Endoscopic resection of cystic pontine tumour: three case reports and a proposal for minimally invasive dual-endoscopic surgery
We describe a new endoscopic technique, the dual-endoscopic method, in which two independent endoscopic systems are simultaneously used in the subtemporal space and intraparenchymal field for patients with pontine cystic tumours. Tumours were successfully removed through a sheath placed in the brainstem via the subtemporal keyhole approach, with safety ensured by the second subtemporal endoscope. A purely endoscopic subtemporal approach was performed in three cases of pontine cystic tumour, including two low-grade gliomas and a recurrent chordoma. The gliomas showed nodules. Recurrent chordoma consisted of a mucinous component. Using a keyhole subtemporal approach and a 4.0-mm rigid endoscope with a high-definition camera, a transparent puncture needle containing a 2.7-mm rigid endoscope was inserted into the cyst. The tumour was removed using suction, biopsy forceps, and scissors simultaneously placed with the 2.7-mm endoscope in a transparent sheath. Since the 4.0-mm endoscope placed in the subtemporal space monitored all procedures of the 2.7-mm endoscope, tumour removal was performed safely without damaging the pons, cranial nerves, or vessels. We safely and successfully removed a cystic pontine tumour using a dual-endoscopic method. This new method ensures the safety of deep-seated endoscopic procedures via a minimally invasive transcranial approach.