Quantitative Interpretation of Seismic Facies - A case study, Oriente Basin Ecuador
Summary Interpretation of several 3D volumes from the Oriente basin suggests that faults define the extent of a given field. Additionally, the subtle stratigraphic boundaries characterised by the clay-filled zones of low porosity compartmentalise oil pools within a field. Identification of these zones is critical. In our experience, neural network based waveform classification has proven to be a successful tool to identify these zones. Qualitative analysis of seismic facies derived from the classification is a common practice. However, we demonstrate in this paper that the quantitative interpretation of seismic facies is possible provided a geological understanding of the seismic signatures is achieved. This paper discusses the extensive 1D-modeling carried out to comprehend the trace shape variations due to changing isopach of the sand/shale sequences, which was fundamental in assigning a realistic geological model to each facies. Also described in the paper is the workflow and a key methodology developed to derive “Net thickness” of reservoir sands from the seismic facies. Rigorous study of this technique on several 3D data sets from Ecuador’s Oriente Basin has produced results, which have established the foundation for understanding the depositional environments and the reservoir models, validated by subsequent drilling.
Interpretation of geologic facies in seismic volume using key rock elastic properties and high-definition facies templates
AbstractWe have developed a deterministic workflow in mapping the small-scale (centimeter level) subseismic geologic facies and reservoir properties from conventional poststack seismic data. The workflow integrated multiscale (micrometer to kilometer level) data to estimate rock properties such as porosity, permeability, and grain size from the core data; effective porosity, resistivity, and fluid saturations using petrophysical analyses from the log data; and rock elastic properties from the log and poststack seismic data. Rock properties, such as incompressibility (lambda), rigidity (mu), and density (rho) are linked to the fine-particle-volume (FPV) ranges of different facies templates. High-definition facies templates were used in building the high-resolution (centimeter level) near-wellbore images. Facies distribution and reservoir properties between the wells were extracted and mapped from the FPV data volume built from the poststack seismic volume. Our study focused on the heavy oil-bearing Cretace...
Growth from Solutions
Growth from solutions is the crystallization of a compound whose chemical composition differs markedly from that of the initial liquid phase. Commonly used solvents are water, multicomponent aqueous or nonaqueous solutions, and melts of some chemical compounds. Differentiations are made based on growth temperatures and on the chemical nature of the solvent. In growth from low-temperature aqueous solutions, the temperatures generally do not exceed 80–90°C; in growth from superheated aqueous solutions (hydrothermal method), they reach 800°C, and in growth from salt melts (molten-salt, flux, or fluxed melt growth), they usually do not exceed 1200–1300°C, but sometimes reach 1500°C.