Overview of Systematic Reviews: Yoga as a Therapeutic Intervention for Adults with Acute and Chronic Health Conditions Yoga for the management of pain and sleep in rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot randomized controlled trial Development of an instrument to assess the quality of acupuncture: results from a Delphi process. A responder analysis of the effects of yoga for individuals with COPD: who benefits and how? Follow-up of Yoga of Awareness for Fibromyalgia: Results at 3 Months and Replication in the Wait-list Group Evaluation of a yoga based regimen for treatment of osteoarthritis of the hands. The impact of modified Hatha yoga on chronic low back pain: a pilot study. Effects of yoga and the addition of Tui Na in patients with fibromyalgia. The Influence of Yoga-Based Programs on Risk Profiles in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review Designing, validation, and feasibility of integrated yoga therapy module for chronic low back pain A pilot randomized controlled trial of the Yoga of Awareness program in the management of fibromyalgia P02.127. Recruitment strategies for community-based yoga research in a predominant minority population The effectiveness of yoga to prevent diabetes mellitus type 2 Preference and Expectation for Treatment Assignment in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Once- vs Twice-weekly Yoga for Chronic Low Back Pain Evaluation of the Effectiveness and Efficacy of Iyengar Yoga Therapy on Chronic Low Back Pain Randomized controlled trial of yoga and exercise in multiple sclerosis Iyengar yoga for treating symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knees: a pilot study.
Objectives . Overview the quality , direction , and characteristics of yoga interventions for treatment of acute and chronic health conditions in adult population s. Methods . We search ed for systematic review s in 10 online data bases , bibliographic references , and h and - search es in  yoga-related  journals . Included review s satisfy Oxman criteria and specify yoga as a primary intervention in one or more r and omized controlled trials for treatment in adults . The AMSTAR tool and GRADE approach evaluated the method ological quality of review s and quality of evidence . Results . We identified 2202 titles , of which 41 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility and 26 systematic review s satisfied inclusion criteria . Thirteen systematic review s include quantitative data and six papers include meta- analysis . The quality of evidence is generally low . Sixteen different types of health conditions are included . Eleven review s show tendency towards positive effects of yoga intervention , 15 review s report unclear results , and no , review s report adverse effects of yoga . Yoga appears most effective for reducing symptoms in anxiety , depression , and pain . Conclusion . Although the quality of systematic review s is high , the quality of supporting evidence is low . Significant heterogeneity and variability in reporting interventions by type of yoga , setting s , and population characteristics limit the generalizability of results OBJECTIVE The aim of the present study was to determine the feasibility of a relaxation-based yoga intervention for rheumatoid arthritis , design ed and reported in accordance with Delphi recommendations for yoga interventions for musculoskeletal conditions . METHODS Participants were recruited from a hospital data base , and r and omized to either eight weekly 75-min yoga classes  or a usual care control .  Feasibility was determined by recruitment rates , retention , protocol adherence , participant satisfaction and adverse events . Secondary physical and psychosocial outcomes were assessed using self-reported question naires at baseline ( week 0 ) , week 9 ( primary time point ) and week 12 ( follow-up ) . RESULTS Over a 3-month period , 26 participants with mild pain , mild to moderate functional disability and moderate disease activity were recruited into the study ( 25 % recruitment rate ) . Retention rates were 100 % for yoga participants and 92 % for usual care participants at both weeks 9 and 12 . Protocol adherence and participant satisfaction were high . Yoga participants attended a median of seven classes ; additionally , seven of the yoga participants ( 54 % ) reported continuing yoga at home during the follow-up period . No serious adverse events were related to the study . Secondary outcomes showed no group effects of yoga compared with usual care . CONCLUSIONS A relaxation-based yoga programme was found to be feasible and safe for participants with rheumatoid arthritis-related pain and functional disability . Adverse events were minor , and not unexpected from an intervention including physical components . This pilot provides a framework for larger intervention studies , and supports further exploration of yoga as a complex intervention to assist with the management of rheumatoid arthritis BACKGROUND Quality acupuncture influences the outcomes of clinical research , and issues associated with effective administration of acupuncture in r and omized controlled trials need to be addressed when appraising studies . OBJECTIVE The study objective was to achieve consensus on domains and items for inclusion in a rating scale to assess quality acupuncture administered in clinical research . STUDY DESIGN AND SUBJECTS An active group of Australian acupuncture research ers initially identified a pool of items assessing quality . The Delphi consensus process was then used to select and reduce the number of items , and an additional expert panel of 42 research ers were invited to participate . Participants initially ranked items along a five-point scale for the first Delphi round , and indicated an agree or disagree response during the second round . For an item to be retained into the second round , an item had to attain greater than 80 % agreement that the item described a dimension of quality acupuncture and related study design . RESULTS Thirty-two ( 32 ) experts agreed to participate in the study . After two rounds of the Delphi process , consensus was reached on 14 domains and 26 items relating to quality acupuncture . Domains , items , and minimum st and ards related to study design ; rationale of the intervention ; criteria relating to needling stimulation either manual or electrostimulation ; duration and frequency of treatment ; and practitioner training . CONCLUSIONS Items for inclusion in an instrument to assess quality  acupuncture in clinical research were identified . Further development of the instrument including relative weighting of items and reliability testing is under way BACKGROUND We previously reported that a twice-weekly , modified Iyengar yoga program was a safe and viable self-management strategy for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . 1 OBJECTIVE The primary purpose of this exploratory analysis was to classify yoga participants into 1 of 3 responder categories by using minimum clinical ly important difference ( MCID ) criteria for each of 3 variables : 6-minute walk distance ( 6MW ) , distress related to dyspnea ( shortness of breath ; DD ) , and functional performance ( FPI ) . Changes in health-related quality of life ( HRQL ) and in psychological well-being ( anxiety and depression ) , and participants ' self-reported improvements by responder category were also examined . A secondary goal was to identify baseline participant characteristics , including initial r and omization assignment that might predict response to treatment . METHODS Participants were r and omly assigned to either an initial yoga ( IY ) or an enhanced wait-list control ( WLC ) group . Those in the WLC group were offered the yoga program immediately following the IY group 's participation . Individuals from both groups who completed at least 18 of 24 yoga classes were categorized as responders , partial responders , or non-responders for each of the 3 outcome variables ( 6MW , DD , FPI ) on the basis of MCID criteria . Baseline characteristics and changes in HRQL and psychological well-being were also analyzed . RESULTS None of the participants demonstrated MCIDs for all 3 outcomes ; however , 6 were classified as responders for 2 out-come variables and 4 were classified as non-responders for all 3 outcome variables . Two-thirds of the female participant group and one-third of the male participant group completed the yoga program . DD responders showed increased anxiety levels , whereas anxiety levels of the DD non-responders remained unchanged . FPI responders reported significant improvements in physical function , whereas partial and non-FPI responders noted declined function . Participants assigned to the IY group demonstrated greater benefit from yoga than did those in the W LC group . CONCLUSIONS Although this modified Iyengar yoga program appears to have benefited some individuals with COPD , further studies are required to assess who the intervention works for and under what conditions Objectives : Published preliminary findings from a r and omized-controlled trial suggest that an 8-week Yoga of Awareness intervention may be effective for improving symptoms , functional deficits , and coping abilities in fibromyalgia . The primary aims of this study were to evaluate the same intervention ’s posttreatment effects in a wait-list group and to test the intervention ’s effects at 3-month follow-up in the immediate treatment group . Methods : Unpaired t tests were used to compare data from a per protocol sample of 21 women in the immediate treatment group who had completed treatment and 18 women in the wait-list group who had completed treatment . Within-group paired t tests were performed to compare posttreatment data with 3-month follow-up data in the immediate treatment group . The primary outcome measure was the Fibromyalgia Impact Question naire Revised ( FIQR ) . Multilevel r and om-effects models were also used to examine associations between yoga practice rates and outcomes . Results : Posttreatment results in the wait-list group largely mirrored results seen at posttreatment in the immediate treatment group , with the FIQR Total Score improving by 31.9 % across the 2 groups . Follow-up results showed that patients sustained most of their posttreatment gains , with the FIQR Total Score remaining 21.9 % improved at 3 months . Yoga practice rates were good , and more practice was associated with more benefit for a variety of outcomes . Discussion : These findings indicate that the benefits of Yoga of Awareness in fibromyalgia are replicable and can be maintained OBJECTIVE Yoga and relaxation techniques have traditionally been used by nonmedical practitioners to help alleviate musculoskeletal symptoms . The objective of this study was to collect controlled observations of the effect of yoga on the h and s of patients with osteoarthritis ( OA ) . METHODS Patients with OA of the h and s were r and omly assigned to receive either the yoga program or no therapy . Yoga techniques were supervised by one instructor once/week for 8 weeks . Variables assessed were pain , strength , motion , joint circumference , tenderness , and h and function using the Stanford H and Assessment question naire . RESULTS The yoga treated group improved significantly more than the control group in pain during activity , tenderness and finger range of motion . Other trends also favored the yoga program . CONCLUSION This yoga derived program was effective in providing relief in h and OA . Further studies are needed to compare this with other treatments and to examine longterm effects PURPOSE The purpose of this r and omized pilot study was to evaluate a possible design for a 6-week modified hatha yoga protocol to study the effects on participants with chronic low back pain . PARTICIPANTS Twenty-two participants ( M = 4 ; F = 17 ) , between the ages of 30 and 65 , with chronic low back pain ( CLBP ) were r and omized to either an immediate yoga based intervention , or to a control group with no treatment during the observation period but received later yoga training . METHODS A specific  CLBP yoga protocol design ed and modified for this population  by a certified yoga instructor was administered for one hour , twice a week for 6 weeks . Primary functional outcome measures included the forward reach ( FR ) and sit and reach ( SR ) tests . All participants completed Oswestry Disability Index ( ODI ) and Beck Depression Inventory ( BDI ) question naires . Guiding questions were used for qualitative data analysis to ascertain how yoga participants perceived the instructor , group dynamics , and the impact of yoga on their life . ANALYSIS To account for drop outs , the data were divided into better or not categories , and analyzed using chi-square to examine differences between the groups . Qualitative data were analyzed through frequency of positive responses . RESULTS Potentially important trends in the functional measurement scores showed improved balance and flexibility and decreased disability and depression for the yoga group but this pilot was not powered to reach statistical significance . Significant limitations included a high dropout rate in the control group and large baseline differences in the secondary measures . In addition , analysis of the qualitative data revealed the following frequency of responses ( 1 ) group intervention motivated the participants and ( 2 ) yoga fostered relaxation and new awareness/learning . CONCLUSION A modified yoga-based intervention may benefit individuals with CLB , but a larger study is necessary to provide definitive evidence . Also , the impact on depression and disability could be considered as important outcomes for further study . Additional functional outcome measures should be explored . This pilot study supports the need for more research investigating the effect of yoga for this population OBJECTIVES This study aim ed to verify whether techniques of yoga with and without the addition of Tui Na might improve pain and the negative impact of fibromyalgia ( FMS ) on patients ' daily life . DESIGN Forty ( 40 ) FMS women were r and omized into two groups , Relaxing Yoga ( RY ) and Relaxing Yoga plus Touch ( RYT ) , for eight weekly sessions of stretching , breathing , and relaxing yogic techniques . RYT patients were further su bmi tted to manipulative techniques of Tui Na . OUTCOME MEASURE Outcome measures comprised the Fibromyalgia Impact Question naire ( FIQ ) , pain threshold at the 18 FMS tender points , and a verbal graduation of pain assessed before treatment and on the followup . The visual analog scale ( VAS ) for pain was assessed before and after each session and on the follow-up . RESULTS Seventeen ( 17 ) RYT and 16 RY patients completed the study . Both RY and RYT groups showed improvement in the FIQ and VAS scores , which decreased on all sessions . The RYT group showed lower VAS and verbal scores for pain on the eighth session , but this difference was not maintained on the follow-up . Conversely , RY VAS and verbal scores were significantly lower just on the follow-up . CONCLUSIONS These study results showed that yogic techniques are valid therapeutic methods for FMS . Touch addition yielded greater improvement during the treatment . Over time , however , RY patients reported less pain than RYT . These results suggest that a passive therapy may possibly decrease control over FMS symptoms There is growing evidence that yoga may offer a safe and cost-effective intervention for Type 2 Diabetes mellitus ( DM 2 ) . However , systematic review s are lacking . This article critically review s the published literature regarding the effects of yoga-based programs on physiologic and anthropometric risk profiles and related clinical outcomes in adults with DM 2 . We performed a comprehensive literature search using four computerized English and Indian scientific data bases . The search was restricted to original studies ( 1970–2006 ) that evaluated the metabolic and clinical effects of  yoga in adults with DM 2 . Studies targeting clinical population s with cardiovascular disorders that included adults with comorbid DM were also evaluated . Data were extracted regarding study design , setting , target population , intervention , comparison group or condition , outcome assessment , data analysis and presentation , follow-up , and key results , and the quality of each study was evaluated according to specific predetermined criteria . We identified 25 eligible studies , including 15 uncontrolled trials , 6 non-r and omized controlled trials and 4 r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) . Overall , these studies suggest beneficial changes in several risk indices , including glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity , lipid profiles , anthropometric characteristics , blood pressure , oxidative stress , coagulation profiles , sympathetic activation and pulmonary function , as well as improvement in specific clinical outcomes .  Yoga may improve risk profiles in adults with DM 2 , and may have promise for the prevention and management of cardiovascular complications in this population . However , the limitations characterizing most studies preclude drawing firm conclusions . Additional high- quality RCTs are needed to confirm and further eluci date the effects of st and ardized yoga programs in population s with DM 2 Context : Chronic low back pain ( CLBP ) is a significant public health problem that has reached epidemic proportions . Yoga therapy has emerged as one of the complementary and alternative therapies for CLBP . Aim : The present study reports the development , validation , and feasibility of an integrated yoga therapy module ( IYTM ) for CLBP . Setting s and Design : This study was carried out at the SVYASA Yoga University , Bengaluru , South India . The IYTM for CLBP was design ed , vali date d , and later tested for feasibility in patients with CLBP . Material s and Methods : In the first phase , IYTM for CLBP was design ed based on the literature review of classical texts and recently published research studies . In the second phase , design ed IYTM ( 26 yoga practice s ) was vali date d by thirty subject matter ( yoga ) experts . Content validity ratio ( CVR ) was analyzed using Lawshe 's formula . In the third phase , the vali date d IYTM ( 20 yoga practice s ) was tested on 12 patients for pain , disability and perceived stress at baseline and after 1-month of this intervention . Results : A total of 20 yoga practice s with CVR ≥0.33 were included , 6 yoga practice s with CVR ≥0.33 were excluded from the design ed IYTM . The feasibility study with vali date d IYTM showed significant reduction in numerical pain rating scale ( P = 0.02 ) , Oswestry disability scale ( P = 0.02 ) , and Perceived Stress Scale ( P = 0.03 ) . Conclusion : The design ed IYTM was vali date d by thirty yoga experts and later evaluated on a small sample . This study has shown that the vali date d IYTM is feasible , had no adverse effects and was useful in alleviating pain , disability , and perceived stress in patients with CLBP . However , r and omized control trials with larger sample are needed to strengthen the study & NA ; A mounting body of literature recommends that treatment for fibromyalgia ( FM ) encompass medications , exercise and improvement of coping skills . However , there is a significant gap in determining an effective counterpart to pharmacotherapy that incorporates both exercise and coping . The aim of this r and omized controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of a comprehensive yoga intervention on FM symptoms and coping . A sample of 53 female FM patients were r and omized to the 8‐week Yoga of Awareness program ( gentle poses , meditation , breathing exercises , yoga‐based coping instructions , group discussion s ) or to wait‐listed st and ard care . Data were analyzed by intention to treat . At post‐treatment , women assigned to the yoga program showed significantly greater improvements on st and ardized measures of FM symptoms and functioning , including pain , fatigue , and mood , and in pain catastrophizing , acceptance , and other coping strategies . This pilot study provides promising support for the potential benefits of a yoga program for women with FM Purpose The Yoga Dosing Study is the first part of a 4-year NIH/ NCCAM funded comparative effectiveness r and omized controlled trial of yoga vs. physical therapy vs. education for chronic low back pain ( CLBP ) in underserved population s. We sought to recruit a diverse population by reducing barriers such as health literacy , and increasing access and awareness of research studies through community health center partnerships Background : Type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) is becoming a leading problem worldwide . Emerging reports reveal alarming evidence of increasing prevalence of T2DM that has reached p and emic levels . Despite the significant incidence , there are limited reliable data re sources and comprehensive systematic review and meta- analysis on the effects of yoga on people who are a prediabetic or high risk for developing T2DM . Objective : The objective of this protocol is to conduct a full-scale systematic review and meta-analyses on the effects of yoga on people who are prediabetes or high risk of developing T2DM . Methods : The articles enrolled in the study will be retrieved from the online data bases between 2002 and the date the search es are executed . The search es will be repeated just before the final analyses and further relevant studies for inclusion . We will conduct a bibliographic search in data bases : Medline / PubMed , Scopus , Cochrane Library , EBSCO , and IndMED using keywords including prediabetes state , high risk for diabetes , metabolic syndrome , and yoga . A defined search strategy will be implemented along with selection criteria to obtain full-text articles of relevant studies . This study protocol was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review s and Meta- Analysis for Protocol s 2015 guidelines . There will be no language restrictions . Ethics and dissemination : The proposed study will be based on published studies and publicly available anonymized data without directly involving human participants and therefore requires neither formal human ethical review nor approval by a human research ethics committee . We published an outline of the protocol in the International Prospect i ve Register of Systematic Review s ( PROSPERO ) in 2018 . We plan to disseminate the findings of this systematic review and meta- analysis through publication in a peer- review ed journal and presentation at relevant conference proceedings . In addition , we believe the results of the systematic review will have implication s for policy and practice . We will prepare policymaker summary using a vali date d format , disseminate through social media and email discussion groups . Review registration number : PROSPERO registration number CRD Background : In studies involving nonpharmacological complementary and alternative medicine interventions , participant blinding is very difficult . Participant expectations may affect perceived benefit of therapy . In studies of yoga as treatment for chronic low back pain , little is known about the relationship between patient expectations and preferences on outcomes . This study was design ed to identify baseline predictors of preference and to determine if expectations and preferences for different doses of yoga affect back-related function and low back pain intensity . Methods : This was a secondary data analysis of a 12-week r and omized controlled trial comparing once-weekly vs twice-weekly yoga for treatment of chronic low back pain in 93 adults from a predominantly low-income minority population . At baseline , participants were asked about back function , back pain , treatment expectations , and treatment preferences . We created a variable “ concordance ” to describe the matching of participant preference to r and omized treatment . Our outcome variables were change in back function and pain intensity after 12 weeks of yoga instruction . We performed logistic regression to identify predictors of preference for once- or twice-weekly yoga instruction . We created linear regression models to identify independent associations between expectations , preference , concordance , and outcomes . Results : Worse back function at baseline was associated with 20 % higher odds of preferring twice-weekly yoga ( OR 1.2 , CI 1.1 , 1.3 ) . Individuals with higher expectation scores for twice-weekly yoga had 90 % higher odds of preferring twice-weekly vs once-weekly yoga ( OR 1.9 , CI 1.3 , 2.7 ) . Individuals with higher expectation scores for once-weekly yoga had 40 % less odds of preferring twice-weekly yoga ( OR 0.6 , CI 0.5 , 0.9 ) . After controlling for baseline characteristics , we found no statistically significant relationship between treatment outcomes , preference , expectation scores , or concordance . Conclusion : In a population of predominantly low-income minority participants with chronic low back pain , worse back function was associated with preference for more frequent yoga classes . Those who preferred more yoga classes had higher expectations for those classes . Twelve-week change in back pain intensity and back function were not affected by dosing preference , expectation score , or concordance . More research is needed to better measure and quantify preference , expectations , and their relationship to outcomes in yoga research Study Design . The effectiveness and efficacy of Iyengar yoga for chronic low back pain ( CLBP ) were assessed with intention-to-treat and per- protocol analysis . Ninety subjects were r and omized to a yoga ( n = 43 ) or control group ( n = 47 ) receiving st and ard medical care . Participants were followed 6 months after completion of the intervention . Objective . This study aim ed to evaluate Iyengar yoga therapy on chronic low back pain . Yoga subjects were hypothesized to report greater reductions in functional disability , pain intensity , depression , and pain medication usage than controls . Summary of Background Data . CLBP is a musculoskeletal disorder with public health and economic impact . Pilot studies of yoga and back pain have reported significant changes in clinical ly important outcomes . Methods . Subjects were recruited through self-referral and health professional referrals according to explicit inclusion /exclusion criteria . Yoga subjects participated in 24 weeks of biweekly yoga classes design ed for CLBP . Outcomes were assessed at 12 ( midway ) , 24 ( immediately after ) , and 48 weeks ( 6-month follow-up ) after the start of the intervention using the Oswestry Disability Question naire , a Visual Analog Scale , the Beck Depression Inventory , and a pain medication-usage question naire . Results . Using intention-to-treat analysis with repeated measures ANOVA ( group × time ) , significantly greater reductions in functional disability and pain intensity were observed in the yoga group when compared to the control group at 24 weeks . A significantly greater proportion of yoga subjects also reported clinical improvements at both 12 and 24 weeks . In addition , depression was significantly lower in yoga subjects . Furthermore , while a reduction in pain medication occurred , this was comparable in both groups . When results were analyzed using per- protocol analysis , improvements were observed for all outcomes in the yoga group , including agreater trend for reduced pain medication usage . Although slightly less than at 24 weeks , the yoga group had statistically significant reductions in functional disability , pain intensity , and depression compared to st and ard medical care 6-months postintervention . Conclusion . Yoga  improves functional disability , pain intensity , and depression in adults with CLBP . There was also a clinical ly important trend for the yoga group to reduce their pain medication usage compared to the control group Objective : To determine the effect of yoga and of aerobic exercise on cognitive function , fatigue , mood , and quality of life in multiple sclerosis ( MS ) . Methods : Subjects with clinical ly definite MS and Exp and ed Disability Status Score less than or equal to 6.0 were r and omly assigned to one of three groups lasting 6 months : weekly Iyengar yoga class along with home practice , weekly exercise class using a stationary bicycle along with home exercise , or a waiting-list control group . Outcome assessment s performed at baseline and at the end of the 6-month period included a battery of cognitive measures focused on attention , physiologic measures of alertness , Profile of Mood States , State-Trait Anxiety Inventory , Multi-Dimensional Fatigue Inventory ( MFI ) , and Short Form (SF)-36 health-related quality of life . Results : Sixty-nine subjects were recruited and r and omized . Twelve subjects did not finish the 6-month intervention . There were no adverse events related to the intervention . There were no effects from either of the active interventions on either of the primary outcome measures of attention or alertness . Both active interventions produced improvement in secondary measures of fatigue compared to the control group : Energy and Fatigue ( Vitality ) on the SF-36 and general fatigue on the MFI . There were no clear changes in mood related to yoga or exercise . Conclusion : Subjects with MS participating in either a 6-month yoga class or exercise class showed significant improvement in measures of fatigue compared to a waiting-list control group . There was no relative improvement of cognitive function in either of the intervention groups OBJECTIVES The American College of Rheumatology ( ACR ) Guidelines for the medical management of osteoarthritis ( OA ) emphasize the use of nonpharmacologic interventions including exercise . Implementation of an exercise program can be difficult for patients , and little is known about the benefits of alternative therapies such as yoga . The aim of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility of using yoga in the tradition of B.K.S. Iyengar to treat the symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee . DESIGN Participants were instructed in modified Iyengar yoga postures during 90-minute classes once weekly for 8 weeks . SUBJECTS Participants met ACR criteria for osteoarthritis of the knee and completed a medical history and physical examination , Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index ( WOMAC  )  , Arthritis Impact Measurement Scale 2 ( AIMS 2 ) , Patient Global Assessment ( GA ) by Visual Analog Scale ( VAS ) , Physician GA by VAS , and 50-foot Walk Time before and following an 8-week course of yoga instruction . Eleven ( 11 ) subjects enrolled , nine completed at least one session and seven ( six of whom were obese ) had data from pre- and post-course time points available for analysis . RESULTS Statistically significant reductions in WOMAC Pain , WOMAC Physical Function , and AIMS 2 Affect were observed when participants ' status were compared to their pre-course status . WOMAC Stiffness , AIMS 2 Symptoms , Social and Role , Physician GA , and Patient GA measured trends in improvement of symptoms . No adverse events from treatment were reported . CONCLUSIONS This pilot study suggests that yoga may provide a feasible treatment option for previously yoga-naive , obese patients > 50 years of age and offers potential reductions in pain and disability caused by knee OA . Future studies should compare yoga to other nonpharmacologic interventions for knee OA , such as patient education or quadriceps-strengthening exercises
Findings reveal a lack of reporting of intervention details , the need to report a disease-specific rationale for selection of the particular yoga style used for the intervention , and that a limited number of yoga styles have been investigated in persons with fibromyalgia
OBJECTIVE The objective of this article was to present a methodology incorporating existing guidelines and tools for systematic review s and to evaluate the Delphi survey 33 key component recommendations of yoga interventions for musculoskeletal conditions as a tool for a systematic review in fibromyalgia studies .