A study of economic feasibility of Smart Community. - calculation of profit of Community Operator considering introduction of battery and co-generation systems
The idea of smart community which is expected to achieve effective utilization of energy at customer side, and contribute to stable operation of power system, for example peak shaving, et. is introduced recently. Since the smart community would optimize the local operation of the community that might affect the stable operation of distribution power system and whole power system, the development of cooperative operation method between community and power system is important. In order to develop the operation method of the community considering cooperation with power system, development of smart community model that is economically feasible is necessary. This report develops the economical evaluation model of smart community for arbitrary condition such as electricity price, purchasing price of generated power of PV, wheeling charge, et. and evaluate the economic efficiency of smart community. According to the evaluation results, a community operator can get benefit by operating community under the condition such as the lower penetration rate of PV, and higher rate of residential area that includes low voltage customers, in which the community operator can sell much electricity with expensive price to low voltage customers. By introducing co-generation system and utilizing exhaust heat for industrial area, the economic efficiency would increase and the community operator can get benefit from dealing with electricity transaction and selling exhaust heat to industrial customer. This paper also considers the Business Continuity Plan (BCP) and evaluates the maximum storage capacity under the condition that the community operator can get benefit, where the battery would be used for back-up power supply when the disaster occurred.
Smart energy community: A systematic review with metanalysis
Abstract Smart energy community, energy community or many other variants of this name has been researched since the 70s but has gained more prominence in the last decade. In order to better understand the concept of energy community and analyze the main research trends in this subject, it was performed a systematic literature review using six databases and a set of carefully chosen keywords obtained after preliminary analysis of energy community concept and its many variations. As a result, the literature review shows that there are many concepts and overlapping of definitions, which creates confusion between researches and readers and the need to standardize the terminology used. Results also highlight the need to analyze the synergistic improvement in multi-purpose energy communities and to research energy islands as smart communities in a way to simulate, create and implement solutions that can be adapt in land communities.
The Handbook of Nanotechnology: Business, Policy, and Intellectual Property Law
Acknowledgments. Foreword. Introduction. Part I: Introduction to Nanotechnology. Chapter 1: Understanding Nanotechnology. Chapter 2: The Industrial Structure Giving Rise to Nanotechnology. Part II: Nanotechnology Policy and Regulation. Chapter 3: Societal and Ethical Implications. Chapter 4: Environmental Regulation. Chapter 5: The Patent and Trademark Office. Chapter 6: FDA Regulation. Chapter 7: National Security and Export Controls. Chapter 8: Federal Funding. Chapter 9: Conclusions. Part III: Nanotechnology Business. Chapter 10: Starting a Nanotech Company. Chapter 11: Business Plans and Strategy. Chapter 12: Early Stage Financing. Chapter 13: Intellectual Property. Chapter 14: Corporate Partnering and Globalization. Chapter 15: Consolidation and Standardization. Chapter 16: Exit Opportunities. Chapter 17: Conclusions. Notes. About the Authors. Index.