Topiramate in the catastrophic epilepsies of childhood
Several epileptic syndromes that occur during childhood are characterized by severe treatment-resistant seizures, progressive loss of higher intellectual functions, and characteristic electroencephalographic abnormalities. These catastrophic epileptic syndromes include epileptic encephalopathy with diffuse slow spike waves (Lennox-Gastaut syndrome), West syndrome, progressive myoclonic epilepsies, and electrical status epilepticus during sleep. This article summarizes each syndrome and reviews the most recent information concerning the effectiveness of topiramate with respect to each condition. Suggestions are offered to help clinicians maximize topiramate's efficacy and tolerability in patients suffering with these syndromes. Overall, topiramate is a valuable antiepileptic medication in the treatment of catastrophic pediatric epileptic syndromes.