The Ohlone/Costanoan-Esselen Nation of Monterey, California: Dispossession, Federal Neglect, and the Bitter Irony of the Federal Acknowledgment Process
T s article presents a sketch of the Ohlone/Costanoan-Esselen Nation of Monterey County, California, focusing on the making of the tribe's federally unacknowledged status. Consisting of over four hundred fifty enrolled members, the Ohlone/Costanoan-Esselen Nation (hereafter OCEN, Esselen Nation, or Esselen) is currently petitioning to clarify its status as an American Indian tribe through the federal acknowledgment process (FAP) administered by the Branch of Acknowledgment and Research (BAR), Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). A history of junctures between federal action and acknowledgment of this community and instances of governmental neglect fostered the dispossession of tribal lands. I begin by briefly exploring the effects of Spanish colonization and missionization on the initial treatment of this tribal community by the federal government after American occupation. I argue that coastal, missionized Indians were overlooked during a period of treaty making in the 1850s as they were deemed already "domesticated," due in large part to their incorporation into the ~ 41 dominant economic order. I end by discussing the implication of this history for the Esselen Nation's struggle for federal acknowledgment and for the federal acknowledgment process. Simply put, the FAP criteria of sociocultural and political persistence and external recognition do not account for 230 years of state-sponsored violence, crass federal neglect, expropriation, and assimilationist policies.
Tribal synthesis: Piros, Mansos, and Tiwas through history
Le present article est une etude critique des theories anthropologiques recentes sur le tribalisme indigene, a partir de donnees ethnographiques et historiques sur la tribu indienne Piro-Manso-Tiwa du Nouveau-Mexique. Bien que les debats sur le constructionnisme, le capitalisme neo-tribal et les approches proprietaires de la culture apportent un eclairage precieux sur les recentes revendications culturelles et luttes politiques indigenes, ils presentent d'importantes limitations. L'approche adoptee par l'auteur, qualifiee de « synthese tribale », met l'accent sur le processus, la notion d'agent, l'interdependance et l'evolution des repertoires politiques et culturels des peuples natifs cherchant a survivre dans un contexte de domination politique et de conflit interne. Cette approche fait appel au meilleur de la theorie critique recente, dans une anthropologie de soutien qui se veut l'alliee des luttes indigenes.
The Spanish Civil War
Since its first publication, Hugh Thomas' "The Spanish Civil War" has become established as the definitive one-volume history of a conflict that continues to provoke intense controversy today. What was it that roused left-wing sympathizers from all over the world to fight against Franco between 1936 and 1939? Why did the British and US governments refuse to intervene? And why did the Republican cause collapse so violently? Now revised and updated, Hugh Thomas' classic account presents the most objective and unbiased analysis of a passionate struggle where fascism and democracy, communism and Catholicism were at stake - and which was as much an international war as a Spanish one. "Remarkable ...a definitive account". ("Sunday Times"). "A prodigy of a book ...about the most heroic and pitiful story of the twentieth century". (Michael Foot). "His masterwork". ("Independent"). "A full, vivid and deeply serious treatment of a great subject". ("The New York Times Book Review"). Hugh Thomas is the author of, among other books, "The Spanish Civil War" (1962), which won the Somerset Maugham Award, "Cuba: The Pursuit of Freedom" (1971), "An Unfinished History of the World" (1979), and the first volume of his Spanish Empire trilogy, "Rivers of Gold" (2003).