The Eleventh Central Committee : Continuity or Change ?
After the Seventh Party Congress in 1945, party congresses have been landmarks in the listory of the party and the republic. During ~he first six congresses held in the short span ~f seven years, the main focus was on consolidation of’ the ideological and organizational bases under the guidance of the Soviet Union, and on tiie attainment of the bourgeoisdemocratic revolution under the leadership of the Kuomintang (KMT). Chiang Kai-shek’s Shanghai coup of 1927 and the succeeding civil war resulted in fundamental changes in the revolutionary situation in China and CPC’s strategy to attain bourgeois-democratic revolution. This new strategy was more Chinese than Soviet, which resulted in the two-line struggles within the party. The Seventh Party Congress held in 1945 marked the consolidation of the Maoist line
Shape of the E1 Strength Function in the Region of Pygmy Anomaly Due to Non Statistical Background Coupling
Systematic deviations from the Lorentzian approximation to the E1-giant dipole resonance (GDR) shape has been observed at the low energy side of the GDR /1,2/. The strength involved amounts to a few percent of the E1 sum rule,so this phenomenon is called pygmy resonance. A remarkable regularity has been mentioned by Lane /3/: The anomaly appears in mass number regions where empty single-particle states with l=0,1 are near the threshold. Applying the 1p-1h description the 1p-1h states containing the mentioned s or p-neutron particle states (threshold states) have unperturbed energies close to the energy of the anomaly. So these states may be saved from being coupled to the GDR. Such calculations /3,4,5/ performed in the pure 1p-1h shell model provide different amounts of the strength of the pygmy resonance as a function of the used residual interaction and basis.
Russia and China Under Communism
This article is an effort to set forth certain major similarities and differences between the societies of the Soviet Union and Communist China as of January 1955. It is evident that the Soviet Union and Communist China have many characteristics in common. They stem mainly from parallel or identical concepts of power and its purposes, internal and external, accepted by the respective top leadership groups. These concepts have been translated into similar methods of societal organization, imposed value standards, and lines of day-to-day policy at home and abroad. Differences between the two countries arise from the nature of the economies controlled by Moscow and Peking; from the length of time the Communist regimes have been established; from certain characteristics of each top leadership group; from elements in the Russian and Chinese cultures that even modern totalitarianism has not wholly erased; and from problems presented by the goal of external expansion that the Soviet Union and Communist China share.