Chemical constituents of Isodon melissoides.
Four new diterpenoids, melissoidesin E (1), F (2), G (4) and H (5), together with one known diterpenoid and two lignan glycosides, were isolated from aerial parts of Isodon melissoides. Their structures were established by spectral analysis and comparison with related compounds. The lignan glycosides (compounds 7 and 8) were the first examples to be isolated from the genus Isodon plants.
Ent-kaurene diterpenoids, isodopharicins A, B and C inIsodon pharicus
Abstract Three new ent -kaurene diterpenoids, isodopharicin A, B and C, were isolated from the whole plant of Isodon pharicus . The structures of isodopharicin A and B established by spectroscopic and chemical means were formulated as 11β-acetoxy-3α,13α-dihydroxy- ent -kaur-16-en-15-one and 3α,11β-diacetoxy-13α-hydroxy- ent -kaur-16-en-15-one, respectively. The structure isodopharicin C was confirmed by X-ray analysis to be 11β-acetoxy-13α,19-dihydroxy- ent -kaur-16-en-15-one.
Study of External Parasites Infesting Carcharhinus Melanopterus Fish From The Red Sea In Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Parasitic diseases are harmful and limiting factors in breeding and rearing ornamental fish industry, such as the Monogenea ( Dactylogyrus sp and Erpocotyletiburonis ) and copepod ( Pandarus sinuatus  and Anchistrotostangi ). The copepod and the monogenean are gill parasites found on the shark; CarcharhinusMelanopterus . The primary purpose of this study was to determine the parasitic infections of sharks in red sea in Jeddah. For this purpose, 19 female C. Melanopterus and 14 male C. Melanopterus were first examined for ectoparasites using wet mount under a light microscope. All male sharks had Monogenea and/or copepod in their gill and only 3 females haven’t infections. Then, we aimed to find a combination of copepod and monogenea infection in C. Melanopterus gills. 50% of male and 42% of female were infected by copepod and monogenea. Our findings revealed that the protozoan infections are very common among sharks. Although, no gross pathology was observed among infected shark, but it is likely that in case of any changes in the environment, then parasitic infections could be harmful.