Temperature control and monitoring system for power transformer windings using fiber optic sensors
On-line monitoring of function and condition parameters and the efficiency of the cooling system are key elements in determining the working condition of transformers. This paper presents the implemented hardware and software solutions for carrying out the winding temperature on-line monitoring system using fiber optic sensors. The actual winding temperature is a measurand which defines the condition, load capacity and operating life of transformers. By carrying out the temperature control and monitoring system for power transformer windings using fiber optic sensors, ICMET Craiova aligned itself to the requirements of the international standards.
HOT SPOT STUDIES FOR SHEET WOUND TRANSFORMER WINDINGS
Application of sheet windings is common practice for distribution transformers but is usually only applied to small power transformers. While high eddy losses do occur in some part of the sheet winding a 10 MVA unit has been design and tested to meet IEEE requirements on winding hot spot temperature. Finite element analysis was used to determine the location and magnitude of highest loss density. Thermal modeling was validated with direct measurement of temperature. Fiber optic temperature sensors have been successfully deployed during the temperature rise test to demonstrate accuracy of thermal modeling and loading capability of this prototype transformer.
General Packet Radio Service [GPRS]
Discusses the evolution from GSM to GPRS communications. The network architecture, protocol stack, and mobility management are discussed.