Ligand sensitized luminescence of uranyl by benzoic acid in acetonitrile medium: a new luminescent uranyl benzoate specie.
Benzoic acid (BA) is shown to sensitize and enhance the luminescence of uranyl ion in acetonitrile medium. Luminescence spectra and especially UV-Vis spectroscopy studies reveal the formation of tri benzoate complex of uranyl i.e. [UO2(C6H5COO)3](-) which is highly luminescent. In particular, three sharp bands at 431, 443, 461nm of absorption spectra provides evidence for tri benzoate specie of uranyl in acetonitrile medium. The luminescence lifetime of uranyl in this complex is 68μs which is much more compared to the lifetime of uncomplexed uranyl (20μs) in acetonitrile medium. In contrary to aqueous medium where uranyl benzoate forms 1:1 and 1:2 species, spectroscopic data reveal formation of 1:3 complex in acetonitrile medium. Addition of water to acetonitrile results in decrease of luminescence intensity of this specie and the luminescence features implode at 20% (v/v) of water content. For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the existence of [UO2(C6H5COO)3](-) specie in acetonitrile is reported. Mechanism of luminescence enhancement is discussed.
Spectroscopic investigation of europium benzoate in acetonitrile: Luminescence enhancement and complexation studies
Abstract Luminescence from Eu3+ complexed with benzoic acid (BA) has been studied using acetonitrile (MeCN) as solvent. More than two orders luminescence enhancement is found as compared to Eu3+–BA complex in aqueous medium. The lifetime of Eu3+ in this complex is 900 μs which is much higher as compared to 118 μs in aqueous medium, suggesting the luminescence enhancement is a result of reduction in non-radiative decay channels in MeCN medium. Luminescence spectroscopy along with UV–vis spectroscopy is used to study the complexation behavior of Eu3+–BA in this medium. In contrary to aqueous medium where Eu3+–BA forms ML and ML2 type species, spectroscopic data reveal formation of only ML3 complex with composition Eu(BA)3(MeCN)6 in MeCN medium. Absorbance, luminescence lifetimes and the ratio of areas of 615–592 nm peaks are used in HypSpec computation program to determine the log β for the ML3 complex.
Comparative study of in vitro flow characteristics between a human aortic valve and a designed aortic valve and six corresponding types of prosthetic heart valves.
A model of a pulsatile cardiovascular system is described including an electronic control, a hydraulic driving unit, a volume storage, a peripheral resistance and measuring equipment. Six different artificial heart valves, a designed aortic valve (Aachen pockett valve II) and a human aortic valve have been tested in the outflow position of the pump. Three of them are presently being used in clinical applications. Measurements of pressure and volume flow have been obtained for different frequencies n, pump volumes Vp and time ratios between pressure and suction phase. From the experimental results a comparative evaluation was deducted for different working conditions. In comparison to natural human aortic valve (NK) large volume flow is verified by the Aachen pocket valve II (AT), the Gott-Dagget value (GD), the Starr-Edwards valve (SE) and the Lillehei-Kaster valve (LK). The Gott-Daggett valve has the smallest back flow volume. The Smeloff-Cutter and in particular the Wada-Cutter valve have the largest regurgitation. This is to be expected since the Cutter valves are purposely so designed that they do not close tightly in order to avoid blood sedimentation. The human aortic valve, the Gott-Daggett valve and the Aachen pocket valve demonstrate the most favourable opening-closing characteristics. The human aortic valve achieves a negligible pressure loss, followed by the Björk-Shiley and the Lillehei-Kaster valve.