The Diagnosis Analysis Of Regional Innovation-Approaches
The communitary strategic orientations that the European institutions promoted since Octomber 2006 have at their base the fact that research and innovation have a direct contribution at the prosperity and the welfare of the individual and of the community. The main objective of the research and technological development policy promoted by the European Union is that in the following years this regional group to become the most competitive economy based on knowledge in the world. The studies have shown that the density of the local networks of knowledge and their degree of involvement in the making of a plus of wealth in the region could have a ecisive contribution at the dynamism and the competivity of the enterprises, of the business enviromenent, in general.
Fiscal Transparency in EU Accession Countries Progress and Future Challenges
This paper discusses the findings of fiscal transparency reports on standards and codes (ROSCs) for most EU accession candidate countries. Emphasis is given to the need to establish effective and accountable medium-term budget frameworks to establish policy credibility and anchor adjustment programs to meet EU fiscal goals. Adoption of budgeting and accounting standards consistent with the IMF Government Finance Statistics Manual 2001 framework will also help link budget decisions to EU standards of fiscal reporting. More consistent and comprehensive coverage of off-budget activities is needed for assessing fiscal risk and sustainability. Finally, local government issues need to be addressed by many of these countries since EU fiscal goals are set with reference to general government. Progress in all of these areas can be monitored by keeping fiscal ROSC assessments up to date.
Distributed Public Governance: Agencies, Authorities and Other Autonomous Bodies in Canada
Canada’s experience in creating new organisational forms for service delivery is a product of its distinct culture and its political form, federalism. In 1867, Canada adopted a federal form of government. Because the new country included diverse linguistic, cultural and regional communities, federalism was seen as a compromise between full integration of the independent colonies and the status quo. Its champions thought that it would unite different communities under a common government for common purposes while preserving and respecting their differences and diversity through the creation of separate regional governments.