Combination training and resistance training as effective interventions to improve functioning in elders. Concurrent cardiovascular and resistance training in healthy older adults. Exercise dosing to retain resistance training adaptations in young and older adults. Physical function predicts improvement in quality of life in elderly icelanders after 12 weeks of resistance exercise Physical activity combined with resistance training reduces symptoms of frailty in older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Once a week is not enough: effects of a widely implemented group based exercise programme for older adults; a randomised controlled trial Effects of elastic band resistance training and nutritional supplementation on physical performance of institutionalised elderly — A randomized controlled trial Short rest interval lengths between sets optimally enhance body composition and performance with 8 weeks of strength resistance training in older men Aerobic Versus Resistance Training Effects on Health-Related Quality of Life, Body Composition, and Function of Older Adults The Effect of Functional Tasks Exercise and Resistance Exercise on Health-Related Quality of Life and Physical Activity Upper‐Body Progressive Resistance Training Improves Strength and Household Physical Activity Performance in Women Attending Cardiac Rehabilitation A Comparison of Two Forms of Periodized Exercise Rehabilitation Programs in the Management of Chronic Nonspecific Low-Back Pain Effects of 16 weeks of resistance training on left ventricular morphology and systolic function in healthy men >60 years of age. The effects of strength training on strength and health-related quality of life in older adult women. Periodized resistance training with and without supplementation improve body composition and performance in older men Effects of resistance training and dietary changes on physical function and body composition in overweight and obese older adults. Influence of combined resistance training and healthy diet on muscle mass in healthy elderly women: a randomized controlled trial.
The purpose of the study was to determine whether resistance training ( RT ) or a combination of resistance and aerobic training ( CT ) result ed in the most improvement in measures of functional ability in functionally limited elders . Elderly adults who exhibited some limits in functional ability were r and omly assigned to either a CT , RT , or control ( C ) group . Both RT and CT exercised three times per week for 16 weeks . At Weeks 0 and 17 , participants completed six measures of strength and six functional tests . A 3 ( group ) x 3 ( time ) ANOVA with repeated measures on the time factor was used to analyze the results . CT and RT scored significantly better than C at Week 17 for biceps curl , elbow extension , chair st and , and time up the stairs . These findings demonstrate that RT and CT are both effective at increasing measures of strength and functional ability in elderly adults who begin exercise with functional limitations PURPOSE The recommendations for exercise training and physical activity for older adults include cardiovascular and resistance training components ( CVT and RT , respectively ) . The purpose of the present investigation was to compare the fitness benefits of concurrent CVT and RT with those attained through an equivalent duration of CVT or RT alone . METHODS Thirty-six participants ( ages 60 - 84 ) were assigned to a control group or to one of three exercise treatment groups . The treatment groups exercised three times per week for 12 wk using RT ( N = 11 ) , CVT ( N = 10 ) , or CVT and RT ( BOTH , N = 9 ) . Pre- and post-training , participants performed a submaximal exercise test ( GXT ) , five repetition-maximum strength tests ( 5RM ) , and the AAHPERD functional fitness test for older adults . RESULTS All exercise treatment groups revealed lower resting heart rate and rate-pressure product ; lower exercise diastolic blood pressure and rating of perceived exertion ; increased GXT duration ; increased leg , back , and shoulder 5RM scores ; and improved AAHPERD flexibility , coordination , and cardiovascular endurance scores . The exercise treatment groups responded differently on the following : RT and BOTH enhanced arm and chest strength more than CVT ; and BOTH enhanced AAHPERD strength and agility scores more than CVT or RT . CONCLUSIONS Concurrent CVT and RT is as effective in eliciting improvements in cardiovascular fitness and 5RM performance as CVT or RT , respectively . Moreover , incorporating both CVT and RT in exercise programs for older adults may be more effective in optimizing aspects of functional fitness than programs that involve only one component UNLABELLED Resistance training ( RT ) is a proven sarcopenia countermeasure with a high degree of potency . However , sustainability remains a major issue that could limit the appeal of RT as a therapeutic approach without well-defined dosing requirements to maintain gains . PURPOSE To test the efficacy of two maintenance prescriptions on muscle mass , myofiber size and type distribution , and strength . We hypothesized the minimum dose required to maintain RT-induced adaptations would be greater in the old ( 60 - 75 yr ) versus young ( 20 - 35 yr ) . METHODS Seventy adults participated in a two-phase exercise trial that consisted of RT 3 d·wk for 16 wk ( phase 1 ) followed by a 32-wk period ( phase 2 ) with r and om assignment to detraining or one of two maintenance prescriptions ( reducing the dose to one-third or one-ninth of that during phase 1 ) . RESULTS Phase 1 result ed in expected gains in strength , myofiber size , and muscle mass along with the typical IIx-to-IIa shift in myofiber-type distribution . Both maintenance prescriptions preserved phase 1 muscle hypertrophy in the young but not the old . In fact , the one-third maintenance dose led to additional myofiber hypertrophy in the young . In both age groups , detraining reversed the phase 1 IIx-to-IIa myofiber-type shift , whereas a dose response was evident during maintenance training with the one-third dose better maintaining the shift . Strength gained during phase 1 was largely retained throughout detraining with only a slight reduction at the final time point . CONCLUSIONS We conclude that older adults require a higher dose of weekly loading than the young to maintain myofiber hypertrophy attained during a progressive RT program , yet gains in specific strength among older adults were well preserved and remained at or above levels of the untrained young Background Little is known about the effects of resistance training on health related quality of life ( HRQL )  in the elderly . Aim The main purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of resistance training on strength , body composition , functional capacity and HRQL in independent living elderly people . We hypothesised that resistance training would improve lean mass , muscle strength , physical function and HRQL . Methods Subjects ( N = 237 , 73.7±5.7yrs , 58.2 % female ) participated in a 12-week resistance exercise program ( 3 times/week ; 3 sets , 6–8 repetitions at 75–80 % of the 1-repetition maximum ) design ed to increase strength and muscle mass of major muscle groups . Body composition , quadriceps- and grip strength , timed up and go test ( TUG ) , six minute walk for distance ( 6MW ) and HRQL were measured at baseline and endpoint . Results Two hundred- and -four participants completed the study . Although the increase in lean mass was small ( + 0.8 kg , P<0.01 ) , quadriceps strength ( + 53.5N ) , grip strength ( + 3.0 lb ) , TUG ( -0.6sec ) , 6MW ( + 33.6 m ) and HRQL ( + 1.2 t-score ) improved significantly ( all P<0.01 ) . Changes in 6MW predicted improvement in HRQL after 12 weeks . Conclusions Our study shows that a 12-week resistance exercise program  significantly improves lean mass , muscle strength , physical function and HRQL  in elderly individuals , and that improvements in physical function predict improvements in HRQL . Our study indicates that resistance training should be promoted for the elderly as it has the potential to improve physical performance , thereby prolonging healthy , independent aging INTRODUCTION Increased physical activity ( PA ) is a crucial factor in the prevention of physical deterioration , and resistance training ( RT ) is also a common and effective intervention for older adults . However , the effects of PA as an adjunct to RT on frailty status remains unclear ; therefore , we clarified the effect of a PA intervention with feedback , as an adjunct to resistance strength training , on the physical and mental outcomes of frail older adults . MATERIAL S AND METHODS We employed a r and omized controlled trial . Community-dwelling frail older adults in Japan were recruited to participate . Forty-one participants ( mean age 81.5 ) were r and omly assigned to engage in a resistance training with PA ( RPA group ) or RT group for six months . Frailty status and frailty scores , which were measured according to the Cardiovascular Health Study criteria -muscle strength , mobility , instrumental activities of daily living , and health-related quality of life-were assessed . RESULTS Participants in the RPA group exhibited a significant increase in light-intensity PA , the number of steps taken daily ( p < 0.05 ) , and lower-limb muscle strength ( p < 0.05 ) and a significant decrease in frailty scores . However , pre- and postintervention frailty status , instrumental activities of daily living , and health-related quality of life did not differ significantly . CONCLUSIONS Implementation of a PA intervention as an adjunct to RT is feasible , as it reduced frailty scores and increased lower-limb muscle strength and mobility in older adults with frailty symptoms Objectives : To determine the effects of gymnastics on the health related quality of life ( HRQoL ) and functional status of independently living people , aged 65 to 80 years .  Gymnastics formed part of the More Exercise for Seniors ( MBvO in Dutch ) programme , a group based exercise programme for older adults in the Netherl and s. It has been widely implemented since 1980 . Design : R and omised controlled trial with pretest and post-test measurements . Intervention : The exercise programme given by experienced instructors lasted 10 weeks and was given weekly ( MBvO1 ; n = 125 , six groups ) or twice weekly ( MBvO2 ; n = 68 , six groups ) . The control group ( n = 193 ) was offered a health education programme . Setting : Community dwelling of older people , with a comparatively low level of fitness as assessed with the Groningen Fitness test for the Elderly . Results : No significant effects were found on the HRQoL ( Vitality Plus Scale , TAAQoL , and R AND -36 ) and the functional status ( Physical Performance Test and the Groningen Activity Restriction Scale ) . The MBvO2 group , with a low level of physical activity at baseline , showed the only improvement found on the Vitality Plus Scale ( F = 4.53 ; p = 0.01 ) . Conclusions : MBvO gymnastics once a week did not provide benefits in HRQoL and functional status after 10 weeks . However , participants with a low level of physical activity may benefit from MBvO gymnastics if they participate twice a week . To improve the health of the general public , sedentary older adults should be recruited and encouraged to combine MBvO with the health enhancing physical activity guidelines OBJECTIVES To evaluate the effects of elastic b and resistance training in combination with nutrient supplementation on muscular strength and the ability to perform mobility-related activities of daily living in older adults living in retirement care facilities . DESIGN R and omized controlled trial , with a 6-month intervention period . SETTING A retirement care facility , Vienna , Austria . PARTICIPANTS One hundred and seventeen older adults ( 14 males ( 12 % ) and 103 females ( 88 % ) ) , aged 65 to 97 years ( mean age : 82.8 ± 6.0 ) , having a mini-mental state examination score ≥ 23 and no chronic diseases posing a medical contraindication to training therapy . INTERVENTION Participants were r and omly assigned , but stratified by sex , to one of three intervention groups : supervised resistance exercise training ( RT ) , RT in combination with nutrient supplementation ( RTS ) , or cognitive training group ( CT ) . All interventions were performed two times a week for 6 months . RT was design ed to train all major muscle groups using elastic b and s. The nutrient supplement ( rich in proteins , vitamin D , B2 , B12 ) was distributed every morning as well as after each RT session . MEASUREMENTS A battery of motor ability tests and functional test were performed prior to as well as following 3 months and finally after 6 months of intervention . These tests included isokinetic torque measurements of the knee extensors and flexors in concentric mode at 60 and 120 ° /s , isometric h and grip strength , senior arm-lifting test , chair st and test , maximum walking speed and a 6-minute walking test ( 6 MWT ) . RESULTS A repeated- measures ANOVA analysis revealed significant improvements in physical function of lower ( p=0.002 ) and upper extremities ( p=0.006 ) for RT and /or RTS in comparison to CT . For isokinetic measurements , 6 MWT , and gait speed time effects ( p<0.05 ) were detected without any group × time interaction effects . Dropouts showed lower performance in chair st and test ( p=0.012 ) , 6 MWT ( p=0.003 ) , and gait speed ( p=0.013 ) at baseline than that of the finishers of the study . CONCLUSION Six months of a low intensity resistance exercise using elastic b and s and own body weight is safe and beneficial in improving functional performance of institutionalised older people . Multinutrient supplementation did not offer additional benefits to the effects of RT in improving muscular performance Purpose To determine if 8 weeks of periodized strength resistance training ( RT ) utilizing relatively short rest interval lengths ( RI ) in between sets ( SS ) would induce greater improvements in body composition and muscular performance , compared to the same RT program utilizing extended RI ( SL ) . Methods 22 male volunteers ( SS : n = 11 , 65.6 ± 3.4 years ; SL : n = 11 , 70.3 ± 4.9 years ) were assigned to one of two strength RT groups , following 4 weeks of periodized hypertrophic RT ( PHRT ) : strength RT with 60-s RI ( SS ) or strength RT with 4-min RI ( SL ) . Prior to r and omization , all 22 study participants trained 3 days/week , for 4 weeks , targeting hypertrophy ; from week 4 to week 12 , SS and SL followed the same periodized strength RT program for 8 weeks , with RI the only difference in their RT prescription . Results Following PHRT , all study participants experienced increases in lean body mass ( LBM ) ( p < 0.01 ) , upper and lower body strength ( p < 0.001 ) , and dynamic power ( p < 0.001 ) , as well as decreases in percentage body fat ( p < 0.05 ) . Across the 8-week strength RT phase , SS experienced significantly greater increases in LBM ( p = 0.001 ) , flat machine bench press 1-RM ( p < 0.001 ) , bilateral leg press 1-RM ( p < 0.001 ) , narrow/neutral grip lat pulldown ( p < 0.01 ) , and Margaria stair-climbing power ( p < 0.001 ) , compared to SL . Conclusions This study suggests 8 weeks of periodized high-intensity strength RT with shortened RI induces significantly greater enhancements in body composition , muscular performance , and functional performance , compared to the same RT prescription with extended RI , in older men . Applied professionals may optimize certain RT-induced adaptations , by incorporating shortened RI This study aim ed to investigate the effects of training on health-related quality of life ( HRQoL ) , body composition , and function in older adults . Fifty participants were r and omized into aerobic training ( AT—70%-80 % HRreserve ) , resistance training ( RT—80 % 1RM ) , or controls . They had HRQoL , body composition , and function assessed before and after 8 months . Training groups reduced body fat , increased performance in the stair ascent , 8-ft up- and -go and sit-to-st and five-times tests , and improved their physical component score ( PCS ; p ≤ .03 ) . AT increased performance in the 6MWT test , and improved general and mental health ( MH ) domains when compared to controls ( p < .01 ) . Finally , changes in stair ascent were associated with changes in bodily pain , MH , and mental component score ( p ≤ .04 ) , while changes in h and grip strength were associated with changes in physical role and MH ( p = .03 ) . AT and RT were effective interventions for decreasing body fat and improving functionality and the PCS in older adults Background : Data regarding the effect of exercise programmes on older adults ’  health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) and habitual physical activity are inconsistent . Objective : To determine whether a functional tasks exercise programme ( enhances functional capacity ) and a resistance exercise programme ( increases muscle strength ) have a different effect on the HRQOL and physical activity of community-dwelling older women . Methods : Ninety-eight women were r and omised to a  functional tasks exercise programme ( function group ) , a resistance exercise programme ( resistance group ) , or normal activity group ( control group ) . Participants attended exercise classes three times a week for 12 weeks . The SF-36 Health Survey question naire and self-reported physical activity were obtained at baseline , directly after completion of the intervention ( 3 months ) , and 6 months later ( 9 months ) . Results : At 3 months , no difference in mean change in HRQOL and physical activity scores was seen between the groups , except for an increased SF-36 physical functioning score for the resistance group compared with the control group ( p = 0.019 ) and the function group ( p = 0.046 ) . Between 3 and 9 months , the self-reported physical functioning score of the function group decreased to below baseline ( p = 0.026 ) , and physical activity ( p = 0.040 ) decreased in the resistance group compared with the function group . Conclusions : Exercise has a limited effect on the HRQOL and self-reported physical activity of community-living older women . Our results suggest that in these subjects HRQOL measures may be affected by ceiling effects and response shift . Studies should include performance-based measures in addition to self-report HRQOL measures , to obtain a better underst and ing of the effect of exercise interventions in older adults PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of moderate-intensity , progressive , upper-body resistance training ( RT ) on muscle strength and perceived performance of household physical activities ( HPA ) among women in cardiac rehabilitation . METHODS The 10-week , pretest-posttest , experiment r and omized women to either  usual care ( UC ) aerobic exercise or RT . Muscle strength for 5 upper-body RT exercises ( chest press , shoulder press , biceps curl , lateral row , and triceps extension ) was measured using the 1-Repetition Maximum Assessment . The RT group progressively increased weight lifted using 40 % , 50 % , and 60 % of obtained 1-Repetition Maximum Assessment at 3-week intervals . Perceived performance of HPA was measured with the Kimble Household Activities Scale . RESULTS The RT group ( n = 16 , mean age 64 ± 11 ) significantly increased muscle strength in all 5 exercises in comparison with the UC group ( n = 14 , mean age 65 ± 10 ) ( chest press , 18 % vs 11 % ; shoulder press , 24 % vs 14 % ; biceps curl , 21 % vs 12 % ; lateral row , 32 % vs 9 % ; and triceps extension , 28 % vs 20 % , respectively ) . By study end , Household Activities Scale scores significantly increased ( F = 13.878 , P = .001 ) in the RT group ( 8.75 ± 3.19 vs 11.25 ± 2.14 ) , whereas scores in the UC group decreased ( 8.60 ± 3.11 vs 6.86 ± 4.13 ) . CONCLUSION Progressive upper-body RT in women shows promise as an effective tool to increase muscle strength and improve the ability to perform HPA after a cardiac event . Beginning RT early after a cardiac event in a monitored cardiac rehabilitation environment can maximize the strengthening benefit Kell , RT , and Asmundson , GJG . A comparison of two forms of periodized exercise rehabilitation programs in the management of chronic nonspecific low-back pain . J Strength Cond Res 23(2 ) : 513 - 523 , 2009-The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of 2 different periodized exercise rehabilitation programs ( resistance training [ RT ] and aerobic training [ AT ] ) on musculoskeletal health , body composition , pain , disability , and quality of life ( QOL ) in chronic ( ≥3 months ; ≥3 d·wk−1 ) nonspecific low-back pain ( CLBP ) persons . Twenty-seven CLBP subjects were r and omly assigned to 1 of 3 groups , 1 ) RT ( n = 9 ) , 2 ) AT ( n = 9 ) , or 3 ) control ( C ; n = 9 ) . Subjects were tested at baseline and at weeks 8 and 16 of training . Intensity and volume were periodized in the training groups . Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05 . No significant differences were noted among the groups at baseline . The RT group significantly decreased body fat percent from baseline to week 8 and from baseline to week 16 , whereas the AT group significantly decreased body fat percent and body mass from baseline to week 16 . The RT group significantly improved most musculoskeletal fitness , pain , disability , and QOL outcomes from baseline to week 8 , baseline to week 16 , and weeks 8 to 16 . However , the AT group showed significant improvements in flexibility from baseline to week 8 and in cardiorespiratory and peak leg power from baseline to week 8 and baseline to week 16 . The AT groups showed no significant improvements in pain , disability , or QOL . The primary finding was that periodized RT was successful at improving many fitness , pain , disability , and QOL outcome measures , whereas AT was not . This study indicates that whole-body periodized RT can be used by training and conditioning personnel in the rehabilitation of those clients suffering with CLBP Resistance training ( RT ) has gained popularity as an effective form of exercise for older adults . However , the effects of RT on left ventricular ( LV ) morphology and systolic function in older persons is not well known . The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of 16 weeks of RT on LV morphology and systolic function in healthy older men . Subjects were r and omly assigned into a  RT group ( n = 10 ; mean+/- SD age , 68 + /- 3 years ) or a nonexercise control group ( n = 10 ; age 68 + /- 4 years ) .  RT was performed 3 times per week for 16 weeks at a mean intensity between 60 % and 80 % of 1 repetition maximum .  Leg and bench press 1 repetition maximum and 2-dimensional echocardiography  were performed at baseline and after 4 , 8 , 12 , and 16 weeks of training in the RT group . Sixteen weeks of RT was associated with an increase in leg press maximal strength ( baseline , 285 + /- 48 kg ; after 16 weeks , 367 + /- 47 kg ; p < 0.05 ) and bench press maximal strength ( baseline , 59 + /- 11 kg ; after 16 weeks , 69 + /- 11 kg ; p < 0.05 ) . No change in leg press maximal strength ( baseline , 291 + /- 59 kg ; after 16 weeks , 290 + /- 53 kg ; p > 0.05 ) or bench press maximal strength ( baseline , 60 + /- 9 kg ; after 16 weeks , 61 + /- 13 kg ; p > .05 ) was found in control subjects during the same time . RT was not associated with changes in LV cavity size , wall thickness , mass , or systolic function after 4 , 8 , 12 , and 16 weeks of exercise . Thus , 16 weeks of RT was sufficient to increase leg press and bench press maximal strength but did not alter the size or systolic function of the senescent left ventricle The short-term effects of an accessible exercise intervention on the strength and health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) among older adult women were evaluated . We conducted an 8-week resistance training intervention utilizing elastic b and s in 62 community-dwelling women with a mean age of 68 years . Participants were r and omly assigned to either an exercise or a control group . Pre- and postintervention assessment s included strength tests and HRQOL . Results revealed significant increases in three major muscles compared to the control group . However , there were no significant changes on either mental or physical health functioning . The elastic b and s provide older adult women with an inexpensive , practical exercise program that effectively increases strength within 8 weeks but may have little effect on self-reported HRQOL Purpose To examine the effects of 12 weeks of periodized resistance training ( RT ) with and without combined creatine and whey protein supplementation on changes in body composition , muscular strength , and functional performance . Methods Twenty-two male volunteers ( 68.1 ± 6.1 years ) were r and omly assigned to one of three groups : RT plus supplementation ( RTS , n = 7 ) ; RT only ( RT , n = 7 ) ; or control ( C , n = 8) . RTS consumed 0.3 g/kg/day of creatine for 5 days followed by 0.07 g/kg/day . RTS also consumed one 35 g liquid protein ready-to-drink daily . RT and RTS trained 3 days/week . Results Following 12 weeks of training , there were no significant differences in the main measured outcome variables between RT and RTS . RTS increased relative ( % change ) lean body mass ( LBM , 3.3 ± 3.1 % ) compared with C ( p = 0.01 ) . Compared to baseline , RT increased LBM at week 6 ( 60.2 ± 8.3 to 61.6 ± 9.4 kg ; p < 0.05 ) , and decreased fat mass ( 20.8 ± 4.2 to 19.0 ± 3.9 kg ; p = 0.05 ) and percentage body fat at week 12 ( 25.7 ± 3.8 to 23.8 ± 4.0 % ; p = 0.05 ) ; RTS increased LBM at week 6 ( p < 0.01 ) and week 12 ( 56.4 ± 4.3 to 58.2 ± 3.4 kg ; p < 0.01 ) , and decreased percentage body fat at week 12 ( 23.9 ± 4.4 to 22.0 ± 4.4 % ; p < 0.01 ) . In addition , compared to C , relative bench press 1-RM increased for RTS ( 72.4 ± 62.2 % ; p < 0.01 ) and RT ( 50.1 ± 21.5 % ; p = 0.05 ) ; relative leg press 1-RM increased for RTS ( 129.6 ± 39.4 % ; p < 0.0001 ) and RT ( 112.9 ± 22.7 % ; p < 0.0001 ) ; RTS increased relative Margaria stair-climbing power ( 38.3 ± 30.4 % ; p < 0.05 ) ; and , relative 400-m walk time decreased for RT ( −11 ± 9.2 % ; p < 0.05 ) and RTS ( −9.6 ± 9.4 % ; p = 0.05 ) . RT increased estimated VO2Max at week 6 ( p < 0.01 ) and 12 ( 34.6 ± 1.9 to 36.4 ± 2.7 ml/kg/min ; p = 0.01 ) compared to baseline . Lastly , RTS increased estimated VO2Max at week 12 ( 36.3 ± 2.7 to 37.5 ± 3.3 ml/kg/min ; p = 0.05 ) compared to baseline . Conclusion Creatine and whey protein supplementation may not provide additional benefits in older adults performing periodized RT to augment muscular and functional performance BACKGROUND Community-based interventions that incorporate resistance training ( RT ) and dietary changes have not been extensively studied in overweight and obese older adults . The purpose of this investigation was to determine the effects of a community-based RT and dietary intervention on physical function and body composition in overweight and obese older adults . METHODS Ninety-five overweight and obese ( BMI = 33.4±4.0 kg/m2 ) older adults aged 55 - 80 years completed an 8-week RT and dietary intervention at 4 Rhode Isl and senior centers . Participants performed RT twice-weekly using resistance tubing , dumbbells , and ankle weights . Participants also attended 1 weekly dietary counseling session on a modified Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet . Outcome measurements included anthropometrics , body composition , and physical function . RESULTS There were small changes in body mass ( -1.0±1.8 kg , P<.001 ) , waist circumference ( -5.2±3.8 cm , P<.001 ) , and percent body fat ( -0.5±1.4 % , P<.001 ) . In addition , significant improvements were observed in knee extensor torque ( + 7.9±19.1 N-m , P<.001 ) , h and grip strength ( + 1.2±2.5 kg , P<.001 ) , and 8-foot up- and -go test time ( -0.56±0.89 s , P<.001 ) . CONCLUSION Community-based RT and dietary modifications can improve body composition , muscle strength , and physical function in overweight and obese older adults . Future investigations should determine if this intervention is effective for long-term changes The delivery of efficient nonpharmacological treatment to prevent the loss of muscle mass in older adults is a major challenge , and information on the combined effects of training and diet is particularly important . Here we aim ed to evaluate the effects of 24 wk of resistance training combined with a healthy dietary approach ( n-6/n-3 ratio < 2 ) in a population of healthy and physically active older women ( 65 - 70 years ) . The three-armed r and omized controlled trial included a resistance training + healthy diet group ( RT-HD ) , a resistance training group ( RT ) , and controls ( CON ) . All subjects included in the study were physically active and had low levels of serum inflammatory markers . In accordance with the dietary goals , the  n-6/n-3 ratio dietary intake significantly decreased only in RT-HD by 42 % . An increase in 1 repetition maximum in leg extension occurred in RT ( + 20.4 % ) and RT-HD ( + 20.8 % ) , but not in CON . Interestingly , leg lean mass significantly increased only in RT-HD ( + 1.8 % ) . While there were no changes in serum C-reactive protein and IL-6 levels , a significant decrease in serum level of the pro-inflammatory precursor arachidonic acid ( -5.3 ± 9.4 % ) together with an increase in serum n-3 docosahexaenoic acid ( + 8.3 % ) occurred only in RT-HD . Altogether , this study demonstrates that the effects of resistance training on muscle mass in healthy older adults can be optimized by the adoption of a healthy diet
Among the physical health measures , RT had the largest effect on body pain ( ES=0.81 , 95 % CI : 0.26 - 1.35 , I2=85.9).Initially , RT did not significantly affect measures of emotional role function , social function or physical role function .
However , after removing a single study , RT significantly increased all HRQOL measures .
Conclusion : The meta-analytic evidence presented in this research clearly supports the promotion of RT in improving HRQOL in older adults
Background : Resistance training ( RT ) is recommended as part of our national physical activity guidelines which includes working all major muscle groups on two or more days a week .
Older adults can gain many health benefits from RT , such as increased muscle strength , increased muscle mass , and maintenance of bone density .
Additionally , certain dimensions of health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) have been shown to improve in older adults due to RT intervention .
The purpose of this study was to use systematic review and meta-analytic techniques to examine the effect of RT on HRQOL in older adults .