Distribution of Ground Fault Currents Along Transmission Lines -- An Improved Algorithm
The calculation of fault current distribution between ground wires and ground is important for the operation of modern power systems. A new method is presented based on an approach whereby the current distribution is solved through the computation of driving-point impedances. The method is applied to three phase systems with mutual couplings between conductors (phase and ground, respectively) included. Currents computed by this method and methods published in recent literature are compared and are found in good agreement. Results show that the method is more efficient in terms of CPU time and memory space.
Experimental and Numerical Study of Division Factors of Fault Current and Measuring Current Due to Ground Wires of Transmission Lines
Due to the shunting action of the overhead ground wires of transmission lines or the neutral conductors connected to substation grounding, evaluating the ground wire division factors is a key step while designing the substation ground system or measuring the grounding resistance. In this paper, the principle and calculation models of the fault current division factor and the measuring current division factor are analyzed. The distinctions and relations of the two division factors are discussed. A method to evaluate the fault current division factor based on the measuring current division factor is put forward. Both the fault current division factor and the measuring current division factor are measured in a 220-/110-kV substation. The simulation results are in good agreement with the measured ones.
A Historical Introduction to the Law of Obligations
1 PROLOGUE: THE PREHISTORY OF THE ENGLISH LAW OF OBLIGATIONS 2 STRUCTURAL FOUNDATIONS 3 UNITY AND FRAGMENTATION OF THE MEDIAEVAL LAW OF CONTRACT 4 TRESPASS, TRESPASS ON THE CASE, AND THE MEDIAEVAL LAW OF TORT 5 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAW OF TORTS 6 THE SUBSTANTIVE LAW OF CONTRACT PART 2 THE TRIUMPH OF TRESPASS ON THE CASE 7 TORT, PROPERTY, AND REPUTATION: THE EXPANSION OF THE ACTION ON THE CASE 8 THE RISE OF THE ACTION OF ASSUMPSIT PART 3 THE MODERN LAW OF TORT AND CONTRACT 9 TRESPASS, CASE, AND THE MORAL BASIS OF LIABILITY 10 THE LAW OF TORTS IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY: THE RISE OF THE TORT OF NEGLIGENCE 11 THE LAW OF TORTS IN THE TWENTIETH CENTURY: EXPANSION AND COLLAPSE OF THE TORT OF NEGLIGENCE 12 FOUNDATIONS OF THE MODERN LAW OF CONTRACT 13 THE RISE OF THE WILL THEORY THE WILL THEORY AND THE CLASSICAL MODEL OF CONTRACT 14 THE DECLINE OF THE WILL THEORY: LEGAL REGULATION AND CONTRACTUAL FAIRNESS PART 4 UNJUST ENRICHMENT 15 UNJUST ENRICHMENT 16 LEGAL CHANGE AND LEGAL CONTINUITY