Recent progresses in model-free single object tracking (SOT) algorithms have largely inspired applying SOT to (MOT) to improve the robustness as well as relieving dependency on external detector. However, SOT algorithms are generally designed for distinguishing a target from its environment, and hence meet problems when a target is spatially mixed with similar objects as observed frequently in MOT. To address this issue, in this paper we propose an instance-aware tracker to integrate SOT techniques for MOT by encoding awareness both within and between target models. In particular, we construct each target model by fusing information for distinguishing target both from background and other instances (tracking targets). To conserve uniqueness of all target models, our instance-aware tracker considers response maps from all target models and assigns spatial locations exclusively to optimize the overall accuracy. Another contribution we make is a dynamic model refreshing strategy learned by a convolutional neural network. This strategy helps to eliminate initialization noise as well as to adapt to the variation of target size and appearance. To show the effectiveness of the proposed approach, it is evaluated on the popular MOT15 and MOT16 challenge benchmarks. On both benchmarks, our approach achieves the best overall performances in comparison with published results.
Recent works on MOT primarily focuses on the tracking-by-detection principle. Most of these methods can be roughly categorized into two groups. The first group treat MOT as an offline global optimization problem that uses frame observation from both previous and future to estimate the current status of targets @cite_36 @cite_16 @cite_0 @cite_30 @cite_1 . These methods usually focus on data association based methods such as Hungarian algorithm @cite_24 @cite_13 , network flow @cite_8 @cite_33 and multiple hypotheses tracking @cite_25 . Their performance heavily depends on the quality of detections from external detector. Different from these methods, our approach learns tracking model for each target to search and predict locations of next frame online. Detections in our approach are only used for model uniqueness verification and model refreshing.
@cite_30 @cite_33 @cite_8 @cite_36 @cite_1 @cite_0 @cite_24 @cite_16 @cite_13 @cite_25
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Data association is an essential component of any human tracking system. The majority of current methods, such as bipartite matching, incorporate a limited-temporal-locality of the sequence into the data association problem, which makes them inherently prone to IDswitches and difficulties caused by long-term occlusion, cluttered background, and crowded scenes.We propose an approach to data association which incorporates both motion and appearance in a global manner. Unlike limited-temporal-locality methods which incorporate a few frames into the data association problem, we incorporate the whole temporal span and solve the data association problem for one object at a time, while implicitly incorporating the rest of the objects. In order to achieve this, we utilize Generalized Minimum Clique Graphs to solve the optimization problem of our data association method. Our proposed method yields a better formulated approach to data association which is supported by our superior results. Experiments show the proposed method makes significant improvements in tracking in the diverse sequences of Town Center [1], TUD-crossing [2], TUD-Stadtmitte [2], PETS2009 [3], and a new sequence called Parking Lot compared to the state of the art methods. Object tracking is an ubiquitous problem in computer vision with many applications in human-machine and human-robot interaction, augmented reality, driving assistance, surveillance, etc. Although thoroughly investigated, tracking multiple persons remains a challenging and an open problem. In this paper, an online variational Bayesian model for multiple-person tracking is proposed. This yields a variational expectation-maximization (VEM) algorithm. The computational efficiency of the proposed method is due to closed-form expressions for both the posterior distributions of the latent variables and for the estimation of the model parameters. A stochastic process that handles person birth and person death enables the tracker to handle a varying number of persons over long periods of time. The proposed method is benchmarked using the MOT 2016 dataset. In this paper we extend the minimum-cost network flow approach to multi-target tracking, by incorporating a motion model, allowing the tracker to better cope with long term occlusions and missed detections. In our new method, the tracking problem is solved iteratively: Firstly, an initial tracking solution is found without the help of motion information. Given this initial set of track lets, the motion at each detection is estimated, and used to refine the tracking solution. Finally, special edges are added to the tracking graph, allowing a further revised tracking solution to be found, where distant track lets may be linked based on motion similarity. Our system has been tested on the PETS S2.L1 and Oxford town-center sequences, outperforming the baseline system, and achieving results comparable with the current state of the art. A cooperative detection and model-free tracking algorithm, referred to as CDT, for multiple object tracking is proposed in this work. The proposed CDT algorithm has three components: object detector, forward tracker, and backward tracker. First, the object detector detects targets with high confidence levels only to reduce spurious detection and achieve a high precision rate. Then, each detected target is traced by the forward tracker and then by the backward tracker to restore undetected states. In the tracking processes, the object detector cooperates with the trackers to handle appearing or disappearing targets and to refine inaccurate state estimates. With this detection guidance, the model-free tracking can trace multiple objects reliably and accurately. Experimental results show that the proposed CDT algorithm provides excellent performance on a recent benchmark. Furthermore, an online version of the proposed algorithm also excels in the benchmark. This paper explores a pragmatic approach to multiple object tracking where the main focus is to associate objects efficiently for online and realtime applications. To this end, detection quality is identified as a key factor influencing tracking performance, where changing the detector can improve tracking by up to 18.9 . Despite only using a rudimentary combination of familiar techniques such as the Kalman Filter and Hungarian algorithm for the tracking components, this approach achieves an accuracy comparable to state-of-the-art online trackers. Furthermore, due to the simplicity of our tracking method, the tracker updates at a rate of 260 Hz which is over 20x faster than other state-of-the-art trackers. We present a detection-based three-level hierarchical association approach to robustly track multiple objects in crowded environments from a single camera. At the low level, reliable tracklets (i.e. short tracks for further analysis) are generated by linking detection responses based on conservative affinity constraints. At the middle level, these tracklets are further associated to form longer tracklets based on more complex affinity measures. The association is formulated as a MAP problem and solved by the Hungarian algorithm. At the high level, entries, exits and scene occluders are estimated using the already computed tracklets, which are used to refine the final trajectories. This approach is applied to the pedestrian class and evaluated on two challenging datasets. The experimental results show a great improvement in performance compared to previous methods. This paper revisits the classical multiple hypotheses tracking (MHT) algorithm in a tracking-by-detection framework. The success of MHT largely depends on the ability to maintain a small list of potential hypotheses, which can be facilitated with the accurate object detectors that are currently available. We demonstrate that a classical MHT implementation from the 90's can come surprisingly close to the performance of state-of-the-art methods on standard benchmark datasets. In order to further utilize the strength of MHT in exploiting higher-order information, we introduce a method for training online appearance models for each track hypothesis. We show that appearance models can be learned efficiently via a regularized least squares framework, requiring only a few extra operations for each hypothesis branch. We obtain state-of-the-art results on popular tracking-by-detection datasets such as PETS and the recent MOT challenge.