Understanding how social power structures affect the way we interact with one another is of great interest to social scientists who want to answer fundamental questions about human behavior, as well as to computer scientists who want to build automatic methods to infer the social contexts of interactions. In this paper, we employ advancements in extra-propositional semantics extraction within NLP to study how author commitment reflects the social context of an interaction. Specifically, we investigate whether the level of commitment expressed by individuals in an organizational interaction reflects the hierarchical power structures they are part of. We find that subordinates use significantly more instances of non-commitment than superiors. More importantly, we also find that subordinates attribute propositions to other agents more often than superiors do --- an aspect that has not been studied before. Finally, we show that enriching lexical features with commitment labels captures important distinctions in social meanings.
There is a large body of literature in the social sciences that studies power as a social construct (e.g., @cite_38 @cite_4 @cite_10 @cite_7 @cite_15 ) and how it relates to the ways people use language in social situations (e.g., @cite_39 @cite_44 @cite_47 @cite_13 @cite_36 @cite_2 @cite_22 @cite_12 ). Recent years have seen growing interest in computationally analyzing and detecting power and influence from interactions. Early work in computational power analysis used social network analysis based approaches @cite_43 @cite_6 @cite_23 or email traffic patterns @cite_28 . Using NLP to deduce social relations from online communication is a relatively new area of active research.
@cite_13 @cite_38 @cite_47 @cite_4 @cite_22 @cite_7 @cite_36 @cite_28 @cite_6 @cite_39 @cite_44 @cite_43 @cite_23 @cite_2 @cite_15 @cite_10 @cite_12
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This chapter examines some of the relationships between discourse and social power. After a brief theoretical analysis of these relationships, we review some of the recent work in this new area of research. Although we draw upon studies of power in several disciplines, our major perspective is found in the ways power is enacted, expressed, described, concealed, or legitimated by text and talk in the social context. We pay special attention to the role of ideology, but unlike most studies in sociology and political science, we formulate this ideological link in terms of a theory of social cognition. This formulation enables us to build the indispensable theoretical bridge between societ al power of classes, groups, or institutions at the macro level of analysis and the enactment of power in interaction and discourse at the social micro level. Thus our review of other work in this field focuses on the impact of specific power structures on various discourse genres and their characteristic structures. The ends of large aluminum conductors are confined in juxtaposition in a preheated mold. in an inert atmosphere molten aluminum is first caused to flow across the exposed ends of the conductors, remove impurities, and is thereafter confined to surround and join the end portions of the conductors at which time it is solidified. Preface. Editora s Introduction. General Introduction. Part I: The Economy of Linguistic Exchanges:. Introduction. 1. The Production and Reproduction of Legitimate Language. 2. Price Formation and the Anticipation of Profits. Part II: The Social Institution of Symbolic Power:. Introduction. 3. Authorized Language:. The Social Conditions for the Effectiveness of Ritual Discourse. . 4. Rites of Institution. 5. Description and Prescription:. The Conditions of Possibility and the Limits of Political Effectiveness. 6. Censorship and the Imposition of Form. Part III: Symbolic Power and the Political Field:. 7. On Symbolic Power. 8. Political Representation:. Elements for a Theory of the Political Field. . 9. Delegation and Political Fetishism. 10. Identity and Representation:. Elements for a Critical Reflection on the Idea of Region. . 11. Social Space and the Genesis of a Classesa . Notes. Index. There is increasing interest in the storage, retrieval, and analysis of email communications. One active area of research focuses on the inference of properties of the underlying social network giving rise to the email communications[1,2]. Email communication between individuals implies some type of relationship, whether it is formal, such as a manager-employee relationship, or informal, such as friendship relationships. Understanding the nature of these observed relationships can be problematic given there is a shared context among the individuals that isn’t necessarily communicated. This provides a challenge for analysts that wish to explore and understand email archives for legal or historical research. A major problem in social network analysis and link discovery is the discovery of hidden organizational structure and selection of interesting influential members based on low-level, incomplete and noisy evidence data. To address such a challenge, we exploit an information theoretic model that combines information theory with statistical techniques from area of text mining and natural language processing. The Entropy model identifies the most interesting and important nodes in a graph. We show how entropy models on graphs are relevant to study of information flow in an organization. We review the results of two different experiments which are based on entropy models. The first version of this model has been successfully tested and evaluated on the Enron email dataset. lem of the selection of materials. Have the responses been selected to illustrate what the leader wants to illustrate? Could other assortings of responses be made to illustrate something else-perhaps the futility of "guided group conversation," as the method also has been called? Research on how to make use of transcriptions seems urgently needed. Perhaps investigators with different philosophical and methodological orientations could be induced to listen to, and to interpret, a succession of extensive transcriptions of actual group sessions. It would be interesting to see to what extent they reach similar conclusions from the babel of conversation! Some of these questions are directly involved in the further research now under way in connection with the New Jersey project in Guided Group Interaction. It would be my judgment that this experiment constitutes some of the most important research in criminology now going on in the United States. This work is likely to produce results of basic importance both for the practice of penology and for the advancement of research methodology in the field. We present our work on automatically extracting social hierarchies from electronic communication data. Data mining based on user behavior can be leveraged to analyze and catalog patterns of communications between entities to rank relationships. The advantage is that the analysis can be done in an automatic fashion and can adopt itself to organizational changes over time. We illustrate the algorithms over real world data using the Enron corporation's email archive. The results show great promise when compared to the corporations work chart and judicial proceeding analyzing the major players. General Editor's Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. Introduction: critical language study. 2. Discourse as social practice. 3. Discourse and power. 4. Discourse, common sense and ideology. 5. Critical discourse analysis in practice: description. 6. Critical discourse analysis in practice: interpretation, explanation and the position of the analyst. 7. Creativity and struggle in discourse: the discourse of Thatcherism. 8. Discourse in social change. 9. Critical language study and social emancipation: language education in the schools. Bibliography. Index.