Comparing interfertility data with random amplified microsatellites DNA (RAMS) studies in Ganoderma Karst. Taxonomy
The taxonomy of the causal pathogen of basal stem rot of oil palms, Ganoderma is somewhat problematic at present. In order to determine the genetic distance relationship between G. boninense isolates and non-boninense isolates, a random amplified microsatellites DNA (RAMS) technique was carried out. The result was then compared with interfertility data of G. boninense that had been determined in previous mating studies to confirm the species of G. boninense. Dendrogram from cluster analysis based on UPGMA of RAMS data showed that two major clusters, I and II which separated at a genetic distance of 0.7935 were generated. Cluster I consisted of all the biological species G. boninense isolates namely CNLB, GSDK 3, PER 71, WD 814, GBL 3, GBL 6, OC, GH 02, 170 SL and 348781 while all non-boninense isolates namely G. ASAM, WRR, TFRI 129, G. RES, GJ, and CNLM were grouped together in cluster II. Although the RAMS markers showed polymorphisms in all the isolates tested, the results obtained were in agreement with the interfertility data. Therefore, the RAMS data could support the interfertility data for the identification of Ganoderma isolates.
Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Random Amplified Microsatellite (RAMS) of Ganoderma from Infected Oil Palm and Coconut Stumps in Malaysia
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and random amplified microsatellite (RAMS) analyses were used to determine the genetic relatedness within and between Ganoderma boninense isolates from infected oil palm and Ganoderma sp. from coconut stumps from different locations in Malaysia. RAPD analysis using four random primers (5'ACCTGGACAC3', 5'CAGCGACAAG3', 5'AGAGGGCACA3' and 5'TGACGGCGGT3') showed variations of banding patterns within and between the isolates from oil palm and coconut stumps, indicating that they were genetically heterogeneous. There was no specific banding pattern that could differentiate between G. boninense isolates from infected oil palm and Ganoderma sp. from coconut stumps. RAMS analysis using four microsatellite primers, 5'BDB(ACA) 5 , 5'DD(CCA) 5, 5'DHB(CGA) 5 and 5'YHY(GT) 5 G, also showed variable banding patterns among the isolates from infected oil palm and coconut stumps. However, five common bands i.e. two bands (900 bp and 1200 bp) produced by primer (CGA) 5 , one band (1400 bp) by primer (ACA) 5 and two bands (350 bp and 380 bp) by primer (CCA) 5 were shown by all the G. boninense isolates from infected oil palm and Ganoderma sp. from coconut stumps. Dendrograms from cluster analysis based on UPGMA of RAPD and RAMS data showed that G. boninense isolates from infected oil palm and Ganoderma sp. from coconut stumps did not cluster separately into two distinct clusters, but were clustered together, which indicated that both groups of Ganoderma are closely related. The finding that the Ganoderma isolates from coconut stumps are closely related to G. boninense isolates from infected oil palm would have an important bearing in the formulation of disease control measures and replanting procedures, especially in areas where the previous crop was coconut.
Cultivated Power: Flowers, Culture, and Politics in the Reign of Louis XIV
Ch. 1. Disorderly flowers Floral seduction: death, sex, and flowers Trading on the power of flowers Ch. 2. Refashioning the culture of flowers in early modern France Curiosity and flowers The sweet society of the curious florists Ch. 3. Cultivating the flower The florists' flowers Unlocking the door to the temple of flora Ch. 4. Cultivating the man The theater of the goddess of flowers Nature into art "Jardin d'Hyver," or flowers in print Ch. 5. Cultivating the king Royal precedents Flowers in the garden of Louis XIV Floral mercantilism Flowers and the "Histoire du Roi" Appendices A. Extract of the inventory by ... Sieur Cottereau of flowering plants and bulbs that he offers to furnish for the gardens of the royal households B. Plants included in Jean Donneau de Vise's Histoire de Louis le Grand