The socio-cultural and linguistic implications of Zulu names
Names and naming practices reflect the socio-cultural background of any particular society. Names are terms that can refer to any concept or object and naming practices concern the ‘how’ of naming. This article looks into the socio-cultural and linguistic implications of isiZulu names amongst the Zulu people. Socio-cultural implications are the large scale forces within cultures and societies that affect the thoughts and behaviours of individuals in naming practices. These factors are mainly influenced by ethnic values, identity, and family and kinship structures of that particular individual. In this regard, the concept of a name will be interrogated to showcase complexity of meanings in the African context. It will explain and define the term ‘onomastics’ as the science of naming in relation to the African society and naming practices. The article also defines the concept ‘implication’, and examines the cultural and linguistic (inter alia morphological) formations in naming practices and their significance in naming. The arguments about Zulu naming practices which the article raises emanate from a study carried out on naming practices in KwaZulu-Natal in 2000. The significance of the year 2000 is that it was the beginning of the 21st century and hence a strategic time in history to investigate changes in naming practices.
The making of the modern family
Inevitably, reading is one of the requirements to be undergone. To improve the performance and quality, someone needs to have something new every day. It will suggest you to have more inspirations, then. However, the needs of inspirations will make you searching for some sources. Even from the other people experience, internet, and many books. Books and internet are the recommended media to help you improving your quality and performance.
EFFECT OF SURFACE CONTAMINANTS ON COATING LIFE. FINAL REPORT
This study investigated the influence of soluble salts on the performance and lifetime of protective coatings on steel bridges. Laboratory and field methods were established for measuring chloride ion, sulfate ion, ferrous ion, ammonium ion, conductivity and pH, and for extracting aqueous samples from blast cleaned steel. Aqueous samples were extracted from blast cleaned steel surfaces of 18 bridges and analyzed using the methods established. Comparisons were made among the level and type of salts (principally chloride and sulfate) and the type, structure, and environment of the bridges. Plates were blast cleaned with a variety of commonly used abrasives to determine the amount of salt transferred to the steel. The effect of those abrasives on the performance of several coatings was evaluated in a pressure immersion screening test. Several representative highway bridge coating systems were then applied over blast cleaned steel doped with various levels of chloride and sulfate in order to determine the effect of these salts on coating performance. These same coatings were also applied over steel blast cleaned with both highly contaminated and standard abrasives to evaluate the effect of the abrasivve contaminants. Coated specimens were placed in several accelerated exposure environments, including pressurized immersion in deionized water, exposure to salt spray, and exposure to an accelerated outdoor environment and a conventional exterior exposure. The coatings were evaluated for blistering, rusting, and undercutting at the scribe. On the basis of the observed degradation, and reputable work by other laboratories, a set of preliminary guidelines for allowable salt levels was prepared. Levels were given for two environments, "aggressive atmospheric" and "severe immersion-like." In addition, a users guide was prepared to assist the highway engineer in understanding and implementing the findings.