Levitation-guidance stabilization of superconducting maglev through LSM currents
This paper presents a modeling and simulation of a superconducting maglev vehicle with a levitation and guidance assist method we have proposed. The assist system stabilizes and assists the vehicle operation so that the vehicle does not need to depend on the mechanical wheels as much as possible at low speeds. By controlling the LSM armature currents, the auxiliary levitation and guidance forces are provided. The results show that the assist system produces appropriate levitation and guidance forces, establishing the reference levitation height and a sufficient guidance at low speeds even against the disturbance force of lateral wind.
Propulsion control of superconducting linear synchronous motor vehicle
The armature current of a superconducting Linear Synchronous Motor (LSM) for a maglev vehicle is controlled to produce a suitable propulsion force so that the vehicle follows the reference speed signal sent from a control station. Besides the power is supplied from some inverters to the LSM armature sections where the vehicle exists. This paper shows an exact mathematical modeling of the propulsion control system to treat the system analytically, which is used for designing controllers and performance computer simulations. The calculated results include the simulations when the vehicle goes through power feeder section borders and tunnels that have a large aerodynamic drag force with account taken of inverter failure.
The General Theory of Relativity
THE WORD “SPECIAL” IN “SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY” means that the theory is restricted to those frames of reference for which the law of inertia holds, that is, inertial frames of reference.* Einstein sometimes referred to them as Galilean frames of reference. At first glance, it does not seem reasonable to expect that the principle of relativity can be extended to non-inertial frames. The reasons are fairly obvious. The principle of relativity that we have been using states that the laws of physics have the same form in all frames of reference to which the principle applies. In other words there should be no way to determine by an experiment which of two frames of reference is in motion relative to the other.