Finding Your Island: To Return or Not to Return
Based upon multiple field visits to the same site in northwest Mindanao in the southern Philippines, the issue addressed here is how ethnographic data may differ, pro and con, as the researcher ages and changes over time. Issues of validity, reliability and even potential creativity of insights are touched upon as variables in long-term research to the same locale.
Takers Keepers, Losers Weepers: Theft as Customary Play in the Southern Philippines
This article presents ethnographic findings from the northwest coastal region of Mindanao, the largest island in the Southern Philippines. I argue that street-level theft (pickpocketing, land squatting, and kidnapping) can be seen as emerging, at least in part, from customary norms based in what Alan Dundes might term folk ideas. Time-honored behavior patterns conveyed by word of mouth include getting something for nothing (pa-bukongay), being street smart (pa-abtikay), and being first (pa-unahay). These locally resonant ideas influence the kinds of behaviors that are tolerated in children and adults, and they should be considered as important independent variables when attempting to understand definitions of and motivations for theft in this region.
Synthesis of β-FeSi2 nanowires by using silicon nanowire templates
Si nanowires templates were grown by a Cu-catalyzed vapor–liquid–solid process and used for the preparation of β-FeSi2 nanowires on a Si substrate. The silicon nanowires were transformed into β-FeSi2 nanowires by annealing with additional source material containing FeCl2 and Si powder. In contrast to uniform Si nanowire templates along the direction, the synthesized nanowires were deformed irregularly. The electron diffraction pattern of the nanowires synthesized from the template corresponded to that of single-crystalline β-FeSi2 and the longitudinal direction of the nanowire was along the direction. The energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis confirmed that the nanowire contained Fe and Si in an atomic ratio of approximately 1:2. The results confirmed that β-FeSi2 nanowires on a Si substrate were synthesized from the Si nanowire templates.Si nanowires templates were grown by a Cu-catalyzed vapor–liquid–solid process and used for the preparation of β-FeSi2 nanowires on a Si substrate. The silicon nanowires were transformed into β-FeSi2 nanowires by annealing with additional source material containing FeCl2 and Si powder. In contrast to uniform Si nanowire templates along the direction, the synthesized nanowires were deformed irregularly. The electron diffraction pattern of the nanowires synthesized from the template corresponded to that of single-crystalline β-FeSi2 and the longitudinal direction of the nanowire was along the direction. The energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis confirmed that the nanowire contained Fe and Si in an atomic ratio of approximately 1:2. The results confirmed that β-FeSi2 nanowires on a Si substrate were synthesized from the Si nanowire templates.