Thermochromatism and structural evolution of metastable polydiacetylenic crystals.
Topochemically polymerized sodium 10,12-pentacosadiynoate (PCDA-Na) microcrystals show an irreversible red-to-blue chromatic transition accompanied by a distinct structural evolution upon initial thermal treatment, and show a subsequent completely reversible blue-to-red chromatic transition upon further thermal stimuli. Visible absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) are used to investigate the thermochromatic transition behavior of the polydiacetylenic microcrystals. Brief quantum mechanical geometry optimization is employed to explain the lattice dimensional change during the irreversible red-to-blue chromatic transition of the metastable polydiacetylenic crystals.
Selective and sensitive TNT sensors using biomimetic polydiacetylene-coated CNT-FETs.
Miniaturized smart sensors that can perform sensitive and selective real-time monitoring of target analytes are tremendously valuable for various sensing applications. We developed selective nanocoatings by combining trinitrotoluene (TNT) receptors bound to conjugated polydiacetylene (PDA) polymers with single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (SWNT-FET). Selective binding events between the TNT molecules and phage display derived TNT receptors were effectively transduced to sensitive SWNT-FET conductance sensors through the PDA coating layers. The resulting sensors exhibited an unprecedented 1 fM sensitivity toward TNT in real time, with excellent selectivity over various similar aromatic compounds. Our biomimetic receptor coating approach may be useful for the development of sensitive and selective micro- and nanoelectronic sensor devices for various other target analytes.
Britain, the Commonwealth and Europe : the Commonwealth and Britain's applications to join the European Communities
Preface Notes on the Contributors Britain, The Commonwealth and Europe: An Overview D.Maitland 'The Jolly Old Empire': Labour, the Commonwealth and Europe, 1945-51 D.Russell Britain, the Commonwealth and Europe in the 1950s W.Nicoll The Australian Department of Trade and the EEC, 1956-61 J.O'Brien The Commonwealth in British European Policy: Politics and Sentiment, 1956-63 G.Wilkes 'Commonwealth or Europe?': Macmillan's Dilemma, 1961-63 A.May Commonwealth International Financial Arrangements and Britain's First Application to Join the EEC M.Kandiah & G.Staerck The Labour Government, Commonwealth Policy, and the Second Application to Join the EEC, 1964-67 P.R.Alexander The EEC and the Erosion of the Old Commonwealth Relationship S.Ward Index