One of the key problems in migrating multi-component enterprise applications to Clouds is selecting the best mix of VM images and Cloud infrastructure services. A migration process has to ensure that Quality of Service (QoS) requirements are met, while satisfying conflicting selection criteria, e.g. throughput and cost. When selecting Cloud services, application engineers must consider heterogeneous sets of criteria and complex dependencies across multiple layers impossible to resolve manually. To overcome this challenge, we present the generic recommender framework CloudGenius and an implementation that leverage well known multi-criteria decision making technique Analytic Hierarchy Process to automate the selection process based on a model, factors, and QoS requirements related to enterprise applications. In particular, we introduce a structured migration process for multi-component enterprise applications, clearly identify the most important criteria relevant to the selection problem and present a multi-criteria-based selection algorithm. Experiments with the software prototype CumulusGenius show time complexities.
Multiple approaches have been introduced by the Web service community that define multi-component Web services @cite_24 @cite_0 but do not address the characteristics of the Cloud. Existing work in the Cloud context provides provider or service evaluation methods but lacks multi-component support @cite_20 . Multiple approaches for multi-component setups in the Cloud have applied optimization @cite_9 @cite_14 @cite_6 @cite_18 and performance measurement techniques @cite_1 for selecting hardware resources (provider side) or Cloud infrastructure services (client side) according to quantitative criteria (throughput, availability, cost, reputation, etc.). While doing so, they have largely ignored the need for VM images, a migration process with transparent decision support and adaptability to custom criteria, and, hence, lack flexibility.
@cite_18 @cite_14 @cite_9 @cite_1 @cite_6 @cite_24 @cite_0 @cite_20
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Abstract Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud providers typically offer multiple service classes to satisfy users with different requirements and budgets. Cloud providers are faced with the challenge of estimating the minimum resource capacity required to meet Service Level Objectives (SLOs) defined for all service classes. This paper proposes a capacity planning method that is combined with an admission control mechanism to address this challenge. The capacity planning method uses analytical models to estimate the output of a quota-based admission control mechanism and find the minimum capacity required to meet availability SLOs and admission rate targets for all classes. An evaluation using trace-driven simulations shows that our method estimates the best cloud capacity with a mean relative error of 2.5 with respect to the simulation, compared to a 36 relative error achieved by a single-class baseline method that does not consider admission control mechanisms. Moreover, our method exhibited a high SLO fulfillment for both availability and admission rates, and obtained mean CPU utilization over 91 , while the single-class baseline method had values not greater than 78 . Cloud computing providers have setup several data centers at different geographical locations over the Internet in order to optimally serve needs of their customers around the world However, existing systems do not support mechanisms and policies for dynamically coordinating load distribution among different Cloud-based data centers in order to determine optimal location for hosting application services to achieve reasonable QoS levels Further, the Cloud computing providers are unable to predict geographic distribution of users consuming their services, hence the load coordination must happen automatically, and distribution of services must change in response to changes in the load To counter this problem, we advocate creation of federated Cloud computing environment (InterCloud) that facilitates just-in-time, opportunistic, and scalable provisioning of application services, consistently achieving QoS targets under variable workload, resource and network conditions The overall goal is to create a computing environment that supports dynamic expansion or contraction of capabilities (VMs, services, storage, and database) for handling sudden variations in service demands. This paper presents vision, challenges, and architectural elements of InterCloud for utility-oriented federation of Cloud computing environments The proposed InterCloud environment supports scaling of applications across multiple vendor clouds We have validated our approach by conducting a set of rigorous performance evaluation study using the CloudSim toolkit The results demonstrate that federated Cloud computing model has immense potential as it offers significant performance gains as regards to response time and cost saving under dynamic workload scenarios. Many web service providers use commercial cloud computing infrastructures like Amazon for flexible and reliable service deployment. For these web service providers, the cost of cloud computing usage becomes a big part of their IT department cost. Facing the diverse pricing models including on-demand, reserved, and spot instance, it is difficult for web service providers to optimize their cost. This paper introduces a new cloud brokerage service to help web service providers to minimize their cloud computing cost for deadline-constrained batch jobs, which have been a significant workload in web services. Our cloud brokerage service associates each batch job with deadline, and always tries to use cheaper reserved instances for computation to maintain a minimum cost. We achieve this with the following two steps: (1) given a set of jobs' specifications, determine the scheduling of jobs, (2) given the scheduling and pricing options, find an optimal instance renting strategy. We prove that both problems in two steps are computation intractable, and propose approximation algorithms for them. Trace-based evaluation shows that our cloud brokerage service can reduce up to 57 of the cloud computing cost. Cloud service benchmarking can provide important, sometimes surprising insights into the quality of services and leads to a more quality-driven design and engineering of complex software architectures that use such services. Starting with a broad introduction to the field, this book guides readers step-by-step through the process of designing, implementing and executing a cloud service benchmark, as well as understanding and dealing with its results. It covers all aspects of cloud service benchmarking, i.e., both benchmarking the cloud and benchmarking in the cloud, at a basic level. The book is divided into five parts: Part I discusses what cloud benchmarking is, provides an overview of cloud services and their key properties, and describes the notion of a cloud system and cloud-service quality. It also addresses the benchmarking lifecycle and the motivations behind running benchmarks in particular phases of an application lifecycle. Part II then focuses on benchmark design by discussing key objectives (e.g., repeatability, fairness, or understandability) and defining metrics and measurement methods, and by giving advice on developing own measurement methods and metrics. Next, Part III explores benchmark execution and implementation challenges and objectives as well as aspects like runtime monitoring and result collection. Subsequently, Part IV addresses benchmark results, covering topics such as an abstract process for turning data into insights, data preprocessing, and basic data analysis methods. Lastly, Part V concludes the book with a summary, suggestions for further reading and pointers to benchmarking tools available on the Web. The book is intended for researchers and graduate students of computer science and related subjects looking for an introduction to benchmarking cloud services, but also for industry practitioners who are interested in evaluating the quality of cloud services or who want to assess key qualities of their own implementations through cloud-based experiments.