High power high safety battery with electrospun Li3V2(PO4)3 cathode and Li4Ti5O12 anode with 95% energy efficiency
Abstract Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 3 (LVP) and Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 (LTO) were chosen as the cathode and the anode to build a full battery owing to their robust structures. Electrospinning method was adopted to control the electrode materials with the expected microstructures nanowires that shorten solid state diffusion pathway and enhance the surface area for improving their electrochemical performances. LVP cathode and LTO anode can deliver reversible specific capacities of 108 and 149 mAh/g at a rate of 5 C, respectively. No appreciable degradation can be perceived in both electrodes over 500 cycles. In addition, the relatively high voltage of LTO anode ensures the safe rapid charge and discharge (no dendrite growth) and the minimal or no initial loss of lithium ions as there is no formation of SEI layer. A full battery with LVP cathode and LTO anode delivers a maximum power density of 12,046 W/kg, reaching the strength of supercapacitors, while offers a high energy density of 90 Wh/kg at a power density of 1,350 W/kg with a charging or discharge time of 7 min. This battery demonstrates an energy storage efficiency close to 95% at a rate of 2 C and maintains 90% efficiency at 20 C.