Application of Vertical Micororeactor Stack with Polystylene Microbeads to Immuno Assay
This paper proposes a vertical microreactor stack, a new concept of the microreactor, using vertical fluid flow operation and multifunctional fluid filters and vertically stacked reservoirs. The vertical fluid flow operation utilizes the surface tension of the liquid/ gas interface and pneumatic pressure to control the liquid behavior in vertical microreactor stack. The functions as microvalve, microcahnnel and micromixer of the fluid filter are estimated by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and experiments. The enzyme linked immuno-solvent assay is demonstrated by using vertical microreactor stack and the calibration curve was successfully taken.
Large area and wide dimension range x-ray lithography for lithographite, galvanoformung, and abformung process using energy variable synchrotron radiation
We developed an x-ray lithography system for the “lithographite, galvanoformung, and abformung” process using synchrotron radiation at the NewSUBARU facility of the University of Hyogo, Hyogo, Japan. The x-ray lithography system can utilize two different energy regions: one is a high-energy region: from 2 to 12 keV, and the other is a low-energy region from 1 to 2 keV. Each energy region can be selected in accordance with the size and shape of the desired microstructures. Large-area patterning across an A4-size area was successfully performed with a highly uniform pattern thickness. Furthermore, high-aspect-ratio patterning using a high-x-ray-energy region was also achieved using this x-ray lithography system.
Noctilucent cloud observations over Greenland by a Rayleigh lidar
We report on the detection of noctilucent clouds (NLCs) by a Rayleigh lidar system located on the west coast of Greenland during operations in July and August 1994. The lidar detected NLCs in the zenith on three nights (July 28–29, July 31–August 1, and August 4). The lidar measurements are presented at temporal (1 minute) and spatial (192 meter) resolutions exceeding previously reported lidar measurements of NLCs and reveal significantly more structure in the clouds. Unique cloud features are observed for each night NLCs were detected. Because of the large backscatter ratio associated with NLCs, the volume backscatter coefficient for the cloud particles can be determined more accurately from the lidar signal than the backscatter ratio as the upper mesospheric molecular number density is negligible in the volume backscatter coefficient calculation. The volume backscatter coefficient values determined from the three nights of NLC observations would be classified by current models as moderate to extreme. The extreme backscatter from NLC measurements on August 4 tests the assumptions used in existing models.