Seven Guideposts to the Study of Perceived Control Across the Lifespan
When Julian Rotter wrote his nowclassic paper on "Generalized Expectancies for Internal versus External Control of Reinforcement" in 1966, he could scarcely have imagined the ensuing tsunami of research that would wash across all of psychology, uncovering the powerful effects of perceived control during every period of the lifespan in multiple life domains and across many cultures (e.g. Cheng, Cheung, Chio, Chan, 2013) This rising tide was helped along by contemporaries who were studying locus of control in children (Crandall, Katkovsky, Crandall, 1965) and adults (Lefcourt, 1966) and by other experts in the field who, a decade later, published their key treatises on learned helplessness (Abramson, Seligman, Teasdale, 1978; Seligman, 1975) selfefficacy (Bandura, 1977) and causal attributions (Weiner, 1979) These theories and their associated constructs helped reshape research and interventions across the social sciences, including in the areas of health (e.g. Ashford, Edmunds, French, 2010) motivation (e.g. Graham Williams, 2009) OUP UNCORRECTED PROOF FIRSTPROOFS, Wed May 25 2016, NEWGEN