We aim to study the multi-scale receptive fields of a single convolutional neural network to detect faces of varied scales. This paper presents our Multi-Scale Receptive Field Face Detector (MSFD), which has superior performance on detecting faces at different scales and enjoys real-time inference speed. MSFD agglomerates context and texture by hierarchical structure. More additional information and rich receptive field bring significant improvement but generate marginal time consumption. We simultaneously propose an anchor assignment strategy which can cover faces with a wide range of scales to improve the recall rate of small faces and rotated faces. To reduce the false positive rate, we train our detector with focal loss which keeps the easy samples from overwhelming. As a result, MSFD reaches superior results on the FDDB, Pascal-Faces and WIDER FACE datasets, and can run at 31 FPS on GPU for VGA-resolution images.
Naturally, face detection can be regarded as a special case for generic object detection, the framework of which may also be transfered to fit the face detection task. Faster R-CNN @cite_3 is one of the state-of-the-art detection pipelines composing of two stages. Based on that, Jiang . @cite_1 build a face detector and the performance is fairly good. Wan . @cite_20 and Sun . @cite_12 both add some effective stategies including hard example mining and feature fusion on Faster R-CNN in order to achieve better results, while CMS-RCNN @cite_7 attaches body contextual information as well. What's more, Wang . @cite_26 adopt another two-stage framework, R-FCN, to build their detector and state-of-the-art on FDDB dataset @cite_15 .
@cite_26 @cite_7 @cite_1 @cite_3 @cite_15 @cite_12 @cite_20
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Face detection has achieved great success using the region-based methods. In this report, we propose a region-based face detector applying deep networks in a fully convolutional fashion, named Face R-FCN. Based on Region-based Fully Convolutional Networks (R-FCN), our face detector is more accurate and computational efficient compared with the previous R-CNN based face detectors. In our approach, we adopt the fully convolutional Residual Network (ResNet) as the backbone network. Particularly, We exploit several new techniques including position-sensitive average pooling, multi-scale training and testing and on-line hard example mining strategy to improve the detection accuracy. Over two most popular and challenging face detection benchmarks, FDDB and WIDER FACE, Face R-FCN achieves superior performance over state-of-the-arts. While deep learning based methods for generic object detection have improved rapidly in the last two years, most approaches to face detection are still based on the R-CNN framework [11], leading to limited accuracy and processing speed. In this paper, we investigate applying the Faster RCNN [26], which has recently demonstrated impressive results on various object detection benchmarks, to face detection. By training a Faster R-CNN model on the large scale WIDER face dataset [34], we report state-of-the-art results on the WIDER test set as well as two other widely used face detection benchmarks, FDDB and the recently released IJB-A. State-of-the-art object detection networks depend on region proposal algorithms to hypothesize object locations. Advances like SPPnet and Fast R-CNN have reduced the running time of these detection networks, exposing region proposal computation as a bottleneck. In this work, we introduce a Region Proposal Network (RPN) that shares full-image convolutional features with the detection network, thus enabling nearly cost-free region proposals. An RPN is a fully convolutional network that simultaneously predicts object bounds and objectness scores at each position. The RPN is trained end-to-end to generate high-quality region proposals, which are used by Fast R-CNN for detection. We further merge RPN and Fast R-CNN into a single network by sharing their convolutional features---using the recently popular terminology of neural networks with 'attention' mechanisms, the RPN component tells the unified network where to look. For the very deep VGG-16 model, our detection system has a frame rate of 5fps (including all steps) on a GPU, while achieving state-of-the-art object detection accuracy on PASCAL VOC 2007, 2012, and MS COCO datasets with only 300 proposals per image. In ILSVRC and COCO 2015 competitions, Faster R-CNN and RPN are the foundations of the 1st-place winning entries in several tracks. Code has been made publicly available. Despite the maturity of face detection research, it remains difficult to compare different algorithms for face detection. This is partly due to the lack of common evaluation schemes. Also, existing data sets for evaluating face detection algorithms do not capture some aspects of face appearances that are manifested in real-world scenarios. In this work, we address both of these issues. We present a new data set of face images with more faces and more accurate annotations for face regions than in previous data sets. We also propose two rigorous and precise methods for evaluating the performance of face detection algorithms. We report results of several standard algorithms on the new benchmark. In this report, we present a new face detection scheme using deep learning and achieve the state-of-the-art detection performance on the well-known FDDB face detetion benchmark evaluation. In particular, we improve the state-of-the-art faster RCNN framework by combining a number of strategies, including feature concatenation, hard negative mining, multi-scale training, model pretraining, and proper calibration of key parameters. As a consequence, the proposed scheme obtained the state-of-the-art face detection performance, making it the best model in terms of ROC curves among all the published methods on the FDDB benchmark. Recently significant performance improvement in face detection was made possible by deeply trained convolutional networks. In this report, a novel approach for training state-of-the-art face detector is described. The key is to exploit the idea of hard negative mining and iteratively update the Faster R-CNN based face detector with the hard negatives harvested from a large set of background examples. We demonstrate that our face detector outperforms state-of-the-art detectors on the FDDB dataset, which is the de facto standard for evaluating face detection algorithms.