Chariocrinus japonicus, a new species of isocrinid crinoid (Articulata) from the Lower Cretaceous of Takayama City, central Japan
A specimen, originally described as ‘Pentacrinus’ from the Middle–Upper Jurassic of central Japan, is re-analysed and now recognised to be a new species of the genus Chariocrinus Hess, 1972, from the Lower Cretaceous. Chariocrinus japonicus sp. nov. has nine columnals per noditaxis, low columnal height, a pentalobate to sub-pentagonal articular facet and an impersistent median ridge on the latera. Chariocrinus was originally described from the Middle Jurassic of Switzerland, and has also been recognised from elsewhere in Europe, Antarctica and North America. The Japanese specimen represents the first report of Chariocrinus in the Cretaceous of Asia, thereby significantly extending both its temporal and eastern geographical range. This specimen suggests Chariocrinus had a global distribution and, as such, conforms with the distribution of other Mesozoic and modern isocrinine genera.
Latest Jurassic-Early Cretaceous ammonites from the Tetori Group in Shokawa, Gifu Prefecture
А Jurassic ammonite v;.'as knov;.'n since some time t"r-om Mitarai, Shokav;.:a in Gifu Prefecture_ Sato and Kanie (1963) described а Ulloetia (rcctcLil!oettia) and attribl1ted the Callov'ian (middle Jurassic) agc to the Mitarashi (origina1 spelling) Fonnation [тот which the srecimen \\o'as procured, This has Ьееп thoughl to Ье а sole timc indicator of the J.<'onnatioll ulltil Yery recent time. In the meantime the membcrs ofthc 1'o.kai }"ossi1 Society collected а number of ammonites from thc same and neighboring tocalities, wllich include Delphinella cf. obtusenodosa (а berriasellid species v;.'ith ornament-free living сЬатЬег). Тhis indicates the lIррегшоst Jшаssiс to lov.'est Cretaccous agc . .\101"eOVer, tlle above-said Lilloettia (revi~ed as Megapllylloceras (rcctc }"{oCJ"'ophylloceras) Ьу Sato апд \\ТеstеnnаШl, 1991) tнr­ ncd out to Ье а stl'Ollgly l'ibbed phylloeeratid as indicilted Ьу Phylloceras-type sutнres obsef\'able оп sume ofthe nc",,> co1\ections. Phylloccratids aIe genel"al1y 1ong-ranging and are nol controversia! ,vith the аЬоуе age assigrunent, Кеу wщ-ds: Latest Jurassic, Early Cretaceous, Ammonitcs, Tetol"i Отоир, ).1itarashi fonnation, Shoka",,'a jii'i1ti%i'/j]Ю'%:t\Дj'j",IIIЬmlJ' ь U!i\:-'"-i%Jl1!l3ЮII r!hjiIJ!W:ic '" ij -С]' Щi(1!!i1!, "'11; < )J-1ti't '". i±J 1 1 l::im!W:С'[;! i:!ffi~fOЮtБ Ц""'" tLT)J-t!iltJ;li:i -, Т\' Q iJ', -'ici*i: L-Сf-Щi(1I1 HfOlii! !W: 1011; < 11;,,' Q т,Щi(/o'i1!Ч,,1:iJ!i\(1) )$i~:1I:1m 10 j) to '". t1lJ'f'ПJ'ii!!i. ~fiG) 20 л)J-(1) 1 jt[iJ~:t:II г ~iR I ((!jj'!j':J' "', 1999) [о 1;1, L:vj1lJ !W: О) i!'i,q: ,j'+ jj)(J IIl::titII!!J;iI< iCl1; < 5:tt!i9 Qт,Щi(~m (1) rlm, )Lffij!i;!.'Itii!'iJlft" '" [f ic:t]iIi~B!II!~~'I(1) r1!l3 "'f\:;E.(i' Q .~ ~ 10 ;"J~~.:h -C~\.:5. :: С) jiIJt" -с IJ:;±; < iIii (1940) "ч jj)(r;;;lir (1) 5:t 1i'" I!!i fJ'. t'lij1'; '" ~cjzl';Lt:~:X::"'3t""LT\'Q. tCEI:tTO/tj---( ,,,;,,,,tП L, .:с V):$.f+.:tJ{J:gj;.y .=L '7 *2 CJJ~i&L3~o '1 ~) -с.:ь ~ с. с IJ~~ 1J);fl L t· \ '5 ;61, ~~WT&JtJ~2iXtJ: tJ < *~.~ Perisphinctes с jj;" j-, Л' <\ tc'IH' j) <\. t Qj1jtWJШ (1952) ",'1!'i!+0) &Ю' '" П\ " t О) фС'$W!:О)f'КI*IМm{l:t]О)Щi'ljHR [; t:. 7 у -Е-т --( f ЬtQ)фIО~itLТ\'<\iJ', L:О)IЩ:il)jIСI"it.'i~!:t\i:Рег­ ispllinctid, "Calliphylloceras" с ~, -;1 f: rnJJi:: 1: с с:i ~ L ~ \ ~. WJIII Щfi: IC"!'!fXi!'iM!i':i;$: О) i: ~ i i: ~-' 'i-~", t mj1-c L: ') jjQJ",O) ;; ~ :; *1!'if1i=~ttL т \' <\ mrn, 1961) /)',1+111 r,ihJ;il< Q) t", с, Lil/oetia (iE!ii 1: 1;1 LiIloettia) sp,'i-fR t:: t=. L: fliJ'-'!!1'Н C'",Jt!JJ>j(1) "I'!&!,§",IJ> i; JE:rf:: ~.c: ~3JW с':: 4'1 t: ~~~) 7 /' .:с jl' j, -'::, с. tU:
Computer simulations and theory of oceanographic fluorescence lidar signals: effect of sea surface structure.
A 3-D computer simulation model has been developed using geometrical optics suitable for analyzing the effect of sea surface structure on oceanographic fluorescence lidar signals. Depth-resolved and depth-integrated signals reveal a considerable dependence on the surface structure. The results obtained by simulation are confirmed by a theoretical approach based on the transformation of solid angles by curved boundaries. Using statistical assumptions about the distribution of curvatures of the ocean surface, a general expression for this influence is found.