Comparative evaluation of calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide eugenol as root canal filling materials for primary molars: a clinical and radiographic study. Comparison of zinc oxide and eugenol, and Vitapex for root canal treatment of necrotic primary teeth. Success of pulpectomy with zinc oxide-eugenol vs calcium hydroxide/iodoform paste in primary molars: a clinical study. Evaluation of various root canal filling materials in primary molar pulpectomies: an in vivo study. Success rates of mineral trioxide aggregate, ferric sulfate, and formocresol pulpotomies: a 24-month study. Evaluation of a mixture of zinc oxide, calcium hydroxide, and sodium fluoride as a new root canal filling material for primary teeth. Assessment of a novel alternative to conventional formocresol-zinc oxide eugenol pulpotomy for the treatment of pulpally involved human primary teeth: diode laser-mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomy. Clinical and radiological evaluation of zinc oxide-eugenol and Maisto's paste as obturating materials in infected primary teeth--nine months study. Postoperative assessment of diode laser zinc oxide eugenol and mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomy procedures in children: A comparative clinical study Potassium nitrate-zinc oxide eugenol temporary cement for provisional crowns to diminish postpreparation tooth pain. Primary molar pulpotomies with different hemorrhage control agents and base materials: A randomized clinical trial Clinical evaluation of three restorative materials applied in a minimal intervention caries treatment approach. In vitro evaluation of sealing pits and fissures with newer glass-ionomer cements developed for the ART technique. Influence of zinc-oxide eugenol, formocresol, and ferric sulfate on bond strength of dentin adhesives to primary teeth. 'Volumetric analysis of hand and rotary root canal instrumentation and filling in primary teeth using Spiral Computed Tomography' - an invitro study. The effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate, calcium hydroxide and formocresol for pulpotomies in primary teeth. Clinical evaluation of glutaraldehyde with calcium hydroxide and glutaraldehyde with zinc oxide eugenol in pulpotomy of primary molars.
Calcium hydroxide , a material widely used for the treatment of permanent teeth has not been used frequently for pulpectomy in primary teeth . A comparative evaluation of calcium hydroxide and zinc oxide eugenol used as  root canal filling material s in primary molars is presented OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to evaluate iodoform base material s for root canal treatment of necrotic primary teeth , and to compare them with traditionally used zinc oxide and eugenol ( ZOE ) . SAMPLE AND METHODS Zinc oxide and eugenol and Vitapex ( a premixed calcium hydroxide and iodoform paste ) were compared for root canal treatment in 52 necrotic primary teeth in two groups of children with a mean age of 5 years and 8.4 months . All the patients were followed-up clinical ly and radiographically 3 months and 10 - 16 months postoperatively . RESULTS The overall success rates of Vitapex and ZOE were 100 % and 78.5 % , respectively . Using Fisher 's Exact Test , the difference was statistically significant ( P < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Both ZOE and Vitapex gave encouraging results .  Vitapex , however , can be used more safely whenever there is a doubt about the patient 's return for follow-up PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and radiographic success rates of zinc oxide-eugenol cement ( ZOE ) vs calcium hydroxide/iodoform paste ( Vitapex ) in pulpectomized primary molars at 6 and 12 months . METHODS Fifty-four m and ibular primary molars from 42 children ( average age 5.6 + /- 1.2 years ) that met the inclusion criteria were allocated to either test material via block r and omization . A 1-visit pulpectomy and stainless steel crown was performed by 1 investigator . The clinical and radiographic diagnoses were blindly assessed by another investigator with an intraexaminer reliability of 0.85 to 0.95 ( kappa value ) . RESULTS At 6 and 12 months , the ZOE success rates were 48 % and 85 % , respectively , and the  Vitopex success rates were 78 % and 89 % . The difference in success rates between material s at 6 months was statistically significant , but at 12 months it was not . CONCLUSIONS Vitapex appeared to resolve furcation pathology at a foster rate than zinc oxide-eugenol at 6 months , while at 12 months , both material s yielded similar results PURPOSE To evaluate the clinical and radiographic success of zinc oxide-eugenol ( ZOE ) , Calcicur , Sealapex and Vitapex in primary molar pulpectomies . METHODS 80 primary molars , showing signs of pulpal and /or periapical involvement , with no abnormal mobility , were selected from 76 children aged between 4 - 9 years-old , free from systemic disease . Radiographic evaluation was done to exclude teeth showing internal or pathological external root resorption and /or inadequate bone support . The selected teeth ( 20 in each group ) were r and omly treated with ZOE , Sealapex , Calcicur and Vitapex . The procedure involved primarily a one-visit pulpectomy . The teeth were evaluated clinical ly and radiographically every 2 months for a period of 18 months . RESULTS In the ZOE group , all pulpectomies were successful . In the Sealapex group , two pulpectomies and in the Calcicur group , four pulpectomies showed complete resorption of the material in the root canal . Although re-treatment was performed , those teeth had to be removed due to pathological root resorption . In the Vitapex group , although six pulpectomies showed resorption of the filling material within the canals , this had no effect on the clinical and radiographical success of the treatment PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the total success rates of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) , ferric sulfate ( FS ) , and formocresol ( FC ) as pulpotomy agents in primary molars . METHODS A r and omized , split-mouth study design was used in 32 healthy 5- to 7-year-old children with 128 carious primary molars without clinical or radiographic evidence of pulp degeneration . The pulpotomy agents were assigned as follows : Group 1=MTA ; Group 2=FS ; Group 3=1:5 diluted Buckley 's FC ; and Group 4=zinc oxide eugenol ( ZOE ) base . Clinical and radiographic follow-up at 6 , 12 , and 24 months used the following criteria : pain ; swelling ; sinus tract ; mobility ; internal root resorption ; and furcation and /or periapical bone destruction . The data were analyzed using chi-square . RESULTS No significant differences in success rates were found among the groups at 6 and 12 months . Success rates in groups 1 to 4 at 24 months were 96 % , 88 % , 88 % , and 68 % respectively . There was a significant difference ( P<.001 ) between the MTA and ZOE groups at 24 months . CONCLUSIONS ZOE , as the only pulpotomy medicament , had a significantly lower success rate than MTA . No significant differences were observed , among the 3 experimental material s ( MTA , FC , and FS ) at 2 years follow-up Endodontic treatment was performed on 25 pulpally involved m and ibular primary molars in 4 to 9-year-old children ; the root canals were obturated with a new root canal filling material consisting of a mixture of calcium hydroxide , zinc oxide , and 10 % sodium fluoride solution , using h and -operated lentulo-spirals . All cases were evaluated clinical ly every 3 months and also radiographically every 6 months to assess the success of the treatment ; we also examined the resorption of the root canal filling material from the root canals and the status of overpushed material , if any , as the tooth resorbed with the passage of time . At 6 months , endodontic treatment in 2 of the 25 teeth had failed and one tooth had exfoliated ; the remaining 22 teeth were without any signs or symptoms . At the end of 2 years , 14 teeth could be evaluated ; out of these 12 had physiologically exfoliated . It was observed that the rate of resorption of this new root canal obturating mixture was quite similar to the rate of physiologic root resorption in primary teeth . In three cases , where there was an overpush of the mixture , a gradual partial resorption was noted OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a diode laser pulpotomy with mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) sealing could be an acceptable alternative to the conventional formocresol pulpotomy and zinc oxide eugenol ( ZOE ) sealing in human primary teeth . METHODS A r and omized , single-blind , split-mouth study was used with a sample of 16 children aged from 3 to 8 years ( mean age=5.10 years ) . A total of 26 pairs of teeth from these 16 patients were selected based on clinical and radiographic criteria . One tooth from each pair was r and omly assigned to either the laser-MTA pulpotomy group or the formocresol-ZOE pulpotomy group . All teeth were followed up clinical ly and radiographically at 2.3 , 5.2 , 9.5 and 15.7 months . All extracted failures were sectioned and photographed to assess possible reasons for this . RESULTS A total of seven laser-MTA-treated teeth were deemed to be radiographic failures ( mean time until failure=9.1 months ) compared to three formocresol-ZOE treated teeth ( mean time until failure=12.5 months ) . These results were not significant using Fisher 's exact test ( P>0.05 ) . Six of the laser-MTA failures and all three formocresol-ZOE failures exhibited furcal and /or periapical radiolucencies with or without pathologic root resorption . One of the laser-MTA failures displayed premature root resorption and is being observed for exfoliation . Analysis of photographs of teeth available for extraction revealed errors in clinical technique in addition to expected signs of a disease process such as the presence of granulation tissue and areas of pathologic root resorption . CONCLUSIONS The laser-MTA pulpotomy showed reduced radiographic success rates compared to the formocresol-ZOE pulpotomy at 15.7 months ; however , these results were not statistically significant . Improved success rates among a larger patient sample and a longer follow-up period would be required for the laser-MTA pulpotomy to be considered a routine alternative to the conventional formocresol-ZOE procedure . Meticulous restorative techniques must be followed to ensure the success of laser-MTA pulpotomies The present study , performed in-vivo , included 30 infected primary teeth in 26 children in the age group of 3 - 8 years . The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of two obturating material s , zinc oxide-eugenol and Maisto 's paste , in infected primary teeth . 30 teeth were divided into two groups of 15 teeth . Teeth in Group I were obturated using zinc oxide-eugenol and those in Group II were obturated using Maisto 's paste . On clinical evaluation , teeth obturated with Maisto 's paste showed 100 % success . Five teeth that were overfilled with Maisto 's paste showed complete resorption of excess material within 3 months while the two teeth overfilled with zinc oxide-eugenol showed incomplete resorption of the excess material even after 9 months . Zinc oxide-eugenol treated cases showed only 26.7 % bone regeneration while in case of Maisto 's paste , it was 93 % . Complete healing of the inter-radicular pathology was seen with Maisto 's paste . However , the pathology was present in 40 % of the zinc oxide-eugenol treated teeth even after 9 months . Maisto 's paste was thus seen to be superior to zinc oxide-eugenol both in clinical as well as radiological evaluation , done over a period of 9 months in relation to bone regeneration , healing of inter-radicular pathology and resorption of excess material Aim : The present study is an attempt to compare and evaluate postoperative assessment of diode laser zinc oxide eugenol ( ZOE ) pulpotomy and diode laser mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) pulpotomy procedures in children . Material s and Methods : Forty carious primary molars indicated for pulpotomy within the age group of 4–9 years were selected and divided into two groups of 20 each using simple r and omization , Group 1 : Diode laser MTA and Group 2 : Diode laser ZOE pulpotomy . The teeth were evaluated clinical ly for 1 year at 3 , 6 , and 12 months interval and radiologically for 6 and 12 months . Results : Clinical ly and radiographically , 100 % teeth treated with diode laser MTA and 94 % treated with diode laser ZOE were considered successful after 12-month follow-up interval . No significant difference was seen between two groups . Conclusion : Despite the success rate , the cost factor of diode laser and MTA could be the limiting factor in its judicious use in pulpotomy procedure Pulpal injury commonly occurs with tooth preparation for complete fixed partial dentures . This can be documented by the substantial incidence of pain after tooth preparation . In this study , a 4 % potassium nitrate-zinc oxide eugenol temporary cement was used to secure provisional crowns over recently prepared teeth and it significantly reduced the incidence and severity of pain after tooth preparation and impression taking Objective : To evaluate the clinical and radiographical success of primary molar pulpotomies which used 15.5 % ferric sulfate ( FS ) or 1.25 % sodium hypochlorite ( NaOCl ) for hemostasis and zinc oxide – eugenol ( ZOE ) and calcium hydroxide ( CH ) pastes as base material s. Methods : In 29 healthy children , 80 primary molars were r and omly allocated to one of the study groups : Group 1 : FS-ZOE , Group 2 : FS-CH , Group 3 : NaOCl-ZOE , and Group 4 : NaOCl-CH . After hemostasis with the respective solutions , pulp stumps and floor of the pulp chambers were covered with either ZOE or CH pastes . All teeth were restored with stainless steel crowns . Follow-up examinations were carried out at 1 , 3 , 6 , and 12 months . Results : One tooth in Group 1 and two teeth in Group 4 were extracted because of pain and periapial pathosis at sixth month . After 12 months , clinical success rates of pulpotomies in Groups 1–4 were 95 % , 100 % , 100 % , and 89.5 % , respectively . The differences were not significant ( P = 0.548 ) . Radiographic success rates for Groups 1–4 were 80 % , 88.9 % , 78.9 % , and 84.2 % , respectively . No statistically significant difference was found ( P = 0.968 ) . Pain on percussion was the most observed clinical finding . However , internal root resorption was the most common radiological finding and it was observed significantly more in m and ibular primary molars ( P < 0.05 ) . Conclusion : Both ZOE and CH can be preferred as base material s after hemostasis achieved by the use of 15.5 % FS or 1.25 % NaOCl in primary tooth pulpotomy OBJECTIVES This paper reports on a longitudinal evaluation of three material s ( glass ionomer , zinc oxide-eugenol cement , and composite ) employed in a minimal restorative intervention approach of 81 high caries-active pregnant women selected for a preventive oral health program in Brazil . The aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical behavior of the glass ionomer cement , currently indicated in programs for control of carious lesions . METHODS The patients were r and omly divided into two groups . Both groups were engaged in an oral health promotion approach . In Group 1 , 417 glass ionomer restorations were placed in 43 individuals , involving all types and sizes of cavities . In the second group , 213 posterior zinc oxide-eugenol ( ZOE ) restorations and 127 anterior composite restorations were placed in 38 patients . Minimal cavity preparations were made , in which only soft or infected dentin was removed , on the basis of clinical judgment . RESULTS After two years , the restorations were clinical ly evaluated by two examiners for marginal integrity , amount of wear , presence of fracture , carious lesions , and lost restorations . Statistical analysis ( chi-square test ) identified statistically significant difference between glass ionomer and ZOE ( 90.6 % vs 9.2 % ) . Comparing glass ionomer and composite , similar survival rates were observed . The success rate observed for the glass ionomer cement ranged from 77.1 percent to 92.5 percent , depending on the type and size of cavity in which it was applied . Four teeth restored with glass ionomer cement and one tooth restored with composite showed caries signs . Regarding the ZOE restorations , caries was always associated with other causes of failure such as excessive wear , restoration loss , or marginal defects , with no possibility of separate evaluation . Despite the preventive and therapeutic measurements employed , a mean increase of 2.15 new surfaces with cavities was observed in Group 1 , as well as 2.83 surfaces presenting the same status in Group 2 . CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that highly viscous glass ionomer cement applied in a minimal intervention approach provided high- quality preventive and restorative care after two years to a population at high risk for caries . The composite was employed in cavities exposed to lower stress , such as in the anterior teeth , and its behavior was comparable to that of the glass ionomer cement . The reinforced ZOE presented a high failure rate , thus contraindicating its use for such purpose Four conventional glass-ionomer cements specifically developed for use with the atraumatic restorative treatment ( ART ) technique were compared with a resin-based sealant for marginal and surface dye penetration , material voids , and completeness of enamel fissure penetration .  Thirty sound permanent m and ibular molar teeth were r and omly divided into five groups . After delayed placement of the glass-ionomer cement sealants using st and ardized finger pressure , and conventional placement of the resin-based sealant using a dental probe , the teeth were first thermocycled then the crowns immersed in methylene blue dye before being sectioned . There were no statistically significant differences found between any of the five material s , apart from less marginal dye leakage being present for the resin-based sealant than for one of the glass-ionomer cements . The cements , however , showed better fissure penetration than did the sealant . Despite the delayed placement and higher viscosity , all of the glass-ionomer cements showed satisfactory penetration of the enamel fissures and minimal marginal and surface dye penetration , and material voids , when placed using firm finger pressure . The cements could prove to be useful in the dental treatment of apprehensive children This study evaluated in vitro the influence of a  temporary filling { zinc oxide-eugenol ( ZOE ) } and two pulpotomy agents { formocresol ( FC ) and ferric sulfate ( FS ) } on shear bond strength ( SBS ) of two dentin adhesives to the dentin of primary molars . A total of 80 dentin surfaces were prepared and r and omly allocated into 10 groups of 8 specimens each . Groups were subjected to different treatments , which included covering with a paste of ZOE mixed at different powder : liquid ( P : L ) ratios , placement on a gauze soaked in FC or FS , or they received no pretreatment and served as a control . XRV Herculite composite cylinders were bonded to dentin surfaces using Prime and Bond NT adhesive resin or Opti Bond Solo Plus adhesive resin . SBSs were determined using the lnstron testing machine running at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min . The use of ZOE mixed at the lower P : L ratio of 10g:2 g significantly decreased the values of SBS of the two adhesives . The use of two pulpotomy agents ( FC and FS ) significantly decreased the SBS of the two adhesives . The bond strength to dentin of primary teeth was influenced by the pulpotomy agents used and the ZOE P : L ratio but not by the adhesive system used AIM To compare and evaluate the volumetric analysis of pre- and post-root canal instrumentation in primary teeth using h and and rotary files and also to analyse the volume of root canal filling . MATERIAL S AND METHODS A total of 20 primary teeth were divided into two groups r and omly and subjected to spiral computed tomography ( SCT ) analysis before and after instrumentation . For manual technique ( Group 1 ) , teeth were prepared using K files and rotary ( Group 2 ) preparation was performed with Mtwo files .  Volumetric enlargement was calculated using Osirix software . Root canals were then filled with rotary lentulospiral using zinc oxide-eugenol cement ( ZOE ) . The filled volume in each canal was measured using SCT and the percentage of obturated volume was calculated . The data were statistically analysed using paired t-tests . RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference in the volume of root canal enlarged in both the groups . Rotary files showed significant increase in the volume compared to K files . Mtwo instrumented root canals showed good obturated volume compared to manual technique , although voids were common in both the groups . CONCLUSION Rotary root canal instrumentation may be indicated for utilization in primary teeth , for enhancing root canal preparation and good quality of root canal filling AIM To compare the effectiveness of mineral trioxide aggregate ( MTA ) , calcium hydroxide ( CH ) and formocresol ( FC ) as pulp dressing agents in carious primary teeth . METHODOLOGY Forty-five primary m and ibular molars with dental caries in 23 children [ AUTHOR QUERY : How many children ? ] between 5 and 9 years old were treated by a conventional pulpotomy technique . The teeth were r and omly assigned to the experimental ( CH or MTA ) or control ( FC ) groups . After coronal pulp removal and haemostasis , remaining pulp tissue was covered with MTA paste or CH powder in the experimental groups . In the control group , diluted FC was placed with a cotton pellet over the pulp tissue for 5 min and removed ; the pulp tissue was then covered with zinc oxide-eugenol ( ZOE ) paste . All teeth were restored with reinforced ZOE base and resin modified glass-ionomer cement .  Clinical and radiographic successes and failures were recorded at 3 , 6 , 12 , 18 and 24 month follow-up . RESULTS Forty-three teeth were available for follow-up . In the FC and MTA groups , 100 % of the available teeth were clinical ly and radiographically successful at all follow-up appointments ; dentine bridge formation could be detected in 29 % of the teeth treated with MTA . In the CH group , 64 % of the teeth presented clinical and radiographic failures detected throughout the follow-up period , and internal resorption was a frequent radiographic finding . CONCLUSIONS Mineral trioxide aggregate was superior to CH and equally as effective as FC as a pulpotomy dressing in primary m and ibular molars . Internal resorption was the most common radiographic finding up to 24 month after pulpotomies performed with CH The objectives of this study were to clinical ly evaluate the effectiveness of 2 % buffered glutaraldehyde in pulpotomies of human primary molars and to compare the success rate of glutaraldehyde with calcium hydroxide and glutaraldehyde with zinc oxide eugenol as dressing material on the radicular pulp . Pulpotomies were completed on 61 primary molars in 19 children . The teeth were divided into two groups by r and om allocation . One group had a dressing of zinc oxide-eugenol base ( IRM ) incorporated with one drop of 2 % buffered glutaraldehyde while the other group had a dressing of calcium hydroxide base incorporated with one drop of 2 % buffered glutaraldehyde after the initial placement of 2 % buffered glutaraldehyde on cotton pellet for 3 min . All teeth had light-curing compomer ( Dyract ) placed over the dressing material followed by a stainless steel crown restoration within 1 or 2 weeks after the pulpotomy . Blind clinical and radiographic evaluations of 57 teeth available after 12 months showed a success rate of 92.9 % and 73.6 % respectively . The clinical and radiographic success rates for glutaraldehyde/zinc oxide eugenol pulpotomies were 96.5 % and 75.8 % respectively while those for glutaraldehyde-calcium hydroxide were 89.2 % and 71.4 % . There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups either clinical ly or radiographically . The overall clinical success rate suggested that 2 % buffered glutaraldehyde was an effective agent in the pulpotomy of human primary molars
There seems to be no convincing evidence to support the superiority of any material over ZOE , and both ZOE and IP + Ca appear to be suitable as root canal fillings for deciduous teeth
The aim of this systematic review was to determine whether there is a root canal filling for deciduous teeth equally or more effective than zinc oxide-eugenol cement ( ZOE ) .