Comment: Appraising Employment Accommodation Rights for Visually Impaired Teachers in Ethiopia: Overview of Selected Cities
The stride of countries towards the implementation of international conceptions, standards and programmes is creating a fertile ground for persons with disability in their efforts to become part of the productive section of the population. Ethiopia’s Proclamation No. 568/2008 embraces the social-constructionist model, a conception of disability that strives towards the reduction of hurdles on the participation of disabled persons. Ethiopia has also ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability (CRPD) thereby endorsing accommodation in the employment rights of disabled persons. Arguably, Ethiopia did not go far enough in implementing the right of accommodation for visually impaired teachers in the high schools that are referred to in this comment, i.e., in Addis Ababa, Hawassa, Soddo and Arba Minch. This is attributable to the level of awareness of the employers about this right and the lack of finance to install some technological apparatus in this respect. Ethiopia should thus work hard to realize its commitment in the Convention by addressing the needs of Ethiopian teachers with visual impairment. Key words : Disability, visually impaired, medical model, quota model, social model, discrimination, Ethiopia
The Neglected and Forgotten Sexual Partner of the Physically Disabled
66 A PHYSICAL disability is never AA, experienced exclusively by the individual and therefore it is im portant to identify the concerns of the parents as well so that issues become understandable by the entire family system."1 These thoughts of Cole's apply as well to mates of those who are physically disabled, for they have needs and concerns that result from their partners' disabilities. When em incident occurs that causes one of the partners in a relationship to become physically disabled, this fact is often neglected or forgotten during the crisis and the rehabilitation period, which is unfortunate. The partner may experience a range of reactions to the disability, including fear, anxiety, pity, shame, anger, helplessness, hopelessness, loneliness, depression, worry, and sadness. A feeling of relief may also occur in some instances be cause the partner has had a desire to end the relationship or to change his or her role in some way. This feeling of relief is often quickly followed by guilt. Whatever emotions are involved, the immediate problems may appear in surmountable. Lack of information and exclusion from the treatment process add to the overwhelmed feel ing of the partner. Therefore, the ablebodied partner is also at risk. The exclusion of the ablebodied partner during the rehabilitative pro cess is common and is particularly evident in activities pertaining to sociosexual interaction. The partner may be coerced by the disabled mate to repress sexual, social, and emo tional needs. Newman, for example, says that
Complexity, Network-Decisions And Alternative Risk Premia: Some New Theories Of Structural Change And Portfolio Decisions.
Structural Change is the basis for many decisions such as government fiscal and monetary policies, government interventions, corporate-expenditure decisions, corporate strategic decisions, portfolio management decisions in finance; household allocation decisions, etc.. Structural change in industries and national economies is increasingly more difficult to detect partly because of the growth and dominance of Complex Systems and “Networks” in modern industries and economies – such Networks and Complex Systems include GVCs (global value chains), retail store networks; franchising networks; internet networks; services networks; credit-chains in industries; online social networks; etc.. The relationship between Complexity and Structural Change is well established in the physics, applied math and economic dynamics literatures. Traditional definitions and modeling of structural change have erroneously focused on changes in labor, technological progress, market share, and or capital – which are grossly inadequate in the new economy and post- global financial crisis (as confirmed by changes in the global retailing and housing industries and other industries). Also the modeling of structural change seems to be constrained by the availability of data, and often omits the relationship between structural change on one hand, and globalization, financial stability and international financial contagion. This article: i) introduces the Operations Strategy Model of structural change, explains how it differs from the Lewis Model of Structural Change; and explains the often omitted relationship between operations strategy (of companies and government agencies) and structural change; ii) introduces other new Complexity-based models/theories of Structural Change in industries; iii) reviews the relationships among Operations Research, Complexity and Structural Change; iv) explains the symbiotic relationship between structural change on one hand, and economic growth, financial stability, financial contagion and globalization; v) discusses the significant gap between academic research and practice and explains some issues and factors that should be considered in the development and testing of structural change models; vi) explains how alternative risk premia can be generated from new models of Structural Change.