Systematic description of laser phase by linearized Ito equations.
We show that well above threshold the use of linearized Ito quantum stochastic differential equation allow a systematic description of all quantum stochastic properties of laser light including the phase properties. This is accompanied by the use of mixed field-atom operators which are phase independent and around whose finite mean values we may linearize. As a consequence wee are able to derive an equation for an operator describing the phase properties of the laser light
Squeezed lasing without inversion or light amplification by coherence
We present a detailed analysis of the noise properties of a potential lasing scheme employing a coherently driven three-level system in the A configuration inside an optical cavity. We derive expressions for the steady-state laser intensity and the width of the intensity fluctuations and show that the output fields exhibit sub-Poissonian statistics for suitable operating conditions. The fundamental mechanism responsible for noise suppression is identified as increased intensity dissipation inside the cavity through emission and absorption by the atoms, which counteracts the intensity fluctuations
The role of dissolved oxygen in supercritical water in the oxidation of ferritic–martensitic steel
Abstract To assess the role of dissolved oxygen in supercritical water on the growth processes of oxide scales, a marker experiment of ferritic–martensitic steel was performed by exposing to supercritical water (H 2 16 O) containing marked 18 O 2 at 600 °C under 25 MPa. The oxide scale was analysed by using Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS). The oxygen isotope profile shows that dissolved oxygen and supercritical water react with metals simultaneously. Dissolved oxygen changes the oxidation/reduction potential of supercritical water leading to an increase in the oxidation rate. The oxidation rate increases with increase in dissolved oxygen content in supercritical water. The mechanism of the effect of dissolved oxygen on oxidation is discussed.