The longevity of different restorations in primary teeth. Randomized clinical trial of adhesive restorations in primary molars. 18-month results. Clinical Investigation of Two Glass–Ionomer Restoratives Used with the Atraumatic Restorative Treatment Approach in China: Two–Years Results Clinical investigation of a high-strength glass ionomer restorative used with the ART technique in Wuhan, China: one-year results. Two-year clinical performance of sonic-resin placement system in posterior restorations. Survival characteristics of composite restorations in primary teeth One-year evaluation of two hybrid composites placed in a randomized-controlled clinical trial. Reasons for restorative therapy and the longevity of restorations in adults A prospective randomized clinical trial of one bis-GMA-based and two ormocer-based composite restorative systems in class II cavities: Five-year results. Comparison of atraumatic restorative treatment and conventional restorative procedures in a hospital clinic: evaluation after 30 months. Long-term clinical evaluation of fracture and pulp injury following glass-ionomer cement or composite resin applied as a base filling in teeth restored with amalgam. Survival of glass ionomer restorations placed in primary molars using atraumatic restorative treatment (ART) and conventional cavity preparations: 2-year results. A prospective randomised clinical trial of one bis-GMA-based and two ormocer-based composite restorative systems in class II cavities: three-year results. Clinical evaluation of a polyacid-modified resin composite (compomer) in Class II restorations of primary teeth: a two-year follow-up study. Evaluation of various root canal filling materials in primary molar pulpectomies: an in vivo study. Randomized, controlled trial comparing the retention of a flowable restorative system with a conventional resin sealant: one-year follow up. Survival of Fuji IX ART fillings in permanent teeth of primary school children in Tanzania.
BACKGROUND AND AIM This paper review s three published papers and adds results from a fourth study which aim ed to determine which restorative material would be the best alternative(s ) to amalgam ( AM )  in primary teeth . DESIGN All studies had a practice -based design and were part of the routine treatment of children and adolescents . The clinicians were assigned which material s to use in a r and omised matter in the first three studies which lasted for 7 - 8 years . In the fourth study conducted 4 years after the initial studies , the clinicians were free to select the restorative material s. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Resin modified glass ionomer ( RMGI ) and compomer ( COM ) restorations showed similar longevity compared with AM , whereas conventional GI restorations showed significantly shorter longevity . The studies indicated that the ' new and improved ' material s based on in vitro tests did not always show enhanced clinical properties . In the last study , where clinicians freely selected the restorative material s they used in their practice s , seven used COM , one used conventional GI material s and one used a combination of the two types of material PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical performance of adhesive restorations of resin composite and resin-modified glass-ionomer cements in primary molars . METHODS This r and omized clinical trial included subjects ( 5 - 9 year-old children ) selected at two university centers ( UFRGS and UNIFRA ) . The sample consisted of 132 primary molars presenting active cavitated carious lesions ( with radiographic involvement of the inner half of the dentin ) , located on the occlusal and occlusal-proximal surface . The sample was r and omly divided into three groups , according to the restorative material : ( G1 ) universal restorative system ( Adper Single Bond 2 system and Filtek Z350 ) ; ( G2 ) : Resin-modified glass-ionomer cement ( Vitremer ) ; and ( G3 ) : Low shrink restorative system ( Filtek P90 ) . The restorations were clinical ly and radiographically followed every 6 months for up to 18 months using the USPHS modified criteria for clinical evaluation . Survival estimates for restoration longevity were evaluated using the Kaplan-Meier method . Log-rank test ( P < 0.05 ) was used to compare the differences in the success rate according to the type of the restorative material . RESULTS The type of restorative material used did not influence the longevity of the restorations . After clinical follow-up , there was no statistical difference in the rates of success for the three material s used to restore active cavitated carious lesions in primary molars . The survival rates for the follow-up were similar regarding the number of restored surfaces and the caries removal technique ( partial or complete ) . Mean estimated time of survival was 17.2 months ( 95 % CI : 16.7 - 17.7 ) . Estimated survival rates of the restorations were 100 % , 98 % , 88 % and 65 % at 1 , 6 , 12 and 18 months of clinical evaluations , respectively Objective : To compare the clinical performance of two glass – ionomer cements , ChemFlex ( Dentsply DeTrey ) and Fuji IX GP ( GC ) , when used with the atraumatic restorative treatment ( ART ) approach in China . Methods : Eighty – nine school children aged between 6 and 14 years who had bilateral matched pairs of carious posterior teeth were included . A split – mouth design was used in which the two material s were r and omly placed on contralateral sides . The performance of the restorations was assessed directly and also indirectly from die – stone replicas at baseline and after 6 , 12 , and 24 months . Results : The 24–month cumulative survival rates of ART restorations  in the primary teeth were 93 and 90 % for the ChemFlex and Fuji IX GP class I restorations , respectively , while 40 and 46 % of class II restorations placed with the respective material s were satisfactory . In the permanent dentition , only class I restorations were involved and the cumulative survival rates were 95 and 96 % for ChemFlex and Fuji IX GP . For the primary teeth after 24 months , net mean occlusal wear was 87 µm for ChemFlex and 85 µm for Fuji IX GP . The occlusal wear in the permanent teeth was 75 µm for ChemFlex and 79 µm for Fuji IX GP . Conclusion : The clinical performance of both material s over a 24–month period was similar and the survival rates of class I ART restorations  in both primary and permanent teeth were high OBJECTIVE To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of a new glass ionomer restorative , ChemFlex , and to compare its clinical performance and wear to another popular material , Fuji IX GP , when used with the atraumatic restorative treatment ( ART ) approach in posterior teeth in school children . METHODS Ninety-two subjects aged between 6 and 14 years who had bilateral matched pairs of carious posterior teeth were selected . A split-mouth experimental design was used in which the two restorative material s were r and omly placed on contralateral sides . The restorations were assessed directly and also indirectly from color transparencies and die replicas . RESULTS After one year , the success rates of ART restorations  in the primary teeth were 96.6 % for ChemFlex restorations and 89.7 % for Fuji IX GP restorations placed in the Class I cavity preparations , whereas only 46.2 % ( ChemFlex ) and 61.5 % ( Fuji IX GP ) of Class II restorations were assessed as clinical ly satisfactory . In the permanent dentition , the success rates were 94.6 % and 98.2 % for ChemFlex and Fuji IX GP , respectively ; however , there was no statistically significant difference between the two restoratives for either the permanent or primary teeth . The mean occlusal wear after one year in the permanent teeth was 53.2 microns for ChemFlex and 56.3 microns for Fuji IX GP . Again , there were no statistically significant differences in wear between the two material s ( P > 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION The clinical performance of both ChemFlex and Fuji IX GP over a 12-month period was highly satisfactory and completely adequate for the ART technique , particularly in Class I cavities OBJECTIVE The objective of this split-mouth r and omized controlled study was to compare the 2-year clinical performance of two restorative techniques and material s for posterior permanent carious teeth . METHOD AND MATERIAL S After signing informed consent , 30 patients aged between 7 and 16 received two Class 1 restorations on cavities on permanent first or second molar teeth performed with one of two systems : incrementally placed conventional posterior composite resin ( Herculite Ultra , Kerr ) , and sonic-resin placement system ( SonicFill , Kerr ) with single-component self-etch adhesive system ( Kerr ) according to the manufacturers ' directions . Two blinded observers evaluated the restorations at three times ( baseline , and after 1 and 2 years ) according to the US Public Health Service modified criteria . Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare the clinical performance of the restorative systems . RESULTS The restorative systems showed similar clinical performance at 2 years . At the end of 2 years in both groups , one restoration 's marginal staining Alpha ratings decreased . In the same period , two restorations in the conventional group and one in the SonicFill group received Bravo ratings for color match and surface roughness scorings . CONCLUSION The sonic-resin placement system demonstrated similar results to incrementally placed conventional composite resin in terms of clinical success . Considering the advantages of providing up to 5 mm in a single layer , and the adjustability of the viscosity , bulk-fill composite restorations seem to be a good alternative to posterior Class 1 composite restorations . CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study suggests that a new dental material for bulk-fill technology exhibits similar clinical success to incrementally placed composite resin Objectives This retrospective study analyzed restoration survival of  composite fillings in children with at high caries risk in relation to age , sex , operator , tooth type , filling extension , and material used . Material s and methods Among 667 children treated in 2004–2012 in a university setting without sedation or general anesthesia , 2388 composite fillings were included . Relevant data from regular recall intervals were retrieved from patients ’ records . Either total-etch or a self-etch adhesive combined with flowable and /or (nano)hybrid composite was used . The Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox proportional hazard analysis with backward elimination model were applied for survival analysis . Results For the observation period of 8 years ( mean 1.7 years ) , the cumulative failure rate was 17.2 % with annual failure rates of 10.0 % . In 8.8 % of the cases , fillings failed due to secondary caries . In 8.3 % technical failure due to total filling loss , loosening , marginal gaps , or tooth fracture occurred . Tooth type , filling extension , age , operator , dental dam , and type of adhesive were significant for survival ( p < 0.05 ) . Conclusions Filling survival was comparably lower to composite restorations observed in prospect i ve clinical studies on permanent teeth and other tooth-colored restoratives used in primary teeth . Due to the very high caries risk and young age of the population , frequent loss due to secondary caries was observed . With respect to the high caries risk , composite restorations can be used to treat carious primary teeth , though a strict caries prevention regimen should be followed to minimize restoration failure . Clinical relevance Filling loss of composites in the primary dentition is associated with secondary caries on the long term OBJECTIVE The aim of this prospect i ve r and omized-controlled clinical trial is to assess the long-term performance of two direct composite resins in posterior teeth . This study provides a survey of the one-year results . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 1805 restorations were placed by students in stress-bearing Class I/II cavities ( including cuspal-coverage ) in molars and premolars in 456 patients . Clinical evaluation was performed at baseline and after one year using modified USPHS criteria . The restorations in each patient were performed either with Ceram X/Prime&Bond NT or Tetric Ceram/Optibond Solo Plus . RESULTS After one year 528 fillings with Ceram X and 580 with Tetric Ceram were available for evaluation of substance loss , contact point , color match , marginal staining , marginal adaptation , secondary caries and radiographic examination ( if necessary ) . This represents a recall rate of 61.18 % ( 279 patients ) . The failure rate per material was 5.3 % in the Ceram X group and 6.1 % in the Tetric Ceram group . Most of the failures were associated with marginal adaptation/integrity of the filling . A significant influence on the occurrence of a failure was observed for the number of treated teeth per patient , the age of the patient , the mesio-distal extension of the restoration and the tooth position . Gender , material , a previous root canal treatment , the bucco-lingual extension of the filling or cuspal-coverage did not significantly influence the failure rate . Patients attending the first recall were significantly older and had more fillings than patients not attending . CONCLUSIONS In a group of Class I/II restorations ( including cuspal-coverage ) , there was no significant difference in failure rates between ormocer-based and bis-GMA-based restorative systems after one year . A previous root canal treatment had no negative influence on the failure rate . A longer observation period is indicated to get clear evidence of the long-term performance of these composite resin systems The aim of this study was to obtain information on the restorative dental care of adults in Finl and . A r and om sample of private dentists was drawn from the register , and in spring 2000 they were sent a question naire requesting them to record information for each restoration placed during one ordinary working day . A total of 800 dentists were contacted and 548 responded . The dentists reported placement of 3,455 restorations .  Of these , 5 % were Class I , 36 % were Class II , 13 % were Class III , 9 % were Class IV , 21 % were Class V , and 16 % were extensive restorations including 4 or more surfaces . Overall , composite resin was the most common restorative material , and it was used in 79 % of the restorations , whereas amalgam was used in 5 % , compomers in 4 % , and glass ionomers ( either conventional or resin‐modified ) in 7 % of cases . In 5 % of the cases , the tooth was restored with indirect restorative methods , using either gold or ceramic material s. Of the treatments , 65 % were replacements of previous restorations . Secondary caries was the most common reason for replacement ( 36 % , 52 % , and 41 % for composite , glass ionomer , and amalgam , respectively ) . Other common reasons were fractures of the tooth or restoration ( 23 % , 11 % , and 22 % for composite , glass ionomer , and amalgam , respectively ) and lost composite restorations ( 16 % ) . The median age of failed restorations was 15 years for amalgam , 6 years for composite , and 7 years for conventional glass ionomer . Although the longevity of tooth coloured restorations was shorter than that of amalgam , comparisons with our previous studies indicate improved survival periods for tooth coloured material OBJECTIVES Ormocer composites , consisting of a silicon-based polymer , have been developed recently as a tooth-colored restorative material . The purpose of this prospect i ve r and omized clinical trial was to evaluate the performance of two small-particle hybrid ormocer-based restorative systems ( AD , Admira/Admira Bond , VOCO ; DE , Definite/Etch & Prime 3.0 , Dentsply ) and one small-particle hybrid bis-GMA-based composite restorative system ( TC , Tetric-Ceram/Syntac , Ivoclar-Vivadent ) in class II cavities . METHODS From 128 occlusal-proximal restorations ( 44 AD , 43 DE and 41 TC ) placed in 32 adult patients , eventually 77 ( 22 AD , 29 DE and 26 TC ) remained available for evaluation after 5 years . Their clinical performance was scored according to the USPHS criteria and evaluation of bite-wing radiographs . RESULTS After 5 years , eight AD , six DE and seven TC restorations had failed ( p=0.10 , log-rank test ) . The main reason was fracture or marginal gap formation , while secondary caries accounted for four failures . In all restorations the quality of surface , margins and contact point decreased significantly compared to baseline . DE had a significant poorer color match ( p<0.01 ) . Statistical evaluation using the KW test showed that failures were concentrated on specific patients . CONCLUSIONS In a group of class II restorations , there was no significant difference in failures after 5 years between ormocer-based and bis-GMA-based restorative systems OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate two glass-ionomer cements placed in the occlusal surfaces of permanent molar teeth , using two cavity preparation methods . METHOD AND MATERIAL S Three dentists placed 149 restorations for 68 patients in a hospital clinic .  Atraumatic restorative treatment or conventional cavity preparation methods were used for two encapsulated , high-strength conventional glass-ionomer cements : Fuji IX GP and Ketac-Molar . Non-gamma 2 amalgam alloy was used in conventional preparations for comparison . RESULTS The restorative procedures were uneventful , but cavity preparations made with atraumatic restorative treatment h and instruments took approximately twice as long as did conventional rotary instrumentation . After 30 months , only one glass-ionomer cement restoration had failed . Both glass-ionomer cements showed high early losses of sealant material , but caries was not detected in the exposed fissures . Both glass-ionomer cements also showed relatively high restoration wear . At 30 months , the mean cumulative net occlusal wear was 119 + /- 12 mm for Fuji IX GP and 96 + /- 13 mm for Ketac-Molar ; the difference was not statistically significant . Color matching improved significantly by 6 months ; there was no significant difference in color match between the two glass-ionomer cements by 12 months . Minor surface tarnishing and marginal discrepancies were present in the amalgam restorations and increased with time . CONCLUSION The occlusal restorations performed satisfactorily over periods of up to 30 months . However , the continued deterioration of the cements requires longer-term studies to be undertaken The aim of this research was to analyse the long-term clinical behaviour of two dental material s applied as filling under  silver amalgam restorations  : glass-ionomer cement ( GIC ) and composite resin with adhesive system ( CR ) . In this study , 117 posterior teeth ( 29 premolars and 88 molars ) were selected with carious lesions which result ed in great loss of dentin and cusps with unsupported enamel . After caries removal , cavities were prepared and totally filled with GIC or with CR . In a following visit , new cavities were prepared , leaving the employed filling material as a base and support for the enamel , which were then restored with silver amalgam . Restorations were evaluated periodically after 6 months and up to 5 years . Both fracture and pulpal involvement rates were low . Although differences could be observed in the behaviour of the material s , statistical survival estimation showed that the performances of GIC and CR as filling material were similar . There was a significant association both between kind of tooth ( molar or premolar ) and long-term survival of the restorations ; and between degree of unsupported enamel and the same long-term survival . Our results confirmed that the technique in which GIC or CR are used as filling under  silver amalgam restorations is clinical ly acceptable OBJECTIVE To compare the survival of  glass ionomer cement ( GIC ) restorations placed in a dental clinic setting using both the atraumatic restorative treatment ( ART ) approach with h and instruments , and conventional cavity preparation with rotary instruments . METHOD AND MATERIAL S Two encapsulated high-strength conventional GICs ( Fuji IX GP , Ketac-Molar Aplicap ) were placed in 82 Class I and 53 Class II preparations and one encapsulated non-gamma 2 amalgam alloy ( GK-amalgam ) was placed in 32 Class I preparations , in the primary molars of 60 Chinese children with a mean age of 7.40 + /- 1.24 ( SD ) years . Thus , 9 treatment groups were formed . RESULTS After two years , there were no significant survival differences found among 7 of the 9 treatment groups ( p = 0.99 ) . However , two groups comprising Fuji IX GP and Ketac-Molar Aplicap placed in Class II cavities prepared using the ART approach showed significantly lower restoration survivals ( p < 0.001 ) . Only 3 of the 72 initially sealed fissures adjacent to the restorations appeared to retain any GIC material . CONCLUSIONS In a clinic setting , both the ART h and instrument and conventional rotary instrument methods were equally suitable for high Class I restoration survival , but not for Class II restoration survival where the conventional cavity preparation method was preferable OBJECTIVES Ormocer composites , consisting of a silicon-based polymer , have been developed recently as a tooth-coloured restorative material . The purpose of this prospect i ve r and omised clinical trial was to evaluate the performance of two small-particle hybrid ormocer-based restorative systems ( AD , Admira/Admira Bond , VOCO ; DE , Definite/Etch & Prime 3.0 , Dentsply ) and one small-particle hybrid bis-GMA-based composite restorative system ( TC , Tetric-Ceram/Syntac , Ivoclar-Vivadent ) in occlusal stress-bearing restorations . METHODS One hundred and twenty-eight occlusal-proximal restorations ( 44 AD , 43 DE and 41 TC ) were placed according to the manufacturer 's instructions in thirty-two adult patients . Their clinical performance was scored according to the USPHS criteria and evaluation of bite-wing radiographs . RESULTS After 3 years , four AD , five DE and four TC restorations had failed due to fracture or marginal gap formation . Surface roughness improved significantly when compared to the baseline in AD and TC ( Friedman test , p<0.05 ) during the first year but returned to baseline values after 3 years . DE had a significant tendency towards discolouration ( p<0.05 ) . Bite-wing radiographs showed two AD and one TC restorations with internal porosities . ANOVA showed that larger restorations ( > or = 3 surfaces ) showed significantly more degradation than smaller ones . CONCLUSIONS In a group of class II restorations , there was no significant difference in failures after 3 years between ormocer-based and bis-GMA-based restorative systems PURPOSE The aim of the study was to assess the clinical performance of a compomer restorative material ( Dyract , DeTrey/Dentsply ) for the restoration of Class II cavities , extended into dentin in primary teeth . METHODS The sample of the study consisted of 25 patients with 68 restored cavities . The restorations were evaluated with the modified Ryge criteria at baseline and after 6 , 12 and 24 months . Examination was clinical , radiographic , and observation of cast replicas under scanning electron microscope ( SEM ) . RESULTS After 24 months , 100 % of the restorations were retained , 3 % presented bulk fractures , and 6 % developed secondary caries at cervical margins . After 24 months , there was a significant reduction in marginal integrity while there was only slight change in anatomic form . Proximal contact was defective in 6 % of the restorations and 8 % showed marginal discoloration . SEM evaluation revealed a generalized occlusal and scattered marginal wear with no marginal gaps . CONCLUSION The compomer presented acceptable clinical performance in Class II restorations of primary teeth after 24 months in service PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical and radiographic success of zinc oxide-eugenol ( ZOE ) , Calcicur , Sealapex and Vitapex in primary molar pulpectomies . METHODS 80 primary molars , showing signs of pulpal and /or periapical involvement , with no abnormal mobility , were selected from 76 children aged between 4 - 9 years-old , free from systemic disease . Radiographic evaluation was done to exclude teeth showing internal or pathological external root resorption and /or inadequate bone support . The selected teeth ( 20 in each group ) were r and omly treated with ZOE , Sealapex , Calcicur and Vitapex . The procedure involved primarily a one-visit pulpectomy . The teeth were evaluated clinical ly and radiographically every 2 months for a period of 18 months . RESULTS In the ZOE group , all pulpectomies were successful . In the Sealapex group , two pulpectomies and in the Calcicur group , four pulpectomies showed complete resorption of the material in the root canal . Although re-treatment was performed , those teeth had to be removed due to pathological root resorption . In the Vitapex group , although six pulpectomies showed resorption of the filling material within the canals , this had no effect on the clinical and radiographical success of the treatment UNLABELLED This clinical trial evaluated the retention rate of a flowable restorative system ( Bond 1 + Flow-It ! ) used as a pit- and -fissure sealant compared with a conventional filled resin sealant ( Fluroshield ) over a 1-year period . METHOD Using a half-mouth design , 160  sealants  ( 80 in primary and 80 in permanent teeth ) were placed on sound first/second primary molars and first permanent molars of 40 children aged between 4 and 7 years . For both primary and permanent dentitions , half the teeth ( n = 40 ) were sealed with Fluroshield and half ( n = 40 ) with Bond 1 + Flow-It ! Teeth were evaluated at baseline , 6- and 12-month intervals . RESULTS For both material s , there was no total loss of sealants placed on either the primary or permanent molars over 1 year . From Fluroshield sealants placed on primary teeth , 33 were completely intact after 6 months and 31 after 1 year . From those placed on permanent molars , no loss of material was observed after 6 months , while partial loss was noticed on 5 % of teeth at 1-year recall . For Flow-It ! resin applied on primary molars , partial loss of material was observed in only 1 sealant after 6 months and in 2 sealants after 1 year . On permanent teeth , 100 % retention rate was observed over a 1-year follow up . There was a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.01 ) between the sealing material s on primary but not permanent teeth , and , overall , Flow-It ! sealants presented a higher retention rate at both 6-month and 1-year evaluations . Significant differences ( P < 0.01 ) between baseline and the other evaluation periods were also observed . CONCLUSION It may be concluded that the flowable restorative system yielded optimal retention on both primary and permanent molars . Its retention rate was significantly higher than that of the conventional pit- and -fissure sealant on primary teeth OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical performance of atraumatic restorative treatment ( ART ) fillings using Fuji IX as a filling material in field conditions . DESIGN Longitudinal study of the ART fillings in permanent teeth of primary school children aged eight to fifteen years . SETTING Primary schools in Morogoro municipality , Tanzania . SUBJECTS AND METHODS St and ard 3 and 4 children in five primary schools r and omly selected from a list of 36 primary schools of Morogoro municipality were examined for dental caries and periodontal conditions . All 296 carious lesions that were indicated for restoration were treated using ART approach according to the instructions given in the manual for ART approach for the control of dental caries . Essential measurements for treated teeth and cavity were taken . The cavities were filled with Fuji IX glass ionomer cement as per manufacturer 's instructions . After one year , 238 restorations were evaluated using the criteria for evaluating ART restorations . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Clinical appearance of the surface of the restorations . RESULTS Ninety four per cent of the restorations evaluated were rated as good and intact , while 1.7 % were rated as having slight defects that needed no repair , giving a one year survival rate of 96.1 % . Mean working time was 14.5 minutes . CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The one-year survival rate of 96.1 % is high enough to recommend wide use of ART in Tanzania . Town and municipal councils should be encouraged to adopt ART in their school oral health programmes
Class I restorations and restorations placed using rubber dam presented better AFR .
An elevated number of failures were observed due to recurrent caries , highlighting the need for professionals to work with a health-promoting approach .
BACKGROUND Several restorative material s with specific indications are used for filling cavities in primary teeth .
AIM To systematic ally review the literature in order to investigate the longevity of primary teeth restorations  and the reasons for failure .