We present a solver for the 2D high-frequency Helmholtz equation in heterogeneous acoustic media, with online parallel complexity that scales optimally as @math , where @math is the number of volume unknowns, and @math is the number of processors, as long as @math grows at most like a small fractional power of @math . The solver decomposes the domain into layers, and uses transmission conditions in boundary integral form to explicitly define "polarized traces", i.e., up- and down-going waves sampled at interfaces. Local direct solvers are used in each layer to precompute traces of local Green's functions in an embarrassingly parallel way (the offline part), and incomplete Green's formulas are used to propagate interface data in a sweeping fashion, as a preconditioner inside a GMRES loop (the online part). Adaptive low-rank partitioning of the integral kernels is used to speed up their application to interface data. The method uses second-order finite differences. The complexity scalings are empirical but motivated by an analysis of ranks of off-diagonal blocks of oscillatory integrals. They continue to hold in the context of standard geophysical community models such as BP and Marmousi 2, where convergence occurs in 5 to 10 GMRES iterations.
, developped an additive Schwarz iteration coupled with coarse grid preconditioner based on an eigenvalue decomposition of the DtN maps inside each subdomain @cite_72 ;
@cite_72
1994793184 2083690159 2053608672 2025033760
A new domain decomposition method is presented for the exterior Helmholtz problem. The nonlocal Dirichlet-to-Neumann (DtN) map is used as a nonreflecting condition on the outer computational boundary. The computational domain is divided into nonoverlapping subdomains with Sommerfeld-type conditions on the adjacent subdomain boundaries to ensure uniqueness. An iterative scheme is developed, where independent subdomain boundary-value problems are obtained by applying the DtN operator to values from the previous iteration. The independent problems are then discretized with finite elements and can be solved concurrently. Numerical results are presented for a two-dimensional model problem, and both the solution accuracy and convergence rate are investigated. We present a novel boundary integral formulation of the Helmholtz transmission problem for bounded composite scatterers (that is, piecewise constant material parameters in "subdomains") that directly lends itself to operator preconditioning via Calderon projectors. The method relies on local traces on subdomains and weak enforcement of transmission conditions. The variational formulation is set in Cartesian products of standard Dirichlet and special Neumann trace spaces for which restriction and extension by zero are well defined. In particular, the Neumann trace spaces over each subdomain boundary are built as piecewise @math -distributions over each associated interface. Through the use of interior Calderon projectors, the problem is cast in variational Galerkin form with an operator matrix whose diagonal is composed of block boundary integral operators associated with the subdomains. We show existence and uniqueness of solutions based on an extension of Lions' projection lemma for non-closed subspaces. We also investigate asymptotic quasi-optimality of conforming boundary element Galerkin discretization. Numerical experiments in 2-D confirm the efficacy of the method and a performance matching that of another widely used boundary element discretization. They also demonstrate its amenability to different types of preconditioning. We present a detailed convergence analysis of preconditioned MINRES for approximately solving the linear systems that arise when Rayleigh quotient iteration is used to compute the lowest eigenpair of a symmetric positive definite matrix. We provide insight into the initial stagnation of MINRES iteration in both a qualitative and quantitative way and show that the convergence of MINRES mainly depends on how quickly the unique negative eigenvalue of the preconditioned shifted coefficient matrix is approximated by its corresponding harmonic Ritz value. By exploring when the negative Ritz value appears in MINRES iteration, we obtain a better understanding of the limitation of preconditioned MINRES in this context and the virtue of a new type of preconditioner with “tuning.” A comparison of MINRES with SYMMLQ in this context is also given. Finally, we show that tuning based on a rank-2 modification can be applied with little additional cost to guarantee positive definiteness of the tuned preconditioner. An algebraic multilevel (ML) preconditioner is presented for the Helmholtz equation in heterogeneous media. It is based on a multilevel incomplete @math factorization and preserves the inherent (complex) symmetry of the Helmholtz equation. The ML preconditioner incorporates two key components for efficiency and numerical stability: symmetric maximum weight matchings and an inverse-based pivoting strategy. The former increases the block-diagonal dominance of the system, whereas the latter controls @math for numerical stability. When applied recursively, their combined effect yields an algebraic coarsening strategy, similar to algebraic multigrid methods, even for highly indefinite matrices. The ML preconditioner is combined with a Krylov subspace method and applied as a “black-box” solver to a series of challenging two- and three-dimensional test problems, mainly from geophysical seismic imaging. The numerical results demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of the ML preconditioner, even at higher frequency regimes.