Analysis of Laterally Loaded Long or Intermediate Drilled Shafts of Small or Large Diameter in Layered Soil
Strain wedge (SW) model formulation has been used for evaluating the response of a single pile or a group of piles in layered soils to lateral loading. The SW model approach provides appropriate prediction for the behavior of an isolated pile and pile group under lateral static loading in layered soil (sand and/or clay). In this study, the authors extend the capability of the SW model to predict the response of laterally loaded large diameter shafts considering 1) the influence of shaft type on the lateral shaft response; 2) the nonlinear behavior of shaft material and its effect on the soilshaft-interaction; 3) developing partial or complete liquefaction in the surrounding soil profile based on far and near-field induced porewater pressure; and 4) vertical side shear resistance along the shaft wall that has a significant contribution to the lateral shaft response.
Investigation of Flange Failures in Falsework Cap and Sill Beams: Recommendations for the Design of Beams and Posts in Bridge Falsework
Recent field observations in bridge falsework identified potential deficiencies in the design of falsework resulting in localized bending in sill and cap beam flanges and lateral buckling in other beams. Possible limits states associated with the bearing of timber and steel posts on cap and sill beams are investigated in this report. The critical limit states are related to flange bending, post crushing or yielding, web yielding, web crippling, lateral web buckling and corbel crushing. Different methods are investigated for predicting the capacity of the flange. The critical web limit state was web yielding (referred to as web crippling in the Caltrans Falsework manual) with variations of existing equations found to be appropriate for predicting the capacity. Web crippling (as defined by ASCE) is found to generally not govern the design, particularly when two sill beams are stacked on top of each other. Blocking may be used to increase the flange bending and web yielding capacity, although lateral bracing or stiffeners are recommended to increase lateral buckling capacity. Design equations are presented in allowable stress design format for the consideration of the critical limit states in a falsework bent. These are compared to current Caltrans design practice and other relevant specifications. Two design examples are also provided to demonstrate the application of these equations, one using timber posts and a second using steel posts.
A Hopewellian Burial Site in the Lower Republican Valley, Kansas
The senior author has for a number of years worked on the problem of the numerous and virtually unknown burial sites on the bluffs bordering the valley of the Republican River in Geary and Clay Counties, Kansas. This work has been a matter of some urgency, owing to the prevalence of unsystematic amateur excavation on the more prominent stone cairns found in the area. Fortunately, the complete excavation of the larger cairns involves too much labor for the merely curious, and it has often been possible to salvage material and information despite disturbance.