Profiles of some clinical chemical parameters in growing dwarf and landrace kids.
Plasma creatinine, urea, bilirubin, glucose, cholesterol, calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, inorganic phosphorus and total serum proteins were analyzed in kids of Dwarf and Danish Landrace breeds from birth to 12 months of age. The purpose was to determine the reference ranges, age profiles and the influence of other factors. Comparisons between parametric (mean +/- standard deviation) and the corresponding nonparametric (5th and 95th percentile, median) values were calculated for each parameter, the results of which indicated no apparent differences. The levels were very much dependent on age. Creatinine, urea and total serum protein levels increased gradually with age. Glucose and cholesterol levels were high at birth and then decreased with age. The electrolyte concentrations were maintained within narrow limits. Significant differences were observed between kids of different ages (within the breeds), breeds (within similar age) and herds (within the same age and breed). Differences between female and male Landrace kids of the same ages were observed in plasma urea, creatinine, glucose and total serum proteins. It is concluded that age has a major influence on the clinical chemical reference values in young goats, followed by herd and breed, but the influence of sex was small and is negligible in most parameters.
Annual change of haematological parameters in Angora goats
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate that annual change of haematological parameters in Angora goat. Thirteen goats (six female and seven male aged 1.5 years at the beginning of the experiment) were used in this study. For this purpose, to determine haematological parameters, blood samples were taken from jugular vein of each goat in every month for one year. Red blood cells (RBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), haematocrit (Hct), haemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration (MCHC), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), red cell distribution width (RDW), white blood cell (WBC), lymphocytes (Lym), granulocyte (Gra), monocyte (Mon), thrombocytes (THR), mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (Pct) and platelet distribution width (PDW) were analysed by haematology analyser. The data obtained were analysed using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). As a result of statistical analysis, gender x month interactions were statistically different (P < 0.01) for RBC, MCV, Hb, Mon, THR, MPV and Pct, while significant differences (P < 0.01) were found among the months for Hct, MCH, MCHC, RDW, WBC, Lym, Gra and PDW. As a result of this study, it was determined that seasonal changes, different physiological periods and environmental stress that occurred during experimental periods had significant effect on the annual pattern of erythrocyte, leukocyte and thrombocytes of Angora goats.
Mucoadhesive Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery to the Anterior Eye
While the use of topical drops for the delivery of drugs to the anterior of the eye is well accepted, it is far from efficient with as little as 5% of the drug instilled on the eye actually reaching the target tissue. The ability to prolong the residence time on the eye is desirable. Based on the acceptability of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate based polymers in contact lens applications, the current work focuses on the development of a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)) nanoparticle system. The particles were modified to allow for degradation and to permit mucoadhesion. Size and morphological analysis of the final polymer products showed that nano-sized, spherical particles were produced. FTIR spectra demonstrated that the nanoparticles comprised poly(HEMA) and that 3-(acrylamido)phenylboronic acid (3AAPBA), as a mucoadhesive, was successfully incorporated. Degradation of nanoparticles containing N,N′-bis(acryloyl)cystamine (BAC) after incubation with DL-dithiothreitol (DTT) was confirmed by a decrease in turbidity and through transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Nanoparticle mucoadhesion was shown through an in-vitro zeta potential analysis.