Electron Air Hypersonic Propulsion
Aviation, in general, and aerospace in particular needs new propulsion systems which allow the craft to reach high speeds by cheaper and more efficient methods. Author offers a new propulsion system using electrons for acceleration of the craft and having a high efficiency. As this system does not heat the air, it does not have the heating limitations of conventional air ramjet hypersonic engines. Offered engine can produce a thrust from a zero flight speed up to the desired space apparatus speed. It can work in any planet atmosphere (gas, liquid) and at very high altitude. The system can use apparatus surface for thrust and braking. For energy the system uses high voltage electricity which is not a problem if you have an appropriate electrostatic generator connected with any suitable engine.
New Concepts, Ideas, Innovations in Aerospace, Technology and the Human Sciences
In last years the author and other scientists have published a lot of new concepts, ideas, and innovations in aerospace, science, and technology. These ideas promise the revolutions in aerospace, technology and human life. In aerospace these include the new method of flight - AB levitation. This method allows humanity to flight as bird, riches a very high speeds and free flight to space; the electrostatic ramjet and beam space propulsions; electrostatic magsail; high speed solar sail; a transfer of electricity in long distance at space; the space thermonuclear propulsion, the new electrostatic engine which can be used as driver for space launcher and accelerator of space ships, as an engine in new electrostatic high speed train; etc. In technology these include the new mini-thermonuclear reactor, utilization of high altitude wind energy, protection from tsunami, control of local and global weather, converting of deserts and polar Earth regions in 'evergreen' gardens, high altitude gas pipeline, and so on. In human science there include electronic immortality of people. New ideas in space/aviation may be useful for flights in space and in planet atmosphere. Some of these have the potential to decrease launch costs thousands of times, other allow the speed and direction of space apparatus to be changed without the spending of fuel. The author summarizes some revolutionary concepts, ideas, innovations, and methods for scientists, engineers, students, and the public. He seeks attention from the public, engineers, inventors, scientists for these innovations and he hopes the media, government and the large aerospace companies will increase research and development activity in these areas.
Contractor Failure: Analysis
The possibility exists for any construction contractor to fail to filfill the contract requirements associated with a facility. Contractor failure occurs when a contractor is unable to perform his/her contractual duties, thus requiring the facility owner to invoke the contract's nonperformance clause. This paper provides aggregate contractor business failure statistics and outlines potential causes for failure. A framework to identify and quantify the associated costs is also introduced. Several case studies are presented to examine the cause and cost of failure and the means by which the facilities were completed. Alternatives available for project completion when contractor failure occurs are discussed. Recommendations to identify and monitor contractors at high risk for failure are outlined as well. This paper provides facility owners with a greater awareness of the possibility of contractor failure, how to quantify costs of contractor failure, and avoidance techniques.