The square @math of a linear error correcting code @math is the linear code spanned by the component-wise products of every pair of (non-necessarily distinct) words in @math . Squares of codes have gained attention for several applications mainly in the area of cryptography, and typically in those applications, one is concerned about some of the parameters (dimension and minimum distance) of both @math and @math . In this paper, motivated mostly by the study of this problem in the case of linear codes defined over the binary field, squares of cyclic codes are considered. General results on the minimum distance of the squares of cyclic codes are obtained, and constructions of cyclic codes @math with a relatively large dimension of @math and minimum distance of the square @math are discussed. In some cases, the constructions lead to codes @math such that both @math and @math simultaneously have the largest possible minimum distances for their length and dimensions.
However, as mentioned above, Reed-Solomon codes have the restriction that @math . Therefore the asymptotic behaviour of families of squares of codes has been considered, where the finite field @math is fixed and @math grows to infinity. The existence, over every finite field, of asymptotically good families We say that a family of codes @math with lengths @math is asymptotically good if @math when @math and the limits @math and @math exist and are strictly positive. of codes whose squares also form an asymptotically good family was established in @cite_0 . For small fields, this result requires a combination of an algebraic geometric construction over a sufficiently large (but constant) extension field and a special concatenation function to achieve a final construction over the small finite field. However, @cite_26 showed that families of codes with such asymptotic properties are not very abundant, since choosing codes uniformly at random (among all codes of a prescribed dimension that grows linearly with the length) will, with high probability, not satisfy the desired properties.
@cite_0 @cite_26
1637999745 1565759886 2150005435 2517585112
We describe a new class of list decodable codes based on Galois extensions of function fields and present a list decoding algorithm. These codes are obtained as a result of folding the set of rational places of a function field using certain elements (automorphisms) from the Galois group of the extension. This work is an extension of Folded Reed Solomon codes to the setting of Algebraic Geometric codes. We describe two constructions based on this framework depending on if the order of the automorphism used to fold the code is large or small compared to the block length. When the automorphism is of large order, the codes have polynomially bounded list size in the worst case. This construction gives codes of rate @math over an alphabet of size independent of block length that can correct a fraction of @math errors subject to the existence of asymptotically good towers of function fields with large automorphisms. The second construction addresses the case when the order of the element used to fold is small compared to the block length. In this case a heuristic analysis shows that for a random received word, the expected list size and the running time of the decoding algorithm are bounded by a polynomial in the block length. When applied to the Garcia-Stichtenoth tower, this yields codes of rate @math over an alphabet of size @math , that can correct a fraction of @math errors. For generalized Reed-Solomon codes, it has been proved [7] that the problem of determining if a received word is a deep hole is co-NP-complete. The reduction relies on the fact that the evaluation set of the code can be exponential in the length of the code - a property that practical codes do not usually possess. In this paper, we first present a much simpler proof of the same result. We then consider the problem for standard Reed-Solomon codes, i.e. the evaluation set consists of all the nonzero elements in the field. We reduce the problem of identifying deep holes to deciding whether an absolutely irreducible hypersurface over a finite field contains a rational point whose coordinates are pairwise distinct and nonzero. By applying Cafure-Matera estimation of rational points on algebraic varieties, we prove that the received vector (f(α))α∈Fpfor the Reed-Solomon [p - 1, k]p, k < p1 4-Ɛ, cannot be a deep hole, whenever f(x) is a polynomial of degree k + d for 1 ≤ d ≤ p3 13-Ɛ. If C is a binary linear code, let C〈2〉 be the linear code spanned by intersections of pairs of codewords of C. We construct an asymptotically good family of binary linear codes such that, for C ranging in this family, C〈2〉 also form an asymptotically good family. For this, we use algebraic-geometry codes, concatenation, and a fair amount of bilinear algebra. More precisely, the two main ingredients used in our construction are, first, a description of the symmetric square of an odd degree extension field in terms only of field operations of small degree, and second, a recent result of Garcia-Stichtenoth-Bassa-Beelen on the number of points of curves on such an odd degree extension field. We study a noiseless broadcast link serving @math users whose requests arise from a library of @math files. Every user is equipped with a cache of size @math files each. It has been shown that by splitting all the files into packets and placing individual packets in a random independent manner across all the caches prior to any transmission, at most @math file transmissions are required for any set of demands from the library. The achievable delivery scheme involves linearly combining packets of different files following a greedy clique cover solution to the underlying index coding problem. This remarkable multiplicative gain of random placement and coded delivery has been established in the asymptotic regime when the number of packets per file @math scales to infinity. The asymptotic coding gain obtained is roughly @math . In this paper, we initiate the finite-length analysis of random caching schemes when the number of packets @math is a function of the system parameters @math , and @math . Specifically, we show that the existing random placement and clique cover delivery schemes that achieve optimality in the asymptotic regime can have at most a multiplicative gain of 2 even if the number of packets is exponential in the asymptotic gain @math . Furthermore, for any clique cover-based coded delivery and a large class of random placement schemes that include the existing ones, we show that the number of packets required to get a multiplicative gain of @math is at least @math . We design a new random placement and an efficient clique cover-based delivery scheme that achieves this lower bound approximately. We also provide tight concentration results that show that the average (over the random placement involved) number of transmissions concentrates very well requiring only a polynomial number of packets in the rest of the system parameters.