Triterpene glycosides of Cephalaria kotschyi and C. nachiczevanica
Methanolic extracts of the flowers and roots of each species were evaporated to dryness separately, the residues were dissolved in water, and the solutions were washed with chloroform and ethyl acetate and were then extracted with n-butanol. The concentrated butanolic extracts were purified by chromatography on KSK silica gel in the butan-l-ol-methanol (3:1) system. According to thin-layer chromatography (TLC) on silica gel in the butan-l-ol-methanoi--25% ammonia (10:2:5) system, the combined saponins isolated contained seven triterpene glycosides, which were called, in order of increasing polarity, cephalarosides A, B, C, D, E, F, and G. The compositions of the glycosides of the two plants proved to be identical.
Structural elucidations and spectral assigments of two novel triterpene glycosides from Cephalaria paphlagonica
Two novel triterpene glycosides, paphlagonoside A (1) and B (2), were characterised as 28-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1 → 2)-α- L-arabinopyranosyl(1 → 4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-hederagenin (1) and 28-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl(1 → 4)-α- L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 → 3)-β-D-xylopyranosyl (1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1 → 2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl]-hederagenin (2) from Cephalaria paphlagonica (Dipsacaceae). In addition to these, a common natural product (hederagenin) (3) was also isolated. The structures of all compounds were identified by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the plant extracts were examined by MIC and DPPH activity methods, respectively.
Rethinking Sexuality Foucault and Classical Antiquity
In this collection of essays, historians and literary theorists assess the influence of Michel Foucault, particularly his "History of Sexuality", on the study of classics. Foucault's work presents a theory of sexuality for both ancient and modern times. These essays should help the reader to explore Foucault's model of Greek culture and see how well his interpretation accounts for the full range of evidence from Greece and Rome.