Electron Air Hypersonic Propulsion
Aviation, in general, and aerospace in particular needs new propulsion systems which allow the craft to reach high speeds by cheaper and more efficient methods. Author offers a new propulsion system using electrons for acceleration of the craft and having a high efficiency. As this system does not heat the air, it does not have the heating limitations of conventional air ramjet hypersonic engines. Offered engine can produce a thrust from a zero flight speed up to the desired space apparatus speed. It can work in any planet atmosphere (gas, liquid) and at very high altitude. The system can use apparatus surface for thrust and braking. For energy the system uses high voltage electricity which is not a problem if you have an appropriate electrostatic generator connected with any suitable engine.
Non-rocket space launch and flight
At present, rockets are used for launches and flights into space. They have been intensively developed since World War II when the German engineer F. Von Braun designed the first long distance rocket FAU-2. In the subsequent 60 years liquid and solid rockets reached the peak of their development. Their main shortcomings are (1) very high cost of space launching $20,000 – 50,000/kg; (2) large fuel consumption; (3) fuel storage problems because the oxidizer and fuel (for example; oxygen and hydrogen) require cryogenic temperatures, or they are poisonous substances (for example; nitric acid, N2O3). In the past years the author and other scientists have published a series of new methods which promise to revolutionize space launching and flight. These include the cable accelerator, circle launcher and space keeper, space elevator transport system, space towers, kinetic towers, the gas-tube method, sling rotary method, asteroid employment, electromagnetic accelerator, tether system, Sun and magnetic sails, solar wind sail, radioisotope sail, electrostatic space sail, laser beam, kinetic anti-gravitator (repulsitor), Earth– Moon or Earth–Mars non-rocket transport system, multi-reflective beam propulsion system, electrostatic levitation, etc. There are new ideas in aviation which can be useful for flights in planet atmosphere. Some of these have the potential to decrease launch costs thousands of times, other allow the speed and direction of space apparatus to be changed without the spending of fuel. The author summarizes some revolutionary methods for scientists, engineers, students, and the public. He seeks attention from the public, engineers, inventors, scientists for these innovations and he hopes the media, government and the large aerospace companies will increase research and development activity in these areas. Non-Rocket Space Launch and Flight, Version 3 All Chapters 5 -
High-Efficiency Transfer of Mechanical Energy
Currently, turbo, thermo, hydro, and wind power stations produce mechanical energy. This energy is converted into low-voltage electricity by electric generators; then the low-voltage electricity is converted into high-voltage electricity, transferred over middle or long distances, converted back into low-voltage electricity, and distributed among customers. Many customers' devices convert the electricity back into mechanical energy (for example, machines, pumps, locomotives, electric motors, etc.). All the lines are very expensive (tens and hundreds of millions of dollars) because they require a lot of expensive, clean, electric copper (wire), a lot of masts, ground to be found for to put them in, and a long construction time. This chapter proposes a new method of power transfer (mechanical cable transmission) for long distances in the air. This method does not require electricity transmission lines, high-voltage equipment, large cost, or very much time for construction. It has high efficiency and is cheaper by hundreds of times. In space and on planets without atmosphere, this method may be used in very long distances.