Participation Of Family-Women In Agricultural Production : A Case Study Of Jaffna District, Sri Lanka
Family women play significant and crucial role in  agricultural development and allied fields. Several factor both economic and non economic factors are responsible for women participation. However, it is most unfortune that role of women in agriculture has not highlighted..Therefore the effort were made to analyse the work performed by women in agriculture. This study was under taken in Valikamam area of Jaffna district. A total of 185 household were selected through proportionate random sampling. The selected respondents were interview personally using pre tested well structured questionnaire. The data were analysed using appropriate statistical tool -probit model. The finding showed that the women contribution to the agricultural production is highly in family-women. The family-women age, income level and tenure rights had inverse relationship with participation in agriculture while, educational level, years of experience, distance of the woman’s farm from homestead, member of cooperative ,woman contribution in agriculture ,extension services and level of contribution had positive and significant relationship. Keywords :agricultural production , family-women, valikamam , probit.
Shadows of Conflict in Northern and Eastern Sri Lanka: Socioeconomic Challenges and a Way Forward
This volume summarizes a series of studies undertaken to better understand the current socioeconomic context of the Northern and Eastern provinces in Sri Lanka. Nearly a decade after the end of the Sri Lankan civil war, the Northern and Eastern provinces lag in key social and economic measures. The study was made up of six background studies focused on (i) the provincial economies and economic structures of the North and East; (ii) labor force dynamics; (iii) demographic changes and impacts on vulnerability; (iv) the psychosocial needs of the local population; (v) community and social institutions; and (vi) livelihood trends and impacts of the war on productive assets. These studies were informed by both primary data collection, as well as secondary data sources and literature. The key findings from the assessment show that significant public investments in the Northern and Eastern provinces have resulted in growth and convergence between these provinces and the rest of the country. However, pockets of poverty and deprivation remain across these provinces, and the economic base of the region has yet to fully recover from the impacts of the civil war. Social vulnerabilities were persistent across the Northern and Eastern provinces, and were closely linked with poverty rates. With the demographic impacts of the war, vulnerabilities for women are growing in the region. There was a high rate of psychosocial needs recorded, and evidence that the social fabric has not been fully restored since the war. Citizen engagement, trust, and accountability remain important priorities, alongside economic revival, job creation, and restoring the social fabric and local institutions.
Gender Involvement in Arable Crop Cultivation and its Contributions to Household Food Security in Ogun State, Nigeria
This study examined gender involvement in arable crop cultivation and its contributions to household food security in Obafemi Owode Local Government area of Ogun State. Interview guide was used to elicit information from 120 arable crop farmers. The sample comprised 84 male and 36 female arable crop farmers. Some of the findings showed that most of the respondents were within the ages of 30-49 years with mean age of 44 years. A large proportion of the sample male farmers (64%) were between 39-48 years of age while 24 percent of the female farmers were between 35-44 years. Seventy three percent of sample male farmers had between 2-3 wives, family size range between 4-15 persons. About 75 percent of the sample farmers had completed one form of formal education. Both male and female farmers produced arable crops such as maize, rice, cassava and yam. Male respondents were more active in rice farm operations such as land preparation (64%) and nursery (59%) while women were more involved in activities such as processing (81%) and post storage (75%) activities. However, the level of contribution of male and female to arable crop farming for household food security was average. Lack of adequate fund (59%), pest and disease attack (56%), high cost of input (56%) were some of the highest constraints to arable crop production. T-test analysis revealed that, there was no significant difference between men and women in cultivation of arable crops to household food security (t = 4.61 p < 0.13). The study concluded that there should be a greater cooperation between extension agencies especially ADP and the research institutes in providing information on improved production of arable crops with great consideration for gender implication.