Ein Vergleich von single- und multi-issue Umweltorganisationen in der Klimapolitik.
The following dissertation examines, from an organizational point of view, processes of differentiation in the field of business management. It investigates whether these processes of differentiation, which indicate a shift away from the Fordian mass production towards a more flexible quality production, can also be observed amongst environmental associations. Besides, it looks into what kind of consequences such processes of differentiation would have on the effectiveness of environmental organizations. Two subfields of environmental politics are used to check the correctness of the assumption: the politics concerning the global warming and the German domestic debate about an ecological tax reform. Especially the international negotiations over the global warming that took place between 1995 and 1997 and the decision-making processes concerning an ecological tax reform since the elections in 1994 are discussed. The results of this investigations confirm the conjecture that, on the part of environmental organizations, a differentiation has occured between specialized organizations (single-issue organizations) and organizations with a more general thematic orientation (multi-issue organizations). Furthermore, the two types seem to be faced with characteristic dilemmas. While single-issue organizations display a degree of expertise that at least equals that of civil servants in the same sphere, multi-issue organizations are typically a lot more well-known. Therefore, single-issue organizations focus on lobbying whereas multi-issue organizations concentrate on public relations.
Das internationale Regime zum Schutz der Ozonschicht: Modell für das Klimaregime
Das internationale Regime zum Schutz der Ozonschicht wird vielfach als Modell fur das derzeit im Entstehen begriffene Regime zum Schutz des Weltklimas angesehen. Bei allen Unterschieden im Detail scheint es ein institutionelles Arrangement darzustellen, das es erlaubt, auch im horizontal strukturierten internationalen System erfolgreich gezielte Umweltpolitik zu betreiben.
Quantitative and qualitative relationship between swirl burner operatingconditions and pulverized coal flame length
Abstract Currently, there are used in power plants two types of burners to combustion the pulverized coal: jet burners and swirl burners. Most of the published works in the field of analysis of burners operating conditions are related to jet burners and are limited to initial region of the flame at the outlet of the burner. For jet burners an offset between the burner outlet and the flame beginning point could be analyzed. In the case of swirl burners with the pre-mixing diffuser chamber an offset between flame ignition point and burner outlet is usually not visible. Because already in the pre-mixing diffuser chamber of swirl burner occurs the ignition of coal-dust together with oxidant-gas cloud and thereby the formation of the flame. Therefore, the analysis of operating conditions for this types of burners requires a different approach. There is a lack of researches, in which will be analyzed changes of the flame length, that are caused by changes of design and operating parameters of swirl burner with the pre-mixing diffuser chamber. Therefore the aim of this study was to implement and verify the methodology for estimating the flame length, which will allow monitoring changes of operating conditions, that are caused by changes of design and operating parameters of swirl burner with the pre-mixing diffuser chamber. To carry out the analysis of the image of the coal flame, the two algorithms have been presented. This two algorithms, being based on the video images of the coal flame allows to specify and detect the end point of the flame and on that basis the length of the flame, as well as the fluctuation changes of flame length can be later determined. Both, the change thermal loads of coal burner, streams of secondary air, as well as the constructional change of the angle of swirler assemblies, resulted in distinct changes in the length of the pulverized coal flame.