5 p-CHOLESTANE · 3 a , 27-DIOL : NAD + OXIDOREDUCTASE AND 3 a-HYDROXY-5 p-CHOLESTAN-27-AL : NAD + OXIDOREDUCT ASE IN RAT LIVER EXTRACT * )
Using rat liver alcohol:NAD+ oxidoreductase and aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase, the following facts were found: 1) 3a-hydroxy-5~-cholestan-27-al was reduced to 5fi -cholestane-3a, 27-diol by liver alcohol: NAD+ oxidoreductase. 2) The optimum pH was pH 7. 0 with potassium phosphate buffer and pH 8. 5 with Tris buffer. 3) The Km value of the substrate to the enzyme was 14. 3 μM. 4) 3a-Hydroxy5fi-cholestan-27al was oxidized to 3a-hydroxy5fi-cholestan27-oic acid by liver aldehyde: NAD+ oxidoreductase. 5) The optimum pH was pH 8. 5 with Tris buffer. 6) The Km value of the substrate to the enzyme was 26. 3 μM.
Horse liver 3 ,7 ,12 -trihydroxy-5 -cholestan-26-al dehydrogenase as a liver aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Abstract 3α,7α,12α-Trihydroxy-5β-cholestan-26-al dehydrogenase (3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestan-26-al + NAD+ + H2O → 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestan-26-oic acid + NADH + H+) in a soluble fraction of horse liver was studied. 1. 1. Horse liver 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestan-26-al dehydrogenase consists of two components, the major one of which was purified about 70-fold by (NH4)2SO4 fractionation, gel filtration, ion-exchange column chromatography and hydroxylapatite column chromatography. 2. 2. 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestan-26-al dehydrogenase was always accompanied by liver aldehyde:NAD oxidoreductase (EC 1.2.1.3) activity, and the ratio of these two enzyme activities was not altered by purification. 3. 3. Both 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestan-26-al dehydrogenase and horse liver aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase were reduced to a similar extent on inactivation of the purified enzyme by heating or by incubation with p-chloromercuribenzoate. 4. 4. The Km value for NAD+ of 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestan-26-al dehydrogenase was found to be roughly equal to that of liver aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase. 5. 5. The possibility was discussed that both 3α,7α,12α-trihydroxy-5β-cholestan-26-al dehydrogenase and liver aldehyde:NAD+ oxidoreductase activities may be due to a single protein.
Unity Identity Text Self
Abstract Understanding the receptivity of literature, how one work admits many readers, begins with an analogy: unity is to text as identity is to self. Unity here means the way all a text’s features can be related through one central theme. Identity describes a person’s sameness within different behaviors as variations on one identity theme (Lichtenstein). To find unity or identity, however, the interpreter himself plays a behavioral variation on his identity theme. In interpreting, his identity re-creates itself as he shapes the text to match his characteristic defenses, fantasies, and coherences. Thus, what a poet says about fictional, political, or scientific texts expresses the same identity theme as the poems he writes. To understand reading, criticism, and any knowing or making in symbols, then, we need to let go the Cartesian craving for objectivity and accept the themes in ourselves with which we construe the world—including literary works.