Legal Issues in the United Nations Compensation Commission on Iraq
This article is a comprehensive interrogation of the legality or otherwise of the United Nations Compensation Commission  (UNCC) on Iraq; its establishment, operations and manifestations as the very first war reparation facility adopted by the Security Council on the basis of Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, and making it binding on an aggressor State. The paper argued that the UNCC, which is an interesting example of the institutionalisation of the United Nations compensation mechanism, is unprecedented in the UN’s compensation experience, in many respect. Although the design of the UNCC, however, fell within the tradition of war reparation facilities, in some respect, its operations, particularly subjecting the whole economy of Iraq to international control violated Iraq’s sovereignty. The paper concludes that despite the lacuna, the design of the UNCC would serve as a model for future compensation schemes. Keywords: Iraq, Compensation, Reparation, United Nations, UNCC, International Law.
Uncertain Steps into a Post‐Cold War World: The Role and Functioning of the UN Security Council after a Decade of Measures against Iraq
The 'case of Iraq' is the most important single issue the UN Security Council dealt with in the 1990s. It has strongly influenced the role and functioning of the Council in the international legal order. The case, which began with Iraq's invasion of Kuwait in 1990 and continued with a prolonged effort to induce Iraq's compliance with the post.conflict regime imposed by the Council, has brought together and exemplified the manifold problems, opportunities and pitfalls encountered by the Council on its way to establishing itself as the principal executive organ of the international community. The history of how the Council proceeded in the Iraq case since 1991 is one of the Council taking uncertain steps into a post-Cold War world. The Council was able to revitalize the collective security scheme devised in the UN Charter of 1945, therey claiming and maintaining its validity after the ruptures in the international system brought about first by the East-West antagonism and then by its sudden conclusion. Further, the Council embarked on a programme of work with profound normative consequences in international law. In a sort of tour d'horizon, this article tries to single out and discuss the most important aspects of the Council's role and functioning as influenced or altered by its handling of the Iraq case, in particular the problem of sanctions and the comprehensive post-conflict regime of Resolution 687 (1991), the extent of the Council's powers, the constitutional reform and procedure of the Council, and the enduring problem of 'legitimacy'.
Women and Politics in Early Tudor England
Political historians working on the early Tudor period have traditionally concentrated on institutions – monarchy, council, parliament, courts, and administrative bodies – that excluded women. The very definition of politics underlying the dominant historiography has thus made it seem both natural and inevitable to write history as if the world of high politics, the world that really counted, were exclusively male.