Using Iraqi materials to produce lining refractories with international standards
In this study dense high alumina refractories were manufactured according to DIN51053 standards and characterizations (physical, mechanical, and thermal) of fired specimens were investigated. The mixtures of specimens were prepared from different weight percentages of (kaolinite, bauxite with additives of alumina to all mixture ratio). The aims of this study was to benefit of local raw materials to produced high alumina refractory characterized by low porosity, in addition to manufacture thermal insulation to use as lining in different industrial furnaces, and enhance the thermal insulation, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of high alumina refractory by adding alumina. From the results it have been obtained high alumina refractory with high compressive strength, high thermal stability, and thermal insulation also have characterized by low porosities and high bulk density.
Study the Physical Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Light Weight Refractories Bricks Produced by Adding porcelanite to Kaolinite
This research was carried out to manufacture porous refractories bricks from lo- cally raw materials (Porcelanite to Dwaikhla Kaolinite clays). The raw materials were tested by Chemical analysis and XRD to find their suitability to produce light weight ceramic refractories. Different percentages of kaolinite were added as binder to Por- celanite (raw materials). The specimens were pressed to dimensions (30×30) mm ac- cording to DIN51053 standards using semi-dry method at pressure of (24.5) MPa. After shaped process all specimens left to dry in air for (24hr) then dried at 110°C using electric oven and the specimens were fired at (1200, 1300 and 1400) °C. The fired specimens were tested to determine their physical and thermal properties includ- ing bulk density, porosity, water absorption ,specific gravity and thermal conductivi- ty. It also, was observed that the results were within international standards, and local porcelanite and kaolinite could be used as source raw materials for manufacture light weight refractories.
Comparison between Two Chemicals for Reducing Scale Formation in Reverse Osmosis Systems
In this present research was transacted with the calcium carbonate scale inhibition on the membrane surface of the reverse osmosis desalination system. Influence of changing feed solution flow rate (10-25)l/h, pH of the feed solution (6-10) on the recovery ,penetrate flow rate and total dissolved solid in (RO) system by using solution of calcium carbonate as feed solution was investigated, furthermore the effect of adding two types of scale inhibitor ,zinc chloride and polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate with difference concentration (2-8)mg/l for zinc chloride and (8-15) mg/l for polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate was calculated. The results showed that the permeate rate increases as the feed flow rate augmentation ,while it reducing with time, the total dissolved solids decreases as the feed flow rate increases while it increases with time and recovery rate decreases as the feed flow rate increases and it also decreases with time. It was concluded that the permeate rate decreases as the feed solution pH value increases and it cause high scale forming thus decrease the permeate TDS.By adding the scale inhibitor, it was found that the permeate rate and recovery rates increases as the concentration of inhibitor increases while the total dissolved solids decreases in the permeate with increasing the concentration of both inhibitors .It was discovered that Polyamino polyether methylene phosphonate more sturdy than zinc chloride as scale inhibitor for reverse osmosis desalination system in all concentrations was studied in this article.