Carbon Capture Overview
Government research funding initially emphasizing pre-combustion (CO2 capture from syngas) has led to the realization that less-glamorous post-combustion (flue gas scrubbing) most likely represents the best option for timely, cost-effective Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) in the immediate future. A better understanding of capture costs resulting from the renewed interest in post-combustion has prompted the U.S. Government to increase the acceptable target for increased cost of energy required for flue gas scrubbing from 20% in 2006 to 35% today, highlighting the importance of advancing the current technology. While acid gas removal from process streams using alkanolamines is a mature technology, flue gas scrubbing presents many new challenges still not adequately met on the scale necessary for GHG abatement. In addition to discussing those challenges, this paper reviews (1) flue-gas scrubbing facilities installed over the past 30+ years for commercial purposes such as EOR, urea manufacture, soda ash manufacture and food processing, and (2) current status of innovative technologies employing, for example, sterically hindered amines and aqueous ammonia. While the GHG contribution of sulphur recovery activities is arguably insignificant, potential monetary CO2 reduction incentives will likely improve the economics of reducing incineration fuel by simple, established means as discussed.
Carbon capturing storage and utilization at building level : a feasibility study based on life cycle thinking
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Chapter 13 – Development of the Sorption Enhanced Water Gas Shift Process
This chapter presents the development of a novel precombustion decarbonization technology referred to as the sorption enhanced water gas shift (SEWGS) process. This development program was supported through the precombustion subgroup of the CO 2 Capture Project (CCP). This technology is particularly attractive for decarbonizing gas turbine fuel, and hence provides opportunities for power generation with minimal CO 2 emissions, high power efficiency and potentially lower cost of capturing CO 2 for storage. The SEWGS process simultaneously converts syngas containing CO into H 2 and CO 2 and removes the CO 2 from the product hydrogen by adsorption. The system operates as a multi-bed pressure swing adsorption unit, with each bed packed with a mixture of shift catalyst and a high-temperature CO 2 adsorbent. Carbon in the feed gas in the form of CO and CO 2 are removed from the product gas by the CO 2 adsorbent, and after specific PSA process steps, rejected as relatively high-purity CO 2 for recovery. The product hydrogen produced during the feed step contains the excess steam from the reaction and any nitrogen from the syngas generation, and is at high temperature and feed pressure. This hot fuel mixture can be burned in gas turbines with higher turbine efficiency than with natural gas firing and substantially lower NO x formation.