Acid Mine drAinAge ( AMd ) MAnAgeMent 285 Acid Mine drAinAge ( AMd ) MAnAgeMent
AMd is recognized as one of the most serious environmental problem in the mining industry. the problem of acid mine drainage (AMd) has been present since mining activity began thousands of years ago. Mining activity has disrupted the hydrology of mining areas so badly that it is extremely difficult to predict where water would eventually re-emerge. its causes, treatment have become the focus of number of researchers. this paper describes Acid Mine drainage (AMd) generation and its associated pollution. Jr. of Industrial Pollution Control 23 (2)(2007) pp 285-297
Removal of Uranium from Aqueous Solutions using Ammonium-modified Zeolite
Batch experiments were conducted to study the effects of contact time, pH (3 to 8), initial concentration, presence of carbonate, sulphate, and competing ions (Fe 3+ , Ca 2+ , Sr 2+ , Mg 2+ ) on the adsorption of U(VI) on ammonium-modified zeolite (AMZ). The structural features of the modified zeolite were assessed by Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) while the metal content was determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Specroscopy (ICP-OES). The removal of uranium was effective and maximal under acidic conditions (pH 3 to 5). The kinetics of adsorption of U-nitrate and U-sulphate on AMZ were described by the pseudo-second-order model (R 2 ≥ 0.9820). In the presence of SO 4 2- and CO 3 2- , a significant reduction of 67.88 % and 71.63 %, respectively, in uranium uptake was observed. The distribution coefficient, KD (L g -1 ), was in the order of: U-nitrate (1.116) > U-sulphate (0.029) > U-carbonate (0.019), suggesting that AMZ had a high affinity for U-nitrate. The presence of Fe 3+  enhanced the removal of U(VI) from U-nitrate, U-sulphate and U-carbonate by 20.18 %, 72.48%and 82.43 %, respectively, while the presence of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ and Sr 2+ reduced the removal to 19.57 %, 31.60 % and 23.65 %, respectively. AMZ is an effective adsorbent for uranium removal from aqueous solutions dominated by nitrate, carbonate and sulphate. KEYWORDS  Adsorption, zeolite-ammonium, uranyl, carbonate, sulphate, nitrate, aqueous solutions.
The Italian Renaissance: Culture and Society in Italy
In this newly revised edition of his widely acclaimed work, Peter Burke presents a social and cultural history of the Italian Renaissance. He discusses the social and political institutions that existed in Italy during the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and he analyzes the ways of thinking and seeing that characterized this period of extraordinary artistic creativity. Developing a distinctive approach, the author is concerned not only with the finished works of Michelangelo, Raphael, Leonardo da Vinci, and others, but also with the social background, patterns of recruitment, and means of subsistence of this "cultural elite." He thus makes a major contribution both to our understanding of the Italian Renaissance and to our comprehension of the complex relations between culture and society. An excellent social history of the lives and culture of the artists and artisans which made it possible for the arts to flourish.