EDUCATIONAL POLICY PROVISION IN THE STATE OF PARANÁ, BRAZIL - 2001/2006
This paper presents the results of research on educational policies in the state of Parana, Brazil. The research assessed the impact of the provision of vacancies in Basic Education from 2001 to 2006. The effectiveness of such public action in education was one of the aims of the research. The study used offi cial databases about the population, number of students who enroll, stay in schools and fi nish their studies. The main conclusions of the study show that in the state of Parana, Basic Education policies have not been effective as social demands are not completely achieved; for example, there is not enough provision of vacancies, there is a lack of quality conditions and the actions implemented are not articulated with social needs.
Princípios de justiça e avaliação de políticas
The article proposes a way of putting together two things which usually are dealt with separatedly: the philosophic discussion on principles of justice and the evaluation of social policies.
Justice and Capitalist Production: Marx and Bourgeois Ideology
Is capitalist production unjust? It is easy to think, upon first reading Marx, that he answers this question in the affirmative. And I shall argue that this naive reading is correct. This needs to be argued, however, for a more careful scrutiny of Marx's writings reveals passages in which he seems to call capitalist production just or fair. Relying upon these passages, Robert Tucker and Allen W. Wood have urged that, in Wood's words, it is simply not the case that Marx's condemnation of capitalism rests on some conception of justice (whether explicit or implicit), and those who attempt to reconstruct a “Marxian idea of justice” from Marx's manifold charges against capitalism are at best only translating Marx's critique of capitalism, or some aspect of it, into what Marx himself would have consistently regarded as a false, ideological, or “mystified” form. What Marx regarded as false and mystified, however, is not the practice of assessing social institutions as just or unjust, but rather the picture of those institutions, and especially of capitalist production, to be found in bourgeois ideology.