INNOVASIEKENMERKE WAT DIE BYWONING VAN NIE-FORMELE BOERDERYBESTUURSKURSUSSE BEINVLOED / Innovation characteristics which influence the attendance of non-formal farm management courses
Abstract This article considers the innovation characteristics which influence the attendance of non-formal farm management courses. These characteristics are the relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability and observability. Results show that the relative advantage which could be obtained by attending a non-formal farm management course is the most significant characteristic which influences the attendance of non-formal farm management courses.
Farm Management In South Africa: The State Of The Art
ABSTRACT The purpose of this article is to evaluate the present situation of farm management (FM) in South Africa in its professional context. The evolution of FM in the USA, the UK and Australia has been used as the norm to evaluate the progress of FM teaching and research in South Africa. In order to review the development of FM in South Africa over the past 60 years, the period has been divided into three phases. The outstanding feature of FM in Phase I (1925—1950) was its multidisciplinary nature in contrast with the dominating role of production economics in FM in Phase II (1950—1970). The last 15 years (Phase III) in the evolution of FM is typified by the greater role played by management science in FM. As in the USA, the UK and Australia, it can be said that FM is regarded basically as FM economics (narrower approach) in South Africa today, but attempts are being made to integrate the various disciplines. As far as FM teaching is concerned, the integration is accomplished in two alternative ways. I...
The etiology and surgical management of tracheal collapse in calves.
The mean ages of 10 calves with tracheal collapse were 2.7 weeks at onset of clinical signs and 9.4 weeks at presentation for treatment. Inspiratory and expiratory dyspnea and stunted growth were the most common clinical signs. There were abnormalities of the cranial ribs consistent with healing fractures with redundant callus in eight lateral thoracic radiographs. Tracheal collapse in calves may result from cranial thoracic trauma during or soon after birth. Short polypropylene ring prostheses made from 60 ml syringe barrels were placed on the tracheas of four calves with cervical tracheal collapse. There were cranial rib masses in all calves and resection of the right first and second ribs was necessary in one calf to allow placement of prostheses. Dyspnea was relieved in all calves. One calf died of unrelated causes in year 3, and one calf had recurrence of clinical signs at month 5 and was euthanatized. In both calves, tracheal stenosis resulted from continued growth and infolding of the trachea within the constraints of the prostheses. One calf was alive at month 11, and one calf died of acute bronchopneumonia on day 2. Removal of tracheal prostheses in calves is recommended after 2 to 3 months if clinical signs recur.