The artistic style of a painting is a subtle aesthetic judgment used by art historians for grouping and classifying artwork. The recently introduced neural-style' algorithm substantially succeeds in merging the perceived artistic style of one image or set of images with the perceived content of another. In light of this and other recent developments in image analysis via convolutional neural networks, we investigate the effectiveness of a neural-style' representation for classifying the artistic style of paintings.
Algorithmic determination of artistic style in paintings has only been considered sporadically in the past. Examples of early efforts at style classification are @cite_9 and @cite_3 , where the datasets used are quite small, and only a handful of very distinct artistic style categories considered. Several complex models are constructed in @cite_11 by hand-engineering features on a large dataset similar to the one used for this work. And in @cite_10 , it is demonstrated that convolutional neural networks may be effective for understanding image style in general, including artistic style in paintings. In the papers just mentioned the number of artistic style categories is held to a relatively small 25 and 27 broadly defined style categories arespectively.
@cite_9 @cite_10 @cite_3 @cite_11
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Coarse features, such as scene composition and subject together with fine details, such as strokes and line styles, are useful clues for painter and style categorization. In this work, to automatically predict painting’s artist and style, we propose a novel deep multibranch neural network, where the different branches process the input image at different scales to jointly model the fine and coarse features of the painting. Experiments for both artist and style classification tasks are performed on the challenging Painting-91 dataset, that includes 91 different painters and 13 diverse painting styles. Our method outperforms the best method in the state of the art by 14.0 and 9.6 on artist and style classification respectively. The artistic style (or artistic movement) of a painting is a rich descriptor that captures both visual and historical information about the painting. Correctly identifying the artistic style of a paintings is crucial for indexing large artistic databases. In this paper, we investigate the use of deep residual neural to solve the problem of detecting the artistic style of a painting and outperform existing approaches to reach an accuracy of 62 on the Wikipaintings dataset (for 25 different style). To achieve this result, the network is first pre-trained on ImageNet, and deeply retrained for artistic style. We empirically evaluate that to achieve the best performance, one need to retrain about 20 layers. This suggests that the two tasks are as similar as expected, and explain the previous success of hand crafted features. We also demonstrate that the style detected on the Wikipaintings dataset are consistent with styles detected on an independent dataset and describe a number of experiments we conducted to validate this approach both qualitatively and quantitatively. We describe a method for automated recognition of painters and schools of art based on their signature styles and studied the computer-based perception of visual art. Paintings of nine artists, representing three different schools of art—impressionism, surrealism and abstract expressionism—were analyzed using a large set of image features and image transforms. The computed image descriptors were assessed using Fisher scores, and the most informative features were used for the classification and similarity measurements of paintings, painters, and schools of art. Experimental results show that the classification accuracy when classifying paintings into nine painter classes is 77p, and the accuracy of associating a given painting with its school of art is 91p. An interesting feature of the proposed method is its ability to automatically associate different artists that share the same school of art in an unsupervised fashion. The source code used for the image classification and image similarity described in this article is available for free download. With the vast expansion of digital contemporary painting collections, automatic theme stylization has grown in demand in both academic and commercial fields. The recent interest in deep neural networks has provided powerful visual features that achieve state-of-the-art results in various visual classification tasks. In this work, we examine the perceptiveness of these features in identifying artistic styles in paintings, and suggest a compact binary representation of the paintings. Combined with the PiCoDes descriptors, these features show excellent classification results on a large scale collection of paintings.