Study on Risk Management of Investment on Food and Drug Safety of Fiddlehead
Fiddlehead has been used in traditional Chinese medicine since Han Dynasty. However fiddlehead are still underutilized and hence wasted. In order to better utilize fiddlehead resources, the drug safety of benzene/alcohol extractives from fiddlehead were analyzed by GC/MS. Relative content of each component was determined by area normalization. The main ingredients of benzene/alcohol extractives of fiddlehead were toluene,2-furancarboxaldehyde, 5-(hydroxym ethyl)-, n1-(4-hydroxybutyl)-n3-methylguani dine acetate, 1,3-dihydroxyacetone dimer, sulfurous acid, cyclohexylmethyl hexadecyl ester, 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxanonadecane, 18-propyl-, 1,6-anhydro-.beta.-d-glucopyranose(levoglucosan), oxirane, hexadecyl-, etc. The results obtained fully indicated that the benzene/alcohol extractives of fiddlehead had the great potential of noble natural biomedicines.
Application of Response Surface Methodology for Extraction Optimization of Water-soluble Polysaccharides from Pteridium aquilinum
The optimum conditions for the extraction of the water-soluble polysaccharides from Pteridium aquilinum were determined using response surface methodology (RSM). A central-composite experimental design (CCD) was used to investi-gate the interaction effects of three independent variables, namely liquid-solid ratio, extraction temperature and extraction time. Also, the antioxidant activity of the crude polysaccharides obtained from Pteridium aquilinum was investigated in this study. The optimum conditions are as follows: liquid-solid ratio 18.8:1 (V/W), extraction temperature 62.5 ℃ and extraction time 5.9 h. The crude polysaccharide shows excellent antioxidant activity according to FARP antioxidative assay.
Effect of extraction techniques on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of Eucalyptus camaldulensis var. brevirostris leaf oils
Abstract The volatile oil compositions of Eucalyptuscamaldulensis var. brevirostris leaves obtained by hydrodistillation (HD) and supercritical fluid extraction methods (SFE) were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively by GLC-MS. Ninety different components were separated and most of them identified. In both extracts the main constituents were found to be β-phellandrene (8.94 and 4.09%), p–cymene (24.01 and 10.61%), cryptone (12.71 and 9.82%) and spathulenol (14.43 and 13.14%). The yield of the monoterpene hydrocarbons in HD oil (0.288 g/100 g fresh leaves) was slightly higher compared with that in the SFE extract (0.242 g/100 g fresh leaves). The SFE extract possessed higher concentrations of the sesquiterpenes, light oxygenated compounds and heavy oxygenated compounds than the HD oil. The relationship between the antioxidant activity and chemical composition of the extracted oils was investigated. The significant amounts of p–cymen-7-ol and thymol are responsible for the antioxidative activity of both extracts. The concentration of both compounds, but especially that of p–cymen-7-ol (2.25%), is higher in the SFE extract. This corresponds with the higher antioxidative activity of the SFE compared with the HD extract. p–Cymen-7-ol, a compound newly identified in leaves of Eucalyptus species, exhibited superior antioxidant activity in comparison with that of butylated hydroxyanisole.