A Management approach for interdisciplinary Research networks in a knowledge-based Society - Case study of the cluster of Excellence ""Integrative Production technology for high-wage countries
Due to globalisation, innovations in low-wage countries take place in increasingly faster cycles for several years. By this means, the pressure on high-wage countries rises in order to keep up their knowledge advantage within diverse branches. Because of the fact that new knowledge is established more and more among interfaces of various disciplines, different demands arise with regard to an adequate institutional framework. Thus, the nationwide initiation of so-called Clusters of Excellence in Germany can be classified as a measure which has the target to support innovation activities within knowledge intensive networks. However, highly complex and heterogeneous research networks are in need of an appropriate management approach which supports the cross linking of various disciplines and increases the scientific output, but a corresponding approach is not established yet. Therefore, the so-called Cross Sectional Processes in the Cluster of Excellence `Integrative Production Technology for High-Wage Countries' at RWTH Aachen University, Germany, aim at creating management approaches to fit the needs of huge, heterogeneous, highly complex and dynamic research clusters. Moreover, the aim of the investigations is to design, implement and evaluate a management approach transferable to similar clusters and networks in future in order to foster interdisciplinary innovation activities in networks.
Knowledge engineering in interdisciplinary research clusters
This paper proposes an innovative knowledge engineering approach for interdisciplinary research clusters. In science, different competences, knowledge, scientific experience and cultures converge. To cope with this challenge it is necessary to combine several dimensions of human, organization and technology within a holistic knowledge engineering approach. Cooperation structures have to be adapted accordingly. The authors present prototypes of an application oriented research to promote interdisciplinary knowledge production.
Comparison between Two Chemicals for Reducing Scale Formation in Reverse Osmosis Systems
In this present research was transacted with the calcium carbonate scale inhibition on the membrane surface of the reverse osmosis desalination system. Influence of changing feed solution flow rate (10-25)l/h, pH of the feed solution (6-10) on the recovery ,penetrate flow rate and total dissolved solid in (RO) system by using solution of calcium carbonate as feed solution was investigated, furthermore the effect of adding two types of scale inhibitor ,zinc chloride and polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate with difference concentration (2-8)mg/l for zinc chloride and (8-15) mg/l for polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate was calculated. The results showed that the permeate rate increases as the feed flow rate augmentation ,while it reducing with time, the total dissolved solids decreases as the feed flow rate increases while it increases with time and recovery rate decreases as the feed flow rate increases and it also decreases with time. It was concluded that the permeate rate decreases as the feed solution pH value increases and it cause high scale forming thus decrease the permeate TDS.By adding the scale inhibitor, it was found that the permeate rate and recovery rates increases as the concentration of inhibitor increases while the total dissolved solids decreases in the permeate with increasing the concentration of both inhibitors .It was discovered that Polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate more sturdy than zinc chloride as scale inhibitor for reverse osmosis desalination system in all concentrations was studied in this article.