Determination of multilayer soil parameters using Simulated Annealing algorithm
The paper presents a new method based on the Simulated Annealing Algorithm for the estimation of the parameters of multilayer soils. First the infinite integral of resistivity equation is approximated by use of complex image method. Then, Simulated Annealing Method is used to estimate the soil resistivity with the least error.
Parameter estimation of horizontal multilayer earth by complex image method
How to correctly obtain the structure parameters of earth is the precondition of grounding system design. Based on the local searching algorithm, an efficient method for estimating earth structure with any number of layers from the test data by Wenner configuration method is presented. In each iterative procedure, earth apparent resistivities are calculated by complex image method. A new method to directly obtain the partial derivatives of the earth apparent resistivities with respect to the earth parameters from the results of the complex image method is presented, which is more efficient than the conventional methods that arduously calculate the improper integrals with a Bessel's function and an infinite limit of integration. At the same time, a method to determine suitable initial earth parameters for the local searching algorithm is also proposed. The validity of the method is shown by several applications.
The Inca Occupation of the South Coast of Peru
like the others, however; it forks into several nearly parallel ravines of which the largest are Huayuri, Rio Grande-Palpa, Ingenio (called Collao in ancient times), Nasca proper (the ancient Caxamarca), Taruga, and Poroma. Due to peculiarities of the local topography, the irrigated areas in Ica and the ravines of Nasca are located inland, at the foot of the mountains, rather than at the mouths of the rivers as is more usual in Peruvian coastal valleys. No sharp natural or cultural boundary separates the valley of Chincha from the valleys of Cafiete (ancient Huarco and Runahuana), Asia, and Mala, the next valleys going up the coast to the northwest. At the other end of the area we are considering, however, there is a sharp break; beyond Yauca the Andean foothills reach out to the sea, natural conditions are quite different, and there are important differences in the archaeological picture as well. The historical sources which mention the south coast are not particularly helpful, except in so far as they provide us with a few dates. To begin with, no chronicler gives an explicit account of the political organization of the south coast at the time it came into contact with the Incas. It can, perhaps, be inferred from Cabello Balboa's statements about common policy toward the Inca invaders that there was some sort of political connection between the valleys of Mala, Cafiete, and Chincha, but the connection need have been no more than a temporary military alliance. Cabello makes no mention at all of Pisco. The valleys of Ica, Nasca, and 125