The Effect of Magnetic Radiation on Pipeline Transportation of Crude Oil
The deposition of paraffin wax during the pipeline transportation impedes the flow of crude oil and eventually blocks the pipelines. The hot oiling method is extensively used to control the wax deposition in the oil industry. Consequently, a huge amount of energy is consumed to heat the crude oil by hot water or electrical power every year. In order to save the energy cost, the magnetic paraffin control technology is presented and evaluated with the hot oiling method, and accordingly the effect of the magnetic radiation on the oil transportation is detailed. The experiments carried out have demonstrated that the magnetic treatment can compensate for the resistance rising of the pipeline caused by the hot water reduction. Especially, the transportation of crude oil (at the surrounding temperature of -10°C~-30°C) without any heating has been observed in the Daqing oil field under the radiation of a magnetic field of 120 mT. In addition, the effect of the length of pipelines on the performance of magnetic treatment was also investigated.
Effect of magnetic field on the paramagnetic, antioxidant, and viscosity characteristics of some crude oils
The effect of a magnetic field on the structural and rheological properties of crude oils with various concentrations of resins, asphaltenes, and paraffin hydrocarbons was examined. It was found that magnetic treatment leads to substantial changes in the paramagnetic, antioxidant, and viscosity characteristics of paraffin-base and high-viscosity oils. A factor that characterizes the quantity of inhibition centers increases with an increase in the amount of alcohol-benzene-extractable resins in the oils. The time of complete recovery of paramagnetic and antioxidant properties coincides with the recovery time of the rheological characteristics of petroleum.
Chemical Metallurgy: Principles and Practice
Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgements. Appreciation. 1. Acquaintance. 2. Mineral Processing. 3. Thermodynamics and Kinetics. 4. Pyrometallurgy. 5. Hydrometallurgy. 6. Electrometallurgy. 7. Energy and Environment. Subject Index.