Absence of exercise-induced variations in adiponectin levels despite decreased abdominal adiposity and improved insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic men. Impact of a mixed strength and endurance exercise intervention on levels of adiponectin, high molecular weight adiponectin and leptin in breast cancer survivors Effects of individual and combined dietary weight loss and exercise interventions in postmenopausal women on adiponectin and leptin levels. Is serum leptin related to physical function and is it modifiable through weight loss and exercise in older adults with knee osteoarthritis? The influence of very-low-calorie-diet on serum leptin, soluble leptin receptor, adiponectin and resistin levels in obese women. Effects of a Walking Intervention Using Mobile Technology and Interactive Voice Response on Serum Adipokines Among Postmenopausal Women at Increased Breast Cancer Risk Leptin and adiponectin responses in overweight inactive elderly following resistance training and detraining are intensity related. Effects of aerobic exercise on serum leptin levels in obese women Favorable effects of low-fat and low-carbohydrate dietary patterns on serum leptin, but not adiponectin, among overweight and obese premenopausal women: a randomized trial Exercise and dietary advice intervention for survivors of triple-negative breast cancer: effects on body fat, physical function, quality of life, and adipokine profile Circulating cytokines as determinants of weight loss-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity Orlistat for obesity: benefits beyond weight loss. Weight loss due to a very low calorie diet differentially affects insulin sensitivity and interleukin-6 serum levels in nondiabetic obese human subjects. Effect of Diet and Exercise on Body Composition, Energy Intake and Leptin Levels in Overweight Women and Men Nordic walking decreased circulating chemerin and leptin concentrations in middle-aged men with impaired glucose regulation Effects of long-term exercise and diet intervention on plasma adipokine concentrations. Exercise-Induced Dose-Response Alterations in Adiponectin and Leptin Levels Are Dependent on Body Fat Changes in Women at Risk for Breast Cancer
OBJECTIVE We investigated the effect of an intensive training program on fasting leptin and adiponectin levels . METHODS Sixteen middle-aged men with type 2 diabetes were r and omly assigned to either a training or control group . The training program consisted of 8 weeks of supervised endurance exercise ( 75 % VO(2peak ) , 45 min ) twice a week , with intermittent exercise ( five 2 min exercises at 85 % VO(2peak ) separated by 3 min exercises at 50 % VO(2peak ) ) once a week , on an ergocycle . RESULTS Training decreased abdominal fat by 44 % , increased mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area by 24 % , and improved insulin sensitivity by 58 % without significant change in body weight . Compared with controls , no significant variation in leptin or adiponectin levels was observed . However , in the trained group , change in adiponectin correlated with change in body weight ( Spearman rank correlation , r(s):-0.76 , P=0.03 ) but not with insulin sensitivity or abdominal adiposity variations . CONCLUSIONS An 8 week intensive training program inducing a marked reduction in abdominal fat and increase in insulin sensitivity does not affect adiponectin and leptin levels in men with type 2 diabetes Evidence suggests that exercise affects breast cancer risk and outcomes , but little is known about the mechanisms through which this effect may be mediated . This study examines the impact of exercise upon levels of adiponectin , high molecular weight adiponectin ( HMWA ) , and leptin in breast cancer survivors . Methods One hundred and one sedentary , overweight breast cancer survivors were r and omized to a 16-week exercise intervention or usual care control group . Anthropometric measurements were taken and fasting levels of adiponectin , HMWA and leptin were collected at baseline and 16 weeks . Results Baseline and week-16 measurements were available for 81 patients . The exercise group experienced a significant decrease in hip measurements , with no change in weight or body composition . There were no significant changes in adiponectin , HMWA , or leptin in either group . Modeling analyses demonstrated a significant inverse relationship between changes in leptin and adiponectin , but no relationship between changes in BMI , waist or hip circumference , or body fat percentage and change in leptin or adiponectin . Conclusions This study did not demonstrate a significant change in adipocytokine levels in breast cancer survivors participating in an exercise intervention  , suggesting that further work is needed to explore the mechanisms through which exercise may impact breast cancer BACKGROUND Excess body weight and a sedentary lifestyle are associated with the development of several diseases , including cardiovascular disease , diabetes and cancer in women . One proposed mechanism linking obesity to chronic diseases is an alteration in adipose-derived adiponectin and leptin levels . We investigated the effects of 12-month reduced calorie , weight loss and exercise interventions on adiponectin and leptin concentrations . METHODS Overweight/obese postmenopausal women ( n = 439 ) were r and omized as follows : ( i ) a reduced calorie , weight-loss diet ( diet ; N = 118 ) , ( ii  ) moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise ( exercise ; N = 117 ) , ( iii ) a combination of a reduced calorie , weight-loss diet and moderate-to-vigorous intensity aerobic exercise ( diet + exercise ; N = 117 ) , and ( iv ) control ( N = 87 ) . The reduced calorie diet had a 10 % weight-loss goal . The exercise intervention consisted of 45 min of moderate-to-vigorous aerobic activity 5 days per week . Adiponectin and leptin levels were measured at baseline and after 12 months of intervention using a radioimmunoassay . RESULTS Adiponectin increased by 9.5 % in the diet group and 6.6 % in the diet + exercise group ( both P ≤ 0.0001 vs. control ) . Compared with controls , leptin decreased with all interventions ( diet + exercise , -40.1 % , P < 0.0001 ; diet , -27.1 % , P < 0.0001 ; exercise , -12.7 % , P = 0.005 ) . The results were not influenced by the baseline body mass index ( BMI ) . The degree of weight loss was inversely associated with concentrations of adiponectin  ( diet , P-trend = 0.0002 ; diet + exercise , P-trend = 0.0005 ) and directly associated with leptin ( diet , P-trend < 0.0001 ; diet + exercise , P-trend < 0.0001 ) . CONCLUSION Weight loss through diet or diet + exercise  increased adiponectin concentrations . Leptin concentrations decreased in all of the intervention groups , but the greatest reduction occurred with diet + exercise . Weight loss and exercise exerted some beneficial effects on chronic diseases via effects on adiponectin and leptin OBJECTIVE : To determine the effect of weight loss and exercise interventions on serum leptin and to investigate the relationship of physical function and osteoarthritis ( OA ) severity with serum leptin in older overweight and obese adults with knee OA . In addition , the study examined if serum leptin predicts weight loss . DESIGN : Longitudinal , controlled clinical trial of weight loss and exercise interventions .SUBJECTS : Community dwelling , older , overweight and obese adults ( n=316 ; > 60 years of age ; body mass index ≥28.0 kg m−2 ) with symptomatic knee OA and self-reported difficulty in performing selected physical activities were recruited . INTERVENTIONS : Participants were r and omized into one of four groups for the 18-month study duration : Healthy Lifestyle Controls , Dietary Weight Loss ( Diet ) , Exercise Training ( Exercise ) , and a combination of Dietary Weight Loss and Exercise Training ( Diet+Exercise ) . The weight loss goal for the two Diet groups was 5 % from baseline at 18 months . Participants in the Exercise groups were trained for 3 days week−1 , 60 min day−1 . MEASUREMENTS : Body weight , body mass index , serum leptin , physical function , and OA severity were measured at baseline , 6 months , and 18 months . RESULTS : Diet and Diet+Exercise groups lost 5.3 and 6.1 % of their weight , respectively , at 18 months with the Exercise group losing 2.9 % . There was a significant main effect of weight loss on serum leptin with a decrease in serum leptin averaged across the 6- and 18-month time points for the Diet and Diet+Exercise groups compared to the other two groups ( β=0.245 ; P<0.01 ) . No main effect  for exercise training was observed . Serum leptin was related to self-reported physical function . In all participants , a mixed model analysis demonstrated that lower levels of baseline serum leptin predict larger weight loss ( β=−2.779 ; P=0.048 ) . CONCLUSION : Decreases in serum leptin may be one mechanism by which weight loss improves physical function and symptoms in OA patients The aim of our study was to determine whether adipocyte-derived hormones leptin , adiponectin and resistin contribute to the improvement of insulin sensitivity after very-low calorie diet ( VLCD ) . Therefore , serum levels of these hormones were measured in fourteen obese females before and after three weeks VLCD and in seventeen age- and sex-matched healthy controls .  Body mass index , HOMA index , serum insulin and leptin levels in obese women before VLCD were significantly higher than in control group ( BMI 48.01+/-2.02 vs. 21.38+/-0.42 kg/m(2 ) , HOMA 10.72+/-2.03 vs. 4.69+/-0.42 , insulin 38.63+/-5.10 vs. 18.76+/-1.90 microIU/ml , leptin 77.87+/-8.98 vs. 8.82+/-1.52 ng/ml ) . In contrast , serum adiponectin and soluble leptin receptors levels were significantly lower in obese women before VLCD than in the control group . No differences were found in serum glucose and resistin levels between the obese group before VLCD and the control group . VLCD significantly decreased BMI , HOMA index , serum glucose , insulin and leptin levels and increased soluble leptin receptor levels . The changes in serum adiponectin and resistin levels in obese women after VLCD did not reach statistical significance . We conclude that leptin and soluble leptin receptor levels were affected by VLCD while adiponectin and resistin concentrations were not . Therefore , other mechanisms rather than changes in the endocrine function of the adipose tissue are probably involved in the VLCD-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity Practical methods to reduce the risk of obesity-related breast cancer among high-risk subgroups are lacking . Few studies have investigated the effects of exercise on circulating adipokines , which have been shown to be associated with obesity and breast cancer . The aim of this study was to examine the effects of a walking intervention on serum adiponectin , leptin , and the adiponectin-to-leptin ratio ( A/L ) .  Seventy-one overweight and obese postmenopausal women at increased risk of developing breast cancer were stratified by BMI ( 25–30 kg/m2 or > 30 kg/m2 ) and r and omized to a 12-week , two-arm walking intervention administered through interactive voice response ( IVR ) and mobile devices . The intervention arms were IVR + coach and IVR + no-coach condition . Pre – post changes in serum adiponectin , leptin , and the A/L ratio were examined using mixed regression models , with ratio estimates ( and 95 % confidence intervals [ CI ] ) corresponding to postintervention adipokine concentrations relative to preintervention concentrations . While postintervention effects included statistically significant improvements in anthropometric measures , the observed decreases in adiponectin and leptin ( ratio = 0.86 , 95 % CI 0.74–1.01 , and ratio = 0.94 , 95 % CI 0.87–1.01 , respectively ) and increase in A/L ratio = 1.09 , 95 % CI 0.94–1.26 ) were not significant . Thus , these findings do not support significant effects of the walking intervention on circulating adipokines among overweight and obese postmenopausal women . Additional studies are essential to determine the most effective and practical lifestyle interventions that can promote beneficial modification of serum adipokine concentrations , which may prove useful for obesity-related breast cancer prevention CONTEXT Adiponectin and leptin are closely related to weight control and energy balance , whereas exercise affects elderly metabolic regulation and functional capacity . OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to investigate leptin and adiponectin responses in elderly males after exercise training and detraining .  DESIGN The study design was a 1-yr r and omized controlled trial . SETTING The study was performed at the Laboratory of Physical Education and Sport Science Department . PARTICIPANTS Fifty inactive men [ age , 65 - 78 yr ; body mass index ( BMI ) , 28.7 - 30.2 kg/m2 ] were recruited from a volunteer data base by word of mouth and fliers sent to medical practitioners , physiotherapists , and nursing homes in the local community . INTERVENTION(S ) Participants were r and omly assigned to a control ( n = 10 ) , low-intensity ( n = 14 ) , moderate-intensity ( n = 12 ) , or high-intensity training ( HI ; n = 14 ) group . Resistance training ( 6 months , 3 d/wk , 10 exercises/three sets ) was followed by 6 months of detraining . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Strength , exercise energy cost , skinfold sum , body weight , maximal oxygen consumption , resting metabolic rate ( RMR ) , and plasma leptin and adiponectin were determined at baseline and after training and detraining . RESULTS Strength , maximal oxygen consumption , RMR , and exercise energy cost increased ( P < 0.05 ) after training in an intensity-dependent manner . Skinfold sum and BMI were reduced by resistance training ( P < 0.05 ) , with HI being more effective ( P < 0.05 ) than moderate-intensity/low-intensity training . Leptin was diminished ( P < 0.05 ) by all treatments , whereas adiponectin increased ( P < 0.05 ) only in HI . Detraining maintained training-induced changes only in HI . The percent leptin decrease was associated ( P < 0.05 ) with the percent BMI decrease and the percent RMR increase , whereas the percent adiponectin increase was associated ( P < 0.05 ) with the percent BMI decrease . CONCLUSIONS Resistance training and detraining may alter leptin and adiponectin responses in an intensity-dependent manner . Leptin and adiponectin changes were strongly associated with RMR and anthropometric changes Abstract It has been demonstrated that leptin concentrations in obese patients may be altered by weight loss . We examined the effects of a 9-week aerobic exercise program on serum leptin concentrations in overweight women ( 20–50 % above ideal body mass ) under conditions of weight stability . Sixteen overweight women , mean ( SE ) age 42.75 ( 1.64 ) years , comprised the exercise group which adhered to a supervised aerobic exercise program . A grade d exercise treadmill test was conducted before and after the exercise program to determine  maximal oxygen uptake ( V˙O2max ) using open-circuit spirometry . The women demonstrated improved aerobic fitness ( V˙O2max increased 12.29 % ) , however , body fat and the body mass index did not change significantly [ 42.27 (1.35)–41.87 (1.33)% ] . Fourteen women , age 40.57 ( 2.80 ) years , did not exercise over the same time period and served as a control group . Serum leptin levels were not significantly altered for either the exercise [ 28.00 (2.13)–31.04 ( 2.71 ) ng · ml−1 ] or the control group [ 33.24 (3.78)–34.69 ( 3.14 ) ng · mg−1 ] . The data indicate that 9 weeks of aerobic exercise  improves aerobic fitness , but does not affect leptin concentrations in overweight women Purpose The most effective dietary pattern for breast cancer prevention has been greatly debated in recent years . Studies have examined hypocaloric diets , with particular emphasis on macronutrient composition , yielding inconclusive data . The objective of this study was to examine the effects of calorie-restricted low-fat and low-carbohydrate diets ( LFD and LCD , respectively ) on circulating adipokines among overweight and obese premenopausal women . Methods Seventy-nine overweight and obese premenopausal women were r and omized to either LFD or LCD , with increased physical activity , for 52 weeks . Serum adiponectin , leptin and the adiponectin-to-leptin ratio ( A/L ) were measured at baseline , and at weeks 34 and 52 to assess intervention effects . Results While there were no significant changes in serum adiponectin concentrations following the LCD and LFD interventions , leptin concentrations significantly decreased by week 34 of the intervention period ( LCD : 35.3 % , P = 0.004 ; LFD : 30.0 % , P = 0.01 ) , with no difference by intervention arm . At week 52 , these reductions were statistically non-significant , indicating a return to baseline levels by the end of the intervention . While there were non-significant increases in the A/L ratio following the LCD and LFD intervention arms , the overall trend , across groups , was marginally significant ( P = 0.05 ) with increases of 16.2 % and 35.1 % at weeks 34 and 52 , respectively . Conclusions These findings suggest that caloric-restricted LCD and LFD dietary patterns favorably modify leptin and possibly the A/L ratio , and lend support to the hypothesis that these interventions may be effective for obesity-related breast cancer prevention through their effects on biomarkers involved in metabolic pathways . Trial registration Clinical Trial Registration Number : NCT01559194 Purpose Regular exercise and healthy eating are routinely recommended for breast cancer survivors , and past studies show benefits in quality of life and decreased inflammation . However , this has not been tested specifically in triple-negative breast cancer survivors . Increasing physical activity and losing body fat are thought to positively affect inflammatory biomarkers that have been associated with breast cancer . Therefore , the primary purpose of this study was to determine if participation in an exercise and dietary counseling program can improve body fat , physical function , and quality of life in survivors of this aggressive breast cancer . Secondarily , we sought to determine if participation in the program had beneficial effects on obesity-related markers of the adipokine profile . Methods Sixty-six survivors of triple-negative breast cancer with BMI > 25 were invited to participate . Twenty-eight enrolled and 23 completed the r and omized , controlled trial ( 13 intervention , 10 control ) . Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise ( 150 min per week , for 12 weeks ) and diet counseling were compared to usual care , education only . The primary outcome of interest was weight loss ( body mass , BMI , % fat ) , and secondary outcomes included physical function ( exercise capacity ) , quality of life ( Function After Cancer Therapy — Breast ( FACT-B ) ) , cytokines ( C-reactive protein ( CRP ) , TNF-α , IL-6 ) , and adipokine profile ( leptin , adiponectin , insulin ) . Results Participants in the program  lost more body fat ( 2.4 % loss vs. 0.4 % gain , p < 0.05 ) than the control group . The intervention group also improved quality of life ( FACT-B total score + 14 pts ) and decreased sedentary time but did not improve peak exercise capacity . The intervention had no effect on serum cytokines and adipokines after 12 weeks in the program . However , serum leptin and adiponectin and their ratio were significantly correlated with BMI in the intervention group ( p < 0.05 ) . Conclusions Exercise and dietary counseling led to loss of body fat and improved quality of life in survivors of triple-negative breast cancer . BMI was associated with favorable changes in leptin and adiponectin which may reflect a change in adiposity with intervention . Exercise and healthy eating may be equally effective in this high-risk population as in other breast cancer survivors and should be encouraged as a part of a cancer survivorship program Dietary calorie restriction and exercise promote weight loss and may have additive effects for improving insulin sensitivity , independent of weight loss . It is not known if these effects are attributable to changes in circulating cytokines . We evaluated the hypothesis that modest , matched weight loss induced by calorie restriction and exercise have additive effects on circulating cytokines and these changes correlate with improvements in insulin sensitivity . Overweight and sedentary women and men ( n = 52 , 45–65 years ) were r and omized to undergo 7 % weight loss by using 3–6 months of calorie restriction , exercise , or a combination of both calorie restriction and exercise . Concentrations of cytokines and hormones were measured in fasting and oral glucose tolerance test blood sample s. Insulin sensitivity was estimated based on oral glucose tolerance test for glucose and insulin . With all groups combined , fasting leptin ( p < 0.0001 ) and high molecular weight adiponectin ( p = 0.04 ) decreased and pentraxin-3 increased ( p < 0.0001 ) , in a manner that correlated with improvements in insulin sensitivity ( all p ≤ 0.0002 ) . These changes , combined with decreases in glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide from the oral glucose tolerance test , explained 63 % of the variance ( p < 0.0001 ) in insulin sensitivity improvements . Exercise and calorie restriction had additive effects on leptin , with a similar trend for high molecular weight adiponectin . Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and C-reactive protein concentrations did not change . Calorie restriction and exercise had opposite effects on soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor-1 .  Modest weight loss in overweight adults  decreases serum leptin and high molecular weight adiponectin , and increases pentraxin-3 concentrations in a manner that correlates with increased insulin sensitivity . Exercise has additive effects to those induced by calorie restriction for reductions in leptin and possibly adiponectin . These changes may contribute to the additive effects of calorie restriction and exercise for improving insulin sensitivity Orlistat lowers lipids and improves insulin sensitivity , but its effect on other metabolic syndrome related parameters is not known . To assess its influence on adiponectin , high sensitive C-reactive protein ( hs-CRP ) and other metabolic syndrome related parameters , this study enrolled 106 participants in a weight-reduction program and categorized them into a group of 51 who had been treated with orlistat 360 mg/day for one year and a group of 55 age and sex and body mass index ( BMI ) matched controls . The orlistat group had greater changes in BMI , % body fat ( % BF ) , waist circumference , and insulin resistance , hs-CRP , leptin and adiponectin levels after one year on the program than the controls . After adjusting for % BF and waist circumference , change of serum leptin and adiponectin levels remained significantly different . It was found that orlistat could effectively manage obesity related co-morbidities , especially insulin resistance and atherosclerosis risk . It decreases leptin and increases adiponectin independent of % BF and waist circumference . Therefore , orlistat appears to have anti-diabetic and anti-atherogenic properties and may help prevent metabolic syndrome in the overweight people Inflammatory mechanisms are involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes with interleukin (IL)-6 being particularly important . While long term exercise has been shown to be associated with reduction in IL-6 serum levels in several reports , the discussion on the effect of dietary intervention on IL-6 serum levels is controversial . In the present study , we aim ed to investigate the effect of weight loss due to a very low calorie diet ( VLCD ) on insulin sensitivity and IL-6 serum levels in nondiabetic obese human individuals . 10 patients with obesity were examined during 12 weeks of a VLCD ( 800 kcal/d ) . Body composition was measured by impedance analysis . Blood sample s were taken before , during , and after the dietary intervention .  Leptin , adiponectin , and IL-6 serum levels were measured by ELISA . The body weight decreased significantly from 123.9±6.2 - 103.5±5.6 kg with a significant reduction in body fat content ( 43.2±2.3 - 36.1±3.1 % ) . Leptin levels exhibited a significant decrease from 56.8±5.6 - 27.9±5.6 ng/ml while adiponectin levels increased significantly from 7.5±0.9 - 10.6±1.1 μg/ml . Thereby the leptin-to-adiponectin ratio , a novel marker for insulin sensitivity , significantly improved . Mean IL-6 serum concentrations were within the normal range ( 3.2±0.8 pg/ml ) before the study and were not significantly altered by the nutritional therapy . Despite improvement of insulin sensitivity , IL-6 serum levels did not change throughout the study period , suggesting that in nondiabetic obese human subjects IL-6 might have only a minor role in the impairment of insulin sensitivity Objective : To investigate the effect of diet alone ( D ) , exercise alone ( E ) , and a combination of diet and exercise ( DE ) on body weight , body composition , energy intake , blood pressure , serum lipid and leptin levels , and fitness levels in mildly obese sedentary women and men . Design : The three interventions were compared in a r and omized longitudinal study design . The exercise programs were supervised for six months , after which participants in E and DE were provided with exercise equipment to take home . Subjects : 90 adult overweight women and men ( age : 44.2 ± 7.2 years ; BMI = 30.5 ± 2.7 kg/m2 ) . Measurements : Body weight , body composition , waist and hip circumferences , blood pressure , serum lipid levels , and fitness levels were evaluated at 0 , 3 , 6 , 9 , and 12 months . Serum leptin concentrations were measured at 0 and 6 months only . Results : At 6 and 9 months in women , and 9 months in men , DE demonstrated a significant loss of body weight compared to both D and E ( p < 0.05 ) . Serum leptin levels significantly decreased from baseline to 6 months in women in D ( p = 0.05 ) and DE ( p = 0.0003 ) and men in E ( p = 0.038 ) . At one year , no significant differences existed among groups in any of the measures . Conclusion : A combination of diet and exercise result ed in a significant decrease in body weight in women and men ; but this decrease was not maintained at one year follow-up . Serum leptin concentrations showed significant within-group decreases , but were not different among groups . A supervised diet and exercise program is effective for weight loss ; however , once intensive participant-investigator and participant-participant contact is discontinued , weight regain ensures Abstract Background . Dysfunction of adipose tissue is one of the major factors leading to insulin resistance . Altered adipokine concentration is an early sign of adipose tissue dysfunction . The aim of this study was to assess the impact of exercise intervention on adipokine profile , glycemic control , and risk factors of the metabolic syndrome ( MeS ) in men with impaired glucose regulation ( IGR ) . Methods . Overweight and obese men with IGR ( n = 144 ) aged 40–65 years were studied at baseline and at 12 weeks in a r and omized controlled multicenter intervention study .  BMI varied from 25.1 to 34.9 . The subjects were r and omized into one of three groups : 1 ) a control group ( C ; n = 47 ) , 2 ) a Nordic walking group ( NW ; n = 48 ) , or 3 ) a resistance training group ( RT ; n = 49 ) . Results . Leptin concentrations decreased in the NW group compared to both other groups . Both types of exercise intervention significantly decreased serum chemerin concentrations compared to the C group . In the NW group also body fat percentage , fatty liver index ( FLI ) , and total and LDL cholesterol concentrations decreased compared to the RT group . Conclusions . Nordic walking intervention seems to decrease chemerin and leptin levels , and subjects in this intervention group achieved the most beneficial effects on components of BACKGROUND In a r and omized , controlled , 2 x 2 factorial trial on the effect of long-term changes in diet and exercise , a significant reduction in body weight and fat mass was observed . Alterations in leptin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 concentrations were previously reported from this study . OBJECTIVE We examined the separate and combined effects of a 1-y exercise and diet intervention on several adipokines ; adiponectin , interleukin-6 and -8 , tumor necrosis factor-alpha , monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 , hepatocyte growth factor , nerve growth factor , C-reactive protein , and resistin . DESIGN One hundred eighty-eight men with several risk factors for diabetes and cardiovascular disease were r and omly allocated to 4 groups : diet , exercise , combined diet and exercise , and control . RESULTS Plasma adiponectin concentrations remained unchanged , whereas body mass index and fat mass decreased after dietary changes and an increase in physical activity . In the control group , adiponectin concentrations were reduced . Analyzed according to the factorial design , only diet intervention had a significant ( P = 0.03 ) positive effect on plasma adiponectin relative to control , and this effect was largely explained by changes in fat mass . After adjustment for change in percentage body fat , there were significant positive effects on tumor necrosis factor-alpha in all 3 intervention groups ( P = 0.01 for the diet group , 0.03 for the exercise group , and 0.05 for the combined diet and exercise group ) . Minor changes were observed for the other adipokines . Neither baseline concentrations of nor changes in adiponectin and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 were significantly correlated to the other adipokines , whereas concentrations of and changes in the other adipokines were significantly correlated . CONCLUSION Diet intervention had a significant positive effect on adiponectin concentrations , which is largely explained by a reduction in fat mass Background : Dysregulation of adipokines , such as adiponectin and leptin , is associated with a variety of chronic diseases , including cancer . Physical activity protects against breast cancer and one of the mechanisms which may underlie this association is exercise-induced changes in adipokine levels . The WISER Sister Trial was a three-armed r and omized controlled trial in premenopausal women ( n = 137 ) with an elevated risk for breast cancer . Methods : A 5-menstrual-cycle-long dosed aerobic exercise intervention compared low-dose exercise ( 150 min/wk ; n = 44 ) or high-dose exercise ( 300 min/wk ; n = 48 ) with a control group asked to maintain usual activity levels ( n = 45 ) . Exercise intensity progressed to and was maintained at 70 % to 80 % of age predicted heart rate max . Body composition and adipokine levels were measured at baseline and follow-up . Results : We observed significant linear trends for increased fitness capacity ( Δ% : −2.0 % control , 10.1 % low dose , 13.1 % high dose ) , decreased fat tissue-to-total tissue mass ( Δ% : 0.7 % control , −2.9 % low dose , −3.7 % high dose ) , increased body fat adjusted adiponectin ( Δ% : −0.6 % control , 0.6 % low dose , 0.9 % high dose ) , and decreased body fat adjusted leptin ( Δ% : 0.7 % control , −8.2 % low dose , −10.2 % high dose ) . Conclusions : In this r and omized clinical trial of premenopausal women at risk for breast cancer , we demonstrate a dose – response effect of exercise on adiponectin and leptin and that dose response is dependent on changes in body fat . Impact : Improved adipokine levels , achieved by aerobic exercise training-induced decreases in body fat , may decrease breast cancer risk for high-risk premenopausal women . Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev ; 25(8 ) ; 1195–200 . © 2016 AACR
Exercise , particularly aerobic exercise , had a significant effect on serum leptin and a possible influence on adiponectin levels , suggesting its therapeutic implication
Previous reports have shown that exercise improves serum leptin and adiponectin abnormalities in overweight and obese individuals ; however , results to date are controversial .
Here we performed a systematic review and meta- analysis of the available r and omized controlled trials ( RCTs ) of the possible beneficial action of exercise on serum leptin and adiponectin levels in overweight and obese individuals .