Intraspecies chemical variability of the essential oil of Ledum palustre
The compositions of the essential oils of marsh tea,Ledum palustre L., from the southern regions of Tomsk, Transbaikalia and Amur province, and also from the southern part of the island of Sakhalin have been analyzed in detail. The results obtained indicate the sharply pronounced intraspecies chemical variability of this plant. In addition to the chemotype of march tea with myrcene as a macrocomponent which is widely distributed in the European part of the USSR, another three chemotypes with the macrocomponents limonene, sabinen, and p-cymene have been revealed.
Labrador tea--the aromatic beverage and spice: a review of origin, processing and safety.
Labrador tea is a name for the dried leaves of Rhododendron groenlandicum, R. tomentosum or R. neoglandulosum (family Ericaceae, previously genus Ledum) as well as for the beverage native to North America, which is made from them. The above species are rich in the essential oil, which gives a conifer aroma to the tisane. Labrador tea is a valuable source of ascorbic acid, with tonic, improving digestion and relaxing activity. However, this beverage should not be drunk more than once daily because of the ledol and grayanotoxin toxicity. The common recipe for making Labrador tea is to add one teaspoonful of dried leaves to one cup of boiling water and to brew for 5 min. It is often sweetened or enriched with other flavors. Additionally, Labrador tea dried leaves are used to spice meat, soups, sauces, salads, beer, cakes and other dishes. In agriculture, its insecticidal properties can be useful for controlling pests.
Ideological Quietism? Ideology and Party Politics in Britain
Ideology and political parties are frequently depicted as disparate entities, with scholars citing a range of exogenous and endogenous changes to demonstrate the decreasing relevance of ideology to party politics. This article moves away from such accounts by looking at the role of actors, and specifically party leaders, in contributing to perceptions of ideological decline. Through an examination of the rhetoric of Labour and Conservative Party leaders in Britain between 1946 and 1997, this article contends that politicians have engaged in, what is termed here, ‘ideological quietism’. In this sense, parties have not abandoned ideology but have made rhetorical shifts indicative of ideological decline.