Bi 1 x Ca x FeO 3 d (0 x 1) ceramics: Crystal structure, phase and elemental composition, and chemical bonding from X ray diffraction, Raman scattering, Mossbauer, and X ray photoelectron spectra
Abstract An integrated study of samples of Bi1 khCakhFeO3 d (BCFO) system for 0 x 1 (step 0.1) is performed using X ray diffraction (XRD) Raman scattering, Mossbauer spectroscopy, and X ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) Measured elemental compositions of samples were found to deviate substantially from nominal ones. X ray structure analysis discovered a continuous series of solid solutions with perovskite structure (or its derivatives) on the interval of nominal Ca content 0 x 0.9. However, the analysis of the data from all the methods used, limits the region of single phase samples (in presence of insignificant amount of foreign ones) to nominal Ca content interval 0.1