Two instruments for retrograde root filling.
Abstract Two hand instruments are described which, used in combination, simplify the placement of a retrograde amalgam seal after apicectomy.
Instruments for placing an amalgam apical seal.
Abstract Amalgam instruments for reverse root filling are described. Their effectiveness as carriers is based on the adhesion between small freshly mixed amalgam pellets and the gold soldered to the ends of the instrument.
Application of 2μm Tm Laser on Biomedicine
Continuous wave Thulium laser emits at wavelength of 2.0 mm, which is well suited for tissue ablationand thermally stimulating cutaneous nerves due to its high absorption by water. 2 mm laser can be transmitted suffi-ciently by common quartz fibers and it is safe for eyes. A brief introduction of principle of 2 mm CW Tm Laser is giv-en, analyzing the photothermal modeling of thulium laser-tissue interaction, comparing 2 mm CW Tm Laser with tradi-tional laser.