Call for cooperation to contain damage by Chile's salmon farms
The proposed Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) (Nature 465, 525; 2010) should be part of a broader complementary system of scientific input. This would help to coordinate data that fall under the remit of multiple international environmental agencies and agreements. And it would minimize the risks of duplication in scientific review and reporting. A global consultation of scientists and others, coordinated by DesertNet International and the United Nations Institute for Water, Environment and Health (www.desertnet-international. org), has suggested that an equivalent intergovernmental science-policy panel for land and water issues is needed. Otherwise, important independent questions are likely to be absorbed by the scientific bodies that advise on climate change and biodiversity loss. Crucial matters may not receive the policy attention they deserve if solely addressed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the proposed IPBES. Examples are the impacts of trends in population growth and demographic bulges; food and energy insecurity; migration; and ‘land and water grabbing’ by wealthy foreign companies in developing nations. Lindsay C. Stringer School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Woodhouse Lane, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK e-mail: l.stringer@leeds.ac.uk Call for cooperation to contain damage by Chile’s salmon farms
Animal Forests in the Chilean Fjords: Discoveries, Perspectives and Threats in Shallow and Deep Waters
The Chilean fjord region, situated between 42 and 56 °S, forms one of the most ragged shorelines and belongs to the ecologically and biogeographically least understood marine regions of the world. A labyrinth of fjords, channels, and islands extends over 240,000 km2 and creates a coastline of more than 80,000 km. Due to 
strong abiotic gradients, numerous habitats are created, which are further diversified by temporal dynamics (tidal cycle, seasonal changes in precipitation, temperature, radiation, etc.). The region is a biodiversity hotspot hosting unique and fragile ecosystems. Among the species living here, several are species forming habitats in the ecosystem. These organisms can reach high densities conforming the so-called marine animal forests. Examples are marine animal forests dominated by cold-water stony corals, gorgonians, hydrocorals, brachiopods, polychaetes, giant barnacles, sponges, and ascidians. Many of these communities have been discov- 
ered only recently. There is also a singular characteristic in this area: exceptionally low pH levels of the waters of Patagonian fjords provide the opportunity to study calcifying organisms in an environment with pH conditions in the same range as the ones predicted by the IPCC for the world oceans in 2100. Despite the scarce ecological and biogeographical knowledge of this area, it encounters an unparalleled economic development including high-impact industry-scale salmonid farming, ambitious infrastructure and industrialization projects, and increasing extractive activities. Baseline research on the abiotic and biotic environment of the region is needed to reach sustainability in the use of the marine resources. 
Management plans including the establishment of marine protected areas to preserve benthic diversity and ecosystem services are urgently needed.
Heat Transfer Characteristic for a New Plate Metal Hydride Reactor
The property of major metal hydride reactors in the world was analyzed and a new plate metal hydride reactor was designed.An experimental facility to test the metal hydride reactor was also designed correspondingly.The effective thermal conductivity of the plate metal hydride reactor was measured by varying the initial metal hydride packing fraction,the kind of filled gas and the pressure of the filled gas,cycle numbers.The test results show that the effective thermal conductivity of the reactor,has exceeded(7.5) W/(m·K) before activation,which is increased greatly.After alloy activation,the effective thermal conductivity of the reactor has a linear change trend with the hydrogen pressure during the interval 0.1~3.5 MPa.The effective thermal conductivity of the reactor just only decreases quickly at the beginning,but becomes stable after several cycles.