A Reforma do Estado: Qual a Natureza da Política Educacional nos Anos 1990?
Over the last years, educational policies have been modified with regard to discussed items, and certain issues agreed upon by educators during the 1980s have been redefined. Current research analyzes the reforms brought about by the State that affected the educational politics in the 1990s, and which contributed towards forms of funding and administering the educational system. The neo-liberal reforms adopted justified the responsibility of the State for the established crisis and demanded reforms in the State and in its institutions. It was thus expected that distortions would be corrected and efficiency generated so that Brazil would be inserted within capitalist production. Current research highlights issues attributed to decentralization which foregrounded government policies that deprived people of their rights and somewhat constructed the consistencies of the movement. In fact, its central bases include the rationing of the federal government’s resources to adopt a decentralization strategy with the ensuing outsourcing, thereby shunning autonomy and democratic participation.
Federalismo, Governabilidade e Gestão Orçamentária
O problema central do estudo foi identificar como se processam as decisoes federativas no Brasil em relacao a intervencao legislativa no trato da questao orcamentaria. O artigo traz um recorte teorico embasado nos principios do federalismo brasileiro instituido apos a Constituicao de 1988 e uma analise comparativa dos arranjos institucionais (partidos e comissoes) que foram construidos para a manutencao da governabilidade do Executivo nacional e assim amortecer o conflito das questoes regionais interpostas pelo Legislativo.
A educação no contexto das políticas sociais atuais: entre a focalização e a universalização
This article discusses education as a social policy in the context of the educational reform under way in Brazil since the first half of the 1990s. It starts from the fact that the country has lived an intense process of educational reforms expressed in actions and measures which have altered the configuration of the system as well as the objective of the policies. Based on some theoretical references which are founded on studies and empirical researches, it discusses the processes of the State reform in Latin America countries and thus identifies a clear orientation to focalize the educa- tional policy in Brazil and obeying the same tendency in conducting social policies in general. The study also observes that such orientation is carried out in more complex reforms which involve public administration, adopting models of disregulation and descentralization which allow the focalization of social policies on the poorer populations, to the detriment of universal policies.