Synthesis of the first fluoro(phosphanyl)- and diphosphanyl-stannanes and surprising formation of [P(SnMe3)4]+ SiF5-.
Monophosphanylation of the difluorostannane Is2SnF2 (Is = 2,4,6-triisopropylphenyl) with Si(PH2)4 furnishes the first isolable fluoro(phosphanyl)stannane Is2Sn(F)PH2 1, which readily undergoes unique SiO2-assisted decompostion to [Is2Sn(PH)]2 2 and HF, while further phosphanylation of 1 leads to the remarkably stable diphosphanylstannane Is2Sn(PH2)2 3; the latter reacts with Me3SnF at the glass-wall to give the first perstannylphosphonium pentafluorosilicate [P(SnMe3)4]+ SiF5- 4.
6 Nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony andbismuth
Group 15 has generated fascinating chemistry in recent years, and 2003 was no exception. Highlights of the year included the preparation of an inorganic fullerene-like compound containing P5 and P4Cu2 rings, an arsenic–nickel complex with a three-shell structure and the isolation of the phosphorus oxide ozonide P4O18. Details of all of these are included below. Nitrogen and phosphorus compounds have continued to be used extensively as ligands, though space limitations have precluded detailing the use of Group 15-containing compounds in this manner unless transformation of the ligand itself was involved or an unusual coordination mode was observed. As in previous years the summaries of each work cited are as concise as possible in order to maximise the range of chemistry described.
Correlations for mass transfer between fluidized spheres and a liquid
Abstract Data on mass transfer between the solid particles and the liquid in a fluidized bed have been analyzed. After a convenient selection, various correlations have been derived. They show that for a given fluidized system, the Sherwood number is independent on the Reynolds number.