New York is no longer the city with the biggest super-rich population. 
 
 Hong Kong overtook the Big Apple to become the top destination for the planet's wealthiest people last year, according to a study published Thursday by research firm Wealth-X. The number of ultra-high-net-worth individuals (UHNWIs) residing in the Asian financial hub rose by almost a third in 2017 to 10,000, the study said. 
 
 New York had held the top spot since Wealth-X first started ranking cities in 2011. The firm defines a UHNWI as a person worth $30 million or more. 
 
 It said the rise in the number of ultra rich in Hong Kong was propelled by its booming stock market and growing financial links with the broader Chinese economy. 
 
 China's rapid economic growth in recent decades has helped drive a dramatic increase in the number of ultra-rich people in the region. 
 
 Among Hong Kong's most prominent billionaires are Li Ka-shing, whose Cheung Kong (CKHUY) empire controls ports, telecommunications networks and energy companies across the globe. 
 
 No single city in mainland China made it into Wealth-X's top 10 in terms of its number of super-rich individuals. 
 
 It said that was because Chinese wealth was not concentrated in any one area, but distributed around the country. Its wealthiest citizens include tech tycoons Jack Ma and Pony Ma who founded internet juggernauts Alibaba (BABA) and Tencent (TCEHY), respectively. 
 
 "The dynamism of wealth creation across China's vast landscape is nevertheless staggering," the report read. 
 
 Overall, the United States remains the preferred country for the world's richest and is home to almost a third of the world's ultra-high-net-worth individuals. 
 
 But Asia, and China in particular, are catching up. Last year the number of ultra-rich people in Asia rose by 20%. Rising Asian wealth has been helped by increasing consumer spending, more investment in infrastructure and economic reforms, among other factors, Wealth-X said. 
 
 "Asia-Pacific is forecast to close the ultra-wealth gap with other regions over the next five years," the report added. 
 
 For the past four years, the region's tally of people with $1 million in investable assets has been higher than anywhere else in the world, according to another study by consulting firm Capgemini. And by one estimate, China alone already has more billionaires than the United States. 
 
 But things could get tougher in 2018. China faces headwinds from its trade war with the United States and the huge levels of debt in its financial system. Chinese stocks entered a bear market this year, while its currency has plunged versus the dollar. 
 
 Globally, the number of ultra-rich individuals rose by 13% last year to more than 250,000. Their combined total wealth hit $31.5 trillion, boosted by an upturn in the global economy and good performances of stock markets. 
 
 Other cities in the top 10 for global wealth included Tokyo, Los Angeles, Paris and London. ||||| DESPITE GLOBAL SLOWDOWN, 2188 BILLIONAIRES IN WORLD, UP 99 TO NEW RECORD 
 
 CHINESE BILLIONAIRES OVERTAKE USA, 568 TO 535, INDIA RETAINS TOP 3 
 
 JEFF BEZOS, 52, OF AMAZON STORMS UP 18 PLACES TO 4TH WITH US$53BN UP 24BN YOY 
 
 US PRESIDENTIAL HOPEFULS DONALD TRUMP AND MICHAEL BLOOMBERG UP US$5BN AND US$16BN TO US$6.5BN AND US$37BN. BLOOMBERG BREAKS INTO TOP 10. 
 
 BILL GATES AND WARREN BUFFETT ONE AND TWO IN WORLD, WEALTH DOWN 6% AND 11% TO US$80BN AND US68BN 
 
 CARLOS SLIM HELU LOSES US$33BN AND TOP 3 SPOT 
 
 BEIJING REPLACES NEW YORK TO BECOME THE BILLIONAIRE CAPITAL OF THE WORLD FOR FIRST TIME 
 
 LEADING AUTHORITY ON CHINA AND INDIA’S WEALTHY RELEASES HURUN GLOBAL RICH LIST 2016 
 
 WORLD’S BILLIONAIRES GREW BY 99 TO 2188 INDIVIDUALS, NEW WORLD RECORD . 50% MORE THAN 2013. 
 
 . 50% MORE THAN 2013. GOING UP: 1019 SAW WEALTH INCREASE + 311 NEW FACES. GOING DOWN: 729 SAW WEALTH DECREASE + 102 DROPPED OFF LAST YEAR’S LIST. 
 
 + 311 NEW FACES. 729 SAW WEALTH DECREASE + 102 DROPPED OFF LAST YEAR’S LIST. CHINESE BILLIONAIRES OVERTAKE USA FOR FIRST TIME. CHINA AND USA WITH 568 AND 535 BILLIONAIRES MAKE UP HALF OF THE HURUN LIST. NUMBER OF CHINESE BILLIONAIRES GREW 80% SINCE 2013. 
 
 CHINA AND USA WITH 568 AND 535 BILLIONAIRES MAKE UP HALF OF THE HURUN LIST. NUMBER OF CHINESE BILLIONAIRES GREW 80% SINCE 2013. INDIA CONSOLIDATES THIRD PLACE, UP 14 ON LAST YEAR TO 111 BILLIONAIRES. 
 
 111 BILLIONAIRES. BILL GATES, 60, HOLDS ONTO TOP SPOT WITH US$80BN , DESPITE HAVING DONATED US$17BN TO PHILANTHROPY. WAY AHEAD OF WARREN BUFFET AND AMANCIO ORTEGA OF ZARA WITH US$68BN AND US$64BN. 
 
 , DESPITE HAVING DONATED US$17BN TO PHILANTHROPY. WAY AHEAD OF WARREN BUFFET AND AMANCIO ORTEGA OF ZARA WITH US$68BN AND US$64BN. BEIJING BILLIONAIRE CAPITAL OF THE WORLD. 5 CHINA CITIES MAKE TOP 10: BEIJING, HK, SHANGHAI, SHENZHEN AND HANGZHOU. 
 
 BILLIONAIRE CAPITAL OF THE WORLD. 5 CHINA CITIES MAKE TOP 10: BEIJING, HK, SHANGHAI, SHENZHEN AND HANGZHOU. GOOD YEAR FOR MANUFACTURING, PHARMA, INVESTMENTS AND TECH. BAD YEAR FOR ENERGY AND REAL ESTATE. TECH KEY SOURCE OF WEALTH FOR THIRD YEAR RUNNING, FOLLOWED BY REAL ESTATE, MANUFACTURING AND INVESTMENTS. 
 
 MANUFACTURING, PHARMA, INVESTMENTS AND TECH. ENERGY AND REAL ESTATE. KEY SOURCE OF WEALTH FOR THIRD YEAR RUNNING, FOLLOWED BY REAL ESTATE, MANUFACTURING AND INVESTMENTS. CHINA leads with SELF-MADE WOMEN WITH 93 OF 124 self-made WOMEN IN WORLD. 
 
 WITH 93 OF 124 self-made WOMEN IN WORLD. 630 BILLIONAIRES OF CHINESE ORIGIN, 29% OF HURUN LIST, MUCH HIGHER THAN 20% OF WORLD POPULATION. 470 FROM MAINLAND CHINA, 60 FROM HK, 56 FROM SE ASIA, 34 FROM CHINESE TAIPEI, 8 FROM USA AND 1 FROM CANADA AND FRANCE. 
 
 29% OF HURUN LIST, MUCH HIGHER THAN 20% OF WORLD POPULATION. 470 FROM MAINLAND CHINA, 60 FROM HK, 56 FROM SE ASIA, 34 FROM CHINESE TAIPEI, 8 FROM USA AND 1 FROM CANADA AND FRANCE. TOTAL WEALTH JUMPED 9% TO US$7.3 TRILLION, MORE THAN COMBINED GDP OF GERMANY AND UK AND CLOSE TO HALF THAT OF USA. 
 
 JUMPED 9% TO US$7.3 TRILLION, MORE THAN COMBINED GDP OF GERMANY AND UK AND CLOSE TO HALF THAT OF USA. 275 OR 12.5% IMMIGRANT BILLIONAIRES, LED BY USA (52), UK (32) AND SWITZERLAND (27). WITH US$33BN, SERGEY BRIN OF GOOGLE IS THE RICHEST IMMIGRANT BILLIONAIRE. 
 
 LED BY USA (52), UK (32) AND SWITZERLAND (27). WITH US$33BN, IS THE RICHEST IMMIGRANT BILLIONAIRE. 47 SELF-MADE BELOW 40 YEARS . YOUNGEST ARE FOUNDERS OF SNAPCHAT EVAN SPIEGEL, 25, AND BOBBY MURPHY, 26, AND PAYMENT ECOSYSTEM PROVIDER STRIPES FOUNDERS JOHN COLLISON, 26, AND PATRICK COLLISON, 27. 
 
 . YOUNGEST ARE FOUNDERS OF SNAPCHAT AND PAYMENT ECOSYSTEM PROVIDER STRIPES FOUNDERS JOHN COLLISON, 26, AND PATRICK COLLISON, 27. NEW ENTRIES RONY ABOVITZ, 44, OF VIRTUAL REALITY STARTUP MAGIC LEAP MAKES LIST FOR FIRST TIME WITH US$1.1 BN INDIA’S E-COMMERCE MAHARAJAS, SACHIN BANSAL, 34, AND BINNY BANSAL, 33, OF FLIPKART WITH US$1.4BN 
 
 22 INHERITED BELOW 40 YEARS . 
 
 . 23 FROM LAST YEAR’S LIST DIED. 
 
 CHINESE STOCK EXCHANGES ATTRACTED MORE BILLIONAIRES THAN US, FOR THE FOURTH YEAR RUNNING. 
 
 (24 February 2016, Beijing, China) Hurun Report today released the Hurun Global Rich List 2016, a ranking of the US dollar billionaires currently found in the world. Wealth calculations are a snapshot of 15 January 2016. This is the fifth year of the ranking. 
 
 The List at a glance 
 
 The Hurun Global Rich List 2016 ranked 2188 billionaires from 68 countries, up 99 from last year, in another record-breaking year for the world’s billionaires. 
 
 Total wealth increased by 9% to US$7.3 trillion, more than the GDP of Germany and the UK combined and coming close to half that of the USA. 
 
 729 individuals saw their wealth decrease. 102 dropped out of last year’s list. Russian billionaires lost US$130bn, on the back of a further 19% drop in the Russian Rouble and with lacklustre performance of mining, metals and energy. 
 
 The average age is 64, same as the last 2 years.69% are self-made. 
 
 Rupert Hoogewerf, Chairman and Chief Researcher of Hurun Report, said, “Despite its own slowdown and falling stockmarkets, China minted more new billionaires than any other country in the world last year, mainly on the back of new listings. Growth in billionaires for the rest of the world was held back by a slowdown in the global economy, the strengthening of the US dollar and the drop in oil prices. The number of billionaires, however, has jumped 50% since 2013.” 
 
 Top Ten – Hurun Global Rich List 2016 
 
 Name Net Worth US$Bn % change Main Source of Wealth Age Country of Residence 1- Bill Gates 80 -6% Investments 60 USA 2↑ Warren Buffett 68 -11% Berkshire Hathaway 85 USA 3↑ Amancio Ortega 64 16% Zara 79 Spain 4* Jeff Bezos 53 83% Amazon 52 USA 5↓ Carlos Slim Helu & family 50 -40% America Movil 76 Mexico 6↑ Mark Zuckerberg 47 7% Facebook 31 USA 7↓ Larry Ellison 46 -15% Oracle 71 USA 8- David Koch 44 22% Energy 75 USA 8- Charles Koch 44 22% Energy 80 USA 10↓ Bernard Arnault 37 -18% LVMH 66 France 10* Michael Bloomberg 37 76% Bloomberg 73 USA 
 
 Source: Hurun Research Institute 2016 
 
 ↑ Rank increase yoy ↓ Rank decrease yoy - No Rank change yoy * New to Top 10 
 
 Bill Gates, 60, retains the Number 1 spot with a fortune of US$80bn. Gates becomes the first person alive today to have created a US$100bn fortune, having given away more than US$20bn to date. In January, he bought a new home near Seattle, a 6,000 sq metre property, for US$150 million. 
 
 Warren Buffett, 85, saw his wealth decrease by US$8bn or 11%, US$2.2bn of which was a donation to the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. Buffett has recently been buying into oil refiner Phillips 66. Interestingly, 99 percent of his wealth was earned after his 50th birthday. 
 
 Amancio Ortega, 79, is back in the top 3 this year. Inditex, the mother ship of Zara, closed January with its share price close to historic highs. Daughter Sandra Ortega Mera also makes the list with US$5.5bn, inherited from her mother. 
 
 Jeff Bezos, 52, shot into the Top 10 for the first time with a US$24bn or 83% increase in wealth to fourth spot with US$53bn on the back of a surge in Amazon shares. Together with Elon Musk of SpaceX and Tesla fame (US$8.8bn, up 38% to 134th place), Bezos has been making headlines for his space project: at the end of last year Bezos successfully launched and returned a booster and capsule from a suborbital flight. Bezos in 2013 purchased the Washington Post. 
 
 Carlos Slim Helu, 76, dropped out of Top 3 after losing 40% or US$33bn of his fortune, mainly on the back of big drops in America Movil and Mineras Fresco. The Mexican billionaire has built a museum in Mexico City to house his US$100 million collection of art. 
 
 Larry Ellison, 71, with US$47bn, saw his wealth drop by 15%, on the back of a reduction in Oracle’s stock price. Ellison has donated US$4m to the presidential campaign of Marco Rubio. 
 
 Mark Zuckerberg, at 31, the youngest member of the Top 10, has had a good year, seeing his wealth rise US$3bn to US$47bn. Zuckerberg made world headlines in December when he announced that he would donate 99% of his Facebook stock to a charity set up with wife Priscilla Chan. 
 
 Charles, 80, and David Koch, 75, retain their Top 10 spots on the back of a combined US$16bn increase in their wealth. Charles Koch is an important donor to the Republican presidential campaign. 
 
 With a net worth of US$37bn, Michael Bloomberg, 73, shot into the top 10 for the first time on the back of a rise in sales at his media group. Bloomberg is reported to be toying with the idea of running for President as an independent. He has donated US$1bn to John Hopkins University. 
 
 Where they live 
 
 The ‘Big Two’ are China and the USA with 568 and 535 billionaires respectively, amounting to almost half of the billionaires on the planet. India grew fast. Russia had another bad year. 
 
 Beijing is the new ‘Billionaire Capital of the World’, snatching the title from New York for the first time. 100 of the Hurun Billionaires live in the Beijing, up 32 from last year. 
 
 Where they live 
 
 Country No of billionaires Change in No. of billionaires City Number of billionaires Change in No. of Billionaires 1↑ Greater China 568 90 1↑ Beijing 100 32 2↓ USA 535 -2 2↓ New York 95 4 3- India 111 14 3↓ Moscow 66 -7 4↑ Germany 82 10 4↓ Hong Kong 64 -7 4↑ UK 82 2 5↑ Shanghai 50 20 6↓ Russia 80 -13 5- London 50 1 7- Switzerland 66 6 7- Shenzhen 46 12 8↑ France 51 5 7↓ Mumbai 45 5 9↓ Brazil 49 -7 9↑ Hangzhou 32 10 10↑ Japan 42 -3 10↓ Paris 30 0 11↑ Italy 37 10 11↑ San Francisco 28 2 12- Canada 35 -4 11↑ Istanbul 28 -1 13- Turkey 34 1 13↑ Singapore 27 5 14↑ Singapore 32 6 13- Seoul 27 -1 15↓ South Korea 31 -2 15↓ Tokyo 26 -2 16↓ Australia 30 -2 16↓ Sao Paulo 24 -6 17↓ Thailand 26 -3 16↓ Bangkok 24 -3 18↑ Spain 21 2 18↓ Taipei 23 -10 19* Philippines 16 0 19↓ Los Angeles 21 -1 19* Sweden 16 +4 20- New Delhi 20 3 
 
 Source: Hurun Research Institute 2016 
 
 ↑ Rank increase yoy ↓ Rank decrease yoy - No Rank change yoy * New to Top 20 
 
 Greater China: Ranks No 1 with 568 billionaires, 90 more than last year. The combined net worth of the Chinese billionaires is US$1.4 trillion, similar to the GDP of Australia. Real Estate has generated most number of billionaires (117), followed by Manufacturing and Tech with 94 and 68 respectively. Led by Beijing, 5 Chinese cities make the top 10 cities for super wealth creators. Beijing, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Shenzhen and Hangzhou are home to 100, 64, 50, 46 and 32 billionaires respectively. Average age of the billionaires is 56. China is the number 1 in the world in terms of generating self-made billionaires akin to “rags to riches”. Wang Jianlin, 61, of Wanda was the richest Chinese with US$26bn, just ahead of Li Ka-shing, 87. Jack Ma, 51, of Alibaba was fourth with US$21bn. 
 
 USA: Ranks No 2 with 535 billionaires; 2 less than last year. Technology overtook investments to become the main source of wealth for American billionaires, followed by retail. Tech, investments and retail made up 122, 105 and 52 billionaires respectively. The combined wealth of the US billionaires was US$2.4 trillion, just a little less than the GDP of France. New York has the highest concentration of billionaires, with 95, followed by San Francisco and LA on 28 and 21 respectively. The USA is the world’s capital for immigrant billionaires, attracting 52 billionaires. 375 self-made and 160 inherited billionaires. USA added 33 new billionaires. Average age of US billionaires dropped to 60, primarily because of the death of 13 billionaires with an average age of 84. 
 
 India: Consolidates number 3 position.111 billionaires, 14 more than last year. Manufacturing, Pharma and Tech are the preferred sectors with 22, 20 and 15 billionaires respectively. Combined wealth of the Indian billionaires shot up by 16% to US$308bn. Average age is 64. Mumbai is headquarters to most of the Indian billionaires. Mukesh Ambani (US$26bn, rank 21) is the richest Indian. 
 
 Germany: rises to the no.4 spot with 83 billionaires, 11 more than 2015. With a net worth of US$36bn, Dieter Schwarz, 76, of Schwarz Group retains the top spot of the German billionaires. F&B, Tech and Retail are the most popular sectors with 17, 13 and 13 billionaires respectively. Bielefeld and Hamburg are the preferred cities with 8 billionaires each living there. Average is 65. 
 
 UK: Up one place to 4th with 82 billionaires, 2 more than last year. 6 new entrants, led by Mark Scheinberg, 41, of Poker Stars with a net worth of US$4.4bn. London is the overwhelming city of choice for 50 billionaires. Retail, Real estate and Manufacturing are the biggest wealth creators with 13, 13 and 7 billionaires respectively. UK billionaires have a combined wealth of US$267bn. Overall wealth of UK billionaires increased by 10%. Gerald Grosvenor & family and Indian origin SP Hinduja & family are the richest people living in the UK. 
 
 Russia: Drops to sixth position with 80 billionaires; 13 less than 2015. All are self-made. The most popular sectors are Energy and Real estate with 17 and 12 billionaires respectively. Moscow is home to 66 billionaires. Combined wealth of the Russian billionaires comes to US$234bn, down by US$130bn. Overall wealth of Russian billionaires declined by 36%. 
 
 Switzerland: 7th with 66 billionaires, 6 more than 2015. With 16 billionaires, Geneva is the No 1 city for billionaires in Switzerland. Preferred sectors are Pharma (with 15 billionaires) and manufacturing (with 13 billionaires). Combined wealth of the Swiss billionaires cumulates to US$226.3bn or 20%. 
 
 France: rose to 8th position with 51 billionaires, 5 more than 2015. Combined wealth of the French billionaires is US$300bn, 13% more than previous year. The preferred sector is luxury goods and F&B with 8 billionaires each. Home to 30 billionaires, Paris is the preferred city. 
 
 Brazil: 9th with 49 billionaires, 7 less than 2015. Combined wealth of the Brazilian billionaires totals US$146bn. Financial services is preferred industry with 10 billionaires followed by TMT and F&B with 5 each. 
 
 Japan: 10th with 42 billionaires, 3 less than 2015. Combined wealth of the Japanese billionaires cumulates to US$111bn. The preferred sector is TMT with 14 billionaires followed by retail with 9. Tokyo is the preferred city. 
 
 Young & Rich 
 
 There were 69 billionaires under 40, up by 29. Led by Wang Han, 28, China has the most (28), followed by USA (19). 21% are women, of which Elizabeth Holmes, 31, is the youngest. 
 
 47 are self-made with 22 inherited. It is worth mentioning that Bill Gates became a billionaire aged 31. 
 
 Billionaires self-made under 35 years – Hurun Global Rich List 2016 
 
 Age Name Wealth US$Bn Main Company Gender Country of Residence 25 Evan Spiegel 1.8 Snapchat M USA 26 John Collison 1.0 Stripes M USA 26 Bobby Murphy 1.8 Snapchat M USA 27 Patrick Collison 1.0 Stripes M USA 31 Mark Zuckerberg 45 Facebook M USA 31 Elizabeth Holmes 4.3 Theranos F USA 31 Dustin Moskovitz 10 Facebook M USA 32 Wang Yue 1.0 Kingnet M China 32 Cheng Wei 1.0 Didi M China 32 Nathan Blecharczyk 3.6 AirBnb M USA 33 He Zhitao 1.2 Liaison Interactive M China 33 Eduardo Saverin 5.6 Facebook M Singapore 34 Sachin Bansal 1.4 Flipkart M India 34 Binny Bansaal 1.4 Flipkart M India 34 Lin Qi 1.5 Youzu M China 34 Joe Gebbia 3.6 AirBnb M USA 35, 34 Wang Qicheng & Wu Yan 2.1 Hakim M, F China 35 Zhang Bangxin 1.3 Tal Education M China 35 Scott Farquhar 1.9 Atlassian Corp M Australia 35 Mike Cannon-Brookes 1.9 Atlassian Corp M Australia 35 Wang Tao 3.4 DJI-Innovations M China 
 
 Source: Hurun Global Rich List 2016 
 
 Source of Wealth – Hurun Global Rich List 2016 
 
 TMT, Real estate, Manufacturing and Investments made up half of the main source of wealth for the billionaires. It has been a good year for Manufacturing, Pharma, Investments and Tech. It has been a bad year for Energy and Real Estate. 
 
 Industry No. of billionaires Change in No. of billionaires Richest person Company 1- TMT 307 10 Jeff Bezos Amazon 2- Real Estate 267 -13 Wang Jianlin & family Wanda 3- Manufacturing 241 22 Georg Schaeffler Schaeffler Group 4- Investments 218 13 Bill Gates Microsoft 5- Retail 175 1 Amancio Ortega Inditex 6- Food & Beverages 160 4 Forrest Mars Jr Mars 7- Energy 116 -13 Charles & David Koch Koch Industry 8- Financial Services 111 -7 Thomas Peterffy Interactive Brokers 9- Pharmaceuticals 106 17 Dilip Shanghvi Sun Pharma 10↑ Automobile 49 4 Susanne Klatten BMW 11↑ Mining 43 -1 Georgina Rinehart Roy Hill Iron Ore Mine 12↓ Logistics & Shipping 41 -6 Jack Taylor & family Enterprise rent a car 13↑ Hospitality 33 3 Karl-Heinz Kipp Hotel Eden Roc 14* Sports & Arts 27 - Bernie Ecclestone & family Formula One Group 
 
 Source: Hurun Global Rich List 2016 
 
 ↑ Rank increase yoy ↓ Rank decrease yoy * New Entry - No Rank change yoy 
 
 Technology Media and Telecom (TMT) produced the most billionaires – 307, accounting for 14% of the entire list. 39 were newcomers, coming from AirBnB, Kunlun Tech, Jetsen, Flipkart, MagicLeap and so on. Jeff Bezos replaced Larry Ellison for the first time in tech billionaires list. 
 
 The US has the most number of tech billionaires, followed by China. China is the only country that has added women billionaires (9 of them) in the tech space 
 
 Other Points to Note 
 
 Commodity price correction dragged down the wealth of metal & mining billionaires; Lakshmi Mittal, 65, lost US$7bn owing to iron ore price correction of 40% as per IMF commodity price data. 
 
 Carlos Slim lost US$30bn last year and slipped to 5th place mainly on the poor performance of his flagship companies America Movil, Grupo Financiero Inbursa, Impulsora del Desarrollo, Grupo Carso and Minera Frisco. 
 
 Three new billionaires in the top 100 list. Georg Schaeffler (US$20bn) of Schaeffler Group, Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud (US$15bn), King of Saudi Arabia, and Massimiliana Landini Aleotti & family (US$11bn), of Menarini Pharmaceuticals. 
 
 Kingdom Holding’s share price drove down Prince Alwaleed Bin Talal Alsaud’s rank dropped 36 places to 54th. 
 
 Thomas Petterffy, 71, of Interactive Brokers, a discount broking firm, tops the list of richest individuals in the financial service sector with US$11bn wealth. 
 
 Women. 15% of the list or 315 women in total. The oldest are Yik-Chun Koo Wang, 98, co-founder of Johnson Electric, and Maria Franca Fisollo, 98, of Ferrero Rocher. 
 
 Migration good or bad? At a time when the world is debating on immigration, it is interesting to note that 275 or 12.5% of the billionaires are immigrants, led by 52 to the USA, 32 to the UK and 27 to Switzerland. With 56, China is the country producing most of the migrant billionaires, followed by Germany with 25 and India with 24. With US$33bn, Sergey Brin, 42, of Google is the wealthiest immigrant in the world. 
 
 Only Asia and Europe registered a growth in the total number of billionaires. 
 
 Richest Families: The Wal-mart and Koch Industries are the richest families in the Hurun Global Rich List 2016 with a cumulative net worth of US$123bn and US$104bn respectively. Mars family at US$72bn follows them. 
 
 Politically active. Charles and David Koch are active donors to the Republican Party. Donald Trump, US$6.5bn and Michael Bloomberg, US$37bn are either running for or thinking about running for US President. Former Prime Ministers include Silvio Berlusconi of Italy and Saad Hariri of Lebanon. 8 ruling royal families, including Saudi Arabia, Brunei, UAE, Morocco, Thailand, Qatar and Liechtenstein. 
 
 The Indian ‘Sam Walton’: Supported by the strong performance of his investments and also his flagship company Lulu hypermarket, MA Yousuf Ali increased with wealth by US$3bn or 82% to US$6bn. 
 
 123 billionaires own Fortune Global 500 companies, 76 from USA, 10 from China. 
 
 Oldest. The oldest billionaires on the list are 100 year old David Rockefeller Sr (US$1.5bn) followed by 99 year old billionaire investor Henry Hillman ($2.4bn). 
 
 23 billionaires from last year’s Hurun Global Rich List died. Average age of the death is 86. Subway co-founder Fred DeLuca died at the early age of 67. 
 
 The billionaire obituary – Hurun Global Rich List 2016 
 
 Name Company Country Age Net Worth 2015 (US$Bn) Fred DeLuca Subway USA 67 2.6 Richard Rainwater Rainwater Investments USA 70 2.7 Jassim Al Kharafi The Kharafi Group Kuwait 74 1.5 Susan Hirt Hagen Erie Indemnity USA 77 1.9 Peter Lewis Progressive USA 81 1.3 Donna MacMillan Cargill USA 82 1.8 Richard Scaife Newsmax USA 82 1.3 Maria Solari Falabella SACI Falabella Chile 83 1.8 Lee Seng Wee Overseas China Banking Corp Singapore 84 1.5 Alfred James Clark Clark Enterprises USA 87 2.3 Michele Ferrero Ferrero Rocher Monaco 88 22 Joe Jamail Jr Joe Jamail Lawsuits USA 88 1.5 William C Ford Sr Ford Motor USA 89 1.2 Hans Guido Riegel Haribo Germany 90 2.7 Heinz-Horst Deichmann Deichmann Germany 90 2.6 Karen Boyd S.C Johnson USA 90 2.4 Alfred Taubman Taubman Centers USA 90 1.2 Brijmohan Lall Munjal Hero Group India 91 3.1 Kenneth Adams Jr Adams Resources & Energy USA 92 1.2 Ingeburg Herz Beiersdorf Germany 93 2.8 Alberto Benavides Buenaventura Peru 94 1 Karl Wlaschek Billa Austria 97 3 Kirk Kerkorian MGM Resorts USA 97 2.2 
 
 Source: Hurun Research Institute 2016 
 
 Chinese Diaspora: Where they live – Hurun Global Rich List 
 
 Chinese diaspora. 630 or 29% of billionaires are of Chinese origin, up 101 from 529 last year. Outside of Greater China, the Chinese diaspora are based predominantly in South East Asia, led by Singapore and Indonesia. Chinese make up 20% of the world’s population. 
 
 Residence No. of Billionaires Mainland China 470 (+74) Hong Kong 60 (-11) Chinese Taipei 34 (-14) Singapore 20 (+6) Indonesia 10 (-) Malaysia 10 (+3) Philippines 8 (+2) Thailand 8 (+3) USA 8 (-) Canada 1 (+1) France 1 (+1) Total 630 (+101) 
 
 Source: Hurun Global Rich List 2016 
 
 Trends in Number of Billionaires 
 
 The world’s billionaires have grown 50% since 2013, from 1453 to 2188. Over the same period, Mainland Chinese have grown 80%. 
 
 Year Cut-off to Hurun Global Rich List US$Bn Total No. on List Mainland Chinese on List Greater Chinese on List Mainlanders in Top 100 2012 100 83 1 5 1 2013 10 1453 262 357 2 2014 10 1867 291 458 3 2015 10 2089 359 478 8 2016 10 2188 470 568 8 
 
 Source: Hurun Research Institute 2016 
 
 Measuring the degree to which Billionaires are Self-Made 
 
 Hurun Report measures the degree to which billionaires are inherited or self-made. The scorecard is out of five, where 1 is inherited and not active in business, and 5 is self-made without help from parents. 
 
 Self-made with a little help from parents was the most common route to becoming a billionaire. An example is Mark Zuckerberg, who was educated at Phillips Exeter Academy, one of America’s best-known private high schools. Second was self-made without help from parents, most of whom are coming from China and the US. Third was inheriting a business and growing it into a much bigger entity, eg Rupert Murdoch. 
 
 China leads with self-made ‘5s’. 
 
 9% of the Self-Made ‘4s’ and ‘5s’ are female, whilst 70% of the ‘1s’ are female. 
 
 69% are self-made. 
 
 59 individuals, or 2.6%, are from the 4th generation or more. 
 
 Countries by Self-Made Scorecard 
 
 Self-Made Scorecard % of billionaires TOP 3 Countries (with %. of billionaires) Example 5 34% 1. China (66%) Self-made without parental financial support eg Warren Buffett 2. USA (11%) 3. Chinese Taipei (3%) 4 35% 1. USA (38%) Self-made, but with a helping hand from parents such as through private education, eg Mark Zuckerberg 2. Russia (9%) 3. India (6%) 3 21% 1. USA (21%) Inherited financial independence, but grew it big time. 2. India (10%) 3. Germany (9%) 2 7% 1. USA (26%) Inherited, but active in the business eg Liliane Bettencourt of L’Oreal 2. China (13%) 3. Chinese Taipei (4%) 1 3% 1. USA (32%), Inherited and not actively involved in the business, eg Laurene Powell Jobs of Apple 2. Brazil (9%) 3. China (2%) 
 
 Source: Hurun Research Institute 2016 
 
 Billionaires by Continent – Hurun Global Rich List 2016 
 
 35% of new billionaires reside in Asia. Asia is drawing away from North America with 207 new billionaires to take it to 1022 individuals, followed by North America with 584 billionaires and Europe 441. 
 
 Europe added US$253bn this year, 18% higher than that of last year. 
 
 South America lost US$37bn mainly on account of 21% correction of BOVESPA index and 35% depreciation of Brazilian Real. 
 
 Oceania is the only continent where a woman leads the billionaires’ list. (Georgina Rinehart, US$16bn). 
 
 With a cumulative net worth of US$84bn, Africa has 29 billionaires on the Hurun Global Rich List 2016. Aliko Dangote, 58, of Dangote Cements leads the pack with US$10bn. 
 
 Continent No. of billionaires Change in No of billionaires YoY Combined wealth US$ Bn 1 Asia 1,022 79 2,651 2 North America 584 -5 2,617 3 Europe 441 40 1,707 4 South America 82 -10 228 5 Oceania 31 -2 77 6 Africa 29 -2 84 
 
 Source: Hurun Global Rich List 2016 
 
 European Union – A quick look 
 
 The EU has 344 billionaires this year. Average age of billionaires in the EU is 67, three years higher than the overall list. 
 
 Billionaires by EU country 
 
 Country No. of Billionaires Average Age Top Industry Germany 83 64.7 Food & Beverages UK 82 66.1 Real Estate France 51 67.9 Food & Beverages Italy 37 68.1 Retail Spain 21 68.5 Real Estate Austria 13 66.5 Packaging Denmark 14 61.5 Manufacturing Netherlands 11 70.9 Food & Beverages Sweden 16 66.9 Investments 
 
 Source: Hurun Research Institute 2016 
 
 Stats 
 
 The cut-off required for the Top 100 fell slightly, whilst for the Top 200, 500 and 1000 was up. 
 
 Rank on List 2016 Cut-off required US$bn 2015 Cut-off required US$bn 2014 Cut-off required US$bn 10 37 36 36 100 11 12 11.5 200 6.6 5.9 6.9 500 3.5 2.6 3.4 1000 2.1 1.9 2 
 
 Source: Hurun Global Rich List 2016 
 
 Currency fluctuations 
 
 The US Dollar has strengthened again against most of the other major currencies. 
 
 Currency fluctuations against the US Dollar – Hurun Global Rich List 2016 
 
 Country % drop in currency % Change in Wealth Japan 0% 3% UK 5% 13% China 7% 25% India 12% 26% Australia 14% 11% 
 
 Source: Hurun Global Rich List 2016 
 
 Stock Exchanges 
 
 China has more billionaires listed on its stock exchanges than the USA, leading with 393 compared with 239 billionaires listed in the USA. The Argentinean Stock Exchange (MERVAL) performed the best at 36%; Chinese Shenzhen had a good year, with a gain of 22%. NYSE returned a negative declined growth of -11% while London Stock Exchange returned a declined growth of -11%. 
 
 Companies that created most Billionaires - Hurun Global Rich List 2016 
 
 Hyatt and Cargill has created more billionaires than any other company on the Hurun Global Rich List 2016, with 10 members of the extended Pritzker family (Hyatt), MacMillan (Cargill) and the Cargill family (Cargill) making the list, followed by Roche and Dr Oetker. 
 
 Rank Company No. of Billionaires 1 Hyatt 10 1 Cargill 10 3 Roche 9 4 Dr Oetker 8 5 SC Johnson & Son 7 5 Wal-Mart 7 7 SACI Falabella 5 7 Infosys 5 7 Hennes & Mauritz 5 7 Estee Lauder 5 7 Facebook 5 
 
 
 
 Source: Hurun Global Rich List 2016 
 
 Chinese Star Signs 
 
 Snakes did best on this year’s list again, followed by Horses and Oxen. Dragons had the worst year, dropping 0.65% and three places to sixth. Those born in the year of the Monkey, which started last month, had a good year, up one place to sixth. 
 
 Rank Rank Change Star Sign % % change 1 - Snake 9.8% 0.31% 2 - Horse 9.0% -0.17% 3 - Ox 8.8% -0.21% 4 1 Rabbit 8.7% -0.06% 5 1 Sheep 8.6% 0.34% 6 -3 Dragon 8.4% -0.65% 6 1 Monkey 8.4% 0.25% 8 1 Dog 8.0% 0.21% 9 -1 Rat 7.9% -0.14% 9 1 Tiger 7.9% 0.16% 11 1 Rooster 7.5% 0.28% 12 -1 Pig 7.1% -0.31% 
 
 Source: Hurun Global Rich List 2016 
 
 Table: Top 100 - Hurun Global Rich List 2016 
 
 Rank Change Name Net Worth US$Bn % change Main Company Industry Age Country of Residence City of Residence 1 0 Bill Gates 80 -6% Microsoft Investments 60 USA Medina 2 1 Warren Buffett 68 -11% Berkshire Hathaway Investments 85 USA Omaha 3 1 Amancio Ortega 64 16% Inditex Single Brand Retailing 79 Spain La Coruna 4 18 Jeff Bezos 53 83% Amazon Online Retail 52 USA Seattle 5 -3 Carlos Slim Helu & family 50 -40% America Movil Investments 76 Mexico Mexico City 6 1 Mark Zuckerberg 47 7% Facebook Technology 31 USA Palo Alto 7 -2 Larry Ellison 46 -15% Oracle Technology 71 USA Woodside 8 0 Charles Koch 44 22% Koch Industries Energy 80 USA Wichita 8 0 David Koch 44 22% Koch Industries Energy 75 USA New York 10 -4 Bernard Arnault 37 -18% LVMH Single Brand Retailing 66 France Paris 10 29 Michael Bloomberg 37 76% Bloomberg Media 73 USA New York 12 -4 Dieter Schwarz 36 0% Schwarz Group Multi Brand Retailing 76 Germany Neckarsulm 13 4 Larry Page 34 10% Google Technology 42 USA Palo Alto 14 1 Liliane Bettencourt 33 0% L'Oreal Cosmetics 93 France Paris 14 4 Sergey Brin 33 10% Google Technology 42 USA Los Altos 16 -3 Jim Walton 31 -9% Wal-Mart Multi Brand Retailing 67 USA Bentonville 17 -6 Alice Walton 30 -14% Wal-Mart Multi Brand Retailing 66 USA Fort Worth 18 -5 Robson Walton 29 -15% Wal-Mart Multi Brand Retailing 71 USA Bentonville 19 9 Ingvar Kamprad & family 28 8% Ikea Single Brand Retailing 89 Switzerland Lausanne 20 54 Jorge Paulo Lemann 27 93% 3G Capital Investments 76 Brazil Sao Paulo 21 12 Wang Jianlin & family 26 4% Wanda Real estate, entertainment 62 China Beijing 21 20 Mukesh Ambani 26 30% Reliance Energy 58 India Mumbai 23 -7 Li Ka-shing 25 -22% Cheung Kong Real Estate、Energy、Investments 88 China Hong Kong 23 11 Bertrand Puech & family 25 4% Hermes Single Brand Retailing 79 France Paris 23 -12 Christy Walton & family 25 -29% Wal-Mart Multi Brand Retailing 60 USA Jackson 23 1 George Soros 25 -11% Soros Fund Management Hedge Funds 85 USA New York 27 0 Lee Shau Kee 24 -9% Henderson Land Real Estate、Investments 88 China Hong Kong 27 -9 Gérard Mulliez & family 24 -20% Auchan Multi Brand Retailing 84 France Croix 27 1 Jacqueline Mars 24 -8% Mars Food & Beverages 76 USA The Plains 27 9 Steve Ballmer 24 9% Microsoft Technology 60 USA Hunts Point 27 1 Forrest Mars Jr 24 -8% Mars Food & Beverages 85 USA Big Horn 27 1 John Mars 24 -8% Mars Food & Beverages 81 USA Jackson 33 3 David Thomson & family 23 5% Thomson Reuters Media 58 Canada Toronto 33 144 Leonardo Del Vecchio 23 21% Luxottica Luxury Goods 80 Italy Milan 33 11 Phil Knight 23 21% Nike Footwear Retail 78 USA Hillsborough 36 -2 Jack Ma Yun & family 21 -14% Alibaba, Ant Financial E-commerce, finanical service 52 China Hangzhou 36 -12 Sheldon Adelson 21 -25% Las Vegas Sands Casinos 82 USA Las Vegas 38 New Georg Schaeffler 20 New Schaeffler Group Manufacturing 51 Germany Herzogenaurach 38 -2 Maria Franca Fissolo & family 20 -9% Ferrero Rocher Food & Beverages 98 Monaco Monte Carlo 38 -16 Carl Icahn 20 -31% Icahn Enterprises Investments 79 USA New York 41 12 Pony Ma 19 12% Tencent IT 45 China Shenzhen 41 2 Zong Qinghou & family 19 0% Wahaha Drinks 71 China Hangzhou 41 -17 Stefan Persson 19 -32% Hennes & Mauritz Single Brand Retailing 68 Sweden Stockholm 41 53 Anne Cox Chambers 19 46% Cox Enterprise Media 96 USA Atlanta 41 29 Paul Allen 19 36% Vulcan Investments 63 USA Mercer Island 46 -28 Karl Albrecht Jr & family 18 -40% Aldi Sud Multi Brand Retailing 67 Germany Mulheim an der Ruhr 46 7 Dilip Shanghvi 18 6% Sun Pharma Pharmaceuticals 59 India Mumbai 48 -1 SP Hinduja & family 16 -11% Hinduja Group Manufacturing 81 UK London 48 -7 Rinat Akhmetov 16 -20% System Capital Management Investments 49 Ukraine Donetsk 48 51 Ray Dalio 16 39% Bridgewater Associates Hedge Funds 66 USA Greenwich 48 51 Michael Dell 16 33% Dell Technology 50 USA Austin 48 5 Donald Bren 16 -6% Irvine Company Real Estate 83 USA Newport Beach 48 56 Elaine Marshall & family 16 45% Koch Industries Investments 72 USA Dallas 54 170 Galen Weston & family 15 188% George Weston Food & Beverages 75 Canada Toronto 54 5 Robert Kuok 15 -9% Kuok Group Diversified 93 China Hong Kong 54 20 Serge Dassault & family 15 7% Dassault System Aviation Technology 90 France Paris 54 6 Michael Otto & family 15 -6% Otto Group Multi Brand Retailing 72 Germany Hamburg 54 -10 Tadashi Yanai 15 -21% Fast Retailing Multi Brand Retailing 66 Japan Tokyo 54 -36 Alwaleed Bin Talal Alsaud 15 -50% Kingdom Holding Company Investments 60 Saudi Arabia Riyadh 54 New Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud 15 New - Oil & Gas 80 Saudi Arabia Riyadh 54 20 Gerald Grosvenor & family 15 7% Grosvenor Real Estate 64 UK Cheshire 54 -7 Leonard Blavatnik 15 -17% Lyondellbasell Energy 58 UK London 63 11 Lei Jun 14 0% Xiaomi Technology Mobile phone, investments 47 China Beijing 63 11 Yan Hao 14 0% China Pacific Construction Croup Infrastructure 30 China Nanjing 63 3 Abigail Johnson 14 -7% Fidelity Investments 54 USA Milton 63 -16 Laurene Powell Jobs & family 14 -22% Apple Technology 52 USA Palo Alto 63 11 Ronald Perelman 14 0% Scientific Game Investments 73 USA New York 63 266 Thomas Peterffy 14 324% Interactive Brokers Financial Services 71 USA Greenwich 63 11 James Simons 14 0% Renaissance Technologies Hedge Funds 77 USA New York 70 29 Joseph Safra 13 8% Grupo Safra Banking 77 Brazil Sao Paulo 70 -23 Haji Hassanal Bolkiah 13 -28% Brunei Investment Agency Energy 69 Brunei Bandar Seri Begawan 70 -23 Li Yanhong & Ma Dongmin 13 -28% Baidu IT 48、46 China Beijing 70 -10 Pallonji Mistry 13 -19% Shapoorji Pallonji Engineering & Construction 86 India Mumbai 70 205 Stefano Pessina 13 132% Walgreen Pharmaceuticals 74 Monaco Monte Carlo 70 4 Henry Sy & family 13 -7% Sm Prime Holding Multi Brand Retailing 91 Philippines Manila 70 81 Charoen Sirivadhanabhakdi 13 55% Thai Beverage Food & Beverages 71 Thailand Bangkok 70 -23 Charles Ergen 13 -28% Dish Networks Entertainment 62 USA Denver 70 67 Stephen Schwarzman 13 35% Blackstone Investments 68 USA New York 79 -19 Georgina Rinehart 12 -25% Roy Hill Iron Ore Mine Mining 61 Australia Perth 79 25 Emilio Alves Odebrecht & family 12 9% Odebrecht Petrochemical - Brazil - 79 122 Marcel Herrmann Telles 12 107% 3G Capital Investments 65 Brazil Sao Paulo 79 -13 Susanne Klatten 12 -20% BMW Automobile 54 Germany Bad Homburg 79 25 Shiv Nadar 12 9% HCL Technology 70 India New Delhi 79 -26 Masayoshi Son 12 -29% Softbank Telecom 60 Japan Tokyo 79 103 Charlene Carvalho 12 9% Heineken Food & Beverages 61 Netherlands Amsterdam 79 -19 Viktor Vekselberg 12 -25% Renova Energy 59 Russia Moscow 79 20 Ernesto Bertarelli & family 12 0% Serono Pharmaceuticals 50 Switzerland Gstaad 79 41 Gennady Timchenko 12 20% Gunvor Energy 63 Switzerland Geneva 79 -5 Bhumibol Adulyadej 12 -14% CPB Holdings Diversified 88 Thailand Bangkok 79 -5 Patrick Soon-Shiong 12 -14% Nant Works Pharmaceuticals 63 USA Los Angeles 91 86 Xu Jiayin 11 64% Evergrande Real Estate, Investments 58 China Guangzhou 91 3 Stefan Quandt 11 -15% BMW Automobile 49 Germany Bad Homburg 91 New Massimiliana Landini Aleotti & family 11 New Menarini Pharmaceuticals 72 Italy - 91 -31 Vladimir Potanin 11 -31% Interros Steel 55 Russia Moscow 91 13 Lee Kun Hee 11 0% Samsung Electronics 74 South Korea Seoul 91 -25 Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan 11 -27% SBK Holdings Energy 67 UAE Abu Dhabi 91 13 Hans Rausing 11 0% Tetra Pak Packaging 90 UK Wadhurst 91 94 Andrew Beal 11 69% Beal Bank Investments 63 USA Dallas 91 13 Jack Taylor & family 11 0% Enterprise Rent A Car Logistics 93 USA St Louis 91 43 Steve Cohen 11 12% Sac Capital Hedge Funds 59 USA New York 91 68 John Menard Jr 11 51% Menards Multi Brand Retailing 75 USA Eau Claire 
 
 For the full list, see www.hurun.net 
 
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 Established as a research unit in 1999 by British accountant Rupert Hoogewerf, Hurun Report Inc. has grown into a leading media and research house based in Shanghai, China, best-known for its rankings of the richest people in China, India and the rest of the world. 
 
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– Looking to hobnob with the rich but not necessarily famous? Although New York City used to be where you'd be find the largest population of super-rich people in the world, Hong Kong has taken over the top spot this year, CNNMoney notes. That's per a new report from research firm Wealth-X, which looked for how many UHNWIs (ultra-high-net-worth individuals) reside in cities around the globe. To qualify as an UHNWI for this study, an individual had to be worth $30 million or more, and thanks to its robust stock market and ties to a burgeoning Chinese economy, Hong Kong now claims more than 10,000 of these super-rich residents. The Big Apple falls to second place with nearly 8,900. Here, the top 10 cities and the number of UHNWIs in each: