Nitrogen-doped coatings on carbon nanotubes and their stabilizing effect on supported Pt nanoparticles
For the preparation of the coating the CNTs were dispersed in a 30 wt% solution of 3MBP-dca in deionised water by sonication. The resulting black slurry was filtered by vacuum filtration and the black residue in the filter was washed with 50 mL of ethanol to remove excess IL. The residue was subsequently placed in ceramic crucible and thermally treated in a furnace under constant argon flow to 1000 °C applying a heating rate of 100 K h -1 . After 1 h at 1000 °C the sample was allowed to cool down to room temperature and subsequently pestled for further use.
Summary of ISO/TC 201 Standard: VII ISO 15472 : 2001—surface chemical analysis—x‐ray photoelectron spectrometers—calibration of energy scales
This international standard specifies a method for calibrating the binding energy scales of x‐ray photoelectron spectrometers, for general analytical purposes, using unmonochromated Al or Mg x‐rays or monochromated Al x‐rays. It is only applicable to instruments that have an ion gun for sputter cleaning. This international standard further specifies a method to establish a calibration schedule, to test for the binding energy scale linearity at one intermediate energy, to confirm the uncertainty of the scale calibration at one low and one high binding energy value, to correct for small drifts of that scale and to define the expanded uncertainty of the calibration of the binding energy scale for a confidence level of 95%. This uncertainty includes contributions for behaviour observed in inter‐laboratory studies but does not cover all of the defects that could occur. This international standard is not applicable to instruments with binding energy scale errors that are significantly non‐linear with energy, to instruments operated in the constant retardation ratio mode at retardation ratios of <10, to instruments with a spectrometer resolution worse than 1.5 eV or to instruments requiring tolerance limits of ±0.03 eV or less. This international standard does not provide a full calibration check, which would confirm the energy measured at each addressable point on the energy scale and would have to be performed in accordance with the manufacturer's recommended procedures. © Crown Copyright 2001. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
XPS: binding energy calibration of electron spectrometers 5—re‐evaluation of the reference energies
The binding energies of the calibration peaks for x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy—Cu 2p3/2, Ag 3d5/2 and Au 4f7/2—have been reassessed based on the traceable data recorded in 1984 using unmonochromated x-rays and an analyser resolution of 0.3 eV. The changes in those energies, for different x-ray sources and analyser resolutions, have been calculated and the results compared with further data. This includes work with monochromatic Al x-rays recorded at high energy resolution, allowing the binding energies to be referred to a new zero value set at the Fermi edge measured for Ag. A consistent set of data is presented for the calibration and assessment of photoelectron spectrometers with energy resolutions in the range 0.2–1.5 eV, when used with unmonochromated Al or Mg x-rays or monochromated Al x-rays. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.