Magnetic behaviour in Dy1 − xMmxCo2 compounds
The magnetic behaviour in Dy1 − xMmxCo2 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5; Mm = mischmetal) compounds is reported using temperature and field dependence of magnetization (M–T and M–H respectively) measurements. A strong composition dependent irreversibility is observed in both the M–T and M–H scans below the magnetic ordering temperature (TC). A clear change of the first-order magnetic transition of DyCo2 to a second-order one in Dy0.5Mm0.5Co2 is evidenced by M–T and a series of Arrott (M2 versus H/M) plots, obtained from the M–H isotherms around TC. The variation in induced moments of the Co sublattice is estimated. It is found that the Mm substitution can only lead to a considerable reduction in the TC, saturation magnetization, and Co moment. The observed behaviour of M–T and M–H plots with increasing Mm content is discussed in detail.
The effect of substitution of La for Tb on some physical properties of Tb1−xLaxNi2 solid solutions
Abstract Experimental data on the structure, magnetization and heat capacity of polycrystalline Tb1−xLaxNi2 samples are represented. The X-ray diffraction performed at room temperature allowed us to reveal that the Tb1−xLaxNi2 solid solutions solidify with the formation of a Laves-phase superstructure corresponding to the F 4 ¯ 3 m space group; no Laves-phase structure is formed. Magnetic measurements showed that the samples with x ≤ 0.8 are ferromagnets with relatively low (below 36 K) Curie temperatures TC. Their Curie temperatures decrease from 36 K for TbNi2 to 8 K for Tb0.2La0.8Ni2. The samples of Tb0.1La0.9Ni2 and LaNi2 have no any long-range magnetic order in measurements temperature range, though the heat capacity measurements suggest a critical La content 90% and TC = 3 K. At high temperatures, all solid solutions are Curie–Weiss paramagnets. The heat capacity measurements have been performed for solid solutions Tb1−xLaxNi2 with x ≤ 0.5 and allowed us to determine the Debye temperature. The magnetocaloric effect was estimated from measurements performed in two magnetic field, 0.42 and 4.2 T.
Iustitia Dei: A History of the Christian Doctrine of Justification
Preface Acknowledgements 1. Prolegomena 2. The fountainhead: Augustine of Hippo 3. The development of the doctrine in the medieval period 4. The medieval schools of thought on justification 5. The transition from the medieval to the modern period 6. The development of the doctrine in the Reformation period 7. The Tridentine decree of justification 8. The legacy of the English Reformation 9. The modern period Appendix: a glossary of medieval soteriological terms Abbreviations Notes Bibliography Index.