Censorship and Access to Information
While there is much debate about censorship, there is little work in the philosophical literature on the concept itself. In this chapter I try to fill in this gap by providing a definition of censorship. I propose that censorship is "restricting or limiting access to an expression, portion of an expression, or category of expression, which has been made public by its author, based on the belief that it will be a bad thing if people access the content of that expression." With this definition in hand, I consider the sorts of justifications given for censorship and canvass the arguments against censorship.
The Impact of Information Communication Technologies on News. A Case Study of Algeria's Media Landscape
The dramatic political events of 2011 that swept many Arab countries and largely fostered the advent of new technologies of information and communication have led to news changes of media structures, policies and practices in other parts of Africa. Algeria, as a reference in this paper, which kept their citizens waiting for 50 years under state monopoly, has been affected by these changes. As a result, it has been compelled in the end to authorize private television channels operating in the new audiovisual media landscape. In January 2014, the national assembly adopted a new audiovisual bill that ended up a long-term public audiovisual media ownership. Since then, the local audiovisual landscape has been flourishing but without having an impact on the way news are conceived, gathered, dispatched and perceived by the public in relation to the new editorial policies and ethical norms. Media professionals are adopting new rules, new regulations and new practices in producing news and securing their impartiality. The impact of the new news approach on the public’s expectations and needs is perceived from the way the audience perceives, reacts and interacts. The new approach goals set goals to bridge news credibility gaps with the audience tired of lies and rumours, and also to maintain the news development and sustainability in Algeria.
Elemental interplay: the production, circulation and deposition of Bronze Age metalwork in Britain and Ireland
Abstract This paper considers how people were compellingly engaged with, and drew upon, their elemental world in the Bronze Age (c. 2000 – 800 bc). It takes into account the production, circulation and deposition of metalwork and presents a number of themes concerned with the social construction of objects, places and people in the Bronze Age, while exploring how elements are drawn upon to facilitate this. The case study focuses on evidence from Britain and Ireland, although the interpretative themes presented can be applied to a wider geographical dataset. In particular, it considers how elements are interplayed in order to bring about and articulate wider social and material transformations taking place in the Bronze Age.