Coulometric generation of protons by oxidation of hydrogen dissolved in palladium, in non-aqueous media.
Coulometric generation of H(+) ions by the oxidation of hydrogen dissolved in palladium, in media such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, cyclohexanone, acetic anhydride and acetic acid-acetic anhydride mixture, for use in titration of bases, has been investigated. The hydrogen is oxidized at potentials which are much more negative than those of the bases and other components present in the solution. Titrations of numerous bases have established that the oxidation is quantitative and proceeds with 100% current efficiency.
A high-precision titration of 4-aminopyridine A value for the faraday.
A specimen of 4-aminopyridine purified by repeated sublimation in an atmosphere of nitrogen has been titrated coulometrically in two ways: (1) directly, using the hydrazine-platinum anode, and (2) with perchloric acid, the titration being completed coulometrically and the perchloric acid being standardized coulometrically. The values for the faraday calculated from these titrations are 96,486.40 (1.53) and 96,486.78 (0.57), 1972 NBS coulombs per mole, respectively, the average being 96,486.69 (0.81) and the numbers in the parentheses the standard deviations. The maximum error obtained by combining the estimated maximum errors in the various measurements was 8.4 ppm.
Key Considerations for an Economic and Legal Framework Facilitating Medical Travel
Medical travel has the capacity to counter increasing costs of health care by creating new markets and increased revenue for health services, potentially benefiting local populations, economies, and health-care systems. This paper is part of a broad, comprehensive project aimed at developing a global health access policy (GHAP). It presents key issues to consider in terms of ensuring economic viability, sustainability, and limiting risk to the many stakeholders involved in the rapidly expanding industry of medical travel. The noted economic and legal barriers to medical travel are based on a synthesis of themes found in an extensive review of the available literature. Economic considerations, when setting up a GHAP, include a dynamic approach to pricing that is fair to the local population. Legal considerations include the implementation of international quality standards and the protection of the rights of those traveling as well as those of local populations in recipient countries. By taking into account these opportunities, the GHAP will more adequately address existing gaps in the economic and legal regulation of medical travel.