A COMPETITIVIDADE E O GRAU DE CONCENTRAÇÃO DAS EXPORTAÇÕES DO COMPLEXO SOJA DO BRASIL, DA ARGENTINA E DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DA AMÉRICA NO PERÍODO 1995/2010
This paper analyzes the export competitiveness of soybean in Brazil, Argentina and the United States and the degree of concentration in the main export markets of these countries in the period 1995/2010, using both the index of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Concentration ratio (CR). The results reveal, based on the CR3 , that Argentina and Brazil show an increase in the concentration ratio of even crushed soybeans and crude soybean oil, while the US in even crushed soybeans and fractionated soybean oil even. The RCA index shows advantages for all products/countries in both years, except the soy flour to Brazil and Argentina that had values below one. For the US the indexes were lower when compared to the other countries, although it remained as the main exporter of soy flour, fractionated soybean oil even and even crushed soybeans.
COMPETITIVIDADE INTERNACIONAL DAS EXPORTAÇÕES DE AÇÚCAR NO PERÍODO DE 1991-2014
O Brasil detem um grande destaque na producao canavieira mundial, sendo o maior produtor e exportador de acucar. Mas, com as profundas transformacoes que vem ocorrendo no comercio internacional de acucar as situacoes de mercado tem oscilado bastante. Na literatura nao foram encontrados trabalhos de avaliacao do desempenho brasileiro frente aos demais principais exportadores mundiais de acucar. Por isso, objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho das exportacoes e a competitividade dos principais paises exportadores de acucar, no periodo de 1991 e 2014 utilizando da metodologia Constant-Market-Share. Foram utilizadas series historicas de dados de exportacao mundial de acucar. Foram utilizados os principais paises que trabalham no processo de exportacao do acucar, sendo eles: a Australia, o Brasil, a Guatemala e a Tailândia. Para avaliar o desempenho e a competitividade dos paises empregou-se da analise de correlacao de Pearson e o modelo de Constant-Market-Share. Os paises que demonstraram maior correlacao com a exportacao mundial foram em ordem crescente a Tailândia, a Guatemala e o Brasil. O Brasil deteve o maior desempenho de exportacao de acucar, enquanto que a Australia evidenciou o menor desempenho de exportacao do periodo de 1991 a 2014. O Brasil demonstrou tambem a maior competitividade internacional.
Genetics of the phenotypic evolution in sheep: a molecular look at diversity-driving genes
Background After domestication, the evolution of phenotypically-varied sheep breeds has generated rich biodiversity. This wide phenotypic variation arises as a result of hidden genomic changes that range from a single nucleotide to several thousands of nucleotides. Thus, it is of interest and significance to reveal and understand the genomic changes underlying the phenotypic variation of sheep breeds in order to drive selection towards economically important traits. Review Various traits contribute to the emergence of variation in sheep phenotypic characteristics, including coat color, horns, tail, wool, ears, udder, vertebrae, among others. The genes that determine most of these phenotypic traits have been investigated, which has generated knowledge regarding the genetic determinism of several agriculturally-relevant traits in sheep. In this review, we discuss the genomic knowledge that has emerged in the past few decades regarding the phenotypic traits in sheep, and our ultimate aim is to encourage its practical application in sheep breeding. In addition, in order to expand the current understanding of the sheep genome, we shed light on research gaps that require further investigation. Conclusions Although significant research efforts have been conducted in the past few decades, several aspects of the sheep genome remain unexplored. For the full utilization of the current knowledge of the sheep genome, a wide practical application is still required in order to boost sheep productive performance and contribute to the generation of improved sheep breeds. The accumulated knowledge on the sheep genome will help advance and strengthen sheep breeding programs to face future challenges in the sector, such as climate change, global human population growth, and the increasing demand for products of animal origin.