Probiotic Supplement Reduces Atopic Dermatitis in Preschool Children Efficacy of Probiotic Therapy on Atopic Dermatitis in Children: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial Effects of Lactobacillus Salivarius LS01 (DSM 22775) Treatment on Adult Atopic Dermatitis: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Study Effect of probiotics on gastrointestinal symptoms and small intestinal permeability in children with atopic dermatitis. Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus strains in children with atopic dermatitis. Effects of probiotics on atopic dermatitis: a randomised controlled trial A mixture of prebiotic oligosaccharides reduces the incidence of atopic dermatitis during the first six months of age Effect of a New Synbiotic Mixture on Atopic Dermatitis in Children: a Randomized-Controlled Trial Effect of Lactobacillus sakei supplementation in children with atopic eczema-dermatitis syndrome. Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis Eczema With a High Concentration of Lactobacillus salivarius LS01 Associated With an Innovative Gelling Complex: A Pilot Study on Adults Predominant genera of fecal microbiota in children with atopic dermatitis are not altered by intake of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bi-07. Protective effect of probiotics in the treatment of infantile eczema. Probiotics and prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides in the prevention of allergic diseases: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Probiotics for Primary Prevention: No Clinical Effects of Lactobacillus GG Supplementation Effect of probiotic mix (Bifidobacterium bifidum, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus) in the primary prevention of eczema: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Changing of Fecal Flora and Clinical Effect of L. salivarius LS01 in Adults With Atopic Dermatitis Reduced occurrence of early atopic dermatitis because of immunoactive prebiotics among low-atopy-risk infants.
Abstract Background : The role of probiotics in the treatment of atopic dermatitis ( AD ) remains controversial . A recent systematic review of the available evidence called for further clinical trials with new probiotic formulations . Objective : To assess the clinical efficacy and impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1 , Bifidobacterium lactis UABLA-12 with fructo-oligosaccharide on peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in preschool children with moderate-to-severe AD . Method : R and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , prospect i ve trial of 90 children aged 1–3 years with moderate-to-severe AD who were treated with a mixture of L. acidophilus DDS-1 , B. lactis UABLA-12 with fructo-oligosaccharide at a dosage of 5 billion colony-forming units twice daily for 8 weeks versus placebo . The primary outcome measure was the percentage change in Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis ( SCORAD ) value . Other outcome measures were changes in Infant Dermatitis Quality Of Life ( IDQOL ) and Dermatitis Family Impact ( DFI ) scores , frequency and amount of topical corticosteroid used , and lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood measured by laser flow cytometry . Results : At the final visit , the percentage decrease in SCORAD was 33.7 % in the probiotic group compared with 19.4 % in the placebo group ( p = 0.001 ) . Children receiving probiotic showed a greater decrease in the mean [ SD ] SCORAD score than did children from the placebo group at week 8 ( −14.2 [ 9.9 ] vs −7.8 [ 7.7 ] , respectively ; p = 0.001 ) . IDQOL and DFI scores decreased significantly from baseline by 33.0 % and 35.2 % in the probiotic group and by 19.0 % and 23.8 % in the placebo group , respectively ( p = 0.013 , p = 0.010 ) . Use of topical corticosteroids during the 8-week trial period averaged 7.7 g less in probiotic patients ( p = 0.006 ) . CD3 , CD16 , and CD22 lymphocyte subsets remained unchanged , whereas the percentage of CD4 , and the percentage and absolute count of CD25 decreased , and the percentage and absolute count of CD8 increased in the probiotic group at week 8 ( p < 0.007 vs placebo ) . There was a significant correlation between CD4 percentage , CD25 percentage , CD25 absolute count , and SCORAD values ( r = 0.642 , r = 0.746 , r = 0.733 , respectively ; p < 0.05 ) in the probiotic group at week 8 . Conclusion : The administration of a probiotic mixture containing L. acidophilus DDS-1 , B. lactis UABLA- 12 , and fructo-oligosaccharide was associated with significant clinical improvement in children with AD , with corresponding lymphocyte subset changes in peripheral blood . The efficacy of probiotic therapy in adults with AD requires further investigation Purpose To evaluate a therapeutic efficacy of probiotics mixture ( probiotics ) in the treatment of children with mild-to-moderate atopic dermatitis ( AD ) . Methods R and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , parallel trial with a washout period of 2 weeks and an intervention period for 6 weeks , conducted from November 2010 to October 2011 . One hundred children with mild to moderate AD ( 2 - 9 years old ) were r and omly allocated to the probiotics ( Lactobacilluss casei , Lactobacillus rhamnosus , Lactobacillus plantarum , and Bifidobacterium lactis ) or placebo groups . The assessment of efficacy was based on the change in eczema area severity index ( EASI ) , visual analogue scale for pruritus ( VASP ) , fecal cell counts of each strains ( log10[cell counts/g stool ] ) , and serum cytokine levels ( Interleukin-4 [ IL-4 ] ; IL-10 ; Tumor necrosis factor alpha , [ TNF-α ] ) in weeks 0 and 6 . Results Demographics and baseline characteristics at the week 0 were not significantly different between the 2 groups . The significant increments in fecal-cell counts were observed in the probiotcs group at week 6 ( P=0.00 ) , while the cytokine levels between the 2 groups were not significantly different in week 6 ( IL-4 , P=0.50 ; IL-10 , P=0.58 ; TNF-α , P=0.82 ) . The probiotics significantly improved clinical severity after 6 weeks ' intervention of probiotics ; however , the placebo group also showed significant improvement ( EASI ; P=0.00 , VASP ; P=0.00 ) . Conclusions Our findings showed that probiotics successfully colonized in the intestine after 6 weeks ' intervention ; nevertheless , we could not find an additional therapeutic or immunomodulatory effects on the treatment of AD . Further long-term studies will be necessary to clarify the therapeutic efficacy of probiotics Atopic dermatitis ( AD ) is a common inflammatory skin disease characterized by xerosis , pruritus and eczema . The role of probiotics in the prevention and the treatment of AD have been extensively studied in children with controversial results while there are few studies on an adult population . The aim of this r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the intake of a probiotic strain ( Lactobacillus salivarius LS01 ) in the treatment of adult patients with AD . A group of 38 patients was treated with probiotics or placebo ( maltodextrin )  for 16 weeks . The study was performed from January ( T0 ) to May , 2009 ( T16 ) . The assessment of efficacy was based on change in SCORAD ( SCORing Atopic Dermatitis ) index , dermatology life quality index ( DLQI ) improvement , cytokine production by P BMC s and ability to modify faecal microbial flora . No significant adverse events were recorded during the study . Patients treated with probiotics showed a statistically improvement of both clinical parameters ( SCORAD p < 0.0001 and DLQI p= 0.021 ) at the end of treatment ( T16 ) compared with the placebo group . Furthermore , after four months of treatment there was a significant reduction of Th1 cytokines ( IL-12+IFNγ ) ( p= 0.03 ) and Th1/Th2 ratio ( IL-12+IFNγ/IL-4+IL-5 ) ( p= 0.019 ) only in placebo-treated patients . A statistically relevant decrease of staphylococci in faeces of the probiotic-treated group was also observed at the end of treatment . In our study , the administration of L. salivarius LS01 was well tolerated and was associated with a significant improvement of clinical manifestation and QoL. This probiotic strain could have an important role in modulating Th1/Th2 cytokine profiles and could be considered as an important adjunctive therapy in the treatment of adult AD OBJECTIVE To determine whether probiotic lactobacilli may alleviate small intestinal inflammation and strengthen the intestinal barrier function in children with atopic dermatitis . STUDY DESIGN In a double-blinded , placebo-controlled , cross-over study , probiotic lactobacilli ( Lactobacillus rhamnosus 19070 - 2 and L reuteri DSM 12246 ) were administered for 6 weeks to 41 children with moderate and severe atopic dermatitis . Gastrointestinal symptoms were registered before and during treatment and small intestinal permeability was measured by the lactulose-mannitol test . RESULTS During Lactobacillus supplementation , there was a significant decrease in the frequency of gastrointestinal symptoms ( 39 % during the placebo period versus 10 % during active treatment , P=.002 ) . There was a positive association between the lactulose to mannitol ratio and the severity of the eczema ( r=0.61 , P=.02 after placebo and r=0.53 , P=.05 after active treatment ) . After probiotic treatment , the lactulose to mannitol ratio was lower ( 0.073 ) than after placebo ( 0.110 , P=.001 ) . CONCLUSIONS Impairment of the intestinal mucosal barrier appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis . The study suggests that probiotic supplementation may stabilize the intestinal barrier function and decrease gastrointestinal symptoms in children with atopic dermatitis BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest that oral bacteriotherapy with probiotics might be useful in the management of atopic dermatitis ( AD ) . OBJECTIVE The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the clinical and anti-inflammatory effect of probiotic supplementation in children with AD . METHODS In a double-blind , placebo-controlled , crossover study , 2 probiotic Lactobacillus strains ( lyophilized Lactobacillus rhamnosus 19070 - 2 and Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 122460 ) were given in combination for 6 weeks to 1- to 13-year-old children with AD . The patients ' evaluations were registered after each intervention ( ie , better , unchanged , or worse ) . The clinical severity of the eczema was evaluated by using the scoring atopic dermatitis ( SCORAD ) score . As inflammatory markers , eosinophil cationic protein in serum and cytokine production by P BMC s were measured . RESULTS After active treatment , 56 % of the patients experienced improvement of the eczema , whereas only 15 % believed their symptoms had improved after placebo ( P = .001 ) . The total SCORAD index , however , did not change significantly . The extent of the eczema decreased during active treatment from a mean of 18.2 % to 13.7 % ( P = .02 ) . The treatment response was more pronounced in allergic patients ( at least one positive skin prick test response and elevated IgE levels ) , and in this group the SCORAD score decreased ( P = .02 compared with nonallergic patients ) . During active treatment , serum eosinophil cationic protein levels decreased ( P = .03 ) . No significant changes in the production of the cytokines IL-2 , IL-4 , IL-10 , or IFN-gamma were found . CONCLUSIONS A combination of L rhamnosus 19070 - 2 and L reuteri DSM 122460 was beneficial in the management of AD . The effect was more pronounced in patients with a positive skin prick test response and increased IgE levels Background : The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of probiotics on  moderate or severe atopic dermatitis ( AD ) in young children . Methods : Fifty six children aged 6–18 months with moderate or severe AD were recruited into a r and omised double blind placebo controlled trial in Perth , Western Australia ; 53 children completed the study . The children were given a probiotic ( 1 × 109Lactobacillus fermentum VRI-033 PCC ; Probiomics ) or an equivalent volume of placebo , twice daily for 8 weeks . A final assessment at 16 weeks was performed . Results : The main outcome measures were severity and extent of AD at the end of the study , as measured by the Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis ( SCORAD ) index . The reduction in the SCORAD index over time was significant in the probiotic group ( p = 0.03 ) but not the placebo group . Significantly more children receiving probiotics ( n = 24 , 92 % ) had a SCORAD index that was better than baseline at week 16 compared with the placebo group ( n = 17 , 63 % ) ( p = 0.01 ) . At the completion of the study more children in the probiotic group had mild AD ( n = 14 , 54 % ) compared to the placebo group ( n = 8 , 30 % ) . Conclusion : Supplementation with probiotic L fermentum VRI-003 PCC is beneficial in improving the extent and severity of AD  in young children with moderate or severe disease Background : Oligosaccharides may alter postnatal immune development by influencing the constitution of gastrointestinal bacterial flora . Aims : To investigate the effect of a prebiotic mixture of galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides on the incidence of atopic dermatitis ( AD ) during the first six months of life in formula fed infants at high risk of atopy . Methods : Prospect i ve , double-blind , r and omised , placebo controlled trial ; 259 infants at risk for atopy were enrolled . A total of 102 infants in the prebiotic group and 104 infants in the placebo group completed the study . If bottle feeding was started , the infant was r and omly assigned to one of two hydrolysed protein formula groups ( 0.8 g/100 ml prebiotics or maltodextrine as placebo ) . All infants were examined for clinical evidence of atopic dermatitis . In a subgroup of 98 infants , faecal flora was analysed . Results : Ten infants ( 9.8 % ; 95 CI 5.4–17.1 % ) in the intervention group and 24 infants ( 23.1 % ; 95 CI 16.0–32.1 % ) in the control group developed AD . The severity of the dermatitis was not affected by diet . Prebiotic supplements were associated with a significantly higher number of faecal bifidobacteria compared with controls but there was no significant difference in lactobacilli counts . Conclusion : Results show for the first time a beneficial effect of prebiotics on the development of atopic dermatitis in a high risk population of infants . Although the mechanism of this effect requires further investigation , it appears likely that oligosaccharides modulate postnatal immune development by altering bowel flora and have a potential role in primary allergy prevention during infancy Objective Atopic dermatitis ( AD ) is the most common chronic relapsing skin disease seen in infancy and childhood . The intestinal microbiota play an important role in immune development and may play a role in the development of allergic disorders . Manipulation of the intestinal microbiota by synbiotics may therefore offer an approach to the prevention or treatment of AD and allergic diseases . We studied the clinical and immunologic effects of a new symbiotic ( a mixture of seven probiotic strains of bacteria and Fructooligosaccharide ) in infants and children with AD . Methods In a r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study , 40 infants and children aged 3 months to 6 years with AD received either a synbiotic or placebo for 8 weeks . The Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis ( SCORAD ) index was recorded at baseline and also at 4 and 8 weeks of treatment . Findings There was no significant difference between the probiotic and placebo group in baseline characteristics including sex , age , family history , corticosteroid usage and prick testing . Mean age was 23 months . The synbiotic group showed a significantly greater reduction in SCORAD than did the placebo group ( P=0.001 ) . No specific effect was demonstrated of the probiotics employed on cytokine profile ( P=0.4 , P=0.6 ) . Egg white was the most common ( 45 % ) allergen followed by peanut and cow 's milk . Conclusion This study provides evidence that a mixture of seven strains of probiotics and Fructooligosaccharide can clinical ly improve the severity of  AD in young children . Further studies are needed to investigate the effects on underlying immune responses and the potential long term benefits for patients with AD BACKGROUND Probiotics have been suggested to be useful in children with atopic eczema-dermatitis syndrome ( AEDS ) . OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical effect of Lactobacillus sakei supplementation in children with AEDS . METHODS In a double-blind , placebo-controlled trial , children aged 2 to 10 years with AEDS with a minimum SCORing of Atopic Dermatitis ( SCORAD ) score of 25 were r and omized to receive either daily L sakei KCTC 10755BP or daily placebo supplementation for 12 weeks . Changes in SCORAD scores and serum chemokine levels from baseline were evaluated . RESULTS Eighty-eight children were enrolled , and 45 were allocated to probiotic treatment . Seventy-five children completed the study , with 4 dropouts in the probiotic group and 9 in the placebo group . At week 12 , SCORAD total scores adjusted by pretreatment values were lower after probiotic treatment than after placebo treatment ( P = .01 ) . There was a 31 % ( 13.1-point ) improvement in mean disease activity with probiotic use compared with a 13 % ( 5.2-point ) improvement with placebo use ( P = .008 ) . Significant differences in favor of probiotic treatment were also observed in proportions of patients achieving improvement of at least 30 % and 50 % . Compared with placebo , probiotic administration was associated with lower pretreatment-adjusted serum levels of CCL17 and CCL27 ( P = .03 for both ) , which were significantly correlated with SCORAD total score ( r = 0.59 and 0.63 , respectively ; P < .001 ) . CONCLUSIONS Supplementation of L sakei in children with AEDS was associated with a substantial clinical improvement and a significant decrease in chemokine levels , reflecting the severity of AEDS Goals : To evaluate the efficacy of a highly concentrated Lactobacillus salivarius preparation containing a gelling complex formed by Streptococcus thermophilus ST10 and tara gum in the treatment of atopic dermatitis ( AD ) . Background : Previous studies have demonstrated an improvement in AD symptoms after administration of the probiotic strain L. salivarius LS01 . S. thermophilus ST10 and tara gum create a gelling complex that adheres to intestinal mucus and improves barrier function . Study : A prospect i ve , controlled pilot trial was carried out to evaluate how the association of S. thermophilus ST10 and tara gum could improve the activity of L. salivarius LS01 administered at high doses to adults with AD . Twenty-five patients were included into the study : 13 were treated for 1 month with the active formulation , whereas 12 represented the placebo group . Scoring Atopic Dermatitis index was determined before and at the end of probiotic administration . Fecal sample s were also collected to evaluate changes in bacterial counts of Staphylococcus aureus and clostridia . Results : A significant improvement in SCORAD index was observed in the probiotic group after 1 month of treatment , whereas no significant changes occurred in placebo patients . A slight decrease in fecal S. aureus count was observed in probiotic-treated patients . Conclusions : Data obtained in this study suggest a potential role for L. salivarius LS01 in the treatment of AD . The addition of tara gum and S. thermophilus ST10 seems to improve the overall efficacy of the probiotic strain , in particular shortening the time required for the onset of the positive effects . Further studies to investigate the activity of this preparation are advisable The effect of probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM and Bifidobacterium lactis Bi-07 on the composition of the Lactobacillus group , Bifidobacterium and the total bacterial population in feces from young children with atopic dermatitis was investigated . The study included 50 children r and omized to intake of one of the probiotic strain or placebo .  Microbial composition was characterized by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis , quantitative PCR and , in a subset of subjects , by pyrosequencing of the 16S rRNA gene . The core population of the Lactobacillus group was identified as Lactobacillus gasseri , Lactobacillus fermentum , Lactobacillus oris , Leuconostoc mesenteroides , while the bifidobacterial community included Bifidobacterium adolescentis , Bifidobacterium bifidum , Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium catenulatum . The fecal numbers of L. acidophilus and B. lactis increased significantly after intervention , indicating survival of the ingested bacteria . The levels of Bifidobacterium correlated positively ( P=0.03 ) , while the levels of the Lactobacillus group negatively ( P=0.01 ) with improvement of atopic eczema evaluated by the Severity Scoring of Atopic Dermatitis index . This correlation was observed across the whole study cohort and not attributed to the probiotic intake . The main conclusion of the study is that administration of L. acidophilus NCFM and B. lactis Bi-07 does not affect the composition and diversity of the main bacterial population s in feces The aim of the present study was to provide evidence for the application of probiotics in the prevention and treatment of infantile eczema by exploring changes in the intestinal Bifidobacteria levels and the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis ( SCORAD ) index prior and subsequent to treatment with probiotics in infants with eczema . A total of 40 infants with eczema were r and omly divided into treatment and control groups . Prior and subsequent to the treatment , the SCORAD index was evaluated and the content of Bifidobacterium bifidum in the stool of each infant in the two groups was quantified using 16S rRNA/DNA quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis . After four weeks of treatment with B. bifidum triple viable capsules , the levels of B. bifidum increased sharply ( P<0.05 ) and the SCORAD index was notably reduced ( P<0.05 ) as compared with the values prior to treatment . By contrast , neither the content of B. bifidum nor the SCORAD index changed significantly in the control group after four weeks ( P>0.05 ) . Following treatment , the levels of B. bifidum in the stools of the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the stools of the control group ( P<0.05 ) , and the SCORAD index was significantly lower than that of the control group ( P<0.05 ) . In conclusion , probiotic supplementation has a positive effect on the prevention and treatment of infantile eczema BACKGROUND The increase in allergic diseases is attributed to a relative lack of microbial stimulation of the infantile gut immune system . Probiotics , live health-promoting microbes , might offer such stimulation . OBJECTIVE We studied the effect of a mixture of 4 probiotic bacterial strains along with prebiotic galacto-oligosaccharides in preventing allergic diseases . METHODS We r and omized 1223 pregnant women carrying high-risk children to use a probiotic preparation or a placebo for 2 to 4 weeks before delivery . Their infants received the same probiotics plus galacto-oligosaccharides ( n = 461 ) or a placebo ( n = 464 ) for 6 months . At 2 years , we evaluated the cumulative incidence of allergic diseases ( food allergy , eczema , asthma , and allergic rhinitis ) and IgE sensitization ( positive skin prick test response or serum antigen-specific IgE level > 0.7 kU/L ) . Fecal bacteria were analyzed during treatment and at age 2 years . RESULTS Probiotic treatment compared with placebo showed no effect on the cumulative incidence of allergic diseases but tended to reduce IgE-associated ( atopic ) diseases ( odds ratio [ OR ] , 0.71 ; 95 % CI , 0.50 - 1.00 ; P = .052 ) . Probiotic treatment reduced eczema ( OR , 0.74 ; 95 % CI , 0.55 - 0.98 ; P = .035 ) and atopic eczema ( OR , 0.66 ; 95 % CI , 0.46 - 0.95 ; P = .025 ) . Lactobacilli and bifidobacteria more frequently ( P < .001 ) colonized the guts of supplemented infants . CONCLUSION Probiotic treatment showed no effect on the incidence of all allergic diseases by age 2 years but significantly prevented eczema and especially atopic eczema . The results suggest an inverse association between atopic diseases and colonization of the gut by probiotics . CLINICAL IMPLICATION S The prevention of atopic eczema in high-risk infants is possible by modulating the infant 's gut microbiota with probiotics and prebiotics BACKGROUND . The value of probiotics for primary prevention is controversial . Published trials vary considerably in study design and the applied probiotics , thereby limiting comparability of the results . OBJECTIVE . The purpose of this trial was to study the preventive effect of the probiotic Lactobacillus GG on the development of atopic dermatitis . METHODS . In a double-blind , placebo-controlled prospect i ve trial , 105 pregnant women from families with ≥1 member ( mother , father , or child ) with an atopic disease were r and omly assigned to receive either the probiotic Lactobacillus GG ( American Type Culture Collection 53103 ; 5 × 109 colony-forming units of Lactobacillus GG twice daily ) or placebo .  Ninety-four families ( 89.5 % ) completed the trial . The supplementation period started 4 to 6 weeks before expected delivery , followed by a postnatal period of 6 months . The primary end point was the occurrence of atopic dermatitis at the age of 2 years . Secondary outcomes were severity of atopic dermatitis , recurrent episodes of wheezing bronchitis , and allergic sensitization at the age of 2 years . RESULTS . Atopic dermatitis was diagnosed in 14 ( 28 % ) of 50 in the Lactobacillus GG group and in 12 ( 27.3 % ) of 44 in the placebo group . The risk of atopic dermatitis in children on probiotics relative to placebo was 0.96 ( confidence interval 0.38–2.33 ) . Severity of atopic dermatitis was comparable between the 2 groups . Notably , children with recurrent ( ≥5 ) episodes of wheezing bronchitis were more frequent in the Lactobacillus GG group ( 26 % ; n = 13 ) , as compared with the placebo group ( 9.1 % ; n = 4 ) . No difference was observed between both groups in total immunoglobulin E concentrations or numbers of specific sensitization to inhalant allergens . CONCLUSIONS . Supplementation with Lactobacillus GG during pregnancy and early infancy neither reduced the incidence of atopic dermatitis nor altered the severity of atopic dermatitis in affected children but was associated with an increased rate of recurrent episodes of wheezing bronchitis . Therefore , Lactobacillus GG can not be generally recommended for primary prevention Controversy exists regarding the preventive effect of probiotics on the development of  eczema or atopic dermatitis .  We investigated whether supplementation of probiotics prevents the development of  eczema in infants at high risk . In a r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled trial , 112 pregnant women with a family history of allergic diseases received a once-daily supplement , either a mixture of Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 , B. lactis AD011 , and Lactobacillus acidophilus AD031 , or placebo , starting at 4 - 8 wks before delivery and continuing until 6 months after delivery . Infants were exclusively breast-fed during the first 3 months , and were subsequently fed with breastmilk or cow 's milk formula from 4 to 6 months of age . Clinical symptoms of the infants were monitored until 1 yr of age , when the total and specific IgE against common food allergens were measured . A total of 68 infants completed the study . The prevalence of eczema at 1 yr in the probiotic group was significantly lower than in the placebo group ( 18.2 % vs. 40.0 % , p=0.048 ) . The cumulative incidence of eczema during the first 12 months was reduced significantly in probiotic group ( 36.4 % vs. 62.9 % , p=0.029 ) ; however , there was no difference in serum total IgE level or the sensitization against food allergens between the two groups . Prenatal and postnatal supplementation with a mixture of B. bifidum BGN4 , B. lactis AD011 , and L. acidophilus AD031 is an effective approach in preventing the development of eczema in infants at high risk of allergy during the first year of life Goal : To evaluate cytokine stimulation with 3 strains of Lactobacillus salivarius in vitro and to assess changes in intestinal microflora and clinical improvements in adults with atopic dermatitis ( AD ) induced by the strain showing the best immunomodulatory features . Background : AD is a common skin disease in children and adults . It is characterized by chronic inflammation , eczema , and increasing intestinal permeability . Various studies have shown that patients with AD presented some modifications in the intestinal microbiota composition ; as a result , intestinal microflora is thought to have a pivotal role in this disease . Methods : Thirty-eight patients aged from 18 to 46 years with moderate/severe AD were recruited . Subjects were r and omized in a double-blind placebo-controlled study to receive active treatment with L. salivarius LS01 : probiotic ( n=19 ) or placebo ( n=19 ) . Cytokine production was determined by means of specific quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays . Intestinal bacterial groups were quantified using conventional culture techniques , whereas L. salivarius LS01 was identified using polymerase chain reaction and pulse field gel electrophoresis . Results : L. salivarius LS01 showed the best immunomodulatory features and it was chosen for the second phase of the study . AD subjects showed a reduction in their SCORAD score after probiotic treatment and a significant decrease in the staphylococci load compared with the placebo group . Moreover , L. salivarius LS01 showed the ability to reduce the production of Th2 cytokines , maintaining the production of Th1 cytokines stable . Conclusions : Treatment with the L. salivarius LS01 strain seems to positively modify clinical and immunologic status and dermatology life quality in a group of adults affected by moderate/severe AD , leading to a rebalancing of altered intestinal microbiota BACKGROUND Most infants developing atopic dermatitis have a low risk for atopy . Primary prevention of atopic dermatitis is difficult . OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of supplementation of an infant and follow-on formula with prebiotic and immunoactive oligosaccharides on the occurrence of atopic dermatitis in the first year of life . METHODS Healthy term infants from 5 European countries with low atopy risk were recruited before the age of 8 weeks , either having started with formula feeding or being on full breast-feeding ( breast-feeding group ) . Formula-fed infants were r and omized to feeding with a regular formula containing a specific mixture of neutral oligosaccharides and pectin-derived acidic oligosaccharides ( prebiotic formula group ) or regular formula without oligosaccharides ( control formula group ) . RESULTS A total of 414 infants were r and omized to the prebiotic group and 416 infants to the control group . A total of 300 infants were followed in the breast-feeding group . Up to the first birthday , atopic dermatitis occurred in significantly fewer infants from the prebiotic group ( 5.7 % ) than from the control group ( 9.7 % ; P = .04 ) . The cumulative incidence of atopic dermatitis in the prebiotic group was in the low range of the breast-feeding group ( 7.3 % ) . In a Cox regression model , the rate of atopic dermatitis was significantly lower by 44 % in the prebiotic group versus the control group ( P = .04 ) . The number needed to prevent 1 case of atopic dermatitis by supplementation of prebiotics was 25 infants . CONCLUSION Formula supplementation with a specific mixture of oligosaccharides was effective as primary prevention of atopic dermatitis in low atopy risk infants
Conclusion : The administration of a probiotic mixture containing L. acidophilus DDS-1 , B. lactis UABLA- 12 , and fructo-oligosaccharide was associated with significant clinical improvement in children with AD , with corresponding lymphocyte subset changes in peripheral blood .
Abstract Background : The role of probiotics in the treatment of atopic dermatitis ( AD ) remains controversial .
A recent systematic review of the available evidence called for further clinical trials with new probiotic formulations .
Objective : To assess the clinical efficacy and impact of Lactobacillus acidophilus DDS-1 , Bifidobacterium lactis UABLA-12 with fructo-oligosaccharide on peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in preschool children with moderate-to-severe AD .