The role of logistics in sustainable development of agricultural enterprises
. The analysis of logistics costs in agricultural enterprises in process aspect was carried out in the paper. The aim of the research was to identify those process activities, in which the optimization of logistics costs can influence the realization of strategic aims of sustainable development. As a result of the research, some indexes of logistics costs for agricultural enterprises were estimated. Also, the differences among the costs, depending on the area shape and used technologies, were shown in the paper.
Finnish experiments on subsoil compaction by vehicles with high axle load
Abstract In Finnish field experiments on a clay loam/heavy clay and an organic soil, traffic was applied with a tractor trailer loaded with 19 or 16 Mg on a tandem axle unit. Both soils were compacted to a depth of 0.5 m. Six years after experimental traffic, soil compaction was still measurable below the ploughing depth. Compaction of the clay soil decreased crop yields considerably in the first 3 years and in the sixth year after compaction.
A NEW HAND‐HELD RECORDING PENETROMETER FOR SOIL STUDIES
Summary 
 
This paper describes and evaluates a new solid-state recording hand-held cone penetrometer developed for in-situ soil studies. Force is measured by a strain-gauged transducer, and depth by an accurate optical system. Data for up to 20 penetrations per plot are stored and processed within the instrument in the field. 
 
 
 
The new penetrometer has been evaluated in field and soil tank experiments in comparison with three widely contrasting existing penetrometers ranging from a simple hand-held penetrometer to a trailer-mounted power-driven instrument. 
 
 
 
The results indicated that the simple hand-held penetrometer gave appreciably different cone resistance profiles from the other instruments. In particular, spurious ‘treatment effects’ obtained from the tillage experiment were shown to be due to inadequate instrument performance. The new solid-state recording hand-held penetrometer gave results comparable with those obtained from the more complex trailer-mounted instrument and another hand-held recording penetrometer.