Development of a hardware-software system for the experimental study of the ferromagnetic groove carrying conductor surface
The paper presents the results of an experimental study of the ferromagnetic groove electromagnetic field based on a developed laboratory bench equipped with a hardware — software measuring system. A technique for determining the current density in the conductor cross-section by measuring the magnetic field induction when immersing two types of sensors (frameless fine measuring coil and Hall sensor of a digital millislotometer) has been implemented for various depths inside the groove. The use of a measuring coil as a sensor makes it possible to obtain the current density distribution over the conductor height through the procedure of integrating the voltage proportional to the EMF induced in the measuring coil using a LabVIEW environment-built in a digital integrator. Measurement of magnetic field induction by the Hall digital sensor at a laboratory bench provides the measuring coil verification and the reliability of the experimental study results determination. With the help of the hardware-software complex, a distribution of the current density and magnetic induction along the conductor height in the ferromagnetic groove is obtained at a laboratory bench. The results of an experimental investigation of the surface effect are compared with the results of calculating the alternating magnetic field of a conductor with a current in a ferromagnetic groove in the Elcut 5.6 program complex. The active and the inductive conductor resistance at the industrial frequency are determined.
The Study of the Electrical Steel and Amorphous Ferromagnets Magnetic Properties
Abstract Materials with special magnetic characteristics are applied in various fields of industry. For instance, magnetic materials having the rectangular hysteresis loop are used in logics and computer science elements. In recent years, owing to obtained by the controlled crystallization from amorphous state nanomaterials properties studying, the soft magnetic materials with improved magnetic properties compared to the traditional amorphous alloys ones were obtained. The alloys possess the low coercive force and high magnetic permeability, besides, the above-mentioned materials have low magnetic reversal losses that provides their wide application as the transformer cores, pulse power supply sources. Magnetic materials along with semiconductors and dielectrics are important for electronic industry, therefore they require to be specially considered. Until recently such magnetic materials as crystal metal alloys, intermetallics and oxides (ferrites, etc.) were investigated. However, amorphous metals and alloys magnetism is intensively studied currently and some areas of amorphous magnets practical application are obviously observed. Nowadays, soft magnetic tape amorphous ferro- and ferrimagnetic materials representing the alloys of transitional metals and metalloids are widely used. The scientific problem of such materials obtaining by fast cooling from the liquid state is now becoming an important applied branch of engineering. One could confirm that the crystal magnetic materials era will be followed by the new magnetic metal materials era i.e. amorphous alloys. The object of the paper is the ferromagnetic materials magnetic characteristics studying through the digital method by the LabView software package applying. The description of normal magnetization curve control and measurement traditional methods (the magnetic induction dependence on the magnetic field intensity) is presented in the paper. The W-shaped core made of electrical steel and the ring-shaped one representing an amorphous alloy were used as the samples. The scheme of the experiment and its conducting description is offered. The hardware and software measuring complex was developed and the software allowing to obtain normal magnetization curve numerical values and to define the losses at magnetic reversal was implemented.
PULSE: a high-repetition-rate linac driver for x-ray FELs
We describe a staged concept for a linac-based freeelectron laser providing coherent tuneable VUV and soft X-ray output with pulse lengths down to 10 fs or less. Use of 1.3 GHz cryomodules operated with CW RF will allow flexible pulse patterns at potentially very high repetition rates up to 1 MHz. We consider the options for FELs that may be included in a facility of this type.