Development of a non-invasive thermometric system for fluids in pipes
In this paper a non-invasive thermometric system for the measurement of the temperature of fluids in pipes based on the dual heat flux method is presented. The proposed solution is a possible alternative to the employment of thermowells in industrial applications. The proposed sensing system, is based on the dual heat flux method, a technique used in biomedical field. The applicability of such a measurement system in the field of interest is studied taking into account its component performance and how they influence the overall system behavior. A prototype system exploiting RTD sensors with measurement accuracy lower than 1°C has been designed, obtaining performances comparable to the thermowell ones. To reach such an accuracy a dedicated front-end electronics has been developed.
Optimal selection of thermowells
Abstract Thermowells are universally used in the hydrocarbon industries, with little thought as to their selection. This paper gives a method of optimising the selection, balancing hydraulic and vibration requirements against static and dynamic errors, and indicating likely levels of error for screwed, flanged and vanStone style wells. It also considers the alternative of externally mounting and insulating the thermal element.
Advancement of Reactor Coolant Pump (RCP) Performance Verification Test in KAERI
Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has designed and constructed a test facility for reactor coolant pumps (RCPs). The RCP Test Facility (RCPTF) has the capability to test a RCP under the operation condition of an Advanced Power Reactor 1400 MW (APR1400). The design values of the facility are 17.2 MPa, 343 °C, 11.7 m3/s, and 13 MW in maximum pressure, temperature, flow rate, and electrical power, respectively. In the facility, it is possible to perform a type test for a newly-developed RCP as well as a production test for a RCP before its installation in a nuclear power plant. For the production test, H-Q curves under the cold and hot conditions are acquired. For the type test, various transient tests are additionally performed including four types of seal transient tests, a thrust bearing transient test, a cost down test, and so on.To acquire H-Q curves of a RCP, the flow rate should be controlled by varying the flow resistance in the test loop. The RCPTF uses a Variable Restriction Orifice (VRO) whose flow area can be controlled by moving the two orifice plates installed in-parallel. The need for flow control valves and bypass lines was eliminated using the VRO such that the flow disturbance was minimized. The flow rate in the main loop of the RCPTF is measured by a standard venture flow meter. The flow rate in the RCPTF is very high and thus the venture flow meter could not be calibrated in the entire range of Reynolds number corresponding to the operating condition in the APR1400. The calibration was conducted at the Colorado Experiment Engineering Station Inc. (CEESI) in the USA where natural gas is used for a working fluid. If a discharge coefficient calibrated with the gas is applied in the test results performed using the water as a working fluid, a discrepancy can occur due to the static hole error. Therefore, the static hole error was compensated in the test results and the result shows the improvement.The effect of the temperature on the pressure pulsation amplitude was also evaluated. During a cold performance test and heat-up phase to the condition of a hot performance test, an abnormal increase in the pressure pulsation amplitude was observed near the specific temperature range. This is acoustic resonance phenomena that occur when a blade passing frequency of the RCP is proportional to the harmonic resonance frequency of the RCPTF.© 2014 ASME