Sesquiterpene lactones ofPseudohandelia umbellifera
Flowerheads of P. umbillifera collected in May 1976 in the Dzhizak oblast in the budding flowering phase were extracted with chloroform. The concentrated extract was dissolved in ethanol and the solution was diluted with water to give a 60% ethanolic solution. After a day, the precipitate that had deposited was separated off. The combined lactones were extracted with benzene from the filtrate after it had been treated with petroleum ether (to eliminate essential oil). The mixture of substances isolated was separated by chromatography on a column of alumina (activity grade IV) in a ratio of i:i0.
The Essential Oil Analysis of Pseudohandelia umbellifera (Boiss.) Tzvel. Growing in Iran
Abstract The volatile constituents of the oil of Pseudohandelia umbellifera (Bois.) Tzvel. flowering herb obtained by hydrodistillation, which growing in Iran were investigated by means of GC and GC-MS. Forty-eight compounds were characterized, comprising about 95.6 % of the total oil. Oxygenated sesquiterpenes (38.7 %) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (13.9 %)were found to be the maj or fraction of the oil, with small amount of monoterpene hydrocarbons (0.7 %). The most abundant compounds were 7-hydroxy coumarin (15.7 %), (E,E)-farnesol (9.5 %), (Z)-nuciferol acetate (7.7 %), cis-lanceol acetate (5.9 %), phytol (5.1 %) and γ-terpinene-7-al (4.3 %).
Main tendencies of religious consciousness development in modern society
The article is devoted to the investigation of the tendencies of religious consciousness development in modern society. At the present stage of development religious consciousness, like any other social and psychological phenomenon, is undergoing significant changes. The development of religious consciousness at the present stage of society evolution leads to the development of common moral norms and requirements. There is a tendency to reduce human ties with the religious community as a translator of religious consciousness. It is possible to speak about the transformation of religious consciousness but not about its disappearance.