Hydraulic Energy Dissipators - A Review
Hydraulic Energy dissipators are devices to protect downstream areas of basin from erosion by reducing the velocity of flow up to an acceptable limit. The stilling basins are transition structures fabricated to dissipate excess energy confined by flow with high velocity at the outlet of conduit or tunnel so that the flow beyond the basin does not threaten the firmness of bed and banks of downstream channel in structures like culvert spillways, canal, etc. from scouring. Henceforth proper attention needed by hydraulic engineers for t he design of energy dissipators so as to obtain optimum energy dissipation at outlet. The type of stilling basin most suitable at a particular location mainly depends upon initial velocity of flow and initial Froude Number. This paper describe about the different type of energy dessipators with different appurtanances used in hydraulic structures for protection work.
Development of Efficient Stilling Basins for Pipe Outlets
The results of experimental work leading to the development of shorter and improved stilling basins for pipe outlets are reported. The original USBR impact type VI stilling basin incorporates a floor that is depressed below the invert elevation of the pipe outlet. In the present study, efforts are made to develop an efficient stilling basin keeping the floor at the invert elevation of the pipe outlet. Experiments were conducted for two pipe diameters with Froude numbers ranging from 1.70 to 5.50. The new models were developed by conducting systematic experiments on a large number of stilling basins with different configurations of the appurtenances such as the splitter block, impact wall, baffle blocks, and end sill in terms of their shapes, sizes, and locations. A performance number has been defined to compare the performances of various stilling basins using a constant experimental running time and same erodible material for each model. The shapes and sizes of various appurtenances and corresponding performance results are presented. The performance of the newly developed efficient and economical stilling basins are compared with the performance of the USBR impact type VI stilling basins for pipe outlets within the range of the Froude numbers tested.
First Insights into the Draft Genome Sequence of the Endophyte Paenibacillus amylolyticus Strain GM1FR, Isolated from Festuca rubra L.
ABSTRACT Paenibacillus amylolyticus strain GM1FR is an endophyte isolated from aerial plant tissues of Festuca rubra L. Here, we report the draft genome sequence (7.3 Mb) of GM1FR containing 6,241 protein-coding genes, some of which are potentially involved in plant growth promotion and biocontrol.