This work provides a comprehensive analysis on naturalistic driving behavior for highways based on the highD data set. Two thematic fields are considered. First, some macroscopic and microscopic traffic statistics are provided. These include the traffic flow rate and the traffic density, as well as velocity, acceleration and distance distributions. Additionally, the dependencies to each other are examined and compared to related work. The second part investigates the distributions of criticality measures. The Time-To-Collision, Time-Headway and a third measure, which couples both, are analyzed. These measures are also combined with other indicators. Scenarios, in which these measures reach a critical level, are separately discussed. The results are compared to related work as well. The two main contributions of this work can be stated as follows. First, the analysis on the criticality measures can be used to find suitable thresholds for rare traffic scenarios. Second, the statistics provided in this work can also be utilized for traffic modeling, for example in simulation environments.
A survey on motion prediction and risk assessment considers various aspects on motion prediction and the risk definition. The authors highlight, that the risk definition is influenced by the choice of the motion model @cite_11 . Besides deterministic risk indicators like TTC, which assume a collision, probabilistic measures are discussed as well. The probabilistic collision predictions take the uncertainty of the predicted trajectories of the human driven ego vehicle and the surrounding objects into account.
@cite_11
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Computer-vision based collision risk assessment is important in collision detection and obstacle avoidance tasks. We present an approach to determine both time to collision (TTC) and collision risk for semi-rigid obstacles from videos obtained with an uncalibrated camera. TTC for a body moving relative to the camera can be calculated using the ratio of its image size and its time derivative. In order to compute this ratio, we utilize the local scale change and motion information obtained from detection and tracking of feature points, wherein lies the chief novelty of our approach. Using the same local scale change and motion information, we also propose a measure of collision risk for obstacles moving along different trajectories relative to the camera optical axis. Using videos of pedestrians captured in a controlled experimental setup, in which ground truth can be established, we demonstrate the accuracy of our TTC and collision risk estimation approach for different walking trajectories.