The accounting of the simultaneous exposure of the low temperatures and the penetrating radiation at the circuit simulation of the BiJFET analog interfaces of the sensors
The article considers a choice of CAD system and SPICE-models for the circuit simulation of characteristics of the bipolar (BiJFET) analog integrated circuits (IC) at the exposure of the penetrating radiation (PR) and the low temperatures. The authors suggest a modified SPICE-model, which describes the nonmonotonic change of the peak drain current and the slope of the p-n junction FET (JFET) within the temperature range from −200°C to 30°C.
Software and hardware complex for studying semiconductor devices at low, incl. cryogenic, temperatures
The authors gave reasons for preference of choice of hardware and software making possible to perform automatically the low-temperature research of electronic components (analog ICs, BiTs, JFets). The article considers measurement techniques, software features and an experimental setup that allow determining the main parameters of analog integrated circuits (IC), bipolar transistors (BiT) and junction field effect transistors (JFET) at low temperatures up to the liquid nitrogen temperature. Agilent Visual Engineering Environment software was used to control of the measuring instruments. In the developed subroutine PIP_V7-91_ISCC_Mk2.vee, designed for simultaneous measurement of the current consumption of 4 blocks using voltmeters B7-91 and a programmable power source, several UserObjects are used: ExcelFileHeader, MultimeterSet, MeasurementCycle, DataToCells. For measuring of CVCs by the E7-25 immittance meter, the developed system uses the subroutine e7-25_Mk2.vee, which stores the measurement results in an Excel file. To control of the measuring instruments, we used also “LIDER” software and an additional program that converts the measurement results into csd-format, due to which they can be imported and processed by the graphic postprocessor of the widely used OrCAD®Capture software.
Use of a specific antiserum for renin detection in human kidney.
The use of anti-human renin antibodies made possible the intrarenal localization of renin in human kidney by immunofluorescence. In normal kidney, only some juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) were fluorescent. In these JGA, granular or diffuse fluorescence was only seen in afferent arterioles and was not present in all cells. In the ischemic areas of partially infarcted kidney, fluorescence was seen in all JGA and in interlobular arteries. In these arteries the most eccentric cells were often the most positive. In the nonischemic areas of the same kidneys, fluorescence was not seen in JGA, but was observed in proximal tubular cells, suggesting the reabsorption of filtered renin at this site.