Mass spectrometric study of the deterioration of polystyrene-based ion-exchangers.
A mass spectrometric study of the aging effects in polystyrene-based ion-exchangers has been made. Fragments in the m/e range 10-70 were examined and attributed to OH(+), H(2)O(+), CO(+), CO(+)(2), supplemented by SO(+) and SO(+)(2) from sulphonic-acid cation-exchangers. Ion-current intensities were found to be dependent on the state of the resin.
A study of the hydrolysis of indium and lanthanum ions by partition methods
Di-(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (DEHP) in toluene and a polystyrene sulphonate type cation-exchanger have been examined for the measurement of chemical equilibrium constants for the hydrolytic reactions of very dilute aqueous solutions of indium and lanthanum at constant ionic strength, μ = 3. DEHP provides a satisfactory means of measurement for indium but not lanthanum which necessitates working at such low hydrogen ion concentrations (⩽ 10−8 M) as to cause DEHP to partially transfer to the aqueous phase. Secondary metal ion exchange by the cation-exchanger prevented a satisfactory analysis of the partition data from this source.
Determination of glycollic acid in used antifreeze solutions
A method is described for the determination of the glycollic acid content of used antifreeze solutions of the inhibited ethylene glycol type. Insoluble matter is removed by treatment with zinc oxide and soluble cations are removed by means of an ion-exchange resin. Separation of the glycollic acid from ethylene glycol is achieved by the use of an anion-exchange resin. The glycollic acid is then eluted with sulphuric acid and treated with 2 : 7-dihydroxynaphthalene in concentrated sulphuric acid to give a coloured complex suitable for photometric measurement. IN connection with the analysis of used antifreeze solutions of the inhibited ethylene glycol type (D.T.D. 779) taken from water-cooled automobile engines, it became necessary to determine glycollic acid (or its salts) occurring as a decomposition product of the glycol. The available literature indicated that the most sensitive test for glycollic acid was based on its reaction with 2 : 7-dihydroxynaphthalene in concentrated sulphuric acid at 100" C. At this temperature the initial product of the reaction is readily oxidised by air to form a pronounced red-violet co1our.l