DC control battery system protection and coordination
Battery system failure jeopardizes a power system by eliminating the DC control power source for AC system circuit breakers and protective devices. The protection of control battery system components including the battery, battery charger and individual circuits is reviewed. Optimum battery system protective device coordination is discussed.<<ETX>>
Considerations for Selecting and Sizing Batteries
Selection and sizing of storage batteries are often thought of as simply applying a formula to a load profile; however, in practice, when selecting an optimum battery many factors should be considered. These factors include battery type, plate material, plate construction, specific gravity, battery application, and so forth. Various applications will be discussed and illustrative examples will be provided as required. Although the emphasis of this paper will be on stationary batteries, uninterruptible power supply (UPS) and photovoltaic system batteries are also discussed. The guidance provided will enable the user to understand the requirements for a specific application and aid in selecting an optimum battery.
Investigations of dielectric gratings using electrodynamic models based on volume integral equations
Eigenmodes of planar and cylindrical dielectric gratings (DGs) and electromagnetic wave scattering from multiplayer DGs are investigated. The DG characteristics are calculated using numerical-analytical solution of integral equations (IEs).