Producers' entitlement guarantees: A serious option for liberalizing Japan's rice and dairy sectors
Abstract Liberalization of Japan's rice and dairy markets along the lines proposed by GATT in December 1991 is politically and financially feasible. Tradable producers' entitlement guarantees (PEGs) are an income support measure which is partly decoupled from price support. The fact that PEGs would still bear some relationship to output would make a gradual liberalization of trade much more acceptable to farmers, who could be fully compensated for the loss in income caused by greater exposure to foreign competition. PEGs would still cause moderate trade distortions, however, which would decrease as tariffs were reduced and eventually disappear with them. PEGs could thus provide a useful platform for persuading the Japanese government to liberalize agriculture.
Trasnacionalización del mercado de lácteos y vía nacional del desarrollo: Los casos de México y Japón
En este trabajo se examina la experiencia de dos naciones, Mexico y Japon, cuya posicion en el proceso de liberalizacion de la produccion lactea, su desempeno sectorial, el peso que tienen respecto al comercio internacional de ese producto y las consecuencias sociales de su toma de decisiones politicas e industriales, les ha facultado para plantearse de modo radicalmente distinto la nueva exigencia creada tras el de- rrumbe de las expectativas de estabilizacion del comercio mundial de alimentos y de los productos lacteos. Mexico es un actor clave dentro del mercado de lacteos, tan solo por el papel que ha desempenado en la celebracion de un acuerdo comercial que le obligo a liberalizar su sector; en el lado opuesto tenemos el caso de Japon.
The Impact of Imports of Manufactured Milk Products on the U.S. Dairy Industry
Recent events have sparked a debate over the effects of increased dairy imports on the U.S. dairy industry. This study attempts to estimate these impacts via an econometric model of the U.S. dairy sector. The time paths of adjustment of consumption, production, and price of specific dairy products and raw milk are estimated under three alternative levels of manufactured milk product imports. The analysis suggests that much larger than historically "normal" import levels are required to bring about a substantial impact upon the dairy industry in the longer run.