New generations of distributed systems are opening novel perspectives for logic programming (LP): on the one hand, service-oriented architectures represent nowadays the standard approach for distributed systems engineering; on the other hand, pervasive systems mandate for situated intelligence. In this paper we introduce the notion of Logic Programming as a Service (LPaaS) as a means to address the needs of pervasive intelligent systems through logic engines exploited as a distributed service. First we define the abstract architectural model by re-interpreting classical LP notions in the new context; then we elaborate on the nature of LP interpreted as a service by describing the basic LPaaS interface. Finally, we show how LPaaS works in practice by discussing its implementation in terms of distributed tuProlog engines, accounting for basic issues such as interoperability and configurability.
The SOA paradigm is widely used in scenarios @cite_24 @cite_48 @cite_47 @cite_52 @cite_16 @cite_50 . Moreover, communication via REST enables the direct integration of SOA-ready devices (i.e. devices hosting native web services).
@cite_48 @cite_52 @cite_24 @cite_50 @cite_47 @cite_16
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The last years we are witnessing of rapid advances in the industrial automation domain, mainly driven by business needs towards agility and supported by new disruptive technologies. Future factories will rely on multi-system interactions and collaborative cross-layer management and automation approaches. Such a factory, configured and managed from architectural and behavioural viewpoints, under the service-oriented architecture (SOA) paradigm is virtualized by services exposed by its key components (both HW and SW). One of the main results of this virtualization is that the factory is transformed into a “cloud of services”, where dynamic resource allocation and interactions take place. This paper presents a view on such architecture, its specification, the main motivation and considerations, as well as the preliminary services it may need to support. Many efforts are centered around creating largescale networks of “smart things” found in the physical world (e.g., wireless sensor and actuator networks, embedded devices, tagged objects). Rather than exposing real-world data and functionality through proprietary and tightly-coupled systems, we propose to make them an integral part of the Web. As a result, smart things become easier to build upon. Popular Web languages (e.g., HTML, Python, JavaScript, PHP) can be used to easily build applications involving smart things and users can leverage wellknown Web mechanisms (e.g., browsing, searching, bookmarking, caching, linking) to interact and share these devices. In this paper, we begin by describing the Web of Things architecture and best-practices based on the RESTful principles that have already contributed to the popular success, scalability, and modularity of the traditional Web. We then discuss several prototypes designed in accordance with these principles to connect environmental sensor nodes and an energy monitoring system to the World Wide Web. We finally show how Web-enabled smart things can be used in lightweight ad-hoc applications called “physical mashups”. Highly scalable, resilient commodity hardware along with the availability of huge amounts of data allow consumers and companies to access to a wide range of high-value services through a pay-per-use, pay-as-you-go model. The increasing need for intelligent services at large scale is bringing providers to optimise the use of resources in order to meet the increasing web-scale demand. Programming models are evolving to address the high complexity of service composition, which need resiliency and efficiency. Algorithms and technologies for intelligent orchestration allow multiple owners of cloud and grid infrastructures to satisfy customer requirements and business constraints. We assist in the development of new architectures, frameworks, middlewares and computing models, as well as innovative applications, aimed at supporting scientists and business analysts in the development of unified computing frameworks and data analysis at large scale. This paper summarises a number of contributions given in the area of distributed cloud and grid computing, with particular emphasis on service orchestrations and emergent applications for high-value services. The Service Oriented approaches are seen as a key trend for managing the demanding future factory infrastructure. Within SOCRADES [1], an advanced infrastructure based on SOA has been designed and implemented in order to accommodate envisaged needs of the factory of the future. As a proof of concept, several prototypes have been implemented. Our goal was to demonstrate that we have realized a really innovative approach for device to business connectivity, which can have a significant impact on the business side, going well beyond existing approaches. We have made an evaluation of the SOCRADES approach for the automation domain, where we investigate the benefits and opportunities that may come from adopting the SOCRADES approach, such as cost reduction, improved performance and new opportunities. We also take a critical view on possible barriers or disadvantages such as technology and human related issues that may not make the SOCRADES vision a reality. The increasing usage of smart embedded devices in business blurs the line between the virtual and real worlds. This creates new opportunities to build applications that better integrate real-time state of the physical world, and hence, provides enterprise services that are highly dynamic, more diverse, and efficient. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) approaches traditionally used to couple functionality of heavyweight corporate IT systems, are becoming applicable to embedded real-world devices, i.e., objects of the physical world that feature embedded processing and communication. In such infrastructures, composed of large numbers of networked, resource-limited devices, the discovery of services and on-demand provisioning of missing functionality is a significant challenge. We propose a process and a suitable system architecture that enables developers and business process designers to dynamically query, select, and use running instances of real-world services (i.e., services running on physical devices) or even deploy new ones on-demand, all in the context of composite, real-world business applications.