Political Metaphor Analysis:Discourse and Scenarios
Political metaphors and related figurative discourse tools such as metonymies are characterised by their variability and contentiousness. Using them, discourse participants try to gain competitive advantage over others by offering their audiences new meaning nuances, challenging each other and announcing political initiatives. It is here that metaphor as a means to change meanings and thus, to change social and political reality comes into its own. Political Metaphor Analysis provides an innovative approach to the study of metaphor in political discourse by presenting empirical analyses of metaphor use based on a large corpus of political metaphors and linking these analyses to theoretical positions and assessing their limitations and perspectives for further exploration. In particular the 'classic' conceptual metaphor analysis, as pioneered by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) and expanded and amended over the past thirty five years, is critically examined with regard to empirical aspects such as variation, historicity, pragmatic exploitation, comprehension and interpretation of metaphors. As a central new analytical category, the notion of "metaphor scenarios" is proposed and tested against various sub sets of data. It allows to link hypothesised conceptual metaphors to narrative, argumentative and evaluative patterns in actual discourse and understanding, so that their cognitive significance can be more reliably gauged and theoretically modelled.