Status of China in Science and Technology as Reflected in its Publications Output, 1997–2007
The study examines China’s performance in science and technology (S&T) during 1997–2007, based on several parameters including the country’s annual average growth rate, global publication share and rank, strong and weak subject areas (in terms of national priority, international collaborative share and global share), institutional profiles of select top institutions, the overall international collaboration profile and major collaborative partners, patterns of communication in national and international journals and characteristics of its top highly cited papers. The study also compares similarities of China’s research profile with nineteen other top productive countries.
China's quantitative expansion phase: exponential growth but low impact
It is shown that although China’s publication share in the world has been increasing exponentially, its impact defined as the number of citations per publication lags far behind. This state of affairs is expressed as a ‘quantitative expansion phase’. China’s science needs to move from the ‘quantitative expansion’ phase in which it is nowadays to a ‘rising quality’ phase. Correspondingly scientists’ motivation for publishing papers must shift from ‘driven by benefit’ to ‘driven by excellence and timeliness’. Currently, China’s science although blending into the world, is not yet a full player in its major league. Yet, all growth-related graphs show an exponential increase. Moreover, doubling times calculated in this article are clear indications that, despite obvious problems and short-comings, the quality of Chinese research as a whole is increasing very quickly. We conclude that, if the necessary measures are taken and the observed exponentially increasing trend continues, the impact of Chinese research results will soon catch up with that of other major countries.
The Handbook of Nanotechnology: Business, Policy, and Intellectual Property Law
Acknowledgments. Foreword. Introduction. Part I: Introduction to Nanotechnology. Chapter 1: Understanding Nanotechnology. Chapter 2: The Industrial Structure Giving Rise to Nanotechnology. Part II: Nanotechnology Policy and Regulation. Chapter 3: Societal and Ethical Implications. Chapter 4: Environmental Regulation. Chapter 5: The Patent and Trademark Office. Chapter 6: FDA Regulation. Chapter 7: National Security and Export Controls. Chapter 8: Federal Funding. Chapter 9: Conclusions. Part III: Nanotechnology Business. Chapter 10: Starting a Nanotech Company. Chapter 11: Business Plans and Strategy. Chapter 12: Early Stage Financing. Chapter 13: Intellectual Property. Chapter 14: Corporate Partnering and Globalization. Chapter 15: Consolidation and Standardization. Chapter 16: Exit Opportunities. Chapter 17: Conclusions. Notes. About the Authors. Index.