Static Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Pipe Strengthened with GFRP Laminates
This paper presents a study of reinforced concrete pipe with the application of continuous glass fiber reinforced polymer sheet (GFRP). The pipe material is considered to be composed of reinforced concrete and the pipe is strengthen by using glass fiber reinforced polymer sheet. The reinforced concrete pipe is analyzed with different layers of externally applied GFRP sheet. Analysis is carried out in commercially available ANSYS software. A finite element model is developed for the pipe wherein the material properties as mentioned are used. The solid 186 layered structural solid element has been used for discretization of the model. Two sets of GFRP sheets (4 layer & 8 Layer) were considered for the analysis. Results obtained were compared with the controlled pipe made up of reinforced concrete. Results are presented for simply supported boundary conditions for the pipe. The deformation and stress distribution across the pipe has also been analyzed
STRENGTHENING OF CONCRETE COLUMNS WITH CFRP
The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials for structural repair and strengthening has continuously increased in recent years, due to several advantages associated with these composites when compared to conventional materials like steel. This paper presents the results of an experiment at study on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with carbon fiber sheets and strips in pre-cut grooves. The reinforced columns were strengthened before testing. The main tasks of these experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of additional strengthening of reinforced columns.
The quiescent centre in excised roots ofPisum sativum L.
SummaryExcised roots ofPisum sativum were cultured in White's medium supplemented with various concentrations of sucrose or IAA and exposed to3H-TdR for 24 hours, three days after excision. Varying the concentration of sucrose or IAA in the culture medium had no effect on the size of the quiescent centre in the apical meristem of these roots. It is concluded that the existence of a quiescent centre in angiosperm roots is not due to carbohydrate starvation or to the super-abundance, or lack of, IAA.