French marine policy in the 1970s and 1980s
Abstract France, hitherto more “continental”; than “maritime,”; increasingly developed its ocean activities in the 1970s and 1980s. This article describes the different sectors of its marine activities and evolvement of a different outlook concerning the sea. Important events such as the 1976 Proclamation and subsequent implementation of the French 200‐nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone, and 1981 formation of a new Socialist government in France after 23 years of uninterrupted “Gaullist”; rule, offered a unique opportunity to restructure marine policy. The new Ministry of the Sea was intended to integrate marine policy and cater to a developing ocean “constituency.”; It was eventually downgraded to a “Secretariat d'Etat,”; but its impact was undeniably important.
Marine policy in the Republic of Korea
Three main factors -- the geopolitical situation, the lack of land area and natural resources, and the socioeconomic agenda -- have shaped the marine policy of the Republic of Korea. This paper gives an overview of Korean marine policy, paying particular attention to marine-related issues such as fisheries, shipping and shipbuilding, space creation by reclamation, offshore oil and gas exploitation, deep seabed mining ventures, marine science and technology development, and coastal environmental preservation. The governance for Korean marine policy, and a recent movement to establish a New Ministry of Ocean Industry, are also reviewed
Spatial aspects of the pressure for shoreline development: The example of puget sound
Abstract This paper analyzes the 12‐county Puget Sound region in terms of population growth, rate of urbanization, changing occupational structures, and changing income patterns within and between the counties. The results are used to suggest spatial differences in the pressure for coastal development. Two spatial processes are identified which have been at the basis of various coastal use issues in the region: spread versus nodal development, and spatial domination or colonization. The effect of several cases of conflict upon spatial development is discussed, as is the impact of recent shorelines management legislation.