Stress research is a rapidly emerging area in thefield of electroencephalography (EEG) based signal processing.The use of EEG as an objective measure for cost effective andpersonalized stress management becomes important in particularsituations such as the non-availability of mental health this http URL this study, long-term stress is classified using baseline EEGsignal recordings. The labelling for the stress and control groupsis performed using two methods (i) the perceived stress scalescore and (ii) expert evaluation. The frequency domain featuresare extracted from five-channel EEG recordings in addition tothe frontal and temporal alpha and beta asymmetries. The alphaasymmetry is computed from four channels and used as a feature.Feature selection is also performed using a t-test to identifystatistically significant features for both stress and control groups.We found that support vector machine is best suited to classifylong-term human stress when used with alpha asymmetry asa feature. It is observed that expert evaluation based labellingmethod has improved the classification accuracy up to 85.20 .Based on these results, it is concluded that alpha asymmetry maybe used as a potential bio-marker for stress classification, when labels are assigned using expert evaluation.
Hemispheric specialization is a major concern in neuro-physiological research. Generally, a healthy brain at rest has a fairly balanced level of activity in both hemispheres of brain @cite_30 . The left hemisphere is associated with the processing of positive emotions, while the right hemisphere is associated with the processing of negative emotions @cite_16 . The extent of asymmetry has been suggested to vary under conditions of chronic stress @cite_12 . Frontal asymmetry is highly related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) @cite_31 . The results in @cite_32 , have shown that major depression disorder (MDD) group is significantly right lateralized relative to controls, and both MDD and PTSD displayed more left- than right-frontal activity.
@cite_30 @cite_32 @cite_31 @cite_16 @cite_12
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Abstract Spontaneously occurring brief periods of lower voltage irregular activity occurring amid a background of alpha activity (i.e., alpha blocking) in eyes-closed resting occipital EEG recordings from 32 healthy human subjects have been investigated to determine the extent of changes of mean frequency and of spectral purity (degree of regularity irregularity of the EEG activity) during such periods. New methods for determining mean frequency and spectral purity (the latter as a new measure, the Spectral Purity Index, which has a maximum value of 1.0 for a pure sine wave) permit their conjoint evaluation over a 0.5 sec window that is advanced along the EEG in 0.1 sec steps, thus permitting almost continuous feature extraction. The findings indicate that, although spectral purity invariably decreased during the periods of lower voltage irregular activity, the mean frequency remaiend relatively unaltered, i.e., it remained unchanged or it increased or decreased slightly but at most by 2.5 Hz. These results suggest that, at least for the periods of lower voltage irregular activity occurring spontaneously amid an alpha background during eyes-closed occipital EEG recordings, it may be inaccurate (as some authors have already suggested) to use the term ‘low-voltage fast (or beta) activity.’ Abstract Background Considering the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, it is crucial to investigate posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as a spectrum that ranges from normal to pathological. This dimensional approach is especially important to aid early PTSD detection and to guide better treatment options. In recent years, electroencephalography (EEG) has been used to investigate PTSD; however, reviews regarding EEG data related to PTSD are lacking, especially considering the dimensional approach. This systematic review examined the literature regarding EEG alterations in trauma-exposed people with posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) to identify putative EEG biomarkers of PTSS severity. Method A systematic review of EEG studies of trauma-exposed participants with PTSS that reported dimensional analyses (e.g., correlations or regressions) between PTSS and EEG measures was performed. Results The literature search yielded 1178 references, of which 34 studies were eligible for inclusion. Despite variability among the reviewed studies, the PTSS severity was often associated with P2, P3-family event-related potentials (ERPs) and alpha rhythms. Limitations The search was limited to articles published in English; no information about non-published studies or studies reported in other languages was obtained. Another limitation was the heterogeneity of studies, which made meta-analysis challenging. Conclusions EEG provides promising candidates to act as biomarkers, although further studies are required to confirm the findings. Thus, EEG, in addition to being cheaper and easier to implement than other central techniques, has the potential to reveal biomarkers of PTSS severity. Abstract This commentary provides reflections on the current state of affairs in research on EEG frontal asymmetries associated with affect. Although considerable progress has occurred since the first report on this topic 25 years ago, research on frontal EEG asymmetries associated with affect has largely evolved in the absence of any serious connection with neuroscience research on the structure and function of the primate prefrontal cortex (PFC). Such integration is important as this work progresses since the neuroscience literature can help to understand what the prefrontal cortex is “doing” in affective processing. Data from the neuroscience literature on the heterogeneity of different sectors of the PFC are introduced and more specific hypotheses are offered about what different sectors of the PFC might be doing in affect. A number of methodological issues associated with EEG measures of functional prefrontal asymmetries are also considered. To test the hypothesis that activation asymmetries of the most anterior parts of the prefrontal cortex may be related to state-dependent regulation of emotion, spontaneous changes of cortical activation asymmetries from one session to a second one were related to spontaneous mood changes in two large samples (ns = 56 and 128). The interval between sessions was 2 to 4 weeks. Results show that mood changes specifically covary with changes of EEG asymmetry at the frontopolar electrode positions, but not with changes at other locations (dorsolateral frontal, temporal, and pariet al). Anxiety, tension, and depression were found to decrease when frontopolar activation asymmetry shifted to the right. Taking the new findings into account may contribute to the refinement and extension of theories on EEG laterality and emotion.