Integration of Building Information Modeling (BIM) and LEED's Location and Transportation Category
The selection and development of a project location is critical to the success of a green building project. LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) is one of the most popular Green Building certification systems in the world. Traditionally in LEED design, architects and designers have to analyze project location based on traditional maps with manual calculations, which require a significant amount of time and effort. In the meantime, the advent of Building Information Modeling (BIM) has brought about a promising new way of improving Green Building’s location analysis. This research presents an integration model of BIM in LEED certification to improve the efficiency of LEED’s location and transportation analysis. The framework of the integration model is introduced and demonstrated using a user interface for LEED’s analysis under the Autodesk Revit environment.
Transition from building information modeling (BIM) to integrated digital delivery (IDD) in sustainable building management: A knowledge discovery approach based review
Abstract Over the past decade, building information modeling (BIM) and sustainability have attracted increased interest, with a concomitant rise in the number of related publications. However, research efforts made in BIM for sustainable building management, especially using in all four Integrated Digital Delivery (IDD) phases are minimal. Therefore, this study features a combined scientometric analysis and IDD thematic discussion examining 471 scholarly bibliographies accessed from the Web of Science (WoS) database. The purpose of this study is to statistically classify BIM-sustainability publications from 2007 to 2019 in order to understand the research status, key themes, trends, and future challenges to be addressed in the field of sustainable BIM. The most influential scholars, institutes, regions/countries, articles, and journals have been identified. Moreover, clustering analyses identified topics that sustainable BIM research tended to gravitate toward, such as cloud approaches, data sharing, life cycle energy efficiency, and informetric analysis. The top 100 most cited documents from WoS were also manually classified into four quadrants of IDD, namely design, fabrication, construction, and asset delivery and management. Ten BIM-sustainability phenomena were observed throughout the life cycle of IDD. Finally, key research gaps and important areas for future research in this field were identified. The clearly delineated clusters and themes provide a practical overview and a deeper understanding of the current research progress of IDD for building sustainability, highlighting the challenges and research gaps for future research.
Effect of Aeration and Agitation Regimes on Lipase Production by Newly Isolated Rhodotorula mucilaginosa–MTCC 8737 in Stirred Tank Reactor Using Molasses as Sole Production Medium
The influence of media and process parameters (aeration and agitation) on fermentation broth rheology and biomass formation has been studied in 1.5-l stirred tank reactor for lipase production using Rhodotorula mucilaginosa MTCC 8737. Molasses, as sole production medium, is used for lipase production by varying aeration (1, 2, and 3 vvm) and agitation speeds (100, 200, and 300 rpm). Maximum lipase activity of 72 U/ml was obtained during 96 h of fermentation at 2 vvm, 200 rpm, pH 7, and 25 ± 2°C temperature. Lipase production kinetics with respect to dry cell weight of biomass showed YP/S of 25.71 U/mg, specific product formation of 10.9 U/mg DC, and YX/S 2.35 mg/mg. Maximum lipase activity (MC 2) of 56 U/ml was observed at 1% molasses, and a further increase in the molasses concentration of (%) 1.5 and 2 inhibited the product formation of lipase with 15 and 8.5 U/ml, respectively. The production kinetics of molasses media showed YP/X was 14 U/mg DC, YP/S 16 U/mg, and YX/S 1.14 mg/mg during 96 h of bioreactor operation. The kLa values for all batches (MC 1–MC 4) at 96 h of fermentation were 32, 28, 21, and 19/h, and the |oxygen transfer rate were 54.4, 56, 35.7, and 17.29 mg/l h, respectively. Increase in molasses concentration resulted in decreased lipase activity by increase in viscosity of the fermentation broth.