Response to carbon monoxide by geographic variants in Acacia farnesiana.
A B S T R A C T Differences in degree of defoliation in CO-air mixtures were shown by geographic variants in Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd., a widespread, weedy, pantropic, leguminous tree. Laboratorygerminated seedlings from MazatlAn (MAME-1), Sinaloa, Mexico, showed greater sensitivity to a CO gradient than plants from Point Tuna (PORO), Puerto Rico. Seedlings of both strains grown under a light intensity of 200 ft-c showed greater sensitivity to CO than those grown under 1,800 ft-c. When intact plants of 17 geographic variants grown at low-light intensities were exposed to 2%Fo CO in air, 11 strains (Mexico,8; Texas, 1; California, 1; Guatemala, 1) showed almost complete defoliation. The other six strains-from Brazil, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, 1Ttaly, Algeria, and Michoac4n, Mexico-showed defoliation averaging from 23 to 70%. The significance of the CO-defoliation response is difficult to explain in terms of the natural distribution of A. farnesiana. It is suggested that this response may be correlated with some biochemical process of adaptive significance. GEOGRAPHIC variants in Acacia farnesiana (L.) Willd. being studied at the Plant Ecology Research Laboratory differ in several parameters, but the most bizarre difference is one shown by exposure to low concentrations of carbon monoxide. While certain strains show nearly total leaf loss after 24-hr exposure to CO, other strains show little or no defoliation. First observed as a result of accidental exposure to CO, the geo
Stem Orientation in Two Populations of Acacia farnesiana from Mexico Under Controlled Environmental Conditions
The orientation of stem growth in upright plants from an inland population at Saltillo, Coahuila, and in prostrate plants from a beach population at Mazatlan, Sinaloa, was examined under several conditions of photoperiod, temperature, and light intensity. Prostrateness is enhanced by lower temperatures, shorter photoperiods, and higher light intensities in both populations but is induced to a greater degree and over a wider range of conditions in the naturally prostrate form. Under longer day lengths, 16 hr, and higher temperatures, 32-24 C, the prostrate form develops almost upright and is not significantly more prostrate than the naturally upright form. Regenerated stems produced under high light intensities were significantly more prostrate in the beach population than were stems of the inland population, but under low light intensities both populations produced upright stems. The results suggest that niche plasticity of the prostrate population offers selective advantage in a subtropical beach ecosystem.
Comparison between Two Chemicals for Reducing Scale Formation in Reverse Osmosis Systems
In this present research was transacted with the calcium carbonate scale inhibition on the membrane surface of the reverse osmosis desalination system. Influence of changing feed solution flow rate (10-25)l/h, pH of the feed solution (6-10) on the recovery ,penetrate flow rate and total dissolved solid in (RO) system by using solution of calcium carbonate as feed solution was investigated, furthermore the effect of adding two types of scale inhibitor ,zinc chloride and polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate with difference concentration (2-8)mg/l for zinc chloride and (8-15) mg/l for polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate was calculated. The results showed that the permeate rate increases as the feed flow rate augmentation ,while it reducing with time, the total dissolved solids decreases as the feed flow rate increases while it increases with time and recovery rate decreases as the feed flow rate increases and it also decreases with time. It was concluded that the permeate rate decreases as the feed solution pH value increases and it cause high scale forming thus decrease the permeate TDS.By adding the scale inhibitor, it was found that the permeate rate and recovery rates increases as the concentration of inhibitor increases while the total dissolved solids decreases in the permeate with increasing the concentration of both inhibitors .It was discovered that Polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate more sturdy than zinc chloride as scale inhibitor for reverse osmosis desalination system in all concentrations was studied in this article.