1 Identification of Compounds Containing Novel Hydride Ions by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Novel inorganic alkali and alkaline earth hydrides of the f o r m u l a MH *, MH 2 * , and MH X * wherein M is the metal, X , is a halide, and H * comprises a novel high binding energy hydride ion were synthesized in a high temperature gas cell by reaction of atomic hydrogen with a catalyst and MH , MH 2 , or MX corresponding to an alkali metal or alkaline e a r t h metal compound, respectively. Novel hydride ions of the corresponding novel hydride compounds were characterized by an extraordinary upfield shifted peak observed by 1 H nuclear magnetic r e s o n a n c e spectroscopy.
Formation of a hydrogen plasma from an incandescently heated hydrogen-catalyst gas mixture with an anomalous afterglow duration
Abstract We report the generation of a plasma of hydrogen and certain alkali ions as recorded via EUV spectroscopy and the hydrogen Balmer and alkali line emissions in the visible range. Typically, a hydrogen plasma is generated and the emission of extreme ultraviolet light from hydrogen gas is achieved via a discharge at high voltage, a high power inductively-coupled plasma, or a plasma created and heated to extreme temperatures by RF coupling (e.g. >10 6 K ) with confinement provided by a toroidal magnetic field. The observed plasma formed at low temperatures (e.g. ≈10 3 K ) from atomic hydrogen generated at a tungsten filament that heated a titanium dissociator and a catalyst comprising one of potassium, rubidium, cesium, and their carbonates and nitrates. These atoms and ions ionize to provide a catalyst with a net enthalpy of reaction of an integer multiple of the potential energy of atomic hydrogen (m×27.2 eV , m=integer) to within 0.17 eV and comprise only a single ionization in the case of a potassium or rubidium ion. Whereas, the chemically similar atoms of sodium and sodium and lithium carbonates and nitrates which do not ionize with these constraints caused no emission. To test the electric dependence of the emission, the weak electric field of about 1 V / cm was set and measured to be zero in −6 s . An anomalous afterglow duration of about 1–2 s was recorded in the case of potassium, rubidium, cesium, K 2 CO 3 , RbNO 3 , and CsNO3. Hydrogen line or alkali line emission was occurring even though the voltage between the heater wires was set to and measured to be zero. These atoms and ions ionize to provide a catalyst with a net enthalpy of reaction of an integer multiple of the potential energy of atomic hydrogen to within less than the thermal energies at ≈10 3 K and comprise only a single ionization in the case of a potassium or rubidium ion. Since the thermal decay time of the filament for dissociation of molecular hydrogen to atomic hydrogen was similar to the anomalous plasma afterglow duration, the emission was determined to be due to a reaction of atomic hydrogen with a catalyst that did not require the presence of an electric field to be functional.
Design of a novel optical sensor for determination of trace gadolinium.
In this work, a highly selective and sensitive gadolinium (Gd) optical sensor based on immobilization of bis(thiophenal) pyridine-2,6-diamine (BPD), on a triacetylcellulose membrane has been reported. This optode exhibits a linear range of the Gd(III) ion concentration of 2.5 x 10(-6)M with a detection limit of 0.93 x 10(-8) M. Response time of the newly designed optode was within 1-2 min, depending on the Gd(III) ion concentration. Response of the sensor is independent of solution pH in the range of 2.0-9.0. It manifests advantages of: low detection limit, fast response time, and most significantly, very good selectivity with respect to a number of lanthanide ions (La, Ce, Sm, Tm, Ho, and Eu ions). The sensor was successfully regenerated with thiourea solutions and its response was reversible and reproducible (R.S.D. less than 1.4%). This optode was applied to determine Gd(III) in synthetic and water samples, and validated with certified reference materials (CRMs).