Managing the Process of Negotiation
A model of the negotiation process in the industrial relations context is presented which indicates specific negotiating behaviours. It is argued that there are five phases of activity which negotiations move through and three deadlocks that might emerge. These are described, but the point is made that there is nothing in the dynamics of the negotiation process which guarantees that the parties will parallel their movement through the phases, and that the parties have to co‐ordinate their activities to move through to a settlement.
Negotiate Better Deals
Serious negotiation begins when two parties are prepared to make an exchange for mutual advantage. Company A has something to offer Company B which Company B values more than Company A. Likewise, Company B has something to offer Company A which Company A values more than Company B. Reciprocation is possible. A successful negotiation can lead to the improvement in the conditions of both parties. There are usually five phases in any negotiation.
Ceramic microwave antennas for mobile applications
Due to their medium to high permittivity values, ceramic microwave materials are attractive as building blocks for miniaturised antenna solutions. Further advantages are low dielectric losses and an excellent temperature stability of standard ceramic materials. Yet, the permittivity of the ceramic material also has a strong influence on the radiation efficiency and bandwidth of the antenna. This implies that in the design process a suitable compromise has to be found between the degree of miniaturisation on the one hand and the antenna efficiency and bandwidth on the other. We describe two approaches towards efficient miniaturised ceramic microwave antennas: the dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) with partial metallisation and the shorting post patch antenna. We focus on design steps taken to ensure both a high degree of miniaturisation and high values of the radiation efficiency, the choice of the ceramic material and the experimental performance of the antennas.