The effects of probiotics on mental health and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in petrochemical workers Effect of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis on lipid profile in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Probiotic yogurt improves antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic patients. Effects of probiotic yogurt consumption on lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients: A randomized controlled clinical trial Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of synbiotic yogurt effect on the health of children. Effect of Daily Consumption of Probiotic Yogurt on Oxidative Stress in Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Yogurt Consumption Does Not Enhance Immune Function in Healthy Premenopausal Women The Effect of Probiotic Yogurt on Constipation in Pregnant Women: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Effects of yogurt supplementation on the growth of preschool children in Beijing suburbs. Effects of probiotic yogurt consumption on inflammatory biomarkers in patients with type 2 diabetes Comparison of the effect of daily consumption of probiotic compared with low-fat conventional yogurt on weight loss in healthy obese women following an energy-restricted diet: a randomized controlled trial. Evaluation of yogurt effect on acute diarrhea in 6-24-month-old hospitalized infants. The Effect of Iranian Customary Used Probiotic Yogurt on the Children’s Salivary Cariogenic Microflora Does eating yogurt prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhoea? A placebo-controlled randomised controlled trial in general practice. Effect of daily consumption of probiotic yoghurt on lipid profiles in pregnant women: a randomized controlled clinical trial Randomized, controlled trial to examine the impact of providing yogurt to women enrolled in WIC. The effect of fermented yogurt on the prevention of diarrhea in a healthy adult population.
Objective : The aim of this study was to determine effects of probiotic yogurt and multispecies probiotic capsule supplementation on mental health and hypothalamic – pituitary – adrenal axis in petrochemical workers . Methods : The present r and omized double-blind , placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 70 petrochemical workers . Subjects were r and omly divided into three groups to receive 100 g/day probiotic yogurt + one placebo capsule ( n = 25 ) or one probiotic capsule daily + 100 g/day conventional yogurt ( n = 25 ) or 100 g/day conventional yogurt + one placebo capsule ( n = 20 ) for 6 weeks . Mental health parameters including general health question naire ( GHQ ) and depression anxiety and stress scale ( DASS ) scores were measured . Fasting blood sample s were obtained at the beginning and 6 weeks after the intervention to quantify hypothalamic – pituitary – adrenal axis . Results : After 6 weeks of intervention , a significant improvement of GHQ was observed in the probiotic yogurt ( 18.0 ± 1.5 vs. 13.5 ± 1.9 , P = 0.007 ) and in the probiotic capsule group ( 16.9 ± 1.8 vs. 9.8 ± 1.9 , P = 0.001 ) , as well as a significant improvement in DASS scores in the probiotic yogurt ( 23.3 ± 3.7 vs. 13.0 ± 3.7 , P = 0.02 ) and the probiotic capsule group ( 18.9 ± 3.2 vs. 9.4 ± 4.0 , P = 0.006 ) . However , there was no significant improvement in the conventional yogurt group ( P = 0.05 for GHQ and P = 0.08 for DASS ) . Discussion : The consumption of probiotic yogurt or a multispecies probiotic capsule had beneficial effects on mental health parameters in petrochemical workers The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of probiotic and conventional yogurt on the lipid profile in type 2 diabetic people . In a r and omized double-blind controlled trial , 60 people ( 23 males and 37 females ) with type 2 diabetes and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-C ) greater than 2.6 mmol/L were assigned to 2 groups . Participants consumed daily 300 g of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 or 300 g of conventional yogurt for 6 wk . Fasting blood sample s , anthropometric measurements and 3-d , 24-h dietary recalls were collected at the baseline and at the end of the trial . Probiotic yogurt consumption caused a 4.54 % decrease in total cholesterol and a 7.45 % decrease in LDL-C compared with the control group . No significant changes from baseline were shown in triglyceride and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-C ) in the probiotic group . The total cholesterol : HDL-C ratio and LDL-C : HDL-C ratio as atherogenic indices significantly decreased in the probiotic group compared with the control group . Probiotic yogurt improved total cholesterol and LDL-C concentrations in type 2 diabetic people and may contribute to the improvement of cardiovascular disease risk factors OBJECTIVE Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetes . Among various functional foods with an antioxidant effect , probiotic foods have been reported to repress oxidative stress . The objective of this clinical trial was to assess the effects of probiotic and conventional yogurt on blood glucose and antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic patients . METHODS Sixty-four patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus , 30 to 60 y old , were assigned to two groups in this r and omized , double-blind , controlled clinical trial . The patients in the intervention group consumed 300 g/d of probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 and those in the control group consumed 300 g/d of conventional yogurt for 6 wk .  Fasting blood sample s , 24-h dietary recalls , and anthropometric measurements were collected at the baseline and at the end of the trial . RESULTS Probiotic yogurt significantly decreased fasting blood glucose ( P < 0.01 ) and hemoglobin A1c ( P < 0.05 ) and increased erythrocyte superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and total antioxidant status ( P < 0.05 ) compared with the control group . In addition , the serum malondialdehyde concentration significantly decreased compared with the baseline value in both groups ( P < 0.05 ) . No significant changes from baseline were shown in insulin concentration and erythrocyte catalase activity within either group ( P > 0.05 ) . CONCLUSION The consumption of probiotic yogurt improved fasting blood glucose and antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic patients . These results suggest that probiotic yogurt is a promising agent for diabetes management Background : Alteration in plasma lipid and lipoprotein profile has been documented in diabetic patients . The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic and conventional yogurt on lipid profile in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients . Material s and Methods : A total of 44 patients with type 2 diabetes aged 30 - 60 years old who had low density lipoprotein cholesterol ( LDL-c ) ≥100 mg/dl enrolled in this r and omized , double – blind controlled trial and were assigned to two intervention and control groups . The subjects in the intervention group consumed 300 g/d probiotic yogurt containing Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 and Bifidobacterium lactis Bb-12 and subjects in the control group consumed 300 g/d conventional yogurt for 8 weeks . Anthropometric indices , dietary intake , and serum lipid profile were evaluated at the beginning and end of the intervention . Independent- sample t-test , paired sample t-test , ANCOVA , and repeated measures were used for statistical analysis . Results : The consumption of probiotic yogurt caused significant decrease in LDL-c/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ( HDL-c ) ratio ( 3.13 ± 1.00 - 2.07 ± 0.71 , P = 0.016 ) . The levels of HDL-c were increased significantly ( 43.66 ± 6.80 - 50.42 ± 6.64 , P = 0.023 ) in the intervention group postintervention . However , there were no significant differences in triglyceride and total cholesterol levels between two groups postintervention ( P < 0.05 ) . Conclusion : It is suggested that probiotic yogurt consumption may be used as an alternative prevention approach and treatment method to improve dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of daily consumption of a synbiotic yogurt drink on the health , growth , and quality of life of healthy children 12 - 48 months of age in out-of-home child care . STUDY DESIGN Healthy children attending child care centers were enrolled in a prospect i ve , double-blind , placebo-controlled clinical trial . The intervention was a yogurt drink containing Streptococcus thermophilus , Lactobacillus bulgaricus , and Bifidobacterium animalis subspecies lactis ( BB-12 ) ( 5 × 10(9 ) cfu/100 mL serving ) , and 1 g of inulin ( synbiotic group ) vs a similar nonsynbiotic-containing acidified milk drink ( placebo group ) once daily for 16 weeks . The end points were days of diarrhea , fever , vomiting , symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection , use of antibiotics , physician visits , child care absenteeism , parental work absenteeism , and quality of life ( PedsQL 4.0 ; Mapi Research Trust , Lyon , France ) . RESULTS Compared with placebo ( n = 73 ) , children receiving synbiotic ( n = 76 ) had significantly fewer days of reported fever ( 1.85 vs 1.95 , P < .05 ) , significant improvement in social functioning ( P < .035 ; pre-to-end intervention ) , and school functioning ( P < .045 ; pre-to-mid intervention ) . More days with ≥ 3 loose/watery stools were reported in the synbiotic group ( P < .05 ) . CONCLUSIONS Daily supplementation of children 's diet with yogurt containing probiotic bacteria BB-12 and inulin significantly reduced days of fever and improved social and school functioning . The increased frequency of bowel movements may be explained by an accelerating effect of BB-12 and inulin on intestinal transit . Further research on the possible benefits of synbiotics on children 's health is advised . TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials.gov : NCT00653705 Background : Due to the enhanced oxygen requirement of the mitochondria-rich placenta primarily during the third trimester , pregnancy is associated with elevated levels of oxidative stress . This study was design ed to determine the effects of daily consumption of probiotic yogurt on oxidative stress among Iranian pregnant women . Methods : This r and omized single-blind controlled clinical trial was performed among 70 pregnant women , singleton primigravida , aged 18 - 30 in their third trimester . Subjects were r and omly assigned to two groups to consume 200 g/day of either conventional yogurt ( n = 33 ) or probiotic yogurt ( n = 37 ) for 9 weeks . Fasting blood sample s were taken at baseline and after a 9-week intervention to measure oxidative stress parameters . Results : Consumption of probiotic yogurt result ed in increased erythrocyte glutathione reductase ( GR ) levels as compared to the conventional yogurt ( p = 0.01 ) . Despite the significant effect of probiotic yogurt consumption on plasma glutathione ( 67.9 µmol/l , p = 0.01 ) , erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase ( 163 mmol/min/ml , p = 0.04 ) and serum 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine levels ( -74.3 ng/ml , p = 0.04 ) , no significant differences were found between the two yogurts in terms of their effects on the mentioned parameters . Conclusion : Consumption of probiotic yogurt among pregnant women result ed in increased levels of erythrocyte GR as compared to the conventional yogurt , but could not affect other indices of oxidative stress Fermented milk products may protect against  breast cancer  by stimulating immunologic activity . Twenty- five women [ 24.0 ± 0.7 ( SE ) yr ] were assigned r and omly to two groups : control ( n = 12 ) and  yogurt treatment ( n = 13 ) . Controls refrained from yogurt products for three months , whereas the yogurt treatment group consumed two cups ( 454 g/day ) of commercially produced yogurt for three consecutive months . Prior yogurt consumption did not exceed 4 - 6 cups/mo , and subjects consumed their usual diet during the study . Three-day diet records and fasting midluteal blood sample s were obtained during subjects ' first , second , and fourth menstrual cycles ( baseline , Month 1 , and Month 3 , respectively ) . Macronutrient intakes differed between groups only for carbohydrate . Calcium intake increased for yogurt consumers during intervention . Lymphocyte proliferation induced by concanavalin A , phytohemagglutinin , and pokeweed mitogen , interleukin 2 production , and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity was assessed after baseline and Months 1 and 3 for both groups . No significant immune differences between the control and yogurt treatment group were observed for concanavalin A , phytohemagglutinin , pokeweed mitogen , interleukin-2 , or cytotoxicity . In conclusion , three months of yogurt consumption did not enhance ex vivo cell-mediated immune function in young women Background Probiotics can alter the colonic microbiota and might improve bowel function . Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the consumption of yogurt , enriched with Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus 4.8 × 1010 ( CFU ) on the symptoms of constipated pregnant women . Material s and Methods This triple-blind r and omized controlled trial was conducted on 60 constipated pregnant women who were diagnosed by the ROME III criteria in Tabriz , Iran from December 2014 to July 2015 . Participants were r and omly put into two groups including the treatment and the control group through block r and omization . The treatment group received 300 g of yogurt enriched with Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus 4.8 × 1010 colony forming units ( CFU ) ( n = 30 ) while the control group received conventional yogurt ( n = 30 ) for 4 weeks . The defecation frequency , stool consistency , straining during defecation , sensation of anorectal obstruction , sensation of incomplete evacuation and manual manoeuvres to facilitate defecation were primary outcomes while the amount of defecation , stool colure , and quality of life were secondary outcomes . Results The frequency of defecation was increased from 2.1 ( 0.8 ) at baseline to 8.3 ( 4.4 ) in the probiotic yogurt group vs. 2.3 ( 0.7 ) at baseline to 8.1 ( 4.3 ) in the conventional yogurt group at the end of 4th week . These results were based on the repeated measure ANOVA test and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups ( mean difference : 0.1 ; Confidence Interval 95 % : -1.4 to 1.7 ; P = 0.872 ) . Constipation symptoms including straining , anorectal obstruction , manipulation to facilitate defecation , consistency of stool and color of stool were improved significantly ( P < 0.05 ) in both groups . In addition , the amount of defecation was significantly increased in both groups ( P < 0.05 ) , while incomplete evacuation was significantly reduced in the treatment group ( P = 0.01 ) . There was no statistically significant difference between the groups in the mean scores of physical ( P = 0.726 ) and mental ( P = 0.678 ) aspects of quality of life after the intervention with the adjusting of baseline scores . Conclusions Consumption of 300 g/day probiotic and conventional yogurt can play a role in improving the symptoms of constipation during pregnancy OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of yogurt supplementation on the growth of preschool children in Beijing suburbs . METHODS Four hundred and two preschool children ( 217 males , 185 females ) , aged 3 - 5 years , whose height for age and /or weight for age were less than the reference level , were selected as subjects from 7 kindergartens in Beijing Fangshan District . The subjects were divided r and omly into control group ( CG , 201 ) and yogurt supplemented group ( YG , 201 ) . Each subject in YG was given one serving of yogurt ( 125 g ) for 5 days a week from March to December in 2001 , while nothing additional was provided to CG . All subjects kept their usual diet during the study . Anthropometry ( body height and weight and upper-arm circumference ) and the bone mineral density ( BMD ) of forearm were measured every 3 months . Disease status and dietary intake were also recorded and assessed . RESULTS The intake of calcium , zinc , and vitamin B2 in YG was significantly higher than that in CG . The incidence and duration of upper-respiratory infection and diarrhea of children in YG were significantly less than those in CG . The height gain of children in YG was significantly higher than that in CG after yogurt was supplemented for 3 , 6 , and 9 months ( P<0.05 ) ( 1.90+/-0.49 cm vs 1.77+/-0.54 cm , 3.83+/-0.57 cm vs 3.64+/-0.66 cm and 5.43+/-0.69 cm vs 5.24+/-0.76 cm , respectively ) . The weight gain of children in YG was significantly higher than that in CG after yogurt was supplemented for 3 , 6 , and 9 months ( P<0.05 ) ( 0.70+/-0.43 kg vs 0.49+/-0.35 kg , 0.98+/-0.62 kg vs 0.80+/-0.60 kg and 1.42+/-0.76 kg vs 1.20+/-0.67 kg , respectively ) . The BMD of children in YG was significantly higher than that in CG after yogurt was supplemented for 9 months ( P<0.05 ) ( 0.415+/-0.058 g/cm2 vs 0.400+/-0.065 g/cm2 ) . CONCLUSION Yogurt is beneficial to the improvement of calcium , zinc , and vitamin B2 intake , the decreasing of the incidence and duration of upper-respiratory infection and diarrhea , and the promotion of the health and the growth and development of preschool children Introduction : The role of inflammatory cytokines in diabetes and its complications has been shown in some studies . The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of probiotic and conventional yogurt on inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes . Methods : Forty-four patients with type 2 diabetes were participated in this r and omized , double-blind controlled clinical trial and assigned to two intervention and control groups . The subjects in the intervention group consumed 300 g/d probiotic yogurt and subjects in the control group consumed 300 g/d conventional yogurt for 8 weeks . Anthropometric indices , dietary intakes , and serum levels of glucose , HbA1c , IL-6 , TNF-α and hs-CRP were evaluated at the beginning and end of the intervention . Results : For anthropometric indices and dietary intakes , no significant differences were seen within and between groups post intervention ( p > 0.05 ) . The consumption of probiotic yogurt caused significant decrease in HbA1c and TNF-α levels ( p= 0.032 and p= 0.040 , respectively ) in the intervention group . Conclusion : It is suggested that probiotic yogurt may be used as an alternative prevention approach and treatment method to control diabetic complications BACKGROUND Despite evidence for the beneficial effects of probiotics and low-fat dairy products , to our knowledge , no study has compared the beneficial effect on weight loss of consuming a probiotic yogurt ( PY ) compared with a st and ard low-fat yogurt ( LF ) during a hypoenergetic program . OBJECTIVE We compared the effect of the PY with LF yogurt consumption on body weight and cardiometabolic risk factors in women during a weight-loss program . DESIGN Overweight and obese women [ body mass index ( in kg/m(2 ) ) : 27 - 40 ; age : 18 - 50 y ) who usually consumed st and ard LFs  were asked to consume either PY or LF every day with their main meals for 12 wk while following a weight-loss program . RESULTS A total of 89 participants were r and omly assigned to one of the 2 intervention groups . Baseline variables were not significantly different between groups . A statistically significant reduction in anthropometric measurements and significant improvements in cardiometabolic risk characteristics were observed over the 12 wk in both groups . However , no significant differences in weight loss and anthropometric measurements were seen between groups after the intervention . Compared with the LF group , the PY group had a greater ( mean ± SD ) decrease in total cholesterol ( PY = -0.36 ± 0.10 mmol/L , LF = -0.31 ± 0.10 mmol/L ; P = 0.024 ) , low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ( PY = -0.35 ± 0.10 mmol/L , LF = -0.31 ± 0.11 mmol/L ; P = 0.018 ) , homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance ( PY = -0.55 ± 0.32 , LF = -0.42 ± 0.20 ; P = 0.002 ) , 2-h postpr and ial glucose ( PY = -0.61 ± 0.24 mmol/L , LF = -0.44 ± 0.19 mmol/L ; P < 0.001 ) , and fasting insulin concentration ( PY = -1.76 ± 1.01 mU/mL , LF = -1.32 ± 0.62 mU/mL ; P = 0.002 ) , as secondary endpoints after the study . No significant differences were found for fasting plasma glucose , high-density lipoprotein cholesterol , or triglycerides within both groups after the 12 wk . CONCLUSION Consumption of PY compared with LF with main meals showed no significant effects on weight loss . However , it may have positive effects on lipid profiles and insulin sensitivity during a weight-loss program . This trial was registered at http://www.i rct .ir/ as I RCT 201402177754N8 Yogurt helps in treatment and prevention of diarrhea . The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of consumption of local factory yogurt , which is made with pasteurized milk , on moderately dehydrated hospitalized infants aged 6 - 24 months with acute non-bloody and non-mucoid diarrhea . Eighty moderately dehydrated breast-feeding children aged between 6 - 24 months with acute non-bloody and non-mucoid diarrhea for fewer than four days were included in the study . Patients were r and omly separated into two groups according to their treatment . Infants in the case group received at least 15 ml/kg/day of pasteurized cow milk yogurt orally plus routine hospital treatment . Infants in the control group received routine hospital treatment as in the case group .  Weight gains , period of hospitalization , and reduction in diarrhea frequency during hospitalization period of the two groups were compared . Mean duration of hospitalization ( days ) , weight gain , and reduction in diarrhea frequency were 2.7 + /- 0.91 vs 3.1 + /- 0.74 days , 435 + /- 89.20 vs 383 + /- 98.9 g , and 4.30 + /- 1.74 vs 3.60 + /- 1.23 times for case and control groups , respectively . Significant differences were observed in mean hospitalization days ( p=0.035 ) , reduction in diarrhea frequency ( p=0.049 ) and weight gain ( p=0.017 ) . This study recommends universal use of yogurt in acute non-bloody diarrhea Statement of the Problem Dental caries is the most common disease of childhood . Using probiotics has recently been introduced to reduce the incidence of dental caries . It consists of live microbial food supplements that beneficially affect the host , and hence are considered an alternative way to eradicate the infections . Purpose The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of consumption of probiotic yogurt on the children ’s salivary cariogenic microflora .  Material s and Method A double-blind r and omized study was performed recruiting 2 parallel groups ; 24 healthy children in the case and 25 children in the control group . All healthy children were followed- up over 4 periods . Periods 1 and 3 were wash-out periods with duration of 1 and 2 weeks , respectively . During periods 2 and 4 ( 2weeks duration each ) , the case group consumed 200 g yogurt containing Bifidobacterium lactis ( 1 × 106 per gram ) once daily and the control group consumed normal yogurt .  Salivary Streptococci mutans and Lactobacilli were enumerated before and after the yogurt consumption periods . Pre- and post-treatment values within and between regimens were compared using the t-test and paired sample s. Results There was a reduction in Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus counts in the control group , but for Streptococcus mutans , the count reduction between phases 1 and 4 was statistically significant ( p= 0.009 ) . In the case group , neither the Streptococcus mutans count nor the Lactobacilli count was significantly reduced . Conclusion Based on the findings of this study , short-term daily consumption of probiotic yogurt containing Bifidobacterium lactis could not reduce the levels of salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli in 6 to 12 year-old children , while normal yogurt could reduce the Streptococcus mutans counts significantly BACKGROUND Probiotic capsules have been shown to reduce the incidence of  antibiotic-associated diarrhoea  in a number of setting s. If probiotic yogurt were equally efficacious then it would provide a simple and cost-effective means of preventing antibiotic-associated diarrhoea . AIM To investigate whether eating live bio yogurt at the time of taking oral antibiotics can prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhoea . DESIGN OF STUDY This study was a three-arm ( bio yogurt , commercial yogurt , no yogurt ) r and omised controlled trial with double blinding between the two yogurt arms . SETTING A single primary care general practice surgery in Hingham , Norfolk . The study population included all ages except babies . METHOD Patients aged over 1 year who required a 1-week course of antibiotics were included in the study . There was complete follow up for 369 patients . The intervention was the consumption of 150 ml of live strawberry-flavoured yogurt for 12 days , starting on the first day of taking the antibiotic .  Diarrhoea was defined as ' three or more loose stools per day over at least 2 consecutive days ' within 12 days of starting the antibiotics . RESULTS Of the 120 patients in the no-yogurt group , 17 ( 14 % , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] = 9.0 to 21.5 ) developed diarrhoea . Of the 118 given commercial yogurt , 13 ( 11 % , 95 % CI = 6.6 to 17.9 ) developed diarrhoea ; nine of the 131 patients ( 7 % ; 95 % CI = 3.7 to 12.5 ) given bio yogurt developed diarrhoea ( P = 0.17 ) . CONCLUSION Overall , this study failed to demonstrate that yogurt has any effect on antibiotic-associated diarrhoea Background : Due to enhanced fat storage primarily during the mid-pregnancy period , pregnancy is associated with elevated levels of lipid profiles . To our knowledge , no reports are available indicating the effects of probiotic yoghurt consumption on serum lipid profiles in pregnant women . Objective : This study was design ed to determine the effects of daily consumption of probiotic yoghurt on lipid profiles of Iranian pregnant women . Methods : This r and omized single-blinded controlled clinical trial was performed among 70 pregnant women , primigravida , aged 18–30 years old who were carrying singleton pregnancy at their third trimester . Subjects were r and omly assigned to consume 200 g/d of conventional ( n = 33 ) or the probiotic group ( n = 37 ) for 9 weeks . The probiotic yoghurt was a commercially available product prepared with the starter cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus , enriched with probiotic culture of two strains of lactobacilli ( Lactobacillus acidophilus LA5 ) and bifidobacteria ( Bifidobacterium animalis BB12 ) with a total of min 1 × 107 colony-forming units . The conventional yoghurt contained the starter cultures of S. thermophilus and L. bulgaricus . Fasting blood sample s were taken at baseline and after 9-weeks intervention to measure serum lipid profiles . Results : Although consumption of probiotic yogurt for 9 weeks had been result ed in a significant reduction in serum total- ( −53.7 mg/dL , p = 0.001 ) , LDL- ( −35.2 mg/dL , p = 0.006 ) and HDL-cholesterol levels ( −9.8 mg/dL , p = 0.002 ) as well as serum triglyceride concentrations ( −42.8 mg/dL , p = 0.029 ) , no significant differences were found comparing probiotic and conventional yogurts in terms of their effect on serum lipid profiles . Within-Group differences in conventional yogurt group revealed a significant reduction in HDL-cholesterol levels ( −8.4 mg/dL , p = 0.005 ) and borderline significant reduction in serum total cholesterol concentrations ( −21.6 mg/dL , p = 0.08 ) . Conclusion : In conclusion , consumption of probiotic yogurt among pregnant women could not affect serum lipid profiles as compared to the conventional yogurt OBJECTIVE Examine the impact of providing yogurt to women enrolled in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women , Infants , and Children ( WIC ) . DESIGN R and omized , controlled intervention trial . SETTING Two California WIC local agency sites . PARTICIPANTS 511 pregnant , breast-feeding , or postpartum women . INTERVENTION Substitution of part of the WIC milk allowance with yogurt accompanied with educational material s. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants ' consumption and attitudes regarding yogurt provision . ANALYSIS Chi-square , Fisher exact , and Student t test to compare pre- versus post-intervention responses . Nonparametric Wilcoxon , chi-square , and t test to compare changes in response in intervention versus controls . Analysis of covariance models to test the influence of language preference on outcomes . RESULTS Over 86 % of women wanted to substitute some of their milk vouchers with yogurt . Among these , 62 % reported preferring yogurt to milk . The majority ( 89 % ) redeemed the yogurt coupons . Compared to controls , intervention women reported a trend ( P = .09 ) toward an increase in yogurt intake of 1.0 fl oz/day while not decreasing other dairy consumption . Those in the intervention group with the lowest tertile of yogurt intake at baseline increased yogurt consumption by 2.8 fl oz/day ( P = .003 ) relative to controls with lowest intake . CONCLUSIONS Yogurt is likely to be a popular substitute for milk and could contribute to increased dairy intake among women if it were an option in WIC BACKGROUND Probiotic dairy products are increasingly gaining popularity . Although the role of probiotic bacteria in the prevention and treatment of pediatric and antibiotic associated diarrhea is fairly well established , their role in the prevention of adult infectious diarrhea has not been well investigated . METHODS Five hundred forty-one , young male military recruits were enrolled and r and omly assigned to receive a yogurt containing Lactobacillus casei ( n = 275 ) or a nonprobiotic yogurt ( n = 266 ) . The incidence and duration of diarrhea were documented and stool sample s examined for bacteria and parasites . RESULTS Five hundred and two participants were eligible for final analysis , 254 receiving probiotic yogurt and 248 in the control group . Seventy-one participants ( 14.14 % ) experienced diarrhea during the study period . The incidence of diarrhea in the probiotic group and the control group was 12.2 % and 16.1 % , respectively ( P = .207 ) . The mean duration of diarrhea was 3 + /- 1.95 days in the probiotic group and 2.6 + /- 1.08 days in the control group ( P = .276 ) . CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated a nonsignificant trend for reduction of the incidence of diarrhea among healthy young adults consuming yogurt containing Lactobacillus casei . Further study is needed to evaluate the role of probiotics in adults
For studies of a similar design and which assessed the same outcomes in similar population groups , we report the potential for the combining of data across studies in systematic review s. CONCLUSIONS This scoping review has revealed the extensive evidence base for many outcomes which could be the focus of systematic review s exploring the health effects of conventional yogurt consumption
BACKGROUND The health effects of conventional yogurt have been investigated for over a century ; however , few systematic review s have been conducted to assess the extent of the health benefits of yogurt .
OBJECTIVE The aim of this scoping review was to assess the volume of available evidence on the health effects of conventional yogurt .