Psyllium Supplementation in Adolescents Improves Fat Distribution & Lipid Profile: A Randomized, Participant-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial Effect on body weight and composition in overweight/obese Australian adults over 12 months consumption of two different types of fibre supplementation in a randomized trial Effects of psyllium vs. placebo on constipation, weight, glycemia, and lipids: A randomized trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic constipation. The effects of 12-week psyllium fibre supplementation or healthy diet on blood pressure and arterial stiffness in overweight and obese individuals. Soluble fibers from psyllium improve glycemic response and body weight among diabetes type 2 patients (randomized control trial) The acute effects of psyllium on postprandial lipaemia and thermogenesis in overweight and obese men. Effect of psyllium on gastric emptying, hunger feeling and food intake in normal volunteers: a double blind study Psyllium decreased serum glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin significantly in diabetic outpatients. Different Effect of Psyllium and Guar Dietary Supplementation on Blood Pressure Control in Hypertensive Overweight Patients: A Six-Month, Randomized Clinical Trial Comparative Study on the Effect of Plantago psyllium and Ocimum basilicum Seeds on Anthropometric Measures in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Patients Wheat bran and psyllium diets: effects on N-methylnitrosourea-induced mammary tumorigenesis in F344 rats. Effect of Psyllium Fiber Supplementation on C-Reactive Protein: The Trial to Reduce Inflammatory Markers (TRIM) A psyllium fiber-enriched meal strongly attenuates postprandial gastrointestinal peptide release in healthy young adults. Cookies enriched with psyllium or oat bran lower plasma LDL cholesterol in normal and hypercholesterolemic men from Northern Mexico. Lipid- and glucose-lowering efficacy of Plantago Psyllium in type II diabetes. Effects of a stimulant-free dietary supplement on body weight and fat loss in obese adults: a six-week exploratory study. Soy fiber improves weight loss and lipid profile in overweight and obese adults: a randomized controlled trial.
Aims We aim ed to assess the effects of psyllium supplementation on insulin sensitivity and other parameters of the metabolic syndrome in an at risk adolescent population . Methods This study encompassed a participant-blinded , r and omized , placebo-controlled , crossover trial . Subjects were 47 healthy adolescent males aged 15–16 years , recruited from secondary schools in lower socio-economic areas with high rates of obesity . Participants received 6 g/day of psyllium or placebo for 6 weeks , with a two-week washout before crossing over . Fasting lipid profiles , ambulatory blood pressure , auxological data , body composition , activity levels , and three-day food records were collected at baseline and after each 6-week intervention . Insulin sensitivity was measured by the Matsuda method using glucose and insulin values from an oral glucose tolerance test . Results 45 subjects completed the study , and compliance was very high : 87 % of participants took > 80 % of prescribed capsules . At baseline , 44 % of subjects were overweight or obese . 28 % had decreased insulin sensitivity , but none had impaired glucose tolerance . Fibre supplementation led to a 4 % reduction in and roid fat to gynoid fat ratio ( p = 0.019 ) , as well as a 0.12 mmol/l ( 6 % ) reduction in LDL cholesterol ( p = 0.042 ) . No associated adverse events were recorded . Conclusions Dietary supplementation with 6 g/day of psyllium over 6 weeks improves fat distribution and lipid profile ( parameters of the metabolic syndrome ) in an at risk population of adolescent males . Trial Registration Australian New Zeal and Clinical Trials Registry Background / Objectives Higher fibre intakes are associated with risk reduction for chronic diseases . However , many people find difficulty in consuming sufficient fibre through their diet . Supplements may be an effective alternative . We aim ed to investigate the effects of PolyGlycopleX ® ( PGX ® ) , a proprietary polysaccharide complex and a proprietary Psyllium product ( PgxSyl ™ ) ( PSY ) on diet , body weight and composition in overweight and obese individuals . Subjects/ Methods This was a double-blind 52 weeks study with 159 people r and omized to 3 groups : control ( rice flour ) ; PGX ( PGX ) and proprietary psyllium ( PSY ) .  Participants did not change any of their usual habits or diet except they consumed 5 g of supplement taken with a total of 500 ml of water 5–10 min before meals . Results Weight was significantly lower in the PGX group compared to control at 3 ( −1.6 kg [ 0.57 , 2.67 , p = 0.003 ] ) , 6 ( −2.6 kg [ 1.01 , 4.13 , p = 0.001 ] ) and 12 months ( −2.6 kg [ 0.59 , 4.64 , p = 0.012 ] ) and in the PSY group compared to control group at 3 ( −1.1 kg [ 0.07 , 2.12 , p = 0.037 ] ) and 6 months ( −2.4 kg [ 0.95 , 3.93 , p = 0.002 ] ) . This was a difference of − 2.8 % for the PGX group and − 1.5 % for the PSY group compared to control after 12 months supplementation . Body Fat was significantly lower in PGX compared to control at 6 ( −1.8 kg [ 0.63 , 2.95 , p = 0.003 ] ) and 12 months ( −1.9 kg [ 0.43 , 3.36 , p = 0.012 ] ) and in PSY compared to control at 6 ( −1.9 kg [ 0.84 , 3.04 , p = 0.001 ] ) and 12 months ( −1.4 kg [ 0.08 , 2.71 , p = 0.038 ] ) . Conclusions PGX was better than PSY at maintaining dietary changes and weight loss over the 12 month intervention period , with no change to exercise . A simple strategy of PGX supplementation may offer an effective solution to long-term weight-loss and then management without the need for other nutrient modification . Trial registration ANZCTR : ACTRN12611000415909 . Registered 20 April OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of baked psyllium supplementation versus those who received a placebo on constipation symptoms , body weight , glycemic and lipids control in patients with type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) and chronic constipation . METHODS In a single-blinded , r and omized controlled trial , 51 patients with T2D and chronic constipation with body mass index ( BMI ) 20 - 47 kg/m2 received either 10 g of psyllium pre-mixed in cookies twice per day or placebo cookies for 12 weeks . Constipation symptoms , body mass index ( BMI ) , fasting plasma glucose ( FPG ) , glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1c ) , and lipid profile were determined at the beginning and end of 4 , 8 , and 12-week period . Constipation was evaluated with a stool diary ( ROME III ) . RESULTS The psyllium group showed improvement in constipation symptoms , body weight , glucose and lipid values compared with the baseline and the placebo group . Body weight and FPG decreased from baseline in the psyllium group ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.056 , respectively ) . The differences ( 95 % CI ) of absolute change of body weight ( -2.0 ( -3.0 , -1.0 ) kg ; P < 0.001 ) , FPG ( -13.6 ( -24.3 , -2.9 ) mg/dl ; P = .040 ) , and HbA1c ( -1.7 ( -2.9 , -0.5 ) ) ; P = 0.002 ) between the groups were statistically significant . Cholesterol ( -21.5 ( -25.6 , -14.4 ) ; P < 0.001 ) , triglycerides ( -20.0 ( -32.3 , -7.7 ) ; P = 0.021 ) and constipation symptoms ( 1.5 ( 0.4 , 2.3 ) ; P < 0.001 ) decreased in the psyllium group . The compliance was good and no adverse effects were observed . CONCLUSION In patients with T2D and chronic constipation , psyllium supplementation decreased constipation symptoms , body weight , glycemic , cholesterol , and increased HDLC levels Endothelial dysfunction and increased arterial stiffness occur early in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome and they are both powerful independent predictors of cardiovascular risk . A high-fibre diet has been correlated with lower BMI and a lower incidence of hyperlipidaemia , CVD , hypertension and diabetes . The present r and omised , parallel- design study compared the effects of fibre intake from a healthy diet v. fibre supplement diets on blood pressure ( BP ) and vascular function over 12 weeks . Overweight and obese adults were r and omised to one of three groups : control ( with placebo ) , fibre supplement ( FIB ) or healthy eating group with placebo ( HLT ) . Systolic blood pressure ( SBP ) was lower in the FIB group compared with the control group at week 6 , but not at week 12 . However , SBP was lower in the HLT group compared with control group at week 12 . At week 6 , the FIB group presented lower diastolic blood pressure and augmentation index compared with the control group , but this result did not persist to the end of the study . The present study did not show any improvements in BP or vascular function in overweight and obese individuals with psyllium fibre supplementation over 12 weeks of intervention . However , a healthy diet provided the greatest improvements in BP in overweight and obese subjects . Further research with hypertensive individuals is necessary to eluci date whether increased fibre consumption in the form of psyllium supplementation may provide a safe and acceptable means to reduce BP , vascular function and the risk of developing CVD Background Water-soluble dietary fibers intake may help control blood glucose and body weight . Objective The objective of the study was to determine whether soluble fiber supplementation from psyllium improves glycemic control indicators and body weight in type 2 diabetic patients . Method Forty type 2 diabetes patients , non-smoker , aged > 35 years were stratified to different strata according to sex , age , body mass index ( BMI ) and fasting blood sugar level ( FBS ) and r and omly assigned into two groups ; The intervention group which consists of 20 participants was on soluble fiber ( 10.5 g daily ) , and the control group which consist of 20 participants continued on their regular diet for eight weeks duration . Results After 8 weeks of intervention , soluble fiber supplementation showed significant reduction in the intervention group in BMI ( p < 0.001 ) when compared with the control group . Moreover , water soluble fiber supplementation proven to improve FBS ( 163 to 119 mg/dl ) , HbA1c ( 8.5 to 7.5 % ) , insulin level ( 27.9 to 19.7 μIU/mL ) , C-peptide ( 5.8 to 3.8 ng/ml ) , HOMA.IR ( 11.3 to 5.8 ) and HOMA-β % ( 103 to 141 % ) . Conclusion The reduction in glycemic response was enhanced by combining soluble fiber to the normal diet . Consumption of foods containing moderate amounts of these fibers may improve glucose metabolism and lipid profile in type 2 diabetes patients .Trial registration Current Controlled Trials PHRC/HC/28/15 Overweight and obesity is one of the risk factors for developing CVD . At present , very little is known about the acute effects of dietary fibre on lipids , glucose and insulin , resting energy expenditure and diet-induced thermogenesis in overweight and obese individuals . This study examined the postpr and ial metabolic effects of dietary fibre in overweight and obese men . Ten overweight and obese men consumed a mixed meal accompanied by either a high-fibre or low-fibre supplement on two separate visits , in a r and om order , 1 week apart . Two isoenergetic breakfast meals with similar composition were consumed by ten overweight/obese men . The meals contained either a low ( 3 g ) or high ( 15 g ) amount of fibre , low-fibre meal ( LFM ) and high-fibre meal ( HFM ) respectively . Analysis was carried out using paired t test and ANOVA . Serum TAG incremental area under the curve during 6 h of the postpr and ial period was significantly lower after the consumption of HFM compared with LFM . At the first hour of the postpr and ial period , plasma apo B48 concentration after consumption of HFM was significantly lower compared with LFM . The resting energy expenditure and diet-induced thermogenesis after both meals was similar during 6 h of the postpr and ial period . Collectively , these findings suggest that a single acute dose of dietary fibre in the form of psyllium supplement can decrease arterial exposure to TAG and modify chylomicron responses in the postpr and ial period Objective : To assess whether psyllium , a soluble dietary fibre , could , at an acceptable dose ( 7.4 g ) , delay gastric emptying of a low-calorie meal , and reduce hunger feeling and energy intake , without requiring intimate mixing with the meal . Design : A double blind r and omized cross over study with 14 normal volunteers , to evaluate the effect of this dose of psyllium on postpr and ial serum glucose , triglycerides and insulin levels , and on gastric fullness , hunger feeling and food intake . Methods : Gastric emptying was measured using a st and ard double-radiolabeled 450 kcal meal and feelings by visual analogic scales . The postpr and ial serum glucose , triglycerides and insulin levels were also determined . Results : No delay in the gastric emptying of the solid and liquid phases of the meal was observed with psyllium . After the meal , hunger feelings and energy intake were significantly lower during the psyllium session than during the placebo session ( 13 % and 17 % lower respectively ; P<0.05 ) . Postpr and ial increase in serum glucose , triglycerides and insulin levels was less with psyllium than with placebo ( P<0.05 ) . Conclusions : Psyllium reduces hunger feelings and energy intake in normal volunteers at reasonable dose and without requiring mixing with the meal . It does not act by slowing down the gastric emptying of hydrosoluble nutrients , but by increase in the time allowed for intestinal absorption , as suggested by the flattening of the postpr and ial serum glucose , insulin and triglycerides curves . Sponsorship : University , Faculté de Médecine X. Bichat , 75018 Paris , France Psyllium is a bulk-forming laxative and is high in both fiber and mucilage . The beneficial effect of dietary fiber in the management of type II diabetes , has not been totally demonstrated . The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma-lowering effects of 5.1 g b.i.d . of psyllium husk fiber , as an adjunct to dietary and drug therapy on lipid and glucose levels , in patients with type II diabetes . Patients were r and omly selected from an outpatient clinic of primary care to participate in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in which Plantago ovata Forsk . , or placebo was given in combination with their anti-diabetic drugs .  Forty-nine subjects were included in the study that were given diet counseling before the study and then followed for 8 weeks in the treatment period . Fasting plasma glucose ( FBS ) was measured every 2 weeks , and total plasma cholesterol ( TC ) , LDL-cholesterol ( LDL-C ) , HDL-cholesterol ( HDL-C ) , triglyceride ( TG ) , and insulin levels were measured every 4 weeks . Glycosylated hemoglobin ( HbA1c ) was also measured at the beginning and ending of the study . The test products ( psyllium or placebo ) were supplied to subjects in identically labeled foil packets containing a 5.1 g dose of product , to consume two doses per day , half an hour before breakfast and dinner . Both products were well tolerated , with no serious adverse events related to treatment was reported in either . Better gastric tolerance to metformin was recorded in the psyllium group . FBS , and HbA1c , showed a significant reduction ( p<0.05 ) , whereas HDL-C increased significantly ( p<0.05 ) following psyllium treatment . LDL/HDL ratio was significantly decreased ( p<0.05 ) . Our results show that 5.1 g b.i.d . of psyllium for persons with type II diabetes is safe , well tolerated , and improves glycemic control In the setting of a six-month , open-label clinical trial , 141 consecutively enrolled , hypertensive , overweight patients were r and omized to the oral ingestion of psyllium powder or guar gum 3.5 gr t.i.d . , to be taken 20 min before the main two meals , or to st and ard diet . Both fibers improved significantly BMI , FPG , FPI , HOMA Index , HbA1c , LDL-C , and ApoB.  Psyllium supplementation only exerted a significant improvement in plasma TG concentration , in SBP and DBP . In our study , six-month supplementation with psyllium fiber , but not with guar fiber nor st and ard diet , appears to significantly reduce both SBP and DBP in hypertensive overweight subjects Background : Due to the attribution of fatty liver with some chronic diseases such as obesity , finding a way to control obesity can be useful for the management of fatty liver . This study was performed to assess the effects of Plantago psyllium ( PP ) and Ocimum basilicum ( OB ) on anthropometric measurements in people with hepatic steatosis . Methods : All patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ) were enrolled in this four-arm parallel , r and omized , and single blind trial . They r and omly assigned into four groups receiving ( 1 ) OB 10 g/day ; ( 2 ) PP 10 g/day ; ( 3 ) mix of OB and PP 10 g/day ; and ( 4 ) control group without placebo for 12 weeks . Anthropometric measurements were assessed during study baseline and after 12 weeks intervention . The data were analyzed using paired sample t-test for within group and analysis of covariance for between groups . Results : In within group analysis , weight and body mass index show a significant reduction after 12 weeks intervention . In addition , soft lean mass and lean body mass were decreased in PP and mixed of PP and OB groups significantly ; another group ( OB ) shows the same result for mass body fat . Although in intervention groups , we see considerable reduction , between group changes did not demonstrate the same consequences . Conclusions : The results of this study showed that administration of OB , PP , or mix of them for 12 weeks does not affect any of the anthropometric measures in NAFLD BACKGROUND Experimental and epidemiologic evidence suggests that increased dietary fiber is associated with decreased  breast cancer risk . Little is known about the role played by different types of fiber and , particularly , mixtures of soluble and insoluble fibers similar to those consumed by human population s in reducing breast cancer risk . High intake of fiber may suppress bacterial hydrolysis of biliary estrogen conjugates to free ( absorbable ) estrogens in the colon and thus may decrease the availability of circulating estrogens necessary for the development and growth of breast cancers . PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of wheat bran ( an insoluble fiber ) and psyllium ( a soluble fiber ) alone and in combination on overall estrogen status , on fecal bacterial beta-D-glucuronidase ( a key diet-responsive estrogen-deconjugating enzyme ) activity , and on the induction of mammary tumors in rats treated with N-methylnitrosourea ( MNU ) . METHODS One hundred fifty virgin female F344 rats were fed the NIH-07 diet  from 28 days of age until 50 days of age ; they were then given a single dose ( 40 mg/kg of body weight ) of MNU by tail vein injection . Three days later , they were r and omly assigned to one of five experimental dietary groups ( 30 animals per group ) . Soft , white wheat bran ( 45 % dietary fiber content ) and psyllium ( 80 % dietary fiber content ) were added to a modified ( high-fat ) American Institute of Nutrition (AIN)-76A diet at the following percents , respectively : 12 % + 0 % ( group 1 ) , 8 % + 2 % ( group 2 ) , 6 % + 3 % ( group 3 ) , 4 % + 4 % ( group 4 ) , and 0 % + 6 % ( group 5 ) . Blood , urine , and feces were collected and analyzed by radioimmunoassay techniques for estrogens . Cecal contents were analyzed for bacterial beta-D-glucuronidase activity . After 19 weeks on the experimental diets , the rats were killed , and mammary tumors were counted and classified by histologic type . Cumulative tumor incidence was evaluated by the Kaplan-Meier life-table method and the logrank test . Tumor number was evaluated by the chi-squared test of association , and tumor multiplicity was evaluated by the Mantel-Haenszel chi-squared test . All statistical tests were two-tailed . RESULTS As the level of psyllium relative to that of wheat bran increased , the total tumor number and multiplicity of mammary adenocarcinomas in rats decreased as a statistically significant linear trend across groups 1 - 5 ( P < .05 ) . Compared with the group given wheat bran alone , the group given the 1:1 ( wheat bran : psyllium ) combination had maximum protection against mammary tumorigenesis , while the groups given the 4:1 or 2:1 ( wheat bran : psyllium ) combination or psyllium alone had intermediate protection . No statistically significant differences in circulating estrogens or urinary estrogen excretion patterns were observed among the five experimental groups . Fecal estrogen excretion , however , decreased with increasing levels of psyllium ( P < .01 ) , and cecal beta-D-glucuronidase activity exhibited a decreasing trend with respect to the increasing psyllium content of the diet across groups 1 - 5 ( P < .01 ) . CONCLUSIONS The addition of a 4%:4 % mixture of an insoluble ( wheat bran ) fiber and a soluble ( psyllium ) fiber to a high-fat diet provided the maximum tumor-inhibiting effects in this mammary tumor model . Although increasing levels of dietary psyllium were associated with decreased cecal bacterial beta-D-glucuronidase activity , these changes were not reflected in decreased circulating levels of tumor-promoting estrogens . Therefore , the mechanism(s ) by which mixtures of soluble and insoluble dietary fibers protect against mammary tumorigenesis remains to be clarified PURPOSE Recent evidence supports a significant association between the intake of dietary fiber and levels of inflammatory markers . The objective of this study was to determine whether daily fiber supplementation would reduce levels of inflammatory markers . METHODS This study was a prospect i ve r and omized controlled trial at a single university medical center . Participants were overweight or obese adults with no history of heart disease . The intervention was psyllium supplementation at either 7 or 14 g/d for 3 months compared with no supplements in a control group . The main outcome measure was change in level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein ( hsCRP ) concentration ; secondary outcomes included changes in interleukin-6 ( IL-6 ) levels , fibrinogen levels , and white blood cell ( WBC ) count . Protocol completers attended at least 2 visits and took more than 75 % of the prescribed fiber dose . RESULTS In this intent-to-treat analysis ( n = 158 ) , there were no significant differences between either of the 2 treatment groups and the control group in the amount of change in CRP , fibrinogen , or IL-6 levels or in WBC count ( P>.05 ) . In the analysis of protocol completers ( n = 132 ) , there also were no significant differences between the groups except for a small decrease in fibrinogen level in the high-fiber group ( −6 mg/dL [ −0.18 μmol/L ] compared with 13 mg/dL [ 0.38 μmol/L ] in the control group , P<.05 ) . CONCLUSION Psyllium fiber supplementation did not significantly reduce  CRP levels in overweight or obese individuals in this trial , and changes in other markers were not consistent . Further research is needed to determine whether other fibers or nutrients can reduce inflammatory markers Dietary fiber ( DF ) and protein are essential constituents of a healthy diet and are well known for their high satiety impact . However , little is known about their influence on postpr and ial gastrointestinal ( GI ) peptide release . Our aim in this single-blind , r and omized , cross-over study was to investigate the effects of DF and /or protein enrichments on satiety-related metabolic and hormonal responses .  Sixteen healthy , nonobese volunteers participated in the study and ingested 1 of 5 isoenergetic test meals in a r and omized order on separate days . The test meals were as follows : 1 ) low in protein ( 2.8 g ) and fiber ( 7.6 g ) ; 2 ) low in protein ( 2.6 g ) and high in soluble fiber ( psyllium , 23.0 g ) ; 3 ) high in protein ( soy , 19.7 g ) and low in fiber ( 6.2 g ) ; 4 ) high in protein ( 18.4 g ) and fiber ( 23.0 g ) ; and 5 ) white wheat bread .  Serum insulin and plasma glucose , ghrelin , glucagon-like peptide 1 ( GLP-1 ) , and peptide YY ( PYY ) concentrations were determined for 2 h following the meals . In addition , hunger and satiety ratings were collected . Postpr and ial glucose , insulin , ghrelin , GLP-1 , and PYY responses all differed among the meals ( P < or= 0.05 ) . Fiber-enriched meals decreased glucose , insulin , ghrelin , and PYY responses ; in addition , PYY secretion was prolonged compared with the other meals . The postpr and ial GLP-1 concentration was significantly suppressed after a fiber- and protein-rich meal , in contrast to the initial increases following the other meals . However , postpr and ial ratings of appetite were mostly similar after the test meals . In conclusion , solid meals enriched with psyllium fiber strongly modified postpr and ial signals arising from the GI tract BACKGROUND Psyllium and oat bran have been shown to lower plasma LDL cholesterol levels in different population s. Hypercholesterolemia is prevalent in the Northern part of Mexico and might be associated to dietary habits and sedentary lifestyle . METHODS Sedentary normal ( cholesterol<200 mg/dL ) ( n=36 ) and hypercholesterolemic ( cholesterol>220 mg/dL ) ( n=30 ) men from the Northern part of Mexico aged 20 to 45 years of age participated in an 8-week study to determine the effects of dietary soluble fiber , either psyllium or oat bran , in lowering plasma LDL cholesterol in this population . Fiber was administered by feeding the subjects an amount of cookies ( 100 g ) equivalent to 1.3 or 2.6 g/day of soluble fiber from psyllium or oat bran , respectively . Subjects were r and omly allocated to three groups : a control group consuming cookies with wheat bran , a known source of fiber with no cholesterol lowering effects , psyllium , or oat bran . RESULTS Food frequency question naires indicated that subjects from the three groups had similar intakes of foods classified as hypercholesterolemic ( p>0.05 ) . Plasma LDL cholesterol concentrations were reduced by an average of 22.6 and 26 % in the psyllium and oat bran groups ( p<0.001 ) while a non-significant reduction of 8.4 % was observed in the hypercholesterolemic individuals from the control group . No effects on plasma HDL or triglycerides levels were observed among the three dietary treatments except for hypercholesterolemic individuals supplemented with oat bran where a 28 % reduction in plasma triglycerides was observed after 8 weeks ( p<0.01 ) . CONCLUSION These results indicate that psyllium and oat bran are efficacious in lowering plasma LDL cholesterol in both normal and hypercholesterolemic individuals from this population The beneficial effect of dietary fiber in the management of type II diabetes is still controversial and has not been totally demonstrated . The purpose of this study was to determine the plasma-lowering effects of 5 g t.i.d . of Plantago Psyllium , as an adjunct to dietary therapy , on lipid and glucose levels , in patients with type II diabetes . Patients were r and omly selected from an outpatient clinic of primary care to participate in a double-blind placebo-controlled study in which Plantago Psyllium or placebo was given in combination with a low fat diet .  One hundred twenty-five subjects were included in the study that consisted in a 6-week period of diet counseling followed by a 6-week treatment period .  Fasting plasma glucose , total plasma cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured every 2 weeks . The test products ( Psyllium or placebo ) were supplied to subjects in identically labeled foil packets containing a 5-g dose of product , to consume three doses per day ( of 5 g each one ) , before regular meals . There was an excellent tolerance to Psyllium , without significant adverse effects . No significant changes were observed in the patient 's weight for both groups ( not significant ) . Fasting plasma glucose , total cholesterol , LDL cholesterol , and triglycerides levels , showed a significant reduction ( p < 0.05 ) , whereas HDL cholesterol increased significantly ( p < 0.01 ) following Psyllium treatment . Our results show that 5 g t.i.d . of Psyllium is useful , as an adjunct to dietary therapy , in patients with type II diabetes , to reduce plasma lipid and glucose levels , resolving the compliance conflict associated with the ingest of a great amount of fiber in customary diet BACKGROUND Obesity is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease , diabetes , hyperlipidemia , hypertension , osteoarthritis , and stroke . Stimulants , such as ephedrine and caffeine and their herbal counterparts , have proved effective in facilitating body weight loss , but their use is controversial due to their undesired effects . Other nutraceuticals have shown moderate success in reducing body weight , whereas several other compounds have demonstrated little or no effect . Therefore , a tolerable and effective nutraceutical that can increase energy expenditure and /or decrease caloric intake is desirable for body weight reduction . OBJECTIVE The primary purpose of this study was to assess the tolerability and effectiveness of a novel , stimulant-free , dietary supplement containing glucomannan , chitosan , fenugreek , Gymnema sylvestre , and vitamin C on body weight and fat loss and change in body composition in obese adults . METHODS In this single-center , prospect i ve , r and omized , double-blind , placebo-controlled study conducted at the University of Guelph ( Guelph , Ontario , Canada ) , obese adults ( aged 20 - 50 years ; body mass index [ BMI ] , ≥30 kg/m(2 ) ) were r and omized to the treatment or placebo group . The treatment group received 6 capsules of a dietary supplement containing a proprietary blend of glucomannan , chitosan , fenugreek , G sylvestre , and vitamin C daily for 6 weeks , and the placebo group received 6 capsules of rice flour daily for 6 weeks . Body weight ; percentage of body fat ; absolute fat mass ; lean body mass ; BMI ; upper abdominal , waist , and hip circumference ; and anthropometric measurements were recorded at baseline and at study end . Patients completed daily dietary intake records on days 1 to 3 and days 40 to 42 . They also completed weekly activity logs throughout the study . RESULTS Twenty-four subjects ( mean [ SD ] age , 37.0 [ 8.2 ] years [ range , 21 - 48years ] ; mean [ SD ] BMI , 35.7 [ 6.2 ] kg/m(2 ) [ range , 28.9 - 50.9 kg/m(2 ) ] ) were assigned to the treatment group ( 8 women , 4 men ) or the placebo group ( 9 women,3 men ) . Two subjects ( 8.3 % ; 1 patient [ 8.3 % ] from each group ) dropped out for personal reasons unrelated to the study . No significant changes in the consumption of total calories ; the percentage of calories ingested as carbohydrates , fat , or protein ; or activity levels were found in either group throughout the study . Compared with the placebo group , the treatment group lost significantly more body weight ( -2.3 kg vs 0.0 kg ; P<0.01 ) , percentage of body fat ( -1.1 % vs 0.2 % ; P<0.05 ) , and absolute fat mass ( -2.0 kg vs 0.2 kg ; P<0.001 ) . The treatment group also experienced a significantly greater reduction in upper abdominal circumference ( -4.5 cm vs -0.7 cm ) , waist circumference ( -4.1 cm vs 0.1 cm ) , and hip circumference ( -2.9 cm vs 0.6 cm ) compared with the placebo group ( P<0.05 for all ) . No significant changes in heart rate or blood pressure were found in either group . Both the treatment and the placebo were well tolerated . CONCLUSION Within the context of this study , the novel combination of glucomannan , chitosan , fenugreek , G sylvestre , and vitamin C results in significant body weight and fat loss in obese adults . Disclosure : Derek E. Woodgate , MSc , is president and owner of NxCare Inc. , which produces the dietary supplement containing glucomannan , chitosan , fenugreek , Gymnema sylvestre , and vitamin C ( trade name Calorie-Care ™ ) SCOPE Studies have suggested that food rich in dietary fiber may facilitate body weight loss , lower total and LDL-cholesterol levels , and reduce body fat . This study examined the effects of soy fiber ( SF ) on body weight , body composition , and blood lipids in overweight and obese participants . METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-nine overweight and obese college adults ( 19 - 39 years of age ) were r and omly assigned to consume control biscuits or biscuits supplemented with SF for their breakfast for 12 wk ( approximately 100 g/day ) . There were significant differences in changes on body weight , BMI , and LDL-cholesterol ( LDL-C ) between the two groups after 12-wk intervention ( p < 0.05 ) . The changes of body weight , BMI , waist circumference , diastolic blood pressure , serum levels of total cholesterol , LDL-C , and glucose , body fat , and trunk fat of participants in SF group were observed significantly after 12 wk . CONCLUSION SF had favorable effects on body weight , BMI , and fasting LDL-C levels in overweight and obese adults . These effects may be beneficial in antiobesity and the improvement of hyperlipidemia and hypertension ( Clinical Trials.gov registration number-NCT01802840 )
Moreover , there was nonlinear association between duration of psyllium consumption , BMI and WC .
Conclusion : Psyllium supplementation does not reduce body weight , BMI , and WC significantly
Abstract Background : Previous studies reported inconsistent findings regarding the effects of psyllium supplementation on  obesity measures .
This systematic review and meta- analysis was performed to summarize data from available r and omized clinical trials ( RCTs ) on the effect of psyllium supplementation on  body weight , body mass index ( BMI ) , and waist circumference ( WC ) in adults .