NSSC pulp from planted populus and hardwood sawdust for flutting production
This research was performed with the goal of using neutral sulfite semi chemical pulp (NSSC) from populous instead of all or part of MWPI’s NSSC pulp for producing fluting paper. Firstly, NSSC pulp was prepared from populous species and hardwood sawdust under the mill’s cooking conditions. Then, the two mentioned pulp samples were replaced with the mill’s NSSC pulp in a variety of mixing ratios. Next, handsheets with 120 g/m2 were produced of mixed pulps and the properties were measured. The results showed that both raw materials could supply the pulp properties in acceptable way in comparison with control pulp (NSSC pulp of Mazandaran mill).
Wood and non-wood pulp production: Comparative ecological footprinting on the Canadian prairies
Abstract Pulp production accounts for a major part of the Canadian forest industry. Because of the ecological damage caused by the industry, there has been growing interest in the use of agricultural residues as an alternative or supplementary fibre source for pulp making. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of crop residues has the potential to reduce the environmental ‘load’ associated with pulp production. We answer this question by estimating and comparing the ecological footprints of the currently dominant practice of using spruce and aspen harvested from the boreal forest, with the practice of using plant fibre from the residue of wheat and flax crops commonly grown in the Canadian prairie provinces. The analysis accounts for all major land and energy inputs associated with the two production processes. The study results indicate that the ecological load of pulp production varies among resources and provinces. However, overall, the total eco-footprint of pulped wheat straw is the smallest.
Phase formation during mechanical alloying in the Ti–Si system
Abstract Mechanical alloying of Ti–Si powder mixture or TiH 1.924 –Si powder mixture was performed by high-energy ball milling, in which the Ti to Si mole ratio was 1:2. The phase formations in both mixtures during milling were investigated by X-ray diffraction. Mechanical alloying a mixture of elemental powders led to the formation of TiSi 2 equilibrium compound, while when starting from Si + TiH 1.924 , a metastable phase was formed. The metastable phase completely transforms to TiSi 2 when the mechanically alloyed powder is annealed at temperatures above 800 °C. Two different pathways of phase transitions during mechanical alloying are attributed to the existence of hydrogen atoms, i.e., when starting from Si + TiH 1.924 compared to Si + Ti, the kinetics for the formation of the TiSi 2 intermetallic compound slows down. The kinetics related to the different phase transitions depending on the starting powder mixture are discussed.