Calculation of fermentation parameters from the results of a batch test taking account of the volume of biomass in the fermenting medium
The values of fermentation parameters calculated from the measured concentrations of substrates and/or products may be significantly affected by the volume of biomass in the fermenting medium. Corrections proposed in this paper should be evaluated and, depending on their magnitude, considered in order to obtain more representative results.
Constant Fed-Batch Ethanol Fermentation of Molasses :
Action de la dimension de l'inoculum, de la concentration en sucre, du mout d'alimentation et de la vitesse d'alimentation du mout sur les rendements et les productivites
Numerical analysis and experimental observation of guidewire motion in a blood vessel model.
We have developed a computer-based system to simulate a guidewire in blood vessels for surgical planning, intra-operative assistance, and to facilitate the design of new guidewires. In this study, we compared simulation results with experimental results for validation of the simulation system. First, we inserted a commercial guidewire into a poly (vinyl alcohol) hydrogel blood vessel model using a two-axis automatic stage and measured the position of the guidewire tip and the contact force between the guidewire and the vessel. The experimental apparatus can be used not only for the validation of numerical analyses, but also as a simulation system. Second, similarly to the experiment, the motion of the guidewire in the blood vessel model was calculated when the proximal part of the guidewire model was pushed and twisted. The model of the guidewire is constructed with viscoelastic springs and segments, and the proximal part of the guidewire model is constrained by the fixed catheter model. Collisions between the guidewire and the vessel are calculated, and the contact forces are determined according to the stiffness of the vessel wall. The same tendency was seen in the trajectories and the contact force of both the experimental and simulated guidewire tips.