The effectiveness of low-emissivity coating on a polymer film
This work describes the effectiveness of low-emissivity (low-E) coating on the polymer film with TiO2/ZnO:Ga/Ag/ZnO:Ga/TiO2 structure and the results of heat monitoring. The characteristics of the coating which determine the reduction of heat loss by the low-E coating are given. Also the results of efficiency calculations for low-E coating are presented, such as resistance to heat transfer, heat savings when installing low-E coating on the polymer film, etc. The heat monitoring is carried out to determine the effectiveness of low-E coating. The results of heat monitoring illustrate the effectiveness of low-E coating.
Durability of Ag based low‐emissivity coatings
Films of ZnO/Ag/Sn/ZnO deposited by dc magnetron sputtering are being widely used as ‘‘heat mirror’’ films in architectural applications. The long‐term durability of these films has been studied through accelerated weathering and exposure to controlled atmospheres of C12, H2S, and moisture. After accelerated exposure, films were analyzed by ultraviolet–visible–near infrared and far infrared spectroscopy, Auger depth profiling, and scanning electron microscopy. No significant changes were seen in transmittance or infrared reflectivity. No interdiffusion of layers was seen in Auger profiling.
Effect of Calcium Glycerophosphate on Demineralization in an in vitro Biofilm Model
The aim was to investigate the anti-caries properties of calcium glycerophosphate (CaGP) using an in vitro bacterial flow cell model. Four flow cells, inoculated from a chemostat containing a seven-organism bacterial consortium, were pulsed with sucrose twice daily, to provide an acidic challenge and pH-cycling conditions. Blocks of enamel and dentine were mounted in each flow cell. In a study on the effect of CaGP concentration, CaGP was pulsed into three of the flow cells, at the same time as the sucrose, to give concentrations of 0.10, 0.25 and 0.50%. Water was pulsed into the fourth flow cell with the sucrose. Microradiography revealed a significant dose response of decreasing demineralization as CaGP concentration increased. Reductions at 0.25 and 0.5% were significant when compared to the control. A second study investigated the effect of timing of CaGP pulsing, relative to sucrose, on enamel and dentine demineralization. CaGP (flow cell concentration 0.2%), was pulsed 1 h before, during or 1 h after the sucrose pulse; a water control was employed. In enamel, pulsing CaGP before the sucrose reduced demineralization significantly compared to concurrent pulsing, which in turn gave a significant reduction compared to pulsing after sucrose, which did not reduce demineralization significantly compared to the water control. In dentine, CaGP reduced demineralization significantly only when pulsed before the sucrose. The findings suggest that in vivo, the anti-caries potential of CaGP may be greater if it is applied before a cariogenic challenge.