Determining the property ownership on cadastral works in Turkey.
Abstract The transformation process from state to civil ownership in Turkey was started at the end of the Ottoman Empire and continued until after the formation of Turkish Republic. In this process, in accordance with the Civil Code legislation, most land users who had been using state lands were regarded as owners of those lands. These parcels of real estate were used in various ways and it became necessary to register these properties by using a process called ‘written cadastre’. The initial process was slowed down during World War II but an intensive cadastral program was begun after the war in both urban and rural areas, particularly in 1950s. The cadastre work had two components called technical and legal. The definition of land ownership is the legal foundation of the cadastre. If properties have their titles, land ownership can be defined based on the title; otherwise the ownership can be defined according to statements by experts chosen from local people. However, without title or written evidence, determining the land ownership is more problematic. In this context, this study explains how the ownership of properties, with or without a title, is determined in cadastral work in Turkey.
AN EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN APPROACH ON GEOREFERENCING
Georeferencing is one of the most important stages of digitizing analogue maps. It is affected by many factors such as; scales and resolutions of maps, the number of control points, etc. In this study, four of these factors were investigated using 2 4 factorial design in two dimensional georeferencing of cadastral maps. Factorial design determines, whether the selected factors have main and/or interaction effects on a response variable or not. Map scale, resolution of raster map, the number of control points and the coordinate transformation method were selected as experimental factors. Then, main effects and interactions between these factors were investigated. The results were statistically analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and a regression model was suggested to consider the significant main and interaction effects of factors. It was observed that the two dimensional georeferencing of maps were affected by each of the selected experimental factors and by the interaction between the map scale and coordinate transformation method.
Cadastre: The Key Component in Urban-based Information Systems
SUMMARY The most important component needed in realizing a sustainable land development is a parcel-based data which acquired from the cadastral records. These data define not only size, shape, location, value of the real estate but also land-related rights, restrictions and responsibilities. While cadastre provides a guarantee and protects landowner’s rights in many countries, it is also used for new land policy aims. Therefore, cadastre plays an important role on states in order to develop and supply new services such as spatial-based information systems in urban areas. Urban Information Systems (UIS) can be considered as an implementation of GIS in urban extent. It is an effective tool for local authorities with respect to manage urban relevant data and well-qualified service offer. Many geospatial data should be examined at the same time in UIS because of land planning, development and other decision-making procedures. However, land parcel-based information is very significant within this entire management task. From land taxation to environmental works in urban areas, cadastral documents are the main references which are always needed for a meaningful decision-making. Because cadastre is a methodically arranged public inventory of data concerning properties within a certain area, up-to-date cadastral data should be available for any time. If such data is in a digital form then it could be more valuable for an UIS application. But, the availability of cadastral data is also depending on the existing institutional structure and data use policy of a certain country as well. In this paper, firstly, the role of cadastral data in urban information procedures will be emphasized, and then the data quality and legal issues of introducing cadastral data to UIS applications of Turkey will be examined with regard to an organizational perspective.