Learner discipline: An Australian perspective
Australian schools by and large are safe schools. Nonetheless discipline problems do exist – including bullying behaviour. For this kind of problem schools should have management policies in place. As traditional behaviour-management practices – including corporal punishment – are largely prohibited in Australian schools, contemporary practices centre on management through supportive school programmes, including appropriate curricula and school-support structures. This article supports the belief that measures such as the exclusion of misbehaving learners should be treated with caution. Measures such as this might not reflect accepted international principles and practices and should only be exercised in the most extreme circumstances. The article also supports the view that it is part of the school’s role to ensure that all learners are aware of the reality that while they have rights, they also have corresponding responsibilities. This awareness is more likely to be achieved in a supportive school culture where each learner is recognised as having unique qualities that can mature and grow in an appropriate learning environment.
Student peer-related aggression as a legal issue in the management of an independent girl's school in Queensland
This study was concerned with examining the potential legal implications that an independent girls' school may be exposed to in relation to managing student peer-related aggression. There appeared to be two main aspects to managing this issue, which are, responding to incidents as they emerged, and secondly actively preventing their occurrence. It is demonstrated in the literature (Borg, 1998: 433) that there has been significant research conducted in regard to bullying, and as a result there is a growing awareness of the seriousness of the problem, particularly as a result of the consequences and frequency of student peer-related aggression in schools. However, it was evident that an area that had not been thoroughly researched was to do with the legal implications associated with this topic. This was despite the growing use of the law in education-related matters, and the growing emphasis being placed on risk management and the importance of schools' being hostile-free learning environments. 
 
This study adopted a multi-method exploratory case study approach utilising qualitative and quantitative paradigms, to examine how a school manages student peer-related aggression. This encompassed frequency of aggressive acts, bullying behaviours, responses of staff and students, whether the issue was perceived as a problem, promotion of school programs, and attempts to minimise and prevent student peer-related aggression. This was achieved by , surveying students and teaching staff of the school, interviewing the Deputy Principal, and examining school documents. The results were then analysed in regard to the effect of potential areas of law, that is, tort, contract, legislation, United Nations treaties and criminal law. While there were few problems in relation to potential legal implications for the case study school the study did find one area of concern, that is, the school appeared to respond on a needs basis to incidents of student peer-related aggression. Considering the reported seriousness of student peer-related aggression and the availability of prevention programs, it is suggested that a more appropriate approach to managing this issue would involve the incorporation of prevention strategies so as to minimise the potential legal consequences.
France in the Middle Ages 987-1460 : from Hugh Capet to Joan of Arc
Translatora s Note. Foreword. List of Illustrations. List of Genealogical Tables. Part I: The Inheritance: . 1. The Empire. 2. The Frankish People. 3. The Principalities. 4. Disturbances. Part II: Lordship:. 5. The Village. 6. The Castle. 7. The Church. 8. King and Lord. Part III: Origins of State and Nation:. 9. The Great Age of Progress. 10. Louis VII. 11. Philip Augustus. 12. The South. 13. The Thirteenth Century. 14. The Fourteenth Century. 15. The Maid of Orleans. Epilogue. Chronology. Bibliography. Index.