INTERMOLECULAR AND INTRAMOLECULAR ENERGY TRANSFER IN GAMMA-IRRADIATED ALKYLBENZENES AND RELATED MIXTURES.
From radiolysis studies of various hydrocarbon mixtures (principally cyclohexane-benzene), intermolecular energy transfer has been proposed to explain deviations of product yields from those expected on the basis of noninteraction of constituents of the mixtures (1, 2). Similarly, intramolecular energy transfer from alkyl group to phenyl group has been proposed to explain low radiolysis product yields from alkylbenzenes (3-5). In this study, hydrogen yields for a series of alkylbenzenes have been measured in an effort to determine the effect of side-chain length on intramolecular energy transfer. These data, in addition to hydrogen yields measured for related twocomponent hydrocarbon systems, provide a basis for comparison of intermolecular and intramolecular energy transfer.
Electron beam irradiation of r-SANEX and i-SANEX solvent extraction systems: analysis of gaseous products
Abstract 1-Octanol/kerosene mixtures and water contacted with organic solvents were used as model solutions for r-SANEX and i-SANEX extractions systems. Investigations aimed on a quantitative evaluation of gaseous products generated in these systems under exposure to an electron beam irradiation. Influence of O2, HNO3 and the presence of model ligands and complexes on the radiation chemical yields was studied. Relatively high G(H2) values (up to 420 nmol·J-1) for the organic phase compromise the safety issues of the extraction process and should be considered on the stage of extraction apparatus design. Based on the obtained results gaseous hydrocarbons seem to have negligible impact on safety issue. The upper limit of G(H2) values in water contacted with organic phase was established to be 85 nmol·J-1. This value is relatively low, however, the literature data indicate that G(H2) values measured in aqueous solutions are over twice higher for α-particles irradiation than for electron beam or γ-irradiation. Thus, further investigations of these systems are necessary.
An X‐Ray Study of Liquid Benzene, Cyclohexane and Their Mixtures
X‐ray (Mo K alpha) studies were made of pure benzene, pure cyclohexane, and their mixtures, using a Geiger‐Mueller counter with balanced filters. The benzene showed at 25°C a rather sharp intense peak at the customary 8°40′ and a new broader peak of about one‐eighth intensity at 4°20′. The cyclohexane showed a similar pair of peaks at 8°0′ and 4°0′. The mixtures all showed a broad peak of low intensity reaching from 4°0′ to 4°20′ and three sharp peaks at 8°0′, 8°20′, and 8°40′ superimposed on a broad peak which reached from about 8°0′ to about 8°40′. The positions of the three sharp peaks were not affected by the proportions of the two components, and their relative intensities were independent of amount of stirring. The customary shift with temperature was observed on all peaks. The results are consistent with a cybotatic type of picture. Benzene is pictured as having short‐lived highly organized groups of —B–B–B–B— floating in a chaotic sea of disorganized benzene molecules. The peak at 8°40′ is thought...