Reaction to the Texaco Fair Use Ruling among Special Libraries Affiliated with For-Profit Enterprises.
The "Texaco" copyright litigation resulted in new rules governing photocopying of journal articles in special libraries affiliated with for-profit enterprises. The federal court decisions in "Texaco" begin with the premise that research in those libraries serves a profit-seeking motive, and consequently the courts have indicated that photocopying of journal articles in such special libraries will generally not be protected under the doctrine of "fair use." A random sample of 200 special libraries affiliated with for-profit enterprises was selected from across the United States. Each head librarian was asked whether he or she was aware of the "Texaco" decisions and, if so, what actions the library had taken in response to the rulings. Responses to the written questionnaire showed that more than 80% of the respondents were familiar withlhe "Texaco" rulings. Of those, more than half have purchased photocopying licenses from the Copyright Clearance Center. A variety of other reactions, such as obtaining journal articles through a commercial document delivery service, also were reported. No single solution was dominant in the responses; instead, it appears that the affected libraries are mixing and matching remedies in an effort to achieve overall compliance with the copyright laws. The survey cover letter and questionnaire are appended. (Contains 39 references.) (Author) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. REACTION TO THE TEXACO FAIR USE RULING AMONG SPECIAL LIBRARIES AFFILIATED WITH FOR-PROFIT ENTERPRISES A Master's Research Paper submitted to the Kent State University School of Library Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Library Science
Photocopyright infringement
Copyright protection exists in original works of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression. Copyright, however, does not extend to any idea, procedure, process, system, method of operation, concept, principle or discovery, regardless of the form in which it is described, explained, illustrated or embodied. The copyright owner has the exclusive right to do or authorize any of the following: reproduce the copyrighted work; prepare derivative works based on the copyrighted work; distribute copies of the copyrighted work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, rental, lease or lending; and perform or display the copyrighted work publicly. A few exceptions or limitations challenge an author's exclusive rights to a work of authorship. The most notable is the "fair use" exception. In addition, copyright laws let libraries or archives reproduce no more than one copy of a work and distribute such a copy only under certain conditions. >
Introduction and experience with the primary mail services based on their names for students
Kyushu University provided mail service based on student IDs such as "1AB10123X" to the university students for many years. Using this model, we had problems communicating with the students who graduated from the University and enrolled in the graduate school. The students received new mail addresses based on their new student IDs such as "2AB12789Y". Faculty members were forced to change the student mail addresses in the mailing lists and in their mail client address book. Furthermore, students were forced to notify the e-mail address change to all of their existing contacts. We introduced a new mail system to provide addresses based on the student name, as well as student ID in April 2011. The new naming convention uses the following format: lastname.firstname.999 where 999 is a random number of 3 digits. Students can select some combination patterns of their first and last names for Japanese. We also consider the middle names for foreign students. In the system implementation, we did not have the formal information of alphabetical names for students. We generated alphabetical names from Japanese Katakana names. It is not easy for us to get the appropriate name in this manner. We implemented a confirmation stage of the alphabetical name at first use, and then students can select their mail addresses for their convenience. We paid much attention to the user interface in the system. Since April 2011, the number of users who use the mail address based on their own name has been increasing gradually. This paper will detail the usage status of the new system.