Reactivity and structure of CF3I on Ru(001)
A variety of surface-sensitive techniques are used to elucidate the reaction pathways, as well as adsorbate structures, associated with thermal activation of CF{sub 3}J following adsorption on Ru(001) at 100 K. XPS shows that the C-I bond of CF{sub 3}I dissociates below 200 K to form CF{sub 3}(ad) and I(ad); the subsequent reactions of CF{sub 2} are best viewed as being regulated by the availability of surface sites. CF{sub 3}(ad) dissociates to CF{sub 2}(ad) below 200 K. Further CF{sub 3} dissociation, some of which is activated by H(ad), occurs between 200 and 400 K until all available sites are filled. Desorption of the remaining CF{sub 3}, peaking at 705 K, once again opens surface sites for decomposition. This is followed by recombination of the products to form CF{sub 3}(g). No evidence for CF(ad) is ever observed. Hydrogen coadsorption studies explain interesting features associated with fluorine evolution. HREELS and ESDIAD results indicate that CF{sub 3} adopts a tilted configuration on Ru(001). 53 refs., 11 figs., 3 tabs.
Desorption Induced by Electronic Transitions
Bombardment of a surface by electrons or photons can cause rupture of surface bonds and desorption from the surface, by inducing transitions to repulsive electronic states. The phenomenon of desorption induced by electronic transitions (DIET) includes both electron stimulated desorption (ESD) and photon stimulated desorption (PSD) [4.1–3]. DIET processes are of widespread importance in many areas of science and technology, including beam damage in surface analysis using x-rays or electrons, in electron and photon beam lithography, and in radiation physics of interstellar space, to name a few.
Characterization of ceramic composite membrane filters for hot gas cleaning
Abstract Novel composite ceramic membrane filters suitable for hot gas cleaning operations have been prepared from fly ash and titania particles on stainless steel woven mesh substrates. Both membranes had a structure like a solid packed bed with a thickness of less than 100 μm. In the domain of laminar flow, significant differences in the pressure drop between experimental results and those predicted from the Kozeny-Carman relationship were found, particularly for flow through the titania membrane. Membrane filters with extremely small pores such as the titania membrane are greatly affected by slip up to 80% in permeability at elevated temperatures. Efficiencies of filtration of typical coal fired power station exhaust fly ashes were found to be greater than 909% for both titania and ash membranes, whilst there was greater variation in the pressure drops in the ash membrane than in the titania at typical gas flows.