Zanele Muholi's Affective Appeal to Act
ABSTRACT This article provides a theoretical framing for Zanele Muholi's visual activism in South Africa. Despite colonial, heteronormative, and patriarchal ideologies that have imaged her community of black lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex people as invisible citizens of a larger society and hypervisible deviant outsiders of that same collective, Muholi's photographs attempt to shift the conventions of the gaze. Drawing on Ariella Azoulay's photography theory and Jill Bennett's affect theory for art, I argue that Muholi's photographs bring forth an affective appeal to act. Azoulay's notions of “citizenship” and the “civil contract of photography” call on photography's responsibility to act on behalf of those depicted in images of atrocities. Bennett's “empathic vision” describes a relational perception of art, where one is affectively struck by the visual imagery. Reading Azoulay's political, ethical vision and Bennett's embodied methodology for visual culture together, I suggest that Muholi's practice moves her audience to see differently—where seeing the photographed in and of itself becomes an act of political restoration.
Boy-Wives and Female Husbands: Studies of African Homosexualities
Social organizations of homosexuality in sub-Saharan Africa, Stephen O Murray woman woman marriage in Africa, Joseph M. Carrier early reports of Malagasy "Berdache", Stephen O Murray the "Shoga" in Swahili speaking societies - a study in gendering, Deborah Amory "Good God Almighty, What's This!" - homosexual "Crime" in early colonial Zimbabwe, Marc Epprecht "Wheeyting be day?" - the treatment of homosexuality in Africa literature, Chris Dunton West African homoeroticism - West African men who have sex with men, Nii Narh Noye double lives - sexual history of a Kikuyu oral history collected, Stephen O. Murray reading colonial discourse on African homosexuality, Will Roscoe homosexual life of primitive Negro people of Africa, Ferdinand Karsch Haack, translated by Bradley Rose Ganga Ya Chibanda, J.B. Labat, translated by Will Roscoe same sex life among a few Negro tribes of Angola, Kurt Falk, translated by Bradley Rose homosexuality among the Negroes of Cameroon, Gnnter Tessman, translated by Bradley Rose occurrences of contrary sex among the Negro population of Zanzibar, M. Haberlandt, translated by Bradley Rose why lizard's head is always moving up and down, P.Amaury Talbot representations and homosexual realities - old texts and dominant typologies, Stephen O. Murray and Will Roscoe.
Technology Transfer out of Germany after 1945
Technology Transfer Out of Germany studies the movement of technology and scientists between East Germany and the Soviet Union, and West Germany and the Western Allies, using documented examples and case studies, and asks whether the confiscation of documents, equipment and scientists can really be considered to be a form of 'intellectual reparation.'