REDD+ and Forest Carbon Rights in Fiji: Background Legal Analysis
The introduction of the mechanism Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) under the UNFCCC provided developing countries with the prospect of a financial incentive to reduce their levels of deforestation and forest degradation. The report discusses forest carbon rights and the ownership of the rights in the context of land tenure and the existing laws, particularly in relation to land, forests and timber rights in Fiji. Consideration is given to how a REDD+ policy might be implemented in Fiji, including the appropriate repository of forest carbon rights, the reconciliation of competing rights to lands and forests and necessary administrative arrangements and legislative changes.
World Atlas of Mangroves
Foreword Preface Introduction 1. Mangrove Ecosystems 2. Mangroves and Man 3. Mapping Mangroves Regional Chapters Western Indian Ocean 4. Eastern and Southern Africa 5. The Middle East 6. South Asia Eastern Asia and Australia/New Zealand 7. Southeast Asia 8. East Asia 9. Australia and New Zealand Pacific Ocean 10. Pacific Islands Americas 11. North and Central America and the Caribbean 12. South America West and Central Africa 13. West and Central Africa Annex 1: Species Ranges Annex 2: References for National Statistics Index
Description of roughness profiles by separating the random and periodic components
Abstract The probability that it is not possible to obtain a significant description of roughness profiles composed of random and periodic components by using statistical methods is discussed. It is shown that the random and periodic components can be separated by using the frequency spectrum and the autocorrelation function of the profile. The physical significance of the separate components is discussed and it is shown that it is possible to describe a long crested surface by a single profile using these components The method of separating the random and periodic components allows a parametrical description of the roughness profile to be given. It is then possible to use these parameters to calculate a synthetic signal sign with the same basic properties as the measured profile.