Maremoto de 1960, sacrificio humano y restablecimiento del equilibrio en el Wallmapu
The sacrifice of the mapuche boy Jose Painecur in the event of the 1960´s seaquake is analyzed related to the mapuche culture vision about the death and the own law exercise, in a context of interculturality and of colonization from the chilean occidental society. The perceptions of the press, the judicial system, social sciences, and the mapuche agents about the case of sacrifice, are presented in an multiple overview in order to show a distinction between the mapuche culture and the chilean occidental culture, especially in the principles of balance and reciprocity with nature, the origin of mapuche own law in it and the function of their own cultural agents in the political and spiritual fields. From this last version, the case is presented by the authors as a transcendental action of reestablishment of balance of the mapuche world.
De la importancia del Don como fundamento para las relaciones sociales en las comunidades Mapuche de Argentina
At a first glance, the Mapuche communities of the province of Neuquen (Argentina) give us the image of being atomized into different domestic groups with a ...
Dopamine Release is Involved in Antinociceptive Effect of Theophylline
ABSTRACT The methylxanthines, e.g., theophylline, are widely used for the treatment of bronchial asthma. Additionally, a pain relieving effect of theophylline has been reported in patients as well as in experimental animals. The mechanism of this antinociceptive action is not clear. In this study, involvement of dopaminergic system in theophylline-induced antinociception was evaluated using tail flick test model. Swiss albino mice, (either sex, weighing 25–30 g) with base line tail flick latencies (TFL) between 2.0 and 3.5 s, were used. TFL was recorded before and at intervals of 15, 30, 45, and 60 min. after drug treatment. The experimental protocol was duly approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India. To determine the role of dopaminergic system, the mice were pretreated with either D1 or D2 dopaminergic receptor antagonists SCH 23390 and haloperidol, respectively, prior to treatment with theophylline. Another group of animals received apomorphine along with theophylline. The dose of theophylline used, i.e., 10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.), had shown a significant increase in TFLs. The theophylline-induced antinociception, 10 mg/kg, i.p., was reversed by pretreatment with both D1 and D2 dopaminergic receptor antagonists SCH 23390 and haloperidol as well as with apomorphine (1 mg/kg) pretreatment. The results suggest that theophylline-induced antinociception is due to release of dopamine.