Effect of potash application on growth, yield and yield components of spring maize hybrids
Productivity of spring maize hybrids was compared under different levels of potash at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture KPK Peshawar during spring, 2014. The experiment was carried out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Four levels of K2O @ 0, 60, 90 and 120 kg ha , and four spring maize hybrids viz., 30K08, 2031, CS200 and 3025 were studied. The texture of the experimental area soil was silty clay loam with alkaline nature (pH 7.5-7.8). The soil was deficient in total N (≤ 0.53g kg soil) and K (≤ 92 mg kg) soil. A uniform dose of 150 kg N ha and 90 kg P ha in the form of urea and DAP was applied. Nitrogen was applied in two equal splits i.e. 50% at sowing and 50% at 2 irrigation. Sulphate of potash was used as a source of potash. All K and P dose was applied at sowing time. Results exhibited that there was a considerable effect of K2O levels on plant height, leaf area and yield and yield components except number of ears plant and plants at harvest. Applying K2O at the level of 90 kg ha boosted yield and yield components yet increasing level of K2O above 90 90 kg ha had no profound effect. Among the hybrids, CS200 performed better by producing more grain and biological yield. Hence for obtaining higher grain yield, Hybrid-CS200 with application of K2O at the rate of @ 90 kg ha -1 is recommended. Keyword: Potash levels; spring maize hybrids; yield and yield components
Climate Change Impact on Physiological andMorphological Traits of Agronomic Crops
Climate change is a gigantic challenge and threat for food security throughout the globe. Climate change induced by human activities either by natural system manipulation like deforestation, urbanization, industrialization, diversion of behavior for comfortable life passing and by more greenhouse gases (GHG) emission for calmness in life. On the other hand with the calmness in life, changed the Earth’s atmosphere and produced aerosols (small particles), and cloudiness in the atmosphere. These aerosol caused global warming and effected agricultural productivity at regional level. There may be a vigorous growth of some crops in raised CO2 conditions, but there is a trade-off because as temperature rises seed production may be drop especially of maize and soybean in tropical regions. Shifting, vanishing and endangering of the marginal crops is increasing rapidly which a big challenge and threats towards food security. Average temperature of the Earth, Which has been increasing for many years [1]. In this Context present study was investigated at reginal level of district swat to evaluate the impact of changing climate on crop productivity at various location and crop responses to the changing climate. It was concluded and suggested that production of maize, soybean tomato, cucumber, squashes, peas, French bean [2], canola and pulses are vulnerable to extreme temperature and drought stress. Therefore climate change is a real fact confronting to agriculture productivity. So proper management with biochar, soil amendments, charcoal and other organic matter will might be promote root density, and will result in more number of roots having more water and nutrients absorption and will ultimately reduce the impact of changing climate [3-8].
SEASONAL AND REGIONAL MPG AS INFLUENCED BY ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND TRAVEL PATTERNS
In-use fuel economy shortfall varies regionally and seasonally in response to changing environmental conditions and travel patterns. Shortfall changes by 25 percent or more are associated with variation in miles travelled per day by in-use vehicles. Monthly variations in northern states are twice those in the south; air conditioning penalties also vary by region. Although regional difference in annual levels are relatively small, shortfall can increase by 16 percent in densely populated urban areas. These variations have been quantified in an analysis of time-series mpg data and related to variables commonly reported in fuel economy surveys.