Intermolecular association and geometrical shape as two factors controlling chemical reactions
BIOLOGICAL phenomena are highly specific1–4 and much effort has been devoted to establishing the relationship between biological activity and molecular shape. We report here the sharp dependence of selectivity in the oxidation of a pair of thiols on their structures or on environment, the mode of each dependence of selectivity being controlled dominantly by their tendency towards intermolecular association.
Spinal interneurone excitation by conformationally restricted analogues of L-glutamic acid
L-GLUTAMIC acid is probably an excitatory transmitter of major significance in the mammalian central nervous system1. The L-glutamic acid molecule is relatively flexible, and in an attempt to gain some insight into its possible shape(s) during activation of receptors associated with excitation of central neurones, a study was made of four conformationally restricted analogues: (±)-cis-1-aminocyclohexane-1,3-dicarboxylic acid (‘cyclo-glutamic’ acid), ibotenic acid, kainic acid and its dihydro derivative.
The Law of Failure
If a broker-dealer liquidates in federal bankruptcy court, why does an insurance company liquidate in state court, and a bank outside of court altogether? Why do some businesses re-organize under state law 'assignments', rather than the more well-known Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code? Why do some laws use the language of bankruptcy but without advancing policy goals of the Bankruptcy Code? In this illuminating work, Stephen J. Lubben tackles these questions and many others related to the collective law of business insolvency in the United States. In the first book of its kind, Lubben notes the broad similarities between the many insolvency systems in the United States while describing the fundamental differences lurking therein. By considering the whole sweep of these laws - running the gamut from Chapter 11 to obscure receivership provisions of the National Bank Act - readers will acquire a fundamental understanding of the 'law of failure'.