First Astronomical Light with TIMMI2, ESO's 2nd-Generation Thermal Infrared Multimode Instrument at the La Silla 3.6-m Telescope
TIMMI, featuring a 64 × 64 gallium doped silicon array and mostly ger-manium refractive optics inside a solid-nitrogen/liquid-helium dewar, was in constant use until its decommission-ing in 1999 (cf. Stecklum et al. 1999). By then, the development of detectors had progressed so rapidly, that the instrument no longer appeared competitive. In fact, in 1993 ESO joined a consortium of French institutes to develop, based on the array used e.g. in TIMMI, a next-generation device (cf. e.g. Lucas et al. 1994). Already the format of this device (128 × 192 pixel) suggested that it would be desirable to build a new camera, rather than trying to use the new device in the existing setup. Even larger arrays were announced by US suppliers. To that end ESO had developed some basic ideas for the optics of a next-generation instrument for the La Silla 3.6-m telescope (cf. Käufl & De-labre, 1994). As a result of the La Silla 2000 questionnaire (see Anderson 1994) in The Messenger 78, ESO received a proposal from the A s t r o p h y s i k a l i s c h e s Institut und Sternwarte of the Friedrich-S c h i l l e r-Universität (FSU) in Jena, Germany, to build TIMMI2. This proposal , reflecting ESO's optical concept, was based on a modern cryostat cooled by a Closed Cycle Expansion Cooler Machine and was also featuring a polarimetric option (not available in TIMMI). Personnel cost and capital investments could largely be covered by funds raised by the Institute in Jena. The PI in Jena was Hans-Georg Reimann. After some negotiations , a Memorandum of Understanding was signed and the work began in early 1996. The design sketch of ESO (see above) was first transformed into a FEM 1 certified conceptual design, both for the optics and mechanics, by the company Jena-Optronik GmbH. Based on this work, the final design and the detail design of the instrument were done at the physics department of the FSU. To the extent that this was feasible, all mechanical parts were manufactured in the workshops of the FSU. In the course of the project, the group at the FSU could enlist a team from the Sternwarte der Universität Wien f o r
TIMMI 2: a combined astronomical MIR camera, spectrometer, and polarimeter for ESO
We present here briefly the scientific objectives, the mechanical design as well as the main components and observing modes of the new Thermal Infrared Multi Mode Instrument (TIMMI 2) for the 3.6-m telescope of European Southern Observatory (ESO) at La Silla, Chile. At greater detail we describe the optical design of the instrument.
Solitary Orbital Paget Disease: A Case Report
Purpose: To describe the clinical findings in a patient who had developed painless supraorbital prominence. Methods: Clinical and histopathological findings of the case are reviewed and presented. Results: The patient had an isolated histologically confirmed Paget disease of the orbit. Local excision of the lesion was performed. Conclusion: Paget disease can present not only as a diffuse process but also as a painless, solitary lesion of the orbit.