A COMPETITIVIDADE E O GRAU DE CONCENTRAÇÃO DAS EXPORTAÇÕES DO COMPLEXO SOJA DO BRASIL, DA ARGENTINA E DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DA AMÉRICA NO PERÍODO 1995/2010
This paper analyzes the export competitiveness of soybean in Brazil, Argentina and the United States and the degree of concentration in the main export markets of these countries in the period 1995/2010, using both the index of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Concentration ratio (CR). The results reveal, based on the CR3 , that Argentina and Brazil show an increase in the concentration ratio of even crushed soybeans and crude soybean oil, while the US in even crushed soybeans and fractionated soybean oil even. The RCA index shows advantages for all products/countries in both years, except the soy flour to Brazil and Argentina that had values below one. For the US the indexes were lower when compared to the other countries, although it remained as the main exporter of soy flour, fractionated soybean oil even and even crushed soybeans.
A Competitividade Das Exportações De Milho Do Brasil Para a União Europeia No Período De 2000 a 2014 (The Competitiveness of Corn Exports of Brazil for the European Union in the Period 2000-2014)
Portuguese Abstract: O presente estudo objetiva verificar a competitividade das exportacoes brasileiras de milho, buscando indicios de criacao e/ou desvio de comercio com a Uniao Europeia. Para tanto, sera caracterizado o cenario do mercado mundial do grao, descrevendo-se o perfil de comercio entre UE e Brasil e apresentando os principais estudos empiricos relacionados. A mensuracao dos Indices de Vantagens Comparativas Reveladas (IVCR) e do Indice de Orientacao Regional (IOR) auxiliara na identificacao das vantagens comparativas do milho brasileiro. Os principais resultados do IOR elencam que as exportacoes de milho do Brasil nao estao orientadas para a UE com excecao dos anos de 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007 e 2008. Da mesma forma, o IVCR identificou que o pais nao apresenta vantagem comparativa revelada na producao de milho em relacao ao periodo analisado. A ampliacao e integracao dos mercados agricolas pode ser capaz de impulsionar os fluxos comerciais entre os paises envolvidos, permitindo crescimento e desenvolvimento das economias, atraves do livre comercio.English Abstract: The present study aimed to verify the competitiveness of Brazilian corn exports, seeking evidence of creation and/or diversion of trade with the European Union. To this, was characterized the scene of the world grain market, was described the trade profile between the EU and Brazil and presented the main related empirical studies. The measurement of Comparative Advantage Revealed Index (IVCR) and the Regional Orientation Index (IOR) assist in identifying the comparative advantages of Brazilian corn. The main results of the IOR said that corn exports from Brazil are not oriented towards the EU with the exception of the years 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007 and 2008. Similarly, the IVCR identified that the country does not have comparative advantage revealed in corn production over the period. The expansion and integration of agricultural markets may be able to boost trade flows between the countries, allowing growth and development of the economies through free trade.
Super-resolution of overlapped waves in time and frequency domain in a directional borehole radar measurement
The Multiple Signal Classification (MUSIC) algorithm is modified in order to resolve multiple waves and to estimate reflection points in 3-D space. This algorithm is suitable for directional borehole radar with a circular dipole array antenna. Making use of the spatial frequency difference of acquired array signals, the signals are decorrelated, and the 3-D MUSIC algorithm is applied. The time domain signals of the singlehole array-type borehole radar are used in order to form a measurement vector in the MUSIC algorithm. A computer simulation confirms that the proposed algorithm may estimate the directions of arrival (DOA) for three signals. Applying the proposed algorithm to field experiment data successfully estimates the DOA of a reflected wave from a fracture in rock.