A UNS S 32654 , A STAINLESS STEEL FOR CONDENSER TUBES
The new superaustenitic stainless steel UNS S32654 (Avesta Sheffield 654 SMO) is proposed for condenser tubes in desalination and power plants. A number of tests illustrating its corrosion resistance in a variety of chloride containing environments are being reviewed in terms of pitting, crevice corrosion and stress corrosion cracking. Relevant mechanical and physical properties are described. Health hazards and the impact on the environment are discussed as well as the cost benefits of using a stainless steel for this application.
Seawater resistance of a second generation superaustenitic stainless steel
The first generation of superaustenitic 6Mo steels like 254 SMO® has been further developed into a new steel–654 SMO®–containing very high amounts of those alloying elements most beneficial for the resistance to localized corrosion. 654 SMO is compared with other stainless steels and nickel-base alloys in tests performed in various kinds of seawater. The new steel is much superior to the 6Mo steel under all conditions investigated and compares favourably with Alloy C–276 in most tests. The most corrosive condition among those investigated represents a seawater system where aerobic and anaerobic areas exist simultaneously. 
 
 
 
Seewasserbestandigkeit einer zweiten Generation superaustenitischer, nichtrostender Stahle 
 
 
 
Die erste Generation der superaustenitischen 6Mo-Stahle, wie 254 SMO, ist zu einem neuen Stahl – 654 SMO® – weiterentwickelt worden, der sehr hohe Zusatze von Legierungselemente insbesondere mit verbesserndem Einflus auf die Bestandigkeit von Lokalkorrosion enthalt. 654 SMO wird anhand von Prufungen in verschiedenen Arten von Seewasser anderen nichtrostenden Stahlen und Nickelbasis-Legierungen vergleichend gegenubergestellt. Der neue Stahl ist dem 6Mo-Stahl unter allen gepruften Bedingungen weit uberlegen und kann sich auch in den meisten Prufungen erfolgreich mit Alloy C-276 vergleichen. Die hochsten korrosiven Prufbedingungen lagen in einem Seewassersystem mit gleichzeitig belufteten und unbelufteten Zonen vor.
Expected annual emergency miles per ambulance: an indicator for measuring availability of Emergency Medical Services resources.
CONTEXT
To ensure equitable access to prehospital care, as recommended by the Rural and Frontier Emergency Medical Services (EMS) Agenda for the Future, policymakers will need a uniform measure of EMS infrastructure.


PURPOSE AND METHODS
This paper proposes a county-level indicator of EMS resource availability that takes into consideration existing EMS resources (ambulances), population health and demographics, and geographic factors. The indicator, the EXpected annual emergency miles per AMBulance (EXAMB), provides a basis for comparing ambulance availability across counties within states. A method for calculating the EXAMB indicator is demonstrated using data from 5 states.


FINDINGS
The EXAMB indicator was negatively correlated with ambulance availability per 100,000 population in 4 of the 5 states in the study. The indicator was positively correlated with rurality in 3 states. In Mississippi, South Carolina, and Wyoming, whole-county health professional shortage areas had median EXAMB values 45%-81% higher than those of the non-health professional shortage areas counties.


CONCLUSIONS
Future research should explore the relationship of the EXAMB to EMS outcomes, with the ultimate goal of developing a nationally recognized indicator of "adequate" EMS resource availability.