Kristdemokraterna: Bäst när det gäller - men hur länge?
Christian Democrats – Best When it Counts, But for How Long? The Christian Democrats succeeded to keep up their parliamentary position after the 2014 national parliamentary election despite a string of disappointing opinion polls. The party has changed its leader since the election. The former leader Goran Hagglund was popular among the Christian Democratic voters but he did not manage to prevent the loss of voters since the successful 1998 election. The party has been shaken by several ideological conflicts. Hagglund was challenged from the inside during the last parliamentary term but won the leadership election and was reelected at the party’s Riksting in 2012. The Swedish Christian Democrats have developed from a small Christian protest party with an unclear position regarding Left and Right to a (still) small Conservative party and coalition partner in three Liberal-Conservative governments since 1991. The party stands on a shaky voting foundation, and has to appeal to a broader and more mainstream non-socialist group of voters in order to be able to cross the four percent parliamentary threshold. The parliamentary group has been active on a broad range of issues with a social conservative profile. In office the Christian Democrats have been active mostly on matters regarding welfare and health care since they have mainly been managing the Ministry of Health and Social Affairs. Christian Democratic values – as they are interpreted in a European framework – are not widely distributed among voters and are only superficially established in Sweden. The party’s future depends on whether it manages to keep the older groups of adherents – mainly churchgoers – and at the same time attract newer groups with more mainstream traditional Conservative values.
Système symbolique catholique et comportements électoraux
Avec constance, les sciences sociales etablissent depuis un siecle le lien etroit qui unit catholicisme et vote de droite en France. Malgre les profondes transformations qui ont affecte champ religieux et champ politique, cette relation se verifie de nouveau lors de l'election presidentielle de 2012. Croissant avec la frequence de l'assistance a l'office, la propension des catholiques a voter a droite se revele independante de leurs autres caracteristiques sociodemographiques. Par ailleurs, liberalisme economique et ethno-autoritarisme, qui s'accompagnent d'attitudes et de comportements politiques conservateurs, vont egalement de pair avec une augmentation du degre d'integration au catholicisme. Cependant, meme une fois controlee la position sur ces deux echelles d'attitudes, l'effet de la pratique catholique sur le vote de droite demeure.
United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982, A Commentary
Volume VI is the sixth substantive volume to be published in the series. It deals with the work of the First Committee at the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea, namely the international seabed area. The volume thus embraces the deep seabed mining regime set out in Part XI of the 1982 Convention on the Law of the Sea together with the 1994 Agreement on its implementation. Completion of this commentary was delayed first by the consultations and negotiations that commenced in 1990 and led to the 1994 Agreement and the entry into force of the Convention. It was further delayed until the Assembly of the International Seabed Authority approved the detailed mining regulations in 2000. Additional supplementary material can be found at UNCLOS 1982 Commentary: Supplementary Documents.