Zmiany strukturalne przemysłu Polski w warunkach kryzysu gospodarczego
The global economic crisis which started in 2007 in the United States of America, at different times and to a different extent affected various sectors and national economies of the world. In Poland, its symptoms were noticeable later than in other countries. In the first phase of the crisis (2007- 2008), there was no direct effect, due to the fact that initially the turmoil on global financial markets had weaker effect on the national economy, and it was limited mainly to capital markets, affecting the sectors of agriculture, industry, and services to a lesser extent. However, as recession grew in force, the crisis gradually began to affect also the results of economic activity, including industry. In 2009, a significant decrease in the value of production sold, as compared to the previous year, was observed. The question is whether this had been reflected in changes of spatial industrial structure. The five-year period of the economic recession seems to be long enough to assess such changes. Therefore, the paper analyses the transformation of the spatial structure of Polish industry during crisis, based on the basic indicators of potential, such as employment and the value of production sold, as well as concentration coefficients. The year 2007 was adopted as the base year, treating it as a pre-crisis year. The conclusions of the detailed analysis indicated that the impact of crisis on the change of the spatial structure of the Polish industry is very limited and the observed trends of change did not differ substantially from the general industrial development trends in Poland, identified by previous studies. It should be noted, however, that the structure of industry is characterized by high “inertia” due to the complexity and size of the investment process. Therefore, in the following several years no deep and sudden transformation should be expected, even during economic recession.
STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN POLISH INDUSTRY AFTER 1989
It has been 25 years since the beginning of the economic transformation in Poland and other countries of Central and Eastern Europe, associated with the change of the centrally controlled system over economy towards an economy based on market rules. Those changes, taking place in the conditions of globalisation of the world economy and European integration, and in recent years also the global recession, affect previously developed socio-economic structures, including the structures of industry. The aim of the article is to present changes in the role of industry in the economy of Poland, transformation of the ownership, branch and spatial structure of the industry of Poland and its diversification in regional and supra-regional systems as well as to attempt to answer the question of how the processes of industrial restructuring, undertaken during the years of economic transformation, contributed to its adaptation to the conditions of the market economy and improvement of its competitive position in global and European levels, including the possibility of integration into the global industrial networks.
Funkcjonowanie korporacji Ericsson w warunkach globalnego kryzysu gospodarczego
Postępujący proces rozwoju społecznego, gospodarczego i kulturowego wpływa na zmianę dotychczasowej bazy ekonomicznej i prowadzi do nowej fazy rozwoju cywilizacyjnego, odznaczającej się kreowaniem społeczeństwa informacyjnego. Dokonuje się on w wyniku pojawiania się nowych osiągnięć technologicznych i technicznych, które prezentują nowe podmioty gospodarcze związane z przemysłem IT. Wykorzystanie jego nowych możliwości zmienia często dotychczasowe metody produkcji, organizacji i zarządzania oraz gromadzenia i przetwarzania dużej ilości informacji oraz wpływa na budowanie gospodarki opartej na wiedzy (Zioło 2009). Wpływ wiodących korporacji informatycznych i teleinformatycznych na kreowanie społeczeństwa informacyjnego oraz budowanie gospodarki opartej na wiedzy skłania do przeprowadzenia analizy procesu kształtowania się jednego ze wspomnianych podmiotów. W świetle przedstawionych przesłanek przedmiotem niniejszych rozważań jest analiza działalności korporacji telekomunikacyjnej i teleinformatycznej Ericsson (Telefonaktiebolaget L.M. Ericsson). Jej celem jest przedstawienie procesów kształtowania się i organizacji przestrzennej ponadnarodowej korporacji Ericsson w warunkach globalnego kryzysu gospodarczego.