Epithelioid angiosarcoma of the bone: a series of 10 cases
The clinical and pathologic features of 10 epithelioid angiosarcomas of bone were analyzed. There were eight males and two females who ranged in age from 26 to 83 years (mean 62 years). Four tumors were solitary and six were multifocal. In two consultation cases, the submitted diagnosis was metastatic carcinoma. Microscopically, the tumor cells were arranged in solid and infiltrative sheets, and in most cases vascular channels or cystically dilated spaces were present. The neoplastic cells had abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and large nuclei with open chromatin and prominent eosinophilic nucleoli. Intratumoral hemorrhage, neutrophilic infiltrates, and intracytoplasmic lumina were frequently present. All 10 tumors stained positive for one or more endothelial markers, with CD31 being the most sensitive marker. Seven cases stained positive for cytokeratin. Ultrastructural examination in three tumors confirmed their endothelial differentiation. In the absence of obvious vascular differentiation, abundant intratumoral hemorrhage and intratumoral neutrophils are useful ancillary morphologic features that may suggest a vascular origin. Six patients are dead of disease, one is alive with metastasis, and two patients are currently disease free. Epithelioid angiosarcoma of bone should be included in the differential diagnosis of epithelioid neoplasms of bone, and endothelial markers should be a part of their immunohistochemical analysis to avoid the misdiagnosis of a metastatic carcinoma because of the significant differences in the treatment and clinical outcomes of these entities.