In situ anticariogenic effect of adhesive systems containing fluoride and MDPB. Improving clinical retention of one-step self-etching adhesive systems with an additional hydrophobic adhesive layer Two-year clinical performance of sonic-resin placement system in posterior restorations. Clinical Status of Ten Dentin Adhesive Systems A new universal simplified adhesive: 18-month clinical evaluation. Clinical evaluation of a dentinal adhesive system: three-year results. Five-year clinical evaluation of two adhesive systems in non-carious cervical lesions. 3-year clinical effectiveness of one-step adhesives in non-carious cervical lesions. Three-year clinical evaluation of the Clearfil Liner Bond system. A clinical, radiographic, and scanning electron microscopic evaluation of adhesive restorations on carious dentin in primary teeth. Clinical performance of novel resin composites in posterior teeth: 18-month results. Correlation between microtensile bond strength data and clinical outcome of Class V restorations. Clinical evaluation of five adhesive systems. Eighteen-month clinical evaluation of a filled and unfilled dentin adhesive. A three-year clinical evaluation of two-bottle versus one-bottle dentin adhesives. In situ antimicrobial activity and inhibition of secondary caries of self-etching adhesives containing an antibacterial agent and/or fluoride. Comparative clinical evaluation of different treatment approaches using a microfilled resin composite and a compomer in Class III cavities: two-year results.
PURPOSE To evaluate in situ the anticariogenic effect of fluoride and MDPB containing adhesive systems at the restoration interface , by microhardness tests . METHODS 120 fragments containing preparations for resin composite restorations performed at the cemento-enamel junction were r and omly distributed among the adhesive systems to be tested . The adhesive systems were applied in accordance with the manufacturers ' instructions : Optibond FL , Adper Single Bond 2 , Prime & Bond 2.1 , Optibond Solo Plus , Adper Prompt , Clearfil Protect Bond and restored with the nanoparticulate resin composite Z350 .  Twenty volunteers used a palatal appliance containing fragments restored with each adhesive system for 21 days , and applied 20 % sucrose on them eight times a day to simulate a high cariogenic challenge . Microhardness tests were performed at different depths ( 20 microm , 40 microm and 60 microm from the occlusal margin of the restoration ) and at different distances ( 100 microm , 200 microm and 300 microm from the adhesive interface ) . RESULTS ANOVA showed that for enamel , there was significant difference between the adhesive systems ( P=0.0106 ) ; the interaction adhesive system*distance was a significant ( P=0.0006 ) , and the one-step self-etching adhesive system containing fluoride ( Adper Prompt ) presented a higher anticariogenic effect . However , for dentin , the adhesive system used did not interfere in decreasing the severity of caries formation BACKGROUND The durability of restorations bonded with one-step self-etching ( OSSE ) adhesive systems is inferior compared with that of restorations bonded with conventional adhesives . The authors conducted an 18-month r and omized clinical study to evaluate the clinical performance of two OSSE systems in noncarious cervical lesions applied as recommended or with an extra layer of hydrophobic adhesive layer after 18 months of clinical service . METHODS Thirty participants , each of whom had at least two pairs of similar-sized noncarious cervical lesions , took part in this study . The authors placed 120 restorations  , 30 in each of four groups : Clearfil S3 Bond ( Kuraray , Osaka , Japan ) ( CS ) and iBond Gluma inside ( Heraeus Kulzer , Hanau , Germany ) ( IB ) , and Clearfil S3 Bond ( CSB ) and iBond Gluma inside ( IBB ) with an extra layer of hydrophobic adhesive applied on top of them . They placed the restorations incrementally , using a resin-based composite . The authors evaluated the restorations at baseline and at 18 months following modified U.S. Public Health Service criteria . RESULTS At 18 months , the retention rate for the IB group was statistically lower than those for the CS , IBB and CSB groups . Marginal discoloration occurred in all groups and was statistically worse in the IB group . CONCLUSIONS The conversion of the iBond Gluma inside and Clearfil S3 Bond adhesive systems into two-step systems by means of applying an extra hydrophobic adhesive layer improved the clinical performance of these material s after 18 months of clinical service . CLINICAL IMPLICATION S The application of an extra hydrophobic adhesive layer over OSSE adhesive systems , layers improved the OSSE systems clinical performance , mainly in terms of retention rate OBJECTIVE The objective of this split-mouth r and omized controlled study was to compare the 2-year clinical performance of two restorative techniques and material s for posterior permanent carious teeth . METHOD AND MATERIAL S After signing informed consent , 30 patients aged between 7 and 16 received two Class 1 restorations on cavities on permanent first or second molar teeth performed with one of two systems : incrementally placed conventional posterior composite resin ( Herculite Ultra , Kerr ) , and sonic-resin placement system ( SonicFill , Kerr ) with single-component self-etch adhesive system ( Kerr ) according to the manufacturers ' directions . Two blinded observers evaluated the restorations at three times ( baseline , and after 1 and 2 years ) according to the US Public Health Service modified criteria . Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare the clinical performance of the restorative systems . RESULTS The restorative systems showed similar clinical performance at 2 years . At the end of 2 years in both groups , one restoration 's marginal staining Alpha ratings decreased . In the same period , two restorations in the conventional group and one in the SonicFill group received Bravo ratings for color match and surface roughness scorings . CONCLUSION The sonic-resin placement system demonstrated similar results to incrementally placed conventional composite resin in terms of clinical success . Considering the advantages of providing up to 5 mm in a single layer , and the adjustability of the viscosity , bulk-fill composite restorations seem to be a good alternative to posterior Class 1 composite restorations . CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study suggests that a new dental material for bulk-fill technology exhibits similar clinical success to incrementally placed composite resin Laboratory testing of dentin adhesive systems still requires corroboration by long-term clinical trials for their ultimate clinical effectiveness to be vali date d. The objective of this clinical investigation was to evaluate , retrospectively , the clinical effectiveness of earlier-investigated dentin adhesive systems ( Scotchbond , Gluma , Clearf il New Bond , Scotchbond 2 , Tenure , and Tripton ) , and to compare their clinical results with those obtained with four modern total-etch adhesive systems ( Bayer exp . 1 and 2 , Clearfil Liner Bond System , and Scotchbond Multi- Purpose ) . In total , 1177 Class V cervical lesions in the teeth of 346 patients were restored following two cavity design s : In Group A , enamel was neither beveled nor intentionally etched , as per ADA guidelines ; in Group B , adjacent enamel was beveled and conditioned . Clinical retention rates definitely indicated the improved clinical efficacy of the newest dentin adhesives over the earlier systems . With regard to adhesion strategy , adhesive systems that removed the smear layer and concurrently demineralized the dentin surface layer performed clinical ly better than systems that modified the disorderly layer of smear debris without complete removal . Hybridization by resin interdiffusion into the exposed dentinal collagen layer , combined with attachment of resin tags into the opened dentin tubules , appeared to be essential for reliable dentin bonding but might be insufficient by itself . The additional formation of an elastic bonding area as a polymerization shrinkage absorber and the use of a microfine restorative composite apparently guaranteed an efficient clinical result . The perfect one-year retention recorded for Clearfil Liner Bond System and Scotchbond Multi- Purpose must be confirmed at later recalls PURPOSE To evaluate the 18-month clinical performance of a multimode adhesive ( Scotchbond Universal Adhesive , SU , 3 M ESPE , St Paul , MN , USA ) in noncarious cervical lesions ( NCCLs ) using two evaluation criteria . MATERIAL S AND METHODS Thirty-nine patients participated in this study . Two-hundred restorations were assigned to four groups : ERm , etch- and -rinse + moist dentin ; ERd , etch- and -rinse + dry dentin ; Set , selective enamel etching ; and SE , self-etch . The composite resin , Filtek Supreme Ultra ( 3 M ESPE ) , was placed incrementally . The restorations were evaluated at baseline , and at 18 months , using both the World Dental Federation ( FDI ) and the United States Public Health Service ( USPHS ) criteria . Statistical analyses were performed using Friedman repeated- measures analysis of variance by rank and McNemar test for significance in each pair ( α=0.05 ) . RESULTS Five restorations ( SE : 3 ; Set : 1 ; and ERm : 1 ) were lost after 18 months ( p>0.05 for either criteria ) . Marginal staining occurred in four and 10 % of the restorations evaluated ( p>0.05 ) , respectively , for USPHS and FDI criteria . Nine restorations were scored as bravo for marginal adaptation using the USPHS criteria and 38 % , 40 % , 36 % , and 44 % for groups ERm , ERd , Set , and SE , respectively , when the FDI criteria were applied ( p>0.05 ) . However , when semiquantitative scores ( or SQUACE ) for marginal adaptation were used , SE result ed in a significantly greater number of restorations , with more than 30 % of the total length of the interface showing marginal discrepancy ( 28 % ) in comparison with the other groups ( 8 % , 6 % , and 8 % , respectively , for ERm , ERd , and Set ) . CONCLUSIONS The clinical retention of the multimode adhesive at 18 months does not depend on the bonding strategy . The only differences between strategies were found for the parameter marginal adaptation , for which the FDI criteria were more sensitive than the USPHS criteria The dentinal adhesive Scotchbond 2 was evaluated with the microfilled composite resin Silux in cervical and root caries lesions for up to 3 years . Clinical criteria evaluated included retention , marginal integrity , marginal discoloration , color match , anatomic form , recurrent caries , gingival response , and postoperative sensitivity . Overall , the adhesive demonstrated improved performance over earlier dentinal adhesive systems . Retention was greatest at 3 years when available enamel margins had been etched ( 93 % ) and when root caries lesions ( 97 % ) had been restored . Other criteria were reported as generally favorable . Early findings suggest that the level of development of sclerotic dentin may influence behavior of the adhesive . The greatest difficulty was noted in lesions presenting with heavy sclerotic dentin OBJECTIVE This controlled clinical trial evaluated the 5-year clinical performance of a self-etching primer system including selective enamel-etching with phosphoric acid and a one-bottle adhesive system . METHODS Seventy-two non-carious cervical lesions in 8 patients ( 4 male and 4 female ) with a mean age of 61.3 years ( range 45 - 78 ) participated in the study . An enamel bevel was placed and dentin lightly ground , and cavities restored with clearfil liner bond II ( LB ) or single bond ( SB ) in conjunction with a hybrid resin composite ( Clearfil AP-X ) . In the case of 27 cavities for LB , the enamel was pretreated with 37 % phosphoric acid for 10 s. Each patient received both types of restoration , which were distributed on a r and om basis . All restorations ( 37 restorations for LB and 35 restorations for SB ) were placed by one dentist . The restorations were evaluated blind after 5 years using modified USPHS criteria . The data were statistically analyzed using the Fisher 's exact test . RESULTS All but one restoration ( which was replaced by a crown after the 2-year recall ) were evaluated after 5 years . 100 % retention rates were recorded for both restorative groups . No caries was detected in association with any restorations . The only minor problem was marginal discoloration ; superficial and localized marginal discoloration occurred around 18 % of the restorations , and mainly at the dentin margin . There were no significant differences in the marginal integrity between the LB and SB groups . CONCLUSIONS Restorative material s used in this study demonstrated a good clinical effectiveness in the restoration of non-carious cervical lesions for 5 years OBJECTIVES Despite representing an important component of current dental adhesives , HEMA has been said to negatively influence the long-term stability of adhesion to dentine and enamel . The aim of this r and omised clinical trial was to evaluate the 3-year clinical performance of two one-step self-etch adhesives . METHODS Thirty patients had 175 non-carious cervical lesions restored with composite ( Gradia Direct Anterior , GC ) using either the HEMA-rich adhesive Clearfil Tri-S Bond ( C3S ; Kuraray ) or the HEMA-free adhesive G-Bond ( GB ; GC ) . The restorations were evaluated by two examiners at baseline , 6 , 12 , 24 and 36 months regarding retention , caries recurrence , marginal integrity and discoloration and post-operative sensitivity . The data were statistically analysed with GEE and McNemar tests ( p<0.05 ) . RESULTS The recall rate at 6 and 12 months was 100 % and decreased to 96.7 % at 24 and 36 months . At 3 years , the retention rate was 93.8 % for C3S and 98.8 % for GB ( p=0.14 ) . A pairwise comparison showed no significant differences between the two adhesives for all the parameters evaluated , irrespective of the recall ( p>0.05 ) . After 3 years , both adhesives presented an increase in the percentage of clinical ly acceptable marginal discoloration ( C3S : 32.9 % and GB : 26.8 % ) normally associated to clinical ly acceptable marginal defects ( C3S : 35.8 % and GB : 26.5 % ) . Only 1 dentine margin of a GB restoration presented a severe marginal defect ( 1.2 % ) and 1 C3S restoration presented caries recurrence . The overall 3-year clinical success rate was 92.6 % for C3S and 97.6 % for GB ( p=0.16 ) . CONCLUSION Both one-step self-etch adhesives presented an equally favourable clinical effectiveness at 3 years . CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE HEMA is a monomer frequently present in dental adhesives in order to increase their wettability and hydrophilicity . However , this monomer negatively influences hydrolytic stability and durability of the adhesive interface complex . In this 3-year clinical trial no significant difference in bonding effectiveness was noticed between a HEMA-rich and HEMA-free one-step adhesive Modern dental adhesive systems have improved the bond of restorative material s to mineralized tooth structures . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical performance of composite restorations placed in abrasion and erosion lesions using the Clearfil Liner Bond dental adhesive system . Following ADA clinical guidelines for dentin and enamel adhesive material s , 62 facial class 5 smooth surface erosion or abrasion lesions with no undercuts and involving primarily root surfaces were restored in 25 adult male and female patients . The teeth were restored without preparations using Clearfil Liner Bond and Clearfil Photo Anterior composite resin . The clinical performance of the restorations was assessed by two examiners at baseline , 6 months , 1 , 2 , and 3 years using the following evaluative parameters : color match , marginal discoloration , and marginal integrity according to modified Ryge criteria ; the presence or absence of recurrent decay ; pre- and postoperative sensitivity ; and restoration failure due to loss of retention or other causes . At the end of 3 years , four of the 55 restorations remaining in the study failed due to lack of retention ( 92.7 % retention rate ) . The evaluations of the other clinical parameters demonstrated excellent performance by this system OBJECTIVE The purpose of this project was to evaluate the performance of a dentin adhesive system on carious and noncarious primary dentin in vivo . METHOD AND MATERIAL S Forty-eight primary molars with carious lesions were r and omly assigned to 2 different treatments : group 1 ( control , n = 24)--All identifiable , irreversibly infected dentin was removed prior to the application of the bonding agent and restorative material ; group 2 ( experimental , n = 24)--Irreversibly infected dentin was partially removed prior to the application of the bonding agent and restorative material . The control and experimental teeth were clinical ly monitored every 3 months and evaluated 12 months after restoration . The teeth were extracted around the time of exfoliation and processed for scanning electron microscopy . RESULTS Retention rate , marginal integrity , and pulpal symptoms were identical in both groups . Radiographically , the radiolucent area associated with the experimental restorations did not increase with time in 75 % of the cases . For the control group , the adhesive system formed a hybrid layer . In the experimental group , there was morphologic evidence of the formation of an acid-resistant " altered hybrid layer . " An acid-resistant tissue , result ing from the interdiffusion of adhesive resin within the area of carious dentin , was observed adjacent to and under the altered hybrid layer . CONCLUSION Application of an adhesive restorative system to irreversibly infected dentin did not affect the clinical performance of the restoration PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical success potential of two nanocomposites placed in posterior teeth using an antibacterial adhesive system over 18 months . METHODS A total of 49 Class I and 47 Class II restorations were placed in the permanent teeth of thirty adult patients . The carious lesions were restored with Gr and io ( Voco ) or Filtek Supreme ( 3 M ESPE ) using a two-step self-etching antibacterial adhesive system Clearfil Protect Bond ( Kuraray ) . The restorations were finished with fine-grit diamond burs , Enhance polishing system , and Sof-Lex finishing brushes . The restorations were evaluated at baseline , 6 , 12 , and 18 months after placement using modified Ryge criteria for color stability , marginal discoloration , marginal adaptation , caries formation , anatomic form , postoperative sensitivity , surface roughness , and retention . RESULTS The changes in the parameters were assessed using the Cochran Q test and the McNemar test at a significance level of p < 0.05 . All restorations were classified as clinical ly satisfactory after 18 months . Statistical analysis demonstrated differences only in superficial roughness , with Gr and io exhibiting more surface roughness than Filtek Supreme ( p < 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION Posterior restorations built up with the novel nanocomposites using an antibacterial self-etching system showed satisfactory results at the 18-month recall appointment relative to all criteria except the surface texture in the case of Gr and io . Further evaluations are necessary for a more in-depth analysis OBJECTIVE To determine if the results of  resin-dentin microtensile bond strength ( μTBS ) is correlated with the outcome parameters of clinical studies on non-retentive Class V restorations . METHODS  Resin-dentin μTBS data were obtained from one test center ; the in vitro tests were all performed by the same operator . The μTBS testing was performed 8 h after bonding and after 6 months of storing the specimens in water . Pre-test failures ( PTFs ) of specimens were included in the analysis , attributing them a value of 1MPa . Prospect i ve clinical studies on cervical restorations ( Class V ) with an observation period of at least 18 months were search ed in the literature . The clinical outcome variables were retention loss , marginal discoloration and marginal integrity . Furthermore , an index was formulated to be better able to compare the laboratory and clinical results . Estimates of adhesive effects in a linear mixed model were used to summarize the clinical performance of each adhesive between 12 and 36 months . Spearman correlations between these clinical performances and the μTBS values were calculated subsequently . RESULTS Thirty-six clinical studies with 15 adhesive/restorative systems for which μTBS data were also available were included in the statistical analysis . In general 3-step and 2-step etch- and -rinse systems showed higher bond strength values than the 2-step/3-step self-etching systems , which , however , produced higher values than the 1-step self-etching and the resin modified glass ionomer systems . Prolonged water storage of specimens result ed in a significant decrease of the mean bond strength values in 5 adhesive systems ( Wilcoxon , p<0.05 ) . There was a significant correlation between μTBS values both after 8 h and 6 months of storage and marginal discoloration ( r=0.54 and r=0.67 , respectively ) . However , the same correlation was not found between μTBS values and the retention rate , clinical index or marginal integrity . SIGNIFICANCE As μTBS data of adhesive systems , especially after water storage for 6 months , showed a good correlation with marginal discoloration in short-term clinical Class V restorations , longitudinal clinical trials should explore whether early marginal staining is predictive for future retention loss in non-carious cervical restorations One hundred cervical " abrasion/erosion " lesions were restored in groups of twenty with All-Bond , Photobond , Denthesive , and Pertac dentin adhesives with resin composite , and Geristore resin-based material .  The mean patient age was 63 years . All but seven restoration sites were examined for up to approximately 14 months , and the cumulative retention rates of restorations calculated . At the end of the observation period , the percentage of restorations retained was ; All-Bond 69.6 % , Photobond 78.2 % , Denthesive 42.8 % , Pertac 7.5 % , Geristore 71.8 % , which was in approximate quantitative agreement with laboratory bond strength studies . The relationship of laboratory bond strength tests to clinical performance , and the influence of patient age on the clinical results , are discussed OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a filled ( OptiBond Solo ) and an unfilled ( Prime & Bond 2.1 ) " one-bottle " adhesive in Class V restorations after 18 months of clinical service . METHODS Thirty-three patients with non-carious cervical lesions were enrolled in the study . A total of 101 lesions were restored using one of the adhesives and a hybrid composite resin . Enamel was not beveled , nor was any mechanical retention placed . The restorations were evaluated at baseline , and at 6 and 18 months after placement using modified USPHS criteria . RESULTS Cumulative 18-month retention rates were 93.6 % for OptiBond Solo and 98.0 % for Prime & Bond 2.1 . The difference in retention rates was not statistically significant . For OptiBond Solo , the only notable problems were interfacial staining and marginal adaptation , both of which were less than ideal in 9 % of restorations . Marginal problems were slightly less frequent for Prime & Bond 2.1 restorations , but the difference was not significant . CONCLUSIONS Both adhesives provided Class V retention rates exceeding the 18-month , full acceptance guidelines set by the American Dental Association . Any additional benefit provided by the use of a filled adhesive was not detected in this 18-month clinical trial BACKGROUND The authors conducted an in vivo investigation to compare the clinical performance of two commercial one-bottle adhesives and a two-bottle adhesive for restoration of noncarious cervical lesions ( NCCLs ) . METHOD The patient pool consisted of 57 patients and 171 teeth ( three teeth per patient ) , with one NCCL per tooth . Each patient received three resin-based composite restorations , each with a different adhesive : one tooth with a two-bottle , water-based adhesive as the control ; another tooth with a one-bottle , ethanol-based adhesive ; and a third tooth with a one-bottle , solvent-free adhesive . The authors assessed restorations in terms of retention , marginal integrity , margin discoloration and air sensitivity at baseline , six months , one year , two years and three years after initial placement . RESULTS The retention rates at 36 months were 88 percent for the first adhesive , 81 percent for the second adhesive and 90 percent for the third adhesive . No statistically significant differences in retention rates could be shown , with 86 percent of restorations retained overall . Measures of marginal integrity , marginal discoloration and sensitivity also had no statistically significant differences between the three adhesives ( P > .05 ) . CONCLUSIONS All three adhesives performed with acceptable outcomes after a 36-month period , with small differences between the one- and two-bottle systems and between the various solvents . Retention rate was moderately high and air sensitivity was markedly reduced ; however , superficial marginal discoloration and marginal degradation was notable . Certain lesion , tooth and patient characteristics may predispose restorations to retention failure . CLINICAL IMPLICATION S The type of solvent may not be a major factor in retention of Class V restorations in NCCLs . Both single-bottle adhesives and conventional two-bottle adhesives performed acceptably PURPOSE To evaluate the in situ effect of fluoride and MDPB-containing adhesives on antibacterial activity around  restorations in conditions of high caries risk . METHODS Bovine enamel and dentin blocks were restored with a fluoride-containing ( One-up Bond F Plus - OP ) or a MDPB and fluoride-containing adhesive ( Clearfil Protect Bond - PB ) .  Volunteers ( n = 17 ) wore an intra-oral appliance containing three enamel and three dentin blocks , aligned side-by-side and restored with OP or PB and one enamel and dentin block ( controls ) . The cariogenic challenge was carried out in two phases of 14 days each . The counts of total streptococci ( TM ) , mutans streptococci ( MS ) and lactobacilli ( LB ) were analyzed in the biofilm formed . Cross-sectional microhardness ( CSM ) and polarized light microscopy ( PLM ) evaluated caries lesions around the restorations and the demineralization extension . Data obtained by CSM testing was analyzed by Split-Split Plot ANOVA ( P < 0.05 ) . PLM and microbiota results were analyzed by Wilcoxon test ( P < 0.05 ) . RESULTS TM and MS counts were highest for the OP enamel restorations , and these presented higher lesion depths than PB in both the enamel and dentin . The CSM in dentin was the lowest at 60 μm from the restoration wall . None of the adhesives prevented demineralization and bacteria growth , but PB reduced the amount of oral pathogens in enamel and demineralization around restorations in enamel and dentin This study evaluated the 24-month clinical performance of a microfilled composite using a one-bottle bonding system and a compomer that uses one-bottle bonding systems , which include a non-rinse conditioner or 36 % phosphoric acid gel in Class III cavities . Each patient received three restorations due to primary caries of the anterior teeth , result ing in a total of 96 restorations . Three types of restoration/adhesive combinations were used : a microfilled resin composite ( Filtek A110 ) with a one-bottle bonding system ( Single Bond ) ; a polyacid-modified resin composite ( compomer ) ( Dyract AP ) with a filled one-bottle bonding system ( Prime & Bond NT ) using 36 % phosphoric acid pretreatment and a polyacid-modified resin composite ( compomer ) ( Dyract AP ) with a filled one-bottle bonding system ( Prime & Bond NT ) using a non-rinse conditioner ( NRC ) and a self-priming pretreatment . At baseline and one- and two-year recalls , color match , marginal discoloration , wear or loss of anatomical form , caries , marginal adaptation and surface texture of the restorations were evaluated by two experienced , calibrated examiners using the modified Ryge criteria . After two years , one restoration from each group had a rating of Charlie ( C ) for both color match and marginal discoloration and needed to be replaced . Therefore , the failure rate was 3.6 % ( success rate : 96.4 % ) for each group at the end of two years . Statistical analysis showed no significant differences among the three groups in color match , marginal discoloration , wear or loss of anatomical form , marginal adaptation and surface texture after two years . Also , no statistically significant differences were determined for each group with respect to color match , marginal discoloration , wear or loss of anatomical form , marginal adaptation and surface texture at the end of two years
According to this review , the 3-step adhesive systems were the best performing and still are the gold st and ard for the cementing of indirect restorations .
In addition , it can be concluded that self-etched adhesive systems reduce the time spent in clinical practice , however at the interface level they behave as permeable membranes more susceptible to degradation
New technologies are changing the therapeutical options to do indirect restorations and new adhesive systems are continuously introduced to be used by clinicians .
Different interactions between restorations , adhesive systems components , enamel and dentin require having criteria based on the selection of the adhesive system , ensuring the longevity of the restorations and the preservation of the biological remnant .
The adhesion force to the dental tissue is one of the indicatives of the behavior of the adhesive systems and influences the behavior of the treatments with direct and indirect restorations .
The objective of this search was to find the adhesive systems with the best results in terms of the adhesion strength of indirect restorations  on the dental tissues .