Over the past decade, online social networks (OSNs) such as Twitter and Facebook have thrived and experienced rapid growth to over 1 billion users. A major evolution would be to leverage the characteristics of OSNs to evaluate the effectiveness of the many routing schemes developed by the research community in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we showcase the Secure Opportunistic Schemes (SOS) middleware which allows different routing schemes to be easily implemented relieving the burden of security and connection establishment. The feasibility of creating a delay tolerant social network is demonstrated by using SOS to power AlleyOop Social, a secure delay tolerant networking research platform that serves as a real-life mobile social networking application for iOS devices. SOS and AlleyOop Social allow users to interact, publish messages, and discover others that share common interests in an intermittent network using Bluetooth, peer-to-peer WiFi, and infrastructure WiFi.
In recent years, a number of social-aware and social-based routing schemes have leveraged social interactions to deliver data using delay tolerant networks (DTNs) @cite_0 . However, related work has primarily evaluated routing protocols in simulation environments, which provide valuable analyses, but are based on synthetic mobility patterns to emulate node movement and tend to use abstract models to imitate the radio response of real commodity wireless technologies @cite_6 @cite_26 @cite_5 . There are a few studies that have taken on the approach of demonstrating DTNs in realistic environments @cite_22 @cite_25 @cite_14 . However, these studies do not consider other significant aspects, such as user security and privacy along with the limitation of operating with only the epidemic routing scheme. Various middlewares @cite_2 @cite_19 @cite_7 @cite_17 , testbeds @cite_13 @cite_21 @cite_9 @cite_15 @cite_8 @cite_12 @cite_20 @cite_1 , and mobile applications have been developed to address providing deployable delay tolerant networking applications which can operate with minimal infrastructure and effectively evaluate DTN routing protocols.
@cite_22 @cite_2 @cite_5 @cite_15 @cite_20 @cite_8 @cite_21 @cite_17 @cite_26 @cite_7 @cite_6 @cite_19 @cite_25 @cite_12 @cite_14 @cite_9 @cite_1 @cite_0 @cite_13
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This paper describes the Saami Network Connectivity (SNC) project that seeks to establish Internet communication for the Saami population of Reindeer Herders, who live in remote areas in Swedish Lapland, and relocate their base in accordance with a yearly cycle dictated by the natural behavior of reindeer. This population currently does not have reliable wired, wireless or satellite communication capabilities in major areas within which they work and stay (or would prefer to stay if possible). A radical solution is therefore required, which is compatible with the Saami population's goal to uphold their land by being able to live there and care for the environment. An approach based on the concept of Delay Tolerant Networks is discussed here. We consider a mobile ad hoc network setting where Bluetooth enabled mobile devices communicate directly with other devices as they meet opportunistically. We design and implement a novel mobile social networking middleware named MobiClique. MobiClique forms and exploits ad hoc social networks to disseminate content using a store-carry-forward technique. Our approach distinguishes itself from other mobile social software by removing the need for a central server to conduct exchanges, by leveraging existing social networks to bootstrap the system, and by taking advantage of the social network overlay to disseminate content. We also propose an open API to encourage third-party application development. We discuss the system architecture and three example applications. We show experimentally that MobiClique successfully builds and maintains an ad hoc social network leveraging contact opportunities between friends and people sharing interest(s) for content exchanges. Our experience also provides insight into some of the key challenges and short-comings that researchers face when designing and deploying similar systems. Many message delivery services are based on publish-subscribe systems designed to distribute updates through centralized infrastructures requiring active Internet connections. For mobile devices, individual nodes should have the ability to propagate messages to interested users over ad-hoc wireless connections thereby removing the dependence on Internet and centralized servers. These nodes are sometimes stationary, but are often mobile, creating intermittent networks of nodes that tend to be socially related. In this paper, we propose LESC, a delay-tolerant message delivery protocol, which facilitates efficient message dissemination in a decentralized, ad-hoc fashion and can be implemented using a commodity mobile communication technology such as Bluetooth LE. By leveraging the frequent collocation of socially related peers, nodes strategically become information carriers with the ability to propagate messages to out of range nodes in the future. We design a discrete event simulator that utilizes actual traveling paths derived from Google Maps. The simulator emulates LESC and the epidemic routing protocol to determine if we can achieve reasonable performance. Related works have approached the problem of publish-subscribe systems on mobile devices, but to the best of our knowledge, have not shown the feasibility of a protocol that can directly be implemented over current commodity wireless technologies. We simulate the protocol in Matlab and allow nodes to have multiple publications and subscriptions simultaneously. In this demo we present IBR-DTN for Android: IBR-DTN is a fully featured RFC5050 compliant Bundle Protocol implementation that can run on un-rooted Android devices starting from Android Version 2.3 (Gingerbread). IBR-DTN for Android supports all features of the IBR-DTN version for PCs and embedded systems. It is available in the Google Play Store for free. In addition to the protocol stack we provide two simple real world applications: a text messaging system and a push-to-talk application. They can serve as an example how to build DTN applications for mobile phones as both applications as well as the protocol implementation itself are open sourced. Delay-tolerant Networking (DTN) enables communication in sparse mobile ad-hoc networks and other challenged environments where traditional networking fails and new routing and application protocols are required. Past experience with DTN routing and application protocols has shown that their performance is highly dependent on the underlying mobility and node characteristics. Evaluating DTN protocols across many scenarios requires suitable simulation tools. This paper presents the Opportunistic Networking Environment (ONE) simulator specifically designed for evaluating DTN routing and application protocols. It allows users to create scenarios based upon different synthetic movement models and real-world traces and offers a framework for implementing routing and application protocols (already including six well-known routing protocols). Interactive visualization and post-processing tools support evaluating experiments and an emulation mode allows the ONE simulator to become part of a real-world DTN testbed. We show sample simulations to demonstrate the simulator's flexible support for DTN protocol evaluation. In this paper, we present Mist: a reliable and delay-tolerant middleware for information dissemination between highly mobile devices. Mist provides publish subscribe with guaranteed message delivery in fully connected networks. Through emulation we show how the middleware is effective in static networks, as well as in dynamic topologies with high mobility. We describe how Mist is able to scale using a topic routing mechanism, allowing groups of mobile units to cooperate with infrastructure-based P2P-networks. Finally, we describe recent experiments where Mist has been employed successfully in real-life deployments. The implementation of the middleware, written in Java, is released as open source. In this paper, we study the utility of opportunistic communication systems with the co-existence of network infrastructure. We study how some important performance metrics change with varying degrees of infrastructure and mobile nodes willing to participate in the opportunistic forwarding. In doing so, we observe phase transitions in the utility of infrastructure and opportunistic forwarding respectively at different points in the design space. We discuss the implications that this has for the design of future network deployments and how this observation can be used to improve network performance, while keeping cost at a minimum. In this work we present a middleware architecture for a mobile peer-to-peer content distribution system. Our architecture allows wireless content dissemination between mobile nodes without relying on infrastructure support. Contents are exchanged opportunistically when nodes are within communication range. Applications access the service of our platform through a publish subscribe interface and therefore do not have to deal with low-level opportunistic networking issues or matching and soliciting of contents. Our architecture consists of three key components. A content structure that facilitates dividing contents into logical topics and allows for efficient matching of content lookups and downloading under sporadic node connectivity. A solicitation protocol that allows nodes to solicit content meta-information in order to discover contents available at a neighboring node and to download content entries disjointedly from different nodes. An API that allows applications to access the system services through a publish subscribe interface. In this work we describe the design and implementation of our architecture. We also discuss potential applications and present evaluation results from profiling of our system. DakNet provides extraordinarily low-cost digital communication, letting remote villages leapfrog past the expense of traditional connectivity solutions and begin development of a full-coverage broadband wireless infrastructure. What is the basis for a progressive, market-driven migration from e-governance to universal broadband connectivity that local users will pay for? DakNet, an ad hoc network that uses wireless technology to provide asynchronous digital connectivity, is evidence that the marriage of wireless and asynchronous service may indeed be the beginning of a road to universal broadband connectivity. DakNet has been successfully deployed in remote parts of both India and Cambodia at a cost two orders of magnitude less than that of traditional landline solutions. In the past few years, more and more researchers have paid close attention to the emerging field of delay tolerant networks (DTNs), in which network often partitions and end-to-end paths do not exist nearly all the time. To cope with these challenges, most routing protocols employ the "store-carry-forward" strategy to transmit messages. However, the difficulty of this strategy is how to choose the best relay node and determine the best time to forward messages. Fortunately, social relations among nodes can be used to address these problems. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey of recent social-aware routing protocols, which offer an insight into how to utilize social relationships to design efficient and applicable routing algorithms in DTNs. First, we review the major practical applications of DTNs. Then, we focus on understanding social ties between nodes and investigating some design-related issues of social-based routing approaches, e.g., the ways to obtain social relations among nodes, the metrics and approaches to identify the characteristics of social ties, the strategies to optimize social-aware routing protocols, and the suitable mobility traces to evaluate these protocols. We also create a taxonomy for social-aware routing protocols according to the sources of social relations. Finally, we outline several open issues and research challenges. Today's powerful networked personal computing devices offer a solid technical basis for mobile ad-hoc networking in support of consumer applications independent of operator networks. However,running Internet protocols directly on top ad-hoc routing protocols such as AODV requires a sufficient node density to establishend-to-end paths. In contrast, Delay-tolerant Networking (DTN) allows to exploit device capabilities also in sparse environments. In this demonstration paper, we present a DTN prototype for mobile phones as the most widespread platform for (delay-tolerant) ad-hoc networking and show a sample application that allows bypassing cellular operator infrastructure - with a fallback option incase DTN fails to deliver the information in time.