Custodial control or community alternatives? : an examination of the impact of the 1982 Criminal Justice Act in one local authority
State intervention with children and young people in conflict with the law is determined at a local level in England and Wales. While the state lays down legislation which provides a framework for sentencing juvenile offenders, the interaction among agencies involved in local juvenile justice systems determines the day to day practice of controlling young people in trouble with the law. Research into one local juvenile justice system examined the cases of all juveniles sentenced to custody or community alternatives from 1983 through 1988. The research raises issues around methodology, race, criteria for custody, social inquiry reports and agency policy towards juvenile offenders and illustrates a research approach which brings researchers, policy makers, and practitioners together in a productive alliance.
THE TARIFF, SOCIAL INQUIRY REPORTS AND THE SENTENCING OF JUVENILES
Based on a sample of 1,561 cases, this paper examines how type of offence, previous convictions, previous disposals and social inquiry report recommendations influence juvenile court sentencing decisions. Multiple regression analysis is used to determine the relative predictive power of these variables. While type of previous court disposal and current offence(s) were powerful factors, it was found that the inclusion of the social inquiry report recommendation as an additional variable greatly improved prediction of the court outcome. The findings have implications for how social workers and probation officers present information to the court.
Global attractivity in time-delayed predator-prey systems
Abstract For a predator-prey model with time-delay due to gestation, criteria are obtained for persistence and global attractivity. The global attractivity criteria apply only to models with a decreasing prey isocline.