The occurrence of Microsporon gypseum (Bodin, Guiart & Grigorakis) in soil nematodes
The author gives a brief survey on the prevailing statements of today's soil biology on the occurrence of nematodes in soils, further on their conditions of living and on those of the rapacious fungi as well. On the basis of his own investigations carried out mainly in garden soils of the Hungarian Plain being dressed and undressed with manure, he comes to the conclusion that the occurrence ofM. gypseum cultured by means of the To-Ka-Va method, and on the presence of the nematodes in the soil admit the assumption that the frequent infection of persons engaged in gardening which is generally caused byM. gypseum, is likely to be in correlation with the abundance of nematodes in these soils.
Some Hyphomycetes that Prey on Free-Living Terricolous Nematodes
In several preliminary summaries (12, 13, 14) published a few years ago, were set forth synoptical ly the morphological features of 16 fungi observed to subsist by the capture of free-living nematodes infesting old agar plate cultures started from various decaying plant materials. Little attention was then given to the relationships of the different fungi to species previously described, only one among them, the widely familiar and well characterized Arthrobotrys oligosfora Fres., whose predacious behavior had been impressively recorded by Zopf (72) nearly a half century earlier, being mentioned by name. In a subsequent paper (15), consideration of special organs developed by nematode-capturing ftmgi entailed identification of two other of the 16 forms; one being recognized as Dactylaria Candida (Nees) Sacc, the other as Dactylella ellipsospora Grove. The remaining 13 fungi, with the exception of two species belonging in the Phycomycetes, could be referred to (16, 18, 20) only rather cumbersomely as members of an interrelated series of Hyphomycetes distributed in large part among the genera Trichotkecitim, Arthrobotrys, Dactylella (including Monacrosporium), Dactylaria and Pcdilospora. Although some of the mucedinous forms known to capture nematodes are dealt with under established binomials, usage regarding these binomials has not always been consistent. The
Full-scale measurements of SO2 gas phase concentrations and slurry compositions in a wet flue gas desulphurisation spray absorber
Abstract Two measurement campaigns were carried out at ENERGI E2's Asnaes Power plant, unit 5. The unit has a capacity of 620 MW e and is equipped with a wet flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) plant employing a counter-current spray absorber with five spray levels. In the first campaign, the power plant was firing Orimulsion ® with 2.85 wt% S resulting in a flue gas concentration of SO 2 exceeding 2000 ppmv. In the second campaign, the fuel applied was a low-S blended coal and the SO 2 concentration in the raw gas was around 400 ppmv. A novel probe for in situ sampling of gas phase concentrations in wet FGD spray absorbers was developed and applied for measuring axial profiles of the SO 2 gas phase concentrations in the absorber. The expected decrease in SO 2 concentrations along the height of the absorber was found in the spray section (from height 26.5 to 36.2 m) whereas the SO 2 concentration above the holding tank and below the gas inlet was quite low probably due to long local residence times in the region. Horizontal variations, due to somewhat different flow conditions near the column wall were investigated and the SO 2 concentrations were found to be higher near the wall. Measurements at different gross loads showed that the SO 2 gas phase concentration at a given position inside the absorber was roughly linearly related to the L/G ratio in the measuring interval. Turning off one of the lower spray levels, while burning coal with low S content, did not lower the overall removal efficiency of the absorber. However, the SO 2 gas phase concentration inside the lower part of the absorber was increased by a factor of 2–3. Measurements of slurry pH at different positions showed a decrease of approximately 0.5 units from the upper to the lower part of the absorber. The full-scale measurements provide a detailed set of experimental data for validation of mathematical models of a wet FGD spray absorber.