The Ohio State University 1983-06 Photographic History of Forest Encroachment in Several Relict Prairies of the Edge of Appalachia Preserve System , Adams County ,
Forest encroachment into several relict prairies located within the Edge of Appalachia Preserve System, Adams County, Ohio, was studied using a series of U.S.D.A. aerial photographs taken in 1938, 1950, 1965, and 1971. The corresponding photointerpretations reveal increased herbaceous cover after abandonment of cultivated field sites and illustrate the conversion of prairie and prairie glades to forest. All sites studied exhibited decreased percentage of prairie from 1938—1971. OHIOJ. SCI. 83 (3): 109-114, 1983
Ohio's Natural Heritage
This publication was produced jointly by The Ohio Academy of Science and the Ohio Department of Natural Resources.
Percussion marks on bone surfaces as a new diagnostic of hominid behaviour
Since stone tool cut marks and carnivore tooth marks were first described systematically on Plio-Pleistocene archaeological bone1,2, bone surface modification has played a prominent role in interpreting early archaeological site formation and hominid behaviour3–15. Here we introduce a new class of bone surface modification, which we call percussion marks. Percussion marks were produced during experimental breakage of marrow bones, and occur as pits or grooves impressed on a bone's surface by natural protrusions on the granitic hammerstone and anvil used. Although percussion marks can superficially mimic carnivore tooth marks, they nonetheless are closely associated with hammerstone impact notches and show consistent micromorphological features which distinguish them from tooth marks and other classes of bone surface modification. Given indications of prehistoric hammer-stone breakage of marrow bones1,7, an awareness of percussion marks is critical for accurately identifying the biological agents of bone modification at archaeological sites and provides a new diagnostic of carcass processing by hominids.