In vivo nutrigenomic effects of virgin olive oil polyphenols within the frame of the Mediterranean diet: a randomized controlled trial. Natural antioxidant ice cream acutely reduces oxidative stress and improves vascular function and physical performance in healthy individuals. Grape polyphenols exert a cardioprotective effect in pre- and postmenopausal women by lowering plasma lipids and reducing oxidative stress. Enhanced Oxidative Stress and Other Potential Biomarkers for Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetics: Beneficial Effects of the Nutraceutic Supplements Effect of polyphenol-rich grape seed extract on ambulatory blood pressure in subjects with pre- and stage I hypertension. A pilot, randomized controlled trial to examine the health outcomes of raisin consumption in patients with diabetes. Impact of polyunsaturated vegetable oils on adiponectin levels, glycaemia and blood lipids in individuals with type 2 diabetes: a randomised, double-blind intervention study. Aronia berry polyphenol consumption reduces plasma total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in former smokers without lowering biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress: a randomized controlled trial. Coffee polyphenol consumption improves postprandial hyperglycemia associated with impaired vascular endothelial function in healthy male adults. Grape Polyphenols Prevent Fructose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Insulin Resistance in First-Degree Relatives of Type 2 Diabetic Patients Reduced mortality risk by a polyphenol-rich diet: An analysis from the Moli-sani study. Effect of daily supplementation of fruits on oxidative stress indices and glycaemic status in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Complementary therapy in diabetic patients with chronic complications: a pilot study. An antiinflammatory and reactive oxygen species suppressive effects of an extract of Polygonum cuspidatum containing resveratrol. Olive oil polyphenols decrease blood pressure and improve endothelial function in young women with mild hypertension. The effect of acute pre-exercise dark chocolate consumption on plasma antioxidant status, oxidative stress and immunoendocrine responses to prolonged exercise Resveratrol supplementation improves glycemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The aim of the study was to assess whether benefits associated with the traditional Mediterranean diet ( TMD ) and virgin olive oil ( VOO ) consumption could be mediated through changes in the expression of atherosclerosis-related genes . A r and omized , parallel , controlled clinical trial in healthy volunteers ( n=90 ) aged 20 to 50 yr was performed . Three-month intervention groups were as follows : 1 ) TMD with VOO ( TMD+VOO ) , 2 ) TMD with washed virgin olive oil ( TMD+WOO ) , and 3 ) control with participants ' habitual diet . WOO was similar to VOO , but with a lower polyphenol content ( 55 vs. 328 mg/kg , respectively ) . TMD consumption decreased plasma oxidative and inflammatory status and the gene expression related with both inflammation [ INF-gamma ( INFgamma ) , Rho GTPase-activating protein15 ( ARHGAP15 ) , and interleukin-7 receptor ( IL7R ) ] and oxidative stress [ adrenergic beta(2)-receptor ( ADRB2 ) and polymerase ( DNA-directed ) kappa ( POLK ) ] in peripheral blood mononuclear cells . All effects , with the exception of the decrease in POLK expression , were particularly observed when VOO , rich in polyphenols , was present in the TMD dietary pattern . Our results indicate a significant role of olive oil polyphenols in the down-regulation of proatherogenic genes in the context of a TMD . In addition , the benefits associated with a TMD and olive oil polyphenol consumption on cardiovascular risk can be mediated through nutrigenomic effects OBJECTIVE The formation of reactive oxygen species ( ROS ) contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of several diseases . Polyphenols have been shown to be beneficial against ROS . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a natural antioxidant ice cream on oxidative stress , vascular function , and physical performance . METHODS In this controlled , single-blind , crossover study , 14 healthy individuals were r and omized to consume 100 g of either antioxidant ice cream containing dark cocoa powder and hazelnut and green tea extracts or milk chocolate ice cream ( control ice cream ) . Participants were studied at baseline and 2 h after ingesting ice cream . Serum polyphenols , antioxidant status ( ferric-reducing ability of plasma [ FRAP ] ) , nitric oxide ( NOx ) bioavailability , markers of oxidative stress ( determination of reactive oxygen metabolites [ d-ROMs ] and hydrogen peroxide [ H2O2 ] ) , endothelium function ( flow-mediated dilation [ FMD ] and reactive hyperemia index [ RHI ] ) , and exercise tolerance ( stress test ) were assessed , and the double product was measured . RESULTS Serum polyphenols ( P < 0.001 ) , NOx ( P < 0.001 ) , FRAP ( P < 0.005 ) , FMD ( P < 0.001 ) , and RHI ( P < 0.05 ) increased significantly , oxidative stress decreased ( d-Roms , P < 0.001 ; H2O2 , P < 0.001 ) , and the double product ( P < 0.001 ) was improved only after antioxidant ice cream ingestion . No changes were found after control ice cream ingestion . CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge , this is the first study to demonstrate that a natural ice cream rich in polyphenols acutely improved vascular function and physical performance in healthy individuals through a reduction in oxidative stress To evaluate the effects of grape polyphenols on plasma lipids , inflammatory cytokines , and oxidative stress , 24 pre- and 20 postmenopausal women were r and omly assigned to consume 36 g of a lyophilized grape powder ( LGP ) or a placebo for 4 wk . The LGP consisted of 92 % carbohydrate and was rich in flavans , anthocyanins , quercetin , myricetin , kaempferol , and resveratrol . After a 3-wk washout period , subjects were assigned to the alternate treatment for an additional 4 wk . The placebo consisted of an equal ratio of fructose and dextrose and was similar in appearance and energy content ( 554 kJ ) to LGP . Plasma triglyceride concentrations were reduced by 15 and 6 % in pre- and postmenopausal women , respectively ( P < 0.01 ) after LGP supplementation . In addition , plasma LDL cholesterol and apolipoproteins B and E were lower due to LGP treatment ( P < 0.05 ) . Further , cholesterol ester transfer protein activity was decreased by approximately 15 % with intake of LGP ( P < 0.05 ) . In contrast to these beneficial effects on plasma lipids , LDL oxidation was not modified by LGP treatment . However , whole-body oxidative stress as measured by urinary F(2)-isoprostanes was significantly reduced after LGP supplementation . LGP also decreased the levels of plasma tumor necrosis factor-alpha , which plays a major role in the inflammation process . Through alterations in lipoprotein metabolism , oxidative stress , and inflammatory markers , LGP intake beneficially affected key risk factors for coronary heart disease in both pre- and postmenopausal women We have studied the global risk of retinopathy in a Mediterranean population of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) patients , according to clinical , biochemical , and lifestyle biomarkers . The effects of the oral supplementation containing antioxidants/omega 3 fatty acids ( A/ω3 ) were also evaluated . Suitable participants were distributed into two main groups : ( 1 ) T2DMG ( with retinopathy ( + DR ) or without retinopathy ( −DR ) ) and ( 2 ) controls ( CG ) . Participants were r and omly assigned ( + A/ω3 ) or not ( −A/ω3 ) to the oral supplementation with a daily pill of Nutrof Omega ( R ) for 18 months . Data collected including demographics , anthropometrics , characteristics/lifestyle , ophthalmic examination ( best corrected visual acuity , ocular fundus photographs , and retinal thickness as assessed by optical coherence tomography ) , and blood parameters ( glucose , glycosylated hemoglobin , triglycerides , malondialdehyde , and total antioxidant capacity ) were registered , integrated , and statistically processed by the SPSS 15.0 program . Finally , 208 participants ( 130 diabetics ( 68 + DR/62 −DR ) and 78 controls ) completed the follow-up . Blood analyses confirmed that the T2DMG+DR patients had significantly higher oxidative stress ( p < 0.05 ) , inflammatory ( p < 0.05 ) , and vascular ( p < 0.001 ) risk markers than the T2DMG−DR and the CG . Furthermore , the A/ω3 oral supplementation positively changed the baseline parameters , presumptively by inducing metabolic activation and ameliorating the ocular health after 18 months of supplementation Dietary polyphenols , such as those from grape products , may exert beneficial effects on cardiovascular health , including anti-hypertensive effects . We investigated the effect of a specific grape seed extract ( GSE ) rich in low-molecular-weight polyphenolic compounds on ambulatory blood pressure ( ABP ) in untreated subjects with pre- and stage I hypertension . In addition , potential mechanisms that could underlie the hypothesised effect of GSE on blood pressure ( BP ) , and platelet aggregation , were explored . The study was design ed as a double-blind , placebo-controlled , r and omised , parallel-group intervention study including seventy healthy subjects with systolic BP between 120 and 159 mmHg . A 1-week run-in period was followed by an 8-week intervention period , during which subjects consumed capsules containing either 300 mg/d of GSE or a placebo ( microcrystalline cellulose ) . Before and after the intervention , daytime ABP readings , 24 h urine sample s and fasting and non-fasting blood sample s were taken . The mean baseline systolic BP was 135.8 ( SE 1.3 ) mmHg and diastolic BP was 81.5 ( SE 0.9 ) mmHg . BP values were modestly , but not significantly , affected by the polyphenol-rich GSE treatment v. placebo with an effect of - 3.0 mmHg for systolic BP ( 95 % CI - 6.5 , 0.5 ) and - 1.4 mmHg for diastolic BP ( 95 % CI - 3.5 , 0.6 ) . Vasoactive markers including endothelin-1 , NO metabolites and asymmetric dimethylarginine , plasma renin activity and platelet aggregation were not affected by the GSE intervention . Our findings show that consumption of polyphenol-rich GSE does not significantly lower ABP in untreated subjects with pre- and stage I hypertension OBJECTIVES Dried fruits , like their fresh homologues , contain relatively high concentrations of antioxidants . The aim of this study was to determine the health outcomes of raisin consumption on patients with diabetes . METHODS We examined the effects of dried grapes ( Vitis vinifera ) cultivated in Greece , namely Corinthian Raisins ( CR ) on blood pressure , fasting glucose , glucated hemoglobin ( HbA1c ) , lipid peroxidation , high-sensitivity C-reactive protein , antioxidant status , and cytokines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) . Forty-eight well-controlled patients with T2DM from the diabetes outpatient clinic of our hospital were recruited to a two-armed , r and omized , controlled , 24-wk prospect i ve intervention trial in order to examine the health outcomes of CR consumption . All participants were reported to consume less fruits and vegetables than the recommended amount of five servings daily . Participants in the intervention were instructed to consume CR equal to two fruit servings ( 36 g/d ) , replacing snacks with similar energy density twice during the day . Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements , assessment of dietary intake , and fasting blood draws were conducted at baseline and at week 24 . Also , phenolic compounds present in CR were analyzed in plasma of the patients . t Test for parametric data and Mann-Whitney test or Wilcoxon test for non-parametric data were performed . Significance was set at P < 0.05 . RESULTS Body weight , glycemic control , and lipid profile were not affected in either arm . Patients in the CR arm reduced their diastolic blood pressure and increased their total antioxidant potential significantly compared with baseline . The differences between the two groups at week 24 were significant . No change in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein was observed . A significant difference in plasma circulating p-hydroxybenzoic acid was observed between groups at the end of the trial . CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that naturally CR may improve health features in patients with well-controlled T2DM BACKGROUND Low adiponectin levels are discussed as risk factor for cardiovascular events . This is of special importance in individuals with type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) because they are at higher risk for cardiovascular diseases . The present study aim ed to investigate the effect of two plant oils rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids ( PUFA ) , with different content of omega-3 fatty acids , on adiponectin levels , glucose and lipid metabolism in T2DM individuals treated either with insulin or oral anti-diabetics ( OAD ) . METHODS Ninety-two subjects with T2DM [ 34 treated with insulin ( T2DM-Ins ) and 58 treated with OAD ( T2DM-OAD ) ] participated in this r and omised , double-blind , parallel intervention study . Individuals received either 9 g of nut oil ( n-3:n-6 ratio : 1.3 : 6.1 ) or mixed oil ( n-3:n-6 ratio : 0.6 : 5.7 ) per day for 10 weeks . The fatty acid profile , tocopherol , adiponectin levels and parameters regarding glucose and lipid metabolism were assessed at baseline , during and after the intervention . RESULTS Compliance was confirmed by significant increases in γ-tocopherol and PUFA in both oil groups . An increase in adiponectin levels in T2DM-Ins participants ( + 6.84 % in nut oil and + 4.47 % in mixed oil group after 10 weeks compared to baseline ) was observed , albeit not significantly different from T2DM-OAD individuals ( P = 0.051 ) . Lipid and glucose metabolism were not affected by the intervention . CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence that a small and easy change in dietary behaviour towards better fat quality moderately increases adiponectin levels in T2DM-Ins subjects , independently of the administered plant oil Former smokers are at increased risk for cardiovascular disease . We hypothesized that dietary aronia polyphenols would reduce biomarkers of cardiovascular disease risk , inflammation , and oxidative stress in former smokers . We also determined the extent these effects were associated with polyphenol bioavailability . A 12-week , r and omized , placebo-controlled trial was conducted in 49 healthy adult former smokers ( n = 24/placebo , n = 25/aronia ) to evaluate if daily consumption of 500 mg aronia extract modulated plasma lipids , blood pressure , biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress , and lipid transport genes of peripheral blood mononuclear cells . The primary outcome was change in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) from baseline , and multivariate correlation analysis was performed to determine if changes in lipids were associated with urinary polyphenol excretion . Aronia consumption reduced fasting plasma total cholesterol by 8 % ( P = .0140 ) , LDL-C by 11 % ( P = .0285 ) , and LDL receptor protein in peripheral blood mononuclear cells ( P = .0036 ) at 12 weeks compared with the placebo group . Positive changes in the urinary polyphenol metabolites peonidin-3-O-galactoside , 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl ) propionic acid , and unmetabolized anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-galactoside were associated with lower plasma total cholesterol and LDL-C in the aronia group . Aronia consumption did not change blood pressure or biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress .  Aronia polyphenols  reduced total and LDL-C in former smokers but did not improve biomarkers of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation . The cholesterol-lowering activity of aronia extract was most closely associated with urinary levels of cyanidin-3-O-galactoside and peonidin-3-O-galactoside , its methylated metabolite . This trial was registered at Clinical Trials.gov as NCT01541826 Epidemiological studies indicate that habitual coffee consumption lowers the risk of diabetes and cardiovascular diseases . Postpr and ial hyperglycemia is a direct and independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases . We previously demonstrated that coffee polyphenol ingestion increased secretion of Glucagon-like peptide 1 ( GLP-1 ) , which has been shown to exhibit anti-diabetic and cardiovascular effects . We hypothesized coffee polyphenol consumption may improve postpr and ial hyperglycemia and vascular endothelial function by increasing GLP-1 release and /or reducing oxidative stress . To examine this hypothesis , we conducted a r and omized , acute , crossover , intervention study in healthy male adults , measuring blood parameters and flow-mediated dilation ( FMD ) after ingestion of a meal with or without coffee polyphenol extract ( CPE ) .  Nineteen subjects consumed a test meal with either a placebo- or CPE-containing beverage .  Blood biomarkers and FMD were measured at fasting and up to 180 minutes postpr and ially . The CPE beverage led to a significantly lower peak postpr and ial increase in blood glucose and diacron-reactive oxygen metabolite , and significantly higher postpr and ial FMD than the placebo beverage . Postpr and ial blood GLP-1 increase tended to be higher after ingestion of the CPE beverage , compared with placebo . Subclass analysis revealed that the CPE beverage significantly improved postpr and ial blood GLP-1 response and reduced blood glucose increase in the subjects with a lower insulinogenic index . Correlation analysis showed postpr and ial FMD was negatively associated with blood glucose increase after ingestion of the CPE beverage . In conclusion , these results suggest that coffee polyphenol consumption improves postpr and ial hyperglycemia and vascular endothelial function , which is associated with increased GLP-1 secretion and decreased oxidative stress in healthy humans OBJECTIVE To assess the clinical efficacy of nutritional amounts of grape polyphenols ( PPs ) in counteracting the metabolic alterations of high-fructose diet , including oxidative stress and insulin resistance ( IR ) , in healthy volunteers with high metabolic risk . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Thirty-eight healthy overweight/obese first-degree relatives of type 2 diabetic patients ( 18 men and 20 women ) were r and omized in a double-blind controlled trial between a grape PP ( 2 g/day ) and a placebo ( PCB ) group . Subjects were investigated at baseline and after 8 and 9 weeks of supplementation , the last 6 days of which they all received 3 g/kg fat-free mass/day of fructose . The primary end point was the protective effect of  grape PPs  on fructose-induced IR . RESULTS In the PCB group , fructose induced 1 ) a 20 % decrease in hepatic insulin sensitivity index ( P < 0.05 ) and an 11 % decrease in glucose infusion rate ( P < 0.05 ) as evaluated during a two-step hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp , 2 ) an increase in systemic ( urinary F2-isoprostanes ) and muscle ( thiobarbituric acid – reactive substances and protein carbonylation ) oxidative stress ( P < 0.05 ) , and 3 ) a downregulation of mitochondrial genes and decreased mitochondrial respiration ( P < 0.05 ) . All the deleterious effects of fructose were fully blunted by grape PP supplementation . Antioxidative defenses , inflammatory markers , and main adipokines were affected neither by fructose nor by grape PPs . CONCLUSIONS A natural mixture of grape PPs at nutritional doses efficiently prevents fructose-induced oxidative stress and IR . The current interest in grape PP ingredients and products by the global food and nutrition industries could well make them a stepping-stone of preventive nutrition OBJECTIVES The effect of the polyphenol content of the human diet on mortality risk is not yet fully understood . The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of a polyphenol-rich diet with mortality rate and a possible mediation effect by inflammation , in what we believe to be a novel , holistic approach . METHODS We analyzed 21 302 participants ( 10 980 women and 10 322 men , aged ≥35 y ) from the Moli-sani cohort . The participants were followed up for a median of 8.3 y. The European Prospect i ve Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition food frequency question naire ( FFQ ) was used for dietary assessment . Flavonol , flavone , flavanone , flavanol , anthocyanin , isoflavone , and lignan intakes were calculated using European Food Information Re source -Bioactive Substances in Food Information Systems and the polyphenol antioxidant content (PAC)-score was constructed to assess the total content of these nutrients in the diet . RESULTS Participants included in the highest quintile of intake of various polyphenol classes and subclasses presented a significant lower all-cause mortality risk compared with those in the lowest group of consumption ( hazard ratio [ HR ] < 1 ; P < 0.05 ) . Cox regression analyses adjusted for potential confounders indicated that participants in higher quintiles of PAC-score had lower all-cause mortality risk ( HR < 1 ; P < 0.05 ) . When cause-specific mortality rates were considered , similar effects were observed for cardiocerebrovascular and cancer mortality ( HR < 1 ; P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSIONS The polyphenol content of the diet was associated with reduced mortality risk in a Mediterranean population , possibly through an antiinflammatory mechanism This study sought to examine whether consumption of two low-calorie fruit/day for 3-months can effectively improve oxidative stress , anthropometry , blood pressure and glycaemic control in type 2 diabetes mellitus . Study involved 123 patients who were assigned to receive either st and ard care or with additional dietary therapy .  Dietary intervention result ed in significant reduction in malondialdehyde , plasma glucose , glycated haemoglobin and improvement in antioxidants like vitamin C and reduced glutathione when compared to controls . Mean plasma levels of vitamin C increased by 64 % ( p < 0.001 ) . There were no differences in waist circumference , waist-to-hip ratio , blood pressure , vitamin E and superoxide dismutase in the intervention group at follow-up . Diet rich in fruits can improve some antioxidants which are likely to reduce oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes . Regular consumption of fruits can lower the glycaemic status in these patients . The study supports the usefulness of plasma vitamin C as a biomarker for fruit intake BACKGROUND Oxidative stress and dysregulation of antioxidant function play a pivotal role in the diabetic complications . METHODS Fifty-nine patients with diabetes were r and omly assigned into three groups . 1 ) PL group ( n = 19 ) : Polarized light ( PL ) was applied to neuropathic ulcers of diabetic foot twice daily for ten minutes in pulse regimen during three months . 2 ) QALA group ( n = 20 ) : Antioxidants ( 60 mg hydrosoluble CoQ10 , 100 mg alpha-lipoic acid ( ALA ) and 200 mg vitamin E ) were used in two daily doses for three months . 3 ) QALAPL group ( n = 20 ) : Patients used antioxidants along with PL applications . To test for differences in means , paired Student 's t-test ( before and after three months ) was used . RESULTS Three months application of PL significantly increased plasma concentrations of coenzyme Q10 , alpha-tocopherol , tau-tocopherol and beta-carotene , and decreased lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) activity . Supplementation with antioxidants decreased plasma lipid peroxides , increased concentration of CoQ10 and improved echocardiographic parameters . Simultaneous application of PL and antioxidants significantly stimulated plasma CoQ10 and alpha-tocopherol concentrations , decreased LDH activity and contributed to improvement in heart left ventricular function in diabetics . CONCLUSION Thus the data show that supportive therapy with PL along with the antioxidants hydrosoluble CoQ10 , alpha-lipoic acid and vitamin E is an effective way of controlling the complications of type 2 diabetes ( Tab . 7 , Fig. 2 , Ref . 44 ) BACKGROUND Resveratrol have been shown to exert an antiinflammatory and antiaging effects in vitro and in animal models . OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of a Polygonum cuspidatum extract ( PCE ) containing resveratrol on oxidative and inflammatory stress in normal subjects . RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Two groups ( 10 each ) of normal-weight healthy subjects were r and omized to placebo or PCE containing 40 mg resveratrol daily for 6 wk . Fasting blood sample s were obtained prior to and after treatment at 1 , 3 , and 6 wk . Mononuclear cells were prepared for reactive oxygen species generation , RNA isolation , nuclear extract , and total cell homogenate preparation . Indices of oxidative and inflammatory stress , suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 , phosphotyrosine phosphatase-1B , jun-N-terminal kinase-1 , and inhibitor of kappaB-kinase-beta were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting . RESULTS The extract induced a significant reduction in reactive oxygen species generation , the expression of p47(phox ) , intranuclear nuclear factor-kappaB binding , and the expression of jun-N-terminal kinase-1 , inhibitor of kappaB-kinase-beta , phosphotyrosine phosphatase-1B , and suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 in mononuclear cells when compared with the baseline and the placebo . PCE intake also suppressed plasma concentrations of TNF-alpha , IL-6 , and C-reactive protein . There was no change in these indices in the control group given placebo . CONCLUSIONS The PCE-containing resveratrol has a comprehensive suppressive effect on oxidative and inflammatory stress BACKGROUND Olive oil polyphenols have been associated with several cardiovascular health benefits . This study aims to examine the influence of a polyphenol-rich olive oil on blood pressure ( BP ) and endothelial function in 24 young women with high-normal BP or stage 1 essential hypertension . METHODS We conducted a double-blind , r and omized , crossover dietary-intervention study . After a run-in period of 4 months ( baseline values ) , two diets were used , one with polyphenol-rich olive oil ( ∼30 mg/day ) , the other with polyphenol-free olive oil . Each dietary period lasted 2 months with a 4-week washout between diets . Systolic and diastolic BP , serum or plasma biomarkers of endothelial function , oxidative stress , and inflammation , and ischemia-induced hyperemia in the forearm were measured . RESULTS When compared to baseline values , only the polyphenol-rich olive oil diet led to a significant ( P < 0.01 ) decrease of 7.91 mm Hg in systolic and 6.65 mm Hg of diastolic BP . A similar finding was found for serum asymmetric dimethylarginine ( ADMA ) ( -0.09 ± 0.01 µmol/l , P < 0.01 ) , oxidized low-density lipoprotein ( ox-LDL ) ( -28.2 ± 28.5 µg/l , P < 0.01 ) , and plasma C-reactive protein ( CRP ) ( -1.9 ± 1.3 mg/l , P < 0.001 ) . The polyphenol-rich olive oil diet also elicited an increase in plasma nitrites/nitrates ( + 4.7 ± 6.6 µmol/l , P < 0.001 ) and hyperemic area after ischemia ( + 345 ± 386 perfusion units (PU)/sec , P < 0.001 ) . CONCLUSIONS We concluded that the consumption of a diet containing polyphenol-rich olive oil can decrease BP and improve endothelial function in young women with high-normal BP or stage 1 essential hypertension Purpose Acute antioxidant supplementation may modulate oxidative stress and some immune perturbations that typically occur following prolonged exercise . The aims of the present study were to examine the effects of acutely consuming dark chocolate ( high polyphenol content ) on plasma antioxidant capacity , markers of oxidative stress and immunoendocrine responses to prolonged exercise . Methods Fourteen healthy men cycled for 2.5 h at ~60 % maximal oxygen uptake 2 h after consuming 100 g dark chocolate ( DC ) , an isomacronutrient control bar ( CC ) or neither ( BL ) in a r and omised-counterbalanced design . Results DC enhanced pre-exercise antioxidant status ( P = 0.003 ) and reduced by trend ( P = 0.088 ) 1 h post-exercise plasma free [ F2-isoprostane ] compared with CC ( also , [ F2-isoprostane ] increased post-exercise in CC and BL but not DC trials ) . Plasma insulin concentration was significantly higher pre-exercise ( P = 0.012 ) and 1 h post-exercise ( P = 0.026 ) in the DC compared with the CC trial . There was a better maintenance of plasma glucose concentration on the DC trial ( 2-way ANOVA trial × time interaction P = 0.001 ) , which decreased post-exercise in all trials but was significantly higher 1 h post-exercise ( P = 0.039 ) in the DC trial . There were no between trial differences in the temporal responses ( trial × time interactions all P > 0.05 ) of hypothalamic – pituitary – adrenal axis stress hormones , plasma interleukin-6 , the magnitude of leukocytosis and neutrophilia and changes in neutrophil function . Conclusion Acute DC consumption may affect insulin , glucose , antioxidant status and oxidative stress responses , but has minimal effects on immunoendocrine responses , to prolonged exercise Resveratrol is a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound . Numerous animal studies have been reported on its wide-ranging beneficial effects in the biological system including diabetes mellitus ( DM ) . We hypothesized , therefore , that oral supplementation of resveratrol would improve the glycemic control and the associated risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) . The present clinical study was therefore carried out to test the hypothesis . Sixty-two patients with T2DM were enrolled from Government Headquarters Hospital , Ootacamund , India , in a prospect i ve , open-label , r and omized , controlled trial . Patients were r and omized into control and intervention groups . The control group received only oral hypoglycemic agents , whereas the intervention group received resveratrol ( 250 mg/d ) along with their oral hypoglycemic agents for a period of 3 months . Hemoglobin A(1c ) , lipid profile , urea nitrogen , creatinine , and protein were measured at the baseline and at the end of 3 months . The results reveal that supplementation of resveratrol for 3 months significantly improves the mean hemoglobin A(1c ) ( means ± SD , 9.99 ± 1.50 vs 9.65 ± 1.54 ; P < .05 ) , systolic blood pressure ( mean ± SD , 139.71 ± 16.10 vs 127.92 ± 15.37 ; P < .05 ) , total cholesterol ( mean ± SD , 4.70 ± 0.90 vs 4.33 ± 0.76 ; P < .05 ) , and total protein ( mean ± SD , 75.6 ± 4.6 vs 72.3 ± 6.2 ; P < .05 ) in T2DM . No significant changes in body weight and high-density lipoprotein and low-density lipoprotein cholesterols were observed . Oral supplementation of resveratrol is thus found to be effective in improving glycemic control and may possibly provide a potential adjuvant for the treatment and management of diabetes
In conclusion , polyphenols can successfully reduce HbA1c in T2DM without any intervention at glycemia , and could contribute to the prevention of diabetes complications
ABSTRACT Polyphenols have been extensively studied for their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties .
Recently , their antiglycative actions by oxidative stress modulation have been linked to the prevention of diabetes and associated complications .
This article assesses the evidence for polyphenol interventions on glycohemoglobin ( HbA1c ) in non-diabetic , pre-diabetic , and type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM ) subjects .