Impediments of educational bureaucrats on teacher education in Nigeria
This paper set out to discuss the impediments of educational bureaucrats on teacher education in Nigeria and to examine the person of the education bureaucrat, their functions in Nigeria context, their management behaviors and why they failed in the country. It was expected that at the end of the day stakeholders in teacher education would be able to have a positive orientation and understanding of the place of educational bureaucrats in the success of the country’s educational enterprise in teacher education. Nigeria has not been so lucky with good educational bureaucrats in all her endeavors in general and in schools in particular. For this reason, this paper toiled with the future of children with compulsory miseducation in a context of schooling without education – a rebirth of the diploma disease. Therefore, it is recommended that the education bureaucrats should involve teachers, non-teaching staff and students as well as the community through Parent Teachers Association to enhance teacher education in the country.
The Effect of School Bureaucracy on the Relationship between Principals' Leadership Practices and Teacher Commitment in Malaysia Secondary Schools.
The main aim of this research paper was to ascertain the relationship between principal leadership practices and teacher commitment. The study was conducted using quantitative survey questionnaire to 384 secondary school teachers, ranging from band 1 to band 6 in Malaysia using multi stage stratified cluster random sampling. This study was using SPSS nonparametric analysis and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to analyze the data. The study found that teacher commitment was high, especially in commitment in teaching work. The study also identified three significant predictors of principal leadership practices that could enhanced teacher commitment. Findings from this study can be used to tailor for the pre-service and in-service professional leadership programs for school principals. Principal leadership practices such as continuous improvement of instruction, cooperation and collaboration and school climate that impacting teacher commitment should be given more emphases in those programs. School bureaucracy, though it is highly centralized, was another matter of important with regard to teacher commitment
Protection of the Marine Environment: The International and National Regulation of Deep Seabed Mining Activities
This chapter provides an overview of the international and national regulatory framework pertaining to deep seabed mining activities. It begins by discussing the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, the backdrop for all marine activities – be they national or international – and examines the obligations of states to protect the marine environment from the harmful effects arising from deep seabed mining. Next, the chapter examines the international regime for deep seabed mining (i.e. “activities in the Area”), explaining the “common heritage of mankind” status of the Area (i.e. the international seabed); the functions of the International Seabed Authority (ISA), the international organization established to govern deep seabed mining in the Area; and the concept of state sponsorship of non-state entities (i.e. private actors) for deep seabed mining in the Area. The chapter follows with a discussion of the development of national legislation to regulate deep seabed mining, examining efforts in the Pacific region where many prospective deep-sea mining sites are located. This includes a look at the legislative regimes of several Pacific Island nations, namely, Papua New Guinea, Tonga and the Cook Islands, for whom deep seabed mining may soon become a reality – as well as New Zealand and Japan, countries with comparatively developed rule of law and legislative regimes that have undertaken or considered deep seabed mining in their national waters. Overall, the chapter critically describes and evaluates the current regulatory status in the international and national seabed areas and highlights some salient gaps that require urgent attention in order to ensure marine environmental protection and mitigate impacts on humans.