Estimation of a technology matrix from a domestic coefficients matrix and a row of intermediate imports in input-output analysis
This paper suggests several methods of estimating a technology matrix from a domestic transactions matrix, and a row vector of imports into each sector. The performance of the proposed techniques is assessed on the basis of tests using data on a large number of countries, for which both domestic and technology matrices exist. The best method is subsequently used to generate estimates of technology matrices for countries where such information has not previously been available, and as an illustration of a possible application of such estimates, a brief international comparison of production structures is attempted.
Validation problems and technological change in an input‐output model
The problems of validation of an input‐output model for forecasting the effects of clothing imports on the textile and other industries in the Australian economy are described. These relate to incomplete data requiring estimators to complete a fundamental matrix and allowance for technological change from one previous time period to another. Although reasonable reconciliation was achieved between computed results and industry observations and data over the most recent historical periods for which data is available, the use of the method for forecasting requires allowance to be made for the inclusion of forecasted technological changes via endogenous variables or other means. The method described for the Australian study throws light on some important economic issues which required qualification during the period used for validation. It is operated on a desk top computer.
Simulating the Illuminance and Efficiency of the LEDs Used in General Household Lighting
Abstract The advantage of the LEDs illumination in general household lighting was proposed. High efficiency white LED as the light source was provided the energy saving illumination of the general household lightings. Different spaces in general household with different standards of average illuminance were designed and simulated by LightTools and DIALux software. The power consumptions and efficiency of traditional illuminated light sources and LED light source in lighting the household environment were analyzed and compared with each other at the same standard of average illuminance. Finally, it provided the advantage of using white LEDs in different spaces of the general household lighting.