Flow through Packed and Fluidized Beds
Chemical engineering operations commonly involve the use of packed and fluidized beds. These are devices in which a large surface area for contact between a liquid and a gas (absorption, distillation) or a solid and a gas or liquid (adsorption, catalysis) is obtained for achieving rapid mass and heat transfer, and particularly in the case of fluidized beds, catalytic chemical reactions. You will find a good deal of information about flow through packed and fluidized beds in the book by McCabe, Smith, and Harriott (1) and Perry’s Handbook (2). Here, only a brief summary is given. First, let us consider flow through a packed bed.
A Combined Packed‐Bed Friction Factor Equation: Extension to Higher Reynolds Number with Wall Effects
Significance 
A unique combination of classic packed bed friction factor equations and newly refit correlation constants is proposed which produces a new friction factor correlation which significantly improves predictions in high turbulence regimes, high porosity regimes, and high wall effect regimes.
Discourse Forms and Processes in Indigenous Lowland South America: An Areal-Typological Perspective
▪ Abstract In indigenous lowland South America there are several discourse forms and processes that are shared by groups of people of distinct genetic linguistic affiliations; this leads us to posit this large region, which we label greater Amazonia, as a discourse area, a concept that parallels the notion of linguistic area. The discourse forms and processes we examine are ceremonial dialogue, dialogical performance, templatic ratifying, echo speech, ceremonial greeting, ritual wailing, evidentiality, speech reporting practices, parallelism, special languages, and shamanistic language use. We hypothesize that in lowland South America, discourse is the matrix for linguistic diffusion, i.e., that linguistic areas emerge within discourse areas. What we propose then is a discourse-centered approach to language change and history, parallel to a discourse-centered approach to language structure and use. Our survey includes a plea for a careful archiving of recorded and written materials dealing with lowland So...