Incidence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Special Reference to Drug Resistance and Biofilm Formation from Clinical Samples in Tertiary Care Hospital
Background Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa is an aerobic, gram negative, motile rod and possesses a variety of virulence factors. Antimicrobial resistance is an innate feature of bacterial biofilms. Objectives Determination of prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility and biofilm production of P. aeruginosa isolates from clinical samples. Materials and Methods A prospective study was carried out from the period of June 2014 to December 2014 in Microbiology Department, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Pune. The study included a total of 300 various clinical samples received in the department of Microbiology from different wards for routine culture and sensitivity test. The samples were processed and isolates were identified by standard protocol. All isolates were tested for phenotypic detection of biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance pattern. Results Out of 300 clinical samples, 30 samples were positive for P. aeruginosa (10% Maximum of 19 isolates were from pus/wound swab (63.33% followed by urine 5 (20% 23 (76.66% were from males and 7 (23.33% were from females. Maximum prevalence belonged to the age group of 41 60 years of age 14 (46.66% followed by patients of 60 80 years of age 8 (26.66% A total of 13 of the 30 isolates (43.33% showed biofilm production. 66.66% (10/15) of multiple antibiotic resistant isolates showed biofilm production. P. aeruginosa was highly resistant to ceftazidime 50% and least resistant to imipenem 10% Conclusion The results confirmed P. aeruginosa is a common pathogen isolated from various clinical samples of patients. In this study, the antibiotic resistance was significantly higher among biofilm producing P. aeruginosa than non producer. Imipenem was found to be the most effective antimicrobial agent. Use of ceftazidime should be restricted as it found least effective. To avoid rapid emergence of drug resistant strains, periodic testing of biofilm formation and antibiotic sensitivity should be carried out to detect the resistance trends. As this is a hospital based epidemiological data, present study will help for implementation of better patient management and infection control strategies.