A high sensitivity chemiluminescence-based CMOS image biosensor for the detection of human interleukin 5 (IL-5)
In this study, a CMOS image sensor that converts light intensity to digital image data was used to detect human interleukin 5 (IL-5). Although the application of CMOS image sensors to biosensors is well known, a more sensitive method is needed to detect molecules with very low concentrations such as cytokines. For this reason, we have used a chemiluminescence reaction to increase the sensitivity of sandwich immunoassay in CMOS image sensor. Another approach used to obtain a high sensitivity response was the pixel counting analysis. By using pixel counting analysis, much more detailed luminescence signals can be obtained. The detection sensitivity of IL-5 we obtained in our experimental measurements was evaluated up to 0.1 pg/mL.
Serum cytokine profiles in healthy young and elderly population assessed using multiplexed bead-based immunoassays
BackgroundLipid metabolites and cytokines, including chemokines and growth factors, are the key regulators of immune cell function and differentiation, and thus, dysregulation of these regulators is associated with various human diseases. However, previous studies demonstrating a positive correlation of cytokine levels with aging may have been influenced by various environmental factors and underlying diseases. Also, data regarding cytokine profiling in the elderly are limited to a small subset of cytokines.MethodsWe compared the profiles of 22 cytokines, including chemokines and growth factors, in a case-controlled study group of a gender-matched, healthy cohort of 55 patients over the age of 65 and 55 patients under the age of 45. Assessment of serum cytokine concentrations was performed using commercially-available multiplex bead-based sandwich immunoassays.ResultsSoluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) levels were significantly higher in the elderly patients, whereas granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels were significantly lower in the elderly patients. The partial correlation analysis demonstrating the correlation between cytokine levels when controlled for gender, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, and serum creatinine levels further demonstrated that G-CSF, GM-CSF, and MCP-1 had significant negative correlations with age, whereas sCD40L and TGF-α had significant positive correlations.ConclusionsFuture studies will focus on examining the significance of these age-related changes in circulating cytokines and other biological markers and their potential contribution to the development of different age-associated diseases.
Can family language policy predict linguistic, socio-emotional and cognitive child and family outcomes? A systematic review
Multilingual families face decisions about the linguistic upbringing of their children. These decisions shape their family language policy (FLP) which potentially impacts the children and their fam...