A Financial Analysis of Mobile Money Services
With limited reporting by mobile network operators (“MNOs”) on the financial performance of mobile money businesses, the paper develops a financial reporting framework to indentify (and quantify) operating costs associated with delivering mobile financial services to unbanked populations in emerging markets. The framework is based on a review of relevant literature and an analysis of the financial reporting of conventional money transfer businesses.
Architecture of a Low Cost Technology Solution Integrating Mobile Financial Services with Aadhaar Authentication to Accelerate Financial Inclusion in India
Mobile phone technology is increasingly emerging as a high potential and well suited channel for delivering mobile money and other ﬁnancial services in a convenient and secure manner, allowing service delivery at low cost and in a ubiquitous manner. It offers the potential to significantly extend the outreach of ﬁnancial and banking services to millions of people. In particular, the reach and affordability of mobile phones in rural India can be leveraged to meet the basic ﬁnancial requirements of poor and unbanked people. Aadhaar (the unique bio-metric identity from UIDAI) authenticated mobile ﬁnancial services along with the Business Correspondent model for service delivery, can address mainstream banks’ major barriers to serving the low income market: the need for extensive high cost branch infrastructure, managing high volumes of low value transactions; fulﬁlling Know Your Customer (KYC) requirements; addressing Anti Money Laundering (AML) and Combating the Financing of Terrorism (CFT); and convenient anytime/anywhere delivery of services, that the banked customers have access to, through ATMs and Internet banking. This paper attempts to explore the potential of mobile technology and Aadhaar in extending banking and micro-ﬁnancial services to the unbanked.
The Arab Spring: The End of Postcolonialism
* Introduction: The Arab Spring: The End of Postcoloniality * 1. Decentering the World: How the Arab Spring Unfolded * 2. Towards Liberation Geography * 3. A New Language of Revolt * 4. Discovering a New World * 5. From the Green Movement to the Jasmine Revolutions * 6. The center cannot hold * 7. The End of Postcolonialism * 8. Race, Gender, and Class in Transnational Revolutions * 9. Libya: The Crucible * 10. Delayed Defiance * Conclusion. The People Demand the Overthrow of the Regime