Ameliorative Effects of Quercetin and Naringenin on Diethylnitrosamine/2 acetyl aminoflourene Induced Nephrotoxicity in Male Wistar Rats
Nephrotoxicity is one of the most widespread kidney tribulations. Quercetin and naringenin are natural flavonoids highly enriched in fruits, and vegetables which have a bioactive effect on human health. The current study was designed to evaluate the preventive effects of quercetin and naringenin on Diethylnitrosamine (DEN)/2 Acetylaminofluorene (2AAF) induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The Wistar rats used in this study were allocated into 4 groups. The 1st group was kept as a normal group while the other 3 groups were intraperitoneally administered DEN (150 mg/kg b.w./week for two weeks) dissolved in 0.9% saline at the beginning of experiment. One week after the last injection of DEN, 2 AAF was orally administrated at dose 20 mg/kg b.w. in 1% tween 80 four days per week for three weeks. One of the three DEN/2AAF administered groups was kept as control and the others were orally treated with quercetin and naringenin at dose 10 mg/kg b.w. every other day for 20 weeks. DEN/2AAF administration induced kidney injury evidenced by histological alterations as well as significant increases of serum creatinine, urea and uric acid concentrations. There was also a significant increase in the levels of renal lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide. Moreover, renal glutathione content and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione s transferase were significantly declined as a result DEN/2AAF administration. The treatments of DEN/2AAF administered rats with the two flavonoids quercetin and naringenin successfully amended kidney histological perturbations and improved serum markers related to kidney function in association with alleviation of the deteriorated kidney oxidative stress and anti oxidant defense system. In conclusion, quercetin and naringenin successfully attenuate the DEN/2AAF induced nephrotoxicity and this effect may be mediated via suppression of the oxidative stress and stimulation of the antioxidant defense system.