A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing 2 Interventions for Visual Field Loss With Standard Occupational Therapy During Inpatient Stroke Rehabilitation Return to work of cancer patients after a multidisciplinary intervention including occupational counselling and physical exercise in cancer patients: a prospective study in the Netherlands Effect of Discharge Recommendations on Outcome Effectiveness of a Coordinated and Tailored Return-to-Work Intervention for Sickness Absence Beneficiaries with Mental Health Problems Trajectories and predictors of return to work after traumatic limb injury--a 2-year follow-up study. Effects of a short-term occupational therapy intervention in an acute geriatric unit. A randomized clinical trial. Effect of an intervention to enhance guideline adherence of occupational physicians on return-to-work self-efficacy in workers sick-listed with common mental disorders Effectiveness of workplace interventions in rehabilitating musculoskeletal disorders and preventing its consequences among workers with physical and sedentary employment: systematic review protocol A study on additional early physiotherapy after stroke and factors affecting functional recovery Blended E-health module on return to work embedded in collaborative occupational health care for common mental disorders: design of a cluster randomized controlled trial A Prospective Study of the Effectiveness of Early Intervention with High-risk Back-injured Workers—A Pilot Study Return to Work/Work Retention Outcomes of a Functional Restoration Program: A Multi‐center, Prospective Study With a Comparison Group Thoughts and feelings of future working life as a predictor of return to work: a combined qualitative and quantitative study of sick-listed persons with musculoskeletal disorders In-Home Tele-Rehabilitation Improves Tetraplegic Hand Function Self Perceptions as Predictors for Return to Work 2 Years After Rehabilitation in Orthopedic Trauma Inpatients Feasibility and results of a randomised pilot-study of pre-discharge occupational therapy home visits The effects of in-home rehabilitation on task self-efficacy in mobility-impaired adults: A randomized clinical trial.
Background and Purpose . Compensatory and restorative treatments have been developed to improve visual field defects after stroke . However , no controlled trials have compared these interventions with st and ard occupational therapy ( OT ) . Methods . A total of 45 stroke participants with visual field defect admitted for inpatient rehabilitation were r and omized to restorative computerized training ( RT ) using computer-based stimulation of border areas of their visual field defects or to a computer-based compensatory therapy ( CT ) teaching a visual search strategy . OT , in which different compensation strategies were used to train for activities of daily living , served as st and ard treatment for the active control group . Each treatment group received 15 single sessions of 30 minutes distributed over 3 weeks . The primary outcome measures were visual field expansion for RT , visual search performance for CT , and reading performance for both treatments . Visual conjunction search , alertness , and the Barthel Index were secondary outcomes . Results . Compared with OT , CT result ed in a better visual search performance , and RT did not result in a larger expansion of the visual field . Intragroup pre – post comparisons demonstrated that CT improved all defined outcome parameters and RT several , whereas OT only improved one . Conclusions . CT improved functional deficits after visual field loss compared with st and ard OT and may be the intervention of choice during inpatient rehabilitation . A larger trial that includes lesion location in the analysis is recommended Objectives To support return to work ( RTW ) among cancer patients , a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme was developed which combined occupational counselling with a supervised physical exercise programme during chemotherapy . The aim was to investigate RTW rates of cancer patients and to evaluate changes in work-related quality of life and physical outcomes . Design Longitudinal prospect i ve intervention study using a one-group design . Setting Two hospitals in the Netherl and s. Participants Of the eligible patients , 56 % participated ; 93 patients with a primary diagnosis of cancer receiving chemotherapy and on sick leave were included . Patients completed question naires on RTW , the importance of work , work ability ( WAI ) , RTW self-efficacy , fatigue ( MFI ) , and quality of life ( EORTC QLQ C-30 ) at baseline and 6 , 12 and 18 months follow-up . Before and after the exercise programme 1-repetition maximum ( 1RM ) muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness ( VO2 peak ) were assessed . Results Six months after the start of a multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme that combined occupational counselling with a supervised physical exercise programme , 59 % of the cancer patients returned to work , 86 % at 12 months and 83 % at 18 months . In addition , significant improvements ( p<0.05 ) in the importance of work , work ability , RTW self-efficacy , and quality of life were observed , whereas fatigue levels were significantly reduced . After completing the exercise programme , 1RM muscle strength was significantly increased but there was no improvement in VO2 peak level . Conclusions RTW rates of cancer patients were high after completion of the multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme . A multidisciplinary rehabilitation programme which combines occupational counselling with a supervised physical exercise programme is likely to result in RTW , reduced fatigue and increased importance of work , work ability , and quality of life Study Design The incidence of two common discharge recommendations , return to work unrestricted ( RTWU ) and restricted ( RTWR ) suggested that most restrictions were applied on the basis of patients ' subjective reports of pain or therapist 's unfounded fears that return to full duty would result in physical harm . Objectives This prospect i ve study compares the therapist 's return to work recommendation to the patient 's actual work status and analyzes the effect of that recommendation on outcome . Methods There were 1438 consecutive patients review ed by structured telephone interviews  during the two halves of the study : the control group when pain was accepted as a reason for restriction and the study group when it was not . Summary of Background Data In the control group , 44 % of the patients were recommended to RTWU ; for the study group , 81 % received this recommendation . Compliance was 84 % for the control subjects and 78 % for the study group . Results The absolute number of patients who returned to unrestricted work doubled in the study group . Conclusions The probability of a successful return to normal duty increased with a recommendation of RTWU ( P = 0.0001 ) , whereas the probability of failure increased when restrictions were imposed ( P = 0.0001 ) Purpose Sickness absence and exclusion from the labour market due to mental health problems ( MHPs ) is a growing concern in many countries . Knowledge about effective return-to-work ( RTW ) intervention models is still limited , but a multidisciplinary , coordinated and tailored approach has shown promising results in the context of musculoskeletal disorders . The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of this approach as implemented among sickness absence beneficiaries with MHPs . Methods In a quasi-r and omised , controlled trial , we assessed the intervention ’s effect in terms of time to RTW and labour market status after 1 year . We used two different analytical strategies to compare time to RTW between participants receiving the intervention ( n = 88 ) and those receiving conventional case management ( n = 80 ) : ( 1 ) a traditional multivariable regression analysis controlling for measured confounding , and ( 2 ) an instrumental variable ( IV ) analysis controlling for unmeasured confounding . Results The two analytical approaches provided similar results in terms of a longer time to RTW among recipients of the intervention ( HR = 0.50 ; 95 % CI 0.34–0.75 ) , although the estimate provided by the IV- analysis was non-significant ( HR = 0.70 ; 95 % CI 0.23–2.12 ) . After 1 year , more recipients of the intervention than of conventional case management were receiving sickness absence benefits ( p = 0.031 ) . Conclusion The intervention  delayed RTW compared to conventional case management , after accounting for measured confounding . The delayed RTW may be due to either implementation or program failure , or both . It may also reflect the complexity of retaining employees with mental health problems in the workplace OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore the trajectories of  return to work ( RTW )  and examine the predictors of different trajectories among workers following traumatic limb injury . METHODS A total of 804 participants were recruited during hospital admission for a 2-year prospect i ve study . The RTW outcome was repeatedly assessed at 1 , 3 , 6 , 12 , 18 , and 24 months after the injury . A group-based trajectory model ( GBTM ) was employed to identify trajectories of RTW among the participants . Comparisons of group characteristics of different trajectories were performed based on a multinomial logistic regression . RESULTS GBTM identified three distinct trajectories of RTW : ( i ) fast RTW consisted of workers with early and stable RTW status from the first month after the injury ; ( ii ) average RTW consisted of workers who achieved and remained at a stable RTW status within 6 months ; and ( iii ) slow RTW consisted of workers who had slow and unsustainable RTW status within the 2-year follow-up period . The estimated proportions were 21.5 % , 50.7 % , and 27.8 % , respectively . Workers with slow and unsustainable RTW after injury were found to be older , married , less educated , employed as repair personnel/operators/laborers , seriously injured , and depressed ; they were also found to feel more disturbance in daily life , have lower self-efficacy , and believe they experience a poorer quality of life . CONCLUSION Following traumatic limb injury , individual workers showed three distinct RTW trajectories , each of which was associated with different categories of biopsychosocial factors . An underst and ing of how different factors contribute to increasing the likelihood of RTW for injured workers in each trajectory group should aid policy-making in worker-oriented vocational rehabilitation programs OBJECTIVES To compare the benefits of a short-term occupational therapy intervention ( OTI ) when added to the conventional treatment model ( CTM ) in the functional recovery of patients admitted to an acute geriatric unit ( AGU ) . STUDY DESIGN Non-pharmacological r and omized clinical trial . 400 patients were r and omized to OTI ( n = 198 ) or CTM ( n = 202 ) group . Mean age 83.5 . Interventions included needs assessment , iatrogenic prevention , retraining in activities of daily living , and instructions for caregivers in three groups of patients defined a priori ( cardiopulmonary disease , stroke , other conditions ) 5 days a week , 30 - 45 min a day . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Recovery of ≥ 10 Barthel index points by discharge . Secondary outcome was the reduction in confusional episodes . RESULTS The adjusted relative risk ( RR ) of functional recovery in the OTI group was 1.16 ( 95%CI 0.91 - 1.47 ) . In participants with cardiopulmonary disease was 1.57 ( 95%CI 1.06 - 2.32 ) , number needed to treat ( NNT ) 5 . Participants with other conditions assigned to OTI had a reduction in acute confusional episodes ; RR 0.48 ( 95 % CI 0.26 - 0.87 ) , NNT 7 . CONCLUSIONS Although overall there were no significant differences , patients with cardiopulmonary disease or non-stroke pathologies admitted to an AGU , may benefit from a short-term OTI Background Since a higher level of self-efficacy in common mental disorders is associated with earlier return-to-work ( RTW ) , it is important to know if work related self-efficacy can be increased by occupational health care . The primary aim of this study was to evaluate whether an intervention to enhance guideline adherence of occupational physicians lead to an increase in RTW self-efficacy in workers three months later . The secondary aim was to evaluate whether the intervention modified the association between RTW self-efficacy and return-to-work three months later . Methods A total of 66 occupational physicians participated in the study . They were r and omized into two groups ; the intervention group received a training , the control group did not . The training aim ed to enhance adherence to a mental health guideline that contained strategies that are supposed to enhance RTW self-efficacy . In 128 sick-listed workers guided by these occupational physicians , RTW self-efficacy , RTW , and personal , health-related and work-related variables were measured at baseline and three months later . Generalized linear mixed models analysis and linear mixed models analysis were used for the evaluations . Results In workers whose occupational physicians had received the training RTW self-efficacy increased significantly more than in workers whose occupational physicians had participated in the control group ( t = −2.626 , p ≤ .05 ) . Higher baseline RTW self-efficacy scores were significantly more often associated with full RTW than with no RTW three months later ( OR 2.20 , 95 % CI 1.18–4.07 ) , but the intervention did not affect this association . Conclusions This study showed that a training to enhance guideline adherence of occupational physicians leads to increased RTW self-efficacy in workers sick-listed with common mental disorders during the first months of sickness absence in a real-life occupational health care setting . This insight is helpful for optimizing the recovery and RTW process , and for underst and ing the role of RTW self-efficacy in this process . Trial registration IS RCT Background Musculoskeletal disorders ( MSDs ) are the leading cause of work disability and sickness absence worldwide . The prevalence of MSDs increases with age , consequently challenging sustainable employability among the growing ageing workforce . Knowledge of feasible and efficient workplace-based interventions to rehabilitate MSD or prevent its consequences is therefore warranted . This systematic review will evaluate the effectiveness of workplace-based interventions on MSDs and its consequences among adult workers with physical and sedentary work tasks , respectively . Methods We will search the following bibliographic data bases : PubMed ( including the data base ‘ MEDLINE ’ ) and Web of Science Core Collection ( including the data bases ‘ Science Citation Index Exp and ed ’ , ‘ Social Sciences Citation Index ’ and ‘ Arts & Humanities Citation Index ’ ) . Manual search es will also be performed . We will include r and omised controlled trials ( RCTs ) and non- RCTs reported in English in which ( 1 ) participants are adult workers with MSD , ( 2 ) interventions are aim ing at rehabilitating pain symptoms of MSD or preventing the consequences of MSD and ( 3 ) interventions are initiated and /or carried out at the workplace . The review will adhere to the ‘ Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review s and Meta-Analyses ’ ( PRISMA ) guidelines for reporting systematic review s and the Institute for Work and Health ( IWH ) guidelines for workplace-based interventions . For the primary evaluation of the review , the quality assessment and evidence synthesis will conform to the IWH guidelines . Secondary evaluation will include a meta- analysis ( unless the included studies do not allow this due to heterogeneity ) and employ the risk of bias domains recommended by Cochrane along with the Grading of Recommendations , Assessment , Development and Evaluations ( GRADE ) approach on the studies with pain intensity as an outcome . Discussion This systematic review will provide knowledge on effective workplace-based interventions among physical and sedentary workers with MSD . RCTs are considered the most powerful experimental design in clinical trials , but solely including these may be too restrictive to underst and effective workplace-based interventions where r and omised and carefully controlled trials ( RCTs ) are not always possible . In order to maximize practical relevance , the selection process will , therefore , include both RCTs and non- RCTs and the quality assessment and evidence synthesis will conform to IWH guidelines focusing on developing practical guidelines for stakeholders . The result of this work will form the basis for industry-specific evidence -based recommendations on effective workplace-based interventions for rehabilitation of MSDs and its consequences that will later be operationalised into concrete and user-friendly practical tools for workplaces . Systematic review registration International Prospect i ve Register of Systematic Review s ( PROSPERO ) number CRD42018116752 Objective : To investigate whether additional early physiotherapy after stroke improved functional recovery in stroke patients . Design : A prospect i ve , r and omized , controlled study . Setting : One stroke ward and an acute stroke unit in a large teaching hospital , southern China . Subjects : Patients with first-onset stroke consecutively admitted to the stroke centre . Interventions : One group ( n = 78 ) received additional early physiotherapy ( AEP ) for 45 minutes , five days a week for four weeks starting within the first week since stroke onset ; the routine therapy ( RT ) group ( n = 78 ) received no professional rehabilitation therapy . Main outcome measures : Glasgow Coma Scale , Mini-Mental State Examination , Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Recovery , Clinical Neurological Deficit Scale and Modified Barthel Index ( MBI ) . Results : Patients from the AEP group had a high drop-out rate ( n = 28 ) , but those remaining made relatively better functional recovery at 30 days than those from the RT group if measured by MBI . Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that cognitive disturbance , aphasia , double incontinence , site of lesion and sensory impairment might affect functional recovery after stroke . Conclusions : Additional early physiotherapy might improve independence of patients after stroke but failed to show benefit in other aspects in our study . Cognitive disturbance , aphasia , double incontinence , site of lesion as well as sensory impairment might affect functional outcome after stroke Background Common mental disorders ( CMD ) have a major impact on both society and individual workers , so return to work ( RTW ) is an important issue . In The Netherl and s , the occupational physician plays a central role in the guidance of sick-listed workers with respect to RTW . Evidence -based guidelines are available , but seem not to be effective in improving RTW in people with CMD . An intervention supporting the occupational physician in guidance of sick-listed workers combined with specific guidance regarding RTW is needed . A blended E-health module embedded in collaborative occupational health care is now available , and comprises a decision aid supporting the occupational physician and an E-health module , Return@Work , to support sick-listed workers in the RTW process . The cost-effectiveness of this intervention will be evaluated in this study and compared with that of care as usual . Methods This study is a two-armed cluster r and omized controlled trial , with r and omization done at the level of occupational physicians . Two hundred workers with CMD on sickness absence for 4–26 weeks will be included in the study . Workers whose occupational physician is allocated to the intervention group will receive the collaborative occupational health care intervention . Occupational physicians allocated to the care as usual group will give conventional sickness guidance . Follow-up assessment s will be done at 3 , 6 , 9 , and 12 months after baseline . The primary outcome is duration until RTW . The secondary outcome is severity of symptoms of CMD . An economic evaluation will be performed as part of this trial . Conclusion It is hypothesized that collaborative occupational health care intervention will be more (cost)-effective than care as usual . This intervention is innovative in its combination of a decision aid by email sent to the occupational physician and an E-health module aim ed at RTW for the sick-listed worker Introduction It was postulated that workers , at the sub-acute stage after injury , respond differently to clinical and occupational interventions offered in a workers ’ compensation environment . Individual worker risk of disability , it was further believed , would influence the effectiveness of early intervention . The objective of the current pilot study was to evaluate return to work ( RTW ) outcomes following proactive , combined clinical , occupational and case management-based interdisciplinary early intervention , provided in a workers ’ compensation environment 4–10 weeks of onset of back pain , to workers with medium and high risk for disability . Methods The project was a controlled study comparing conventional workers ’ compensation case management with integrated , interdisciplinary and multimodal early intervention ( hereinafter referred to as “ EI ” ) . At baseline , risk status was determined by a vali date d Risk for Disability Question naire by Carragee et al. ( Spine 5(1):24–35 , 2005 ) . Seventeen workers at high risk of protracted disability and 20 workers at moderate risk of disability received conventional case management , and 17 workers assessed at high risk of protracted disability and 18 workers at moderate risk of disability received the Early Intervention . Results At 3 months post back pain onset , no statistically significant differences were identified in RTW outcomes between conventional case management and the Early Intervention . However , by 6 months post back pain onset , workers at high risk of work disability who received the Early Intervention were significantly more likely to RTW than high risk workers who received conventional case management . In contrast , moderate risk workers continued to exhibit no statistically significant differences in RTW outcomes . Conclusion Multimodal Early Intervention in the workers ’ compensation case management context is likely effective for workers with sub-acute back pain who are at high risk of occupational disability . The comprehensive Early Intervention is , however , likely redundant for workers who are not at high risk for disability and should not be applied indiscriminately . Further studies are required to determine longer-term Early Intervention outcomes , and to replicate the findings using a r and omized control design . Also , with a larger sample size , it will be possible to determine predictors of occupational outcomes Study Design This was a study of a st and ardized functional restoration program that included 11 centers in saven states , involving 303 patients in the treatment group and 94 patients in the comparison group . Objective To illustrative the positive effect a functional restoration program has on return to work rates and work retention regardless of previous surgical intervention . Summary of Background Data Data were obtained from the initial and discharge evaluations as well as at 6− and 12-month follow-up . Methods Patients received a st and ardized work capacity assessment upon entrance and were recommended to the program if they adhered to specific entrance criteria . Treatment patients received the same evaluation at discharge . Results Significant improvement in functional abilities , actual return to work , and work retention were noted in the treatment group regardless of treatment intervention . Conclusions This study demonstrated improved return to work rates and work retention with surgical and nonsurgical patients after their participation in a functional restoration program Purpose . The main aim of this study was to describe the thoughts and feelings of future working life related to return to work ( RTW ) in sick-listed persons due to musculoskeletal disorders ( MSD ) . Further aim was to compare these descriptions with the person 's actual working situation 1 , 5 and 10 years after a rehabilitation period . Methods . This study consisted of two parts . The first part had an explorative design , and qualitative content analysis was chosen in order to analyse the response to an open question regarding future working life answered before , persons sick-listed due to MSD ( n = = 320 ) , took part in a rehabilitation programme 10 years ago . The second part had a prospect i ve design and quantitative analysis was used to compare the results of the qualitative analysis with RTW and the working situation 1 , 5 and 10 years after baseline . Results . Three categories emerged from the data with a total of nine subcategories . In the categories Motivation and optimism and Limitations to overcome , there were significantly more persons who had RTW 1 year after baseline when compared with the category Hindrance and hesitation . There were also some significant differences between the subcategories . Conclusions . The question , regarding thoughts and feelings of future working life , may be a simple screening method to predict RTW in persons sick-listed with MSD . This will guide the rehabilitation team to adjust the rehabilitation to each person 's needs and facilitating RTW Background . Spinal cord injury ( SCI ) survivors with tetraplegia have great difficulty performing activities of daily living ( ADLs ) . Functional electrical stimulation ( FES ) combined with exercise therapy ( ET ) can improve h and function , but delivering the treatment is problematic . Objective . To compare 2 ET treatments delivered by in-home tele-therapy ( IHT ) . Methods . Each treatment involved ET , tele-supervised 1 h/d , 5 d/wk for 6 weeks . Treatment 1 : “ conventional ET ” comprised strength training , computer games played with a trackball , and therapeutic electrical stimulation ( TES ) . Treatment 2 : “ ReJoyce ET ” comprised FES-ET on a workstation , the Rehabilitation Joystick for Computerized Exercise ( ReJoyce ) with which participants played computer games associated with ADLs . Participants were block-r and omized into group 1 receiving conventional ET first , followed by 1-month washout , and then ReJoyce ET and group 2 in reverse order . In all , 13 participants took part , 5 completing the study with both h and s , such that both groups had a sample size of 9 . Primary outcome measure : Action Research Arm Test ( ARAT ) . Secondary outcome measures : grasp and pinch forces and the ReJoyce automated h and function test ( RAHFT ) . Results . ARAT scores improved more after ReJoyce ET ( 13.0 % ± 9.8 % ) than after conventional ET ( 4.0 % ± 9.6 % ; F = 10.6 , P < .01 ) . RAHFT scores also improved more after ReJoyce ET ( 16.9 % ± 8.6 % ) than conventional ET ( 3.3 % ± 10.2 % ; F = 20.4 , P < .01 ) . Conclusions . FES-ET on a workstation , supervised over the Internet , is feasible and may be effective for patients who can meet the residual motor function requirements of our study Purpose This study aim ed to identify self-perception variables which may predict return to work ( RTW ) in orthopedic trauma patients 2 years after rehabilitation . Methods A prospect i ve cohort investigated 1,207 orthopedic trauma in patients , hospitalised in rehabilitation , clinics at admission , discharge , and 2 years after discharge . Information on potential predictors was obtained from self administered question naires . Multiple logistic regression models were applied . Results In the final model , a higher likelihood of RTW was predicted by : better general health and lower pain at admission ; health and pain improvements during hospitalisation ; lower impact of event ( IES-R ) avoidance behaviour score ; higher IES-R hyperarousal score , higher SF-36 mental score and low perceived severity of the injury . Conclusion RTW is not only predicted by perceived health , pain and severity of the accident at the beginning of a rehabilitation program , but also by the changes in pain and health perceptions observed during hospitalisation Background Pre-discharge home visits aim to maximise independence in the community . These visits involve assessment of a person in their own home prior to discharge from hospital , typically by an occupational therapist . The therapist may provide equipment , adapt the home environment and /or provide education . The aims of this study were to investigate the feasibility of a r and omised controlled trial in a clinical setting and the effect of pre-discharge home visits on functional performance in older people undergoing rehabilitation . Methods Ten patients participating in an inpatient rehabilitation program were r and omly assigned to receive either a pre-discharge home visit ( intervention ) , or st and ard practice in-hospital assessment and education ( control ) , both conducted by an occupational therapist . The pre-discharge home visit involved assessment of the older person 's function and environment , and education , and took an average of 1.5 hours . The hospital-based interview took an average of 40 minutes . Outcome data were collected by a blinded assessor at 0 , 2 , 4 , 8 and 12 weeks . Outcomes included performance of activities of daily living , reintegration to community living , quality of life , readmission and fall rates . Results Recruitment of 10 participants was slow and took three months . Observed performance of functional abilities did not differ between groups due to the small sample size . Difference in activities of daily living participation , as recorded by the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living scale , was statistically significant but wide confidence intervals and low statistical power limit interpretation of results . Conclusion Evaluation of pre-discharge home visits by occupational therapists in a rehabilitation setting is feasible , but a more effective recruitment strategy for a main study is favored by application of a multi-centre setting OBJECTIVES To examine the effect on mobility self-efficacy of a multifactorial , individualized , occupational/physical therapy ( OT/PT ) intervention delivered via teletechnology or in-home visits . DESIGN R and omized , clinical trial . SETTING One Department of Veterans Affairs and one private rehabilitation hospital . PARTICIPANTS Sixty-five community-dwelling adults with new mobility devices . Thirty-three were r and omized to the control or usual care group ( UCG ) , 32 to the intervention group ( IG ) . INTERVENTION Four , once-weekly , 1-hour OT/PT sessions targeting three mobility and three transfer tasks . A therapist delivered the intervention in the traditional home setting ( trad group n = 16 ) or remotely via teletechnology ( tele group n = 16 ) . MEASUREMENTS Ten-item Likert-scale measure of mobility self-efficacy . RESULTS The IG had a statistically significantly greater increase in overall self-efficacy over the study period than the UCG ( mean change : IG 8.8 , 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) = 3.8 - 13.7 ; UCG 1.2 , 95 % CI = -5.8 - 8.2 ) . Descriptively , the IG exhibited positive changes in self-efficacy for all tasks and greater positive change than the UCG on all items with the exception of getting in and out of a chair . Comparisons of the two treatment delivery methods showed a medium st and ardized effect size ( SES ) in both the tele and trad groups , although it did not reach statistical significance for the tele group ( SES : tele = 0.35 , 95 % CI = -2.5 - 0.95 ; trad = 0.54 , 95 % CI = 0.06 - 1.14 ) . CONCLUSION A multifactorial , individualized , home-based OT/PT intervention can improve self-efficacy in mobility-impaired adults . The trend toward increased self-efficacy irrespective of the mode of rehabilitation delivery suggests that telerehabilitation can be a viable alternative to or can augment traditional in-home therapy
Results show systematic review ing of OTIs on RTW was challenging due to varying population s , different outcome measures , and poor descriptions of methodology .
There is evidence that OTIs as part of rehabilitation programs , increase RTW rates , although the method ological evidence of most studies is weak .
Background The primary aim of this review study was to gather evidence on the effectiveness in terms of return to work ( RTW ) of occupational therapy interventions ( OTIs ) in rehabilitation patients with non-congenital disorders .
A secondary aim was to be able to select the most efficient OTI .