A framework for exploring ICTM impact on building design and management applied to a hospital development project. Proposing ICTM to building design and management for information consistent control of construction and service robots.
A framework for exploring ICTM impact on building design and management applied to a hospital development project. Proposing ICTM to building design and management for information consistent control of construction and service robots.
ICT and the Architectural Design Process – Introduction of an ICT Impact Matrix
The essential topic of this paper is the impact of ICT on the architectural design process in the early planning stages. A fundamental pillar of a successful building project is a good design process. The use of ICT has over the years in different ways influenced and to a certain degree also changed roles and processes within the building project. An understanding of how ICT influences the complex mechanisms within the early stages of the planning process can be seen as central to achieve project success. The aim of this paper is to contribute to a better understanding and overview of the current situation regarding ICT related challenges and benefits within four essential aspects of the architectural design process. These aspects are: the generation of design solutions, the communication, the evaluation of design solutions and the decision-making. In the first section of the paper based on a literature review, some key elements from previous research in the area will be explored. Furthermore, an ICT impact matrix will be introduced, based on the four selected design process aspects and a definition of three hierarchical levels: the micro-, mesoand macro-level. The matrix outline suggests a way to organize the discussed design process topics on an overall level, and intends to contribute with a better overview of the ICT related impacts on the architectural design process.
Production of xylanase by Aspergillus awamori on complex medium in stirred tank and airlift tower loop reactors
Abstract Aspergillus awamori was cultivated on complex medium containing wheat bran as sole carbon source in the precultures as well as in the main cultures in stirred tank and airlift tower loop reactors. The decomposition of the wheat bran particles by α -amylase and xylanase produced by the fungus was investigated by monitoring the enzyme activities, the CO 2 production rate, the concentrations of reducing sugars, glucose, xylose, phosphate and ammonium as well as by applying transmission electron microscopy. By applying synthetic medium in the preculture, the time lag was longer, the growth faster, the xylanase activity higher in the main culture, than by using wheat bran in the preculture. With increasing the stirrer speed the intimate contact between the pellets and the wheat bran was reduced, which caused a decrease of the growth and the xylanase production. By applying ground wheat bran, filamentous mycelium was formed, the growth and the substrate uptake rates increased, but the xylanase production decreased due to the less intimate contact between the fungus and the wheat bran. In the airlift tower loop reactor filamentous mycelium was formed due to the low specific power input. In spite of the high medium viscosity, high xylanase productivity was obtained. With ground wheat bran the particles were completely covered by filamentous mycelium, medium viscosity strongly increased and as consequence the growth and xylanase production decreased.