Green Road Approach for the Sustainable Development in India
Road transport is considered to be one of the cost effective and preferred modes oftransport for both freight and passengers. India has an extensive road network of 4.24million km– the second largest in the world (MoRTH, 2005). The National Highways havea total length of 70,934 km and serve as the arterial road network of the country. It isestimated that more than 70 per cent of freight and 85 per cent of passenger traffic in thecountry is being handled by roads. While Highways/ Expressways constitute only about 2% of the length of all roads, rest are state highway, major district road , district roads andrural and other road which is consider as low volume road.Growing public awareness of climate change requires transportation professionals tointegrate green concepts into the transportation planning, design, construction, andoperation processes.Green highways are a relatively new concept although the implementation of technologiesinvolved in green highway design has been encouraged for many years. A green road maynot look like normal road at first glance, but with closer inspection a driver will noticesubtle difference. More plant life grows along the shoulder, and more trees are planted aswildlife buffers and ridding quality. In towns, highways become more aestheticallypleasing, and in rural areas highways become a more natural part of the environment agreen highway can be defined by five broad topics such as Conservation and EcosystemManagement, Water Shed Driven Strong Water Management, Life Cycle Energy andEmissions Reduction, Recycles Reuse And Renewable, Overall Societal Benefits.This paper describes the factor affecting of green road and construction process ofwearing course of pavement through Microsurfacing which reduce the both direct andindirect cost. Microsurfacing is environmental friendly which reduce the greenhouse gasand fuel consummation.
Evaluation of the use of steel slag in microsurfacing 1 2
10 Microsurfacing is a type of bituminous coating applied in pavement in order to prevent 11 and maintain it. Microsurfacing has succesfully been used in states of Brazil and also in many 12 countries all over the world. Local aggregates used for microsurfacing composition are in 13 some cases scarce and expensive. This situation has motivated researchers to study new 14 materials to be used concerning bituminous wearing course. Therefore, the main objective of 15 the present research is to verify the technical, economic and environmental viability of using 16 steel slag in microsurfacing applications. To reach the main objective, a laboratory procedure 17 was developed in four steps. In the first step, the collection and characterization of 18 conventional and alternative aggregate (steel slag) and polymer-modified emulsified asphalt 19 were made. In the second step, mix project, surface abrasion resistance and set time tests were 20 performed. In the third step, the microsurfacing performance was analyzed by a laboratory 21 traffic simulator. In the fourth step, a comparative study of costs concerning microsurfacing 22 application using conventional and alternative aggregates were performed. The laboratory 23 procedure results indicated that the alternative aggregate studied has the potential to be used 24 in microsurfacing aplications with high quality and cost reduction. 25 26
People and Society in Scotland
People and society in Scotland: a social history ofmodern Scotland, vol. I, 1760-1830, ed. T. M. Devine and R. Mitchison (John Donald in association with the Economic and Social History Society of Scotland, Edinburgh, 1988), pp. xii, 316. £10.00; vol. II, 1830-1914, ed. W. Hamish Fraser and R. J. Morris (Edinburgh, 1990), pp. xvi, 362. £12.50; vol. Ill, 1914-1990, ed. T. Dickson and J. H. Treble (Edinburgh, 1992), pp. xi, 287. £15.00.