Survey of numbers and types of lesions detectable in pig heads and the implications for human and animal health
subclinical sheep scab in bighorn sheep when mite numbers have been very low (Boyce and others 1991). More important, however, is how early in the progression of the disease a diagnosis can be made by serological methods. ELISAs are one of the most frequently used methods for this but there is a wide variation in the time at which ELISA seropositivity occurs, usually coinciding with the onset of clinical signs, an increase in the number of mites and lesion spread. While diagnosis of scab can be made by ELISA as early as seven days after infestation in experimentally infested cattle (Lonneux and others 1998), this does not appear to be the case in sheep in which circulating antibodies detectable by ELISA appear only after about four weeks, coinciding with the onset of the rapid growth phase of the disease (Bates 1997). The present observations would appear to confirm this. In a separate experiment (not reported here), two sheep were experimentally infested with P ovis and serum taken from them at weekly intervals was assayed by immunoblotting and ELISA. The sheep were positive by immunoblotting two and three weeks after infestation whereas they were unequivocally ELISA positive only five and six weeks after infestation (one was just positive after four weeks) (Fig 1). In the serological investigations of the second outbreak on the affected farm, the two methods were compared. The most significant finding was that immunoblotting was superior to ELISA not only in early diagnosis, but also in differential diagnosis of sheep scab in cases where the ELISA results were negative. The reason for this is not clear, but it is worth noting that native antigens were used in ELISA, while denatured antigens were used in immunoblotting.
A comparison of acute phase protein measurements and meat inspection findings in cattle.
The acute phase proteins haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid-A (SAA) are increased in the blood of cattle with infectious or inflammatory diseases. As it is important to identify such cattle at meat inspection, a study was undertaken to compare the levels of Hp and SAA in blood samples from cattle at abattoir with the post-mortem meat inspection findings. The serum concentrations of Hp and SAA were determined in healthy beef cattle (n = 16); healthy dairy cows with no pathological conditions (n = 22); and cows with pathologic conditions (n = 62). The last group was subdivided into cows with acute pathological conditions (n = 10) and those with non-acute pathological conditions (n = 52). The mean (+/-SD) Hp levels in plasma from beef cattle and cows without pathological conditions found were 0.11 +/- 0.08 mg/mL and 0.02 +/- 0.03 mg/mL, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001). However, mean Hp level in cattle with pathological conditions was 0.27 +/- 0.40 mg/mL, significantly higher than the mean values of either group of healthy animals (p < 0.01 versus healthy dairy cows and p < 0.001 versus healthy beef cattle). The mean SAA concentration in plasma samples from 22 healthy dairy cows (with no pathological conditions found) was 51 +/- 38 microg/mL, significantly higher (p < 0.01) than the mean SAA value of 29 +/- 21 microg/mL calculated from 16 plasma samples from healthy beef cattle. In the group of 62 cows with pathological conditions, the mean SAA level was 94 +/- 115 microg/mL being significantly higher than the respective value in either groups of healthy animals (p < 0.01 versus healthy cows and p < 0.001 versus healthy beef cattle). Considerations of the acute phase proteins results obtained from the animals with pathological conditions did not reveal a clear association between acute phase proteins levels and respective specific pathological conditions, although there was a significant correlation between Hp and SAA concentrations at the individual animal level when all results were considered (R = 0.75, n = 100, p < 0.001). Nevertheless, when the dairy cows with pathological conditions were subdivided, some significant differences in mean values of acute phase proteins were observed enabling differentiation between animals with (broadly categorised) acute and non-acute pathological conditions. Significantly higher Hp (p < 0.05) and SAA (p < 0.05) concentrations were found in the acute pathology group than in the non-acute pathology group. Overall, the result of the present study indicated that the acute phase protein analysis could be an additional and useful tool enabling separation of "suspect" from "non-suspect" animals during ante mortem inspection within a modernised meat inspection system.
Diseases of Swine.
veterinary medicine books recommended for academic libraries, swine disease manual 4th edition sample pages aasv, introduction to bacteriology and bacterial structure, skin diseases of exotic pets kindle edition, dangerous goods regulations iata, home oie world organisation for animal health, who world health organization, swine fact sheet porkcdn s3 amazonaws com, download pdf diseases of domestic guinea pigs 2e, veterinary medicine a textbook of the diseases of cattle, health diseases pigprogress net, nutrient management technical note no 4 feed and animal, domestic pig wikipedia, diseases of swine 10th edition pdf veterinarydiscussions net, laboratory manual and review on clinical pathology, irjet a study to assess the effectiveness of structured, 9781455748013 mandell douglas and bennett s principles, dictyocaulus viviparus wikivet english, pathologic basis of veterinary disease 6th edition pdf, animal farm huzheng, scottish clinical coding standards icd 10, poxviruses pdf ebook epub mobi transformances net, the united republic of tanzania who int, listeriosis in fattening pigs caused by poor quality, foreign animal diseases usda aphis, diseases of swine 10th edition request pdf, chapter 6 livestock nutrition chapter 6 usda, pigs for prosperity fao org, concern over african swine fever spikes 2018 09 14, files for software engineering pdf download, streptococcal toxic shock syndrome caused by streptococcus, read e book swine in the laboratory surgery anesthesia, introduction to medical parasitology, veterinary certificate for fresh meat of domestic swine, veterinary ebooks pdf, organic pig production orgprints org, zoonosis wikipedia, swine breeding and production in malaysia agnet org, pdf african swine fever asf recent developments, free veterinary medicine a textbook of the diseases of, nutritional requirements of pigs management and, livestock related interventions during emergencies the, veterinary bacteriology encyclopedia of life support, important poultry diseases california poultry federation, a study to assess the effectiveness of irjet net