Parents are risking their babies' health because of a surge in the popularity of swaddling, according to an orthopaedic surgeon. 
 
 The technique involves binding the arms and legs with blankets and is used to help calm a baby and prevent crying. 
 
 But Prof Nicholas Clarke, of Southampton University Hospital, said swaddling was damaging developing hips. 
 
 The Royal College of Midwives and other experts advised parents to avoid tightly swaddling a child. 
 
 Restricts movement 
 
 Swaddling has been widely used in many cultures globally. It is thought the blanket wrapping can simulate the feelings of being in the womb and calm the child. 
 
 But the technique holds the legs out straight and restricts movement, which can alter the development of the hip joint. 
 
 Swaddling should not be employed in my view as there is no health benefit but a risk for adverse consequences of the growing and often immature hips Andreas Roposch, Great Ormond Street Hospital 
 
 Writing in the journal Archives of Disease in Childhood, Prof Clarke argued: "There has been a recent resurgence of swaddling because of its perceived palliative effect on excessive crying, colic and promoting sleep. 
 
 "In order to allow for healthy hip development, legs should be able to bend up and out at the hips. This position allows for natural development of the hip joints. 
 
 "The babies' legs should not be tightly wrapped in extension and pressed together." 
 
 Jane Munro, of the Royal College of Midwives, said it was a "seemingly innocuous" thing to do, but it posed "significant problems" for the baby. 
 
 She said there was also the risk of the baby overheating and a raised risk of cot death. 
 
 She added: "We advise parents to avoid swaddling, but it is also crucial that we take into account each mother's cultural background, and to provide individualised advice to ensure she knows how to keep her baby safe, able to move and not get overheated." 
 
 Video guidance 
 
 Andreas Roposch, a consultant orthopaedic surgeon at Great Ormond Street Hospital, said: "Similar effects may be seen in all devices or manoeuvres that place the legs in a purely straight position for prolonged periods in this critical age of early infancy. 
 
 "Swaddling should not be employed in my view, as there is no health benefit but a risk for adverse consequences of the growing and often immature hips." 
 
 Rosemary Dodds, of parenting charity the NCT, advised against tight swaddling. 
 
 "It is helpful to raise awareness of hip dysplasia in relation to swaddling. Some parents and babies seem to like swaddling, but it is important that babies do not overheat and their legs are not restricted. 
 
 "Videos are available on the NCT website showing parents who want to swaddle their baby how to do so safely." ||||| Swaddling babies is on the rise: Add it to the long list of mixed messages new parents get about infant care. It helps fussy babies calm down, but given some health concerns, your swaddling technique (and frequency) should be checked out. 
 
 One of the first things many new parents learn these days is the craft of swaddling their infant children. I, for one, remember with a feeling almost approaching fondness the moment during parenting class when I had to demonstrate for all assembled how to swaddle a doll in a theoretically sound manner. (I did it, more or less, a rare personal triumph over my own lack of spatial relations skills.) 
 
 Swaddling is great. It has a way of transforming a wildly flailing, highly annoyed noise-emitting little vortex of fuss into a sweet, restful, convenient-to-carry bundle of joy – the kind you'd always anticipated bringing into your lives, and have been somewhat disappointed to see only intermittently among all the diaper changes and random meltdowns. 
 
 But – like basically anything baby related – the practice has a recently renewed sheen of controversy. Via BBC: 
 
 Writing in the journal Archives of Disease in Childhood, Prof [Nicholas] Clarke [of Southhampton University Hospital] argued: "There has been a recent resurgence of swaddling because of its perceived palliative effect on excessive crying, colic and promoting sleep. 
 
 "In order to allow for healthy hip development, legs should be able to bend up and out at the hips. This position allows for natural development of the hip joints. 
 
 "The babies' legs should not be tightly wrapped in extension and pressed together." 
 
 Fear of hip damage runs side-by-side with other concerns about infants overheating (ah, the often grandma-instigated temptation of adding that second ... and third ... and fourth blanket) and a raised risk of crib death. Granted that the concerns largely focus on improperly restrictive swaddling (and/or parents who place swaddled infants to sleep on their faces, who are hopefully a small-to-nonexistent percentage of the population) but it's still scary stuff. 
 
 So: fantastic. Swaddling is the best way to help your infant sleep and make your lives as parents feel manageable, and it's also, of course, dangerous. Throw it on the pile of stresses of being a new parent, along with exclusive-to-the-point-of-exhaustion breast-feeding, controversy over co-sleeping, and the ambitious and almost certainly overstated diaper-free fad that seemed to be sweeping one small, extremely well-documented part of Brooklyn earlier this year. 
 
 The controversy over the safety of swaddling isn't, of course, new – the practice has gone into and out of vogue many times over the years. Early this year, Huffington Post noted a back-and-forth over the practice taking place in day cares, where a pitched battle was and still is being fought about the balance between absolute child safety (fears over hip problems or swaddled babies struggling with loose blankets or ending up on their faces) and child happiness (getting adequate sleep). 
 
 All that written, there is, thankfully, some agreement on methods of swaddling that avoid some or all of the risk: If you're a parent of an infant well-and-truly freaked out by all the back and forth there is a nicely written resource on the website of Britain's National Childbirth Trust that provides an overview of the practice, the risks, and (most helpfully) how to do it right, including a video called "How to Hip-Healthy Swaddle your Baby." ||||| This article discusses swaddling - how to do it as well as the arguments for and against. 
 
 This article covers: 
 
 Swaddling describes the practice of wrapping babies, from the neck downwards, entirely in a cloth or thin blanket, with the aim of pacifying or calming them. 
 
 Why swaddle your baby? 
 
 Although not everyone agrees with swaddling babies, many cultures have used this practice throughout history, as it is thought that the feeling of being ‘contained’ or held within the blanket can help babies to feel settled or less fretful and can also help them to sleep. It is thought to have this effect because it in some way ‘recreates’ the restricted space of the womb and therefore stops the baby making its startle (Moro) reflex; however, it is not known what the long-term effects of swaddling a baby are. 
 
 If the purpose of swaddling your baby is simply to stop them thrashing around, then it may be best to use a muslin (particularly indoors), as it is important that your baby does not overheat. 
 
 How to swaddle a baby 
 
 Place a large cot blanket on the floor, and lay it in a diamond shape, folding the top point over to create a flat edge for your baby’s shoulders to lie among. Bring one top corner across to tuck under her bottom, and bring the bottom point up to tuck into this wrap. You can wrap the other top corner around her and tuck the corner in to secure in the material at her neck (this section has been copied from ‘Babycalming’ by Caroline Deacon, by agreement). The baby's legs should be able to move into a ‘frog position’, rather than being held straight (see Natural Positioning below). 
 
 Arguments against swaddling 
 
 Recently, some experts have reviewed studies on swaddled infants, and it has been suggested that swaddling could have implications for: 
 
 increased risk of cot death, 
 
 reduced breastfeeding at birth and/or 
 
 increased early weight loss 
 
 Additional concerns raised regarding swaddling have included increased incidences of developmental hip dysplasia, acute respiratory infections and overheating; however these may be circumvented by modifying the swaddling style used (see video above) and by avoiding extra bedding. 
 
 Natural positioning 
 
 Heavily swaddling a baby in order to breastfeed may feel easier, but allowing your baby freedom of movement with their hands leads to a more natural latch - babies naturally explore with their hands when breastfeeding. Your baby may also get very warm while breastfeeding, so it's safer not to have constrictive blankets. 
 
 An infant's natural hip position is 'frog' style – with legs drawn up and thighs roughly at right angles to the body. This helps the ball and socket joint develop properly in the hip. There is some evidence that excessive swaddling with legs 'straight down' prevents this joint developing properly (hip dysplasia or DDH). Babies’ legs need to be able to move in a more natural 'frog' position. 
 
 Keeping safe when swaddling 
 
 The Lullaby Trust (formerly FSID) makes the following recommendations: 
 
 Parents should be aware of the potential risks of swaddling their infant, particularly of the use of heavy materials for swaddling. 
 
 Don't cover a baby's head, and only use thin materials for swaddling. 
 
 Infants must NEVER be placed on their stomach when swaddled. 
 
 Other carers, such as grandparents, should also be made aware of your baby’s usual sleeping environment and practices. 
 
 Further information 
 
 NCT's helpline offers practical and emotional support in all areas of pregnancy, birth and early parenthood: 0300 330 0700. 
 
 You might find attending one of NCT's Early Days groups helpful as they give you the opportunity to explore different approaches to important parenting issues with a qualified group leader and other new parents in your area. 
 
 The Lullaby Trust (formerly FSID) has information on swaddling. ||||| ABCNews.com Parents who use the sounds of rain drops and bubbling brooks to soothe their babies to sleep should listen up: a new study suggests infant noise machines can be dangerously loud for developing ears. The study, published today in the journal Pediatrics, found that 14 popular infant noise machines produce sound levels exceeding 50 decibels – the upper limit for infants in hospital nurseries. Sound levels from three of the machines exceeded 85 decibels, which could lead to hearing loss, according to the study. “Exposure to these devices may place infants at risk of developing noise-induced hearing loss or maldevelopment of the auditory system,” the study authors wrote. Infant noise machines help babies sleep by masking other sounds. But the study authors stressed that parents should keep the machines at a low volume and as far from their babies’ ears as possible. Parents should also limit the duration of the noise, according to the study. Noise machines aren't the only baby soother to come under scrutiny. Read on for the facts about other popular pacifiers. 
 
 How to Safely Soothe an Infant Getty Images Swaddling Wrapping your baby up like a burrito can work wonders for sleep by keeping flailing arms tightly tucked. But some experts say full-body swaddling can cause hip problems. “Modern swaddling calls for freedom of the legs and hips,” Dr. Richard Schwend, chair of the American Academy of Pediatrics’ Orthopedics Executive Committee, said on the AAP website. “If you can secure their arms, they have the benefits of swaddling without the risk to the hips.” Kim Kardashian's Baby North Revives Swaddling Debate The blanket should also be loose enough that the baby doesn't have trouble breathing, but not so loose that it unravels, according to the AAP. Parents should be able to slide a hand in between the blanket and the baby’s chest. 
 
 How to Safely Soothe an Infant Jed Share/Getty Images Slings Babies love to snuggle up to mom’s chest, and infant slings are a great way to snuggle on the go. But infant slings can pose a suffocation risk if used improperly. “If the baby sling's fabric presses against a baby's nose and mouth, the baby might not be able to breathe,” Dr. Jay Hoecker of the Mayo Clinic said on the hospital’s website. “A baby sling can also keep a baby in a curled position — bending the chin to the chest. This position can restrict the baby's airways and limit the baby's oxygen supply.” The Dangers of Baby Carrying Slings Parents should make sure their baby’s face is visible at all times when using a sling, Hoecker said.
– Swaddling is by all accounts on the rise among new parents, but a pediatric orthopedic surgeon thinks it's a bad trend, reports the BBC. Wrapping a baby tightly with blankets restricts the infant's hips from moving freely and raises the risk that they won't develop properly, the UK doctor writes in the Archives of Disease in Childhood. "In order to allow for healthy hip development, legs should be able to bend up and out at the hips." In other words, "the babies' legs should not be tightly wrapped in extension and pressed together." Swaddling is thought to work because it mimics the feel of the womb and thus calms the baby. Great, writes James Norton at the Christian Science Monitor, this is yet more conflicting advice for confused parents. Controversy over swaddling isn't new, he adds, and his blog post provides a link to techniques that he says avoid most or all of the risk to infants.