A continuidade do processo de desconcentração regional da indústria brasileira nos anos 2000
The article continues the debate on the changes in the regional distribution of Brazilian industry in recent decades. Based on industry data for employment and wages for the period 1997/2007, it identifies an intense process of regional decentralization. Using classical indices of concentration, it appears that the trend identified affects all types of industries, whether traditional, commodities, diffuser or durable goods. The article also proposes the use of a new density index, highlighting some meso-regions where it is relatively high. From the values encountered for the density index some meso-regions located in different regions of the country are selected and their results discussed, which illustrates various situations of apparent success.
Descentralização industrial no Brasil na década de noventa: um processo dinâmico e diferenciado regionalmente
The article discusses the trends in Brazilian industry in the 1990’s. It shows some important changes that are going on the manufacturing sector, such as the loss of employment in the main industrial regions (Southeast) and the increasing number of jobs offered in the less developed ones (South, Center-West and some states of the Northeast). Apparently, the new enterprises are looking for lower wages and fiscal advantages, as well as the good infrastructure in the South of the country. It is proposed an indicator, which uses worker’s wage and educational data, as well as the share of scientific and technical labor, so that the industry located in the different regions could be compared. As expected, the workers in the new industrial areas receive lower wages and have less years of education. These results may represent a change in Brazilian industrial localization pattern, so that the interior of the country could be benefited as the firms decide their future investments.
Cuisine and Empire: Cooking in World History
List of Illustrations List of Tables Acknowledgments Introduction 1. Mastering Grain Cookery, 20,000--300 B.C.E. 2. The Barley-Wheat Cuisines of the Ancient Empires, 500 B.C.E.--400 C.E. 3. Buddhist Cuisines, 260 B.C.E.--4800 C.E. 4. Islam Transforms the Cuisines of Central and West Asia, 800--1650 C.E. 5. Christianity Transforms the Cuisines of Europe and the Americas, 100--1650 C.E. 6. Prelude to Modern Cuisines: Northern Europe, 1650--1840 7. Modern Cuisines: The Expansion of Middling Cuisines, 1810--1920 8. Modern Cuisines: The Globalization of Middling Cuisines, 1920--2000 Notes Bibliography Index