A Legal Cadastral Domain Model
During the last decade numerous attempts have been made to describe and discuss the cadastral domain on both national and international level. In this paper the term “legal cadastral domain” is used as a common term for laws and regulations regulating the content of traditional cadastre, multipurpose cadastre and land register storing legal real property information, regardless of any national differentiation between these registers. A problem towards description of the domain is that real property and cadastre are not homogeneous and standardised terms and different definitions are presented by several authors, see e.g. (FIG, 1995); (Kaufman and Steudler, 1998); (Silva and Stubkjaer, 2002). Such standardisation efforts are in addition primarily orientated towards technical storage environment of cadastre and other (software) solutions, but have, in my opinion, minor focus on legal aspects, even if the importance of the legal cadastral domain has been addressed by several authors, e.g. (Lemmen et al, 2003) and (Kaufman and Steudler, 1998). So, surprisingly little has been done to describe the legal issues of standardisation of real property information and cadastre.
Land Administration and Cadastral Systems in support ofSustainable Land Governance
All countries have to deal with the management of land. They have to deal with the four functions of land tenure, land value, land use, and land development in some way or another. National capacity may be advanced and combine the activities in one conceptual framework supported by sophisticated ICT models. More likely, capacity will involve very fragmented and basically analogue approaches. Different countries will also put varying emphasis on each of the four functions, depending on their cultural basis and level of economic development.
Hill country sheep production. I. The influence of age, flock, and year on some components of reproduction rate in Romney and Border Leicester × Romney ewes.
Data from 7,091 straightbred Romney and Border Leicester × Romney ewes grazed at the Whatawhata Hill Country Research Station over the period 1959 to 1967 have been used to obtain estimates of flock and age-of-ewe effects on reproduction rate and its components and of year-to-year variation. The ewes were from six groups: a Romney control (RCR) flock, a Romney flock in which ewes were mated either to Romney (RER) or to Border Leicester rams (REB), and flocks of first-cross (F1), second-cross (F2), and third-cross (F3) Border Leicester × Romney ewes mated to first-cross Border Leicester × Romney rams. The ewes' ages at lambing varied from 2 to 5 years and no selection was practised. The ratio of number of lambs weaned per ewe present at lambing increased from the RCR (0.84) to the F1 (1.07), then declined with interbreeding to the F2 (0.92) and further to the F3 (0.87) ewes. Similar changes were evident for the percentage of ewes lambing, of multiple births, and of lambs surviving to weaning. Over...