Environmental sanitation in Nigeria: colonial and contemporary
The state's preoccupation with sanitation reached a peak in 1985 during the latter months of the Buhari regime. Environmental sanitation was chosen as the theme for the fifth phase of the war Against Indiscipline (WAI), which was launched in Kano on 29 July 1985 by the then Chief of Staff, Supreme Headquarters, Major-General Idiagbon. He announced that a one million naira prize would be awarded for the cleanest capital.
An Assessment of Water Related Diseases in a Nigerian Community
Information on the general health problems in Ota was provided while the ailments that are directly related to water were highlighted and discussed. The information was gathered by questionnaire application, using non-quota sampling technique. The target respondents were health care workers such as doctors, nurses and pharmacists who work in hospitals and primary health care centers situated in the municipality. It was observed that out of the top seven diseases that are most frequently reported in Ota, five were water related. These diseases include malaria, typhoid, vital organ failure, cholera and skin disease. Reasons for the high level of water related ailments were explained by poor level of supply of potable water to the municipality, as well as poor sanitation practices by the residents.
F. S. Malan, the Cape Liberal Tratition, and South African Politics 1908–1924
F. S. Malan's role, and the influence of the Cape ‘liberal’ tradition in the post-Union era, have been seriously under-estimated. As Minister of Mines and Industries and effective Minister of Native Affairs, Malan was responsible for the passage of a comprehensive system of labour legislation between 1913 and 1924, linked to a new initiative in ‘native policy’ in urban areas. The limitations of such an initiative must, however, not be lost sight of, for in the last analysis few of the Cape ‘liberals’ would have been prepared to face the full social and economic, let alone the political implications of a multi-racial society, and Malan was no exception. His initiative can best be seen as differing in tone rather than in substance from the politics of his colleagues. In his defence of the Cape franchise, Malan sought to defend African citizenship rights within a limited ‘political’ context. It was only during the brief period after 1918 that he attempted a settlement of race and industrial problems, but even then, as a Cape ‘liberal’, he never challenged the basis of the status quo in South Africa. Yet it is still true to say that he was ousted from party politics in the Union after 1924 largely because he persistently adhered to a different political tradition to that held by those who led both the SAP and the National Party.