Organization, Selection and Training of National Response Teams — A Canadian Perspective
13. It is interesting to note that the South African Army Dog Training Battalion has provided so valuable a product that the 500 dogs and handlers currently trained are to be supplemented by greater numbers. 14. Military Balance 1980-81. op cit. 15. In comparison to the 5.98% GNP devoted to defence by South Africa, Canada pays 1.84%. 16. Denis Venter, "South Africa as an African Power: The Need for a Purposeful Detente Policy in Southern Africa", S. A. Institute of International Affairs, Newsletter, vol. 8, no. 2 (1976). 17. R.S.A., Department of Defence, White Paper on Defence 1977 (Cape Town, 1977), p.6 18. R.S.A. Department of Information, South African News, 16 Sept. 1977, p. 9 19. See, for instance, Jaster, op cit. 20. See Cape Times, 27 Oct 1978. 21. Johnson, op cit, p. 320. 22. See Paul Moorcraft, "Towards the Garrison State", in F. Clifford-Vaughan, ed., International Pressure and Political Change in South Africa, (Oxford, 1978). 23. Gervenka and Rogers, p. 348. 24. South African Digest, (Pretoria), 8 Apr. 1977, p. 3.
SWIFT AND BOLD: AN APPRAISAL OF HOSTAGE RESCUE OPERATIONS
The presence of Gordon Fairweather, the distinguished New Brunswicker who had contested nine Canadian elections, ensured that at least one of the Commonwealth Observers had practical political experience. He remarked to me that he was much moved by the success of this Commonwealth undertaking; in particular, by his realization at the London briefing, that all his colleagues understood election procedure on the Westminster model, whether they were from Papua-New Guinea, Nigeria or Australia. They well-understood the powers of governors, councils, courts and the police and they had a common language. The election had been a demonstration that the sun may have set on the British Empire but that the Commonwealth that lives on is a force for peace, reconciliation and good government.
Nurse responsiveness to cancer patient expressions of emotion.
OBJECTIVE
This theoretically based study examined nurse responses to cancer patient expressions of emotion using a videotaped, simulated cancer patient.


METHODS
This study used an experimental crossover design with a videotaped patient expressing anger, sadness, and neutral emotion to elicit nurse responses. Seventy-four nurses from eight sites participated. Responses were coded using Roter interaction analysis system. Correlations explored relationships between variables that impact communication (age, gender, work experience, trait anxiety, work stress, self-efficacy). Regression models explored the effect of variables on nurse affective responsiveness.


RESULTS
Patient expressions of sadness elicited more affective responses than anger. Expressions of anger or neutral emotion elicited more instrumental behaviors than sadness. Variables such as age, work stress and work experience were significantly correlated. No variables predicted affective responsiveness to patient expressions of anger or sadness.


CONCLUSION
Nurse communication showed significant variation in response to patient emotional expressions. Understanding the relationships between demographic, personality, and work variables, and identification of new variables that influence nurse-patient communication, has implications for interventional studies.


PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
Over 90% of the participants indicated that the videotape simulation would be a useful method for teaching and practicing communication skills with patients expressing emotions.