Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Consumption and Trade in Urban Kenya: Implications For Policy and Investment Priorities
This study looks at the urban consumption patterns of fresh fruits and vegetables and the major supply chain systems used in the distribution of fresh produce. The study integrates issues of supply chain organization and performance into the analysis of consumer demand for fresh produce. In particular, the study looks at how system organization and performance affects the ability of the system to satisfy consumer demand for fresh produce. The study pursues these main objectives, namely, to estimate the household consumption of fruits and vegetables per adult equivalent; to examine the shopping patterns of fresh produce consumers as compared to other food purchases; and to examine the various supply chain systems for fresh produce.
Factors influencing the choice of supermarket channel by smallholder vegetable farmer suppliers in Nairobi and Kiambu Counties, Kenya
The increasing demand for high-value food products in developing countries is creating incentives for expansion of supermarket chains as an alternative marketing system to the traditional marketing channels. However, smallholder farmers especially those in the vicinity of the urban cities and county capital townships in Kenya do not use supermarket channels effectively due to a number of factors. The purpose of this study is to determine the factors influencing the choice of participation in the supermarket supply channel as compared to that of traditional market channel. Data for the study were collected from a sample of 120 farmers 60 supplying to supermarket supply chains and 60 supplying to traditional marketing channels. Multistage random sampling procedure was used to construct the sample. Descriptive statistics and the logit regression model were used as the methods of analysis. The results reveal that farmers participating in supermarket supply chain have significantly higher value of revenues, farm sizes, number of labourers, labour costs and input costs as compared to those supplying to traditional markets. Ultimately they had a higher gross margin of Kshs 35,346.00 compared to a loss of Kshs 1847.00 realized by the farmers supplying to traditional markets. Empirical results of the logit model indicated that the marginal probabilities for farm size, labour cost, education level, extension assistance, method of supply, group participation and formation of a supply relationship significantly influenced the choice of supermarket supply chain. Hence public and private policy needs to support the development of smallholder technical, social and institutional environments that can help them to get over the scale problem. Supermarkets can help in a number of ways such as providing technical and financial support, reviewing buying practices and treating smallholder farmers as equal partners.
Hispanic marketing : connecting with the new latino consumer
* Cultural Marketing: A new understanding * The Composition of the Hispanic/Latino market * The Latino Essense of "Hispanic" * Language Considerations in Marketing to US Hispanics * Enculturation, Acculturation, and Assimilation: A Bicultural Horizon * Latino Subjective Culture: Insights for Positioning * Culturally Informed Research among Latinos * The U.S. Hispanic Marketing Industry * The Digital World of U.S. Latinos * Latino Consumers and the Future of U.S. Marketing