Accelerometer-measured sedentary time and physical activity-A 15 year follow-up of mortality in a Swedish population-based cohort. Cluster randomized controlled trial of a multilevel physical activity intervention for older adults Postdischarge Light-Intensity Physical Activity Predicts Rehospitalization of Older Japanese Patients With Heart Failure Accelerometer-measured dose-response for physical activity, sedentary time, and mortality in US adults. The effect of mere measurement from a cardiovascular examination program on physical activity and sedentary time in an adult population Effects of message framing on self-report and accelerometer-assessed physical activity across age and gender groups. Effect of Physical Activity versus Health Education on Physical Function, Grip Strength and Mobility Telephone support oriented by accelerometric measurements enhances adherence to physical activity recommendations in noncompliant patients after a cardiac rehabilitation program. Effects of Child Care Intervention on Physical Activity and Body Composition. Objectively measured light and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity is associated with lower depression levels among older US adults Physical activity combined with resistance training reduces symptoms of frailty in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Individuals Underestimate Moderate and Vigorous Intensity Physical Activity Promoting physical activity for elders with compromised function: the lifestyle Interventions and Independence for elders (LIFE) study physical activity intervention Vitamin d and physical activity status: associations with five-year changes in body composition and muscle function in community-dwelling older adults. A comprehensive physical activity promotion programme at elementary school: the effects on physical activity, physical fitness and psychosocial correlates of physical activity. Estimating absolute and relative physical activity intensity across age via accelerometry in adults. Effects of a physical activity intervention on measures of physical performance: Results of the lifestyle interventions and independence for Elders Pilot (LIFE-P) study.
OBJECTIVES To investigate the associations of objective ly assessed sedentary time , light intensity physical activity ( PA ) , moderate to vigorous intensity PA ( MVPA ) , and total PA with all-cause mortality and mortality from cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) or cancer in a Swedish population -based cohort with 15 years follow-up time . DESIGN Longitudinal prospect i ve cohort study . METHODS Data from 851 persons ( 56 % women ) ≥35 years at baseline were included . Primary exposure variables were  time ( min/day ) spent sedentary , in light intensity PA and in MVPA , and total counts from an Actigraph 7164 accelerometer . Data on all-cause mortality and mortality from CVD or cancer were obtained from Swedish registers . Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios ( HR ) of mortality with 95 % confidence intervals ( CI ) . RESULTS Compared with the least sedentary participants , those in the most sedentary tertile had an increased risk of all-cause mortality , HR : 2.7 ( 1.4 , 5.3 ) , CVD mortality , HR : 5.5 ( 1.4 , 21.2 ) and cancer mortality , HR : 4.3 ( 1.2 , 16.0 ) . For all-cause mortality , those in the highest light intensity PA tertile had a HR 0.34 ( 0.17 , 0.67 ) compared with the lowest tertile . A similar pattern was found for CVD and cancer mortality . More time spent in MVPA was associated with the largest risk reduction for CVD mortality , with an almost 90 % lower risk in the tertile with the most time in MVPA . CONCLUSIONS This study confirms a strong inverse relationship between MVPA and mortality , and adds new insight for the underst and ing of the associations between sedentary time  and light intensity PA  and mortality Background Older adults are the least active population group . Interventions in residential setting s may support a multi-level approach to behavior change . Methods In a cluster r and omized control trial , 11 San Diego retirement communities were assigned to a physical activity ( PA ) intervention or a healthy aging attention control condition .  Participants were 307 adults over 65 years old . The multilevel PA intervention was delivered with the assistance of peer leaders , who were trained older adult from the retirement communities . Intervention components included individual counseling & self-monitoring with pedometers , group education sessions , group walks , community advocacy and pedestrian community change projects . Intervention condition by time interactions were tested using generalized mixed effects regressions . The primary outcomes was accelerometer measured physical activity . Secondary outcomes were blood pressure and objective ly measured physical functioning . Results Over 70 % of the sample were 80 years or older .  PA  significantly increased in the intervention condition ( 56 min of moderate-vigorous PA per week ; 119 min of light PA ) compared with the control condition and remained significantly higher across the 12 month study . Men and participants under 84 years old benefited most from the intervention . There was a significant decrease in systolic ( p < .007 ) and diastolic ( p < .02 ) blood pressure at 6 months . Physical functioning improved but the changes were not statistically significant . Conclusions Intervention fidelity was high demonstrating feasibility . Changes in PA and blood pressure achieved were comparable to other studies with much younger participants . Men , in particular , avoided a year-long decline in PA.Trial registration clincialtrials.gov Identifier : NCT01155011 Purpose : Regular physical activity ( PA ) is recommended for patients with heart failure ( HF ) . However , the clinical and social characteristics of older HF patients with low-level PA  and the impact of light-intensity PA on 6-mo postdischarge adverse cardiovascular events are still unclear . Methods : Forty-one older patients who had been admitted because of decompensated HF ( American College of Cardiology [ACC]/American Heart Association [ AHA ] HF classification stage C/D : 76 ± 5 y ) were prospect ively enrolled . Light-intensity ( 1.5 - 2.9 metabolic equivalents [ METs ] ) and moderate-intensity ( ≥3 METs ) PAs were determined by triaxial accelerometry for at least 7 d postdischarge .  Six-min walk distance and 36-item Short Form question naire ( SF-36 ) score were evaluated at discharge . HF patients were stratified into either the HFPA-high or HFPA-low group according to median daily PA . Twenty-nine older ACC/AHA stage A/B out patients ( HF-risk ) , who were at risk for HF but no symptoms of HF had developed , also completed these assessment s. Clinical predictors for 6-mo postdischarge HF rehospitalization were assessed . Results : HF patients were anemic and less active . HFPA-low patients were less likely to engage in household work , took fewer steps , and had less light and moderate-intensity PA than HFPA-high patients . There were no differences in 6-min walk distance , SF-36 score , or left ventricular ejection fraction between HFPA-low and HFPA-high patients . Postdischarge PA , especially light-intensity PA  , was independently associated with HF rehospitalization . Conclusion : Low volume of PA postdischarge , especially at 1.5 to 2.9 METs , predicts 6-mo postdischarge HF rehospitalization in older HF patients BACKGROUND Moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity is recommended to maintain and improve health , but the mortality benefits of light activity and risk for sedentary time remain uncertain . OBJECTIVES Using accelerometer-based measures , we 1 ) described the mortality dose-response for sedentary time and light- and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity activity using restricted cubic splines , and 2 ) estimated the mortality benefits associated with replacing sedentary time with physical activity , accounting for total activity . DESIGN US adults ( n = 4840 ) from NHANES ( 2003 - 2006 ) wore an accelerometer for ≤7 d and were followed prospect ively for mortality . Proportional hazards models were used to estimate adjusted HRs and 95 % CIs for mortality associations with time spent sedentary and in light- and moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity . Splines were used to graphically present behavior-mortality relation . Isotemporal models estimated replacement associations for sedentary time , and separate models were fit for low- ( < 5.8 h total activity/d ) and high-active participants to account for nonlinear associations . RESULTS Over a mean of 6.6 y , 700 deaths occurred . Compared with less-sedentary adults ( 6 sedentary h/d ) , those who spent 10 sedentary h/d had 29 % greater risk ( HR : 1.29 ; 95 % CI : 1.1 , 1.5 ) . Compared with those who did less light activity ( 3 h/d ) , those who did 5 h of light activity/d had 23 % lower risk ( HR : 0.77 ; 95 % CI : 0.6 , 1.0 ) . There was no association with mortality for sedentary time or light or moderate-to-vigorous activity in highly active adults . In less-active adults , replacing 1 h of sedentary time with either light- or moderate-to-vigorous-intensity activity was associated with 18 % and 42 % lower mortality , respectively . CONCLUSIONS Health promotion efforts for physical activity have mostly focused on moderate-to-vigorous activity . However , our findings derived from accelerometer-based measurements suggest that increasing light-intensity activity and reducing sedentary time are also important , particularly for inactive adults Background Measuring physical activity ( PA ) and sedentary time ( ST ) by self-report or device as well as assessing related health factors may alter those behaviors . Thus , in intervention trials assessment s may bias intervention effects . The aim of our study was to examine whether leisure-time PA , transport-related PA , and overall ST measured via self-report vary after assessment s and whether a brief tailored letter intervention has an additional effect . Methods Among a sample of subjects with no history of myocardial infa rct ion , stroke , or vascular intervention , a number of 175 individuals participated in a study comprising multiple repeated assessment s. Of those , 153 were analyzed ( mean age 54.5 years , st and ard deviation = 6.2 ; 64 % women ) . At baseline , participants attended a cardiovascular examination ( st and ardized measurement of blood pressure and waist circumference , blood sample taking ) and wore an accelerometer for seven days . At baseline and after 1 , 6 , and 12 months , participants completed the International Physical Activity Question naire . A r and om sub sample received a tailored counseling letter intervention at month 1 , 3 , and 4 . Changes in PA and ST from baseline to 12-month follow-up were analyzed using r and om-effects modelling . Results From baseline to 1-month assessment , leisure-time PA did not change ( Incidence rate ratio = 1.13 , p = .432 ) , transport-related PA increased ( Incidence rate ratio = 1.45 , p = .023 ) , and overall ST tended to decrease ( b = − 1.96 , p = .060 ) . Further , overall ST decreased from month 6 to month 12 ( b = − 0.52 , p = .037 ) . Time trends of the intervention group did not differ significantly from those of the assessment -only group . Conclusions Results suggest an effect of measurements on PA and ST . Data of r and om-effects modelling results revealed an increase of transport-related PA after baseline to 1-month assessment . Decreases in overall ST may result from repeated assessment s. A brief tailored letter intervention seemed to have no additional effect . Thus , measurement effects should be considered when planning intervention studies and interpreting intervention effects . Trial registration Clinical Trials.gov NCT02990039 . Registered 7 December 2016 . Retrospectively registered This study compared message-framing effects on physical activity ( PA ) across age and gender groups . Participants included 111 younger and 100 older adults ( 68 % were women ) , r and omly assigned to read gain-framed or loss-framed PA messages in promotion pamphlets , and who wore accelerometers for the following 14 days . Using regression analyses controlling for demographic and health factors , we found significant age-by-gender-by-framing interactions predicting self-report ( B = -4.39 , p = .01 ) and accelerometer-assessed PA ( B = -2.44 , p = .02 ) during the follow-up period . Gain-framed messages were more effective than loss-framed messages in promoting PA behaviors only among older men . We speculated that the age-related positivity effect , as well as the age and gender differences in issue involvement , explained the group differences in framing . In addition , more time availability and higher self-efficacy among older men might have contributed to the results BACKGROUND : Physical activity ( PA ) reduces the rate of mobility disability , compared with health education ( HE ) , in at risk older adults . It is important to underst and aspects of performance contributing to this benefit . OBJECTIVE : To evaluate intervention effects on tertiary physical performance outcomes . DESIGN : The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders ( LIFE ) was a multi‐centered , single‐blind r and omized trial of older adults . SETTING : Eight field centers throughout the United States . PARTICIPANTS : 1635 adults aged 78.9 ± 5.2 years , 67.2 % women at risk for mobility disability ( Short Physical Performance Battery [ SPPB ] < 10 ) . INTERVENTIONS : Moderate PA including walking , resistance and balance training compared with HE consisting of topics relevant to older adults . OUTCOMES : Grip strength , SPPB score and its components ( balance , 4 m gait speed , and chair‐st and s ) , as well as 400 m walking speed . RESULTS : Total SPPB score was higher in PA versus HE across all follow‐up times ( overall P = .04 ) as was the chair‐st and component ( overall P < .001 ) . No intervention effects were observed for balance ( overall P = .12 ) , 4 m gait speed ( overall P = .78 ) , or grip strength ( overall P = .62 ) . However , 400 m walking speed was faster in PA versus HE group ( overall P = < .001 ) . In separate models , 29 % of the rate reduction of major mobility disability in the PA versus HE group was explained by change in SPPB score , while 39 % was explained by change in the chair st and component . CONCLUSION : Lower extremity performance ( SPPB ) was significantly higher in the PA compared with HE group . Changes in chair‐st and score explained a considerable portion of the effect of PA on the reduction of major mobility disability‐consistent with the idea that preserving muscle strength/power may be important for the prevention of major mobility disability OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of a strategy , based on telephone support oriented by accelerometer measurements , on the adherence to physical activity ( PA ) recommendations in cardiac patients not achieving PA recommendations . DESIGN Prospect i ve and r and omized study . SETTING A cardiac rehabilitation program ( CRP ) at a clinic . PARTICIPANTS Stable , noncompliant cardiac ( coronary artery disease , heart failure , post-cardiovascular surgery ) patients ( weekly moderate-intensity PA < 150 min ) were r and omly assigned to an intervention group ( n=19 ) or a control group ( n=10 ) . INTERVENTIONS The intervention group wore an accelerometer for 8 weeks . Every 15 days , feedback and support were provided by telephone . The control group wore the accelerometer during the 8th week of the intervention only . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Active energy expenditure ( EE ) ( in kilocalories ) and the time spent doing light , moderate , or intense PA ( minutes per week ) . RESULTS In the intervention group , the time spent at moderate-intensity PA increased from 95.6±80.7 to 137.2±87.5 min/wk between the 1st and 8th week ( P=.002 ) , with 36.8 % of the sample achieving the target amount of moderate-intensity PA . During the 8th week , the EE averaged 543.7±144.1 kcal and 266.7±107.4 kcal in the intervention group and control group , respectively ( P=.004 ) . CONCLUSIONS Telephone support based on accelerometer recordings appeared to be an effective strategy to improve adherence to PA in noncompliant patients . This intervention could be implemented after a CRP as an inexpensive , modern , and easy-to-use strategy INTRODUCTION This study evaluated whether intervening with child care providers would increase physical activity ( PA )  and reduce adiposity in preschoolers . METHODS This was a two-arm , parallel group , cluster RCT whereby six child care centers were r and omly assigned in equal numbers to intervention ( n=40 children ) or control ( n=43 children ) . Participants were aged 3 - 5 years and attended licensed child care centers . Child care providers received two 3-hour train-the-trainer workshops and a training manual at program initiation aim ed at increasing structured and unstructured PA through active play . Control child care centers implemented their st and ard curriculum .  PA and sedentary behavior were measured by accelerometry , and body composition was measured using bioelectrical impedance at baseline and 6 months . Data were collected in 2011 - 2012 and analyzed in April 2015 . RESULTS Linear mixed-effects modeling showed that at 6 months , children in the intervention group demonstrated greater increases in minutes per preschool day spent in overall PA ( 22.5 minutes , 95 % CI=8.9 , 36.1 , p=0.002 ) , and light-intensity PA ( 16.1 minutes , 95 % CI=5.2 , 26.7 , p=0.004 ) , but changes between groups in moderate to vigorous PA did not differ . The intervention group showed greater reductions in body fat percentage ( -1.9 % , 95 % CI=-3.5 , -0.3 , p=0.023 ) and fat mass ( -0.3 kg , 95 % CI=-0.7 , -0.1 , p=0.018 ) , but groups did not differ on fat-free mass , BMI , or z- BMI . CONCLUSIONS Provider-led intervention in child care centers increased preschoolers '  PA and reduced adiposity , therefore may represent a viable approach to promoting PA and related health benefits in preschool-aged children . TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered at www . clinical trials.gov NCT02293278 Objectives : We have a limited underst and ing of the epidemiological association between objective ly measured physical activity and  depression among older adults . Therefore , the purpose of this study was to examine the association between accelerometer-assessed physical activity and depression symptoms among a nationally representative sample of US older adults . Methods : Data from the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey was used . 708 older adults ( 65 + years ) wore an ActiGraph 7164 accelerometer for at least 4 days , and completed data on the study covariates along with depression , as assessed by the Patient Health Question naire-9 . Results : After controlling for age , gender , race-ethnicity , body mass index , marital status , education , comorbidity index , and physical functioning , for every 60-minute increase in light-intensity physical activity , participants were 20 % ( OR = 0.80 ; 95 % CI : 0.67–0.95 ; p = 0.01 ) less likely to be depressed . Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was also inversely associated with depression ( OR = 0.78 ; 95 % CI : 0.64–0.94 ; p = 0.01 ) . Conclusion : These findings suggest that promoting physical activity , even light-intensity physical activity , may have positive mental health effects  among older adults . Future prospect i ve and experimental studies are warranted INTRODUCTION Increased physical activity ( PA ) is a crucial factor in the prevention of physical deterioration , and resistance training ( RT ) is also a common and effective intervention for older adults . However , the effects of PA as an adjunct to RT on frailty status remains unclear ; therefore , we clarified the effect of a PA intervention with feedback , as an adjunct to resistance strength training , on the physical and mental outcomes of frail older adults . MATERIAL S AND METHODS We employed a r and omized controlled trial . Community-dwelling frail older adults in Japan were recruited to participate . Forty-one participants ( mean age 81.5 ) were r and omly assigned to engage in a resistance training with PA ( RPA group ) or RT group for six months . Frailty status and frailty scores , which were measured according to the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria -muscle strength , mobility , instrumental activities of daily living , and health-related quality of life-were assessed . RESULTS Participants in the RPA group exhibited a significant increase in light-intensity PA , the number of steps taken daily ( p < 0.05 ) , and lower-limb muscle strength ( p < 0.05 ) and a significant decrease in frailty scores . However , pre- and postintervention frailty status , instrumental activities of daily living , and health-related quality of life did not differ significantly . CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a PA intervention as an adjunct to RT is feasible , as it reduced frailty scores and increased lower-limb muscle strength and mobility in older adults with frailty symptoms Background It is unclear whether the common physical activity ( PA ) intensity descriptors used in PA guidelines worldwide align with the associated percent heart rate maximum method used for prescribing relative PA intensities consistently between sexes , ethnicities , age categories and across body mass index ( BMI ) classifications . Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine whether individuals properly select light , moderate and vigorous intensity PA using the intensity descriptions in PA guidelines and determine if there are differences in estimation across sex , ethnicity , age and BMI classifications . Methods 129 adults were instructed to walk/jog at a “ light , ” “ moderate ” and “ vigorous effort ” in a r and omized order . The PA intensities were categorized as being below , at or above the following % HRmax ranges of : 50–63 % for light , 64–76 % for moderate and 77–93 % for vigorous effort . Results On average , people correctly estimated light effort as 51.5±8.3%HRmax but underestimated moderate effort as 58.7±10.7%HRmax and vigorous effort as 69.9±11.9%HRmax . Participants walked at a light intensity ( 57.4±10.5%HRmax ) when asked to walk at a pace that provided health benefits , wherein 52 % of participants walked at a light effort pace , 19 % walked at a moderate effort and 5 % walked at a vigorous effort pace . These results did not differ by sex , ethnicity or BMI class . However , younger adults  underestimated moderate and vigorous intensity more so than middle-aged adults ( P<0.05 ) . Conclusion When the common PA guideline descriptors were aligned with the associated % HRmax ranges , the majority of participants underestimated the intensity of PA that is needed to obtain health benefits . Thus , new subjective descriptions for moderate and vigorous intensity may be warranted to aid individuals in correctly interpreting PA intensities The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders ( LIFE ) Study is a Phase III r and omized controlled clinical trial ( Clinical trials.gov identifier : NCT01072500 ) that will provide definitive evidence regarding the effect of physical activity ( PA ) on major  mobility disability in older adults ( 70–89 years old ) who have compromised physical function . This paper describes the methods employed in the delivery of the LIFE Study PA intervention , providing insight into how we promoted adherence and monitored the fidelity of treatment . Data are presented on participants ’ motives and self-perceptions at the onset of the trial along with accelerometry data on patterns of PA during exercise training . Prior to the onset of training , 31.4 % of participants noted slight conflict with being able to meet the dem and s of the program and 6.4 % indicated that the degree of conflict would be moderate . Accelerometry data collected during PA training revealed that the average intensity – 1,555 counts/minute for men and 1,237 counts/minute for women – was well below the cutoff point used to classify exercise as being of moderate intensity or higher for adults . Also , a sizable subgroup required one or more rest stops . These data illustrate that it is not feasible to have a single exercise prescription for older adults with compromised function . Moreover , the concept of what constitutes “ moderate ” exercise or an appropriate volume of work is dictated by the physical capacities of each individual and the level of comfort/stability in actually executing a specific prescription CONTEXT High vitamin D and physical activity ( PA ) levels are independently associated with improved body composition and muscle function in older adults . OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate the interaction of 25-hydroxyvitamin D ( 25OHD ) and PA status in maintenance of body composition and muscle function in older adults . DESIGN AND SETTING This was a 5-year prospect i ve population -based study of Australian community-dwelling older adults . PARTICIPANTS Participants in the study included 615 community-dwelling volunteers aged 50 years old or older [ 61.4 ± 6.9 ( mean ± SD ) y ; 48 % female ] r and omly selected from electoral rolls and categorized according to baseline serum 25OHD ( ≥ or < 50 nmol/L ) and PA ( ≥ or < 10,000 pedometer determined steps/d ) levels as follows : high 25OHD and high PA ( VitD+PA+ ) ; high 25OHD and low PA ( VitD+PA- ) ; low 25OHD and high PA ( VitD-PA+ ) ; and low 25OHD and low PA ( VitD-PA- ) . A subset of 518 participants completed accelerometer assessment s during follow-up . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-assessed body composition and lower-limb muscle function were measured . RESULTS VitD+PA+ had significantly smaller increases in body fat over 5 years compared with other groups ( all P < .05 ) . Higher baseline pedometer-determined PA result ed in declines in total body fat ( β = -.23 kg per 100 steps/d , P = .001 ) over 5 years for participants with high 25OHD but not those with low 25OHD ( P > .05 ) . Among participants with accelerometer data , these associations were generally mediated by higher levels of moderate/vigorous PA . CONCLUSIONS High vitamin D status appears to enhance PA-related declines in body fat during aging , but the mechanism may be greater amounts of outdoor moderate/vigorous PA rather than a direct effect of 25OHD OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a comprehensive physical activity ( PA ) promotion programme in elementary schools on children 's total PA levels , leisure-time PA , physical fitness and psychosocial correlates of PA . DESIGN A pre-test-post-test design over two school years . SETTING AND SUBJECTS Sixteen elementary schools ( 764 children , mean age : 11.2 + /- 0.7 years ) were r and omly assigned to the intervention condition ( n = 8) and the control condition ( n = 8) . The intervention included a health-related physical education programme , an extracurricular PA promotion programme and classroom-based PA education lessons . In the total sample , leisure-time PA , psychosocial correlates of PA and physical fitness were measured using a PA question naire and the Eurofit test battery . In a sub- sample , total PA levels were measured using an accelerometer . RESULTS According to accelerometer data , children 's moderate PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA ( MVPA ) levels decreased less in the intervention schools than in the control schools ( P < 0.01 ) . The average time spent on MVPA decreased by 9 min per day in the intervention schools compared with 33 min per day in the control schools . Children in the intervention schools reported significantly more moderate PA in leisure time than the controls ( P < 0.05 ) . No overall improvement of physical fitness and no effects on the psychosocial correlates of PA were found . CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive PA promotion programme was successful in preventing a decline in children 's  total activity levels . Furthermore , the intervention increased children 's PA engagement in leisure time . Therefore , implementation needs to be encouraged This study examined the predictive validity of accelerometers ( ACC ) to estimate physical activity intensity ( PAI ) across age and differences in intensity predictions when expressed in relative and absolute PAI terms . Ninety adults categorized into 3 age groups ( 20 - 29 , 40 - 49 , and 60 - 69 yr ) completed a treadmill calibration study with simultaneous ACC ( 7164 Actigraph ) and oxygen-consumption assessment . Results revealed strong linear relations between ACC output and measured PAI ( R2 = .62-.89 ) across age and similar ACC cut-point ranges across age delineating absolute PAI ranges compared with previous findings . Comparing measured metabolic equivalents ( METs ) with estimated METs derived from previously published regression equations revealed that age did not affect predictive validity of ACC estimates of absolute PAI . Comparing ACC output expressed in relative vs. absolute terms across age revealed substantial differences in PAI ACC count ranges . Further work is warranted to increase the applicability ofACC use relative to PAI differences associated with physiological changes with age BACKGROUND The Short Physical Performance Battery ( SPPB ) , which includes walking , balance , and chair st and s tests , independently predicts mobility disability and activities of daily living disability . To date , however , there is no definitive evidence from r and omized controlled trials that SPPB scores can be improved . Our objective was to assess the effect of a comprehensive physical activity ( PA ) intervention on the SPPB and other physical performance measures . METHODS A total of 424 sedentary persons at risk for disability ( ages 70 - 89 years ) were r and omized to a moderate-intensity PA intervention or a successful aging ( SA ) health education intervention and were followed for an average of 1.2 years . RESULTS The mean baseline SPPB score on a scale of 0 - 12 , with 12 corresponding to highest performance , was 7.5 . At 6 and 12 months , the PA versus SA group adjusted SPPB ( + /- st and ard error ) scores were 8.7 + /- 0.1 versus 8.0 + /- 0.1 , and 8.5 + /- 0.1 versus 7.9 + /- 0.2 , respectively ( p < .001 ) . The 400-meter walking speed was also significantly improved in the PA group . The PA group had a lower incidence of major mobility disability defined as incapacity to complete a 400-meter walk ( hazard ratio = 0.71 , 95 % confidence interval = 0.44 - 1.20 ) . CONCLUSIONS A structured PA intervention improved the SPPB score and other measures of physical performance . An intervention that improves the SPPB performance may also offer benefit on more distal health outcomes , such as mobility disability
Light-intensity PA was found to be beneficially associated with obesity , markers of lipid and glucose metabolism , and mortality .
Conclusions Observational evidence that light-intensity PA can confer health benefits is accumulating .
Background The health effects of light-intensity physical activity ( PA ) are not well known today .
Objective We conducted a systematic review to assess the association of accelerometer-measured light-intensity PA with modifiable health outcomes in adults and older adults .