The Justice and Development Party in Moroccan Local Politics
This article analyzes the performance of the Islamist Justice and Development Party (PJD) in Moroccan local politics from 2003 to 2009, using a variety of data sources including interviews, municipal budgets, and audit reports. We find that the PJD’s campaign and candidates were significantly different from Moroccan political norms. The outcomes of audits and budget patterns show governance in towns where the PJD was elected differed only in those where the party had high electoral support in 2003, allowing it to govern with a small coalition.
El Partido de la Justicia y el Desarrollo (PJD) en la arena local: perfil sociodemográfico. La diferenciación como argumento político
Resumen Este articulo presenta un analisis empirico de las principales caracteristicas sociodemograficas de los electos locales del PJD. Usando los datos estadisticos oficiales disponibles sobre las Colectividades Locales (2009; 2011), pretende responder a las siguientes preguntas ?cuales son estas caracteristicas?;  ?son significativamente diferentes a las del resto de representantes? Y, por ultimo, ?estan mas proximas o alejadas a las caracteristicas generales de la poblacion marroqui? Los datos muestran que, de manera general, el electo pejotadeista es mas joven, tiene un mayor nivel educativo y procede de profesiones, como la educacion o la labor tecnica o administrativa, relacionadas con lo urbano.  Palabras clave: PJD, politica local, perfil sociodemografico, islamismo The PJD in local politics: demographic profile. Differentiation  as political strategy Abstract This article presents an empirical analysis about the main demographic characteristics of PJD local elected. Using the available statistical databases of Local Entities (2009; 2011), the author tries to answer the following questions: what are the main features of PJD representatives? Are they significantly different from other party elites? Do they ‘mirror’ the general characteristics of Moroccan population? The data reveals that representatives from PJD show a different social profile: younger, more educated and related to urban areas and professions. Keywords : PJD, local politics, social profile, islamism.
Proliferative kidney disease: first reported outbreak in North America
Abstract. Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) was diagnosed in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, at the Hagerman, Idaho, State Fish Hatchery. Wild fish from Riley Creek, one of the hatchery water supplies, were infected with PKD organisms. Clinical signs, gross pathology and histopathology of affected fish were typical of those reported for PKD in salmonids from European hatcheries. In addition to lesions normally seen, we observed a severe vasculitis and occlusion of renal and hepatic vessels. Ultrastructure of the PKD organism and possible inclusion body production sites are described. The disease outbreak was complicated by the presence of other infectious diseases. This is the first recorded outbreak of PKD in North America.