Clerical marriage and buddhist modernity in early twentieth century Korea
ii PREFACE iv TABLE OF CONTENTS v LIST OF TABLES viii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ix DEDICATION x INTRODUCTION 1 Contemporary Scholarship in Both Korean and English Related to the Issue of Clerical Marriage 1 Thesis 5 Sources 8 Theoretical Framework 10 Organization 16 CHAPTER ONE: RE THINKING LATE CHOSON BUDDHISM 22 Introduction 22 Vinayas and Pure Rules in the Buddhist Traditions in China and Korea 25 Early Vinaya Tradition and Pure Rules in Chinese Buddhism 25 Vinaya and Pure Rules in Korean Buddhism from Silla to Koryo 27 Vinayas, Precepts, and Ordination of Choson Buddhism 30 General Buddhist Policies of the Choson Court 30 Vinaya and Pure Rules in the Choson Period 33 Ordination, Precepts, and Monk Certificates 38 Prohibition of Clerical Marriage 45 Re thinking Late Choson Buddhism 47 Formation of Dharma Lineage 47 Buddhist Clergy's Private Property 53 Revival of Ordination Lineage. 57 Prelude to Clerical Marriage in Colonial Buddhism. 62 Conclusion 63 CHAPTER TWO: TEMPLE REGULATIONS AND THE ISSUE OF CLERICAL MARRIAGE 65 Introduction 65 Korean Buddhism in the Transition Period 66 The 1902 Temple Regulations 66 The Wonjong and the Imjejong 68