Gender bias is an increasingly important issue in sports journalism. In this work, we propose a language-model-based approach to quantify differences in questions posed to female vs. male athletes, and apply it to tennis post-match interviews. We find that journalists ask male players questions that are generally more focused on the game when compared with the questions they ask their female counterparts. We also provide a fine-grained analysis of the extent to which the salience of this bias depends on various factors, such as question type, game outcome or player rank.
In contrast with our work, prior investigations of bias in sport journalism rely on manual coding or are based on simple lists of manually defined keywords. These focus on bias with respect to race, nationality, and gender @cite_13 @cite_4 @cite_6 @cite_15 @cite_8 @cite_10 @cite_2 ; see van2010race for a review.
@cite_4 @cite_8 @cite_10 @cite_6 @cite_2 @cite_15 @cite_13
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This study used both qualitative and quantitative analyses to discern whether the narratives, metaphors, framing devices, and production practices in televised international athletic events differed by the race, ethnicity, or nationality of athletes. About 340 hours of videotapes of 7 televised international athletic events were used to study key aspects of production: (a) commentator descriptions of 161 athletes in 31 competitions, (b) 30 personal interviews drawn from 3 of the events under study, and (c) 5 opening and closing segments that commonly unify themes and metaphors and that produce the look of an event. Six major findings include the following: (a) efforts were made to provide fair treatment of athletes, (b) the treatment of race and ethnicity varied across productions, (c) little evidence of negative representations of Black athletes, (d) representations of Asian athletes drew on cultural stereotypes, (e) representations of Latino-Hispanic athletes were mixed, and (f) nationalistic bias was e... 1. Investigating the Biggest Show on Television 2. Meet the 'Framers': The Olympic Producers 3. Chronicling History: The Olympic Sportscasters 4. The Star-Spangled Games?: Nationalism and the Olympic Telecasts 5. Competing on the Same Stage: Gender and the Olympic Telecasts 6. Dialogue Differences in Black and White?: Ethnicity and the Olympic Telecasts 7. What do Americans Think Happened in Torino?: Examining Media Effects 8. Looking Forward by Looking Back: Reflections on the Olympic Telecasts The purpose of this study was to determine any significant differences in how reporters for newspapers and online sites framed men's and women's tennis. Articles on the 2007 U.S. Open in The Los Angeles Times, The New York Times, USA Today, and online sites produced by ESPN, Fox Sports, and Sports Illustrated were examined. Results showed newspapers were more likely to minimize the athleticism of female athletes, thus strengthening hegemonic masculinity more than the newer medium of online journalism, which produced mixed results. The words of sportscastersrepeated hundreds, even thousands, of times by different announcers in similar waysprovide a conceptual frame for the sports experience, and that mental frame has particular importance because fans often apply it to nonathletic situations. Contrary to assertions by some critics, analysis of 1,156 descriptors in sportscaster commentary during 66 televised men's and women's college basketball games showed no significant difference between the proportions of commentary and proportions of participating Black and White men players, but showed some overemphasis in comments about White women players. Predictably, Black men players tended to be stereotyped as naturally athletic, quick, and powerful, while White men players continued to be touted for their hard work, effort, and mental skill. The same racial stereotypes also appeared in the commentary about women basketball players, but few gender stereotypes emerged. Thus, increases in the numbers of Black and women game announcers may... Television is a cultural service and its national renderings of the Olympic Games contribute to the viewers’ understanding of themselves and the world. This study examines the representation of nationality and gender within Slovenian broadcasts of the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Results show that evaluative commentary comprised as much as 44 of the dialogue. ‘Home’ athletes were given more prominence, while foreign athletes were largely portrayed through quantifiable features. Male athletes received more commentary than females. Announcers favoured analysing results and predicting outcomes for men, and resorted to personality and physicality depictions in women. A critical discourse analysis uncovered notions about gender and nationality that would be deemed inappropriate in many societies. Sports journalists and broadcasters at TV Slovenija do not have explicit editorial policies addressing chauvinistic dialogue. The absence of a policy is not perceived as an issue as individual announcers abide to their per... Despite an emerging body of research on race and representation in televised sport, little is known about commentator practices and understandings, particularly in relation to the construction of racial difference. Based on interviews and analysis of commentary, the results of this study point to a complex interaction between embedded racist ideologies and media practices specific to live basketball coverage. Taken together, and despite the conscious intentions of commentators, these interactions appear to contribute to an ongoing ‘Othering’ of African Americans and men of color and the normalization of dominant white cultural understandings of difference.