Effect of Biological Fertilizers on Germination Indices in Wheat Cultivars With Drought In Greenhouse
To determine aminol-forte and fosnutren, as two biological fertilizers containing amino acids, effects on 11 bread wheat cultivars in Ardabil IAU research greenhouse a research was carried out in factorial completely randomized block design with three replications. Factor A in two conditions (drought and normal), factor B in three levels (water, aminol-forte and fosnutren) and factor C included 11 bread wheat cultivars. Results suggested that there was a significant difference between test conditions based on all measured indices at 1%. Also there was a significant difference between studied cultivars based on assessed properties at 1 to 5%. There was a significant difference between fertilizer levels based on germination speed coefficient, ultimate germination percentage, germination rate index and daily average germination rate at 5%. The test conditions interaction in biologic fertilizers in all studied traits were significant at 1%. The results to the means comparison suggested that genotypes of Kuhdasht with a mean of 57.57, Saisons with a mean of 57.13, Azar 2 with a mean of 56.64 and Zagros with a mean of 56.60 had the highest germination duration mean and Chamran genotype with a mean of 46.39 had the lowest germination duration mean. On germination rate, also, Chamran genotype with a mean of 0.0218 had the best and Kuhdasht and Saisons genotypes with means of 0.0173 and 0.0175, respectively, had the lowest germination rate. Results to the data mean comparisons on fertilizer levels indicated that fosnutren liquid fertilizer was the best genotype in germination rate coefficient, germination duration mean and germination rate index. Finally, it could be mentioned that applying biological fertilizers which contain amino acids, could play a great positive role in wheat germination indices. (Elena Khabiri, Yousef Alaei, Seyed sajjad moosavi, Ali Mohammadpour Khanghah and Maryam Jafari. Effect of
Water status of garlic callus under various salt and osmotic stress conditions
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) calli in vitro were evaluated over a range of salt concentrations and by adding mannitol to culture medium with reduced salt to provide equivalent osmoticum. The water potential of the medium ranged from -0.27 to-0.73 MPa under the various salt and osmotic stress conditions. The percent increase in calli was highest in standard Murashige & Skoog (MS) medium and was reduced when MS salts were reduced hut the water potential of medium was adjusted to that of standard MS medium by addition of mannitol. The water potential of callus tissue was similar to that of tissue culture media over a 20-fold range (10% to 200%) of MS concentrations. Turgor of callus tissue was not influenced by any stress conditions. These results indicate that the optimum concentration of salt and water status of medium for formation of garlic calli was provided by standard MS medium.
Application of attribute recognition method for evaluating on sustained developmental degree of water resource systems.
Taking Ping Ba area as an example, this paper explores the method of comprehensive evaluation on sustained developmental extent of water resources systems and sets up an evaluation model by applying the attribute recognition theoretical model The result shows that it is coherence to the result of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, meanwhile, this method is easy and understood, and it suit for evaluating on system quality with standardsKey words: water resources systems; attribute recognition theoretical model; fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method