Comunicação e educação: implicações contemporâneas
This essay continues to spread and systematize new data collected in the research conducted between 2006 and 2009 with fundamental and medium term teachers from public schools in the city and state of Sao Paulo. The intent, now, is to question about the tensions that surround the relationship between teacher’s professional practice and actual circumstances of the social media field.
Educomunicação, ou contra a concorrência desleal entre educação e a mídia do espetáculo
Frente a centralidade midiatica contemporânea, apresentamos este artigo de revisao de literatura, concebido a luz dos estudos sociologicos e dos propositos de uma nova area, denominada de Educomunicacao. Ao cotejar a literatura com nossa propria experiencia como docentes no ensino superior, temos como objetivo principal o de apresentar algumas criticas – ainda que no âmbito da teoria –, ao conteudo midiatico, que atua como uma especie de concorrencia desleal ao trabalho educativo realizado nas escolas e universidades. Primeiro, considera-se que em sua evolucao historica, os canais da midia assumiram papel central na organizacao da vida social, em amplo sentido, abracando as dimensoes politica, cultural, e ate mesmo axiologica, da sociedade contemporânea. Segundo, discute-se o que nomeamos como concorrencia desleal entre midia e educacao escolar, baseando-nos na enorme quantidade de produtos midiaticos desenvolvidos sob a otica do espetaculo, seja informacao ou entretenimento. Por fim, ressaltamos a educomunicacao como uma potencialidade de cooperacao ao trabalho educativo.
Gender Differences in Predicting Productivity of Faculty
Since the 1960s, the overall proportion of female faculty in higher education has increased significantly, from 20 percent in 1969 to 27 percent in 1984, although this improvement is not reflected in all disciplines (Ransom, 1990). In journalism, the percentage of women faculty rose from 10 percent in 1969 to 30 percent in 1984.' Despite these gains, the recent literature demonstrates that female faculty must still face a number of inequity issues (Hensel, 1990; Maitland, 1990; Moore & Sagaria, 1991). In the journalism and mass communication field, several studies have pointed out that female faculty members are less likely to be tenured (Fedler, Counts, & Smith, 1984; Grunig, 1987) and earn less than their male counterparts, controlling for such intervening variables as rank, years of teaching experience, and educational level (Stuart & Dickey, 1986; Weaver & Wilhoit, 1988; see also Fedler et al., 1984; Kelly, 1989; Stuart & Dickey, 1991). One should add, though, that this salary differential tends to be small after controls. Provided that some job inequalities persist between male and female faculty in schools and departments of journalism and mass communications, the next question we need to address is why? Research on academic women in U.S. universities has suggested that such a differential treatment occurs because female faculty tend to publish less than their male colleagues ( e g , Centra, 1974; Chamberlain, 1988; Fulton, 1975; Seeborg, 1990; Simeone, 1987). Some discipline-specific studies have also reported that male faculty members are significantly more productive than their female counterparts in education (e.g., Lipman-Blumen, Stivers, Tickamyer, & Brainard, 1975) and psychology (e.g., Bronstein, Black, Pfennig, & White, 1986; Guyer & Fidell, 1973). But again these differences are often small or tend to disappear when such controls as rank and academic experience are introduced. In journalism and mass communications, however, there is some evidence that female faculty are closing the publication gap. A growing number of content analyses have revealed a continuous increase in female authorship since the 1960s (Cooper, Stewart, & Friedley, 1985, 1990; Dupagne, Potter, Cooper, & Dashiell, 1991; Sharp, Turk, Einsiedel, Schamber, & Hollenback, 1985) . More recently, Dupagne, Potter, and Cooper (in press) have investigated authorship patterns by gender in eight leading communication journals from 1965 to 1989. They found