In situ assessment of effects of the bromide- and fluoride-incorporating adhesive systems on biofilm and secondary caries. Paucity of Nanolayering in Resin-Dentin Interfaces of MDP-based Adhesives In situ anticariogenic effect of adhesive systems containing fluoride and MDPB. Adhesion of 10-MDP containing resin cements to dentin with and without the etch-and-rinse technique Micromorphological spectrum from overdrying to overwetting acid-conditioned dentin in water-free acetone-based, single-bottle primer/adhesives. Clinical Status of Ten Dentin Adhesive Systems In situ antimicrobial activity and inhibition of secondary caries of self-etching adhesives containing an antibacterial agent and/or fluoride. Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate and Shear Bond Strength of Adhesives to Primary Teeth Enamel Effect of a self-etching adhesive containing an antibacterial monomer on clinical periodontal parameters and subgingival microbiologic composition in orthodontic patients. The use of collagen cross-linking agents to enhance dentin bond strength. In vitro bond strengths of resin modified glass ionomer cements and composite resin self-cure adhesives: introduction of an adhesive system with increased bond strength and inhibition of decalcification. Influence of a hydrophobic resin coating on the immediate and 6-month dentin bonding of three universal adhesives. Influence of sodium hypochlorite and EDTA on the microtensile bond strength of a self-etching adhesive system Effect of haemostatic agent application on the shear bond strength of contemporary/multi-mode adhesive systems. Resin-dentin shear bond strength and interfacial ultrastructure with and without a hybrid layer. Effect of various surface conditioning methods on the adhesion of dual-cure resin cement with MDP functional monomer to zirconia after thermal aging. Effect of Adhesive Cementation Strategies on the Bonding of Y-TZP to Human Dentin.
AIM This in situ study assessed the effects of adhesive systems containing or not fluoride and /or the antibacterial monomer 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinium bromide ( MDPB ) on the microbiological composition of dental biofilm and enamel demineralization . MATERIAL S AND METHODS During two phases of 14 days , ten volunteers wore intraoral palatal appliances containing two slabs of human enamel according to a double-blind , crossover design . The slabs were r and omly restored using a composite resin and one of the following adhesive systems : All-Bond SE(TM ) ( self-etch , fluoride/MDPB free adhesive , AB ) and Clearfl Protect Bond ( self-etch containing fluoride and MDPB adhesive , CB ) . The biofilm formed on the slabs was analyzed with regard to total and mutans streptococci and lactobacilli counts . Demineralization represented by integrated area of hardness × lesion depth Delta S ( ΔS ) was determined on enamel by analysis of cross-sectional microhardness , at 20 and 70 μm from the restoration margin . Data were analyzed by ANOVA . RESULTS No statistically significant difference was found either in enamel demineralization or in the microbiological composition of dental biofilm . CONCLUSION All adhesive systems containing or not fluoride and /or MDPB tested were unable to inhibit secondary caries in the in situ model used in the present research Self-assembled nanolayering structures have been reported in resin-dentin interfaces created by adhesives that contain 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate ( 10-MDP ) . These structures have been hypothesized to contribute to bond durability . The objective of the present study was to determine the extent of nanolayering in resin-dentin interfaces after application of commercialized  10-MDP-containing self-etch and universal adhesives to human dentin . Seven commercialized adhesives were examined :  Adhese Universal ( Ivoclar-Vivadent ) , All-Bond Universal ( Bisco , Inc. ) , Clearfil SE Bond 2 , Clearfil S3 Bond Plus , Clearfil Universal Bond ( all from Kuraray Noritake Dental Inc. ) , G-Premio Bond ( GC Corp. ) , and Scotchbond Universal ( 3 M ESPE ) . Each adhesive was applied in the self-etch mode on midcoronal dentin according to the respective manufacturer ’s instructions . Bonded specimens ( n = 6 ) were covered with flowable resin composite , processed for transmission electron microscopy , and examined at 30 r and om sites without staining . Thin-film glancing angle X-ray diffraction ( XRD ) was used to detect the characteristic peaks exhibited by nanolayering ( n = 4 ) . The control consisted of 15%wt , 10%wt , and 5%wt 10-MDP ( DM Healthcare Products , Inc. ) dissolved in a mixed solvent ( ethanol and water weight ratio 9:8 , with photoinitiators ) . Experimental primers were applied to dentin for 20 s , covered with hydrophobic resin layer , and examined in the same manner . Profuse nanolayering with highly ordered periodicity ( ~3.7 nm wide ) was observed adjacent to partially dissolved apatite crystallites in dentin treated with the 15 % 10-MDP primer . Three peaks in the 2θ range of 2.40 ° ( 3.68 nm ) , 4.78 ° ( 1.85 nm ) , and 7.18 ° ( 1.23 nm ) were identified from thin-film XRD . Reduction in the extent of nanolayering was observed in the 10 % and 5 % 10-MDP experimental primer-dentin interface along with lower intensity XRD peaks . Nanolayering and characteristic XRD peaks were rarely observed in specimens prepared from the commercialized adhesives . The sparsity of nanolayering in resin-dentin interfaces created by commercialized adhesives challenges its clinical effectiveness as a mechanism for improving bond longevity in dentin bonding PURPOSE To evaluate in situ the anticariogenic effect of fluoride and MDPB containing adhesive systems at the restoration interface , by microhardness tests . METHODS 120 fragments containing preparations for resin composite restorations performed at the cemento-enamel junction were r and omly distributed among the adhesive systems to be tested . The adhesive systems were applied in accordance with the manufacturers ' instructions : Optibond FL , Adper Single Bond 2 , Prime & Bond 2.1 , Optibond Solo Plus , Adper Prompt , Clearfil Protect Bond and restored with the nanoparticulate resin composite Z350 .  Twenty volunteers used a palatal appliance containing fragments restored with each adhesive system for 21 days , and applied 20 % sucrose on them eight times a day to simulate a high cariogenic challenge . Microhardness tests were performed at different depths ( 20 microm , 40 microm and 60 microm from the occlusal margin of the restoration ) and at different distances ( 100 microm , 200 microm and 300 microm from the adhesive interface ) . RESULTS ANOVA showed that for enamel , there was significant difference between the adhesive systems ( P=0.0106 ) ; the interaction adhesive system*distance was a significant ( P=0.0006 ) , and the one-step self-etching adhesive system containing fluoride ( Adper Prompt ) presented a higher anticariogenic effect . However , for dentin , the adhesive system used did not interfere in decreasing the severity of caries formation PURPOSE This study evaluated the adhesion of 10-MDP containing self-etch and self-adhesive resin cements to dentin with and without the use of etch- and -rinse technique . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Human third molars ( N=180 ) were r and omly divided into 6 groups ( n=30 per group ) . Conventional ( Panavia F2.0 , Kuraray-PAN ) and self-adhesive resin cements ( Clearfil SA , Kuraray-CSA ) were bonded to dentin surfaces either after application of 3-step etch- and -rinse ( 35 % H3PO4 + ED Primer ) or two-step self-etch adhesive resin ( Clearfil SE Bond ) . Specimens were subjected to shear bond strength test using the universal testing machine ( 0.5 mm/min ) . The failure types were analyzed using a stereomicroscope and quality of hybrid layer was observed under a scanning electron microscope . The data ( MPa ) were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey 's tests ( α=.05 ) . RESULTS Overall , PAN adhesive cement showed significantly higher mean bond strength ( 12.5 ± 2.3 - 14.1 ± 2.4 MPa ) than CSA cement ( 9.3 ± 1.4 - 13.9 ± 1.9 MPa ) ( P<.001 ) . Adhesive failures were more frequent in CSA cement groups when used in conjunction with two-step self-adhesive ( 68 % ) or no adhesive at all ( 66 % ) . Hybrid layer quality was inferior in CSA compared to PAN cement in all conditions . CONCLUSION In clinical situations where bonding to dentin substrate is crucial , both conventional and self-adhesive resin cements based on 10-MDP can benefit from etch- and -rinse technique to achieve better quality of adhesion in the early clinical period OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to illustrate and define the micromorphological spectrum which exists at the resin-dentin interface when two water-free , acetone-based , single-bottle primer/adhesive systems ( One-Step , Bisco , and Prime & Bond , Dentsply/L.D. Caulk ) were applied to acid-conditioned dentin under different dry and wet bonding conditions . METHODS Forty-eight 1 mm dentin discs were each conditioned with 10 % phosphoric acid and rinsed for 20 s. They were r and omly divided into 4 groups based upon the status of the remaining surface moisture ; Group I ( 30 s dry ) ; Group II ( 3 s dry ) ; Group III ( blot dry ) and Group IV ( overwet ) . Bonded dentin disc pairs were then demineralized in EDTA and embedded in epoxy resin for transmission electron microscopic examination . RESULTS The micromorphological spectra of the two bonding systems were essentially similar . Both were effected by even mild desiccation ( 3 s ) , result ing in incomplete intertubular resin infiltration . Optimal intertubular resin infiltration was achieved when the collagen network was kept moist and appeared relatively unaffected by the presence of excess surface moisture . On the other h and , intratubular resin infiltration was severely compromised in the presence of excess water within the dentinal tubules and at their openings in the dentin surface . The continuity of the resin layer deteriorated ; blister-like spaces formed on the dentin surface and resin globules were found around the tubular orifices and on the surface of the hybrid layer . In addition , a complex phase separation pattern was observed in Prime & Bond that was characterized by phase inversion in the presence of surface moisture . SIGNIFICANCE The " window of opportunity " for optimal interfacial integrity for both water-free systems appeared to depend upon keeping the demineralized collagen network moist , coupled with the complete evaporation of excess and " displaced " water from tissues prior to light-curing the prime/adhesives Laboratory testing of dentin adhesive systems still requires corroboration by long-term clinical trials for their ultimate clinical effectiveness to be vali date d. The objective of this clinical investigation was to evaluate , retrospectively , the clinical effectiveness of earlier-investigated dentin adhesive systems ( Scotchbond , Gluma , Clearf il New Bond , Scotchbond 2 , Tenure , and Tripton ) , and to compare their clinical results with those obtained with four modern total-etch adhesive systems ( Bayer exp . 1 and 2 , Clearfil Liner Bond System , and Scotchbond Multi- Purpose ) . In total , 1177 Class V cervical lesions in the teeth of 346 patients were restored following two cavity design s : In Group A , enamel was neither beveled nor intentionally etched , as per ADA guidelines ; in Group B , adjacent enamel was beveled and conditioned . Clinical retention rates definitely indicated the improved clinical efficacy of the newest dentin adhesives over the earlier systems . With regard to adhesion strategy , adhesive systems that removed the smear layer and concurrently demineralized the dentin surface layer performed clinical ly better than systems that modified the disorderly layer of smear debris without complete removal . Hybridization by resin interdiffusion into the exposed dentinal collagen layer , combined with attachment of resin tags into the opened dentin tubules , appeared to be essential for reliable dentin bonding but might be insufficient by itself . The additional formation of an elastic bonding area as a polymerization shrinkage absorber and the use of a microfine restorative composite apparently guaranteed an efficient clinical result . The perfect one-year retention recorded for Clearfil Liner Bond System and Scotchbond Multi- Purpose must be confirmed at later recalls PURPOSE To evaluate the in situ effect of fluoride and MDPB-containing adhesives on antibacterial activity around  restorations in conditions of high caries risk . METHODS Bovine enamel and dentin blocks were restored with a fluoride-containing ( One-up Bond F Plus - OP ) or a MDPB and fluoride-containing adhesive ( Clearfil Protect Bond - PB ) .  Volunteers ( n = 17 ) wore an intra-oral appliance containing three enamel and three dentin blocks , aligned side-by-side and restored with OP or PB and one enamel and dentin block ( controls ) . The cariogenic challenge was carried out in two phases of 14 days each . The counts of total streptococci ( TM ) , mutans streptococci ( MS ) and lactobacilli ( LB ) were analyzed in the biofilm formed . Cross-sectional microhardness ( CSM ) and polarized light microscopy ( PLM ) evaluated caries lesions around the restorations and the demineralization extension . Data obtained by CSM testing was analyzed by Split-Split Plot ANOVA ( P < 0.05 ) . PLM and microbiota results were analyzed by Wilcoxon test ( P < 0.05 ) . RESULTS TM and MS counts were highest for the OP enamel restorations , and these presented higher lesion depths than PB in both the enamel and dentin . The CSM in dentin was the lowest at 60 μm from the restoration wall . None of the adhesives prevented demineralization and bacteria growth , but PB reduced the amount of oral pathogens in enamel and demineralization around restorations in enamel and dentin Background : CPP-ACP ( Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ) has an important role in caries prevention in pediatric patients . This study was done , because of the great use of CPP-ACP and the need for restoration for teeth treated with CPP-ACP as well as the importance of shear bond strength of adhesives in the success of restorations . Objectives : This study aim ed to evaluate the effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate ( CPP-ACP ) on shear bond strength of dental adhesives to enamel of primary teeth molars . Material s and Methods : This in vitro study was conducted on 180 extracted primary molars . They were r and omly divided into 6 groups and each group was divided into 2 subgroups ( treated with CPP-ACP and untreated ) . In subgroups with CPP-ACP , enamel was treated with CPP-ACP paste 1 h/d for 5 days . Types of adhesives that were evaluated in this study were Tetric N-Bond , AdheSE , AdheSE One F , single Bond 2 , SE Bond , and Adper Prompt L-Pop . Shear bond strength was tested with a universal testing machine and mode of failure was evaluated under stereomicroscope . Data were analyzed by T test , 2-way analysis of variance ( ANOVA ) , Tukey and Fisher exact test using SPSS18 . P < 0.05 was considered as significance level . Results : Shear bond strengths of different adhesive systems to enamel of primary teeth treated and untreated with CPP-ACP showed no significant difference ( P > 0.05 ) . Mode of failure in all groups regardless of CPP-ACP administration was mainly adhesive type . Our results indicated that CPP-ACP did not affect shear bond strength of studied adhesives to primary teeth enamel . Conclusions : To have a successful and durable composite restoration , having a high strength bonding is essential . Considering the wide use of CPP-ACP in preventing tooth decay and the role of adhesive shear bond strength ( SBS ) in success of composite restoration , we conducted the present study to evaluate the effect of CPP-ACP on the SBS of adhesives to primary teeth enamel INTRODUCTION The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of a self-etching adhesive system containing an antibacterial monomer on  periodontal health and subgingival microbiologic composition in orthodontic patients and to compare it with a conventional adhesive system . METHODS A split-mouth design was chosen , and 15 patients were included in the study . Brackets in contralateral quadrants were bonded with either a conventional adhesive system ( control ) or a self-etching adhesive system that contained an antibacterial monomer . Clinical periodontal parameters including plaque index , gingival index , probing depths , and bleeding on probing were determined . Subgingival plaque sample s were collected before bracket placement ( T0 ) and at the 6-month follow-up ( T1 ) . The real-time TaqMan polymerase chain reaction assay was used to determine the subgingival counts of Porphyromonas gingivalis , Tannerella forsythensis , Prevotella intermedia , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans , Fusobacterium nucleatum , and Campylobacter rectus . For clinical periodontal parameters , analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA ) and , for bacterial counts , Wilcoxon tests were used for statistical comparisons at the P < 0.05 level . RESULTS Clinical periodontal parameters were not changed , and they were not different between the groups from T0 to T1 . T forsythensis and F nucleatum increased during the treatment period in both groups ( P < 0.05 ) . The majority of the bacteria were T nucleatum at T0 and T1 in both groups . Changes in bacterial load from T0 to T1 were not different between groups except for T forsythensis and F nucleatum ( P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS The use of an antibacterial monomer did not have an additional positive effect on clinical periodontal parameters . When used in bonding orthodontic brackets , the antibacterial monomer failed to reduce periodontopathogenic bacteria when compared with the conventional adhesive system during a 6-month treatment period UNLABELLED Type I collagen is a major component of the hybrid layer , and improvement of its mechanical properties may be advantageous during bonding procedures . OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of three different cross-linking agents ( Glutaraldehyde [ GD ] , Grape seed extract [ GSE ] , and Genipin [ GE ] ) on the tensile bond strength ( TBS ) of resin-dentin bonds . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Sixty-four sound human molars were collected and their occlusal surfaces were ground flat to expose dentin . Dentin surfaces were etched using a phosphoric acid and then teeth were r and omly divided according to the dentin treatment : Control group ( no treatment ) , 5 % GD , 6.5 % GSE , or 0.5 % GE . Teeth were restored either with One Step Plus or Adper Single Bond Plus adhesive systems and resin composite . After 24 h , teeth were sectioned to produce a cross-sectional surface area of 1.0 mm(2 ) and tested for tensile bond strength . Data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Fisher 's PLSD tests ( p < 0.05 ) . There was a statistically significant interaction between factors ( treatment and adhesive p < 0.001 ) . Treatment affected TBS ( p < 0.0001 ) , while no differences were observed between the adhesive systems ( p = 0.6961 ) . CONCLUSION Chemical modification to the dentin matrix promoted by GD and GSE , but not GE , result ed in increased bond strength . The application of selective collagen cross-linkers during adhesive restorative procedures may be a new approach to improve dentin bond strength properties This study evaluated the shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index of 5 self-cure adhesives to comparatively evaluate a new adhesive system . Extracted human incisors were r and omly divided into 7 test groups of 20 each .  Incisor mesh-backed brackets were bonded to the tooth specimens in each group with their respective adhesive according to the manufacturer 's instructions . The specimens were thermocycled for 2 weeks at temperatures from 5 degrees to 55 degrees C to simulate oral conditions and debonded using an Instron machine . Acceptable bond strength parameters were present with the Contacto No-Mix ( composite resin containing glass ionomer 8.75 MPa ) and Fuji Ortho SC with acid conditioning ( 6.98 MPa ) . Contacto No-Mix had a higher bond strength ( 11.2 MPa ) when microetching and Megabond were employed than when these adjuncts were not employed . When FUJI Ortho SC specimens were conditioned with polyacrylic acid , they showed a higher bond strength ( 6.98 MPa ) than when bonded to unetched teeth ( 5.41 MPa ) . In test 3 , EXPT-fluoride adhesive ( AF ) demonstrated a higher bond strength ( 13.44 MPa ) than both resin composite Contacto No-Mix ( 8.8 MPa , GAC 7.4 MPa ) and FUJI Ortho SC ( 5.41 MPa ) . Expt AF ( Test 3 ) and Concise had equal bond strengths , however , the former can potentially release fluoride from the glass ionomer . Although the OBJECTIVE To test the influence of a hydrophobic resin coating ( HC ) on the immediate ( 24h ) and 6-month ( 6 m ) microtensile dentin bond strengths ( μTBS ) and nanoleakage ( NL ) of three universal adhesives applied in self-etch ( SE ) or in etch- and -rinse ( ER ) mode . METHODS Sixty caries-free extracted third molars were assigned to 12 experimental groups result ing from the combination of the factors " adhesive system " ( Scotchbond Universal Adhesive [ SBU ] , 3 M ESPE ; All-Bond Universal [ ABU ] , Bisco Inc. ; and G-Bond Plus [ GBP ] , GC Corporation ) ; " adhesive strategy " ( SE or ER ) ; " hydrophobic resin coating " [ HC ] ( with or without Heliobond , Ivoclar Vivadent ) ; and " storage time " ( 24h or 6 m ) . Specimens were prepared for μTBS testing - ( 24h ) half of the beams were immediately tested under tension ; and ( 6 m ) the other half was stored in distilled water ( 37 ° C ) for 6 m prior to testing . For each tooth , two beams were r and omly selected for NL evaluation for both evaluation times . Data were analyzed for each adhesive system using three-way ANOVA and Tukey 's post-hoc test ( α=0.05 ) . RESULTS μTBS : ( 24h ) : In SE mode , HC result ed in statistically greater mean μTBS for all adhesives . ( 6 m ) : When HC was not used the mean μTBS for SBU/ER , ABU/ER , GBP/ER and SBU/SE decreased significantly . NL : ( 24h ) : SBU/ER , ABU/ER and GBP/SE result ed in a significant reduction in NL when HC was applied . ( 6 m ) : No significant reduction was observed for SBU/ER or for SBU/SE regardless of the use of HC . SIGNIFICANCE The application of a hydrophobic resin coating improved the 24h and the 6 m performances of all three adhesives systems in SE mode Chemical substances used during biomechanical preparation of root canals can alter the composition of dentin surface and affect the interaction with restorative material s. Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength ( µTBS ) of a self-etching adhesive system to dentin irrigated with sodium hypochlorite ( NaOCl ) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ( eDTA ) . Material and Methods Thirty human third molars were sectioned 3 mm below the occlusal surface , polished with 600- to 1200-grit silicon carbide papers , and r and omly divided into 3 groups : G1 ( control ) : no irrigating solution ; G2 : 1 % NaOCl ; and G3 : 1 % NaOCl followed by the application of 17 % eDTA . The specimens received the self-etching adhesive system ( XeNO III - Dentsply ) , restored with microhybrid composite resin ( Z250 - 3 M ESPE ) , sectioned and trimmed to create 4 hourglass-shaped slabs of each tooth . The slabs were tested in microtensile strength in a universal testing machine ( emic DL 2000 ) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture . The results were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Newman-Keuls test . Results Mean µTBS values and st and ard deviations in MPa were : G1 = 11.89 ± 4.22 ; G2 = 19.41 ± 5.32 ; G3 = 11.34 ± 4.73 . 1 % NaOCl  increased the adhesive resistance significantly ( p<0.001/ F=22.5763 ) . The application of 1 % NaOCl/17 % eDTA result ed in statistically similar µTBS to the control group . Conclusions None of the irrigants affected negatively the µTBS of XeNO III to dentin . The use of 1 % NaOCl alone result ed in higher bond strength than the other treatments . The combination of 1 % NaOCl and 17 % eDTA produced similar bond strength to that of untreated dentin OBJECTIVES The aim was to determine the effect of blood contamination and haemostatic agent application on the shear bond strength ( SBS ) of different adhesives to dentin . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Seventy-two extracted human molars were used in this study . Teeth were mounted acrylic in moulds . Mesial and distal surfaces were removed to obtain flat dentin surfaces ( n=144 ) and grinded with a 600 grit s and paper . The sample s were r and omly divided into three main groups ( N=48 ) based on the adhesive system and application procedures . GROUP 1 : No contamination ( control ) , GROUP 2 : Blood contamination , GROUP 3 : Blood Contamination+Haemostatic agent application . Each group was further divided into four subgroups : SUBGROUP I : Single Bond 2 ( etch- and -rinse ) Subgroup II : Clearfil SE Bond ( two-step self-etch ) Subgroup III : Single Bond Universal ( multimode , etch- and -rinse ) subgroup IV : Single Bond Universal ( multimode , all-in-one self-etch ) ( n=12 ) . Resin cylinders ( Filtek Z550 ) were bonded to the dentin surfaces according to the manufacturers ' instructions . A shear load was applied to the specimens using universal testing machine at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min until failure . Data were analyzed statistically ( p<0.05 ) . RESULTS Statistically significant differences were observed between no contamination ( control ) and blood + haemostatic agent contamination groups for both Single Bond 2 ( etch- and -rinse ) and Single Bond Universal ( multimode , all-in-one self-etch ) ( p<0.05 ) . When the adhesive systems were compared to each other , no statistically significant differences were found in all contamination groups and control group for the mean SBS values ( p>0.05 ) . CONCLUSION When blood contamination is inevitable two step self- etching adhesive systems may be the choice of adhesive system in terms of shear bond strength The purpose of this study was ( 1 ) to evaluate the effect of a 2-minute exposure of 5 % NaOCl following acid conditioning of the dentin on the shear bond strength for two adhesive systems and ( 2 ) to examine the ultrastructure of the resindentin interface under SEM . The mesial and distal surfaces of 28 extracted human third molars were ground to expose dentin , then polished with 600-grit SiC. Teeth were r and omly assigned to four test groups ( n = 14 ) and received the following treatments : Scotchbond Multi- Purpose (SBMP)-- Sample s were conditioned with 37 % phosphoric acid , rinsed and left moist , SBMP primer and adhesive were applied according to the manufacturer 's directions , and Restorative Z-100 composite resin was bonded to the dentin surface . SBMP/NaOCl -- The same procedures were followed as for SBMP except the surfaces were treated with 5 % NaOCl for 2 minutes , after acid conditioning . All-Bond 2 (AB2)--The same technique was followed as for SBMP , using AB2 according to the manufacturer 's recommendations . AB2/NaOCl -- The same procedure was followed as for SBMP/NaOCl , using AB2 . Specimens were thermocycled in a water bath 300 times between 5 degrees-55 degrees C , then sheared in a Zwick Universal Testing Machine . A one-way ANOVA and Duncan 's Multiple Range Test were used for statistical analysis of the data . A 2-minute exposure of dentin to 5 % NaOCl following acid conditioning of the dentin had no significant effect on the dentin shear bond strength for Scotchbond Multi- Purpose , but significantly increased the bond strength of All-Bond 2 specimens . The interfacial structure of the dentin to resin bond for two dentin treatments and two adhesive systems was studied morphologically under the scanning electron microscope . Argon ion beam etching and acid demineralization clearly revealed the hybrid layer for the conventional treatment with phosphoric acid and indicated an absence of this resin-impregnated collagen network in those specimens treated with both phosphoric acid and NaOCl This study evaluated the effect of chairside and laboratory types of surface conditioning methods on the adhesion of dual-cure resin cement with MDP functional monomer to zirconia ceramic after thermocycling . Disk-shaped ( diameter : 10 mm , thickness : 2 mm ) Y-TZP ceramics ( Lava , 3 M ESPE ) were used ( N=40 ) and finished with wet 1200-grit silicon carbide abrasive paper . Specimens were r and omly divided into four experimental groups according to the following surface conditioning methods ( n=10 per group ) : Group 1 - -Chairside airborne particle abrasion with 50-microm Al2O2 + Alloy Primer ( Kuraray ) ; Group 2 - -Airborne particle abrasion with 50-microm Al2O3 + Cesead II Opaque Primer ( Kuraray ) ; Group 3 - -Airborne particle abrasion with 50-microm A12O3 + Silano-Pen + silane coupling agent ( Bredent ) ; Group 4 - -Laboratory tribochemical silica coating ( 110-microm Al2O3 + 110-microm SiOx ) ( Rocatec ) + silane coupling agent ( ESPE-Sil ) . Adhesive cement , Panavia F 2.0 ( Kuraray ) , was bonded incrementally to the ceramic surfaces using polyethylene molds ( diameter : 3.6 mm , height : 5 mm ) . All specimens were thermocycled ( 5 and 55 degrees C , 6,000 cycles ) and subjected to shear bond strength test ( 1 mm/min ) . Data were statistically analyzed ( one-way ANOVA , alpha=0.05 ) , whereby no significant differences were found among the four groups ( 8.43+/-1.3 , 8.98+/-3.6 , 12.02+/-6.7 , and 8.23+/-3.8 MPa ) ( p=0.1357 ) . Therefore , the performance of chairside conditioning methods used for zirconia was on par with the laboratory alternative tested This study evaluated the effects of different adhesive strategies on the adhesion of zirconia to dentin using conventional and self-adhesive cements and their corresponding adhesive resins . The occlusal parts of human molars ( N=80 ) were sectioned , exposing the dentin . The teeth and zirconia cylinders ( N=80 ) ( diameter=3.4 mm ; height=4 mm ) were r and omly divided into eight groups according to the factors " surface conditioning " and " cement type " ( n=10 per group ) . One conventional cement ( CC : RelyX ARC , 3 M ESPE ) and one self-adhesive cement ( SA : RelyX U200 , 3 M ESPE ) and their corresponding adhesive resin ( for CC , Adper Single Bond Plus ; for SA , Scotchbond Universal Adhesive-SU ) were applied on dentin . Zirconia specimens were conditioned either using chairside ( CJ : CoJet , 30 μm , 2.5 bar , four seconds ) , laboratory silica coating ( RC : Rocatec , 110 μm , 2.5 bar , four seconds ) , or universal primer ( Single Bond Universal-UP ) . Nonconditioned groups for both cements acted as the control ( C ) . Specimens were stored in water ( 37 ° C , 30 days ) and subjected to shear bond strength ( SBS ) testing ( 1 mm/min ) . Data ( MPa ) were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance and a Tukey test ( α=0.05 ) . While surface conditioning significantly affected the SBS values ( p=0.0001 ) ( C < RC = CJ = UP ) , cement type did not ( p=0.148 ) ( CC = SA ) . The interaction terms were significant ( p=0.014 ) . Failure types were predominantly adhesive . Air-abrasion and the use of the universal primer improved the bond strength of zirconia to dentin compared to the control group , regardless of the type of resin cement used
The 10-MDP monomer has the capacity to produce an acid-base resistant zone on the adhesive interface , which increases the response to acid-base challenges .
The adhesion established by these systems is stable over time .
The incorporation of functional monomers in dental adhesive systems promotes chemical interaction with dental substrates , result ing in higher adhesion forces when compared to micromechanical adhesion only .
The 10-MDP monomer , whose chemical structure allows for a polar behavior which is favorable to adhesion , also promotes the protection of collagen fibers through the formation of MDP-calcium salts .
This systematic review aim ed to characterize the interface created by 10-MDP containing adhesive systems through an evaluation of the following parameters : Formation of nano-layered structures , capacity to produce an acid-base resistant zone , and adhesion stability .