Association between weight perception and psychological distress Systematic review of interventions in the management of overweight and obese children which include a dietary component. Psychobehavioural Factors Are More Strongly Associated with Successful Weight Management Than Predetermined Satiety Effect or Other Characteristics of Diet Systematic review of interventions in the management of overweight and obese children which include a dietary component Socioeconomic status and weight control practices in British adults. Does Knowing Hurt? Perceiving Oneself as Overweight Predicts Future Physical Health and Well-Being The impact of self-efficacy on behavior change and weight change among overweight participants in a weight loss trial. Characteristics of successful and unsuccessful dieters: An application of signal detection methodology Helpful or harmful? Prospective association between weight misperception and weight gain among overweight and obese adolescents and young adults Factors related to weight loss behavior in a multiracial/ethnic workforce. Weight Control Measures among University Students in a Developing Country: A Cultural Association or a Risk Behavior Prevalence of attempting weight loss and strategies for controlling weight. Results from an Online Computer-Tailored Weight Management Intervention for Overweight Adults: Randomized Controlled Trial Well-being and morbid obesity in women: a controlled therapy evaluation. Perceived weight in youths and risk of overweight or obesity six years later. Body-weight perception and related preoccupations in a large national sample of adolescents. The influence of a behavioral weight management program on disordered eating attitudes and behaviors in children with overweight.
Background : Obesity is a well-known cause of cardiovascular disease burden and premature death , but effects on depressive symptoms remain equivocal . Depressive symptoms may be more common among the obese individuals who perceive themselves as overweight , rather than those who perceive themselves as having an acceptable weight . Our aim was to determine whether weight status and weight perceptions are independently associated with psychological distress . Methods : We conducted a cross-sectional study  using data from the Australian National Health Survey 2004–2005 ( N=17 253 ) . All variables were collected by self-report . Adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to generate prevalence odds ratios with 95 % confidence intervals ( 95 % CI ) for medium ( Kessler Psychological Distress Scale ( K10 ) scores of 20–29 ) and high ( K10 scores of 30–50 ) psychological distress ( compared with K10 scores of 10–19 as the reference ) associated with weight status ( st and ard body mass index ( BMI ) cutoffs for underweight , overweight and obesity vs normal weight ) , weight perception ( perceived underweight and overweight vs acceptable weight ) and weight misperception ( incorrect with BMI vs correct with BMI ) adjusting for numerous important covariates . Results : Overweight and underweight perception increased the odds of medium ( 40 and 50 % ) and high ( 50 and 120 % ) psychological distress , whereas weight status and weight misperception were not associated with psychological distress in adjusted analysis . Gender , alcohol consumed per week and post-school education were not significant covariates ( at P<0.10 level ) . Conclusions : Overweight and underweight perception rather than weight status or weight misperception are significant risk factors associated with medium and high psychological distress prevalence and effects appear to be uniform for men and women . Well- design ed prospect i ve studies are still needed to determine whether weight perceptions cause psychological distress , and if so , whether symptoms are significantly reduced following effective intervention Background The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is increasing at an alarming rate around the world and prevention has become a key public health objective . Treatment and management of those already overweight and obese must be aligned with the best available evidence on effectiveness , if the risk of obesity-related morbidity and mortality is yet be reduced . Diet plays a pivotal role in successful treatment of obesity but to date , there is limited evidence on which to base practice . Objectives To identify and present the best available evidence on the optimal dietetic treatment and management of children and adolescent who are overweight or obese . Search strategy Published English language literature was search ed using the electronic data bases CINAHL , MEDLINE , PRE- MEDLINE , DARE , COCHRANE , EMBASE , AUSTROM , Current Concepts and Dissertation Abstract s. The data bases were limited to English Language from 1975 until 2003 . Government reports from the UK , USA and Australian were also search ed and a h and search performed for the Journal of the Dietitians Association of Australia , International Journal of Obesity and the Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics and the bibliographies of retrieved articles . Selection criteria ( i ) Interventions that evaluated the effectiveness of nutrition or dietary interventions to treat or manage overweight and obesity ; ( ii ) Children aged less than 18 years ; and ( iii ) Participants were defined as overweight or obese by relative weight or a measure of body weight status , studies that reported body weight per se were excluded . Data collection and analysis An experienced professional librarian search ed the data bases , and two trained research assistants independently identified studies for retrieval and assessed each article for inclusion . The included studies were critically appraised for method ological quality by two people independently . Data were extracted from the appropriate articles and when a discrepancy arose , a third party would arbitrate . Main results There were 116 articles that met the inclusion criteria . While 49 articles described r and omised controlled trials , they arose from 37 separate studies . There were 67 non-r and omised trials . Meta-analyses were performed on eight studies that included both a dietary intervention component and an adequate control group and on four studies that had follow-up data . There was a high degree of heterogeneity between studies and this made comparisons between studies problematic . Interventions that include diet therapy generally result in significant weight loss , at least in the short term . Many studies were poorly design ed and had no or only minimal follow up . The details of the dietary intervention were often inadequately described and dietary outcomes rarely reported , making repetition of the studies difficult . Review ers ' conclusions There is an urgent need for high quality studies investigating the optimal dietary approach to management of paediatric overweight and obesity . These studies require adequate follow up to ascertain if weight loss can be sustained in the long term . Details of the dietary prescription , adherence to the dietary intervention and diet-specific outcomes need to be reported in order to inform best practice This study aim ed to investigate factors associated with weight management , especially whether satiety value of food as a part of a weight-maintenance diet would affect self-regulation of food intake and weight management . Altogether 82 obese subjects completed the study consisting of weight-loss and weight-maintenance ( WM ) periods . During the WM , subjects were r and omized into higher- and lower-satiety food groups . No differences were observed in the changes in body weight , energy intake , or eating behaviour between the groups , even despite the different macronutrient compositions of the diets . However , when regarding all study subjects , success in WM was most strongly associated with a greater increase in the flexible control of eating and experience of greater easiness of WM and control of food intake and a greater decrease in uncontrollable eating and psychological distress . Psychobehavioural factors seem to be more strongly associated with successful weight management than the predetermined satiety effect or other characteristics of the diet Background The prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents is increasing at an alarming rate around the world and prevention has become a key public health objective . Treatment and management of those already overweight and obese must be aligned with the best available evidence on effectiveness , if the risk of obesity‐related morbidity and mortality is yet be reduced . Diet plays a pivotal role in successful treatment of obesity but to date , there is limited evidence on which to base practice . Objectives To identify and present the best available evidence on the optimal dietetic treatment and management of children and adolescent who are overweight or obese . Search strategy Published English language literature was search ed using the electronic data bases CINAHL , MEDLINE , PRE‐ MEDLINE , DARE , COCHRANE , EMBASE , AUSTROM , Current Concepts and Dissertation Abstract s. The data bases were limited to English Language from 1975 until 2003 . Government reports from the UK , USA and Australian were also search ed and a h and search performed for the Journal of the Dietitians Association of Australia , International Journal of Obesity and the Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics and the bibliographies of retrieved articles . Selection criteria ( i ) Interventions that evaluated the effectiveness of nutrition or dietary interventions to treat or manage overweight and obesity ; ( ii ) Children aged less than 18 years ; and ( iii ) Participants were defined as overweight or obese by relative weight or a measure of body weight status , studies that reported body weight per se were excluded . Data collection and analysis An experienced professional librarian search ed the data bases , and two trained research assistants independently identified studies for retrieval and assessed each article for inclusion . The included studies were critically appraised for method ological quality by two people independently . Data were extracted from the appropriate articles and when a discrepancy arose , a third party would arbitrate . Main results There were 116 articles that met the inclusion criteria . While 49 articles described r and omised controlled trials , they arose from 37 separate studies . There were 67 non‐r and omised trials . Meta‐analyses were performed on eight studies that included both a dietary intervention component and an adequate control group and on four studies that had follow‐up data . There was a high degree of heterogeneity between studies and this made comparisons between studies problematic . Interventions that include diet therapy generally result in significant weight loss , at least in the short term . Many studies were poorly design ed and had no or only minimal follow up . The details of the dietary intervention were often inadequately described and dietary outcomes rarely reported , making repetition of the studies difficult . Review ers ' conclusions There is an urgent need for high quality studies investigating the optimal dietary approach to management of paediatric  overweight and obesity . These studies require adequate follow up to ascertain if weight loss can be sustained in the long term . Details of the dietary prescription , adherence to the dietary intervention and diet‐specific outcomes need to be reported in order to inform best practice STUDY OBJECTIVE Attitudes and practice s concerning weight control in British adults were examined to test the hypothesis that variation in concern about weight and deliberate weight control might partly explain the socioeconomic status ( SES ) gradient in obesity . Higher SES groups were hypothesised to show more weight concern and higher levels of dieting . SETTING Data were collected as part of the monthly Omnibus Survey of the Office of National Statistics in March 1999 . PARTICIPANTS A stratified , probability sample of 2690 households was selected by r and om sampling of addresses in Britain . One r and omly selected person in each household was interviewed at their home . MAIN RESULTS As predicted , higher SES men and women had higher levels of perceived overweight , monitored their weight more closely , and were more likely to be trying to lose weight . Higher SES groups also reported more restrictive dietary practice s and more vigorous physical activity . CONCLUSIONS The results are consistent with the idea that part of the protection against weight gain in higher SES groups could be a higher frequency of weight monitoring , a lower threshold for defining themselves as overweight , and a greater likelihood of deliberate efforts at weight control Identifying oneself as being overweight may be associated with adverse health outcomes , yet prospect i ve tests of this possibility are lacking . Over 7 years , we examined associations between perceptions of being overweight and subsequent health in a sample of 3,582 U.S. adults . Perceiving oneself as being overweight predicted longitudinal declines in subjective health ( d = −0.22 , p < .001 ) , increases in depressive symptoms ( d = 0.09 , p < .05 ) , and raised levels of physiological dysregulation ( d = 0.24 , p < .001 ) , as gauged by clinical indicators of cardiovascular , inflammatory , and metabolic functioning . These associations remained after controlling for a range of potential confounders and were observed irrespective of whether perceptions of being overweight were accurate or inaccurate . This research highlights the possibility that identifying oneself as overweight may act independently of body mass index to contribute to unhealthy profiles of physiological functioning and impaired health over time . These findings underscore the importance of evaluating whether weight-feedback interventions may have unforeseen adverse consequences Despite considerable clinical interest , attempts to link perceived self-efficacy with successful weight control have had mixed success . Definitive data on prospect i ve associations between self-efficacy and weight loss are particularly sparse . This study examined relationships between self-efficacy beliefs , weight control behaviors , and weight change among individuals participating in a weight loss trial ( N = 349 , 87 % women ) . Cross-sectionally , eating and exercise self-efficacy beliefs were strongly associated with corresponding weight loss behaviors . Self-efficacy beliefs prospect ively predicted weight control behavior and weight change during active treatment but not during follow-up . Mediational models indicate that people 's weight control behaviors mediate the impact of self-efficacy on weight change Signal detection methods were used to identify predictors of successful weight loss in 177 mildly to moderately overweight women and men assigned to one of two weight-loss programs . Predictors included initial demographic , physiological , behavioral , and psychosocial characteristics , and program type ( e.g. diet-only and diet-plus-exercise ) . Successful weight loss was defined as a loss of at least two units of body mass index at one year . Four subgroups were identified . Participants in the diet-plus-exercise program who were initially more satisfied with their bodies and did not have a history of repeated weight loss were most likely to succeed ( 63 % succeeded ) . In contrast , participants assigned to the diet-plus-exercise program who were either extremely dissatisfied with their bodies or who had a history of repeated weight loss were at similar risk for failure as participants in the diet-only program ( only 26 % to 35 % succeeded ) . The results underscore the potential utility of exploring these subgroups further to inform the development of new treatment strategies to increase the likelihood of success Background / Objective : Weight misperception is common among adolescents with obesity , but it is not known whether weight perception is related to future weight gain . The objective of the study was to examine the prospect i ve association between accurate weight perception versus weight misperception and weight change among youth who are overweight or obese . Subjects/ Methods : Using a sub sample of The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health Wave II cohort , we used linear regression modeling ( adjusted for age , baseline body mass index ( BMI ) , parental education , household percent federal poverty level , depression , race and ethnicity ) to examine the prospect i ve association between weight misperception ( that is , perceiving oneself to be under or normal weight ) among 2738 overweight and obese youth and subsequent BMI change from Wave II ( 1996 ) to Wave IV ( 2008–2009 ) . Mean age at baseline ( Wave II ) was 15.9 ( 0.1 ) . Results : Fifty-seven percent of males and 80 % of females accurately perceived themselves as overweight . In fully adjusted models , weight misperception was associated with less BMI gain among youth who were overweight and obese . Specifically , youth who perceived themselves to be at a healthy weight had lower BMI gains ( males : β= −1.43 , 95 % confidence interval (CI)=(−2.26 , −0.60 ) , P=0.001 ; females : β= −1.35 , 95 % CI=(−2.59 , −0.11 ) , P=0.035 ) from Wave II to IV relative to those who accurately perceived themselves as overweight or obese . Conclusions : Contrary to commonly held assumptions , weight misperception among a non- clinical sample of youth who were overweight or obese predicted lower future weight gain . Efficacy of efforts to correct weight misperception should be rigorously examined to assess for both intended and unintended consequences OBJECTIVES We examined whether factors associated with attempting to lose weight in a hospital-based employee workforce varied by race/ethnicity . METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey in 6 hospitals in a health system in central Massachusetts . The stratified r and om sample included 813 employees ; men and and non-White employees were over sample d. The primary outcome measure was current evidence -based weight loss attempts . RESULTS Factors positively associated with attempting to lose weight among non-Hispanic Blacks included self-perceived overweight , female sex , higher education , physician recommendation to lose weight , and having a chronic medical condition . Among Hispanics , body mass index and self-perceived overweight were associated with attempts to lose weight , while working full time and second or third shift were associated with lower likelihood of weight loss attempts . Among non-Hispanic Whites , self-perceived overweight , female sex , higher education , and physician recommendation to lose weight were positively associated with attempting to lose weight , while working full time and working third shift were negatively associated . CONCLUSIONS Rates of overweight and obesity were high among hospital employees . Findings suggest that factors associated with attempting to lose weight vary across racial and ethnic groups . Workplace-based interventions for weight control should include strategies tailored to these differences Objective : The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence of university students , in Lebanon , trying to lose weight and assess the relation of trying to lose weight with demographic , scholastic and health behavioral factors . Methods : The study was cross-sectional conducted in the academic year 2000–2001 . A proportionate r and om sample of 2,013 students was selected among five public and private universities in Beirut . Participants completed a self-administered anonymous question naire that included questions on trying to lose weight , demographic , scholastic , and health behavioral factors including smoking , alcohol , and seat belt use . Bivariate and stepwise logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the association between trying to lose weight and the above-mentioned characteristics . Results : The overall prevalence of students trying to lose weight was 30 % , with 71 % of them being under weight or normal weight . Use of medications and inducement of vomiting constituted 12 % and 11 % , respectively . Stepwise logistic regression analysis showed that the variables significantly associated with trying to lose weight were socio-economical factors rather than risky behaviors . Students who were at increased odds of performing such methods were females OR = ( 2.08 , 95 % CI = 1.6–2.5 ) , employed ( OR = 1.36 , 95 % CI = 1.01–1.8 ) , and registered in a private university ( OR = 1.69 , 95 % CI = 1.25–2.0 ) . The major of students was also a significant predictor . Conclusion : In Lebanon , weight reduction could be re-enforced by socio-economical factors and not necessarily be an adolescent risk behavior CONTEXT Overweight and obesity are increasing in the United States . Changes in diet and physical activity are important for weight control . OBJECTIVES To examine the prevalence of attempting to lose or to maintain weight and to describe weight control strategies among US adults . DESIGN The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System , a r and om-digit telephone survey conducted in 1996 by state health departments . Setting The 49 states ( and the District of Columbia ) that participated in the survey . PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 18 years and older ( N = 107 804 ) . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Reported current weights and goal weights , prevalence of weight loss or maintenance attempts , and strategies used to control weight ( eating fewer calories , eating less fat , or using physical activity )  by population subgroup . RESULTS The prevalence of attempting to lose and maintain weight was 28.8 % and 35.1 % among men and 43.6 % and 34.4 % among women , respectively . Among those attempting to lose weight , a common strategy was to consume less fat but not fewer calories ( 34.9 % of men and 40.0 % of women ) ; only 21.5 % of men and 19.4 % of women reported using the recommended combination of eating fewer calories and engaging in at least 150 minutes of leisure-time physical activity per week . Among men trying to lose weight , the median weight was 90.4 kg with a goal weight of 81.4 kg . Among women , the median weight was 70.3 kg with a goal weight of 59.0 kg . CONCLUSIONS Weight loss and weight maintenance are common concerns for US men and women . Most persons trying to lose weight are not using the recommended combination of reducing calorie intake and engaging in leisure-time physical activity 150 minutes or more per week Background Prevention of weight gain has been suggested as an important strategy in the prevention of obesity and people who are overweight are a specifically important group to target . Currently there is a lack of weight gain prevention interventions that can reach large numbers of people . Therefore , we developed an Internet-delivered , computer-tailored weight management intervention for overweight adults . The focus of the intervention was on making small ( 100 kcal per day ) , but sustained changes in dietary intake ( DI ) or physical activity ( PA ) behaviors in order to maintain current weight or achieve modest weight loss . Self-regulation theory was used as the basis of the intervention . Objective This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the computer-tailored intervention in weight-related anthropometric measures ( Body Mass Index , skin folds and waist circumference ) and energy balance-related behaviors ( physical activity ; intake of fat , snacks and sweetened drinks ) in a r and omized controlled trial . Methods The tailored intervention ( TI ) was compared to a generic information website ( GI ) . Participants were 539 overweight adults ( mean age 47.8 years , mean Body Mass Index ( BMI ) 28.04 , 30.9 % male , 10.7 % low educated ) who where recruited among the general population and among employees from large companies by means of advertisements and flyers .  Anthropometric measurements were measured by trained research assistants at baseline and 6-months post-intervention .  DI and PA behaviors were assessed at baseline , 1-month and 6-month post-intervention , using self-reported question naires . Results Repeated measurement analyses showed that BMI remained stable over time and that there were no statistically significant differences between the study groups ( BMI : TI=28.09 , GI=27.61 , P=.09 ) . Similar results were found for waist circumference and skin fold thickness . Amount of physical activity increased and intake of fat , snacks and sweetened drinks decreased during the course of the study , but there were no differences between the study groups ( eg , fat intake : TI=15.4 , GI=15.9 , P=.74 ) . The first module of the tailored intervention was visited by almost all participants , but only 15 % completed all four modules of the tailored intervention , while 46 % completed the three modules of the general information intervention . The tailored intervention was considered more personally relevant ( TI=3.20 , GI=2.83 , P=.001 ) , containing more new information ( TI=3.11 , GI=2.73 , P=.003 ) and having longer texts ( TI=3.20 , GI=3.07 , P=.01 ) , while there were no group differences on other process measures such as attractiveness and comprehensibility of the information ( eg , attractive design : TI=3.22 , GI=3.16 , P=.58 ) . Conclusions The online , computer-tailored weight management intervention result ed in changes in the desired direction , such as stabilization of weight and improvements in dietary intake , but the intervention was not more effective in preventing weight gain or modifying dietary and physical activity behaviors than generic information . A possible reason for the absence of intervention effects is sub-optimal use of the intervention and the self-regulation components . Further research is therefore needed to gain more insight into how the intervention and exposure to its contents can be improved . Trial Registration NTR1862 ; http://apps.who.int/trial search /trial.aspx?trialid = OBJECTIVE Morbidly obese individuals are unlikely to reach and maintain normative weights . Thus , interventions aim ed at alleviating corollary problems , independent of attempts at weight loss , are appropriate . A cognitive group treatment program ( CT ) was developed which incorporated a nondieting approach , regular exercise , and use of alternative coping skills . Weight loss per se was not a focus of the intervention . The purpose of the current work was to evaluate this program in a controlled , comparative treatment outcome study . METHOD Sixty-two obese women with a history of treatment failures were r and omly assigned to the CT program , a behavior therapy weight loss program ( BT ) , or a wait-list control group . RESULTS For CT participants , depression , anxiety , and eating-related psychopathology decreased significantly over the course of treatment while perceptions of self-control increased ; BT and control subjects showed no significant changes in these variables . Women in both active treatment groups lost significant amounts of weight , while members of the control group showed a nonsignificant increase in weight . At 6-month follow-up , treatment benefits were maintained . DISCUSSION Findings suggest that interventions not directly aim ed at weight loss can enhance psychological well-being and thus may be appropriate for some obese women OBJECTIVE To examine the association between perceived overweight in adolescents and the development of overweight or obesity later in life . METHODS This paper uses data from a prospect i ve , two-wave cohort study . Participants are 2445 adolescents 11 - 17years of age who reported perceived weight at baseline and also had height and weight measured at baseline and at follow-up six years later sample d from managed care groups in a large metropolitan area . RESULTS Youths who perceived themselves as overweight at baseline were approximately 2.5 times as likely to be overweight or obese six years later compared to youths who perceived themselves as average weight ( OR=2.45 , 95 % CI=1.77 - 3.39 ) , after adjusting for weight status at baseline , demographic characteristics , major depression , physical activity and dieting behaviors . Those who perceived themselves as skinny were less likely to be overweight or obese later ( OR=0.36 , 95 % CI=0.27 - 0.49 ) . CONCLUSIONS Perceived overweight was associated with overweight or obesity later in life . This relationship was not fully explained by extreme weight control behaviors or major depression . Further research is needed to explore the mechanism involved OBJECTIVES This study aim ed to investigate the association between body-weight ( BW ) perception , weight preoccupation and behaviour , including weight control practice s and compulsive over-eating episodes , across gender and actual BW classes . DESIGN This study used a cross-sectional observational study . PARTICIPANTS A large , nationally representative sample of 6404 ninth- grade French adolescents was r and omly selected from schools throughout France . METHODS Weight and height were measured , and BW preoccupation , BW control practice s and compulsive over-eating  were self-reported using st and ardized question naires . RESULTS Nearly one-third of adolescents misperceived their BW . Misperception was more frequent among girls than boys ( 42.2 % vs. 27.3 % , P < 0.01 ) . Underestimation of BW among overweight adolescents , like BW overestimation among underweight adolescents , was associated with less preoccupation with weight and fewer weight control practice s than accurate perception of BW . Normal weight adolescents who overestimated their BW were more likely to declare weight preoccupations ( ORa = 8.66 [ 6.67 - 11.25 ] ) , dieting ( ORa = 4.81 [ 3.68 - 6.27 ] ) and recurrent compulsive over-eating episodes ( ORa = 2.36 [ 1.72 - 3.23 ] ) compared with their counterparts who correctly estimated their BW . CONCLUSION Our study underlines the role of these associations in each category of actual BW ( underweight , normal weight and overweight ) in a large national sample BACKGROUND Behavioral interventions targeting children with overweight have been successful in facilitating weight loss ; however , there is concern that these programs produce disordered eating attitudes among youth . OBJECTIVE The purpose of this research was to determine whether youth with overweight receiving one of two behavioral interventions  were more likely to report an increase in disordered eating attitudes over time compared to a waitlist control and to determine psychosocial predictors of eating-disordered attitudes at 6-month follow-up . DESIGN Participants were r and omized to one of two behavioral lifestyle interventions or a waitlist control . Data were collected at baseline , post-treatment , and 6-month follow-up . PARTICIPANTS / SETTING Participants were 68 youths with overweight , aged 8 to 13 years , and their parent(s ) who lived in rural north central Florida . The project ran from January 2006 to January 2008 . INTERVENTION Each treatment condition consisted of 12 group sessions over 16 weeks . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Parents completed a demographic form and the Child Feeding Question naire . Children completed the Children 's Eating Attitudes Test , Schwartz Peer Victimization Scale , and Children 's Body Image Scale . STATISTICAL ANALYSES PERFORMED Mixed 2 × 2 analyses of variance were used to examine the effect of treatment on eating attitudes . Hierarchical linear regression was used to assess whether baseline levels of psychosocial variables predicted disordered eating attitudes at follow-up , controlling for baseline eating attitudes and treatment condition . RESULTS Youth who participated in the behavioral interventions did not report significant increases in disordered eating attitudes over time compared to the waitlist control . Across all conditions , higher levels of body dissatisfaction , peer victimization , parent restrictive feeding practice s , and concern for child weight at baseline predicted higher levels of disordered eating attitudes at follow-up . CONCLUSIONS These findings do not provide evidence that behavioral interventions lead to an increase in unhealthy eating attitudes and behaviors . Future research should examine the effects of incorporating eating disorder prevention in pediatric weight management programs
Results indicated that perceived overweight was associated with an increased likelihood of attempting weight loss and with healthy and unhealthy weight control strategies in some participant groups .
However , perceived overweight was not reliably associated with physical activity or healthy eating and was associated with greater disordered eating in some groups .
Rather than being associated with improved weight management , there was consistent evidence that perceived overweight was predictive of increased weight gain over time .
Individuals who perceive their weight status as overweight are more likely to report attempting weight loss but over time gain more weight
It is commonly assumed that a person identifying that they are ' overweight ' is an important prerequisite to successful weight management .
However , there has been no systematic evaluation of evidence supporting this proposition .
The aim of the present research was to systematic ally review evidence on the relationship between perceived overweight and ( i ) weight loss attempts , ( ii )  weight control strategies ( healthy and unhealthy )  , ( iii ) weight-related behaviours ( physical activity and eating habits ) , ( iv ) disordered eating and ( v ) weight change .