Clinical performance of novel resin composites in posterior teeth: 18-month results. Three-year clinical evaluation of the Clearfil Liner Bond system. Surface Roughness Changes in Denture Liners in Denture Stomatitis Patients. Comparative evaluation of 2% sodium fluoride iontophoresis and other cavity liners beneath silver amalgam restorations. A prospective study on the clinical performance of polysiloxane soft liners: one-year results. Effect of different liner treatments on postoperative sensitivity of amalgam restorations. Relationship between adhesive thickness and microtensile bond strength. Short-term clinical evaluation of post-operative sensitivity with bonded amalgams. Clinical evaluation of two packable resin-based composite restorations: a three-year report. Indirect pulp treatment: in vivo outcomes of an adhesive resin system vs calcium hydroxide for protection of the dentin-pulp complex. An in vitro investigation of pre‐treatment effects before fissure sealing Pulpal reaction to a dental adhesive in deep human cavities. Clinical Status of Ten Dentin Adhesive Systems Clinical and Histological Evaluation of Direct Pulp Capping on Human Pulp Tissue Using a Dentin Adhesive System Comparative clinical efficacy of three toothpastes in the control of supragingival calculus formation [The abrasion of amalgam and composites in the lateral dental region]. Evaluation of fissure sealants retention following four different isolation and surface preparation techniques: four years clinical trial.
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical success potential of two nanocomposites placed in posterior teeth using an antibacterial adhesive system over 18 months . METHODS A total of 49 Class I and 47 Class II restorations were placed in the permanent teeth of thirty adult patients . The carious lesions were restored with Gr and io ( Voco ) or Filtek Supreme ( 3 M ESPE ) using a two-step self-etching antibacterial adhesive system Clearfil Protect Bond ( Kuraray ) . The restorations were finished with fine-grit diamond burs , Enhance polishing system , and Sof-Lex finishing brushes . The restorations were evaluated at baseline , 6 , 12 , and 18 months after placement using modified Ryge criteria for color stability , marginal discoloration , marginal adaptation , caries formation , anatomic form , postoperative sensitivity , surface roughness , and retention . RESULTS The changes in the parameters were assessed using the Cochran Q test and the McNemar test at a significance level of p < 0.05 . All restorations were classified as clinical ly satisfactory after 18 months . Statistical analysis demonstrated differences only in superficial roughness , with Gr and io exhibiting more surface roughness than Filtek Supreme ( p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Posterior restorations built up with the novel nanocomposites using an antibacterial self-etching system showed satisfactory results at the 18-month recall appointment relative to all criteria except the surface texture in the case of Gr and io . Further evaluations are necessary for a more in-depth analysis Modern dental adhesive systems have improved the bond of restorative material s to mineralized tooth structures . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of composite restorations placed in abrasion and erosion lesions using the Clearfil Liner Bond dental adhesive system . Following ADA clinical guidelines for dentin and enamel adhesive material s , 62 facial class 5 smooth surface erosion or abrasion lesions with no undercuts and involving primarily root surfaces were restored in 25 adult male and female patients . The teeth were restored without preparations using Clearfil Liner Bond and Clearfil Photo Anterior composite resin . The clinical performance of the restorations was assessed by two examiners at baseline , 6 months , 1 , 2 , and 3 years using the following evaluative parameters : color match , marginal discoloration , and marginal integrity according to modified Ryge criteria ; the presence or absence of recurrent decay ; pre- and postoperative sensitivity ; and restoration failure due to loss of retention or other causes . At the end of 3 years , four of the 55 restorations remaining in the study failed due to lack of retention ( 92.7 % retention rate ) . The evaluations of the other clinical parameters demonstrated excellent performance by this system PURPOSE This r and omized clinical trial assessed how surface roughness ( Ra ) in resilient liners was affected by soft tissue health conditions and time-related aspects in patients with complete dentures . METHODS Specimens of acrylic resin ( control ) and denture liners ( silicone-based or acrylic resin-based ) were inserted into the dentures of patients with and without denture stomatitis ( n = 30 ) .  Ra was evaluated before denture insertion and after 7 , 14 , and 21 days of prosthesis wearing . Data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance and Student-Newman-Keuls test . RESULTS Patients with stomatitis showed a higher Ra ( P < .001 ) , while all liners presented rougher surfaces after 14 days of clinical service , irrespective of the soft tissue health condition . CONCLUSION Ra of the tested denture liners was increased in patients with denture stomatitis . It is presumed that a longer wearing period will result in rougher surfaces BACKGROUND This study was design ed to compare 2 % sodium fluoride ( NaF ) iontophoresis with other cavity liners . MATERIAL S AND METHODS This study was carried out in 30 patients in the age group 10 - 14 years with bilateral carious permanent first molars . The study evaluated the use of 2 % NaF iontophoresis as a cavity liner and also compared its desensitizing effect with varnish and an adhesive bonded liner . Sensitivity gradings were done on a subjective verbal rating scale . RESULTS All the liner treatments decreased the sensitivity following liner application . However , decrease of sensitivity in the case of 2 % NaF iontophoresis was more compared with that of varnish and adhesive bonded liner . The results were statistically significant . CONCLUSIONS It was found that 2 % NaF iontophoresis was more effective in reducing the postoperative sensitivity compared with that of varnish and scotchbond multi purpose OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to evaluate the clinical performance of four denture soft liners up to 12 months . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Thirty-three edentulous patients who experienced difficulties when using hard denture bases because of changes in denture-supporting tissues were accepted for the study and r and omly received Molloplast B , GC Reline Soft , Silagum Comfort , or Mollosil Plus relines . Performance of the material s was evaluated using nine criteria at 3 , 6 , and 12 months : physical integrity , surface detail , adhesion , color , odor , plaque accumulation , resilience , hygiene , and mucosal condition . A four-point categorized scale ( 1=poor , 2=fair , 3=good , 4=excellent ) was used . Unscheduled maintenance events and the presence of fungal colonization were also recorded . RESULTS The percentage of patients available at 3 , 6 , and 12 months were 91 % , 91 % , and 66 % . Main reasons for dropouts and discontinuation were fractured dentures and patient dissatisfaction . At 6 months , 96 % of the performance scores were good or excellent and the largest changes were observed for physical integrity , surface detail , color , and fungal colonization . Fungal colonization was the most commonly observed problem and was the only reason of failure at 12 months . CONCLUSIONS The clinical performance of all soft liners was slightly impaired over the 12-month observation . Except for cases showing extensive fungal colonization , the observed changes in clinical performance did not necessitate remaking of the dentures . Mollosil Plus showed a performance comparable to that of Molloplast B , and the other material s had slightly lower performance especially in terms of fungal colonization OBJECTIVE The purpose of this clinical study was to assess the sensitivity experienced and reported by patients following treatment of primary carious lesions with Class I or Class II amalgam restorations .  METHOD AND MATERIAL S Only previously untreated teeth were selected . The cavity preparations were treated according to one of four regimens : group 1 = no liner ; group 2 = two coats of a copal varnish ; group 3 = a dentin adhesive resin liner ; group 4 = a resin-modified glass-ionomer liner . Patients were contacted on days 2 and 7 postoperatively and question ed regarding the presence or absence of sensitivity . If sensitivity was experienced , they were asked which stimuli created the sensitivity , the length of time it lasted , and its intensity on a subjective scale . If sensitivity was experienced on day 7 , patients were also contacted on days 14 , 30 , and 90 to assess the degree of sensitivity . Nineteen teeth were included in each of the four groups . RESULTS By days 2 and 7 , no significant difference existed among groups ; by day 14 , 22 % of restorations in group 2 and 17 % of those in group 3 were sensitive , while teeth in groups 1 and 4 exhibited no sensitivity reactions . CONCLUSION Use of a resin-modified glass-ionomer liner or no dentin treatment result ed in short-term sensitivity in fewer than one third of the teeth . Almost one third of the teeth restored with a dentin adhesive resin liner or copal varnish exhibited initial sensitivity , which lasted up to 30 days in a few teeth This study evaluated the effect of the thickness of the adhesive resin layer of two commercially available resin bonding systems on bond strengths ( Single Bond and Liner Bond 2V ) . The adhesive of Single Bond contains ethanol and water as solvents and is applied using the moist-bonding technique . The adhesive of Liner Bond 2V contains no solvents and is applied after a self-etching primer treatment . Forty-six caries-free molars were ground flat to expose the dentin surface and polished with # 800-grit silicon carbide paper under running water . A vinyl tape punched with a 6 mm diameter hole was then placed on the dentin surface to demarcate the area for bonding . The thickness of the adhesive resin layer was varied by stacking an increasing numbers of vinyl tapes together . The teeth were r and omly divided into two groups and treated with either Clearfil Liner Bond 2V or Single Bond . They were further divided into subgroups according to the number of tapes placed on the dentin surface . After the bonding procedures the teeth were incrementally restored with Clearfil AP-X resin composite , building a 5 mm high crown to produce sufficient bulk for the microtensile bond test and stored in tap water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours . The teeth were then sectioned along their long axis into 0.7 mm thick slabs and trimmed for the microtensile bond test using a super-fine diamond bur . The thickness of the adhesive resin layer was then measured with a light microscope and the slabs tested in tension at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute . The results were subjected to statistical analysis by a one-way analysis of variance and linear regressions with 95 % confidence intervals . The thickness of the Clearfil Liner Bond 2V adhesive layer ranged from 5 mm-1500 mm , and for Single Bond , it varied from < 7.5 mm-430 mm . For Clearfil Liner Bond 2V , bond strengths increased significantly as the thickness of bonding layer increased ( p < 0.05 ) . However , the bond strengths of the Single Bond decreased significantly with increased thickness of the bonding layer ( p < 0.05 ) PURPOSE To compare the in vivo short-term post-operative sensitivity of teeth restored with amalgam using a  bonded resin liner vs. teeth restored using a copal varnish liner . MATERIAL S AND METHODS 20 patients received Class I or Class II contralaterally paired restorations which were placed at the same appointment . All restorations were placed by the same operator using an identical technique except that , in each r and omized pair , one was lined with an adhesive resin ( Scotchbond Multi- Purpose Plus ) while the other was lined with copal varnish . ( Plastodent ) Patients were provided visual analog scale response forms , instructed in their use , and requested to complete and return a form reporting their degree of sensitivity at baseline and on days 1 , 3 , 7 , 14 , and 30 post-operatively . Data from the response forms were analyzed for differences using a paired t-test . RESULTS A response rate of 90 % ( 18/20 ) was achieved for the complete 30-day assessment . Increases in thermal sensitivity beyond baseline were seen in 13 of the 18 subjects involving 12 restorations lined with copal varnish and 10 lined with adhesive resin . Typically , sensitivity peaked on day 1 or day 3 and diminished to pre-operative levels by day 30 . Only three subjects reported greater sensitivity at day 30 than at baseline . No significant difference in post-operative sensitivity was found between the two cavity lining material s at any post-operative interval This r and omized clinical trial sought to evaluate the performance of two packable composites over a period of 36 months . A total of 39 Class I and II restorations were placed in the permanent teeth of 20 patients . Using United States Public Health Services criteria , two investigators evaluated the restorations immediately after placement and again after 12 and 36 months , examining color match , marginal discoloration , marginal integrity , recurrent caries , proximal contact , anatomical shape , surface texture , and postoperative sensitivity . It was concluded that the packable composites evaluated showed satisfactory clinical performance after three years PURPOSE The purpose of this prospect i ve and r and omized in vivo study was to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of an adhesive resin system vs a calcium hydroxide liner for protection of the dentin-pulp complex of primary molars treated with indirect pulp treatment . METHODS Forty-eight primary molars with deep occlusal caries , but without preoperative signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis , received indirect pulp treatment and were restored with a composite resin ( Z100 ) . The teeth were r and omly divided into 2 groups according to the material used for protection of the dentin-pulp complex : ( 1 ) adhesive resin system ( Scotchbond Multi Purpose ) ; and ( 2 ) calcium hydroxide liner ( Dycal ) . These teeth were evaluated clinical ly and radiographicaly for 2 years . RESULTS After 2 years , 83 % ( 19/23 ) of the teeth treated with calcium hydroxide and 96 % ( 24/25 ) of teeth treated with only the adhesive resin system presented a successful outcome , as determined by clinical and radiographic examination . Interradicular and /or periapical lesions were the most predominant signs of treatment failure , since 3 out of 23 teeth treated with calcium hydroxide and 1 out of 25 teeth treated with only adhesive resin presented this outcome . One tooth treated with the calcium hydroxide liner was diagnosed with internal root resorption at the 18-month examination . Of the 5 teeth diagnosed from radiographs as a failure of the indirect pulp treatment , none presented clinical signs/symptoms of pulpitis or necrosis such as the presence of fistula , enhanced tooth mobility , or pain . CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that protection of the dentin-pulp complex of primary molars with an adhesive resin system results in similar clinical and radiographic 2-year outcomes as compared to calcium hydroxide when indirect pulp treatment is performed in Class I composite restorations BACKGROUND Fissure sealants prevent occlusal caries in permanent molars .  Enamel preparation methods are used before fissure sealing . AIMS To investigate effects of bioglass air-abrasion pre-treatment with and without an adhesive , on fissure enamel of permanent teeth , with respect to etchability , microleakage and microtensile bond strength . DESIGN Half of the occlusal surfaces of 50 extracted premolars underwent bioglass air-abrasion . Dye was applied to the entire occlusal surface . Photographs were taken to score etched surface by dye uptake . Adhesive was applied to 25 of the bioglass-treated areas and all teeth were fissure sealed , sectioned , and evaluated using confocal microscopy . Buccal and lingual surfaces of a further eight premolars were acid-etched and r and omly received : air-abrasion , adhesive , both , or none before sealant application for microtensile bond strength measurement in half of the sample s immediately and half following 6 months of water immersion . RESULTS Linear mixed models and multinomial logistic regression were used ( P = 0.05 ) . Bioglass air-abrasion significantly improved enamel etchability and reduced microleakage . The addition of an adhesive made no difference to either microleakage or microtensile bond strength . The combination of bioglass abrasion and adhesive led to more cohesive , rather than adhesive , failure . CONCLUSIONS Bioglass air-abrasion improved enamel etchability and reduced microleakage irrespective of the adhesive use but neither pre-treatment affected the microtensile bond strength In the last years several dental adhesives have been developed . They are supposed to chemically adhere to dentin and a liner to protect the pulp is not used . The aim of this study was to compare the short-term pulpal reaction , in an intra-toothpair study , between a dental adhesive , Scotchbond 2 , and a lining system , Tubulitec , in combination with P-50 in surface-sealed cavities . Deep buccal cavities in 16 human pairs of premolars , 32 teeth , were restored in vivo with a light cured composite resin , P-50 . To minimize bacterial contamination all cavities were treated with a cleanser , Tubulicid , and the cavities were surface-sealed with temporary cement , Coltosol . One tooth in each pair , the test , was treated with Scotchprep Dentin Primer and Scotchbond 2 Light Cure Dental Adhesive . In the other tooth in the pair , the control , Tubulitec Primer and Liner were used . The teeth were extracted after 6 - 14 days . The sections were evaluated for degree of inflammation and the presence of bacteria . Irrespective of treatment of dentin the majority of teeth , 23 , including one pulpal exposure , revealed no inflammation or a few inflammatory cells . In four test teeth , including one pulpal exposure , and two controls , growth of bacteria was found on the cavity walls and slight or moderate inflammation was seen in the corresponding pulps . In one test and two control teeth slight inflammation was seen but no bacteria could be detected . In the absence of bacteria Scotchbond 2 did not seem to irritate the pulp . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS Laboratory testing of dentin adhesive systems still requires corroboration by long-term clinical trials for their ultimate clinical effectiveness to be vali date d. The objective of this clinical investigation was to evaluate , retrospectively , the clinical effectiveness of earlier-investigated dentin adhesive systems ( Scotchbond , Gluma , Clearf il New Bond , Scotchbond 2 , Tenure , and Tripton ) , and to compare their clinical results with those obtained with four modern total-etch adhesive systems ( Bayer exp . 1 and 2 , Clearfil Liner Bond System , and Scotchbond Multi- Purpose ) . In total , 1177 Class V cervical lesions in the teeth of 346 patients were restored following two cavity design s : In Group A , enamel was neither beveled nor intentionally etched , as per ADA guidelines ; in Group B , adjacent enamel was beveled and conditioned . Clinical retention rates definitely indicated the improved clinical efficacy of the newest dentin adhesives over the earlier systems . With regard to adhesion strategy , adhesive systems that removed the smear layer and concurrently demineralized the dentin surface layer performed clinical ly better than systems that modified the disorderly layer of smear debris without complete removal . Hybridization by resin interdiffusion into the exposed dentinal collagen layer , combined with attachment of resin tags into the opened dentin tubules , appeared to be essential for reliable dentin bonding but might be insufficient by itself . The additional formation of an elastic bonding area as a polymerization shrinkage absorber and the use of a microfine restorative composite apparently guaranteed an efficient clinical result . The perfect one-year retention recorded for Clearfil Liner Bond System and Scotchbond Multi- Purpose must be confirmed at later recalls Objective . This study presents a clinical and histological evaluation of human pulp tissue responses after direct capping using a new dentin adhesive system . Methods . Twenty-eight caries-free third molar teeth scheduled for extraction were evaluated . The pulps of 22 teeth were mechanically exposed and r and omly assigned to 1 of 2 groups : Single Bond Universal or calcium hydroxide . Another group of 6 teeth acted as the intact control group . The periapical response was assayed , and a clinical examination was performed . The teeth were extracted after 6 weeks , and a histological analysis was performed . The pulp status was assessed , and the thickness of the dentin bridge was measured and categorized using a histological scoring system . Results . The clinical phase was asymptomatic for Single Bond Universal patients . Patients in the calcium hydroxide group reported mild symptoms of pain , although the histological examination revealed that dentin bridges with or without limited pulpitis had begun forming in each tooth . The universal adhesive system exhibited nonsignificantly increased histological signs of pulpitis ( P > 0.05 ) and a significantly weaker thin mineralized tissue layer ( P < 0.001 ) compared with the calcium hydroxide group . Conclusion . The results suggest that Single Bond Universal is inappropriate for human pulp capping ; however , further long-term studies are needed to determine the biocompatibility of this agent Objectives : The purpose of this double-blind , parallel clinical study was to assess clinical efficacy in supragingival calculus formation reduction using Abhaibhubejhr Herbal Toothpaste compared to Colgate Total and Colgate Cavity Protection toothpastes . Material s and Methods : A total of 150 subjects participated in the pretest phase . All subjects were given oral soft/hard tissue evaluation  , calculus examination  using  Volpe-Manhold calculus  , and whole mouth oral prophylaxis . They received noncalculus control fluoride toothpaste and a soft-bristled toothbrush to brush for 1 min two times daily for 8 weeks . After which , subjects were given a test phase oral soft/hard tissue evaluation and calculus examination and were r and omized into one of the three toothpaste groups . All subjects in the test phase received a whole mouth oral prophylaxis and were given their assigned toothpaste and a soft-bristled toothbrush to brush for 1 min two times a day for 12 weeks . Thereafter , subjects were assessed for their oral soft/hard tissue and calculus formation . Results : Mean Volpe-Manhold calculus index scores for the Cavity Protection , Abhaibhubejhr , and Total toothpaste groups were 0.78 , 0.62 , and 0.48 , respectively , at the 12-week test phase evaluation . Abhaibhubejhr and Total toothpaste groups show 20.51 % and 38.46 % significantly less calculus formation than the Cavity Protection toothpaste group ( P < 0.05 ) . Total toothpaste group also show 22.58 % significantly less calculus formation than the Abhaibhubejhr toothpaste group ( P < 0.05 ) . Conclusion : The use of Colgate Total toothpaste over a 12-week period was clinical ly more effective than either Abhaibhubejhr or Colgate Cavity Protection toothpastes in controlling supragingival calculus formation In 41 patients class 11 cavities each of the lower jaw were filled with the material s Adaptic , Concise cap , Epoxydent or amalgam . The models made from impressions were systemically measured by a coordinate measuring machine according to a procedure determined by us ( measuring error of this method about 15 micron ) . After one year the following abrasions were found : amalgam 18 micron + /- 58 micron , Adaptic 92 micron + /- 97 micron , Concise Cap 146 micron + /- 75 micron , Epoxydent 38 micron + /- 50 micron . Evaluation of the clinical examination showed that the material s Concise and Epoxydent were significantly inferior as regards border closure than amalgam and Adaptic . We determined further that a large percentage of composite filling showed visible discoloration of the borders ( Adaptic 42 % , Concise 55 % , Epoxydent 80 % ) . Many of the fillings were discolored after a year .  Adaptic was highly significantly different with 31.6 % discolored fillings to both other material s ( Concise 79 % , Epoxydent 78.4 % ) The purpose of this study was to evaluate the retention of fissure sealants  , applied with 4 different combinations of isolation and preparation of occlusal surface . In 95 children aged 7 - 8 years , having all four first permanent molars fully erupted and caries free , a chemically initiated tinted fissure sealant was placed with the following 4 different methods in every child . 1 ) Tooth 16 : Cotton rolls isolation and cleaning of occlusal surface using a bristle brush and non-fluori date d paste . 2 ) Tooth 26 : Rubber dam isolation and mechanical preparation of pits and fissures using a round bur No. 0 in a slow h and -piece . 3 ) Tooth 36 : Rubber dam isolation and cleaning of occlusal surface using a bristle brush and non-fluori date d paste . 4 ) Tooth 46 : Isolation with cotton rolls and mechanical preparation of pits and fissures using a round bur No. 0 in a slow h and -piece .  Eighty children were available for re-examination 4 years later ( 320 teeth ) . The 4 methods of application showed the following success rates of full retention : 1 ) 81 % 2 ) 88 % 3 ) 91 % 4 ) 93 % . Although statistical analysis of the results revealed only marginal statistically significant difference among the four different methods of application ( p = 0.091 ) , there was statistical significant difference ( p = 0.031 ) between methods 1 and 4 . No differences were detected among the remaining methods . The present trial revealed best sealant retention using a combination of cotton rolls isolation and mechanical preparation of the occlusal surface . ( ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS
Conclusion Adhesion to the prosthesis base is improved with surface treatments .
Rough surfaces and changes in hardness compromise the material 's serviceability
Purpose The objective of this systematic review is to compare results concerning the properties of adhesion , roughness , and hardness of dental liners obtained in the last ten years .