Employment Outcomes One Year after Bariatric Surgery: the Role of Patient and Psychosocial Factors Bariatric Surgery May Improve Employment Status in Unemployed, Underserved, Severely Obese Patients Obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors after weight loss: a clinical trial comparing gastric bypass surgery and intensive lifestyle intervention Improved memory function two years after bariatric surgery. Lifestyle intervention favorably affects weight loss and maintenance following obesity surgery. Obesity and Presenteeism: The Impact of Body Mass Index on Workplace Productivity Health-related quality of life after the surgical treatment of obesity. Does cognitive behavioral therapy strengthen the effect of bariatric surgery for obesity? Design and methods of a randomized and controlled study. Effects of obesity and bariatric surgery on airway hyperresponsiveness, asthma control, and inflammation. Effect of bariatric surgery on airway response and lung function in obese subjects with asthma. Comprehensive behavioral-motivational nutrition education improves depressive symptoms following bariatric surgery: a randomized, controlled trial of obese Hispanic Americans. Is obesity a predictor of mortality, morbidity and readmission after cardiac surgery? Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery. Becoming physically active after bariatric surgery is associated with improved weight loss and health-related quality of life. Two-year changes in generic and obesity-specific quality of life after gastric bypass Increased exercise capacity after surgically induced weight loss in morbid obesity. Quality of life before and after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. A prospective cohort study.
Background Patients undergoing bariatric surgery  generally report improved work performance after this procedure ; however , previous research has been limited by a lack of st and ardized employment measures and a failure to account for the impact of psychiatric illness on employment outcomes . To address these limitations , this study aims to assess changes in patients ’ employment impairment and productivity 12 months post-surgery and to identify psychosocial predictors of change in employment outcomes . Methods A total of 164 patients underwent bariatric surgery between February 2010 and November 2012 in this prospect i ve cohort study . The primary outcome was a change in employment impairment ( EI ) as measured by total Lam Employment Absence and Productivity Scale ( LEAPS ) scores and changes in participants ’ job status category . Multiple linear regression models assessed whether baseline demographic or clinical factors , including a history of psychiatric illness and changes in depressive , anxiety and quality of life ( QOL ) symptoms , were associated with a change in LEAPS scores . Results Participants reported a significant reduction in EI post-surgery ( p < 0.0001 ) and improvement in work productivity ( p < 0.0001 ) 12 months after surgery . Only changes in depression ( confidence interval ( CI ) 0.46 , 0.76 , p < 0.0001 ) , anxiety ( CI 0.49 , 0.85 , p < 0.0001 ) and mental QOL ( CI −0.30 , −0.17 , p < 0.0001 ) were significant predictors of change in EI total scores . Logistic regression analysis did not identify significant predictors of change in participant job status . Conclusions Patients with pre-bariatric surgery psychiatric distress are more likely to report greater employment impairment and worse employment productivity pre-surgery . These patients also experience the greatest improvements in post-surgery employment functioning Background The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of bariatric surgery on employment status in underserved , unemployed patients with severe obesity . Methods A retrospective review of all unemployed severely obese patients seen in our urban safety-net bariatric surgery program was performed . Preoperative patient question naires and medical records were review ed to evaluate patient employment status at the time of initial evaluation by the multidisciplinary bariatric surgery team . Follow-up data was obtained on all available patients ( including those who did not undergo surgery ) , including weight and employment status . A st and ardized telephone question naire was administered to supplement details regarding employment . Changes in employment status and body weight were determined in both groups . Results Here , 193 unemployed severely obese patients were evaluated by the multidisciplinary obesity team . The vast majority of patients ( > 80 % ) were minorities ( primarily Hispanic ) and publicly insured . Seventy-two underwent bariatric surgery and 121 did not . Twenty-four percent of the surgical patients and 9 % of the non-surgical patients had acquired full-time employment at least one year postoperatively ( p = 0.043 ) . There was a 10-point body mass index reduction in the surgical group , compared to 1-point reduction in the non-surgical group after one year . Conclusions Bariatric surgery may improve employment status in an unemployed severely obese patient cohort . Future research in this area should collect detailed prospect i ve data on employment prior to surgery and assess changes longitudinally to provide a more complete picture of the impact of bariatric surgery on employment Objective Weight reduction improves several obesity-related health conditions . We aim ed to compare the effect of bariatric surgery and comprehensive lifestyle intervention on type 2 diabetes and obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors . Design One-year controlled clinical trial ( Clinical Trials.gov identifier NCT00273104 ) . Methods Morbidly obese subjects ( 19–66 years , mean ( s.d . ) body mass index 45.1 kg/m2 ( 5.6 ) , 103 women ) were treated with either Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery ( n=80 ) or intensive lifestyle intervention at a rehabilitation centre ( n=66 ) . The dropout rate within both groups was 5 % . Results Among the 76 completers in the surgery group and the 63 completers in the lifestyle group , mean ( s.d . ) 1-year weight loss was 30 % ( 8) and 8 % ( 9 ) respectively . Beneficial effects on glucose metabolism , blood pressure , lipids and low- grade inflammation were observed in both groups . Remission rates of type 2 diabetes and hypertension were significantly higher in the surgery group than the lifestyle intervention group ; 70 vs 33 % , P=0.027 , and 49 vs 23 % , P=0.016 . The improvements in glycaemic control and blood pressure were mediated by weight reduction . The surgery group experienced a significantly greater reduction in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome , albuminuria and electrocardiographic left ventricular hypertrophy than the lifestyle group . Gastrointestinal symptoms and symptomatic postpr and ial hypoglycaemia developed more frequently after gastric bypass surgery than after lifestyle intervention . There were no deaths . Conclusions Type 2 diabetes and obesity-related cardiovascular risk factors were improved after both treatment strategies . However , the improvements were greatest in those patients treated with gastric bypass surgery OBJECTIVE Obesity is as an independent risk factor for poor neurocognitive outcomes , including Alzheimer 's disease .  Bariatric surgery has recently been shown to result in improved memory at 12-weeks postoperatively . However , the long-term effects of bariatric surgery on cognitive function remain unclear . DESIGN AND METHODS Eighty-six individuals ( 63 bariatric surgery patients , 23 obese controls ) were recruited from a prospect i ve study examining the neurocognitive effects of bariatric surgery .  All participants completed  self-report measurements and a computerized cognitive test battery  prior to surgery and at 12-week and 24-month follow-up ; obese controls completed measures at equivalent time points . RESULTS Bariatric surgery patients exhibited high rates of pre-operative cognitive impairments in attention , executive function , memory , and language . Relative to obese controls , repeated measures ANOVA showed improvements in memory from baseline to 12-weeks and 24-months postoperatively ( P < 0.05 ) . Regression analyses controlling for baseline factors revealed that a lower BMI at 24-months demonstrated a trend toward significance for improved memory ( β = -.30 , P = 0.075 ) . CONCLUSION These findings suggest that cognitive benefits of bariatric surgery may extend to 24-months postoperatively . Larger prospect i ve studies with extended follow-up periods are needed to eluci date whether bariatric surgery decreases risk for cognitive decline and possibly the development of dementia The present study was design ed to evaluate the 3 year effects of a lifestyle intervention on weight loss and maintenance , dietary , and physical activity habits and eating behavior of patients following vertical b and ed gastroplasty ( VBG ) . Thirty severely obese female volunteers were included in the study and they were r and omly assigned to one of two intervention groups : usual care ( UC ) or lifestyle intervention ( LS ) group . Patients were followed for 3 years postoperatively . Outcome measures included weight loss , dietary habits , physical activity level ( PAL ) , and eating behavior changes . Weight was significantly lower in the LS group after 12 months ( 84.4 + /- 3.9 kg vs. 98.4 + /- 4.4 kg , P < 0.05 ) , 24 months ( 83.0 + /- 3.3 vs. 101.9 + /- 5.3 kg , P < 0.05 ) , and 36 months following surgery ( 84.2 + /- 3.3 vs. 102.5 + /- 3.5 kg , P < 0.05 ) . Repeated measures ANOVA revealed significant differences between the two groups overall and at specific time points for the PAL and TV viewing . With regard to eating behavior , the LS group scored significantly better in total Dutch Eating Behavior Question naire ( DEBQ ) , Restraint Eating and External Eating scales at all postoperative time points . Similarly , significant differences were found between the two groups in dietary intake . These findings outline the importance of lifestyle intervention on weight loss and maintenance following bariatric surgery . The favorable effects of lifestyle intervention may be through adoption of healthier eating behaviors and increased physical activity Objective : To examine whether obesity is associated with increased presenteeism ( health-related limitations at work ) . Methods : R and omly selected manufacturing employees ( n = 341 ) were assessed via height and weight measures , demographic survey , wage data , and the Work Limitations Question naire . The Work Limitations Question naire measures productivity on four dimensions . Analyses of variance and analyses of covariance were computed to identify productivity differences based on body mass index ( BMI ) . Results : Moderately or extremely obese workers ( BMI ≥35 ) experienced the greatest health-related work limitations , specifically regarding time needed to complete tasks and ability to perform physical job dem and s. These workers experienced a 4.2 % health-related loss in productivity , 1.18 % more than all other employees , which equates to an additional $ 506 annually in lost productivity per worker . Conclusions : The relationship between BMI and presenteeism is characterized by a threshold effect , where extremely or moderately obese workers are significantly less productive than mildly obese workers The aim of the study is to answer the question : what is the range and character of changes within health-related quality of life ( HRQL ) in obese patients who have undergone surgical treatment ( VBG - vertical b and ed gastroplasty or RYGBP - Roux-en-Y gastric bypass )  in the period of three and six months after operation ? Three groups of patients participated in the study : G I ( n=33 ; BMI 49.90 + /- 6.74 kg/m(2 ) ) - tested prior to the operation , G II ( n=17 ; BMI 34.26 + /- 5.28 kg/m(2 ) ) - tested six months after the operation , and G III ( n=11 ) - examined prior to the operation ( BMI 45.72 + /- 5.27 kg/m(2 ) ) as well as three months after the operation ( BMI 36.10 + /- 4.60 kg/m(2 ) ) . The Nottingham Health Profile ( NHP ) question naire was used as an indicator of HRQL . Surgical treatment of obesity result ed in significant positive changes in relation to the basic dimensions of NHP : energy , pain , physical mobility and in the influence of the current health state on selected spheres of life : paid employment , jobs around the house , social life , sex life , interests and hobbies , holidays . Significant changes in HRQL result ing from bariatric surgery occur in a relatively short period of time and are related not only to physical but also to social functioning BACKGROUND ( Extreme ) obesity is a chronic harmful condition with high risk of medical comorbidities and negative social and emotional consequences . Bariatric surgery is an effective intervention for obesity , but approximately 20 to 30 % of the patients experience adverse outcomes after surgery and there is a need for augmentation of current treatment strategies . This study examines the added value of pre-operative cognitive behavioral therapy ( CBT ) focused on modification of thoughts and behaviors in terms of eating behavior and physical exercise as well as preparation for surgery and postoperative life style . We hypothesize that pre-operative CBT will result in better weight loss maintenance , reduction of maladaptive eating behavior and better adherence to postoperative lifestyle on the long term as compared to bariatric surgery alone . METHODS One hundred and twenty eight patients that are on a waiting list for bariatric surgery are r and omly assigned to the control or treatment condition . Patients in the treatment condition receive 10 sessions of CBT before surgery aim ed at modifying dysfunctional eating habits and behaviors and developing more rational weight and body-related beliefs in order to enable long term maintenance of a healthier lifestyle after surgery . Weight loss , eating behavior , eating disorders , depression , quality of life and psychological distress are assessed before and after treatment , as well as 1 , 3 , and 5 year following surgery BACKGROUND Asthma in obese subjects is poorly understood , and these patients are often refractory to st and ard therapy . OBJECTIVES We sought to gain insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of asthma in obese subjects by determining how obesity and bariatric surgery affect asthma control , airway hyperresponsiveness ( AHR ) , and markers of asthmatic inflammation . METHODS We performed a prospect i ve study of ( 1 ) asthmatic and nonasthmatic patients undergoing bariatric surgery compared at baseline and ( 2 ) asthmatic patients followed for 12 months after bariatric surgery .  RESULTS We studied 23 asthmatic and 21 nonasthmatic patients undergoing bariatric surgery .  At baseline , asthmatic patients had lower FEV(1 ) and forced vital capacity and lower numbers of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid . After surgery , asthmatic participants experienced significant improvements in asthma control ( asthma control score , 1.55 to 0.74 ; P < .0001 ) and asthma quality of life ( 4.87 to 5.87 , P < .0001 ) . Airways responsiveness to methacholine improved significantly ( methacholine PC(20 ) , 3.9 to 7.28 , P = .03 ) . There was a statistically significant interaction between IgE status and change in airways responsiveness ( P for interaction = .01 ) . The proportion of lymphocytes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the production of cytokines from activated peripheral blood CD4(+ ) T cells increased significantly . CONCLUSIONS Bariatric surgery improves AHR in obese asthmatic patients with normal serum IgE levels . Weight loss has dichotomous effects on airway physiology and T-cell function typically involved in the pathogenesis of asthma , suggesting that obesity produces a unique phenotype of asthma that will require a distinct therapeutic approach BACKGROUND Obesity is a risk factor for self-reported asthma and makes asthma management more difficult . The effects of bariatric surgery on asthma in severely obese subjects remain to be documented . METHODS In this prospect i ve study , 12 asthmatic patients with severe obesity were evaluated before , 6 and 12 months after bariatric surgery .  Each had methacholine inhalation tests , measures of expiratory flows and lung volumes , measurements of C-reactive protein and question naires on asthma medication , asthma symptoms and co-morbid conditions . Eleven severely obese patients with asthma ( considered as controls ) underwent the same evaluations . Primary endpoint was airway responsiveness to methacholine and secondary endpoints were lung volumes and markers of systemic inflammation . RESULTS Mean body mass index decreased from 51.2 to 34.4 kg/m(2 ) twelve months post-surgery . Mean PC(20 ) methacholine improved from 0.84 to 6.2 mg/ml ( P < 0.001 ) ; FEV(1 ) , FVC , FRC , FRC/TLC and ERV all improved ( P ≤ 0.006 ) . C-reactive protein decreased from 8.6 to 1.7 mg/L ( P < 0.001 ) Asthma symptoms total score was significantly reduced ( P = 0.03 ) and asthma medication needs decreased , ten patients being able to stop all asthma drugs . No significant changes of these parameters from baseline were observed in asthmatic controls . Improvements in airway responsiveness and lung volumes happened in parallel and correlated with reductions of body mass index ( r = 0.58 , P = 0.049 ) , C-reactive protein levels ( r = -0.74 , P = 0.004 ) . CONCLUSION Airway responsiveness , lung volumes and asthma severity/control markedly improved with weight loss following bariatric surgery in severely obese patients OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of 2 post-bariatric support interventions on depressive symptoms of Hispanic Americans treated with gastric bypass for morbid or severe obesity . DESIGN / SETTING Prospect i ve r and omized , controlled trial conducted in a laparoscopic institution . PARTICIPANTS / INTERVENTIONS During the Phase 1 clinical trial ( from preoperative evaluation to 6 months after surgery ) , all participants received st and ard care . During Phase 2 ( 6 - 12 months after surgery ) , participants were r and omly assigned to receive either st and ard care ( n = 72 ) or comprehensive support ( n = 72 ) . Comprehensive group participants received 6 educational sessions focused on behavior change strategies and motivation with nutrition counseling . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Depression scores and weight change over time . ANALYSIS Independent sample s t tests and regression analysis assessed relationships among depression scores and excess weight loss . RESULTS Participants receiving behavioral-motivational intervention scored significantly lower on Beck 's Depression Inventory question naire scores than those receiving st and ard care . For those with depressive symptoms at r and omization , 24 % of participants who received the comprehensive intervention reported no depressive symptoms at 12 months after surgery , compared with 6 % of those who received st and ard care ( P < .001 ) . Patients ' depressive mood improvement was significantly and positively associated with excess weight loss and attendance at educational sessions ( P < .001 ) . CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATION S Findings support the importance of post-bariatric comprehensive behavioral-motivational nutrition education for decreasing risk for depression and improving weight loss INTRODUCTION Obesity has been described as a risk factor for the development of coronary artery disease , but it has not been determined whether obesity is associated with adverse outcomes after cardiac surgery . Therefore , we analyzed a large cohort of patients who had undergone cardiac surgery to determine whether obesity is a predictor of mortality , morbidity or early readmission to hospital . METHODS At the London Health Sciences Centre , an academic tertiary care centre , we prospect ively entered data from the cardiac surgical data base from July 1999 to April 2002 . We collected data on 1310 consecutive , unselected patients who underwent cardiac surgery during that time . We assessed the degree of obesity using the body mass index ( BMI ) , and we prospect ively documented the occurrence of 10 major complications after surgery . They included stroke , reoperation for bleeding , life-threatening cardiac arrest or arrhythmia , new renal failure requiring dialysis , septicemia , mediastinitis , sternal dehiscence , respiratory failure , postoperative myocardial infa rct ion and low cardiac output necessitating intra-aortic balloon pump use . Univariable and multivariable analyses were conducted to determine the factors associated with and predictive of postoperative death and major complications . RESULTS An increased BMI did not increase the risk of early postoperative death . Furthermore , increased BMI was not a predictor of a patient experiencing any of the major complications , except sternal dehiscence . An increased BMI was associated with a higher likelihood of readmission to hospital within 30 days of discharge . CONCLUSION Obesity was not associated with adverse outcomes after cardiac operations , aside from the increased risks of sternal dehiscence and early hospital readmission BACKGROUND Weight loss is associated with short-term amelioration and prevention of metabolic and cardiovascular risk , but whether these benefits persist over time is unknown . METHODS The prospect i ve , controlled Swedish Obese Subjects Study involved obese subjects who underwent gastric surgery and contemporaneously matched , conventionally treated obese control subjects . We now report follow-up data for subjects ( mean age , 48 years ; mean body-mass index , 41 ) who had been enrolled for at least 2 years ( 4047 subjects ) or 10 years ( 1703 subjects ) before the analysis ( January 1 , 2004 ) . The follow-up rate for laboratory examinations was 86.6 percent at 2 years and 74.5 percent at 10 years . RESULTS After two years , the weight had increased by 0.1 percent in the control group and had decreased by 23.4 percent in the surgery group ( P<0.001 ) . After 10 years , the weight had increased by 1.6 percent and decreased by 16.1 percent , respectively ( P<0.001 ) . Energy intake was lower and the proportion of physically active subjects higher in the surgery group than in the control group throughout the observation period . Two- and 10-year rates of recovery from diabetes , hypertriglyceridemia , low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , hypertension , and hyperuricemia were more favorable in the surgery group than in the control group , whereas recovery from hypercholesterolemia did not differ between the groups . The surgery group had lower 2- and 10-year incidence rates of diabetes , hypertriglyceridemia , and hyperuricemia than the control group ; differences between the groups in the incidence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertension were undetectable . CONCLUSIONS As compared with conventional therapy , bariatric surgery appears to be a viable option for the treatment of severe obesity , result ing in long-term weight loss , improved lifestyle , and , except for hypercholesterolemia , amelioration in risk factors that were elevated at baseline The purpose of this study was to determine whether pre- to postoperative increases in physical activity ( PA ) are associated with weight loss and health-related quality of life ( HRQoL )  following bariatric surgery . Participants were 199 Roux-en-Y gastric bypass ( RYGB ) surgery patients . The International Physical Activity Question naire ( IPAQ ) was used to categorize participants into three groups according to their preoperative and /1-year postoperative PA level : ( i ) Inactive/Active ( < 200-min/week/>or=200-min/week ) , ( ii ) Active/Active ( > or=200-min/week/>or=200-min/week ) and ( iii ) Inactive/Inactive ( < 200-min/week/<200-min/week ) . The  Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 ( SF-36 ) was used to assess HRQoL. Analyses of covariance were conducted to examine the effects of PA group on weight and HRQoL changes . Inactive/Active participants , compared with Inactive/Inactive individuals , had greater reductions in weight ( 52.5 + /- 15.4 vs. 46.4 + /- 12.8 kg ) and BMI ( 18.9 + /- 4.6 vs. 16.9 + /- 4.2 kg/m(2 ) ) . Weight loss outcomes in the Inactive/Active and Active/Active groups were similar to each other . Inactive/Active and Active/Active participants reported greater improvements than Inactive/Inactive participants on the mental component summary ( MCS ) score and the general health , vitality and mental health domains ( P < 0.01 ) . Although the direction of causation is not clear , these findings suggest that RYGB patients who become active postoperatively achieve weight losses and HRQoL improvements that are greater than those experienced by patients who remain inactive and comparable to those attained by patients who stay active . Future r and omized controlled trials should examine whether assisting patients who are inactive preoperatively to increase their PA postoperatively contributes to optimization of weight loss and HRQoL outcomes The study objectives were to assess 2-year changes in health-related quality of life ( HRQL ) after gastric bypass in patients with severe obesity and to analyze HRQL improvements in relation to weight loss after bariatric surgery . This was a prospect i ve intervention study with consecutive patients referred to two bariatric surgical units in the Basque Country . We used both generic ( Short Form Health Survey , SF-36 and EuroQol , EQ-5D ) , and specific question naires ( Moorehead-Ardelt , MA II and Obesity-related Problems Scale , OP ) . Effect sizes and receiver operating characteristic ( ROC ) curves were calculated to assess the change in quality of life . Spearman ’s correlation coefficient was calculated to assess whether there was an association between changes in body mass index ( BMI ) and HRQL . Of 82 patients who underwent surgery , 79 were followed-up for 2 years . Mean weight loss was 37 % of body weight ( 49 kg ) and BMI fell from 50.6 to 31.8 . The initial problems and final improvements were greater in the physical dimensions . Considerable benefits were observed in assessment s with all the instruments used . However , the changes in weight/ BMI and HRQL were not linear . The comparison with general population showed a similar profile in SF-36 dimensions after surgery . Severely obese patients have lower perceived health across all dimensions of quality of life . Moreover , the impact on functioning is so important that severe obesity can be described as a cause of disability that disappears 2 years after surgical treatment . ROC curves indicate that most of the HRQL measures are poor predictors of change in terms of reduction in body weight or BMI OBJECTIVE To investigate the effects of surgically induced weight loss on exercise capacity in patients with morbid obesity ( MO ) . RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES A prospect i ve 1-year follow-up study was carried out , with patients being their own controls . A symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise stress test was performed in 31 MO patients ( BMI > 40 kg/m2 ) before and 1 year after undergoing bariatric surgery .  RESULTS At 1 year after surgery , weight was reduced from 146 + /- 33 to 95 + /- 19 kg ( p < 0.001 ) , and BMI went from 51 + /- 4 to 33 + /- 6 kg/m2 ( p < 0.001 ) . After weight loss , obese patients performed each workload with lower oxygen consumption , heart rate , systolic arterial pressure , and ventilatory volume ( p < 0.001 ) . This reduced energy expenditure allowed them to increase the duration of their effort test from 13.8 + /- 3.8 to 21 + /- 4.2 minutes ( p < 0.001 ) . Upon finishing the exercise , MO patients before surgery were able to reach only 83 % of their age-predicted maximal heart rate , and their respiratory exchange ratio was 0.87 + /- 0.06 . After weight loss , those values were 90 % and 1 + /- 0.08 , respectively ( p < 0.01 ) . When we compared the peak O2 pulse corrected by fat free mass before and after surgery , no significant differences between the groups were found . DISCUSSION After surgically induced weight loss , MO patients markedly improved their exercise capacity . This is due to the fact that they were able to perform the external work with lower energy expenditure and also to increase cardiovascular stress , optimizing the use of cardiac reserve . There were no differences in cardiac function before and after surgery BACKGROUND There is a lack of adequate prospect i ve data on quality -of-life ( QOL ) and its predictors in patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy ( LSG ) .  The aim of this study was to assess longitudinal changes in QOL after LSG with the use of the obesity-specific Moorehead-Ardelt II question naire ( MAII ) and to identify clinical parameters associated with QOL outcome . METHODS Morbidly obese patients consecutively admitted for LSG , over a 30-month period , were prospect ively studied . QOL was assessed using the vali date d Greek version of the MAII question naire and a visual analogueue scale ( VAS ) , preoperatively and at 6 , 12 , and 24 months postoperatively . Anthropometric data and obesity-related co-morbidities were recorded . RESULTS A total of 111 patients with a mean age 36.8±9.2 years were included . Mean preoperative body mass index ( BMI ) was 49.1±7.5 kg/m2 . Percentage excess BMI loss ( % EBL ) was 51.1±14.9 , 64.2±17.9 and 66.4±18.0 at 6 , 12 , and 24 months , respectively . Postoperatively , all obesity-related co-morbidities were significantly improved . MAII score increased from -.40±1.30 preoperatively to 1.75±.83 , 2.18±.80 , and 1.95±.71 at 6 , 12 , and 24 months postoperatively ( trend P<.001 ) . Preoperative median ( interquartile range ) VAS was 3 ( 1 ) increasing to 9 ( 2 ) , 10 ( 1 ) , and 9 ( 1 ) at 6 , 12 , and 24 months postoperatively ( P<.001 ) . % EBL and reduction in obesity-related co-morbidities , especially resolution of diabetes and sleep apnea , correlated significantly with higher QOL during the course of the study . CONCLUSION LSG , a safe and effective bariatric operation , results in sustained weight loss and significant improvements in QOL . Both weight loss and amelioration of co-morbidities contribute to higher level of postsurgical QOL
However , the existing evidence does suggest that bariatric surgery has a generally positive impact on occupational outcomes .
This suggests that surgery may have wider economic , social and psychological benefits above and beyond its immediate health benefits
Introduction Obesity has been linked with reduced productivity in the workplace and is associated with higher levels of unemployment and absenteeism .
Studies have shown improvement in functioning and enhanced activity levels in patients after bariatric surgery .
Objectives We perform a systematic review and meta- analysis of the literature to assess the impact of bariatric surgery on occupational outcomes .