The prognosis for satellite television in the UK
Abstract The likely impact of satellite television in the UK has been much exaggerated. The impact is, and will continue to be, conditional on the nature of competitive services of which terrestrially broadcast television is overwhelmingly the most important. If the UK terrestrial services remain unchanged a limited impact of satellite television is envisaged. Television satellites offer a technical potential to deliver additional services in national markets or to deliver a transnational, European, service. But the difficulties of profitably establishing either are considerable. Linguistic and cultural differences in Europe inhibit development of a transnational audience and as yet there are insufficient transnational ‘European’ brands to finance services through advertising. Finance of satellite services by subscription entails significant transaction costs.
How Much Does UK Television Cost
The cost of watching off-air TV programmes (BBC or ITV) for the average UK viewer is about 2p per viewing hour.
Alcohol Advertising: Orientations and Influence
The paper presents an analysis of the effects of televised alcohol beverage advertising on the consumption of alcohol among a sample of US teenagers. While no effects of exposure on total consumption are demonstrated for the total sample, consistent with other research on alcohol advertising effects, the present analysis reveals the importance of ‘orientations towards advertising’ as linkages between exposure and consumption behaviour. Specifically, a social utility orientation, involving learning of normative expectations about drinking, and a vicarious utility orientation, involving identification with models in alcohol beverage commercials, are shown to be mediating factors which condition the effects of advertising exposure.‘Alcohol Advertising: Content and Controversy’, by the same author, appeared in the last issue of this journal.