Effectiveness of the Special Economic Zone policy over the Export Processing Zone structure in India: trade performance at the aggregate level
Empirical evidence on the effectiveness of recent India's Special Economic Zone (SEZ) policy over Export Processing Zone structure is analysed in this article by aggregating data of seven conventional SEZs from 1986–1987 to 2007–2008. The study reveals that introduction of SEZs in place of its predecessor, the Export Processing Zone, is having a significant and positive impact on its trade performance at the aggregate level. However, in terms of contribution to national trade, the Indian SEZs are lagging way behind the expectations of policymakers. Furthermore, the SEZ policy does not seem to be successful in diversifying the exports basket, which in turn has affected the direction of exports by the SEZs. Moreover, these zones were found to be highly susceptible to external shocks. Thus, we strongly argue in favour of a care in deciding the sectoral choice of SEZs and careful scrutiny of its approval across major Indian states.
Local determinants of the spatial distribution of exporters in Poland: the role of FDI
In the light of the hereto insufficient empirical evidence on the determinants of location of exporters and given the access to a unique GIS-based database for counties in Poland (LAU 1) on the distances to diverse points of interest (POIs) and infrastructure endowment, and data on regional heterogeneity, we investigate the deep determinants of exporters’ location in Poland. Our analysis is mostly driven by the concepts of NEG theory and the firms’ heterogeneity concept. With the use of econometric modelling, in the first step, we identify the determinants of regional location of exporting firms. In the second step, we try to identify the differences in the locational decisions of firms distinguished by ownership form, namely domestic and foreign-owned exporters. Our findings indicate the more predictable behaviour of foreign-owned exporters, for which the quality of transport endowment and inputs plays a more significant role in the decision in comparison to indigenous exporters, affected to a larger extent by deep-rooted factors and path-dependency. The locational preferences of FOEs are more influenced by the proximity to the airport and the motorways as well as subject to agglomeration externalities. The results point furthermore to the significance of accessibility to markets as evidenced by the role of infrastructure endowment and the role of the greater regional human capital endowment.
Nonobstetric lower genital tract injuries in rural India
To study the impact of nonobstetric genital tract injury (NOGTI) in rural India.