High pressure adsorptive storage of hydrogen in MIL 101 (Cr) and AX 21 for mobile applications: cryocharging and cryokinetics
Abstract Current state of the art methods consist of containing high pressure compressed hydrogen in composite cylinders, with solid state hydrogen storage materials an alternative that could improve on storage performance by enhancing volumetric densities. A new strategy that uses cryogenic temperatures to load hydrogen (cryocharging) is proposed and analysed in this work, comparing densities and final storage pressures for empty cylinders and containers with the high surface area materials MIL 101 (Cr) and AX 21. Results show cryocharging as a viable option, as it can substantially lower the charging (at 77 K) and final pressures (at 298 K) for the majority of the cases considered. Kinetics are an equally important requirement for hydrogen storage systems, so the effective diffusivities at these conditions for both materials were calculated, and showed values comparable to the ones estimated in metal organic frameworks and zeolites from quasielastic neutron scattering and molecular simulations. High surface area materials tailored for hydrogen storage are a promising route for storage in mobile applications and results show that cryocharging is a promising strategy for hydrogen storage systems, since it increases volumetric densities and avoids energy penalties of operating at high pressures and/or low temperatures.