Optimization model of number of scheduled freight train formation cars
The determination of the number of formation cars is an important part of making a scheduled freight train plan, and it also has a large influence on the benefits of railway freight transportation. First, the influences that affect the number of formation cars are analyzed. Secondly, taking the maximum freight transport benefits as an objective, and comprehensively considering the primary factors that include service frequency of freight trains, section traction weight, effective length of arrival-departure tracks, and so on, this paper establishes the optimization model of the number of scheduled freight train formation cars. Finally, the solving method for the model is presented, and a case is given to show the solution process. It provides a reference for decision-makers of railway freight transportation.
Study on the Accumulation Mode of Freight Wagon in Marshalling Station
There are two different accumulation modes of freight wagon in 
marshalling station that are widely applied in the world, namely accumulation 
at fixed place and accumulation with fixed composition. By setting up a computer 
simulation model for the accumulation of freight wagon in marshalling station, 
this paper launches a thorough, deep and detailed study on the accumulation 
rule of freight wagon as well as the technical feasibility of accumulation at fixed 
place mode. The study shows that the accumulation at fixed place mode in 
marshalling station can provide a strong support for implementing freight 
transport timetable mechanism and for establishing a rapid freight forwarding 
system.
The bradykinin B1 receptor and the central regulation of blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats
We evaluated if the brain bradykinin (BK) B1 receptor is involved in the regulation of blood pressure (BP) in conscious rats. Basal mean BP and HR were 115±2 and 165±3 mmHg and 345±10 and 410±14 beats min−1 in Wistar Kyoto (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), respectively. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of 1 nmol B1 receptor agonist Lys‐desArg9‐BK significantly increased the BP of WKY and SHR by 7±1 and 19±2 mmHg, respectively. One nmol Sar[D‐Phe8]‐desArg9‐BK, a kininase‐resistant B1 agonist, increased the BP of WKY and SHR by 19±2 and 17±2 mmHg, respectively and reduced HR in both strains. I.c.v. injection of 0.01 nmol B1 antagonists, LysLeu8‐desArg9‐BK or AcLys[D‐βNal7,Ile8]‐desArg9‐BK (R715), significantly decreased mean BP in SHR (by 9±2 mmHg the former and 14±3 mmHg the latter compound), but not in WKY. In SHR, the BP response to R715 was associated to tachycardia. I.c.v. Captopril, a kininase inhibitor, increased the BP of SHR, this response being partially prevented by i.c.v. R715 and reversed into a vasodepressor effect by R715 in combination with the B2 antagonist Icatibant. I.c.v. antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) targeted to the B1 receptor mRNA decreased BP in SHR, but not in WKY. HR was not altered in either strain. Distribution of fluorescein‐conjugated ODNs was detected in brain areas surrounding cerebral ventricles. Our results indicate that the brain B1 receptor participates in the regulation of BP. Activation of the B1 receptor by kinin metabolites could participate in the pathogenesis of hypertension in SHR.