Visibility of colors underwater using artificial illumination.
The visibility of various colors underwater with artificial illumination has been measured in three different bodies of water chosen to sample a continuum from clear to turbid. Subjects were Scuba divers who observed the colors at night, using a mercury or an incandescent light source. The visibility results show numerous interactions among color, fluorescence, type of light source, and type of water; from them, it is possible to select the optimum combination to be used under a wide variety of conditions.
Physics and physiology in the hyperbaric environment.
The following topics are reviewed in relation to diving: the physical properties of hyperbaric gases; light and vision; sound, hearing and speech; the cardiovascular system; the lungs; thermal regulation; decompression sickness; central nervous system.
Light in the Sea
Light in the sea may be produced by the sun or stars, by chemical or biological processes, or by man-made sources. Serving as the primary source of energy for the oceans and supporting their ecology, light also enables the native inhabitants of the water world, as well as humans and their devices, to see. In this paper, new data drawn from investigations spanning nearly two decades are used to illustrate an integrated account of the optical nature of ocean water, the distribution of flux diverging from localized underwater light sources, the propagation of highly collimated beams of light, the penetration of daylight into the sea, and the utilization of solar energy for many purposes including heating, photosynthesis, vision, and photography.