Factors Affecting the Primary School Participation of Pastoralists: A Case Study from Ethiopia
The study investigated the status of primary school participation of pastoralist children. It was conducted in Bench Maji zone of the S/N/N/P/R/G in Ethiopia. The main focus of the study was to identify the major constraints that hinders the participation of pastoral Suri children. To this end, case study method was employed. Data were gathered from 20 teachers, 16 PTA’s, 20 community elders, 5 educational experts, and 2 administrators through in-depth interview and focus group discussion. Community elders, educational experts and administrators were selected by purposive method. Teachers and Parent Teacher Association [PTA] were selected by availability sampling. The data from documentary analysis indicated that the status of pastoral Suri children participation in the primary school is extremely low. Based on findings, school related constraints, socio-economic constraints and Socio – cultural constraints were found to be the major barriers to the educational participation of pastoral Suri children. Hence, it is concluded that the participation of pastoral Suri children in the primary schools was a function of school related constraints, socio – economic and socio – cultural constraints. Depending on the result of the findings, formulation of policy and strategy to pastoral Suri children was recommended. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n23p1386
Pastoralists, ethnicity and the state in Ethiopia.
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The Smoke of London: Energy and Environment in the Early Modern City
Prologue: the smoke of London Part I. Transformations: 1. The early modernity of London 2. Fires: London's turn to coal, 1575-1775 3. Airs: smoke and pollution, 1600-1775 Part II. Contestations: 4. Royal spaces: palaces and brewhouses, 1575-1640 5. Nuisance and neighbours 6. Smoke in the scientific revolution Part III. Fueling Leviathan: 7. The moral economy of fuel: coal, poverty, and necessity 8. Fueling improvement: development, navigation, and revenue 9. Regulations: policing markets and suppliers 10. Protections: the wartime coal trade Part IV. Accommodations: 11. Evelyn's place: fumifugium and the royal retreat from urban smoke 12. Representations: coal smoke as urban life 13. Movements: avoiding the smoky city Epilogue Bibliography Index.