An oasis of prosperity: solely an American phenomenon?
While economies worldwide falter, the United States remains steadfast. How did our nation get to be the land of milk and honey?
Macroeconomics: An Integrated Approach
Part I From Micro to Macro-Modelling Income Determination and Growth: Output, Inputs, and Growth Case Study - Sources of U.S. Growth Since 1950 The Dynamic Supply of Inputs Case Study - Why Has the US Saving Rate Declined? Case Study - The Worldwide Demographic Transition and the Supply of Capital Case Study - The U.S. Trend Toward Early Retirement The Dynamic Demand for Inputs and the Revolution of Output Case Study - Post-World War II Japanese and German Capital Deepening Case Study - The Black Plague Business Cycles Case Study - The Massachusetts Miracle Measurement of Outputs and Inputs Case Study - How Not to Impose a Sales Tax Case Study - How to Tax Consumption Saving and Growth in the International Economy Case Study - Japan After World War II and the US in the 19th Century. Part II Fiscal and Monetary Policy: Fiscal Policy, Saving and Growth Case Study - Generational Accounts, Now and In the Future Case Study - Social Security Case Study - Government Capital Formation Case Study - Tax Policy in the 1980s Money and Prices in the Closed Economy Case Study - California's 1992 Warrants Case Study - Real Money Balances During the German Hyperinflation Case Study - The Deflation of 1865-1879 Money, Prices and Policy in the Open Economy Case Study - Postwar U.S. Exchange Rate Regimes Case Study - Fixed Exchange Rates Under the Gold Standard Case Study - Purchasing-Power Parity and International Big Mac Prices Case Study - Stabilizing the Argentine Peso Case Study - The Debate Over European Monetary Union. Part III Economics Fluctuations: Monetary and Fiscal Policy in the Presence of Price and Wage Rigidity Case Study - Price Rigidity-Magazine Prices and the Minimum Wage Understanding Recessions Case Study - Oil Price Shocks and Recessions Case Study - Do Anticipated or Unanticipated Money Shocks Affect US Output? Case Study - Consumer and Business Confidence and the Business Cycle. (Part contents)
Effekte einer freiwilligen Mitgliedschaft in Berufsverbänden auf das Einkommen: Eine Analyse der Einkommensdynamik bei Freiberuflern in Deutschland
Central question in our analysis is if voluntarily organised Professions, i.e. self-employed Liberal Professions (Freiberufler) in professional organisations, yield a higher income than those not associated to any professional organisation. To answer this question four waves from the German Socio-Economic Panel Survey Study (GSOEP) are used. Descriptive statistics show a positive link of gross monthly income and those who are voluntarily associated in professional organisations. Because gross monthly income is influenced by the amount of actual hours worked, gross hourly income is the central magnitude of interest. The aforementioned positive link is widely confirmed by descriptive statistics of corresponding gross hourly income. To measure causal effects through voluntary membership in professional organisations a fixed-effects-model in consideration of unobserved and time constant heterogeneity is estimated. We find a negative premium in gross hourly income for voluntarily organised Professions which varies between -7,67 und -9,15 %.