ESD events of cabled GMR sensors
ESD damage from cable discharge events (CDEs) of magnetoresistive sensors is a major problem in manufacturing of magnetic tape and hard disk drives. CDEs initiated by contact to the cable pads used to connect to external electronics represent one source. This paper addresses CDEs from other points of contact, including capacitive coupling to metal objects contacting the cable. In order for capacitively coupled ESD events to damage the sensor the capacitive coupling of the two sensor leads to the external object being discharge must be different.
A thermodynamic study of ESD and EOS induced pinned layer reversal in GMR sensors
Most Giant Magnetoresistive GMR sensors use antiparallel (AP) pinned ferromagnets stabilized with Mn-based antiferromagnets (AFMs). We show that with IrMn and PtMn AFMs, the thermodynamics of the reversal of the pinned layer magnetic orientation following a reverse bias current is governed by an Arrhenius temperature dependence associated with the AP pinned ferromagnets rather than a Blocking, Néel or Curie temperature.
Church, state and schools in Britain, 1800-1970
Originally published 1971, this volume unravels the complicated history of the religious question in British education. The background of the key Acts of Parliament which established the "dual" system - of Church and Local Authority school - is examined. The changing policies of different religious groupings are analyzed, and their outcome in legislation brought out.