Study on Strength & Durability of Concrete by Partial Replacement of Fine & Coarse Aggregates using Marble, Granite & Spent Fire Brick Waste
Concrete is the most undisputable and indispensable material being used in infrastructure development throughout the world. The objective of this paper is to utilize marble, granite and Spent Fire Brick waste of different sizes in the manufacturing of concrete bricks, with partial replacement of conventional coarse and fine aggregates with Marble, Granite and Spent Fire Brick waste content up to 20%.The produced bricks are tested for physical and mechanical properties according to the requirements of the American Standards for Testing Materials (ASTM) and the INDIAN Code. The test results revealed that the recycled products have physical and mechanical properties that qualify them for use in the building sector.
Geological and technical characterisation of Iscehisar (Afyon-Turkey) marble deposits and the impact of marble waste on environmental pollution.
Turkey, due to its location in the Alpine-Himalayan belt, has numerous marble deposits. More than 250 marble types with different colours and patterns have been produced from these deposits and one hundred of these are well known around the world. One such well-known marble type is Afyon-Iscehisar. Afyon-Iscehisar is Palaeozoic in age and has been quarried since the era of the Roman empire. The Afyon region is known as one of the most important marble production and processing centres in Turkey. The Afyon province, which possesses 3.5% of exploitable marble reserves (3,872,000,000 tonne) in Turkey, yields 9% of the total marble block production. The 409 marble processing plants in Afyon produce 19% of the total slab in Turkey. As a result of marble production activities, approximately 340,000 tonne of marble waste has accumulated in the area. While some of these unshaped marble blocks are re-used and returned to the economy, the majority are discarded. There are two waste marble storage fields located in the Afyon-Iscehisar region. All of the solid and fine-grained marble waste is stored in waste marble storage fields in Susuz Boğazi and in the nearby Iscehisar marble quarries. The ecological effects of the marble waste, which were once discharged everywhere and exhibited visual pollution, has now been reduced to a minimal level.
Routine quantitative phase analysis of niobium-bearing lateritic ores
Routine quantitative analyses by Rietveld full-pattern fitting have been carried out on more than one thousand niobium ore samples originating from four pyrochlore deposits: Lueshe and Bingo (D.R. Congo), Mabounie (Gabon), and Sokli (Finland). The ore samples were characterized by a highly variable mineral content, the presence of mineral phases with a wide range of compositions and a high amorphous content. An analytical procedure was established which addressed several problems: creation of an appropriate crystallographic parameter database, specimen preparation, check for preferred orientation and measurement of the amorphous content by the internal standard method.