Brachiaria piligera and Sorghum verticilliflorum are natural hosts of two different strains of sugarcane mosaic virus in Australia
In 1985 and 1986, during an outbreak of mosaic in sugarcane in the lsis district of Queensland, Brachiaria piligera (hairy arm grass) with mosaic symptoms was found infected with the sugarcane strain of sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV-SC). This is the first report of SCMV-SC naturally infecting a host other than sugarcane in Australia. Sorghum verticilliflorum (wild sorghum) with mosaic symptoms in the lsis and nearby coastal districts was always infected by Johnsongrass mosaic virus (JGMV), except at one site in Bundaberg where the sabigrass strain of SCMV (SCMV-Sabi), which does not infect sugarcane, was found. This is the first report of SCMV-Sabi occurring in wild sorghum and in a district distant from Gatton where infected sabigrass occurs normally.
Reaction of Different Maize Genotypes to Infection by Maize Lethal Necrosis Disease and Transmission of Viruses Causing the Disease From Soil and Plant Debris
A greenhouse study was conducted to determine the reaction of five different genotypes of maize to infection by Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), Maize chlorotic mosaic virus (MCMV) and the synergistic interaction of the two viruses which results in maize lethal necrosis (MLN) disease. The genotypes included H614, H513, Duma 43, Kikamba and Kinyanya. Their selection was based on the Agro-ecological Zones (AEZ) where they are grown in addition to whether they are hybrids or landraces. The treatments included SCMV and MCMV each inoculated separately and in combination (SCMV+MCMV) and with inoculum obtained from MLN infected plants. The plants were mechanically inoculated at four leaf stage. The plants were assessed for disease severity using a scale of 1-5 and area under disease progress curve (AUDPC) and percent disease incidence determined starting from week 1 post inoculation to week 6. Leaf samples were collected and analyzed for the presence of the viruses using Double Antibody Sandwich Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA). All the genotypes had >90% incidence recorded with significant differences among genotypes only for the co-infection (SCMV+MCMV) at P=0.05 while on disease severity, the SCMV+MCMV had the highest AUDPC. The landraces recorded higher disease severity with Kinyanya having an average of 4.9 and Kikamba 4.5 on the SCMV+MCMV treatment. In general, landraces showed more severity to the different viral infections. When the plants were co-infected with both SCMV and MCMV, the disease severity was quite high with more than 80% crop loss whereas the plants inoculated with MLN extracted
Old English Manuscripts in the Early Age of Print: Matthew Parker and his Scribes
Covering the first dedicated program in the study of and publication of Anglo-Saxon texts, my dissertation examines the sixteenth-century origins of medieval studies as an academic discipline. By placing recent scholarship on media, materiality, cognition, and intellectual history in conversation with traditional paleographical methods on medieval and renaissance manuscript culture, I argue for a new way of understanding how early modern scholars studied and presented the medieval past. I take as my focus a corpus of emulative Anglo-Saxon manuscript transcriptions produced under Elizabethan Archbishop Matthew Parker. Equal parts facsimile and edition, these transcriptions are a unique example of early modern scholars navigating the often competing demands of late sixteenth century manuscript and print culture. This dissertation is, in part, an attempt to catalogue and document the extent of Parkerian Anglo-Saxon manuscript transcriptions. Temporally displaced from their source texts, Parker and his scribes directly modified many of the medieval manuscripts they recovered by editing, rebinding, cropping, and annotating them according to their own interpretive desires and publication needs. These transcriptions place Parker’s early modern scribes into the textual community of early medieval scribal culture, but their printed manuscript editions are an attempt to bring medieval documents into contemporary discourse. They developed new typefaces modeled on manuscript exemplars and attempted to reframe the printed version of a medieval text as an authoritative surrogate