The last several years has seen a renewed interest in smart queue management to curb excessive network queueing delay, as people have realised the prevalence of bufferbloat in real networks. However, for an effective deployment at today's last mile connections, an improved queueing algorithm is not enough in itself, as often the bottleneck queue is situated in legacy systems that cannot be upgraded. In addition, features such as per-user fairness and the ability to de-prioritise background traffic are often desirable in a home gateway.In this paper we present Common Applications Kept Enhanced (CAKE), a comprehensive network queue management system designed specifically for home Internet gateways. CAKE packs several compelling features into an integrated solution, thus easing deployment. These features include: bandwidth shaping with overhead compensation for various link layers; reasonable DiffServ handling; improved flow hashing with both per-flow and per-host queueing fairness; and filtering of TCP ACKs. Our evaluation shows that these features offer compelling advantages, and that CAKE has the potential to significantly improve performance of last-mile internet connections.
Prioritisation of different traffic classes can be performed by reacting to DiffServ markings @cite_22 . This is commonly used in WiFi networks, where DiffServ code points map traffic into four priority levels @cite_9 . For the home gateway use case, various schemes have been proposed in the literature (e.g., @cite_15 ), but as far as we are aware, none have seen significant deployment.
@cite_9 @cite_22 @cite_15
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As Internet traffic is increasingly sourced from and destined to wireless endpoints, it is crucial that Quality of Service (QoS) be aligned between wired and wireless networks; however, this is not always the case by default. This document specifies a set of mappings from Differentiated Services Code Point (DSCP) to IEEE 802.11 User Priority (UP) to reconcile the marking recommendations offered by the IETF and the IEEE so as to maintain consistent QoS treatment between wired and IEEE 802.11 wireless networks. This paper summarizes the recommended correlation between service classes and their usage, with references to their corresponding recommended Differentiated Service Code Points (DSCP), traffic conditioners, Per-Hop Behaviors (PHB) and Active Queue Management (AQM) mechanism. There is no intrinsic requirement that particular DSCPs, traffic conditioner PHBs and AQM be used for a certain service class, but as a policy it is useful that they be applied consistently across the network. The residential gateway (RG) is the core device of the digital home network. The RG translates communication protocols, coordinates information sharing and serves as a gateway to external networks for integrated multimedia entertainment, on-line services, home security, home automation, information exchange and data storage. Modern home network applications especially for real-time are demanding guaranteed quality of service (QoS) for bounded network bandwidth resources. In order to initiate a DiffServ-QoS (differentiated services-QoS) bandwidth management mechanism during network congestion, this paper proposes a QRG (QoS-aware residential gateway) with both real-time traffic monitoring, DiffServ-QoS and CBQ bandwidth management. Firstly, QRG classifies traffic flow into separate types, with specialized treatment per traffic type to optimize compliance with user-specified priorities. Applications with higher priority get the right to deliver first. Additionally, QRG with built-in traffic control function adopts class based queuing (CBQ) as DiffServ-QoS bandwidth traffic management for optimized use of bounded network resources. QRG is experimentally implemented on a Linux platform. High-end application is simulated by hosting QRG in a general-purpose PC, while minimum-cost modular application is simulated by hosting QRG in a light-weight low-power ARM920T embedded system. Results show that in both implementations, QRG successfully performs DiffServ-QoS and CBQ bandwidth management functions so that good quality of service and video performance are maintained during network congestion.