Planning and Projects: Three Visionaires Friedmann, J. Trueba, I. and Ramos, A
It is impossible to talk about planning as a scientific meta discipline without mentioning one of the most influential worldwide figures in the second half of the twentieth century: John Friedmann. His contribution to the planning concept on his Planning as Social Learning theory is still very relevant. This paper shows the intellectual connection between Friedmann, Angel Ramos and Ignacio Trueba, two of the Spanish intellectual drivers in the engineering project knowledge area, who contributed to the foundation of the Project Engineering Spanish Association. The three of them share a broad vision of the project and abandon the "blue print" planning model. They also see the project as a transformational tool that requires a different planning style to the one which prevailed in the 70s both in public and private domains. They were pioneers in structuring Knowledge/Action in a different way, both in academic institutions where disciples helped to bring about change and with direct action via projects.