Municipal Government Benefits Practices and Personnel Outcomes: Results from a National Survey
Employee benefits are an essential and costly component of the compensation and human resources management system. This research effort surveyed 358 municipal governments on their employee benefits practices. The survey results clearly indicate that municipal governments are very competitive in terms of traditional benefits (health, pensions, dental coverage, etc.) as all 10 types, except for short-term disability, are provided by a majority of the responding municipalities and exceed private sector rates. Municipal governments lag behind the private sector in the deployment of key family-friendly benefits such as child-care, elder care, flexi-place, flex-time and job sharing.
Parental Leave of Absence: Some Not So Family‐Friendly Implications1
This experiment examined the effects of ratee gender, type of leave of absence, and level of performance on perceptions of organizational commitment, work commitment, family commitment, and recommendations for organizational rewards. The proposed 3-way interactions between gender, type of leave of absence, and performance level were not supported; however, main effects and 2-way interactions were revealed. Moreover, perceived organizational commitment and work commitment were found to moderate the relationship between performance level and reward recommendations. The findings also indicated that men who were depicted as taking a leave of absence from work for parental reasons were less likely to be recommended for rewards than were males who had not taken a leave of absence.
Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of cardiac blood cysts.
BACKGROUND
Cardiac blood cysts (BCs) are rare benign cardiac masses. This study aimed to summarize the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients with BCs.


METHODS
This retrospective study enrolled patients diagnosed with BC between 2009 and 2021 at a single center in China. Their clinical and echocardiographic characteristics, management, and outcomes at follow-up are summarized.


RESULTS
The study population comprised 26 patients with BCs with a mean age of 40 ± 19 years (median, 42 years; range, 27-56 years). The cohort was predominantly male (16, 62%). Twenty-two (81%) patients were symptomatic: dyspnea or exertional dyspnea (11, 42%) and palpitations (6, 23%) were the most frequent symptoms. Most cysts appeared as single round, oval, or lobulated anechoic masses, measuring 4-30 mm (mean, 18 mm). Half of the BCs (13, 50%) were pedunculated and mobile, and the others swung with the movement of the valve. The mitral valve (13, 50%) was the most common site of occurrence, followed by the tricuspid valve (6, 23%), right atrium (4, 15%), and aortic valve (3, 12%). Contrast echocardiography, which was performed for two patients, revealed a closed cyst without bubbles. Five cases were complicated by left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and six by valve prolapse. Eighteen patients underwent surgery, and one received antiplatelet therapy. Cardiovascular or cerebrovascular events did not occur in any patient during the follow-up period.


CONCLUSION
Cardiac BCs are most commonly attached to the atrioventricular valve. Echocardiography is considered to be the most useful imaging modality for assessing BC. The management of patients with BC should be individualized based on the symptoms and associated complications.