Classification and description of world formation types
An ecological vegetation classification approach has been developed in which a combination of vegetation attributes (physiognomy, structure, and floristics) and their response to ecological and biogeographic factors are used as the basis for classifying vegetation types. This approach can help support international, national, and subnational classification efforts. The classification structure was largely developed by the Hierarchy Revisions Working Group (HRWG) which contained members from across the Americas. The HRWG was authorized by the U.S. Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) to develop a revised global vegetation classification to replace the earlier versions of the structure that guided the U.S. National Vegetation Classification and International Vegetation Classification, which formerly relied on the UNESCO (1973) global classification (see FGDC 1997; Grossman and others 1998) This document summarizes the development of the upper formation levels. We first describe the history of the Hierarchy Revisions Working Group and discuss the three main parameters that guide the classification it focuses on vegetated parts of the globe, on existing vegetation, and includes (but distinguishes) both cultural and natural vegetation for which parallel hierarchies are provided. Part I of the report provides an introduction to the overall classification, focusing on the upper formation levels. Part II provides a description for each type, following a standardized template format. These descriptions are a first preliminary effort at global descriptions for formation types, and are provided to give some guidance to our concepts. Cover photos of Cool Temperate Forests from around the world. Clockwise from top left: 1. Western Eurasian Forest Woodland division: European beech (Fagus sylvatica) forest in Czech Republic (by Scott Franklin) 2. Eastern North American Forest Woodland division: Eastern Hemlock Sugar Maple (Tsuga canadensis Acer saccharum) forest in central Wisconsin, United States (by Don Faber Langendoen) 3. Eastern Asian Forest Woodland division: Oak pine bamboo forest in Foping National Nature Reserve, Shaanxi Province, China (by Scott Franklin) 4. Valdivian Forest division: Southern beech (Nothofagus spp. forest in Altos de Lircay National Reserve, Chile (by Bruce Young) 5. Southeast Australian Cool Temperate Forest Woodland division: Australian Alps mainly Mountain Ash (Eucalyptus regnans) (by Andy Gillison) Classification and Description of World Formation Types Don Faber Langendoen, Todd Keeler Wolf, Del Meidinger, Carmen Josse, Alan Weakley, David Tart, Gonzalo Navarro, Bruce Hoagland, Serguei Ponomarenko, Gene Fults, Eileen Helmer Hierarchy Revisions Working Group FGDC Vegetation Subcommittee Forest Rocky Mountain General Technical Service Research Station Report RMRS GTR 346 August 2016 United States Department of Agriculture