Hydrogen Trapping Studies in Fusion First Wall Materials
Hydrogen trapping in the first wall of fusion reactors is one of the most serious materials problems facing the designers of magnetic confinement devices. The release of this trapped hydrogen from the near surface region of the first wall during a tokamak discharge has been shown to play a major role in the hydrogen fueling of today's plasmas, while trapped hydrogen isotopes will directly influence the on-site tritium inventory and the structural properties of future D-T reactors. This paper summarizes the laboratory ion implantation sttidies on the hydrogen trapping characteristics of first wall materials. Emphasis is placed on the near term materials problems associated with austenitic stainless steels that are currently in use in magnetic confinement devices. Hydrogen trapping experiments involving more exotic first wall structural and coating materials are briefly reviewed.
Hydrogen recycle modeling and measurements in tokamaks
Abstract A model for hydrogen recycling developed for use in a tokamak transport code is described and compared with measurements on ISX-B and DITE. The model includes kinetic reflection of charge-exchange neutrals from the wall and deposition, thermal diffusion, and desorption processes in the wall. In a tokamak with a limiter, the inferred recycle coefficient of 0.9–1.0 is due primarily to reflection (0.8–0.9) with the remainder (0.1–0.2) being due to desorption. Laboratory experiments supply much of the data for the model and several areas are discussed where additional data are needed, such as reflection from hydrogen-loaded walls at low (~100eV) energy. Simulation of ISX-B shows that the recently observed density decrease with neutral beam injection may be partially due to a decrease in recycling caused by hardening of the charge-exchange flux incident on the wall from the plasma. Modeling of isotopic exchange in DITE indicates the need for an ion-induced desorption process which responds on a timescale shorter than the wall thermal diffusion time.
Study on workspace analysis and simulation of 6-DOF painting robot based on monte-carlo method
Comparing recent kinds of methods working on robot workspace when we design to calculate the workspace of 6R painting robot,we bring Monte-Carlo method to analysis the workspace according to the actual working condition. With robot Tool Center Point(TCP) position aggregate via the solution of forward kinetic equation,Monte-Carlo method analysis and simulate painting robot workspace efficiently.