Research Issues on Two-Phase Loops for Space Applications
5 ADVANTAGES OF TWO-PHASE LOOPS FOR SPACECRAFT THERMAL CONTROL 5 TWO SUCCESSFUL IN-ORBIT EXPERIMENTS: TPX I & LHPFX 7 ESA’s Two-Phase eXperiment TPX I 7 Loop Heat Pipe Flight eXperiment LHPFX 9 DESIGN SUPPORTING THEORETICAL WORK 10 Background of Thermal-Gravitational Modelling and Scaling 10 Dimension Analysis & Similarity Considerations 10 Pressure Drop & Heat Transfer Equations for Annular Flow 13 FLOW PATTERN ISSUES 15 Flow Pattern or Flow Regime Mapping 15 Flow Pattern Mapping for Anti-Super-Gravity 16 CURRENT LOOP-RELATED R&D ACTIVITIES AT NLR 17 AMS-2 Thermal Control 17 CIMEX-3: NLR’s Versatile Two-Phase Loop Experiment 18
Development of a Mechanically Pumped Two-Phase CO2 Cooling Loop for the AMS-2 Tracker Experiment
3
Variations common to the interplanetary magnetic field, the zonal atmospheric circulation and the earth's rotation
A study of the cyclic fluctuations in the earth's rotation, the geomagnetic field, the global atmospheric circulation and solar activity reveals the existence of 50-day and 120-day oscillations common to all. Our results, as well as the results obtained by radiometric measurements from the satellites Nimbus-7 and the Solar Maximum Mission (Wilson 1982; Pap 1985), suggest that their origin lies in the physical processes in the sun. The mechanism remains unexplained but from this work it follows that the role of the interplanetary magnetic field could very well be important.