Labour markets and employment relations in transition: the case of German unification
Examines some of the radical changes in labour markets and employment relations in the former German Democratic Republic (DDR) immediately following German unification and identifies a large degree of continuity in management personnel but an almost total replacement of union officials. Concludes that, while unification has undermined some of the characteristics of the employment relations system, stronger pressures for change are arising from the impact of global competitive pressures in the German economy. The system is likely to be subject to evolutionary modification rather than radical change.
Crisis in the Eurozone: Causes, Dilemmas and Solutions
1. The Eurozone as a Flawed Currency Area PART I: THE ECONOMICS OF MONETARY INTEGRATION 2. The Development of Microfoundations of Macroeconomics 3. Contemporary Macroeconomic Thought and its Discontents 4. Theoretical Considerations of a Single Currency PART II: CONTEMPORARY ECONOMIC POLICYMAKING 5. Rules and Institutions in International Monetary Systems 6. Fiscal Policy Within the Eurozone 7. Monetary Policy Within the Eurozone 8. Economic Policymaking Within the Eurozone PART III: SOLUTIONS TO THE EUROZONE CRISIS 9. Moral Persuasion, Financial Relief and Debt Default 10. Fiscal Federalism 11. European Clearing Union 12. The Collapse of the Eurozone: Disaster or Liberation? 13. From the Eurozone to National Economic Self-governance
The peculiar thermo-structural behavior of the anionic lipid DMPG.
Aqueous dispersions of the anionic phospholipid dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG), around 100 mM ionic strength, are known to exhibit a thermal behavior similar to that of the largely studied lipid dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), which undergoes a gel to liquid crystalline phase transition at 23 degrees C, well characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and other methods. However, at low ionic strength, DMPG has been shown to present a large gel-fluid transition region, ranging from 18 to 35 degrees C. This intermediate phase is optically transparent and characterized by a continuous change in membrane packing. Structural properties of the DMPG gel-fluid transition region will be discussed, based on results obtained by several techniques: electron spin resonance (ESR) of spin labels at the membrane surface and intercalated at different depths in the bilayer; light scattering; DSC; small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS); and fluorescence spectroscopy of probes in the bilayer.