Who Is Ignorant
Who Is Ignorant This article studies dispute between Chinese sports journalists and Chinese sports elites in a socio-cultural context. Based upon a number of case studies, the professional features of Chinese sports journalism and Chinese elite sport are elaborated and the different characteristics of Chinese sports journalists and Chinese sportspeople are examined. The study then investigates how the cultural differences between Chinese sports journalists and Chinese sportspeople affect their understandings of news values and the duty of the news media and concludes that the different understandings of the media's duty are often the trigger of dispute.
Profit or ideology? The Chinese press between party and market
Economic reforms have taken priority over political reforms in post-Mao China. This has caused the serious dilemma in which most newspapers find themselves. On the one hand, they are no longer financed or subsidized by the state; on the other hand, they are still expected to be at the ideological service of the state. The party-state has the last say in whether they can be published and who should be appointed editor-in-chief. Hence, the press in China now continues to be controlled by the party ideologically, while it relies on the market financially. This divorce between ideological dependence and financial independence has led to two interesting tendencies: first, most newspapers have started to increase their volume to print light-hearted material in order to increase readership and ultimately to maximize advertising income; second, some have even started to run other businesses such as service industries and thus to become a kind of media conglomerate. In this sense, newspapers are on the way to becoming true profit-making enterprises which eventually will undermine the role of mouthpiece for the party-state. This article analyses these problems, using several national and regional papers as exemplars to illustrate the tensions much of the Chinese press is going through.
Achievements and contradictions of the Peruvian agrarian reform
Different paths of transition to capitalist agriculture, as well as different types of agrarian reform, can be distinguished. The Peruvian agrarian reform is analysed within this context and evaluated in terms of its contribution to rural development. The Peruvian case underlines the importance of understanding the rationality of the pre‐existent agrarian system for a successful restructuring of the agrarian economy and society. The contradictions which arose between the State's model and the peasants’ model of agrarian reform, as well as those between different types of peasants, are discussed. Peru's experience is also a reminder that a land reform is not a sufficient condition for rural development unless accompanied by proper price, marketing, credit and investment policies.