Dvaravati, Si Thep, and Wendan.
The aim of this article is to better define the historical position of Wendan (Land Zhenla), an 8th-century kingdom known from Chinese sources, which had a capital in northeastern Thailand. The material evidence from Thailand, primarily in the form of Buddhist boundary stones, will not yield a coherent story until it is studied more deeply, with careful attention to issues of chronology. Architectural ruins in the Angkor region show that temple building (in contrast to what some have previously thought) fell off dramatically in about the second quarter of the 8th century, consistent with the hypothesis that the area fell under the domination of Wendan. For evidence that Angkor-region craftsmen were taken north by Wendan, it is necessary to look at sculpture and monumental remains taken from or remaining in Si Thep, a city likely to have stood west of Wendan’s political center. Evidence from the Delta region (“Water Zhenla”), finally, dating from the second half of the 8th century, reveals contact with Si Thep in this period and also indicates that at least some of the craftsmen who worked on Mt. Kulen (probably beginning prior to Jayavarman II’s coronation in 802) were likely to have been brought from this region.
Sculpture of Angkor and ancient Cambodia : millennium of glory
The 1000-year artistic legacy of Cambodia, including some of the most beautiful works of art and architecture, is displayed in the pages of this encyclopaedic, illustrated volume. Published to coincide with the exhibition opening in Paris in 1997 which then travels to the National Gallery of Art in Washington, it examines the mysterious culture that flourished on the mainland of Southeast Asia between 600 and 1600 AD. Centred on the northern shores of Cambodia's Great Lake, the Tonle Sap, and extending westward into eastern Thailand, the civilization reached its climax in the early 12th century AD, with the construction of Angkor Wat. Recent peace accords and a new democratic assembly have made this historic study possible. Embracing both Buddhist and Hindu traditions, the sculpture ranges from monumental works in sandstone representing gods and goddesses, guardians, female dancers and legendary creatures, to refined ritual and ceremonial bronzes. The religion, iconography, architecture and symbolism of this mysterious country is described against a historical background, depicting the various cultural environments through the decades. Together with a catalogue, stylistic analysis, glossary, timeline, bibliography and index, this work reveals insights to a culture that is still relatively unknown.
Three-dimensional elasticity problems for the prismatic bar
A general solution is given to the three-dimensional linear elastic problem of a prismatic bar subjected to arbitrary tractions on its lateral surfaces, subject only to the restriction that they can be expanded as finite power series in the axial coordinate z. The solution is obtained by repeated differentiation of the tractions with respect to z, establishing a set of sub-problems . A recursive procedure is then developed for generating the solution to from that for . This procedure involves three steps: integration of the stress and displacement fields with respect to z, using an appropriate Papkovich–Neuber (P–N) representation; solution of two-dimensional in-plane and antiplane corrective problems for the tractions in that are independent of z; and expression of these corrective solutions in P–N form. The method is illustrated by an example.