Adsorption behavior of propylamine on activated carbon fiber surfaces as induced by oxygen functional complexes.
In this study, the surfaces of activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were modified by nitric acid to introduce surface oxygen complexes and to observe the influence of those complexes on the propylamine adsorption of the ACFs. It was found that the oxygen complexes including carboxylic and phenolic groups were predominantly increased, resulting in the increase of total surface acidity. However, the specific surface areas and the total pore volumes of the modified ACFs were decreased by 5-8% due to the increased blocking (or demolition) of micropores in the presence of newly introduced complexes. Despite the decrease of textural properties, it was found that the amount of propylamine adsorbed by the modified ACFs was increased by approximately 17%. From the XPS results, it was observed that propylamine reacted with strong or weak acidic groups, such as COOH or OH, on the ACF surfaces, resulting in the formation of pyrrolic-, pyridonic-, or pyridine-like structures.
Electrochemical supercapacitor behaviour of functionalized candle flame carbon soot
The electrochemical supercapacitor behaviour of bare, washed and nitric acid functionalized candle flame carbon soots were reported. Crystallinity and the morphology of the candle soots were recorded using X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The nitric acid functionalized candle soot showed an improved Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area of 137.93 from 87.495 m2 g−1 of washed candle soot. The presence of various functional groups in candle soots and the development of oxygen functionalities in the functionalized candle soot were examined through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis. Raman spectra showed the characteristic peaks corresponding to the D (diamond) and G (graphite) phase of carbon present in the candle soots. The electrochemical characterization was performed by cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge/discharge test and impedance spectroscopy in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte. The functionalized candle soot electrode showed an enhanced specific capacitance value of 187 F g−1 at 0.15 A g−1 discharge current density, which is much higher than that of bare and washed candle soot electrodes.
Handbook of air pollution technology
This handbook presents essential principles design methods, examples data, and guides to more information on air pollution and its control. Topics considered include: effects of air pollutants on plants; effects of air pollutants on the atmosphere; particulate pollutant characteristics; control of gases by combustion; particle particle control by scrubbing; control of particulates by electrostatic precipitation; control costs; unconventional fuels; emission control in internal combustion engines; source control--Ferrous Metallurgy; source control--mineral processing; source control--chemical; source control feed; control of fugitive emissions; sampling and analysis of ambient gases; plume opacity; atmospheric dispersion; air pollution standards and regulation; and information resources.