Apply Difference Analysis to Nano-Probing Technique for Reasoning Erratic Defect out in Integrated Circuits
The purpose of this paper is to present a novel deductive methodology, which is accomplished by applying difference analysis to nano-probing technique. This methodology would like to resolve the erratic device with a tailing failure or puzzling feature, but not only to check if the suspect had incorrect characteristic or mismatched transistor parameters
Electrical characterization by sub-micron probing technique on 90 nm CMOS technology for failure analysis
As the failure mechanisms become more complex with IC technology progression, the failure analysis (FA) needs electrical characterization of die internal transistors to fault identification and discrimination of various defect types. The sub-micron probing (SMP) with 4 needles allows all electrical characteristics measurements of a single transistor and leads to accurate results in FA with a best root cause understanding. This paper presents the effectiveness of the 4 needles-SMP technique and reports experimental results during the threshold voltage/BVDSS measurements of the 6 transistors of RAM cell on a 90 nm CMOS technology in the Nice Device Analysis Laboratory (NDAL) of Texas Instruments France.
Scaffolds Containing Spirulina sp. LEB 18 Biomass: Development, Characterization and Evaluation of In Vitro Biodegradation.
Polymer nanofibers are nanomaterials that can be used as scaffolds in tissue engineering. The objective of this study was to develop, characterize and evaluate the in vitro degradation of a biomaterial consisting of nanofibers produced from biodegradable and biocompatible polymers with potential applications as a scaffold for tissue regeneration and containing Spirulina sp. LEB 18 biomass as the bioactive compound. The polymers used were poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) and polycaprolactone. The polymeric solutions exhibited sufficiently high viscosity to produce uniform nanofibers with diameters between 335 and 617 nm. The applied conditions were as follows: a voltage of 25 kV, a distance from the capillary to the collector of 120 mm, a capillary diameter of 0.80 mm, and 12% polycaprolactone and a blend of 5% polycaprolactone and 10% poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate). The biomass was incorporated into the nanofibers at a concentration of 3%, and the incorporation was confirmed using confocal microscopy. The nanofibers were characterized using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, which showed that the addition of biomass did not alter the thermal properties of the biomaterial. The addition of biomass improved the tensile strength and elongation of the scaffolds compared with those produced with polymers alone. A biodegradation assay showed enzymatic action toward the biomaterial, simulating the behavior of natural tissue. Based on the analysis, it was concluded that the scaffolds that were produced have the potential to be applied in the field of tissue regeneration as biomaterials with pharmacological properties.