Parenting Support as Policy Field: An Analytic Framework
This article develops an analytic framework for parenting support, treating it as both a form of social policy and a measure that intervenes more broadly in politics and society. It is suggested that, as a form of social policy, parenting support can be examined through analytical categories that are classic to social policy, such as: the nature of the offer or ‘good’ to parents, the modality of provision, conditions of access and operation, the policy setting and linkages to other policies, the unfolding of the policy over time and historical roots, philosophical underpinnings and dominant professional influences. In a second layer, the social and political roots and orientations of parenting support have to be investigated. When one does this by, for example, identifying the main actors involved in parenting support and the rationales and claims made for parenting support as a policy response, it becomes obvious that parenting support can be either a benign project of support or part of a more controlling educative or retraining exercise.
Accompagner les parents dans leur travail éducatif et de soin
Le focus sur les parents pour construire une politique publique n’estpas anodin. Il suppose d’identifier un probleme public que l’on pourrait qualifier de « parental ». Mais de quel probleme s’agit-il precisement : un probleme de capacite, de competence des parents en matiere de socialisation ; un probleme de disponibilite ; de methode ; un probleme de niveau d’engagement ou d’investissement ? Ou bien s’agit-il tout simplement d’un probleme d’inegalites de conditions, au sens de « condition parentale », de moyens materiels permettant de garantir l’exercice de ce role. 
Que recouvre precisement la fonction parentale ? Comment prendre au mieux en compte le fait que cette fonction s’accomplit generalement dans le cadre de pratiques de soin quotidiennes, elles-memes dependantes des conditions materielles des parents ? Est-il du role de la politique familiale d’intervenir sur les parents et leurs conduites au-dela des limites fixees par la protection de l’enfance ? Peut-on / doit-on, et surtout a quelles conditions soutenir / accompagner les parents, voire les eduquer dans leur tâche socialisatrice ? Quel est le probleme principal (ou quels sont les problemes principaux) auquel (auxquels) une politique d’accompagnement des parents tente de repondre ? Peut-on parler de « parents » sans les differencier en tant que mere et pere ? Quel(s) role(s) jouent en la matiere les savoirs sur l’enfance et sur les liens parents/enfants ? Par ailleurs, que savons-nous des attentes ou des demandes des parents ? Qu’attendent-ils comme soutiens ? Et vers qui adressent-ils leurs demandes, si demande il y a ? Ces demandes sont-elles homogenes, ou socialement situees ? Quelle est l’offre de conseils aux parents et quelle part de cette offre releve des pouvoirs publics ? 
Pour repondre a ces questions, et a quelques autres, Claude Martin a reuni un groupe d'experts de ces questions et remis un rapport a directeur de la Caisse nationale des allocations familiales, rapport qui sera prochainement publie en acces libre a la Documentation francaise.
Public health in eight European countries: an international comparison of terminology.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this paper was to assess the use of different terms pertaining to public health in selected Member States of the European Union.


STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
Qualitative research methods were used to compare the terminology among eight Member States. Seven to nine core terms were defined for each country, and a search was performed for these terms in the names of institutions and professional titles, organized into three comparable categories.


RESULTS
The data analysis showed considerable diversity in terminology. The three most commonly used terms for each country, and the frequency distribution of the core terms for all eight countries were determined.


CONCLUSION
Public health terminology and underlying concepts vary among Member States of the European Union. A large number of loosely related terms are in use, indicating the lack of a common conceptual framework for the discipline of public health. The most commonly used terms pertaining to public health are 'health sciences' and 'health promotion'. 'Public health' is not among the most commonly used terms.