Caries-preventive effect of glass ionomer and resin-based fissure sealants on permanent teeth: An update of systematic review evidence Retention of a glass ionomer cement and a resin-based fissure sealant and effect on carious outcome after 7 years. The success rates of a glass ionomer cement and a resin-based fissure sealant placed by fifth-year undergraduate dental students Effectiveness of a glass ionomer cement used as a pit and fissure sealant in recently erupted permanent first molars. Comparing the caries-preventive effect of two fissure sealing modalities in public health care: a single application of glass ionomer and a routine resin-based sealant programme. A randomized split-mouth clinical trial. A 5-year evaluation of two glass-ionomer cements used as fissure sealants. A 3-year clinical evaluation of glass-ionomer cements used as fissure sealants. [Clinical evaluation of fluor protector and glass-ionomer cement used as pit and fissure sealant for preventing pit and fissure caries in children]. Comparison of glass-ionomer and resin-based fissure sealants: a 2-year clinical trial. Chlorhexidine-containing glass ionomer cement. A clinical investigation on the fissure caries inhibiting effect in first permanent molars. Retention and caries preventive effects of a GIC and a resin-based fissure sealant. Effects of glass ionomer cement, resin-based pit and fissure sealant and HF applications on occlusal caries in a developing country field trial. Fissure sealing with a light-cured resin-reinforced glass-ionomer cement (Vitrebond) compared with a resin sealant. Clinical evaluation of glass ionomers used as fissure sealants: twenty-four-month results. Retention of a resin-based sealant and a glass ionomer used as a fissure sealant: a comparative clinical study. A comparison of retention and the effect on caries of fissure sealing with a glass-ionomer and a resin-based sealant. Caries-preventive effect of sealants produced with altered glass-ionomer materials, after 2 years.
Background This article constitutes a partial up date of the original systematic review evidence by Yengopal et al. from 15 January 2008 ( published in the Journal of Oral Science in 2009 ) with primary focus on research quality in regard to bias risk in trials . Its aim is to up date the existing systematic review evidence from the English literature as to whether caries occurrence on pits and fissures of teeth sealed with either GIC or resin is the same . Methods In addition to the 12 trials included during the original systematic review , 5 new trials were identified during the data base search ( up to 26 August 2010 ) and 2 further trials were included from a h and search and reference check . Of these , 3 trials were excluded and 16 were accepted for data extraction and quality assessment . The quality of accepted trials was assessed , using up date d quality criteria , and the risk of bias was investigated in more depth than previously reported . In addition , the focus of quantitative synthesis was shifted to single data sets that were extracted from the accepted trials . Results Twenty-six dichotomous and 4 continuous data sets were extracted . Meta- analysis and cumulative meta- analysis were used in combining clinical ly homogenous data sets . The overall outcome of the computed data sets suggest no difference between the caries-preventive effects of GIC- and resin-based fissure sealants . Conclusions This overall outcome is in agreement with the conclusions of the original systematic review . Although the findings of the trials identified in this up date may be considered to be less affected by attrition- and publication bias , their risk of selection - and detection-/performance bias is high . Thus , verification of the currently available results requires further high quality r and omised control trials The aim of this study was to compare the retention and caries preventive efficacy of glass ionomer ( Fuji III ; GIC ) and light-cured resin-based ( Delton ; LCR ) fissure sealants .  One hundred and sixty-six 5 - 14-year-old schoolchildren received sealants on their newly erupted first or second molars ; a split mouth design was used . Previously reported 2-year results showed low retention rates for GIC sealants , but no difference in the caries increment between the groups . The same persons were invited to a dental check-up 6.1 to 7.8 ( mean 7.1 ) years after the application of sealants ;  111 persons ( 66.8 % of the original group ) participated in the study . The retention of sealants , and the caries status of occlusal surfaces and adjacent proximal surfaces was recorded . On the sealed occlusal surfaces , 10 % of GIC and 45 % of LCR sealants were totally and 9 % of GIC and 20 % of LCR sealants partially present . Twenty-three ( 23.5 % ) of the occlusal surfaces sealed with GIC and 16 ( 16.5 % ) of those sealed with LCR were carious or filled . Compared to LCR sealants , the effectiveness of GIC sealants  was -44 % ( 95 % CI -71 % , -16 % ) and net gain -7 % ( 95 % CI -18 % , 4 % ) . The relative risk of caries occurring was 1.44 ( 95 % CI 0.96 , 2.14 ) AIM : To evaluate retention and caries prevention of a glass-ionomer cement ( GIC ) and a resin-based fissure sealant placed by fifth-year undergraduate dental students . METHODS : The study was conducted according to a split-mouth , r and omised clinical trial . Children with at least one pair of caries-free permanent first molars with deep pits and fissures were included in the study . The children were selected from a population that had a high risk for dental caries .  Sealant material s were applied by fifth-year undergraduate dental students on 346  fissures of the first permanent molars in 173 children . The ages of the children ranged from 7–15 years ( mean 9.4 ) . Two research ers at the clinics supervised all of the procedures . Intra-examiner reproducibility and inter-examiner reproducibility were 0.90 and 0.86 , respectively , for the clinical assessment of sealant retention and caries evaluation . RESULTS :  GIC sealants were completely lost in 31.9 % and resin-based sealants in 16.6 % ( p<0.05 ) . The total retention rates of GIC sealants and resin-based sealants were 13.8 % and 20.8 % , respectively . After 24 months , the caries increment was 3.4 % for GIC sealants and 4.8 % for resin-based sealants ( p>0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS : The retention of GIC sealants was markedly inferior to the retention of resin-based sealants ; however , GIC when used as a pit and fissure sealant was slightly more effective in preventing occlusal caries PURPOSE This study 's purpose was to evaluate the caries-preventive effect of a glass ionomer cement ( GIC ) used as an occlusal sealant on recently erupted permanent first molars . METHODS A double-blind , r and omized , controlled , clinical trial was undertaken that included 36 5- to 8-year-olds ( and 92 permanent first molars ) who were r and omly allocated to the test group ( GIC ) or the control group ( auto-polymerized resin-based sealant [ RBS ] )  . The Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the number of new carious or filled occlusal surfaces in the 2 groups . RESULTS After 6 months , 1 occlusal surface in the test group and 2 occlusal surfaces in the control group showed carious lesions ( P=.15 ) . In the fifth year of follow-up , 2 occlusal surfaces in the test group and 7 occlusal surfaces in the control group were filled or carious ( P=.42 ) , and the mean number of sealed surfaces that became carious or filled was 0.2 ( 95 % confidence interval [CI]=0.02 - 0.70 ) for the GIC-sealed teeth and 0.6 ( 95 % CI=0.20 - 1.30 ) for the RBS-sealed teeth ( P=.30 ) . CONCLUSION High-viscosity glass ionomer cement can provide some level of protection against dental caries when used as a dental sealant in newly erupted permanent first molars AIM The aim of this study was to compare the caries-preventive effect of two types of sealant modalities and to evaluate whether the caries-preventive effect is related to sealant retention . A hypothesis was tested in which a glass ionomer sealant , once applied to the occlusal surface , was able to protect the fissure from caries even if the sealant appeared lost at visual inspection . DESIGN A 3-year r and omized split-mouth trial evaluating two sealant modalities was performed at a public health centre in Finl and . A chemically curing glass ionomer cement ( GIC ) and light-curing resin-based ( RB ) sealant material were applied r and omly to the permanent second molars . Sealant application as a routine treatment procedure was carried out to 599 children in the age group of 12 - 16 years .  Caries rate of the sealed teeth and sealant retention with both material s were analysed by a modified McNemar 's test . The effectiveness , rate difference , and relative risk with both sealant material s were measured . RESULTS The difference in caries rate between the two modalities was highly significant . When compared to the GIC sealant method , the effectiveness of  RB sealant method was 74.1 % and the rate difference 3.2 % ( 95 % CI 1.44 % , 4.98 % ) . The relative risk for RB-sealed surfaces vs. GIC-sealed surfaces of having detectable dentin caries was 0.26 ( 95 % CI 0.12 , 0.57 ) . The retention rate of sealants was higher with RB than GIC ( P < 0.001 ) . The effectiveness of the retention rate for RB sealants was 94.8 % and the rate difference 87.2 % ( 95 % CI 83.86 % , 90.50 % ) . The relative risk during the 3-year study period of having a defective or lost RB sealant  was 0.052 ( 95 % CI 0.036 , 0.075 ) when compared to having a defective or lost GIC sealant . CONCLUSION It is concluded that in preventing dentin caries a RB sealant programme including resealing when necessary was more effective than a single application of GIC . The original hypothesis was thus falsified OBJECTIVE To evaluate the retention and caries preventive effect of two glass ionomers used as fissure sealants : one resin modified glass ionomer ( A ) and one conventional glass-ionomer cement ( B ) . SAMPLE S AND METHODS The permanent first molars of 100 children , 6 - 8 years of age at the start of the study , were sealed . Material A was applied on one side ( right side , upper , and lower ) and material B was applied on the contralateral side ( left side , upper , and lower ) of the mouth . The control group was composed of 108 children who did not receive fissure sealant but received oral health education .  After 5 years , 64.0 % of the children of the experimental group and 73.0 % of the children of the control group were available for reexamination . RESULTS Material A was completely lost in 74.2 % and material B in 89.0 % ( Wilcoxon matched pairs test , P < 0.05 ) . Total retention rate was 1.6 % for material s A and B. After 5 years , caries increment was 21.5 % for the experimental group and 34.2 % for the control group ( chi2-test , P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Sealing pits and fissures with glass-ionomer cements was effective in preventing caries PURPOSE To evaluate the retention and caries-preventive effectiveness of two ionomeric material s ( conventional and resin-modified ) , used as fissure sealants . MATERIAL S AND METHODS 100 children ( 6 - 8 years old ) with a total of 400 permanent first molars received  200 conventional glass-ionomer ( Ketac Bond ) and 200 resin-modified glass-ionomer ( Vitremer ) sealants .  Additionally , 108 children constituted the control group ( 432 teeth ) . Two dentists assisted by dental hygienists performed the sealant application . Clinical evaluations were carried out 6 , 12 , 24 , and 36 months after the sealant application by two other dentists , not carrying out clinical procedures , previously calibrated ( Kappa > 0.75 ) . RESULTS Total retention rates of 26 % , 12 % , 3 % , and 4 % for Ketac Bond and 61 % , 31 % , 14 % , and 13 % for Vitremer , being 6 , 12 , 24 , and 36 months after clinical evaluation , respectively . The differences between the two material s were statistically significant . The experimental groups showed a caries incidence of 93 % , 78 % , 49 % , and 56 % lower than the control group ( P < 0.01 ) for the four evaluation periods , respectively . In conclusion , the retention rates of ionomeric material s were low . Nevertheless , these material s showed a cariostatic effect , supported by statistically lower caries incidence in experimental groups compared to control group . Presence of active incipient caries was statistically associated with caries incidence in the first molars after 36 months , in relation to either experimental or control group PURPOSE To study the clinical effect of the fluor protector and glass-ionomer cement used as pit and fissure sealant for preventing pit and fissure caries in children . METHODS 622 health permanent teeth in 6 - 8 years old children were divided into three groups . Children in the experimental group A ( n=207,335 teeth ) underwent fluor protector every six months , experimental group B(n=205 , 327 teeth ) with glass-ionomer cement used as pit and fissure sealant and children in the control group(n=210 , 354 teeth ) underwent no treatment . The incidence of caries were compared among the three groups using SPSS10.0 software package after 3 years . RESULTS After 3 years , the incidence of caries in A and B experimental groups were lower than in the control group , the difference was significant ( P<0.01 ) , but there were no significant difference between group A and group B ( P>0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Fluor protector and glass-ionomer cement used as pit and fissure sealant also have good clinical effect in preventing caries In recent years , the interest in the use of glass-ionomer material s as fissure sealants has increased . The aim of this study was to compare the retention and caries-preventive effect of glass-ionomer ( Fuji III ) and resin-based light-cured ( Delton ) fissure sealants .  Three health center dentists applied the sealants to 166 children ; glass-ionomer sealants  on one side and resin-based sealants on the contralateral side of the mouth . After 2 yr , one pair of molar teeth in the mouths of 151 children was compared . Twenty-six percent of glass-ionomer and 82 % of resin-based sealants were totally present ( P < 0.001 ) . During the 2 yr , in both groups 4.6 % of the sealed surfaces became carious . The results show that the retention of glass-ionomer sealants  is markedly inferior to the resin-based sealants . In this study , however , no difference in caries increment on the sealed surfaces was observed . This may be due to the different mechanism of caries prevention for the sealant material s , or to the overall low caries activity of the participants UNLABELLED Glass ionomer cement with addition of chlorhexidine used as a varnish on tooth surfaces has been shown to reduce the number of interproximal mutans streptococci ( ms ) . The effect of a single application of such a varnish containing 2.5 % chlorhexidine on occlusal caries development of the first permanent molars on 6-year-old children in a high caries incidence area was investigated . The children were examined according to WHO criteria and 262 children with 2 caries free contra-lateral molars were selected for treatment . Salivary ms sample s were collected using the Strip-mutans ( SM ) method . After brushing the occlusal surfaces with a toothbrush and pumice in water slurry , rinsing and drying with a cotton roll , glass ionomer cement containing chlorhexidine ( GI-CHX ) and glass ionomer ( GI ) were applied r and omly with a micro brush and the varnish was covered with occlusal wax . At baseline , the mean defs was 18.18 and DMFS was 0.25 and after one year 18.24 and 0.83 respectively . The salivary ms scores were high or very high ( SM 2 and 3 ) in 85.6 % at baseline . At the one-year follow up , the GI-CHX and GI material s could not be detected in the fissures . Also , a large number of fissure sealants had been placed in the molars outside the study protocol ; thus 4 % of the GI-CHX and GI , and 70 % of the untreated were sealed at year one . Overall , there was no significant difference between the caries-reducing effect of GI-CHX and GI , but a trend towards a higher effect was seen for GI-CHX . Excluding the sealed molars the reduction was 74 % in the GI-CHX-group , and 71 % in the GI-group . CONCLUSION Addition of 2.5 % chlorhexidine to glass ionomer did not seem to increase the caries-reducing effect of the varnish in this high caries incidence population Abstract Fissure sealing using partially filled resins is an established caries preventive practice . Glass ionomer cement ( GIC ) sealants may offer additional advantages due to their ability to bond chemically to enamel and release fluoride . The aim of this study was to compare the caries preventive effect and retention of a GIC and a resin-based sealant . Ketac-fil ® was tested against a chemically cured resin-based material ( Delton ® ) using a split mouth design . Perth ( Western Australia ) schoolchildren ( n= 465 ) , mean age 7 yr±0.72 ( S.D. ) , received sealants  on the occlusal surfaces of sound homologous permanent first molar pairs .  Test ( GIC ) and control ( resin ) sealants were systematic ally allocated to left and right sides based on the child 's month of birth , and were placed by dental therapists . After 3.64±0.11 yr , 415 children were examined by different clinicians , and the clinical status of the teeth and the extent of sealant retention recorded . Sealants were deemed retained when at least 2/3 of the fissure pattern was still sealed . In 252 tooth pairs , neither sealant was retained to this extent . In 71 pairs , the GIC was not retained and the resin sealant retained . In 40 pairs the reverse occurred ( McNemar 's test , χ2= 8.66 , P < 0.005 ) . Net gain ( additional lesions prevented by the test agent per 100 treatments ) was 6.1%(95 % CI 3.3 % , 8.9 % ) . Effectiveness of the GIC was 80.6 % ( 95 % CI 59.6 % , 90.7 % ) . The relative risk of caries in test teeth was 0.19 ( 95 % CI 0.09 , 0.40 ) . The study suggests that complete retention of GIC sealant is not necessary for caries prevention in newly erupted permanent first molars The aim of this community-oriented study was to evaluate different methods to prevent fissure caries . The following products and measures were tested : 1 ) glass ionomer cement ( GIC ) applied by dentist ; 2 ) same material applied by short term ( 3 days ) trained personnel ( teachers ) ; 3 ) application of a 0.5 % HF solution three times ; 4 ) an established autopolymerized resin based sealant ( Delton ) . The study was performed in Bangkok , Thail and , a city in a developing country experiencing increasing caries prevalence . Children with at least three sound permanent molars from two age groups , 7 - 8 and 12 - 13-yr-olds respectively were chosen from very low to medium socioeconomic level families . 1264 children were systematic ally assigned to experiment or control groups based on school and DMFT . For the younger age group , the 2 yr mean DFS occlusal increment in the Control group was 0.66 surfaces . Significantly lower increments were observed in the GIC experimental group : 0.17 surfaces applied by the teachers and 0.32 applied by dentist , corresponding to 74 % and 52 % reductions , respectively . The mean increment in the HF group was 0.44 surfaces , a 33 % reduction in relation to the Control group . For the 12 - 13-yr-olds , the mean occlusal surface DF increment was 0.70 surfaces in the Control group . Almost no occlusal increment was found in the Delton group , 0.05 DFS , a 93 % reduction . In the GIC Dentist group , the DFS increment was 0.48 and in the Teacher group 0.56 , corresponding to 31 % and 20 % reduction , respectively . A slight and nonsignificant increase of caries in relation to the Control group was observed in the HF group . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS The aims of the present study were to evaluate the retention and caries-preventive effect of a single application of a light-cured resin-reinforced glass-ionomer cement ( Vitrebond ) in pits and fissures of newly erupted permanent first and second molars , when compared with a single application of a resin-based sealant ( Concise White Sealant ) during a 3-year period . The study group comprised 73 pairs of contralateral newly erupted permanent first and second molars ( 136 fissure sites ) in 53 children ( 29 girls , 24 boys ) . A split-mouth experimental design was used in which the two sealants were r and omly allocated to one of the teeth within each pair . Acid etching was not used before application of the glass-ionomer cement . The sealed teeth were checked for retention and caries after 1 , 6 , 12 , 24 and 36 months . The resin-based sealant was almost totally retained after 3 years ( 97 % ) and there was no caries in these teeth . The glass-ionomer cement was increasingly lost and could be observed in only 9 % of the sealed sites after 3 years . Carious lesions developed in 10 ( 7.4 % ) sites ( nine teeth , seven children ) . It was concluded that the resin-based sealant is superior to the glass-ionomer cement in preventing caries , and that the superior retention of the resin probably is an important factor for this This study evaluated the twenty-four-month retention and effectiveness in dental caries prevention , of Vitremer and Ketac-Bond glass ionomers used as occlusal sealants . The initial sample consisted of 200 school children ages six to eight years whose permanent first molars were sound . The children were divided into two experimental groups ( group 1 Vitremer ; group 2 Ketac-Bond ) and a control group ( group 3 unsealed molars ) . Statistical analysis ( Mann-Whitney test ) revealed that there were statistically significant differences between the retention levels of the experimental groups A and B in the three evaluation periods ( six- , twelve- and twenty-four-month ) with Vitremer showing superior results . As to caries incidence , there was a statistically significant difference ( chi 2 test ) between the experimental groups ( A and B ) and the control group indicating that glass ionomers are effective for prevention of caries in the occlusal surfaces . Two independent variables were correlated with the presence of caries or that of a restored tooth after twenty-four months ( odds ratio ) revealing that children who presented white spots ( WS ) had a probability of presenting caries or restorations that was 5.0 , 3.07 and 1.93 times greater at six , twelve , and twenty-four months , respectively than that of children who did not show WS in the experimental groups A and B and in the control group , respectively . The variable represented by the " dmf " index showed a statistically significant correlation ( chi 2 test ) in the control group , in which there was a 3.26 times greater probability of children presenting a " dmf " index equal to or greater than 1 in the development of caries or who presented a restored tooth in relation to those who did not have a history of caries ( " dmf " = 0 ) Sealing occlusal pits and fissures with resin-based sealants is a proven method of preventing occlusal caries . Retention of the sealant is very essential for its efficiency . This study evaluated the retention of glass ionomer used as a fissure sealant when compared to a self-cure resin-based sealant .  One hundred and seven children between the ages of 6 - 9 years , with all four newly erupted permanent first molars were selected . Two permanent first molars on one side of the mouth were sealed with Delton , a resin-based sealant , and the contralateral two permanent first molars were sealed with Fuji VII glass ionomer cement .  Evaluation of sealant retention was performed at regular intervals over 12 months , using Simonsen 's criteria . At the end of the study period , the retention of the resin sealant  was seen to be superior to that of the glass ionomer sealant OBJECTIVE To compare the retention and the caries preventive effect of a glass-ionomer developed for fissure sealing ( Fuji III ) and a chemically polymerized resin-based fissure sealant ( Delton ) . DESIGN A split mouth r and omized design using contralateral teeth . SETTING WHO Regional Demonstration , Training and Research Center for Oral Health , Damascus , Syrian Arab Republic . SAMPLE AND METHODS 179 children , 7 years old at the start of the study , were recruited from schools close to the Center . Only children with at least one pair of permanent first molars that were caries free or only had incipient lesions were included in the study . Follow-up examinations for sealant retention were done after 6 months , 1 year , 2 years and 3 years . The number of children available for reexamination was 129 ( after 6 months ) ; 121 ( after 1 year ) ; 115 ( after 2 years ) and 116 ( after 3 years ) . Four dental hygienists were trained in the sealant procedures and did approximately one fourth of the sealants each . RESULTS After 3 years the  glass-ionomer sealant was completely lost in almost 90 % of the teeth compared to less than 10 % of the resin sealed teeth . After 3 years the relative risk of a tooth sealed with glass-ionomer over that of a tooth sealed with resin was 3.38 ( 95 % CL : 1.98 ; 5.79 ) . This finding was consistent over type of tooth . CONCLUSIONS The glass-ionomer sealant tested in the present study had poorer retention and less caries protective effect than the resin-based sealant used OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to investigate the caries-preventive effect of sealants produced with a high-viscosity glass-ionomer with an elevated powder-liquid ratio ( ART ) , of having energy added to this glass-ionomer , and that of glass-carbomer , in comparison to that of resin composite sealants . METHODS The r and omized controlled trial covered 407 children , with a mean age of 8 years . At a school compound three dentists placed sealants in pits and fissures of high caries-risk children . Evaluation by two independent evaluators was conducted after 0.5 , 1 and 2 years . The Kaplan-Meier survival method , ANOVA and t-test were used in analyzing the data . RESULTS 1352 first permanent molars were sealed . 6.6 % of children and 6.8 % of sealants dropped out within 2 years . 27 re-exposed pits and fissures , 20 in occlusal and 7 in smooth surfaces , in 25 children , developed a dentin carious lesion . The cumulative survival of dentin carious lesion-free pits and fissures in the  glass-carbomer sealant group was statistically significantly lower ( 97.4 % ) than those in the high-viscosity glass-ionomer with energy supplied ( 99 % ) and the resin-composite ( 98.9 % ) sealant groups . There was no statistically significant difference in the cumulative survival of dentin carious lesion-free pits and fissures , between the high-viscosity glass-ionomer with ( 99 % ) and without ( 98.3 % ) energy supplied sealant groups , after 2 years . SIGNIFICANCE The survival of dentin carious lesion-free pits and fissures was high in all sealant types . More dentin carious lesions were observed in the glass-carbomer sealant group
This systematic review with meta- analysis found no evidence that either material was superior to the other in the prevention of dental caries .
Thus , both material s appear equally suitable for clinical application as a fissure sealant material
The purpose of this quantitative systematic review was to appraise the evidence on the  caries-preventive effect of glass ionomer cement ( GIC ) in relation to  resin-based fissure sealants .