Controlled Clinical Trial on the Outcome of Glass Fiber Composite Cores Versus Wrought Posts and Cast Cores for the Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth: A 5-Year Follow-up Study. An in vitro evaluation of a carbon fiber-based post and core system. An up to 3-Year Controlled Clinical Trial Comparing the Outcome of Glass Fiber Posts and Composite Cores with Gold Alloy-Based Posts and Cores for the Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth. Fracture resistance of compromised endodontically treated teeth restored with bonded post and cores: An in vitro study. Clinical performance and marginal adaptation of class II direct and semidirect composite restorations over 3.5 years in vivo. Clinical evaluation of a carbon fibre reinforced carbon endodontic post. Cervical microleakage in MOD restorations: in vitro comparison of indirect and direct composite. Composite resin core-crown reconstructions: an up to 17-year follow-up of a controlled clinical trial. Four post-and-core combinations as abutments for fixed single crowns: a prospective up to 10-year study. Long-term survival of endodontically treated, maxillary anterior teeth restored with either tapered or parallel-sided glass-fiber posts and full-ceramic crown coverage. A Randomized Controlled Study of the Use of ProRoot Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Endocem as Direct Pulp Capping Materials: 3-month versus 1-year Outcomes. Class I occlusal composite resin restorations: in vivo post-operative sensitivity, wall adaptation, and microleakage. Clinical evaluation of root filled teeth restored with or without post-and-core systems in a specialist practice setting. Survival rate and fracture strength of endodontically treated maxillary incisors with moderate defects restored with different post-and-core systems: an in vitro study. Clinical evaluation of teeth restored with quartz fiber-reinforced epoxy resin posts. Survival of two post systems--five-year results of a randomized clinical trial. Three-year clinical evaluation of direct and indirect composite restorations in posterior teeth.
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to compare the 5-year outcomes of glass fiber composite with cast posts and cores for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 143 patients in need of 203 full ceramic restorations on endodontically treated teeth were included . After primary stratification based on the need for post or no post , teeth were r and omly allotted to test group 1 ( prefabricated glass fiber posts ) , 2 ( custom-made glass fiber posts ) , or 3 ( composite cores without posts ) . The control group was treated with gold alloy-based wrought posts and cast cores .  Success ( original present ) and survival ( present after intervention ) probability lifetime curves , corrected for clustering , were drawn over the entire data set . RESULTS The mean follow-up time was 5.8 years ( range : 0.5 to 7.2 years ) . At 5 years , the success and survival probabilities were 85.2 % and 91.5 % , respectively . Lifetime curves did not show any significant differences between the test and control groups for success ( P = .85 ) or survival ( P = .57 ) . Moreover , no significant differences for success or survival could be found among the four groups ( the three test groups and the control group ) . CONCLUSION After 5 years of follow-up , cast gold and composite post- and -core systems on teeth with ceramic full restorations provided with a ferrule performed equally well STATEMENT OF PROBLEM A self-contained post and core system , Composipost , comprising an epoxy-based carbon fiber post , a composite core material , and a low viscosity Bis-GMA bonding resin , has recently been marketed for the restoration of pulpless teeth . PURPOSE This study compared the in vitro performance and the failure characteristics of the Composipost system against existing post and core combinations . MATERIAL AND METHODS Using extracted human teeth , three post and core test groups and one control group were then tested to failure with an obliquely applied compressive load at 130 degrees in a Hounsfield testing-machine with a crosshead speed of 5 cm/minute . RESULTS The mean stress values at failure ( MNm.2 ) with st and ard deviations for each group were as follows : Composipost system 8.89 , SD 2.40 ; stainless steel post and composite core 14.18 , SD 3.49 ; cast gold alloy post and gold alloy core 15.25 , SD 4.07 ; and endodontically treated tooth only 24.84 SD 4.58 . CONCLUSION The specimens restored with the Composipost system exhibited inferior strength properties in comparison to the other post and core systems tested ( p < 0.01 ) . Teeth without post and core foundations tested significantly stronger than the other comparison groups ( p < 0.01 ) PURPOSE This controlled clinical trial aim ed to compare the 3-year outcomes of glass fiber posts and composite cores with gold alloy-based posts and cores for the restoration of endodontically treated teeth . MATERIAL S AND METHODS One hundred forty-four patients in need of 205 restorations on endodontically treated teeth were selected and followed for 7 to 37 months ( mean : 21 ± 9 months ) . The teeth were primarily stratified based on the remaining tissue available to restore the tooth core with or without a post . Then , r and omization allocated the teeth to either test group 1 ( prefabricated glass fiber posts ) , test group 2 ( custom-made glass fiber posts ) , or test group 3 ( composite cores without posts ) . The control group consisted of gold alloy-based posts and cores . All posts/cores were covered with all-ceramic single crowns .  Failures were either absolute , such as root fractures or irreparable fractures of the post/core , or relative , such as loss of post retention or reparable fractures of the core . Success and survival probability lifetime curves , corrected for clustering , were drawn for the entire data set . RESULTS The recall rate at 3 years was 97.1 % . Absolute failures consisted of two root fractures and one endodontic failure , while relative failures included three instances of retention loss of the post/core and one post fracture . Because of the low number of events , no statistical tests were performed . The success and survival probabilities over all groups together at 3 years amounted to 91.7 % and 97.2 % , respectively . CONCLUSIONS After being followed for up to 3 years , both cast gold and composite post and core systems performed well clinical ly . Longer follow-up times are needed to detect possible significant differences . Int J Prosthodont 2011;24:363 - 372 STATEMENT OF PROBLEM It is unclear which post and core system performs best when bonded to severely compromised endodontically treated teeth . PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the fracture resistance and mode of failure of severely compromised teeth restored with 3 different adhesively bonded post and core systems . MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty extracted endodontically treated maxillary anterior teeth were r and omly divided into 3 groups , CPC , gold cast post and core ; TPC , titanium prefabricated post/composite resin core ; and FPC , quartz fiber reinforced post/composite resin core . All posts were adhesively cemented . All cores resembled a central incisor preparation with no remaining tooth structure above the finish line . Cast gold crowns were fabricated and cemented adhesively . The specimens were aged with thermocycling and cyclic loading . Two specimens per group were r and omly selected for micro-computed tomographic imaging before and after aging . Failure was induced with a universal testing machine . The mode of failure was characterized by the interface separation . Data were analyzed with 1-way ANOVA ( α=.05 ) followed by post hoc tests ( Bonferroni ) . RESULTS A statistically significant difference was found among the 3 groups ( P=.002  ) . CPC was significantly different than TPC ( P=.008 ) or FPC ( P=.003 ) . The primary mode of failure  for CPC and TPC  was root fracture , and for FPC post debonding . CONCLUSIONS Severely compromised endodontically treated teeth restored with bonded gold cast post and cores showed significantly higher fracture resistance OBJECTIVE The study evaluated the clinical performance and marginal adaptation of  direct and semi-direct class II composite restorations  in a split-mouth design over 3.5 years . DESIGN 44 upper posterior teeth in 11 adults with primary carious lesions were treated with 22  direct and 22  semi-direct restorations . Conventional cavities were prepared for both types of restorations . A fine fine hybrid composite ( APH ) and a multifunctional adhesive system ( Prisma universal bond 3 ) were used for all restorations . The incremental " 3-sited light curing " technique was applied to direct restorations . Semi-direct inlays were prefabricated on silicone casts and post-cured using light and heat .  Clinical performance was evaluated using modified USPHS parameters , while marginal adaptation was judged on replicas , using SEM and a st and ardized evaluation technique . RESULTS Clinical results after 3.5 years revealed a 100 % retention rate with no fractures , sensitivity or recurrent caries for both types of restorations . SEM-evaluation of the occlusal margins showed at the tooth-restoration interface relatively low rates of marginal openings over the observation period ( 4 - 8 % ) . Marginal restoration fractures ranged between 1 and 2 % , marginal tooth fractures between 3 and 9 % . Differences between the restorative techniques and after the different time observation periods were not statistically significant . Proportions of marginal fractures and openings at the restoration-luting composite interface were less than 10 % after 3.5 years . CONCLUSION The results indicated no significant differences for direct and semi-direct fine hybrid composite restorations  in medium size cavities in posterior teeth with respect to clinical performance and marginal adaptation over 3.5 years This study reports a prospect i ve clinical trial comparing a carbon fibre reinforced carbon ( CFRC ) endodontic post with a conventional prefabricated post .  Twenty-seven single rooted maxillary anterior teeth in 18 patients ( nine males and nine females ; age range 18 - 60 years ) were restored either with a CFRC post or a wrought precious alloy control . Cast type III gold alloy cores were used in conjunction with both post groups . The CRFC posts ( n = 16 ) were cemented with a composite luting agent and the conventional posts ( control ) were cemented with zinc phosphate . Four failures were recorded in the CFRC post group at 24 , 29 , 56 and 87 months , compared with one failure in the control group at 84 months . These results suggest that post-retained crowns utilizing a CFRC material and a composite resin luting agent do not perform as well as conventional wrought precious alloy posts This study compared microleakage between  indirect composite inlays and direct composite restorations . Forty-eight st and ard inlay MOD cavities , with cervical margins located either in enamel or dentin , were prepared in extracted human third molars . The specimens were r and omly divided into 3 groups ( n=16 ) . In the control group , the cavities were restored with the composite Filtek Z250 ( 3 M ESPE ) . For the experimental groups , indirect restorations were made with the Artglass ( Heraeus-Kulzer ) or Belleglass HP ( Kerr Laboratories ) systems and cemented with the dual curing cement RelyX ARC ( 3 M ESPE ) . The adhesive system Single Bond ( 3 M ESPE ) was applied on all groups . The specimens were su bmi tted to thermolcycling , coated with nail varnish , then immersed in 2 % basic fuchsine aqueous solution for 24 hours . The teeth were then sectioned and leakage scores were evaluated ( 40x ) , based on a st and ard ranking . Data were su bmi tted to statistical analysis ( Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests ) with a 95 % confidence level . No statistical difference was found between substrates ( p=0.595 ) , and the material s performed similarly in dentin ( p=0.482 ) . Direct restorations showed higher leakage than indirect restorations at the enamel margins ( p=0.004 ) . Within the limitations of this experimental design , overall leakage was similar between both substrates , while the indirect systems provided a better sealing than direct composites only in enamel PURPOSE The aim of this long-term follow-up study was to collect up to 17 years of survival data of endodontically treated single teeth with or without a prefabricated metal post .  MATERIAL S AND METHODS Single teeth were provided with direct composite resin core-crown reconstructions with or without posts by 15 operators . Restorations consisted of either a prefabricated metal post and a composite core-crown reconstruction or a post-free direct composite reconstruction . Allocation of either restoration was performed by balanced drawing . These restorations were not covered by an artificial crown . The study sample consisted of 87 patients who received 98 core-crown reconstructions .  The performance of the restorations was evaluated based on data collected from the files of the clinicians currently monitoring the oral health of the patients . The survival probability was analyzed at different levels : on the restoration level and on the level of the tooth carrying the restoration . Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare survival probabilities . RESULTS Post placement showed no influence on the survival probability at either level ( P > .05 ) . The estimated overall survival rate at 17 years was 53 % + /- 14 % at the restoration level and 79 % + /- 11 % at the tooth level . CONCLUSION The results of this long-term follow-up study showed no difference in survival probabilities between different direct composite resin core-crown reconstructions of endodontically treated single teeth ( with or without a post ) PURPOSE In the present prospect i ve study , four different post- and -core systems were evaluated over a period of up to 10 years . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Fifty endodontically treated teeth in 31 patients were r and omized to one of four groups for post- and -core placement : Group 1 received conventional tapered cast posts and cores ( n = 14 ) ; group 2 received ParaPost system prefabricated gold posts with cast cores ( n = 13 ) ; group 3 received ParaPost system cast posts and cores ( n = 13 ) ; and group 4 received Radix-Anchor posts ( n = 10 ) . Clinical and radiologic evaluations were made . RESULTS One post and core in group 2 was functioning well 58 months after placement when the patient died . No posts and cores in groups 1 or 2 had been lost or had any complications , one in group 3 had been lost because of a root fracture after 108 months , and two in group 4 had been lost after 54 and 88 months , respectively , because of loss of retention . The final treatment result for 46 of the 49 remaining posts ( 30 patients ) was successful . The overall failure rate was 6 % . There were no statistically significant differences between the four groups . CONCLUSION If recommended procedures are strictly followed , posts and cores can serve as abutments for fixed single crowns with satisfactory long-term results OBJECTIVES This retrospective study investigated the clinical effectiveness over up to 8 years of parallel-sided and of tapered glass-fiber posts , in combination with either hybrid composite or dual-cure composite resin core material , in endodontically treated , maxillary anterior teeth covered with full-ceramic crowns . METHODS The study population comprised 192 patients and 526 endodontically treated teeth , with various degrees of hard-tissue loss , restored by the post- and -core technique .  Four groups were defined based on post shape and core build-up material s , and within each group post- and -core restorations were assigned r and omly with respect to root morphology . Inclusion criteria were symptom-free endodontic therapy , root-canal treatment with a minimum apical seal of 4 mm , application of rubber dam , need for post- and -core complex because of coronal tooth loss , and tooth with at least one residual coronal wall . Survival rate of the post- and -core restorations was determined using Kaplan-Meier statistical analysis . RESULTS The restorations were examined clinical ly and radiologically ; mean observation period was 5.3 years . The overall survival rate of glass-fiber post- and -core restorations was 98.5 % . The survival rate for parallel-sided posts was 98.6 % and for tapered posts was 96.8 % . Survival rates for core build-up material s were 100 % for dual-cure composite and 96.8 % for hybrid light-cure composite . CONCLUSIONS For both glass-fiber post design s and for both core build-up material s , clinical performance was satisfactory . Survival was higher for teeth retaining four and three coronal walls INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term clinical outcomes of direct pulp capping ( DPC ) with ProRoot MTA ( Dentsply , Tulsa , OK ) and Endocem ( Maruchi , Wonju , Korea ) as pulp capping material s. To this end , the 1-year cumulative successes of both material s were evaluated and compared with those of the 3-month outcomes in a prospect i ve , r and omized controlled trial . METHODS Patients were recruited from the Department of Conservative Dentistry of the Yonsei University Dental Hospital , Seoul , South Korea , from January to May 2013 . Of the 48 teeth that met the inclusion criteria , 46 teeth were r and omly allocated to either ProRoot MTA or Endocem groups ( n = 23 ) . Direct pulp capping was performed , and clinical and radiographic examinations were conducted over 1 year after the treatment . Survival analyses were conducted to compare the cumulative successes between ProRoot MTA and Endocem and to evaluate other clinical variables . RESULTS Forty-one teeth were recalled 1 year after the treatments ( recall rate = 89.13 % ) . There were no significant differences between the cumulative successes  of ProRoot MTA and Endocem in either log-rank or Cox proportional hazard regression analyses ( P > .05 ) . Among the other clinical variables , cavity type ( class I , II , III vs class V ) was determined to be significant in both the log-rank test ( P = .001 ) and Cox regression analysis ( P = .006 ) . CONCLUSIONS Both ProRoot MTA and Endocem exhibited similar cumulative successes as direct pulp capping material s up to 1 year . The teeth restored with class V cavities exhibited significantly lower cumulative success rates after direct pulp capping compared with the teeth restored with other types of cavities PURPOSE To investigate the effect of restoration technique and adhesive system on the post-operative sensitivity and marginal adaptation of Class I occlusal composite resin restorations placed in vivo . MATERIAL S AND METHODS 48 Class I cavities were restored in vivo according to one of three protocol s : ( 1 ) Scotchbond Multi- Purpose /P50 placed in increments ; ( 2 ) Scotchbond Multi- Purpose /P50 placed in bulk , and ( 3 ) Clearfil Liner Bond 2/Clearfil Ray Posterior placed in bulk . Post-operative sensitivity and sensitivity on loading were recorded 5 - 7 weeks after placement of the restorations ; the teeth were cautiously extracted , immersed in a dye solution and sectioned . SEM observations were made from epoxy resin replicas . Microleakage and gap formation was assessed . RESULTS No differences among adhesive systems or restoration procedures were found for microleakage . Post-operative sensitivity was reported in 14 % of all teeth but was absent in the Clearfil Liner Bond 2 group . Sensitivity on loading was experienced by patients in 56 % of the restorations . Group 1 : nine teeth ; Group 2 : 15 teeth ; Group 3 : three teeth . Differences were statistically significant for all three groups . The SEM analysis showed that restorations placed in two layers showed less gaps than restorations placed in bulk AIM To assess survival rates and complications of  root-filled teeth restored with or without post- and -core systems  over a mean observation period of > or=4 years . METHODOLOGY A total of 325 single- and multirooted teeth in 183 subjects treated in a private practice were root filled and restored with either a cast post- and -core or with a prefabricated titanium post and composite core . Root-filled teeth without post-retained restorations served as controls . The restored teeth served as abutments for single unit metal-ceramic or composite crowns or fixed bridges . Teeth supporting cantilever bridges , overdentures or telescopic crowns were excluded . RESULTS Seventeen teeth in 17 subjects were lost to follow-up ( 17/325 : 5.2 % ) . The mean observation period was 5.2 + /- 1.8 ( SD ) years for restorations with titanium posts , 6.2 + /- 2.0 ( SD ) years for cast post- and -cores and 4.4 + /- 1.7 ( SD ) years for teeth without posts . Overall , 54 % of build-ups included the incorporation of a titanium post and 26.5 % the cementation of a cast post- and -core . The remaining 19.5 % of the teeth were restored without intraradicular retention . The adjusted 5-year tooth survival rate amounted to 92.5 % for teeth restored with titanium posts , to 97.1 % for teeth restored with cast post- and -cores and to 94.3 % for teeth without post restorations , respectively . The most frequent complications included root fracture ( 6.2 % ) , recurrent caries ( 1.9 % ) , post-treatment periradicular disease ( 1.6 % ) and loss of retention ( 1.3 % ) . CONCLUSION Provided that high- quality root canal treatment and restorative protocol s are implemented , high survival and low complication rates of single- and multirooted root-filled teeth used as abutments for fixed restorations can be expected after a mean observation period of > or=4 years PURPOSE This study compares the survival rate and fracture strength of endodontically treated maxillary incisors with moderate coronal defects restored with different post- and -core systems after exposure to an artificial mouth . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Sixty-four caries-free human maxillary central incisors were selected for st and ardized size and quality , endodontically treated , and decoronated 2 mm coronal to the cementoenamel junction . Group 1 was restored with titanium posts and composite cores , group 2 received zirconia posts and a composite core , and in group 3 zirconia posts with a heat-pressed ceramic core were used . Teeth restored with cast posts and cores served as controls . All teeth were prepared and restored with complete cast crowns . All sample s were exposed to 1.2 million cycles in a computer-controlled chewing simulator with simultaneous thermocycling . In addition , the sample s were loaded until fracture in a static testing device . RESULTS The survival rates of the different groups were : 94 % for titanium/composite , 63 % for zirconia/composite , 100 % for the all-ceramic post and core , and 94 % for the cast post and core . The following mean fracture strengths were obtained : titanium/composite = 425 + /- 155 N , zirconia/composite = 202 + /- 212 N , zirconia/ceramic = 378 + /- 64 N , cast post and core = 426 + /- 178 N. The lower fracture load in the group with zirconia posts and composite cores was statistically significant . The use of zirconia posts result ed in fewer oblique root fractures . CONCLUSION Prefabricated titanium posts with composite cores , zirconia posts with heat-pressed ceramic cores , and cast posts and cores yield comparable survival rates and fracture strengths for the restoration of crowned maxillary incisors with moderate coronal defects .  Survival rates and fracture strengths for zirconia posts with composite cores are significantly lower , so this combination can not be recommended for clinical use PURPOSE This prospect i ve clinical follow-up evaluated the acceptability of quartz fiber-reinforced epoxy posts used in endodontically treated teeth over a 30-month period . MATERIAL S AND METHODS In 132 patients , 180 endodontically treated teeth were restored using AEstheti-Plus quartz-fiber posts . The posts were luted with the All-Bond 2 adhesive system and C&B Resin Cement according to the manufacturer 's recommendations . The core was made with Core-Flo or Bis-Core , and all-ceramic crowns or metal-ceramic crowns were applied as final restorations . The parameters considered as clinical failure were displacement , detachment , or fracture of posts ; core or root fracture ; and crown or prosthesis decementation . Patients were reevaluated at 6 , 12 , 24 , and 30 months . RESULTS One cohesive failure involving a margin of the composite core was observed after 2 weeks , and two adhesive fractures were seen after 2 months . These failures were located between the cement and the dentin walls of the canals . All three failures occurred during removal of the temporary crown . The percentage of failures was thus 1.7 % over a 30-month period , but it was possible to successfully replace the restoration in all three failed cases . CONCLUSION Over a 30-month period , the rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth using quartz-fiber posts showed good clinical results . No crown or prosthesis decementation was observed , and no post , core , or root fractures were recorded OBJECTIVE To assess the survival rate of two different post systems after 5 years of service with a prospect i ve r and omized controlled trial . METHOD AND MATERIAL S One hundred patients in need of a post were studied . Half of the patients received long glass fiber-reinforced posts , while the other half received long metal screw posts . The posts were assigned r and omly . After at least 5 years ( mean , 61.37 months ) , follow-ups were established . When a complication occurred prior to this recall , the type and time of the complication was documented . Statistical analysis was performed using the log-rank test and Kaplan-Meier analysis . Additionally , a Cox regression was performed to analyze risk factors . RESULTS The survival rate of fiber-reinforced posts was 71.8 % . In the metal screw post group , the survival rate was significantly lower , 50.0 % ( log-rank test , P = .026 ) . Metal posts result ed more often in more unfavorable complications ( eg , root fractures ) ; consequently , more teeth ( n = 17 ) had to be extracted . The Cox regression identified the following risk factors : position of the tooth ( anterior vs posterior teeth ) , degree of coronal tooth destruction , and the post system  ( fiber-reinforced post vs metal screw post )  . Fiber-reinforced restorations loosened in several patients ; in some of these cases ( n = 6 ) , patients did not notice this , leading to the extraction of teeth . CONCLUSION Long metal screw posts should be used with great care in endodontically treated teeth . Besides the selection of the post system , other factors influence the survival of the restoration STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM Objective long-term clinical data are necessary to assess the performance of modern posterior composites as direct and indirect restorations . PURPOSE This prospect i ve , long-term clinical trial evaluated direct and indirect composite restorations for clinical acceptability as posterior restoratives in single or multisurface cavities and provided a survey on the 3-year results . MATERIAL AND METHODS Under the supervision of an experienced dentist , 9 dental students placed 88 composite restorations ( Tetric , blend-a-lux , Pertac-Hybrid Unifil ) , 43 direct composite restorations , and 45 indirect inlays .  Clinical evaluation was performed at baseline and in yearly intervals after placement by 2 other experienced dentists , using modified USPHS criteria . A third follow-up of 60 restorations took place within 33 to 36 months after placement . RESULTS A total of 93 % of indirect and 87 % of direct restorations were assessed to be clinical ly excellent or acceptable . During the third year , 1 direct restoration in a molar failed because of margin opening . Indirect inlays exhibited a significantly better anatomic form of the surface than direct composite restorations . Premolars revealed a significantly better marginal integrity and anatomic form of the surface than molars . Restorations in molars exhibited a significantly higher failure rate compared with premolars . CONCLUSION Posterior composite restorations provided a satisfactory clinical performance over a 3-year period , even if placed by relatively inexperienced but supervised students
A comparison of fracture loads in the in vitro studies revealed no significant difference between cast and direct posts and cores .
Meta- analysis of the data suggested that there is no difference in fracture behavior associated with the 2 treatment modalities .
Direct  post- and -core restorations with prefabricated posts are becoming increasingly popular .
A literature review was conducted to compare the clinical and in vitro performance of cast posts and cores to that of direct cores with prefabricated posts in single-rooted teeth .