The fauna of barklice (psocoptera) of the Southern Urals
Based on the material collected in 2014 in the Southern Ural State Nature Reserve and adjoining territory, 25 psocopteran species belonging to 17 genera of 8 families are recorded for the first time for the Republic of Bashkortostan. Among these, 20 species, 12 genera, and 4 families are new to the fauna of the Southern Urals, and two species are new to the Russian fauna.
Chromosome numbers in eight species of Palaearctic Psocoptera (Insecta)
Karyotypes of eight Psocoptera species are reported for the fi rst time. In Va- lenzuela oyamai (Enderlein, 1906) (Caeciliusidae), Peripsocus golubae Lienhard, 2006 (Peripsocidae), Trichopsocus dalii (McLachlan, 1867) (Trichopsocidae), Hemineura dispar Tetens, 1891 (Elipsocidae), and Amphigerontia contaminata (Stephens, 1836) (Psocidae) 2n = 16 + XX/X0. In Elipsocus moebiusi Tetens, 1891 (Elipsocidae) 2n = 12 + XX/X0. Neopsocopsis hitricornis (Reuter, 1893) (Psocidae) has 2n = 14 + XX/ X0, and Kolbia quisquiliarum Bertkau, 1883 (Amphipsocidae) has 2n = 14 + neo-XY/ XX. In addition, three seminal follicles per testis have been established in V. oyamai, H. dispar, A. contaminata, and N. hitricornis and one follicle in P. golubae and T. dalii. All the data available on psocopteran karyotypes are tabulated and shortly reviewed.
Climatology of the cusp-related thermospheric mass density anomaly, as derived from CHAMP observations
We report on the thermospheric mass density anomaly in the vicinity of the ionospheric cusp. A systematic survey of the anomalies is presented, based on a statistical analysis of 4 years of data (2002–2005) obtained by the accelerometer onboard CHAMP. The anomalies are detected during all years and seasons in both hemispheres but with stronger signatures in the Northern Hemisphere. For the same geophysical conditions, solar flux and geomagnetic activity the anomalies in the north are larger by a factor of about 1.35. Over the course of the survey period the amplitude decreases by more than a factor of 5 while the level of solar flux reduces by a factor of 2. The anomaly strength also depends on the solar wind input. The merging electric field, E merg , is generally enhanced for about an hour before the anomaly detection. There is a quadratic response of the anomaly amplitude to E merg . For geophysical conditions of P10.7 E merg E merg , where the weight of E merg , in mV/m, is by about 50 times higher than that of the solar flux level. The solar zenith angle and the influence of particle precipitation are found to play a minor role as a controlling parameter of seasonal variation. The well-known annual variation of the thermospheric density with a minimum around June also influences the formation of the cusp anomalies. This leads to a clear hemispheric asymmetry with very weak anomalies in the south during June solstice, which is supposed to be a combined effect of the minimum in annual variation and the seasonal decrease of solar insolation in this region.