Occurrence of Phytophthora macrochlamydospora in New South Wales and its pathogenicity to some legume species
Herbarium material of a Phytophthora species recorded on soybeans in New South Wales during 1985 was re-examined and identified as P. macrochlamydospora Irwin. A range of soybean cultivars and some legumes that occur naturally on the north coast region of New South Wales were tested for their reaction to artificial inoculation with P. macrochlamydospora. On soybeans, variable reactions were recorded indicating resistance in some cultivars. A number of the legumes were susceptible to infection. P. macrochlamydospora appears to be endemic on the north coast of New South Wales but has not been recorded from other areas of New South Wales.
The prevalence and severity of diseases in the coastal soybean crop of New South Wales
Rainfed soybean (Glycine max) crops in the northern coastal region of New South Wales were surveyed from 1985 to 1987 for the prevalence and severity of diseases. Sixteen diseases were recorded over the 3 seasons, but only rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), black leaf blight (Arkoola nigra) and bacterial pustule (Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines) were present each season. Rust was the most significant disease, infecting 50, 20 and 6% of crops in 1985, 1986 and 1987. The severity of rust was related to rainfall and temperature after flowering, with the most severe outbreaks in the higher rainfall area of the lower Richmond Valley. Black leaf blight was also significant and occurred in 39, 10 and 27% of crops in 1985, 1986 and 1987, but in most crops severity was low. The other diseases recorded were downy mildew (Peronospora manschurica), root and stem rot (Phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea), stem canker (Rhizoctonia sp.), pod and stem blight (Phomopsis spp.), anthracnose (Colletotrichum spp.), seedling blight (Rhizoctonia sp.), stem rot (Phytophthora sp.), white mould (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), flower blight (Botrytis cinerea), leaf spot (Phoma sp.), bacterial blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea), mosaic (soybean mosaic virus) and orange bark (not identified). All of these diseases were generally of low prevalence and severity.
The Bastille: A History of a Symbol of Despotism and Freedom
This book is both an analysis of the Bastille as cultural paradigm and a case study on the history of French political culture. It examines in particular the storming and subsequent fall of the Bastille in Paris on July 14, 1789 and how it came to represent the cornerstone of the French Revolution, becoming a symbol of the repression of the Old Regime. Lusebrink and Reichardt use this semiotic reading of the Bastille to reveal how historical symbols are generated; what these symbols’ functions are in the collective memory of societies; and how they are used by social, political, and ideological groups.

To facilitate the symbolic nature of the investigation, this analysis of the evolving signification of the Bastille moves from the French Revolution to the nineteenth century to contemporary history. The narrative also shifts from France to other cultural arenas, like the modern European colonial sphere, where the overthrow of the Bastille acquired radical new signification in the decolonization period of the 1940s and 1950s. The Bastille demonstrates the potency of the interdisciplinary historical research that has characterized the end of this century, combining quantitative and qualitative approaches, and taking its methodological tools from history, sociology, linguistics, and cultural and literary studies.