PLANNING FOR THE BROADCASTING-SATELLITE SERVICE IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
ABSTRACT The 1983 Regional Administrative Radio Conference (RARC-83) for Region 2 is the next in a series of International Telecommunications Union (ITU) meetings which will shape the Broadcasting-Satellite Service (BSS) in the western hemisphere. This paper provides insight into some opportunities and associated problems presented by BSS in the United States, and mechanisms by which the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) is integrating advice from the private sector into its planning for RARC-83. Eight proposals, to provide Direct Broadcast Satellite (DBS) service in the 12.2 – 12.7 GHz band, were accepted for filing by the FCC in October 1981, and provide important inputs to the RARC-83 preparations.
The Impact of WARC-79 on the Broadcasting-Satellite Service
The World Administrative Radio Conference, Geneva, Switzerland, 1979 (WARC-79) decided many of the international issues facing the Broadcasting-Satellite service (BSS) and adopted Resolutions and Recommendations dealing with most of the others. This paper identifies the BSS issues codisidered at WARC-79, describes the actions taken during the Conference, indicates the current status of subsequent WARC-mandated activities involving the BSS, and assesses the potential impact of the WARC on future BSS systems. by the authors and were integrated by the Editors.
European Neutrality in Historical Perspective
This chapter places the neutrality policies of the established European neutral states—Austria, Finland, Ireland, Sweden and Switzerland—in historical context. It explores the origins of neutrality in the idea of non-belligerency in war and the history of neutrality in modern European international politics, highlighting the way in which quite a wide variety of states were or sought to be neutral at various points in the nineteenth century or the first half of the twentieth century. The chapter then shows how the Cold War division of Europe resulted in Austria, Finland, Ireland, Sweden and Switzerland (along with Yugoslavia) emerging as a distinctive neutral group of states between the two blocs. The chapter also reviews how the European neutral states’ foreign and security policies have adapted since the end of the Cold War. It finishes with some conclusions about neutrality in general and the neutrality of the established European neutral states in particular.