The effectiveness and the simple implementation of physical layer jammers make them an essential threat for wireless networks. In a multihop wireless network, where jammers can interfere with the transmission of user messages at intermediate nodes along the path, one can employ jamming oblivious routing and then employ physical-layer techniques (e.g., spread spectrum) to suppress jamming. However, whereas these approaches can provide significant gains, the residual jamming can still severely limit system performance. This motivates the consideration of routing approaches that account for the differences in the jamming environment between different paths. First, we take a straightforward approach where an equal outage probability is allocated to each link along a path and develop a minimum energy routing solution. Next, we demonstrate the shortcomings of this approach and then consider the joint problem of outage allocation and routing by employing an approximation to the link outage probability. This yields an efficient and effective routing algorithm that only requires knowledge of the measured jamming at each node. Numerical results demonstrate that the amount of energy saved by the proposed methods with respect to a standard minimum energy routing algorithm, especially for parameters appropriate for terrestrial wireless networks, is substantial.
Several works consider one-hop energy aware communication in the presence of one jammer @cite_4 @cite_10 @cite_28 @cite_17 . It is usually treated as a game between a jammer and two system nodes. The objective of the jammer is to increase the cost (energy) of communication for the system nodes, whereas the objective of the system nodes is increasing the cost of jamming for the jammer and conveying their message with a minimum use of energy. Unlike these approaches, in this work we consider multi-hop communication in the presence of many jammers.
@cite_28 @cite_10 @cite_4 @cite_17
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The objective of jamming attack in a network is to deny service to the communicating nodes, thus reducing network throughput and availability. In this paper, we propose a game theoretic framework for detecting jamming attacks in wireless ad hoc networks. We formulate jamming as a two- player, non cooperative game to analyze the interaction between attacker and monitoring nodes in the network. We propose hybrid detection strategies at the monitor node using cross-layer features for attack detection. We solve the game by computing the mixed strategy Nash equilibrium and derive optimal attack and detection strategies. Numerical results show that game theoretic analysis can be used to determine optimal steady state monitoring strategies to provide higher detection accuracy, while balancing the monitoring energy costs. In this paper, we consider a two-way relay system where the two sources can only communicate through an untrusted intermediate relay and investigate the physical layer security issue in this two-way untrusted relay scenario. Specifically, we regard the intermediate relay as an eavesdropper from which the information transmitted by the sources needs to be kept confidential, despite the fact that its cooperation in relaying this information is essential. We first indicate that a nonzero secrecy rate is indeed achievable in this two-way untrusted relay system even without the help of external friendly jammers. As for the system with friendly jammers, after further analysis, we can obtain the secrecy rate of the sources can be effectively improved by utilizing proper jamming power from the friendly jammers. Then, we formulate a Stackelberg game between the sources and the friendly jammers as a power control scheme to achieve the optimized secrecy rate of the sources, in which the sources are treated as the sole buyer and the friendly jammers are the sellers. In addition, the optimal solutions of the jamming power and the asking prices are given, and a distributed updating algorithm to obtain the Stackelberg equilibrium is provided for the proposed game. Finally, the simulation results verify the properties and efficiency of the proposed Stackelberg-game-based scheme. The process of communication jamming can be modeled as a two-person zero-sum noncooperative dynamic game played between a communicator (a transmitter-receiver pair) and a jammer. We consider a one-way time-slotted packet radio communication link in the presence of a jammer, where the data rate is fixed and (1) in each slot, the communicator and jammer choose their respective power levels in a random fashion from a zero and a positive value; (2) both players are subject to temporal energy constraints which account for protection of the communicating and jamming transmitters from overheating. The payoff function is the time average of the mean payoff per slot. The game is solved for certain ranges of the players' transmitter parameters. Structures of steady-state solutions to the game are also investigated. The general behavior of the players' strategies and payoff increment is found to depend on a parameter related to the payoff matrix, which me call the payoff parameter, and the transmitters' parameters. When the payoff parameter is lower than a threshold, the optimal steady-state strategies are mixed and the payoff increment constant over time, whereas when it is greater than the threshold, the strategies are pure, and the payoff increment exhibits oscillatory behavior. This paper explores the usage of cooperative multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technique to minimize energy consumption used to establish communications among distant nodes in a wireless sensor network (WSN). As energy depletion is an outstanding problem in WSN research field, a number of techniques aim to preserve such resource, especially by means of savings during communication among sensor nodes. One such wide used technique is multi-hop communication to diminish the energy required by a single node to transmit a given message, providing a homogeneous consumption of the energy resources among the nodes in the network. However, it is not the case that multi-hop is always more efficient than single-hop, even that it may represent a great depletion of a single node’s energy. In this paper a cooperative MIMO transmission technique for WSN is presented, which is compared to single-hop and multi-hop transmission ones, highlighting its advantages in relation to both. Simulation results support the statement about the utility in applying the proposed technique for energy saving purposes.