Parallel evolutionary programming optimisation for evader's trajectory in pursuit-evasion game
A number of impulse investigations on earthing systems have been performed in the field [1-6]. The studies were conducted on a few types of earth electrode: vertical rods, horizontal electrodes and the mesh and other geometries of electrodes. The type selected may depend on the type of soil encountered and the available depth or area available. Impulse voltages of up to 3MV with impulse currents of up to 30kA were applied on earth electrodes with different configurations. The experimental results from previous studies in the field [1-6] revealed that under high currents, a ‘non-linear’ soil behaviour would occur. However, so far the field measurements were conducted on the imitative earth electrodes, and not on the live operating systems. In this study, the performance and the electrical characteristics of earthing systems under impulse conditions were investigated. For the first time, the impulse tests were conducted on the earthing systems of operational stations, in which connected to the external paths and other equipments. Impulse voltages with increasing magnitudes up to 6kV were injected into the earth electrode. The results reveal that there is no flashover or damages on the equipments at the stations/sites under tests. It was also observed that the earthing systems are mainly inductive under impulse conditions of up to 6kV. It also includes the investigations on earthing systems using computer models [7]. The earth resistance values at power frequency and low-magnitude voltage and current of these selected sites were also obtained using Current Distribution Electromagnetic Interference Grounding and Soil Structure Analysis (CDEGS) [7]. The impedance values of the earthing systems were found to be ranging between 2.7? and 9.2 ?.
Some Practical Approaches to Pursuit-Evasion Dynamic Games
For problems of realistic dynamic games, some practical approaches are proposed to the construction of suboptimal strategies of the behavior of players for different data on the choice of controls by their opponents. All the approaches proposed employ only solvers of one-sided nonlinear optimal control problems and simulation programs. The approaches are as follows: (i) give both players some suboptimal feedback strategies and conduct a great number of Monte Carlo simulations, (ii) give one player a suboptimal feedback strategy and the other player an exact one-sided nonlinear optimal control, (iii) give both players suboptimal feedback strategies dependent on parameters. Each player tries to optimize his parameters with respect to the one-sided nonlinear optimal control of the opponent. Methods (i) and (ii) can be used to solve multi-player problems. The efficiency of the method of choice of a suboptimal strategy is illustrated by examples important for actual practice.
Application of 2μm Tm Laser on Biomedicine
Continuous wave Thulium laser emits at wavelength of 2.0 mm, which is well suited for tissue ablationand thermally stimulating cutaneous nerves due to its high absorption by water. 2 mm laser can be transmitted suffi-ciently by common quartz fibers and it is safe for eyes. A brief introduction of principle of 2 mm CW Tm Laser is giv-en, analyzing the photothermal modeling of thulium laser-tissue interaction, comparing 2 mm CW Tm Laser with tradi-tional laser.