When designing a product that needs to fit the human shape, designers often use a small set of 3D models, called design models, either in physical or digital form, as representative shapes to cover the shape variabilities of the population for which the products are designed. Until recently, the process of creating these models has been an art involving manual interaction and empirical guesswork. The availability of the 3D anthropometric databases provides an opportunity to create design models optimally. In this paper, we propose a novel way to use 3D anthropometric databases to generate design models that represent a given population for design applications such as the sizing of garments and gear. We generate the representative shapes by solving a covering problem in a parameter space. Well-known techniques in computational geometry are used to solve this problem. We demonstrate the method using examples in designing glasses and helmets.
We propose a fully-automatic method to compute design models that represent a given 3D anthropometric database well. Since the approach computes the design models automatically, it can operate in high-dimensional spaces. Unlike the method by @cite_15 , our method does not rely on solving a non-linear optimization system. Instead, we model the fit explicitly using a set of tolerances (one tolerance along each dimension) that explains by how much the garment or gear can be adjusted along each dimension. These tolerances depend directly on the design and the materials that are used in a specific application. In this way, our method finds optimal design models for a specific task such as helmet design. To our knowledge, this is the first method that simultaneously considers the optimal fit accommodation and design models.
@cite_15
2157100308 236111108 2208599731 2547473593
A novel approach for the construction of apparel sizing systems is formulated. As a first step to this process, efficient sizing systems are defined based on a mathematical model of garment fit. Nonlinear optimisation techniques are then used to derive a set of possible sizing systems using multidimensional information from anthropometric data. The method is illustrated by developing a sizing system designed for a dress shirt of a military uniform using anthropometric data from the US Army. Results of this analysis show that endogenous size assignment and selection of disaccommodated individuals, together with relaxation of the requirement of a ‘stepwise’ size structure, results in substantial improvements in fit over an existing sizing system. The proposed methodology enables the development of sizing systems that can either increase accommodation of the population, reduce the number of sizes in the system, or improve overall fit in accommodated individuals. We present a novel probabilistic approach for fitting a statistical model to an image. A 3D Morphable Model (3DMM) of faces is interpreted as a generative (Top-Down) Bayesian model. Random Forests are used as noisy detectors (Bottom-Up) for the face and facial landmark positions. The Top-Down and Bottom-Up parts are then combined using a Data-Driven Markov Chain Monte Carlo Method (DDMCMC). As core of the integration, we use the Metropolis-Hastings algorithm which has two main advantages. First, the algorithm can handle unreliable detections and therefore does not need the detectors to take an early and possible wrong hard decision before fitting. Second, it is open for integration of various cues to guide the fitting process. Based on the proposed approach, we implemented a completely automatic, pose and illumination invariant face recognition application. We are able to train and test the building blocks of our application on different databases. The system is evaluated on the Multi-PIE database and reaches state of the art performance. We introduce a new approach for estimating a fine grained 3D shape and continuous pose of an object from a single image. Given a training set of view exemplars, we learn and select appearance-based discriminative parts which are mapped onto the 3D model through a facility location optimization. The training set of 3D models is summarized into a set of basis shapes from which we can generalize by linear combination. Given a test image, we detect hypotheses for each part. The main challenge is to select from these hypotheses and compute the 3D pose and shape coefficients at the same time. To achieve this, we optimize a function that considers simultaneously the appearance matching of the parts as well as the geometric reprojection error. We apply the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) to minimize the resulting convex function. Our main and novel contribution is the simultaneous solution for part localization and detailed 3D geometry estimation by maximizing both appearance and geometric compatibility with convex relaxation. We present a novel fully probabilistic method to interpret a single face image with the 3D Morphable Model. The new method is based on Bayesian inference and makes use of unreliable image-based information. Rather than searching a single optimal solution, we infer the posterior distribution of the model parameters given the target image. The method is a stochastic sampling algorithm with a propose-and-verify architecture based on the Metropolis---Hastings algorithm. The stochastic method can robustly integrate unreliable information and therefore does not rely on feed-forward initialization. The integrative concept is based on two ideas, a separation of proposal moves and their verification with the model (Data-Driven Markov Chain Monte Carlo), and filtering with the Metropolis acceptance rule. It does not need gradients and is less prone to local optima than standard fitters. We also introduce a new collective likelihood which models the average difference between the model and the target image rather than individual pixel differences. The average value shows a natural tendency towards a normal distribution, even when the individual pixel-wise difference is not Gaussian. We employ the new fitting method to calculate posterior models of 3D face reconstructions from single real-world images. A direct application of the algorithm with the 3D Morphable Model leads us to a fully automatic face recognition system with competitive performance on the Multi-PIE database without any database adaptation.