THE EFFECT OF ANNEALING ON MICROSTRUCTURE OF STEEL NITRONIC 60
Nitronic 60 (UNS S21800) is a highly alloyed austenitic stainless steel with the increased content of manganese and silicon which has good mechanical and corrosion properties at high temperatures and loads. This paper presents the results of investigations of the influence of annealing process on the microstructure of steel Nitronic 60. Heat treatment consisted of annealing from 400 to 850 0 C for four hours followed by cooling in the water. The light and scanning electron microscope (with EDS analysis) were used for microstructure analysis. Analysis showed presence of sigma phase at higher temperatures. The sigma phase was precipited mainly at the austenite grain boundaries, δ/γ interface boundary and δ ferrite phase. Hardness testing showed increasing of hardness with precipitation of sigma phase.
Homogenization Heat Treatment to Reduce the Failure of Heat Resistant Steel Castings
In this chapter, influence of the homogenization heat treatment on the failure of heat resistant steel castings is studied. First, the cast stainless steels and effective factors on the failure of these steels are described. One of the most important factors is sigma phase embrittlement which is studied, in detail. Finally, the effect of homogenization heat treatment on dissolution of carbides and reduction of sigma-phase and failure is discussed. The present chapter is a compilation of my experience in industry and other studies about fracture of continuous annealing furnace rollers, prepared for use by practitioners and researchers. The chapter may also be useful for graduate students, researching failure.
Creating the Virtual Universe
Simulation software is important to our understanding of the universe. The intrinsic multiphysics aspects are spiced with a range of temporal scales and spatial scales, both of which cover more digits than are available in the standard hardware. This, together with the intrinsic chaotic nature of many physical processes, poses quite a challenge. To meet this challenge, researchers developed the Astronomical Multipurpose Environment (AMUSE). Instead of writing a suite of multiphysics solvers from scratch, AMUSE's developers coupled existing solvers for each physical ingredient. The result is a highly inhomogeneous collection of dedicated solvers with a homogeneous protocol that scales to supercomputers.