Неокласична економска теорија и проблеми економског развоја (Neoclassical Economic Theory and the Problems of Economic Development)
Serbian Abstract: У раду се разматрају карактеристике савремене владајуће неокласичне економске теорије и њен однос према проблемима економског развоја. Показује се да, с претпоставкама једнаке вредности и значаја свих делатности, и свемоћи саморегулишућег тржишта, она нема могућности и снаге да објасни факторе економског развоја, настанка и ширења сиромаштва, како у некој засебно узетој земљи тако и у међународним односима. Као нова парадигма, која треба да је замени, истиче се Други канон, који се заснива на вишевековној традицији и биолошким метафорама. Он води порекло из епохе Ренесансе, потврђен је вишевековним искуством савремених развијених привреда, кроз примену политика које оне данас забрањују за примену неразвијеним земљама, док их оне саме користе. За разлику од неокласичних политика, оваплоћених у (нео)либералној политици Вашингтонског договора, које доводе до деиндустријализације, политике Другог канона, засноване на политикама обрасца Маршаловог плана, доводе насупрот томе до индустријализације као претпоставке изласка неразвијених земаља из кризе и сиромаштва. Замена неокласичне економске парадигме појављује се у том смислу и као претпоставка увећања квалитета макроекономског образовања и дужна је да обезбеди боље разумевање економских проблема и процеса.English Abstract: Paper considers the characteristics of contemporary dominant neoclascical economic theory and their relation to economic development. It was showed that it, with presumptions of the same value and significance of all economic activities, and borderless power of self-regulated market, not have possibilities and force to explain factors of economic development, genesis and widening of poverty, as in one separate country as in international relations. As new paradigm, that should to change neoclascical, it is emphasized Other canon, that is on many centuries tradition and biological metaphors grounded. That dates back to the Renaissance, was proved through experience of the now developed economies, through the use of policies that in contemporary world are forbidden for the underdeveloped countries, while the developed that use. Contrary to neoclassical policies, realized in (neo)liberal politics of Washington consensus, that lead to de-industrialization, policies of the Other canon, on policies like Marshall plan grounded, lead contrary to industrialization as the condition to leave the underdeveloped countries from crisis and poverty. Change of neoclassical economic paradigm in this sense is the condition for the growth of the quality of macroeconomic education and should to ensure better understanding of economic problems and processes.
Transition in Serbia: Foundations, Results and Perspectives
Paper considers the foundations, results and perspectives of transition process in Serbia. The foundations were the postulates of neoclassical economics, the mainstream in recent economic thought. They determined the goal, the methodology, and the ideological basis of this process, and resulted especially in Washington Consensus. The results of the reforms, based on Consensus, showed, with some exceptions, that Serbia, as the other former socialist countries, realized deep and long-term economic fall, followed by similar processes in other spheras. Contrary to ordinary opinions that transition crisis show as result of inconsistency in reforms taking, the paper argues that this is normally its result. As an analogue is the Morgenthau’s plan for West Germany observed, that has promoted Germany to industrial disarmament, and that would lead to its poverty and its transformation into raw material basis for the developed economies, and to impossibility of survival of the existing number of population. Fortunately for the Germany, Morgenthau’s plan was abandoned and Marshall’s plan was introduced. It leads to industrial renewal of Germany. For the transition countries it is also necessary, considering the practice and basic principles of the Other Canon, which have they, origins as far as from the economic policy of Henry VII, to access re-industrialization in the same way, which is the necessity for renewal of economies, and for overcoming the long-term crisis.
Effects of thyrotropin-releasing hormone and a thyrotropin releasing hormone analog on growth and selected plasma hormones in lambs.
An 8-wk growth trial was conducted to assess the effects of continuous infusion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and an active TRH analog less than Aad-His-Pro-NH2 (the less than Aad is L-pyro-alpha-aminoadipic acid) on growth trial performance, carcass composition and hormone profiles of growing lambs. Both drugs were infused at 600 micrograms X lamb -1 X d -1 with 16 lambs/treatment. Both TRH and less than Aad-His-Pro-NH2 decreased average daily gain (ADG; P less than .01) and increased feed conversion (FC; P less than .01) compared with saline infused controls. Average daily feed intake was not altered. Carcasses of lambs given TRH or less than Aad-His-Pro-NH2 contained fewer kilograms of moisture (P less than .05) and appeared to contain fewer kilograms of protein. Thyrotropin-releasing hormone and less than Aad-His-Pro-NH2 increased thyroid gland weights (P less than .05), but pituitary gland weights were not different. Plasma thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations were increased by both drugs compared with control lambs, peaking at 4 to 7 d after initiating infusion. However, by 14 d, TSH concentrations returned to control levels. Triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) were elevated by both drugs over the entire 8-wk trial, with peak levels reached at 10 d and maintained for the duration of the study. Both TRH and less than Aad-His-Pro-NH2 increased prolactin over the entire period. Growth hormone levels were not altered by either drug. The effects of less than Aad-His-Pro-NH2 infusion on growth trial performance, carcass composition and hormone profiles of growing lambs were very similar to TRH. The negative effects of TRH and less than Aad-His-Pro-NH2 infusion on ADG, FC and carcass protein appear to be the result of elevated T3 and T4 levels.