A framework for exploring ICTM impact on building design and management applied to a hospital development project. Proposing ICTM to building design and management for information consistent control of construction and service robots.
A framework for exploring ICTM impact on building design and management applied to a hospital development project. Proposing ICTM to building design and management for information consistent control of construction and service robots.
ICT and the Architectural Design Process – Introduction of an ICT Impact Matrix
The essential topic of this paper is the impact of ICT on the architectural design process in the early planning stages. A fundamental pillar of a successful building project is a good design process. The use of ICT has over the years in different ways influenced and to a certain degree also changed roles and processes within the building project. An understanding of how ICT influences the complex mechanisms within the early stages of the planning process can be seen as central to achieve project success. The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding and overview of the current situation regarding ICT related challenges and benefits within four essential aspects of the architectural design process. These aspects are: the generation of design solutions, the communication, the evaluation of design solutions and the decision-making. In the first section of the paper based on a literature review, some key elements from previous research in the area will be explored. Furthermore, an ICT impact matrix will be introduced, based on the four selected design process aspects and a definition of three hierarchical levels: the micro-, mesoand macro-level. The matrix outline suggests a way to organize the discussed design process topics on an overall level, and intends to contribute with a better overview of the ICT related impacts on the architectural design process.
Avocado Flowering 1
The avocado (Persea americana Mill.) has increased in importance over the years in many countries around the world. The United States, Mexico and Brazil lead in world commercial production, while Israel, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, the Philippines, Spain, Cyprus, Canary Islands, Chile, Ecuador, Venezuela, Greece, and the Caribbean area are actively increasing commercial production (B.O. Bergh, personal communication; Gustafson 1976). The history of the avocado has been detailed by Gustafson (1973, 1975,1976) and others (Bergh 1975b, Knight 1980; Popenoe 1924; Ruehle 1958; Schroeder 1958; Williams 1976). Several reviews have been published on various aspects of the avocado, including its botany (Knight 1980; Purseglove 1968; Williams 1976), breeding (Bergh 1975b), horticulture (Hodgson 1930b; Ruehle 1958; Ryerson et al. 1924), cultivars (Campbell and Malo 1976), and pollination (Gustafson and Bergh 1966). A recent collection of papers discussing the horticultural aspects of avocado production is found in Sauls et al. (1976).