Colour centres in plasma-sprayed hydroxyapatite.
Very pure hydroxyapatite is diamagnetic and shows no electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum. Plasma-sprayed coatings made with such a pure hydroxyapatite contain paramagnetic point-defects. Irradiated deposits show a strong EPR absorption assigned to an O2- anion adjacent to a calcium vacancy, with anisotropic parameters, g1 = 2.004, g2 = 2.013 and g3 = 2.038. The EPR spectra and colour fade away following thermal annealing. These features are discussed in terms of point-defects in the hydroxyapatite crystal structure.
A novel theory of radiation damage at high doses
Abstract The deviations of radiation damage (in the case of metals usually monitored by the residual electrical resistivity) from proportionality to the irradiation dose have so far been analysed almost exclusively in terms of extensions of models originally developed for small doses. The present theory considers the opposite limit, i. e. the quasi-saturated state. It is argued that at high doses the Luck-Sizmann effect may result in a self-organization of clusters of vacancies and self-intersititials, forming a heterogeneous froth. Possible structures of this froth and its effect on the electrical resistivity of metals are discussed. The model is shown to account for the dependence of the “saturation resistivity” on the nature of the irradiation as well as for several other hitherto poorly explained observations. Among them are the electrical-resistivity variation induced by high-dose irradiation with heavy ions, the amorphization of certain alloys by high-dose electron irradiation, and the occurrence of...
Heavy metal adsorption from industrial wastewater by PAMAM/TiO2 nanohybrid: Preparation, characterization and adsorption studies
Abstract This study investigates the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater using TiO 2 nanoparticles modified with poly-amidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM, G 4 ). The metal ions Cu 2 + , Pb 2 + , and Cd 2 + were selected as model pollutants. FTIR, SEM, BET surface area and Zeta potential measurements, and Dispersion Observing methods have been employed for characterizing the synthetic nanohybrid and these techniques indicated that the PAMAM loaded on to TiO 2 have been favorably synthesized. The effects of several parameters including initial metal ion concentration, temperature, pH solution, the nanohybrid dosage and contact time were studied. The experimental data were analyzed using equilibrium isotherm and kinetics models. The adsorption process was studied using isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics models. The analysis shows that the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics are appropriate models for the adsorption process. The thermodynamic parameters illustrate that the absorption is endothermic and spontaneous. The findings suggest that the nanohybrid is a good super absorbent for the removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents.