Atividade antioxidante de frutos do Cerrado e identificacao de compostos em Bactris setosa Mart. Palmae (Tucum do Cerrado)
Objective: This study evaluated the bioactive compounds content and the antioxidant activity of 12 fruits of the Cerrado in comparison to the Red Delicious apple. Additionally, and phenolic compounds were identified in fruit that exhibited a high content of bioactive compouds and antioxidant activity. Materials and Methods: The antioxidant activity (AA) of aqueous (AqE) and ethyl acetate (EAE) extracts of Cerrado fruits: araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart. baru (Dipteryx alata) cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica DC. cajuzinho (Anacardium humile St. Hil. guariroba (Syagrus oleracea) inga (Inga laurina Willd. jatoba (Hymenaea stigonocarpa Mart. jenipapo (Genipa americana L. jurubeba (Solanum paniculatum L. lobeira (Solanum grandiflorum Ruiz Pav. mangaba (Hancornia speciosa) tucum doCerrado (Bactris setosa Mart) was determined by FRAP assay and bcarotene/linoleic system, and total anthocyanins (TA) yellow flavonoids (YF) flavanols, total carotenoids and ascorbic acid (Aasc) were determined using spectrophotometric assays. In parts of the fruit (peel and pulp) selected also were used these methods, and yet the total phenolic (PT) The identification and quantification of the phenolic compounds were made in HPLC DAD system, the aqueous extract (AqE) and its fractions of methanol and ethyl acetate water, and ethanol extracts (EE) and methanol (EM) acidified. Results: Araticum and tucum had levels of flavanols 15 to 19fold greater than the Red Delicious apple. Regarding to the TA content, tucum showed content 35 fold greater than the value found in the apple, and high TA content was also found in cajuzinho, jurubeba and jatoba. With respect to the AA, the EAE extract of tucum do Cerrado exhibited the highest FRAP value, 6 fold higher than the values found in the EAE apple extract, and the FRAP values of the EAE of araticum, cagaita, cajuzinho and lobeira were 2fold higher than that of the apple EAE. The AqE of tucum and araticum showed the highest FRAP values, followed by cagaita, cajuzinho, jurubeba e mangaba. In the b carotene oxidation assay, the AqE of tucum had the second highest value of AA, 6fold higher than the apple AqE, and was followed by the AqE of araticum, cagaita, baru, mangaba and jurubeba. Only the EAE extracts of tucum and mangaba had AA values higher than the apple EAE. With respect to the study involving the peel and pulp of tucum, the TP, flavanols, TA and YF compounds concentration were 122 14 264 and 61fold higher in peel than in the pulp, respectively. The EAq, ME and EE extracts of the tucum do Cerrado peel exhibited higher antioxidant activity by the FRAP assay when compared to its pulp. Among the flavonoids identified in the tucum do Cerrado peel extracts are the flavanol catechin; flavonols quercetin and rutin; phenolic acids gallic, ferulic and caffeic acids; and some anthocyanins. Conclusion: The results suggest that phenolics are the main bioactive compounds in these Cerrado fruits, and that araticum, cagaita, lobeira, tucum, cajuzinho, jurubeba and mangaba had high bioactive compounds content and AA. Tucum do Cerrado fruit antioxidant capacity and bioactive compounds are mainly associated to compounds in the peel, and catechin, anthocyanin, gallic acid and rutin are the main phenolic compounds identified in tucum do Cerrado peels.