Evaluation of Various Pretreatments to Fiber Post on the Push‐out Bond Strength of Root Canal Dentin Effect of resin cement system and root region on the push-out bond strength of a translucent fiber post. Effect of Carbodiimide on Bonding Durability of Adhesive-cemented Fiber Posts in Root Canals. Effects of silane application on luting fiber posts using self-adhesive resin cement. Effect of eugenol-containing sealer and post diameter on the retention of fiber reinforced composite posts Efficacy of a self-curing adhesive-resin cement system on luting glass-fiber posts into root canals: an SEM investigation. The effect of light-curing access and different resin cements on apical bond strength of fiber posts. Effect of root canal sealers on bond strength of fibreglass posts cemented with self-adhesive resin cements. Evaluation of four cementation strategies on the push-out bond strength between fiber post and root dentin. Influence of laser irradiation on fiber post retention Effect of Intracanal Irrigants on Bond Strength of Fiber Posts Cemented With a Self-adhesive Resin Cement. Push-out bond strengths of different dental cements used to cement glass fiber posts. Resin-dentin interfaces of endodontically-treated restored teeth. Effects of dentin surface treatments including Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation with different intensities on the push-out bond strength of the glass fiber posts to root dentin Bond Strength between Fiber Posts and Root Dentin Treated with Natural Cross-linkers. Micropush-out dentine bond strength of a new gutta-percha and niobium phosphate glass composite. Comparison of different dentin pretreatment protocols on the bond strength of glass fiber post using self-etching adhesive.
Introduction : The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the effect of different pretreatments ( fiber post ) with the laser‐activated irrigation ( LAI ) technique ( for removal of the smear layer ) on root canal dentin in terms of push‐out bond strength ( PBS ) in a fiber post . Methods : Fifty freshly extracted m and ibular single‐rooted premolars were prepared , and LAI was applied to all roots ( 17 % EDTA was 5 mL for 120 seconds with an erbium , chromium : yttrium‐sc and ium‐gallium‐garnet laser [ 0.50 W , 20 Hz , 25 mJ ] ) . In addition , 50 quartz fiber posts were r and omly assigned to 5 groups ( n = 10 ) according to the surface treatments as follows : group S ( s and blasting ) , group N1 and group N2 ( neodymium : yttrium‐aluminum‐garnet laser irradiation [ 2 W , 200 mJ , 10 Hz , with pulse duration s of 180 or 320 microseconds ) , group HF ( 9.7 % hydrofluoric acid etched ) , and group C ( control with no treatment ) . Dual‐cure resin cement was adhered onto the fiber posts after they were covered with a silane agent , and then the posts were placed into the canal space using a Lentulo spiral . The PBS test was performed after all specimens were transversally sectioned ( root slices of 1‐mm thickness ) . Data were analyzed with 1‐way analysis of variance/Tukey post hoc test ( & agr ; = 0.05 ) . Results : The highest PBS value was observed in group S ( middle part ) , and the lowest value was observed in group C ( apical part ) . There were no statistical differences among the groups regardless of the part . Furthermore , when the PBS values of the different parts of dentin were compared within treated groups , significant differences were observed in all groups except group N2 ( P < .05 ) . Conclusions : Within the limitations of this study , it can be concluded that the LAI technique when used with 17 % EDTA had a significant effect on the amount of smear layer removed from the root canal dentin , which was also detected in the fracture pattern ( adhesive failure [ resin‐post interface ] ) . However , the various treatments of the fiber post did not improve the PBS of the root dentin . HighlightsIt is crucial to maximize the bond strength between the root dentin and resin and between the resin and fiber post for the success of post‐core restorations . EDTA + laser‐activated irrigation significantly reduces debris or smear layers from the root dentin wall . The mechanical treatments on the fiber post surfaces can not affect the push‐out bond strength ( PBS ) ; however , other additional parameters must be evaluated . Studies on the effects of different surface treatments on the fiber post and root dentin walls together with PBS could enrich the literature OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the bond strength of luting systems for bonding glass fiber posts to root canal dentin . The hypothesis tested was that there are no differences in bond strength of glass fiber posts luted with different cement systems . METHODS Forty bovine incisors were r and omly assigned to five different resin cement groups ( n=8 ) . After endodontic treatment and crown removal , translucent glass fiber posts were bonded into the root canal using five different luting protocol s ( self-cured cement and etch- and -rinse adhesive system ; dual-cured cement and etch- and -rinse adhesive system ; self-cured cement and self-etch adhesive system ; dual-cured cement and self-etch adhesive system ; and dual-cured self-adhesive cement ) . Push-out bond strength was evaluated at three different radicular levels : cervical , middle , and apical . The interface between resinous cement and the post was observed using a stereoscopic microscope . RESULTS Analysis of variance showed a statistically significant difference among the cements ( p<0.05 ) and the root canal thirds ( p<0.05 ) . The self-adhesive resinous cement had lower values of retention . CONCLUSIONS The resin cements used with etch- and -rinse and self-etch adhesive systems seem to be adequate for glass fiber post cementation This study was undertaken to investigate whether using a protein cross-linker , 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl ) carbodiimide ( EDC ) , improves bonding stability of fiber posts to root dentin using three resin cements . Sixty human maxillary central incisor roots were r and omly divided into six groups after endodontic treatment , according to the cements used with and without EDC pretreatment . In the etch- and -rinse group , 0.3 M EDC aqueous solution was applied on acid-etched root dentin prior to Excite DSC/Variolink II for post cementation . In the self-etch and self-adhesive groups , EDC was used on EDTA-conditioned root space prior to application of ED Primer II/Panavia F2.0 and Clearfil SA , respectively . After microslicing the root dentin , a push-out bond strength ( BS ) test was performed immediately or after one-year of water storage for each group . Data were analyzed using three-way analysis of variance and Tukey tests ( α=0.05 ) . A significant effect of cement type , time , EDC , and Time × Cement and Time × EDC interactions were observed ( p≤0.001 ) . EDC pretreatment did not affect immediate bonding of the three cements ( p>0.05 ) . Aging significantly reduced the BS in all the groups ( p≤0.001 ) , but EDC groups exhibited a higher BS compared with the respective control groups ( p<0.001 ) . Despite the significant effect of aging on decreasing the BS of fiber post to radicular dentin , EDC could diminish this effect for the three tested cements PURPOSE To evaluate the effects of different glass-fiber post surface treatments on the bond strength to root dentin . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Fifty bovine incisors were used in this study . After removing the crowns , the teeth were endodontically treated . The roots were r and omly divided into five groups according to post surface treatment . The groups were as follows : CO ( Control ) - no treatment ; G1 - RelyX Ceramic Primer ( silane ) only ; G2 - silane and Solobond M ; G3 - silane and Scotchbond Adhesive ; G4 - silane and Excite . For post cementation , RelyX Unicem was used according to the manufacturer 's recommendation and the roots were stored in a light-proof container with 100 % relative humidity for 24 h. The specimens were transversally sectioned . Subsequently , the cervical , middle , and apical regions of the root were positioned in a push-out device and tested at 0.5 mm/min using a universal testing machine ( Instron ) . The data were statistically analyzed with two-way ANOVA and Tukey 's post-hoc test . The fractured specimens were then observed under a stereoscopic loupe at 60X magnification . RESULTS No significant difference in bond strength was found among the groups that received a silane or silane plus an adhesive system ( p > 0.05 ) . However , the CO ( no silane ) showed the lowest bond strength . Regarding G1 , G2 , G3 , and G4 , the cervical region of the root canal attained better bond strengths than did the middle or apical regions . The most frequent failure mode occurred at the cement/dentin interface . CONCLUSION Silane application may be necessary to improve the adhesion of fiber posts luted with the self-adhesive resin cement evaluated here . The application of an adhesive layer between the fiber post and resin cement did not have any influence on the bond strength when the silane coupling was previously used Background : Fiber reinforced composite ( FRC ) posts are cemented with resin cements . It is reported that using resin cements in canals sealed with eugenol-containing sealers reduces the post retention . However , there is controversy on the subject . Aims : The aim was to investigate the influence of eugenol-containing sealers and the amount of dentin removal from root canal with different post diameters on retention of FRC posts . Setting s and Design : It was an in vitro study Material s and Methods : The roots of sixty teeth were cut with 14 mm distance from the apex and were instrumented to the working-length of 13 mm . The teeth were r and omly distributed into 2 groups ( n = 30 ) . Following storage in normal saline for 7 days , the sample s in both the groups were further divided into 3 subgroups ( n = 10 ) . Canals in the experimental subgroups ( I , II , III ) were obturated by gutta-percha and eugenol-containing sealer ; and in the control subgroups ( IV , V , VI ) without any sealer . After storage in normal saline for 7 days , the post space was prepared by # 3 , # 2 , and # 1 drills of DT Light-Post system . Post was cemented with Panavia-F2.0 resin-cement . A composite core was built for each sample . All sample s were thermo cycled for 1000 cycles . The sample s were tested for post retention with a mechanical testing machine . Statistical Analysis : Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey-HSD test . Results : There was not a significant difference in retention between FRC posts # 1 and # 2 ( P > 0.05 ) . Post # 3 was more retentive than posts # 1 and # 2 ( P < 0.05 ) . ZOE sealer significantly reduced the retention of posts ( P = 0.024 ) , however , increasing post-space diameter significantly increased post retention in canals coated with ZOE sealer ( P = 0.002 ) . Conclusions : Eugenol-containing sealer reduced the retention of FRC posts cemented with resin cement . Removing more dentin from root-canals treated with eugenol-containing sealer for placing larger diameter posts caused an increase in post retention PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a new bonding-luting system in resin tag , adhesive lateral branch , and hybrid layer formation when used in combination with an experimental fiber post . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Thirty anterior teeth extracted for periodontal reasons were selected for this study . They were endodontically treated and r and omly divided into three groups of 10 sample s each : group 1 = Excite light-cured bonding agent in combination with Variolink II resin cement ; group 2 = Excite dual-cured bonding agent self-activated by an experimental microbrush in combination with MultiLink resin cement ; and group 3 = one-step bonding system in combination with Dual Link resin cement . In groups 1 and 3 , the primer-adhesive solution was light cured before placing the resin cement and the post , whereas in group 2 the adhesive/luting material s were not light cured . Twenty FRC Postec translucent posts ( groups 1 and 2 ) and 10 EndoAesthetic translucent fiber posts ( group 3 ) were used . One week later , the root sample s were processed for scanning electron microscopic ( SEM ) observations . RESULTS Microscopic examinations of restored interfaces from group 2 revealed a resin-dentin interdiffusion zone higher than that seen in sample s from groups 1 and 3 ( P < .05 ) . At the apical and middle thirds , the sample s from group 2 showed significantly more resin tags than the other two groups . CONCLUSION The dual-cure self-activating system showed a more uniform resin tag and resin-dentin interdiffusion zone formation along root canal walls than light-curing systems PURPOSE This study evaluated the effect of light-curing access on the bond strength of fiber glass posts to the apical area of bovine roots using self-adhesive cement or dual-cured cement with an etch- and -rinse adhesive system . MATERIAL S AND METHODS The root canals of 60 bovine teeth were endodontically treated and filled . A 15-mm-length post space was prepared and roots were r and omly divided into three groups , simulating the levels of light-curing access : coronal ( C ) , with 15-mm post space ; middle ( M ) , in which the coronal thirds of roots were cut out , leaving a 10-mm post space ; and apical ( A ) , in which the coronal and middle thirds of roots were cut out , leaving a 5-mm post space . Fiber glass posts ( Reforpost # 3 , Angelus ) were cemented with RelyX U100 ( 3 M ESPE ) or RelyX ARC/Scotchbond Multi Purpose Plus ( SBMP ) ( 3 M ESPE ) ( n=10 ) and light-cured . After 24 hours , the apical thirds of roots were sectioned perpendicularly to the long axis and su bmi tted to a push-out test ( 0.5 mm/min , 200 N ) . The Kruskal-Wallis test compared the three levels of light-curing access , and the Mann-Whitney test compared the cements . RESULTS The bond strength was significantly higher in the groups C ( p=0.028 ) and M ( p=0.016 ) when U100 was used , whereas it was similar for both cements in group A. The bond strengths of posts cemented with ARC/SBMP were significantly higher in group A compared to group C ( p=0.031 ) . CONCLUSIONS The type of cement used and the light-curing access level influenced the bond strength between glass fiber posts and root canals . The bond strength of the RelyX ARC/SBMP cement proved to be more dependent on photoactivation than was the RelyX U100 cement . The light-curing access level did not influence the apical bond strength of RelyX U100 AIM This study evaluated the effects of different root canal sealers on the bond strength of a fibreglass post cemented with self-adhesive resin cements . METHODOLOGY The root canals of 50 extracted maxillary single-rooted canine teeth were prepared with the crown-down technique and r and omly divided into five groups according to the sealer used : group 1 : control group , gutta-percha points only ( no sealer ) ; group 2 : AH Plus ( resin-based sealer ) ; group 3 : self-etch Epiphany ( resin-based sealer ) ; group 4 : Sealer 26 ( calcium hydroxide-based sealer ) ; and group 5 : Endomethasone ( zinc oxide eugenol-based sealer ) . The root canals were filled with gutta-percha , the cold lateral compaction technique , except for group 3 where Resilon was used . Post spaces were prepared , and fibreglass posts were cemented with the self-adhesive cement RelyX Unicem . Bonded specimens were sectioned into 1-mm-thick slabs , and a push-out test was performed in a universal machine . Failure modes were observed and classified into five types : ( i ) adhesive between the post and resin cement ; ( ii ) mixed , with resin cement covering 0 - 50 % of the post diameter ; ( iii ) mixed , with resin cement covering 50 - 100 % of the post surface ; ( iv ) adhesive between resin cement and root canal ; and ( v ) cohesive in dentine . Data of bond strength were su bmi tted to anova and Tukey test ( α = 0.05 ) . RESULTS No significant difference was detected between control group , AH Plus , Epiphany and Sealer 26 ( P > 0.05 ) . The Endomethasone group had significantly lower bond strength values than the other sealers ( P < 0.05 ) . The prevalence of mixed fractures and adhesive cement-dentine failure was verified in the eugenol-containing sealer group ; in the control group , the resin-based and calcium hydroxide-based sealer groups , the predominant mode of failure was the mixed type . CONCLUSION Endomethasone interfered negatively with the bond to root dentine ; however , AH Plus , Epiphany and Sealer 26 did not interfere in the bond strength of a fibreglass post cemented with self-adhesive resin cements This trial used push-out testing to evaluate four different fiber post cementation strategies .  Specimens of bovine m and ibular teeth were r and omly allocated into four groups according to cementation strategies ( n = 10 ) : ScotchBond Multi Purpose and RelyX ARC ( Group 1 ) ; AdheSE and Multilink Automix ( Group 2 ) ; phosphoric acid and RelyX U100 ( Group 3 ) ; and RelyX U100 ( Group 4 ) . Four slices from each specimen ( 2.0 mm thick ) were obtained for the push-out test . All slices were analyzed for failure mode after testing . A one-way ANOVA showed differences between the groups ( P = 0.002 ) . A Tukey test indicated that Group 1 had the highest bond strength values ( 13.96 ± 6.41 MPa ) . Groups 2 ( 6.58 ± 2.14 MPa ) , 3 ( 5.85 ± 2.57 MPa ) , and 4 ( 8.19 ± 2.28 MPa ) had similar bond strengths , but all of them were lower than Group 1 . A three-step total etching adhesive system , associated with a conventional resin cement , might be a good alternative for fiber post cementation The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the bond strength between fiber post and laser-treated root canals . Forty single-rooted bovine teeth were endodontically treated and r and omly divided into four groups of equal size according to the root canal treatment : group 1 conventional treatment ( without laser irradiation ) ; group 2 Nd : YAG laser ( 1.5 W , 10 Hz , 100 mJ ) ; group 3 Er , Cr : YSGG laser ( 0.75 W , 20 Hz ) ; and group 4 Nd : YAG + Er , Cr : YSGG lasers . The fiber posts were cemented with an adhesive system + resin cement , in accordance with the manufacturer ’s instructions . A mini acrylic pipe was fixed on the coronal section of the post using a light-polymerized resin . Specimens were mounted on an acrylic pipe with a self-polymerized resin . Retention forces were determined using a universal testing machine ( 0.5 mm/min ) . Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey tests ( p < 0.05 ) . The post retention force in group 2 was found to be lower than that in the other experimental groups . Fractures were observed at the interface between the dentin and the resin in all groups . High-intensity lasers can be used in conventional endodontic treatment ; however , root canal surface irradiation using the Nd : YAG laser was shown to negatively affect the post retention force OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of five intracanal irrigants on bond strength of fiber posts cemented with newer self-adhesive resin cement . METHODS A total of 60 extracted , single-rooted human premolars , sectioned at 14 mm , were prepared with the ProTaper Universal system with a size F3 instrument and filled with an F3 master cone and AH Plus . The root canal filling was partially removed , leaving 4 mm of apical gutta-percha . Specimens were r and omly assigned to five groups ( n=12 ) , according to the solution used for dentin surface treatment before fiber post cementation , as follows : EDTA 17 % ( EDTA ) ; QMix ( QM ) ; SmearClear ( SC ) ; 2.5 % sodium hypochlorite ( NaOCl ) , and 0.9 % saline solution ( SS ) . Ultrasonic activation was performed ( three times , 20 seconds each ) , and root canals were dried with paper points . Fiber posts were cemented with RelyX U200 . In one specimen per group , rhodamine B dye was mixed with RelyX U200 to provide adequate fluorescence for confocal laser scanning microscopy ( CLSM ) assessment . Specimens were transversally sectioned and three slices were obtained , one for each root third . Next , a push-out test was performed . A stereomicroscope and CLSM were used to analyze the failure modes and to illustrate the pattern of infiltration of RelyX U200 into dentinal tubules , respectively . Bond strength means were calculated , and analysis of variance and Bonferroni tests were used for statistical analysis . RESULTS SS showed the highest mean bond strength values ( 11.5±5.3 ) , superior to QM ( 5.1±3.1 ) and SC ( 5.1±3.3 ) . NaOCl presented intermediary bond strength values ( 9.7±5.0 ) , similar to EDTA ( 7.7±2.9 ) and SS . QM and SC showed the lowest mean bond strength ( p<0.05 ) . Adhesive failures between cement/dentin were predominant ( 53.9 % ) . CONCLUSION SS and NaOCl associated with ultrasonic activation seem to be adequate solutions for root canal cleaning before fiber post cementation with self-adhesive resin cement , whereas chelating solutions , such as EDTA , QM , and SC , cause a decrease in bond strength STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Since the introduction of glass fiber posts , irreversible vertical root fractures have become a rare occurrence ; however , adhesive failure has become the primary failure mode . PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the push-out bond strength of glass fiber posts cemented with different luting agents on 3 segments of the root . MATERIAL AND METHODS Eighty human maxillary canines with similar root lengths were r and omly divided into 8 groups ( n=10 ) according to the cement assessed ( Rely X luting , Luting and Lining , Ketac Cem , Rely X ARC , Biscem , Duo-link , Rely X U100 , and Variolink II ) . After st and ardized post space preparation , the root dentin was pretreated for dual-polymerizing resin cements and untreated for the other cements . The mixed luting cement paste was inserted into post spaces with a spiral file and applied to the post surface that was seated into the canal . After 7 days , the teeth were sectioned perpendicular to their long axis into 1-mm-thick sections . The push-out test was performed at a speed of 0.5 mm/min until extrusion of the post occurred . The results were evaluated by 2-way ANOVA and the all pairwise multiple comparison procedures ( Tukey test ) ( α=.05 ) . RESULTS ANOVA showed that the type of interaction between cement and root location significantly influenced the push-out strength ( P<.05 ) . The highest push-out strength results with root location were obtained with Luting and Lining ( S3 ) ( 19.5 ±4.9 MPa ) , Ketac Cem ( S2 ) ( 18.6 ±5.5 MPa ) , and Luting and Lining ( S1 ) ( 18.0 ±7.6 MPa ) . The lowest mean values were recorded with Variolink II ( S1 ) ( 4.6 ±4.0 MPa ) , Variolink II ( S2 ) ( 1.6 ±1.5 MPa ) , and Rely X ARC ( S3 ) ( 0.9 ±1.1 MPa ) . CONCLUSIONS Self-adhesive cements and glass ionomer cements showed significantly higher values compared to dual-polymerizing resin cements . In all root segments , dual-polymerizing resin cements provided significantly lower bond strength . Significant differences among root segments were found only for Duo-link cement PURPOSE To compare by confocal and scanning electron microscopy the post-resin-dentin interfaces of endodontically-treated teeth which had been restored with dentin-bonding systems and composite and needed to be extracted after 6 months to 6 years of clinical service . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Sixteen single rooted teeth showing proximal lesions penetrating the pulp chamber were included in the investigation and divided into two groups . Group 1 teeth were endodontically-treated , restored with carbon fiber posts and resin-based composite . Group 2 teeth were treated in the same way and covered with porcelain fused-to-metal crowns . RESULTS Two thirds of the observed interfaces showed resin penetration of the root dentin in the middle and coronal third of the post space preparation , while only one third of the interface showed resin infiltration in the apical third of the post space preparation . Debonding of the adhesive from the resin infiltrated dentin area and debonding of the composite cement from the adhesive were the most frequently observed failure modes and were observed in one third of the observed interfaces . There was no difference between the post-resin-dentin interfaces of teeth covered and teeth not covered with porcelain-fused to metal crowns . Teeth extracted after longer periods of clinical service showed more abundant areas of debonding of the adhesive from the resin-dentin interdiffusion zone . The presence of bacteria in resin infiltrated dentin tubules was observed in two specimens Abstract Objective . Intra-canal post systems are commonly used to restore root-filled teeth . Bond strengths of the posts can be affected by various surface treatments of the post or the dentin . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of dentin surface treatments including erbium-chromium ; yttrium-sc and ium-gallium-garnet ( Er , Cr : YSGG ) laser irradiation with different intensities on the push-out bond strength of the glass fiber posts to root dentin . Material s and methods . Forty single-rooted human maxillary incisors were filled and post spaces were prepared . After these procedures , the specimens were divided r and omly into four groups according to the dentin surface treatments , as follows : ( i ) untreated surface ( control ) , ( ii ) 1W Er , Cr : YSGG laser application , ( iii ) 2W Er , Cr : YSGG laser application and ( iv ) 3W Er , Cr : YSGG laser application . Then the posts were cemented into the root canals using dual-cured resin cement . Bonded specimens were cut into 1-mm-thick slices and push-out tests were performed using a universal testing device . All specimens were loaded until fracture and the failure modes were evaluated with a stereomicroscope at 32 × magnification . Representative specimens were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy . Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA , Tukey and Wilcoxon tests . Results . The bond strength values ranged from 3.22–4.68 MPa . There were no statistically significant differences among the groups , regardless of the different levels . The coronal and middle levels of the post space had significantly higher bond strength values compared with the apical level ( p < 0.05 ) . Conclusion . Er , Cr : YSGG laser irradiation with different intensities did not increase the bond strength of the fiber posts to the root canal dentin walls INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a proanthocyanidin-rich extract ( grape seed extract [ GSE ] ) on the bond strength and stability of the adhesion of fiber posts to the root dentine using 2 adhesive systems : a total-etch and a self-etch adhesive system . METHODS Single-rooted human teeth were r and omly divided into 6 groups : G1 ( control ) , untreated + total-etch adhesive Adper Scotchbond Multi- Purpose ( 3 M ESPE , St Paul , MN ) ; G2 , 6.5 % GSE for 5 minutes + SB ; G3 , 10 % GSE for 5 minutes + SB ; and G4 to G6 groups were similar to previous ones ; however , the self-etch adhesive system Clearfil SE Bond ( Kuraray , Kurashiki , Japan ) was used . Fiber posts were cemented with RelyX ARC ( 3 M ESPE ) , and the specimens were immediately tested for push out or stored for 12 months . The bond strength means were analyzed by analysis of variance and Games-Howell post hoc tests ( α = 0.05 ) . Additionally , matrix metalloproteinase inhibition by 0.65 % , 0.065 % , and 0.0065 % GSE was examined with gelatin zymography . RESULTS The use of GSE did not affect immediate bond strength to dentin and contributed to preserve the bond strength after 12 months ( P < .05 ) for both adhesives . The bond strength of SB was significantly higher than Clearfil SE Bond ( P < .05 ) . Gelatin zymography showed reduced matrix metalloproteinase activity when recombinant enzymes were incubated with both 0.65 % and 0.065 % GSE , with complete inhibition at the highest concentration . CONCLUSIONS The pretreatment with GSE can be used as a natural alternative to improve bond strength stability of dentin-adhesive interfaces in root canals AIM To characterize an experimental gutta-percha and niobium phosphate glass composite ( GNB ) applied with a thermoplastic technique to the root canals without sealer in a moist environment and to evaluate its micropush-out bond strength to root canal wall dentine . METHODOLOGY The root canals of sixty human m and ibular pre-molars were prepared using rotary NiTi instruments and irrigation with sodium hypochlorite and EDTA . The teeth were then r and omly divided into three groups according to the root filling material used : AH plus sealer and gutta-percha ( AH ) , EndoSequence BC gutta-percha without sealer ( GBC ) , and GNB without sealer . The root canals were filled with a single cone using warm vertical condensation . Push-out bond strengths associated with the filling material s in slices from middle root thirds was determined 30 days after root filling . The failure mode was analyzed with SEM . Analysis using EDX and SEM-EDS was carried out to verify the composition and distribution of the particles of the tested material s. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way anova and Tukey 's test ( P < 0.05 ) . RESULTS AH and GNB groups had bond strengths of 2.83 ± 0.64 MPa and 2.68 ± 0.84 MPa , respectively , with no significant difference between them ( P > 0.05 ) . The GBC group had the lowest mean bond strength ( 1.34 ± 0.42 MPa ) , which was significantly different compared with the other groups ( P < 0.05 ) . Cohesive failures prevailed in the AH group , whereas failures were mixed in the GBC and GNB groups . The SEM-EDS analysis on the surface and in the bulk of GBC revealed only a superficial coating of bioceramic particles . Glass particles were detected both on the surface and in the bulk of GNB . CONCLUSIONS The experimental root filling composite ( GNB ) had an ability to adhere to root canal wall dentine equal to the current gold st and ard root filling with gutta-percha and sealer ( AH Plus ) INTRODUCTION This study compared the influence of different irrigants with and without ultrasound or laser irradiation on the bond strength of glass fiber posts using a self-etching adhesive in a supplementary dentin pretreatment . METHODS Ninety bovine incisor roots were divided into 3 groups according to the irrigant tested : 2 % chlorhexidine ( CHX ) ( n = 30 ) ; 2.5 % sodium hypochlorite ( NaOCl ) ( n = 30 ) , and saline solution ( control ) ( n = 30 ) . Each group was r and omly divided into 3 subgroups according to the supplementary dentin pretreatment : ultrasound , Nd : YAG laser , and nonsupplemented ( control ) . A self-etching adhesive system ( Futurabond DC ; VOCO GmbH , Cuxhaven , Germany ) was used , and the glass fiber posts were cemented with dual-cure epoxy-based luting agent ( Bifix QM , VOCO GmbH ) . All roots were sectioned transversely , and the push-out test was performed . Failure mode analysis was also evaluated . RESULTS Bond strength decreased significantly after the use of 2.5 % NaOCl in all root thirds ( P < .05 ) . CHX showed no difference in the mean bond strength value compared with saline solution ( P > .05 ) . The supplementary dentin pretreatment using the Nd : YAG laser or ultrasound did not improve the bond strength values for both NaOCl and CHX ( P > .05 ) . Moreover , the apical third exhibited the lowest mean bond strength values ( P < .05 ) . Analysis indicated that the predominant failure mode was the mixed type . CONCLUSIONS Regardless of the irrigant used , the supplementary dentin pretreatment with ultrasound or laser irradiation showed no improvement in bond strength . Also , the use of NaOCl decreased the bond strength of glass fiber posts using a self-etching adhesive system , whereas CHX preserved it
In conclusion , this review suggests that the use of NaOCl/EDTA results in the retention of FGPs and may thus be recommended as a post-space cleaning method influencing the luting procedure
The presence of residues within the root canal after post-space preparation can influence the bond strength between resin cement and root dentin when using fiberglass posts ( FGPs ) .
Currently , there is no consensus in the literature regarding what is the best solution for the removal of debris after post-space preparation .
This systematic review involved " in vitro " studies to investigate if cleaning methods of the root canal after post-space preparation can increase the retention of FGPs evaluated by the push-out test .