The “new management of security” put to the test: crime and police activity under Minister Sarkozy (2002-2007)
Following the legislative and presidential elections of 2002, Nicolas Sarkozy was named Minister of the Interior and, during the five year term of Jacques Chirac (2002-2007), occupied this position for more than three and a half years. During this period, he wanted to introduce a « new management » as well as imposing upon the gendarmerie (military institution in charge of public safety with police duties among the civilian population [translator’s note]) and the police, a « culture of results ». According to him, it was this type of management and culture that five years later allowed him to declare a strong drop in crime as well as a clear improvement in the mobilization and performance of law enforcement. These two claims and the causality between them will here be subjected to scrutiny.Thus, the analysis will review the nature of this « new management » and outline a different assessment.
L'élucidation des homicides: de l'enchantement technologique à l'analyse du travail des enquêteurs de police judiciaire
A partir du depouillement d’une serie d’affaires jugees par une Cour d’assises de la region parisienne et d’une autre serie d’affaires non elucidees (archives dans deux services de recherches de police et de gendarmerie de la meme region), ainsi que d’entretiens approfondis avec des enqueteurs de police judiciaire, on propose ici une analyse des conditions d’elucidation des homicides. Le discours des professionnels est confronte a leurs pratiques, ce qui amene a inverser la hierarchie des trois principaux facteurs d’elucidation: les investigations sur la scene de crime (appelees aussi « constatations initiales»), l’enquete de voisinage et la recherche des temoins. Les elements humains fournis par les deux derniers facteurs sont en realite les plus determinants pour identifier des suspects. En analysant la serie d’affaires non elucidees, on etablit ensuite une premiere typologie des causes de non-elucidation. Les conclusions de ce travail amenent a reflechir sur l’evolution des pratiques et sur les representations de l’impact des sciences et des techniques dans le travail de police judiciaire.
Key Considerations for an Economic and Legal Framework Facilitating Medical Travel
Medical travel has the capacity to counter increasing costs of health care by creating new markets and increased revenue for health services, potentially benefiting local populations, economies, and health-care systems. This paper is part of a broad, comprehensive project aimed at developing a global health access policy (GHAP). It presents key issues to consider in terms of ensuring economic viability, sustainability, and limiting risk to the many stakeholders involved in the rapidly expanding industry of medical travel. The noted economic and legal barriers to medical travel are based on a synthesis of themes found in an extensive review of the available literature. Economic considerations, when setting up a GHAP, include a dynamic approach to pricing that is fair to the local population. Legal considerations include the implementation of international quality standards and the protection of the rights of those traveling as well as those of local populations in recipient countries. By taking into account these opportunities, the GHAP will more adequately address existing gaps in the economic and legal regulation of medical travel.