2009 Soybean Yield Prospects Improving
The purpose of this brief is to update our previous evaluation of yield potential for soybeans in Illinois, Indiana, and Iowa in 2009. (Irwin, Good, and Tannura, 2009). This update makes use of a crop weather model that estimates the impact of technology (trend), state average monthly weather variables, and portion of the crop planted late on state average yield. Previously, that model was used to evaluate 2009 yield potential based on planting progress, state average precipitation through June 2009, and alternative 2009 July-August weather scenarios. This update incorporates preliminary state average precipitation and temperature for July and alternative weather scenarios for August 2009. The yield forecasts for the three states are then used to project the U.S. average yield. Trend yields for 2009 for each of the three states and the U.S. are also presented. It should be noted at the outset that average July temperatures for 2009 were well below the coldest July in the sample of historical observations used to
Early Prospects for 2009 Soybean Yields in Illinois, Indiana, and Iowa
The USDA’s first forecast of the potential size of the 2009 U.S. corn crop was released on May 12 (USDA/WASDE, 2009). That forecast was based on: 1) acreage expected to be harvested for grain, which is a function of planting intentions revealed in the March 2009 Prospective Plantings report and the historical relationship between acreage planted for all purposes and acreage harvested for grain, and 2) projected yield, which USDA defined as “... the simple linear trend of the national average yield for 1990-2008 adjusted for 2009 planting progress.” The projected yield was 155.4 bushels per acre, which reflected a 1.5 bushel penalty for the slow pace of planting progress in the eastern Corn Belt. The 2009 production forecast was 12.09 billion bushels.
Concentration of amino acids in wine after the end of fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains
Both quantitative and qualitative differences in the utilization and release of assimilable nitrogen by two wine strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (cerevisiae and capensis) under different conditions of oxygen were observed. These differences were influenced by the presence of oxygen at the beginning of the fermentation, and by the strain of S cerevisiae. The release of some amino acids post-fermentation may be the result of reoxidation of NAD(P)H in order to maintain a normal redox balance. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry