Low-cost optical sub-assemblies for metro access applications
The fiber optic communications industry is experiencing significant change as datacom 10 Gb/s Ethernet (10 GbE) networks merge with telecom SONET 10G networks in the drive to reach metro access applications. Lower data rate (1G Ethernet, 1G and 2G fiber channel, and SONET OC-48) applications have already merged to some extent as various versions are available within the SFF or SFP standard transceiver form factors. Traditional 10 Gb/s optical subassemblies (OSAs), developed for SONET OC-192 applications, used variations of the expensive butterfly type package. However, smaller form factor modules (such as the XFP that uses SFF optical connectors and LC duplex optical connectors) require much smaller OSAs. To meet the size limitation of packaging 10G OSAs into the XFP transceiver and also meet the 10 GbE market challenge of providing low-cost solutions, new 10 Gb/s OSA components are needed.
Single-mode-fiber direct coupled 10-Gbps VCSEL-TOSA on flexible substrate platform
A new-type 10-Gbps VCSEL-TOSA (vertical cavity surface emitting laser transmitter optical sub-assembly) was demonstrated with single-mode-fiber direct coupling optics and a flexible substrate platform. The TOSA showed high fiber coupling efficiency (-1.6 dB) and clear 10-Gbps eye-opening with -2.6 dBm average optical power and 6 dB extinction ratio.
Constructing gender and locality in late medieval England : the lives of Anglo-Saxon and British female saints in the South English Legendaries
..........................................................................................2 Acknowledgements.............................................................................5 Introduction....................................................................................8 1. Female Saints in the SELS 2. The SEL Manuscripts of Monastic Women’s Lives 3. Narratives of Medieval Monastic Women Chapter 1 Saint Frideswide of Oxford and Topoi of Virginity........................42