New Perspectives on Race and Slavery in America: Essays in Honor of Kenneth M. Stampp
Slavery in Virginia, 1619-1660 / Robert McColley -- Denmark Vesey's peculiar reality / William W. Freehling -- The Republican Party and the slave power / William E. Gienapp -- Race and politics in the northern democracy, 1854-1860 / Stephen E. Maizlish -- The creation of Confederate loyalties / Reid Mitchell -- Blues falling down like hail / Leon F. Litwack -- Grant and the freedman / Arthur Zilversmit -- The present becomes the past / James Oakes -- Firm flexibility / John G. Sproat -- The soul is fled / Joel Williamson.
Slave Codes and Judicial Practice in New Orleans, 1718–1807
Slave law in early Louisiana is of great interest because it was shaped by three major European legal traditions under the rule of France (1699 to 1769), Spain (1769 to 1803), and the United States (after 1803). In this article, the types and origins of slave laws in early Louisiana and their application in the slave society of New Orleans is examined. Several different imperial, local, and mixed codes were ordained in the colony to govern relations between masters and slaves, and these laws reveal either the political strategies of imperial policymakers or the social tactics of slaveowners, but very little about actual slave treatment. The administration of justice in New Orleans was mostly determined by the planters: local needs and ideals prevailed when they conflicted with those represented by the crown's laws, and the courts rarely interfered with the authority of indivdual slaveowners over their chattels.
Urban Identities and Catastrophe: Izmir and Salonica at the End of the Ottoman Empire*
Two huge fires dramatically influenced the urban development of Salonica and Izmir, in 1917 and in 1922, respectively. These catastrophes occurred after the Ottoman Empire fell, and Salonica and Izmir had shifted into new national contexts. The fires mainly destroyed the districts that were transformed during the late‐Ottoman period. These districts became the cosmopolitan façades of modern Izmir and Salonica. The post‐fires' tabula rasa provided an opportunity for Greek and Turkish politicians and European planners to change the urban identity of both cities. Moreover, the Lausanne Treaty of 1923 transformed their multicultural societies also. Reconstruction plans had been thought to de‐Ottomanize and remove the previous idea of the towns and their multiplicity, interpreting new cultural and nationalist feeling. Here, I emphasize how modernity was interpreted before and after the fires, and point out contradictions between ideological aspects of planning and how the first urban districts were built during the 1920s.