The New Design of Interior Distribution Substations with Natural Gas Engine and CHP System
One of the main issues in constructing and expanding the distributed generation (DG) plants is the space and the ground that needs to be used to install the DG power plant. In order to solve this intricate problem and for developing combined heat and power plants, this paper has proposed using the space of interior distribution substations. It has also assessed an economical feasibility study and reliability assessment of this new design of interior distribution substation in a sample case study for more clarification. In fact the paper observes a new design for distribution substation for sizing natural gas engine and combined heat and power. Existence of many old style interior distribution substations where the availability of natural gas resources is acceptable besides easygoing steps for investment and execution, have made the new design developing, more feasible. On the other hand, the new design can be helpful in improving power industry restructuring implementation and privatization process in many countries.
A Review of Existing Cogeneration Facilities in Canada
Sponsors of CIEEDAC: Greenhouse Gas Division of Environment Canada, Natural Resources Canada, Aluminium Industry Association, Canadian Foundry Association, Canadian Gas Association, Canadian Petroleum Products Institute, Canadian Steel Producers Association, Cement Association of Canada, Chemistry Industry Association of Canada, Forest Products Association of Canada, Mining Association of Canada, Pacific Institute for Climate Solutions CIEEDAC
Parboiled rice effluent: A wastewater niche for microalgae and cyanobacteria with growth coupled to comprehensive remediation and phosphorus biofertilization
Abstract The potential of microalgae and cyanobacteria for bioremediation of wastewater by nutrient uptake combined with simultaneous biomass production is a well recognized perception of today's world. The present study illustrates the treatment of a highly polluted wastewater generated during parboiling of paddy in rice mill industries, widely operational in developing countries where rice is the staple food crop, with the help of microalgal and cyanobacterial isolates capable of growing at high rates in parboiled rice mill effluent (RME). This endeavor leads to comprehensive bioremediation of the said effluent and subsequent use of the harvested biomass as slow release phosphorus biofertilizers and the treated effluent for crop irrigation. The RME-acclimatized algal consortium demonstrated highest growth in terms of fresh weight and greatest remediation efficiency at the end of 36 days' treatment of RME, with 93.9% phosphorus and 100% ammonia-nitrogen removal, 98.7%, 91.6% and 93.5% reduction in biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand and total dissolved solid, respectively, and an increment of 186 ± 0.3 mg L − 1 dissolved oxygen, bringing down the pollutants level well below the discharge limits suggested by Central Pollution Control Board, India. Additionally, microalgae in the consortium aggregated in clumps spontaneously in presence of the filaments of Phormidium sp. facilitating easy harvest. The RME-acclimatized algal consortium demonstrated highest accumulation of polyphosphate (poly-P) (0.76 ± 0.01% of dry weight) as well as highest release of phosphorus in non-sterile soil emphasizing the essential role of soil phosphorus solubilizing organisms to leach soluble phosphorus from the insoluble poly-P present in the biomass. The rice seedlings watered with treated RME also showed improved growth effect on shoot height and leaf width. The study results establish the suitability of RME as an excellent growth media for microalgae and cyanobacteria.