Price vs. revenue stabilization through a buffer stock: Which is more financially feasible for LDCs?
Abstract Optimal control theory is used to analyze the implications of the adoption of price and LDC export revenue stabilization objectives by an international buffer stock for cocoa. The results obtained for the period 1956–76 suggest that the stabilization of either price or revenue at systematic trend would reduce the instability of both variables from that during the sample period. Although the stabilization of revenues at systematic trend decreases their average level, the stabilization of price has the opposite effect. Because of this, it may be financially feasible for the LDCs to provide the necessary resources for a price-stabilizing buffer stock.
An analysis of International Bulfer Stocks for cocoa and copper through dynamic optimization
Abstract Optimal control theory is used to analyze buffer stock price stabilisation. Linear econometric models of the world cocoa and copper markets are estimated over the period 1956-75 and the simulated to determine the “systematic” price for each commodity—the price when stochastic sources of market variation are suppressed. Stabilization at this price reduces the instability of producer revenue and also increases total revenue for both commodities. However, the buffer stocks are expensive. Net costs over the period 1966-76 are estimated at $1.7 billion for cocoa and $0.9 billion for copper.
An Econometric Model of the World Copper Industry
This paper discusses a complete model of the world copper economy. Supply equations for primary copper are estimated for four principal producing countries and the rest of the world; demand equations are estimated for the United States, Europe, Japan, and the Rest-of-World. Scrap supply equations are estimated for the U.S. and non-U.S. sectors as are price adjustment equations. The model is closed with a net input equation for the United States and various identities. The two separate copper markets (U.S. and non-U.S.) are converted by inputs, the generally free London Metal Exchange and scrap markets, and the price-setting behavior of U.S. producers. The copper market is found to be characterized by low short-run but very high long-run price elasticities, making for considerable sensitivity to exogenous forces. The model, fitted to 1948-1969 data, is used for forecasting and simulation experiments. Generally, short-run forecasts are good and longer-run forecasts are not very satisfactory. Perhaps the most interesting finding of the simulation is the prediction that Chilean output would be very sluggish even in the absence of nationalization and that Chilean revenues would be substantially increased were the Chilean government to increase domestic mine production and to allow world prices to adjust accordingly.