Persistent Identifiers (PID) are the foundation referencing digital assets in scientific publications, books, and digital repositories. In its realization, PIDs contain metadata and resolving targets in form of URLs that point to data sets located on the network. In contrast to PIDs, the target URLs are typically changing over time; thus, PIDs need continuous maintenance - an effort that is increasing tremendously with the advancement of e-Science and the advent of the Internet-of-Things (IoT). Nowadays, billions of sensors and data sets are subject of PID assignment. This paper presents a new approach of embedding location independent targets into PIDs that allows the creation of maintenance-free PIDs using content-centric network technology and overlay networks. For proving the validity of the presented approach, the Handle PID System is used in conjunction with Magnet Link access information encoding, state-of-the-art decentralized data distribution with BitTorrent, and Named Data Networking (NDN) as location-independent data access technology for networks. Contrasting existing approaches, no green-field implementation of PID or major modifications of the Handle System is required to enable location-independent data dissemination with maintenance-free PIDs.
The concept of bridging different content-centric network systems through a centralized URN system has been initially drafted by Sollins in 2012 @cite_17 . Her concept utilizes foundations of PID principles for creating an identification system for different ICN families and their related data objects that meets the requirements of scalability, longevity, evolvability, and security. Sollins's identification system abstracts different object naming schemes from ICN families such as DONA @cite_31 , NETINF @cite_34 and PURSUIT @cite_12 . Although, PID principles are used for location-independent data access, the publication by Sollins does not suggest access through an existing well-introduced PID system that is provided in our work, but rather uses a greed-field approach for location-independent data access.
@cite_31 @cite_34 @cite_12 @cite_17
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The Internet has evolved greatly from its original incarnation. For instance, the vast majority of current Internet usage is data retrieval and service access, whereas the architecture was designed around host-to-host applications such as telnet and ftp. Moreover, the original Internet was a purely transparent carrier of packets, but now the various network stakeholders use middleboxes to improve security and accelerate applications. To adapt to these changes, we propose the Data-Oriented Network Architecture (DONA), which involves a clean-slate redesign of Internet naming and name resolution. Information-centric networking (ICN) has evolved as important option for a future Internet architecture. Prototyping such an architecture is important to gain valuable insights about its feasibility. We have developed a prototype of the Network of Information (NetInf) architecture called OpenNetInf and have tested the architecture with a wide variety of applications. We have also performed traffic measurements to evaluate the influence of caching and our Multi-Level Distributed Hash Table (MDHT) name resolution service on inter-domain traffic. The measurements show a decrease in inter-domain traffic by a factor of up to 4 in our test scenario. The prototyping experience has validated the general feasibility of the NetInf architecture. The gained insights have had and will have significant impact on future NetInf architecture iterations. The Publish-Subscribe Internet Routing Paradigm (PSIRP) project aims at developing and evaluating an information-centric architecture for the future Internet. The ambition is to provide a new form of internetworking which will offer the desired functionality, flexibility, and performance, but will also support availability, security, and mobility, as well as innovative applications and new market opportunities. This paper illustrates the high level architecture developed in the PSIRP project, revealing its principles, core components, and basic operations through example usage scenarios. While the focus of this paper is specifically on the operations within the architecture, the revelation of the workings through our use cases can also be considered relevant more generally for publish-subscribe architectures. Identification is central to information or content centric networking, in order to enable referencing and access to the information objects. In this work we focus on identifiers and the identification system as a target of a design process, because without careful attention to the identifiers themselves and the approaches to selecting, assigning and using them, they may not meet their design goals. The paper begins with an examination of key issues central to the design of an identification system. With those in mind, we discuss the objectives of pervasiveness and persistence as requirements for identification in an information centric networking (ICN) approach. These lead to a set of design four goals: longevity, scalability, evolvability and security. We apply two key design principles, layering and modularity, to derive our design for the Pervasive Persistent Identification System or PPInS for information centric networking. The contributions of this work include (1) the design issues for identification systems, (2) analysis of goals and key design criteria for identification in an ICN approach, and (3) a principled design of PPInS.