The analysis on bio-drying potential of sewage sludge in the North of China
This paper analyzes the overview of northern sewage sludge, focusing on the potential of bio-drying of sewage sludge in northern China by adopting the technology of biological drying to dispose the sewage sludge. Owning great development potential is the conclusion obtained by the experimental study of the northern sludge.
Transport processes and unit operations
I. TRANSPORT PROCESSES: MOMENTUM, HEAT, AND MASS. 1. Introduction to Engineering Principles and Units. 2. Principles of Momentum Transfer and Overall Balances. 3. Principles of Momentum Transfer and Applications. 4. Principles of Steady-State Heat Transfer. 5. Principles of Unsteady-State Heat Transfer. 6. Principles of Mass Transfer. 7. Principles of Unsteady-State and Convective Mass Transfer. II. UNIT OPERATIONS. 8. Evaporation. 9. Drying of Process Materials. 10. Stage and Continuous Gas-Liquid Separation Processes. 11. Vapor-Liquid Separation Processes. 12. Liquid-Liquid and Liquid-Solid Separation Processes. 13. Membrane Separation Processes. 14. Mechanical-Physical Separation Processes. III. APPENDICES. A1. Fundamental Constants and Conversion Factors. A2. Physical Properties of Water. A3. Physical Properties of Inorganic and Organic Compounds. A4. Physical Properties of Foods and Biological Materials. A5. Properties of Pipes, Tubes, and Screens. Notation. Index.
Microfiltration: Effect of retentate protein concentration on limiting flux and serum protein removal with 4-mm-channel ceramic microfiltration membranes.
The objective of our study was to determine if the limiting flux and serum protein (SP) removal were different at 8, 9, or 10% true protein (TP) in the microfiltration (MF) retentate recirculation loop using 0.1-µm ceramic graded permeability membranes with 4-mm-channel diameters operated at 50 °C using a diluted milk protein concentrate with 85% protein on a total solids basis (MPC85) as the MF feed. The limiting flux for the MF of diluted MPC85 was determined at 3 TP concentrations in the recirculation loop (8, 9, and 10%). The experiment was replicated 3 times for a total of 9 runs. On the morning of each run, MPC85 was diluted with reverse osmosis water to an MF feed TP concentration of 5.4%. In all runs, the starting flux was 55 kg/m(2) per hour, the flux was increased in steps until the limiting flux was reached. The minimum flux increase was 10 kg/m(2) per hour. The limiting flux decreased as TP concentration in the recirculation loop increased. The limiting flux was 154 ± 0.3, 133 ± 0.7, and 117 ± 3.3 kg/m(2) per hour at recirculation loop TP concentrations of 8.2 ± 0.07, 9.2 ± 0.04, and 10.2 ± 0.09%, respectively. No effect of recirculation loop TP concentration on the SP removal factor was detected. However, the SP removal factor decreased from 0.80 ± 0.02 to 0.75 ± 0.02 as flux was increased from the starting flux of 55 kg/m(2) per hour to the limiting flux, with a similar decrease seen at all recirculation loop TP concentrations.