R&D project selection: Productivity considerations
The paper consists of a theoretical discussion of the circumstances justifying the use of RD re-equip with purchased existing best-practice technology; or use R&D to develop new technology. 
 
 
 
The choice depends on which of the four following situations exist: 1) When the productivity of existing capacity is well below its potential and is also well below that of the industry's best-practice; in this case the right strategy is first to bring actual productivity up to potential, and then to consider the purchase of best-practice. 2) When productivity is well up to potential but is well below best practice; the advice is then to purchase best-practice. 3) When existing capacity is already best-practice but productivity is well below capacity; in this case productivity of existing plant should be increased. 4) When existing capacity is bestpractice and productivity is near the maximum; then and only then is R&D to develop new technology justified. 
 
 
 
The paper concludes with a brief account of the process to be undergone between the establishment of a case for R&D using the above criteria and, if R&D is undertaken and completed, the retrospective review of its outcome.
Team leader autonomy in manufacturing companies' new product development
This thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Business Administration and awarded by Brunel University.
Cultivated Power: Flowers, Culture, and Politics in the Reign of Louis XIV
Ch. 1. Disorderly flowers Floral seduction: death, sex, and flowers Trading on the power of flowers Ch. 2. Refashioning the culture of flowers in early modern France Curiosity and flowers The sweet society of the curious florists Ch. 3. Cultivating the flower The florists' flowers Unlocking the door to the temple of flora Ch. 4. Cultivating the man The theater of the goddess of flowers Nature into art "Jardin d'Hyver," or flowers in print Ch. 5. Cultivating the king Royal precedents Flowers in the garden of Louis XIV Floral mercantilism Flowers and the "Histoire du Roi" Appendices A. Extract of the inventory by ... Sieur Cottereau of flowering plants and bulbs that he offers to furnish for the gardens of the royal households B. Plants included in Jean Donneau de Vise's Histoire de Louis le Grand