Human body part parsing refers to the task of predicting the semantic segmentation mask for each body part. Fully supervised body part parsing methods achieve good performances, but require an enormous amount of effort to annotate part masks for training. In contrast to high annotation costs required for a limited number of part mask annotations, a large number of weak labels such as poses and full body masks already exist and contain relevant information. Motivated by the possibility of using existing weak labels, we propose the first weakly supervised body part parsing framework. The basic idea is to train a parsing network with pose generated part priors that has blank uncertain regions on estimated boundaries, and use an iterative refinement module to generate new supervision and predictions on these regions. When sufficient extra weak supervisions are available, our weakly-supervised results (62.0 mIoU) on Pascal-Person-Part are comparable to the fully supervised state-of-the-art results (63.6 mIoU). Furthermore, in the extended semi-supervised setting, the proposed framework outperforms the state-of-art methods. In addition, we show that the proposed framework can be extended to other keypoint-supervised part parsing tasks such as face parsing.
Human body part parsing. Human body part parsing is the task of generating body part masks based on human structures. An Auto-Zoom Network @cite_21 is proposed to focus on certain body part regions. Xia @cite_9 propose to jointly conduct body part parsing and pose estimation, and show that the two complementary tasks could help each other. Fang @cite_34 propose a data augmentation method for part parsing based on pose similarities. Part parsing is related to human parsing @cite_1 @cite_28 @cite_17 @cite_35 @cite_23 @cite_13 , as both tasks aim to predict pixel level semantic masks for human parts. The major difference is that body part parsing focuses on predicting part masks that directly reflects body structures, for example regions such as upper lower arms. On the contrary, human parsing contains clothing and object classes such as sunglasses, hats, coats and etc. These classes are not directly related to human structures and are more appearance based.
@cite_35 @cite_28 @cite_9 @cite_21 @cite_1 @cite_23 @cite_34 @cite_13 @cite_17
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Recognizing humans, estimating their pose and segmenting their body parts are key to high-level image understanding. Because humans are highly articulated, the range of deformations they undergo makes this task extremely challenging. Previous methods have focused largely on heuristics or pairwise part models in approaching this problem. We propose a bottom-up parsing of increasingly more complete partial body masks guided by a parse tree. At each level of the parsing process, we evaluate the partial body masks directly via shape matching with exemplars, without regard to how the parses are formed. The body is evaluated as a whole, not the sum of its constituent parses, unlike previous approaches. Multiple image segmentations are included at each of the levels of the parsing, to augment existing parses or to introduce ones. Our method yields both a pose estimate as well as a segmentation of the human. We demonstrate competitive results on this challenging task with relatively few training examples on a dataset of baseball players with wide pose variation. Our method is comparatively simple and could be easily extended to other objects. Human body part parsing, or human semantic part segmentation, is fundamental to many computer vision tasks. In conventional semantic segmentation methods, the ground truth segmentations are provided, and fully convolutional networks (FCN) are trained in an end-to-end scheme. Although these methods have demonstrated impressive results, their performance highly depends on the quantity and quality of training data. In this paper, we present a novel method to generate synthetic human part segmentation data using easily-obtained human keypoint annotations. Our key idea is to exploit the anatomical similarity among human to transfer the parsing results of a person to another person with similar pose. Using these estimated results as additional training data, our semi-supervised model outperforms its strong-supervised counterpart by 6 mIOU on the PASCAL-Person-Part dataset [6], and we achieve state-of-the-art human parsing results. Our approach is general and can be readily extended to other object animal parsing task assuming that their anatomical similarity can be annotated by keypoints. The proposed model and accompanying source code will be made publicly available. In this work, the human parsing task, namely decomposing a human image into semantic fashion body regions, is formulated as an active template regression (ATR) problem, where the normalized mask of each fashion body item is expressed as the linear combination of the learned mask templates, and then morphed to a more precise mask with the active shape parameters, including position, scale and visibility of each semantic region. The mask template coefficients and the active shape parameters together can generate the human parsing results, and are thus called the structure outputs for human parsing. The deep Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) is utilized to build the end-to-end relation between the input human image and the structure outputs for human parsing. More specifically, the structure outputs are predicted by two separate networks. The first CNN network is with max-pooling, and designed to predict the template coefficients for each label mask, while the second CNN network is without max-pooling to preserve sensitivity to label mask position and accurately predict the active shape parameters. For a new image, the structure outputs of the two networks are fused to generate the probability of each label for each pixel, and super-pixel smoothing is finally used to refine the human parsing result. Comprehensive evaluations on a large dataset well demonstrate the significant superiority of the ATR framework over other state-of-the-arts for human parsing. In particular, the F1-score reaches @math percent by our ATR framework, significantly higher than @math percent based on the state-of-the-art algorithm [28] . We consider the problem of human parsing with part-based models. Most previous work in part-based models only considers rigid parts (e.g. torso, head, half limbs) guided by human anatomy. We argue that this representation of parts is not necessarily appropriate for human parsing. In this paper, we introduce hierarchical poselets–a new representation for human parsing. Hierarchical poselets can be rigid parts, but they can also be parts that cover large portions of human bodies (e.g. torso + left arm). In the extreme case, they can be the whole bodies. We develop a structured model to organize poselets in a hierarchical way and learn the model parameters in a max-margin framework. We demonstrate the superior performance of our proposed approach on two datasets with aggressive pose variations.