Development of NanoCAP (nano composite advanced particles) technology for high density recording
In this paper, nanosized spherical magnetite particles, with the coercivity force of about 3000 Oe was developed. This material was named NanoCAP (nano composite advanced particles). This study described both magnetic and structural properties of NanoCAP. The crystal structure and the microstructure of the particles were examined using an X-ray diffractometer and high resolution transmission electron microscope, respectively. The obtained magnetization and coercivity of the particles were 89 emu/g and 2900 Oe, respectively. NanoCAP is expected to be the most promising candidate for ultrahigh capacity recording tapes.
Magnetic Properties of Fe16N2 Fine Particles.
Heat conditions for synthesis of Fe16N2 tine particles and the resulting magnetic properties were investigated. Commercial ultra fine γ - Fe2O3 particles were first reduced under hydrogen gas at temperatures between 200°C and 700°C for 8 hours and nitrided under an ammonia-argon mixed gas at 140°C for 24 hours. The powder reduced at 500°C and nitrided at 140°C was identified as nearly Fe16N2 single phase by X-ray diffraction and Mossbauer analysis. Saturation magnetization at room temperature was about 200 emu/g. Maximum coercive force (2250 Oe) was achieved in the Fe16N2 powder with the largest specific surface area.
Air scrubbing techniques for ammonia and odor reduction at livestock operations : review of on-farm research in the Netherlands
Acid scrubbers and biotrickling filters have been developed for ammonia (NH3) removal at pig and poultry houses 
in The Netherlands over the last 20 years to prevent acidification and eutrophication of soils. Because of growing 
suburbanization, odor removal is increasingly considered important as well. In this review, we report the results of the on-farm 
research on full-scale operated scrubbers for treatment of exhaust air from animal houses with regard to NH3 and odor 
removal in The Netherlands. The NH3 removal of acid scrubbers ranged from 40% to 100% with an overall average of 96%. 
The NH3 removal of biotrickling filters ranged from -8% to +100% with an overall average of 70%. Minimum empty bed air 
residence times (EBRTs) were 0.4 to 1.1 s. For acid scrubbers, process control with pH measurement and automatic water 
discharge is sufficient to guarantee sufficient NH3 removal. For biotrickling filters, however, improvement of process control 
is necessary to guarantee sufficient NH3 removal. The odor removal of acid scrubbers ranged from 3% to 51% with an overall 
average of 27%. The odor removal of biotrickling filters ranged from -29% to +87% with an overall average of 51%. 
Minimum EBRTs were 0.5 to 2.3 s. Further research is necessary to explain this variation and to improve the odor removal 
efficiency of both acid scrubbers and biotrickling filters.