Exploring the Importance of the Management of Health and Safety Risks
This paper examines the employee’s perceptions about Health and Safety Risks in the Organizations specifically the violence, included harassment (moral and sexual) phenomena considered emerging risk by EU-OSHA. Questions surveyed adapted from European Survey of Enterprises on New and Emerging Risks questionnaire with data collected(N =407).The results show that health and safety risks are affected by obstacles like a lack of resources such as time, staff or money, a lack of awareness, a lack of training and or expertise, a lack of technical support or guidance, culture within the establishment, and sensitivity of the issue, as well as the difficulties and obstacles in dealing with the risks significantly affect the management and decision making.
[Violence and social inequalities: mortality rates due to homicides and life conditions in Salvador, Brazil].
INTRODUCTION
Some studies have been questioning the association between poverty and violence. This study's purpose is to assess the distribution of homicide indicators associated with living conditions in Salvador, Brazil.


METHODS
A cluster study for the years 1991 to 1994 was carried out including the 75 data centers of the city of Salvador, BA, Brazil. Using death certificates for the study period, yearly mortality rates and mortality ratios were estimated. The 1991 census data of monthly wages and years of education for all family providers were used to define a four-category variable related to living conditions. Mortality rates due to homicide and the relative risk regarding the lowest living condition area were calculated for each social stratum. The 95% confidence intervals were calculated using the Confidence Interval Analysis software.


RESULTS
The highest mortality rates due to homicide were seen in the poorest areas. The relative risk due to homicide for the lowest and the highest living condition areas was statistically significant at 5% level and ranged from 2.9 to 5.1.


CONCLUSIONS
The data show a strong association between social inequalities and homicide in this urban area, emphasizing the importance of crime reduction programs.
O novo paradigma da violência
O autor procura redimensionar o conceito de violencia dentro do atual estado de globalizacao mundial. Crise internacional, narcotrafico, derrocada do bloco socialista no leste europeu, politicas assistenciais de organismos internacionais, conceitos de desenvolvimento e de subdesenvolvimento, terrorismo, sectarismo politico e religioso, novas conceituacoes culturais e sociais sao temas trabalhados pelo autor com vistas ao estabelecimento de um novo paradigma da violencia.