The Difficulties and Dilemmas of International Intelligence Cooperation
Stéphane Lefebvre is a former Strategic Analyst at the Canadian Department of National Defence and a former Marcel Cadieux Policy Planning Fellow at the Canadian Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade. The views expressed here are the author's and do not necessarily reflect the views of any governmental or nongovernmental organizations with which he is or has been affiliated. An earlier version of this article was presented at the Colloque Renseignement et Sécurité internationale, Laval University, Quebec City, Canada, on 20 March 2003.
Presidents' secret wars : CIA and Pentagon covert operations from World War II through the Persian Gulf
Part 1 Introduction 9 Part 2 The Cold War Crucible 13 Part 3 The Secret War Against Russia 30 Part 4 "We'll Get It Right Next Time" 45 Part 5 Adventures in Asia 61 Part 6 The Covert Legions 79 Part 7 Bitter Fruits 91 Part 8 "Create and Exploit Troublesome Problems" 108 Part 9 Archipelago 128 Part 10 The War for the Roof of the World 149 Part 11 Cuba I: "Another Black Hole of Calcutta" 171 Part 12 Cuba II: From Pluto to Mongoose 194 Part 13 Cold War and Counterinsurgency 218 Part 14 Vietnam 239 Part 15 The High Plateau 261 Part 16 Global Reach 297 Part 17 "Rogue Elephant" to Resurrection 326 Part 18 New Wave Covert Actions 357 Part 19 Bill Casey's War 396 Part 20 Project Democracy 419 Part 21 Secret Wars Reprise 476 Part 22 Abbreviations and Acronyms 489 Part 23 Notes 493 Part 24 Bibliography 525 Part 25 Index 549
Analysis: The Agenda 2007 Proposals: Evolution or Revolution?
On 10 February 2004 the Commission published its proposal for the financial perspective 2007-2013. A week later it adopted the third report on economic and social cohesion. These two documents form the basis of the so-called ‘Agenda 2007 reforms’. They will be the greatest challenge for the enlarged EU after the intergovernmental conference, since they will determine the financial basis for EU policy-making until the middle of the next decade. The Agenda 2007 proposals certainly hint at courageous reforms, because they place a previously unheard-of emphasis on performance and quality. Under the proposals, structural operations should generate value for money, and the funds should focus on projects which generate added value at a European level. Overall the Commission’s proposals point in the right direction, because they balance, on the one hand, solidarity for the new Member States and weak regions in the old Member States with, on the other hand, investments in future tasks. Moreover, they constitute a paradigm shift. For the first time, the Common Agricultural Policy will not be the dominant expenditure category. Now it is up to the Member States to examine the proposals politically and find a compromise between sometimes very divergent interests. It is to be hoped that, during the debate over expenditure limits and division of funds, national interests do not outweigh European interests.