To Be an Enlightened Superpower
That the United States will continue to play a leading role in the world is a given. The question is not whether but how it should play this role. Here is a Chinese perspective on how the United States can act as an enlightened superpower.
Offshore balancing revisited
The “Through the Looking Glass” contributors reveal that U.S. hegemony is a double‐edged sword. As the debate about future U.S. grand strategy unfolds after September 11, offshore balancing should become the successor strategy to primacy.
Grazing incidence optics for wide-field x-ray survey imaging: a comparison of optimization techniques
Discussions of optimizing wide-field x-ray optics, with field-of-view less-than 1.1 degree-squared, have been made previously in the literature. However, very little has been published about the optimization of wide-field x-ray optics with larger field-of-views, which technology could greatly enhanced x-ray surveys. We have been working on the design of a wide-field (3.1 degree-squared field-of-view), short focal length (190.5 cm), grazing incidence mirror shell set, with a desired rms image spot size of 15 arcsec. The baseline design consists of Wolter 1 type mirror shells with polynomial perturbations applied to the baseline design. The overall optimization technique is to efficiently optimize the polynomial coefficients that directly influence the angular resolution, without stepping through the entire multi-dimensional coefficient space. We have investigated optimization techniques such as the downhill simplex method, fractional factorial, and response surface (including Box- Behnken and central composite) design. We have also investigated the use of neural networks, such as backpropagation, general regression, and group method of data handling neural networks. We report our findings to date.