Men of Honor Don't Talk: The Relationship between Masculine Honor and Social Activism against Criminal Organizations in Italy
Criminal organizations have a strong influence on social, political, and economic life in Italy and other parts of the world. Nonetheless, local populations display collective passivity against organized crime, a phenomenon known as omerta. Omerta is linked to the concepts of honor and masculinity. That is, in order to fit ideological constructions of manliness, individuals should display indifference toward illegal activities and should not collaborate with legal institutions. In two studies, we investigated the link between endorsement of a masculine honor ideology and collective action intentions against criminal organizations (antimafia) Study 1 (N 121) involved a Northern Italian sample, and Study 2 (N 301) involved a Southern Italian sample. Across studies, results showed that endorsement of masculine honor ideology was associated with lower willingness to engage in social activism against criminal organizations. This relationship was mediated by attitudes toward criminal organizations (Study 1 and 2) and, in line with the notion of omerta, by lower levels of collective motive and more anxiety about interacting with police (Study 2) Directions for future research are discussed.