Thermodynamic design data for absorption heat transformers—Part II. Operating on water-calcium chloride
Abstract The Gibbs phase rule and the thermodynamic properties of the working pair limit the choice of operating temperatures. For any combination of the temperatures, the concentrations in the absorber and the generator and hence the flow ratio are fixed. For any particular working pair, the coefficient of performance is related to the flow ratio. Tables of possible combinations of operating temperatures and concentrations, including flow ratios, Carnot coefficients of performance and enthalpy based coefficients of performance have been presented for absorption heat transformers operating on water-lithium bromide. The interaction of operating temperatures has been illustrated graphically.
Applications of innovative configurations of double absorption heat transformers in water purification technology
AbstractIn this study, first law of thermodynamics has been employed to analyze the performances of two different configurations of double absorption heat transformers (DAHTs) in water purification system. The upgraded heat in the absorber of the absorption heat transformers provides the heat for desalination process. The first investigated configuration is the most efficient DAHT according to the literature, and the second one is a novel configuration proposed by the authors. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of different parameters on the studied configurations of DAHTs and the desalination system and to compare their performances in detail. Additionally by considering the quantity of the produced water, both the configurations were optimized. The results revealed that the proposed configuration is capable of producing freshwater for 806 residual units.
Selective and sensitive TNT sensors using biomimetic polydiacetylene-coated CNT-FETs.
Miniaturized smart sensors that can perform sensitive and selective real-time monitoring of target analytes are tremendously valuable for various sensing applications. We developed selective nanocoatings by combining trinitrotoluene (TNT) receptors bound to conjugated polydiacetylene (PDA) polymers with single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (SWNT-FET). Selective binding events between the TNT molecules and phage display derived TNT receptors were effectively transduced to sensitive SWNT-FET conductance sensors through the PDA coating layers. The resulting sensors exhibited an unprecedented 1 fM sensitivity toward TNT in real time, with excellent selectivity over various similar aromatic compounds. Our biomimetic receptor coating approach may be useful for the development of sensitive and selective micro- and nanoelectronic sensor devices for various other target analytes.