EU ACCESSION AND TRADE INTEGRATION: THE GRAVITY MODEL OF TRADE IN THE CASE OF THE EU CANDIDATE COUNTRIES
In the majority of the EU potential members agricultural sector is playing a prominent role. Such an outcome is based on the high contribution of the agricultural sector on GDP, employment and trade accounts. EU initiated bilateral trade liberalization with the Western Balkans through the establishment of the ATPs. Furthermore, trade liberalization is extended in the regional level through the establishment of renewed CEFTA 2006. Despite the significant improvement, their export competitiveness remains weak. In the long run, agricultural exports might contribute on improvement of the export performance of the EU candidates. Main findings of the gravity model employed in this paper suggest that exports are positively affected by product size (GDP), and to lesser extent by the GDP of trading partners. Exports fall with the increase of the distance, and the fall in the value of exports is greater as larger is the distance between the trading partners. Therefore, the marginal fall in exports increases as far as the geographical distance between the trading partners increase. Initial assumptions that PTAs and cultural ties facilities the trade flows were affirmatively confirmed. Trade liberalization had a positive implication on improving export performance of the EU candidate countries.
The Gravity Model in International Trade: Advances And Applications
List of figures List of tables 1. Introduction: the comeback of the gravity equation S. Brakman and P. A. G. van Bergeijk Part I. Methodology: 2. A general equilibrium theory for estimating gravity equations of bilateral FDI, final goods, and intermediate trade flows J. H. Bergstrand and P. Egger 3. The incidence of gravity J. E. Anderson 4. Approximating general equilibrium impacts of trade liberalizations using the gravity equation: applications to NAFTA and the European Economic Area S. L. Baier and J. H. Bergstrand 5. An extended gravity model with substitution applied to international trade J. A. Bikker Part II. Distance in the Gravity Model: 6. Illusory border effects: distance mismeasurement inflates estimates of home bias in trade K. Head and T. Mayer 7. Trade costs, market access and economic geography: why the empirical specification of trade costs matters M. Bosker and H. Garretsen 8. Intangible barriers to international trade: a sectoral approach J. Mohlmann, S. Ederveen, H. L. F. de Groot and G.-J. M. Linders Part III. Specific Applications: 9. International environmental arrangements and international commerce A. Rose and M. Spiegel 10. Diplomatic relations and trade reorientation in transition countries E. Afman and M. Maurel 11. Unlocking the value of cross-border mergers and acquisitions S. Brakman, H. Garretsen, G. Garita and C. van Marrewijk 12. The impact of economic geography on GDP per capita in OECD countries H. Boulhol and A. de Serres Index.
Managing the global : globalization, employment and quality of life
We live in a "global village" (McLuhan), a "post-industrial" (Bell) and an "information society" (Porat). Others have suggested that this is the age of the "end of history" (Fukuyama). But other experts suggest that we live in an era called the "beginning of history," when for the first time, over two-thirds of humanity can claim the right to be history's subject and not its object. The contributors show, even the global villages of Coca-Cola, Hilton, and McDonalds hide a different reality: globalization and tribalization, they demonstrate, are two sides of the same coin.