Experimental Study for Structural Behaviour of Precast Lightweight Panel (PLP) Under Flexural Load
Precast lightweight concrete slab is first fabricated in workshop or industrial before construction and then transported to site and installed by skilled labour. It can reduce construction time by minimizing user delay and time for cast-in-situ to increase workability and efficiency. is environmental friendly and helps in resource reduction. Although the foamed concrete has low compressive strength compared to normal weight concrete but it has excellent thermal insulation and sound absorption. It is environmental friendly and helps in resource reduction. To determine the material properties of foamed concrete, nine cubes and six cylindrical specimens were fabricated and the results were recorded. In this study, structural behaviour of precast lightweight panel (PLP) with dry density of 1800 kg/m3 was tested under flexural load. The results were recorded and analysed in terms of ultimate load, crack pattern, load-deflection profiles and strain distribution. Linear Voltage Displacement Transducers (LVDT) and strain gauges were used to determine the deflection and strain distribution of PLP. The theoretical and experimental ultimate load of PLP was analysed and recorded to be 70 and 62 kN respectively, having a difference of 12.9%. Based on the results, it can be observed that PLP can resist the adequate loading. Thus, it can be used in precast industry for construction purposes.
COMPRESSION TEST AND FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF FOAMED CONCRETE CUBE
Foamed concrete is one of the most economical and industrialized construction materials in modern building construction market either for conventional construction technique or precast construction technique. However, the damage behavior of foamed concrete had not been explored deeply by researchers especially for its continuum damage mechanics and plasticity. This paper presents the results of compressive tests and finite element analysis of foamed concrete cubes. The focus of this paper is on the compressive behavior of foamed concrete. Three dimensional- nonlinear finite element model was developed and analyzed by the aquasi static technique using the ABAQUS explicit module. The input parameters of the model were obtained from experimental results. Concrete damaged plasticity was chosen as damaged criteria. Results show that the proposed finite element model is able to predict the damage behavior of the foamed concrete cube accurately. Thus, finite element method can be used as an economical tool for studying the structural behavior of foamed concrete in compression.
Substation automation based on IEC 61850 with new process-close technologies
New technologies in primary equipment like nonconventional instrument transformers require new interfaces to the substation automation system. The future standard IEC 61850 perfectly supports this requirement. With the introduction of the new technologies and the use of IEC 61850, a more decentralized architecture of the substation automation system will be possible. This provides several benefits but a careful system design is required to maintain the overall reliability of the system.