The review programme in the European Union for existing biocidal active substances—outcome of the notification process
Abstract The European Commission Biocidal Products Directive 98/8/EC lays down rules and procedures concerning the placing of biocidal products on the EU market. Based on the Directive, a First Review Regulation was adopted for the review of existing biocidal active substances. These substances had to be either identified or notified (two different processes) to the European Chemicals Bureau (ECB) by 28 March 2002. More than 1000 companies took part in the review programme. In total 953 different existing active substances were identified and 372 different substances were notified. This article presents an analysis of the notified substances regarding the number of notifications per substance, notifiers per substance and per Member State and number of notified substances per product type. The results are compared with data from former statistics.
Handbook of Hygiene Control in the Food Industry
Part 1 Risks: Range of microbial risks in food processing Biofilm risks Pathogen resistance to sanitisers Aerosols as a contamination risk Consumer perceptions of risks from food. Part 2 Improving design: Improving building design Improving zoning within food processing plants Improving the design of floors Improving design of walls Improving the hygienic design of closed equipment, heating equipment, equipment handling dry materials, packaging equipment, electrical equipment, valves, pipes, pumps, sensors. Part 3 Improving hygiene management and methods: Risk assessment in hygiene management Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) in the food industry The use of Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) Managing risks from allergenic residues Managing contamination risks from food packaging materials Improving hygiene in food transportation Improving control of insects in food processing Improving cleaning in place (CIP) Improving cleaning out of place (COP) Improving cleaning of heat exchangers Improving cleaning of tanks Ozone decontamination in hygiene management Enzymatic cleaning in food processing Contamination routes and analysis in food processing environments Testing surface cleanability in food processing Improving the monitoring of fouling, cleaning and disinfection in closed process plant Improving surface sampling and detection of contamination Improving air sampling Testing effectiveness of disinfectants and sanitisers Traceability of disinfectants and sanitisers Improving hygiene auditing.
Global attractivity in time-delayed predator-prey systems
Abstract For a predator-prey model with time-delay due to gestation, criteria are obtained for persistence and global attractivity. The global attractivity criteria apply only to models with a decreasing prey isocline.