Numerical Assessment of Factors Affecting Waveform Based on Low Strain Testing of Piles
In this paper dynamic testing of piles using the low strain method is performed by means of numerical analyses based on solid finite element model. To this end, velocity-time curves are presented investigating the influence of various parameters such as mesh density, impulse width, receiving point, and soil modulus on the waveform characteristics. Then, find regularity of waveform affected by different parameters to provide reference of the real project detection.
Uso de onda longitudinal em de métodos não destrutivos: abordagem em elementos de fundação e contenção
integridade de elementos inclusos no solo. elementos ser de fundação ou de contenção. se diferenciam pelos tipos de ondas, formas de geração, recepção e análise dos dados. Os ensaios que utilizam a onda sônica não necessitam de tubo ou fio pré-instalados e têm a teoria baseada na impedância acústica. Esses ensaios são difundidos em estacas, já em elementos de contenção possuem aplicação mais recente e são necessários estudos para melhor entendimento desses métodos. Este trabalho tem por objetivo expor estudos sobre métodos sônicos em elementos de fundação e de contenção, apresentando seus resultados, semelhanças e diferenças. Foram abordados trabalhos de períodos distintos, expondo sua relevância e conclusões, os quais foram ABSTRACT: Non-destructive test (NDT) are used to verify the length or integrity of elements buried in soil. These elements can be foundation or retaining. NDTs are different by the types of waves, ways to generate and receive the signal and the analyzing data. Tests using the sonic wave do not require a pre-installed pipe or wire and they are based on acoustic impedance theory. These tests are disseminated on piles and in retaining elements the application is more recent and are needed more studies to understand better these methods. This work aims to exhibit studies on sonic methods in elements of foundation and retaining, presenting their results, similarities and differences. Studies from different periods was shown with its relevance and conclusions, which were chosen with the intention of presenting the considerations in the different types of elements tested, showing varied objectives and methodologies, in order to cover the variables involved. The sonic test in foundation is more widespread and has a greater amount of study. With the present work, the variables that interfere in these methods were observed: the velocity of propagation of the sonic wave, the soil stiffness, the location of wave generation and reception and the type of hammer used and it is necessary further studies especially in retaining elements.
Estimating alcohol-related absenteeism in New Zealand.
Summary 
 
Absence from work has often been regarded as a major contributor to the economic costs imposed by alcohol use. Utilising general population Survey data, this study used a variety of methods to identify those days of reported absence which were likely to be alcohol related. No clear relationship was found between heavy drinking and overall absenteeism. However, regardless of the way in which alcohol-related absenteeism was assessed there was a higher probability of occurrence among those classified as heavy drinkers. This suggests that there are clear differences between heavy and non-heavy drinkers in relation to only certain kinds of absenteeism.