Computer Simulation of Low Volume Roads Made from Recycled Materials
— Low volume roads are widely used all over the world. To improve their quality the computer simulation of their behavior is proposed. The FEM model enables to determine stress and displacement conditions in the pavement and/or also in the particular material layers. Different variants of pavement layers, material used, humidity as well as loading conditions can be studied. Among others, the input information about material properties of individual layers made from recycled materials is crucial for obtaining results as exact as possible. For this purpose the cyclic-load triaxial test machine testing of cyclic-load performance of materials is a promising test method. The test is able to simulate the real traffic loading on particular materials taking into account the changes in the horizontal stress conditions produced in particular layers by crossings of vehicles. Also the test specimen can be prepared with different amount of water. Thus modulus of elasticity (Young modulus) of different materials including recycled ones can be measured under the different conditions of horizontal and vertical stresses as well as under the different humidity conditions. Using the proposed testing procedure the modulus of elasticity of recycled materials used in the newly built low volume road is obtained under different stress and humidity conditions set to standard, dry and fully saturated level. Obtained values of modulus of elasticity are used in FEA.
PERFORMANCE-RELATED TESTS OF AGGREGATES FOR USE IN UNBOUND PAVEMENT LAYERS
This report presents recommended performance-based tests for aggregates for unbound pavement layers in both flexible and rigid pavements. Test protocols for new tests are also provided. These tests will help state departments of transportation evaluate and select the aggregates that should contribute to good performing unbound aggregate layers. The recommendations and protocols detailed in the report are based on a comprehensive research program that measured the aggregate properties that influence field performance. The contents of this report will be of interest to highway materials engineers, researchers, and others concerned with the construction and performance of flexible and rigid pavements.
Constructing gender and locality in late medieval England : the lives of Anglo-Saxon and British female saints in the South English Legendaries
..........................................................................................2 Acknowledgements.............................................................................5 Introduction....................................................................................8 1. Female Saints in the SELS 2. The SEL Manuscripts of Monastic Women’s Lives 3. Narratives of Medieval Monastic Women Chapter 1 Saint Frideswide of Oxford and Topoi of Virginity........................42