in a prospect i ve study , to our knowledge . The purpose of this study was to compare robotic-assisted implantation of a total hip replacement with conventional manual implantation . METHODS One hundred and fifty-four patients scheduled for total hip replacement were r and omly assigned to undergo either conventional manual implantation of an S-ROM prosthesis ( eighty patients ) or robotic-assisted implantation of such a prosthesis ( seventy-four patients ) . The five-axis ROBODOC was used for the robotic-assisted procedures . Preoperatively as well as at three , six , twelve , and twenty-four months after surgery , the scores according to the Harris and Merle d'Aubigné systems and the Mayo clinical score were determined . Radiographs made at these intervals were analyzed for evidence of loosening , prosthetic alignment , and heterotopic ossification . RESULTS Thirteen ( 18 % ) of the seventy-four attempted robotic implantations had to be converted to manual implantations as a result of failure of the system . The duration of the robotic procedures  was longer than that of the manual procedures ( mean and st and ard deviation,107.1 + /- 29.1 compared with 82.4 + /- 23.4 minutes , p < 0.001 ) . Limb-length e quality ( mean discrepancy , 0.18 + /- 0.30 compared with 0.96 + /- 0.93 cm , p < 0.001 ) and varus-valgus orientation of the stem ( mean angle between the femur and the shaft of the prosthesis , 0.34 degrees + /- 0.67 degrees compared with 0.84 degrees + /- 1.23 degrees , p < 0.001 ) were better after the robotic procedures . At six months , slightly more heterotopic ossification was seen in the group treated with robotic implantation . The group treated with robotic implantation had a better Mayo clinical score at six and twelve months and a better Harris score at twelve months ; however , by twenty-four months , no difference was found between the groups with regard to any of the three scores . Dislocation was more frequent in the group treated with robotic implantation : it occurred in eleven of the sixty-one patients in that group compared with three of eighty in the other group ( p < 0.001 ) . Recurrent dislocation and pronounced limping were indications for revision surgery in eight of the sixty-one patients treated with robotic implantation compared with none of the seventy-eight ( excluding two with revision for infection ) treated with manual insertion ( p < 0.001 ) . Rupture of the gluteus medius tendon was observed during all of the revision operations . CONCLUSIONS The robotic-assisted technology had advantages in terms of preoperative planning and the accuracy of the intraoperative procedure . Disadvantages were the high revision rate ; the amount of muscle damage , which we believe was responsible for the higher dislocation rate ; and the longer duration of surgery . This technology must be further developed before its widespread usage can be justified BACKGROUND Minimally invasive prosthetic hip surgery ( MIS ) attempts to minimise the extent of the operation . The aim of the study was to describe minimally invasive hip surgery and to present early clinical experience of the authors . MATERIAL AND METHODS 41 minimally invasive hip replacements through a posterior approach were carried out at the Orthopaedic Department of the Postgraduate Medical Education Centre in Otwock between 2004 and 2006 . 29 of those patients were included into the study , of whom 23 presented for follow-up . A control group consisted of 29 r and omly selected patients operated on using the classical method . Patients qualified for MIS had a BMI below 30 and a structurally normal hip joint with a good range of motion .  RESULTS Early results were subjected to a statistical analysis of 20 parameters . CONCLUSION 1 . The analysis showed that statistically significant baseline differences between MIS and traditionally treated patients included only BMI scores , structure of the hip joint and range of motion . 2 . Implantation of a hip endoprosthesis in a MIS procedure does not differ from the traditional operation utilising a posterior access except for skin incision length
Moreover , postoperative complications ( eg , dislocation and revision surgery ) were less frequent in the CM group than in the RA group .
Conclusion Compared with the CM approach , the RA approach yields better radiological outcomes and fewer intraoperative complications in THA , but similar functional scores
Abstract Background Several studies have compared robotics‐assisted ( RA ) and conventional manual ( CM ) approaches for total hip arthroplasty ( THA ) , but their results are controversial .