Abstract Dominating set is a set of vertices of a graph such that all other vertices have a neighbour in the dominating set. We propose a new order-based randomised local search (RLS o ) algorithm to solve minimum dominating set problem in large graphs. Experimental evaluation is presented for multiple types of problem instances. These instances include unit disk graphs, which represent a model of wireless networks, random scale-free networks, as well as samples from two social networks and real-world graphs studied in network science. Our experiments indicate that RLS o performs better than both a classical greedy approximation algorithm and two metaheuristic algorithms based on ant colony optimisation and local search. The order-based algorithm is able to find small dominating sets for graphs with tens of thousands of vertices. In addition, we propose a multi-start variant of RLS o that is suitable for solving the minimum weight dominating set problem. The application of RLS o in graph mining is also briefly demonstrated.
The problem of finding MDS remains NP-hard also for several very restricted graph classes. For example, NP-hardness of finding MDS for grids is known, the proof is attributed to Leighton @cite_25 . For unit disk graphs, MDS problem is also NP-hard @cite_48 . Additionally, Chleb ' i k and Chleb ' i kov ' a have shown that for bipartite graphs with maximum degree @math and general graphs with maximum degree @math , it is NP-hard to approximate MDS within ratios @math and @math , respectively @cite_29 .
@cite_48 @cite_29 @cite_25
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We study approximation hardness of the Minimum Dominating Set problem and its variants in undirected and directed graphs. Using a similar result obtained by Trevisan for Minimum Set Cover we prove the first explicit approximation lower bounds for various kinds of domination problems (connected, total, independent) in bounded degree graphs. Asymptotically, for degree bound approaching infinity, these bounds almost match the known upper bounds. The results are applied to improve the lower bounds for other related problems such as Maximum Induced Matching and Maximum Leaf Spanning Tree. Unit disk graphs are the intersection graphs of equal sized circles in the plane: they provide a graph-theoretic model for broadcast networks (cellular networks) and for some problems in computational geometry. We show that many standard graph theoretic problems remain NP-complete on unit disk graphs, including coloring, independent set, domination, independent domination, and connected domination; NP-completeness for the domination problem is shown to hold even for grid graphs, a subclass of unit disk graphs. In contrast, we give a polynomial time algorithm for finding cliques when the geometric representation (circles in the plane) is provided.