Growth and characterization of sodium pentaborate [Na(H4B5O10)] single crystals.
The bulk single crystals of sodium pentaborate [Na(H4B5O10)] were grown by slow evaporation solution growth technique using deionized water as solvent. The grown crystal was confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The structural perfection of the grown crystals has been analyzed by high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) studies by recording rocking curve. The photoluminescence (PL), UV-vis spectral studies were performed and the optical bandgap of the material was calculated. The presence of the functional groups was identified by FT-IR measurement. The factor group analysis was done on Na(H4B5O10) to reveal the vibrational optical modes. The thermal and mechanical properties of the grown crystal were studied by TG-DTA and Vickers microhardness tester, respectively. The dielectric behavior of Na(H4B5O10) was investigated with different frequencies and temperatures.
Growth and characterization of a new non-linear optical tris lead tris barium borate (TLTBB) single crystal
Abstract The growth of a new inorganic non-linear optical (NLO) borate crystal, tris lead tris barium borate (TLTBB) material has been reported. Crystal of dimension up to 7 mm × 5 mm × 5 mm are obtained from its aqueous solution by slow solvent evaporation technique. The resulting crystal exhibits square shape morphology. The crystal structure and morphology of the grown crystal have been identified by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) analysis of the sample indicates its moderate crystalline quality. The UV–vis–NIR spectrum of TLTBB reveals a wide optical transmission window with a low level of optical absorption in the entire visible region. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of the sample is found to be nearly three times that of the standard KDP and its laser damage threshold value is 1.32 GW cm−2. The TGA/DTA analysis confirms high thermal stability (775.25 °C) of the sample among the solution grown NLO borate crystals. The SEM micrograph of TLTBB indicates that the crystal is made up of rectangular blocks with step like patterns.
Chemical Metallurgy: Principles and Practice
Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgements. Appreciation. 1. Acquaintance. 2. Mineral Processing. 3. Thermodynamics and Kinetics. 4. Pyrometallurgy. 5. Hydrometallurgy. 6. Electrometallurgy. 7. Energy and Environment. Subject Index.