Geospatial data infrastructure: The development of metadata for geo-information in China
Stores of geoscience records are in constant flux. These stores are continually added to by new information, ideas and data, which are frequently revised. The geoscience record is in restrained by human thought and technology for handling information. Conventional methods strive, with limited success, to maintain geoscience records which are readily susceptible and renewable. The information system must adapt to the diversity of ideas and data in geoscience and their changes through time. In China, more than 400,000 types of important geological data are collected and produced in geological work during the last two decades, including oil, natural gas and marine data, mine exploration, geophysical, geochemical, remote sensing and important local geological survey and research reports. Numerous geospatial databases are formed and stored in National Geological Archives (NGA) with available formats of MapGIS, ArcGIS, ArcINFO, Metalfile, Raster, SQL Server, Access and JPEG. But there is no effective way to warrant that the quality of information is adequate in theory and practice for decision making. The need for fast, reliable, accurate and up-to-date information by providing the Geographic Information System (GIS) communities are becoming insistent for all geoinformation producers and users in China. Since 2010, a series of geoinformation projects have been carried out under the leadership of the Ministry of Land and Resources (MLR), including (1) Integration, update and maintenance of geoinformation databases; (2) Standards research on clusterization and industrialization of information services; (3) Platform construction of geological data sharing; (4) Construction of key borehole databases; (5) Product development of information services. "Nine-System" of the basic framework has been proposed for the development and improvement of the geospatial data infrastructure, which are focused on the construction of the cluster organization, cluster service, convergence, database, product, policy, technology, standard and infrastructure systems. The development of geoinformation stores and services put forward a need for Geospatial Data Infrastructure (GDI) in China. In this paper, some of the ideas envisaged into the development of metadata in China are discussed.
RESEARCH ON INTEGRATION AND SHARING SOLUTIONS FOR BIG STRUCTURED DATA FOR THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT
The data-intensive science, a new paradigm in scientific discovery, demands an urgent solution to integrate and share big marine environment data. Through the modeling of marine environmental features (such as Temperature, Salinity, Density et al.), a novel solution is presented in this paper. This solution employs Hadoop and Hbase, based on the Bigtable algorithm first proposed by Google Inc. By using hierarchical technology, scalability of the data integration framework is realized. Additionally, an efficient execution of various queries is realized by using the customized auxiliary index algorithm. In the experimental cluster environment constructed from four ordinary personal computers, experiments involving a huge amount of structured marine environmental data importing, cost-effective storage, and query processing were carried out successfully. The experimental results indicate that this solution to storing and sharing big data for the marine environment has the property of infinite lateral expansion, and is able to execute efficient and complicated query operations.
Archaeological Survey of Dangoyama Kofun by 3DGPR
We presented a three-dimensional ground penetrating radar (3DGPR) system for the archeological investigation in a harsh site, where we have to deal with many trees and/or great topographic variations. This system consists of a commercial GPR system with a laser positioning system. With this system, we can move the GPR antenna freely, on which a positioning detector can record accurate position for each GPR data trace. We applied our 3DGPR system at Dangoyama Kofun, a burial mound, in Fukushima prefecture, Japan. A lot of trees and bushes covered the survey area and cannot be cut. We acquired six datasets in two days in this area. We successfully imaged the boundary between the original surface of the burial mound and the covering soil clearly at about 0.3 m depth around the mound. Furthermore, we found some strong reflections appeared at 0.8 m depth in the top area of the mound, which can be from the artificial parts of the burial mound. The results would greatly aid the following archaeological excavation. In addition, we compared the non-interpolated depth slice with interpolated depth slice at same position and demonstrated that the interpolation process on threedimensional GPR data may introduce some artifacts which might mislead our interpretation.