Reducing air clearance requirements for voltage uprating of overhead line by use of line surge arresters
While uprating an overhead line to a higher voltage level, it is often difficult to achieve the required clearance level for the uprated structure. Use of Transmission Line Arresters (TLAs) is an effective technique in controlling overvoltages and thereby, achieving the required clearance margin. In this paper, suitability of this technique in reducing the clearance margin is discussed. A case study on uprating an existing 275 kV overhead line to 400 kV is investigated here.
Insulation Co-ordination
Authors' closure of a paper by Philip Sporn and I. W. Gross published in the June 1937 issue, pages 715–20, and presented for oral discussion at the insulation co-ordination session of the summer convention, Milwaukee, Wis., June 25, 1937. Previous discussion of this paper appeared in the October 1937 issue, pages 1296–7.
Carbon Dioxide Elimination from Circle Systems
Ten various circle systems were studied in model experiments. All the experiments were performed using a Waters cannister containing 675–685 g of Durasorbr̀. 300 ml of carbon dioxide were supplied to the system per min. The efficacy of these systems was expressed as the time taken to demonstrate a concentration of 0.6% carbon dioxide in the gas mixture supplied to the patient connection during each respiratory cycle. The carbon dioxide elimination was studied at a gas flow of 2, 4 and 6 1 per min. All the systems showed an effective carbon dioxide elimination for 6 h or more at a flow of 2 1. An increasing efficacy was found with increasing flow, but to a varying extent.