README.md

---
annotations_creators:
- crowdsourced
language_creators:
- crowdsourced
language:
- en
license:
- cc-by-4.0
multilinguality:
- monolingual
size_categories:
- 1K<n<10K
source_datasets:
- original
task_categories:
- question-answering
task_ids:
- extractive-qa
- open-domain-qa
paperswithcode_id: quartz
pretty_name: QuaRTz
dataset_info:
  features:
  - name: id
    dtype: string
  - name: question
    dtype: string
  - name: choices
    sequence:
    - name: text
      dtype: string
    - name: label
      dtype: string
  - name: answerKey
    dtype: string
  - name: para
    dtype: string
  - name: para_id
    dtype: string
  - name: para_anno
    struct:
    - name: effect_prop
      dtype: string
    - name: cause_dir_str
      dtype: string
    - name: effect_dir_str
      dtype: string
    - name: cause_dir_sign
      dtype: string
    - name: effect_dir_sign
      dtype: string
    - name: cause_prop
      dtype: string
  - name: question_anno
    struct:
    - name: more_effect_dir
      dtype: string
    - name: less_effect_dir
      dtype: string
    - name: less_cause_prop
      dtype: string
    - name: more_effect_prop
      dtype: string
    - name: less_effect_prop
      dtype: string
    - name: less_cause_dir
      dtype: string
  splits:
  - name: train
    num_bytes: 1188342
    num_examples: 2696
  - name: test
    num_bytes: 348644
    num_examples: 784
  - name: validation
    num_bytes: 174491
    num_examples: 384
  download_size: 569255
  dataset_size: 1711477
configs:
- config_name: default
  data_files:
  - split: train
    path: data/train-*
  - split: test
    path: data/test-*
  - split: validation
    path: data/validation-*
---

# Dataset Card for "quartz"

## Table of Contents
- [Dataset Description](#dataset-description)
  - [Dataset Summary](#dataset-summary)
  - [Supported Tasks and Leaderboards](#supported-tasks-and-leaderboards)
  - [Languages](#languages)
- [Dataset Structure](#dataset-structure)
  - [Data Instances](#data-instances)
  - [Data Fields](#data-fields)
  - [Data Splits](#data-splits)
- [Dataset Creation](#dataset-creation)
  - [Curation Rationale](#curation-rationale)
  - [Source Data](#source-data)
  - [Annotations](#annotations)
  - [Personal and Sensitive Information](#personal-and-sensitive-information)
- [Considerations for Using the Data](#considerations-for-using-the-data)
  - [Social Impact of Dataset](#social-impact-of-dataset)
  - [Discussion of Biases](#discussion-of-biases)
  - [Other Known Limitations](#other-known-limitations)
- [Additional Information](#additional-information)
  - [Dataset Curators](#dataset-curators)
  - [Licensing Information](#licensing-information)
  - [Citation Information](#citation-information)
  - [Contributions](#contributions)

## Dataset Description

- **Homepage:** [https://allenai.org/data/quartz](https://allenai.org/data/quartz)
- **Repository:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Paper:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Point of Contact:** [More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)
- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.49 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.72 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.22 MB

### Dataset Summary

QuaRTz is a crowdsourced dataset of 3864 multiple-choice questions about open domain qualitative relationships. Each
question is paired with one of 405 different background sentences (sometimes short paragraphs).
The QuaRTz dataset V1 contains 3864 questions about open domain qualitative relationships. Each question is paired with
one of 405 different background sentences (sometimes short paragraphs).

The dataset is split into train (2696), dev (384) and test (784). A background sentence will only appear in a single split.

### Supported Tasks and Leaderboards

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Languages

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

## Dataset Structure

### Data Instances

#### default

- **Size of downloaded dataset files:** 0.49 MB
- **Size of the generated dataset:** 1.72 MB
- **Total amount of disk used:** 2.22 MB

An example of 'train' looks as follows.
```
{
    "answerKey": "A",
    "choices": {
        "label": ["A", "B"],
        "text": ["higher", "lower"]
    },
    "id": "QRQA-10116-3",
    "para": "Electrons at lower energy levels, which are closer to the nucleus, have less energy.",
    "para_anno": {
        "cause_dir_sign": "LESS",
        "cause_dir_str": "closer",
        "cause_prop": "distance from a nucleus",
        "effect_dir_sign": "LESS",
        "effect_dir_str": "less",
        "effect_prop": "energy"
    },
    "para_id": "QRSent-10116",
    "question": "Electrons further away from a nucleus have _____ energy levels than close ones.",
    "question_anno": {
        "less_cause_dir": "electron energy levels",
        "less_cause_prop": "nucleus",
        "less_effect_dir": "lower",
        "less_effect_prop": "electron energy levels",
        "more_effect_dir": "higher",
        "more_effect_prop": "electron energy levels"
    }
}
```

### Data Fields

The data fields are the same among all splits.

#### default
- `id`: a `string` feature.
- `question`: a `string` feature.
- `choices`: a dictionary feature containing:
  - `text`: a `string` feature.
  - `label`: a `string` feature.
- `answerKey`: a `string` feature.
- `para`: a `string` feature.
- `para_id`: a `string` feature.
- `effect_prop`: a `string` feature.
- `cause_dir_str`: a `string` feature.
- `effect_dir_str`: a `string` feature.
- `cause_dir_sign`: a `string` feature.
- `effect_dir_sign`: a `string` feature.
- `cause_prop`: a `string` feature.
- `more_effect_dir`: a `string` feature.
- `less_effect_dir`: a `string` feature.
- `less_cause_prop`: a `string` feature.
- `more_effect_prop`: a `string` feature.
- `less_effect_prop`: a `string` feature.
- `less_cause_dir`: a `string` feature.

### Data Splits

| name  |train|validation|test|
|-------|----:|---------:|---:|
|default| 2696|       384| 784|

## Dataset Creation

### Curation Rationale

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Source Data

#### Initial Data Collection and Normalization

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

#### Who are the source language producers?

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Annotations

#### Annotation process

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

#### Who are the annotators?

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Personal and Sensitive Information

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

## Considerations for Using the Data

### Social Impact of Dataset

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Discussion of Biases

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Other Known Limitations

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

## Additional Information

### Dataset Curators

[More Information Needed](https://github.com/huggingface/datasets/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md#how-to-contribute-to-the-dataset-cards)

### Licensing Information

The dataset is licensed under Creative Commons [Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0)](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

### Citation Information

```
@InProceedings{quartz,
  author = {Oyvind Tafjord and Matt Gardner and Kevin Lin and Peter Clark},
  title = {"QUARTZ: An Open-Domain Dataset of Qualitative Relationship
Questions"},

  year = {"2019"},
}

```


### Contributions

Thanks to [@patrickvonplaten](https://github.com/patrickvonplaten), [@lewtun](https://github.com/lewtun), [@thomwolf](https://github.com/thomwolf) for adding this dataset.