Design of an Ultra-High Resolution SEM for Enhanced Analysis
The column is equipped with a well-known single-pol e bjective lens [2] that creates a strong magnetic  field around the sample, thus dramatically decreasi ng optical aberrations. Design optimization and combining the magnetic immersion field with the ele ctrostatic field [3] further improves the resolutio n to less than 1.1 nm at 1 kV. For analytical purpose s (EDS or EBSD) or for use with a FIB column however, the immersion magnetic field becomes a com plication due either to curvature of signal electron trajectories or beam splitting of ion-isot opes.
High‐resolution low‐voltage electron optical system for very large specimens
This article introduces an unconventional electron optical probe forming system which is particularly suitable for low beam voltages and very large specimens, such as semiconductor wafers which also require a large angle tilting. The system can produce an electron probe of less than 20 A for a nontilting specimen at 1‐kV beam voltage with a working distance of 2.5 mm. The particular design allows a large volume of free space below the specimen which may be used to accommodate a complicated transporting mechanism.
New Approaches for Positron Emission Tomography ( PET ) in Breast Carcinoma
Positron Emission Tomography (PET) is a nuclear medicine imaging technique which allows the quantitative evaluation of the distribution of several pharmaceuticals in a target area. PET therefore provides valuable information on the biochemical and biological activity inside a living subject in a noninvasive way, combining techniques applied in nuclear medicine with the precise localization achieved by computerized image reconstruction.