Analisis fisico quimico y microbiologico de la Laguna Grande; parroquia La Pica; Maturin estado Monagas; Venezuela Physical chemical and microbiological analysis of water body Laguna Grande, parish La Pica, Maturin Monagas state, Venezuela
Laguna Grande se ha convertido en el receptor de aguas residuales del municipio Maturin. Sin embargo, muchas personas utilizan el agua de esta laguna para riego y pesca (destinada al consumo y venta) sin considerar los efectos negativos en la salud publica. Se planteo analizar algunos parametros fisico quimicos y microbiologicos del agua de Laguna Grande, parroquia La Pica, Maturin, estado Monagas, Venezuela con el fin de evaluar la calidad del agua para uso agricola, durante los meses de enero hasta junio de 2013. Se determino la temperatura, transparencia, conductividad electrica, solidos disueltos totales, pH, oxigeno disuelto y profundidad del agua y como variables microbiologicas como coliformes totales, coliformes fecales y Escherichia coli. Se encontro que las variables de calidad del agua, difieren significativamente (p 0,0001) entre los sitios y meses de muestreo. Todos los sitios evaluados presentaron contaminacion microbiana de moderada a alta, especialmente en los meses de mayor incidencia de lluvia debido al arrastre de sedimentos de los Canos (Juanico y Manteco) De acuerdo al tipo de agua establecida por el Decreto 883 (G/O de la Republica de Venezuela No 5021, del ano 1995) este cuerpo se considera de alto riesgo desde el punto de vista de salud publica presentando condiciones microbiologicas del tipo 6 (aguas destinadas a la navegacion y generacion de energia) PALABRAS CLAVE: Embalses naturales, parametros fisicos, parametros quimicos, Escherichia coli. ABSTRACT Laguna Grande has become the recipient of wastewaters from Maturin Municipality. However many people use the water from this lagoon for irrigation and fishing purposes (for consumption and sale) without considering the potential negative effects on public health. Therefore, it was proposed to analyze some physical chemical and microbiological variables of the water body of Laguna Grande, Parish La Pica, Maturin Monagas State, Venezuela in order to assess the water quality for agricultural use during the months of January through June 2013. Temperature, transparency, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, pH, dissolved oxygen and water depth, and microbiological variables such as total coliforms, fecal coliforms and Escherichia coli were evaluated. It was found that the variables of water quality differ significantly (p 0.0001) among sampling sites and months. All sites evaluated showed moderate to high microbial contamination, mainly during the months of highest rain due to the runoff carried by creeks (Juanico and Manteco) According to the type of water established by the Venezuelan Gazette decree 883, this water body is considered of high risk from the public health point of view, presenting microbiological conditions of the type 6. KEY WORDS: Natural reservoir, physical, chemical parameters, Escherichia coli.