An evaluation of the effectiveness and short-term stability of an innovative Australian day patient programme for eating disorders. Mindful decision making and inhibitory control training as complementary means to decrease snack consumption Evaluation of a Planned Behavior Theory-Based Intervention Programme to Promote Healthy Eating Behavioral techniques in the treatment of obesity: a comparative analysis. The effects of psychoeducation on disturbed eating attitudes and behavior in young women with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Protocol for systematic reviews of determinants/correlates of obesity-related dietary and physical activity behaviors in young children (preschool 0 to 6 years): evidence mapping and syntheses Approach Bias Modification in Food Craving-A Proof-of-Concept Study. Motivational enhancement therapy and self-help treatment for binge eaters. Enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy for eating disorders adapted for a group setting Impact of short-term refeeding on appetite and meal experiences in new onset adolescent eating disorders Utilization of empirically supported psychotherapy treatments for individuals with eating disorders: A survey of psychologists. A randomized clinical trial comparing delivery of behavioral pediatric obesity treatment using standard and enhanced motivational approaches. Evaluation of a school-based program designed to improve body image satisfaction, global self-esteem, and eating attitudes and behaviors: a replication study. An exploration of obese observational learning in modifying selected eating responses of obese children. Reducing eating disorder onset in a very high risk sample with significant comorbid depression: A randomized controlled trial. A preliminary controlled evaluation of an eating disturbance psychoeducational intervention for college students. What are the effects of providing evidence-based information on eating disorders and their treatments? A randomized controlled trial in a symptomatic community sample.
There is a dearth of literature evaluating day patient treatment for  eating disorders  based upon the targeted goals of treatment , to conclude that day patient programmes are effective . This study aim ed to explore the effectiveness of an innovative day patient programme by examining whether the seven key treatment goals improved across treatment and were maintained 3 months after discharge . Of the 58 participants who completed measures assessing BMI , eating disorder cognitions , behaviours , core beliefs , readiness to change , quality of life and perpetuating factors at admission , discharge and follow-up , 44 completed the day programme with 14 non-completers . The results demonstrated that all seven treatment goals improved across treatment and the improvements were maintained or further improved at 3 month follow-up . The results are discussed in context of the published day patient programme literature with implication s for future research to maximise optimal treatment outcomes from day patient treatment OBJECTIVE Obesity is largely attributable to excess caloric intake , in particular from " junk " foods , including salty snack foods . Evidence suggests that neurobiological preferences to consume highly hedonic foods translate ( via implicit processes ) into poor eating choices , unless overturned by inhibitory mechanisms or interrupted by explicit processes . The primary aim of the current study was to test the independent and combinatory effects of a computerized inhibitory control training ( ICT ) and a mindful decision-making training ( MDT ) design ed to facilitate de-automatization . METHODS We r and omized 119 habitual salty snack food eaters to one of four short , training conditions : MDT , ICT , both MDT and ICT , or neither ( i.e. ,  psychoeducation ) . For 7 days prior to the intervention and 7 days following the intervention , participants reported on their salty snack food consumption 2 times per day , on 3 portions of their days , using a smartphone-based ecological momentary assessment system . Susceptibility to emotional eating cues was measured at baseline . RESULTS Results indicated that the effect of MDT was consistent across levels of trait emotional eating , whereas the benefit of ICT was apparent only at lower levels of emotional eating . No synergistic effect of MDT and ICT was detected . CONCLUSIONS These results provide qualified support for the efficacy of both types of training for decreasing hedonically-motivated eating . Moderation effects suggest that those who eat snack foods for reasons unconnected to affective experiences ( i.e. , lower in emotional eating ) may derive benefit from a combination of ICT and MDT . Future research should investigate the additive benefit of de-automization training to st and ard weight loss interventions The objective of the study was to test the effectiveness of an intervention program based on the theoretical framework of the Theory of Planned Behavior , with the addition of attitude strength and role identity . The aim was to alter adolescents '  healthy eating attitudes and behaviour . In the sample were 335 high school students , who were divided into intervention and control groups . The intervention lasted 12 weeks and included posters and lectures promoting healthy eating . The measures included a question naire assessing the hypothesis and a food frequency question naire which measured eating habits . Analysis showed the intervention was effective in improving attitudes toward healthy eating and attitude strength , intention , perceived behavioral control , and healthy eating behaviour , but not effective in predicting subjective norms and role identity . Results provide evidence that intervention changed attitudes toward a behavior in a school setting Abstract The relative efficacy of the major techniques typically used in behavioral treatment programs for weight reduction was investigated using obese adult volunteers . Study 1 compared the effects of self-monitoring , self-control procedures , monetary rewards , aversive imagery and relaxation training . These procedures result ed in significantly greater weight reduction than either a no treatment group or subjects who graphed and recorded daily weight . Self-monitoring of daily caloric intake was as effective as the other methods , both singly and combined , over a 4 week treatment period . Study 2 compared the long-term effects of self-monitoring vs the full complement of behavioral techniques used in Study 1 . The full behavior management program was significantly more effective , both during the treatment period and at 3 and 12 week follow-ups , although self-monitoring again produced substantial weight loss OBJECTIVE This study aim ed to evaluate the effect of a six-session psychoeducation ( PE ) program on young women with type 1 diabetes mellitus ( DM ) and disordered eating attitudes and behavior . METHOD Two hundred twelve young women attending a pediatric diabetes clinic were screened for signs of eating disturbance . Of these women , 130 passed the screening and were invited to participate in the intervention phase of the study . Eighty-five subjects were r and omized to the PE or treatment-as-usual group .  Assessment s were conducted before and after treatment and at 6-month follow-up . RESULTS Intention-to-treat group by time multivariate analyses of variance ( MANOVAs ) indicated significant reductions following PE treatment on the Restraint and Eating Concern subscales of the Eating Disorder Examination ( EDE ) and on the Drive for Thinness and Body Dissatisfaction subscales of the Eating Disorder Inventory ( EDI ) , but no improvement in frequency of purging by insulin omission or hemoglobin A1c levels . DISCUSSION The PE group was associated with reductions in eating disturbance , but not with improved metabolic control Background The aim of these review s is to inform the design and content of interventions to reduce obesity in young children . The behaviors that are associated with obesity/overweight have been studied extensively ; however , the factors associated with these behaviors in young children ( 0 to 6 years ) have not been systematic ally review ed . Over the past few years the focus of obesity prevention has shifted to preschool children because of the high prevalence of obesity at school entry and recognition that habits formed in early life could track into adulthood . In order to develop effective interventions and change behavior , it is important to underst and the factors that are associated with those behaviors . For example , we need to underst and whether it would be more important to target the family , childcare setting s or the wider environment and identify the most effective way of changing these energy balance related behaviors . Methods / Design Quantitative ( intervention and observational ) and qualitative literature on determinants/correlates of fruit and vegetable intake , sugar sweetened beverage and other unhealthy diet intake , and physical activity and sedentary behaviors in young children will be systematic ally identified , mapped and review ed . A common search strategy ( no language or period restrictions ) will be used to identify papers from eight electronic data bases and this will be supplemented by h and - search ing . Next , studies in developed countries that examine the factors associated with these behaviors in children aged 0 to 6 years ( at baseline ) will be screened and mapped descriptively followed by in-depth data extraction , quality assessment and synthesis . Data from quantitative studies will be summarized using either forest plots or harvest plots and narrative synthesis , and qualitative studies using thematic analysis . Qualitative evidence will be integrated with the quantitative evidence , using a parallel synthesis approach , to provide a deeper underst and ing of effective strategies to influence these energy balance related behaviors . Discussion In addition to updating and mapping current research , these review s will be the first to comprehensively synthesize and integrate both the quantitative and qualitative evidence pertaining to determinants/correlates/barriers/facilitators of obesity related behaviors in this young age group ( 0 to 6 years ) with the aim of informing future interventions . Systematic review registration International Prospect i ve Register for Systematic Review s ( PROSPERO ) Registration number : The aim of the present proof-of-concept study was to test a novel cognitive bias modification ( CBM ) programme in an analogue sample of people with sub clinical bulimic eating disorder ( ED ) psychopathology . Thirty participants with high levels of trait food craving were trained to make avoidance movements in response to visual food stimuli in an implicit learning paradigm . The intervention comprised ten 15-minute sessions over a 5-week course . At baseline , participants showed approach and attentional biases towards high-caloric palatable food that were both significantly reduced and turned into avoidance biases after the training . Participants also reported pronounced reductions in both trait and cue-elicited food craving and in ED symptoms as well . The overall evaluation of the training by the participants was positive . The specific CBM programme tested in this pilot trial promises to be an effective and feasible way to alter automatic action tendencies towards food in people suffering from bulimic ED psychopathology OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to evaluate whether a single session of motivational enhancement therapy ( MET ) would increase participant readiness to change , improve the efficacy of self-help treatment for binge eaters , and improve participant compliance with the self-help manual . METHOD Participants with bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder were r and omly assigned either to attend a 1-hr MET session prior to receiving the self-help manual ( n = 45 ) or to receive the self-help manual only ( n = 45 ) . Participants were followed for 4 months for assessment of self-reported eating disorder outcome and compliance . RESULTS The MET intervention result ed in increased readiness to change for binge eating compared with the self-help-only ( SH ) condition . Few differences were found between the MET condition and the SH condition for changes in eating attitudes and frequency of binge eating and compensatory behaviors . No significant effects were found for compliance . DISCUSSION This research adds to the literature regarding the use of brief motivational interventions to enhance readiness for change in population s with eating disorders OBJECTIVE This r and omized control trial is an evaluation of the effectiveness of enhanced cognitive behavioral treatment ( CBT-E ) for eating disorders adapted for a group setting . The study aim ed to examine the effects of group CBT-E on eating disorder psychopathology and additional maintaining pathology . METHOD A transdiagnostic sample of individuals with eating disorders with a BMI ≥ 18 kg/m2 ( N = 40 ) were r and omized to an immediate-start or delayed-start condition so as to compare therapeutic effects of group CBT-E with a waitlist control .  Global Eating Disorder Examination Question naire ( EDE-Q ) scores , BMI , and measures of Clinical Perfectionism , Self-Esteem , Interpersonal Difficulties , and Mood Intolerance were measured across the 8-week control period , throughout the group treatment and at 3-months post-treatment . RESULTS Over 70 % of those who entered the trial completed treatment . The first eight weeks of group CBT-E were more effective at reducing Global EDE-Q scores than no treatment ( waitlist control ) . By post-treatment , good outcome ( a Global EDE-Q within 1 SD of Australian community norms plus BMI ≥ 18.5 ) was achieved by 67.9 % of treatment completers and 66.7 % of the total sample . Symptom abstinence within the previous month was reported by 14.3 % of treatment completers and 10.3 % of the total sample . Significant reductions in Clinical Perfectionism , Self-Esteem , Interpersonal Difficulties , and Mood Intolerance were also observed . DISCUSSION This study demonstrated that a group version of CBT-E can be effective at reducing eating disorder psychopathology in a transdiagnostic sample of individuals with eating disorders .  Group CBT-E could provide a means of increasing availability of evidence -based treatment for eating disorders Restrictive eating disorders ( ED ) are increasing and represent a serious risk to the health of adolescent females . Restrictive ED in youth are often treated through aggressive short-term refeeding . Although evidence supports that this intervention is the " gold st and ard " for improving ED outcomes in youth , little research has specifically probed appetite and meal-related responses to this type of intensive , short-term refeeding in newly diagnosed individuals . Information about appetite and meal-related dysfunction could provide valuable insights regarding treatment-interfering features of ED in both acute inpatient and longer-term outpatient treatment . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hunger , fullness , olfactory , and gustatory responses of adolescents with newly-diagnosed restrictive ED and to probe how and when these responses are altered by refeeding . Using a quasi-experimental ecologically valid methodology , this study described and compared profiles of hunger , fullness , olfactory , and gustatory responses in adolescent females ( n = 15 ) with newly diagnosed restrictive ED at hospital admission ( i.e. , severe malnutrition ) and after medical refeeding  , in comparison to healthy controls ( n = 15 ) . Results showed that newly diagnosed ( i.e. , malnourished ) adolescents with ED showed significantly different meal-related experiences than controls . Refeeding improved some of these differences , but not all . Following refeeding , females with ED continued to show lower hunger , greater fullness , and lower pleasantness of smell ratings compared to controls . Unpleasantness of taste ratings maladaptively increased , such that females who were re-fed reported more aversive scents than pre-treatment . Profiles of meal-related responses were also identified and compared between groups . The applicability of these findings are discussed within the context of critical periods of change during refeeding treatment and potentially promising intervention targets that might enhance treatment outcomes for adolescents with newly onset , restrictive ED OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the primary methods used by psychotherapists in treating individuals with eating disorders and to determine the extent to which certain empirically supported psychotherapies ( i.e. , cognitive behavioral therapy [ CBT ] and interpersonal psychotherapy [ IPT ] ) are used in clinical setting s. METHOD Surveys developed for this study were sent to 500 psychologists r and omly selected from a list of all licensed doctoral-level psychologists in an upper midwestern state . RESULTS Despite the findings that CBT techniques were reported to be frequently used , most respondents identified something other than CBT or IPT as their primary theoretical approach . In addition , the majority of respondents indicated not having received training in the use of manual-based , empirically supported treatment approaches  for working with individuals with eating disorders , although most reported a desire to obtain such training . CONCLUSIONS Although commonly referred to as the " treatments of choice " in research literature , manual-based , empirically supported approaches to working with individuals with eating disorders has not received adequate dissemination OBJECTIVE To examine the efficacy of an adjunct motivational and autonomy-enhancing intervention ( self-directed ) for behavioral family-based pediatric obesity relative to the st and ard prescription of uniform behavioral skills use and interventionist goal assignment ( prescribed ) . METHODS In this r and omized clinical trial , 72 overweight/obese children and their parents/caregivers were assigned to either self-directed or prescribed intervention for 20 weeks , with approaches diverging after week 5 . Anthropometric measurements from child and participating parent at baseline , posttreatment , and 3-month , 6-month , 1-year , and 2-year follow-ups were evaluated for change ( n = 59 in follow-up analyses ) . RESULTS The approaches demonstrated similar child body mass index ( BMI ) z-score and parent BMI change from baseline to posttreatment and throughout follow-up , with child and parent weight status lower than baseline at 2 years after treatment cessation . CONCLUSIONS An adjunct motivational and autonomy-enhancing approach to behavioral family-based pediatric obesity treatment is a viable alternative to the st and ard intervention approach OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a life-skills promotion program design ed to improve body image satisfaction and global self-esteem , while reducing negative eating attitudes and behaviors and feelings of perfectionism , all of which have been identified as predisposing factors to disordered eating . METHOD A total of 258 girls with a mean age of 11.8 years ( intervention group = 182 and control group = 76 ) completed question naires before , and 1 week after , the six-session school-based program , and again 6 and 12 months later . RESULTS The intervention was successful in improving body image satisfaction and global self-esteem and in reducing dieting attitude scores at post intervention only . The gains were not maintained at the 12-month follow-up . DISCUSSION The need to assess the influence of health promotion programs on predisposing risk factors , compared with problem-based outcome measures , is discussed The present study investigated the effects of two observational learning paradigms in modifying the eating behavior of obese children . A total of 18 subjects ranging in age from seven to 12 years and in weight from 74 to 160 lb ( 33 to 72 kg ) were r and omly assigned to three conditions . Intervention consisted of four sessions in which subjects viewed videotapes of their baseline eating behaviors compared with a model eating at a reduced speed . Based on the assumption that children may acquire their parents ' eating behaviors , one condition included videotapes of a same-sex adult model . In order to maximize model-observer similarity , subjects in a second treatment condition observed videotapes of themselves eating at a reduced speed . Subjects in the control condition viewed only their baseline eating behavior videotapes .  Dependent measures of eating behavior were found to be significantly affected by both model treatments , while no significant differences were evidence d in the control group OBJECTIVE Eating disorders ( EDs ) are serious problems among college-age women and may be preventable . An indicated online eating disorder ( ED ) intervention , design ed to reduce ED and comorbid pathology , was evaluated . METHOD 206 women ( M age = 20 ± 1.8 years ; 51 % White/Caucasian , 11 % African American , 10 % Hispanic , 21 % Asian/Asian American , 7 % other ) at very high risk for ED onset ( i.e. , with high weight/shape concerns plus a history of being teased , current or lifetime depression , and /or non clinical levels of compensatory behaviors ) were r and omized to a 10-week , Internet-based , cognitive-behavioral intervention or waitlist control . Assessment s included the Eating Disorder Examination ( EDE , to assess ED onset ) , EDE- Question naire , Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Disorders , and Beck Depression Inventory-II . RESULTS ED attitudes and behaviors improved more in the intervention than control group ( p = .02 , d = 0.31 ) ; although ED onset rate was 27 % lower , this difference was not significant ( p = .28 , NNT = 15 ) . In the subgroup with highest shape concerns , ED onset rate was significantly lower in the intervention than control group ( 20 % vs. 42 % , p = .025 , NNT = 5 ) . For the 27 individuals with depression at baseline , depressive symptomatology improved more in the intervention than control group ( p = .016 , d = 0.96 ) ; although ED onset rate was lower in the intervention than control group , this difference was not significant ( 25 % vs. 57 % , NNT = 4 ) . CONCLUSIONS An inexpensive , easily disseminated intervention might reduce ED onset among those at highest risk . Low adoption rates need to be addressed in future research OBJECTIVE Because conventional preventive interventions have had little success in reducing eating pathology , we developed and evaluated a more intensive psychoeducational intervention . METHOD Female college students who underwent this intervention and a matched control sample of students ( N = 66 ) completed pretest and posttest surveys . RESULTS Intervention participants showed significant decreases in thin-ideal internalization , body dissatisfaction , dieting , eating disorder symptoms , and weight over the 4-month study period , whereas matched control participants did not show changes in these outcomes with the exception that they gained weight . DISCUSSION These preliminary findings suggest that this intervention may prove useful in reducing eating disturbances and overweight among college students , as well as the risk factors for this serious mental and physical health problem AIM We hypothesize that a reason for the infrequent uptake of treatments by people with eating disorders is poor knowledge about treatments and outcomes for eating disorders ( ED-Mental Health Literacy ; ED-MHL ) . Our aim was to test putative health benefits of a brief ED-MHL intervention . METHODS In a community-based two-phase survey , 122 young women ( mean age 28.5 SD 6.3 years ) with ED symptoms meeting DSM-IV criteria for clinical severity were r and omized to receive either a brief ED-MHL intervention ( comprising information about efficacious treatments , reputable self-help books and where to go for further information and /or services ) or information about local mental health services only . All were given feedback on their scores on  measures of ED symptoms and quality of life . ED-MHL , ED symptoms and health-related quality of life were assessed prior to the intervention and at 6- and 12-month follow-up . RESULTS One hundred and two participants ( 84 % ) completed follow-up at 12 months . Symptomatic improvement and changes in specific aspects of ED-MHL , namely , less pessimism about how difficult EDs are to treat and improved recognition and knowledge , as well as increased help seeking , were observed in both groups . Differences between groups were uncommon but compared with control participants , those in the intervention group had improved health-related quality of life . CONCLUSIONS A brief community-based intervention aim ed to improve knowledge and beliefs about EDs and their treatments may be a valuable first step in improving health-related outcomes for people with ED , but more research is needed
A wide range of techniques have been evaluated and some show promise for use in weight management interventions .
OBJECTIVE This systematic review aim ed to ( a ) identify and categorize techniques used to modify or manage impulsive processes associated with unhealthy eating behavior , ( b ) describe the mechanisms targeted by such techniques , and ( c ) summarize available evidence on the effectiveness of these techniques .