The comprehensive study of liquid phase oxidation on GaAs-based transistor applications
The GaAs-based HEMTs with gate oxide and HBTs with surface passivation prepared by liquid phase oxidation (LPO) will be demonstrated. As compared to the Schottky-gate HEMTs, the lower gate leakage currents, higher breakdown voltages, and improved RF performances make the proposed technique suitable for high-power and high-speed applications. Moreover, the HBTs with oxide passivation possess the characteristics of lower surface recombination currents, higher breakdown voltage, and improved higher dc current gain.
A planarized shallow-trench-isolation for GaAs devices fabrication using liquid phase chemical enhanced oxidation process
A new planarized trench isolation technique for GaAs devices fabrication by a liquid phase chemical-enhanced oxidation (LPCEO) method is proposed. The LPCEO-trench-isolation technique can be operated at low temperature with a simple and low-cost process. As compared with conventional mesa isolation, the LPCEO-trench-isolation can provide better planarity and isolation properties. Finally, GaAs MOSFETs fabricated with LPCEO-trench-isolation and selective oxidized gate both by the LPCEO method are demonstrated.
The infection process, sporulation and survival of Alternaria helianthi on sunflower
SUMMARY 
 
Electron microscopy was used to study the infection of sunflower leaves by Alternaria helianthi. Conidia germinated by producing one to many germ tubes which grew across the leaf surface before forming appressoria. The fungus directly penetrated its host through the cuticle and epidermis. Entry into the host through wounds and stomates was also observed. Extracellular sheaths were found to be associated with germ tubes and intercellular hyphae of A. helianthi. Conidiophores developed through collapsed stomates, from leaf veins, trichomes and also from mycelium growing across the host leaf surface. Microcylic conidia were produced directly from parent conidia under certain conditions. Studies using a volumetric spore trap showed that the airborne spore concentration followed a distinct periodicity with peaks occurring between 0900 and 1100 h each day. Laboratory studies showed that safflower, noogoora burr and bathurst burr could serve as alternative hosts for A. helianthi. The pathogen was readily isolated from sunflower crop debris from a diseased crop that had been harvested 1 yr earlier.