Morphological Awareness and Reading Development in Bilingual English Chinese Children in Singapore
Addressing two aspects of morphological awareness derivational and compound this study investigates the relationships between morphological awareness and vocabulary and reading comprehension in English Chinese bilingual primary 3 children in Singapore (N 76) Comparable tasks in Chinese and English were administered to examine the children's morphological awareness, vocabulary, and reading comprehension. The results show that morphological awareness is highly related to vocabulary and reading comprehension, with higher correlations between morphological awareness and reading comprehension than between morphological awareness and vocabulary. This indicates that morphological awareness may have direct influence on reading comprehension beyond the mediating effect of vocabulary. Furthermore, the results indicate that children displayed more compound than derivational morphological awareness for Chinese due to the dominance of compound morphology in Chinese. However, the children also displayed similar levels of derivational and compound morphological awareness for English despite far more derivatives than compounds in English. The robust crosslinguistic correlations suggest that Chinese compound morphological knowledge plays a facilitating role not only in learning English compounds but also in learning transparently derived words that do not involve phonological or orthographic shifts.