ESTRUCTURA DE PRESTACIÓN DE LOS SERVICIOS PÚBLICOS DOMICILIARIOS (SPD) DE ENERGÍA ELÉCTRICA EN BOGOTÁ Y LA COSTA ATLÁNTICA
The structure of the article is directed to evaluate the provision of the services public home of energy by the municipal public enterprises EPM of Bogota and the Atlantic coast from the address and the presence of Chilean and Spanish, capital through (Emgesa and Endesa) companies within the Countess and (Electricaribe and Electro costa) within the framework of Union Fenosa located respectively in the mentioned regions. Unlike the rest of the EPMs providers of public utilities in the country, having dabbled in companies of State regime which combines with the privately run public holding, in a present, in which is questioned the viability and sustainability of a business such as this, which requires large investments they share. The systemic analysis responds to the economic and legal elements to consider the matter, while the organizational composition of them is unknown.
Diez años de regulación de los servicios públicos domiciliarios en Colombia: lo bueno, lo malo y lo feo de un modelo mestizo
The regime utility services in Colombia was established by Law 142, 1994. This law led to the configuration of a mixed model of rendering public utility services in the country. After more than ten years of this law, this article inquires into sustainibility and durability of the current model. In order to fullfill this objective, the analysis is carried out from four perspectives: property, financing, competence, and regulation. Such sustanibility, is concluded, will depend on several variables like political will of the state, the performance of state enterprises, and the incentives so that the private sector maintains and expands its investments.
Reform Fatigue: Symptoms, Reasons, Implications
Following a period of ambitious promarket reforms, Latin American policymakers and the public at large have entered a period of “reform fatigue.” Initial enthusiasm for policies such as liberalized markets and a level field for investors has given way more recently to the view that ambitious promarket reforms are to blame for the region’s economic crises. The process of reform has stalled in some countries, and a few have suffered serious setbacks. ; To help explore the future of reform, this article aims to document and explain the symptoms of fatigue among the public, policymakers, and opinion leaders. The authors explore the economic, social, political, and psychological reasons for the fatigue. They review numerous studies that have identified various explanatory factors, including reforms’ modest economic outcomes, the failure of reforms to improve social conditions, a leftward shift of public opinion and political coalitions, and perception biases among citizens. ; The authors find that economic reasons are the primary explanation for the increasing rejection of reforms. Disillusionment with reforms, despite reforms’ overall benefits, seems to stem from people’s inability to isolate short-term macroeconomic situations from reforms’ permanent effects. ; While political reasons cannot account for reform fatigue, the authors believe that politics will play a decisive role in the future of reform. They conclude that, especially in countries where promarket reforms are well advanced, eventual economic recoveries will result in further institutional and social policy reforms.