Reflection and transmission of elastic waves at viscous liquid/micropolar elastic solid interface
Amplitude ratios of various reflected and transmitted elastic waves from a plane interface separating a viscous liquid half-space and a micropolar elastic solid half- space, are obtained in two cases (i) when longitudinal wave propagating through the solid half-space is made incident at the interface and (ii) when "coupled-wave" propagating through the solid half-space is made incident at the interface. These amplitude ratios have been computed numerically for a specific model and results obtained are presented graphically. It is found that these amplitude ratios depend on the angle of incidence of the incident wave and the effect of viscosity of the liquid on amplitude ratios is noticed. The problem studied by Tomar and Kumar (1995) has been reduced as a special case of our problem.
Reflection and refraction of longitudinal wave at an interface between two micropolar elastic solids in welded contact
The problem of reflection and refraction of a longitudinal wave at an interface between two micropolar elastic solids is discussed. Amplitude ratios and energy ratios for various reflected and refracted waves have been obtained for a longitudinal wave impinging obliquely at a plane discontinuity of two linear micropolar elastic solids in welded contact. Numerical values of the amplitude ratios and energy ratios have been computed as a function of angle of emergence of the wave, for a specific model, and these have also been plotted graphically. Amplitude ratios as a function of frequency have also been computed and exhibited graphically. The results of Parfitt and Eringen [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 45, 1258–1272 (1969)] have been derived as a special case. Some other special cases are discussed.
European Consumer Access to Justice Revisited
Part I. Setting the Stage: Access to Justice 2.0: 1. At the very outset 2. Access to justice 2.0: breaking it into pieces Part II. Procedural Law: The Traditional Pillar of Access to Justice 2.0: 3. A brief outline of the developments at the pan-EU level 4. Prime examples 5. Compensatory collective redress: the next step? 6. Where to go from here? Part III. Substantive Law: Complementing Access to Justice 2.0: 7. Widening the scope of the value-oriented justice discussion 8. Substantive consumer law-making in the course of time 9. Recent trends and developments 10. The common European sales law 11. Summarising comments on the defragmentation of substantive consumer laws in the context of the CRD and the CESL Part IV. Consumer Access to Justice 2.0: A Multidimensional Framework: 12. From the current state of consumer law to consumer access to justice 2.0 13. The justice debate and consumer legislation 14. (Responses to) counter-arguments to third-party intervention 15. Consumer empowerment 16. Lessons to be drawn.