Anti-Semites on Zionism: From Indifference to Obsession
This article compares European and Middle Eastern anti-Semitism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. From the 1870s through the 1930s, in parallel fashion anti-Semitism became a mobilizing, all-embracing ideology in Europe, while the Arab world witnessed an eruption of anticolonial and nationalist sentiment, often directed against the Zionist project. Arab anti-Semitism featured the irrational and fantastic qualities of its European counterpart, but it took form against the reality of the Zionist project. The article draws a distinction between the realms of systemic intolerance, aggravated by socio-economic crisis, and political strife, driven by discrete events and policies. Its main sources are fin-de-siècle European anti-Semites' writings on Zionism, which are shown to be fundamentally different from the anti-Zionist rhetoric emanating from the Middle East at that time.
What is "Islamic fundamentalism"?
noun corresponding to salafi), thus making it obtiose in my view. 13 Both Mawd&umacr;d&imacr; and Qutb seem to see the development of Islamic jurisprudence as essentially sound up to the time of European imperialism (ILC , p. 59-60; ’Ad&amacr;lah, p. 17-18). The standard view of Sh&imacr;’&imacr; jurisprudence also values the ijma‘ of preceding generations but is not bound by it, not holding the gate of ijtih &amacr; d to be closed. The standard view of Sh&imacr;’&imacr; jurisprudence also values the ijm &amacr; ’ ofpreceding generations but is not bound by it, not holding the gate of ijtih &amacr; d to be closed.
A German Women's Movement: Class and Gender in Hanover, 1880-1933
Nancy Reagin analyzes the rhetoric, strategies, and programs of more than eighty bourgeois women's associations in Hanover, a large provincial capital, from the Imperial period to the Nazi seizure of power. She examines the social and demographic foundations of the Hanoverian women's movement, interweaving local history with developments on the national level. Using the German experience as a case study, Reagin explores the links between political conservatism and a feminist agenda based on a belief in innate gender differences. Reagin's analysis encompasses a wide variety of women's organizations--feminist, nationalist, religious, philanthropic, political, and professional. It focuses on the ways in which bourgeois women's class background and political socialization, and their support of the idea of 'spiritual motherhood,' combined within an antidemocratic climate to produce a conservative, maternalist approach to women's issues and other political matters. According to Reagin, the fact that the women's movement evolved in this way helps to explain why so many middle-class women found National Socialism appealing. | The Rise of Modern Business compares and analyzes the development of business and business institutions in several countries from the preindustrial era to the present. For this third edition, Blackford updates his study in light of new scholarship, with special attention paid to the structural diversity of business firms and with a timely discussion about the reciprocal relationship between business and the environment. The business history of Germany is extensively updated, and there is entirely new coverage of the business history of China, a country whose growing political and economic prowess on the world stage demands the historical and contextual understanding of business scholars today.