The revelations about Mr. Breivik’s American influences exploded on the blogs over the weekend, putting Mr. Spencer and other self-described “counterjihad” activists on the defensive, as their critics suggested that their portrayal of Islam as a threat to the West indirectly fostered the crimes in Norway. 
 
 Mr. Spencer wrote on his Web site, jihadwatch.org , that “the blame game” had begun, “as if killing a lot of children aids the defense against the global jihad and Islamic supremacism, or has anything remotely to do with anything we have ever advocated.” He did not mention Mr. Breivik’s voluminous quotations from his writings. 
 
 Photo 
 
 The Gates of Vienna, a blog that ordinarily keeps up a drumbeat of anti-Islamist news and commentary, closed its pages to comments Sunday “due to the unusual situation in which it has recently found itself.” 
 
 Its operator, who describes himself as a Virginia consultant and uses the pseudonym “Baron Bodissey,” wrote on the site Sunday that “at no time has any part of the Counterjihad advocated violence.” 
 
 The name of that Web site — a reference to the siege of Vienna in 1683 by Muslim fighters who, the blog says in its headnote, “seemed poised to overrun Christian Europe ” — was echoed in the title Mr. Breivik chose for his manifesto: “2083: A European Declaration of Independence.” He chose that year, the 400th anniversary of the siege, as the target for the triumph of Christian forces in the European civil war he called for to drive out Islamic influence. 
 
 Marc Sageman, a former C.I.A. officer and a consultant on terrorism, said it would be unfair to attribute Mr. Breivik’s violence to the writers who helped shape his world view. But at the same time, he said the counterjihad writers do argue that the fundamentalist Salafi branch of Islam “is the infrastructure from which Al Qaeda emerged. Well, they and their writings are the infrastructure from which Breivik emerged.” 
 
 “This rhetoric,” he added, “is not cost-free.” 
 
 Dr. Sageman, who is also a forensic psychiatrist, said he saw no overt signs of mental illness in Mr. Breivik’s writings. He said Mr. Breivik bears some resemblance to Ted Kaczynski, the Unabomber, who also spent years on a manifesto and carried out his mail bombings in part to gain attention for his theories. One obvious difference, Dr. Sageman said, is that Mr. Kaczynski was a loner who spent years in a rustic Montana cabin, while Mr. Breivik appears to have been quite social. 
 
 Advertisement Continue reading the main story 
 
 Mr. Breivik’s declaration did not name Mr. Kaczynski or acknowledge the numerous passages copied from the Unabomber’s 1995 manifesto, in which the Norwegian substituted “multiculturalists” or “cultural Marxists” for Mr. Kaczynski’s “leftists” and made other small wording changes. 
 
 By contrast, he quoted the American and European counterjihad writers by name, notably Mr. Spencer, author of 10 books, including “Islam Unveiled” and “The Truth About Muhammad.” 
 
 Mr. Breivik frequently cited another blog, Atlas Shrugs, and recommended the Gates of Vienna among Web sites. Pamela Geller, an outspoken critic of Islam who runs Atlas Shrugs, wrote on her blog Sunday that any assertion that she or other antijihad writers bore any responsibility for Mr. Breivik’s actions was “ridiculous.” 
 
 Photo 
 
 “If anyone incited him to violence, it was Islamic supremacists,” she wrote. 
 
 Mr. Breivik also quoted European blogs and writers with similar themes, notably a Norwegian blogger who writes under the name “Fjordman.” Immigration from Muslim countries to Scandinavia and the rest of Europe has set off a deep political debate across the continent and strengthened a number of right-wing anti-immigrant parties. 
 
 In the United States, the shootings resonated with years of debate at home over the proper focus of counterterrorism. 
 
 Newsletter Sign Up Continue reading the main story Please verify you're not a robot by clicking the box. Invalid email address. Please re-enter. You must select a newsletter to subscribe to. Sign Up You will receive emails containing news content , updates and promotions from The New York Times. You may opt-out at any time. You agree to receive occasional updates and special offers for The New York Times's products and services. Thank you for subscribing. An error has occurred. Please try again later. View all New York Times newsletters. 
 
 Despite the Norway killings, Representative Peter T. King , the New York Republican who is chairman of the House Homeland Security Committee, said he had no plans to broaden contentious hearings about the radicalization of Muslim Americans and would hold the third one as planned on Wednesday. He said his committee focused on terrorist threats with foreign ties and suggested that the Judiciary Committee might be more appropriate for looking at non-Muslim threats. 
 
 In 2009, when the Department of Homeland Security produced a report, “Rightwing Extremism,” suggesting that the recession and the election of an African-American president might increase the threat from white supremacists, conservatives in Congress strongly objected. Janet Napolitano , the homeland security secretary, quickly withdrew the report and apologized for what she said were its flaws. 
 
 Daryl Johnson, the Department of Homeland Security analyst who was the primary author of the report, said in an interview that after he left the department in 2010, the number of analysts assigned to non-Islamic militancy of all kinds was reduced to two from six. Mr. Johnson, who now runs a private research firm on the domestic terrorist threat, DTAnalytics, said about 30 analysts worked on Islamic radicalism when he was there. 
 
 The killings in Norway “could easily happen here,” he said. The Hutaree , an extremist Christian militia in Michigan accused last year of plotting to kill police officers and planting bombs at their funerals, had an arsenal of weapons larger than all the Muslim plotters charged in the United States since the Sept. 11 attacks combined, he said. 
 
 Advertisement Continue reading the main story 
 
 Homeland Security officials disputed Mr. Johnson’s claim about staffing, saying they pay close attention to all threats, regardless of ideology. And the F.B.I. infiltrated the Hutaree, making arrests before any attack could take place. 
 
 John D. Cohen, principal deputy counterterrorism coordinator at the Department of Homeland Security, said Ms. Napolitano, who visited Oklahoma City last year for the 15th anniversary of the bombing there, had often spoken of the need to assess the risk of violence without regard to politics or religion. 
 
 “What happened in Norway,” Mr. Cohen said, “is a dramatic reminder that in trying to prevent attacks, we cannot focus on a single ideology.” ||||| Norwegian massacre gunman was a right-wing extremist who hated Muslims 
 
 Suspect named by Norwegian media as Anders Behring Breivik 
 
 Police believe he is not connected to Islamist organisations 
 
 Claims he boasted online about having talks with English Defence League 
 
 
 
 'Loner' lived with mother in a wealthy suburb and is well-educated 
 
 Reports say he attended same school as Norway's crown prince 
 
 
 
 Posted on Twitter: 'One person with a belief is equal to the force of 100,000 who have only interests' 
 
 Farm business gave him easy access to fertiliser - an ingredient used in bomb-making 
 
 Police say he is a 'very demanding suspect' 
 
 
 
 Suspect: Norwegian media reported that Anders Behring Breivik has been arrested 
 
 The man responsible for the massacre in Norway was a member of a Swedish nazi forum which encourages attacks on government buildings. 
 
 It was also revealed by local police that he had extreme right wing views who hated Muslims. 
 
 
 
 According to Swedish website Expo Anders Behring Breivik is a member of 'Nordisk' which has 22,000 members and focuses on political terrorism. 
 
 
 
 Officers also found a series of raving internet posts by the 32-year-old, who has been charged with two counts of terrorism after gunning down children on the island of Utoya and detonating a bomb in Oslo yesterday. 
 
 
 
 Media reports in Norway described Breivik as a 'loner', who lived with his mother in a wealthy suburb of west Oslo, was well-educated and enjoyed hunting. 
 
 Only a few days ago he set up a Twitter account and posted a single message: 'One person with a belief is equal to the force of 100,000 who have only interests'. 
 
 It is attributed to the English philosopher John Stuart Mill, whose concept of liberty justified the freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state control. 
 
 
 
 The account appears to have only been set up a few days ago. 
 
 
 
 On his Facebook profile, Breivik describes himself as a Christian and a conservative. 
 
 
 
 It also listed interests such as body-building and freemasonry. 
 
 
 
 Breivik is believed to have grown up in Oslo, and studied at the Oslo School of Management. 
 
 He later appears to have moved out of the city and established Breivik Geofarm, a company believed to be an organic farm. 
 
 Arrested: Anders Behring Breivik callously opened fire on groups of teenagers on the island of Utoya 
 
 Suspect: Further photographs of Anders Behring Breivik, such as this one where he is carrying a weapon, have emerged 
 
 It specialised in melons and root vegetables. There is speculation among the media in Norway that this may have allowed him easy access to fertiliser, an ingredient used in bomb-making . 
 
 Along with the farm, he also appears to own a flat in Oslo. Breivik had no military background except for ordinary national service and no criminal record. 
 
 It is thought that the 32-year-old is a former member of Labour's opposition youth party, Fremskrittspartiet. 
 
 Police at the home of Breivik, a farm at Ostre Asta near Oslo, where he allegedly planned the entire massacre 
 
 He is reported to have attended the same Smestad primary school as Norway's crown prince. 
 
 He is later said to have attended schools in Oslo's Gaustad and the Handelsgymnasium. 
 
 Classmate Michael Tomola, who knew Breivik from the age of 13 to 16, said: 'He was rather introverted at school, even though he was a good student. I'm very surprised by this. I had a good impression, although he became very engaged in subjects he cared for. He got very extreme about things he cared for.' 
 
 According the website Atlantic.com, Breivik expressed extremist Islamophobic views on forums and criticised immigration policies. 
 
 He argued on a Swedish news website that the media were not critical enough about Islam and claimed that Geert Wilders' Party for Freedom in the Netherlands was the only 'true' party of conservatives. 
 
 Web: Breivik's sole tweet, posted last week, is attributed to the English philosopher John Stuart Mill - whose concept of liberty justified the freedom of the individual in opposition to unlimited state control 
 
 He said that socialism was breaking down traditions, culture, national identity and other societal structures and that this in turn made society weak and confused. 
 
 He claimed to admire the Norwegian Second World War hero Max Manus, a highly decorated sailor who was an expert in sinking Nazi ships. 
 
 It has also been reported he boasted about conversations with unnamed members of the far-right English Defence League and the organisation Stop the Islamification of Europe. 
 
 He is said to have spoken to them about the success of provocative street actions leading to violence. 
 
 It is claimed he wrote on a blog two years ago: 'I have on some occasions had discussions with SIOE and EDL and recommended them to use certain strategies. 
 
 'The tactics of the EDL are now to 'lure' an overreaction from the Jihad Youth/Extreme-Marxists, something they have succeeded in doing several times already.' 
 
 
 
 Breivik's Facebook profile listed his favourite books as The Trial by Franz Kafka and Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell. 
 
 His favourite TV show was named as Dexter - a series about a Miami police forensics expert who moonlights as a serial killer of criminals whom he believes have escaped justice. 
 
 
 
 Police officer Roger Andresen said today: 'He is clear on the point that he wants to explain himself.' 
 
 Andersen said the suspect posted on websites with Christian fundamentalist tendencies. He did not describe the websites in any more details. 
 
 Crime scene: The 32-year-old Norwegian is said to have used this white van to drive onto the island of Utoya 
 
 National police chief Sveinung Sponheim said he was talking to them and has admitted to firing weapons on the island. 
 
 
 
 It was not clear if he had confessed to anything else he is accused of. Police said he retained a lawyer, who did not want to be named 
 
 
 
 'He has had a dialogue with the police the whole time, but he's a very demanding suspect,' Sponheim said. 
 
 He also told public broadcaster NRK that the suspected gunman's Internet postings 'suggest that he has some political traits directed toward the right, and anti-Muslim views, but if that was a motivation for the actual act remains to be seen'. 
 
 Six foot tall and blond Breivik is reported to have arrived on the island of Utoya dressed as a policeman and opened fire after beckoning several young people over in his native Norwegian tongue. 
 
 Reports suggest he was also seen loitering around the site of the bomb blast in Oslo two hours before the island incident. 
 
 Suspect: The 32-year-old Norwegian Anders Behring Breivik, who has been arrested after the attacks 
 
 Police said later that the suspect had right-wing and anti-Muslim views, but the motive for the attacks was unclear. 
 
 The Norwegian daily Verdens Gang quoted a friend as saying he became a rightwing extremist in his late 20s. It said he expressed strong nationalistic views in online debates and had been a strong opponent of the idea that people of different cultural backgrounds can live alongside each other. 
 
 An official said the gunman used both automatic weapons and handguns, and that there was at least one unexploded device at the youth camp that a police bomb disposal team and military experts were working on disarming. 
 
 Some 92 are believed to have been killed - seven in Oslo and 84 on Utoya Island, 50 miles north of the capital. 
 
 Initially it was not known what were the motives of the gunman and architect of the car bomb - whether they or the single person had been radicalised and was part of a militant Muslim group waging Jihad or was trying to further a home-grown political cause. 
 
 But it now appears Breivik was behind both attacks, a fact that it took police hours to realise as the mayhem ensued. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 The incidents come as social tensions with Norway heighten in recent months over the country’s perceived stance on Islamic issues. 
 
 Fatal: Seven people were killed in the Oslo bomb blast (pictured) 
 
 Though a long-standing Nato member, Norway has not attracted many enemies because it has tended to stay out of international conflicts. 
 
 However, it has recently increased its military presence in Muslim countries such as Afghanistan or Libya, a move bound to anger fanatics. 
 
 There was anger among some of the 150,000 Muslims living in Norway when a newspaper reproduced the controversial Danish cartoons of the Prophet Mohammad in January last year. 
 
 Last night ‘Helpers of the Global Jihad’ posted a message on the internet claiming the bombing was ‘only the beginning’ of the retaliation over the cartoons. 
 
 But this has been dismissed by some commentators as a publicity stunt. 
 
 
 
 Other Scandinavian countries have faced radical Islamic attacks in the past. 
 
 Violence erupted in Denmark after a newspaper published a cartoon of the Prophet wearing a turban in the shape of a bomb in 2005. 
 
 And last December an Islamic suicide bomber, who was radicalised in Britain, set off a bomb in Stockholm. 
 
 Police would not speculate on who was responsible for the attack or whether international groups were involved. 
 
 But the country is also in the midst of grappling with a homegrown terror plot linked to al-Qaeda. 
 
 
 
 Two suspects are in jail awaiting charges. 
 
 
 
 Last week, a Norwegian prosecutor filed terror charges against an Iraqi-born cleric for threatening Norwegian politicians with death if he is deported from the Scandinavian country. 
 
 
 
 The indictment centred on statements that Mullah Krekar - the founder of the Kurdish Islamist group Ansar al-Islam - made to various news media, including American network NBC. 
 
 
 
 Jihadist groups have also made recent threats to Norway over plans to expel Mullah Krekar, the founder of the Kurdish Islamist group Ansar al-Islam. 
 
 Norway's support of NATO's mission in Libya also earned it enemies, Bob Ayers, a former U.S. intelligence officer, told AP. 
 
 'Norwegians are in Afghanistan. They're in Tripoli. They reprinted the cartoons,' he said. 
 
 
 
 Many intelligence analysts said they had never heard of Helpers of Global Jihad, which took initial credit. Ansar al-Islam also took credit on some jihadist web sites. 
 
 
 
 And Ayers said it appeared more than one person was involved. 
 
 Wrecked: The blast in Oslo was outside a government office 
 
 Asked at a press conference in Tripoli about Libya's reaction to the events in Oslo, government spokesman Moussa Ibrahim said, 'We never support any acts of terrorism whatsoever.' 
 
 
 
 But he suggested NATO's policies could have prompted the attack, saying, 'NATO is planting terrorism in the hearts of many. This is unfortunate and sad.' 
 
 
 
 Authorities in Norway and other Scandinavian countries have focused on anti-terrorism tactics that frustrate countries like the U.S. that are more aggressive about making arrests. 
 
 
 
 Scandinavian authorities fight terrorism by disrupting plots, sometimes telling suspects they know what they're up to, and warning them of the consequences. 
 
 
 
 Terror convictions are also difficult to get because of scepticism in Scandinavian courts toward cases built on intent - as most terrorism trials are - and a demand for more evidence than in the U.S. and many other places. 
 
 
 
 Europe has been the target of numerous terror plots by Islamist militants. 
 
 
 
 The deadliest was the 2004 Madrid train bombings, when shrapnel-filled bombs exploded, killing 191 people and wounding about 1,800. 
 
 
 
 A year later, suicide bombers killed 52 rush-hour commuters in London aboard three subway trains and a bus. 
 
 
 
 And in 2006, U.S. and British intelligence officials thwarted one of the largest plots yet - a plan to explode nearly a dozen trans-Atlantic airliners. 
 
 
 
 In October, the U.S. State Department advised American citizens living or travelling in Europe to take more precautions following reports that terrorists may be plotting attacks on a European city. 
 
 
 
 Some countries went on heightened alert after the May 2 killing of Osama bin Laden. 
 
 
 
 Intelligence analysts said they doubted the attack was linked to bin Laden's death.
– An American right-wing extremist is cited some 64 times in the crazed manifesto written by Norwegian mass killer Anders Behring Breivik in a bid to justify his terror attack. Robert Spencer, co-founder of the Jihad Watch and Stop Islamization of America (recently hacked) blogs denied any responsibility for the attack, calling his writings a "defense of human rights." If "somebody gets from that that they should kill, well then he's nuts," he told NBC News. But some observers believe heated hate speech can trigger such actions. “When you push the demonization of populations, you often end up with violence,” warned the research director for the Southern Poverty Law Center. The manifesto also frequently cites the blog Atlas Shrugs by Muslim-basher Pamela Gellar, who insisted that if anyone incited Breivik to violence "it was Islamic supremacists." One expert called the Norwegian tragedy a "wake up call" for US security. A 2009 Department of Homeland Security report warned of a growing threat from home-grown right-wing extremists and hate groups. “We could have a similar attack here, and that’s my greatest fear,” said former federal terror analyst Daryl Johnson. It wouldn't be fair to blame the American bloggers who influenced Breivik, a former CIA analyst tells the New York Times. Still, he adds: "This rhetoric is not cost-free."