Developing of appropriate urban housing concepts in developing countries
The Modular Urban Housing Concept for Tanzania, MUHCT, is a practical example of the theoretical model which concentrates on ranges of activities in a logical and systematic way.
Structural Masonry Designers' Manual
This new handbook covers the main structural elements and forms of brick and blockwork, the application of reinforcing and post-tensioning and some of the authors' recent developments. A major feature is a series of step-by-step design examples of typical elements and buildings. The manual contains the following chapters: advantages and disadvantages of structural masonry; design philosophy; limit state design; basis of design (1): vertical loading; basis of design (2): lateral loading--tensile and shear strength; strapping, propping and tying of loadbearing masonry; stability, accidental damage and progressive collapse; structural elements and forms; design of masonry elements (1): vertically loaded; design of masonry elements (2): combined bending and axial loading; design of single-storey buildings; fin and diaphragm walls in tall single-storey buildings; design of multi-storey structures; reinforced and post-tensioned masonry; arches. Appendix 1 deals with materials, Appendix 2 with components, Appendix 3 with movement joints, Appendix 4 with provision for services. Appendix 5 presents tables of design loads. (TRRL)
Avian infectious bronchitis.
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is caused by the gammacoronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The virus causes infections mainly in chickens and is a significant pathogen of commercial meat and egg type birds. IB is an acute, contagious disease characterised primarily by respiratory signs in growing chickens. In hens, decreased egg production and quality are often observed. Some strains of the virus are nephropathogenic and produce interstitial nephritis and mortality. The severity of IBV-induced respiratory disease is enhanced by the presence of other pathogens, including bacteria, leading to chronic complicated airsacculitis. Diagnosis of IB requires virus isolation or demonstration of viral nucleic acid from diseased flocks. Demonstration of a rising serum antibody response may also be useful. The widespread use of live and inactivated vaccines may complicate both the interpretation of virus isolation and serology findings. The occurrence of antigenic variant strains may overcome immunity induced by vaccination.