Luteolin and its C-monoglycosides fromLupinus polyphyllus
The leaves of Lupinus polyphyllus Lindley, a wild-growing biennial plant, in the flowering phase were fixed with steam and dried in a thermostat at 55-60°C. The dry comminuted material (2 kg) was repeatedly extracted with 70% ethanol at room temperature by the steeping method, and the extract was distilled in vacuum. The concentrated residue was treated with 600 ml of hot water and filtered and the resulting filtrate was extracted successively with diethyl ether, yielding fraction i, and ethyl acetate, yielding fraction 2.
The Ultraviolet Spectra of Flavones and Flavonols
The methanol spectra of flavones and flavonols exhibit two major absorption peaks in the region 240 – 400 nm1. These two peaks are commonly referred to as Band I (usually 300 – 380 nm, Table V-1 records the λmaxvalues for Band I for all flavones and flavonols examined in the present investigation), and Band II (usually 240 – 280 nm). Band I is considered to be associated with absorption due to the B-ring cinnamoyl system, and Band II with absorption involving the A-ring benzoyl system (see III) [1].
Analysis of the Ionospheric Effect for Time Offsets per GPS Code Measurements
This paper shows the analysis results of time offsets using P1, P2 and P3 code in GPS time transfer. The r2cggtts program has been used in GNSS Time Transfer and use the P3 ionosphere free combination of P1 and P2 code measurements. We modified the r2cggtts program in order to calculate and write all kinds of time offsets P3 as well as P1 and P2. The result of the modified r2cggtts program shows that time offsets using P1 and P2 are of wide distribution comparing to time offsets using P3. In order to Figure out the error factors for wide distributions of P1 and P2, we analyze and present the relation between the elevation angle and time offsets in this paper.