Investigation on fatigue life of Rail-Wheel assembly using Finite Element Analysis
In recent years, the axle loads on railway cars is increasing due to increased transport of the goods and faster infrastructural growth. The rail wheels are subjected to high contact stresses of alternating magnitude due to rolling action of the wheels under these loads. The rail wheels should be able to sustain these variable loading for reasonably infinite life. Accidents due to fracture of rail wheels affects the safety of railway facility. Therefore more attention is paid to the quality of rail-wheel. The rail wheels are found to fail predominantly due to fatigue under these variable loadings whereas other modes of failure are damage to railway bogie, suspension failure and in some cases derailment of the vehicle. After all the advancements in design, materials and non-destructive inspection, the fatigue propagation and failure due to damage of railway components remains an important issue for safety engineering in railways. In this work, an attempt is made to investigate the occurrence of stresses in rail-wheel assembly due to high contact loads at the assembly points. The study involves the determination of equivalent stress (von-Mises), strain, safety factor using finite element method on ANSYS® 2016. An appropriate understanding of these mechanisms needs in depth knowledge of physical interactions between rail and wheel. The rail wheel assembly is assumed to operate under the designed load. The Goodman mean stress correction theory is used to obtain results. The results on the fatigue life are presented which are assumed to depend on these factors.
Structural Simulation and Strength Analysis for Trailer Bogie Frame of High-Speed Train Based on CATIA and ANSYS Workbench


As a key component of the rail transit vehicle, the railway bogie greatly affects
the dynamic performance, reliability, and safety of the high-speed rail vehicle. In this paper, the
structural strength of a typical trailer bogie frame is evaluated and its strength and dynamic requirements
are verified. In addition, various patents on bogie structural strength have also been discussed
in this paper.



The study aimed to evaluate and verify the rationality of the bogie frame structure design
with static strength and dynamic characteristics.



A three-dimensional model of the trailer bogie frame was built by CATIA V5, and then, a
finite element model of the frame was analyzed by ANSYS Workbench. Bogie frame loads, static
strengths and dynamic characteristics of the frame under different conditions (straight, curve, braking
and abnormal) were calculated based on its strength and design standards.



According to the requirement stress and dynamics standard, the maximum stress of the
bogie frame was observed to be in the allowable stress value of the frame material, and the dynamic
performance of the bogie model meets the design standards.



The structural strength of the proposed bogie frame is reasonable, and the static
strength and dynamic characteristics of the proposed bogie model are in accordance with the design
requirements of the railway vehicle.

The Role of Democratic Politics in Transforming Moral Convictions into Law
Professor Michael Perry's new book, Morality, Politics, and Law, is an ambitious attempt to address the extent to which moral and religious beliefs in a pluralistic society, such as ours, can legitimately influence law. He departs from the common opinion in legal circles that moral beliefs are a matter of taste or "values," and defends an older conception that it is possible to attain moral "knowledge." ' He also departs from the "liberal political-philosophical project," 2 which claims that it is possible (and desirable) for governments to steer a neutral course between competing moral understandings of the good. This, he suggests, is an illusion, and a disguise for the imposition of a particular moral structure without opportunity for open deliberation and reflection. Professor Perry brings some refreshing common sense to these riddles of moral philosophy. His "naturalist" approach has obvious roots in Aristotle-not a bad place to begin thinking about ethics. His dismissal of