A Pan-American composer? Coleridge-Taylor and Africa
From early published compositions (the seven African Romances, op. 17, for voice), Samuel Coleridge-Taylor consciously projected himself as a composer of lively African sensibilities. His later scores reflect more somber musical influences from the African diaspora. The composer also made one specific attempt to incorporate West African thematic materials into his work, offering a tantalizing glimpse of a path he might have taken had he not died so young. He never visited Africa or met his father, but he had firm contacts with the tight-knit social circle of West African professionals to which his father belonged. At least twenty-four West Africans attended the composer's funeral in 1912, and a wreath in the shape of the continent, highlighting Sierra Leone, was laid at his grave (Fryer 1984, 261). African aspects of both his music and his family background are relevant to proper assessment of the composer and his work. Coleridge-Taylor came to prominence at the high point of Victorian political and popular engagement with Africa. The commander-in-chief of the British-led forces in Egypt, Sir Herbert Kitchener, defeated the Mahdists at Omdurman on September 2, 1898. Tory prime minister Lord Salisbury's main intent in venturing into the Sudan was to counter French threats to control continental river and rail connections. On
A Brazilian Counterweight: Music, Intellectual Property and the African Diaspora in Rio de Janeiro (1910s–1930s)*
Abstract This article treats Tio Faustino, a little-known samba musician and Afro-Brazilian religious leader living in Rio de Janeiro, as an entry point for exploring larger questions about Brazil and the African Diaspora. The inquiry expands outward from Tio Faustino to Rio's early twentieth-century markets in ‘African’ commodities, the city's nascent music industry and the growing call to defend intellectual property rights in Brazil. In order to advance their careers, Tio Faustino and other artists accessed nationalist sentiment in ways that highlighted differences rather than commonalities with African-descended peoples elsewhere. In this way, Brazil's global standing and its colonial history and post-colonial trajectory functioned as a counterweight to transnational and diasporic connections. These findings deepen, rather than completely unseat, recent trends in diaspora and transnational studies. Abstract Este artículo trata sobre Tio Faustino, un músico de samba poco conocido y líder religioso afro-brasileño viviendo en Río de Janeiro, como punto de entrada para explorar cuestiones mayores acerca de la diáspora africana brasileña. La investigación se expande desde Tio Faustino hasta los mercados de productos ‘africanos’ de Río de principios del siglo XX, la naciente industria musical de la ciudad, y el creciente llamado para defender la propiedad intelectual en Brasil. Con el fin de avanzar en sus carreras, Tio Faustino y otros artistas adquirieron un sentimiento nacionalista en formas que marcaron diferencias en vez de similitudes con afrodescendientes en otras partes. De esta forma, la posición global de Brasil, su historia colonial y su trayectoria postcolonial sirvieron como contrapeso a las conexiones transnacionales y de la diáspora. Estos hallazgos profundizan, en vez de desbancar completamente, recientes tendencias en los estudios transnacionales y sobre diásporas. Abstract Como ponto de entrada para explorar questões maiores sobre o Brasil e a diáspora africana, o artigo utiliza a figura de Tio Faustino, sambista e líder religioso afro-brasileiro pouco conhecido no Rio de Janeiro. A partir do Tio Faustino a investigação se amplia para abordar o mercado carioca de mercadorias ‘africanas’ no início do século vinte, a indústria musical nascente e o clamor crescente em torno da defesa dos direitos à propriedade intelectual no Brasil. Com a ascensão profissional em vista, Tio Faustino e outros artistas acessaram sentimentos nacionalistas de forma que era dado destaque às distinções em detrimento das similaridades com afro-descendentes de outros lugares. Dessa forma o posicionamento do Brasil no mundo, sua história colonial e trajetória pós-colonial agiram como contrapeso às ligações transnacionais e da diáspora. Recentes tendências em estudos de diáspora e transnacionalidade são aprofundadas, ao invés de completemente rejeitadas desestabilizados, por tais achados.
Alternative Energy: Political, Economic, and Social Feasibility
Chapter 1 Foreword Chapter 2 Why Alternative Energy and Fuels? Chapter 3 Studying Public Policy and Alternative Energy/Fuels Chapter 4 Overview of Alternative Energy and Fuels and Their Uses Chapter 5 Alternative Energy/Fuels as a Public Policy Innovation Chapter 6 Solar Energy Chapter 7 Wind Energy Chapter 8 Geothermal Energy Chapter 9 New Century Fuels and Their Uses Chapter 10 Historical Precedents: Alternative Energy/Fuels and Legitimacy Issues 11 Public Policy, Institutional Developments and Policy Interests 12 Practical Demonstration of the Economics of Alternative Energy Chapter 13 Conclusion: The Future of Alternative Energy