Monoterpenoids from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Fruits
Three new acyclic monoterpenoids named (2E)-3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dienoate-6-O-α-l-arabinopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranoside (1), (3Z,6E)-3,7-dimethyl-3,6-octadiene-1,2,8-triol (2) and (6E)-7-methyl-3-methylene-6-octene-1,2,8-triol (3) were isolated from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus fruits, along with three known monoterpenoid compounds. The structures of the new compounds were determined by means of extensive spectroscopic analysis (1D, 2D NMR and HRESIMS) and chemical methods.
Optimization of Vacuum Freeze Drying of Anthocyanins from Acanthopanax sessiliflorus Fruits
Acanthopanax sessiliflorus fruits anthocyanins were prepared by vacuum freeze drying technology and the particle structure was studied. On the basis of single factor test the effects of drying pressure, material thickness and heating plate temperature on the drying anthocyanins were investigated by Box-Benhnken center composite design and response surface technology. The results showed that the optimum technical conditions were as follows: drying pressure 50 Pa, material thickness 8 mm and heating plate temperature 50°C. Under the optimum conditions, the drying rate was 19.37 g/(g·h), the anthocyanins retention rate was 82.88% and the moisture content was 4.13%. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analyses showed that the anthocyanins were flaky particles, uniform particle size with smooth surface.
Heat Recovery Systems
Geothermal energy is recovered from an underground zone of relatively hot strata via a borehole into which is inserted a heat pipe system containing a working fluid, the heat pipe system comprising an assembly of two tubes in concentric relation, the inner tube being constituted by a relatively small diameter capillary for the return of working fluid to the vicinity of the zone of the relatively hot strata. The working fluid is preferably assisted in its return under gravity by means of a pump. The system includes heat exchange means operable to recover thermal energy from the working fluid. A third and outermost tube may be used to reduce heat losses, this third tube enclosing the two tubes over all but that part of their length which is in the zone of relatively hot strata.