Problems and Urban Infrastructure Development in Russia (for Example, the City of Naberezhnyechelny)
INTRODUCTIONEffective vision has some fundamental and distinctive properties. So, it must be not static but evolutionary. The system of values which it reflects, should have both implicit and explicit components. It can never be fully achieved, that is, there are always some areas of tension between what is implemented and what can be achieved. And most importantly, it possesses high energy, clear, consistent, instills energy and inspiration (John Gattorna.USA, 1990).Russian cities are growing and we need to think about the harmonious development concept that future generations will be grateful. Consider what might be the concept of urban infrastructure development on the example of the city NaberezhnyeChelny, Tatarstan, Russia.Over the last few years the number of cars owned by Russian citizens, has dramatically increased, but to levels of Europe and the United States still need to "grow" Some regions in motorization have already caught up with the European countries, and the capital of Russia is not on the leading places for this indicator. At the moment the country is at the level of European countries in the 70 ies of the last century. But there is another important problem of insufficient road areas and parking lots in the infrastructure of cities of Russia.According to common world standards in the roads area shall be not less than 20% of the city territory (Access mode: http:/anderson mike.liveiournal.com/104572.html, 25.05.2016) In large cities of developed countries, the percentage of area occupied by roads is usually 20 35% and in Moscow 6 10% In NaberezhnyeChelny the roads area is approximately 5 6 With a population of 522 thousand people (Publishing center of Tatarstanstat, 2014) the area of the city is 17103 ha, including the area of green space 5191 ha, it is 30,4% of the total area of urban land (Collection"Public utilities of the Republic of Tatarstan"for 2013).METHODSIn the program of strategic development of Tatarstan till 2030 all comparisons are with the developed countries of Europe and Asia. Benchmarking in this case also involves the developed cities in the world. To be objective, compare the ratio of "metropolis" cities (Access mode: http:/anderson mike.liveiournal.com/104572.html, 25.05.2016):This means that in order to ensure, in Moscow the level of car use equal to London, the percentage of road surface area should be increased in 2 times. But then square roads of Moscow should occupy 40% of the city area. It is impossible to do due to the dense development of the city (Access mode: http:/anderson mike.liveiournal.com/104572.html, 25.05.2016).In Naberezhnye Chelny. The population members for 2014 is to 522,048 (Publishing center of Tatarstanstat, 2014) people, city area 17103 ha. (Collection"Public utilities of the Republic of Tatarstan"for 2013) k= 3,9.The derived "metropolis" ratio (Access mode: http:/andersonmike.liveiournal.com/104572.html, 25.05.2016)(ProQuest: denotes formula omitted.)where:Q population of the city, people.P population density (population/city area) people sq. km. (ha)Based on the ratio, Naberezhnye Chelny on the density of the metropolis is about on par with Sydney, it is better to Kazan. This speaks to the amazing possibilities of Naberezhnye Chelny for the harmonious development (extension) adjoining roads and construction (extension) of the commercial Parking lots within walking distance, parks and green spaces.As noted the area of green space in Naberezhnye Chelny is 5197 ha.According to building rules II 60 75 green spaces.Area of public green spaces in residential areas are calculated according to table 2.According to building rules II 60 75? in the design of urban green spaces should be given area of at leastin the design of urban green spaces should be given area of at least: 15 ha for citywide parks, 10 ha for planning areas, 3 ha for gardens of residential areas, 5 ha for squares.