High-temperature Corrosion of AlCrTiSiN Film in Ar-1%SO 2 Gas
AlCrSiN film with a composition of 29.1Al-17.1Cr-2.1Si-51.7N in at. % was deposited on a steel substrate by cathodic arc ion plating at a thickness of 1.8 μm. It consisted of nanocrystalline hcp-AlN and fcc-CrN, where a small amount of Si was dissolved. Corrosion tests were carried out at 800 ◦C for 5–200 h in Ar-1%SO2 gas. The major corrosion reaction was oxidation owing to the high oxygen affinity of Al and Cr in the film. The formed oxide scale consisted primarily of (Al,Cr)2O3, within which Fe, Si, and S were dissolved. Even after corrosion for 200 h, the thickness of the scale was about 0.7–1.2 μm, indicating that the film had good corrosion resistance in the SO2-containing atmosphere.
Characteristics of (Cr 1−x , Al x ) N films prepared by pulsed laser deposition
Chromium aluminum nitride ((Cr 1−x , Al x ) N) films have been successfully prepared by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The (Cr 1−x , Al x ) N film, which is hard and resistant against wear and oxidation, is one of the most promising pseudobinary nitrides for applications in the protective coatings. The film was synthesized by depositing chromium and aluminum metal vapors in nitrogen. Experiments were carried out by changing the surface area ratio of the target (Al/(Cr+Al)) from 0 to 100%. The hardness of the (Cr 1−x , Al x ) N films showed the maximum value (HV∼3000) at x = 0.75. Phase transition from B1 (NaCl) structure to B4 (wurtzite) structure occurred above x = 0.75, being in a reasonable agreement with the theoretical prediction. As a result of oxidation test, the CrN film oxidized at near 600°C, whereas the (Cr 0.5 , Al 0.5 ) N film was not detected the existence of oxide in the annealing temperature range R.T. to 900°C.
Research on health and oral health status of elderly living alone compared to elderly living with their families - based on the data (2014) from the 6th two-year Korea national health and nutrition examination survey -
Objectives: I examined the health and oral health status of elderly people living alone compared to elderly people living with their families by using data (2014) from the 6th Two-Year Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: Among 1,454 health survey respondents aged 65 years and over who participated in the 6th Two-Year Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted in 2014, 311 were elderly people living alone and 1,143 were elderly people living with their families. Results: In terms of socio-demographic characteristics, the percentage of elderly people living alone was high especially in women and when the subjects’ age, education level, and income level were low. In terms of oral health status, the percentage of elderly people living alone was high when elderly people thought that their subjectively viewed health was poor and the frequency of drinking and exercise was low. In terms of oral health status, the percentage of elderly people living alone was high among elderly people who did not have good oral health in their subjective view and did not get oral examinations for a year and had a lot of difficulty chewing. Conclusions: Family support or additional social support for elderly people who live alone should be considered to promote the healthy lives of elderly people.