Participation Of Family-Women In Agricultural Production : A Case Study Of Jaffna District, Sri Lanka
Family women play significant and crucial role in  agricultural development and allied fields. Several factor both economic and non economic factors are responsible for women participation. However, it is most unfortune that role of women in agriculture has not highlighted..Therefore the effort were made to analyse the work performed by women in agriculture. This study was under taken in Valikamam area of Jaffna district. A total of 185 household were selected through proportionate random sampling. The selected respondents were interview personally using pre tested well structured questionnaire. The data were analysed using appropriate statistical tool -probit model. The finding showed that the women contribution to the agricultural production is highly in family-women. The family-women age, income level and tenure rights had inverse relationship with participation in agriculture while, educational level, years of experience, distance of the woman’s farm from homestead, member of cooperative ,woman contribution in agriculture ,extension services and level of contribution had positive and significant relationship. Keywords :agricultural production , family-women, valikamam , probit.
Domestic Commitment, Financial Capability and Network Affiliation Affecting on Business Performance of Women Entrepreneurs in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka
PurposeThis empirical research proposes to find out the impact of individual factors on the business performance of women entrepreneurs with special reference to Gampaha district, Sri Lanka. Design/ Methodology/ ApproachA theoretical framework developed by the author is proposed based on how three main independent variables of domestic commitment, financial capabilities and network affiliation influence the business performance of women entrepreneurs. The structured questionnaires, developed by the author were distributed among 185 of women entrepreneurs in Small Enterprises Development Centre in the Gampaha district. The collected data were analyzed using Pearson correlation analysis and multiple linear regression analysis. Findings-Results revealed that the independent variables of financial capabilities, domestic commitment and network affiliation have a positive significant impact on the dependent variable which is business performance. The results further showed that financial capability has the highest impact on business performance of women entrepreneurs in Gampaha district, Sri Lanka. Research ImplicationsThe study has several limiting factors. The scope of the study had to be restricted to women entrepreneurs in Gampaha district, who were selected through simple random sampling method. Practical ImplicationsThe findings recommend to promote entrepreneurial culture in Sri Lanka, improve the accessibility to finance, improve mentorship, advisory and business supportive services in order to enhance the business performance. Originality/ ValueThe study suggests that the theories adopted from western developed countries in relation to women entrepreneurship should be cautiously tested and examined before adopting to developing Asian country like Sri Lanka. .
Fiscal Transparency in EU Accession Countries Progress and Future Challenges
This paper discusses the findings of fiscal transparency reports on standards and codes (ROSCs) for most EU accession candidate countries. Emphasis is given to the need to establish effective and accountable medium-term budget frameworks to establish policy credibility and anchor adjustment programs to meet EU fiscal goals. Adoption of budgeting and accounting standards consistent with the IMF Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001 framework will also help link budget decisions to EU standards of fiscal reporting. More consistent and comprehensive coverage of off-budget activities is needed for assessing fiscal risk and sustainability. Finally, local government issues need to be addressed by many of these countries since EU fiscal goals are set with reference to general government. Progress in all of these areas can be monitored by keeping fiscal ROSC assessments up to date.