Efficacy of an orlistat-resveratrol combination for weight loss in subjects with obesity: A randomized controlled trial. Resveratrol as Add-on Therapy in Subjects With Well-Controlled Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial Acute resveratrol supplementation improves flow-mediated dilatation in overweight/obese individuals with mildly elevated blood pressure. Trans-Resveratrol Supplementation and Endothelial Function during the Fasting and Postprandial Phase: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial in Overweight and Slightly Obese Participants Effects of resveratrol supplementation on liver fat content in overweight and insulin‐resistant subjects: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial Evaluation of a commercial web-based weight loss and weight loss maintenance program in overweight and obese adults: a randomized controlled trial Chronic resveratrol consumption improves brachial flow-mediated dilatation in healthy obese adults The effects of resveratrol on markers of oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial Influence of dietary resveratrol on early and late molecular markers of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis. Trans-Resveratrol Alters Mammary Promoter Hypermethylation in Women at Increased Risk for Breast Cancer One-year supplementation with a grape extract containing resveratrol modulates inflammatory-related microRNAs and cytokines expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of type 2 diabetes and hypertensive patients with coronary artery disease. Effect of resveratrol on exercise capacity: a randomized placebo-controlled crossover pilot study. Resveratrol shows neuronal and vascular-protective effects in older, obese, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Weight Management Interventions in Adult and Pediatric Asthma Populations: A Systematic Review. Resveratrol attenuates the inflammatory reaction induced by ischemia/reperfusion in the rat heart. Changes in body weight and food choice in those attempting smoking cessation: a cluster randomised controlled trial Effects of resveratrol in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus on skeletal muscle SIRT1 expression and energy expenditure.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of an orlistat-resveratrol ( O-R ) combination in subjects with obesity over a 6-month period . METHODS This study was a double-blind , parallel , r and omized controlled clinical trial . Patients fulfilling the selection criteria ( age from 20 to 60 years and body mass index ( BMI ) ≥30 and ≤39.9 kg/m(2 ) ) consumed an energy-reduced diet with 500 fewer calories than their usual diet for 2 weeks . Then the participants were r and omly assigned to four groups , placebo , resveratrol , orlistat , or O-R , and they consumed the energy-reduced diet for 6 months . The study consisted of seven visits . During each visit , a 24-h recall was performed , along with measurements of anthropometric and serum biochemical parameters . RESULTS A total of 161 participants were selected . Of these , 84 participants completed the study . A significant weight loss of -6.82 kg ( 95 % CI -8.37 to -5.26 ) was observed in the O-R group compared with -3.50 kg ( -5.05 to -1.95 , P = 0.021 ) in the placebo group . In contrast , the -6.02 kg ( -7.68 to -4.36 ) orlistat and -4.68 kg ( -6.64 to -2.71 ) resveratrol monotherapy losses did not significantly differ from the placebo . Significant decreases in BMI , waist circumference , fat mass , triglycerides , leptin , and leptin/adiponectin ratio were observed with the O-R combination . CONCLUSIONS The O-R combination was the most effective weight loss treatment OBJECTIVE To determine whether resveratrol supplementation can improve insulin sensitivity and promote overall metabolic health on top of st and ard diabetes care . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Seventeen subjects with well-controlled type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) were treated with placebo and 150 mg/day resveratrol ( resVida ) in a r and omized double-blind crossover study for 30 days . The main outcome measure was insulin sensitivity by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique . RESULTS Hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity were not affected by resveratrol treatment . Intrahepatic lipid content also remained unaffected by resveratrol ; however , the change in intrahepatic lipid content correlated negatively with plasma resveratrol levels ( R = −0.68 , P = 0.03 ) . Intramyocellular lipid content increased in type 2 muscle fibers ( P = 0.03 ) , and systolic blood pressure tended to decrease ( P = 0.09 ) upon resveratrol treatment . In addition , resveratrol significantly improved ex vivo mitochondrial function ( state 3 and state U respiration upon malate with octanoyl-carnitine , P < 0.005 ) . Intriguingly , a correlation was found between plasma levels of a metabolite of resveratrol  ( dihydroresveratrol ) and the metformin dose used by the patients ( R = 0.66 , P = 0.005 ) , suggesting an interaction between metformin and resveratrol . It could be speculated that the lack of a  resveratrol-induced insulin-sensitizing effect is caused by this interaction . CONCLUSIONS Resveratrol supplementation does not improve hepatic or peripheral insulin sensitivity . Our results question the generalized value of resveratrol as an add-on therapy in the treatment of T2D and emphasize the need to perform studies in drug-naive patients with T2D or subjects with prediabetes BACKGROUND AND AIMS Flow-mediated dilatation of the brachial artery ( FMD ) is a biomarker of endothelial function and cardiovascular health . Impaired FMD is associated with several cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension and obesity . Various food ingredients such as polyphenols have been shown to improve FMD . We investigated whether consuming resveratrol , a polyphenol found in red wine , can enhance FMD acutely and whether there is a dose-response relationship for this effect . METHODS AND RESULTS 19 overweight/obese ( BMI 25 - 35 kg m(-2 ) ) men or post-menopausal women with untreated borderline hypertension ( systolic BP : 130 - 160 mmHg or diastolic BP : 85 - 100 mmHg ) consumed three doses of resveratrol ( resVida ™ 30 , 90 and 270 mg ) and a placebo at weekly intervals in a double-blind , r and omized crossover comparison . One hour after consumption of the supplement , plasma resveratrol and FMD were measured . Data were analyzed by linear regression versus log(10 ) dose of resveratrol . 14 men and 5 women ( age 55 ± 2 years , BMI 28.7 ± 0.5 kg m(-2 ) , BP 141 ± 2/89 ± 1 mmHg ) completed this study . There was a significant dose effect of resveratrol  on plasma resveratrol concentration ( P < 0.001 ) and on FMD ( P < 0.01 ) , which increased from 4.1 ± 0.8 % ( placebo ) to 7.7 ± 1.5 % after 270 mg resveratrol . FMD was also linearly related to log(10 ) plasma resveratrol concentration ( P < 0.01 ) . CONCLUSION Acute resveratrol consumption increased plasma resveratrol concentrations and FMD in a dose-related manner . This effect may contribute to the purported cardiovascular health benefits of grapes and red wine Studies on the effects of the long-term intake of trans-resveratrol on vascular function are conflicting . In addition , postpr and ial effects of long-term trans-resveratrol intake on endothelial function are not known . We therefore supplemented 45 overweight and slightly obese volunteers ( 25 men and 20 women ) with a mean ( ±SD ) age of 61 ± 7 years and body mass index of 28.3 ± 3.2 kg/m2 in r and om  order trans-resveratrol ( 2 × 75 mg/day ) or placebo capsules for 4 weeks , separated by a washout period of at least 4 weeks . At the end of each intervention period , brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation ( FMD ) was measured before and after meal consumption . Plasma biomarkers for endothelial function , inflammation , and glucose and lipid metabolism were also determined . Compared with the placebo , trans-resveratrol did not affect fasting FMD ( 2.9 ± 1.4 % vs. 3.0 ± 1.9 % ; p = 0.69 ) . After the postpr and ial test , changes in FMD ( −0.7 ± 2.3 % vs. 0.2 ± 2.6 % ; p = 0.13 ) were also not significantly different . Postpr and ial changes in biomarkers were also comparable . In conclusion , for overweight and slightly obese volunteers , a daily intake of 150 mg of trans-resveratrol for 4 weeks does not change plasma biomarkers of endothelial function or inflammation in the fasting state or postpr and ial phase We performed the largest r and omized , placebo‐controlled clinical trial to date ( N = 112 , 12‐week intervention ) to investigate the effects and safety of resveratrol supplementation on liver fat content and cardiometabolic risk parameters in overweight and obese and insulin‐resistant subjects . At baseline the variability in liver fat content was very large , ranging from 0.09 % to 37.55 % ( median , 7.12 % ; interquartile range , 3.85%‐12.94 % ) . Mean ( SD ) liver fat content was 9.22 ( 6.85 ) % in the placebo group and 9.91 ( 7.76 ) % in the resveratrol group . During the study liver fat content decreased in the placebo group ( −0.7 % ) but not in the resveratrol group ( −0.03 % ) ( differences between groups : P = .018 for the intention‐to‐treat [ ITT ] population ; N = 54 , resveratrol , N = 54 , placebo and P = .0077 for the per protocol [ PP ] population ) . No effects  of resveratrol supplementation on cardiometabolic risk parameters were observed . Resveratrol supplementation was well tolerated and safe Background Obesity rates in adults continue to rise and effective treatment programs with a broad reach are urgently required . This paper describes the study protocol for a web-based r and omized controlled trial ( RCT ) of a commercially available program for overweight and obese adult males and females . The aim of this RCT was to determine and compare the efficacy of two web-based interventions for weight loss and maintenance of lost weight . Methods / Design Overweight and obese adult males and females were stratified by gender and BMI and r and omly assigned to one of three groups for 12-weeks : waitlist control , or basic or enhanced online weight-loss . Control participants were re-r and omized to the two weight loss groups at the end of the 12-week period . The basic and enhanced group participants had an option to continue or repeat the 12-week program . If the weight loss goal was achieved at the end of 12 , otherwise on completion of 24 weeks of weight loss , participants were re-r and omized to one of two online maintenance programs ( maintenance basic or maintenance enhanced ) , until 18 months from commencing the weight loss program . Assessment s took place at baseline , three , six , and 18 months after commencing the initial weight loss intervention with control participants repeating the initial assessment after three month of waiting . The primary outcome is body mass index ( BMI ) . Other outcomes include weight , waist circumference , blood pressure , plasma markers of cardiovascular disease risk , dietary intake , eating behaviours , physical activity and quality of life . Both the weight loss and maintenance of lost weight programs were based on social cognitive theory with participants advised to set goals , self-monitor weight , dietary intake and physical activity levels . The enhanced weight loss and maintenance programs provided additional personalized , system-generated feedback on progress and use of the program . Details of the method ological aspects of recruitment , inclusion criteria , r and omization , intervention programs , assessment s and statistical analyses are described . Discussion Importantly , this paper describes how an RCT of a currently available commercial online program in Australia addresses some of the short falls in the current literature pertaining to the efficacy of web-based weight loss programs . Australian New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry ( ANZCTR ) number : Background : We have previously demonstrated acute dose-dependent increases of flow-mediated dilatation ( FMD ) in the brachial artery after resveratrol consumption in mildly hypertensive , overweight/obese adults .  Resveratrol supplementation has also been shown to increase cerebral blood flow acutely , without affecting cognition . Objectives : To evaluate the effects of chronic resveratrol supplementation on both FMD and cognitive performance . Method : Twenty-eight obese but otherwise healthy adults ( BMI : 33.3 ± 0.6 kg/m2 ) were r and omized to take a single 75 mg capsule of trans-resveratrol ( Resvida ) or placebo daily for 6 weeks each in a double-blind crossover supplementation trial . Blood pressure , arterial compliance , FMD , and performance on the Stroop Color-Word Test were assessed at the end of each 6-week intervention period while fasted and at least 18 h after taking the last daily capsule . An additional capsule of the same supplement was then taken . FMD assessment was repeated 1 h later . Results : Chronic resveratrol supplementation for 6 weeks was well tolerated and result ed in a 23 % increase in FMD  compared with placebo ( P = 0.021 , paired t-test ) . The extent of increase correlated negatively with baseline FMD ( r = −0.47 , P = 0.01 ) . A single dose of resveratrol ( 75 mg ) following chronic resveratrol supplementation result ed in a 35 % greater acute FMD response than the equivalent placebo supplementation . These FMD improvements remained significant after adjusting for baseline FMD . Blood pressure , arterial compliance , and all components of the Stroop Color-Word Test were unaffected by chronic resveratrol supplementation . Conclusion : Daily resveratrol consumption was well tolerated and has the potential to maintain healthy circulatory function in obese adults Abstract Aims Oxidative stress plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) . In vitro and animal studies have shown that resveratrol exerts an antioxidant effect , but clinical trials addressing this effect in patients with T2D are limited . The aim of this study was to determine whether resveratrol supplementation affects oxidative stress markers in a r and omized , placebo-controlled , double-blind clinical trial . Methods A total of 48 patients with T2D r and omly were assigned to receive 800 mg/day resveratrol or placebo for 2 months . Plasma total antioxidant capacity , malondialdehyde concentration , protein carbonyl and total thiol contents , intracellular superoxide anion ( O2− · ) and hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2 ) in P BMC s , the expression of genes involved in oxidative stress responses ( Nrf2 , SOD , Cat , HO-1 , RAGE , NOS ) in P BMC s , and metabolic and anthropometric parameters were measured at the baseline and at the trial end . Results Compared with the placebo group , resveratrol reduced plasma protein carbonyl content and P BMC s O2− · level and significantly increased plasma total antioxidant capacity and total thiol content . Furthermore , the expression of Nrf2 and SOD was significantly increased after resveratrol consumption . Resveratrol had no significant effects on the metabolic and anthropometric parameters except for a significant reduction in weight , BMI , and blood pressure levels . Resveratrol was well tolerated , and no serious adverse event was occurred . Conclusions Our study demonstrated that 8 weeks of supplementation with 800 mg/day resveratrol has an antioxidant effect in the blood and P BMC s of patients with T2D . Clinical Trial Registry number and website I RCT registration number : I RCT 2015072523336N1 and http://en . search .i rct .ir/view/24752 OBJECTIVE Colon cancer is an exceptionally aggressive disease , and the use of natural or synthetic substances to prevent or decrease cancer risk without adverse effects remains a major challenge . In this study , the mechanistic basis for the chemopreventive effect of resveratrol ( Res ) on 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced colon carcinogenesis in an rat model was evaluated . METHODS Rats were r and omized into six groups . Group 1 were control rats , group 2 were control rats that received Res ( 8mg/kg of body weight orally every day ) , and rats in groups 3 - 6 were treated once per week with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine ( 20mg/kg of body weight , subcutaenously , 15 times ) . In addition , groups 4 - 6 received Res ( as in group 2 ) in three dietary regimens : initiation , postinitiation , and entire period . All rats were sacrificed after 30 wk and the degree of inflammation , cell proliferation , apoptosis , and mucosal integrity was evaluated . RESULTS Res supplementation during the entire period significantly amended the expression of inflammatory , cell proliferative , and apoptotic biomarkers such as cyclo-oxygenase-2 , ornithine decarboxylase , caspase-3 , and heat shock proteins 70 and 27 . Moreover , supplementing Res for the entire study period modulated the colonic mucosal protein mucin 1 and 2 expression . CONCLUSION The results clearly indicate that chronic Res supplementation inhibited the colon cancer development through modulating the early and late events of carcinogenesis and helped to maintain the colonic mucosal integrity . Thus our study demonstrates that the chemopreventive efficacy of Res could be attributed to its action on multiple direct targets of carcinogenesis Trans-resveratrol , present in high concentration in the skin of red grapes and red wine , has a dose-dependent antiproliferative effect in vitro , prevents the formation of mammary tumors , and has been touted as a chemopreventive agent . Based upon in vitro studies demonstrating that trans-resveratrol downregulates the expression of 1 ) DNA methyltransferases and 2 ) the cancer promoting prostagl and in (PG)E2 , we determined if trans-resveratrol had a dose-related effect on DNA methylation and prostagl and in expression in humans . Thirty-nine adult women at increased breast cancer risk were r and omized in double-blind fashion to placebo , 5 or 50 mg trans-resveratrol twice daily for 12 wk . Methylation assessment of 4 cancer-related genes ( p16 , RASSF-1α , APC , CCND2 ) was performed on mammary ductoscopy specimens . The predominant resveratrol species in serum was the glucuronide metabolite . Total trans-resveratrol and glucuronide metabolite serum levels increased after consuming both trans-resveratrol doses ( P < .001 for both ) . RASSF-1α methylation decreased with increasing levels of serum trans-resveratrol ( P = .047 ) . The change in RASSF-1α methylation was directly related to the change in PGE2 ( P = .045 ) . This work provides novel insights into the effects of trans-resveratrol on the breast of women at increased breast cancer risk , including a decrease in methylation of the tumor suppressor gene RASSF-1α . Because of the limited sample size , our findings should be vali date d in a larger study Numerous studies have shown that resveratrol ( RES ) exerts anti-inflammatory effects but human trials evidencing these effects in vivo are limited . Furthermore , the molecular mechanisms triggered in humans following the oral intake of RES are not yet understood . Therefore , the purpose of this study was to investigate the molecular changes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( P BMC s ) associated to the one-year daily intake of a RES enriched ( 8 mg ) grape extract ( GE-RES ) in hypertensive male patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) . We used microarrays and RT-PCR to analyze expression changes in genes and microRNAs ( miRs ) involved in the inflammatory response modulated by the consumption of GE-RES in comparison to a placebo and GE lacking RES . We also examined the changes in several serobiochemical variables , inflammatory and fibrinolytic markers . Our results showed that supplementation with GE or GE-RES did not affect body weight , blood pressure , glucose , HbA1c or lipids , beyond the values regulated by gold st and ard medication in these patients . We did not find either any significant change on serum inflammatory markers except for a significant reduction of ALP and IL-6 levels . The expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines CCL3 , IL-1β and TNF-α was significantly reduced and that of the transcriptional repressor LRRFIP-1 increased in P BMC s from patients taking the GE-RES extract . Also , a group of miRs involved in the regulation of the inflammatory response : miR-21 , miR-181b , miR-663 , miR-30c2 , miR-155 and miR-34a were found to be highly correlated and altered in the group consuming the GE-RES for 12 months . Our results provide preliminary evidence that long-term supplementation with a grape extract containing RES downregulates the expression of key pro-inflammatory cytokines with the involvement of inflammation-related miRs in circulating immune cells of T2DM hypertensive medicated patients and support a beneficial immunomodulatory effect in these patients To assess the effect on exercise capacity and tolerability of resveratrol , 13 healthy , sedentary adult volunteers were enrolled in a r and omized crossover study comparing resveratrol and placebo over two 4-week periods , with a 2-week time between periods when subjects received no treatment . No significant changes in exercise duration or aerobic capacity ( peak oxygen uptake ) were observed . Gastrointestinal side effects were more common during resveratrol treatment ( 77 % vs. 15 % , p = 0.0048 ) . A small reduction in fasting glucose and small but statistically significant increases in liver enzymes , total cholesterol , and triglycerides were observed , although mean results remained within normal limits . There was no change in complete blood count , inflammatory markers , renal function , or other measures of liver function Diabetes-induced CVD is the most significant complication of prolonged hyperglycaemia . The aim of this study was to determine whether resveratrol , a polyphenol antioxidant compound , when administered at a dose that can be reasonably obtained through supplementation could prevent the development of cardiovascular complications in older , obese , diabetic rats . Diabetes was induced in 6-month old , obese , male Wistar rats via a single intravenous dose of streptozotocin ( 65 mg/kg ) . R and omly selected animals were administered resveratrol ( 2 mg/kg ) via oral gavage daily for 8 weeks . Body weights , blood glucose levels , food intake and water consumption were monitored , and assessment s of vascular reactivity , tactile allodynia and left ventricular function were performed . Resveratrol therapy significantly improved tactile allodynia and vascular contractile functionality in diabetic rats ( P<0·05 ) . There were no significant changes in st and ardised vasorelaxation responses , plasma glucose concentrations , water consumption , body weight , left ventricular hypertrophy , kidney hypertrophy , heart rate or left ventricular compliance with resveratrol administration . Resveratrol-mediated improvements in vascular and nerve function in old , obese , diabetic rats were associated with its reported antioxidant effects . Resveratrol did not improve cardiac function nor mitigate the classic clinical symptoms of diabetes mellitus ( i.e. hyperglycaemia , polydypsia and a failure to thrive ) . This suggests that supplementation with resveratrol at a dose achievable with commercially available supplements would not produce significant cardioprotective effects in people with diabetes mellitus BACKGROUND Ample evidence suggests a dose-response relationship between increasing weight and level of asthma risk or reduced asthma control . To establish reversibility , several r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) have recently been published to investigate the impact of weight management on asthma . This systematic review synthesizes evidence from these RCTs on the effects of weight management ( weight loss , weight maintenance , maintenance of lost weight , or weight gain prevention ) interventions on  asthma outcomes in both adult and pediatric population s. METHODS We search ed Medline , CINAHL , PsychInfo , and Cochrane for studies published between 1950 and November 2014 . Two research ers independently rated the included studies using the quality assessment tool for RCTs as outlined in the 2013 Obesity Treatment Guideline . Discrepancies were resolved by consensus after discussion between the raters and , if needed , with the senior author . RESULTS Four RCTs in adults and 3 in children and adolescents were included . The adult studies seem to consistently support the benefit of substantial weight loss , but a threshold effect may exist such that only weight loss beyond a minimal amount will likely lead to clinical ly important improvement in asthma outcomes . Three of them suggest that the threshold may lie between 5 - 10 % of weight loss . RCTs in youth suggest that modest calorie reductions alone or combined with increased physical activity , or even a healthy normocaloric diet , may lead to improved asthma outcomes . However , most RCTs review ed were limited by small sample size , short intervention duration s , and short follow-up periods . CONCLUSION Trial evidence shows the promise of weight loss interventions for asthma control in adults and youth . More adequately-powered , long-term RCTs are needed to eluci date the role of weight loss and other weight management interventions in asthma control and prevention . Definitive data are needed to guide clinical and public health practice to effectively address the dual epidemic of obesity and asthma The role of resveratrol ( Res ) in inflammation induced by ischemia/reperfusion is not well understood . The aim of the present study was to investigate whether Res modulates neutrophil accumulation and tumor necrosis factor-α ( TNF-α ) induction in an ischemia/reperfusion-injured rat heart model . The rats were r and omly exposed to sham surgery , myocardial ischemia/reperfusion ( MI/R ) alone , MI/R + Res , MI/R + Res + L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester ( L-NAME ) and MI/R + Res + methylene blue ( MB ) . The results demonstrated that compared with MI/R , Res reduced the myocardial infa rct area , myocardial myeloperoxidase levels , serum creatinine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels , and serum and myocardial TNF-α production . All the effects of Res demonstrated were inhibited by L-NAME ( a nitric oxide ( NO ) synthase inhibitor ) and MB [ a cyclic guanosine monophosphate ( cGMP ) inhibitor ] . Thus , Res  produces cardioprotective and anti-inflammatory effects . These effects may be associated with an increase in NO production , the inhibition of neutrophil accumulation , TNF-α induction and cGMP signaling pathways in myocardium subjected to Background Fear of weight gain is a barrier to smoking cessation and significant cause of relapse for many people . The provision of nutritional advice as part of a smoking cessation programme may assist some in smoking cessation and perhaps limit weight gain . The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a structured programme of dietary advice on weight change and food choice , in adults attempting smoking cessation . Methods Cluster r and omised controlled design . Classes r and omised to intervention commenced a 24-week intervention , focussed on improving food choice and minimising weight gain .  Classes r and omised to control received “ usual care ” . Results Twenty-seven classes in Greater Glasgow were r and omised between January and August 2008 . Analysis , including those who continued to smoke , showed that actual weight gain and percentage weight gain was similar in both groups . Examination of data for those successful at giving up smoking showed greater mean weight gain in intervention subjects ( 3.9 ( SD 3.1 ) vs. 2.7 ( SD 3.7 ) kg ) . Between group differences were not significant ( p = 0.23 , 95 % CI −0.9 to 3.5 ) . In comparison to baseline improved consumption of fruit and vegetables and breakfast cereal were reported in the intervention group . A higher percentage of control participants continued smoking ( 74 % vs. 66 % ) . Conclusions The intervention was not successful at minimising weight gain in comparison to control but was successful in facilitating some sustained improvements in the dietary habits of intervention participants . Improved quit rates in the intervention group suggest that continued contact with advisors may have reduced anxieties regarding weight gain and encouraged cessation despite weight gain . Research should continue in this area as evidence suggests that the negative effects of obesity could outweigh the health benefits achieved through reductions in smoking prevalence . Trial registration Current Controlled Trials IS RCT OBJECTIVES The primary aims of the study were to examine the effect of resveratrol on skeletal muscle SIRT1 expression and energy expenditure in subjects with Type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) . BACKGROUND Animal and in vivo studies indicate that resveratrol increases SIRT1 expression that stimulates PGC1α activity . Subsequent upregulation of AMPK and GLUT4 expression are associated with improved insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues . METHODS Ten subjects with T2DM were r and omized in a double-blind fashion to receive 3 g resveratrol or placebo daily for 12 weeks . Secondary outcomes include measures of AMPK , p-AMPK and GLUT4 expression levels , energy expenditure , physical activity levels , distribution of abdominal adipose tissue and skeletal muscle fiber type composition , body weight , HbA1c , plasma lipid subfraction , adiponectin levels , and insulin sensitivity . RESULTS There was a significant increase in both SIRT1 expression ( 2.01 vs. 0.86 arbitrary units [ AU ] , p = .016 ) and p-AMPK to AMPK expression ratio ( 2.04 vs. 0.79 AU , p = .032 ) in the resveratrol group compared with the placebo group . Although the percentage of absolute change ( 8.6 vs. -13.9 % , p = .033 ) and percentage of predicted resting metabolic rate ( RMR ; 7.8 vs. -13.9 % , p = .013 ) were increased following resveratrol , there was a significant reduction in average daily activity ( -38 vs. 43.2 % , p = .028 ) and step counts ( -39.5 vs. 11.8 % , p = .047 ) when compared with placebo . CONCLUSIONS In patients with T2DM , treatment with resveratrol regulates energy expenditure through increased skeletal muscle SIRT1 and AMPK expression . These findings indicate that resveratrol may have beneficial exercise-mimetic effects in patients with T2DM
Overall , the current meta- analysis demonstrated that resveratrol intake significantly reduced weight , BMI , WC and fat mass , and significantly increased lean mass , but did not affect leptin and adiponectin levels
Abstract This systematic review and meta- analysis of r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) was conducted to summarize the effect of resveratrol intake on weight loss .