Dose-response relation between exercise duration and cognition. Self-monitoring of Physical Activity Promoting and maintaining physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes. The effectiveness of physical activity monitoring and distance counselling in an occupational health setting - a research protocol for a randomised controlled trial (CoAct) A randomized trial of physical activity interventions: design and baseline data from project active. Effects of a 12-Week mHealth Program on FunctionalCapacity and Physical Activity in Patients With PeripheralArtery Disease. The 'Women's Lifestyle Study', 2-year randomized controlled trial of physical activity counselling in primary health care: rationale and study design The positive effect on determinants of physical activity of a tailored, general practice-based physical activity intervention. A randomised controlled trial of three pragmatic approaches to initiate increased physical activity in sedentary patients with risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Active8! Technology-Based Intervention to Promote Physical Activity in Hospital Employees Factors associated with changes in physical activity: a cohort study of inactive adolescent girls. A randomized controlled trial of continuous activity, short bouts, and a 10,000 step guideline in inactive adults. A controlled trial of physician counseling to promote the adoption of physical activity. Older adults recently discharged from the hospital: effect of aerobic interval exercise on health-related quality of life, physical fitness, and physical activity. Incorporating physical activity advice into primary care: physician-delivered advice within the activity counseling trial. Promoting Physical Activity With the Out of School Nutrition and Physical Activity (OSNAP) Initiative: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial. Project LIFE: a partnership to increase physical activity in elders with multiple chronic illnesses.
PURPOSE The study aim ed to provide evidence -based recommendations for the prescription of a single session of exercise to improve cognitive performance . In particular , the purpose was to determine the dose-response relation between exercise duration and cognitive performance for a moderate-intensity session of aerobic exercise . METHODS Twenty-six healthy young men participated in a reading control treatment and three exercise treatments  presented in a r and om order . The exercise treatments were design ed on the basis of the American College of Sports Medicine guidelines and consisted of a 5-min warm-up , a 5-min cooldown , and cycling at moderate intensity ( approximately 65 % HR reserve ) for 10 , 20 , or 45 min . The Stroop test was administrated after completion of each assigned treatment . RESULTS Exercise at moderate intensity for 20 min result ed in significantly better cognitive performance , as assessed by shorter response time and higher accuracy . This result was found regardless of the type of cognitive function assessed . In addition , a curvilinear dose-response relation between exercise duration and cognitive performance was observed . CONCLUSIONS An exercise session consisting of a 5-min warm-up , 20 min of moderate-intensity exercise , and a 5-min cooldown improves cognition , whereas shorter or longer duration s of moderate exercise have negligible benefits . This study provides the foundation for the prescription of a single session of moderate exercise to facilitate cognitive function in healthy younger adults Purpose : The purpose of this study was to test the effect of keeping daily activity records on physical activity levels and self-efficacy for physical activity in adults with type 2 diabetes , and to examine the feasibility and acceptability of this intervention from the perspective of the participants . Methods : This intervention study included 58 individuals with type 2 diabetes aged 40 to 65 years . Participants were r and omly assigned : individuals in the intervention group kept daily activity records for 6 weeks , mailed to the research er every 2 weeks . Data collection was completed at the beginning of the study and 6 weeks later , using the habitual physical activity index and the self-efficacy for exercise scale . Participants in the intervention group also completed the perceived feasibility checklist . Results : The intervention result ed in enhanced self-efficacy . Physical activity improved in both the intervention and control groups . Activity recording was judged to be acceptable and feasible . Conclusions : Daily activity recording can be used as part of a program to increase physical activity self-efficacy levels . Focused interactions between health care providers and patients may be enough to motivate people to higher levels of physical activity . The relationship between self-efficacy and behavior is complex and should be the subject of further research BACKGROUND Limited research has investigated how to promote physical activity in people with type 2 diabetes . This study evaluated physical activity counseling over 12 months in people with type 2 diabetes . DESIGN Participants were given st and ard exercise information and r and omly assigned to receive physical activity counseling or not . Data were collected from September 2000 through to September 2002 and analyzed from October 2002 to February 2003 . SETTING / PARTICIPANTS Diabetes outpatient clinic . Seventy inactive people with type 2 diabetes . INTERVENTION Physical activity counseling , based on the transtheoretical model , combined motivational theory and cognitive behavioral strategies into an individualized intervention to promote physical activity . Consultations were delivered at baseline and 6 months , with phone calls at 1 and 3 months post-consultation . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes from baseline at 12 months in physical activity ( 7-day recall and accelerometer ) , stages and processes of exercise behavior change . RESULTS Between-group differences were recorded in physical activity ( recall and accelerometer ) at 12 months ( p < 0.01 ) . Experimental participants significantly increased total activity ( median difference , 115 minutes ; 95 % confidence interval [CI]=73 - 150 minutes ) . Control participants recorded no significant change ( median difference , -15 minutes ; 95 % CI=-53 - 13 minutes ) . The accelerometer experimental participants recorded no significant change ( mean difference , 416,632 counts ; 95 % CI=-27,743 , 1,051,007 counts/week ) , while control participants recorded a significant decrease ( mean difference , -669,061 counts ; 95 % CI=-1,292,285 , -45,837 counts/week ) . At 12 months , more experimental participants compared to controls were in active stages of behavior(6-month chi(2)=26.4 , p < 0.01 ; 12-month chi(2)=19.9 , p < 0.01 , respectively ) . Between-group differences were recorded at 12 months for the frequency of using all processes ( p < 0.01 ) , except dramatic relief and stimulus control . CONCLUSIONS Physical activity counseling was effective for promoting physical activity over 12 months in people with type 2 diabetes Background The CoAct ( Cocreating Activity ) study is investigating a novel lifestyle intervention , aim ed at the working population , with daily activity monitoring and distance counselling via telephone and secure web messages . The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of lifestyle counselling on the level of physical activity in an occupational health setting . The purpose s include also analysing the potential effects of changes in physical activity on productivity at work and sickness absence , and healthcare costs . This article describes the design of the study and the participant flow until and including r and omization . Methods / Design CoAct is a r and omised controlled trial with two arms : a control group and intervention group with daily activity monitoring and distance counselling . The intervention focuses on lifestyle modification and takes 12 months . The study population consists of volunteers from 1100 eligible employees of a Finnish insurance company . The primary outcomes of this study are change in physical activity measured in MET minutes per week , work productivity and sickness absence , and healthcare utilisation . Secondary outcomes include various physiological measures . Cost-effectiveness analysis will also be performed . The outcomes will be measured by question naires at baseline , after 6 , 12 , and 24 months , and sickness absence will be obtained from the employer 's registers . Discussion No trials are yet available that have evaluated the effectiveness of daily physical activity monitoring and distance counselling in an occupational health setting over a 12 month period and no data on cost-effectiveness of such intervention are available . Trial Registration Clinical Trials.gov identifier : We report here the design and baseline data from Project Active , a 2-yr r and omized trial design ed to compare the effectiveness of a Lifestyle physical activity intervention with the traditional Structured exercise prescription approach . Primary outcome measures are energy expenditure in physical activity ( estimated by kcal per kilogram of body weight of energy expenditure ) and cardiorespiratory fitness ( measured by maximal oxygen uptake ) . The participants , 235 initially sedentary and apparently healthy adults , were r and omized into either the Lifestyle or Structured intervention groups . The Lifestyle treatment consists of a personalized approach that accounts for an individual 's motivational readiness and preferences for integrating physical activity into daily routines . The Structured approach is the familiar exercise prescription that is based on a frequency , intensity , and duration formula . The primary hypothesis to be tested is that there will be a difference in physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness measures between the two conditions at the end of 24 months . The secondary hypothesis is that both groups will make significant improvements from baseline in physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness at the end of 6 months . Six months of active intervention are followed by 18 months of a tapered follow-up maintenance intervention in both groups . Primary outcome measures are measured after 6 and 24 months Supervised exercise is beneficial for peripheral artery disease ( PAD ) patients limited by intermittent claudication ( IC ) . However , supervised exercise for PAD remains widely underutilized . Mobile health ( mHealth ) provides an intermediate solution between supervised and independent home-based exercise . The purpose of this study was to determine the effects on functional capacity and physical activity patterns of a 12-week mHealth program in PAD patients with IC . Twenty patients were r and omized into  usual care or a 12-week mHealth intervention consisting of patient education , smartphones , and physical activity trackers . Patient education was disseminated through smartphone and a daily exercise prescription was given based on steps per day . Primary outcomes were 12-week changes in peak VO2 and claudication onset time ; and changes in physical activity measured by steps per/day and minutes of exercise per/week . mHealth patients significantly increased peak VO2 from 15.2 ± 4.3 to 18.0 ± 4.8 ml/kg/min ( 20.3 ± 26.4 % ; p ≤0.05 ) , while usual care did not change from 14.3 ± 5.4 to 14.5 ± 5.7 ml/kg/min ( 1.0 ± 6.9 % ; NS ) . Comparison of these changes result ed in a significant difference between groups ( p ≤0.05 ) for peak VO2 . Claudication onset time significantly increased in mHealth ( 320 ± 226 to 525 ± 252 seconds ; ≤ 0.05 ) , while usual care demonstrated a worsening ( 252 ± 256 to 231 ± 196 seconds ; NS ) . The comparison of these group changes result ed in a significant difference ( p ≤0.05 ) . Neither steps per day or minutes of activity reached significant differences between groups . In conclusion , a 12-week mHealth program in PAD patients with IC  can improve peak VO2 and claudication onset time ; and mHealth interventions represent a promising alternative therapy for those patients who can not participate in supervised exercise Background Physical inactivity is an independent risk factor for diabetes and heart disease . There is evidence that increasing physical activity can reduce the risk of developing these chronic diseases , but less evidence about effective ways to increase adherence to physical activity . Interventions are therefore needed that produce sustained increases in adherence to physical activity , are cost-effective and improve clinical endpoints . Methods The Women 's Lifestyle Study is a two year r and omized controlled trial involving a nurse-led intervention to increase physical activity in 40–74 year old physically inactive women recruited from primary care . Baseline measures were assessed in a face-to-face interview with a primary care nurse . The intervention involved delivery of a ' Lifestyle script ' by a primary care nurse followed by telephone counselling for nine months and a face-to-face nurse visit at six months . Outcome measurements are assessed at 12 and 24 months . The primary outcome is physical activity measured using a vali date d physical activity question naire . Secondary outcomes include blood pressure , weight , waist circumference , physical fitness ( step test ) , serum HbA1c , fasting glucose , lipids , insulin , and quality of life ( SF36 ) . Costs were measured prospect ively to allow a subsequent cost-effectiveness evaluation if the trial is positive . Discussion Due to report in 2008 , the Women 's Lifestyle Study tests the effectiveness of an enhanced low-cost , evidence -based intervention in increasing physical activity , and improving cardiovascular and diabetes risk indicators over two years . If successful in demonstrating improvements in health outcomes , this r and omized controlled trial will be the first to demonstrate long-term cardiovascular and diabetes risk health benefit , in addition to improvements in physical activity , from a sustainable physical activity intervention based in primary care . Trial Registration Australian Clinical Trials Registry ( ACTR ) , ACTRN012605000490673 PACE ( Physician-based Assessment and Counseling for Exercise ) is an individualized theory-based minimal intervention strategy aim ed at the enhancement of regular physical activity . The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a PACE intervention applied by general practitioners ( GPs ) on potential determinants of physical activity . A r and omized controlled trial was conducted in 29 general practice s with the following inclusion criteria for patients : aged between 18 and 70 years , diagnosed with hypertension , hypercholesterolemia and /or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus , and not in maintenance stage for regular physical activity . The intervention consisted of two visits with the GP and two telephone booster calls by a physical activity counselor . Determinants of physical activity were assessed with question naires at baseline , and at 8-week ( short ) , 6-month ( medium ) and 1-year ( long ) follow-up . A significant positive effect was observed on self-efficacy , and on the use of cognitive and behavioral processes of change , at both short- and medium-term follow-up . The intervention respondents also perceived fewer barriers for regular physical activity at short-term and used behavioral processes of change more at long-term follow-up . No intervention effect was observed for perceived benefits of physical activity . In conclusion , this GP-based PACE intervention result ed in positive changes in potential determinants of physical activity BACKGROUND Physical activity is a major modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease , but it is unclear what combination of feasible approaches , using existing re sources in primary care , work best to initiate increased physical activity . AIM To assess three approaches to initiate increased physical activity . DESIGN OF STUDY R and omised controlled ( 2 X 2 X 2 ) factorial trial . SETTING Four general practice s. METHOD One hundred and fifty-one sedentary patients with computer documented risk factors for cardiovascular disease were r and omised to eight groups defined by three factors :  prescription by general practitioners ( GPs ) for brisk exercise not requiring a leisure facility ( for example , walking ) 30 minutes per day , 5 days per week ; counselling by practice nurses , based on psychological theory to modify intentions and perceived control of behaviour , and using behavioural implementation techniques ( for example , contracting , ' rehearsal ' ) ; use of the Health Education Authority booklet ' Getting active , feeling fit ' . RESULTS Single interventions had modest effects . There was a trend from the least intensive interventions ( control + /- booklet ) to the more intensive interventions ( prescription and counselling combined + /- booklet ) for both increased physical activity and fitness ( test for trend , P = 0.02 and P = 0.05 , respectively ) . Only with the most intense intervention ( prescription and counselling combined ) were there significant increases in both physical activity and fitness from baseline ( Godin score = 14.4 , 95 % confidence interval [ CI ] = 7.8 to 21 , which was equivalent to three 15-minute sessions of brisk exercise and a 6-minute walking distance = 28.5 m , respectively , 95 % CI = 11.1 to 45.8 ) . Counselling only made a difference among those individuals with lower intention at baseline . CONCLUSION Feasible interventions using available staff , which combine exercise prescription and counselling explicitly based on psychological theory , can probably initiate important increases in physical activity Purpose . Increase physical activity in health care employees using health messaging , and compare e-mail with mobile phone short-message service ( SMS ) as delivery channels . Design . R and omized controlled trial Setting . U.K. hospital workplace . Subjects . Two hundred ninety-six employees ( 19–67 years , 53 % of study Web site visitors ) . Intervention . Twelve-week messaging intervention design ed to increase physical activity and delivered via SMS ( n = 147 ) or e-mail ( n = 149 ) ; content tailored using theory of planned behavior ( TPB ) and limited to 160 characters . Measures . Baseline and 6 , 12 , and 16 weeks . Online measures included TPB constructs , physical activity behavior on the Global Physical Activity Question naire , and health-related quality of life on the Short-Form 12 . Analysis . General linear models for repeated measures . Results . Increase in duration ( mean h/d ) of moderate work-related activity and moderate recreational activity from baseline to 16 weeks . Short-lived increase in frequency ( d/wk ) of vigorous recreational activity from baseline to 6 weeks . Increase in duration and frequency of active travel from baseline to 16 weeks . E-mails generated greater changes than SMS in active travel and moderate activity ( work and recreational ) . Conclusion . Minimal physical activity promotion delivered by SMS or e-mail can increase frequency and duration of active travel and duration of moderate intensity physical activity at work and for leisure , which is maintained up to 1 month after messaging ends . Both channels were useful platforms for health communication ; e-mails were particularly beneficial with hospital employees OBJECTIVE To identify factors associated with changes in physical activity in adolescent girls at risk for sedentary lifestyles and obesity . DESIGN A cohort study was performed with 201 high school girls recruited to participate in an evaluation study of a school-based obesity prevention physical education program . Three assessment s were performed during an 8-month period . MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Associations between physical activity and a range of personal factors ( self-acceptance , self-worth , athletic competence , body image , depressive mood , perceived benefits , enjoyment of physical activity , self-efficacy , and body mass index ) , behavioral factors ( watching television and time constraints )  , and socioenvironmental factors ( social support and costs/re sources )  were assessed . RESULTS The 2 strongest and most consistent factors associated with change in physical activity were time constraints and support for physical activity from peers , parents , and teachers . Measures assessing self-perceptions , global ( ie , self-worth ) and specific to physical activity ( ie , self-efficacy to be physically active ) , were also associated with change in physical activity . For example , a decrease of 2.0 U for an adolescent 's perceived time constraints ( possible range , 3.0 - 12.0 U ) would be expected to lead to an increase of 53 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week ( 95 % confidence interval , 33 - 72 minutes ) . An increase of 2.0 U in perceived support for physical activity ( possible range , 3.0 - 12.0 U ) would be expected to lead to an increase of 35 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week ( 95 % confidence interval , 13 - 56 minutes ) . An increase of 3.0 U on the self-worth scale ( possible range , 5.0 - 20.0 U ) might be expected to lead to an increase of 19 minutes of moderate to vigorous physical activity per week ( 95 % confidence interval , 0 - 40 minutes ) . CONCLUSION The effectiveness of interventions aim ed at increasing physical activity among adolescent girls might be enhanced by engaging support from friends , family , and caring adults ; addressing real and perceived time constraints ; and helping adolescent girls feel more confident about themselves and their ability to engage in physical activity OBJECTIVE Although several studies have examined the effect of accumulated bouts on health outcomes , the impact of recommending short bouts on activity-related behavior in health promotion efforts has received minimal investigation . METHOD During this 5-week study in 2007 - 2008 , 43 university employees ( 8 male , 35 female ) in the Southeastern United States were r and omly assigned to a group recommended to achieve ( a ) 10,000 steps ( 10 K ) , ( b ) 30-minutes ( 30 min ) of continuous physical activity , or ( c ) 30-minutes of activity in bouts of at least 10 minutes ( bouts ) . RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Repeated measures ANOVA revealed that the 10 K group showed the largest increase in step counts whereas the bouts group showed the smallest change over the intervention period , p=0.01 . Condition differences were most pronounced on days in which participants met their activity recommendation . Accelerometer results revealed that the 10 K ( d=1.1 ) and 30 min groups ( d=0.89 ) showed large increases in minutes of moderate to vigorous activity ( MVPA ) , whereas the bouts group showed minimal change ( d=0.11 ) . Although activity recommendations did not differentially affect self-efficacy , participants from all conditions showed decreased self-efficacy across the intervention ( p=0.02 ) , highlighting the need to develop strategies to increase self-efficacy in activity promotion efforts BACKGROUND In accordance with one of the Year 2000 Health Objectives , the current study tests the efficacy of brief physician-based counseling to increase physical activity in sedentary patients in a nonr and omized controlled trial . METHODS Control and intervention physicians were matched on medical practice variables . Two hundred fifty-five apparently healthy , sedentary , adult patients were recruited from 17 physician offices ( mean age = 39 years , 84 % female , 28 % ethnic minority ) . Intervention physicians delivered 3 to 5 min of structured physical activity counseling during a well visit or follow-up for a chronic condition . A health educator made a brief booster phone call to patients 2 weeks after receiving physician counseling .  Self-reported physical activity and stage of change ( i.e. , behavioral readiness to adopt or maintain activity ) were collected at baseline and at 4- to 6-week follow-up . Objective activity monitoring was conducted on a sub sample . RESULTS Intervention patients reported increased walking more than control patients ( + 37 min/week vs. + 7 min/week ) . There was a significant intervention effect on the activity monitor . Intervention participants also demonstrated a greater increase in readiness to adopt activity than control subjects . CONCLUSIONS Physician-based counseling for physical activity is efficacious in producing short-term increases in moderate physical activity among previously sedentary patients OBJECTIVES To compare the effect of high-intensity aerobic interval exercise ( HIA ) with home-based exercise ( HB ) in older adults with chronic disease soon after discharge from the hospital . DESIGN R and omized controlled trial . SETTING Hospital . PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling older adults aged 70 to 92 ( N = 115 ) were recruited while in the hospital . After discharge , they were r and omized to HIA group ( n = 59 ) or HB ( n = 56 ) . INTERVENTION High-intensity aerobic interval exercise ( HIA ) consisted of endurance , strength , and balance exercises . The HB consisted of low-intensity exercises and telephone follow-up from a physical therapist . MEASUREMENTS Health-related quality of life ( HRQOL ) was assessed using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form Survey , physical fitness was measured using the Senior Fitness Test , and physical activity was assessed using the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly . RESULTS Intention-to-treat analysis showed that both groups improved their HRQOL and physical activity after 3 months . Improvements on the Senior Fitness Test ( chair st and , arm curl and 6-minute walk ( 6MWT ) ) were significantly greater in the HIA group than the HB group . The mean difference was 25.9 m on the 6MWT ( P = .001 , effect size d = 0.2 ) , 1.3 per 30 seconds on the chair st and s mean ( P = .001 , effect size d = 0.3 ) , and 1.6 per 30 seconds on the arm curl ( P = .001 , effect size d = 0.4 ) . CONCLUSION High-intensity aerobic interval exercise ( HIA ) participants significantly improved their physical fitness . Both groups increased their HRQOL and physical activity . The findings suggest that exercise therapy should be incorporated as a part of the treatment for older people at risk for functional decline INTRODUCTION The Activity Counseling Trial ( ACT ) was design ed to compare the effectiveness of physician advice alone with physician advice plus behavioral counseling , provided by ACT-trained health educators , to increase levels of physical activity in healthy , sedentary patients . The objective was to determine health care providers ' adherence to the ACT protocol for delivering initial " physician " advice on physical activity and to determine providers ' satisfaction with the protocol . METHODS Fifty-four physicians or physician assistants from 11 primary care practice s located in California , Texas , and Tennessee volunteered to participate as ACT-trained physicians . Providers were trained to integrate 3 to 4 minutes of initial physical activity advice into the routine office visits of sedentary patients , aged 35 to 75 years , with no acute or serious chronic conditions . This advice included assessment of current physical activities , advising the patient about an appropriate physical activity goal , and referring the patient to the health educator . Providers initialed forms to document delivery of advice , and ACT health educators recorded their advice on a computerized tracking system . A provider survey measured length of time spent advising patients about physical activity and provider satisfaction with the program . RESULTS Ninety-nine percent of patients received the initial physician advice  about physical activity . Eighty-three percent of the providers spent less than 5 to 6 minutes , and 46 % spent the recommended 3 to 4 minutes providing advice . Sixty-three percent said the advice result ed in little or no increase in the length of an office visit , and 83 % said participation was an asset to their clinics . CONCLUSIONS Providers incorporated brief physical activity advice into routine primary care visits with little disruption . Their response to the ACT advice protocol was positive and participation in the study was viewed as beneficial IMPORTANCE Millions of children attend after-school programs in the United States . Increasing physical activity levels of program participants could have a broad effect on children 's health . OBJECTIVE To test the effectiveness of the Out of School Nutrition and Physical Activity ( OSNAP ) Initiative in increasing children 's physical activity levels in existing after-school programs . DESIGN , SETTING , AND PARTICIPANTS Cluster-r and omized controlled trial with matched program pairs . Baseline data were collected September 27 through November 12 , 2010 , with follow-up data collected April 25 through May 27 , 2011 . The date s of our analysis were March 11 , 2014 , through August 18 , 2015 . The setting was 20 after-school programs in Boston , Massachusetts . All children 5 to 12 years old in participating programs were eligible for study inclusion . INTERVENTIONS Ten programs participated in a series of three 3-hour learning collaborative workshops , with additional optional opportunities for training and technical assistance . MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Change in number of minutes and bouts of moderate to vigorous physical activity , vigorous physical activity , and sedentary activity and change in total accelerometer counts between baseline and follow-up . RESULTS Participants with complete data were 402 racially/ethnically diverse children , with a mean age of 7.7 years .  Change in the duration of physical activity opportunities offered to children during program time did not differ between conditions ( -1.2 minutes ; 95 % CI , -14.2 to 12.4 minutes ; P = .87 ) . Change in moderate to vigorous physical activity minutes accumulated by children during program time did not differ significantly by intervention status ( -1.0 ; 95 % CI , -3.3 to 1.3 ; P = .40 ) . Total minutes per day of vigorous physical activity ( 3.2 ; 95 % CI , 1.8 - 4.7 ; P < .001 ) , vigorous physical activity minutes in bouts ( 4.1 ; 95 % CI , 2.7 - 5.6 ; P < .001 ) , and total accelerometer counts per day ( 16,894 ; 95 % CI , 5101 - 28,686 ; P = .01 ) increased significantly during program time among intervention participants compared with control participants . CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Although programs participating in the OSNAP Initiative did not allot significantly more time for physical activity , they successfully made existing time more vigorously active for children receiving the intervention . TRIAL REGISTRATION clinical trials.gov Identifier : NCT01396473 The authors describe a medical center-based r and omized trial aim ed at determining the feasibility and effectiveness of partnering patients and primary -care providers  with an exercise health counselor .  Study participants included 165 veterans age 70 years and older . The primary end point was change in physical activity at 3 and 6 months comparing patients receiving  high-intensity physical activity counseling , attention control counseling , and usual care after receiving st and ardized clinic-based counseling . We noted a significant Group x Time interaction ( p = .041 ) for physical activity frequency and a similar effect for caloric expenditure ( p = .054 ) . Participants receiving high-intensity counseling and usual care  increased physical activity over the short term , but those with usual care returned to baseline by the end of the study . The intervention was well received by practitioners and patients . We conclude that partnering primary -care providers with specialized exercise counselors for age- and health-appropriate physical activity counseling is effective
Conclusions The current evidence , from cross-sectional and prospect i ve cohort studies , supports that physical activity of any bout duration is associated with improved health outcomes , which includes all-cause mortality .
Purpose This study aim ed to conduct a systematic literature review to determine whether physical activity episodes of < 10 min in duration have health-related benefits or , alternatively , if the benefits are only realized when the duration of physical activity episodes is ≥10 min .