On the Forced Convective Flow between Two Corrugated Cylinders
The forced heat convection in the flow between two corrugated cylinders, whose generators are parallel to the flow direction, is studied through perturbation on the small amplitude of the corrugations. The coupled effects of frictional heating and non-linear interaction of the boundaries on the heat transfer rate are obtained.
Flow between longitudinally corrugated cylinders
The flow between two longitudinally corrugated cylinders is studied through perturbation on the small amplitude of the corrugations. It is found that, due to nonlinear interaction of the boundaries the flow rate may be increased or decreased, depending on the phase shift and the number of waves.
Pig Vocalizations Under Selected Husbandry Practices
Acoustical characteristics of vocalizations of sows, piglets, and nursery pigs under selected husbandry practices were analyzed with a digital signal processing system. The duration (D) and major energy-resonance frequency (P) for each call were determined as follows: a) processing of piglets (D = 0.81 s and f* = 3 700 Hz); b) food anticipation of breeding-gest ation sows (2.50 s and 3 000 Hz); c) isolation of piglet (0.34 s and 500, 3 500 Hz); d) startling of nursery pigs (0.29 s and 900 Hz); e) sows in heat (3.07 s and 1 375 Hz); f) farrowing (0.10 s and 3 000 Hz); g) sow nursing (0.15 s and 1 000 Hz); and h) mate greeting of sow (0.13 s and 1 000 Hz). Calls a) to d) are responses to human generated stressors, and calls e) through h) responses to social and physiological states of the pigs. Thus, vocalizations can be segmented for different pig production situations.