Doing Business in the ASEAN Countries
Southeast Asia is home to the ten ASEAN nations of Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Collectively they comprise a huge market of over half a billion people, with a total land area of 4.5 million square kilometers, a combined domestic product in excess of US$1.1 trillion and total trade of over US$1.4 trillion. It is the most dynamic and fastest growing region in the world but also has some of the world's most distinctive cultures and business systems. It offers tremendous opportunities for investors and businesses. But to succeed you need to be familiar with the unique business environment including political and business systems, cultural idiosyncrasies, management practices, social structures, legal frameworks, government priorities, potential competition, establishing relationships and selecting partners, and dealing with corruption and other ethical pitfalls. The book will apply a framework to understand each country along these dimensions. This book is a practical and comprehensive guide to succeeding in ASEAN countries. It allows for a deeper understanding of the business environment of these diverse economies. You will be better able to evaluate the risk factors and make meaningful decisions.
Foreign Direct Investment: Replacing The Contract Of Work System In Indonesia
Indonesia created a novel system to administer Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in mining. This Contract of Work (CoW) system served the country well from 1967 up to 1997 until the national political (democracy revolution) and economic (Asian Currency) crisis, coupled with the Busang fiasco (where large scale fraud in gold discovery claims caused billions in losses) led to total collapse and cessation of FDI in the countrys extraction industry. Since the stabilization of the political and economic framework in Indonesia after free elections in 1999, the government has attempted to create a new law to replace the CoW system which was finally passed in December 2008. This paper evaluates the new proposals and compares them to the previously successful system and suggests concerns and reforms that need be addressed. Specific focus is placed on issues of security of tenure, taxation and royalties, local government involvement, and environmental damage.
Thorium-induced Anatomical and Histopathological Changes in Liver of Swiss Mice
ObjectivePresent study is aimed to investigate the anatomical and histopathological changes in liver tissues of Swiss albino male mice, one month after intravenous administration of thorium (232Th; 4 and 40 mg/kg).MethodsSynchrotron X-ray micro-CT imaging, CD31 immuno-cytochemistry, hematoxylin & eosin staining and Periodic acid-Schiff staining were performed to study changes in liver anatomy, blood vessels/capillaries, histology and glycogen content of liver, respectively.ResultsSynchrotron X-ray micro-CT imaging of liver showed loss of blood vessels in mice treated with thorium (4 mg/kg), which was more prominent at higher dose of thorium (40 mg/kg). These thorium-induced changes in liver were correlated with the decrease in CD31 positive cells and loss of tissue architecture. A dose-dependent increase in glycogen content was also observed in the liver of thorium-treated mice.ConclusionOur results provide novel insight about the effects of thorium on liver, which may have significant implications in understanding the mechanism of thorium thorium-induced hepatotoxicity.