Trafficking in Persons in Indonesia: A Review on Current Anti-Trafficking Legislation Development
Trafficking in persons has become a global phenomena, including within Indonesia. Even now, Indonesia is identified as a source, transit, and destination country for victims of trafficking in persons for the purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. The victims include women, children, and men. However, Indonesia is committed to preventing trafficking in persons, punishing offenders, and protecting victims of trafficking. Towards this end, Indonesia is taking many strategic and practical steps to eradicate trafficking in persons; including enacting current specific anti-trafficking law to cope with this type of crime; i.e., Law No. 21 of 2007 on the Eradication of Criminal Act of Trafficking in Persons. This article examines the development of anti trafficking legislation in Indonesia, including international instruments, prior legislation, and current legislation adopted in coping with the criminal act of trafficking in persons. The results would provide more undertsnading pertaining to trafficking in persons in Indonesia and the development of acts adopted by the country in adressing this criminal act. Keywords: Indonesia, trafficking in persons, legislation development
International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, Vol. 4, Issue 1 (June) ISSN 2289-1552
ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan 2012-2015 described several potentialities for Myanmar tourism, among them pilgrimage tourism is outstanding, one for Myanmar and now, which country’s tourism has boomed since opening to the world with democratization. Tourists are flocking to this country, but increasing tourist capacity alone will not help if quality is not improved as well. Furthermore, choosing the desired tourist and monitoring around their experience in that way we can minimize the unnecessary impact on society and the environment. In this recent era, global tourism is practicing in experiential marketing, but in Myanmar there is no stress that regarded Memorable Tourism Experience of tourist who is nationals of ASEAN member and travel within ASEAN member states. When attempting to develop Memorable Tourism Experience that undertaking the category of Intra-ASEAN tourist to Myanmar which country is much potential for Tourism at a religious site and Thai tourists are currently outstanding at a religious site. This study intends to build a conceptual model to explore (MTE) Memorable Tourism Experience for specific tourist and tourists’ site. As a result of reviewing a number of tourism experience literature, this study can propose the MTE factors for Tourism at a religious site, these are; Attention; Effort; Emotion; and Attitudinal outcome. Thereby this study constructed forty experiences items based on sub component of MTE factors such as, expectation, interest, intellectual, knowledge, self-discovery, novelty, fresh, calm, joy, wonder and annoying. Data collecting has been taken by 600 questionnaires within 1 January to 31 January, 2014 nearby Shwedagon Pagoda, Yangon, Myanmar. Just 391 useable questionnaires were collected from the Thai tourists. The data are analyzed by using SPSS statistic 17.0 and the result is shown Attention, Effort, and Emotion factors are able to predict highly and positive attitude toward the destination (Attitudinal outcomes) and the forty experiences items are reduced to fourteen memorable experiences item underlying by four dimensions of MTE factors.
Effects of diet on urine composition of cats with calcium oxalate urolithiasis.
Ten client-owned cats with calcium oxalate (CaOx) urolithiasis were evaluated to determine the effect of diet on urine CaOx saturation. Two dietary treatments were evaluated in each cat: the diet consumed just prior to urolith detection and a canned diet formulated to prevent CaOx uroliths. This study revealed that hypercalciuria is a consistent abnormality in cats with CaOx urolith formation. When urolith-forming cats consumed a diet formulated to prevent urolith formation, activity product ratios for CaOx (which estimate the degree to which urine is saturated with CaOx) were significantly lower. These results suggest that consumption of an appropriately formulated urolith-prevention diet will reduce recurrence of CaOx urolithiasis.