Autonomous electrical heating facility supplied by wind turbine for elimination of oil wellbore paraffin deposits
The article considers an autonomous electrical heating facility supplied by a wind turbine designed to eliminate paraffin deposits in an oil wellbore. Computer modeling of the facility is performed. Modeling results are verified with a laboratory simulation bench. Operating curves for various operating conditions are obtained. An optimal resistance of the heating cable is determined to ensure a maximal efficiency of the wind turbine, as well as the amounts of energy produced by the wind turbine with a constant load resistance and resistance control are compared.
Method of reliability and speed increase of work of automatic input of a reserve on the basis of the microprocessor terminal
The new operation algorithm of the automatic input device of a reserve (AIR) together with the system of relay protection of power transformers of substation is offered. The increase in reliability and speed of the automatic input of a reserve is provided due to use of signs and algorithms of identification of emergencies and collaboration of a system of relay protection and automatic equipment of substation. The sign of identification of level of undervoltage on tires of the distributing device with automatic input of a reserve and also type of the relay protection which switched-off the equipment in emergency operation is entered. The formulas for calculation of parameters at which operation of AIR is provided are offered. The proof of efficiency of the offered signs and algorithms is executed on the basis of the analysis of oscillograms of parameters of emergency operation. The program realization of the offered algorithm on the basis of the microprocessor terminal of relay protection Sepam 1000+ is presented.
Paraffin problems can be resolved with chemicals
Paraffin deposition creates diverse production problems in many of the world's oil-producing regions. In most cases, paraffin problems can be resolved efficiently and economically with chemical products. Expertise is required to select (1) the best class of paraffin chemical, (2) the best product in the chosen class, (3) the concentration at which the chemical will be most effective, and (4) the application method that will provide the greatest possibility for success. This work discusses (1) treatment with solvents, dispersants, and inhibitors; (2) batch, continuous, and squeeze treatment; and (3) treatment in perforations, down-hole pumps, tubing, sucker rods, wellhead, flowlines, treating vessels, and stock tanks.