ANTICIPATORY POLICY AND MARINE RESOURCES
Anticipatory policy is premised on the need to respond to warnings about future threats and opportunities by positive political action. This paper discusses the notion of anticipatory policy by using three cases from ocean policy, deepwater ports, ocean thermal energy conversion, and deep seabed mining. Such policies tend to be extremely vulnerable to changes in the economic and political environments within which they operate. In order to understand how such policies succeed or fail requires that studies of policy implementation decades, not just several years. Although there has been a move in this direction in assessing social welfare policies, this approach has been far less evident in the natural resources area. Copyright 1986 by The Policy Studies Organization.
Of mackerel and menhaden: A public policy perspective on fishery conflict
Abstract Since at least the turn of the century fisheries in the United States have been managed through formal public policy processes at the state level and above, as opposed to indigenous or local management. These processes have grown more complex over time, and have come to include activities in many sectors other than fisheries themselves. Using a case study of competition and conflict that occurred in the State of North Carolina, this paper examines the legislative, administrative and socio-economic processes that underlie current fisheries management and policy, and suggests that information-sharing and interpretation, compatible structure and defined jurisdiction in the management process and clear value orientations are critical to effective policy and management.
A matter of consistency: A congressional perspective of oil and gas development on the outer continental shelf
Abstract On April 27, 1981, the Department of the Interior (DOI) published the final notice of lease sale 53—the Santa Maria Basin off Central California. In the northern part of the basin are located 29 tracts (out of a total 111 offered) considered environmentally sensitive by many and politically explosive by all. As expected, the state of California sued the federal government and has twice prevailed. Consequently, the DOI appealed these earlier rulings to the Supreme Court and in January 1984 the Court ruled in favor of the DOI. This well publicized case (Watt v. California) represents a failure on the part of the Congress, the Reagan Administration, and the coastal states to reach an accord on the degree of state participation in the Outer Continental Shelf (OCS) development process. This article does not attempt to resolve this debate; rather, this paper presents the contrasting arguments in the U.S. government; and it illustrates how U.S. coastal policy is politicized and shaped from the national ...