Determining the property ownership on cadastral works in Turkey.
Abstract The transformation process from state to civil ownership in Turkey was started at the end of the Ottoman Empire and continued until after the formation of Turkish Republic. In this process, in accordance with the Civil Code legislation, most land users who had been using state lands were regarded as owners of those lands. These parcels of real estate were used in various ways and it became necessary to register these properties by using a process called ‘written cadastre’. The initial process was slowed down during World War II but an intensive cadastral program was begun after the war in both urban and rural areas, particularly in 1950s. The cadastre work had two components called technical and legal. The definition of land ownership is the legal foundation of the cadastre. If properties have their titles, land ownership can be defined based on the title; otherwise the ownership can be defined according to statements by experts chosen from local people. However, without title or written evidence, determining the land ownership is more problematic. In this context, this study explains how the ownership of properties, with or without a title, is determined in cadastral work in Turkey.
Utilization of Cloud Computing for Presentation of Cadastre Data
SUMMARY Recent developments in Cloud Computing (CC) technology affect Computer Aided Design (CAD) and Geographical Information Systems (GIS). Due to harmonization of these technologies a new area called Spatial Cloud Computing (SCC) has been emerged. CAD and GIS are essential tools for a cadastre application. SCC will bring efficiency and velocity to process of cadastre applications done by government or private sector. Internet’s accessibility will make spatial/non-spatial file shares easier and faster. As an example a surveyor in land may easily access to maps, satellite views or any data relevant without any obligation of going to office. This access also can be possible with smart phone, tablet or laptop thus just necessity is internet connection. With SCC user will be able to view, edit or share cadastre data or land title independent of installing any CAD or GIS software. On the other hand, at cadastre applications SCC brings functionality, high capacity and scalability besides accessibility. In this paper the innovations SCC brings to cadastre and related geospatial studies were researched and some of these were tested, verified with case studies.
Urban Identities and Catastrophe: Izmir and Salonica at the End of the Ottoman Empire*
Two huge fires dramatically influenced the urban development of Salonica and Izmir, in 1917 and in 1922, respectively. These catastrophes occurred after the Ottoman Empire fell, and Salonica and Izmir had shifted into new national contexts. The fires mainly destroyed the districts that were transformed during the late‐Ottoman period. These districts became the cosmopolitan façades of modern Izmir and Salonica. The post‐fires' tabula rasa provided an opportunity for Greek and Turkish politicians and European planners to change the urban identity of both cities. Moreover, the Lausanne Treaty of 1923 transformed their multicultural societies also. Reconstruction plans had been thought to de‐Ottomanize and remove the previous idea of the towns and their multiplicity, interpreting new cultural and nationalist feeling. Here, I emphasize how modernity was interpreted before and after the fires, and point out contradictions between ideological aspects of planning and how the first urban districts were built during the 1920s.