High voltage capacitors designed to avoid catastrophic failure modes
A major concern in the operation of high voltage capacitors is the failure mode at end of life. While progress has been made in this area at lower voltages, little has changed for high current capacitors operating above 30 kV in steady state and pulsed power applications. Based on a new development at Maxwell Energy Products, Inc., it is now possible to build capacitors that can operate with a high degree of safety at high voltages. The capacitors reach the normal end of life, while avoiding the catastrophic failures, collateral damage, and unscheduled maintenance, associated with the normal failure mode of today's high voltage capacitors. This paper discusses the problem, capacitor failure modes, capacitor designs and describes a solution to the problem of catastrophic high voltage capacitor failures.
Capacitor Tank-Rupture Prevention -- I2t Considerations
This paper treats capacitor tank-rupture prevention from an I2t viewpoint and provides for the extension of the time-to-rupture curves into the low current very long time energy domain commensurate with partial failure of the capacitors. The generation of the appropriate I2t curves for fuses and capacitors is presented accompanied by recommendations for the prevention of rupture utilizing expulsion and current-limiting fuses.
Mathematical Modeling of Scour and Deposition
Electronic computers are opening up the field of sedimentation engineering by permitting the analysis of problems which heretofore have required too much time and effort. Movable stream bed profiles are being calculated in addition to water surface profiles. The initial gradation of sediment material in the stream bed may be prescribed to facilitate the calculation of an armor layer. This gradation is continually changed by the computer program in response to sediment particles being deposited on the stream bed and material on the stream bed being removed to satisfy transport capacity. Hydraulic sorting of sediment by grain size is accomodated. The stream bed does not have to be represented by a single grain size. Retardance of motion because of armor layer is calculated.