The Ecological and Economical Performances in the Forested Area – a Need for the Future
The forests are indispensable for the natural balance on Earth. Without the existence of the forest the life is not possible because this ecosystem provides many goods and services. The many clear cut forest surfaces have led to the lack of balance of ecosystems causing risks for the environment. The globalization promotes multinational companies, which have an important role in the exploitation of the forest. Because of the many advantages, the forest must be protected from the bad influence of the globalization, a thing possible due to the fact that the world is heading to a new economic order. The paper presents the situation of the forests in Romania for the 2005-2007.
Implications Of Payments For Ecosystem Services Based On The Redd Programme
Deforestation and forest degradation, through agricultural expansion, conversion to pastureland, infrastructure development, destructive logging, fires etc., account for nearly 20% of global greenhouse gas emissions, more than the entire global transportation sector and second only to the energy sector. It is now clear that in order to constrain the impacts of climate change within limits that society will reasonably be able to tolerate, the global average temperatures must be stabilized within two degrees Celsius. This will be practically impossible to achieve without reducing emissions from the forest sector, in addition to other mitigation actions. Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) is an effort to create a financial value for the carbon stored in forests, offering incentives for developing countries to reduce emissions from forested lands and invest in low-carbon paths to sustainable development. “REDD” goes beyond deforestation and forest degradation, and includes the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks.
Deforestation in Brazilian Amazonia: History, Rates, and Consequences
Abstract:  Brazil's Amazon forest remained largely intact until the “modern” era of deforestation began with the inauguration of the Transamazon Highway in 1970. Amazonian deforestation rates have trended upward since 1991, with clearing proceeding at a variable but rapid pace. Although Amazonian forests are cut for various reasons, cattle ranching predominates. The large and medium‐sized ranches account for about 70% of clearing activity. Profit from beef cattle is only one of the income sources that make deforestation profitable. Forest degradation results from logging, ground fires (facilitated by logging), and the effects of fragmentation and edge formation. Degradation contributes to forest loss. The impacts of deforestation include loss of biodiversity, reduced water cycling (and rainfall), and contributions to global warming. Strategies to slow deforestation include repression through licensing procedures, monitoring, and fines. The severity of penalties for deforestation needs to be sufficient to deter illegal clearing but not so great as to be unenforceable. Policy reform is also needed to address root causes of deforestation, including the role of clearing in establishing land claims.