Penetration of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in a Florida soil.
Gas-liquid chromatography was used to detect movement of the nematicide, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), in soil columns containing top- and subsoil of Astatula fine sand. Topsoil contained 1.4-1.6% organic matter and subsoil 0.20-0.25%. DBCP was applied at various rates as aqueous drenches. Depth of penetration was controlled by organic matter in topsoil and varied with the amount of water applied. Maximum DBCP penetration after 14 days was 28 cm; maximum water infiltration, 115 cm. Maximum depth of penetration was obtained with a water emulsion of 30 mug/ml of DBCP applied in 15 cm of water. DBCP applied in 5 cm of water to soils containing 2.0% and 0.125% organic matter penetrated 6 cm and 60 cm, respectively.
Postplant Fumigation with DBCP for Citrus Nematode Control in Florida.
Eleven citrus groves of diverse varieties and ages infected with Tylenchulus semipenetrans growing in differing soils in Florida were treated with three rates of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) applied by various means. Yield, fruit size, and T. semipenetrans populations in the roots were compared between DBCP-treated and untreated trees over a period of I-3 yr. Maximum fruit size and yield were obtained by applying DBCP at 38-58 kg/hectare (ha) (34-52 lb/acre); whereas best nematode control was with a rate of 77 kg/ha (69 lb/acre). Application of chemical emulsion with a special, drilled, low-profile sprinkler irrigation ground pipe was the most suitable method. Effect of DBCP treatment generally lasted for 3 yr. A mean annual I. 1% increase in fruit diameter, 15.2% increase in fruit yield and a 55.7% decrease incitrus nematode populations was found for D BC P-treated trees in contrast to untreated trees.
Developers of the hepatitis B vaccine.
air at VA facilities, one of the many pieces of unfinished business beyond those major issues that we discussed in our Commentary. We agree that all facilities where current and past military personnel serve and receive treatment should be 100% smoke-free and note the recent Institute of Medicine report Combating Tobacco in Military and Veteran Populations. The report, which was commissioned by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 2007, calls for the DOD to set a timeline to eliminate smoking on military installations. The report also recommends that the DOD stop selling tobacco products in military commissaries and exchanges, prohibit tobacco use anywhere on military installations, and treat tobacco use in the same way as other health-related behaviors, such as alcohol abuse and poor physical fitness. We join Matthews and the Institute of Medicine in urging the VA and the DOD to take more immediate steps to protect the health of the men and women who serve in the armed services, as well as the civilians (such as Dr Matthews) working to serve them.