Superconducting bending magnets for compact synchrotron radiation source
A 180 degrees superconducting magnet has been constructed for a synchrotron radiation source. The authors describe the superconducting magnet design and some component test results for the compact synchrotron radiation source. The magnetic field at the electron orbit is 4.5 T. The bending radius is 0.593 m. The magnet has several features such as low liquid helium consumption ratio, persistent current operation, high homogeneous magnetic fields, and leakage flux shielding by the iron core surrounding the cryostat. Component tests of persistent current switches of 15 Omega and 3 Omega and a superconducting joint test have been performed.<<ETX>>
A superconducting spectrometer magnet system for the detection of heavy isotopes
LASSY is a proposed large angle gas filled spectrometer for detecting and analyzing heavy nuclei generated when a heavy ion beam (such as fully stripped argon) collides with an actinide thin film target (such as curium). With luck, superheavy nuclei, up to atomic number 114 to 116, produced at the target. In order to improve acceptance and resolution of the shortest lived nuclei, the length of the magnet system must be as short as possible. The LASSY spectrometer consists of a 4 to 6 T superconducting magnet that produces 2.5 Tm of bending (bend radius induction product) with a bend angle of 135 degrees or more. Particles generated at the target (and there decay products) must be focused on an electronic detector less than 3 meters from the target, The resulting spectrometer magnet is quite complex with sections that focus as well as bend the particles from the target. This report presents two possible designs for a large superconducting bending magnet that is a pure bending magnet in the center with defocusing bending sections at the ends of the magnet. This paper shows how one might build bending magnet that is in sections, with each section having a tunable quadrupole and sextupole field in addition to the dipole field.
Linguistic experts as semantic tour guides
This article examines the phenomenon of linguists testifying as experts on meaning in legal disputes over the interpretation of statutes, contracts, transcripts of tape-recorded conversations, and other important legal texts before courts in the USA. It concludes that there is an important role for linguists in such cases -- the role of the tour guide. It suggests that judges need not be concerned about linguists usurping the traditional roles of the judge and the jury as ultimate interpreters provided that the linguist's testimony is appropriately circumscribed.