Critiques of Marcos's Philippines
DEMOCRACY IN THE PHILIPPINES. Diosdado Macapagal. (Cusipag, Ontario, 1976) $A4.00 soft cover. PHILIPPINES: THE SILENCED DEMOCRACY. Raul S. Manglapus. (Orbis, N.Y., 1976) $A7.50 hard cover. THE CONJUGAL DICTATORSHIP OF FERDINAND AND IMELDA MARCOS. Primitivo Mijares. (Union Square, San Francisco, 1976) $A10.00 hard cover.
The Political Economy of a Coup: Transnational Linkages and Philippine Political Response
While the mainstream of American political development theory is remarkably flexible in response to the many criticisms against it, it persistently ignores one of the central themes found in the critical literature. It has failed to meet head-on the charge that the nation-state is not an autonomous political system and hence cannot be analyzed as such. Much of the criticism of the dominant modes of analysis in political development literature has been what might be called in-house comment questions raised about minor details by individuals committed to the same basic paradigm. More recently, however, this body of theory has been challenged on more fundamental levels. From one position, international relations analysts have proceeded to invade the field without as much as paying their respects to the present occupants. 'Linkage theory', representative of the most important component of this invasion, immediately became a powerful framework within which to build a development theory radically different from the mainstream.1 Other theorists have begun to integrate the analysis of national and international stratification systems, again with little regard for the conventional literature on political development.2 Much international relations and stratification theory seeks to apply relatively conventional systems andlor structuralfunctional theory to the analysis of the underdeveloped portion of transnationally linked political systems. More accurately stated, such analyses assume that the nation is a sub-unit within a larger transnational system. Such approaches, while radically liberating in their impact on older conceptualizations of political development, still present no basic criticism of the underlying premises of the discipline. This is not true of the work of a third group of critics who draw their working ideas directly or indirectly from the Marxist tradition. Economists Paul Baran and Andre Gunder Frank have been influential in creating a view of underdevelopment that links it with the simultaneous development of the industrial nations.3 Subsequent literature has explored this theory more fully: Bodenhemier has recently expanded the model in order to criticize traditional theories of political development and to build on existing dependency theory.4 Galtung, working within the rich literature on imperialism, has refined the conceptual package in a manner to make operationalization of hypotheses relatively simple and to provide guidelines for policy-oriented research.5
Cultural constraints on the delivery of HIV/AIDS prevention in Ireland.
HIV appeared in Ireland following an opiate epidemic in the early 1980s. Initially, however, the gay community mounted the only response to the spread of the virus while the implementation of early actions by the government was hampered by the constructions of the disease within Irish society. This paper considers the influence of the religious hierarchy in both the development of AIDS policy and in the shaping of public perceptions of the disease and those affected. A qualitative methodology is used to examine the role of such cultural constraints in an evaluation of the social context within which the prevention of HIV infection occurs. Three key issues pertinent to the policy context in Ireland are explored in depth. These are the role of the Catholic Church, the influences on health education programmes, particularly information giving, and the development of services and other interventions. These findings are discussed within the social and political contexts in which health policy is formulated.