In this paper, we investigate whether text from a Community Question Answering (QA) platform can be used to predict and describe real-world attributes. We experiment with predicting a wide range of 62 demographic attributes for neighbourhoods of London. We use the text from QA platform of Yahoo! Answers and compare our results to the ones obtained from Twitter microblogs. Outcomes show that the correlation between the predicted demographic attributes using text from Yahoo! Answers discussions and the observed demographic attributes can reach an average Pearson correlation coefficient of ho = 0.54, slightly higher than the predictions obtained using Twitter data. Our qualitative analysis indicates that there is semantic relatedness between the highest correlated terms extracted from both datasets and their relative demographic attributes. Furthermore, the correlations highlight the different natures of the information contained in Yahoo! Answers and Twitter. While the former seems to offer a more encyclopedic content, the latter provides information related to the current sociocultural aspects or phenomena.
Predicting demographics of individual users using their language on social media platforms, especially Twitter, has been the focus of many research. Text from blogs, telephone conversations, and forum posts are utilised for predicting author's age @cite_1 with a Pearson's correlation of @math . Geo-tagged Twitter data have been used to predict the demographic information of authors such as first language, race, and ethnicity with correlations up to @math @cite_8 .
@cite_1 @cite_8
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Understanding the demographics of users of online social networks has important applications for health, marketing, and public messaging. Whereas most prior approaches rely on a supervised learning approach, in which individual users are labeled with demographics for training, we instead create a distantly labeled dataset by collecting audience measurement data for 1,500 websites (e.g., 50 of visitors to gizmodo.com are estimated to have a bachelor's degree). We then fit a regression model to predict these demographics from information about the followers of each website on Twitter. Using patterns derived both from textual content and the social network of each user, our final model produces an average held-out correlation of .77 across seven different variables (age, gender, education, ethnicity, income, parental status, and political preference). We then apply this model to classify individual Twitter users by ethnicity, gender, and political preference, finding performance that is surprisingly competitive with a fully supervised approach. Social media platforms have become a major gateway to receive and analyze public opinions. Understanding users can provide invaluable context information of their social media posts and significantly improve traditional opinion analysis models. Demographic attributes, such as ethnicity, gender, age, among others, have been extensively applied to characterize social media users. While studies have shown that user groups formed by demographic attributes can have coherent opinions towards political issues, these attributes are often not explicitly coded by users through their profiles. Previous work has demonstrated the effectiveness of different user signals such as users’ posts and names in determining demographic attributes. Yet, these efforts mostly evaluate linguistic signals from users’ posts and train models from artificially balanced datasets. In this paper, we propose a comprehensive list of user signals: self-descriptions and posts aggregated from users’ friends and followers, users’ profile images, and users’ names. We provide a comparative study of these signals side-by-side in the tasks on inferring three major demographic attributes, namely ethnicity, gender, and age. We utilize a realistic unbalanced datasets that share similar demographic makeups in Twitter for training models and evaluation experiments. Our experiments indicate that self-descriptions provide the strongest signal for ethnicity and age inference and clearly improve the overall performance when combined with tweets. Profile images for gender inference have the highest precision score with overall score close to the best result in our setting. This suggests that signals in self-descriptions and profile images have potentials to facilitate demographic attribute inferences in Twitter, and are promising for future investigation. Twitter provides an extremely rich and open source of data for studying human behaviour at scale. It has been used to advance our understanding of social network structure, the viral flow of information and how new ideas develop. Enriching Twitter with demographic information would permit more precise science and better generalisation to the real world. The only demographic indicators associated with a Twitter account are the free text name, location and description fields. We show how the age of most Twitter accounts can be inferred with high accuracy using the structure of the social graph. Besides classical social science applications, there are obvious privacy and child protection implications to this discovery. Previous work on Twitter age detection has focussed on either user-name or linguistic features of tweets. A shortcoming of the user-name approach is that it requires real names (Twitter names are often false) and census data from each user's (unknown) birth country. Problems with linguistic approaches are that most Twitter users do not tweet (the median number of Tweets is 4) and a different model must be learnt for each language. To address these issues, we devise a language-independent methodology for determining the age of Twitter users from data that is native to the Twitter ecosystem. Roughly 150,000 Twitter users specify an age in their free text description field. We generalize this to the entire Twitter network by showing that age can be predicted based on what or whom they follow. We adopt a Bayesian classification paradigm, which offers a consistent framework for handling uncertainty in our data, e.g., inaccurate age descriptions or spurious edges in the graph. Working within this paradigm we have successfully applied age detection to 700 million Twitter accounts with an F1 Score of 0.86. Accurate prediction of demographic attributes from social media and other informal online content is valuable for marketing, personalization, and legal investigation. This paper describes the construction of a large, multilingual dataset labeled with gender, and investigates statistical models for determining the gender of uncharacterized Twitter users. We explore several different classifier types on this dataset. We show the degree to which classifier accuracy varies based on tweet volumes as well as when various kinds of profile metadata are included in the models. We also perform a large-scale human assessment using Amazon Mechanical Turk. Our methods significantly out-perform both baseline models and almost all humans on the same task.