Study on the growth mechanism of Bi-2212 ribbon-like thin films on flat Ag substrate by the atomization technique
The growth mechanism of Bi-2212 ribbon-like thin films on flat Ag substrate using an atomization technique was studied. The fine Bi-2212 powders were dispersed on the Ag substrate before the melting process, so as to avoid the change in the composition of the molten phase with distance, which would result in the formation of the impurity phases. Nearly reversible peritectic reaction on cooling causes the formation of well-defined Bi-2212 phase. Based on the results of in situ high temperature microscope observation, the wetting of the molten phase to the growing ribbons was identified as the essential condition for the growth of the ribbon-like thin films.
Growth of Bi–Sr–Ca–Cu–O ribbon-like thin films on sputter-deposited Ag film
Abstract This is a report on the melt growth process of Bi2Sr2Ca1Cu2Ox ribbon-like thin films on sputter-deposited Ag films. Ag films were used as the substrates for this process instead of Ag plates because their flat surfaces are superior to the Ag plate surfaces. Six Ag films on MgO single crystal (0 0 1) were prepared. Their deposition rates ranged from 11.2 to 51.4 A/s. Although the flatness of the Ag films as they were deposited was ∼1 nm independent of the deposition rate, the (0 0 1) texture of the Ag films that had been deposited slowly was superior. After annealing, the films with a faster sputter deposition rate were roughened (>100 nm). On the other hand, even though the roughness of the Ag films at a slower sputter deposition rate increased ( 100 nm). The roughness of the surface allows for further crystal growth during the melting process, which can be attributed to the capillary phenomenon. The results suggest that the wettability is important during the melting process on the Ag surface to the growth of the ribbon-like thin films.
The Importance of St Margaret’s Church in The Book of Margery Kempe: A Sacred Place and an Exemplary Parishioner
This article argues that Margery Kempe is presented as an exemplary parishioner and a supporter of her parish church in The Book of Margery Kempe. It begins by demonstrating that St Margaret’s church and King’s Lynn are placed at the centre of the Book’s mapping of Christian holy places and then analyses the two miracles that take place at St Margaret’s (the stone and beam in chapter 9 and the fire in chapter 67) as evidence of the church’s sanctity and its importance in Margery Kempe’s spiritual life. The article examines three interrelated characteristics of the church (the material, sacred, and communal) in relation to Margery’s identity as a lay woman and in the context of Middle English pastoral care literature. The article concludes that Margery’s role in the miracles and her behaviour in St Margaret’s church demonstrate that the Book presents an ideal church supported by an exemplary parishioner as an inspiration to its readers.