Sources of economic growth and regional convergences in Morocco
Which strategy of growth and economic convergences of the Moroccan regionals to the support of a constant economic growth?¶Called a long time the "economic miracle", the economic growth has causes, a dynamics and consequences.¶ In fact, it of it is nothing miracle since a vigorous growth can be analyzed and explained.¶The actions should target then the infrastructures, the human capital (education and health), the Research and Development (D-R) which are the sources of this growth.¶From now on, the economic growth must be targeted not only on the level of the sectors of the national economy but more especially on the level of its areas.¶Consequently the downward approach, which purely sectoral and is supported by the financial equalization, must be replaced by the strategy of development based on the regional endogenous growth.¶In such a context, the economy morocaine will gain, certainly, of the additional points of growth.¶ ¶In short, the growth at the macroeconomic level needs powerful regional economic.¶The regional economic growth, it also, requires the activation of the factors of growth and the reduction of the regional disparities which are dependent.¶The good working of the factors of growth, on its side, requires good a gouvernance economic.¶
La gouvernance communautaire et les nouvelles relations entre l'État et les collectivités locales
La decentralisation etait un processus par lequel l’Etat, de sa propre initiative, « accordait » une plus large autonomie aux collectivites locales. Aujourd’hui, dans la plupart des pays developpes, les initiatives en faveur de la decentralisation viennent aussi des collectivites locales elles-memes, parce que de vastes pans de la politique interieure de ces pays relevent desormais de plusieurs niveaux de decision. Les dirigeants des villes et des agglomerations urbaines ont vu s’accroitre leur pouvoir de negociation dans la mesure ou les autorites de niveau superieur comptent sur eux pour appliquer les lois et les programmes qu’elles ont adoptes. D’autre part, les autorites locales ont renforce leur capacite a resoudre elles-memes leurs problemes et leur capacite de « gouvernance communautaire » en obtenant le soutien de la population locale, en developpant des partenariats et en modernisant leur administration. Un nouvel equilibre entre l’Etat et les collectivites locales semble donc s’etablir sur la base d’une philosophie (dualiste) de la cooperation. Mais, pour exploiter pleinement les possibilites de modernisation offertes par ce nouvel equilibre, les collectivites locales devront beneficier d’une legislation coherente et mettre en pratique une strategie proactive qui tienne compte des interets fondamentaux de l’Etat.
Human capital and regional convergence in Canada
Proposes an empirical analysis of regional convergence in Canada based on the growth model of Barro et al. In an open economy with perfect capital mobility, if domestic residents cannot borrow abroad with human capital as collateral, the dynamics of human capital accumulation is the driving force of per capita income growth. Empirical results indicate that, as predicted by the theoretical model, various indicators of the stock of human capital did converge at the same speed as per capita income during the 1951‐1996 period. A substantial part of the relative growth of per capita income indicators across Canadian provinces since the early 1950s could be explained by the convergence process of human capital indicators based on the percentage of the population, both sexes and males, who have at least a university degree. The estimates of the human capital share in national income based on those indicators are in the neighbourhood of 0.5, a number consistent with other measures of the implicit income share of human capital. The convergence speed of per capita income at the regional level might have been two to three times faster, if all persons had invested in education at the same rate as the young.