Combustion properties of Rowan wood impregnated with various chemical materials
The common use of Rowan wood (Sorbus aucuparia Lipsky) in the forest products industry of Turkey, was evaluated for some of the combustion properties after impregnation with various chemical materials. For this purpose, the wood test samples prepared from Rowan wood materials according to TS 345 were treated with Tanalith-E, Vacsol-Azure, Imersol-Aqua and Boron compounds (Borax and Boric asid) by the vacuum impregnation process in accordance with ASTM D-1413 standards and directives of the manufacturer. After impregnation, each sample was tested for observation of retention amount and combustion properties (ASTM E 160-50). It has been proven that combustion properties of the impregnated Rowan wood materials were affected by impregnated materials. As a result, combustion temperature was measured as highest in Imersol Aqua (458.686°C) and the lowest in Borax (439.023°C). The impact of impregnation material decreases after the ignition and the main impact was in flame sourced combustion. In addition, boric acid reduces the material loss in combustion, ensuring that the material is more resistant to sudden collapse and destruction. As a result, it appears that impregnation of wood material with appropriate boron treatment will further increase combustion temperatures and provide additional fire resistance and a degree of security. 
 
   
 
 Key words: Rowan wood, combustion properties, Tanalith-E, Vacsol-Azure, Imersol-Aqua, Boron compounds.
Impacts of coating with various varnishes after impregnation with boron compounds on the combustion properties of Uludag fir
This study was performed to determine the effects of varnishing after impregnation with boron compounds on combustion properties of Uludag Fir. For this purpose, the test samples prepared from Uludag fir (Abies Bornmulleriana Mattf.) wood were impregnated according to ASTM D 1413-99 with boric acid (Ba) and borax (Bx) by vacuum technique. After impregnation, surfaces were coated by cellulosic (Cv), synthetic (Sn), polyurethane (Pu), waterborne (Wb), acrylic (Ac), and acid hardening (Ah) varnishes in accordance to ASTM D 3023. Combustion properties of samples after varnishing process were determined according to ASTM E 160-50. According to material and process type, combustion temperature was highest in without flame source combustion (WFSC), Bx, and Wb but the lowest in flame source combustion (FSC), Ba, and Pu. For the combination of combustion type, impregnation material and varnish type, combustion temperature was the highest in WFSC + Ba + Wb combination but the lowest in WFSC + Ba + Cv combination. Consequently, the tested varnishes showed an increasing impact but boron compounds (Ba and Bx) showed a decreasing impact on combustion properties of Uludag fir wood. In consequence, for usage areas having a high risk of fire, impregnation of wood material with boron compounds before varnishing will decrease combustion temperature and provide security. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Evaluation of Impact of Yarn Count and Stitch Length on Pilling, Abrasion, Shrinkage and Tightness Factor of 1 ? 1 Rib Cotton Knitted Fabrics
This study investigates the impact of yarn count and stitch length of 100% cotton knitted fabrics. 1 × 1 ribs structured fabrics were used in this research work. The stitch length 2.50 mm, 2.52 mm, 2.60 mm, 2.70 mm, 2.80 mm and 2.96 mm were used of the yarn count of 26Ne, 28Ne and 36Ne. The areal densities of the grey fabrics were in various amounts. The impacts of yarn count and stitch length were measured concerning pilling resistance, abrasion resistance, and shrinkage and tightness factor. The result showed that the fabric pilling grade decreased while number of cycle increased. Abrasion resistance decreased but length wise shrinkage increased despite the fact that the stitch length increased. The results also exposed that the tightness factor of the fabric increased with the increase of the stitch length in both dyeing and washing state and finished state compared to grey state for the yarn count 26Ne and homogeneous result not found for yarn count 28Ne and 36 Ne. Evaluation of Impact of Yarn Count and Stitch Length on Pilling, Abrasion, Shrinkage and Tightness Factor of 1 × 1 Rib Cotton Knitted Fabrics