Criminalising LGBT Persons Under National Criminal Law and Article 7(1)(h) and (3) of the ICC Statute
type="graphical" xml:id="gpol12136-abs-0002"> The main religion in the majority of the states criminalising LGBT persons is not Islam but Christianity, if only by a small margin.
International Crimes
These crimes have been defined over time in a range of international conventions and agreements, beginning with the first Hague Conventions at the end of the 19th century, which established rules for military conduct during wartime. These agreements extended criminal responsibility not just to the direct perpetrators of a particular crime, but also to those who commanded, planned or allowed the crimes to take place.
Old topics, old approaches? ‘Reception’ in television studies and music studies
The question of reception is closely linked to the history and the roots of audience studies. But what is ‘reception’ and what exactly does it mean? As audience studies have developed from a contested novelty to a now established academic field, what do we do with a concept that defined our interests in the past and may now be too wide or even obsolete? This article deals with this issue by mapping how the concept of reception was conceptualized and researched in audience studies of the past ten years, with a focus on studies of music and studies of television. We find that in music, strong focus remains on music reception in the context of performances and events, and this lies in contrast to a small number of studies which instead focus on a framework of music in ordinary life and the audiences’ contextual localities. Concerning reception of television, much of the scholarship starts from the cultural studies tradition and looks at television viewing as a means to construct identities. Discussing these findings, we inquire whether the hybridization of media also implies a hybridization of research traditions and methodologies, and what consequences it has for the balance between textual, production and audience approaches.