Videos for outdoor scene often show unpleasant blur effects due to the large relative motion between the camera and the dynamic objects and large depth variations. Existing works typically focus monocular video deblurring. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to deblurring from stereo videos. In particular, we exploit the piece-wise planar assumption about the scene and leverage the scene flow information to deblur the image. Unlike the existing approach [31] which used a pre-computed scene flow, we propose a single framework to jointly estimate the scene flow and deblur the image, where the motion cues from scene flow estimation and blur information could reinforce each other, and produce superior results than the conventional scene flow estimation or stereo deblurring methods. We evaluate our method extensively on two available datasets and achieve significant improvement in flow estimation and removing the blur effect over the state-of-the-art methods.
As depth can significantly simplify the deblurring problem, the multi-view methods have been proposed to leverage on depth information. Building upon the work of Ezra and Nayar @cite_32 , Li al @cite_33 extended the hybrid camera with an additional low-resolution video camera where two low-resolution cameras form a stereo pair and provide a low-resolution depth map. Tai al @cite_0 used a hybrid camera system to compute a pixel-wise kernel with optical flow. Xu al @cite_21 inferred depth from two blur images captured by a stereo camera and proposed a hierarchical estimation framework to remove motion blur caused by in-plane translation. Just recently, Sellent al @cite_28 proposed a video deblurring technique based on stereo video, where 3D scene flow is estimated from blur images using a piecewise rigid 3D scene flow representation.
@cite_33 @cite_28 @cite_21 @cite_32 @cite_0
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We present a hybrid camera that combines the advantages of a high resolution camera and a high speed camera. Our hybrid camera consists of a pair of low-resolution high-speed (LRHS) cameras and a single high-resolution low-speed (HRLS) camera. The LRHS cameras are able to capture fast-motion with little motion blur. They also form a stereo pair and provide a low-resolution depth map. The HRLS camera provides a high spatial resolution but also introduces severe motion blur when capturing fast moving objects. We develop efficient algorithms to simultaneously motion-deblur the HRLS image and reconstruct a high resolution depth map. Our method estimates the motion flow in the LRHS pair and then warps the flow field to the HRLS camera to estimate the point spread function (PSF). We then deblur the HRLS image and use the resulting image to enhance the low-resolution depth map using joint bilateral filters. We demonstrate the hybrid camera in depth map super-resolution and motion deblurring with spatially varying kernels. Experiments show that our framework is robust and highly effective. State-of-the-art video deblurring methods cannot handle blurry videos recorded in dynamic scenes since they are built under a strong assumption that the captured scenes are static. Contrary to the existing methods, we propose a new video deblurring algorithm that can deal with general blurs inherent in dynamic scenes. To handle general and locally varying blurs caused by various sources, such as moving objects, camera shake, depth variation, and defocus, we estimate pixel-wise varying non-uniform blur kernels. We infer bidirectional optical flows to handle motion blurs, and also estimate Gaussian blur maps to remove optical blur from defocus. Therefore, we propose a single energy model that jointly estimates optical flows, defocus blur maps and latent frames. We also provide a framework and efficient solvers to minimize the proposed energy model. By optimizing the energy model, we achieve significant improvements in removing general blurs, estimating optical flows, and extending depth-of-field in blurry frames. Moreover, in this work, to evaluate the performance of non-uniform deblurring methods objectively, we have constructed a new realistic dataset with ground truths. In addition, extensive experimental results on publicly available challenging videos demonstrate that the proposed method produces qualitatively superior performance than the state-of-the-art methods which often fail in either deblurring or optical flow estimation. Motion blur frequently occurs in dense 3D reconstruction using a single moving camera, and it degrades the quality of the 3D reconstruction. To handle motion blur caused by rapid camera shakes, we propose a blur-aware depth reconstruction method, which utilizes a pixel correspondence that is obtained by considering the effect of motion blur. Motion blur is dependent on 3D geometry, thus parameter zing blurred appearance of images with scene depth given camera motion is possible and a depth map can be accurately estimated from the blur-considered pixel correspondence. The estimated depth is then converted into pixel-wise blur kernels, and non-uniform motion blur is easily removed with low computational cost. The obtained blur kernel is depth-dependent, thus it effectively addresses scene-depth variation, which is a challenging problem in conventional non-uniform deblurring methods. We propose a novel approach to reduce spatially varying motion blur using a hybrid camera system that simultaneously captures high-resolution video at a low-frame rate together with low-resolution video at a high-frame rate. Our work is inspired by Ben-Ezra and Nayar who introduced the hybrid camera idea for correcting global motion blur for a single still image. We broaden the scope of the problem to address spatially varying blur as well as video imagery. We also reformulate the correction process to use more information available in the hybrid camera system, as well as iteratively refine spatially varying motion extracted from the low-resolution high-speed camera. We demonstrate that our approach achieves superior results over existing work and can be extended to deblurring of moving objects. Several state-of-the-art video deblurring methods are based on a strong assumption that the captured scenes are static. These methods fail to deblur blurry videos in dynamic scenes. We propose a video deblurring method to deal with general blurs inherent in dynamic scenes, contrary to other methods. To handle locally varying and general blurs caused by various sources, such as camera shake, moving objects, and depth variation in a scene, we approximate pixel-wise kernel with bidirectional optical flows. Therefore, we propose a single energy model that simultaneously estimates optical flows and latent frames to solve our deblurring problem. We also provide a framework and efficient solvers to optimize the energy model. By minimizing the proposed energy function, we achieve significant improvements in removing blurs and estimating accurate optical flows in blurry frames. Extensive experimental results demonstrate the superiority of the proposed method in real and challenging videos that state-of-the-art methods fail in either deblurring or optical flow estimation. Videos acquired in low-light conditions often exhibit motion blur, which depends on the motion of the objects relative to the camera. This is not only visually unpleasing, but can hamper further processing. With this paper we are the first to show how the availability of stereo video can aid the challenging video deblurring task. We leverage 3D scene flow, which can be estimated robustly even under adverse conditions. We go beyond simply determining the object motion in two ways: First, we show how a piecewise rigid 3D scene flow representation allows to induce accurate blur kernels via local homographies. Second, we exploit the estimated motion boundaries of the 3D scene flow to mitigate ringing artifacts using an iterative weighting scheme. Being aware of 3D object motion, our approach can deal robustly with an arbitrary number of independently moving objects. We demonstrate its benefit over state-of-the-art video deblurring using quantitative and qualitative experiments on rendered scenes and real videos. We describe a novel approach to reduce spatially varying motion blur in video and images using a hybrid camera system. A hybrid camera is a standard video camera that is coupled with an auxiliary low-resolution camera sharing the same optical path but capturing at a significantly higher frame rate. The auxiliary video is temporally sharper but at a lower resolution, while the lower frame-rate video has higher spatial resolution but is susceptible to motion blur. Our deblurring approach uses the data from these two video streams to reduce spatially varying motion blur in the high-resolution camera with a technique that combines both deconvolution and super-resolution. Our algorithm also incorporates a refinement of the spatially varying blur kernels to further improve results. Our approach can reduce motion blur from the high-resolution video as well as estimate new high-resolution frames at a higher frame rate. Experimental results on a variety of inputs demonstrate notable improvement over current state-of-the-art methods in image video deblurring. Scene depth variation is an important factor that leads to spatially-varying camera motion blur. Most of the previous methods require auxiliary cameras or user interaction to make depth-aware deblurring tractable. In this work, we propose to use a noisy blurred noisy image sequence and simultaneously recorded inertial measurements to jointly estimate scene depth and remove spatially-varying blur caused by depth variation and camera in-plane motion. The inertial data could provide initialization of camera motion parameters, while the noisy image pair preserve large-scale sharp edges from which a coarse disparity map can be generated. However, this initial estimate is not accurate enough to produce a high-quality clean image. Therefore, we develop an optimization scheme to refine depth, motion parameters and latent image alternately. A Markov Random Field (MRF) framework is formulated to solve for the depth map by exploiting both stereo cues and motion blur cues and the residual Richardson-Lucy algorithm is used to effectively suppress deconvolution ringing artifacts. Experimental results demonstrate that our approach can address both depth estimation as well as image deblurring. We address the problem of estimating the latent image of a static bilayer scene (consisting of a foreground and a background at different depths) from motion blurred observations captured with a handheld camera. The camera motion is considered to be composed of in-plane rotations and translations. Since the blur at an image location depends both on camera motion and depth, deblurring becomes a difficult task. We initially propose a method to estimate the transformation spread function (TSF) corresponding to one of the depth layers. The estimated TSF (which reveals the camera motion during exposure) is used to segment the scene into the foreground and background layers and determine the relative depth value. The deblurred image of the scene is finally estimated within a regularization framework by accounting for blur variations due to camera motion as well as depth. The conventional methods for estimating camera poses and scene structures from severely blurry or low resolution images often result in failure. The off-the-shelf deblurring or super-resolution methods may show visually pleasing results. However, applying each technique independently before matching is generally unprofitable because this naive series of procedures ignores the consistency between images. In this paper, we propose a pioneering unified framework that solves four problems simultaneously, namely, dense depth reconstruction, camera pose estimation, super-resolution, and deblurring. By reflecting a physical imaging process, we formulate a cost minimization problem and solve it using an alternating optimization technique. The experimental results on both synthetic and real videos show high-quality depth maps derived from severely degraded images that contrast the failures of naive multi-view stereo methods. Our proposed method also produces outstanding deblurred and super-resolved images unlike the independent application or combination of conventional video deblurring, super-resolution methods. Learning to estimate 3D geometry in a single image by watching unlabeled videos via deep convolutional network has made significant process recently. Current state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods, are based on the learning framework of rigid structure-from-motion, where only 3D camera ego motion is modeled for geometry estimation. However, moving objects also exist in many videos, e.g. moving cars in a street scene. In this paper, we tackle such motion by additionally incorporating per-pixel 3D object motion into the learning framework, which provides holistic 3D scene flow understanding and helps single image geometry estimation. Specifically, given two consecutive frames from a video, we adopt a motion network to predict their relative 3D camera pose and a segmentation mask distinguishing moving objects and rigid background. An optical flow network is used to estimate dense 2D per-pixel correspondence. A single image depth network predicts depth maps for both images. The four types of information, i.e. 2D flow, camera pose, segment mask and depth maps, are integrated into a differentiable holistic 3D motion parser (HMP), where per-pixel 3D motion for rigid background and moving objects are recovered. We design various losses w.r.t. the two types of 3D motions for training the depth and motion networks, yielding further error reduction for estimated geometry. Finally, in order to solve the 3D motion confusion from monocular videos, we combine stereo images into joint training. Experiments on KITTI 2015 dataset show that our estimated geometry, 3D motion and moving object masks, not only are constrained to be consistent, but also significantly outperforms other SOTA algorithms, demonstrating the benefits of our approach. Videos contain complex spatially-varying motion blur due to the combination of object motion, camera motion, and depth variation with finite shutter speeds. Existing methods to estimate optical flow, deblur the images, and segment the scene fail in such cases. In particular, boundaries between differently moving objects cause problems, because here the blurred images are a combination of the blurred appearances of multiple surfaces. We address this with a novel layered model of scenes in motion. From a motion-blurred video sequence, we jointly estimate the layer segmentation and each layer’s appearance and motion. Since the blur is a function of the layer motion and segmentation, it is completely determined by our generative model. Given a video, we formulate the optimization problem as minimizing the pixel error between the blurred frames and images synthesized from the model, and solve it using gradient descent. We demonstrate our approach on synthetic and real sequences. Camera shake during exposure time often results in spatially variant blur effect of the image. The non-uniform blur effect is not only caused by the camera motion, but also the depth variation of the scene. The objects close to the camera sensors are likely to appear more blurry than those at a distance in such cases. However, recent non-uniform deblurring methods do not explicitly consider the depth factor or assume fronto-parallel scenes with constant depth for simplicity. While single image non-uniform deblurring is a challenging problem, the blurry results in fact contain depth information which can be exploited. We propose to jointly estimate scene depth and remove non-uniform blur caused by camera motion by exploiting their underlying geometric relationships, with only single blurry image as input. To this end, we present a unified layer-based model for depth-involved deblurring. We provide a novel layer-based solution using matting to partition the layers and an expectation-maximization scheme to solve this problem. This approach largely reduces the number of unknowns and makes the problem tractable. Experiments on challenging examples demonstrate that both depth and camera shake removal can be well addressed within the unified framework. Motion blur due to camera motion can significantly degrade the quality of an image. Since the path of the camera motion can be arbitrary, deblurring of motion blurred images is a hard problem. Previous methods to deal with this problem have included blind restoration of motion blurred images, optical correction using stabilized lenses, and special CMOS sensors that limit the exposure time in the presence of motion. In this paper, we exploit the fundamental tradeoff between spatial resolution and temporal resolution to construct a hybrid camera that can measure its own motion during image integration. The acquired motion information is used to compute a point spread function (PSF) that represents the path of the camera during integration. This PSF is then used to deblur the image. To verify the feasibility of hybrid imaging for motion deblurring, we have implemented a prototype hybrid camera. This prototype system was evaluated in different indoor and outdoor scenes using long exposures and complex camera motion paths. The results show that, with minimal resources, hybrid imaging outperforms previous approaches to the motion blur problem. We describe a technique that automatically generates plausible depth maps from videos using non-parametric depth sampling. We demonstrate our technique in cases where past methods fail (non-translating cameras and dynamic scenes). Our technique is applicable to single images as well as videos. For videos, we use local motion cues to improve the inferred depth maps, while optical flow is used to ensure temporal depth consistency. For training and evaluation, we use a Kinect-based system to collect a large dataset containing stereoscopic videos with known depths. We show that our depth estimation technique outperforms the state-of-the-art on benchmark databases. Our technique can be used to automatically convert a monoscopic video into stereo for 3D visualization, and we demonstrate this through a variety of visually pleasing results for indoor and outdoor scenes, including results from the feature film Charade. We describe a technique that automatically generates plausible depth maps from videos using non-parametric depth sampling. We demonstrate our technique in cases where past methods fail (non-translating cameras and dynamic scenes). Our technique is applicable to single images as well as videos. For videos, we use local motion cues to improve the inferred depth maps, while optical flow is used to ensure temporal depth consistency. For training and evaluation, we use a Kinect-based system to collect a large data set containing stereoscopic videos with known depths. We show that our depth estimation technique outperforms the state-of-the-art on benchmark databases. Our technique can be used to automatically convert a monoscopic video into stereo for 3D visualization, and we demonstrate this through a variety of visually pleasing results for indoor and outdoor scenes, including results from the feature film Charade. In moving camera videos, motion segmentation is commonly performed using the image plane motion of pixels, or optical flow. However, objects that are at different depths from the camera can exhibit different optical flows even if they share the same real-world motion. This can cause a depth-dependent segmentation of the scene. Our goal is to develop a segmentation algorithm that clusters pixels that have similar real-world motion irrespective of their depth in the scene. Our solution uses optical flow orientations instead of the complete vectors and exploits the well-known property that under camera translation, optical flow orientations are independent of object depth. We introduce a probabilistic model that automatically estimates the number of observed independent motions and results in a labeling that is consistent with real-world motion in the scene. The result of our system is that static objects are correctly identified as one segment, even if they are at different depths. Color features and information from previous frames in the video sequence are used to correct occasional errors due to the orientation-based segmentation. We present results on more than thirty videos from different benchmarks. The system is particularly robust on complex background scenes containing objects at significantly different depths. Portable light field (LF) cameras have demonstrated capabilities beyond conventional cameras. In a single snapshot, they enable digital image refocusing and 3D reconstruction. We show that they obtain a larger depth of field but maintain the ability to reconstruct detail at high resolution. In fact, all depths are approximately focused, except for a thin slab where blur size is bounded, i.e., their depth of field is essentially inverted compared to regular cameras. Crucial to their success is the way they sample the LF, trading off spatial versus angular resolution, and how aliasing affects the LF. We show that applying traditional multiview stereo methods to the extracted low-resolution views can result in reconstruction errors due to aliasing. We address these challenges using an explicit image formation model, and incorporate Lambertian and texture preserving priors to reconstruct both scene depth and its superresolved texture in a variational Bayesian framework, eliminating aliasing by fusing multiview information. We demonstrate the method on synthetic and real images captured with our LF camera, and show that it can outperform other computational camera systems. Most state-of-the-art dynamic scene deblurring methods based on accurate motion segmentation assume that motion blur is small or that the specific type of motion causing the blur is known. In this paper, we study a motion segmentation-free dynamic scene deblurring method, which is unlike other conventional methods. When the motion can be approximated to linear motion that is locally (pixel-wise) varying, we can handle various types of blur caused by camera shake, including out-of-plane motion, depth variation, radial distortion, and so on. Thus, we propose a new energy model simultaneously estimating motion flow and the latent image based on robust total variation (TV)-L1 model. This approach is necessary to handle abrupt changes in motion without segmentation. Furthermore, we address the problem of the traditional coarse-to-fine deblurring framework, which gives rise to artifacts when restoring small structures with distinct motion. We thus propose a novel kernel re-initialization method which reduces the error of motion flow propagated from a coarser level. Moreover, a highly effective convex optimization-based solution mitigating the computational difficulties of the TV-L1 model is established. Comparative experimental results on challenging real blurry images demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method. In this chapter, a technique that automatically generates plausible depth maps from videos using nonparametric depth sampling is discussed. We demonstrate this method in cases where existing methods fail (nontranslating cameras and dynamic scenes). This technique is applicable to single images as well as videos. For videos, local motion cues are used to improve the inferred depth maps, while optical flow is used to ensure temporal depth consistency. For training and evaluation, a Microsoft Kinect-based system is developed to collect a large dataset containing stereoscopic videos with known depths, and this depth estimation technique outperforms the state-of-the-art on benchmark databases. This method can be used to automatically convert a monoscopic video into stereo for 3D visualization demonstrated through a variety of visually pleasing results for indoor and outdoor scenes, including results from the feature film Charade.