Who Are These Guys? Non-Governmental Organizations in Humanitarian Relief Operations.
Abstract : The purpose of this paper it to provide an understanding of how to deal with nongovernmental organizations during a humanitarian relief operation. Examples and lessons are drawn from the following humanitarian relief operations: Provide Comfort in Northern Iraq in 1991 (helping the Kurds); Restore Hope in Somalia in 1992 and 1993; and Support Hope in Rwanda in 1994. I have described the players in humanitarian relief operations, described their interaction during the execution of relief operations, and provided some lessons learned for future relief and peacekeeping operations. An integral part of understanding of how the international relief community works is understanding the role of the various United Nations and United States agencies that coordinate relief efforts.
Protecting Human Rights in Africa: Roles and Strategies of Non-Governmental Organizations
Selected by Choice magazine as an Outstanding Academic Book for 1996 Since the 1950s, sub-Saharan Africa has been the site of profound political changes initiated by ascendant nationalism and rapid decolonization. With this new beginning came fresh challenges involving many crucial aspects of human rights: self-determination; civil and political rights, including government legitimacy; military involvement in African politics; and unfulfilled basic needs that have cried out for economic and social development. Protecting Human Rights in Africa is the first major comparative study of the way human rights NGOs have brought revolutionary change south of the Sahara. Governments are both the most important protectors and abusers of human rights, while NGOs have become the most effective detectives in discovering abuses and the most active advocates in seeking solutions.
Geologic proof on paleo-glaciation remains in Laoshan Mountain
Laoshan Mountain is the highest mountain in China coast.Various typical geomorphic features of glarosion,glacial deposition,rare glacial moraine coast and glacial moraine fans in east are well developed in Laoshan Mountain.Well preserved four glacial epochs are identified in Laoshan Mountain.In early Pleistocene,the altitude of snowline ranged from 60 m to 90 m in east.More than sixty paleo-glacial tongues were developed in Laoshan Mountain,some of them which located in east extended into the Yellow Sea.Sporopollen analysis indicates that the climate in Laoshan Mountain is very cold during the ice age.Multi-modal grain-size probability curves of the moraines are the typical characteristics of sediments deposited by glaciation.Regional landforms and climatic conditions are the key factors dominating the altitude of snowline during the ice age.