Curcuminoids modify lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A randomized controlled trial. Curcumin effects on blood lipid profile in a 6-month human study. Curcumin Lowers Serum Lipids and Uric Acid in Subjects With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial Curcuminoids exert glucose-lowering effect in type 2 diabetes by decreasing serum free fatty acids: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Evaluation of the effect of curcumin capsules on glyburide therapy in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. Effects of supplementation with curcuminoids on dyslipidemia in obese patients: a randomized crossover trial. Impact of intensified dietary therapy on energy and nutrient intakes and fatty acid composition of serum lipids in patients with recently diagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Highly bioavailable micellar curcuminoids accumulate in blood, are safe and do not reduce blood lipids and inflammation markers in moderately hyperlipidemic individuals. Randomised controlled trial of effect of fruit and vegetable consumption on plasma concentrations of lipids and antioxidants Diverse effects of a low dose supplement of lipidated curcumin in healthy middle aged people The Effect of Curcumin on some of Traditional and Non-traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Pilot Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial The effect of curcumin on lipid level in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Effect of copper supplementation on indices of copper status and certain CVD risk markers in young healthy women. The effect of nano-curcumin on HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile in diabetic subjects: a randomized clinical trial Effects of palm olein and olive oil on serum lipids in a Chinese population: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over trial. Effects of red palm oil on serum lipids and plasma carotenoids level in Chinese male adults. n-3 fatty acids induce oxidative modifications in human erythrocytes depending on dose and duration of dietary supplementation.
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) is an established risk factor for cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) and is associated with disturbed metabolism of lipids and lipoproteins . Curcuminoids are natural products with anti-diabetic and lipid-modifying actions but their efficacy in improving dyslipidemia in diabetic individuals has not been sufficiently studied . OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of supplementation with curcuminoids , plus piperine as an absorption enhancer , in improving serum lipids in patients with T2D . METHODS In this 12-week r and omized double-blind placebo-controlled trial , subjects with T2D ( n=118 ) were assigned to curcuminoids ( 1000mg/day plus piperine 10mg/day ) or placebo plus st and ard of care for T2D . Serum concentrations of lipids including total cholesterol ( TC ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , triglycerides ( TG ) , lipoprotein(a ) [ Lp(a ) ] , and non-HDL-C were determined at baseline and at the end of trial . RESULTS Between-group comparison of change in the study parameters revealed significant reductions in serum levels of TC ( -21.86±25.78 versus -17.06±41.51 , respectively ; p=0.023 ) , non-HDL-C ( -23.42±25.13 versus -16.84±41.42 , respectively ; p=0.014 ) and Lp(a ) ( -1.50±1.61 versus -0.34±1.73 , respectively ; p=0.001 ) and elevations in serum HDL-C levels ( 1.56±4.25 versus -0.22±4.62 , respectively ; p=0.048 ) in the curcuminoids group as compared with the placebo group ( p<0.05 ) . Serum TG and LDL-C changes did not show any significant difference between the study groups ( p>0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Curcuminoids supplementation can reduce serum levels of atherogenic lipid indices including non-HDL-C and Lp(a ) . Therefore , curcuminoids supplementation could contribute to a reduced risk of cardiovascular events in dyslipidemic patients with T2D Studies in animals and a short-term human study have suggested that curcumin , a polyphenolic compound concentrated in the curry spice turmeric , decreases serum cholesterol concentration . However , no controlled human trials have examined the effect of curcumin on cholesterol . This study investigated the effects of consuming curcumin on the  serum lipid profile in men and women . Elderly subjects ( n=36 ) consumed 4 g/d curcumin , 1g/d curcumin , or placebo in a 6-month , r and omized , double-blind trial . Plasma curcumin and its metabolites were measured at 1 month , and the serum lipid profile was measured at baseline , 1 month , and 6 months . The plasma curcumin concentration reached a mean of 490 nmol/L. The  curcumin concentration was greater after capsule than powder administration . Consumption of either dose of curcumin did not significantly affect triacylglycerols , or total , LDL , and HDL cholesterol over 1 month or 6 months . However , the concentrations of plasma curcumin and serum cholesterol were positively and significantly correlated . Curcumin consumption does not appear to have a significant effect on the serum lipid profile , unless the absorbed concentration of curcumin is considered , in which case curcumin may modestly increase cholesterol Background : Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) is one of the most common hepatic diseases in the general adult population . Dyslipidemia , hyperuricemia , and insulin resistance are common risk factors and accompanying features of NAFLD . Curcumin is a dietary natural product with beneficial metabolic effects relevant to the treatment of NAFLD . Aim : To assess the effects of curcumin on metabolic profile in subjects with NAFLD . Methods : Patients diagnosed with NAFLD ( grade s 1–3 ; according to liver sonography ) were r and omly assigned to curcumin ( 1000 mg/d in 2 divided doses ) ( n = 50 ) or control ( n = 52 ) group for a period of 8 weeks . All patients received dietary and lifestyle advises before the start of trial . Anthropometric measurements , lipid profile , glucose , insulin , glycated hemoglobin , and uric acid concentrations were measured at baseline and after 8 weeks of follow-up . Results : Eighty-seven subjects ( n = 44 and 43 in the curcumin and control group , respectively ) completed the trial . Supplementation with curcumin was associated with a reduction in serum levels of total cholesterol ( P < 0.001 ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P < 0.001 ) , triglycerides ( P < 0.001 ) , non – high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( P < 0.001 ) , and uric acid ( P < 0.001 ) , whereas serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and glucose control parameters remained unaltered . Curcumin was safe and well tolerated during this study . Conclusion : Results of the present trial suggest that curcumin supplementation reduces serum lipids and uric acid concentrations in patients with NAFLD SCOPE We previously found that curcuminoids  decreased blood glucose and improved insulin resistance by reducing serum free fatty acids ( FFAs ) and increasing fatty acid oxidation in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats . This study was to investigate whether curcuminoids have beneficial effects on type 2 diabetic patients , and its possible mechanisms . METHODS AND RESULTS Overweight/obese type 2 diabetic patients ( BMI ≥ 24.0 ; fasting blood glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L or postpr and ial blood glucose ≥11.1 mmol/L ) were r and omly assigned to curcuminoids ( 300 mg/day ) or placebo for 3 months . Bodyweight , glycosylated hemoglobin A1c ( HbA1c , % ) , serum fasting glucose , FFAs , lipids , and lipoprotein lipase ( LPL ) were determined . A total of 100 patients ( curcuminoids , n = 50 ; placebo , n = 50 ) completed the trial .  Curcuminoids supplementation significantly decreased fasting blood glucose ( p < 0.01 ) , HbA1c ( p = 0.031 ) , and insulin resistance index ( HOMA-IR ) ( p < 0.01 ) in type 2 diabetic patients  . Curcuminoids also led to a significant decrease in serum total FFAs ( p < 0.01 ) , triglycerides ( P = 0.018 ) , an increase in LPL activity ( p < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION These findings suggest a glucose-lowering effect of curcuminoids in type 2 diabetes , which is partially due to decrease in serum FFAs , which may result from promoting fatty acid oxidation and utilization This study aim ed to assess the possible beneficial effects of curcumin capsules as lipid-lowering effects and as a permeability glycoprotein ( P-gp ) inhibitor on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of glyburide and as a P-gp substrate with glyburide in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus . Open-label , r and omized control trial was carried out for 11 days on eight type-2 diabetic patients on glyburide therapy .  On the first day of the study , following the administration of 5 mg of glyburide , blood sample s were collected from the patients at various time intervals ranging from 0.5 to 24 h. Blood sampling was repeated on the 11th day of the study , after treating the patients with curcumin for ten consecutive days . Glyburide concentrations changed at the second hour , Cmax was unchanged , the glucose levels were decreased , Area Under first Movement Curre ( AUMC ) was increased , and no patient has experienced the hypoglycaemia . The low-density lipoprotein , very-low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides were decreased significantly , and the high-density lipoprotein content increased . The co-administration of curcumin capsules with glyburide may be beneficial to the patients in better glycaemic control . The lipid lowering and antidiabetic properties of the curcumin show as a potential future drug molecule Dyslipidemia is a leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is also a common feature of obesity . Curcumin is a bioactive phytochemical with well-known antioxidant , anti-inflammatory , and cardioprotective properties . The present study investigated the hypolipidemic activity of curcumin in obese individuals . Participants ( n = 30 ) were treated with curcuminoids ( 1 g/day ) , or placebo in a r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled , crossover trial . Serum concentrations of total cholesterol , triglycerides , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , together with anthropometric parameters and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein were measured before and after each treatment period . Anthropometric parameters including weight , BMI , waist circumference , hip circumference , arm circumference , and body fat remained statistically unchanged by the end of trial ( p > 0.05 ) . As for the lipid profile parameters , serum triglycerides were significantly reduced following curcumin supplementation ( p = 0.009 ) . However , curcuminoids were not found to affect serum levels of total cholesterol , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( p > 0.05 ) . In summary , the findings of the present study indicated that curcuminoid supplementation ( 1 g/day for 30 days ) leads to a significant reduction in serum triglycerides concentrations but do not have a significant influence on other lipid profile parameters as well as body mass index and body fat Compliance with dietary recommendations and the effect of intensified dietary therapy on energy and nutrient intakes and fatty acid composition of serum lipids were studied in 86 obese subjects ( aged 40 to 64 years ) with recently diagnosed non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ( NIDDM ) . After three months of basic education , the subjects were r and omly separated into an intervention group ( n = 40 ) and a conventional treatment group ( n = 46 ) . Members of the intervention group participated in 12 months of intensified education ; those in the conventional group visited local health centers . Compliance with dietary instructions was monitored through food records . Intensified dietary therapy result ed in greater weight loss , better metabolic control , and a less atherogenic lipid profile than conventional treatment . Intake of energy and saturated fatty acids tended to decline in the intervention group . A higher percentage of patients in the intervention group had a total fat intake of 30 % of energy or less after 15 months ( 32.5 % [ 12 of 38 ] vs 17.4 % [ 8 of 46 ] ) . Similarly , more patients in the intervention group had a saturated fatty acid intake of 10 % or less of total energy intake at the end of the study ( 35.0 % [ 13 of 38 ] vs 8.7 % [ 4 of 46 ] ) . The mean dietary cholesterol intake was within recommendations in both groups at the end of the study . The relative percentage of linoleic acid of serum lipids increased significantly and the relative percentage of palmitic acid of serum triglycerides , phospholipids , and cholesterol esters decreased in the intervention group . These changes indicate that intensified dietary therapy improved the quality of fat in the diet of patients with NIDDM SCOPE Curcuminoids are poorly bioavailable , but potentially lipid- and inflammation-lowering phytochemicals . We hypothesized that curcuminoids , when administered as a micellar formulation with hundredfold enhanced bioavailability , decrease blood lipids and inflammation in subjects with moderately elevated cholesterol and C-reactive protein concentrations . METHODS AND RESULTS We carried out a r and omized , double-blind , crossover study ( 4-wk washout phase ) with 42 subjects consuming 294 mg curcuminoids per day ( as micelles ) or placebo for 6 wk . At the beginning , after 3 wk and at the end ( 6 wk ) of each intervention , we collected fasting blood sample s to determine curcuminoids , blood lipids , and markers of inflammation , glucose and iron homeostasis , and liver toxicity . Daily ingestion of 98 mg micellar curcuminoids with each principal meal for as little as 3 wk result ed in fasting curcuminoid plasma concentrations of 49 nmol/L. Neither blood lipids , nor markers of inflammation , glucose and iron homeostasis , or liver enzymes differed between curcuminoid and placebo interventions . CONCLUSION Consumption of 98 mg of highly bioavailable curcuminoids with each principal meal sufficed to achieve curcuminoid accumulation in the blood , was safe , and did not alter blood lipids , inflammation , glucose , or iron homeostasis in healthy subjects with slightly elevated blood cholesterol and C-reactive protein Abstract Objectives : To determine the extent to which plasma antioxidant concentrations in people with habitual low intake of fruit and vegetables respond to increased intakes of these foods . To examine whether advice to increase fruit and vegetables will result in reduction of concentrations of total and low density lipoprotein cholesterol . Design : R and omised controlled trial in which intervention and control groups were followed up for eight weeks . The intervention group was asked to consume eight servings of fruit and vegetables a day . Setting : Dunedin , New Zeal and . Subjects : Eighty seven subjects with normal lipid concentrations who ate three or fewer servings of fruit and vegetables daily . Main outcome measures : Plasma concentrations of vitamin C , retinol , α and ß carotene , α tocopherol , lipids , and lipoproteins . Dietary intake assessed with diet records over four days . Results : The mean plasma vitamin C , α carotene , and ß carotene concentrations increased in parallel with increased dietary intake of fruit and vegetables in the intervention group . Concentrations of retinol , α tocopherol , lipids , and lipoproteins remained unchanged despite some increase in dietary vitamin E and a small reduction in saturated fat intake . Conclusions : Following a recommendation to increase fruit and vegetable consumption produces change in plasma concentrations of vitamin C , α carotene , and ß carotene likely to reduce incidence of cancer . More specific dietary advice to modify fat intake may be necessary to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease mediated by lipoprotein and vitamin E. Key messages Increasing intake of fruit and vegetables raises plasma concentrations of vitamin C and α and ß carotene These changes in plasma concentrations of antioxidants are probably associated with reduced risk of cancer A simple recommendation to increase fruit and vegetable intake has little effect on plasma concentrations of α tocopherol , lipids , and lipoproteins More specific dietary advice to modify fat intake may be necessary to reduce risk of cardiovascular disease associated with lipoproteins and vitamin Background Curcumin extracts of turmeric are proposed to produce health benefits . To date , human intervention studies have focused mainly on people with existing health problems given high doses of poorly absorbed curcumin . The purpose of the current study was to check whether in healthy people , a low dose of a lipi date d curcumin extract could alter wellness-related measures . Methods The present study was conducted in healthy middle aged people ( 40–60 years old ) with a low dose of curcumin ( 80 mg/day ) in a lipi date d form expected to have good absorption . Subjects were given either curcumin ( N = 19 ) or placebo ( N = 19 ) for 4 wk .  Blood and saliva sample s were taken before and after the 4 weeks and analyzed for a variety of blood and saliva measures relevant to health promotion . Results Curcumin , but not placebo , produced the following statistically significant changes : lowering of plasma triglyceride values , lowering of salivary amylase levels , raising of salivary radical scavenging capacities , raising of plasma catalase activities , lowering of plasma beta amyloid protein concentrations , lowering of plasma sICAM readings , increased plasma myeloperoxidase without increased c-reactive protein levels , increased plasma nitric oxide , and decreased plasma alanine amino transferase activities . Conclusion Collectively , these results demonstrate that a low dose of a curcumin-lipid preparation can produce a variety of potentially health promoting effects in healthy middle aged people Numerous interventional studies in clinical and pre clinical setting stated that intake of curcumin may provide protection against cardiovascular disease . The aim of this trial was investigation of curcumin efficiency on some cardiovascular risk factors in patients with coronary artery disease ( CAD ) . A total of 33 patients with CAD who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria were entered the study . Patients were r and omly assigned to receive curcumin or placebo , 500 mg capsules , four times daily for 8 weeks . Lipid profile , blood glucose and high sensitive C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) levels were analyzed at baseline and two months after treatment . Serum levels of triglycerides ( P=0.01 ) , LDL-cholesterol ( P=0.03 ) and VLDL-cholesterol ( P=0.04 ) significantly decreased in the curcumin group compared to baseline , without significant changes in total cholesterol , HDL-cholesterol , blood glucose and hs-CRP levels . In all mentioned laboratory parameters , significant difference was not detected between curcumin and placebo . Although curcumin improved some of lipid profile components , it did not show appreciable effect on inflammatory markers in patients with CAD . Therefore , more detailed assessment of metabolic effects or anti-inflammatory activities of curcumin need to perform by extensive human study AIM to evaluate the effects of curcumin on total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , HDL cholesterol , and triglyceride in acute coronary syndrome patients . METHODS this study were conducted at Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo General Hospital ( RSUPN-CM ) , Persahabatan Hospital , MMC Hospital and Medistra Hospital , Jakarta . The study started from 1 May 2005 to 5 May 2006 . Study Design was an interventional study which was a r and omized double blind controlled trial to evaluate the effects of curcumin administration at escalating doses ( low dose 3 times 15 mg/day , moderate dose 3 times 30 mg/day , and high dose 3 times 60 mg/day ) on total cholesterol level , LDL cholesterol level , HDL cholesterol level , and triglyceride level in ACS patients . RESULTS a 75 ACS patients undergoing r and omization participated in r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) . Of the 75 ACS patients participating in that RCT , 67 received care at RSCM , 6 at Persahabatan Hospital , and 2 at MMC Hospital . As many as 63 patients were able to participate in the RCT up to its conclusion . There was no significant difference in age , sex , risk factor of dyslipidemia , DM , smoking , hypertension , CHD history in family , height , body weight and body mass index , waist circumference , systolic blood pressure , diastolic blood pressure in the four groups of patients . This showed that the r and omization performed was reasonably good . There was no significant difference in laboratory parameters , such as total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , HDL cholesterol , and triglyceride , fasting blood glucose , blood glucose 2 hours PP , glyco Hb , triglyceride , Hb , Ht , leukocyte , thrombocyte , ureum , creatinine , SGOT , SGPT , in the four groups . There was no significant difference in types of ACS and locations of ACS in the four groups as well . There was no significant difference in statin medicatios ( simvastatin ) , aspirin ACE inhibitor , and DM medications in the four groups . No patient used  tiazolidindion . No significant difference was found in the percentage of compliance in the four groups of patients . The effects of curcumin on total cholesterol level and LDL cholesterol level , there was a trend that the lower the dose of curcumin , the higher the effect of reduction . For HDL cholesterol level , there was also a trend that the lower the dose of curcumin , the higher the effect of increase in HDL cholesterol level . However , for triglyceride the pattern was not the same , and the group of moderate-dose curcumin shoed the minimal effect of increase , followed by the low-dose curcumin and finally the high-dose curcumin that showed the highest effect of increase . CONCLUSION the administration of low-dose curcumin showed a trend of reduction in total cholesterol level and LDL cholesterol level in ACS patients Western diets containing suboptimal Cu concentrations could be widespread . A link between marginal Cu deficiency and CVD has been suggested . The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of Cu supplementation on both Cu status and CVD risk factors in healthy young women . Sixteen women with a mean age of 24 ( sd 2 ) years participated in a r and omised crossover study of three 4-week periods with 3-week washouts between periods . During each intervention period , subjects received 0 , 3 or 6 mg elemental Cu/d as CuSO4 in addition to their habitual diet . Blood sample s were taken to assess the effect of supplementation on putative markers of Cu status . The content of plasma lipids , lipoprotein ( a ) , apo and certain haemostatic factors , as putative indices of CVD , was also analysed . Daily supplementation with 3 mg Cu significantly increased ( P < 0.05 ) serum Cu concentration and the activity of erythrocyte superoxide dismutase , although there was no further significant increase after an intake of 6 mg Cu/d . The concentration of the fibrinolytic factor plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 was significantly reduced ( P < 0.05 ) by about 30 % after supplementation with 6 mg Cu/d . No other marker of Cu status or CVD risk factor was affected by Cu supplementation . The results indicate that supplementation with 3 or 6 mg Cu/d may improve Cu status in these healthy young women . Increased Cu intake could reduce the risk of CVD and atherosclerosis in man by promoting improved fibrinolytic capacity Objective : Diabetes mellitus is defined as a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia result ing from defects in insulin secretion , insulin action , or both or insulin resistance . Curcumin inhibits NF-κB signaling pathway . The aim of this study is evaluation of the effect of Nano-curcumin on HbA1C , fast blood glucose and lipid profile in diabetic patients . Material s and Methods : Seventy type-2 diabetic patients ( fasting blood glucose ( FBG ) ≥ 126 mg/dL or 2-hr postpr and ial blood glucose ≥200 mg/dl ) r and omly receivedeither Curcumin ( as nano-micelle 80 mg/day ) or placebo  for 3 months in a double blind r and omized clinical trial . Fasting blood glucose , HbA1C , and lipids profile were checked before and after the intervention . Data analyses , including parametric and nonparametric tests were done using the SPSS 11.5 software . A p value < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant . ( RCT registration code : I RCT 2013081114330N1 ) Results : Mean age , BMI , FBG , total cholesterol ( TC ) , triglyceride ( TG ) , LDL , HDL , HbA1c , and sex and had no significant difference at the baseline between the groups . In Nano-curcumin group , a significant decrease was found in HbA1C , FBG , TG , and BMI comparing results of each subject before and after the treatment ( p<0.05 ) . By comparing pre- and post-treatment values among the groups , HbA1c , eAG , LDL-C , and BMI variables showed significant differences ( p<0.05 ) . Conclusion : These findings suggest an HbA1c lowering effect  for Nano-curcumin in type-2 diabetes ; also , it is partially decrease in serum LDL-C and BMI BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES As the most widely produced edible vegetable oil , palm oil is known as to contain a high level of saturated fatty acid , which was thought to adversely affect serum lipid profiles . However , recent studies have shown no influence or benefits of palm oil on serum lipids . The potential nutritional value of palm oil is attributed to the high mono-unsaturation at the crucial sn2-position of the oil 's triacylglycerols , as with the so-called ' healthy ' olive oil ( OO ) . The aim of this study was to further test this hypothesis and evaluate the effects of consuming palm olein versus olive oil on serum lipid profiles in a Chinese population . METHODS AND STUDY DESIGN In total , 120 participants were recruited from a spinnery in Yixing city and r and omly divided into two groups ( palm olein or olive oil ) to conduct a 2 × 2 crossover trial for 2 months ' intervention with 2-week washout periods . Each participant was provided 48 g of test oil per day . At the end of each period , anthropometry , and blood lipid indices were measured to determine the effects of palm olein and olive oil . RESULTS Palm olein and olive oil consumption had no significantly different effect on BMI , on serum total cholesterol , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , triacylglycerol ( TG ) , Apo B , fasting glucose , or insulin concentrations ( all p>0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS In a dietary crossover trial , palm olein and olive oil had no recognisably different effects on body fatness or blood lipids in a healthy Chinese population OBJECTIVE Effects of red palm oil on major plasma carotenoids , tocopherol , retinol and serum lipids were evaluated when used in Chinese diet . METHODS Red palm oil group ( RPO ) composed of 20 male subjects(aged 18 - 32 ) and soybean oil group ( SBO ) composed of 22 male subjects ( aged 18 - 32 ) . Dietary fat provided about 28 % of total calories , and the test oil accounted for about 60 % of total dietary fat . In the 3 weeks of pretest period , diets were prepared with soybean oil , and then in the next 6 weeks subjects in each group consumed the diet prepared by test oil . RESULTS Plasma alpha-carotene , beta-carotene and lycopene concentration of RPO group significantly increased at the time of interim ( 21 days ) and of the end ( 42 days ) ( P < 0.05 ) , and alpha-tocopherol concentration significantly increased at the time of the end ( 42 days ) in this study . Though Chinese plasma retinol level was relatively low when compared with that of Westerners , red palm oil diet showed no significant effect on adult Chinese plasma retinol level . Serum concentration of total cholesterol , triglyceride , high density lipoprotein cholesterol , apolipoprotein AI and apolipoprotein B of all subjects showed no significant changes in RPO group during the study . CONCLUSIONS The data in our study suggest that red palm oil is a good source of carotenoids and vitamin E when used in Chinese diet preparation , and it can significantly increase plasma concentration of alpha-carotene , beta-carotene , lycopene and alpha-tocopherol The present work was performed to study an optimal dose and duration of dietary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ( PUFA ) supplementation that would not result in harmful modifications of oxidative cell metabolism . Forty healthy subjects were divided into four groups that received 2.5 g/d eicosapentaenoic acid ( EPA ) + docosahexaenoic acid ( DHA ) , 5.1 g EPA + DHA/d , 7.7 g EPA + DHA/d , or placebo .  Fatty acid composition , tocopherol status , and susceptibility to lipid peroxidation induced in vitro by 2,2'-azobis-(2-amidinopropane ) ( AAPH ) were evaluated in human red blood cell ( RBC ) membranes on days 30 and 180 . n-3 PUFA treatment increased EPA and DHA concentrations in RBC membranes in a time-dependent manner in all of the n-3 PUFA groups . These modifications occurred with concomitant dose- and time-dependent increases in the membrane unsaturation index . After 30 d of treatment with n-3 PUFAs , alpha-to-copherol significantly increased in RBC membranes of the intermediate- and high-dose groups . Because of the higher concentration of this antioxidant in these groups , the susceptibility of RBC membranes to peroxidation was decreased . However , after 180 d of treatment , alpha-tocopherol decreased to baseline values and AAPH-induced lipid peroxidation increased in a dose-dependent manner . These results show that high doses of dietary n-3 PUFAs , as well as long-time treatments , affect human RBC susceptibility to lipid peroxidation by changes in fatty acid composition and tocopherol content
The effects of curcuminoids on lipids were not found to be dependent on the duration of supplementation .
Conclusion : This meta- analysis has shown that curcuminoid therapy significantly reduces plasma triglycerides and increases HDL-C levels
ABSTRACT Objective : The aim of this systematic review and meta- analysis was to determine and clarify the impact of curcuminoids on  serum lipid levels .