Projecting the regional economic impacts of energy development
Changes in Federal energy policy create incidental economic impacts that affect output, income, employment, and other macro-economic variables which are largely ignored. A methodology for analyzing incidental multi-regional impacts uses the National Regional Impact Evaluation System (NRIES), which integrates 51 state econometric models into a national five-to-ten year framework to determine the implications of expanded coal use. The NRIES model simulates two advanced production scenarios at a single state (Montana) and a multiregional/national level. The effects of policy change appear as political and economic disruptions that cannot be contained within a single region. 14 references, 2 figures, 7 tables. (DCK)
Production and high energy prices: A case of some Pan-Pacific countries☆
Abstract To explore the relationship between price of energy, energy consumption, and output, this paper suggests a simultaneous equation system. Using time-series data for five Pan-Pacific countries — Canada, Japan, Korea, the Philippines and the USA and applying the two-stage least squares method, the above system of equations is estimated for each of the five countries. Short-run GDP elasticity with respect to energy is nearly the same (0.3) for all four industrialized countries. Short-run price elasticity of energy demand is between -0.20 and -0.08 for the four industrialized economies and -0.37 for the Philippines.
An Optimization Approach to Occupant Safety and Fuel Economy in Vehicle Design
1. Abstract A major challenge in automotive design is the creation of safe vehicles with minimal environmental impact. This study presents a modeling framework for evaluating and optimizing body designs for improved occupant safety and fuel efficiency. Vehicle body mass is considered as the main link between safety and sustainability. The modeling framework includes frontal crash energy absorption, restraint system design and fuel economy. Preliminary results indicate a Pareto-optimal curve between safety and sustainability may exist when other factors are not taken into account. A more complete modeling framework that includes more sophisticated sustainability and safety metrics, cost and other market considerations, is suggested in order to support better design and regulatory decisions. 2. Keywords: Automotive body structures, fuel economy, occupant safety, optimal vehicle design, restraint systems