The Waldegrave Initiative and secret service archives: New materials and new policies
Louise Atherton, Top Secret: An Interim Guide to Recent Releases of Intelligence Records at the Public Record Office (London: PRO Publications, 1993). Pp.32. £3.25. ISBN 1 87362073. Louise Atherton, SOE Operations in the Far East: An Introductory Guide to the Newly Released Records of the Special Operations Executive in the Public Record Office (London: PRO Publications, 1993). Pp.59. £3.25. ISBN 1 873162081. Louise Atherton, SOE Operations in Scandinavia: A Guide to the Newly Released Records in the Public Record Office (London: PRO Publications, 1994). Pp.34. £3.25. ISBN 1 873162154. FCO Historical Branch, Changes in British and Russian Records Policy: Occasional Papers No.7 (London: Historical Branch, LRD, 1993). Pp.42. FCO Historical Branch, FCO Records: Policy Practice and Posterity, 1782–1993 (London: Historical Branch, LRD, Second Edition, 1993). Pp.17.
Epilogue: The Need to Know
As a concession to the albeit minor active role played by Persian exiles and emigres in Nazi attempts to influence regional politics, Chapter 5 dealt briefly with the wartime activities of a handful of Persians. However, the central focus of this book and its prequel2 has not been on them. It has instead been limited to how German covert initiatives and Allied security measures played out in the PAIFORCE theatre, not how they were directly or indirectly affected by the attitudes and behaviour of Persian officialdom and the Persian public-at-large, often referred to as ‘the bazaar’ or ‘the street’. Such popular indigenous opinon might be of sociopolitical significance perhaps, but it had little bearing on the work of the Allied secret services. Without apology therefore, this book (as well as its pre-quel) has not focussed on the wartime Persian polity, nor even on the interface between it and the Allies. They protected Persia from German invasion, subversion, and sabotage, not for Persia’s sake but for that of the Allied cause and the survival of the British Empire. The focus has therefore been primarily on a secret war waged on Persian soil between German spies and saboteurs on the one hand and Allied spycatchers on the other. It has been on Persia as a theatre of operations and on the combatants who occupied that theatre: mostly young European, American, Indian, and Soviet Russian men who found themselves operating in a harsh and unforgiving environment — in summer heat so unbearable that even the flies died3 — far from their homes and often against daunting odds.4
Yun Ch’i-ho’s Alienation by Way of Inclusion: A Korean International Student and Christian Reform in the “New” South, 1888–1893
This article explores Yun Ch’i-ho’s studies and social life at Vanderbilt University and Emory College between 1888 and 1893, and the expectations surrounding white Methodists’ investment in his mission to bring Christian and national reform to Korea. Yun’s diary entries document the tensions that existed between late nineteenth-century articulations of white supremacy and, conversely, missionaries’ idealized framing of Christianity as a universally accessible means for uplift, which any race or nation could pursue equally. Yun offers a unique perspective on the era’s global politics of racial identification and on what the alliances and institutional relationships that missionary work necessitated meant personally.