The reticulation of a hoop Cheptea
In this paper we study the hoops, ordered structures introduced by B. Bosbach under the name of complemented semigroups. We built a reticulation of a hoop, which is a bounded distributive lattice such that there exists a homeomorphism between the prime spectrum of the hoop and the prime spectrum of the lattice. We find an axiomatic definition of the reticulation and we prove the existence of it. We prove the unicity of the reticulation modulo a lattices isomorphism. We built a covariant functor between the category of bounded distributive lattices and the category of bounded hoops, which allows us to obtain new properties from the properties of lattices.
Reticulation of a 0-distributive Lattice
A congruence relation θ on a 0-distributive lattice is defined such that the quotient lattice L/θ is a distributive lattice and the prime spectrum of L and of L/θ are homeomorphic. Also it is proved that the minimal prime spectrum (maximal spectrum) of L is homeomorphic with the minimal prime spectrum (maximal spectrum) of L/θ.
Trade, exchange rate, and agricultural pricing policies in Thailand
Thailand is still largely an agricultural country. In 1984, agricultural work was still the main source of earnings for more than 70 percent of the population. For much of the 25 year period covered by this report, government intervention in the prices of rice, maize, and natural rubber was extensive. For these products, intervention took the form of explicit export taxes and restrictive quotas. Sugar, on the other hand, was imported until 1960. For many years prior to that, government policy was to encourage growers and thus achieve self-sufficiency. One conclusion of this study is that the Thai sugar industry would have shrunk dramatically if the government had refrained from intervention. Intervention in the prices of rice and natural rubber had the effect of penalizing farm producers by reducing their output prices. There was, as a consequence a shift of resources towards Thailand's small industrial sector. In 1981, the Thai government lifted its quota restrictions, and liberalized its trade by eliminating its intervention in the maize, rice, sugar and natural rubber markets. Unfortunately for export growers, however, the gradual elimination of intervention was overshadowed by sharp declines in the world prices of Thailand's major agricultural exports.