Women and American Politics
This bibliography is intended to serve as a guide to information about women's participation in American politics. Emphasis is on materials published since 1965, but landmark works published earlier are also included. Many documents are from unpublished sources; information on obtaining them is available from the Center for the American Woman and Politics (CAVP). Citations include information on the following topics; women holding elective and appointive office or employed in government or public service; voting behavior, political attitudes, political participation, and socialization of women; women in the political parties; and women's election campaigns. Also included are a limited number of citations to materials on public policy issues related to women's rights such as the Equal Rights Amendment, abortion, child care, employment, education, and legal rights. Entries are arranged according to document type and are listed alphabetically by author or main entry. Periodicals are not indexed. A general subject index is provided. The bibliography is updated periodically. (Author/KSE) ott'w 04' OSPARTMONTOP NUM NAT IONNI. INIIIIWTS OP BOVCATION TMII 00CuPAINt HAI MIN 01010 OHM NNACILv Al *ItilltelO ROM hut PINION ON ONOSHHIMION MOM At '54 $t POIPIPI OP VII* ON OPINIONS 11/010 CO NOP HICIIIAMLn 0101111 LINT OPP OVAL NATIONAL INSTITUT* OP IDOCATION Ramps OR MA," WOMEN AND AMERICAN POLITICS A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY, 1965-1974
The Status of Women in State and Local Government
In the past decade women have become increasingly aware of their subordinate role in the world of work. During this period the number of publications on women's education and careers has increased substantially. Of the 334 major studies and reports about women published since 1960, 37% have appeared in 1970 and 1971 [3], and only five dealt specifically with women in public employment. This paper aims to update some of the information in a 1962 report prepared by the Public Personnel Association at the request of the President's Commission on the Status of Women [13] concerning the Equality of Opportunity for Women in Public Employment. Its purpose is to highlight positive actions being taken on behalf of women working for state and local government as well as to describe the concerns of women employees and the laws affecting them. This increased research interest in women in the work force also corresponded to the use women have been making of newly enacted laws and executive orders concerning equal employment opportunities. The section of the 1964 Civil Rights Act under Title VII that prohibits sex discrimination in private employment has been the concern of the Harvard Law Review [8] and Yale Law Journal [6]. About one-third of the Title VII cases involving all types of discrimination have been found to involve sex discrimination [15]. Executive Order 11375 issued by President Johnson in 1967, prohibiting sex discrimination in federal contracts and subcontracts, has been the basis for formal charges of sex discrimination filed by the Women's Equity Action League against more than 250 colleges and universities. Furthermore, as of February 1970 [20], 16 states had prohibited sex discrimination in public employment. The prohibition of sex discrimination was also included in the 1971 revision of Merit System Standards for federally grant-aided programs. The determination of the status of women in state and local government is difficult because of the lack of adequate documentation. In an effort to learn more about policies and programs affecting women employees for this report, I contacted eight states, three cities, one consolidated citycounty, and two counties in September 1971. This sample of 14 jurisdictions is undoubtedly biased since those included had a high probability of offering some special
Arab Uprisings and the Outstanding Return to Democracy: Tunisia as a Model
In the wake of the Middle Eastern crises, the Tunisian case in focus has been doted as a unique phenomenon being that it was the Genesis of the revolution that ultimately spread across the Middle East like wild fire, but has eventually heralded a new dawn as democracy has incidentally returned to the Empire. This literature therefore looks closely at the extent to which the ‘DignityRevolution’ has been instrumental in the Middle East uprisings, which have brought an end to dynastic autocracies. The literature zeros in on the Tunisian uprising which has attracted global concerns, sympathy and has sparked interests in the international arena. The literature finds that the people hold colossal prospect in the uprising and its resultant effect, as it paved the way for the revolutionist to generate, gather and disseminate information on the condition of the entire region to the international community. The people in this context were of utmost importance and played a very crucial role in the creation of awareness, mobilization of protesters and utmost determining the direction of the uprising and also ensuring a speedy return to democratic rule. The paper submits that the role of the people in ensuring that the ruins of the uprising is not left littering around and democracy restored is highly commendable and should be a model for all other Arab countries involved in the revolution.