A Citizen's Handbook for Evaluating Community Impacts: an Experiment in Community Education
Four nonmetropolitan communities were selected for an experimental community education program designed to train local citizens in the general procedures of economic impact research. It is argued that citizen participation is enhanced by a fuller understanding of the technical content of the planning problem at hand and that this understanding is best developed through involvement in a citizen research process prior to policy formulation. The experiment was only partially successful. A handbook was developed that is easily used by lay persons to make impact estimates, but a broad base of citizen involvement in research could not be developed. Community interest was strongest in places anticipating impacts in the near term. Retirees, citizens who could receive specific immediate benefits, and local planners and managers emerged as the best community analysts.
Professional Values about Community Decisions: the Advocacy Question
Content analysis of articles in the Journal of the Community Development Society from 1970 to 1986 reveals three common sets of values about community decisions and related professional roles for community development practitioners. Journal authors value community decisions that are informed, democratic and just. The authors differ, however, over a key question: should community development professionals be advocates when they are assisting community leaders who are making policy decisions? A strong case can be made for nonadvocacy, based on a respect for democracy. Advocacy is, however, often unavoidable and common professional values, including democracy, can in some situations be used to support an advocacy role. This article provides a guide for community development practitioners to use in making ethical choices concerning advocacy.
[Effects of dance exercise on exercise intention and exercise-related affect of postmenopausal women].
PURPOSE
A dance exercise program was performed to investigate the effects of exercise on exercise intention and exercise-related affect as these are important determinants of exercise behavior.


METHOD
The subjects were overweight (23< or =BMI< or =25) or obese (BMI> or =25) postmenopausal women (n=14), who participated in an exercise program from May, 2003 through November, 2003 at one public health center located in Kyong-gi Province. Data was analyzed with an SAS PC program.


RESULT
Exercise intention was significantly increased after the exercise program (t=-2.24, P=0.04). Exercise-related affect was also increased, but there was no statistically significant change (t=1.81, P=0.09).


CONCLUSION
This study suggests that exercise participation can increase the level of future exercise behavior by increasing exercise intention and exercise-related affect.