Optimized Design of 8-Figure Null-Flux Coils in EDS Maglev.
The 8-figure null-flux ground coils in EDS (Electro-Dynamic Suspension) including the PLG (combined Propulsion, Levitation and Guidance) system, which can both suspend and propel maglev vehicles simultaneously, have mainly longitudinal and vertical dimensions such as coil pitch and heights of upper and lower coils. In this paper we investigate these dimensions not only to balance the basic performance for levitation, guidance and propulsion, but also to reduce magnetic disturbance of superconducting magnet. By using an optimization program, we induced the relationship between the basic performance and these dimensions. Furthermore, by implementing a modal analysis, we predicted the vibration of superconducting magnet in different pitches, and thereby proposed these dimensions to decrease the vibration.
Electrodynamic Gravity Generator
Weightless environment in space is causing numerous deleterious effects on human health, complicating all human activities and material handling. For long-term stays in space it will be needed to achieve at least partial gravity conditions. It is necessary to generate artificial gravity and to design a kind of artificial gravity generators as a life support and habitation systems. Rotation is in the focus of all artificial-gravity research because centripetal acceleration generated by rotation can be substitute for gravity. A very effective way to spin an object in space is to use electrodynamic technologies based on Eddy-currents. Deep space is cold vacuum without gravity forces so it offers significant advantages. The aim is to obtain controlled rotation of habitat for generating gravity sensation by means of guidance and velocity control by a unified trajectory control system made of propulsion and steering subsystems. Employing superconducting electrodynamic technologies in space could result in development of a new critical technologies to enable human exploration missions and design of human habitats, achieving the old idea of a rotating wheel-shaped space station generating gravity sensation on its inside hull. Nomenclature a = relative acceleration acor = Coriolis acceleration acp = centripetal acceleration EDGG = electrodynamic gravity generator EDS = electrodynamic suspension EMS = electromagnetic suspension EVA = extra-vehicular activities EA = induced voltage in rotation generator FP = propulsion force g = acceleration due to gravity ga = total artificial gravity acceleration Fr = radial component of the magnetic force acting between moving SCM and null-flux coil Fx = X component of the magnetic force acting between moving SCM and null-flux coil Fy = Y component of the magnetic force acting between moving SCM and null-flux coil Fz = Z component of the magnetic force acting between moving SCM and null-flux coil FP = propulsion force I = loop current IA = armature current in rotation generator i = circuit mesh current Maglev = magnetic levitation Ms = mutual inductance between SCM and loops of figure-eight null-flux coils pair n = spin rate PA = active power r = radial distance from the center of rotation SCM = super conducting magnet v = relative tangential velocity ω = angular velocity ψ = phase angle between the armature current and induced voltage
Pioneer 10 Observations of the Ultraviolet Glow in the Vicinity of Jupiter
A two-channel ultraviolet photometer aboard Pioneer 10 has made several observations of the ultraviolet glow in the wavelength range from 170 to 1400 angstroms in the vicinity of Jupiter. Preliminary results indicate a Jovian hydrogen (1216 angstrom) glow with a brightness of about 1000 rayleighs and a helium (584 angstrom) glow with a brightness of about 10 to 20 rayleighs. In addition, Jupiter appears to have an extensive hydrogen torus surrounding it in the orbital plane of Io. The mean diameter of the torus is about equal to the diameter of the orbit of Io. Several observations of the Galilean satellites have also occurred but only a rather striking Io observation has been analyzed to date. If the observed Io glow is predominantly that of Lyman-α, the surface brightness is about 10,000 rayleighs.