The role of public involvement in wildlife‐livestock conflicts: The case of Narok ranchers in Kenya
Abstract Economic activity associated with wildlife is an important source of foreign exchange in Kenya. Not surprisingly, the needs and interests of those involved in this sector are given due consideration. The exception is the farmers and ranchers who live among the wildlife and whose cooperation is necessary for maintaining this resource. As a result, farmers and ranchers have developed increasingly negative attitudes toward wildlife. On the basis of field study data collected in the Narok District of Kenya, the article argues that ranchers have in the past derived traditional and economic uses from wildlife and that their acquired negative attitude is a result of their exclusion from involvement in the design and planning of wildlife projects and policies. Four strategies for dealing with this potential conflict and incorporating ranchers and farmers into the wildlife economic sector are discussed: (1) involving the ranchers in planning and implementing wildlife projects, (2) strengthening wildlife e...
Use, conservation and management of plants for indigenous herbal medicine in Kenya: the case of Kitui district
The Kenyan population has been experiencing tremendous changes as its ecological systems, economy, political and socio-cultural life responds to exigencies of development. In the the sphere of health, the country continues to be thrown off balance by recent economic crises. Introduction of Structural Adjustment Programmes (SAPS) since the 1980"s has meant modern health care services are reaching fewer and fewer people in the rural areas. Indigenous medicine (IM), which has continued to be utilised by the rural majority of the population, seem to have maintained.its role as a provider of heaalth care. For IM to effectively meet the health needs of its users, medicinal plants and indigenous knowledge which are essential components of IM need to be conserved, and preserved. The purpose of this thesis is to review the role of indigenous medicine as a community utilised health care service in Kenya. It also aims to identify a representative sample of medicinal plants utilised in IM and the conservation efforts being put both by the users and the government. Field research undertaken in a small community in Eastern Kenya leads to the conclusion that indigenous herbal medicine is extensively utilised by and is preferred by 45% of the commuity. The observations from this study indicate that although the government acknowledges the importance of IM as a health care delivery service in Kenya, the existing health policies are inadequate for its development. This inadequacy has many negative effects on IM resource base. Many medicinal plants utilised in IM are being destroyed through degradation of natural habitats due to pressures of modern development. There are no appropriate natural resource management policies to conserve and manage these medicinal plants which are the major element in herbal medicine practice. Similarly, indigenous knowledge, which enables utilisation of plants in IM is disappearing with the passing of elders.
Philosophy in a new key : a study in the symbolism of reason, rite, and art
A Prefatory Notes to the Third Edition Preface to the Edition of 1951 Chapter 1: The New Key Chapter 2: Symbolic Transformations Chapter 3: The Logic of Signs and Symbols Chapter 4: Discursive Forms and Presentational Forms Chapter 5: Language Chapter 6: Life-Symbols: The Roots of Sacrament Chapter 7: Life-Symbols: The Roots of Myth Chapter 8: On Significance in Music Chapter 9: The Genesis of Artistic Import Chapter 10: The Fabric of Meaning