Finding Your Island: To Return or Not to Return
Based upon multiple field visits to the same site in northwest Mindanao in the southern Philippines, the issue addressed here is how ethnographic data may differ, pro and con, as the researcher ages and changes over time. Issues of validity, reliability and even potential creativity of insights are touched upon as variables in long-term research to the same locale.
Auto-Ethnography: Paradigms, Problems, and Prospects
of the Indian Health Service Task Force on Alcoholism 11. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1973 Alcoholism: A High-priority Health Problem. Report of the Indian Health Service Task Force on Alcoholism. Section 111. DHEW Publication No. (HSM) 73-12002. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office. 1976a The Forward Plan for FY 1978-1982, Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration, with Appendix (pp. 85-94). Entitled Decision Paper on the Proposal to Transfer American Indian Projects Funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to the Indian Health Service. Washington, D.C.: Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Administration, 2nd printing, rev. ed., October. Mimeographed. 1976b Forward Plan FY 19781982, Indian Health Service, with Appendix B, Joint NIAAA-IHS Letter to Indian Alcoholism Projects, from Emery A. Johnson and Ernest P. Noble, May 10. Washington, D.C.: Public Health Service, Health Services Administration, October. Mimeographed. 1976c An Overview of Seven NIAAA Alcoholism Treatment Programs for Fiscal Year 1976. Program Analysis and Evaluation Branch, NIAAA. Mimeographed. 1977a Summary of Meeting of Consultants from National Indian Organizations with Indian Health Service Personnel, IHS Headquarters, Rockville, MD, June 15-16, 1977; with Appendix, Draft Alcoholism Transfer Plan, June 15, 1977, by Donald A. Swetter, IHS Alcoholism Programs. 1977b Proposed Alcoholism Transfer Plan-NIAAAI I HS. Washington, D.C.: Public Health Service, Health Services Administration, July 21. Mimeographed. 1977c Progress Report. The Indian Health Care Improvement Act-P.L. 94-437, presented at the Annual Meeting of the National Congress of American Indians, Dallas, Texas, September 15. Westermeyer, J. 1976 Clinical Guidelines for the Cross-Cultural Treatment of Chemical Dependency. American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse 3(2):315-22.
Thailand's Muslim Minorities: Assimilation, Secession, or Coexistence?
THAILAND is a predominantly Buddhist country. For most people its very name conjures up images of saffron-robed monks, temple bells, and statues of the Buddha-images that travel brochures or impressions gained during a fleeting visit do little to dispel. Yet a more careful scrutiny of the Thai scene reveals signs of a very different religious tradition existing side-by-side with the Theravada Buddhist establishment. For Thai Islam, its presence indicated equally by the halal foodstall in a crowded Bangkok market or by the silhouette of a minaret against a rural skyline, continues to flourish throughout much of the country. Today an estimated 1,750,000 people, about 4% of the total population, are Muslims, making Islam the second religion of Thailand.' This article briefly outlines the historical background and geographical distribution of Islam in Thailand, drawing particular attention to the ethnic diversity of the various Thai Muslim peoples, before analyzing the nature of contemporary political relationships between the Thai Buddhist establishment and Thailand's Muslim minority. Even though there can be no precise date for the introduction of Islam to Thailand, it is evident that Arab and Persian Muslims en route to