Recent Developments in the Area of European Criminal Law
This contribution tries to highlight and scrutinize recent developments in the dynamic area of European criminal law at both the EC and EU level. In so doing the paper focuses on three judgments each providing new perspectives on, in particular, but not only, how far the Court of Justice is prepared to go in its role as integration activist; by identifying the principle of effectiveness as forming the leitmotif in the chase for constitutional evolution of European criminal law. The paper concludes, after also having discussed current legislative initiatives presented by the Commission, by asserting the need for caution and critical assessment.
The Internationalisation of Environmental Criminal Law: Rationales, Basis and Prospects
This chapter assesses the rationales, basis and prospects for the internationalisation of environmental criminal law, discussing the extent to which existing international legal frameworks could be used to prevent and punish environmental crime. It analyses in particular the potential scope for an extension of the current jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court (icc) over environmental crime; the role of multilateral environmental agreements (mea s) in leading countries to implement criminal measures for the protection of the environment; as well as the existing international legal frameworks aimed at facilitating interstate cooperation to combat environmental crime.
Practical, legal, and ethical issues in expanded access to investigational drugs.
The authors review the FDA policies and procedures that permit some patients with serious conditions to receive investigational drugs before formal product approval and examine the legal and ethical issues associated with expanded access.