Persistent Identifiers (PID) are the foundation referencing digital assets in scientific publications, books, and digital repositories. In its realization, PIDs contain metadata and resolving targets in form of URLs that point to data sets located on the network. In contrast to PIDs, the target URLs are typically changing over time; thus, PIDs need continuous maintenance - an effort that is increasing tremendously with the advancement of e-Science and the advent of the Internet-of-Things (IoT). Nowadays, billions of sensors and data sets are subject of PID assignment. This paper presents a new approach of embedding location independent targets into PIDs that allows the creation of maintenance-free PIDs using content-centric network technology and overlay networks. For proving the validity of the presented approach, the Handle PID System is used in conjunction with Magnet Link access information encoding, state-of-the-art decentralized data distribution with BitTorrent, and Named Data Networking (NDN) as location-independent data access technology for networks. Contrasting existing approaches, no green-field implementation of PID or major modifications of the Handle System is required to enable location-independent data dissemination with maintenance-free PIDs.
The concept of bridging different content-centric network systems through a centralized URN system has been initially drafted by Sollins in 2012 @cite_17 . Her concept utilizes foundations of PID principles for creating an identification system for different ICN families and their related data objects that meets the requirements of scalability, longevity, evolvability, and security. Sollins's identification system abstracts different object naming schemes from ICN families such as DONA @cite_31 , NETINF @cite_34 and PURSUIT @cite_12 . Although, PID principles are used for location-independent data access, the publication by Sollins does not suggest access through an existing well-introduced PID system that is provided in our work, but rather uses a greed-field approach for location-independent data access.
@cite_31 @cite_34 @cite_12 @cite_17
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Identification is central to information or content centric networking, in order to enable referencing and access to the information objects. In this work we focus on identifiers and the identification system as a target of a design process, because without careful attention to the identifiers themselves and the approaches to selecting, assigning and using them, they may not meet their design goals. The paper begins with an examination of key issues central to the design of an identification system. With those in mind, we discuss the objectives of pervasiveness and persistence as requirements for identification in an information centric networking (ICN) approach. These lead to a set of design four goals: longevity, scalability, evolvability and security. We apply two key design principles, layering and modularity, to derive our design for the Pervasive Persistent Identification System or PPInS for information centric networking. The contributions of this work include (1) the design issues for identification systems, (2) analysis of goals and key design criteria for identification in an ICN approach, and (3) a principled design of PPInS. Persistent identification is necessary for recognition, dissemination and (external) cross-references to digital objects. Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) provide an established scheme for this task, but do not guarantee stable and persistent identification. In the context of (personal) archives, stability is needed when references are be stored on a medium where later changes to identifiers cannot be corrected at all or only with a very large overhead, such as WORM media or tape archives. Additionally, resources like contacts or appointments do not have a URI, while other URIs, such as file system paths or the IMAP URI, are unstable by design and cannot represent the dynamic aspects of Personal Information Management (PIM). This paper discusses problems of archiving that arise with entity identification in PIM, especially on the example of the personal file system. The Information-centric Network (ICN) paradigm is an important initiative toward an Internet architecture more suitable for content distribution. The change it imposes by naming, routing, and forwarding content directly on the network layer empowers the architecture with several interesting characteristics, such as in-network caching. As contents are meaningful for different users, they can be opportunistically cached and easily accessed by them, which improves content delivery and user experience. However, the fact that users can retrieve content through caches without interacting with the content provider raises security concerns regarding unauthorized access and the enforcement of access control policies. In this context, we propose an access control solution for ICN by adapting and optimizing a proxy re-encryption scheme, reducing up to 33 the processing time. The proposed solution is perfectly aligned with ICN demands, simultaneously ensuring content protection against unauthorized access of contents retrieved from unrestricted in-network caches as well as access control policies enforcement for legitimate users. The evolution of the Internet into a distributed Information access system calls for a paradigm shift to enable an evolvable future network architecture. Information-Centric Networking (ICN) proposals rethink the communication model around named data, in contrast with the host-centric transport view of TCP IP. Information retrieval is natively pull-based, driven by user requests, point-to-multipoint and intrinsically coupled with in-network caching. In this paper, we tackle the problem of joint multipath congestion control and request forwarding in ICN for the first time. We formulate it as a global optimization problem with the twofold objective of maximizing user throughput and minimizing overall network cost. We solve it via decomposition and derive a family of optimal congestion control strategies at the receiver and of distributed algorithms for dynamic request forwarding at network nodes. An experimental evaluation of our proposal is carried out in different network scenarios to assess the performance of our design and to highlight the benefits of an ICN approach.