Window effect on wall penetration loss in mobile communications
In mobile communication scenarios, a window opening on a wall enhances the field strength inside the room, as compared to a whole wall. Scarce models in the literature address this topic, or objectively quantify this effect relating it to window dimensions - this is the objective of the present paper. Wall and window are treated as an antenna aperture with the appropriate field distribution, which re-radiates its near field into the room. Measurements on a scaled model of a wall with different window sizes show good agreement with simulations. Based on simulation results, a statistical model is constructed to enable fast quantification of the window effect through a "window gain" parameter.
Comparisons of UTD-Based and FK Models for Propagation Through Windows
Radio propagation through building windows is an important mechanism since windows can act as a low-loss propagation path, channeling radio signals into buildings. This letter presents a brief review and analysis of existing deterministic methods for radio propagation through windows. The performance of each different model is briefly described and comparatively analyzed, focusing on the geometry/uniform theory of diffraction (GTD/UTD) method and Fresnel-Kirchhoff (FK) diffraction model. Advantages and disadvantages of each method in terms of efficiency and accuracy are discussed.
Analysis of composite walls and their effects on short-path propagation modeling
For short-propagation paths, correctly representing reflections of electromagnetic energy from surfaces is critical for accurate signal-level predictions. In this paper, the method of homogenization is used to determine the effective material properties of composite materials commonly used in construction. The reflection coefficients for block walls and other types of materials calculated with these homogenized effective material properties are presented. The importance of accurately representing the reflections for signal-level prediction models is also investigated. It is shown that a 5-10-dB error in received signal strength (RSS) can occur if the composite walls are not handled appropriately. Such accurate predictions of signal propagation over a short distance is applicable to microcellular personal communications services deployments in urban canyons as well as indoor wireless private branch exchanges and local-area networks.