Hadron shower decomposition in a highly granular calorimeter
The spatial development of showers induced by positive hadrons with momenta 10-80 GeV in the highly granular CALICE scintillator-steel analogue hadronic calorimeter is analysed. The parametrisation of both longitudinal and radial shower profiles with the two- component functions are fit to the test beam data and simulations using the physics lists QGSP_BERT and FTFP_BERT from GEANT4 version 9.6 patch 01. The shower parameters, describing the longitudinal tail and radial halo, are in good agreement between data and simulations and are similar for pions and protons. For the longitudinal development, the most significant difference between data and simulations is in the relative containment of the separated components. For the radial development, the core slope parameter is underestimated by simulations. The physics list FTFP_BERT gives a very good description of proton showers in the studied energy range and gives better predictions of the pion shower development than QGSP_BERT.
Beam test of a small MICROMEGAS DHCAL prototype
A sampling hadronic calorimeter with gaps instrumented with thin MICROMEGAS chambers of small pad size and single bit readout is a candidate for an experiment at a future linear collider. Several MICROMEGAS chambers with 1 cm2 anode pads were fabricated using the Bulk technology. Some prototypes equipped with analog readout GASSIPLEX chips were developed for characterisation at the CERN/PS facility. A stack of four chambers and stainless steal absorber plates was used to assess the behaviour of MICROMEGAS in 2 GeV electron showers. Longitudinal and transverse shower profile are shown. The Bulk fabrication process was adapted to laminate a mesh on anode PCBs with front-end chips connected on the backside. It is well suited for the construction of a 1 m3 DHCAL-MICROMEGAS prototype as large and thin chambers can be made. Such chambers with digital readout chips (HARDROC or DIRAC) were fabricated and tested in a beam. First results are presented.
Rotating dialysis cell as in vitro release method for oily parenteral depot solutions.
The purpose of the study was to investigate an in vitro release method based on a rotating dialysis cell for parenteral oil depot formulations using different model conditions and test formulations. The total amount of drug released from the rotating dialysis cell was in accordance with the theoretical values calculated from the partition coefficients. The release rates were shown to depend on the total amount of drug available for the release process and to follow first order kinetics. The rotating dialysis cell has a potential as in vitro release method for characterization of oily depot formulations for parenteral administration.