The enhanced optical property of chemical passivated n type GaSb
In the paper, Te-doped n type GaSb was passivated by (NH4)2S, the optical and surface properties of passivated GaSb were investigated by PL and AFM. After passivation treatment, the luminescence intensity of GaSb was enhanced. The passivation time would also affect luminescence intensity and the surface smooth of GaSb.
Structure and stability of passivating arsenic sulfide phases on GaAs surfaces
Passivating AsxSy phases that form on GaAs after reactions with aqueous sulfides [Na2S⋅9H2O and (NH4)2S] decompose in the presence of oxygen and light, producing a surface composed primarily of As2O3. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows that (NH4)2 S‐treated surfaces degrade in two steps with the initial AsxSy (present as a disulfide) degrading by S–S bond cleavage to yield As2O3 and an As2S3 phase like the one that forms on GaAs after Na2S⋅9H2O reactions. XPS reveals little decomposition of surface sulfides in the presence of light or oxygen alone, showing that GaAs passivation could be made long‐lived if either is rigorously excluded.
European Consumer Access to Justice Revisited
Part I. Setting the Stage: Access to Justice 2.0: 1. At the very outset 2. Access to justice 2.0: breaking it into pieces Part II. Procedural Law: The Traditional Pillar of Access to Justice 2.0: 3. A brief outline of the developments at the pan-EU level 4. Prime examples 5. Compensatory collective redress: the next step? 6. Where to go from here? Part III. Substantive Law: Complementing Access to Justice 2.0: 7. Widening the scope of the value-oriented justice discussion 8. Substantive consumer law-making in the course of time 9. Recent trends and developments 10. The common European sales law 11. Summarising comments on the defragmentation of substantive consumer laws in the context of the CRD and the CESL Part IV. Consumer Access to Justice 2.0: A Multidimensional Framework: 12. From the current state of consumer law to consumer access to justice 2.0 13. The justice debate and consumer legislation 14. (Responses to) counter-arguments to third-party intervention 15. Consumer empowerment 16. Lessons to be drawn.