PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF EXTRACTS OF SOLANUM XANTHOCARPUM
Antibacterial activity of various parts (stem, leaf and fruits) of solvent extracts (Petroleum ether, alcohol and acetone) of Solanum xanthocarpum against Escherichia coil, Klebsiella of Solanum xanthocarpum showed high sensitivity to Escherichia coil & less sensitivity and resistance to Bacillus cereus. In control, no inhibitory zone was observed.
Preliminary Photochemical Screening and Antimicrobial activities of Plant extract of Solanum indicum
Introduction Medicinal plants are the ones whose parts like leaves, seeds, stem, roots, fruits and foliage are used in the preparation of varied extracts, infusions, decoctions and powders in different compositions. The use of different parts of several medicinal parts to cure specific ailments has been in vogue from ancient times (Alavijeh PK, Sharma D, 2012, Zemali D, Ouahrani MR. 2014). These are used in the treatment of different diseases of humans, plants and animals with less side effects. In the last few years plants have been used as antimicrobial agents because of their antimicrobial traits. This property is due to the bioactive compounds synthesized during secondary metabolism in plants (Ahmed A, Tayela E, Wael F et al. 2013). . The use of plant extracts with known antimicrobial properties can be of great significance in therapeutic use which is safe and efficient in nature. (Huang W.H. Hsu C.W. & Fang J.T., 2008)
Comparison between Two Chemicals for Reducing Scale Formation in Reverse Osmosis Systems
In this present research was transacted with the calcium carbonate scale inhibition on the membrane surface of the reverse osmosis desalination system. Influence of changing feed solution flow rate (10-25)l/h, pH of the feed solution (6-10) on the recovery ,penetrate flow rate and total dissolved solid in (RO) system by using solution of calcium carbonate as feed solution was investigated, furthermore the effect of adding two types of scale inhibitor ,zinc chloride and polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate with difference concentration (2-8)mg/l for zinc chloride and (8-15) mg/l for polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate was calculated. The results showed that the permeate rate increases as the feed flow rate augmentation ,while it reducing with time, the total dissolved solids decreases as the feed flow rate increases while it increases with time and recovery rate decreases as the feed flow rate increases and it also decreases with time. It was concluded that the permeate rate decreases as the feed solution pH value increases and it cause high scale forming thus decrease the permeate TDS.By adding the scale inhibitor, it was found that the permeate rate and recovery rates increases as the concentration of inhibitor increases while the total dissolved solids decreases in the permeate with increasing the concentration of both inhibitors .It was discovered that Polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate more sturdy than zinc chloride as scale inhibitor for reverse osmosis desalination system in all concentrations was studied in this article.