Public Policy and Human Rights
The human being at international law is collectively referred to as “humankind” encompassing all members of the human species as a whole, and it is in this context that the aviation perspective should look at the people affected by it both as a whole and in the singular context of the passenger carried by air. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights of the United Nations recognizes the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family as the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world, and provides that everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state and everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country. The Declaration also provides that everyone has the right to life, liberty and security of person, implying that such rights should not be arbitrarily taken away by any means.
A theoretical perspective of the public policy doctrine in the conflict of laws
The public policy doctrine in the conflict of laws has been often characterised as uncertain and ambiguous. This article aims to examine the doctrine at common law from a theoretical perspective in order to: first, determine whether the substantive considerations which courts have invoked under the public policy doctrine are theoretically justifiable; second, discern principled boundaries around the courts’ exercise of the defence. Through a study of case law and an examination from first principles of the normative basis for the recognition of foreign laws and judgments, this article proposes a set of principles that can form the theoretical underpinning of the public policy doctrine, and will examine how the proposed principles can provide practical guidance to judges in their application of the public policy doctrine.
Women's choice in the gender and ethnicity of her obstetrician and gynaecologist
Objective: To ascertain women's preferences in the gender and ethnicity of her obstetrician or gynaecologist and to determine whether there were differences in preferences among different ethnic and age groups.