Combustion properties of Rowan wood impregnated with various chemical materials
The common use of Rowan wood (Sorbus aucuparia Lipsky) in the forest products industry of Turkey, was evaluated for some of the combustion properties after impregnation with various chemical materials. For this purpose, the wood test samples prepared from Rowan wood materials according to TS 345 were treated with Tanalith-E, Vacsol-Azure, Imersol-Aqua and Boron compounds (Borax and Boric asid) by the vacuum impregnation process in accordance with ASTM D-1413 standards and directives of the manufacturer. After impregnation, each sample was tested for observation of retention amount and combustion properties (ASTM E 160-50). It has been proven that combustion properties of the impregnated Rowan wood materials were affected by impregnated materials. As a result, combustion temperature was measured as highest in Imersol Aqua (458.686°C) and the lowest in Borax (439.023°C). The impact of impregnation material decreases after the ignition and the main impact was in flame sourced combustion. In addition, boric acid reduces the material loss in combustion, ensuring that the material is more resistant to sudden collapse and destruction. As a result, it appears that impregnation of wood material with appropriate boron treatment will further increase combustion temperatures and provide additional fire resistance and a degree of security. 
 
   
 
 Key words: Rowan wood, combustion properties, Tanalith-E, Vacsol-Azure, Imersol-Aqua, Boron compounds.
Impact of impregnation with boron compounds on combustion properties of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and varnishes
This study examined the impacts of varnishing after impregnation with boron compounds on combustion properties of oriental beech. The test samples prepared from oriental beech ( Fagus orientalis Lipsky) wood were impregnated according to ASTM D 1413–76–99 with boric acid (Ba) or borax (Bx) using a vacuum technique. After impregnation, one of six varnishes (cellulosic (Cv), synthetic (Sn), polyurethane (Pu), water-based (Wb), acrylic (Ac) or acid-hardening (Ah) was applied in accordance with ASTM D 3023 coated surfaces. After treating, varnishing and conditioning, the combustion properties of samples were determined according to ASTM E 160-50. Combustion temperatures for Bx and Wb were highest when testing without flame source combustion (WFSC), while Ba and Pu exhibited the lowest temperature when testing for flame source combustion (FSC). For the combination of combustion type, impregnation material and varnish type, combustion temperature was the highest for WFSC + boric acid + water-based varnish, but the lowest for WFSC + boric acid + synthetic varnish. As a result, the tested varnishes showed an increasing impact, but boron compounds (Ba and Bx) showed a decreasing impact on the combustion properties of beech. In conclusion, for usage areas having a high risk of fire, impregnation of wood material with boron compounds before varnishing will decrease combustion temperature and provide some degree of security. Key words : Combustion, flame retardance, coatings, boron compounds, varnish.
FIRE PERFORMANCE OF WOOD: TEST METHODS AND FIRE RETARDANT TREATMENTS
This report describes the fire performance characteristics of wood and wood products, along with test methods for evaluating the fire properties of these materials. Wood treated with fire retardants may provide a code-approved alternative to noncombustible materials. Fire performance and problems associated with thermal degradation are discussed in terms of the mechanisms of fire retardancy. In: Lewin, Menachem, ed. Recent advances in flame retardancy of polymeric materials. Proceedings of the 4th annual BCC conference on flame retadancy; 1993 May 18–20; Stamford, CT. Norwalk, CT: Business Communications Co. Inc.: [1993]: 36-43. The Forest Products Laboratory is maintained in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin. This article was written and prepared by U.S. Government employees on official time, and it is therefore in the public domain and not subject to copyright.