Models of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR): A report for the Legal Ombudsman
The aim of this research was to investigate what the Legal Ombudsman can learn from other Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) providers. The research was commissioned by the Legal Ombudsman to help it review and develop its dispute resolution model and ensure it remains fit-for-purpose. The research involved a case study design and fieldwork was conducted with ten organisations: four in the UK, one in Ireland, two in New Zealand, one in Australia, one in Canada and one in the USA. The research highlighted a range of dispute resolution practices and illustrated some of the key design choices that ADR providers need to make when designing or reviewing a dispute resolution scheme. These fell within four areas: the use of online dispute resolution; the early stages of dispute resolution processes; mediation approaches; and the later stages of dispute resolution and building influence.
Online dispute resolution: The future of justice
Abstract The purpose of this study is to present the main facets of online dispute resolution, including a definition of the term, the types of resolution available, and the most recent legal regulations in this area. The article is an in-depth study of this field, discussing online mediation and electronic arbitration, their uses and their relationships with e-commerce. The strengths and weaknesses of online dispute resolution are identified and used to help formulate de lege ferenda stipulations. The paper is divided into three parts. Part I looks at preliminary aspects of online dispute resolution (ODR), including a definition of the term and an examination of its phases of development, implementation examples and the relationship between ODR and technology. Part II is devoted to examining the two most frequent forms of ODR: online mediation and electronic arbitration. Part III is an analysis of consumer disputes arising from commercial transactions made using electronic communications. As an example of the implementation of ODR, the author emphasises the importance of new European regulations on that and alternative dispute resolution (ADR): Directive 2013 /11/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on alternative dispute resolution for consumer disputes and amending Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 and Directive 2009/22/EC (Directive on consumer ADR), and Regulation (EU) No 524/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 21 May 2013 on online dispute resolution for consumer disputes and amending Regulation (EC) No 2006/2004 and Directive 2009/22/EC (Regulation on consumer ODR).
Online Dispute Resolution : The Next Phase
Ce texte traite de l’evolution des modes alternatifs de resolution de conflit (MARC) en ligne. L’auteur dresse un historique des differents projets de mediation en ligne en passant par ses « debuts » en 1999 lorsque l’Online Ombuds Office (OOO) fut approche pour l’elaboration d’un systeme de mediation pour les clients d’eBay, par SquareTrade.com, par les regles de l’ICANN, par Cybersettle et Clicknsettle, etc. Il expose ensuite le courrant que prendra la cybermediation et le cyberarbitrage dans les annees a venir. Ainsi, le medium informatique devient lentement une « quatrieme partie » aux discussions et peut venir en aide aux arbitres et aux mediateurs dans la gestion et la communication d’informations. De plus les fonctions d’affichages propres aux ordinateurs, c’est-a-dire la possibilite d’incorporer images, graphiques, plans, etc., devront etre mis a l’œuvre par les systemes de MARC en ligne si ceux-ci sont destines a prendre de l’expansion dans d’autres domaines que ceux leur etant presentement reserves.