Energy Doubler Refrigeration System
The design concept of a central liquefier supplying satellite stations as well as failure nudes will be discussed. Performance data will also be presented.
Thermodynamic and Mechanical Design of the FNAL Central Helium Liquefier
Presently at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) there is a strong effort to increase the energy of the protons in the particle accelerator. To contain the higher energy particles with their greater mass, it is necessary to increase the magnetic field strength in the approximately 1000 magnets located along the periphery of the main ring in the accelerator. The operation of the magnets at superconducting temperatures will increase the current transmission capacity of the magnets, and this in turn will increase the magnetic field strength. As a result, for the given magnet string configuration, operating at superconducting temperatures, more energy can be transferred to the protons—hence the designation “energy double” given to the project.
Cooling of a system of superconducting magnets by means of pumped subcooled liquid helium
In the course of developing the refrigeration system for the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory energy doubler, a new concept was developed for the cooling of long, superconducting magnet systems. The concept depends on: a) the use of pumps for the transport of liquid helium and refrigeration, and b) heat transfer between a stream of boiling helium and one of subcooled liquid helium for maintenance of a constant temperature of the fluid surrounding the magnet windings. In order to verify the validity of the concept an experimental program at Fermilab was started. This paper describes the experimental installation and some of the test results obtained during a number of test runs.