Optimization of Methods and Systems for Strategic and Operational Management Accounting in Agricultural Enterprises
The article focuses on the cost management accounting system as a basis for effective strategic and operational management and a guarantor for maximum profit. It examines various methods of cost management in agricultural holdings and enterprises. Characteristics of the methods are presented in the article. Such conditions for the use of methods as division of costs into variable and fixed, determination of main activities, continuous cost control, marketing forecasts, product competitiveness, the state of internal processes of the enterprise are considered. Direct costing, CVP-analysis and Standard Cost are examined in more detail. The calculation of the contribution margin from cattle breeding products and appropriate management document are presented. The article explores advantages and disadvantages of methods with appropriate recommendations for their use in agricultural enterprises. The calculation of the actual costs variances from standards is shown. Prerogative ways of improving the management accounting system in an unstable financial situation through the appropriate choice of methods and cost management system are defined.
Innovation of a Technological Product with Utilizing the Target Costing Methodology
The modern business environment is characterized by high competitiveness. If an enterprise wishes to maintain a competitive edge and hang on to clients, it is very important to engage in innovative activities, even if there is no real justification for doing so. Such innovation in the business environment and cost structure is additionally a catalyst for change in cost management. Gradually, costs begin to be seen from a strategic perspective and planning is undertaken in the preproduction phase, as a consequence of this stage creating the greatest impact on any future success of a product. Varying perceptions of costs and the behavior pertaining to them also necessitates that adequate tools are developed for their strategic management, e.g., target costing. The aim of this paper is to present the upgrade of an electronic item - a sports light-emitting diode display, adapting it to be compatible with external devices running the Android operating system, in accordance with cost projection applied via the target costing methodology. Doing a target costing calculation through the procedure proposed allows for functional differentiation of the given product, specifically to satisfy the requirements of potential customers at an acceptable market price.
Carnival of Shame: Doctorow and the Rosenbergs
“Literature can turn language, for the moment at least, against the sentence of death.” Considering the national and international furor provoked by the sensational early 1950's “atom spy” trial and execution of Julius and Ethel Rosenberg, one may be surprised that these dramatic and traumatic events have not inspired more literary artistry than they have. But a prominent playwright, Arthur Miller, did write The Crucible (produced in 1953) in part as a response to the rabid McCarthyism of that era, and two highly regarded novelists in a later decade composed ambitious novels drawing directly on the Rosenberg affair: E. L. Doctorow in The Book of Daniel (1971) and Robert Coover in The Public Burning (1977). In 1987, Sidney Lumet produced the little noticed film Daniel, based on Doctorow's novel, and still more recently Tony Kushner's Pulitzer Prize-winning play, Angels in America, with Ethel Rosenberg as one of the characters, has been playing on Broadway.