A combined stochastic/decision-aided SNR estimator
A problem of a blind stochastic SNR estimator and a principle of SNR estimation combining a blind estimator and decision-aided estimator are presented. Signal and noise can be detected from the received signal by a decision depending on a decision threshold that is made available by using the second and fourth-order moments of the received signal. Subsequently, the SNR is computed from the detected signal and the detected noise. The bias of SNR estimation (based on detection errors) is removed by applying analytically bias correction.
An SNR estimation algorithm using fourth-order moments
An algorithm is presented that allows an estimation of the SNR just by the observation of the noisy signal. For the estimation, shape factors of the signal's and the noise's probability density functions are used. The algorithm is based on the second and fourth order moments of the observed noisy signal.<<ETX>>
A survey of aquaculture production economics and management
Abstract The literature on production economics and management of fish culture has grown as aquaculture has matured as a commercial industry. Salmon, catfish, shrimp and trout are the focus of this literature survey as a reflection of the volume of research that has been completed on these species and their importance in US production and world trade. In addition, a discussion of low resource production systems is included that is dominated by tilapia and carp culture systems. A brief overview of the principles of aquaculture production economics and management is presented followed by a review of economic studies.