Ammonium accumulation in commercially available embryo culture media and protein supplements during storage at 2 8degC and during incubation at 37degC.
STUDY QUESTION Does ammonium accumulate in commercially available culture media and protein supplements used for in vitro development of human pre implantation embryos during storage and incubation? SUMMARY ANSWER Ammonium accumulates in ready to use in vitro fertilization (IVF) culture media during storage at 2 8degC and in ready to use IVF culture media and protein supplements during incubation at 37degC. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Both animal and human studies have shown that the presence of ammonium in culture medium has detrimental effects on embryonic development and pregnancy rate. It is, therefore, important to assess the amount of ammonium accumulation in ready to use IVF culture media under conditions that are common in daily practice. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Ammonium accumulation was investigated in 15 ready to use media, 11 protein free media and 8 protein supplements. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Ammonium was measured by the use of an enzymatic method with glutamate dehydrogenase. To simulate the storage and incubation conditions during IVF treatments, ammonium concentrations were measured at different time points during storage at 2 8degC for 6 weeks and during incubation at 37degC for 4 days. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE All ready to use, i.e. protein supplemented, culture media showed ammonium accumulation during storage for 6 weeks (ranging from 9.2 to 99.8 uM) and during incubation for 4 days (ranging from 8.4 to 138.6 uM) resulting in levels that might affect embryo development. The protein supplements also showed ammonium accumulation, while the culture media without protein supplementation did not. The main sources of ammonium buildup in ready to use culture media were unstable glutamine and the protein supplements. No additional ammonium buildup was found during incubation when using an oil overlay or with the presence of an embryo in the culture droplet. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION In addition to the unstable glutamine and the protein supplements, other free amino acids might contribute to the ammonium buildup. We did not investigate the deterioration of other components in the media. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Break down of components into ammonium is more pronounced during incubation at 37degC, however, it is not negligible during storage at 2 8degC. This results in increasing ammonium levels in culture media over time that may affect embryo development. Therefore, it is important that the use of free l glutamine in human embryo culture media is stopped and that the use of protein supplements is thoroughly evaluated. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTERESTS No funding or no competing interests declared. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
Human reproduction