Management Imperatives for the Year 2000
Traditional management styles and organizational structures must change radically if business is to face successfully the competitive challenges of the next century. Ways must be found to unlock the creative potential which is manifest at the middle and lower levels of our present bureaucratic organizations. Progressive companies, often in joint cooperation with unions, are already pointing the way to the future by encouraging broader involvement in decisions once throught to be vested only among those at the higher levels. Technology can be a driving force for change. The requirement that large numbers of employees be clustered in offices and factories will no longer be appropriate when one projects the implications of the microprocessor revolution. Much of what we know of as "work" can be performed in the home or in remote locations, thus resulting in decentralized organizational structures and a change in the nature of work in community life and in society as a whole.
Learning experiences and managerial role performance: Perceptions of New Zealand managers and their subordinates
The present study was based upon Luthans' (1988) model of effective management, which has implications for managerial training and development, but has not been examined cross-nationally. A sample of New Zealand managers was surveyed to explore job-related and off-the-job experiences which they perceived to have affected their skills development. In addition, questionnaires were distributed to subordinates of these managers to assess their perceptions of managerial performance levels. Managers attributed most of their development to on-the-job experiences, which were often haphazard and unplanned, with formal education and training accounting for considerably less skills acquisition. Few links were found, however, between learning experiences and perceptions of managerial performance. Implications of the findings for managerial development and the design of constructive learning environments within organisations are discussed.
Data Driven Policy: The Case for Certification Research
This article describes the program of research being implemented to investigate the outcomes of certification in the U.S. and Canadian workforce and its relevance to the goal of providing policy makers with pragmatic, action-oriented recommendations. Such recommendations encompass policy issues of workforce production, regulation, distribution, financing, and oversight of credentialing organizations. Few studies exist to substantiate the association between certification credentialing and practice outcomes, thereby leaving policy makers, consumers, and nurses in a vacuum when pushed to protect the public through the credentialing vehicles. The Nursing Credentialing Research Coalition (NCRC) has embarked on a research program that will reveal the relationship between certification and its influence on a nurse’s personal, professional, and practice characteristics as well as those judged by consumers and employers. Selected findings and implications for policy are described. Certified nurses’ reports of early interventions for complications are important quality measures for policy.