Development of a single phase prepaid Electrical Energy Meter using 89S8252 microcontroller architecture
The Electricity Company implements the `Prepaid Electrical Energy Meter (PEM)' scheme among the electricity consumers to meet the objectives of: (i) collecting advance money and (ii) motivating the customers to make conservative use of electricity. The 2nd objective can be effectively achieved with an indoor type PEM fitted with 7-segment bright display unit. The meter designer aims, using appropriate hardware modules and software routines, to guide the PEM for cycling through the following steps: (i) deduct cost of every 0.01kwhr energy consumed, (ii) display balance, (iii) check balance, (iv) disconnect load at zero balance, (v) issue alarm signal to engage correct prepaid card, (vi) read the prepaid card, (vii) zeroing the prepaid card, (viii) update balance, (ix) save balance in nonvolatile EEPROM at power failure, and (x) retrieve balance from EEPROM at power resumption. This paper has described, based on extensive experiments on real hardware using AT89S8252-ADE7755-AT90S2313 chip set, the implementation methodology of a PEM with bright display unit. A prototype meter has been built, tested and found to work as per standard specifications.
Modeling and Implementation of Advanced Electronic Circuit Breaker Technique for Protection
The following paper narrates a microcontroller-based system which is an advanced electronic circuit breaker that designed for voltage fluctuation, frequency fluctuation, short circuit, overload, and residual leakage current. The advanced circuit breaker announces various watchful parameters that users get information other then any smart energy device during any electrical fault-based accident. During twenty-first century, many IoT-based energy monitoring and control projects are done. This project has also on features of smart energy monitoring system in coordination with web server-based IoT model. However, this project can be initiated for the protection scheme of household service as well as protective model of smart power system [1], 2]. Nowadays, power system is dealing with high-voltage alternating current (HVAC) and extra high-voltage current (EHVC). For making high-voltage circuit breaker and protective devices, special attention should be taken for designing such equipment. The circuit breaker technique is used in this paper and can be installed in the protection scheme to make a fault-free power system and also IoT-enabled smart power system. A hardware prototype model is designed using Arduino microcontroller to make this project a successful one.
Biotechnology (The History)
First page of article 
 
 
Keywords: 
 
biotechnology - key technology for future; 
human genome program