This paper presents a novel deep architecture for saliency prediction. Current state of the art models for saliency prediction employ Fully Convolutional networks that perform a non-linear combination of features extracted from the last convolutional layer to predict saliency maps. We propose an architecture which, instead, combines features extracted at different levels of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Our model is composed of three main blocks: a feature extraction CNN, a feature encoding network, that weights low and high level feature maps, and a prior learning network. We compare our solution with state of the art saliency models on two public benchmarks datasets. Results show that our model outperforms under all evaluation metrics on the SALICON dataset, which is currently the largest public dataset for saliency prediction, and achieves competitive results on the MIT300 benchmark.
A first attempt to model saliency with deep convolutional networks (DCNs) has been recently proposed by Vig al @cite_30 . They propose Ensembles of Deep Networks (eDN), a CNN with three layers. Since the amount of data available to learn saliency is generally limited, this architecture cannot scale to outperform the current state-of-the art.
@cite_30
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This paper presents a novel deep architecture for saliency prediction. Current state of the art models for saliency prediction employ Fully Convolutional networks that perform a non-linear combination of features extracted from the last convolutional layer to predict saliency maps. We propose an architecture which, instead, combines features extracted at different levels of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Our model is composed of three main blocks: a feature extraction CNN, a feature encoding network, that weights low and high level feature maps, and a prior learning network. We compare our solution with state of the art saliency models on two public benchmarks datasets. Results show that our model outperforms under all evaluation metrics on the SALICON dataset, which is currently the largest public dataset for saliency prediction, and achieves competitive results on the MIT300 benchmark. Code is available at https: github.com marcellacornia mlnet. This paper presents a novel deep architecture for saliency prediction. Current state of the art models for saliency prediction employ Fully Convolutional networks that perform a non-linear combination of features extracted from the last convolutional layer to predict saliency maps. We propose an architecture which, instead, combines features extracted at different levels of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Our model is composed of three main blocks: a feature extraction CNN, a feature encoding network, that weights low and high level feature maps, and a prior learning network. We compare our solution with state of the art saliency models on two public benchmarks datasets. Results show that our model outperforms under all evaluation metrics on the SALICON dataset, which is currently the largest public dataset for saliency prediction, and achieves competitive results on the MIT300 benchmark. Recent progress on saliency detection is substantial, benefiting mostly from the explosive development of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Semantic segmentation and saliency detection algorithms developed lately have been mostly based on Fully Convolutional Neural Networks (FCNs). There is still a large room for improvement over the generic FCN models that do not explicitly deal with the scale-space problem. Holisitcally-Nested Edge Detector (HED) provides a skip-layer structure with deep supervision for edge and boundary detection, but the performance gain of HED on saliency detection is not obvious. In this paper, we propose a new saliency method by introducing short connections to the skip-layer structures within the HED architecture. Our framework provides rich multi-scale feature maps at each layer, a property that is critically needed to perform segment detection. Our method produces state-of-the-art results on 5 widely tested salient object detection benchmarks, with advantages in terms of efficiency (0.08 seconds per image), effectiveness, and simplicity over the existing algorithms. In this work, we apply state-of-the-art Convolutional Neural Network(CNN) architectures for saliency prediction. Our results show that better saliency features can be delivered by a deeper CNN model. However, it is very space-consuming to apply a complex model due to the large size of input images. The space complexity becomes even more problematic when we extract features from multiple convolutional layers or different models. In this paper, we propose a modular saliency system which aims at splitting the whole network into small modules. The main difference in our approach s that the encoder and decoder can be separately trained for the scalability. Furthermore, the encoder can contain more than one CNN model to extract features and the models can have different architectures or pre-trained on different datasets. This parallel design allows us to better utilize the computational space in order to apply more powerful encoder. More importantly, our network can be easily expanded almost without extra spaces, other pre-trained CNN models can be combined for a wider range of visual knowledge. We denote our expandable multi-layer network as EML-NET in this paper. Our method is evaluated on three public saliency benchmarks, SALICON, MIT300 and CAT2000. The proposed EML-NET achieves state-of-the-art results on the metric of Normalized Scanpath Saliency using a modified loss function.