Tissue remodeling after bone expansion in grafted and ungrafted sockets. Three-dimensional assessment of maxillary changes associated with bone anchored maxillary protraction. Prospective evaluation of immediate and delayed provisional single tooth restorations. Analysis of tissue neogenesis in extraction sockets treated with guided bone regeneration: clinical, histologic, and micro-CT results. Immediate single-tooth implants in the anterior maxilla: a 1-year case cohort study on hard and soft tissue response. Immediate loading of single post-extractive implants in the anterior maxilla: 12-month results from a multicenter clinical study. Soft and hard tissue response  to an implant with a convergent  collar in the esthetic area:  preliminary report at 18 months. Marginal bone loss evaluation around immediate non-occlusal microthreaded implants placed in fresh extraction sockets in the maxilla: a 3-year study. Implant loading protocols for partially edentulous maxillary posterior sites. A prospective clinical study evaluating the safety and effectiveness of narrow-diameter threaded implants in the anterior region of the maxilla. Immediate occlusal loading of implants placed in fresh sockets after tooth extraction. Immediately restored single implants in the aesthetic zone of the maxilla using a novel design: 1-year report. Immediate implant placement and restoration in the esthetic zone: a prospective study with 18 months of follow-up. A prospective randomized clinical study of changes in soft tissue position following immediate and delayed implant placement. Esthetic evaluation of single-tooth implants in the anterior maxilla following autologous bone augmentation. Alveolar bone changes after rapid maxillary expansion with tooth-born appliances: a systematic review Clinical, aesthetic, and patient-related outcome of immediately loaded single implants in the anterior maxilla: a prospective study in extraction sockets, healed ridges, and grafted sites.
PURPOSE The aim of this clinical study was to assess horizontal width changes in grafted and ungrafted sites after bone expansion and implant placement . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twenty-three patients were included in this prospect i ve study . Each patient required extraction of two teeth and replacement with implants . After dental extraction in 23 alveoli ( group 1 ) , a collagen sponge was used to cover fresh sockets , and the remaining 23 alveoli ( group 2 ) were grafted with corticocancellous porcine bone . Three months after extraction , bone expansion was performed in each site , and 46 dental implants were placed . To evaluate tissue volume changes , the variations in width of the buccal ridge were recorded with a periodontal probe immediately after tooth extraction , 3 months later ( before implant placement ) , and 3 months after implant placement . RESULTS In group 1 , at 3 months after implant placement , mean volume changes of + 1.6 ± 0.8 mm for incisors and canines , + 1.4 ± 0.5 mm for premolars , and + 0.8 ± 0.5 mm for molars were seen . In group 2 , mean changes of + 1.5 ± 0.8 mm for incisors and canines , + 1.3 ± 0.3 mm for premolars , and + 2.8 ± 0.6 mm for molars were observed . Statistically significant differences were found only for molars . CONCLUSIONS In both groups , incisor , canine , and premolar sites showed no differences in volume changes , but statistically significant differences were found between molars in the two groups ; the bio material graft prevented collapse of the large defects and significant volume loss INTRODUCTION Bone-anchored maxillary protraction has been shown to be an effective treatment modality for the correction of Class III malocclusions . The purpose of this study was to evaluate 3-dimensional changes in the maxilla , the surrounding hard and soft tissues , and the circummaxillary sutures after bone-anchored maxillary protraction treatment . METHODS Twenty-five consecutive skeletal Class III patients between the ages of 9 and 13 years ( mean , 11.10 ± 1.1 years ) were treated with Class III intermaxillary elastics and bilateral miniplates ( 2 in the infrazygomatic crests of the maxilla and 2 in the anterior m and ible ) . Cone-beam computed tomographs were taken before initial loading and 1 year out . Three-dimensional models were generated from the tomographs , registered on the anterior cranial base , superimposed , and analyzed by using color maps . RESULTS The maxilla showed a mean forward displacement of 3.7 mm , and the zygomas and the maxillary incisors came forward 3.7 and 4.3 mm , respectively . CONCLUSIONS This treatment approach produced significant orthopedic changes in the maxilla and the zygomas in growing Class III patients PURPOSE The purpose of this study was 2-fold : to determine whether there is a significant difference in the hard and soft tissue response comparing immediate with delayed implant placement after tooth removal , with immediate provisionalization , in maxillary anterior sites ; and to determine and compare the crestal bone levels as the primary endpoint variable for implants placed and immediately temporized in extraction sites , to implants placed into extraction sites after the extraction site has been grafted and healed for 4 months , all immediately restored with an anatomic provisional restoration . This aim was to be evaluated by measuring crestal bone levels on st and ardized digital radiographs of the implants , using implant threads as a monitor of magnification and a pre- extraction reference . Secondary endpoint variables include soft tissue measures compared with method . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 76 patients were recruited and r and omized into treatment groups . Group 1 had a maxillary tooth ( premolar , canine , lateral or central incisor ) removed , with immediate socket grafting , followed by implant placement and provisionalization 4 months later with a single tooth . Group 2 had immediate implant placement and provisionalization . St and ardized radiograph holders were used to expose digital radiographs every 6 months from baseline to up to 2 years restored . Soft tissue measures were made from st and ardized reference points . Data collected were analyzed by a statistician to test the hypotheses . RESULTS A total of 55 patients completed their follow-up . Twenty-one patients were lost to follow-up because of implant loss ( n = 5 ) , 1 treated out of protocol because of labial  bone loss found at the time of tooth removal ( n = 1 ) , geographic relocation ( n = 11 ) , dropped for noncompliance ( n = 3 ) , or medical problems ( n = 1 ) . The analyses showed no significant differences between groups in implant integration or crestal interdental bone movement on either the implant or the adjacent tooth . The bone level on the implants did move from the baseline levels during the first 6 months but not thereafter . There were no differences ( P > .05 ) observed when comparing the interactions between groups , tooth locations , or time . There was a significant ( P < .05 ) difference in the position of the facial gingival margin with a more apical position of the facial gingival margin in the delayed group compared with the immediate group during the course of the study . CONCLUSIONS Crestal bone response to immediate or delayed placement of an implant into an extraction site in the maxillary anterior region with immediate provisionalization is similar regarding hard tissue changes . Support of the gingival margin with a provisional at the time of tooth extraction and implant placement preserved 1 mm more facial gingival margin position compared with the delayed group . The decision to use either method must consider the movement of the facial gingival margin , which , in a critical esthetic patient may require soft tissue support from a provisional restoration or similar type of anatomical healing abutment The aims of this article were to perform a detailed evaluation of the healing of extraction sockets covered with a resorbable collagen membrane 12 weeks following exodontia and to determine if this device had ossifying properties . Ten consecutive subjects in need of extraction of maxillary premolars were recruited . Each subject had a hopeless maxillary premolar extracted with minimal trauma . Sockets were then covered with a collagen barrier membrane alone . At 12 weeks , reentry surgery was performed , clinical measurements were repeated , and bone core biopsies were obtained prior to dental implant placement for histologic and microcomputed tomography ( micro-CT ) analysis . Study sites showed mean bone regeneration horizontally of 7.7 mm ( buccopalatally ) and 4.6 mm ( mesiodistally ) . Vertical bone repair showed a mean gain of 10.9 mm . Subtraction radiography showed a mean apical shift of the crestal bone at the center of the socket of 2.1 mm ( range , 0.7 to 4.3 mm ) . Micro-CT and histology revealed formation of well-mineralized tissue at 12 weeks , with a mean percentage of vital bone of 45.87 % ± 12.35 % . No signs of membrane ossification were observed . A detailed analysis of tissue neogenesis in extraction sites protected by this barrier membrane has demonstrated that adequate bone formation for implant placement occurs as early as 12 weeks following exodontia , with minimal changes in alveolar ridge dimensions . No evidence of membrane ossification was observed AIM The objective of the present study was to assess implant survival rate , hard and soft tissue response and aesthetic outcome 1 year after immediate placement and provisionalization of  single-tooth implants in the pre-maxilla . All patients underwent the same strategy , that is mucoperiosteal flap elevation , immediate implant placement , insertion of a grafting material between the implant and the socket wall and the connection of a screw-retained provisional restoration . MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty consecutive patients were treated for single-tooth replacement in the aesthetic zone by means of immediate implant placement and provisionalization .  Reasons for tooth loss included caries , periodontitis or trauma . At 6 months , provisional crowns were replaced by the permanent ones . Clinical and radiographic evaluation was completed at 1 , 3 , 6 and 12 months to assess implant survival and complications , hard and soft tissue parameters and patient 's aesthetic satisfaction . RESULTS One implant had failed at 1 month of follow-up , result ing in an implant survival rate of 97 % . Radiographic examination yielded 0.98 mm mesial , respectively , 0.78 mm distal bone loss . Midfacial soft tissue recession and mesial/distal papilla shrinkage were 0.53 , 0.41 and 0.31 mm , respectively . Patient 's aesthetic satisfaction was 93 % . CONCLUSIONS The preliminary results suggest that the proposed strategy can be considered to be a valuable treatment option in well-selected patients The purpose of the study was to evaluate survival and peri-implant bone levels of single ,  immediately loaded post-extractive implants in the anterior maxilla 12 months after implant placement . Thirty-six consecutive patients from 3 study centers were included in the study . The concerned sites were upper premolars , canines , and incisors . For each patient the following data were recorded : reason for tooth extraction , bone quality , implant size , and final insertion torque .  Implants were placed using a flapless technique and immediately loaded with a nonoccluding temporary restoration . Final restorations were provided 4 months later . Peri-implant bone resorption was evaluated radiographically after 6 and 12 months . The average final insertion torque was 70.55 Ncm . One implant inserted in D3 quality bone with a 35-Ncm seating torque was lost . All other implants had a final insertion torque ranging between 50 and 80 Ncm . The average peri-implant bone loss was 0.437 and 0.507 mm at 6 and 12 months , respectively . All the sites maintained excellent papillae and peri-implant soft-tissue conditions . The result ing 1-year success rate was 97.2 % . Immediate nonfunctional loading of single  post-extractive implants in the anterior maxilla is a predictable treatment . And it seems that achieving high insertion torques by placing self-tapping/self-condensing implants in an underprepared osteotomy is favorable AIM The purpose of this prospect i ve cohort study was to investigate , over an 18-month period , soft and hard tissue response to a transmucosal implant with a convergent collar inserted in the anterior maxillary esthetic area . MATERIAL S AND METHODS From June 2013 to January 2014 , 14 consecutive patients were enrolled ( 7 men and 7 women ; mean age 63.7 ± 14 years ) with 20 implants , needing at least one implant-supported restoration between the canines in the maxillary anterior esthetic area . Six months after hopeless tooth extraction and an alveolar socket graft , a transmucosal-type implant with convergent collar walls was inserted in a midcrestal position with mini-flap surgery . An impression was taken 2 months later , and a definitive abutment with a provisional restoration was positioned . The final restoration was seated 2 weeks later . Clinical parameters , photographs , radiographs , and impressions were taken at this timepoint , and after 6 and 18 months . Using dedicated software , radiographic analysis ( to detect marginal bone-level changes ) and cast analysis ( to detect soft tissue vertical and horizontal changes ) were performed . RESULTS At the 18-month follow-up , all implants were clinical ly osseointegrated , stable , and showed no sign of infection . At baseline , interproximal radiographs revealed no bone defect around the implant . After an initial minimal bone loss ( 0.09 ± 0.144 mm ) , radiographic analysis showed a stable condition of bone remodeling ( mean value 0.09 ± 0.08 ; range 0.0 to 0.5 mm ) at the 18-month follow-up . No statistically significant horizontal dimensional changes of the alveolar ridge were observed between each timepoint . Mean soft tissue levels significantly improved between baseline and 18 months . The mean heights of the mesial papilla ( MP ) and distal papilla ( DP ) changes were 0.38 ± 0.22 and 0.47 ± 0.31 , respectively . The level of the labial gingival margin ( LGM ) was 1.01 ± 0.63 . Periodontal parameters never exceeded the physiological levels . CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this preliminary study , the analyzed implants produced positive results in these esthetically dem and ing cases . This outcome should encourage long-term studies in order to assess , through controlled clinical trials , whether this convergent collar design offers advantages over other design s. Furthermore , due to the peculiar crestal module , together with the use of delayed implant insertion and a post extraction ridge preservation technique with biomimetic hydroxyapatite , the analyzed implants seem to help prevent the negative bone remodeling typically associated with two-piece implant systems , but without the well-known drawbacks of traditionally design ed transmucosal implants . Therefore , wherever crestal bone preservation is a critical issue for clinical success in the anterior maxillary area can be considered of particular interest OBJECTIVE To evaluate marginal bone loss over 3 years around immediate microthreaded implants placed in the maxillary anterior/esthetic zone and immediately restored with single crowns . MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-one implants  ( with microthreads up to the platform -- rough surface body and neck , internal connection and platform switching ) were placed in fresh extraction sockets in the maxillary arches of 30 men and 23 women ( mean age 37.85 ± 7.09 years , range 27 - 60 ) . All subjects had at least 3 mm of soft tissue to allow the establishment of adequate biologic width and to reduce bone resorption . Each patient received a provisional restoration immediately after implant placement with slight occlusal contact . Mesial and distal bone height was evaluated using digital radiography on the day following implant placement ( baseline ) and after 1 , 2 , and 3 years . Primary stability was measured with resonance frequency analysis . RESULTS No implants failed , result ing in a cumulative survival rate of 100 % after 3 years . Marginal bone loss from implant collar to bone crest measured at baseline ( peri-implant bone defect at the fresh extraction socket ) and after 3 years was 0.86 mm ± 0.29 mm . Mesial and distal site crestal bone loss ranged from 3.42 mm ± 1.2 mm at baseline to 3.51 mm ± 1.5 mm after 3 years ( P = 0.063 ) and from 3.38 mm ± 0.9 mm at baseline to 3.49 mm ± 0.9 mm after 3 years , respectively ( P = 0.086 ) . CONCLUSIONS This prospect i ve study found minimal marginal bone loss and a 100 % implant survival rate over the 3-year follow-up for microthreaded immediate implants subjected to immediate non-occlusal loading PURPOSE To evaluate early and immediate loading of implants in the posterior maxilla and to investigate whether there is a difference in success rates , survival rates , and peri-implant parameters , including marginal bone level changes . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A comprehensive systematic review of the literature was conducted . The selection of publications reporting on human clinical studies was based on predetermined inclusion criteria and was agreed upon by two review ers . RESULTS Twelve papers were identified on early loading ( two r and omized controlled clinical trials [ RCTs ] and 10 prospect i ve case series studies ) . Six papers were found on immediate loading ( one RCT , four prospect i ve case series , and one retrospective study ) . CONCLUSIONS Under certain circumstances it is possible to successfully load dental implants in the posterior maxilla early or immediately after their placement in selected patients . The success rate appears to be technique sensitive , although no study has directly assessed this . A high degree of primary implant stability ( high value of insertion torque ) and implant surface characteristics play an important role . It is not possible to draw evidence -based conclusions concerning contraindications , threshold values for implant stability , bone quality and quantity needed , or impact of occlusal loading forces . As for the impact of the surgical technique on implant outcome in different bone densities , no studies prove significant superior results with one technique over another . Well- design ed RCTs with a large number of patients are necessary to make early/immediate loading protocol s in posterior maxilla evidence based , but ethical and practical considerations may limit the real possibility of such studies in the near future The aim of the present study of  single-tooth implants  was to compare the success rate and marginal bone resorption of a narrow-diameter self-tapping implant placed in less available bone volume with the st and ard-diameter self-tapping implant placed in a well-dimensioned alveolar process . A new abutment technique and a different permanent abutment design were also evaluated . Fifty-five patients were included in the study ; 27 patients received 28 st and ard-diameter ( 3.75-mm ) implants , and 28 patients received 32 narrow-diameter ( 3.25-mm ) implants replacing either a central or a lateral incisor in the maxilla . In an attempt to create an ideal emergence profile and to regenerate papillae , individual acrylic resin tooth-shaped temporary abutments were fabricated , based on impressions made immediately following implant placement , and connected to the implant after 6 months . A minimum of 2 months were then allowed before definitive restorative procedures were performed . Impressions were always made at the implant level . Follow-up examinations were performed at 6 months after loading and 1 , 2 , and 3 years after loading . Two narrow-diameter implants were lost after 6 months , but no other failures were subsequently observed in any of the groups after that . In both groups , marginal bone loss followed the same pattern and was recorded radiographically to be a mean of 0.4 mm from the first to the last examination PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome of dental implants immediately placed and loaded into fresh extraction sockets after 18 months . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twenty-seven patients , 15 women and 12 men , received a total of 160 implants ;  150 were placed immediately after extraction . The sockets in the study had fully preserved walls , and 10 were placed in healed sites . Immediately after surgical procedure , all patients received the temporary prosthetic reconstruction in occlusion . Five months postsurgery , definitive metal-ceramic restorations were cemented on abutments . Follow-up visits were performed for the assessment of clinical parameters . Intraoral digital radiographic examinations were performed 3 and 18 months after implant placement . RESULTS Minor swelling of the gingival mucosa was observed , but no mucositis or flap dehiscence with suppuration were found . Mean marginal bone loss 1 year 18 months after immediate loading was 0.65 + /- 0.58 mm to the mesial side and 0.84 + /- 0.69 mm to the distal side in the maxilla and 1.13 + /- 0.51 mm mesially and 1.24 + /- 0.60 mm distally in the m and ible . There was no difference between splinted and nonsplinted implants with respect to marginal bone loss . DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Within the limits of this clinical study , the results indicate that immediate loading of implants placed in immediate extraction sites can be carried out successfully . ( Case Series OBJECTIVES To evaluate immediate placement and immediate restoration of a novel implant with a 12 ° -angled prosthodontic platform , in fresh extraction sockets of the aesthetic zone of the maxilla . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Tapered , roughened surface implants of 4 mm ( n=15 ) or 5 mm ( n=13 ) diameter were placed in 27 participants ( mean age : 47.1 years ; range : 21 - 71 years ) requiring an immediate replacement of single anterior maxillary teeth .  Provisional screw-retained all-ceramic crowns were placed within 4 h following optical impressions . At 8 weeks ( baseline ) , definitive screw-retained all-ceramic crowns were placed in occlusion . RESULTS Twenty-six of the 28 implants met the inclusion criteria at surgery . Marginal bone levels revealed bone gain between surgery and baseline , and between baseline and 1 year of 0.2 mm ( SD 0.75 ) and 0.78 mm ( SD 2.45 ) . Mean mid-buccal mucosal margins showed gains of 0.2 mm ( SD 0.44 ) . Prosthodontic maintenance and the aesthetics of the screw-retained implant crowns were facilitated by the external hex 12 ° -angled prosthodontic platform on the novel implant design , re-orientating the access cavity to the palatal or occlusal surfaces . All-ceramic implant crowns showed a high success rate with low maintenance issues over 1 year . CONCLUSION Tapered , roughened-surfaced implants with a novel 12 ° -angled prosthodontic platform immediately placed in fresh extraction sockets , immediately restored with provisional crowns and subsequent definitive crowns at 8 weeks were successful for 1 year PURPOSE This clinical study aim ed to assess the dimensional stability of peri-implant soft tissues around immediately placed and restored  implants in the maxillary esthetic zone . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Twelve systemically healthy patients presenting with a hopeless maxillary central incisor were selected .  Provisional restorations were delivered immediately after tooth extraction and implant placement . Periimplant soft tissue dimensions were measured either by direct clinical examination or evaluation of study casts . Measurements were performed before extraction ; immediately after implant and restoration placement ; and 6 weeks , 3 months , 6 months , 12 months , and 18 months postoperatively . The distances assessed were : tip of the mesial papilla to the mesioincisal edge of the adjacent central incisor , tip of the distal papilla to the mesioincisal edge of the adjacent lateral incisor , and the length of the clinical crown of the definitive restoration . RESULTS All patients completed the study , and no implants failed within the 18-month follow-up period ( 100 % survival rate ) . No statistical differences were observed in the distances between the incisal edge of the adjacent teeth and the mesial and distal papilla tips ( P = .303 and .099 , respectively ) at any follow-up appointment . Likewise , there were no alterations in the definitive clinical crown dimensions during the follow-up period ( P = .406 ) . CONCLUSION The findings of this 18-month prospect i ve study indicate that , within the selection criteria and technique presented in this study , immediate implants with immediate restorations can be a predictable option for the replacement of teeth in the esthetic zone , providing stability to the peri-implant soft tissue PURPOSE The purpose of this investigation was to compare the efficacy of two therapeutic options-immediate implant placement and ridge preservation with delayed implant placement-in maintaining the position of the soft tissue margins following tooth extraction . MATERIAL S AND METHODS This r and omized controlled study evaluated apicocoronal changes in the midbuccal and proximal mucosal positions at implant placement sites from tooth extraction to 3 and 6 months following extraction . Twenty-four patients ( 26 sites ) r and omly received either immediate implant placement or ridge preservation ( grafting with freeze-dried bone allograft and a collagen membrane ) followed by implant placement 3 months later . Immediate placement sites received bone grafting for horizontal defects > 2 mm ( from implant to cortical wall ) . Soft tissue measurements , vertical measurements , and ridge width measurements were performed and compared for immediate versus delayed implants and thin versus thick biotype . RESULTS The midbuccal soft tissue margins showed minimal recession over 6 months from the time of extraction ( mean 0.17 + /- 0.47 mm ) , with no differences between treatment groups . Interproximal tissue height decreased significantly from extraction to 6 months ( mesial , 1.73 + /- 0.71 mm ; distal , 1.48 + /- 0.80 mm ) , with no significant differences between immediate and delayed placement . Immediate implant sites had greater reductions in ridge width 6 months after extraction than delayed placement sites . Tissue biotype failed to show any significant relationship with the changes identified . CONCLUSIONS This r and omized controlled study comparing soft tissue changes following extraction failed to identify differences between patients treated with immediate or delayed approaches for midbuccal or interproximal soft tissue margins , although greater decreases in ridge width were observed in sites lacking bone grafting . Both immediate and delayed treatment approaches appear to be appropriate following tooth extraction , with the preferred treatment based on factors other than result ant soft tissue changes OBJECTIVES Autologous bone augmentation to rebuild compromised alveolar ridge contour prior to implant placement allows for favorable three-dimensional implant positioning to achieve optimum implant esthetics . The aim of the present study was to evaluate peri-implant soft tissue conditions around single-tooth implants following bone grafts in the esthetic zone of the maxilla . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Sixty patients underwent autologous bone augmentation of deficient maxillary sites prior to placement of 85 implants in the esthetic zone . In case of multiple implants per patient , one implant was r and omly selected . Objective evaluation of 60 single-tooth implants was performed using the Pink-Esthetic-Score ( PES ) and Papilla Index ( PI ) and supplemented by subjective patient evaluation , as well as clinical and radiologic examination . RESULTS Objective ratings of implant esthetics were satisfactory ( median PES : 11 , median PI : 2 ) and significantly correlated with high patient satisfaction ( mean VAS score : 80 % ) . Both esthetic indices demonstrated respectable levels of inter- as well as intra-observer agreement . Poor implant esthetics ( low PES and PI ratings ) were significantly associated with increased anatomic crown height , while no influence of horizontal implant-tooth distance could be found . CONCLUSIONS The present investigation indicates that favorable esthetic results may be achieved in the augmented anterior maxilla . However , bony reconstruction of compromised alveolar ridges does not guarantee optimum implant esthetics Background During rapid maxillary expansion ( RME ) , heavy forces are transmitted to the maxilla by the anchored teeth causing buccal inclination and buccal bone loss of posterior teeth . Objective To systematic ally review the literature in order to investigate whether RME causes periodontal sequelae , assessed by cone-beam computed tomography ( CBCT ) . Search methods Fifteen electronic data bases and reference lists of studies were search ed up to March 2017 . Selection criteria To be included in the systematic review , articles must be human studies on growing subjects , with transversal maxillary deficiency treated with RME and with assessment of buccal bone loss by CBCT images . Only r and omized and non-r and omized trials were included . Data collection and analysis Two authors independently performed study selection , data extraction , and risk of bias assessment . Study characteristics ( study design , sample size , age , sex , skeletal maturity , type of appliance , daily activation , evaluated linear measurements , observation period , CBCT setting s ) , and study outcomes ( loss of buccal bone thickness and marginal bone ) were reported according to the PRISMA statement . Results On the basis of the applied inclusion criteria , only six articles , three r and omized clinical trials and three controlled clinical trials were included . An individual analysis of the selected articles was undertaken . The risks of bias of the six trials were scored as medium to low . Limitations The results of the present systematic review are based on a limited number of studies and only one study included a control group . Conclusions and implication s In all considered studies , significant loss of buccal bone thickness and marginal bone level were observed in anchored teeth , following RME . Further prospect i ve studies correlating the radiological data of bone loss to the periodontal soft tissues reaction after RME are required . A preliminary evaluation of the patient-related risk factors for RR may be advisable when considering to administering RME . Registration This systematic review was registered in the National Institute of Health Research data base with an appropriate protocol number ( http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/ PROSPERO Protocol : CRD42017062645 ) . Funding The present study has not received any contributions from private or public funding agencies PURPOSE The objective of this prospect i ve clinical study was to document the overall treatment outcome of immediately loaded single Astra Tech Osseospeed ™ ( Astra Tech AB , Mölndal , Sweden ) implants placed in extraction sockets , healed ridges , and grafted sites . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Forty-eight patients in need of a single implant in the anterior maxilla ( 15 - 25 ) were recruited . Patients were allocated to a conventional implant treatment ( CIT ) or immediate implant treatment ( IIT ) group on the basis of specific criteria . If the buccal bone plate was damaged or missing upon tooth removal , patients were allocated to a grafted implant treatment ( GIT ) group . Irrespective of the treatment concept , implants were immediately provisionalized . Hard and soft tissue alterations , aesthetic parameters ( pink and white esthetic scores , [ PES and WES ] ) and patient 's opinion ( Oral Health Impact Profile [ OHIP-14 ] question naires ) were registered at different time points . RESULTS After 1 year of function , the overall implant survival rate was 98 % with one failure following IIT . The mean bone level to the implant-abutment interface was 0.65 ( SD 0.79 ) , 0.85 ( SD 0.64 ) , and 0.56 mm ( SD 0.44 ) for CIT , IIT , and GIT . Complete papilla loss was rare following either strategy . Mean midfacial recession amounted to 1.00 ( SD 1.15 ) , 0.12 ( SD 0.78 ) , and 0.49 mm ( SD 0.82 ) for CIT , IIT , and GIT , respectively . The aesthetic outcome showed a mean PES of 10.30 ( SD 1.89 ) and mean WES of 7.11 ( SD 2.14 ) , all patients considered . Patient 's satisfaction showed a significant improvement after 1 year of function on all seven domains ( p < .001 ) . CONCLUSIONS This prospect i ve study showed that single implants clinical ly and aesthetically perform well under immediate non-occlusal loading conditions in the premaxilla . In this context , it is of pivotal importance to stress that patients were carefully selected for IIT and GIT
Conclusion It can be concluded that bone remodeling occurs after tooth extraction and immediate implant installation
Purpose The objective of this systematic review was to assess the three-dimensional changes in bone tissue after immediate installation of a single implant in a fresh extraction socket in the anterior maxilla .