Technology market is continuing a rapid growth phase where different resource providers and Cloud Management Frameworks are positioning to provide ad-hoc solutions-as management interfaces, information discovery or billing-trying to differentiate from competitors resulting in incompatibilites between them when addressing more complex scenarios like federated clouds.Therefore, grasping interoperability problems present in current infrastructures by studying how existing and emerging standards could enhance the cloud user experience.In this paper we will review the current open challenges in Infrastructure as a Service cloud interoperability and federation, as well as point to the potential standards that should alleviate these problems. We will describe the main challenges regarding cloud federation and in-teroperability.We will showcase and review the existing and emerging standards that can be use to tackle the gaps in cloud federations.
G. Lewis @cite_55 report tackles several standardization areas such as workload management, data and cloud management APIs, concluding that there will be not a single standard for the cloud due to pressures and the influences of existing vendors. The author states that an agreement on a set of standards for each of the needed areas would reduce the migration efforts and enable the third generation of cloud systems.
@cite_55
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Cloud computing has gaining importance in the recent past due to the conjunction of well-known key features, such as virtualization and pay-by-use, which together form an innovative concept. Even if cloud computing does not have a widely accepted definition, it has been used for many companies to deploy its infrastructures and promote their business. However, the lack of standards seems to be a drawback related to interoperability and optimization issues. Convenient actions like changing cloud providers, and or exchange data information between clouds may be an arduous work for its customers. Therefore, this paper presents major considerations regarding the lack of cloud standards and pointing why this is considered to be a problem. Furthermore, scenarios are discussed, which are desired to make use of cloud interoperabilityand which are currently initiatives addressing cloud standards issues. This leads to a set of important observations towards a solution solving the interoperability and standardization problem. In cloud computing, interoperability typically refers to the ability to easily move workloads and data from one cloud provider to another or between private and public clouds. A common tactic for enabling interoperability is the use of open standards, so there is currently a large amount of active work in standards development for the Cloud. This paper explores the role of standards in cloud-computing interoperability. It covers standard-related efforts, discusses several cloud interoperability use cases, and provides some recommendations for moving forward with cloud-computing adoption regardless of the maturity of standards for the cloud. In this paper, cloud computing standards are discussed. The basic idea of cloud computing is simple: centralized service organizations maintain and support IT services, freeing users from nearly all operational and administrative burdens. These service organizations are often subdivided based on whether they provide software-as-a service, platform-as-a-service, and infrastructure as-a-service, but their need for standards appear similar. The biggest need is for evaluative standards that let customers assess the security and reliability of cloud vendors. The adoption of the Cloud computing concept and its market development are nowadays hindered by the problem of application, data and service portability between Clouds. Open application programming interfaces, standards and protocols, as well as their early integration in the software stack of the new technological offers, are the key elements towards a widely accepted solution and the basic requirements for the further development of Cloud applications. An approach for a new set of APIs for Cloud application development is discussed in this paper from the point of view of portability. The first available, proof-of-the-concept, prototype implementation of the proposed API is integrated in a new open-source deployable Cloudware, namely mOSAIC, designed to deal with multiple Cloud usage scenarios and providing further solutions for portability beyond the API.