Kekuasaan dan Kekerasan
When states own power in a dominant position, do they tend to use violence? Is violence an instrument used by states to defend their power. To what extent the political system chosen by a state shapes the use of violence? This paper is aimed to anwer such questions. Compared to coercive communist, democratic-socialist, and traditional autocratic political systems, democratic political system has more persuasive power sources. But is there a guarantee that the democratic political system is sterile from the possibility of using violence by state?
STUDENTS VIOLENCE AGAINST TEACHERS IN SCHOOL: CASE STUDY OF TEACHER MURDER IN MANADO, NORTH SULAWESI INDONESIA
This research aims to analyze the various causes of students’ violence against teachers in educational institutions. Data was qualitatively obtained from the officials of National Education Department of Manado City, supervisors, the police, teachers, and students of Ichtus Vocational High School through interviews, observations and documentation. From the data, it was analyzed that the school does not have a system for monitoring violence, and teachers believed that every violation needs to be punished. The results showed that verbal violence occurred due to punishment for smoking in the class and coming late to school. The death of a teacher due to bleeding from 9 knife stabs on vital body parts by students, is an example of violence against teachers. Although the perpetrators were charged to a minimum sentence of 20 years imprisoned, the National Education Department of North Sulawesi closed and revoked the operational license of the institution and entrusted the students to the private vocational high school in Manado. 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 How to Cite this Article 
 
 
 Pubmed Style 
 
 ARIE SUPRIATI. STUDENTS VIOLENCE AGAINST TEACHERS IN SCHOOL: CASE STUDY OF TEACHER MURDER IN MANADO, NORTH SULAWESI INDONESIA. SRP. 2021; 12(2): 717-721. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.2.97 
 
 Web Style 
 
 ARIE SUPRIATI. STUDENTS VIOLENCE AGAINST TEACHERS IN SCHOOL: CASE STUDY OF TEACHER MURDER IN MANADO, NORTH SULAWESI INDONESIA. http://www.sysrevpharm.org/?mno=68467 [Access: March 30, 2021]. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.2.97 
 
 
 AMA (American Medical Association) Style 
 
 ARIE SUPRIATI. STUDENTS VIOLENCE AGAINST TEACHERS IN SCHOOL: CASE STUDY OF TEACHER MURDER IN MANADO, NORTH SULAWESI INDONESIA. SRP. 2021; 12(2): 717-721. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.2.97 
 
 
 Vancouver/ICMJE Style 
 
 ARIE SUPRIATI. STUDENTS VIOLENCE AGAINST TEACHERS IN SCHOOL: CASE STUDY OF TEACHER MURDER IN MANADO, NORTH SULAWESI INDONESIA. SRP. (2021), [cited March 30, 2021]; 12(2): 717-721. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.2.97 
 
 
 Harvard Style 
 
 ARIE SUPRIATI (2021) STUDENTS VIOLENCE AGAINST TEACHERS IN SCHOOL: CASE STUDY OF TEACHER MURDER IN MANADO, NORTH SULAWESI INDONESIA. SRP, 12 (2), 717-721. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.2.97 
 
 
 Turabian Style 
 
 ARIE SUPRIATI. 2021. STUDENTS VIOLENCE AGAINST TEACHERS IN SCHOOL: CASE STUDY OF TEACHER MURDER IN MANADO, NORTH SULAWESI INDONESIA. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 12 (2), 717-721. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.2.97 
 
 
 Chicago Style 
 
 ARIE SUPRIATI. "STUDENTS VIOLENCE AGAINST TEACHERS IN SCHOOL: CASE STUDY OF TEACHER MURDER IN MANADO, NORTH SULAWESI INDONESIA." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 12 (2021), 717-721. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.2.97 
 
 
 MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style 
 
 ARIE SUPRIATI. "STUDENTS VIOLENCE AGAINST TEACHERS IN SCHOOL: CASE STUDY OF TEACHER MURDER IN MANADO, NORTH SULAWESI INDONESIA." Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy 12.2 (2021), 717-721. Print. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.2.97 
 
 
 APA (American Psychological Association) Style 
 
 ARIE SUPRIATI (2021) STUDENTS VIOLENCE AGAINST TEACHERS IN SCHOOL: CASE STUDY OF TEACHER MURDER IN MANADO, NORTH SULAWESI INDONESIA. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 12 (2), 717-721. doi:10.31838/srp.2021.2.97
Administrative interventions on police shooting discretion: An empirical examination
Abstract In August, 1972, the New York City Police Department promulgated administrative shooting guidelines and shooting incident review procedures far more restrictive than former statutory “defense of life” and “fleeing felon” justifications for police shooting. Using a data base that includes all reported New York City police firearms discharges and serious assaults on police between 1971 and 1975, this article examines the effects of the new guidelines and procedures on shooting frequencies, patterns, and consequences. Great decreases in “fleeing felon” shootings, “warning shots,” and shooting-opponent injuries and deaths were found to be associated with the new rules. This change also appeared to have a favorable effect on line-of-duty officer deaths and serious injuries. The implications of these findings are discussed.