Cassava in Indonesia: its Economic Role and Use as Food
Cassava, Manihot esculenta crantz, is not native to Southeast Asia. It was imported from the New World as were sweet potatoes, white potatoes, corn or maize, peanuts and tomatoes. The exact timing of this importation is not clear. One author suggested that cassava came to Java in Indonesia as early as the seventeenth century from the Moluccas1 while another author implied that cassava was introduced into Java in the later eighteenth century.2 At about the same time that cassava was arriving in Indonesia it also reached other parts of Asia. In 1786 cassava was reported in Ceylon after arriving via Mauritius; in 1794 it was planted in the East India Company's new botanic garden in Calcutta. Sir Stamford Raffles does not mention cassava in his History of Java,1 but he does mention other New World imports such as corn and sweet potatoes. While the use and spread of cassava has been fairly recent in many of the countries of Southeast Asia, it is now grown in all of them. However, it is a major agricultural product only in Thailand and Indonesia. Table 1 gives comparative details of cassava, rice, and corn for various Southeast Asian countries. Thailand's production of cassava is almost entirely exported to several of the European Common Market countries to be used as an animal feed; some quantities are also turned into starch. In Indonesia, however, cassava is a basic staple for the population. This paper examines the use of cassava as human food in Indonesia, how it is grown and processed, its nutritional aspects, the economics of the substitution between cassava and the other staples, and the possibilities of increasing demand and consumption of cassava in the future.
Profitability and Value Addition in Cassava Processing in Buton District of Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia
This study was carried out to examine profitability of and value addition from cassava processing into kaopi based on the type of graters being used. A two-stage random sampling technique was employed to obtain primary data from 53 respondents selected for this study. Data were analyzed using cost and return analysis, R/C ratio, Break Even Point, and production structure. The study revealed that cassava processing into kaopi is profitable and a significant value adding process, but the level of profitability and value addition is higher for processors using mechanized grater than those using manual one because the former can reduce processing costs, process higher volume of raw materials, and produce more output with greater efficiency. In view of its potential for attainment of food security, and income and employment generation, it is recommended that processors who currently use manual grater shift to mechanized grater since the time and money saved can be put into other economic use and family welfare.
The determination of iron in plasma or serum.
The importance ofthis reaction could be assessed by a studyof the radioactive uptake into POofATPand the terminal P of ADP from the Pv of ATP using purified myokinase. Applicability of the method to other sy8tems. It is clear from the derivation of the equations that this treatment may also be applied to any similar threecompartment system in equilibrium, where one compound participates simultaneously at different rates in two reactions. Sheppard (1948) has made an analysis ofthe three-compartment system in which, to find two rates in one experiment, the use of two radioactive varieties of the exchanging material is required. A system in which reaction rates in equilibrium conditions could be investigated in this way is the equilibrium of citric, isocitric and aconitic acids in the presence of aconitase.