A Teaching Resource For English Education In Japanese Elementary Schools
The first time they encounter a word, understanding the meaning is helped by activating schema related to it. Students’ prior knowledge influences how they comprehend things and how they make meaning. This knowledge should be respected and used to build comprehension and serve learning. They can be asked what they know about a word or topic or what it makes them think of. Sometimes, schema will be related concepts and words from the first language. As knowledge increases, these will be in place in the second language. By doing this, students use their resources to build a link from the initial meaning/idea to related ones, and vocabulary is extended. The more learners have to think to understand a word, the more likely they are to be able to recall it. Learning a word should not be thought of as either “yes, I have learned it” or “no, I have not”. It is a long process where knowledge is continually built, deepening understanding of a word on different levels. Initially, students recognize a word they hear and understand the meaning. As it is encountered again, understanding is more fully developed by working with the form of the word, using it and then being able to produce it automatically. Vocabulary development is essential in order for students to be able to take part in discourse. In addition to this, they are able to learn new vocabulary while taking part. This is in keeping with the idea of always teaching language in
Teaching English in the Primary Classroom
Part 1: working with young language learners identifying priorities and their implications being realistic - practical activities 1. Part 2: working with a coursebook working without a coursebook integrating language work and other subjects - practical activities 2.
How to interpret surveys in medical research: A practical approach
Surveys are being used increasingly in health-care research to answer questions that may be difficult to answer using other methods. While surveys depend on data that may be influenced by self-report bias, they can be powerful tools as physicians seek to enhance the quality of care delivered or the health care systems they work in. The purpose of this article is to provide readers with a basic framework for understanding survey research, with a goal of creating well-informed consumers. The importance of validation, including pretesting surveys before launch, will be discussed. Highlights from published surveys are offered as supplementary material. Was the survey well designed? Was the sample appropriate and the response rate adequate? And do the data support the conclusions?