FTIR examination of preservative retention in beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.)
A method of FTIR examination of preservative retention in beech wood structure was developed. Beech wood samples of different preservative content were prepared using low pressure preservation process in laboratory conditions. Then samples were homogenized in a laboratory mill and measurements were performed using FTIR spectrometer with attenuated total reflectance unit. Pure preservative was also measured and from its spectrum 1,555 cm−1 absorption band was chosen as the characteristic for preservative. 1,027 and 1,370 cm−1 were absorption bands characteristic for wood which were chosen as reference peaks. Values of two absorbance ratios, A1,555/A1,027 and A1,555/A1,370 were correlated with the preservative content in particular samples. Correlation coefficients were 0.8390 and 0.8313, respectively.
Laboratory evaluation of CDDC as a wood preservative for red oak (Quercus rubra) and red maple (Acer rubrum)
Quercus rubra) and red maple (Acer rubrum) cubes were pressure treated with copper ethanolamine followed by sodium dimethyldithiocarbamate (SDDC) with elemental copper retention levels varying from 0.8 kg/m3 to 8 kg/m3. The decay resistance was determined using a laboratory soil block test with pure fungus culture according to modified AWPA standard E10-91. A 4.0 kg/m3 elemental copper retention was sufficient to protect treated samples against Gleoephyllum trabeum, Pleurotus ostreatus, Trametes versicolor, Irpex lacteus, and Chaetomium globosum. But higher elemental copper retention (4.5 to 5 kg/m3) was needed for protection against the copper tolerant brown rot Poria placenta.3 ins Holz eingebracht. Die Abbauresistenz wurde mittels Bodentest mit reinen Pilzkulturen nach dem AWPA-Standard E10-91 durchgeführt. Ein Kupfergehalt von 4,0 kg/m3 bot ausreichenden Schutz gegenüber Gleoephyllum trabeum, Pleurotus ostreatus, Trametes versicolor, Irpex lacteus und Chaetomium globosum. Gegenüber dem Braunfäulepilz Pori placenta war jedoch ein höherer Kupfergehalt erforderlich (4,5 bis 5 kg/m3)
Numerical Simulation of Induction Heating Process of Continuous Casting Slab
Compared with traditional blazing furnace, the Continuous Casting-Direct Rolling is an advanced manufacturing steel technology, which can reduce energy waste, decrease pollution and enhance efficiency. The characteristics of steels during induction heating are complex, the change of material properties with temperature makes exact analysis methods very difficult to implement. Therefore, a powerful computer aided numerical tool (i.e., finite difference analysis) is selected to numerically model the induction heating process in this paper. The mathematic model coupling with electromagnetic field and thermal field was established, and it was solved by finite difference method (FDM), thus the slab temperature distribution and its variation with time were obtained, and the characteristics in whole induction heating process were studied. To validate the program feasible, the results were evaluated and compared with experiment results, which showed that the simulation results are reliable and effective. The skin effect in heating process from the two results was studied and demonstrated, the temperature change caused by different parameters such as the induced power intensity and the corner radian were also presented, which indicate that the slab temperature can be heated uniformly through adjusting these parameters, thus the continuous casting slab can meet the rolling requirement.