Effect of sleeve length on deformation properties of grouted splices
Tests on 12 grouted splices were performed to investigate their deformation properties under tensile loading. Test variables included diameter and type of spliced bars and the size of splicing sleeves. Finite element method based models of the splices were built, verified and used to investigate the effect of sleeve length on the deformation properties of the grouted splices. The sleeve length significantly affected the failure modes and further affected the splices’ deformation properties. A recommendation was proposed to maximize deformation properties of a specific splice by using a critical sleeve length associated with failure mode of bar fracture.
Seismic evaluation of grouted splice sleeve connections for reinforced precast concrete column-to-cap beam joints in accelerated bridge construction
| PCI Journal 80 Accelerated bridge construction incorporates innovative techniques and materials to efficiently reduce construction time and traffic disruption. It also improves work-zone safety for workers and commuters. Prefabrication of bridge structural components is a highly effective technique and is one of the accelerated bridge construction methods promoted by the Federal Highway Administration under the category of prefabricated bridge elements and systems. Several bridges have been built or rehabilitated using accelerated bridge construction methods. Examples in Utah include the Interstate 15 (I-15) Core Provo Center Street interchange, the Riverdale Road over Interstate 84 (I-84) bridge, and the I-15 South Layton interchange. Precast concrete deck panels, substructures, and superstructures have been frequently used in accelerated bridge construction. Connections between such reinforced precast concrete elements are among the most critical components of the structure. Researchers are investigating the adequacy of various connection configurations, especially in moderate to high seismic regions. These connections not only have to conform to accelerated bridge construction standards in terms of construction delivery time but must also resist earthquake-induced deformations and stresses. Lateral load capacity, displacement ductility, and reparability are three significant criteria for any connection considered in seismic regions. In this paper, a column–to–cap beam joint is investigated using ■ Although grouted splice sleeve connectors facilitate the construction of precast concrete bridges and accelerate construction, seismic bridge design codes prohibit their use in column plastic hinges.
Texture Feature Extraction of RGB, HSV, YIQ and Dithered Images using GLCM, Wavelet Decomposition Techniques
When changing the format of an image from simple RGB to HSV, YIQ and Dithered image, the characteristics of image also change. In this paper, the similar images in the above formats are retrieved using statistical and structural retrieving techniques i.e. GLCM (Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix) and Wavelet Decomposition techniques. The best results are coming for dithered, HSV images by using GLCM technique for feature extraction and by using Wavelet decomposition; HSV images are giving the best results. While other formats also give the correct retrieval but from the accuracy point of view, HSV images are retrieved with better accuracy using both techniques.