Structures of angrendiol, ferolin, and chimganidin
SummaryOn the basis of the results of a study of the products of chemical transformations and spectra, the structure of angrendiol has been established as 4,8-dihydroxygermacra-1(10), 5(6)-diene. It has been shown that ferolin and chimganidin are monoesters of angrendiol with parahydroxybenzoic and vanillic acids, respectively, at the secondary hydroxy group.
Terpenoids—L : Transformation products of costunolide
Abstract Costunolide, containing a ten-membered carbocyclic ring system with the unique distribution of double bonds, undergoes many interesting transformations. The diol prepared by lithium aluminium hydride reduction of costunolide when subjected to metal amine reduction gives a hydrocarbon, C15H26, a secondary alcohol, C15H26O, and a primary alcohol, C15H26O, and a primary alcohol, C15H26O to which structures, VIII, X and XII have been assigned on the basis of spectral data and their conversions to elemene-type products on pyrolysis and to mono-ethenoid bicyclic products on acid catalysed cyclization. The secondary alcohol X has been converted to d -junenol which constitutes a new synthesis of the alcohol from costunolide. Pyrolysis and acid catalysed cyclization of 12-methoxydihydrocostunolide have also been described.
Use of a specific antiserum for renin detection in human kidney.
The use of anti-human renin antibodies made possible the intrarenal localization of renin in human kidney by immunofluorescence. In normal kidney, only some juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) were fluorescent. In these JGA, granular or diffuse fluorescence was only seen in afferent arterioles and was not present in all cells. In the ischemic areas of partially infarcted kidney, fluorescence was seen in all JGA and in interlobular arteries. In these arteries the most eccentric cells were often the most positive. In the nonischemic areas of the same kidneys, fluorescence was not seen in JGA, but was observed in proximal tubular cells, suggesting the reabsorption of filtered renin at this site.