The structure of ultrathin Langmuir-Blodgett films of cadmium behenate.
Grazing incidence x-ray-diffraction investigations of the structures of Langmuir-Blodgett films of cadmium behenate with 1, 2, 3, 5, and 21 monolayers are reported. The single monolayer film, deposited on a hydrophilic substrate, showed a hexagonal structure, whereas the bilayer film, deposited on a hydrophobic substrate, had a rectangular structure with herringbone orientation of the acyl chains. With multilayer films formed on a hydrophilic substrate, it was possible to detect that the hexagonal structure of the first layer was retained when additional layers were deposited and that the additional layers had the same rectangular structure as the bilayer.
Application of off-specular scattering of X-rays and neutrons to the study of soft matter
Recent applications of the use of off-specular reflection of neutrons and X-rays in the study of soft matter are reviewed after a brief introduction to the status of the current theoretical treatment of such data. The review is intended to highlight the range of systems that may now be studied with off-specular reflection and recent progress in understanding the results that are observed. A few specific experimental cases are discussed as well as recent technical developments that may enable further more sophisticated treatments of off-specular scattering to be investigated.
Developers of the hepatitis B vaccine.
air at VA facilities, one of the many pieces of unfinished business beyond those major issues that we discussed in our Commentary. We agree that all facilities where current and past military personnel serve and receive treatment should be 100% smoke-free and note the recent Institute of Medicine report Combating Tobacco in Military and Veteran Populations. The report, which was commissioned by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 2007, calls for the DOD to set a timeline to eliminate smoking on military installations. The report also recommends that the DOD stop selling tobacco products in military commissaries and exchanges, prohibit tobacco use anywhere on military installations, and treat tobacco use in the same way as other health-related behaviors, such as alcohol abuse and poor physical fitness. We join Matthews and the Institute of Medicine in urging the VA and the DOD to take more immediate steps to protect the health of the men and women who serve in the armed services, as well as the civilians (such as Dr Matthews) working to serve them.