The Effect of Declining Wool Prices, Wheat Quotas and Debt Reconstruction on the Financial Viability of Australian Farmers
An examination of the decline in net farm income between 1966-67 and 1969-70 indicates that in the three major zones the following size groups will be non-viable (l) In the High Rainfall Zone, farms with less than 2,000 and more than 10,000 sheep, comprising 85 per cent of farms in the Zone. (2) In the Wheat Sheep Zone, farms with less than 1,000 sheep, comprising 56 per cent of farms. (3) In the Pastoral Zone, farms with less than 20,000 sheep, comprising 98 per cent of farms. This situation could be alleviated to some extent by extending the period of debt repayment from the present average period of 7 years to a period of 20 to 30 years.
Corporate decision-making during recession : product franchisors in the Australian agricultural machinery industry 1967-72
This study analyses the impact of scale, establishment mobility and policy substitution in the corporation's geographical behaviour. To maximise opportunities for observing change, the effects of recession on firms using a particular marketing system --product franchising are examined. It is argued that competitive powers, represented by company structural attributes and expressed through relative network control capacities, should assist larger organisations to undertake spatial tactics which maintain their market and economic standing. Nineteen agricultural machinery franchisors are classified on a number of key variables into large and small groups. Their manufacturing, wholesaling and retailing activity between 1967 and 1972 is compared on criteria relating to the entry and exit of outlets. Certain locational strategies adopted by major competitors are seen to stabilise or improve distribution control, thus demonstrating a relationship of structural factors, channel management and representation courses. However, a broader association of these measures and market and general financial performance cannot be shown because of data limitations. Subsidiary findings point out the greater stability of large corporations in a setback, the lower probability of continuation suffered by small franchisors' dealers and the attack on small towns enforced by the economic contraction. Through the use of an operational model within an intensive, longitudinal analysis, the enquiry concludes that scale effects pervade locational decision-making, not only among enterprises but across the whole business sector. For the largest firms, spatial policy is clearly an interchangeable means to goals and, thus, establishment mobility can be pronounced. The divergence of such findings from previous work contributes to the ongoing review of traditional thinking in industrial geography and economics and prompts further research into the interface of the corporation and the entrepreneur.
Complex thoracic vascular injury repair using deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest.
A 61-year-old man with a penetrating injury to the innominate artery, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery at their origins from the aortic arch with associated injuries to both innominate veins and an innominate artery to vein fistula after a single stab wound is described. The patient was managed successfully using cardiopulmonary bypass together with deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest. Presentation and management are discussed.