Ein Vergleich von single- und multi-issue Umweltorganisationen in der Klimapolitik.
The following dissertation examines, from an organizational point of view, processes of differentiation in the field of business management. It investigates whether these processes of differentiation, which indicate a shift away from the Fordian mass production towards a more flexible quality production, can also be observed amongst environmental associations. Besides, it looks into what kind of consequences such processes of differentiation would have on the effectiveness of environmental organizations. Two subfields of environmental politics are used to check the correctness of the assumption: the politics concerning the global warming and the German domestic debate about an ecological tax reform. Especially the international negotiations over the global warming that took place between 1995 and 1997 and the decision-making processes concerning an ecological tax reform since the elections in 1994 are discussed. The results of this investigations confirm the conjecture that, on the part of environmental organizations, a differentiation has occured between specialized organizations (single-issue organizations) and organizations with a more general thematic orientation (multi-issue organizations). Furthermore, the two types seem to be faced with characteristic dilemmas. While single-issue organizations display a degree of expertise that at least equals that of civil servants in the same sphere, multi-issue organizations are typically a lot more well-known. Therefore, single-issue organizations focus on lobbying whereas multi-issue organizations concentrate on public relations.
Neue Organisationen und alte Sektoren — Eine Analyse der Organisationen im Bereich HIV/AIDS in einigen europäischen Ländern
Fur die entwickelten Wohlfahrtsstaaten hat HIV/AIDS — vor allem in der Anfangsphase — eine moderne Krise bedeutet, die als “ ... serious threat to the basic structures or fundamental values and norms of a social system, which — under pressure and highly uncertain circumstances — necessitates making critical decisions” definiert wurde (Rosenthal et al. 1989, S. 10). Die AIDS-Epidemie bleibt bis auf weiteres eine Herausforderung fur das Gesundheitssystem in modernen Wohlfahrtsstaaten, indem durch das endemische Auftreten der Krankheit in bestimmten Bevolkerungsgruppen das physische, psychische und soziale Wohlergehen der Burger in Frage gestellt wird. Angesichts dieser Herausforderung ist nicht nur die Frage nach den Interventionsmoglichkeiten berechtigt und wichtig, sondern — damit in direktem Zusammenhang stehend — auch die Frage danach, wer hier intervenieren soll und wie?
Impact of Nuclear Data Uncertainties on Transmutation of Actinides in Accelerator-Driven Assemblies
Abstract The potential impact of nuclear data uncertainties on a large number of performance parameters of reactor cores dedicated to the transmutation of radioactive wastes is discussed. An uncertainty analysis has been performed based on sensitivity theory, which underlines the cross sections, the energy range, and the isotopes that are responsible for the most significant uncertainties. To provide guidelines on priorities for new evaluations or validation experiments, required accuracies on specific nuclear data have been derived, accounting for target accuracies on major design parameters. The required accuracies (mostly in the energy region below 20 MeV), in particular for minor actinide data, are of the same order of magnitude of the achieved accuracies on major actinides. Specific requirements also concern the improvement of minor actinide data related to decay heat and effective delayed-neutron fraction assessment.