Design and test results of kicker units for the positron accumulator ring at the APS
Three fast kicker units have been designed, tested, and installed in the positron accumulator ring (PAR) at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) for beam injection and extraction. The performance of these kicker units has been satisfactory. This paper presents the design and test results.
Advances of Transmission Line Kicker Magnets
Fast pulsed magnets or kickers are widely used in circular accelerators for injection, fast extraction and beam excitation. As from the early 60’ s transmission line type kicker magnets have been employed to produce rectangular field pulses with good rise time. Over some 40 years this technology has evolved with the rising requirements. While the necessary kick strength has increased with the particle beam energy the strive for efficiency has pushed developments towards lower impedance systems and/or short circuited magnets. The flat top ripple is constrained by the maximally tolerable beam oscillation. The beam intensity can impose a screening of the magnet yoke. The most advanced features implemented in recent transmission line kicker magnets are reviewed and illustrated with examples from different laboratories.
The effect of disease on the urinary purine metabolite concentrations in dogs
This prospective study was designed to determine the urinary concentrations of purine metabolites in healthy and diseased dogs. The goals were to test the hypothesis that urine concentrations of terminal purine metabolites will identify dogs with diseases that disturb purine degradation. Five hundred and sixty-three client-owned dogs admitted sequentially to the veterinary medical centre were included. Dogs were divided into groups on the basis of their disease. Urine concentrations of xanthine, uric acid, allantoin and creatinine were measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography. Xanthine and uric acid to creatinine ratios were significantly increased in dogs with chronic kidney disease (p = 0.01). The uric acid to creatinine ratio was significantly increased in dogs with cancer compared with clinically healthy dogs (p = 0.04), and significantly increased in dogs receiving chemotherapy for their disease (p < 0.01). Compared to clinically healthy dogs, xanthine and uric acid to creatinine ratios were significantly increased in dogs with hyperadrenocorticism (p < 0.01, and 0.04, respectively). Therefore, the results of this study found that the urinary concentrations of purine metabolites in dogs are significantly impacted by systemic disease. Cancer, chronic kidney disease, and hyperadrenocorticism are associated with altered concentrations of urinary purine metabolites in dogs.