Study on measuring the grounding resistance of grounding grid with short lead wire
Method of measuring the grounding resistance with short lead wire is applied to test the ground resistance of some simulated grounding grid when the resistances of the grounding conductor are considered simultaneously. The position of voltage electrode is determined through the calculation when the position of current electrode is given in advance. It is showed by test result that the method of measuring the grounding resistance with short lead wire can obtain the value of ground resistance with relatively high precision. Moreover, the length of current electrode is shortened. It provides a more scientific and suitable way for the ground resistance measurement of grounding grid in field. The relation between the position of voltage electrode and the length of current electrode is also considered.
Novel measurement system for grounding impedance of substations and power plants
A new grounding impedance measuring method based on short lead wire of current electrode and a frequency inverter AC source is proposed. The compensating site of the voltage electrode to obtain the real grounding resistance of the grounding system is analyzed according to soil structure, topological structure of the grounding system under test, and the length of current electrode's lead wire. This new method measures the ground impedance at a variety of frequencies other than power frequency, then interpolates them to reach the ground impedance at power frequency. The mutual inductance between the potential and current wires is analyzed and computed. The Intel 80C196KC cored grounding impedance measurement system is developed and the software is programmed. A field test was performed in the substation and the system worked stably.
Code switching in Ahdaf Soueif's The Map of Love
This article examines the phenomenon of code switching in The Map of Love (1999) by the Egyptian—British writer Ahdaf Soueif. Though she chooses English as a medium for her creative expression, Soueif deploys Arabic in her narrative to represent different aspects of the linguistic and cultural norms of Egyptian society. The article's methodology is informed by Kachru's framework on contact literature and his categorization of the occurrence of literary code switching or bilingual creativity into different strategies that encompass cultural and linguistic processes. The results indicate the predominance in The Map of Love of the discourse strategies of employing lexical borrowing, culture-bound references and translational transfer. Finally, the article analyzes the functional motivation of code switching in the postcolonial context of the novel and how the use of certain creative strategies might enhance or diminish the narrative's effectiveness and readability.