Recognizing sarcasm often requires a deep understanding of multiple sources of information, including the utterance, the conversational context, and real world facts. Most of the current sarcasm detection systems consider only the utterance in isolation. There are some limited attempts toward taking into account the conversational context. In this paper, we propose an interpretable end-to-end model that combines information from both the utterance and the conversational context to detect sarcasm, and demonstrate its effectiveness through empirical evaluations. We also study the behavior of the proposed model to provide explanations for the model's decisions. Importantly, our model is capable of determining the impact of utterance and conversational context on the model's decisions. Finally, we provide an ablation study to illustrate the impact of different components of the proposed model.
The last category of methods aims to detect sarcasm based on the understanding of the conversation (other than simply extracting features from the context). To the best of our knowledge, there is just one conversation dependent sarcasm detection system @cite_28 , which focuses on modeling conversational context using a variety of LSTMs to help sarcasm detection. They effectively demonstrated the importance and impact of considering conversational context for sarcasm detection.
@cite_28
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Computational models for sarcasm detection have often relied on the content of utterances in isolation. However, speaker's sarcastic intent is not always obvious without additional context. Focusing on social media discussions, we investigate two issues: (1) does modeling of conversation context help in sarcasm detection and (2) can we understand what part of conversation context triggered the sarcastic reply. To address the first issue, we investigate several types of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks that can model both the conversation context and the sarcastic response. We show that the conditional LSTM network (, 2015) and LSTM networks with sentence level attention on context and response outperform the LSTM model that reads only the response. To address the second issue, we present a qualitative analysis of attention weights produced by the LSTM models with attention and discuss the results compared with human performance on the task. The literature in automated sarcasm detection has mainly focused on lexical, syntactic and semantic-level analysis of text. However, a sarcastic sentence can be expressed with contextual presumptions, background and commonsense knowledge. In this paper, we propose CASCADE (a ContextuAl SarCasm DEtector) that adopts a hybrid approach of both content and context-driven modeling for sarcasm detection in online social media discussions. For the latter, CASCADE aims at extracting contextual information from the discourse of a discussion thread. Also, since the sarcastic nature and form of expression can vary from person to person, CASCADE utilizes user embeddings that encode stylometric and personality features of the users. When used along with content-based feature extractors such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), we see a significant boost in the classification performance on a large Reddit corpus. While a fair amount of work has been done on automatically detecting emotion in human speech, there has been little research on sarcasm detection. Although sarcastic speech acts are inherently subjective, humans have relatively clear intuitions as to what constitutes sarcastic speech. In this paper, we present a system for automatic sarcasm detection. Using a new acted speech corpus that is annotated for sarcastic and sincere speech, we examine a number of features that are indicative of sarcasm. The first set of features looks at a baseline of basic acoustic features that have been found to be helpful in human sarcasm identification. We then present an effective way of modeling and applying prosodic contours to the task of automatic sarcasm detection. This approach applies sequential modeling to categorical representations of pitch and intensity contours obtained via k-means clustering. Using a SimpleLogistic (LogitBoost) classifier, we are able to predict sarcasm with 81.57 accuracy. This result suggests that certain pitch and intensity contours are predictive of sarcastic speech. Sarcasm understanding may require information beyond the text itself, as in the case of ‘I absolutely love this restaurant!’ which may be sarcastic, depending on the contextual situation. We present the first quantitative evidence to show that historical tweets by an author can provide additional context for sarcasm detection. Our sarcasm detection approach uses two components: a contrast-based predictor (that identifies if there is a sentiment contrast within a target tweet), and a historical tweet-based predictor (that identifies if the sentiment expressed towards an entity in the target tweet agrees with sentiment expressed by the author towards that entity in the past).