Effects of hydrogen on the formation of SiGe/Si heterostructures
In this report, we review and discuss our results obtained on the surface segregation of Ge atoms and surfactant effects of hydrogen atoms in Si overlayer growth on Ge/Si(100) by gas-source molecular beam epitaxy (GSMBE) using GeH/sub 4/ and Si/sub 2/H/sub 6/. The layer-by-layer growth rate of the Si overlayers was observed in-situ by reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) intensity oscillation periods.
Effects of atomic hydrogen on growth behavior of Si films by Si2H6-source molecular beam epitaxy
The effect of hydrogen atoms on the segregation of Ge atoms has been investigated in the Si overlayer growth on Ge/Si(100) substrates by gas source molecular beam epitaxy with additional atomic hydrogen. The Ge composition on the growing surfaces decreases exponentially with increasing Si overlayer thickness. The irradiation of excess atomic hydrogen reduces the decay length of the Ge composition, which directly indicates that hydrogen atoms adsorbed on the growing surface play an important role in suppressing the surface segregation of Ge atoms. A unified linear correlation between the decay length of the Ge segregation in Si/Ge/Si(100) and the hydrogen coverage on Si atoms obtained from the Si/Si(100) homoepitaxial growth with additional atomic hydrogen has been obtained. This fact suggests that the exchange between surface Si atoms and subsurface Ge atoms is suppressed by the hydrogen atoms on surface Si atoms.
Application of the Kano Model for a Better Understanding of Customer Requirements in Higher Education—A Pilot Study
Various pieces of information and knowledge turn into “know-how” simply by their application in the market. This applies to all spheres of activities. It is therefore important to know and understand the requirements of customers already in the stage of making a product, and to confront these with the possibilities of a producer. In this article we are exploring the possibilities of a better understanding of the requirements of customers and stakeholders in the process of the creation of products in educational services. In particular, we examined seven general requirements: practice orientation, ethical orientation, research orientation, quality resources, innovation orientation, skills orientation, and quality staff. We use the Kano model on a pilot sample of respondents at an institution of higher education. Our results showed that “practice orientation” and “quality resources” are the most stable requirements, while “quality staff” is the least stable. The most linear requirement (the same effect on satisfaction and dissatisfaction) is “innovation orientation”. “Research orientation” belongs to attractive requirements and we also found that in the case of “ethical orientation” there are weak relations between positive and negative responses in our survey. The “skills orientation” proved to be too general, and our research shows that it could be indifferent. It is therefore advisable to specify the investigated skills when investigating requirements on educational services. The main contribution based on the proposed research procedures is an effective linking of customers and producers already from the beginning of constructing a value chain. Investing in sophisticated management approaches when modelling products and processes can thus become a significant source of the competitive advantage of an educational institution. At the same time, it is a contribution to better placing of its graduates in the labor market.