EU ACCESSION AND TRADE INTEGRATION: THE GRAVITY MODEL OF TRADE IN THE CASE OF THE EU CANDIDATE COUNTRIES
In the majority of the EU potential members agricultural sector is playing a prominent role. Such an outcome is based on the high contribution of the agricultural sector on GDP, employment and trade accounts. EU initiated bilateral trade liberalization with the Western Balkans through the establishment of the ATPs. Furthermore, trade liberalization is extended in the regional level through the establishment of renewed CEFTA 2006. Despite the significant improvement, their export competitiveness remains weak. In the long run, agricultural exports might contribute on improvement of the export performance of the EU candidates. Main findings of the gravity model employed in this paper suggest that exports are positively affected by product size (GDP), and to lesser extent by the GDP of trading partners. Exports fall with the increase of the distance, and the fall in the value of exports is greater as larger is the distance between the trading partners. Therefore, the marginal fall in exports increases as far as the geographical distance between the trading partners increase. Initial assumptions that PTAs and cultural ties facilities the trade flows were affirmatively confirmed. Trade liberalization had a positive implication on improving export performance of the EU candidate countries.
Impact of Trade Agreements with EU on the Reduction in Trade Balance Deficit of Bosnia and Herzegovina
The main objective of this paper is to study the effect of the liberalization of trade with the European Union (EU) and its impact on trade deficit reduction in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). The paper analyzes data time series in the period 2005-2013. We have applied the economical gravity model and econometric dynamic panel data techniques: panel data models (PD), fixed effect models (FE) and random effect models (RE). It has been established that trade liberalization positively impacts the reduction of B&H trade deficit, i.e. that export Xit , import Mjt , gross domestic product GDPit , GDPjt , gross domestic product per capita GDPPCit and the dummy variable sharing a common border CBORDij are statistically significant, while gross domestic product per capita GDPPCjt and other dummy variables are statistically insignificant.
Recovering the frontier state : war, ethnicity, and state in Afghanistan
Chapter 1 Table of Contents Chapter 2 1 Introduction Chapter 3 2 Ethnicity, Political Power, and Fragmentation Chapter 4 3 Rise of the Taliban and Civil War Chapter 5 4 The United States and War on Terrorism Chapter 6 5 Restructuring the Afghan State Chapter 7 6 Political Economy of Drugs and Warlordism Chapter 8 7 Afghanistan and Neighboring States Chapter 9 8 Conclusion Chapter 10 Bibliography