Financing Regional Development Through Development Banks
A combination of various sources of financing is a necessary prerequisite to finance any development as well as regional development. Sources of financing can be monitored and evaluated from the aspects of suitability (cost aspect), availability and abundance. Ultimate users of funds give advantage to financial sources whose availability and abundance is at the maximum level, and costs are at their minimum. For the most part, development bank funds meet the above mentioned requirements, since the main function of these banks is to finance certain activities under special (more favourable) conditions. The significance, justification and evaluation of this form of financial resources in the regional development segment are becoming more and more prominent. The subject of this paper is the amount and conditions of development bank loans in the area of Osijek-Baranja and Vukovar-Srijem Counties.
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The above mentioned tracks are only indicative, and not exhaustive. manuscript submission guidelines ABSTRACT Speech is the primary means of communication between people .To interact with computer, more naturally embedding emotions in speech is a step in this direction. The aim of the paper is to make an attempt to shed light on the way the system for embedding different emotions in the speech using the Time domain pitch synchronization overlap and Add (TD-PSOLA), that is used to enhance the neutral vocal expressions impact through the use of this system, with some required target emotions by selecting the modified parameters that will make humans perceive a targeted emotion in the way the system wants them to understand. An experiment was performed using the Punjabi voices both male and female which led to clear and synthesized emotional speech by using the Time domain pitch synchronization overlap and Add (TD-PSOLA). The experiment concludes with the findings that the system developed with the use of TD-PSOLA can be successfully used to embed emotions in the input neutral speech leading to better human understanding and evaluation of emotional speech. time-scale and pitch modification system that preserves shape-invariance property during voicing is done using a version of the sinusoidal analysis/synthesis system modeling and independently modifying the phase contributions of the vocal tract and the vocal chord excitation [11]. In the sinusoidal model was compared with a code-excited linear prediction (CELP) concluding with complementarity of the two methods. The authors state that an ideal coder should be able to combine the noise-free quality of sinusoidal models with the robust analysis-by- synthesis procedures of CELP coders [9].The harmonic sinusoidal analysis is used to encode the periodic part of speech and to split the speech spectrum into two frequency regions of harmonic and random components. Harmonic speech model is a multiband excitation (MBE) model. It uses an analysis-by-synthesis method, in which Voiced speech is synthesized from the voiced envelope samples by summing the outputs of a band of sinusoidal oscillators running at the harmonics of the fundamental frequency. Unvoiced speech is synthesized from the unvoiced envelope samples by first synthesizing a white noise sequence. Its normalized Fourier transform is multiplied by the spectral envelope and then synthesized using the weighted OLA method. Synthesis is also performed in a pitch-synchronous way using an OLA process. If the frame is voiced, the noise part is filtered by a high-pass filter with cutoff frequency equal to the maximum voiced frequency. At AT&T Labs-Research, HNM was compared with a time-domain pitch-synchronous OLA (TD-PSOLA) method [13]. TD-PSOLA relies on the speech production model described by the sinusoidal framework, although the parameters of this model are not estimated explicitly.
CMEOC—An expert system in the coal mining industry
Abstract This paper introduces an expert system in the mining industry, called the Coal Mining Expert and Optimization Consultation System (CMEOC). The paper mainly describes the architecture of this system, including the knowledge base, inference engine, and relevant optimization techniques. The techniques include multi-objective programming, fuzzy sets, and integer programming. The application results present evidence of the usefulness of the system.