Retraction: Glyphosate Use Predicts ADHD Hospital Discharges in the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Net (HCUPnet): A Two-Way Fixed-Effects Analysis
The publisher wishes to retract this paper because it was published in error. This paper was editorially rejected following peer review and consultation with the Editorial Board. Unfortunately , the production process was erroneously completed on this paper resulting in publication , and the publisher apologizes for this mistake. open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Editors must be vigilant to guarantee the quality and credibility of published scientific work
Scientific journals are designed to communicate primary scientific research and are committed to maintain high standards in order to keep the integrity of the scientific record. The editor-in-chief and the editorial board of a scientific journal are responsible for the entire content of a scientific journal, and it is their responsibility to evaluate the quality and the validity of submitted manuscripts with due respect to the stated aims and standards of their journals. After editorial and peer review, the editor-in-chief ultimately decides whether manuscripts can be published or not. Usually, the editor sends manuscripts for review to independent experts who are not part of the editorial board. Papers may also be rejected without external review, which is at the discretion of the editor. However, there are unfortunately many scientific journals around that do not undertake editorial or peer reviews and at the same time ask for a publication fee (so-called predatory publishing). The Journal Evaluation Tool may be a helpful tool to determine whether a scientific journal is a credible publication source (Rele et al. 2017). However, based on my long-standing experience as editor-in-chief of ADHD Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorders, there are two editorial difficulties that affect the quality and credibility of published work in scientific journals:
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms moderate cognition and behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders
Recent estimates suggest that 31% of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) meet diagnostic criteria for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and another 24% of children with ASD exhibit subthreshold clinical ADHD symptoms. Presence of ADHD symptoms in the context of ASD could have a variety of effects on cognition, autistic traits, and adaptive/maladaptive behaviors including: exacerbating core ASD impairments; adding unique impairments specific to ADHD; producing new problems unreported in ASD or ADHD; having no clear impact; or producing some combination of these scenarios. Children with ASD and co‐morbid ADHD symptoms (ASD+ADHD; n=21), children with ASD without ADHD (ASD; n=28), and a typically developing control group (n=21) were included in the study; all groups were matched on age, gender‐ratio, IQ, and socioeconomic status. Data were collected on verbal and spatial working memory, response inhibition, global executive control (EC), autistic traits, adaptive functioning, and maladaptive behavior problems. In this sample, the presence of ADHD symptoms in ASD exacerbated impairments in EC and adaptive behavior and resulted in higher autistic trait, and externalizing behavior ratings. ADHD symptoms were also associated with greater impairments on a lab measure of verbal working memory. These findings suggest that children with ASD+ADHD symptoms present with exacerbated impairments in some but not all domains of functioning relative to children with ASD, most notably in adaptive behavior and working memory. Therefore, ADHD may moderate the expression of components of the ASD cognitive and behavioral phenotype, but ASD+ADHD may not represent an etiologically distinct phenotype from ASD alone.