Reliable corrosion inhibition in the oil and gas industry RR 1023 Research Report
The objective of the work was to undertake a literature review on the subject of corrosion inhibition in the offshore oil and gas industry to understand the current issues. The application of chemical corrosion inhibitors can significantly reduce the rate of corrosion of carbon steel pipelines due to the presence of CO2 and/or H2S. An inhibited corrosion rate of 0.1 mm/year can typically be achieved, which is largely independent of the uninhibited corrosion rate. The report covers the main factors affecting the effectiveness of chemical corrosion inhibitors; they are not effective against corrosion due to the presence of oxygen or microbacterial corrosion. High flow rates, high temperature, solids (either dissolved or suspended) and pre-existing corrosion can all have a negative effect on corrosion inhibitor effectiveness. The role of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs), the main factors affecting the performance of inhibition injection systems, and the levels of inhibitor availability that can be assumed at the design stage and achieved in practice are also discussed. This report and the work it describes were funded by the Health and Safety Executive (HSE). Its contents, including any opinions and/or conclusions expressed, are those of the authors alone and do not necessarily reflect HSE policy. You may reuse this information (not including logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view the licence visit Some images and illustrations may not be owned by the Crown so cannot be reproduced without permission of the copyright owner. Enquiries should be sent to Objectives To undertake a literature review on the subject of corrosion inhibition in the oil and gas industry to understand the current issues. Main Findings • The application of chemical corrosion inhibitors can significantly reduce the rate of corrosion of carbon steel pipelines due to the presence of CO 2 and/or H 2 S. An inhibited corrosion rate of 0.1 mm/year can typically be achieved, which is largely independent of the uninhibited corrosion rate; • Various factors can affect the effectiveness of chemical corrosion inhibitors; they are not effective against corrosion due to the presence of oxygen or microbacterial corrosion. High flow rates, high temperature, solids (either dissolved or suspended) and pre-existing corrosion can all have a negative effect on corrosion inhibitor effectiveness; • The main Key Performance Indicator (KPI) used for assessing effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors is based on the proportion of time that …
Evaluation of inulin and aloe vera as green corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 15% HCl
REACH legislation and PARCOM recommendations are driving research in environmental friendly alternatives to the highly toxic compounds currently used as corrosion inhibitors. Here two candidate plant extract green corrosion inhibitors are evaluated by direct comparison with commercially used corrosion inhibitors propargyl alcohol and 2-mercaptobenzimidazole. 
The two candidate green corrosion inhibitors are: 1. commercially available powdered inulin, extracted from Jerusalem artichoke; 2. aloe vera gel extracted directly from the plants. 
Immersion tests and weight loss measurements are used to determine the behaviour and inhibition efficiency as a function of concentration and temperatures of 20 ⁰C to 60 ⁰C for mild steel in 15% HCl. 
Results show that inulin and aloe vera act as corrosion inhibitors over the range of conditions used, the optimal concentration for both was 10%, compared to 0.4% for the commercial corrosion inhibitors. Inhibition efficiencies of up to 86% and 84% were observed for inulin and aloe vera respectively, compared to values of over 95% for the commercial corrosion inhibitors. There is some variation of behaviour for inulin and aloe vera with time and temperature.
SR topography of plastically deformed Fe-Si bicrystals - observation in situ and post mortem
SR reflection topography was applied to study the interaction of slip dislocations with the grain boundaries in Fe-4at%Si bicrystals deformed by compression. Three experimental settings with either a white or monochromatic beam were used and the corresponding orientation contrast analysed. Dislocation transmission through the grain boundary was observed in bicrystals with favourable geometry of the slip systems.