Internet of Things (IoT) has become a common paradigm for different domains such as health care, transportation infrastructure, smart home, smart shopping, and e-commerce. With its interoperable functionality, it is now possible to connect all domains of IoT together for providing competent services to the users. Because numerous IoT devices can connect and communicate at the same time, there can be events that trigger conflicting actions to an actuator or an environmental feature. However, there have been very few research efforts made to detect conflicting situation in IoT system using formal method. This paper provides a formal method approach, IoT Confict Checker (IoTC2), to ensure safety of controller and actuators' behavior with respect to conflicts. Any policy violation results in detection of the conflicts. We defined the safety policies for controller, actions, and triggering events and implemented the those with Prolog to prove the logical completeness and soundness. In addition to that, we have implemented the detection policies in Matlab Simulink Environment with its built-in Model Verification blocks. We created smart home environment in Simulink and showed how the conflicts affect actions and corresponding features. We have also experimented the scalability, efficiency, and accuracy of our method in the simulated environment.
Some preliminary work in the areas of formal modeling and verification for smart home @cite_16 @cite_14 , intelligent transportation system @cite_12 , and health Internet of Things @cite_2 has been done. The closest to this work in terms of detecting conflicts are Depsys @cite_9 , and HomeOS @cite_10 . Depsys specified and detected conflicts after collecting the functionalities of 35 smart apps used in smart home. It detects the conflicts after they have occurred and in order to solve the situation priorities have been set to the apps so that no two apps can access the same actuator. Our approach, on the other hand, detects conflicts as soon as an event is generated which may immediately cause an action or a set of actions that result in conflicts. We have left the automated resolution of conflicts as future work.
@cite_14 @cite_9 @cite_2 @cite_16 @cite_10 @cite_12
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The design of ambient intelligence applications in critical systems requires rigorous software-engineering-oriented approaches. Drawing on practical experience, the authors propose a set of formal tools and a specification process for AmI design activities and artifacts. As sensor and actuator networks mature, they become a core utility of smart homes like electricity and water and enable the running of many CPS applications. Like other Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs), when a number of applications share physical world entities, it raises many systems of systems interdependency problems. Such problems arise in the cyber part mainly because each application has assumptions on the physical world entities without knowing how other applications work. In this work, we propose DepSys, a utility sensing and actuation infrastructure for smart homes that provides comprehensive strategies to specify, detect, and resolve conflicts in a home setting. Based on real home data, we demonstrate the severity of conflicts when multiple CPSs are integrated and the significant ability of detecting and resolving such conflicts using DepSys. Abstract The rapid development of technologies towards Internet of Things (IoT), has led to new circumstances at all levels of the social environment. In healthcare in particular, the use of IoT concepts and technologies make diagnose and monitor more convenient for the physicians and patients. As mobile applications solutions are widely accepted because the easy to use, secure healthcare service is a new demand for mobile solutions. To protect the privacy and security for patients in the domain of healthcare towards IoT, a systematic mechanism is needed. This article proposes a novel security and privacy mechanism for Health Internet of Things (Health-IoT) to solve above problems. Health-IoT is promising for both traditional healthcare industry and the information and communication technologies (ICTs) industry. From the view of trustworthiness, interactive vector was proposed to communicate the end-devices and application brokers. The aim is to establish a trust IoT application market (IAM), feature of application in marketplace and behavior of applications on end-devices can be exchanged in mathematical value to establish the connection between market and users. Network devices for the home such as remotely controllable locks, lights, thermostats, cameras, and motion sensors are now readily available and inexpensive. In theory, this enables scenarios like remotely monitoring cameras from a smartphone or customizing climate control based on occupancy patterns. However, in practice today, such smarthome scenarios are limited to expert hobbyists and the rich because of the high overhead of managing and extending current technology. We present HomeOS, a platform that bridges this gap by presenting users and developers with a PC-like abstraction for technology in the home. It presents network devices as peripherals with abstract interfaces, enables cross-device tasks via applications written against these interfaces, and gives users a management interface designed for the home environment. HomeOS already has tens of applications and supports a wide range of devices. It has been running in 12 real homes for 4-8 months, and 42 students have built new applications and added support for additional devices independent of our efforts. Due to development and extension of internet of things, mobile-hierarchy architecture was proposed for querying a deployed wireless sensor network in an intelligent transportation system. Secure handshake among nodes becomes an important part of an intelligent transportation system. The mobile node verifies the legitimacy of an ordinary sensor node over an insecure communication channel. Attribute set or information as important handshake factors and negotiate each other privately in local side. In this paper, a secure attribute matching handshake scheme which extends fuzzy information for mobile-hierarchy city intelligent transportation system is proposed.