Some new reactive polymers for the immobilization of enzymes.
From poly(vinyl alcohol) precursors, various reactive carriers for the immobilization of enzymes were synthesized. As insoluble starting polymers, the following products were used: poly(vinyl alcohol), gels crosslinked with terephthalaldehyde, hydrolyzed beads of crosslinked poly(vinyl acetate), poly(vinyl acetate-co- ethylene) tubes coated with poly(vinyl alcohol), and poly(vinyl alcohol)-containing synthetic pulp. Reactive groups introduced into these carriers or methods for their activation included the diazonium- and isothiocyanato group, and the glutardialdehyde-, BrCN, 2, 4, 6-trichloro-s-triazien, and p-benzoquinone methods. Furthermore, SH-specific reactive groups such as N-substituted maleimide groups or activated mixed disulfides with 2-thiopyridyl groups could be introduced into PVA-polymers. Enzymes like hydrolases (e.g. papain, trypsin, chymotrypsin, urease), oxidoreductases (e.g. glucose oxydase, catalase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase) as well as the example of transferase hexokinase coimmobilized with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, were immobilized by reactive poly(vinyl alcohol) carriers. The properties of the immobilized enzymes were investigated.
Catalase immobilization—A review
Abstract This interdisciplinary review covers the updated information about the natural and the synthetic materials based on polymers or low molecular compounds, organic or inorganic ones, utilized by researchers to immobilize the most popular enzyme named “CATALASE”. Keeping in mind that the immobilized enzyme is intensively applied in various domains such as textile and food industries, treatment of the waste waters, cosmetics and pharmaceutical formulations to determine the hydrogen peroxide quantity or to remove the excess of H2O2, it will be useful for the upcoming selection and especially to design new specific and versatile carriers by specialists according with the final purpose and applications.
New Cellulose Derivatives for the Isolation of Biologically Active Molecules
THE search for the relationship between structure and function of antibodies has gone through different phases. Much information has been accumulated concerning the interactions of antibody with antigens, particularly with respect to haptens of related and different structures. These data have given rise to a multitude of speculations concerning the chemical and physical structure of antibodies and the mechanism of antibody reactions. At present, major questions awaiting answers are: (1) Does antibody to a particular antigen have a unique primary structure ? (2) Do all antibodies have the same primary structure but they are folded differently ? (3) Are the antibody combining sites for a particular antigen the same, but are other parts of the antibody molecule modified for other functions ? (4) What is the composition and structure of the active site ?