By expanding the connection of objects to the Internet and their entry to human life, the issue of security and privacy has become important. In order to enhance security and privacy on the Internet, many security protocols have been developed. Unfortunately, the security analyzes that have been carried out on these protocols show that they are vulnerable to one or few attacks, which eliminates the use of these protocols. Therefore, the need for a security protocol on the Internet of Things (IoT) has not yet been resolved. Recently, Khor and Sidorov cryptanalyzed the protocol and presented an improved version of it. In this paper, at first, we show that this protocol also does not have sufficient security and so it is not recommended to be used in any application. More precisely, we present a full secret disclosure attack against this protocol, which extracted the whole secrets of the protocol by two communication with the target tag. In addition, recently proposed an ultralightweight mutual authentication RFID protocol for blockchain enabled supply chains, supported by formal and informal security proofs. However, we present a full secret disclosure attack against this protocol as well.
In the line of designing ultralightweight protocols, in @cite_7 , Tewari and Gupta proposed a new ultralightweight authentication protocol for IoT and claimed that their protocol satisfies all security requirements. However, in @cite_19 , an efficient passive secret disclosure attack is applied to this protocol. Moreover, in @cite_4 , Wang cryptanalyzed the Tewari and Gupta protocol and also proposed an improved version of it. This protocol later analysed by Khor and Sidorov @cite_16 , where they also proposed an improved protocol following the same designing paradigm. In this paper, we consider the security of this improved protocol which has been proposed by Khor and Sidorov, and for simplicity, we call it KSP (stands for Khor and Sidorov protocol) and show that KSP is vulnerable to desynchronization attack and also against secret disclosure attack.
@cite_19 @cite_16 @cite_4 @cite_7
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Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology in which for any object the ability to send data via communications networks is provided. Ensuring the security of Internet services and applications is an important factor in attracting users to use this platform. In the other words, if people are unable to trust that the equipment and information will be reasonably safe against damage, abuse and the other security threats, this lack of trust leads to a reduction in the use of IoT-based applications. Recently, Tewari and Gupta (J Supercomput 1–18, 2016) have proposed an ultralightweight RFID authentication protocol to provide desired security for objects in IoT. In this paper, we consider the security of the proposed protocol and present a passive secret disclosure attack against it. The success probability of the attack is ‘1’ while the complexity of the attack is only eavesdropping one session of the protocol. The presented attack has negligible complexity. We verify the correctness of the presented attack by simulation. Internet of Things (IoT) has stimulated great interest in many researchers owing to its capability to connect billions of physical devices to the internet via heterogeneous access network. Security is a paramount aspect of IoT that needs to be addressed urgently to keep sensitive data private. However, from previous research studies, a number of security flaws in terms of keeping data private can be identified. Tewari and Gupta proposed an ultra-lightweight mutual authentication pRotocol that utilizes bitwise operation to achieve security in IoT networks that use RFID tags. The pRotocol is improved by Wang et. al. to prevent a full key disclosure attack. However, this paper shows that both of the pRotocols are susceptible to full disclosure, man-in-the-middle, tracking, and de-synchronization attacks. A detailed security analysis is conducted and results are presented to prove their vulnerability. Based on the aforementioned analysis, the pRotocol is modified and improved using a three pass mutual authentication. GNY logic is used to formally verify the security of the pRotocol. Recently, Tewari and Gupta proposed a ultra-lightweight mutual authentication protocol in IoT environments for RFID tags. Their protocol aims to provide secure communication with least cost in both storage and computation. Unfortunately, in this paper, we exploit the vulnerability of this protocol. In this attack, an attacker can obtain the key shared between a back-end database server and a tag. We also explore the possibility in patching the system with some modifications. Internet of Things (IoT) is an evolving architecture which connects multiple devices to Internet for communication or receiving updates from a cloud or a server. In future, the number of these connected devices will increase immensely making them an indistinguishable part of our daily lives. Although these devices make our lives more comfortable, they also put our personal information at risk. Therefore, security of these devices is also a major concern today. In this paper, we propose an ultra-lightweight mutual authentication protocol which uses only bitwise operation and thus is very efficient in terms of storage and communication cost. In addition, the computation overhead is very low. We have also compared our proposed work with the existing ones which verifies the strength of our protocol, as obtained results are promising. A brief cryptanalysis of our protocol that ensures untraceability is also presented.