Notice of RetractionPilot Study on Hybrid Biological Filter-Coagulation-Submerged Ultrafiltration Membrane for Drinking Water Treatment
Two parallel hybrid processes (Biological filter Coagulation/Ultrafiltration(BCUF) and Coagulation/Ultrafiltration(CUF)) for treating slightly polluted surface water were carried out in this experiment. In the process of BCUF, transverse flow water-dropping aerated biological filter was used as a primary pretreatment, and coagulation was used as the subsequent pretreatment of Ultrafiltration(UF). In the CUF process, coagulation was the unique pretreatment of UF. Turbidity was removed nearly completely in both two hybrid processes, and in the BCUF, effective ammonia nitrogen removal (87.1%) was also achieved mainly through the biological nitrification carried out in the biological filter, however, only 25.6% removal of ammonia nitrogen was achieved in the process of CUF. The removal rates of CODMn, TOC, DOC, UV254, AOC and BDOC were 55.2%, 87.8%, 71.0%, 61.1%, 91.4% and 89.3% respectively in the process of BCUF, which were much higher than that in the process of CUF. The biological pretreatment could improve the biological stability significantly and relieve the membrane fouling which made the transmembrane pressure (TMP) arising velocity lower. The pretreatment of biological filter and coagulation could remove the organic molecules in the range of 5000-500Da. Results showed the water-dropping aerated biological filter was fit for the pretreatment of UF.
Pilot Scale Treatment for the Drinking Water by Combined Process (Fluidized Biofilm Process-Chemical Coagulation-Ultrafiltration)
The performance of pilot scale combined process of fluidized biofilm process, chemical coagulation and ultrafiltration system for surface water treatment was studied. In order to remove ammonia nitrogen (NH4 + -N) efficiently, fluidized biofilm process with entrapped nitrifying bacteria pellets was applied to the combined process. FeCl3·6H2O and 6 mg (Fe)/l were determined as optimal chemical coagulation condition at pilot scale treatment. NH4 + -N concentration in the produced water was less than 0.5mg/l at the overall combined process. CODMn, UV254 and TOC removals of 45.8%, 57.1% and 29.6% were also achieved by the overall combined process. The turbidity of the produced water was continuous under 0.12NTU. All coliform bacteria were also eliminated completely. This combined process was highly competitive in comparison to conventional treatment for surface water in pilot scale operation. Keywords-surface water; combined process; fluidized biofilm process; chemical coagulation; ultrafiltration
Frontal cognitive dysfunction in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Purpose: The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible frontal cognitive dysfunction in patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) and to compare the results with those of patients with frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE) and temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), as well as with controls.