Primary ciliary dyskinesia in children
OBJECTIVES: To point out primary ciliary dyskinesia as a cause of chronic respiratory disease in children.METHODS: A 10 year literature review on Medline and by direct research about the subject.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Primary ciliary dyskinesia is a disorder characterized by an abnormal mucociliary clearance. It affects both the upper and lower respiratory tracts and usually the clinical manifestations start in the first years of life. It can progress to bronchiectasis. Kartageners syndrome is the typical genetic manifestation. The diagnosis may be based on an abnormal saccharin test, but its confirmation depends on abnormal ultrastructure of the cilia or abnormal ciliary function. Many ciliary defects are currently known. The treatment is supportive, with measures to enhance mucociliary clearance, such as chest physiotherapy, prevention of infections by immunizations and prompt antibiotic therapy in the acute respiratory infections.