Control model of energy flow in agricultural biogas plant using SCADA software
The article presents a model of controlling the flow of energy in agricultural biogas plant. Control model was made on the basis of a shared project biogas power plant. Biogas plant control algorithm modeled using SCADA software and an analysis of cost performance and life of the investment have been presented.
Towards Characterization of Indoor Environment in Smart Buildings: Modelling PMV Index Using Neural Network with One Hidden Layer
Modelling of comfort with the use of neural networks in modern times has become extremely popular. In recent years, scientists have been using these methods because of their satisfactory accuracy. The article proposes a method of modelling feedforward neural networks, thanks to which it is possible to obtain the most efficient network with one hidden layer in terms of a given quality criterion. The article also presents the methodology for modelling a PMV index, on the basis of which it can be demonstrated whether the network will work properly not only on paper but in reality as well. The objective of this work is to develop a performance model allowing the effective improvement of all electrical and mechanical devices affecting the energy efficiency and indoor environment in smart buildings. To achieve this, several attributes of indoor environment are included, namely: air leakage as a connection to the outdoor environment, but also as uncontrolled component of energy, ventilation as delivery and distribution of fresh air in the building space, individual ventilation on demand indoor air quality (IAQ) in the dwelling or as a personal IAQ control, source control of pollutants in the building, thermal comfort, temperature, air movement and humidity control (humidity modifiers, i.e., buffers different from the air conditioning radiation from cold and hot surfaces bringing forward a question about the strategy of the process control. One may either develop a series of control models to be synthesized later or one can use one over-arching characteristic and use its components for operating the control system. The paper addresses the second strategy and uses the concept of PMV for a criterion of broadly defined thermal comfort (including ventilation and air quality).
Accurate measurements of output characteristics and detonations of motorbike high-speed racing engine and their optimization at actual atmospheric conditions and combusted mixture composition
Abstract At a motorbike high speed racing engine there is very important an output engine characteristics which depends significantly on a detonation combustion rate, atmospheric conditions and a combusted mixture composition. The combustion process has got a relevant influence on a wear degree of main engine parts or on their damage eventually. The detonation combustion rate is very important because this kind of burning can be not only destructive but a useful phenomenon, as well. If the process of detonation burning is kept on a certain level, it can help significantly to the next increasing of an engine power output. In this article there is described the measurements of output characteristics of a high-speed racing engine which were performed by means of a data-recording system and the detonation combustion was evaluated using a quantitative method. The actual values of atmospheric conditions and the mixture composition were added to the measured values. Then the obtained values are compared visually with a damage degree of an engine piston caused by the detonation burning. The result is a limit value expressed in a number of detonation units related to a run distance interval of the vehicle driven by the high-speed racing engine. In framework of this run distance interval there is the process of detonation burning profitable. As well as it increases an engine power output and together it is not destructive with regard to engine design parts.