Effects of pH Value of the Electrolyte and Glycine Additive on Formation and Properties of Electrodeposited Zn-Fe Coatings
Environmentally friendly and cyanide-free sulfate bath under continuous current and the corrosion behavior of electrodeposits of zinc-iron alloys were studied by means of electrochemical tests in a solution of 3.5% NaCl in presence and absence of glycine. The effects of pH on the quality of Zn-Fe coatings were investigated in order to improve uniformity and corrosion protection performance of the coating films. The deposit morphology was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine the preferred crystallographic orientations of the deposits. It was found that the uniformity and corrosion resistance of Zn-Fe coating films were strongly associated with pH of the coating electrolyte. To obtain the effect of pH on the film quality and corrosion performances of the films, the corrosion test was performed with potentiodynamic anodic polarization method. It was also observed that uniformity and corrosion resistivity of the coating films were decreased towards pH = 5 and then improved with increasing pH value of the electrolyte. The presence of glycine in the plating bath decreases the corrosion resistance of Zn-Fe coatings.
Cobalt–nickel material libraries obtained from electrodeposition using citrate or glycine as additives
Abstractauthoren Fabrication of cobalt–nickel material libraries was performed by electrodeposition in a modified 3D‐printed Hull cell using sulfate‐based electrolyte baths containing trisodium citrate or glycine as additives. A transition from anomalous to normal co‐deposition behavior was observed for different overall applied current densities. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed needle‐shaped crystallites on the sample obtained from citrate solution and a nodular surface morphology for the material library from glycine solution. Non‐enzymatic glucose sensing was carried out by flow‐type scanning droplet cell microscopy (FT‐SDCM) to investigate the electrocatalytic activity for glucose oxidation.
Ideological Quietism? Ideology and Party Politics in Britain
Ideology and political parties are frequently depicted as disparate entities, with scholars citing a range of exogenous and endogenous changes to demonstrate the decreasing relevance of ideology to party politics. This article moves away from such accounts by looking at the role of actors, and specifically party leaders, in contributing to perceptions of ideological decline. Through an examination of the rhetoric of Labour and Conservative Party leaders in Britain between 1946 and 1997, this article contends that politicians have engaged in, what is termed here, ‘ideological quietism’. In this sense, parties have not abandoned ideology but have made rhetorical shifts indicative of ideological decline.