Reaction to the Texaco Fair Use Ruling among Special Libraries Affiliated with For-Profit Enterprises.
The "Texaco" copyright litigation resulted in new rules governing photocopying of journal articles in special libraries affiliated with for-profit enterprises. The federal court decisions in "Texaco" begin with the premise that research in those libraries serves a profit-seeking motive, and consequently the courts have indicated that photocopying of journal articles in such special libraries will generally not be protected under the doctrine of "fair use." A random sample of 200 special libraries affiliated with for-profit enterprises was selected from across the United States. Each head librarian was asked whether he or she was aware of the "Texaco" decisions and, if so, what actions the library had taken in response to the rulings. Responses to the written questionnaire showed that more than 80% of the respondents were familiar withlhe "Texaco" rulings. Of those, more than half have purchased photocopying licenses from the Copyright Clearance Center. A variety of other reactions, such as obtaining journal articles through a commercial document delivery service, also were reported. No single solution was dominant in the responses; instead, it appears that the affected libraries are mixing and matching remedies in an effort to achieve overall compliance with the copyright laws. The survey cover letter and questionnaire are appended. (Contains 39 references.) (Author) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. REACTION TO THE TEXACO FAIR USE RULING AMONG SPECIAL LIBRARIES AFFILIATED WITH FOR-PROFIT ENTERPRISES A Master's Research Paper submitted to the Kent State University School of Library Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Library Science
Photocopyright infringement
Copyright protection exists in original works of authorship fixed in any tangible medium of expression. Copyright, however, does not extend to any idea, procedure, process, system, method of operation, concept, principle or discovery, regardless of the form in which it is described, explained, illustrated or embodied. The copyright owner has the exclusive right to do or authorize any of the following: reproduce the copyrighted work; prepare derivative works based on the copyrighted work; distribute copies of the copyrighted work to the public by sale or other transfer of ownership, rental, lease or lending; and perform or display the copyrighted work publicly. A few exceptions or limitations challenge an author's exclusive rights to a work of authorship. The most notable is the "fair use" exception. In addition, copyright laws let libraries or archives reproduce no more than one copy of a work and distribute such a copy only under certain conditions. >
Good elementary education
Abstract The aim of this study is to identify good elementary education standards that would contribute to the elimination of inequalities in the implementations regarding the utilization -and making it utilized- of the right to elemetary education. Being a descriptive one, this study attempted to identify the definitions and explanations of the right to education in universal documents by a review of literature. The study then attempted to explain the drawbacks concerning the protection and the utilization of the right to education. The study proposes some standards such as accessibility, content, operation so as to eliminate the obstacles hindering the utilization of the right to elementary education.