Outcomes of a multifaceted physical activity regimen as part of a diabetes self-management intervention Walk2Bactive: A randomised controlled trial of a physical activity-focused behavioural intervention beyond pulmonary rehabilitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The effects of a supplemental, theory-based physical activity counseling intervention for adults with type 2 diabetes. Cluster randomized controlled trial of a multilevel physical activity intervention for older adults A web-based physical activity intervention benefits persons with low self-efficacy in COPD: results from a randomized controlled trial Effects of a physical activity intervention on measures of physical performance: Results of the lifestyle interventions and independence for Elders Pilot (LIFE-P) study. A comprehensive physical activity promotion programme at elementary school: the effects on physical activity, physical fitness and psychosocial correlates of physical activity. Effect of Physical Activity versus Health Education on Physical Function, Grip Strength and Mobility Promoting physical activity for low-income minority women in primary care. Effects of low-intensity exercise and home-based pulmonary rehabilitation with pedometer feedback on physical activity in elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Development and evaluation of two web-based interventions for the promotion of physical activity in older adults: study protocol for a community-based controlled intervention trial Physical activity and skills intervention: SCORES cluster randomized controlled trial. The effect of supervised exercise therapy on physical activity and ambulatory activities in patients with intermittent claudication. A formative evaluation of customized pamphlets to promote physical activity and symptom self-management in women with multiple sclerosis. Physical activity levels six months after a randomised controlled physical activity intervention for Pakistani immigrant men living in Norway Physical activity in parks: A randomized controlled trial using community engagement. Activity adherence and physical function in older adults with functional limitations.
Background :  Physical activity ( PA )  is important for management of diabetes , yet practical interventions that achieve sustained behavior change are rare . Purpose : The goals of this research were to evaluate the effectiveness of a multifaceted PA intervention for people with type 2 diabetes that emphasized participant choice in activity selection . Baseline activity patterns were examined to determine whether they predicted changes in PA at 2 months . Methods : Three hundred thirty-five participants were recruited from 42 primary care physicians and then r and omized to either a computer-assisted , tailored self-management intervention ( N = 174 ) or health risk appraisal with feedback control ( N = 161 ) . Primary outcome measures included the Community Healthy Activities Model Program for Seniors Question naire , diet , and psychosocial assessment s at baseline and 2 months . Results : For 301 participants who completed the 2-month follow-up , the intervention significantly improved all PA ( p < .01 ) and moderate PA ( metabolic equivalents > 3.0 , p < .01 ) relative to controls . Baseline cluster analyses grouped participant activity patterns into three categories . At 2 months , cluster assignment differentially predicted change in calories expended in moderate , rote , sport , and lifestyle PA . Conclusions : A computer-assisted , multifaceted approach to PA demonstrated improvement after 2 months . The results suggest that individuals are capable of adjusting their activity patterns to maximize their PA The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a physical activity (PA)-focused behavioural intervention during and after  pulmonary rehabilitation ( PR ) on PA levels ( primary aim ) , health-related outcomes and self-efficacy ( secondary aims ) of patients with COPD . Thirty-two patients were r and omly assigned to an experimental group ( EG ) or control group ( CG ) . The EG received a PA-focused behavioural intervention during PR ( 3 months ) and follow-up support ( 3 months ) . The CG received PR ( 3 months ) . Daily PA was collected : number of steps ; time spent in moderate-to-vigorous PA ( MVPA ) , total PA and sedentary activities ( SA ) . Secondary outcomes comprised exercise capacity , muscle strength , health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) and self-efficacy . Measures were collected at baseline , 3 and 6 months . Compared with the CG , the EG improved the number of steps ( p = 0.006 ) and time spent in MVPA ( p = 0.007 ) , total PA ( p = 0.014 ) and SA ( p = 0.018 ) at 3 months . Differences were maintained after follow-up support ( 0.025 ≤ p ≤ 0.040 ) , except for SA ( p = 0.781 ) . Exercise capacity , muscle strength and HRQOL were increased at 3 and 6 months ( p ≤ 0.002 ) with no between-group differences ( 0.148 ≤ p ≤ 0.987 ) . No changes were observed in self-efficacy ( p = 0.899 ) . A PA-focused behavioural intervention during and after PR may improve patients ' PA levels . Further research is warranted to assess the sustainability of the findings BACKGROUND Physical activity ( PA ) is a cornerstone in the management of type 2 diabetes ( T2DM ) . This pilot investigation explores the effects of a st and ard diabetes education program compared with a supplemental PA intervention on diabetes-related health outcomes . METHODS Using a prospect i ve 2-armed design , 96 adults with T2DM were r and omly assigned to either st and ard care ( diabetes education program ; n = 49 ) or st and ard care supplemented with an 8-week , individualized-counseling and community-based PA component ( n = 47 ) . Measurements were taken at baseline , 3 , 6 , and 12 months . Primary outcomes were changes in PA ( self-report ) and HbA1c . Between group changes were compared using analysis of covariance ( ANCOVA ) and changes over time using repeated- measures ANOVA . RESULTS In comparison with st and ard care , the supplemental group demonstrated an increase in PA ( Ps < 0.01 ) and cardiorespiratory fitness ( Ps < 0.05 ) from baseline to all follow-up time-points . HbA1c levels declined ( P < .05 ) from baseline to all time points in the st and ard care group . Reduction in cholesterol-ratio ( P < .01 ) , increase in HDL ( P < .05 ) , and reductions in blood pressure , resting heart rate and BMI ( approaching statistical significance Ps < 0.10 ) were also reported for both groups . CONCLUSIONS PA counseling in addition to st and ard care is effective for promoting PA behavior change and positive health-related outcomes among individuals with T2DM Background Older adults are the least active population group . Interventions in residential setting s may support a multi-level approach to behavior change . Methods In a cluster r and omized control trial , 11 San Diego retirement communities were assigned to a physical activity ( PA ) intervention or a healthy aging attention control condition .  Participants were 307 adults over 65 years old . The multilevel PA intervention was delivered with the assistance of peer leaders , who were trained older adult from the retirement communities . Intervention components included individual counseling & self-monitoring with pedometers , group education sessions , group walks , community advocacy and pedestrian community change projects . Intervention condition by time interactions were tested using generalized mixed effects regressions . The primary outcomes was accelerometer measured physical activity . Secondary outcomes were blood pressure and objective ly measured physical functioning . Results Over 70 % of the sample were 80 years or older .  PA  significantly increased in the intervention condition ( 56 min of moderate-vigorous PA per week ; 119 min of light PA ) compared with the control condition and remained significantly higher across the 12 month study . Men and participants under 84 years old benefited most from the intervention . There was a significant decrease in systolic ( p < .007 ) and diastolic ( p < .02 ) blood pressure at 6 months . Physical functioning improved but the changes were not statistically significant . Conclusions Intervention fidelity was high demonstrating feasibility . Changes in PA and blood pressure achieved were comparable to other studies with much younger participants . Men , in particular , avoided a year-long decline in PA.Trial registration clincialtrials.gov Identifier : NCT01155011 Promoting  physical activity ( PA ) is of top priority in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . This study examines the influence of an internet-delivered intervention on the relationship between exercise self-efficacy and changes in PA , physical health , and exercise capacity in COPD . 112 U.S. Veterans with COPD were r and omized to either a comparison ( pedometer alone ) or an intervention group ( pedometer plus access to an internet-mediated PA intervention ) . There was a significant interaction between baseline exercise self-efficacy and r and omization group on change in PA . In the comparison group , there was a significant relationship between higher baseline exercise self-efficacy and greater change in PA , whereas in the intervention group , improvements in PA were independent of level of baseline self-efficacy . Similar patterns were found with physical health and exercise capacity as outcomes . The use of an internet-mediated intervention significantly benefited persons with COPD who had low baseline self-efficacy to increase PA  and  physical health . Clinical trial registration The r and omized clinical trial was registered on Clinical Trials.gov ( NCT01772082 ) BACKGROUND The Short Physical Performance Battery ( SPPB ) , which includes walking , balance , and chair st and s tests , independently predicts mobility disability and activities of daily living disability . To date , however , there is no definitive evidence from r and omized controlled trials that SPPB scores can be improved . Our objective was to assess the effect of a comprehensive physical activity ( PA ) intervention on the SPPB and other physical performance measures . METHODS A total of 424 sedentary persons at risk for disability ( ages 70 - 89 years ) were r and omized to a moderate-intensity PA intervention or a successful aging ( SA ) health education intervention and were followed for an average of 1.2 years . RESULTS The mean baseline SPPB score on a scale of 0 - 12 , with 12 corresponding to highest performance , was 7.5 . At 6 and 12 months , the PA versus SA group adjusted SPPB ( + /- st and ard error ) scores were 8.7 + /- 0.1 versus 8.0 + /- 0.1 , and 8.5 + /- 0.1 versus 7.9 + /- 0.2 , respectively ( p < .001 ) . The 400-meter walking speed was also significantly improved in the PA group . The PA group had a lower incidence of major mobility disability defined as incapacity to complete a 400-meter walk ( hazard ratio = 0.71 , 95 % confidence interval = 0.44 - 1.20 ) . CONCLUSIONS A structured PA intervention improved the SPPB score and other measures of physical performance . An intervention that improves the SPPB performance may also offer benefit on more distal health outcomes , such as mobility disability OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of a comprehensive physical activity ( PA ) promotion programme in elementary schools on children 's total PA levels , leisure-time PA , physical fitness and psychosocial correlates of PA . DESIGN A pre-test-post-test design over two school years . SETTING AND SUBJECTS Sixteen elementary schools ( 764 children , mean age : 11.2 + /- 0.7 years ) were r and omly assigned to the intervention condition ( n = 8) and the control condition ( n = 8) . The intervention included a health-related physical education programme , an extracurricular PA promotion programme and classroom-based PA education lessons . In the total sample , leisure-time PA , psychosocial correlates of PA and physical fitness were measured using a PA question naire and the Eurofit test battery . In a sub- sample , total PA levels were measured using an accelerometer . RESULTS According to accelerometer data , children 's moderate PA and moderate-to-vigorous PA ( MVPA ) levels decreased less in the intervention schools than in the control schools ( P < 0.01 ) . The average time spent on MVPA decreased by 9 min per day in the intervention schools compared with 33 min per day in the control schools . Children in the intervention schools reported significantly more moderate PA in leisure time than the controls ( P < 0.05 ) . No overall improvement of physical fitness and no effects on the psychosocial correlates of PA were found . CONCLUSIONS The comprehensive PA promotion programme was successful in preventing a decline in children 's  total activity levels . Furthermore , the intervention increased children 's PA engagement in leisure time . Therefore , implementation needs to be encouraged BACKGROUND : Physical activity ( PA ) reduces the rate of mobility disability , compared with health education ( HE ) , in at risk older adults . It is important to underst and aspects of performance contributing to this benefit . OBJECTIVE : To evaluate intervention effects on tertiary physical performance outcomes . DESIGN : The Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders ( LIFE ) was a multi‐centered , single‐blind r and omized trial of older adults . SETTING : Eight field centers throughout the United States . PARTICIPANTS : 1635 adults aged 78.9 ± 5.2 years , 67.2 % women at risk for mobility disability ( Short Physical Performance Battery [ SPPB ] < 10 ) . INTERVENTIONS : Moderate PA including walking , resistance and balance training compared with HE consisting of topics relevant to older adults . OUTCOMES : Grip strength , SPPB score and its components ( balance , 4 m gait speed , and chair‐st and s ) , as well as 400 m walking speed . RESULTS : Total SPPB score was higher in PA versus HE across all follow‐up times ( overall P = .04 ) as was the chair‐st and component ( overall P < .001 ) . No intervention effects were observed for balance ( overall P = .12 ) , 4 m gait speed ( overall P = .78 ) , or grip strength ( overall P = .62 ) . However , 400 m walking speed was faster in PA versus HE group ( overall P = < .001 ) . In separate models , 29 % of the rate reduction of major mobility disability in the PA versus HE group was explained by change in SPPB score , while 39 % was explained by change in the chair st and component . CONCLUSION : Lower extremity performance ( SPPB ) was significantly higher in the PA compared with HE group . Changes in chair‐st and score explained a considerable portion of the effect of PA on the reduction of major mobility disability‐consistent with the idea that preserving muscle strength/power may be important for the prevention of major mobility disability OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of a primary -care weight management intervention on physical activity ( PA ) among overweight/obese women . METHODS This r and omized controlled trial included 139 women ( 92 % African American ) . The effects of a physician-delivered tailored intervention were compared with st and ard care . Repeated measures analyses of variance ( ANOVA ) were used to examine changes in PA ( measured by a 7-day physical activity recall ) and physical fitness ( measured by heart rate recovery following exercise ) . RESULTS Although the intervention group demonstrated an increase in PA , this did not differ significantly from st and ard care . A significantly greater proportion of intervention participants ( 90 % ) achieved current PA recommendations compared with st and ard care ( 77 % ) , P<.03 . CONCLUSION These results provide novel information suggesting that a physician-delivered intervention may have limited effectiveness for increasing PA among this at-risk population PURPOSE We evaluated the effects of low-intensity and home-based pulmonary rehabilitation ( PR ) on physical activity ( PA ) and the feedback provided by a pedometer in stable elderly patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) . METHODS We assessed PA using a newly developed triaxial accelerometer ( A-MES ™ , Kumamoto , Japan ) , which measures the time spent walking , st and ing , sitting and lying down .  Twenty-seven elderly patients with COPD ( age 74 ± 8 yrs ; % FEV1 56.6 ± 18.7 % ) participated . They were r and omly selected to undergo PR ( pulmonary rehabilitation only ) or PR + P ( PR plus the feedback from using a pedometer ) . Their PA and pulmonary function , exercise capacity ( 6-min walking distance ; 6MWD ) , quadriceps femoris muscle force ( QF ) were evaluated before the PR began ( baseline ) and at 1 year later . We compared the patients ' changes in PA and other factors between the baseline values and those obtained 1 year later and analyzed the relationships between the changes in PA and other factors in the both groups . RESULTS The increase in the time spent walking in the PR + P group ( 51.3 ± 63.7 min/day ) was significantly greater than that of PR group ( 12.3 ± 25.5 min/day ) after the PR . The improvement rate of daily walking time after PR was significantly correlated with that of the 6MWD and QF in all subjects . CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that low-intensity and home-based PR with the feedback from using pedometer was effective in improving PA , and the improvements of physiological factors were correlated with increased walking time in stable elderly patients with COPD Background Regular physical activity ( PA ) is a key contributor to healthy ageing . However , despite known health benefits , only one third of older adults in Germany reach the PA levels recommended for persons aged 65 years and above by the World Health Organization . The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effectiveness of two web-based interventions for the initiation and maintenance of regular PA ( i.e. , intervention groups 1 and 2 ) compared to a delayed intervention control group of older adults aged 65 to 75 years . Methods / Design Study participants will be r and omly assigned to one of three study arms in five communities in the Bremen-Oldenburg metropolitan region : a ) Participants in the first arm will receive access to a web-based intervention for 10 weeks allowing them to track their weekly PA ( subjective self-monitoring , intervention group 1 ) ; b ) participants in the second arm will receive access to the web-based intervention for 10 weeks and , in addition , track PA using Fitbit Zips ( objective self-monitoring , intervention group 2 ) ; c ) participants in the delayed intervention control group will receive access to the intervention implemented in the first study arm after completion of the 12-week follow-up in the other two groups within each community . In addition , weekly group meetings in the communities will be offered to study participants in the intervention groups providing the opportunity to address questions related to the use of the website and to practice PA in groups ( e.g. , neighborhood walks , strength and balance exercises ) . To evaluate short-term effects of the intervention on physical and psychological health , PA , physical fitness , and cognitive and psychological variables will be assessed at baseline and 12-week follow-up . Discussion This study will provide answers regarding acceptance and effectiveness of web-based interventions promoting uptake and maintenance of regular PA in persons aged 65–75 years . Study findings will contribute to a growing body of evidence in Germany concerning the role of community-based interventions for the promotion of PA and healthy ageing in older adults . Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00010052 ( Date of registration 07–11 - 2016 ) PURPOSE  Physical activity ( PA  ) declines dramatically during adolescence , and activity levels are consistently lower among children living in low-income communities . Competency in a range of fundamental movement skills ( FMS ) may serve as a protective factor against the decline in PA typically observed during adolescence . The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a 12-month multicomponent PA and FMS intervention on children attending primary schools in low-income communities . METHODS The Supporting Children 's Outcomes using Rewards , Exercise , and Skills intervention was evaluated using a cluster r and omized controlled trial . The sample included 25 classes from eight primary schools located in low-income communities . Participants were 460 children ( 54.1 % girls ) age 8.5 ± 0.6 yr . Primary outcomes were objective ly measured PA ( ActiGraph GT3X and GT3X+ accelerometers ) , FMS competency ( Test of Gross Motor Development 2 , six locomotor and six object control skills ) , and cardiorespiratory fitness ( 20-m multistage fitness test ) assessed at baseline , midprogram ( 6-months ) , and at posttest ( 12 months ) . Linear mixed models , adjusted for sex , age , body mass index z-score , socioeconomic status , ethnicity , and school class as a r and om factor , were used to assess the effect of the intervention . RESULTS At midprogram , there were no significant intervention effects for any of the outcomes . At posttest ( study 's primary time point ) , there were intervention effects for daily moderate-to-vigorous PA ( MVPA ) ( adjusted mean difference , 12.7 min·d of MVPA ; 95 % confidence interval ( CI ) , 5.0 - 20.5 ) , overall FMS competency ( 4.9 units ; 95 % CI , -0.04 to 9.8 ) , and cardiorespiratory fitness ( 5.4 laps ; 95 % CI , 2.3 - 8.6 ) . CONCLUSIONS A school-based multicomponent PA and FMS intervention maintained daily MVPA , improved overall FMS competency , and increased cardiorespiratory fitness among children attending primary schools in low-income communities OBJECTIVE / BACKGROUND Intermittent claudication ( IC ) is associated with a reduction in physical activity ( PA ) and a more rapid functional decline leading to a higher mortality rate compared with healthy individuals . Supervised exercise therapy ( SET ) is known to increase the walking capacity of patients with IC . However , it is unclear whether SET increases PA . The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of SET on PA levels and ambulatory activities in patients with IC . METHODS Patients newly diagnosed with IC were requested to wear an activity monitor 1 week prior to and 1 week immediately after 3 months of SET . The primary outcome was the percentage of patients meeting the minimum recommendations of PA ( American College of Sports Medicine [ACSM]/American Heart Association [ AHA ] recommendation for public health of ≥ 67 metabolic equivalents [METs]/min/day , in bouts of ≥ 10 min ) at baseline and after 3 months of SET . Additionally , daily PA level ( METs/min ) , duration of ambulatory activities , daily number of steps , pain free walking distance ( PFWD ) , maximal walking distance ( MWD ) , and Short Form Health Survey ( SF-36 ) health surveys were compared before and after SET . RESULTS Data from 41 participants were available for analysis . A higher number of participants met the ACSM minimum recommendation for PA at the 3 month follow up ( baseline : 43 % ; 3 months : 63 % ; p = .003 ) . Despite significant increases in PFWD ( baseline : 210 m ; 3 months : 390 m ; p = .001 ) , MWD ( baseline : 373 m ; 3 months : 555 m ; p = .002 ) and physical functioning score ( SF-36 )  following SET , no increase in the mean daily PA level was found ( 395 ± 220 vs. 411 ± 228 METs/min ; p = .43 ) . Furthermore , the total number of steps and time spent in ambulatory activities did not change following SET . CONCLUSION Three months of SET for IC leads to more patients meeting the ACSM/AHA public health minimum recommendations for PA . Assessment of PA could be incorporated as an outcome parameter in future research comparing different treatment modalities for peripheral arterial disease Inactivity is a prevalent problem in the population affected with multiple sclerosis ( MS ) . Thus , there is a need to develop and test physical activity ( PA ) interventions that can be widely disseminated . We conducted a formative evaluation as part of a r and omized controlled trial of a pamphlet-based PA intervention  among 30 women with MS .  Pamphlets were customized to sub-sets of participants who shared similar symptoms and barriers to PA . Mixed methods were used to examine the intervention 's influence on self-efficacy , social support , processes of change and stages of change placement , as well as explore participants ' perceived barriers , motivators and strategies for engaging in a PA program . Results indicated that the intervention group significantly improved stages of change placement ( F = 16.64 , P < 0.01 ) and social support ( F = 4.08 , P = 0.05 ) in comparison to the control group . Fatigue , pain and lack of time were the commonly cited barriers to engage in the PA program ; whereas the pamphlets , phone calls and action planning were cited as motivators . Participants used fatigue management strategies , enlisted social support and modified their environment to routinely engage in the PA program . Strategies were identified to improve the PA intervention in future research Background To our knowledge , no studies have aim ed at improving the PA level in south Asian immigrant men residing in Western countries , and few studies have considered the relevance of SCT constructs to the PA behaviour of this group in the long term . The observed low  physical activity ( PA ) level among south Asian immigrants in Western countries may partly explain the high prevalence of cardiovascular diseases ( CVD ) and type 2 diabetes ( T2D ) in this group . We have shown previously in a r and omised controlled trial , the Physical Activity and Minority Health study ( PAMH ) that a social cognitive based intervention can beneficially influence PA level and subsequently reduce waist circumference and insulin resistance in the short-term . In an extended follow-up of the PAMH study : we aim ed 1 ) to determine if the intervention produced long-term positive effects on PA level six months after intervention ( follow-up 2 ( FU2 ) ) , and 2 ) to identify the social cognitive mediators of any intervention effects . Methods Physically inactive Pakistani immigrant men ( n = 150 ) who were free of CVD and T2D were r and omly assigned to a five months PA intervention or a control group . Six months after the intervention ended , we telephoned all those who attended FU1 and invited them for a second follow-up test ( FU2 ) ( n = 133 ) . PA was measured using ActiGraph accelerometers . Statistical differences between groups were determined by use of ANCOVA . Results Significant differences ( baseline to FU2 ) between the groups were found for all PA variables ( e.g. , total PA level , sedentary time , PA intensity ) . Support from family and outcome expectancies increased more in the intervention group compared with the control group . Self-efficacy did not differ significantly between groups . Conclusions Our results show that a multi component PA programme can increase PA over the short and long term in a group of immigrant Pakistani men . However , we could not identify the factors that mediated these changes in PA . Protocol ID07112001326 , NCT ID : BACKGROUND Physical inactivity is an important health risk factor that could be addressed at the community level . PURPOSE The goal of the study was to determine whether using a community-based participatory approach with park directors and park advisory boards ( PABs ) could increase physical activity in local parks . Whether involving PABs would be more effective than working with park directors alone was also tested . DESIGN An RCT intervention from October 2007 to April 2012 was used , with partial blinding of observers to the condition . All data were analyzed in 2012 . SETTING / PARTICIPANTS Of 183 eligible parks in the City of Los Angeles , 50 neighborhood park/recreation centers serving diverse population s participated . Parks were r and omized to three study arms : ( 1 ) park-director intervention ( PD-only ) ; ( 2 ) PAB intervention ( PAB/PD ) ; and ( 3 ) a control arm . Physical activity in each park was systematic ally observed , and park users and residents living within 1 mile of the park were interviewed . INTERVENTION(S ) The intervention included assessing park use , obtaining feedback from park users and community residents , training on outreach and marketing , and giving each intervention park $ 4000 to increase park-based  physical activity  . The PAB/PD arm required participation and concurrence on all purchases by the PAB . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S ) Change in the number of park users and change in the level of park-based physical activity , expressed as MET-hours . RESULTS Relative to control parks where physical activity declined , in both the PD-only and PAB/PD parks , physical activity increased , generating an estimated average of 600 more visits/week/park , and 1830 more MET-hours of physical activity/week/park . Both residents and park users in the intervention arms in the intervention arms reported increased frequency of exercise . No differences were noted between the PD-only and PAB/PD study arms . CONCLUSIONS Providing park directors and PABs with training on outreach and marketing , feedback on park users , and modest funds increased the amount of physical activity observed in parks PURPOSE Lifestyle Interventions and Independence for Elders Pilot ( LIFE-P ) was a trial to examine the effects of a physical activity intervention ( PA ) compared with a health education control ( SA ) on measures of disability risk in sedentary older adults ( N = 424 ) . We examined adherence to the LIFE-P PA intervention for the first 12 months of the trial . METHODS The PA intervention consisted of walking , strength , flexibility , and balance training supplemented with behavioral skills training modules , and it used a phased , center-based schedule of adoption ( 3x wk(-1 ) , weeks 1 - 8 ) , transition ( 2x wk(-1 ) , weeks 9 - 24 ) , and maintenance ( 1x wk(-1 ) , weeks 25 to end of trial ) while transitioning to primarily home-based physical activity . SA consisted of weekly ( weeks 1 - 26 ) transitioning to monthly health education workshops . RESULTS Participation in moderate-intensity physical activity increased from baseline to months 6 and 12 in PA compared with SA ( P < 0.001 ) . At 12 months , PA participants who reported > or = 150 min x wk(-1 ) of moderate activity demonstrated a significantly greater improvement in their Short Physical Performance Battery score compared with participants who reported < 150 min.wk of moderate activity ( P < 0.017 ) . For the PA arm , center-based attendance was 76.3 + /- 24.5 , 65.4 + /- 28.6 , and 49.8 + /- 35.8 % in the adoption , transition , and maintenance phases , respectively . CONCLUSIONS Adherence to physical activity in LIFE-P was associated with greater improvement in SPPB score and was consistent with adherence in physical activity trials of shorter duration in this subgroup of older adults . Older individuals at risk for disability can adhere to a regular program of physical activity in a long-term r and omized trial
Conclusion This study provides strong evidence for the effectiveness of pedometer walking interventions in increasing PA levels for patients with MSDs .
Our findings suggest that a combination of interventions is likely to be the most effective strategy to maximize health benefits in the short term .
Background Physical activity ( PA ) plays an important role in the prevention and management of a number of chronic conditions .
Aim : to investigate the evidence for effectiveness of pedometer-driven walking programs to promote physical activity among patients with musculoskeletal disorders ( MSDs ) .