The State of the Art: Art Education in the Elementary School
Abstract “The future of art education looks bright,” concludes the author of this latest report in our state-of-the-art series on curriculum developments in the elementary school. She provides a fascinating historical perspective as she traces art education from its beginnings to the present time.
Creative and mental growth
1. The Importance of Art for Education. 2. Understanding Growth and Development. 3. The Development of Creativity. 4. The Development of Aesthetic Awareness. 5. Art in the Elementary School. 6. The Beginnings of Self-Expression: The Scribbling Stage, Two-Four Years. 7. First Representational Attempts: The Preschematic Stage, Four-Seven Years. 8. The Achievement of a Form Concept: The Schematic Stage, Seven-Nine Years. 9. The Dawning Realism: The Gang Age, Nine-Twelve Years. 10. Art in the Secondary School. 11. The Age of Reasoning: The Pseudo-Naturalistic Stage, Twelve- Fourteen Years. 12. The Period of Decision: Adolescent Art in the High School, Fourteen-Seventeen Years. Summary. Bibliography. Index.
Using Skills from Art in Surgical Practice and Research-Surgery and Art
Many aspects of surgery and the arts are inexorably linked together, and the use of artistic techniques or ideas to improve surgical practice is present throughout the history of medicine. In all forms of surgery, throughout the ages, artists have been used to illustrate new ideas, new techniques and to document surgical practice. Some of the most successful art originated from surgeons who were also artists; perhaps due to their innate understanding of what they were portraying. Studying art and developing creative skills can enhance modern surgical practice in many different ways.