Islam balkanique et intégration européenne
HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés. Islam balkanique et intégration européenne Xavier Bougarel
Local Views: Scepticism Towards Europe and Its Consequences
This chapter considers Western Balkan citizens, whose critical, Eurosceptic views are frequently neglected in the analysis of EU enlargement processes. After a brief discussion of what is meant by Euroscepticism, it provides some evidence of its growth in the region and it offers an account of the main reasons for this trend. Finally, it examines the consequences of the rise of Euroscepticism. While there are no short-term, realistic alternatives to further integration into the EU, other options—most importantly developing closer ties with Russia—are increasingly debated locally. Overall, growing levels of Euroscepticism reflect frustration with the EU’s real and perceived failures to meet citizens’ expectations, rather than a radical rejection of the institutions and principles underpinning liberal peacebuilding and the process of European integration.
A Method For Geometric Processing Of Optical Satellite Images Using Automatically Determined Ground Control Information
Orthorectification is the process to convert imagery into map-accurate forms by removing sensor, satellite motion and terrain related geometric distortions from raw imagery and is one of the main pre-processing steps for application oriented evaluations. Although optical satellite data of high geometric resolution can be orthorectified to absolute geometric accuracies of about 5 m to several hundred meters - depending on the satellite mission - using the metadata information from the satellite data providers (e.g. satellite position, velocity and attitude at any instant of time during data acquisition, camera internal geometry), there is still a need to improve the geometric accuracy by using Ground Control Points (three dimensional real world coordinates, which have to be identified in the satellite image). The manual measurement of such Ground Control Points by operators is a time consuming work leading to a cost and time ineffective project completion. This paper proposes a method and procedure to automatically extract Ground Control Points from already existing orthorectified images of superior geometric quality (reference images), which are used to improve the geometric accuracy as well as to produce at least consistent data sets.