Feasibility and Acceptability of a Wearable Technology Physical Activity Intervention With Telephone Counseling for Mid-Aged and Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial Promoting physical activity using an activity monitor and a tailored web-based advice: design of a randomized controlled trial [ISRCTN93896459] The effect of ongoing feedback on physical activity levels following an exercise intervention in older adults: a randomised controlled trial protocol Increasing the medium-term clinical benefits of hospital-based cardiac rehabilitation by physical activity telemonitoring in coronary artery disease patients Activity Monitor Intervention to Promote Physical Activity of Physicians-In-Training: Randomized Controlled Trial Validity of physical activity monitors during daily life in patients with COPD Loss‐Framed Financial Incentives and Personalized Goal‐Setting to Increase Physical Activity Among Ischemic Heart Disease Patients Using Wearable Devices: The ACTIVE REWARD Randomized Trial Promoting physical activity through hand-held computer technology. Health Promotion Through Primary Care: Enhancing Self-Management With Activity Prescription and mHealth Wearable activity monitors to assess performance status and predict clinical outcomes in advanced cancer patients Monitoring of physical activity and heart rate variability in patients with chronic heart failure using cardiac resynchronization devices. A monitoring and feedback tool embedded in a counselling protocol to increase physical activity of patients with COPD or type 2 diabetes in primary care: study protocol of a three-arm cluster randomised controlled trial SMARTphone-based, early cardiac REHABilitation in patients with acute coronary syndromes [SMART-REHAB Trial]: a randomized controlled trial protocol Design and rationale for the PREVAIL study: effect of e-Health individually tailored encouragements to physical exercise on aerobic fitness among adolescents with congenital heart disease--a randomized clinical trial. Self-monitoring of Physical Activity Wearable Activity Technology And Action-Planning (WATAAP) to promote physical activity in cancer survivors: Randomised controlled trial protocol Harnessing Different Motivational Frames via Mobile Phones to Promote Daily Physical Activity and Reduce Sedentary Behavior in Aging Adults
Background As adults age , their physical activity decreases and sedentary behavior increases , leading to increased risk of negative health outcomes .  Wearable electronic activity monitors have shown promise for delivering effective behavior change techniques . However , little is known about the feasibility and acceptability of non-Fitbit wearables ( Fitbit , Inc , San Francisco , California ) combined with telephone counseling among adults aged more than 55 years . Objective The purpose of our study was to determine the feasibility , acceptability , and effect on physical activity of an intervention combining a wearable physical activity monitor , tablet device , and telephone counseling  among adults aged 55 - 79 years . Methods Adults ( N=40 , aged 55 - 79 years , body mass index=25 - 35 , < 60 min of activity per week ) were r and omized to receive a 12-week intervention or to a wait list control . Intervention participants received a Jawbone Up24 monitor , a tablet with the Jawbone Up app installed , and brief weekly telephone counseling . Participants set daily and weekly step goals and used the monitor ’s idle alert to notify them when they were sedentary for more than 1 h. Interventionists provided brief counseling once per week by telephone .  Feasibility was measured using observation and study records , and acceptability was measured by self-report using vali date d items . Physical activity and sedentary time were measured using ActivPAL monitors following st and ard protocol s. Body composition was measured using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scans , and fitness was measured using a 6-min walk test . Results Participants were 61.48 years old ( SD 5.60 ) , 85 % ( 34/40 ) female , 65 % ( 26/40 ) white .  Average activity monitor wear time was 81.85 ( SD 3.73 ) of 90 days . Of the 20 Up24 monitors , 5 were reported broken and 1 lost . No related adverse events were reported . Acceptability items were rated at least 4 on a scale of 1 - 5 . Effect sizes for most outcomes were small , including stepping time per day ( d=0.35 ) , steps per day ( d=0.26 ) , sitting time per day ( d=0.21 ) , body fat ( d=0.17 ) , and weight ( d=0.33 ) . Conclusions The intervention was feasible and acceptable in this population . Effect sizes were similar to the sizes found using other wearable electronic activity monitors , indicating that when combined with telephone counseling , wearable activity monitors are a potentially effective tool for increasing physical activity and decreasing sedentary behavior . Trial registration Clinical trials.gov NCT01869348 ; https:// clinical trials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01869348 ( Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6odlIolqy Background Ageing is associated with a decrease in physical activity . This decrease particularly occurs during specific transitional life stages . Especially during adolescence and young adulthood a steep decrease in physical activity is observed . Inactive people are often not aware of their inactivity . Providing feedback on the actual physical activity level by an activity monitor can increase awareness and may in combination with an individually tailored physical activity advice stimulate a physically active lifestyle . Methods In a r and omized controlled trial the effectiveness of providing an activity monitor in combination with a personal physical activity advice through the Internet will be examined . Outcome measures are level of physical activity , determinants of physical activity , quality of life , empowerment , aerobic fitness and body composition .  Participants are relatively inactive adolescents and young adults who are measured at baseline , after 3 months intervention and 5 months after the end of the intervention . In addition , facilitating and hindering factors for implementation of the intervention will be investigated . Discussion The use of a personal activity monitor in combination with web-based assisted individually tailored health promotion offers a good opportunity to work interactively with large groups of adolescents and young adults and provide them with advice based on their actual activity level . It has great potential to motivate people to change their behaviour and to our knowledge has not been evaluated before Background Physical inactivity ranks as a major contributing factor in the development and progression of chronic disease . Lifestyle interventions reduce the progression of chronic disease , however , compliance decreases over time and health effects only persist as long as the new lifestyle is maintained . Telephone counselling ( TC ) is an effective way to provide individuals with ongoing support to maintain lifestyle changes . Remote physical activity monitoring and feedback ( RAMF ) via interactive technologies such as activity trackers and smartphones may be a cost-effective alternative to TC , however , this comparison has not been made . This study , therefore , aims to determine the effect of ongoing feedback ( TC vs. RAMF ) on the maintenance of physical activity following a 12-week individualised lifestyle program , and the effect of this on health risk factors and health services usage . Methods and design A r and omised controlled trial with a parallel groups design . A total of 150 adults ( ≥60 years ) who participate in a 12-week face-to-face individualised lifestyle program will be r and omised to twelve months of RAMF ( n = 50 ) , TC ( n = 50 ) , or usual care ( n = 50 ) . Participants r and omised to RAMF will use a smartphone activity tracker app , synced to a wrist worn activity tracker , to provide them with automated feedback regarding compliance to prescribed activity targets . Telephone counselling involves a follow-up phone call every fortnight for the first three months and a monthly call for the remaining nine months of the follow-up period . The primary outcome measures are physical activity compliance ( accelerometry and Active Australia survey ) . Secondary outcome measures include cardiorespiratory fitness , muscle strength , dynamic balance , quality of life , blood pressure , body composition , and health services usage . Measures will be made before and after the individualised lifestyle program , and at three , six and twelve months during the intervention . Discussion The results of this study will help to determine the efficacy of RAMF devices on compliance to prescribed physical activity compared to the current gold st and ard of TC . If the remote monitoring proves effective , it may provide a cost efficient alternative method of assisting maintenance of behaviour change from lifestyle interventions .Trial registration ACTRN12615001104549 . Retrospectively Registered 20/10/2015 Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a physical activity telemonitoring program on daily physical activity level , oxygen uptake capacity ( VO2peak ) , and cardiovascular risk profile in coronary artery disease ( CAD ) patients who completed phase II cardiac rehabilitation ( CR ) . Methods Eighty CAD patients who completed phase II CR were r and omly assigned to an additional telemonitoring intervention or st and ard CR . The patients in the intervention group ( n = 40 ) wore a motion sensor continuously for 18 weeks . Each week these patients received a step count goal , with the aim to gradually increase the patients ’ physical activity level . In the control group ( n = 40 ) , the patients wore an unreadable motion sensor for seven days for measurement purpose s only ( at start of follow-up , and after six and 18 weeks ) . At start of follow-up and after 18 weeks blood lipid profile , glycemic control , waist circumference and body mass index was assessed . VO2peak was assessed at start of follow-up , and after six and 18 weeks . Re-hospitalisation rate was followed during this timeframe . Results In the intervention group , VO2peak increased significantly during follow-up ( P = 0.001 ) , in the control group it did not ( P = 0.273 ) . A significant correlation was found between daily aerobic step count and improvement in VO2peak ( P = 0.030 , r = 0.47 ) . Kaplan-Meier curve analysis showed a trend towards fewer re-hospitalisations for patients in the telemonitoring group ( P = 0.09 ) . Conclusions The study showed that , to maintain exercise tolerance and lower re-hospitalisation rate after hospital-based CR in CAD patients , a physical activity telemonitoring program might be an effective intervention Background Physicians are expected to serve as role models for healthy lifestyles , but long work hours reduce time for healthy behaviors . A hospital-based physical activity intervention could improve physician health and increase counseling about exercise . Methods We conducted a two-phase intervention among 104 medical residents at a large hospital in Boston , Massachusetts . Phase 1 was a 6-week r and omized controlled trial comparing daily steps of residents assigned to an activity monitor displaying feedback about steps and energy consumed ( intervention ) or to a blinded monitor ( control ) . Phase 2 immediately followed and was a 6-week non-r and omized team steps competition in which all participants wore monitors with feedback . Phase 1 outcomes were : 1 ) median steps/day and 2 ) proportion of days activity monitor worn . The Phase 2 outcome was mean steps/day on days monitor worn ( ≥500 steps/day ) . Physiologic measurements were collected at baseline and study end . Median steps/day were compared using Wilcoxon rank-sum tests . Mean steps were compared using repeated measures regression analyses . Results In Phase 1 , intervention and control groups had similar activity ( 6369 vs. 6063 steps/day , p = 0.16 ) and compliance with wearing the monitor ( 77 % vs. 77 % of days , p = 0.73 ) . In Phase 2 ( team competition ) , residents recorded more steps/day than during Phase 1 ( Control : 7,971 vs. 7,567 , p = 0.002 ; Intervention : 7,832 vs. 7,739 , p = 0.13 ) . Mean compliance with wearing the activity monitor decreased for both groups during Phase 2 compared to Phase 1 ( 60 % vs. 77 % , p<0.001 ) . Mean systolic blood pressure decreased ( p = 0.004 ) and HDL cholesterol increased ( p<0.001 ) among all participants at end of study compared to baseline . Conclusions Although the activity monitor intervention did not have a major impact on activity or health , the high participation rates of busy residents and modest changes in steps , blood pressure , and HDL suggest that more intensive hospital-based wellness programs have potential for promoting healthier lifestyles among physicians . Trial Registration Clinical trials.gov NCT01287208 Symptoms during physical activity and physical inactivity are hallmarks of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . Our aim was to evaluate the validity and usability of six activity monitors in patients with COPD against the doubly labelled water ( DLW ) indirect calorimetry method . 80 COPD patients ( mean±sd age 68±6 years and forced expiratory volume in 1 s 57±19 % predicted ) recruited in four centres each wore simultaneously three or four out of six commercially available monitors vali date d in chronic conditions for 14 consecutive days . A priori validity criteria were defined . These included the ability to explain total energy expenditure ( TEE ) variance through multiple regression analysis , using TEE as the dependent variable with total body water ( TBW ) plus several physical activity monitor outputs as independent variables ; and correlation with activity energy expenditure ( AEE ) measured by DLW . The Actigraph GT3X ( Actigraph LLC , Pensacola , FL , USA ) , and DynaPort MoveMonitor ( McRoberts BV , The Hague , the Netherl and s ) best explained the majority of the TEE variance not explained by TBW ( 53 % and 70 % , respectively ) and showed the most significant correlations with AEE ( r=0.71 , p<0.001 and r=0.70 , p<0.0001 , respectively ) . The results of this study should guide users in choosing valid activity monitors for research or for clinical use in patients with chronic diseases such as COPD . This study vali date s six activity monitors in the field against indirect calorimetry ( DLW ) in patients with COPD Background Regular physical activity reduces the risk of cardiovascular events , but most ischemic heart disease ( IHD ) patients do not obtain enough . Methods and Results ACTIVE REWARD ( A Clinical Trial Investigating Effects of a R and omized Evaluation of Wearable Activity Trackers with Financial Rewards ) was a 24‐week home‐based , remotely monitored , r and omized trial with a 16‐week intervention ( 8‐week ramp‐up incentive phase and 8‐week maintenance incentive phase ) and an 8‐week follow‐up . Patients used wearable devices to track step counts and establish a baseline . Patients in control received no other interventions . Patients in the incentive arm received personalized step goals and daily feedback for all 24 weeks . In the ramp‐up incentive phase , daily step goals increased weekly by 15 % from baseline with a maximum of 10 000 steps and then remained fixed . Each week , $ 14 was allocated to a virtual account ; $ 2 could be lost per day for not achieving step goals . The primary outcome was change in mean daily steps from baseline to the maintenance incentive phase . Ischemic heart disease patients had a mean ( SD ) age of 60 ( 11 ) years and 70 % were male . Compared with control , patients in the incentive arm had a significantly greater increase in mean daily steps from baseline during ramp‐up ( 1388 versus 385 ; adjusted difference , 1061 [ 95 % confidence interval , 386–1736 ] ; P<0.01 ) , maintenance ( 1501 versus 264 ; adjusted difference , 1368 [ 95 % confidence interval , 571–2164 ] ; P<0.001 ) , and follow‐up ( 1066 versus 92 ; adjusted difference , 1154 [ 95 % confidence interval , 282–2027 ] ; P<0.01 ) . Conclusions Loss‐framed financial incentives with personalized goal setting significantly increased physical activity among ischemic heart disease patients using wearable devices during the 16‐week intervention , and effects were sustained during the 8‐week follow‐up . Clinical Trial Registration URL : https://www . clinical trials.gov . Unique identifier : NCT02531022 BACKGROUND Efforts to achieve population -wide increases in walking and similar moderate-intensity physical activities potentially can be enhanced through relevant applications of state-of-the-art interactive communication technologies . Yet few systematic efforts to evaluate the efficacy of h and -held computers and similar devices for enhancing physical activity levels have occurred . The purpose of this first-generation study was to evaluate the efficacy of a h and -held computer ( i.e. , personal digital assistant [ PDA ] ) for increasing moderate intensity or more vigorous ( MOD+ ) physical activity levels over 8 weeks in mid-life and older adults relative to a st and ard information control arm . DESIGN R and omized , controlled 8-week experiment . Data were collected in 2005 and analyzed in 2006 - 2007 . SETTING / PARTICIPANTS Community-based study of 37 healthy , initially underactive adults aged 50 years and older who were r and omized and completed the 8-week study ( intervention=19 , control=18 ) . INTERVENTION Participants received an instructional session and a PDA programmed to monitor their physical activity levels twice per day and provide daily and weekly individualized feedback , goal setting , and support . Controls received st and ard , age-appropriate written physical activity educational material s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Physical activity was assessed via the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors ( CHAMPS ) question naire at baseline and 8 weeks . RESULTS Relative to controls , intervention participants reported significantly greater 8-week mean estimated caloric expenditure levels and minutes per week in MOD+ activity ( p<0.04 ) . Satisfaction with the PDA was reasonably high in this largely PDA-naive sample . CONCLUSIONS Results from this first-generation study indicate that h and -held computers may be effective tools for increasing initial physical activity levels among underactive adults Abstract Background : It is well established in the literature that regular participation in physical activity is effective for chronic disease management and prevention . Remote monitoring technologies ( ie , mHealth ) hold promise for engaging patients in self-management of many chronic diseases . The purpose of this study was to test the effectiveness of an mHealth study with tailored physical activity prescription targeting changes in various intensities of physical activity ( eg , exercise , sedentary behavior , or both ) for improving physiological and behavioral markers of lifestyle-related disease risk . Methods : Forty-five older adults ( aged 55–75 years ; mean age 63 ± 5 years ) were r and omly assigned to receive a personal activity program targeting changes to either daily exercise , sedentary behavior , or both . All participants received an mHealth technology kit including smartphone , blood pressure monitor , glucometer , and pedometer . Participants engaged in physical activity programming at home during the 12-week intervention period and su bmi tted physical activity ( steps/day ) , blood pressure ( mm Hg ) , body weight ( kg ) , and blood glucose ( mmol/L ) measures remotely using study -provided devices . Results : There were no differences between groups at baseline ( P > 0.05 ) . The intervention had a significant effect ( F(10 488 ) = 2.947 , P = 0.001 , ηP2 = 0.057 ) , with similar changes across all groups for physical activity , body weight , and blood pressure ( P > 0.05 ) . Changes in blood glucose were significantly different between groups , with groups prescribed high-intensity activity ( ie , exercise ) demonstrating greater reductions in blood glucose than the group prescribed changes to sedentary behavior alone ( P < 0.05 ) . Conclusions : Findings demonstrate the utility of pairing mHealth technologies with activity prescription for prevention of lifestyle-related chronic diseases among an at-risk group of older men and women . Results support the novel approach of prescribing changes to sedentary behaviors ( alone , and in conjunction with exercise ) to reduce risk of developing lifestyle-related chronic conditions An objective evaluation of patient performance status ( PS ) is difficult because patients spend the majority of their time outside of the clinic , self-report to providers , and undergo dynamic changes throughout their treatment experience . Real-time , objective activity data may allow for a more accurate assessment of PS and physical function , while reducing the subjectivity and bias associated with current assessment s. Consenting patients with advanced cancer wore a wearble activity monitor for three consecutive visits in a prospect i ve , single-cohort clinical trial . Provider-assessed PS ( ECOG/Karnofsky ) and NIH PROMIS ® patient-reported outcomes ( PROs ) were assessed at each visit . Associations between wearable activity monitor metrics ( steps , distance , stairs ) and PS , clinical outcomes ( adverse events , hospitalizations , survival ) , and PROs were assessed using correlation statistics and in multivariable logistic regression models . Thirty-seven patients were evaluated ( 54 % male , median 62 years ) . Patients averaged 3700 steps , 1.7 miles , and 3 flights of stairs per day . Highest correlations were observed between average daily steps and ECOG-PS and KPS ( r = 0.63 and r = 0.69 , respectively p < 0.01 ) . Each 1000 steps/day increase was associated with reduced odds for adverse events ( OR : 0.34 , 95 % CI 0.13 , 0.94 ) , hospitalizations ( OR : 0.21 95 % CI 0.56 , 0.79 ) , and hazard for death ( HR : 0.48 95 % CI 0.28–0.83 ) . Significant correlations were also observed between activity metrics and PROs . Our trial demonstrates the feasibility of using wearable activity monitors to assess PS in advanced cancer patients and suggests their potential use to predict clinical and patient-reported outcomes . These findings should be vali date d in larger , r and omized trials . Wearable tech : Activity monitor tracks wellbeing of advanced cancer patients  Wearable activity monitors provide an objective and continuous measure of general wellbeing and physical function among patients with advanced cancer . Gillian Gresham from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles , California , USA , and colleagues enlisted 37 patients with metastatic or inoperable cancer to wear wristb and s that wireless measure heart rate and activity patterns over the span of 2 weeks . At weekly clinic visits , the patients also filled in health question naires and their healthcare providers made independent evaluations . The research ers found a reasonably high correlation between the clinician-assessed performance status and the average daily step total calculated by the wristb and . More steps also translated into lower odds of serious complications , hospitalizations or death . The study shows the feasibility of using wearable technology to track the ability of patients with advanced cancer to perform certain activities of daily living Cardiac resynchronization therapy ( CRT ) devices not only deliver effective treatment but may also serve as valuable diagnostic tools in heart failure management . In the present study , the minutes of daily physical activity and heart rate variability , measured by sensors incorporated into such a device , reflected the effects of CRT and were related to New York Heart Association functional class Background Physical activity is important for a healthy lifestyle . Although physical activity can delay complications and decrease the burden of the disease , the level of activity of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) or type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ( DM2 ) is often far from optimal . To stimulate physical activity , a monitoring and feedback tool , consisting of an accelerometer linked to a smart phone and webserver ( It ’s LiFe ! tool ) , and a counselling protocol for practice nurses in primary care was developed ( the Self-management Support Program ) . The main objective of this study is to measure the longitudinal effects of this counselling protocol and the added value of using the tool . Methods / Design This three-armed cluster r and omised controlled trial with 120 participants with COPD and 120 participants with DM2 ( aged 40–70 ) , compares the counselling protocol with and without the use of the tool ( group 1 and 2 ) with usual care ( group 3 ) . Recruitment takes place at GP practice s in the southern regions of the Netherl and s. R and omisation takes place at the practice level . The intended sample ( three arms of 8 practice s ) powers the study to detect a 10-minute difference of moderate and intense physical activity per day between groups 1 and 3 . Participants in the intervention groups have to visit the practice nurse 3–4 times for physical activity counselling , in a 4 - 6-month period . Specific activity goals tailored to the individual patient 's preferences and needs will be set . In addition , participants in group 1 will be instructed to use the tool in daily life . The primary outcome , physical activity , will be measured in all groups with a physical activity monitor ( PAM ) . Secondary outcomes are quality of life , general - and exercise - self-efficacy , and health status . Follow-up will take place after 6 and 9 months . Separately , a process evaluation will be conducted to explore reasons for trial non-participation , and the intervention ’s acceptability for participating patients and nurses . Discussion Results of this study will give insight into the effects of the It ’s LiFe ! monitoring and feedback tool combined with care from a practice nurse for people with COPD or DM2 on physical activity . Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov : Background There are well-documented treatment gaps in secondary prevention of coronary heart disease and no clear guidelines to assist early physical activity after acute coronary syndromes ( ACS ) . Smartphone technology may provide an innovative platform to close these gaps . This paper describes the study design of a r and omized controlled trial assessing whether a smartphone-based secondary prevention program can facilitate early physical activity and improve cardiovascular health in patients with ACS . Methods We have developed a multi-faceted , patient-centred smartphone-based secondary prevention program emphasizing early physical activity with a graduated walking program initiated on discharge from ACS admission . The program incorporates ; physical activity tracking through the smartphone ’s accelerometer with interactive feedback and goal setting ; a dynamic dashboard to review and optimize cardiovascular risk factors ; educational messages delivered twice weekly ; a photographic food diary ; pharmacotherapy review ; and support through a short message service . The primary endpoint of the trial is change in exercise capacity , as measured by the change in six-minute walk test distance at 8-weeks when compared to baseline . Secondary endpoints include improvements in cardiovascular risk factor status , psychological well-being and quality of life , medication adherence , uptake of cardiac rehabilitation and re-hospitalizations . Discussion This r and omized controlled trial will use a smartphone-phone based secondary prevention program to emphasize early physical activity post-ACS . It will provide evidence regarding the feasibility and utility of this innovative platform in closing the treatment gaps in secondary prevention . Trial registration The trial was retrospectively registered in the Australian New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry ( ANZCTR ) on April 4 , 2016 . The registration number is ACTRN12616000426482 Intensive exercise may be an important part of rehabilitation in patients with congenital heart disease ( CHD ) . However , performing regular physical exercise is challenging for many adolescent patients . Consequently , effective exercise encouragements may be needed . Little is known on the effect of e-Health encouragements on physical fitness , physical activity , and health-related quality of life in adolescents . This trial is a nationwide interactive e-Health rehabilitation study lasting 1 year , centered on interactive use of mobile phone and Internet technology . We hypothesize that e-Health encouragements and interactive monitoring of intensive exercise for 1 year can improve physical fitness , physical activity , and health-related quality of life .  Two hundred sixteen adolescents ( age , 13 - 16 years ) with surgically corrected complex CHD but without significant hemodynamic residual defects and no restrictions to participate in physical activity are in the process of being enrolled by invitation after informed consent . Physical fitness is measured as the maximal oxygen uptake ( Vo(2 ) ) at baseline and after 12 months by an assessor blinded to the r and omization group . After baseline testing , the patients are 1:1 r and omized to an intervention group or a control group . Individually fully automated tailored e-Health encouragements -- SMS , Internet , and mobile applications--  aim ed at increasing physical activity  are delivered to the participants in the intervention group once a week . The B and ura 's Social Cognitive Theory inspires the behavioral theoretical background . The e-Health intervention and the Godfrey cycle ergometer protocol have been feasibility tested and seem applicable to adolescents with CHD . The trial is expected to contribute with new knowledge regarding how physical activity in adolescents with CHD can be increased and , possibly , comorbidity be reduced Purpose : The purpose of this study was to test the effect of keeping daily activity records on physical activity levels and self-efficacy for physical activity in adults with type 2 diabetes , and to examine the feasibility and acceptability of this intervention from the perspective of the participants . Methods : This intervention study included 58 individuals with type 2 diabetes aged 40 to 65 years . Participants were r and omly assigned : individuals in the intervention group kept daily activity records for 6 weeks , mailed to the research er every 2 weeks . Data collection was completed at the beginning of the study and 6 weeks later , using the habitual physical activity index and the self-efficacy for exercise scale . Participants in the intervention group also completed the perceived feasibility checklist . Results : The intervention result ed in enhanced self-efficacy . Physical activity improved in both the intervention and control groups . Activity recording was judged to be acceptable and feasible . Conclusions : Daily activity recording can be used as part of a program to increase physical activity self-efficacy levels . Focused interactions between health care providers and patients may be enough to motivate people to higher levels of physical activity . The relationship between self-efficacy and behavior is complex and should be the subject of further research Background / Objective : Colorectal and gynecologic cancer survivors are at cardiovascular risk due to comorbidities and sedentary behaviour , warranting a feasible intervention to increase physical activity . The Health Action Process Approach ( HAPA ) is a promising theoretical framework for health behaviour change , and wearable physical activity trackers offer a novel means of self-monitoring physical activity for cancer survivors . Method : Sixty-eight survivors of colorectal and gynecologic cancer will be r and omised into 12-week intervention and control groups . Intervention group participants will receive : a Fitbit Alta ™ to monitor physical activity , HAPA-based group sessions , booklet , and support phone-call . Participants in the control group will only receive the HAPA-based booklet . Physical activity ( using accelerometers ) , blood pressure , BMI , and HAPA constructs will be assessed at baseline , 12-weeks ( post-intervention ) and 24-weeks ( follow-up ) . Data analysis will use the Group x Time interaction from a General Linear Mixed Model analysis . Conclusions : Physical activity interventions that are acceptable and have robust theoretical underpinnings show promise for improving the health of cancer survivors Mobile devices are a promising channel for delivering just-in-time guidance and support for improving key daily health behaviors . Despite an explosion of mobile phone applications aim ed at physical activity and other health behaviors , few have been based on theoretically derived constructs and empirical evidence . Eighty adults ages 45 years and older who were insufficiently physically active , engaged in prolonged daily sitting , and were new to smartphone technology , participated in iterative design development and feasibility testing of three daily activity smartphone applications based on motivational frames drawn from behavioral science theory and evidence . An “ analytically ” framed custom application focused on personalized goal setting , self-monitoring , and active problem solving around barriers to behavior change . A “ socially ” framed custom application focused on social comparisons , norms , and support . An “ affectively ” framed custom application focused on operant conditioning principles of reinforcement scheduling and emotional transference to an avatar , whose movements and behaviors reflected the physical activity and sedentary levels of the user . To explore the applications ' initial efficacy in changing regular physical activity and leisure-time sitting , behavioral changes were assessed across eight weeks in 68 participants using the CHAMPS physical activity question naire and the Australian sedentary behavior question naire . User acceptability of and satisfaction with the applications was explored via a post-intervention user survey . The results indicated that the three applications were sufficiently robust to significantly improve regular moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity and decrease leisure-time sitting during the 8-week behavioral adoption period . Acceptability of the applications was confirmed in the post-intervention surveys for this sample of midlife and older adults new to smartphone technology . Preliminary data exploring sustained use of the applications across a longer time period yielded promising results . The results support further systematic investigation of the efficacy of the applications for changing these key health-promoting behaviors
Conclusion This review indicates that current research on activity monitoring devices may be overstated due to the variability in adherence .
Results showed that physical activity tracking in women and in young adults have been understudied
Background Activity monitoring devices are currently being used to facilitate and monitor physical activity .
No prior review has examined adherence to the use of activity monitoring devices amongst adults with cardiovascular disease .