Triterpene glycosides of Cephalaria kotschyi and C. nachiczevanica
Methanolic extracts of the flowers and roots of each species were evaporated to dryness separately, the residues were dissolved in water, and the solutions were washed with chloroform and ethyl acetate and were then extracted with n-butanol. The concentrated butanolic extracts were purified by chromatography on KSK silica gel in the butan-l-ol-methanol (3:1) system. According to thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel in the butan-l-ol-methanoi--25% ammonia (10:2:5) system, the combined saponins isolated contained seven triterpene glycosides, which were called, in order of increasing polarity, cephalarosides A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. The compositions of the glycosides of the two plants proved to be identical.
Structural elucidations and spectral assigments of two novel triterpene glycosides from Cephalaria paphlagonica
Two novel triterpene glycosides, paphlagonoside A (1) and B (2), were characterised as 28-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1 → 2)-α- L-arabinopyranosyl(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-hederagenin (1) and 28-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1 → 4)-α- L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-hederagenin (2) from Cephalaria paphlagonica (Dipsacaceae). In addition to these, a common natural product (hederagenin) (3) was also isolated. The structures of all compounds were identified by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the plant extracts were examined by MIC and DPPH activity methods, respectively.
Essential Oil Profiles of 168 Perilla Cultivars by Head Space Solid Phase Micro-extraction Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry
Abstract In order to comprehensively elucidate the chemical biosynthesis in Perillla (commonly used in traditional herbal medicine), an untargeted analysis based on Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry was done to reveal the metabolites from 168 different species of Perilla, with 73 components were identified. The results based on the 168 samples, which can be classified into five chemotypes, reveals that different genetic background have a significant influence on the metabolic synthesis of Perilla. The results of heat map for the components of different species and the principal component analysis are implying that the Perilla chemotypes are clustered for characteristic compounds. This study, which used optimized solid-phase microextraction conditions to investigate volatile oil composition, expanded our knowledge of metabolic pathways in Perilla. The differences between chemotypes provide a scientific basis for distinguishing between Perilla species, which not only can improve the testing standards for essential oils from Perilla herbs, but also can be beneficial to Perilla breeding.