Digestion and N metabolism in Mong Cai and Large White pigs having free access to sugar cane juice or ensiled cassava root supplemented with duckweed or ensiled cassava leaves
It is envisaged that traits which facilitate more efficient use of byproduct and vegetative feeds will become increasingly important as the role of livestock in farming system changes from that of a specialized producer of animal protein to a more synergistic one of optimizing total resource utilization. The following experiment, which measured digestibility and N retention parameters in Mong Cai and Large White pigs given diets based on local feed resources, is part of a long term study to define more precisely the role of livestock as components of the overall farming system. Four male piglets of Mong Cai breed (mean weight±SD = 8.65±2.3 kg) and four Large White piglets (8.03±1.49 kg) were housed in metabolism cages made of bamboo for four consecutive periods of 10 days during which they received, according to a Latin Square arrangement, dietary combinations of: sugar cane juice or ensiled cassava root in each case with either fresh duckweed or ensiled cassava leaves as the protein supplement. In each 10 day period the first five days were for adaptation to the diet and the last five for determination of digestibility and nitrogen retention. There were no significant interactions among dietary treatments. Apparent digestibility of the nitrogenous fraction was higher (67%) when duckweed, rather than ensiled cassava leaves (59%), was the protein source (P=0.001). Nitrogen retention as a percent of nitrogen intake was high for both protein sources with higher values (P = 0.004) for the duckweed diets (52%) than for diets with ensiled cassava leaves (44%). The efficient use of the dietary nitrogen on all diets implies that both duckweed and ensiled cassava leaves have a good array of the essential amino acids needed for growth, with the advantage slightly in favour of the duckweed because of its superior digestibility.
The Prospect of Duckweed in Pig Nutrition: A Review
The demand for meat and its products has always exceeded supply. To match the ever-increasing demand, more animal products should be produced. Pig production could be a livestock enterprise of choice since pigs grow rapidly and are ready for marketing in a short time. With the escalating costs of feeds, it is worthwhile to use cheaper alternatives such as duckweed. Duckweed has a potential for full utilisation in the nutrition of the different classes of pigs. Researches have been conducted with different classes of pigs. The aim of this review is to consolidate work that has been conducted on duckweed in the nutrition of all classes of pigs, giving recommendations where necessary. In addition, areas requiring research have also been highlighted.
Music and Ethical Responsibility
Introduction 1. Meaning and ethics in music 2. Experiencing music 3. Framing elements of musical experience 4. Improvisation and ethical responsibility 5. Musical improvisation as festival 6. Music, proximity, ethics 7. Ethical responsibility and other people's music Conclusion: ethical responsibility in musical experience.