Investigation into Layered Manufacturing Technologies for Industrial Applications
Additive processes, which generate parts in a layered way, have more than 20 years of history can be defined as layered manufacturing. Layered manufacturing is gaining ground for rapid prototypes (RP), rapid tools (RT) and rapid manufacturing (RM) for production of functional parts. The paper describes which mechanism of layered manufacturing and definition and classification of rapid prototypes can be applied to complex geometries for long-term consistency. The paper demonstrates the application examples of layered manufacturing fulfilling the required physical, mechanical and geometrical properties. The most notable advantage is the integration of production planning and testing within the product development period.
Precision grinding using CBN wheels
The paper systematically reviews experimental research on the performance of cubic boron nitride (CBN) grinding wheels and discusses advantages and difficulties experienced in the application of CBN wheels particularly for internal grinding with fine-grain wheels. 
 
The hardness of CBN grains potentially increases re-dress life and improves dimensional stability. The problem is that increased re-dress life increases the importance of avoiding wheel loading, particularly for small-grain wheels. This paper highlights the importance of touch dressing for improved dimensional stability and other operational techniques to maintain an open surface topography of the wheel. The paper also demonstrates the benefit of an open-structured small-grain CBN wheel for precision grinding. Effects on grinding temperature are also illustrated.
Energy Partition to the Workpiece for Grinding with Aluminum Oxide and CBN Abrasive Wheels
An experimental investigation is reported of the energy partition to the workpiece for grinding of steels with aluminum oxide and cubic boron nitride (CBN) abrasive wheels. The energy input to the workpiece was obtained by measuring the temperature distribution in the workpiece using an embedded thermocouple technique and match­ ing the results with analytically computed values. It was found that 60-75 percent of the grinding energy is transported to the workpiece as heat with an aluminum oxide abrasive wheel, as compared to only about 20 percent with CBN wheels. An analysis of the results indicates that the much lower energy partition to the workpiece with CBNcan be attributed to its very high thermal conductivity whereby a significant portion of the grinding heat is transported to the abrasive instead of to the workpiece. The much lower energy partition to the workpiece with CBN wheels results in much lower grinding temperatures and a greatly reduced tendency for thermal damage to the workpiece.