In the era of data-driven journalism, data analytics can deliver tools to support journalists in connecting to new and developing news stories, e.g., as echoed in micro-blogs such as Twitter, the new citizen-driven media. In this paper, we propose a framework for tracking and automatically connecting news articles to Twitter conversations as captured by Twitter hashtags. For example, such a system could alert journalists about news that get a lot of Twitter reaction, so that they can investigate those conversations for new developments in the story, promote their article to a set of interested consumers, or discover general sentiment towards the story. Mapping articles to appropriate hashtags is nevertheless very challenging, due to different language styles used in articles versus tweets, the streaming aspect of news and tweets, as well as the user behavior when marking certain tweet-terms as hashtags. As a case-study, we continuously track the RSS feeds of Irish Times news articles and a focused Twitter stream over a two months period, and present a system that assigns hashtags to each article, based on its Twitter echo. We propose a machine learning approach for classifying and ranking article-hashtag pairs. Our empirical study shows that our system delivers high precision for this task.
Recent years have seen an explosion of research work analyzing social media (e.g., most prominently the micro-blog Twitter) and the connection between traditional media and this new form of reporting. Twitter studies focus on topics such as detecting political leaning from tweets @cite_19 @cite_5 , sentiment and opinion mining @cite_28 @cite_18 @cite_3 , summarising sporting, economic and other events using Twitter @cite_21 @cite_6 @cite_33 ; analysing news spread through the network @cite_34 @cite_15 ; content curation @cite_22 @cite_1 ; user influence and authority @cite_16 @cite_12 ; detecting breaking news stories from the massive tweet stream, potentially ahead of traditional media reporting @cite_9 @cite_8 . Among the diverse investigations of Twitter data, two categories are most relevant to this paper, namely, research that has focussed on hashtag recommendation or retrieval and studies considering the mapping between news articles and microblogs.
@cite_18 @cite_33 @cite_22 @cite_8 @cite_28 @cite_9 @cite_21 @cite_1 @cite_3 @cite_6 @cite_16 @cite_19 @cite_5 @cite_15 @cite_34 @cite_12
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In the era of data-driven journalism, data analytics can deliver tools to support journalists in connecting to new and developing news stories, e.g., as echoed in micro-blogs such as Twitter, the new citizen-driven media. In this paper, we propose a framework for tracking and automatically connecting news articles to Twitter conversations as captured by Twitter hashtags. For example, such a system could alert journalists about news that get a lot of Twitter reaction, so that they can investigate those conversations for new developments in the story, promote their article to a set of interested consumers, or discover general sentiment towards the story. Mapping articles to appropriate hashtags is nevertheless very challenging, due to different language styles used in articles versus tweets, the streaming aspect of news and tweets, as well as the user behavior when marking certain tweet-terms as hashtags. As a case-study, we continuously track the RSS feeds of Irish Times news articles and a focused Twitter stream over a two months period, and present a system that assigns hashtags to each article, based on its Twitter echo. We propose a machine learning approach for classifying and ranking article-hashtag pairs. Our empirical study shows that our system delivers high precision for this task. Twitter has become a significant means by which people communicate with the world and describe their current activities, opinions and status in short text snippets. Tweets can be analyzed automatically in order to derive much potential information such as, interesting topics, social influence, user’s communities, etc. Community extraction within social networks has been a focus of recent work in several areas. Different from the most community discovery methods focused on the relations between users, we aim to derive user’s communities based on common topics from user’s tweets. For instance, if two users always talk about politic in their tweets, thus they can be grouped in the same community which is related to politic topic. To achieve this goal, we propose a new approach called CETD: Community Extraction based on Topic-Driven-Model. This approach combines our proposed model used to detect topics of the user’s tweets based on a semantic taxonomy together with a community extraction method based on the hierarchical clustering technique. Our experimentation on the proposed approach shows the relevant of the users communities extracted based on their common topics and domains. This paper examines microblogging information diffusion activity during the 2011 Egyptian political uprisings. Specifically, we examine the use of the retweet mechanism on Twitter, using empirical evidence of information propagation to reveal aspects of work that the crowd conducts. Analysis of the widespread contagion of a popular meme reveals interaction between those who were "on the ground" in Cairo and those who were not. However, differences between information that appeals to the larger crowd and those who were doing on-the-ground work reveal important interplay between the two realms. Through both qualitative and statistical description, we show how the crowd expresses solidarity and does the work of information processing through recommendation and filtering. We discuss how these aspects of work mutually sustain crowd interaction in a politically sensitive context. In addition, we show how features of this retweet-recommendation behavior could be used in combination with other indicators to identify information that is new and likely coming from the ground. The first objective towards the effective use of microblogging services such as Twitter for situational awareness during the emerging disasters is discovery of the disaster-related postings. Given the wide range of possible disasters, using a pre-selected set of disaster-related keywords for the discovery is suboptimal. An alternative that we focus on in this work is to train a classifier using a small set of labeled postings that are becoming available as a disaster is emerging. Our hypothesis is that utilizing large quantities of historical microblogs could improve the quality of classification, as compared to training a classifier only on the labeled data. We propose to use unlabeled microblogs to cluster words into a limited number of clusters and use the word clusters as features for classification. To evaluate the proposed semi-supervised approach, we used Twitter data from 6 different disasters. Our results indicate that when the number of labeled tweets is 100 or less, the proposed approach is superior to the standard classification based on the bag or words feature representation. Our results also reveal that the choice of the unlabeled corpus, the choice of word clustering algorithm, and the choice of hyperparameters can have a significant impact on the classification accuracy. Twitter enables large populations of end-users of software to publicly share their experiences and concerns about software systems in the form of micro-blogs. Such data can be collected and classified to help software developers infer users' needs, detect bugs in their code, and plan for future releases of their systems. However, automatically capturing, classifying, and presenting useful tweets is not a trivial task. Challenges stem from the scale of the data available, its unique format, diverse nature, and high percentage of irrelevant information and spam. Motivated by these challenges, this paper reports on a three-fold study that is aimed at leveraging Twitter as a main source of software user requirements. The main objective is to enable a responsive, interactive, and adaptive data-driven requirements engineering process. Our analysis is conducted using 4,000 tweets collected from the Twitter feeds of 10 software systems sampled from a broad range of application domains. The results reveal that around 50 of collected tweets contain useful technical information. The results also show that text classifiers such as Support Vector Machines and Naive Bayes can be very effective in capturing and categorizing technically informative tweets. Additionally, the paper describes and evaluates multiple summarization strategies for generating meaningful summaries of informative software-relevant tweets. Background Surveys are popular methods to measure public perceptions in emergencies but can be costly and time consuming. We suggest and evaluate a complementary “infoveillance” approach using Twitter during the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Our study aimed to: 1) monitor the use of the terms “H1N1” versus “swine flu” over time; 2) conduct a content analysis of “tweets”; and 3) validate Twitter as a real-time content, sentiment, and public attention trend-tracking tool. Methodology Principal Findings Between May 1 and December 31, 2009, we archived over 2 million Twitter posts containing keywords “swine flu,” “swineflu,” and or “H1N1.” using Infovigil, an infoveillance system. Tweets using “H1N1” increased from 8.8 to 40.5 (R2 = .788; p<.001), indicating a gradual adoption of World Health Organization-recommended terminology. 5,395 tweets were randomly selected from 9 days, 4 weeks apart and coded using a tri-axial coding scheme. To track tweet content and to test the feasibility of automated coding, we created database queries for keywords and correlated these results with manual coding. Content analysis indicated resource-related posts were most commonly shared (52.6 ). 4.5 of cases were identified as misinformation. News websites were the most popular sources (23.2 ), while government and health agencies were linked only 1.5 of the time. 7 10 automated queries correlated with manual coding. Several Twitter activity peaks coincided with major news stories. Our results correlated well with H1N1 incidence data. Conclusions This study illustrates the potential of using social media to conduct “infodemiology” studies for public health. 2009 H1N1-related tweets were primarily used to disseminate information from credible sources, but were also a source of opinions and experiences. Tweets can be used for real-time content analysis and knowledge translation research, allowing health authorities to respond to public concerns. Microblogs are a tremendous repository of user-generated content about world events. However, for people trying to understand events by querying services like Twitter, a chronological log of posts makes it very difficult to get a detailed understanding of an event. In this paper, we present TwitInfo, a system for visualizing and summarizing events on Twitter. TwitInfo allows users to browse a large collection of tweets using a timeline-based display that highlights peaks of high tweet activity. A novel streaming algorithm automatically discovers these peaks and labels them meaningfully using text from the tweets. Users can drill down to subevents, and explore further via geolocation, sentiment, and popular URLs. We contribute a recall-normalized aggregate sentiment visualization to produce more honest sentiment overviews. An evaluation of the system revealed that users were able to reconstruct meaningful summaries of events in a small amount of time. An interview with a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist suggested that the system would be especially useful for understanding a long-running event and for identifying eyewitnesses. Quantitatively, our system can identify 80-100 of manually labeled peaks, facilitating a relatively complete view of each event studied. With the advancement of web technology and its growth, there is a huge volume of data present in the web for internet users and a lot of data is generated too. Internet has become a platform for online learning, exchanging ideas and sharing opinions. Social networking sites like Twitter, Facebook, Google+ are rapidly gaining popularity as they allow people to share and express their views about topics,have discussion with different communities, or post messages across the world. There has been lot of work in the field of sentiment analysis of twitter data. This survey focuses mainly on sentiment analysis of twitter data which is helpful to analyze the information in the tweets where opinions are highly unstructured, heterogeneous and are either positive or negative, or neutral in some cases. In this paper, we provide a survey and a comparative analyses of existing techniques for opinion mining like machine learning and lexicon-based approaches, together with evaluation metrics. Using various machine learning algorithms like Naive Bayes, Max Entropy, and Support Vector Machine, we provide a research on twitter data streams.General challenges and applications of Sentiment Analysis on Twitter are also discussed in this paper. In recent years, there has been a growing trend to use publicly available social media sources within the field of journalism. Breaking news has tight reporting deadlines, measured in minutes not days, but content must still be checked and rumors verified. As such, journalists are looking at automated content analysis to prefilter large volumes of social media content prior to manual verification. This article describes a real-time social media analytics framework for journalists. We extend our previously published geoparsing approach to improve its scalability and efficiency. We develop and evaluate a novel approach to geosemantic feature extraction, classifying evidence in terms of situatedness, timeliness, confirmation, and validity. Our approach works for new unseen news topics. We report results from four experiments using five Twitter datasets crawled during different English-language news events. One of our datasets is the standard TREC 2012 microblog corpus. Our classification results are promising, with F1 scores varying by class from 0.64 to 0.92 for unseen event types. We lastly report results from two case studies during real-world news stories, showcasing different ways our system can assist journalists filter and cross-check content as they examine the trust and veracity of content and sources. Social media content can be used as a complementary source to the traditional methods for extracting and studying collective social attributes. This study focuses on the prediction of the occupational class for a public user profile. Our analysis is conducted on a new annotated corpus of Twitter users, their respective job titles, posted textual content and platform-related attributes. We frame our task as classification using latent feature representations such as word clusters and embeddings. The employed linear and, especially, non-linear methods can predict a user’s occupational class with strong accuracy for the coarsest level of a standard occupation taxonomy which includes nine classes. Combined with a qualitative assessment, the derived results confirm the feasibility of our approach in inferring a new user attribute that can be embedded in a multitude of downstream applications. Human-generated textual data streams from services such as Twitter increasingly become geo-referenced. The spatial resolution of their coverage improves quickly, making them a promising instrument for sensing various aspects of evolution and dynamics of social systems. This work explores spacetime structures of the topical content of short textual messages in a stream available from Twitter in Ireland. It uses a streaming Latent Dirichlet Allocation topic model trained with an incremental variational Bayes method. The posterior probabilities of the discovered topics are post-processed with a spatial kernel density and subjected to comparative analysis. The identified prevailing topics are often found to be spatially contiguous. We apply Markov-modulated non-homogeneous Poisson processes to quantify a proportion of novelty in the observed abnormal patterns. A combined use of these techniques allows for real-time analysis of the temporal evolution and spatial variability of population's response to various stimuli such as large scale sportive, political or cultural events. We study several longstanding questions in media communications research, in the context of the microblogging service Twitter, regarding the production, flow, and consumption of information. To do so, we exploit a recently introduced feature of Twitter known as "lists" to distinguish between elite users - by which we mean celebrities, bloggers, and representatives of media outlets and other formal organizations - and ordinary users. Based on this classification, we find a striking concentration of attention on Twitter, in that roughly 50 of URLs consumed are generated by just 20K elite users, where the media produces the most information, but celebrities are the most followed. We also find significant homophily within categories: celebrities listen to celebrities, while bloggers listen to bloggers etc; however, bloggers in general rebroadcast more information than the other categories. Next we re-examine the classical "two-step flow" theory of communications, finding considerable support for it on Twitter. Third, we find that URLs broadcast by different categories of users or containing different types of content exhibit systematically different lifespans. And finally, we examine the attention paid by the different user categories to different news topics. Microblogging environments such as Twitter present a modality for interacting with information characterized by exposure to information “streams”. In this work, we examine what information in that stream is attended to, and how that attention corresponds to other aspects of microblog consumption and participation. To do this, we measured eye gaze, memory for content, interest ratings, and intended behavior of active Twitter users as they read their tweet steams. Our analyses focus on three sets of alignments: first, whether attention corresponds to other measures of user cognition such as memory (e.g., do people even remember what they attend to?); second, whether attention corresponds to behavior (e.g., are users likely to retweet content that is given the most attention); and third, whether attention corresponds to other attributes of the content and its presentation (e.g., do links attract attention?). We show a positive but imperfect alignment between user attention and other measures of user cognition like memory and interest, and between attention and behaviors like retweeting. To the third alignment, we show that the relationship between attention and attributes of tweets, such as whether it contains a link or is from a friend versus an organization, are complicated and in some cases counterintuitive. We discuss findings in relation to large scale phenomena like information diffusion and also suggest design directions to help maximize user attention in microblog environments. Social media is changing existing information behavior by giving users access to real-time online information channels without the constraints of time and space. Social media, therefore, has created an enormous data analysis challenge for scientists trying to keep pace with developments in their field. Most previous studies have adopted broad-brush approaches that typically result in limited analysis possibilities. To address this problem, we applied text-mining techniques to Twitter data related to the 2012 Korean presidential election. We use three primary techniques: topic modeling to track changes in topical trends, mention-direction-based user network analysis, and term co-occurrence retrieval for further content analysis. Our study reveals that Twitter could be a useful way to detect and trace the advent of and changes in social issues, while analyzing mention-based user networks could show different aspects of user behaviors. While the newspaper industry is in crisis and less time and resources are available for newsgathering, social media turn out to be a convenient and cheap beat for (political) journalism. This article investigates the use of Twitter as a source for newspaper coverage of the 2010 British and Dutch elections. Almost a quarter of the British and nearly half of the Dutch candidates shared their thoughts, visions, and experiences on Twitter. Subsequently, these tweets were increasingly quoted in newspaper coverage. We present a typology of the functions tweets have in news reports: they were either considered newsworthy as such, were a reason for further reporting, or were used to illustrate a broader news story. Consequently, we will show why politicians were successful in producing quotable tweets. While this paper, which is part of a broader project on how journalists (and politicians) use Twitter, focuses upon the coverage of election campaigns, our results indicate a broader trend in journalism. In the future, the reporter who attends events, gathers information face-to-face, and asks critical questions might instead aggregate information online and reproduce it in journalism discourse thereby altering the balance of power between journalists and sources. Social media services such as Twitter generate phenomenal volume of content for most real-world events on a daily basis. Digging through the noise and redundancy to understand the important aspects of the content is a very challenging task. We propose a search and summarization framework to extract relevant representative tweets from a time-ordered sample of tweets to generate a coherent and concise summary of an event. We introduce two topic models that take advantage of temporal correlation in the data to extract relevant tweets for summarization. The summarization framework has been evaluated using Twitter data on four real-world events. Evaluations are performed using Wikipedia articles on the events as well as using Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) with human readers (MTurkers). Both experiments show that the proposed models outperform traditional LDA and lead to informative summaries. The widespread use of online social networks (OSNs) to disseminate information and exchange opinions, by the general public, news media, and political actors alike, has enabled new avenues of research in computational political science. In this paper, we study the problem of quantifying and inferring the political leaning of Twitter users. We formulate political leaning inference as a convex optimization problem that incorporates two ideas: (a) users are consistent in their actions of tweeting and retweeting about political issues, and (b) similar users tend to be retweeted by similar audience. We then apply our inference technique to 119 million election-related tweets collected in seven months during the 2012 U.S. presidential election campaign. On a set of frequently retweeted sources, our technique achieves 94 percent accuracy and high rank correlation as compared with manually created labels. By studying the political leaning of 1,000 frequently retweeted sources, 232,000 ordinary users who retweeted them, and the hashtags used by these sources, our quantitative study sheds light on the political demographics of the Twitter population, and the temporal dynamics of political polarization as events unfold. During mass convergence events such as natural disasters, microblogging platforms like Twitter are widely used by affected people to post situational awareness messages. These crisis-related messages disperse among multiple categories like infrastructure damage, information about missing, injured, and dead people etc. The challenge here is to extract important situational updates from these messages, assign them appropriate informational categories, and finally summarize big trove of information in each category. In this paper, we propose a novel framework which first assigns tweets into different situational classes and then summarize those tweets. In the summarization phase, we propose a two stage summarization framework which first extracts a set of important tweets from the whole set of information through an Integer-linear programming (ILP) based optimization technique and then follows a word graph and content word based abstractive summarization technique to produce the final summary. Our method is time and memory efficient and outperforms the baseline in terms of quality, coverage of events, , effectiveness, and utility in disaster scenarios. Abstract Twitter is a microblog service that generates a huge amount of textual content daily. All this content needs to be explored by means of text mining, natural language processing, information retrieval, and other techniques. In this context, automatic keyword extraction is a task of great usefulness. A fundamental step in text mining techniques consists of building a model for text representation. The model known as vector space model, VSM, is the most well-known and used among these techniques. However, some difficulties and limitations of VSM, such as scalability and sparsity, motivate the proposal of alternative approaches. This paper proposes a keyword extraction method for tweet collections that represents texts as graphs and applies centrality measures for finding the relevant vertices (keywords). To assess the performance of the proposed approach, three different sets of experiments are performed. The first experiment applies TKG to a text from the Time magazine and compares its performance with that of the literature. The second set of experiments takes tweets from three different TV shows, applies TKG and compares it with TFIDF and KEA, having human classifications as benchmarks. Finally, these three algorithms are applied to tweets sets of increasing size and their computational running time is measured and compared. Altogether, these experiments provide a general overview of how TKG can be used in practice, its performance when compared with other standard approaches, and how it scales to larger data instances. The results show that TKG is a novel and robust proposal to extract keywords from texts, particularly from short messages, such as tweets. The rapid growth of social networks has produced an unprecedented amount of user-generated data, which provides an excellent opportunity for text mining. Authorship analysis, an important part of text mining, attempts to learn about the author of the text through subtle variations in the writing styles that occur between gender, age and social groups. Such information has a variety of applications including advertising and law enforcement. One of the most accessible sources of user-generated data is Twitter, which makes the majority of its user data freely available through its data access API. In this study we seek to identify the gender of users on Twitter using Perceptron and Nai ve Bayes with selected 1 through 5-gram features from tweet text. Stream applications of these algorithms were employed for gender prediction to handle the speed and volume of tweet traffic. Because informal text, such as tweets, cannot be easily evaluated using traditional dictionary methods, n-gram features were implemented in this study to represent streaming tweets. The large number of 1 through 5-grams requires that only a subset of them be used in gender classification, for this reason informative n-gram features were chosen using multiple selection algorithms. In the best case the Naive Bayes and Perceptron algorithms produced accuracy, balanced accuracy, and F-measure above 99 .