DEVELOPING GUIDELINES FOR SOUTH AFRICAN MUSIC LIBRARIANS
Music librarians must have knowledge of the copyright laws which govern the transferring of music from the old analogue form to the new digital formats. These laws were a particular concern of the South African Music Archive Project (SAMAP) which aimed to create an online resource for indigenous South African music particularly that of musicians suppressed during the apartheid years. Polak’s (2009) study was an offshoot of SAMAP. This article draws on her study and identifies the specific problems encountered by music librarians with regard to digital copyright law pertaining to music. The guiding theoretical framework is based on the Berne Convention (2014) and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) Copyright Treaty (1996) which provide the overarching international framework for guiding copyright. The literature review focuses on the international and national legislation; copyright in original recordings; duration of copyright; fair use, the public domain and information commons; copyright and fair dealing; and the South African Copyright Act (No. 98 of 1978). A survey conducted by e-mail identified problem areas experienced by the music librarians regarding the digital music copyright laws in South Africa. Two sets of guidelines for South African music librarians were formulated using their responses and the literature reviewed, and recommendations are made.
Issues of intellectual property
Discusses current issues in intellectual property, including the interpretation of legal and professional guidelines, and suggests that, in this fast‐moving and internationally‐aware field, professional information staff appear to have to balance increasing pressures to obey and impose the law or the licence, on the one hand, with a post‐modern customer ethic, on the other. Implications for teaching information law and ethics are explored.
Phase characterisation of simulated high burn-up UO2 fuel
Abstract To determine the lattice constant variation with burn-up and the oxidation behaviour at high temperatures, simulated UO2-spent fuels with burn-ups up to 200 GWd tM−1 were prepared by cold pressing and sintering and characterised by X-ray diffraction analysis and thermogravimetry. The fcc-lattice parameter of the sintered samples determined at room temperature, showed a continuous decrease with the simulated burn-up. During oxidation the conversion of the simulated fuels to the (U,FP)4O9 and (U,FP)3O8-type phases was strongly delayed when the simulated burn-up exceeded 80 GWd tM−1. Also, at high burn-ups (>100 GWd tM−1), large fractions of the (U,FP)4O9-type phase remained untransformed to (U,FP)3O8 after prolonged exposure to air at 950–1000°C. This suggests a marked widening of the (U,FP)4O9-phase field when the amount of substituted uranium atoms exceeds values of about 8%.