Fabrication of spherical particles with mixed amorphous / crystalline nanostructured cores and insulating oxide shells
By spark-eroding Fe75Si15B10 in water/ethanol mixtures, spherical particles with nanostructured cores consisting of mixed amorphous and crystalline phases were produced. The relative volume fractions of the amorphous and crystalline phases were dependent on the water/ethanol ratio. In the same process, continuous oxide layers were formed on the particle surfaces. The basic mechanisms responsible for the formation of the surface oxide layers and the core nanostructures were modeled. At frequencies ranging from 1 to 100 MHz, the combination of the core nanostructures and the insulating oxide shells yielded exceptionally low-loss magnetic behavior.
Magnetic Properties of Amorphous Particles Produced by Spark Erosion
The magnetizations and Curie temperatures of amorphous particles produced by spark erosion are found to be greatly reduced from the values for amorphous ribbons of the same compositions. The differences increase as particle size decreases. This behavior is interpreted as a decrease of chemical short-range order in the particles as a result of their faster quenching rate. Anomalous low-field behavior in the critical region also supports this conclusion.
The Area of Freedom, Security and Justice ten years on: Successes and future challenges under the Stockholm Programme. CEPS Paperbacks. June 2010
This book celebrates the tenth anniversary of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) by bringing together the views of key practitioners and policy-makers who have played an outstanding role in thinking about and shaping EU policies on freedom, security and justice. 
 
Ten years ago, the member states transferred competences to the EU for law and policy-making in the fields of immigration, asylum and border controls, and began the transfer process for criminal justice and policing. This decade of European cooperation on AFSJ policies has experienced very dynamic convergence, the enactment of a large body of European law and the setting-up of numerous EU agencies working in these domains. Such dynamism in policy-making has not been without challenges and vulnerabilities, however. As this collective volume shows, the main dilemmas that lie ahead relate to an effective (while more plural) institutional framework under the Treaty of Lisbon, stronger judicial scrutiny through a greater role for national courts and the Court of Justice in Luxembourg, better mechanisms for evaluating and monitoring the implementation of EU AFSJ law and a more solid fundamental rights strategy. The contributions in this volume address the progress achieved so far in these policy areas, identify the challenges for future European cooperation in the AFSJ and put forward possible paths for making more progress in the next generation of the EU’s AFSJ.