Interference and compatibility issues between the mobile satellite service and the fixed service in the Ku band
This paper examines the potential interference between the mobile satellite service and the fixed service in the Ku band. At first, the aggregate and the single-entry interference criteria for the terrestrial fixed service stations are calculated. Then, all the parameters that influence the interference magnitude are presented and extensively analyzed. In order to evaluate the impact of each one of them in the interference calculations, different scenarios are taken into consideration and simulations are conducted. The results are thoroughly presented and analyzed.
A review of ongoing ITU-R studies to allow shipboard SATCOM systems to use frequency bands shared by the fixed satellite and fixed services
The USA Navy (USN) Challenge Athena (CA) program, which provides two-way shipboard satellite communications (SATCOM) at data rates up to 1.544 Mbit/s (T1), utilizes the C-band frequencies 5925-6425 MHz Earth-to-space and 3700-4200 MHz space-to-Earth. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has allocated C-band for the fixed satellite service (FSS) and the point-to-point, line-of-sight microwave links of the fixed service (FS) on a co-primary basis throughout the world. CA is best described as a broadband maritime mobile satellite service (MMSS), a subset of the mobile services (MS). However, there is no ITU MS, let alone MMSS, allocation in C-band. Therefore, from a regulatory perspective, CA's operation must be done on a not-to-interfere basis, without protection from electromagnetic interference (EMI) caused by incumbent users of the band (i.e., the FS and FSS). But the USN is not alone with requirements for broadband services that must be provided throughout the oceans. Earth stations on vessels ("ESV" as they are referred to in the ITU) are also widely used by the cruise ship and offshore oil industries. Therefore, delegates representing several broadband maritime SATCOM service providers are cooperating with FS delegates in ITU Radiocommunication Bureau (ITU-R) Working Party 4-9S to study the potential for interference from ESV and to develop ITU-R Recommendations for ESV use of FS/FSS shared frequency bands. This paper discusses WP 4-9S ESV-on-FS interference avoidance studies, which are currently being conducted in preparation for World Radiocommunication Conference 2003 (WRC-2003). The methods described herein could be adapted to other situations where mobile satellite service (MSS) transmissions might interfere with FS and FSS systems.
Concept design of solar cell satellite dish
Solar panels are devices that consist of solar cells that convert light into electricity. They are called solar on the Sun or “sol” because the Sun is the strongest light source that can be utilized. Solar panels are often called photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic can be interpreted as “light-electricity”. Solar cells or PV cells depend on the photovoltaic effect to absorb the Sun’s energy and cause currents to flow between two opposing charged layers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the satellite dish using solar panels, so this tool is a signal search tool that uses solar energy to run to carry out its functions. As we know that many places or areas that are still often experiencing power outages so that it can hamper and interfere with community activities. Therefore, this research wants to facilitate the public, especially the current generation who need electricity every day so that when there is a power outage, the satellite dish will utilize solar energy as its main source. This research uses a satellite dish as an intermediary to produce electrical energy with the help of solar energy and is collected into a high-voltage battery in the form of electricity, so that it becomes a source of electricity.