on CMS information server CMS NOTE 1997 / 061 The Compact Muon Solenoid Experiment
The high radiation environment at the LHC will require the use of radiation hardened microelectronics for the readout of inner detectors. Two such technologies are a Harris bulk CMOS process and the DMILL mixed technology process. Transistors have been fabricated in both of these and have been tested before and after irradiation to 10 Mrads, the total dose expected in the innermost silicon microstrip layers. Several processing runs of Harris transistors have been carried out and samples from one have also been irradiated to 100 Mrads. A preamplifier-shaper circuit, to be used for readout of the CMS microstrip tracker, has been tested and the noise performance is compared with individual transistors.
Measurements of transistors and silicon microstrip detector readout circuits in the Harris AVLSIRA rad-hard CMOS process
Abstract The RD20 collaboration has been developing silicon detectors and front end electronics for inner tracking applications at the proposed Large Hadron Collider (LHC) accelerator at CERN. Prototype amplifier circuits and test structures have been designed and fabricated in a radiation hard bulk CMOS technology (Harris AVLSIRA). Results from measurements of individual transistors and circuits from the first fabrication run in this process are presented, before and after irradiation. The noise performance of the prototype amplifiers is compared with predictions from the transistor noise spectrum measurements, and the optimised performance is predicted.
Techno-economic analysis of chemical looping combustion with humid air turbine power cycle
Abstract Power generation from fossil fuel-fired power plant is the largest single source of CO2 emission. CO2 emission contributes to climate change. On the other hand, renewable energy is hindered by complex constraints in dealing with large scale application and high price. Power generation from fossil fuels with CO2 capture is therefore necessary to meet the increasing energy demand, and reduce the emission of CO2. This paper presents a process simulation and economic analysis of the chemical looping combustion (CLC) integrated with humid air turbine (HAT) cycle for natural gas-fired power plant with CO2 capture. The study shows that the CLC–HAT including CO2 capture has a thermal efficiency of 57% at oxidizing temperature of 1200 °C and reducer inlet temperature of 530 °C. The economic evaluation shows that the 50 MWth plant with a projected lifetime of 30 years will have a payback period of 7 years and 6 years for conventional HAT and CLC–HAT cycles respectively. The analysis indicates that CLC–HAT process has a high potential to be commercialised.