The prevalence of Internet of Things (IoTs) allows heterogeneous embedded smart devices to collaboratively provide intelligent services with or without human intervention. While leveraging the large-scale IoT-based applications like Smart Gird and Smart Cities, IoT also incurs more concerns on privacy and security. Among the top security challenges that IoTs face is that access authorization is critical in resource and information protection over IoTs. Traditional access control approaches, like Access Control Lists (ACL), Role-based Access Control (RBAC) and Attribute-based Access Control (ABAC), are not able to provide a scalable, manageable and efficient mechanisms to meet requirement of IoT systems. The extraordinary large number of nodes, heterogeneity as well as dynamicity, necessitate more fine-grained, lightweight mechanisms for IoT devices. In this paper, a federated capability-based access control (FedCAC) framework is proposed to enable an effective access control processes to devices, services and information in large scale IoT systems. An identity-based capability token management strategy is presented, which involves registering, propagation and revocation of the access authorization. Through delegating centralized authorization decision-making policy to local domain delegator, the access authorization process is locally conducted on the service provider that integrates situational awareness (SAW) and customized contextual conditions. Implemented and tested on both resources-constrained devices, like smart sensors and Raspberry PI, and non-resource-constrained devices, like laptops and smart phones, our experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed FedCAC approach to offer a scalable, lightweight and fine-grained access control solution to IoT systems connected to a system network.
Authentication and access control technologies are among the main elements to protect the security and privacy in IoT devices @cite_20 . It's critical to prevent unauthorized subjects from having access the IoT device, service or information. As a fundamental mechanism to enable security in computer systems, is the process that decides who is authorized to have what communication rights on which objects with respect to some security models and policies @cite_9 . An effective access control system should satisfy the main security requirements of confidentiality (no unauthorized disclosure of resources), integrity (no improper modifications of resources), and availability (ensuring accessibility of resources to legitimate users) @cite_2 . Newly raised security and privacy issues in the era of IoTs require that access control systems should be built on principals of high scalability, flexibility, lightweight and causality.
@cite_9 @cite_20 @cite_2
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Abstract In large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) systems, huge volumes of data are collected from anywhere at any time, which may invade people’s privacy, especially when the systems are used in medical or daily living environments. Preserving privacy is an important issue, and higher privacy demands usually tend to require weaker identity. However, previous research has indicated that strong security tends to demand strong identity, especially in authentication processes. Thus, defining a good tradeoff between privacy and security remains a challenging problem. This motivates us to develop a privacy-preserving and accountable authentication protocol for IoT end-devices with weaker identity, which integrates an adapted construction of short group signatures and Shamir’s secret sharing scheme. We analyze the security properties of our protocol in the context of six typical attacks and verify the formal security using the Proverif tool. Experiments using our implementation in MacBook Pro and Intel Edison development platforms show that our authentication protocol is feasible in practice. Abstract The safety of medical data and equipment plays a vital role in today’s world of Medical Internet of Things (MIoT). These IoT devices have many constraints (e.g., memory size, processing capacity, and power consumption) that make it challenging to use cost-effective and energy-efficient security solutions. Recently, researchers have proposed a few Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) based security solutions for MIoT. The use of RFID technology in securing IoT systems is rapidly increasing because it provides secure and lightweight safety mechanisms for these systems. More recently, authors have proposed a lightweight RFID mutual authentication (LRMI) protocol. The authors argue that LRMI meets the necessary security requirements for RFID systems, and the same applies to MIoT applications as well. In this paper, our contribution has two-folds, firstly we analyze the LRMI protocol’s security to demonstrate that it is vulnerable to various attacks such as secret disclosure, reader impersonation, and tag traceability. Also, it is not able to preserve the anonymity of the tag and the reader. Secondly, we propose a new secure and lightweight mutual RFID authentication (SecLAP) protocol, which provides secure communication and preserves privacy in MIoT systems. Our security analysis shows that the SecLAP protocol is robust against de-synchronization, replay, reader tag impersonation, and traceability attacks, and it ensures forward and backward data communication security. We use Burrows-Abadi-Needham (BAN) logic to validate the security features of SecLAP. Moreover, we compare SecLAP with the state-of-the-art and validate its performance through a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) implementation, which shows that it is lightweight, consumes fewer resources on tags concerning computation functions, and requires less number of flows. The use of radio for communication with medical devices provides important convenience and safety features. However, devices that respond to unauthorized queries may inadvertently disclose their presence. It is reasonable for users to expect that their devices' detectability by third parties to be limited, and thus even eavesdroppers to an authorized conversation (e.g. a command sent to an insulin pump) should observe an access code of minimal utility for triggering future transmissions. Access rights should be revocable in a manner that limits that harm that can be caused by authorized devices in the possession of unauthorized users. In order to detect inappropriate use, it may be desirable for access history to be available for audit. We describe a family of replay-attack resistant protocols suitable for embedding into query messages that can authorize users with a range of differentiated access rights. Implanted devices utilizing these techniques can evade detection by suppressing responses to queries that do not contain appropriate authorization. Techniques are described that can support revocation of authorization and audits of access history. Finally, we observe that the processing of unauthorized queries consumes power and thus can be used to mount a potentially devastating denial-of-service attack against the batteries of both conventional devices and devices that utilize the cryptographic protocols we describe. Since field-powered communication systems (e.g. HF-RFID) contain embedded general-purpose processors that operate using only power extracted from externally applied fields, they are substantially more robust against such forms of attack. The prevalence of Internet of Things (IoTs) allows heterogeneous embedded smart devices to collaboratively provide smart services with or without human intervention. While leveraging the large scale IoT based applications like Smart Gird or Smart Cities, IoTs also incur more concerns on privacy and security. Among the top security challenges that IoTs face, access authorization is critical in resource sharing and information protection. One of the weaknesses in today's access control (AC) is the centralized authorization server, which can be the performance bottleneck or the single point of failure. In this paper, BlendCAC, a blockchain enabled decentralized capability based AC is proposed for the security of IoTs. The BlendCAC aims at an effective access control processes to devices, services and information in large scale IoT systems. Based on the blockchain network, a capability delegation mechanism is suggested for access permission propagation. A robust identity based capability token management strategy is proposed, which takes advantage of smart contract for registering, propagation and revocation of the access authorization. In the proposed BlendCAC scheme, IoT devices are their own master to control their resources instead of being supervised by a centralized authority. Implemented and tested on a Raspberry Pi device and on a local private blockchain network, our experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed BlendCAC approach to offer a decentralized, scalable, lightweight and fine grained AC solution to IoT systems.