Flow analysis of combined impingement and film cooled gas turbine nozzle guide vane
In the present study, a typical nozzle guide vane (NGV) is considered with twenty six rows of impingement holes combined with thirteen rows of film cooled rows for the flow analysis. The coolant mass flow variations in different rows of the film holes externally subjected to the hot main stream are obtained by making a three dimensional computational analysis of NGV. The analysis is performed with the help of Fluent software. Attempts were made to study the effect of two parameters: (i) inlet coolant mass flow rate and (ii) external flow Reynolds number for a typically cooled NGV. Detailed coolant flow mass flow rate, pressure drop and temperature distributions are presented with an array of multiple jets impinging on a gas turbine high pressure NGV with a staggered array of film cooled rows. Results are presented for three laboratory test cases by varying flow rates for FIT and AIT. Coolant flow rate values at each row of film hole are compared among these test cases. The each row of a film hole is noticed with coolant mass flow rate, pressure drop and temperature rise across the hole found to increase with increase of coolant supply conditions at the two plenums. Owing to the interaction between hot main stream and the coolant that effuses out of the film holes, occasional presence of hot gas ingestion is noticed for certain flow rates. This causes nonlinear distribution in mass flow, pressure drop and temperature rise. These behaviors suggest a possibility of locally optimized solutions for a combination of coolant mass flow and mainstream Reynolds number.
Conjugate Heat Transfer from an Impingement and Film-Cooled Flat Plate
The effect of solid thermal conductivity on conjugate heat transfer from a flat plate with combined impingement and film cooling is studied both experimentally and computationally. One side of the plate is exposed to hot mainstream, whereas the other side is impinged with air jets. A flow configuration with multiple staggered rows of cylindrical film holes and a matrix of impingement holes is considered. A thermochromic liquid crystal technique is used in the experiment to measure the surface temperature of the plate. The physical domain is meshed with fine-sized hybrid: hexahedral and tetrahedral grids suitable for the finite volume computations. Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations are solved with shear-stress transport κ-omega turbulence modeling. A grid independence study is carried out using a grid convergence index method. A validation exercise of computational results is carried out against the full coverage film cooling data available in literature (“Total Cooling Effectiveness on A Staggered...
The risk of Listeria monocytogenes infection in beef cattle operations
Aim:  To determine the prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes and associated risk factors among beef operations (cow‐calf and feedlot) in central and southern California.