CONSIDERATIONS ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF POLITICAL METHODS FOR ABSORBING UNCERTAINTY
There is no "standard" method used as a panaceum to reduce decision-making uncertainty. The technocratic approach on management is only valid on a free-competition market, with equal chances for everyone. In practice, this is a utopia. Knowledge-based economy changes the exogenous environment of decision, where the dominant aspects are, for example: data amount sometimes exceeds data-processing capacity, main competitors have the same information sources. A knowledge-based economy has also disadvantages, i.e. lower predictability. In many cases, the most important decisions and actions are not anticipated by an organization’s strategies. Political methods for uncertainty absorption play an important part in defining the socio-economic dimensions of a knowledge-based society. Ever more often, regardless of their size, firms are interested in taking part, either individually or together with other stakeholders (economic or social partners), in activities through which they can control and influence the future events that would impact the firms. Both vulnerability and opportunity can only be defined as a result of a proper evaluation of the factors involved in the activity of a firm and directly influencing the way in which the operational and organizational optimum is defined. By methods using fuzzy number to evaluate the quality of various relationships within and outside the organization the knowledge workers can generate solutions based on logical criteria in conditions of high uncertainty.
Qualitative assessments and optimal decision under uncertainty using rectangular fuzzy numbers
In crisis situations, uncertainty emerges as a distinct phenomenon, in which case we face both the ineffectiveness of most theoretical models of decision-making and the inaccuracy and incompleteness of available information. It is therefore necessary to intensify theoretical efforts and to apply interdisciplinary approaches and transfers of methods in order to construct a set of procedures and techniques that should contribute to curbing this phenomenon in decision-making processes. The transition from the state of crisis to the state of opportunity becomes the ground on which technocratic, structural, cultural and political approaches make a difference in managing. The qualitative analysis of the level of uncertainty provides an optimal insight into the best management techniques and methods that may contribute to achieving development objectives under crisis conditions. To conduct such an assessment process, we propose the use of rectangular fuzzy numbers. In this paper, first we develop a personal analysis of the notion of rectangular fuzzy numbers with an associated variable center of gravity and specific mathematical operations. Our research continues by the theoretical and applicable development of the "optimistic method (max-max)". Acknowledgement This paper is supported by the Sectoral Operational Programme Human Resources Development (SOP HRD), financed from the European Social Fund and by the Romanian Government under the contract number POSDRU/89/1.5/S/56815.
Unconventional methods of strategic distribution of the incertitude
The incertitude became a phenomenon in itself, and it can be due both to the theoretical errors of the deciding factor, and to the imprecision and lack of informational wholeness. In order to reduce the incertitude, one has crystallized several directions of strategic management, through which the managers could manifest a logically structured attitude in limit situations. Practically, we cannot speak about the exclusive use of a specific category of methods and techniques, as their combination is realized by referring to concrete decisional situations. A group of these methods according to their nature might be the following: technocratic methods, political methods, structural methods and methods of strategic redistribution of the incertitude. The last one which suppose the absorption of the incertitude, through less conventional instruments, different from those previously presented. In this paperwork, our purpose is to bring into focus several instruments, which allow the participants to the economical activities to be able to approach the incertitude in this field.