Culturally based goal displacement in an egyptian FP-MCH program
The adoption of an integrated family planning-maternal and child health care strategy in a cultural context non-supportive of family planning invites a shift in emphasis in which the means, MCH services, rather than the achievement of the goals, fertility reduction, become the focus of activities. This paper presents a case of such an occurrence of goal displacement. We conclude that without a carefully considered response which addresses the general cultural and organizational influences that affect project personnel, the effectiveness of integrated family planning/MCH programs in reducing fertility rates will be limited.
Occupational Status and Mass Media in Rural Egypt
The use of mass media to shape public opinion, disseminate public information, and transform political culture, has grown tremendously in developing countries during the last two decades. Many of these countries have raised the slogan of “creationg a new man,” that is, one with skills, attitudes, and values that are conducive to development. In this respect, they have relied on mass media as a major purveyor of modern influences and as one of the most effective agents of political resocialization.
Anaesthetic aspects of bronchial fistula.
SINCE the term bronchial fistula can, from the practical point of view, be applied to any abnormal connection between the inside of the intrathoracic respiratory system and the outside, it includes a very wide assortment of cases. Fistulae vary in their acuteness and duration from a few minutes up to thirty years or more (Huizinga and Smelt, 1950), and in their consequences from the rapidly fatal to the almost insignificant. Although the anaesthetic management of these cases falls mainly within the province of those working in specialized units, any anaesthetist may be caught unawares from time to time. Quite apart from this consideration the subject is well worth discussing because of its intrinsic interest and because it has probably called for as much anaesthetic ingenuity and resourcefulness as any other subject within the specialty.