Upland policy and archaeological resources in North Wales
Abstract Implementation of post-war policies for the uplands has resulted in considerable impacts upon archaeological resources, which have gone largely unrecorded. A study of western Clwyd, North Wales has identified forestry and the improvement of upland vegetation for agriculture as primary causes of damage to archaeological sites. Both involve deep ploughing which is particularly destructive. Evidence suggests, albeit on a small number of samples, that Scheduled Ancient Monuments, despite their statutory protection against damage, are equally at risk as other sites of lesser importance.
The EEC less favoured areas directive: Implementation and impact on upland land use in the UK☆
Abstract This article contains an analysis of the implementation of the Less Favoured Areas Directive in the UK. The LFA policy of the EEC provides for the support of agriculture in designated areas, in order to sustain rural populations and to protect the countryside. In the UK, the directive has simply been absorbed into existing policy for upland areas. This policy seeks to maximize the production of sheepmeat and store cattle through agricultural intensification. Grants and subsidies have led to considerable deterioration of the upland landscape and wildlife resources of the uplands, with little discernable impact on maintaining rural populations.
Solidarity. Reflections on an Emerging Concept in Bioethics. Summary
1. References to solidarity are currently on the increase in public discourse. In the UK and beyond, during economic crises and in a political climate where many feel that mutual assistance has lost currency, calls for a new and forceful emphasis on the meaning of solidarity are increasingly heard. Such appeals to solidarity are inevitably linked to ideas about how societies function, and about how and where the boundary between individual, familial, communal and societal spheres of responsibilities should be drawn.