The Inforum Model of the Polish Economy
A demand-oriented model for Poland is developed. A number of special features are incorporated to reflect the realities of the Polish economy and to take advantage of some of the statistics which are available in Poland but not in Western Europe. These special features include disequilibrium indicators in the consumer demand equations, direct measurement of capital stocks and technological progress, allowance for hoarding of obsolete equipment, strong connections between input coeffcients and new investment, and the treatment of liquidity overhang. Results of simulations showed correctly in advance the effects of the 1990 austerity policy. Experiments indicate the best way to use foreign investment funds.
PCE in IMPEC Model - Constructing a Database
In the 20 years history of the IMPEC model PCE (personal consumption expenditures) equations have been estimated many times. Number of categories distinguished varied from 1 to 18. The maximum number of categories (18) is not very high according to standards of Inforum type models. For example, number of equations in US model is 93, Spanish 42, Japanese – 85. The reason of the comparatively small number of categories in the Polish model has been the lack of data. In the middle of 90-ties equations of 18 PCE categories were estimated using Almon’s PADS system (see Almon 1996). The first results were presented for the Inforum Conference in Bertinoro in 1997. Refined results were presented for the Macromodels conference in 1999 and published in the conference proceedings (Plich 2000). That time not much attention was paid to present the methodology of constructing of time series being the base for the estimations.
A Study on Technology Embedded English Classes Using QR Codes
The development of information and technology has brought plenty of changes to the educational environment. The prevalence of smart phones is particularly playing a huge role in shaping learning methods. Smart phones provide the opportunity to scan QR codes, which can greatly ease access to information. Due to a high recognition speed, recognition rate, and restoration rate, they can be useful tools for English teachers to use in their class. In this study, we suggest using QR codes for writing and picture descriptions. Based on this study, more research should invest in Technology Embedded English teaching models to create better English classes for students.