Assuring the Quality of Impulse Voltage Calibration Results Issued by a Calibration Laboratory
This paper describes high-voltage impulse measurements made under the controlled conditions of a calibration or national measurement laboratory to establish the best agreement that could be achieved in comparison measurements on small reference dividers. This comparison to establish mutual international traceability between NRC and National Grid has shown that the peak voltage of a smooth lightning impulse was measured by both laboratories to within 0.2% with an estimated uncertainty of ±0.2% at a level of confidence not less than 95%. The authors make recommendations on how calibrations of reference measuring systems should be performed.
Digital impulse measurements meeting standards while pushing the limits
A brief outline of changes in recent versions of standards for digital voltage impulse measurements has been given. The authors support the use of the actual resolution in setting limits on the performance of digitizers. Measurements are presented that show how enhanced resolution based on oversampling can be used to give high accuracy in measurements. The authors propose that it is time to extend the standards to cover such features so that their use can be accepted in contractual tests that are covered by the standards.
Strategies for glass based photonic system integration
There is a clear tendency to integrate more and more opto-electronic and micro-optical components like optical fibers, laser diodes, modulators, isolators, beam-splitting components and micro lenses in also increasingly dense and complex assemblies. The paper will discuss thin glass as a very promising base material for that kind of photonic packaging on interposer and board level including optical interconnection using fibers.