The Effect of Magnetic Radiation on Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil
The deposition of paraffin wax during the pipeline transportation impedes the flow of crude oil and eventually blocks the pipelines. The hot oiling method is extensively used to control the wax deposition in the oil industry. Consequently, a huge amount of energy is consumed to heat the crude oil by hot water or electrical power every year. In order to save the energy cost, the magnetic paraffin control technology is presented and evaluated with the hot oiling method, and accordingly the effect of the magnetic radiation on the oil transportation is detailed. The experiments carried out have demonstrated that the magnetic treatment can compensate for the resistance rising of the pipeline caused by the hot water reduction. Especially, the transportation of crude oil (at the surrounding temperature of -10°C~-30°C) without any heating has been observed in the Daqing oil field under the radiation of a magnetic field of 120 mT. In addition, the effect of the length of pipelines on the performance of magnetic treatment was also investigated.
Effect of Constant Magnetic Field on the Rheological Properties of High-Paraffinicity Oils
The effect of constant magnetic field on the rheological properties and freezing point of a number of high-paraffinicity oils is studied. It is established that the rheological behavior of oils in a magnetic field depends on the content of paraffin hydrocarbons, resins, and asphaltenes. An increase in the main rheological parameters upon the action of magnetic field is observed for high-paraffinicity oils with the increased content of neutral resins and a decrease, for high-paraffinicity oils with the increased content of acid resins. The activation energy of viscous flow is determined and the dependence of the rate of the recovery of rheological properties on the parameters of magnetic treatment and the ratio between the content of paraffin hydrocarbons and resin–asphaltene components is established for the magnetically treated oils of different compositions.
Efficacy of life skills training on general health in students
BACKGROUND
With regard to the importance of life skills, the present study deals with the effect of life skills training on general health of the students.


MATERIALS AND METHODS
This was a one-group, pre-test, post-test, quasi-experimental research. Forty students were selected through purposive sampling method. The data collection tool was Goldberg General Health Questionnaire.


RESULTS
Paired t-test showed a 22 score significant decrease in general health after education compared to before education (P < 0.01).


CONCLUSION
This study showed that life skills education increases general health level of the students.