A LOW GRADIENT TRIPLET QUADRUPOLE LAYOUT COMPATIBLE WITH NbTi MAGNET TECHNOLOGY AND β * = 0.25m *
The paper presents a triplet layout option with long (about 100m total triplet length), low gradient (45T/m to 70T/m) quadrupole magnets. Assuming a maximum magnet diameter of 200mm, the peak coil field at the magnet coils still remains below 7T which is still compatible with conventional NbTi magnet technology. The peak beta function inside the triplet magnets reaches 22km and the configuration therefore requires an additional chromaticity correction scheme similar to a dipole first layout option. However, at the same time, the presented solution provides an interesting alternative to a high gradient triplet layout which requires the new Nb3Sn magnet technology.
LHC Luminosity and energy upgrade : A Feasibility Study
We discuss a possible staged upgrade of the LHC and of its injectors, with a view to increasing the luminosity from the nominal 1034 cm 2 s 1 to 1035 cm 2 s 1 in each of the two high-luminosity experiments. We also consider possible scenarios for an upgrade to a proton beam energy of about 14TeV. Starting from beam dynamics considerations and fundamental limitations of the hardware subsystems, we derive realistic requirements for the major components, such as superconducting magnets, cryogenic and RF systems, beam dump and vacuum. We also discuss a novel approach to the optimization of the collider performance, compatible with the beam-beam limit for high intensity proton bunches or long `super-bunches', and sketch a new design of the interaction regions, including an alternative beam crossing scheme. Finally we identify further studies required for an LHC performance upgrade and propose an R&D programme. CERN{EST Division yCERN{LHC Division zCERN{PS Division x CERN{SL Division {CERN{TIS Division Administrative Secretariat LHC Division CERN CH-1211 Geneva 23 Switzerland Geneva, December 2002
Second generation high gradient quadrupoles for the LHC interaction regions
Conceptual designs of large-aperture high-gradient Nb/sub 3/Sn quadrupoles, suitable for use in a second generation LHC interaction region, are presented. A quadrupole with a 90 mm coil aperture and the same 200 T/m gradient as in the current LHC IR is technically feasible and would allow /spl beta/*=0.25 in to be achieved, doubling the LHC luminosity.