Rural Manpower Utilization in Mgnregs in Dindigul District of Tamil Nadu
Many policy makers have recommended various measures for the development of rural India, since independence. Their study reveals that major portion of unskilled labourers is located in rural India. Mahathma Gandhi national rural employment guarantee scheme (MGNREGS) in Tamilnadu ensures 100 percent unskilled manual works. Dindigul district is an economically developing district in tamilnadu state. Where MGNREGS is being implemented well and where there is a history of distress migration, agriculture have not productive and looking at yields. Relating to age wise registered and employed persons, number of women beneficiary worker with account, category wise house hold workers to whom job card issued and who are active, Employment generated during the financial year 2013-14.
Implementation of NREGA During Eleventh Plan in Maharashtra: Experiences, Challenges and Ways Forward
One of the major planks of rapid poverty reduction in the Eleventh Five Year Plan is the successful implementation of National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (NREGA) in majority of the states of India. The Act, passed by the Parliament in August 2005, is a path-breaking legislation as it guarantees wage employment on public works to any adult who is willing to do unskilled manual work for 100 days in a year at minimum wages as prescribed in the Minimum Wages Act, 1948. The NREGA is different from other wage employment guarantee programmes as it makes employment a right for the people and in the case of failure to provide employment, the state government is liable to pay an unemployment allowance, equivalent to onethird or half of the minimum wage. Although NREGA is an innovative piece of legislation that has no parallel anywhere in the world, one of the major concerns relates to whether guaranteeing employment is a way to alleviate poverty. The experience of Employment Guarantee Scheme (EGS) in Maharashtra, which came into being in 1965 as a pilot project in Tasgaon village in Sangli district, reveals that though poverty rates may not have fallen, the scheme does provide some security to poor households. In fact, Maharashtra seems to be the only state that was successful in preventing an increase in any of the poverty measures during the 1987-88 drought. Further, studies have shown that while head-count ratio (HCR) of poverty may not have gone down significantly, there is a considerable effect on the severity of poverty since EGS wages augment the income of the poor (Khera, 2005). The significance of NREGA lies in the fact that it creates a right based framework for wage employment programme and makes the government legally bound to extend employment to those who demand it. While the Act provides a legal framework, the state governments have the legal liability and the central government provides the fiscal guarantee. The Act ensures that there is decentralised planning, which means a perspective plan needs to be prepared for the whole district with a list of permissible works. In this way the legislation goes beyond providing a social safety net, and towards guaranteeing the right to employment. There has been a spate of studies designed to assess the performance of National Rural Employment
Fiscal Transparency in EU Accession Countries Progress and Future Challenges
This paper discusses the findings of fiscal transparency reports on standards and codes (ROSCs) for most EU accession candidate countries. Emphasis is given to the need to establish effective and accountable medium-term budget frameworks to establish policy credibility and anchor adjustment programs to meet EU fiscal goals. Adoption of budgeting and accounting standards consistent with the IMF Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001 framework will also help link budget decisions to EU standards of fiscal reporting. More consistent and comprehensive coverage of off-budget activities is needed for assessing fiscal risk and sustainability. Finally, local government issues need to be addressed by many of these countries since EU fiscal goals are set with reference to general government. Progress in all of these areas can be monitored by keeping fiscal ROSC assessments up to date.