Improvement of preferred orientation of NiAl/CrMn underlayers deposited on prebaked tape substrates
It was observed that the coercivity of CoCrPt films deposited on a polyimide tape was much lower than the coercivity deposited on a rigid glass substrate under identical conditions. X-ray diffraction showed that the desirable (112) and (110) texture of the NiAl/CrMn underlayers on the tape substrate was severely degraded during the deposition process. This resulted in the destruction of (10.0) growth texture of CoCrPt films and a significant reduction of magnetic coercivity. However, degassing of the tape substrate under vacuum before deposition significantly enhanced the magnetic properties. The coercivity of the film reached 170 kA/m which is near that achieved on a glass substrate. Auger analysis also revealed that oxygen was present in the NiAl/CrMn underlayers deposited without degassing the tape substrate.
Magnetron sputtering of cocr/cr and cocata/cr on flexible substrates
In this paper a new method is developed to deposit magnetic films on flexible substrates. The magnetron sputter process commonly used in hard disk technology is adapted to the specific needs of flexible substrates. By using a higher sputter pressure and no substrate heating the problem of substrate stress or deformation is solved. The influence of all major sputter parameters is discussed in this article. All samples mere characterized by magnetic measurements [hysteresis curve (H/sub c/, M/sub r/, M/sub s/), remanence and /spl delta/M measurements], and by XRD and AFM.
Drug Testing in Public Agencies: Are Personnel Directors Doing Things Right?
The results of a survey of 300 public agencies personnel directors are reported. The report describes the drug and alcohol testing policies and procedures now used by these respondents. The implications of the survey results are evaluated in terms of critical issues of personnel management practice and public policy: (1) the protection of employees' constitutional rights, (2) the public's right to an effective public service, and (3) management's need to reduce liability risks and to increase program effectiveness.