Patterns of Social Alignment : A Case Study of Hakka Association in Singapore
These quotations pinpoint one of the main factors contributing to the successful settlement of Chinese communities in different parts of the world: their capacity to form various types of associations for mutual help. Chinese associations have long been cemmon wherever their formation and continued existence are not restricted.i) From the founding of modern Singapore in 1819, many associations were established and have continued to survive until today, while an unknown number have disappeared. Several general theories have been offered fo explain this proliferation. Freedman [1960] suggested that the increased scale and complexity of
Immigrants and Associations: Chinese in nineteenth-century Singapore
The society built up by Overseas Chinese in Southeast Asia has always been remarkable for its wealth of voluntary associations. In the various historical and sociological studies of Southeast Asian Chinese which have appeared the importance of associations has been duly stressed, although in respect of only two settlements have we been given full treatment of their structure and significance. In this paper I shall consider the associations which Singapore Chinese created and modified in the course of the nineteenth century. Studying this earlier period of Singapore history we can see how the Chinese members of the colonial society adapted their social organization to the conditions of a trading settlement in which, while they often amassed great riches, they were not their own political masters. At the end of the paper I shall consider the Singapore evidence within the wider setting of Southeast Asia and put forward certain general conclusions which may be taken up in other papers on the same theme.
Ethics and the professions.
We may not be able to make you love reading, but ethics and the professions will lead you to love reading starting from now. Book is the window to open the new world. The world that you want is in the better stage and level. World will always guide you to even the prestige stage of the life. You know, this is some of how reading will give you the kindness. In this case, more books you read more knowledge you know, but it can mean also the bore is full.