Variational method for inner-shell excitation in heavy-ion collisions
In the framework of the monopole model we study a perturbation method for inner-shell excitation which covers the whole projectile velocity region. This is achieved by introducing a velocity-dependent variational parameter and minimizing the time-dependent perturbation. We apply the method to theK-excitation of nonrelativistic systems.
The nonadiabatic sliding model and its application to δ-electron emission
The ejection of target K electrons by projectiles which move with an arbitrary velocityν is calculated with the help of optimised basis states. These states are variationally determined by minimising the time-dependent monopole perturbation. Asν increases, this prescription provides a continuous transition from molecular states to atomic states. It is demonstrated that a molecular description should not only be applied at lowν, but also for very large energies of the ejected electron even ifν is large. Calculations are performed for the collision systems Li+Ne and O+Al.
Charge cloud study of atomic and molecular structure
The conceptually simple charge cloud model of atomic and molecular structure is applied to three problems: atomic hydrogen, molecular hydrogen, and crystalline lithium hydride. Because of its simplicity, the model lends itself well to calculations that are easily performed by undergraduates. While the calculations are, on the whole, only in modest agreement with experimental results, the model provides useful insights in all the areas to which it is applied.