Electrical Energy Management in the Cement Industry
A cement plant uses about 150 kWh of electrical energy per metric ton of cement produced. Where is this electrical energy being used? How is it being used? Can it be utilized more effectively? If so, how? What can be done to conserve the electrical energy used in an existing cement plant and in future cement plants? An electrical energy management program to resolve these questions is presented. Included is an electrical energy consumption survey of five cement plants. Department consumption is tabulated, and suggestions are made to conserve electrical energy and reduce cost of electrical power in both new and existing plants.
Modelo para avaliação de oportunidades de oferta de geração distribuída.
The generation of electrical energy through large power plants (hydro, thermal or nuclear) demands, each time larger investments and high time to be ready for operation. In the other hand, the demand for electrical energy, that is so necessary for the development and maintenance of the society, is growing each day faster. Looking at the attendance of this demand, there is a global tendency to install a larger quantity of small generators, connected directly to the secondary or primary distribution grid of the electrical utility company. These units are known as distributed generation (GD) and dispersed generation (GDd). Out of the many advantages through the use of distributed generation, the reliability growth in the electrical system, possibility of postpone necessary investments in the distribution network presents high importance and diversify the energetic matrix with the possibility of use renewable resources. From this concept, it was developed a routine, based on the theory of aggregated planning to identify and quantify potential units of distributed generation in the utility company area, evaluating the costs and benefits of each connection for the utility company. Through the results it will be possible the classification of the most interesting units, allowing the decision in conjoint between the consumer and the utility company. As a complement, it was developed mechanisms to make possible to consider disperse generation on the planning of distribution systems expansion. It was also made an evaluation of the factors that restrict the expansion of the disperse generation in Brazil. This thesis focus the analysis considering the utility company impacts, what is not used in Brazil but has a large potential of application.
Reality TV: The Work of Being Watched
Chapter 1 1 Between the New Medium and the Old Chapter 2 2 The Promise of the Digital Revolution Chapter 3 3 Rediscovering Reality Chapter 5 4 The Kinder, Gentler Gaze of Big Brother Chapter 6 5 Access to the Real Chapter 7 6 It's All About the Experience Chapter 8 7 Reality TV and Voyeurism Chapter 9 8 Survivor and Uncanny Capitalism Chapter 10 Bibliography