Influence of tilt angle and grinding angle of the plate on friction and transfer layer formation
In the present investigation, unidirectional grinding marks were attained on the steel plates. Experiments were then conducted using pins of high purity Al, pure Mg and Al-Mg alloys against the prepared steel plates using an inclined pin-on-plate sliding tester. The inclination angle of the plate was varied in the tests and for each inclination angle, the pins were slid both perpendicular and parallel to the unidirectional grinding marks direction under both dry and lubricated conditions. Results showed that the friction, transfer layer formation, and the presence of stick-slip motion significantly depend on the grinding marks direction and tilt angle of the hard surfaces under both dry and lubricated conditions for all the three materials investigated.
Effect of Surface Topography on Friction and Transfer Layer during Sliding
Surface topography influences friction and transfer layer formation during sliding. In the present investigation, various kinds of surface topography were produced on steel plates. Pins made of metals (pure Al, Cu and Pb) and alloys (Al-4Mg and Al-8Mg) were then slid against prepared steel plates using inclined pin-on-plate sliding tester to understand the role of surface topography of harder surface and load on friction and transfer layer formation under both dry and lubricated conditions. It was observed that the transfer layer formation and coefficient of friction along with its two components, namely adhesion and plowing, are strongly dependent on surface topography and independent of surface roughness (Ra). The plowing component of friction was highest for the surface that promotes plane strain conditions and lowest for the surface that promotes plane stress conditions near the surface.
Wood Microbiology: Decay and Its Prevention
Introductory text on the principles of decay and discoloration processes in wood, with emphasis on the major fungal damages which may develop during the growth, storage, and use of wood. The characteristics, detection, effects, and control of microbial attacks are stressed. Provides a synthesis of the current literature on wood microbiology, a rapidly expanding field of study. (Abstractor's note: This is an important resource for conservation researchers studying the decay of wood in art and architecture.) The following is a list of chapter headings: 1) Introduction to wood microbiology; 2) Wood deterioration agents; 3) Characteristics and classification of fungi and bacteria; 4) Factors affecting the growth and survival of fungi in wood (fungal ecology); 5) Fungal metabolism in relation to wood decay; 6) The decay setting: some structural, chemical, and moisture features of wood in relation to decay development; 7) General features, recognition, and anatomical aspects of wood decay; 8) Chemical changes in wood caused by decay fungi; 9) Ultrastructural features of wood decay; 10) Changes caused by decay fungi in the strength and physical properties of wood; 11) Colonization and microbial interactions in wood decay; 12) Decays originating in the stems of living trees; 13) Biodeterioration of stored wood and its control; 14) Wood stains and discolorations; 15) Decay problems associated with some major uses of wood products; 16) Detection of internal decay; 17) Paint mildew and related degradative problems; 18) Natural decay resistance (wood durability); 19) Chemical protection of wood (wood preservation); and 20) Some trends in wood microbiology research and a new emphasis (biotechnology). -- AATA