INFORMAL SECTOR EMPLOYMENT AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO RURAL DEVELOPMENT: THE CASE OF ELDORET MUNICIPALITY IN KENYA
ABSTRACT As formal jobs get more and more scarce while the number of potential workers continues to increase, the informal sector is increasingly becoming an important employer throughout Kenya. The crucial role the informal sector plays in the Kenyan economy was given formal recognition by the Government of Kenya in 1988 with the creation of the Ministry of Technical Training and Applied Technology to regulate this sector. However, despite this official recognition, very little has been done by the government to improve the welfare and working conditions of those involved in this sector. This paper offers a case study of the informal sector in Eldoret Manucipality in Kenya. In Eldoret this sector is vibrant and can be found in the busiest places of the Central Business District as well as in high density residential areas. The results of this study indicate a gendered division of the sector into two parts: namely, the production sector dominated by men and the service sector dominated by women. The centr...
Migrants' remittances, capital flight, and macroeconomic imbalance in Sudan's hidden economy
Migration to the Gulf, the spread of the parallel economy, and capital flight have become major features of Sudan's economy. This paper examines these processes, analyzes the relationships between them and estimates their quantitative significance over the period 1978-87, based on survey data on Sudanese migrants abroad, andusing a simple macroeconomic accounting framework It finds that the revised macroeconomic aggregates incorporating the unrecorded international financial flows and domestic transactions associated with these "hidden" adjustment processes give a completely different picture of Sudan's economic imbalances and the nature of the microeconomic processes underlying these. The efficacy of orthodox IMF and World Bank analysis and policy prescriptions are then questioned in the light of this alternative perspective.
Recovering the frontier state : war, ethnicity, and state in Afghanistan
Chapter 1 Table of Contents Chapter 2 1 Introduction Chapter 3 2 Ethnicity, Political Power, and Fragmentation Chapter 4 3 Rise of the Taliban and Civil War Chapter 5 4 The United States and War on Terrorism Chapter 6 5 Restructuring the Afghan State Chapter 7 6 Political Economy of Drugs and Warlordism Chapter 8 7 Afghanistan and Neighboring States Chapter 9 8 Conclusion Chapter 10 Bibliography