Black Occupational Change and Education
A study of census data shows that differences in the occupational distribution of the male and nonwhite male labor force in the United States have declined slightly between 1950 and 1970, both overall and within educational groups. However, differences in level of schooling or test achievement between whites and nonwhites cannot explain the underrepresentation of nonwhites in managerial, sales, and skilled manual occupations. The proportionate representation of nonwhites in occupations, instead, is a function of the income of the occupation relative to its educational prerequisites. Equal recruitment of educationally qualified nonwhites into skilled crafts and managerial jobs would significantly upgrade the occupational and income status of about fifteen percent of the nonwhite male labor force.
Recent Publications
Anderson, Howard. "What Is New: What Is Important in Labor-management Relations." (Conference on Labor, New York University. Pr-oceedbigs, No. 27, pp. 29-41.) New York: Matthew Bender, 1975. Bargaibiaig IlTitlout Bonndaries: Theu Ainitinationial Corporation and Internzationial Labor Relations. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1974. 258 pp. Conference on Are Union Management Relations Coming of Age? University of Notre Dame, 1973. Proce&'.dings. Edited by Mark J. Fitzgerald ann John J. Broderick. Notre Dame, Imd.; University of Notre D)ame, Dept. of Economics, 1974. 75 pp. Eldridge, J. E. T. "Panaceas and Pragmatism in Industrial Relations," Industrial Relationis Journal, 6 (Spring 1975) , 4-13. Goldfinger, Nat. "Labor-management Relations in an Increasingly Difficl1t Economic Environment.' (InidUstrial Relations Research Association. Proceedings, 1971, pp. 1-8.) Mfadison, Wisc., 1975. Goodman, J. F. B., and others. "Rules in Industrial Relations Theory: A Discussion," Indutstrial Relationis Journal, 6 (Spring 1975) 14-30. Giinter, Hans. "Anith Overview of Some Recent Research on Multinational Corporations and Laborr" IILS Blulletin., No. 12 (1974?), 37-46.
School Integration and Occupational Achievement of Negroes
American Negroes who attend integrated public schools have better jobs and higher incomes throughout at least the next three decades of their life. The differences in income cannot be accounted for by the higher educational attainment of alumni of integrated schools, or by the higher differences in social background. The most significant effect of integrated schooling is probably not "educational." It is probably more important that Negroes who attend integrated schools will have more contact with whites as adults, and tend to have more trust in whites than do Negroes from segregated schools. This in turn partially overcomes a crucial barrier to equal opportunity-the fact that information about employment opportunities is spread through types of informal social contacts to which few Negroes have access.