DC control battery system protection and coordination
Battery system failure jeopardizes a power system by eliminating the DC control power source for AC system circuit breakers and protective devices. The protection of control battery system components including the battery, battery charger and individual circuits is reviewed. Optimum battery system protective device coordination is discussed.<<ETX>>
Battery protection-where do we stand?
The author reviews aspects of battery protection devices and standards. The consequences of battery failure, the lack of protection guidelines, fuses in battery circuits, DC versus AC fuse ratings, the behavior of fuses, the circuit time constant, voltage derating of fuses, fuse location and coordination battery condition monitors, and protection philosophy are discussed.<<ETX>>
Valve regulated lead acid batteries-gas and heat management
Hydrogen and oxygen evolution are unavoidable secondary reactions in lead-acid batteries and these reactions imply increased heat production in the cell. Gas evolution is discussed with respect to open-circuit situations, float charging, and cycling. Heat-production processes are then considered, in connection with the heat of reaction, the Joule effect, and heat production during floating. Heat dissipation is also considered, and implications for battery cycling are discussed.<<ETX>>