Academic Advising Evaluation: A Review of Assessment Instruments.
The results of various reports indicate that there is very little evaluation of academic advising. More consistent evaluation, however, could help delineate advising factors critical in producing some of the positive results attributed to good advising. To facilitate the use and development of instruments and to promote evaluation, this article reviews student, advisor, and administrator surveys in terms of their length, content, format, and use. The importance of choosing evaluation instruments appropriate for specific assessment purposes is discussed.
Evaluating Academic Advising in a Multiversity Setting
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the advising system at a complex multiversity and provide answers to both summative and formative evaluation questions. The results suggest that most students (a) are advised, feel that their advising needs have been met, and are satisfied with the help they receive. Students, in general, are less satisfied with the help they receive with specific issues and concerns. However, the results also show that (a) relatively few students consider faculty to be their primary advisors, (b) many students seek advising help from multiple sources, and (c) a majority of students spend 15 minutes or less per semester with their primary advisor. Implications of these results for academic advising at multiversities are discussed.
Calyculins and Related Marine Natural Products as Serine-Threonine Protein Phosphatase PP1 and PP2A Inhibitors and Total Syntheses of Calyculin A, B, and C
Calyculins, highly cytotoxic polyketides, originally isolated from the marine sponge Discodermia calyx by Fusetani and co-workers, belong to the lithistid sponges group. These molecules have become interesting targets for cell biologists and synthetic organic chemists. The serine/threonine protein phosphatases play an essential role in the cellular signalling, metabolism, and cell cycle control. Calyculins express potent protein phosphatase 1 and 2A inhibitory activity, and have therefore become valuable tools for cellular biologists studying intracellular processes and their control by reversible phosphorylation. Calyculins might also play an important role in the development of several diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and type 2-diabetes mellitus. The fascinating structures of calyculins have inspired various groups of synthetic organic chemists to develop total syntheses of the most abundant calyculins A and C. However, with fifteen chiral centres, a cyano-capped tetraene unit, a phosphate-bearing spiroketal, an anti, anti, anti dipropionate segment, an α-chiral oxazole, and a trihydroxylated γ-amino acid, calyculins reach versatility that only few natural products can surpass, and truly challenge modern chemists’ asymmetric synthesis skills.