Quantitative easing and related capital flows into Brazil: Measuring its effects and transmission channels through a rigorous counterfactual evaluation
We show that unconventional monetary policy in the United States appears to influence capital inflows to Brazil and, through this channel, its overall economic outlook and financial stability. In particular, quantitative easing leads to capital inflows, exchange rate appreciation, stock market price increases, credit growth and expansion of domestic activity related to consumption. Such effects are significant when considering both parameter uncertainty and a new significance test for abnormal behavior. According to a new channel identification method proposed in the paper, capital inflow is the only domestic propagation channel that systematically accounts for the estimated effects across variables and samples. Results are robust across a wide range of policy counterfactuals, regime break assumptions, testing procedures and model specifications.