Trends in the Development of Machinery and Associated Technology ” TMT 2010 , Mediterranean Cruise , 11-18 September 2010 EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF FORMING LIMIT DIAGRAM
Forming limit diagrams (FLDs) are a convenient and often used tool for the classification of the formability and for the evaluation of the forming process of sheet materials. Forming limits of sheet metal are represented in the forming limit diagram (FLD) occurring by various deformation states. The paper introduces a experiment method for determination of forming limit curve for whole range of the FLD for sheet metal.
Determination of forming limit diagrams – a new analysis method for characterization of materials' formability
Abstract This paper introduces a new analysis method for characterization of materials' formability independent of individual expertise. Therefore forming limit diagrams (FLDs) are determined using the Nakazima method. Investigations on the influence of the analysis method and the failure criterion in detail will be presented. The new analysis method avoids misinterpretation of the forming limits of any material and the FLD. The forming behavior of materials has to be recorded with a frequency up to 20 Hz, in order to detect the forming limits within a sequence of pictures from onset of necking to failure by cracking.
Migration, Labor Mobility, and Relocation Assistance: The Case of the American Indian
This article, an example of "indirect" program evaluation, utilizes a 1/100 public use sample of American households from the 1970 U.S. census to examine family welfare levels among three categories of Indian families: (1) nonmigrant families living in traditional areas of Indian population concentration; (2) families in areas not receiving relocation assistance through the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA); and (3) migrant families moving to urban areas with BIA relocation assistance. The article concludes that the population of migrants receiving relocation assistance has a substantially higher level of economic welfare in both absolute and relative terms and that earnings are the principal source of increased welfare. It is suggested that such assistance might be utilized on a wider basis to assist other migrating populations.