Ein Vergleich von single- und multi-issue Umweltorganisationen in der Klimapolitik.
The following dissertation examines, from an organizational point of view, processes of differentiation in the field of business management. It investigates whether these processes of differentiation, which indicate a shift away from the Fordian mass production towards a more flexible quality production, can also be observed amongst environmental associations. Besides, it looks into what kind of consequences such processes of differentiation would have on the effectiveness of environmental organizations. Two subfields of environmental politics are used to check the correctness of the assumption: the politics concerning the global warming and the German domestic debate about an ecological tax reform. Especially the international negotiations over the global warming that took place between 1995 and 1997 and the decision-making processes concerning an ecological tax reform since the elections in 1994 are discussed. The results of this investigations confirm the conjecture that, on the part of environmental organizations, a differentiation has occured between specialized organizations (single-issue organizations) and organizations with a more general thematic orientation (multi-issue organizations). Furthermore, the two types seem to be faced with characteristic dilemmas. While single-issue organizations display a degree of expertise that at least equals that of civil servants in the same sphere, multi-issue organizations are typically a lot more well-known. Therefore, single-issue organizations focus on lobbying whereas multi-issue organizations concentrate on public relations.
Fazit: Internationale Umweltpolitik durch Verhandlungen und Verträge
Internationale Umweltregime stellen neben internationalen Organisationen die wichtigste Form der internationalen Zusammenarbeit zum Schutz der Umwelt dar. Sie sind stets darauf gerichtet, das Verhalten von Akteuren durch die Setzung von Normen in eine umweltvertraglichere Richtung zu lenken. In der Regel beruhen sie auf einem volkerrechtlich verbindlichen Ubereinkommen. Daruber hinaus umfassen sie jedoch auch einen andauernden Verhandlungsprozes, der es den beteiligten Akteuren erlaubt, die geschaffenen Normen weiterzuentwickeln, die Normumsetzung zu uberwachen und auftretende Konflikte zu bearbeiten. Durch die Verbindung verhaltenslenkender Normen mit einem andauernden Verhandlungsprozes werden sie zu in sich abgeschlossenen, weitgehend selbstandigen Steuerungsinstitutionen, die trotz aller Veranderungen im Detail langfristig Bestand haben und deshalb den Eindruck hoher Stabilitat vermitteln. Trotz des gemeinsamen Grundschemas unterscheiden sich internationale Umweltregime in vielfaltiger Weise voneinander.
Hispanic marketing : connecting with the new latino consumer
* Cultural Marketing: A new understanding * The Composition of the Hispanic/Latino market * The Latino Essense of "Hispanic" * Language Considerations in Marketing to US Hispanics * Enculturation, Acculturation, and Assimilation: A Bicultural Horizon * Latino Subjective Culture: Insights for Positioning * Culturally Informed Research among Latinos * The U.S. Hispanic Marketing Industry * The Digital World of U.S. Latinos * Latino Consumers and the Future of U.S. Marketing