To prevent another world war : truth detection
The argument is simple: given matched power, at any level from maximal armament to none at all, opposing nations will resort to actual warfare overwhelmingly as a result of mistrust of the other or of misunderstanding resulting from false information-either suspected or actual. My solution is to insure that public or other official statements made by key figures are indeed true. This can be done with available lie detection techniques if national leaders will submit to them. Given an agreement to try, the operational procedures and instrumental techniques could readily be tested and perfected in real life situations of lesser moment than international warfare.
CARDIO-RESPIRATORY VARIATIONS IN PERSONALITY STUDIES
In this paper on the study of personality we are especially interested in what might be termed the physical or physiological levels of integration. For years investigators in all fields felt that personality deviations might be explained on the basis of some disintegration or failure of the physical sphere. Thus, in the study of schizophrenia Mott, Southard, and Lewis held that there were actually brain changes which were important in the understanding of the process. Still later others felt that the endocrines were important, and thyroid was emphasized by some, adrenalin by others, etc., as influencing personality. Kretschmer and Wertheimer were interested in a physical type of constitution and Rich did considerable work in an attempt to correlate biochemical findings with personality types. At the present time there are some observers who are focusing their attention on colloidal chemistry. Jaensch and others are interested in capillaroscopy as an aid in the study of personality deviates. Pilocarpin and adrenalin have been used in diagnostic tests, the distribution of calcium and potassium has been emphasized, and there have been many studies of the pupillary changes during psychoses or emotional disturbances. The claims for sodium amytal, cocaine, dial, and carbon dioxide in the study and treatment of schizophrenia, and the artificially imposed hallucinations and states of delirium produced by mescal, sodium amytal, hasheesh, scopolamine, morphine, and other drugs are well known. Since the literature is filled with references to contributions such as those mentioned, but which have no direct bearing on the investi-
The mark of sexual preference in the interpretation of texts: preface to a homosexual reading.
Since reading is an interaction or confrontation between the reader and the text-an interaction that depends upon the background and perspectives of the reader as well as on the text being read-we can assume that the dynamics of sexuality and sexual object choice will influence how readers ascribe meaning to literary texts. In fact, although other aspects of our identities come into play when we read, sexual identity is unique and central because of the role that it plays in the creation of subjectivity. Specifically, male homosexuality informs and structures the reading of texts. But what does it be a homosexual reader or to effectuate a homosexual reading of a particular text?