Use of Waste Plastic and Waste Rubber in Aggregate and Bitumen for Road Materials
Many roads agencies have been experiencing problem of premature failure of pavements like potholes, roughness, cracks and etc. which leads to poor performance of roads and its life. On the other hand, plastics, rubbers, etc. are increasing day by day. Waste like plastic bottles, polymers, cups, waste tyre's can be re-used by powdering or blending it with crusher's and can be coated over aggregate and bitumen by any heating process. In this study we have used polymer and crumbed rubber as a binder with respect to aggregate and bitumen. In bituminous roads, we use materials like aggregate (of various sizes), grit and bitumen. The various tests are conducted during this study on aggregates such as crushing value, impact value, abrasion value, and specific gravity and also on bitumen penetration value, ductility, softening point. The results are discussed in this paper.
Effect of Waste Materials on Bituminous Mix Properties
xi CHAPTER 1 1 INRODUCTION 1-2 1.1 General 1 1.2 Bitumen 1 CHAPTER 2 3 LITERATURE REVIEW 3-28 2.1General 14 2.2 Literature review study 14 2.3 Research Objectives 17 CHAPTER 3 18-24 METHODOLOGY 18 3.1 General 18 3.2 Methodology flow chart 18 3.5 Methods for testing samples or construction of roads 21 3.6 Test conducted on bitumen with different waste by using wet process 23 3.7 Material used for sample preparation. 24 3.8 Sample preparation 24 CHAPTER 4. 25-53 RESULTS ANALYSIS 25 4.1 General 25 4.2 Test result of bitumen with waste LDPE 25 4.2.1 Penetration test result of bituminous mix with waste LDPE 25 4.2.2 Ductility test result of bitumen with waste LDPE 26 4.2.3 Softening point test result of bitumen with waste LDPE 28 4.2.4 Specific gravity test result of bitumen with waste LDPE 29
Neurology, psychology, and extraordinary religious experiences
Temporal lobe epilepsy and certain personality disorders often result in experiences described as “religious.” TLE research suggests a possible neurological basis for such experiences. Immediately the question arises about the authenticity of these experiences as religious. An experience is authentic if it furthers the authentic growth of the subject, regardless of what triggered it. So pathology may occasion authentic religious experiences, even as history exemplifies. For practical purposes, the further question about God in religious experience is secondary. The exception, miraculous occurrences, should not be granted without sufficient reason. This approach dissolves all conflict between science and faith.