Many Web portals allow users to associate additional information with existing multimedia resources such as images, audio, and video. However, these portals are usually closed systems and user-generated annotations are almost always kept locked up and remain inaccessible to the Web of Data. We believe that an important step to take is the integration of multimedia annotations and the Linked Data principles. We present the current state of the Open Annotation Model, explain our design rationale, and describe how the model can represent user annotations on multimedia Web resources. Applying this model in Web portals and devices, which support user annotations, should allow clients to easily publish and consume, thus exchange annotations on multimedia Web resources via common Web standards.
Annotations have a long research history, and unsurprisingly the research perspectives and interpretations of what an is supposed to be vary widely. @cite_24 provide a comprehensive study on the contours and complexity of annotations. A representative discussion on how annotations can be used in various scholarly disciplines is given by Bradley @cite_30 . He describes how annotations can support interpretation development by collecting notes, classifying resources, and identifying novel relationships between resources.
@cite_24 @cite_30
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This paper provides a comprehensive study on annotations by defining their contours and complexity. This work adds a new complementary approach to the usual case and user studies, and also investigates history in order to benefit from previous knowledge and our cultural heritage. This study emphasizes an aspect which has never previously been taken into account: the temporal dimension involved in annotations. Moreover, it discusses both the notion of hypertext between documents and annotations and the idea of annotations as context for documents. The study gives the necessary historical and cultural background to derive a set of key features of annotations that must be taken into account when designing systems that have to support the management of digital annotations on digital contents. Today people typically read and annotate printed documents even if they are obtained from electronic sources like digital libraries If there is a reason for them to share these personal annotations online, they must re-enter them. Given the advent of better computer support for reading and annotation, including tablet interfaces, will people ever share their personal digital ink annotations as is, or will they make substantial changes to them? What can we do to anticipate and support the transition from personal to public annotations? To investigate these questions, we performed a study to characterize and compare students' personal annotations as they read assigned papers with those they shared with each other using an online system. By analyzing over 1, 700 annotations, we confirmed three hypotheses: (1) only a small fraction of annotations made while reading are directly related to those shared in discussion; (2) some types of annotations - those that consist of anchors in the text coupled with margin notes - are more apt to be the basis of public commentary than other types of annotations; and (3) personal annotations undergo dramatic changes when they are shared in discussion, both in content and in how they are anchored to the source document. We then use these findings to explore ways to support the transition from personal to public annotations. In this paper, we argue that an annotation scheme for argumentation mining is a function of the task requirements and the corpus properties. There is no one-size-fits-all argumentation theory to be applied to realistic data on the Web. In two annotation studies, we experiment with 80 German newspaper editorials from the Web and about one thousand English documents from forums, comments, and blogs. Our example topics are taken from the educational domain. To formalize the problem of annotating arguments, in the first case, we apply a Claim-Premise scheme, and in the second case, we modify Toulmin's scheme. We find that the choice of the argument components to be annotated strongly depends on the register, the length of the document, and inherently on the literary devices and structures used for expressing argumentation. We hope that these findings will facilitate the creation of reliably annotated argumentation corpora for a wide range of tasks and corpus types and will help to bridge the gap between argumentation theories and actual application needs. Annotation plays an important role in conveying key points in visual data-driven storytelling; it helps presenters explain and emphasize core messages and specific data. However, the visualization research community has a limited understanding of annotation and its role in data-driven storytelling, and existing charting software provides limited support for creating annotations. In this paper, we characterize a design space of chart annotations, one informed by a survey of 106 annotated charts published by six prominent news graphics desks. Using this design space, we designed and developed ChartAccent, a tool that allows people to quickly and easily augment charts via a palette of annotation interactions that generate manual and data-driven annotations. We also report on a study in which participants reproduced a series of annotated charts using ChartAccent, beginning with unadorned versions of the same charts. Finally, we discuss the lessons learned during the process of designing and evaluating ChartAccent, and suggest directions for future research.