Kazakhs, a Nation of Two Identities
Kazakhstan has arrived at a civilizational crossroads. Kazakhs want to break away from the Soviet past, but traditionalist resistance to modernizing trends may prevent it from becoming a democracy.
Urbanization and Urban Planning in Capitalist Society
This is a collection of papers concerning various aspects of urbanization and planning. The papers are organized under the following major headings: the urban question prolegomena to a theory of urbanization and planning urbanization and planning in capitalist society commodity production and urban development reproduction and the dynamics of urban life and urbanization and the political sphere. The primary objective of the book is to attempt to define a general theory of urbanization and its dependence on the structure of the capitalistic mode of production. The major geographical emphasis is on the developed market economy countries.
Pig Vocalizations Under Selected Husbandry Practices
Acoustical characteristics of vocalizations of sows, piglets, and nursery pigs under selected husbandry practices were analyzed with a digital signal processing system. The duration (D) and major energy-resonance frequency (P) for each call were determined as follows: a) processing of piglets (D = 0.81 s and f* = 3 700 Hz); b) food anticipation of breeding-gest ation sows (2.50 s and 3 000 Hz); c) isolation of piglet (0.34 s and 500, 3 500 Hz); d) startling of nursery pigs (0.29 s and 900 Hz); e) sows in heat (3.07 s and 1 375 Hz); f) farrowing (0.10 s and 3 000 Hz); g) sow nursing (0.15 s and 1 000 Hz); and h) mate greeting of sow (0.13 s and 1 000 Hz). Calls a) to d) are responses to human generated stressors, and calls e) through h) responses to social and physiological states of the pigs. Thus, vocalizations can be segmented for different pig production situations.