Lipid-lipoproteins in children: an exercise dose-response study. Lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein profiles in active and sedentary men with tetraplegia. Effects on adolescents' lipid profile of a fitness-enhancing intervention in the school setting; the EDUFIT study. Physical training improves insulin resistance syndrome markers in obese adolescents. Freiburg Intervention Trial for Obese Children (FITOC): results of a clinical observation study Association among serum lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and physical activity, physical fitness, and body composition in young children. Exercise training improves body composition, blood lipid profile and serum insulin levels in obese children. Effects of resistance and multicomponent exercise on lipid profiles of older women. Effects of dietary intervention and strength training on blood lipid level in obese children Effects of a classroom-based weight-control intervention on cardiovascular disease in elementary-school obese children. The role of exercise in modulating the impact of an ultralow-fat diet on serum lipids and apolipoproteins in patients with or at risk for coronary artery disease. Improvement of early vascular changes and cardiovascular risk factors in obese children after a six-month exercise program. Evaluation of mobile phone and Internet intervention on waist circumference and blood pressure in post-menopausal women with abdominal obesity Exercise training ameliorates the effects of rosiglitazone on traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Effects of an aerobic activity program on the cholesterol levels of adolescents. Can the exercise mode determine lipid profile improvements in obese patients? Coaching patients with coronary heart disease to achieve the target cholesterol: a method to bridge the gap between evidence-based medicine and the "real world"--randomized controlled trial.
PURPOSE To study the effect of exercise volume on pre- and early-pubertal children 's lipid-lipoprotein profile .  METHODS Thirty-four children ( 15 girls ) completed 12 wk of exercise training , preceded by a 12-wk control period . Sixteen ( 7 girls and 9 boys ) expended an additional 422 + /- 5 kJ.kg BM ( LOW , 100 kcal.kg ) , whereas 18 ( 8 girls and 10 boys ) expended an additional 586 + /- 7 kJ.g ( MOD , 140 kcal.kg ) as a result of the training program . They all exercised on three nonconsecutive days per week at 80 + /- 1 % HRpeak . Exercise duration was individualized to match energy expenditure targets . Plasma TG , TC , and HDL-C were measured precontrol , pretraining , and posttraining . LDL-C , TC/HDL-C , and LDL-C/HDL-C were also calculated . RESULTS Group mean lipid-lipoprotein concentrations did not change as a result of training energy expenditure in either of the groups ( P > 0.05 ) . Dietary composition , habitual physical activity , and body composition were also relatively stable over the intervention period ( P > 0.05 ) . In the LOW , but not the MOD group , peak VO2 ( mL.kg.min ) tended to increase over the intervention period ( P = 0.07 ) . Pearson 's product moment correlation analyses indicated that pretraining concentrations of TG , TC , LDL-C , TC/HDL-C , and LDL-C/HDL-C were all related to the small changes seen in the lipid-lipoprotein profile ( P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION Additional energy expenditure of 422 or 586 kJ.kg , as a direct result of aerobic exercise training over a 12-wk period , did not cause significant alterations in the lipid-lipoprotein profile  in pre- and early-pubertal children . This may indicate that the exercise volume was insufficient , the lipoprotein profiles of the majority of children in this study were classified as " desirable , " or more likely a combination of these factors OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the risk profile of coronary heart disease ( CHD ) is more favorable in physically active men with tetraplegia compared with sedentary men with tetraplegia . DESIGN Using a cross-sectional design , the lipid and (apo)lipoprotein concentrations of 11 active and 13 sedentary men with tetraplegia were compared . Regression analysis was applied to investigate the influence of subject characteristics and behavioral factors on the risk profile of CHD . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Total plasma cholesterol ( TC ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , triglycerides , apolipoprotein-A1 ( ApoA1 ) , and apolipoprotein-B ( ApoB ) concentrations were determined . Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) and the ratios TC/HDL-C , LDL-C/HDL-C , ApoA1/ApoB , and HDL-C/ApoA1 were calculated . RESULTS A significantly higher HDL-C and ApoA1/ApoB and lower TC/HDL-C were found in the active group . Age and body mass index were important determinants of the lipids and (apo)lipoproteins .  Sport activity was the only significant determinant of HDL-C. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest a positive influence of sport activity on HDL-C in men with tetraplegia , which may reduce the risk of CHD OBJECTIVES Observational studies have reported an association among physical activity , fitness and lipid profile in youth . The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of a school-based intervention focused on increasing the number and intensity of Physical Education ( PE ) sessions a week , on adolescents ' lipid profile .  METHODS A 4-month group-r and omized controlled trial was conducted in 67 adolescents ( 12 - 14 years-old ) from South-East Spain , 2007 . Three school classes were r and omly allocated into control group ( CG ) , experimental group-1 ( EG1 ) and experimental group-2 ( EG2 ) . The CG received the usual PE in Spain ( 2 sessions/week ) , the EG1 received 4 PE sessions/week , and the EG2 received 4 PE sessions/week of high intensity . The main study outcomes were fasting levels of total cholesterol , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDLc ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDLc ) and triglycerides . All the analyses were adjusted for sex , sexual maturation , attendance and baseline value of the outcome studied . RESULTS The intervention did not positively affect cardio-metabolic parameters except for LDLc , that was marginally yet significantly reduced in EG2 ( -10.4 mg/dl ) , compared with the CG ( + 4.1 mg/dl ) ( p = 0.04 ) ; no differences were observed however for the LDLc/HDLc ratio . No significant effects were observed in EG1 . DISCUSSION Overall , a 4-month school-based physical activity intervention did not substantially influence  lipid profile in adolescents . However , the results suggest that increasing both frequency and intensity of PE  sessions had a modest effect on LDLc in youth . Future studies involving larger sample sizes and longer interventions should focus on the separate effects of volume and intensity of PE INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that physical training ( PT ) , especially high-intensity PT , would have a favorable effect on components of the insulin resistance syndrome ( IRS ) in obese adolescents . METHODS Obese 13- to 16-yr-olds ( N = 80 ) were r and omly assigned to one of the following 8-month interventions ; 1 ) lifestyle education (LSE)-alone every 2 wk , 2 ) LSE+moderate-intensity PT , and 3 ) LSE+high-intensity PT . PT was offered 5 d x wk(-1 ) . Plasma triacylglycerol ( TAG ) , total cholesterol ( TC ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDLC ) , very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( VLDLC ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDLC ) , low-density lipoprotein ( low density lipoprotein ( LDL ) ) particle size , apolipoproteins AI and B , glucose , insulin , and blood pressure were measured with st and ardized methods . RESULTS The intent-to-treat analyses for all subjects who completed pre- and post-tests regardless of their adherence to the interventions showed that the LSE+high-intensity PT group had more favorable changes than the LSE-alone group in TAG level ( P = 0.012 ) , TC/HDLC ( P = 0.013 ) , and diastolic blood pressure ( P = 0.031 ) . For efficacy analyses , all PT subjects who attended at least 2 d x wk(-1 ) ( 40 % ) were combined into one group ( LSE+PT ) and compared with the LSE-alone group . These two-group analyses showed significant interactions ( P < 0.001 ) between baseline values and group membership for deltaTAG , deltaVLDLC , and deltaTC/HDLC , such that subjects who had the least favorable baseline values showed the most beneficial impact of the PT . Of particular interest was a favorable effect of the PT on LDL particle size . CONCLUSION PT , especially high-intensity PT , had a favorable effect on several IRS markers in obese adolescents BACKGROUND : The Freiburg Intervention Trial for Obese Children ( FITOC ) is an interdisciplinary , outpatient program for obese children consisting of regular physical exercise and comprehensive dietary and behavioral education . Parental involvement is required . The study is design ed as a longitudinal , nonr and omized clinical observation study . An 8-month intensive phase preceded a follow-up phase of 1 y or longer . METHODS : Data were collected from 31 groups comprising 496 children ( 267 girls , 229 boys ) , with an average age of 10.5 y.  Body height and weight , fasting total-cholesterol ( CH ) , low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( HDL-C ) and physical performance were measured initially and after 8.5 months . A group of n=35 obese children ( 16 girls , 19 boys ) who did not take part in this intervention program  served as controls . RESULTS : After the intensive intervention phase , body mass index ( BMI , kg/m2 ) as well as BMI deviation scores ( BMI -SDS ) decreased in both sexes ( P<0.001 ) . In the controls , BMI increased ( P<0.001 ) and BMI -SDS remained constant . Whereas CH was only significantly lower ( P<0.01 ) in boys after 8.5 months , LDL-C decreased significantly in both sexes . HDL-C tended to increase in both sexes ( not significant ) . The controls showed no significant changes in CH , LDL-C and HDL-C. The fitness levels ( W/kg body weight ) improved in the intervention group ( P<0.001 ) , but not in the control group . CONCLUSIONS : The results indicate that obese children can be successfully treated in such an intervention program . BMI -SDS and risk factors decreased and physical performance improved . To maintain therapeutical success , we highly recommended that these children enroll in community-based exercise programs in order to help them maintain a more active lifestyle after the follow-up phase OBJECTIVE To examine the relationships among indicators of physical activity , physical fitness , and body composition with serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in young children . DESIGN Cross-sectional and 1-year prospect i ve cohort . SETTING Studies of Child Activity and Nutrition ( SCAN ) program , Galveston , Tex . SUBJECTS One hundred twenty-three 4- or 5-year-old black , Hispanic ( of Mexican origin ) , and white children . MEASUREMENTS Body composition , resting heart rate , and cardiovascular fitness variables and serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured at age 3 or 4 years ( study year 1 ) and at age 4 or 5 years ( study year 2 ) , and day-long heart rate was measured and the Children 's Activity Rating Scale was administered between study years 1 and 2 . RESULTS Year-1 waist/hip ratios were inversely correlated with total serum cholesterol ( TSC ) and low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) levels . Mean activity level was inversely correlated with waist/hip ratios . On the basis of multiple regression analysis , the sum of seven skin-fold measurements , height , and gender explained 15.4 % of the variation in triglyceride levels . The sum of seven skin-fold measurements was inversely correlated with the high-density lipoprotein ( HDL ) level . Resting heart rate , waist/hip ratio , and the slope of the exercise heart rate during fitness testing explained 19.5 % of the variation in the concentration of an HDL subclass , HDL2 . These children 's levels of physical activity were associated with higher fitness levels . Year-1 waist/hip ratios and year-2 sum of seven skin-fold measurements were positively correlated with the LDL/HDL and TSC/HDL ratios . CONCLUSION Higher levels of cardiovascular fitness and lower levels of fatness were associated with more favorable serum lipid and lipoprotein levels in these young children .  Physical activity appeared to have an indirect association with serum lipid and lipoprotein values through its relationship with higher fitness levels and lower levels of fatness AIM Increasing prevalence of obesity and related diseases especially in children and adolescent has gained more scientific attention . The present study was conducted to determine the effects of regular exercise on childhood obesity often associated with clinical conditions such as hypertension , dyslipidemia and diabetes already at a young age . METHODS The subjects were 40 obese children at 11 ± 1 years and with Body Mass Index ( BMI ) of at least 30 kg/m2 who volunteered to the study and r and omly classified into exercising and non-exercising control group . Physical load of the exercising group was first determined by the Karvonen protocol after which to the subjects underwent a 12-week aerobic exercise training program primary consisting of walking and jogging exercise . Blood pressure , biochemical cardiovascular risk factors and body composition were assessed before and after the exercise-training period and compared to the non-exercising control group . RESULTS In the exercising group , statistically significant changes were observed in the circumference of forearm , elbow , calf , knee , waist , chest and hip , as well as skin fold thickness of chest , subscapulae , calf , abdomen , suprailiac and leg . Similarly , total cholesterol , triglyceride , LDL , VLDL and insulin levels were found to be lower and HDL levels higher than in the non-exercising control group . CONCLUSION While treating obesity in children , a major emphasis should be directed towards increasing regular physical activity and supported with dietary interventions . By this approach the risk of other chronic diseases often associated with obesity could be minimized thereby improving the quality of life OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of two exercise programs of 8 months duration on lipid profiles in older women . METHODS In 2006 , 77 women from Porto , Portugal , aged 60 - 79 years were r and omly assigned into a multicomponent exercise ( ME ) program or resistance exercise ( RE ) program . Before- and after-training , body composition , daily physical activity ( DPA ) , aerobic endurance , plasma concentrations of total cholesterol ( TC ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) and triglycerides ( TG ) were assessed . Training was performed twice weekly . The protocol for the ME included aerobic exercise , muscular endurance exercises and activities targeted to improve balance and flexibility . The RE protocol included leg press , leg extensions and curls , double chest raises , lateral raises , overhead press and abdominal exercises . RESULTS Significant decreases in TG ( -5.1 % , p=0.006 ) , and significant increases in HDL-C ( 9.3 % , p<0.001 ) were observed in the ME group . Following 8 months no significant changes were observed on lipid profile in RE group , although lipid- and lipoprotein-related variables tended to alter favorably . Both regimens result ed in significant improvements on 6-min walk test ( 6.4 % , p=0.001 for ME ; and 6.0 % , p=0.044 for RE ) . No significant changes were observed in total DPA and body fat in either group after exercise interventions . No significant correlations were found between body composition , physical activity , aerobic endurance , and lipid profile . CONCLUSIONS The data suggested that 8 months of ME may be more effective than RE for inducing favorable changes in plasma lipoprotein and lipid profiles Aims : To evaluate effects of a low energy diet , with or without strength training , on blood lipid profile in obese children . Methods : Eighty two obese children were enrolled into a six week dietary programme , and were r and omly allocated to a training group or a non-training group . The training group underwent regular exercise sessions with emphasis on strength training . Results : Height increased significantly , with a non-significant reduction in body mass index . Fat free mass increased significantly in the training group . Serum total cholesterol was significantly reduced in both groups . The LDL : HDL ratio significantly decreased in the training group . Conclusion : Results support the potentially beneficial effects of both diet and physical training . Further and longer term evaluation of such programmes is required BACKGROUND Childhood obesity has become a growing public health issue in Taiwan . Obese children have risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease . In this prospect i ve study , we investigated the effect of a twelve-week heart health education and physical activity program on body weight and risk factors for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease . METHODS Subjects were 120 obese fifth grade rs ( 65 boys and 55 girls , aged 10 - 13 years ( mean 10.6 yrs ) , body mass index ( BMI ) at the 95th percentile or more ) and were r and omly assigned to an intervention group ( n=60 ) or control group ( n=60 ) . The intervention group received a twelve-week heart health education and physical activity program , while the control group did not . In both groups , a series of examinations were done at baseline and post-test , including height , weight , BMI , body fat , blood pressure ( BP ) , physical fitness ( 800-meter running test ) , heart health knowledge , and serum biochemistry . Differences for baseline and post-test data were compared between both groups . RESULTS Mean changes in the intervention group versus control group were significant for weight ( P = 0.024 ) , BMI ( P = 0.047 ) , percentage body fat ( P = 0.008 ) , physical fitness ( 800-meter running test ) ( P = 0.025 ) , heart health knowledge ( P = 0.006 ) , total cholesterol ( P = 0.027 ) , triglycerides ( P = 0.018 ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) ( P = 0.009 ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) ( P = 0.041 ) , sugar ( P = 0.035 ) , insulin ( P = 0.007 ) , and insulin resistance ( HOMA-IR ) ( P = 0.028 ) . At post-test , weight , BMI , body fat , total cholesterol , triglycerides , LDL-C , sugar , insulin and HOMA-IR had decreased , but HDL-C had increased in the intervention group . CONCLUSIONS A classroom-based weight-control intervention provides educational programs to promote cardiovascular health in children . This intervention is simple , practical , and beneficial for elementary school children BACKGROUND Ultralow-fat diets are known to reduce high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) levels . In the setting of a multicomponent lifestyle intervention program , relationships between exercise variables and HDL-C levels were examined to determine whether exercise moderates this dietary effect on serum lipids and apolipoproteins . METHODS We performed a 3-month , prospect i ve , nonr and omized  lifestyle intervention study ( < or = 10 % dietary fat ; aerobic exercise [ 180 min/wk ] , group support , and yoga [ 60 min/day ] ) in 120 subjects with or at risk for coronary artery disease . RESULTS After 3 months , dietary fat intake was reduced to 8.7 % + /- 2.6 % of total intake and the median weekly exercise time was 194 minutes . High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased by 8.3 + /- 11.3 mg/dL ( P < .001 ) , and triglyceride levels increased by 17.6 + /- 102.7 mg/dL ( P = .026 ) . A small dense low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) phenotype emerged indicated by a 13.8 % LDL-C reduction accompanied by only a 2.3 % reduction in apolipoprotein B levels ( P = .064 ) . Among subjects with exercise amounts less than those of the group median , HDL-C reductions were greater in those with more than ( -13.5 + /- 16.0 mg/dL ) versus less than ( -2.5 + /- 7.5 mg/dL ) the median reductions in fat intake ( P = .026 ) . Even among subjects who exercised > 194 min/wk , HDL-C was reduced compared with baseline ( -7.4 + /- 7.9 mg/dL , P < .001 ) . CONCLUSIONS An ultralow-fat diet as a component of a comprehensive lifestyle intervention induces reductions in HDL-C and the emergence of a dyslipidemic lipid profile .  Aerobic exercise only partially mitigates this effect OBJECTIVES The present study aim ed to assess the effect of a 6-month exercise program  in obese children on flow-mediated vasodilation ( FMD ) carotid intima-media thickness ( IMT ) and cardiovascular risk factors ( RF ) . BACKGROUND Childhood obesity contributes to adult obesity and subsequent cardiovascular disease . Physical inactivity is a major RF for obesity , endothelial dysfunction , and elevated carotid IMT , culminating in early atherosclerotic disease . METHODS Sixty-seven obese subjects ( age 14.7 + /- 2.2 years ) were r and omly assigned to 6 months ' exercise or non-exercise protocol . We examined the influence of exercises ( 1 h , 3 times/week ) on FMD , IMT , and cardiovascular risk profile . RESULTS Compared with lean control subjects , obese children demonstrated at baseline significantly impaired FMD ( 4.09 + /- 1.76 % vs. 10.65 + /- 1.95 % , p < 0.001 ) , increased IMT ( 0.48 + /- 0.08 mm vs. 0.37 + /- 0.05 mm , p < 0.001 ) , and a number of obesity-related cardiovascular RF . Significant improvements were observed in the exercise group for IMT ( 0.44 + /- 0.08 mm , p = 0.012 , -6.3 % ) and FMD ( 7.71 + /- 2.53 % , p < 0.001 , + 127 % ) . This improvement correlated with reduced RF , such as body mass index st and ard deviation scores , body fat mass , waist/hip ratio , ambulatory systolic blood pressure , fasting insulin , triglycerides , low-density lipoprotein/high-density lipoprotein ratio , and low-degree inflammation ( C-reactive protein , fibrinogen ) . CONCLUSIONS The present study documented increased IMT , impaired endothelial function , and various elevated cardiovascular RF in young obese subjects . Regular exercise over 6 months restores endothelial function and improves carotid IMT associated with an improved cardiovascular risk profile in obese children PURPOSE The present study evaluated whether an intervention using a short message service ( SMS ) by personal cellular phone and Internet would reduce cardiovascular risk factors in post-menopausal women with abdominal obesity over 12 weeks . METHODS This is a quasi-experimental design with pre and post tests . Participants were recruited from the gynecology outpatient and family medicine departments of a tertiary care hospital located in an urban city of South Korea . Only 67 subjects completed the entire study , 34 in the intervention group and 33 controls . The goal of intervention was to reduce waist circumference ( WC ) , body weight ( BW ) and blood pressure ( BP ) levels . Before the intervention , demographic variables , WC , BW , BP , fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) and serum lipids were measured as pre-test data . The WC , BW , BP , FPG and serum lipids were measured again 12 weeks later . Patients in the intervention group were requested to record their WC , BW , BP , type and amount of diet and exercise  in a weekly web-based diary through the Internet or by cellular phone . The research ers sent weekly recommendations on diet and exercise as an intervention to each patient , by both cellular phone and Internet . The intervention was applied for 12 weeks . RESULTS WC and BW significantly decreased by 3.0 cm and 2.0 kg , respectively , at 12 weeks compared with the baseline in the intervention group . However , the mean changes in the control group significantly increased by 0.9 cm and 0.7 kg . Systolic BP ( SBP ) and diastolic BP ( DBP ) significantly decreased by 6.5 and 4.6 mmHg in the intervention group , respectively . The mean changes in the control group were not significant in either SBP or DBP . A significant mean decrease in total cholesterol ( TC ) was observed for the intervention group by 12.9 mg/dl , while the control group showed a significant mean increase by 1.5mg/dl . Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol ( LDL-C ) for the intervention group showed a significant mean decrease 11.3mg/dl . The mean change in the control group was , however , not significant . CONCLUSION Web-based individual intervention using both SMS and Internet improved WC , BW , BP , TC , and LDL-C during 12 weeks in post-menopausal women with abdominal obesity The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of rosiglitazone and /or exercise training on novel cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus . One hundred overweight/obese type 2 diabetes mellitus patients , with inadequate glycemic control ( hemoglobin A(1c ) > 7 % ) despite combined treatment with gliclazide plus metformin  , were r and omized using a 2 x 2 factorial design to 4 equivalent ( n = 25 ) groups , as follows : ( 1 ) CO : maintenance of habitual activities , ( 2 ) RSG : add-on therapy with rosiglitazone ( 8 mg/d ) , ( 3 ) EX : adjunctive exercise training , and ( 4 ) RSG + EX : supplementary administration of rosiglitazone ( 8 mg/d ) plus exercise training .  No participant had diabetic vascular complications or was receiving lipid-lowering therapy .  Anthropometric parameters , cardiorespiratory capacity , glycemic and lipid profile , apolipoprotein ( apo ) A-I , apo B , interleukin (IL)-10 , IL-18 , insulin resistance , and blood pressure were measured before and after 12 months of intervention ( P < .05 ) . Both RSG and EX groups significantly reduced glycemic indexes , insulin resistance , blood pressure , and IL-18 , whereas they significantly increased high-density lipoprotein , cardiorespiratory capacity , and IL-10 , compared with CO group ( P < .05 ) . Besides this , exercise-treated patients conferred a remarkable down-regulation in the rest of lipid parameters ( total cholesterol , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol , triglycerides , apo B ) and body fat content ( P < .05 ) in comparison with CO group . On the other h and , RSG group rather than CO group considerably increased apo A-I levels and body mass index ( P < .05 ) . Notably , the combined treatment group yielded pronounced beneficial changes in glycemic indexes , lipid profile , insulin resistance , blood pressure , IL-10 , IL-18 , apo A-I , and apo B ( vs CO group , P < .05 ) . Furthermore , the addition of exercise to rosiglitazone treatment counteracted the drug-related negative effects on body weight , low-density lipoprotein , and total cholesterol .  Rosiglitazone plus exercise training elicited additive effects on body composition , glycemic control , and traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients , indicating complementary effects The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 15-week aerobic activity program on the  total cholesterol ( TC ) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) levels of 25 high school students , ages 14 - 17 years ( experimental group = 14 , control group = 11 ) . Participants in the activity program exercised 4 days per week in a specially design ed physical education class , while the control group participated in the regular physical education program . Results of the analysis of covariance found significant reductions in TC in the training group ( control group Adj M = 190.2 mg/dl , experimental group Adj M = 173.1 mg/dl , p < .05 ) , but no significant changes in HDL-C ( control group Adj M = 49.8 mg/dl , experimental group Adj M = 50 mg/dl ) . While the exercise program appeared to have a beneficial effect on TC in 12 of 14 participants ( 86 % ) , HDL-C also dropped in 12 of 14 participants ( 86 % ) INTRODUCTION Unfavorable lipid profile is associated with developed cardiovascular diseases . It is necessary to know the beneficial effects of different mode exercises to improve lipid profile . OBJECTIVE To investigate , in obese men and women , the effect on lipid profile of hypocaloric diet combined with structured exercise programs or recommendations of physical activity . METHODS Ninety six obese subjects ( 59 women and 61 men ; 18 - 50 years ; BMI > 30 and < 34.9 kg/m(2 ) ) were r and omised into four supervised treatment groups : strength training ( S ; n = 24 ) , endurance training ( E ; n = 26 ) , combined S + E ( SE ; n = 24 ) , and and received recommendations of physical activity ( PA ; n = 22 ) . Energy intake , body composition , training variables ( VO(2peak ) , strength index , dynamometric strength index ) and blood lipid profile were recorded at baseline and after 24 weeks of treatment . RESULTS Blood lipid profile improved in all groups . No statistically significant differences in baseline and posttraining values were observed between groups . HDLCholesterol showed no changes . A decrease in LDLCholesterol values was observed in all groups after the intervention ( S : 11.2 % , E : 10.8 % , SE : 7.9 % , PA : 10.8 % ; p < 0.01 ) . S , E and PA subjects showed decrease in triglycerides ( S : 14.9 % , E : 15.8 % , PA : 15.7 % ; p < 0.01 ) . Total cholesterol decreased in all groups ( S : 8.4 % , p < 0.01 ; E : 8.8 % , p < 0.01 ; SE : 4.9 % , p < 0.01 ; PA : 8.3 % , p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION All protocol s proposed in our study improved blood lipid profile  in obese people . There were no significant differences about the effect on the lipid profile between the implementation of a structured training protocol with physical activity professional supervision and follow recommendations of physical activity Community studies have demonstrated suboptimal achievement of lipid targets in the management of patients with coronary heart disease ( CHD ) . An effective strategy is required for the application of evidence -based prevention therapy for CHD . The objective of this study was to test coaching as a technique to assist patients in achieving the target cholesterol level of < 4.5 mmol/L. Patients with established CHD ( n = 245 ) underwent a stratified r and omization by cardiac procedure ( coronary artery bypass graft surgery or percutaneous coronary intervention ) to receive either the coaching intervention ( n = 121 ) or usual medical care ( n = 124 ) . The primary outcome measure was fasting serum total cholesterol ( TC ) , serum triglyceride ( TG ) , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , and calculated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) level , measured at 6 months post-r and omization . At 6 months , the serum TC and LDL-C levels were significantly lower in the coaching intervention group ( n = 107 ) than the usual care group ( n = 112 ) : mean TC ( 95%CI ) 5.00 ( 4.82 - 5.17 ) mmol/L versus 5.54 ( 5.36 - 5.72 ) mmol/L ( P < .0001 ) ; mean LDL-C ( 95%CI ) 3.11 ( 2.94 - 3.29 ) mmol/L versus 3.57 ( 3.39 - 3.75 ) mmol/L ( P < .0004 ) , respectively . Coaching had no impact on TG or on HDL-C levels . Multivariate analysis showed that being coached ( P < .001 ) had an effect of equal magnitude to being prescribed lipid-lowering drug therapy ( P < .001 ) . The effectiveness of the coaching intervention is best explained by both adherence to drug therapy and to dietary advice given . Coaching may be an appropriate method to reduce the treatment gap in applying evidence -based medicine to the " real world .
The programs based on aerobic exercise ( 60 min , 3 times/week , ≤75 % maximum heart rate ) improve the LDL-C and TG concentrations .
Moreover , the programs based on combined exercise ( ≥60 min , > 75 % maximum heart rate ) also improve the HDL-C concentration
OBJECTIVE The objective of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of different physical exercise interventions on the lipid profile ( high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , total cholesterol ( TC ) , and triglycerides ( TG ) ) of obese children .