DC control battery system protection and coordination
Battery system failure jeopardizes a power system by eliminating the DC control power source for AC system circuit breakers and protective devices. The protection of control battery system components including the battery, battery charger and individual circuits is reviewed. Optimum battery system protective device coordination is discussed.<<ETX>>
Considerations for Selecting and Sizing Batteries
Selection and sizing of storage batteries are often thought of as simply applying a formula to a load profile; however, in practice, when selecting an optimum battery many factors should be considered. These factors include battery type, plate material, plate construction, specific gravity, battery application, and so forth. Various applications will be discussed and illustrative examples will be provided as required. Although the emphasis of this paper will be on stationary batteries, uninterruptible power supply (UPS) and photovoltaic system batteries are also discussed. The guidance provided will enable the user to understand the requirements for a specific application and aid in selecting an optimum battery.
The quality required in electrolyte limited, valve regulated lead-acid batteries for telecommunication systems
The authors describe the results of a study performed for the purpose of elucidating the impact of critical product features on customer requirements for the valve-regulated lead-acid technology, as gathered through existing literature concerning telecommunication power system design and field experiences. In this study, the necessary areas of concentration were systematically identified by describing their impact on three different classes of customer requirements. The first class consists of requirements attributed to the performance of individual batteries in a system; the second class involves the general categories of safety, reliability, and variability; and the third class represents issues related to the battery system. As a result, a framework is established that provides a discipline to assure that the product features that impact significantly on each class of customer requirements drive product and process design.<<ETX>>