Education and national development
It is suggested in this paper that educators give serious thought to boarding schools to help reduce the cumulative achievement deficit between most middle and lower class children in the United States. The author recalls his own experience with boarding schools in Nigeria, reviews the ineffectiveness of compensatory education in America, and summarizes the history of residential schooling in Europe and North America. It is pointed out that many of the privileged in this society have long enjoyed the alternative of boarding schools while the only residential institutions available to most of the poor are the armed forces and the puoiit j~ils.
Critical literacy and emancipatory politics: The work of Paulo Freire
Abstract This paper argues that Freire's pedagogical ideas stand in marked reaction against a process of education characterised by prescription. In Freire's view, such a process consolidates sharply defined power relations and therefore perpetuates oppressive social forms. It argues that contained in Freire's pedagogy are the elements for a model of an alternative society. In the first section, attention is focused on Freire's analysis of the process of ideological domination as it takes place among the oppressed, with specific reference to the context which influenced the development of his pedagogical ideas. The second section provides an analytic exposition of the alternative pedagogy which Freire proposes with a view to contributing to what he calls ‘cultural action for freedom’. The third section consists of a discussion on the application of Freirean pedagogy in a post-revolutionary context. The pedagogy is here viewed as contributing to what Freire terms ‘cultural revolution’. Both ‘cultural action for freedom’ and ‘cultural revolution’ constitute key concepts for the development of critical literacy. Freire's pedagogy is here discussed for the most part with an industrially under-developed context in mind; for Freire's most significant pedagogical experiences were closely tied to these contexts.
Assessing student learning in higher education
Chapter 1. Introduction to the Text, Chapter 2. What is Assessment?, Chapter 3. Student Learning, Chapter 4. Methods and Strategies: An Overview, Chapter 5. Assessing Essays, Chapter 6. Multiple Choice Questions, Chapter 7. Assessing Practical Work, Chapter 8. Assessing Projects, Chapter 9. Assessing Problems, Chapter 10. Assessing Oral Communication, Chapter 11. Self and Peer Assessment, Chapter 12. Self Assessment: Related Approaches, Chapter 13. Using Computers in Assessment, Chapter 14. Changing Assessment, Chapter 15. Reliability, Validity and Examining, Chapter 16. Quality, Standards and Underlying Issues, Bibliography Notes and comments on activities Some further reading Appendix One: Examples of examination questions in Arts, Law and Social Sciences