Parental cancer as a risk factor for bone cancer: a nation-wide study from Sweden
We used the nation-wide Swedish Family-Cancer Database to analyze the risk for bone cancer in offspring by parental cancers and in siblings of bone cancer probands. Additionally, the risk of second cancer following childhood bone cancer was investigated. In offspring, 1,190 bone cancers were diagnosed between years 1958 and 1996. Groups of offspring were compared by calculating standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for bone cancer. Most bone cancer cases occurred sporadically. Parental breast (SIR 1.7) and prostate (SIR 1.7) cancers were associated with early-onset (<25 years) osteosarcoma in offspring, probably due to Li-Fraumeni syndrome. Giant cell sarcoma was increased by parental breast cancer (SIR 2.9), and early-onset chondrosarcoma by parental kidney cancers (SIR 6.8). Bone cancers conveyed a high risk of second bone and connective tissue cancer.