ARACHNOLOGICAL EVIDENCE FOR GLACIAL REFUGIA IN THE BAVARIAN ALPS
MUSTER C.: Arachnological evidence for glacial refugia in the Bavarian Alps. In GAJDOS P., PEKAR S. (eds): Proceedings of the 18th European Colloquium of Arachnology, Stara Lesna, 1999. Ekologia (Bratislava), Vol. 19, Supplement 3/2000, p. 181-192. According to geomorphological conclusions some regions of the Bavarian Alps remained free of ice during the Pleistocene glaciations. The current concepts of phytogeography acknowledge plant survival during cryocratic periods in Bavarian massifs de refuge as well as on the nunatak system. Hitherto in zoogeography, little proof has been offered in support of these assumptions. According to recent investigations the distribution areas of the arachnids Cryphoeca lichenum nigerrima (Hahniidae) and Megabunus lesserti (Phalangiidae) suggest continuous inhabitation of Bavarian refugia since interglacial times. Especially in the Ammergau refugium the persistance of animal life during the last glaciation could be confirmed.
Spinnen-Neunachweise für Deutschland aus den Bayerischen Alpen (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Hahniidae, Gnaphosidae, Salticidae)
First records of spiders from the Bavarian Alps (Germany) (Araneae: Linyphiidae, Hahniidae, Gnaphosidae, Salticidae). The arachnofaunistic exploration of the German Alps is still in process. Recent investigations in subalpine and alpine habitats of Bavaria yielded 13 species new to Germany. For 5 taxa the collecting sites are reported, together with comments on general distribution and ecology. Cryphoeca Iichenum nigerrima is a locally-endemic relict, which probably has survived glaciation on the nunatak system. Its distribution area is restricted to few mountain-ranges in the Northem Calcareous Alps, comprising less than 2500 qkm. Two species,Erigone cristatopalpus and Talavera monticola, are endemic to the Alps and adjoining mountains. Micaria aenea shows a boreomontane disjunction. He/iophanus Iineiventris is widely distributed in the southern Palearctic.
Fluid to liquid membrane energy exchanger for simultaneous liquid desiccant regeneration and desalination applications–Theoretical and experimental analyses
Abstract In this paper, a thermal model developed for assessing the performance of the fluid to liquid membrane energy exchanger based liquid desiccant regenerator is presented. The model was validated with the experimental data and found accurate. Using the experimental inlet conditions reported in the literature for the structured packing chamber, the performance of the fluid to liquid membrane energy exchanger based liquid desiccant regenerator was theoretically predicted choosing water and air as working fluids and Lithium Chloride as a liquid desiccant. Further, studied the influence of inlet parameters such as working fluid and desiccant inlet temperature’s, hot liquid desiccant to cold working fluid ratio and desiccant concentration on vapour absorption rate. From this analysis, it is observed that membrane based liquid desiccant regenerator using water as a working fluid is best suitable for converting the weak desiccant into strong desiccant and for generating the pure water simultaneously (co-generation process). An experimental investigation was carried out for assessing the energy exchange process across the membrane based liquid desiccant regenerator using water as a working fluid. From the experimental analysis, it was found that desiccant temperature has a significant impact on the energy exchange process. The pressure drop across the membrane based liquid desiccant regenerator was also measured at different desiccant flow rates and concentration.