Medicare, the Affordable Care Act, and the Long Campaign Against Social Security: Dodging the Bullet in 2012
The campaign against Social Security began as soon as the act was passed, but gathered momentum only when Ronald Reagan as early as the 1950s became a focal point for critics. Lyndon B. Johnson successfully countered the anti–Social Security/anti-Medicare opposition, but the rhetoric from the Reagan administration paved the way for G. W. Bush's anti–Social Security efforts, and the virulent opposition to the Affordable Care Act that led to the 2012 Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney's oft-repeated statement that, as president, he would “repeal Obamacare on day one!” Much of the opposition argument has made its way into the “conventional wisdom,” even of supporters, making it especially difficult to evaluate American social insurance objectively.
“Bipartisanship” as a Detriment to Anti-Poverty Efforts: Some Contrarian Comments
The preoccupation of media and Beltway insiders with “bipartisanship” to the exclusion of policy content is an obstacle to the adoption of effective anti-poverty measures.
The National PKI of Peru: a new certification hierarchy
In order to guarantee secure transactions through the Internet and to generate strong evidence that could be used in case of future legal disputes, several countries around the world have promoted and regulated the use of digital signatures based on Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). However, despite the high expectations, its implementation has achieved neither the desired results nor its globalization. Many of the reasons were discovered years ago, but they are still open problems for the scientific community nowadays. In order to consider the case of the national PKI of the Peruvian state as empirical evidence for studies that address the open problems, this article describes the details about a new certification hierarchy which is expected to overcome some of its predecessors’ limitations. It is also expected that the information disclosed in this article could be useful to other countries for making a preliminary assessment for possible cross-border recognition of Peruvian digital signatures.