Women in US cities: urban captives
Abstract This article examines the contemporary position of women in US urban areas. It seeks to explain the increasing numbers of service-dependent women residing in urban locations through reference to the historical evolution of the urban political economy as it reflects the national and global political economy. More specifically, it recognizes that policies at the national level influence and change urban form and function, a process which has definite and identifiable consequences for society.
The global impact of sexual equality.
The author addresses the issue of sexual equality and what its impact is on the entire world. This is especially so in the developing world where women are denied basic human rights such as freedom from male violence and freedom of movement. The author maintains that in fact the heart of the global crisis is due to sexual inequality. If women were allowed to utilize available birth control technologies and were given free access to socially respected and valued roles other than wife and mother then the global population explosion could be solved. Even in the domain of global poverty and hunger 1 finds inequality since the overwhelming majority who suffer in this are women and children. Economic development programs which have been instituted to solve some of the urgent problems cannot succeed until women are included in financial aid land grants loans training and education for modernization. Sexually stereotyped childrearing must be eliminated; otherwise we will continue to have a world full of male violence and a world filled with institutionalized violence (war). Social scientists are finding a statistically documentable correlation between male dominance sexual inequality and authoritarianism. Historical evidence of this is seen during the Nazi era in Germany and in the early Christian movement. What we see today is that the struggle over sexual equality is actually the struggle between 2 different ways of living on earth--1 based on sexual inequality (based on ranking as the primary organizational principal in human affairs) and the other based on equality (based on linking rather than ranking). The 2nd is seen in the general movement of society towards democracy and egalitarianism in the aim of creating a just social order. The way of the future is dependent on us.
Flexible Working Hours in Two British Government Offices
Flexible working hours (FWH ) are now enjoyed by a growing number of employees in Europe and their implementation has often been fastest in the public service and among other white collar workers. For example, 14 percent of west Cerrnanv's civil servants are on FWH and 12 percent of its bank and insurance employees.' Although the introduction of FWH has been slower in the U.S., interest is increasing." Many companies are implementing some form of FWH, and assessments of the concept in operation are appearing in the literature." After careful experimentation, the British Civil Service offered FWH to 65,000 civil servants in one department and experiments are being energetically pursued in others. The executive department where FWH are operational includes a large proportion of staff in local offices mainly engaged on case work. FWH were tried successfully' in nine of the offices before offering them on a wider basis, and a detailed evaluation, which is described here, was made in two of the offices.