In this paper, we empirically demonstrate the growing importance of reliability by measuring its effect on user behavior. We present an approach for broadband reliability characterization using data collected by many emerging national initiatives to study broadband and apply it to the data gathered by the Federal Communications Commission's Measuring Broadband America project. Motivated by our findings, we present the design, implementation, and evaluation of a practical approach for improving the reliability of broadband Internet access with multihoming.
Beyond improvements in access link technology, one way to enhance the reliability of access networks is through redundancy. @cite_24 propose a detouring approach to recover from Internet path failures. improved web availability with their system, MONET, an overlay network of multihomed proxy servers @cite_1 . We have seen the recent introduction of consumer-grade residential gateways that support a second WAN connection (such as a 3G or 4G modem) @cite_52 and some work exploring the performance benefits of the on-loading of broadband traffic using a 3G connection @cite_30 . Det presented MiMBox, a system for translating between TCP and MPTCP connections at the middlebox @cite_3 . Other works have explored the benefits of using MPTCP on mobile devices @cite_12 @cite_34 and the possibility of bonding multiple access links (such as DSL and cable) to increase performance @cite_16 @cite_54 @cite_19 .
@cite_30 @cite_54 @cite_1 @cite_52 @cite_3 @cite_16 @cite_24 @cite_19 @cite_34 @cite_12
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Multipath TCP (MPTCP) is a major modification to TCP that enables a single transport connection to use multiple paths. Smartphones can benefit from MPTCP by using both WiFi and 3G 4G interfaces for their data-traffic, potentially improving the performance and allowing mobility through vertical handover. However, MPTCP requires a modification of the end hosts, thus suffers from the chicken-and-egg deployment problem. A global deployment of MPTCP is therefore expected to take years. To increase the incentives for clients and servers to upgrade their system, we propose MiMBox an efficient protocol converter that can translate MPTCP into TCP and vice versa to provide multipath benefits to early adopters of MPTCP. MiMBox is application agnostic and can be used transparently or explicitly. Moreover, a close attention was paid to the implementation's design to achieve good forwarding performance. MiMBox is implemented entirely in the Linux kernel so that it is able to more easily circumvent the bottlenecks of a user-space implementation. Measurements show that we always outperform user-space solutions and that the performance is close to plain IP packet forwarding. Despite the increasing degree of multi-homing, path and data redundancy, and capacity available in the Internet, today's clients experience outage rates of a few percent when accessing Web sites. MONET ("Multi-homed Overlay NETwork), is a new system that improves client availability to Web sites using a combination of link multi-homing and a cooperative overlay network of peer proxies to obtain a diverse collection of paths between clients and Web sites. This approach creates many potential paths between clients and Web sites, requiring a scalable way to selecting a good path. MONET solves this problem using a waypoint selection algorithm, which picks a good small subset of all available paths to actively probe. MONET runs on FreeBSD, Linux, and Mac OS X, and is deployed at six different sites. These installations have been running MONET for over one year, serving about fifty users on a daily basis. Our analysis of proxy traces shows that the proxy network avoids between 60 and 94 of observed failures, including access link failures, Internet routing problems, persistent path congestion, and DNS failures. The proxy avoids nearly 100 of failures due to client and wide-area network failures, with negligible overhead. Recent advances in signal processing have demonstrated in-band full-duplex capability at WiFi ranges. In addition to simultaneous two-way exchange between two nodes, full-duplex access points can potentially support simultaneous uplink and downlink flows. However, the atomic three-node topology, which allows simultaneous uplink and downlink, leads to inter-client interference. In this paper, we propose a random-access medium access control protocol using distributed power control to manage inter-client interference in wireless networks with full-duplex-capable access points that serve half-duplex clients. Our key contributions are two-fold. First, we identify the regimes in which power control provides sum throughput gains for the three-node atomic topology, with one uplink flow and one downlink flow. Second, we develop and benchmark PoCMAC, a full 802.11-based protocol that allows distributed selection of a three-node topology. The proposed MAC protocol is shown to achieve higher capacity as compared to an equivalent half-duplex counterpart, while maintaining similar fairness characteristics in single contention domain networks. We carried out extensive simulations and software-defined radio-based experiments to evaluate the performance of the proposed MAC protocol, which is shown to achieve a significant improvement over its half-duplex counterpart in terms of throughput performance. The latest large-scale data centers offer higher aggregate bandwidth and robustness by creating multiple paths in the core of the net- work. To utilize this bandwidth requires different flows take different paths, which poses a challenge. In short, a single-path transport seems ill-suited to such networks. We propose using Multipath TCP as a replacement for TCP in such data centers, as it can effectively and seamlessly use available bandwidth, giving improved throughput and better fairness on many topologies. We investigate what causes these benefits, teasing apart the contribution of each of the mechanisms used by MPTCP. Using MPTCP lets us rethink data center networks, with a different mindset as to the relationship between transport protocols, rout- ing and topology. MPTCP enables topologies that single path TCP cannot utilize. As a proof-of-concept, we present a dual-homed variant of the FatTree topology. With MPTCP, this outperforms FatTree for a wide range of workloads, but costs the same. In existing data centers, MPTCP is readily deployable leveraging widely deployed technologies such as ECMP. We have run MPTCP on Amazon EC2 and found that it outperforms TCP by a factor of three when there is path diversity. But the biggest benefits will come when data centers are designed for multipath transports.