In-situ external reflection FTIR spectroelectrochemical and XPS investigations of cobalt-cyanometallates as inorganic polymeric materials on a platinum electrode.
Cobalt-cyanometallate films electrochemically deposited on a platinum electrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), in-situ FTIR spectroelectrochemistry (FTIRs) and potential resolved XPS measurements. The experimental results reveal that the CoHCF film on Pt electrode exists in two forms. The major form of the inner layer of the film is (M(+))(2)Co(II)Fe(II)(CN)(6) where M(+)denotes a cationic counter ion, in which both the Fe(2+)and Co(2+)centers can be oxidized to Fe(3+)and Co(3+)in the potential range of 0-1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl in NaCl solution. The major form of the outer layer is Co(II)(2)Fe(II)(CN)(6), in which electrochemical reactions in this potential range are limited by kinetic sluggishness. The FTIR and XPS spectra indicated that the Co centers change from high-spin state to low-spin state accompanying the Co(2+)/Co(3+)oxidation reaction. In addition, the cations' effect on electrochemical reactions of CoHCF is also discussed.
Anodic electrodeposition of cobalt oxides from an alkaline bath containing Co-gluconate complexes on glassy carbon. An electroanalytical investigation
Abstract In this study an electrodeposition procedure of cobalt oxides operating under anodic condition and directly from 0.5 M NaOH solutions containing 12 mM gluconate and 12 mM CoCl2 was defined for the modification of glassy carbon surface electrode. Different experimental approaches based on cyclic voltammetry, steady-state potentiostatic technique, chronoamperometry and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the deposited cobalt oxide films and to evaluate the kinetics and mechanism of electrodeposition. Some aliphatic aldehydes were tested as compound model in order to evaluate the electroanalytical properties of the electrodeposited cobalt film as active redox material for amperometric applications in strong alkaline aqueous solutions. Interesting results in terms of surface electrode modification “in situ” of glassy carbon substrate with cobalt oxides were obtained and critically discussed.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND ITS USES IN HIGHWAY PLANNING AND DESIGN
PHOTOGRAMMETRY MIGHT BE DESCRIBED AS THE PROCESS OF CONVERTING PHOTOGRAPHS INTO CONTOURED TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS. FORMERLY GROUND SURVEY METHODS WERE CONSIDERED THE ONLY RELIABLE MEANS OF OBTAINING ACCURATE TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION. IT IS NOW POSSIBLE TO DEVELOP TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS OF SPECIFIED ACCURACY BY MEANS OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS WHICH ARE THEN SUBJECTED TO A SERIES OF PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PROCESSES SO THAT MAPS MAY BE DRAWN AT SCALES USEFUL IN HIGHWAY LOCATION AND DESIGN. /AUTHOR/