Finite element simulations of the loading and deformation of plywood seat shells
Modern 3D modelling software reduces the need for a large number of prototypes, means fewer product-development cycles and lower costs (time/cost), as well as improving the quality of furniture designs. However, the mechanical testing of final products is still required in order to confirm the simulation results. In this study the theoretical behaviors of different plywood seating shells (using the SolidWorks® FEM simulation software) were compared with the real results obtained using tests to measure the deformation of the backrest. The deviations of the actual deformation from the simulation were significant for the different shells and increased with loading above the elastic deformation limit of the material. It was concluded that the SolidWorks® simulation software could be effectively used in the calculation of the component displacements, strains, and stresses of seat designs subject to internal and external loads.
Analysis and design of furniture frames
SummaryThe engineering design of furniture frames was investigated. The stiffness method of matrix structural analysis was applied to furniture frame design, and modifications of it which are needed to treat frames with semi-rigid, elastically non-linear joints of finite size were developed. A method of designing two-pin moment-resisting dowel joints was also developed. An experimental furniture frame was designed using the theories formulated. Results of tests performed on this frame agreed satisfactorily with those predicted theoretically.ZusammenfassungDie technische Konstruktion von Möbelrahmen wurde untersucht. Ein Rechenverfahren zur Bestimmung der Steifigkeit wurde mit Hilfe der Matrizen-Analyse auf Möbelrahmen-Konstruktionen angewendet und entsprechende Abwandlungen, die zur Behandlung von Rahmen mit halbstarren, elastisch nicht-linearen Verbindungen bestimmter Größe benötigt werden, wurden entwickelt. Gleichzeitig wurde ein Verfahren zur Konstruktion von biegesteifen Doppel-Dübelverbindungen entwickelt. Ein Versuchs-Möbelrahmen wurde aufgrund der erarbeiteten Theorie gebaut. Die Ergebnisse aus den Versuchen mit diesem Rahmen stimmten weitgehend mit den hierfür theoretisch berechneten Werten überein.
Growth from Solutions
Growth from solutions is the crystallization of a compound whose chemical composition differs markedly from that of the initial liquid phase. Commonly used solvents are water, multicomponent aqueous or nonaqueous solutions, and melts of some chemical compounds. Differentiations are made based on growth temperatures and on the chemical nature of the solvent. In growth from low-temperature aqueous solutions, the temperatures generally do not exceed 80–90°C; in growth from superheated aqueous solutions (hydrothermal method), they reach 800°C, and in growth from salt melts (molten-salt, flux, or fluxed melt growth), they usually do not exceed 1200–1300°C, but sometimes reach 1500°C.