ULTRASONIC INVESTIGATION OF THE EYE WITH A NEW CONTACT METHOD AND WITH THREE DIFFERENT REAL‐TIME PRESENTATIONS
The ultrasound examination was carried out by means of a crystal with a 40° sector scan, which was pressed either against the eyelid or directly against the sclera. The real‐time display was obtained by either A‐mode, B‐mode or combined A/B‐mode scanning. In clinical applications, both the resolution capacity and the sensitivity of the device were good. A‐mode scanning gave the greatest accurary in amplitude measurement, while the A/B‐mode yielded the most concrete topographic picture of the target.
Erkrankungen des Augapfels aus echographischer Sicht
Mit Ultraschall-Biometrie oder Echometrie wird die Messung von akustisch quasi homogenen Langen und Strecken am lebenden Korper mittels Ultraschall bezeichnet, sowie die davon ausgehende Berechnung von Flachen und Rauminhalten der Gewebe. (Der Begriff „Biometrie“wurde der Biomathematik und Biostatistik entlehnt.)
Distribution-free monitoring of univariate processes
We consider statistical process control (SPC) of univariate processes when observed data are not normally distributed. Most existing SPC procedures are based on the normality assumption. In the literature, it has been demonstrated that their performance is unreliable in cases when they are used for monitoring non-normal processes. To overcome this limitation, we propose two SPC control charts for applications when the process data are not normal, and compare them with the traditional CUSUM chart and two recent distribution-free control charts. Some empirical guidelines are provided for practitioners to choose a proper control chart for a specific application with non-normal data.