Effects of Discharge Fan on the Drying Efficiency in Flat-bed type Dryer
— The study of interaction among the grain, moisture, and the surrounding space (air) is key to understanding the grain-drying process. In Iran, rice (mostly Indica type) is dried by flat bed type dryer until the final MC reaches to 6 to 8%. The experiments were conducted to examine the effect of application of discharge fan with different heights of paddy on the drying efficiency. Experiments were designed based on two different configurations of the drying methods; with and without discharge fan with three different heights of paddy including; 5, 10, and 15 cm. The humid heated air will be going out immediately by the suction of discharge fan. The drying time is established upon the average final MC to achieve about 8%. To save energy and reduce the drying time, the distribution of temperature between layers should be fast and uniform with minimum difference; otherwise the difference of MC gradient between layers will be high and will induce grain breakage. The difference of final MC between layers in the two methods was 48-73%. The steady state of temperature between the two methods has saved time in the range of 10-20%, and the efficiency of temperature distribution increased 17-26% by the use of discharge fan.
Quality maintenance and economy with high-temperature paddy-drying processes
Drying processes result in some loss of product quality. Three drying systems for paddy were investigated for their effects on head-rice yield and whiteness. Fluidised-bed drying, tempering and ambient air ventilation units were the main components, but they were arranged differently in each drying system. Heat- and mass-transfer equations were applied to predict the change in moisture content for each drying system. Both the experiments and simulations indicated that the two sub-drying systems (system No. 2) with tempering and ventilation as elements of each stage yielded higher drying capacity and thermal efficiency than the single drying system (system No. 1), in which paddy was treated with the drying, tempering and ventilation units only once. The proportion of full kernels and value of the whiteness obtained from both drying systems were not significantly different. System No. 3, where grains after the first tempering were dried immediately by the second fluidised-bed dryer with no ventilation unit, produced poor head-rice yield and colour and was unacceptable for producing white rice.
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