Properties and structure of AlSiN and AlSiON films
Magneto-optical disks employ rare earth-transition metal amorphous alloy films (RE-TM films) as recording films, therefore improvement of the corrosion resistance of such disks is an important problem which must be resolved to enable practical application. Development of protective layers for magneto-optical disks is important to improving corrosion resistance. Such protective layers must offer excellent protective performance, and must also have a large refractive index in order that a large Kerr effect enhancement be obtained. AlSiN and AlSiON films are being developed for use as protective films meeting these requirements. However, as yet not much is known about the structure, bonding states, and relation between composition and refractive index of such films. This article reports on the refractive indices, structures, and bonding states of AlSiN and AlSiON sputtered films.
Direct-contact type image sensors using a novel amorphous-silicon photodiode array
A novel type of amorphous-silicon (a-Si:H) photodiode array for direct-contact type (lens-less) line image sensors was developed. A U-shaped top ITO (tin-doped indium oxide) contact and a rectangular a-Si:H window resolves the accumulation of dust from the documents at the steps of the light window. Semi-insulating Al-Si-N and insulating SiN/sub X/ stacked films are successfully applied to the surface protection layer to prevent a charge buildup by friction with documents.<<ETX>>
Effect of spray nozzle design on liquid-solid contact in fluidized beds
Abstract In industrial fluid cokers the feedstock, consisting of heavy bituminous hydrocarbons, is atomized with steam and injected into a hot fluidized bed of coke. Good and uniform contact of the liquid droplets with the solid particles is required to provide heat for the cracking reactions while minimizing mass transfer effects. Experiments in a pilot plant coker have suggested that the initial particle/liquid mixing, in the spray jet, is rather poor. Experiments in a X-ray scanner showed that liquid droplets and entrained particles accumulate just below the tip of the jet plume to form agglomerates. An experimental technique was used to quantitatively determine the quality of mixing with a variety of nozzle configurations including several novel designs. By improving spray stability, redistributing liquid droplets to the solids-rich region of the jet and increasing the surface area of the gas–liquid jet-fluidized bed interface, liquid/solid contact is improved.