Recent years have witnessed the great success of convolutional neural network (CNN) based models in the field of computer vision. CNN is able to learn hierarchically abstracted features from images in an end-to-end training manner. However, most of the existing CNN models only learn features through a feedforward structure and no feedback information from top to bottom layers is exploited to enable the networks to refine themselves. In this paper, we propose a "Learning with Rethinking" algorithm. By adding a feedback layer and producing the emphasis vector, the model is able to recurrently boost the performance based on previous prediction. Particularly, it can be employed to boost any pre-trained models. This algorithm is tested on four object classification benchmark datasets: CIFAR-100, CIFAR-10, MNIST-background-image and ILSVRC-2012 dataset. These results have demonstrated the advantage of training CNN models with the proposed feedback mechanism.
The most related work on utilizing the recurrent neural network for object recognition would be dasNet @cite_53 . It makes use of a reinforcement learning strategy to iteratively adjust some weights of feature maps. And final classification results are made after several iterations. Our Learning with Rethinking" algorithm differs from dasNet in three major aspects. Firstly, we use a neural network to feedback information into lower layers, which is relatively easy to calculate. Secondly, we only use the posterior probability of previous feedforward pass as the feedback information, which is much more timely and spatially efficient. Thirdly, our algorithm can be regarded as a new further training algorithm which is easy to be applied to any pre-trained models, and will further boost the performance. Comparatively, dasNet needs to train from random initialization.
@cite_53
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In recent years, the convolutional neural network (CNN) has achieved great success in many computer vision tasks. Partially inspired by neuroscience, CNN shares many properties with the visual system of the brain. A prominent difference is that CNN is typically a feed-forward architecture while in the visual system recurrent connections are abundant. Inspired by this fact, we propose a recurrent CNN (RCNN) for object recognition by incorporating recurrent connections into each convolutional layer. Though the input is static, the activities of RCNN units evolve over time so that the activity of each unit is modulated by the activities of its neighboring units. This property enhances the ability of the model to integrate the context information, which is important for object recognition. Like other recurrent neural networks, unfolding the RCNN through time can result in an arbitrarily deep network with a fixed number of parameters. Furthermore, the unfolded network has multiple paths, which can facilitate the learning process. The model is tested on four benchmark object recognition datasets: CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100, MNIST and SVHN. With fewer trainable parameters, RCNN outperforms the state-of-the-art models on all of these datasets. Increasing the number of parameters leads to even better performance. These results demonstrate the advantage of the recurrent structure over purely feed-forward structure for object recognition. Abstract Deep Neural Network (DNN) has recently achieved outstanding performance in a variety of computer vision tasks, including facial attribute classification. The great success of classifying facial attributes with DNN often relies on a massive amount of labelled data. However, in real-world applications, labelled data are only provided for some commonly used attributes (such as age, gender); whereas, unlabelled data are available for other attributes (such as attraction, hairline). To address the above problem, we propose a novel deep transfer neural network method based on multi-label learning for facial attribute classification, termed FMTNet, which consists of three sub-networks: the Face detection Network (FNet), the Multi-label learning Network (MNet) and the Transfer learning Network (TNet). Firstly, based on the Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster R-CNN), FNet is fine-tuned for face detection. Then, MNet is fine-tuned by FNet to predict multiple attributes with labelled data, where an effective loss weight scheme is developed to explicitly exploit the correlation between facial attributes based on attribute grouping. Finally, based on MNet, TNet is trained by taking advantage of unsupervised domain adaptation for unlabelled facial attribute classification. The three sub-networks are tightly coupled to perform effective facial attribute classification. A distinguishing characteristic of the proposed FMTNet method is that the three sub-networks (FNet, MNet and TNet) are constructed in a similar network structure. Extensive experimental results on challenging face datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method compared with several state-of-the-art methods. In this paper, we propose gated recurrent feature pyramid for the problem of learning object detection from scratch. Our approach is motivated by the recent work of deeply supervised object detector (DSOD), but explores new network architecture that dynamically adjusts the supervision intensities of intermediate layers for various scales in object detection. The benefits of the proposed method are two-fold: First, we propose a recurrent feature-pyramid structure to squeeze rich spatial and semantic features into a single prediction layer that further reduces the number of parameters to learn (DSOD need learn 1 2, but our method need only 1 3). Thus our new model is more fit for learning from scratch, and can converge faster than DSOD (using only 50 of iterations). Second, we introduce a novel gate-controlled prediction strategy to adaptively enhance or attenuate supervision at different scales based on the input object size. As a result, our model is more suitable for detecting small objects. To the best of our knowledge, our study is the best performed model of learning object detection from scratch. Our method in the PASCAL VOC 2012 comp3 leaderboard (which compares object detectors that are trained only with PASCAL VOC data) demonstrates a significant performance jump, from previous 64 to our 77 (VOC 07++12) and 72.5 (VOC 12). We also evaluate the performance of our method on PASCAL VOC 2007, 2012 and MS COCO datasets, and find that the accuracy of our learning from scratch method can even beat a lot of the state-of-the-art detection methods which use pre-trained models from ImageNet. Code is available at: this https URL . Since convolutional neural network (CNN) lacks an inherent mechanism to handle large scale variations, we always need to compute feature maps multiple times for multiscale object detection, which has the bottleneck of computational cost in practice. To address this, we devise a recurrent scale approximation (RSA) to compute feature map once only, and only through this map can we approximate the rest maps on other levels. At the core of RSA is the recursive rolling out mechanism: given an initial map on a particular scale, it generates the prediction on a smaller scale that is half the size of input. To further increase efficiency and accuracy, we (a): design a scale-forecast network to globally predict potential scales in the image since there is no need to compute maps on all levels of the pyramid. (b): propose a landmark retracing network (LRN) to retrace back locations of the regressed landmarks and generate a confidence score for each landmark; LRN can effectively alleviate false positives due to the accumulated error in RSA. The whole system could be trained end-to-end in a unified CNN framework. Experiments demonstrate that our proposed algorithm is superior against state-of-the-arts on face detection benchmarks and achieves comparable results for generic proposal generation. The source code of our system is available.