Organizing Intelligence: An Introduction to the 1955 Report on Colonial Security
Abstract This article introduces, places in historical context and publishes selected extracts from chapter one of the Report on Colonial Security, which deals specifically with intelligence organisation both in London and overseas. Written by General Sir Gerald Templer in 1955, the report (particularly the intelligence aspects) is significant for the following reasons: it highlights the centralized and colonial intelligence failures in a particularly frank and candid manner; it details channels of communication and liaison between London and the colonies which remain classified elsewhere; and it had a substantial impact on the subsequent reorganisation and reform of intelligence in Whitehall and across the British Empire.
British Intelligence and the Cyprus Insurgency, 1955–1959
Since the 1970s, many academics have researched the Cypriot struggle for independence, therefore the literature on the subject is rich. Robert Holland’s Britain and the Revolt in Cyprus is seminal and well-documented, focusing on the overall political, diplomatic, and military history of the Cyprus crisis. Published within the same subject area were Cyprus: Conflict and Conciliation, 1954–1958 by St. Xydis and Isle of Discord: Nationalism, Imperialism and the Making of the Cyprus Problem by Ioannis Stefanidis. Evanthis Hatzivassiliou focused on the political and constitutional aspects in his Britain and the International Status of Cyprus, 1955–1959. With reference to secret intelligence, Richard Aldrich, in The Hidden Hand: Britain, America and Cold War Secret Intelligence, dedicated a chapter to the Cyprus insurgency, presenting information on covert action, mainly from secondary sources. He also emphasized the strategic importance of British and American intelligence bases in Cyprus during the Cold War. As Royal Air Force Air Vice Marshal Peter Philpot put it, Cyprus ‘‘was an indispensable and irreplaceable center for providing ‘Y’ service intelligence.’’ Fragmented information about British operations against
Chemical-Looping Combustion of Biomass in a 10 kWth Reactor with Iron Oxide As an Oxygen Carrier
Chemical-looping combustion of biomass was carried out in a 10 kWth reactor with iron oxide as an oxygen carrier. A total 30 h of test was achieved with the same batch of iron oxide oxygen carrier. The effect of the fuel reactor temperature on gas composition of the fuel reactor and the air reactor, the proportion of biomass carbon reacting in the fuel reactor, and the conversion of biomass carbon to CO2 in the fuel reactor was experimentally investigated. The results showed that the CO production from biomass gasification with CO2 was more temperature dependent than the CO oxidation with iron oxide in the fuel reactor, and an increase in the fuel reactor temperature produced a higher increase for the CO production from biomass gasification than for the oxidation of CO by iron oxide. Although the conversion of biomass carbon to CO2 in the fuel reactor decreased with the increase of the fuel reactor temperature, there was a substantial increase in the proportion of biomass carbon reacting in the fuel react...