Characterization of the soluble proteins from rabbit eye lens.
Abstract Fractionation of the soluble proteins of rabbit lens by gel chromatography on Sepharose 6B revealed six components, viz. HM-, α-, β 1 -, β 2 -, β 3 - and γ-crystallin. On isoelectric focusing α-crystallins revealed a diffuse region, whilst approximately 10 bands were found for the β-crystallins and 7–8 components for γ-crystallin. Immunoelectrophoretically HM-crystallin revealed two precipitin lines, one in the α- and one in the β-mobility range. Sedimentation coefficients of 18·0, 8·0, 3·7, 2·2 and 2·1 S were calculated for α-, β 1 -, β 2 -, β 3 - and γ-crystallin, respectively. By isoelectric focusing in the presence of 6 m -urea, 13 bands between pH 5·3 and 6·9 were found for HM-crystallin, approximately six bands between pH 5·6 and 6·9 for α-crystallin, about 13 bands between pH 5·9 and 7·0 for the β-crystallins and 7–8 major bands between pH 7·0 and 7·8 for γ-crystallin. Molecular weight estimation by SDS gel electrophoresis revealed values between 16 000 and 39 000 for HM-crystallin and the β-crystallins, whereas values of approximately 21 000 and 20 500 were found for α- and γ-crystallin.
Comparative studies of α-crystallin from lenses of different mammalian species
α-Crystallin, prepared by zone electrophoresis from lenses of eight different mammalian species, has been investigated by agarose gel electrophoresis, ultracentrifugation and immunological methods. The molecular weights and electrophoretic mobilities of the α-crystallins differ for most species, but nevertheless all the proteins have similar immunological characteristics. Disc electrophoresis in 7 m urea gave a large number of bands in all cases. These data suggest that all mammalian α-crystallins are built up of subunits, and furthermore that the number of subunits and the relative proportions of different subunits vary from species to species. The subunits may have identical or similar antigenic sites, or alternatively, all mammalian α-crystallins may contain all the antigenically different subunits, but in varying amounts.
Integrating Al with NiO nano honeycomb to realize an energetic material on silicon substrate
Nano energetic materials offer improved performance in energy release, ignition, and mechanical properties compared to their bulk or micro counterparts. In this study, the authors propose an approach to synthesize an Al/NiO based nano energetic material which is fully compatible with a microsystem. A two-dimensional NiO nano honeycomb is first realized by thermal oxidation of a Ni thin film deposited onto a silicon substrate by thermal evaporation. Then the NiO nano honeycomb is integrated with an Al that is deposited by thermal evaporation to realize an Al/NiO based nano energetic material. This approach has several advantages over previous investigations, such as lower ignition temperature, enhanced interfacial contact area, reduced impurities and Al oxidation, tailored dimensions, and easier integration into a microsystem to realize functional devices. The synthesized Al/NiO based nano energetic material is characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry.