Ein Vergleich von single- und multi-issue Umweltorganisationen in der Klimapolitik.
The following dissertation examines, from an organizational point of view, processes of differentiation in the field of business management. It investigates whether these processes of differentiation, which indicate a shift away from the Fordian mass production towards a more flexible quality production, can also be observed amongst environmental associations. Besides, it looks into what kind of consequences such processes of differentiation would have on the effectiveness of environmental organizations. Two subfields of environmental politics are used to check the correctness of the assumption: the politics concerning the global warming and the German domestic debate about an ecological tax reform. Especially the international negotiations over the global warming that took place between 1995 and 1997 and the decision-making processes concerning an ecological tax reform since the elections in 1994 are discussed. The results of this investigations confirm the conjecture that, on the part of environmental organizations, a differentiation has occured between specialized organizations (single-issue organizations) and organizations with a more general thematic orientation (multi-issue organizations). Furthermore, the two types seem to be faced with characteristic dilemmas. While single-issue organizations display a degree of expertise that at least equals that of civil servants in the same sphere, multi-issue organizations are typically a lot more well-known. Therefore, single-issue organizations focus on lobbying whereas multi-issue organizations concentrate on public relations.
Das internationale Regime zum Schutz der Ozonschicht: Modell für das Klimaregime
Das internationale Regime zum Schutz der Ozonschicht wird vielfach als Modell fur das derzeit im Entstehen begriffene Regime zum Schutz des Weltklimas angesehen. Bei allen Unterschieden im Detail scheint es ein institutionelles Arrangement darzustellen, das es erlaubt, auch im horizontal strukturierten internationalen System erfolgreich gezielte Umweltpolitik zu betreiben.
Slotted Waveguide Antenna With Two Radiation Nulls
A design of a linear array antenna having two radiation nulls and otherwise omnidirectional radiation pattern is reported. A new configuration of a waveguide broad wall longitudinal slot doublet with positive and negative offsets with respect to the waveguide center line is used to design the array. This type of doublet produces two radiation nulls. Each of the null directions can be shifted at least up to plusmn25deg by proper choice of slot offset. Resonance and radiation characteristics of the proposed doublet are also presented. Finally, one linear array antenna consisting of seven doublets has been fabricated. Measurements show that the 15 dB null widths are 14.2deg and the null depths are at least 24.8 dB. Maximum gain ripple in the omnidirectional region is 1.75 dB.