A Loss Analysis for a 28% Efficient 520X Concentrator Module
A module efficiency loss analysis has been conducted by comparing the efficiency of the module on-sun (28.2% peak) to the efficiency of the bare cell measured in the laboratory (35.5% peak). This analysis suggests that there are two main loss mechanisms in the module: elevated operating temperature and an optical efficiency less than unity. This analysis also suggests that the effects of spectral and intensity non-uniformity have been well controlled
The effect of temperature on the efficiency of concentrator PV modules with MJ SC
Presented is a method for calculating the power-productivity of photovoltaic (PV) installations with sunlight concentrators and multijunction (MJ) solar cells (SC) allowing for variation of their power efficiency in dependence on real operation conditions - spectral composition and sunlight flux density and also on temperature of multijunction cells. The yearly totals of specific electric power generated by a module at constant and variable efficiency values have been calculated. It has been shown that allowing for the joint effect of the sunlight characteristics and multijunction SC temperature on the photovoltaic module efficiency must be realized in simulating the module operation in any power generating systems. These allows excluding the overestimations of the yearly power totals generated by a solar installation in determining the power productivity.
Creativity profile of university and conservatory dance students.
What are dance students' creative potential, Special personality characteristics and preferences for high energy activities? Using standardized and original paper and pencil instruments, comparisons were made among dance students in university and conservatory settings, college students and art students. The results demonstrated that dance students are creative, show strong preference for dynamic figures, and have distinct personality characteristics. The university dance students differed from the conservatory students in several important ways.