LATE GLA CIAL AND HO LO CENE MOL LUS CAN AS SEM BLAGES IN DE POS ITS FILL ING PALAEOLAKES IN NORTH ERN PO LAND
Late Gla cial and Ho lo cene car bon ate lac us trine de pos its de vel oped as lac us trine chalk and cal car e ousgyttja are fairlywide spread across north ern Po land. They form fill ings of palaeolakes which de vel oped dur ing the deglaciation. Thesefor ma tions are usu ally cov ered by peat. Rich and di ver si fied malacofauna has been found in the afore men tioned sed i -ments. The pro files from 154 sites de scribed and pub lished by var i ous au thors were sub jected to malacological anal y- sis. In the whole ma te rial, 18 mol lus can as sem blages were dis tin guished, rep re sent ing three types of hab i tats: terres-trial, of tem po rary wa ter bod ies, and of per ma nent wa ter bod ies. The com po si tion and struc ture of these as sem blagesal lowschar ac ter iz in g cli mate and dif fer en ti at ing hab i tatsThe . time-se quencesof malacological as sem blages pro vided pos si bil ity to de fine three types of malacological se quences. On the ba sis of these suc ces sions, a scheme of the lakewa ter bod ies evo lu tion dur ing Late Gla cial and in north ern Po land was elab o rated.
Molluscs of the Eemian Interglacial in Poland
Shells of subfossil snails and bivalves commonly noted in deposits of the Eemian Interglacial were used by several authors as more or less important stratigraphic indicators. In Poland, they have been noted in 35 sections, 20 of which are described as basic ones. 
Molluscan assemblages found at these sites include 60 species of freshwater molluscs and 58 species of land snails, the former being dominant. Climatic tolerance of particular species is the main attribute deciding on their stratigraphic values. Cold-tolerant snails are typical of the preceding Late Glacial and some of them occur also in early phases of the interglacial, while species connected with moderate climate and warm-demanding ones characterise the middle part of the Eemian Interglacial. The freshwater snail Belgrandia marginata is typical of the climatic optimum of this interglacial. Particular species of molluscs were related to regional pollen assemblage zones of the Eemian Interglacial in Poland.
Die Populationsdynamik Von Canthocampt Us Staphylinus (Jurine) (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) Im Litoral Des Bodensees
The population dynamics of Canthocamptus staphylinus in the littoral zone of Lake Constance are described (fig. 2). Adult animals aestivate as cysts. The main part of the population emerges from the cysts in autumn. During the resting stage and the first spell after emerging, mortality is very low (fig. 3). Reproduction, expressed as numbers of ovigerous females, begins in November and reaches its maximum in January. The new generation becomes adult in May/June and encysts without previous reproduction. According to Sarvala (1979) it may be possible, that in littoral populations dormancy is induced by long day periods and temperatures of over 12° C (figs. 1, 2). In the profundal zone C. staphylinus also forms cysts, however, both light and temperature are not likely to induce this stage in depths of over 60 m.