Indirect benefits of P2 technical assistance estimated using fuzzy set theory
Abstract Twenty small-to-medium sized business clients who had been previously provided pollution prevention (P2) technical assistance were studied to account for four difficult to quantify indirect benefits. The difficult to quantify benefits studied were reduced operational costs, regulatory burden, future liabilities and time saved from the research or technical assistance provided. Many (70%) clients who implemented new technologies realized operating cost reductions. Frequently (70%) clients who implemented P2 suggestions that reduce the disposal of hazardous waste realized reductions in regulatory burden and future liabilities. Most (90%) clients perceived that the research assistance saved their staff time. On average, clients in this study realized indirect savings of similar magnitude to their direct savings regardless of the scale or type of assistance. This study illustrates the value realized by a business of indirect benefits from pollution prevention implementation, which is particularly important now that publicly traded U.S. companies must disclosure financially significant environmental liabilities.
Industrial Pollution Prevention Handbook
Pollution Prevention: A New Agenda Overview of Pollution Prevention.Laws, Regulations and Government Incentives: P2 Elements in U.S.Environmental Laws.Expanding Pollution Prevention Framework: Roles for State and Local Governments.Voluntary Programs.State Facility Planning Requirements.Incentives and Barriers.Industrial P2 Programs: Designing and Implementation: Designing and Maintaining a P2 Program.P2 and Total Quality Management.Examples of Successful P2 Programs.Agile Manufacturing.P2 Implementation Techniques: Facility Prevention Planning.Descriptive Approach for P2 Assessment.Application of Risk Analysis for Setting Priorities.The Bottom Line: Profitability Analysis of P2 Investments Using Total Cost Analysis.Accounting Principles for P2.Measuring P2 Progress.Product Design for P2: P2 Principles of Design.Life Cycle Assessment.Product Labeling.Process Design for P2: Process Development and Synthesis.Reaction Engineering.Separation Technologies.Pollution Prevention Through Process Control.Process Simulation.P2 Through Chemistry.Mixing as a Pollution Prevention Tool.Generic Pollution Prevention: Process Equipment for Cleaning and Degreasing.P2 in Coating Application and Removal.P2 in Office Operations.P2 in Laboratory Operations.Solvent Substitutes.Maintenance Operations and Pollution Prevention.Quantitative Methods of Determining Cleanliness.Materials Management.Water Management Techniques for Pollution Prevention.Industry Specific Techniques: An Overview of Potential Environmental Impact from Industrial Activity.Biotechnology and P2: Industry and Opportunity.P2 in the Electronics Industry.Industrial Waste Recycling at an Automotive Component Manufacturing.Foundries.P2 in the Power Generation Industry.Metals Fabrication.P2 in the Chemical Industry.P2 in the Petroleum Refining Industry.P2 in Electroplating Industries.P2 Automotive Manufacturing.Wood Furniture Finishing.Encouraging P2 Through Publicly Owned Treatment Works.P2 in the Textiles Insdustry.P2 in the Pulp and Paper Industry.Pharmaceuticals.P2 Organizations and Information Resources Sources.
Institutionalizing Corporate Social Responsibility: A Study of Provisions and Implications of Indian Companies Act 2013
Abstract 
The spotlight of this chapter is to understand the connection between public policy and corporate social responsibility (CSR); in other words – the institutionalization of CSR. What is the role of the government for setting standards and mandating for ensuring responsibility? The emerging accepted wisdom in policy and academic circles is that many sustainability solutions are likely to result from institutional (i.e., governance) reform. A perceptive on CSR evolving as an institution of broader societal governance appears as a promising opportunity to delve into at a point in time when conventional rules, actors, and markets that steered the global economy demonstrate to be undergoing credibility crisis. CSR therefore must be considered within the wider field of institutions for governing the corporation and the economy. This chapter is exploratory as it dwells into theoretical underpinning of emerging mandatory CSR as well as provides empirical mapping of corporate responses to the new enacted legislation. The CSR analysis presented is based on a content analysis of the information contained in the annual reports of some prominent companies, government documents, audits reports, companies websites, and newspaper reports, which will provide us evidences of responses of corporates toward the CSR provisions.