Validation of the Timed Up and Go Test for Assessing Balance Variables in Adults Aged 65 and Older. Accuracy of Timed Up and Go Test for screening risk of falls among community-dwelling elderly. The Timed Up and Go test: Predicting falls in ALS Properties of the ‘Timed Up and Go’ Test: More than Meets the Eye Prognostic validity of the Timed Up-and-Go test, a modified Get-Up-and-Go test, staff's global judgement and fall history in evaluating fall risk in residential care facilities. Functional Gait Assessment: Concurrent, Discriminative, and Predictive Validity in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Minimal Detectable Change of the Timed “Up & Go” Test and the Dynamic Gait Index in People With Parkinson Disease [Prediction of falls with performance on Timed "Up-and-Go" and one-leg-balance tests and additional cognitive tasks]. Evaluation of Falls Risk in Community-Dwelling Older Adults Using Body-Worn Sensors Is timed up and go better than gait speed in predicting health, function, and falls in older adults? "Timed Up & Go": A Screening Tool for Predicting 30-Day Morbidity in Onco-Geriatric Surgical Patients? A Multicenter Cohort Study Test-Retest Reliability and Minimal Detectable Change Scores for the Timed “Up & Go” Test, the Six-Minute Walk Test, and Gait Speed in People With Alzheimer Disease Which Neuromuscular or Cognitive Test Is the Optimal Screening Tool to Predict Falls in Frail Community-Dwelling Older People? Attention, frailty, and falls: the effect of a manual task on basic mobility. The Timed Get-up-and-Go test revisited: measurement of the component tasks. Reliability of measurements obtained with the Timed "Up & Go" test in people with Parkinson disease. Psychometric comparisons of the timed up and go, one-leg stand, functional reach, and Tinetti balance measures in community-dwelling older people.
The Timed Up and Go ( TUG ) test is recommended by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention as an easy to administer clinical test to evaluate a senior citizen 's fall risk . Limited evidence has been presented in the literature validating the TUG test . In this study , the authors sought to assess correlations between the TUG test and various balance markers utilizing the OptoGait system .  A total of 51 healthy seniors completed r and omized trials of the TUG test and a gait test utilizing  OptoGait photoelectric technology .  Correlations among mean and SD values for these variables and TUG performance were calculated . Utilizing a Bonferroni adjustment and an alpha level of .05 , eight significant correlations of a moderately strong degree ( absolute r scores between .51 and .78 ) emerged . Correlation results indicate that the TUG test is a valid tool for screening balance deficits that lead to increased fall risk in senior citizens OBJECTIVE To determine the accuracy of the Timed Up and Go Test ( TUGT ) for screening the risk of falls among community-dwelling elderly individuals . METHOD This is a prospect i ve cohort study with a r and omly by lots without reposition sample stratified by proportional partition in relation to gender involving 63 community-dwelling elderly individuals . Elderly individuals who reported having Parkinson 's disease , a history of transitory ischemic attack , stroke and with a Mini Mental State Exam lower than the expected for the education level , were on a wheelchair and that reported a single fall in the previous six months were excluded . The TUGT , a mobility test , was the measure of interested and the occurrence of falls was the outcome . The performance of basic activities of daily living ( ADL ) and instrumental activities of daily living ( IADL ) was determined through the Older American Re sources and Services , and the socio-demographic and clinical data were determined through the use of additional question naires . Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves were used to analyze the sensitivity and specificity of the TUGT . RESULTS Elderly individuals who fell had greater difficulties in ADL and IADL ( p<0.01 ) and a slower performance on the TUGT ( p=0.02 ) . No differences were found in socio-demographic and clinical characteristics between fallers and non-fallers . Considering the different sensitivity and specificity , the best predictive value for discriminating elderly individuals who fell was 12.47 seconds [ ( RR=3.2 ) 95%CI : 1.3 - 7.7 ] . CONCLUSIONS The TUGT proved to be an accurate measure for screening the risk of falls among elderly individuals . Although different from that reported in the international literature , the 12.47 second cutoff point seems to be a better predictive value for Brazilian elderly individuals There are few functionally meaningful clinical measures used to guide management of patients with ALS . Falls are common , can be debilitating , and result in increased health care costs . We assessed the performance and ability to predict falls of the  Timed Up and Go ( TUG ) test  , which quantifies walking ability , in a prospect i ve longitudinal study . Thirty‐one patients underwent six monthly TUG , ALSFRS‐R , forced vital capacity , muscle testing ( MMT ) and quality of life assessment s. Linear and generalized linear mixed effects models assessed the associations among variables and ability to predict falls . The increase in TUG time was linear over six months , and TUG time was negatively associated with ALSFRS‐R ( p⩽0.001 ) and MMT scores ( p⩽0.001 ) . The TUG test was the only variable that was associated with the chance of falling ( p = 0.024 ) ; patients with TUG times of 14 s had a 10 % chance of falling during the study . In conclusion , TUG performance declined linearly in this longitudinal study , was correlated with st and ard outcome measures , and predicted falls . The TUG test can guide management of patients with ALS ; a time of 14 s can be used to prompt the recommendation for mobility aids to prevent falls Background : The  ‘ timed up and go ’ test ( TUG ) is a simple , quick and widely used clinical performance-based measure of lower extremity function , mobility and fall risk . We speculated that its properties may be different from other performance-based tests and assessed whether cognitive function may contribute to the differences among these tests in a cohort of healthy older adults . Objective : To evaluate psychometric properties of the TUG in healthy older adults in comparison to the Berg balance test ( BBT ) and the Dynamic Gait Index ( DGI ) . Methods : The  TUG , DGI and BBT  were assessed in 265 healthy older adults ( 76.4 ± 4.3 years ; 58.3 % women ) who participated in a 3-year prospect i ve study . The  Mini-Mental State Examination , digit span and verbal fluency measured cognitive function . The one- sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov test evaluated deviations from a normal distribution and Pearson ’s correlation coefficients quantified associations . Results : The mean scores of the BBT , DGI and TUG were : 54.0 ± 2.4 , 22.8 ± 1.5 , 9.5 ± 1.7 s , respectively . The BBT and the DGI were not normally distributed ( p < 0.001 ) , but the TUG was ( p = 0.713 ) . The TUG times were mildly associated ( p < 0.01 ) with digit span and verbal fluency and were related to future falls , while the BBT and the DGI were not . Conclusions : The TUG appears to be an appropriate tool for clinical assessment of functional mobility even in healthy older adults . It does not suffer from ceiling effect limitations , is normally distributed and is apparently related to executive function . The BBT and the DGI do not share these beneficial properties . Perhaps the transferring and turning components of the TUG help to convert this relatively simple motor task into a more complex measure that also depends on cognitive re sources OBJECTIVES to evaluate and compare the prognostic validity relative to falls of the Timed Up- and -Go test ( TUG ) , a modified Get-Up- and -Go test ( GUG-m ) , staff 's judgement of global rating of fall risk ( GLORF ) and fall history among frail older people . DESIGN cohort study , 6-month prospect i ve follow-up for falls . PARTICIPANTS 183 frail persons living in residential care facilities in Sweden , mean age 84 years , 73 % women . METHODS the occurrence of falls during the follow-up period were compared to the following assessment s at baseline : the TUG at normal speed ; the  GUG-m , a rating of fall risk scored from 1 ( no risk ) to 5 ( very high risk ) ; the  GLORF  ,  staff 's rating of fall risk as ' high ' or ' low ' ; a history of falls in the previous 6 months . These assessment tools were evaluated using sensitivity , specificity and positive and negative likelihood ratios ( LR(+ ) to rule in and LR(- ) to rule out a high fall risk ) . RESULTS 53 % of the participants fell at least once . Various cut-off values of the TUG ( 12 , 15 , 20 , 25 , 30 , 35 , 40 s ) and the GUG-m showed LR(+ ) between 0.9 and 2.6 and LR(- ) between 0.1 and 1.0 . The GLORF showed an LR(+ ) of 2.8 and an LR(- ) of 0.6 and fall history showed an LR(+ ) of 2.4 and an LR(- ) of 0.6 . CONCLUSIONS in this population of frail older people , staff judgement of their residents ' fall risk as well as previous falls both appear superior to the performance-based measures TUG and GUG-m in ruling in a high fall risk . A TUG score of less than 15 s gives guidance in ruling out a high fall risk but insufficient information in ruling in such a risk . The grading of fall risk by GUG-m appears of very limited value Background The Functional Gait Assessment ( FGA ) is a reliable and valid measure of gait-related activities . Objective The purpose of this study was to determine the concurrent , discriminative , and predictive validity of the FGA in community-dwelling older adults . Design This was a prospect i ve cohort study . Methods Thirty-five older adults aged 60 to 90 years completed the Activities-specific Balance Confidence Scale ( ABC ) , Berg Balance Scale ( BBS ) , Dynamic Gait Index ( DGI ) , Timed “ Up & Go ” Test ( TUG ) , and Functional Gait Assessment ( FGA ) during one session . Falls were tracked by having participants complete a monthly fall calendar for 6 months . Spearman correlation coefficients were used to determine concurrent validity among the ABC , BBS , TUG , DGI , and FGA . To determine the optimum scores to classify fall risk , sensitivity ( Sn ) , specificity ( Sp ) , and positive and negative likelihood ratios ( LR+ and LR− ) were calculated for the FGA in classifying fall risk based on the published criterion scores of the DGI and TUG and for the FGA , TUG , and DGI in identifying prospect i ve falls . Receiver operator curves with area under the curve were used to determine the effectiveness of the FGA in classifying fall risk and of the DGI , TUG , and FGA in identifying prospect i ve falls . Results The FGA correlated with the ABC ( r=.053 , P<.001 ) , BBS ( r=.84 , P<.001 ) , and TUG ( r=−.84 , P<.001 ) . An  FGA  score of ≤22/30 provides both discriminative and predictive validity . The FGA ( scores ≤22/30 ) provided 100 % Sn , 72 % Sp , LR+ of 3.6 , and LR− of 0 to predict prospect i ve falls . Limitations The study was limited by the length of time of follow-up and the small sample size that did not allow for evaluation of criterion scores by decade . Conclusions The FGA with a cutoff score of 22/30 is effective in classifying fall risk in older adults and predicting unexplained falls in community-dwelling older adults Background The minimal detectable change ( MDC ) is the smallest amount of difference in individual scores that represents true change ( beyond r and om measurement error ) . The MDCs of the Timed “ Up & Go ” Test ( TUG ) and the Dynamic Gait Index ( DGI ) in people with Parkinson disease ( PD ) are largely unknown , limiting the interpretability of the change scores of both measures . Objective The purpose of this study was to estimate the MDCs of the TUG and the DGI in people with PD . Design This investigation was a prospect i ve cohort study . Methods Seventy-two participants were recruited from special clinics for movement disorders at a university hospital . Their mean age was 67.5 years , and 61 % were men . All participants completed the TUG and the DGI assessment s twice , about 14 days apart . The MDC was calculated from the st and ard error of measurement . The percentage MDC ( MDC% ) was calculated as the MDC divided by the mean of all scores for the sample . Furthermore , the intraclass correlation coefficient was used to examine the reproducibility between testing sessions ( test-retest reliability ) . Results The respective MDC and MDC% of the TUG were 3.5 seconds and 29.8 , and those of the DGI were 2.9 points and 13.3 . The test-retest reliability values for the TUG and the DGI were high ; the intraclass correlation coefficients were .80 and .84 , respectively . Limitations The study sample was a convenience sample , and the participants had mild to moderately severe PD . Conclusions The results showed that the TUG and the DGI have generally acceptable r and om measurement error and test-retest reliability . These findings should help clinicians and research ers determine whether a change in an individual patient with PD is a true change OBJECTIVE This study aim ed to determine whether ordinary clinical performance on the timed " up- and -go " and one-leg-balance tests varied with additional cognitive tasks and the predictive value of this combination for future falls . METHODOLOGY The sample comprised 95 women with osteoporosis who lived independently in the community and were older than 70 years ( mean 73.4+/-1.7 years ) who were r and omized to perform the timed " up- and -go " ( TUG ) and one-leg-balance ( OLB ) tests . The tests were performed with or without an additional cognitive task ( math task involving subtraction by 2 s or 5 s or addition by 3 s ) . RESULTS For both TUG and OLB , performance decreased in the dual-task condition ( P<0.05 ) but did not differ in older women with and without a history of falling , whatever the test , and with or without an additional cognitive load . CONCLUSION Performance on the  TUG and OLB tests  was less efficient when patients simultaneously performed a cognitive task . Performance on these tests , without or with cognitive tasks , did not predict falls in a sample of women who lived independently Background : Falls are the most common cause of injury and hospitalization and one of the principal causes of death and disability in older adults worldwide . This study aim ed to determine if a method based on body-worn sensor data can prospect ively predict falls in community-dwelling older adults , and to compare its falls prediction performance to two st and ard methods on the same data set . Methods : Data were acquired using body-worn sensors , mounted on the left and right shanks , from 226 community-dwelling older adults ( mean age 71.5 ± 6.7 years , 164 female ) to quantify gait and lower limb movement while performing the ‘ Timed Up and Go ’ ( TUG ) test in a geriatric research clinic . Participants were contacted by telephone 2 years following their initial assessment to determine if they had fallen . These outcome data were used to create statistical models to predict falls . Results : Results obtained through cross-validation yielded a mean classification accuracy of 79.69 % ( mean 95 % CI : 77.09–82.34 ) in prospect ively identifying participants that fell during the follow-up period . Results were significantly ( p < 0.0001 ) more accurate than those obtained for falls risk estimation using two st and ard measures of falls risk ( manually timed TUG and the Berg balance score , which yielded mean classification accuracies of 59.43 % ( 95 % CI : 58.07–60.84 ) and 64.30 % ( 95 % CI : 62.56–66.09 ) , respectively ) . Conclusion : Results suggest that the quantification of movement during the TUG test using body-worn sensors could lead to a robust method for assessing future falls risk OBJECTIVES To assess whether the Timed Up and Go ( TUG ) is superior to gait speed in predicting multiple geriatric outcomes . DESIGN Prospect i ve cohort study . SETTING Medicare health maintenance organization and Veterans Affairs primary care clinics . PARTICIPANTS Adults aged 65 and older ( N=457 ) . MEASUREMENTS Baseline gait speed and TUG  were used to predict health decline according to EuroQol and Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Survey ( SF-36 ) global health ; functional decline according to National Health Interview Survey ( NHIS ) activities of daily living ( ADLs ) score and SF-36 physical function index ; hospitalization ; and any falls and multiple falls over 1 year . RESULTS Mean age was 74 , and 44 % of participants were female . Odds ratios for all outcomes were equivalent for gait speed and TUG . Using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.7 or greater for acceptable predictive ability , gait speed and TUG each alone predicted decline in global health , new ADL difficulty , and falls , with no difference in predictive ability between performance measures . Neither performance measure predicted hospitalization , EuroQol decline , or physical function decline . As a continuous variable , TUG did not add predictive ability to gait speed for any outcome . CONCLUSION Gait speed predicts most geriatric outcomes , including falls , as does TUG . The time taken to complete TUG may not add to information provided by gait speed , although its qualitative elements may have other utility Objective To determine the predictive value of the “ Timed Up & Go ” ( TUG ) , a vali date d assessment tool , on a prospect i ve cohort study and to compare these findings to the ASA classification , an instrument commonly used for quantifying patients ’ physical status and anesthetic risk . Background In the onco-geriatric surgical population it is important to identify patients at increased risk of adverse post-operative outcome to minimize the risk of over- and under-treatment and improve outcome in this population . Methods 263 patients ≥70 years undergoing elective surgery for solid tumors were prospect ively recruited . Primary endpoint was 30-day morbidity . Pre-operatively TUG was administered and ASA-classification was registered . Data were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression analyses to estimate odds ratios ( OR ) and 95 % confidence intervals ( 95%-CI ) . Absolute risks and area under the receiver operating characteristic curves ( AUC ’s ) were calculated . Results 164 ( 62.4 % ) patients ( median age : 76 ) underwent major surgery . 50 ( 19.5 % ) patients experienced major complications . 50.0 % of patients with high TUG and 24.8 % of patients with ASA≥3 experienced major complications ( absolute risks ) . TUG and ASA were independent predictors of the occurrence of major complications ( TUG : OR 3.43 ; 95%-CI = 1.13–10.36 . ASA1 vs. 2:OR 5.67 ; 95%-CI = 0.86–37.32 . ASA1 vs. 3&4:OR 11.75 ; 95%-CI = 1.62–85.11 ) . AUCTUG was 0.66 ( 95%-CI = 0.57–0.75 , p<0.001 ) and AUCASA was 0.58 ( 95%-CI = 0.49–0.67 , p = 0.09 ) . Conclusions Twice as many onco-geriatric patients at risk of post-operative complications , who might benefit from pre-operative interventions , are identified using TUG than when using ASA Background : With the increasing incidence of Alzheimer disease ( AD ) , determining the validity and reliability of outcome measures for people with this disease is necessary . Objective : The goals of this study were to assess test-retest reliability of data for the Timed “ Up & Go ” Test ( TUG ) , the  Six-Minute Walk Test  ( 6MWT ) , and gait speed and to calculate minimal detectable change ( MDC ) scores for each outcome measure . Performance differences between groups with mild to moderate AD and moderately severe to severe AD ( as determined by the Functional Assessment Staging [ FAST ] scale ) were studied . Design : This was a prospect i ve , nonexperimental , descriptive method ological study . Methods : Background data collected for 51 people with AD included : use of an assistive device , Mini-Mental Status Examination scores , and FAST scale scores . Each participant engaged in 2 test sessions , separated by a 30- to 60-minute rest period , which included 2 TUG trials , 1 6MWT trial , and 2 gait speed trials using a computerized gait assessment system . A specific cuing protocol was followed to achieve optimal performance during test sessions . Results : Test-retest reliability values for the TUG , the 6MWT , and gait speed were high for all participants together and for the mild to moderate AD and moderately severe to severe AD groups separately ( intraclass correlation coefficients ≥.973 ) ; however , individual variability of performance also was high . Calculated MDC scores at the 90 % confidence interval were : TUG=4.09 seconds , 6MWT=33.5 m ( 110 ft ) , and gait speed=9.4 cm/s . The 2 groups were significantly different in performance of clinical tests , with the participants who were more cognitively impaired being more physically and functionally impaired . Limitations : A single research er for data collection limited sample numbers and prohibited blinding to dementia level . Conclusions : The TUG , the 6MWT , and gait speed are reliable outcome measures for use with people with AD , recognizing that individual variability of performance is high . Minimal detectable change scores at the 90 % confidence interval can be used to assess change in performance over time and the impact of treatment Background : The use of falls risk screening tools may aid in targeting fall prevention interventions in older individuals most likely to benefit . Objective : To determine the optimal physical or cognitive test to screen for falls risk in frail older people . Methods : This prospect i ve cohort study involved recruitment from 213 day-care centers in Japan . The feasibility study included 3,340 ambulatory individuals aged 65 years or older enrolled in the Tsukui Ordered Useful Care for Health ( TOUCH ) program . The external validation study included a sub sample of 455 individuals who completed all tests . Physical tests included  grip strength ( GS ) , chair st and test ( CST ) , one-leg st and ing test ( OLS ) , functional reach test ( FRT ) , t and em walking test ( TWT ) , 6-meter walking speed at a comfortable pace ( CWS ) and at maximum pace ( MWS )  , and timed up- and -go test ( TUG ) . The  mental status question naire ( MSQ )  was used to measure  cognitive function . The incidence of falls during 1 year was investigated by self-report or an interview with the participant ’s family and care staff . Results : The most practicable tests were the GS and MSQ , which could be administered to more than 90 % of the participants regardless of the activities of daily living status . The FRT and TWT had lower feasibility than other lower limb function tests . During the 1-year retrospective analysis of falls , 99 ( 21.8 % ) of the 455 validation study participants had fallen at least once . Fallers showed significantly poorer performance than non-fallers in the OLS ( p = 0.003 ) , TWT ( p = 0.001 ) , CWS ( p = 0.013 ) , MWS ( p = 0.007 ) , and TUG ( p = 0.011 ) . The OLS , CWS , and MWS remained significantly associated with falls when performance cut-points were determined . Logistic regression analysis revealed that the TWT was a significant and independent , yet weak predictor of falls . A weighting system which considered feasibility and validity scored the CWS ( at a cut-point of 0.7 m/s ) as the best test to predict risk of falls . Conclusion : Clinical tests of neuromuscular function can predict risk of falls in frail older people . When feasibility and validity were considered , the CWS was the best test for use as a screening tool in frail older people , however , these preliminary results require confirmation in further research OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of a second task on balance and gait maneuvers used in everyday life . Our hypothesis was that those who were more distracted by a familiar manual task performed concurrently with functional maneuvers were more frail and more prone to falls . DESIGN A cross-sectional design with prospect i ve follow-up for falls . SETTING Sheltered accommodation in Umeå , Sweden . PARTICIPANTS Forty-two residents ( 30 women , 12 men ; mean age + /- SD = 79.7 + /- 6.1 years ) , ambulant with or without a walking aid , able to follow simple instructions and able to carry a tumbler . MEASUREMENTS  Timed Up & Go ( TUG ) , i.e. , the time taken to rise from an armchair , walk 3 meters , turn round , and sit down again . TUG was repeated with an added manual task ( TUGmanual ) , which was to carry a glass of water while walking . The Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale , Barthel Index , Functional Reach , Mini-Mental State Examination , and Line Bisection test were used to assess for frailty . The subjects were followed-up prospect ively regarding falls indoors for a period of 6-months . RESULTS Subjects with a time difference ( diffTUG ) between TUGmanual and TUG of > or = 4.5 seconds were considered to be distracted by the second task . Ten subjects had a difference in time of > or = 4.5 seconds . These subjects were more frail , and seven of them fell indoors during the follow-up period ( odds ratio 4.7 , 95%Confidence Interval ( CI ) 1.5 - 14.2 ) . CONCLUSION The time difference between the TUGmanual and the TUG appears to be a valid marker of frailty and a useful tool for identifying older persons prone to falling The " Timed Get-up- and -Go " ( TGUG ) test measures the overall time to complete a series of functionally important tasks . In the " Exp and ed Timed Get-up- and -Go " ( ETGUG ) test , times for the component tasks are measured using a multimemory stopwatch . Results from the ETGUG test were compared to those from the TGUG test on three groups of subjects : nonimpaired young , nonimpaired elderly , and elderly subjects at risk of falling . Significant differences were found between the two control groups and the at-risk group for all components of the test . Walking speed was the only measurement found to be significantly different between the young and elderly controls . The ETGUG test is a sensitive and objective assessment of function that requires minimal equipment , training , or expense . It better isolates functional deficits , thereby aiding the clinician in devising prevention strategies and guiding both treatment and further testing BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Timed " Up & Go " Test ( TUG ) is used to measure the ability of patients to perform sequential locomotor tasks that incorporate walking and turning . This study investigated the retest reliability , interrater reliability , and sensitivity of scores obtained with the TUG in detecting changes in mobility in subjects with idiopathic Parkinson disease ( PD ) . SUBJECTS The performance of 12 people with PD was compared with that of 12 age-matched comparison subjects without PD . METHODS The subjects with PD completed 5 trials of the TUG after withdrawal of levodopa for 12 hours ( " off " phase of the medication cycle ) as well as an additional 5 trials 1 hour after levodopa was administered ( " on " phase of the medication cycle ) . They were scored on the Modified Webster Scale at both sessions . The comparison subjects also performed 5 TUG trials . All trials were videotaped and timed by 2 experienced raters . The videotape was later rated by 3 experienced clinicians and 3 inexperienced clinicians . RESULTS For the subjects with PD , within-session performance was highly consistent , with correlations ( r ) ranging from.80 to.98 for the " off " phase and from.73 to.99 for the " on " phase . The performance of the comparison subjects across the 5 trials was also highly consistent ( r=.90-.97 ) . Comparisons showed differences between trials 1 and 2 on the TUG for both groups . Removal of data for trial 1 ( the practice trial ) further enhanced retest reliability . There was close agreement in TUG scores among raters despite different levels of experience ( intraclass correlation coefficient [3,1]=.87-.99 ) . Mean TUG scores were different between the " on " and " off " phases of the levodopa cycle and between subjects with PD and comparison subjects during the " on " phase . CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION Retest reliability and interrater reliability of the TUG measurements were high , and the measurements reflected changes in performance according to levodopa use . The TUG can also be used to detect differences in performance between people with PD and elderly people without PD OBJECTIVES To compare the practicality , reliability , validity , and responsiveness of the timed up and go ( TUG ) , one-leg st and ( OLS ) , functional reach ( FR ) , and Tinetti balance ( TB ) performance measures in people aged 65 and older . DESIGN A prospect i ve study . SETTING Shin-Sher Township of Taichung County , west- central Taiwan . PARTICIPANTS Twelve hundred community-dwelling older people . MEASUREMENTS During an initial assessment at their residences , participants were interviewed for demographics , cognition , fall history , use of a walking aid , and activities of daily living ( ADLs )  , in addition to completing the four balance tests . Falls were ascertained by telephone every 3 months for a 1-year follow-up ; the four balance measures and ADLs were also reassessed at the end of the follow-up year . RESULTS Of the four balance measures , the OLS had the lowest participation rate , and participation of people who were cognitively impaired had fallen in the previous year , used a walking aid , or suffered from an ADL disability was lower than for their counterparts . The time to complete the tests ranged from 58 seconds for OLS , to 160 seconds for the TB . All four balance measures exhibited excellent test-retest reliability and discriminant validity but poor responsiveness to fall status . The TB showed better discriminant , convergent , and predictive validities and responsiveness to ADL changes than the other three tests . CONCLUSION According to psychometric properties , the most suitable performance measure for evaluating balance in community-dwelling older people was the TB , followed by the TUG
Conclusion The Timed Up and Go test has limited ability to predict  falls in community dwelling elderly and should not be used in isolation to identify individuals at high risk of falls in this setting
Background The Timed Up and Go test ( TUG ) is a commonly used screening tool to assist clinicians to identify patients at risk of falling .
The purpose of this systematic review and meta- analysis is to determine the overall predictive value of the TUG in community-dwelling older adults .