A COMPETITIVIDADE E O GRAU DE CONCENTRAÇÃO DAS EXPORTAÇÕES DO COMPLEXO SOJA DO BRASIL, DA ARGENTINA E DOS ESTADOS UNIDOS DA AMÉRICA NO PERÍODO 1995/2010
This paper analyzes the export competitiveness of soybean in Brazil, Argentina and the United States and the degree of concentration in the main export markets of these countries in the period 1995/2010, using both the index of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Concentration ratio (CR). The results reveal, based on the CR3 , that Argentina and Brazil show an increase in the concentration ratio of even crushed soybeans and crude soybean oil, while the US in even crushed soybeans and fractionated soybean oil even. The RCA index shows advantages for all products/countries in both years, except the soy flour to Brazil and Argentina that had values below one. For the US the indexes were lower when compared to the other countries, although it remained as the main exporter of soy flour, fractionated soybean oil even and even crushed soybeans.
Vantagens Comparativas Reveladas E Orientação Regional Das Exportações Do Complexo Soja Brasileiro
O objetivo deste trabalho e analisar se o pais apresenta Vantagens Comparativas Reveladas para as exportacoes de grao, farelo e oleo de soja e identificar a orientacao regional das exportacoes de cada uma dessas commodities para os principais mercados consumidores. Para tanto, utilizou-se os Indices de Vantagens Comparativas Reveladas (IVCR) e de Orientacao Regional (IOR). Os dados para o calculo desses indices foram coletados junto ao Sistema de Analise das Informacoes de Comercio Exterior (ALICE), da Secretaria de Comercio Exterior (SECEX), que possui os dados de exportacoes brasileiras Free on Board (FOB) em dolares, a Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) e a Organizacao Mundial do Comercio (OMC). Os resultados indicaram que o pais apresenta Vantagens Comparativas Reveladas para ambas as commodities e, no que tange a orientacao regional, constatou-se que as exportacoes de grao estao fortemente orientadas para a Uniao Europeia e China, as do farelo para a Uniao Europeia e Tailândia e as do oleo de soja para China, Ira e India.------------------------------------------------------------The aim of this work is to analyze if the country demonstrates Revealed Comparative Advantages to the exportation of soybean grain, bran and oil and, to identify the Regional Orientation of each of these commodities exportation to the main consuming markets. To do so, we used the Revealed Comparative Advantage Index (RCAI) and the Regional Orientation Index (ROI). The data to the calculation of these indexes were collected from the Foreign Commerce Information Analysis System (ALICE), Secretary of Foreign Commerce (SECEX) which has the data of the Brazilian exportations Free on Board (FOB) in amount of dollars, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and, the World Trade Organization (WTO). The results indicate that Brazil demonstrates Revealed Comparative Advantages to both commodities and, in what refers to the regional orientation we could perceive that the grain exportations are highly oriented to the European Union and to China, the soybean bran to the European Union and Thailand and the soybean oil exportation to China, Iran and India.
Studies on the composition, quality and processing of triticale. Part II. Mineral composition of grain and flour.
Mineral composition of grain and flour in 14 promising triticale strains from India are reported. The mean values for whole grain, i.e. Ca (0.47 mg/g), P (2.70 mg/g), K 4.60 mg/g, Na (352 micrograms/g), Zn (41.6 micrograms/g), Cu (7.0 micrograms/g), Fe (73.4 micrograms/g) and Mn (33.6 micrograms/g) were obtained as compared to those of flour, i.e. Ca (0.27 mg/g), P (0.97 mg/g), K (1.64 mg/g), Na (231 micrograms/g), Zn (26 micrograms/g), Cu (4.0 micrograms/g) and Mn (10.5 micrograms/g), respectively. These values were found to be considerably higher than those of wheat. Highly significant positive correlations of ash with sodium and zinc in whole grain were observed. In the case of triticale flour, highly significant positive correlations of ash with manganese, phosphorus and potassium were obtained.