Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) with frequency division duplex (FDD) mode is a promising approach to increasing system capacity and link robustness for the fifth generation (5G) wireless cellular systems. The premise of these advantages is the accurate downlink channel state information (CSI) fed back from user equipment. However, conventional feedback methods have difficulties in reducing feedback overhead due to significant amount of base station (BS) antennas in massive MIMO systems. Recently, deep learning (DL)-based CSI feedback conquers many difficulties, yet still shows insufficiency to decrease the occupation of uplink bandwidth resources. In this paper, to solve this issue, we combine DL and superimposed coding (SC) for CSI feedback, in which the downlink CSI is spread and then superimposed on uplink user data sequences (UL-US) toward the BS. Then, a multi-task neural network (NN) architecture is proposed at BS to recover the downlink CSI and UL-US by unfolding two iterations of the minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) criterion-based interference reduction. In addition, for a network training, a subnet-by-subnet approach is exploited to facilitate the parameter tuning and expedite the convergence rate. Compared with standalone SC-based CSI scheme, our multi-task NN, trained in a specific signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and power proportional coefficient (PPC), consistently improves the estimation of downlink CSI with similar or better UL-US detection under SNR and PPC varying.
As a whole, the DL-based and SC-based CSI feedback methods still face huge challenge, which can be summarized as follows: Concentrated on feedback reduction, the DL-based CSI feedback methods, e.g., the methods in @cite_34 -- @cite_10 , inevitably occupy uplink bandwidth resources. Although the occupation of uplink bandwidth resources can be avoided, the methods that estimate downlink CSI from uplink CSI in @cite_31 and @cite_6 usually limit the applications in mobile or wide frequency-band interval environment. The SC-based CSI feedback @cite_21 can also avoid the occupation of uplink bandwidth resources, while facing with huge challenge to cancel the interference between downlink CSI and UL-US due to the lack of good solutions in previous works.
@cite_21 @cite_6 @cite_31 @cite_34 @cite_10
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In closed-loop FDD MIMO system, downlink channel state information (DL-CSI) is usually feedback to base station in forms of codebook or CQI, both of which aim at lowering the feedback quantity at the cost of limited feedback precision and heavy processing complexity at mobile side. Meanwhile, the recently proposed direct channel feedback method incurs great system overhead due to its exclusive occupation of uplink bandwidth resources. We propose a low-cost feedback method for DL-CSI, which spreads unquantized and uncoded DL-CSI and superimposes it onto uplink user data sequences (UL-US). Exclusive occupation of system resources by DL-CSI can thus be avoided. Due to spreading, DL-CSI can be estimated accurately with little power allocation at the cost of some UL-US's SER performance Knowledge of the channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter side is one of the primary sources of information that can be used for efficient allocation of wireless resources. Obtaining Down-Link (DL) CSI in FDD systems from Up-Link (UL) CSI is not as straightforward as TDD systems, and so usually users feedback the DL-CSI to the transmitter. To remove the need for feedback (and thus having less signaling overhead), several methods have been studied to estimate DL-CSI from UL-CSI. In this paper, we propose a scheme to infer DL-CSI by observing UL-CSI in which we use two recent deep neural network structures: a) Convolutional Neural network and b) Generative Adversarial Networks. The proposed deep network structures are first learning a latent model of the environment from the training data. Then, the resulted latent model is used to predict the DL-CSI from the UL-CSI. We have simulated the proposed scheme and evaluated its performance in a few network settings. In this paper, we study resource allocation in a downlink OFDMA system assuming imperfect channel state information (CSI) at the transmitter. To achieve the individual QoS of the users in OFDMA system, adaptive resource allocation is very important, and has therefore been an active area of research. However, in most of the the previous work perfect CSI at the transmitter is assumed which is rarely possible due to channel estimation error and feedback delay. In this paper, we study the effect of channel estimation error on resource allocation in a downlink OFDMA system. We assume that each user terminal estimates its channel by using an MMSE estimator and sends its CSI back to the base station through a feedback channel. We approach the problem by using convex optimization framework, provide an explicit closed form expression for the users' transmit power and then develop an optimal margin adaptive resource allocation algorithm. Our proposed algorithm minimizes the total transmit power of the system subject to constraints on users' average data rate. The algorithm has polynomial complexity and solves the problem with zero optimality gaps. Simulation results show that our algorithm highly improves the system performance in the presence of imperfect channel estimation. In frequency division duplex mode, the downlink channel state information (CSI) should be sent to the base station through feedback links so that the potential gains of a massive multiple-input multiple-output can be exhibited. However, such a transmission is hindered by excessive feedback overhead. In this letter, we use deep learning technology to develop CsiNet, a novel CSI sensing and recovery mechanism that learns to effectively use channel structure from training samples. CsiNet learns a transformation from CSI to a near-optimal number of representations (or codewords) and an inverse transformation from codewords to CSI. We perform experiments to demonstrate that CsiNet can recover CSI with significantly improved reconstruction quality compared with existing compressive sensing (CS)-based methods. Even at excessively low compression regions where CS-based methods cannot work, CsiNet retains effective beamforming gain.