The potential for material processing by microwave energy
This paper presents the potential applications for material processing by microwave energy which is electromagnetic waves that penetrates material and cause its molecules to rotate and generate heat. In this paper, potential uses of microwave energy in iron and steel making processes will be discussed in detail. Actually, microwave energy has been in use for various applications for over half century. One of the most well known applications is drying and cooking of food. Currently, industrial uses of microwave energy include direct-reduced iron making, wood processing, sintering, coke making, and so on. And moreover, CO2 and CH4 can be decomposed by super heating effect of microwave energy which can also be called as high temperature plasma furnace. In conventional heating processes, the materialpsilas surface is heated first and then the heat moves inward, while the material is heated the entire volume at about the same time, in microwave heating processes. Microwave heating method can be used in addition to conventional heating techniques to enhance the reaction of the material processing.
Reduction of NOx adsorbed on char with microwave energy
Abstract Microwave energy was used to regenerate the NOx saturated char samples. It was found that the temperature of gas produced from microwave regenerations was close to the room temperature, and CO and CO2 were released approximately 10 seconds after microwave energy was applied. These observations suggest that the sites occupied by NOx may absorb more microwave energy than pure char. Consequently, these adsorption sites heat up rapidly and may turn into hot spots in a very short time. The reduction reactions of adsorbed NOx by carbon takes place at these hot spots. The NOx are adsorbed on char in the forms of NO2 and HNO3 when moisture and oxygen are present in the feed gas. This study shows that the higher percentage of HNO3 in the adsorbed NOx results in higher temperatures of product gas and hence higher reduction efficiency of the adsorbed NOx. Therefore, it is inferred that the sites occupied by HNO3 may absorb more microwave energy than those by NO2. Up to 90% of the adsorbed NOx was reduced in this microwave regeneration process.
Testing digital circuits using a Mixed-Signal Automatic Test Equipment
This paper presents the results of parametric testing of digital ICs using a dedicated Mixed Signal Automatic Testing Equipment. Due to the prohibitive price of the ATE equipment and dedicated Device Interface Board (DIB) for digital Integrated Circuits (ICs), a DIB for analog circuits was used to perform the testing. Despite the challenges presented by the experiments, the results prove to be accurate for the performed tests, according to the data sheet of the digital ICs and production test data provided by the manufacturer.