Finite element analysis of tire thermomechanical coupling rolling resistance
Based on the essential mechanism of tire rolling resistance, a finite element analysis method of handing thermomechanical coupling for rolling resistance was proposed. In order to verify the method, rolling resistance and temperature measurement experiments of rubber wheels made of tread rubber were conducted on a measured on RRS-?? model rolling resistance testing machine. Finite element analysis of rolling resistance and temperature of the wheels were also done, the results shew consistently coincides with that of test. Then the finite element analysis method was used to predict 12.00R20 tire rolling resistance and the influence factors on rolling resistance, such as inflation pressure, vertical loads and speeds were also analyzed.
The Rolling Loss of Pneumatic Tires
Abstract Tire energy loss has long been neglected as an area of scientific concern, in favor of other performance characteristics such as traction and wear. With the advent of federally mandated fu...
Evolution of carbide precipitates in Hastelloy N joints during welding and post weld heat treatment
Abstract The effects of welding and post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the morphology, composition and lattice parameter of the precipitates in the welding joints of Hastelloy N alloy have been investigated. Joint samples were prepared using a gas tungsten arc welding process with ERNiMo-2 fillers, and then solid-solution treated at 1100 °C for 20 min. After welding, eutectic M6C carbides can be observed in the heat affected zones (HAZ) and weld zones (WZ). These eutectic M6C carbides become spheroidized during the following PWHT. The concentration of Si decreases during the transformation from the primary ones to eutectic ones, and then increases during the spheroidizing process. The total concentration of Si + Cr in M6C carbides remains stable during welding and PWHT. At the same time, the heat leads to the outward diffusion of Mo from the M6C carbides, which results in a decrease of the lattice parameter.