Optimization of Methods and Systems for Strategic and Operational Management Accounting in Agricultural Enterprises
The article focuses on the cost management accounting system as a basis for effective strategic and operational management and a guarantor for maximum profit. It examines various methods of cost management in agricultural holdings and enterprises. Characteristics of the methods are presented in the article. Such conditions for the use of methods as division of costs into variable and fixed, determination of main activities, continuous cost control, marketing forecasts, product competitiveness, the state of internal processes of the enterprise are considered. Direct costing, CVP-analysis and Standard Cost are examined in more detail. The calculation of the contribution margin from cattle breeding products and appropriate management document are presented. The article explores advantages and disadvantages of methods with appropriate recommendations for their use in agricultural enterprises. The calculation of the actual costs variances from standards is shown. Prerogative ways of improving the management accounting system in an unstable financial situation through the appropriate choice of methods and cost management system are defined.
CALCULATION OF PRODUCT COST IN DAIRY FARMING : EXAMPLES FROM ESTONIA
In order to ensure sustainable milk production and comparison of results, it is important to be able to calculate the unit cost of milk production (unit price). As there is no uniform methodology for calculating milk production and full unit cost, companies themselves have tried to develop suitable methodologies which unfortunately have given incomparable results. This uncertainty prevails in the use of topical concepts. This article investigates dairy output unit cost calculation principles in use in Estonia within the framework of a case study, and offers possible solutions for their harmonisation. This issue has become important in Estonia due to the fall in purchase prices on the dairy market.
Cutaneous myiasis caused by the housefly, Musca domestica
Summary We report a case of cutaneous myiasis by the housefly. Musca domestica.