The Frankfurt Funneling Experiment
Funneling is a technique to multiply beam currents of rf-accelerators in several stages at low energies to prevent problems with space charge. The Frankfurt Funneling Experiment is a prototype of such a stage. Two beams are accelerated in a Two-Beam RFQ and combined to one beam axis with a funneling deflector. The last part of the RFQ electrodes of our Two-Beam RFQ has been replaced to achieve a 3d focus of both beams at the beam crossing point behind the RFQ in the center of the deflector. A new designed multi cell funneling deflector and first results of the new experimental set-up will be presented.
Funneling with the two-beam RFQ
By ion beam funneling the beam current can be multiplied without changing the emittance, which is proposed for new high current accelerator facilities like HIDIF or ESS. There the required beam current can not be produced by a single pass rf-linac. The increase in brightness in such a driver linac is done by several funneling stages at low energies, in which two identically bunched ion beams are combined into a single beam with twice the frequency, current and brightness. Our funneling experiment is a setup of two ion sources, a two beam RFQ, a funnel deflector and beam diagnostic equipment to demonstrate funneling of ion beams as a model for the first funneling stage of a HIIF driver. The progress of the funneling experiment and results of simulations will be presented.
The Soviet Home Front, 1941-1945: A Social and Economic History of the USSR in World War II
List of tables and maps Preface Acknowledgements Abbreviations and technical terms Part 1: On the Eve 1. Building Socialism 2. The Great Patriotic War 3. The State in Wartime Part 2: Soviet Society at War 4. Mobilisation 5. Subsistence and Survival 6. The Social Order Part 3: The Productive Effort 7. Fortress of the Rear 8. Labour: The 'Ultimate Bottleneck' 9. 'In Labour as in Combat' 10. Production: The Power of Victory 11. Planning: 'The Military-Economic Staff' Epilogue Tables Important dates References Maps Index