National Bibliography in Nigeria: Its Growth, Development and International Dimensions
Nigeria was the first country in Black Africa to have a current national bibliography. The responsibility for the production of the national bibliography, known as Nigerian Publications from 1953, when the first issue appeared, to 1973 when it changed its name to the National Bibliography of Nigeria, was transferred from the Ibadan University Library, Nigeria's largest research library, to the National Library of Nigeria in June 1970. Although the National Library was officially opened in 1964, it was not invested with this national bibliographic responsibility until 1970. The compilation of the national bibliography by the Ibadan University Library from 1953 to 1970 was a voluntary task not backed up by any national legislation, although the enactment of the Nigeria Publications Ordinance 1950, which required two copies of every book published in the country to be deposited with the Ibadan University College Library, as it was then known, enabled the Library to assume responsibility for the preparation of the national bibliography.
Problems of Bibliographie Control in Nigeria
Donald Davinson has culled together a number of definitions of the term "Bibliographic Control" which together bring out the essence of the concept. Briefly it means control over a given set of literature through its systematic listing in bibliographies. We define literature here to mean the records of human knowledge or human communication in whatever form presented; and a given set of literature could be literature of a subject or group of subjects, or of a given country or given period. In this paper, we shall be concerned with the literature of Nigeria. Bibliography is used here in its widest sense and includes library catalogues,indexes and abstracts. Our task in this paper is to consider the problems of bibliographic control äs defined above in so far äs they relate to Nigeria and to highlight the efforts that have been made to overcome them. We shall tackle this assignment under two broad headings, namely:
Production of xylanase by Aspergillus awamori on complex medium in stirred tank and airlift tower loop reactors
Abstract Aspergillus awamori was cultivated on complex medium containing wheat bran as sole carbon source in the precultures as well as in the main cultures in stirred tank and airlift tower loop reactors. The decomposition of the wheat bran particles by α -amylase and xylanase produced by the fungus was investigated by monitoring the enzyme activities, the CO 2 production rate, the concentrations of reducing sugars, glucose, xylose, phosphate and ammonium as well as by applying transmission electron microscopy. By applying synthetic medium in the preculture, the time lag was longer, the growth faster, the xylanase activity higher in the main culture, than by using wheat bran in the preculture. With increasing the stirrer speed the intimate contact between the pellets and the wheat bran was reduced, which caused a decrease of the growth and the xylanase production. By applying ground wheat bran, filamentous mycelium was formed, the growth and the substrate uptake rates increased, but the xylanase production decreased due to the less intimate contact between the fungus and the wheat bran. In the airlift tower loop reactor filamentous mycelium was formed due to the low specific power input. In spite of the high medium viscosity, high xylanase productivity was obtained. With ground wheat bran the particles were completely covered by filamentous mycelium, medium viscosity strongly increased and as consequence the growth and xylanase production decreased.