Operating experience of the United States National High Magnetic Field Laboratory 60 T Long Pulse Magnet
The 60 T Long-Pulse (60 T LP) magnet system has provided controlled power magnetic field pulses to experimentalists since August 3, 1998. This magnet system is installed as part of the user facility research equipment at the National High Magnetic Laboratory (NHMFL) Pulsed Field Facility at Los Alamos National Laboratory. The 60 T LP magnet is the first of its kind in the United States and produces the highest field in its class, routinely providing a 60 T pulsed field of 100 ms flat-top duration in a 32 mm diameter bore. In addition, numerous other controlled pulse shapes at 60 T and lower fields have been provided. Since the start of commissioning on September 17, 1997 the magnet has been pulsed in excess of 800 times at various field levels. More than 600 magnet pulses have been provided to experiments and almost 400 of these were at 60 T. Operating statistics including coil system and inductance and resistance histories are presented. Operating and maintenance experience and issues are discussed as well as realizable improvements and upgrades to the magnet.
Design and testing of a 320 MW pulsed power supply
For a 60 Tesla, 100 millisecond long pulse magnet five 64 MW (87.6 MVA) power converter modules have been installed. Each module provides a no-load voltage of 4.18 kV and a full load voltage of 3.20 kV at the rated current of 20 kA. The modules are connected to a 1430 MVA/650 MJ inertial energy storage generator set, which is operated at 21 kV and frequencies between 60 and 42 Hz. They are designed to provide the rated power output for 2 seconds once every hour. Each module consists of two 21 kV/3.1 kV cast coil transformers and two 6-pulse rectifiers connected in parallel without an interphase reactor, forming a 12-pulse converter module. As far as possible standard high power industrial converter components were used, operated closer to their allowable limits. The converters are controlled by three programmable high speed controllers. In this paper the design of the pulsed converters, including control and special considerations for protection schemes with the converters supplying a mutually coupled magnet system, is detailed. Test results of the converters driving an ohmic-inductive load for 2 seconds at 20 kA and 3.2 kV are presented.
The etiology and surgical management of tracheal collapse in calves.
The mean ages of 10 calves with tracheal collapse were 2.7 weeks at onset of clinical signs and 9.4 weeks at presentation for treatment. Inspiratory and expiratory dyspnea and stunted growth were the most common clinical signs. There were abnormalities of the cranial ribs consistent with healing fractures with redundant callus in eight lateral thoracic radiographs. Tracheal collapse in calves may result from cranial thoracic trauma during or soon after birth. Short polypropylene ring prostheses made from 60 ml syringe barrels were placed on the tracheas of four calves with cervical tracheal collapse. There were cranial rib masses in all calves and resection of the right first and second ribs was necessary in one calf to allow placement of prostheses. Dyspnea was relieved in all calves. One calf died of unrelated causes in year 3, and one calf had recurrence of clinical signs at month 5 and was euthanatized. In both calves, tracheal stenosis resulted from continued growth and infolding of the trachea within the constraints of the prostheses. One calf was alive at month 11, and one calf died of acute bronchopneumonia on day 2. Removal of tracheal prostheses in calves is recommended after 2 to 3 months if clinical signs recur.