Prospects for the world jute industry
Prospects for the world jute industry to the mid-1990s are analyzed to identify trends likely to follow the confusion in the jute market originating from the 1984/85 fiber supply crisis. These prospects are derived from analysis of information obtained from surveys of jute demand in several countries and from simulation results from a recently built econometric model of the world jute economy. Jute fiber is used primarily as a textile raw material for making packaging products, carpets, industrial fabrics and twine. Its main demand base is derived from the need to package agricultural inputs and produce in countries where storage and distribution to wholesale and retail markets is in packaged form. Structural changes occurring in the world demand for jute are identified. Prospects for the expansion of jute consumption for packaging uses in developing countries are fairly bright since the scope for early changes to bulk-handling and synthetic substitution are limited. The rapid loss of markets for jute sacks and bags to bulk handling in the industrial countries and grain-exporting developing countries during the 1970s has about run its course. So have the losses of fabric markets where synthetic products held distinct advantages in technical performance or cost. The resulting structural shifts in the regional distribution of consumption and changes in the product composition of final demand suggest that the growth in world demand for jute to the mid-1990s should be somewhat higher than was attained during the 1970s and early 1980s. The sharp output decline in India and Bangladesh in 1984 appears to have started another price/supply cycle. On past performance it is likely that the high prices of 1984/85 will lead to large output increases in the 1985/86 and 1986/87 harvests causing prices to fall and leading to a period of low prices and low output in the late 1980s.
Impact of the Changing Structure of Jute Industry on Strategic Management of Business Firms
THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF ISottor of $^tlo£(opI)p IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BY SIRAJ UDDIN AHAIED Under the superv is ion o f Dr. AZHAR KAZMI PROFESSOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH-iNDIA 1 9 9 2
Turkish Political Culture and Civil Society : an Unsettling Coupling?
This paper attempts to analyze Turkish politics in the post-1980 period with a special reference to the relationship among the state elites, political elites and societal actors and its impact on the constitution of civil society in Turkey. After the 1980 military intervention, the political and economic realms of Turkey witnessed a relative degree of liberalization through Uzal's neo-liberal policies. The January 24 economic decisions paved the way for economic liberalization as well as letting new economic and societal actors emerge. These new economic actors were different from the prevailing economic actors which used to enjoy having a considerable amount of opportunity spaces in the economic sphere. Together with the Uzal governments, Islamic segments started to become powerful in both political and economic realms. This paper analyses the chief traits of Turkish politics and economics and their impact upon civil society aftermath the 1980 coup in general, and the relationship and/or interaction among the state elites, political elites and societal actors in particular. The engagements of newly-emerging societal and economic actors into Turkish political scene and the challenge of these actors against the so-called 'Kemalist-Republican' elites are also illustrated in the paper. Moreover, state-Islam interaction, politics-Islam interaction as well as Kemalism-newly-emerging societal and economic actors interaction will be studied with a special emphasis to the post-1980 period. The major argument of the paper is that, in Turkey, both civil society issues and political issues reveal outcomes which are primarily shaped by the nature of the relationship between state elites and political elites in general and by Turkish political culture in particular.