Printing robot system for labeling on the moving steel plate
This paper presents a Cartesian robot system for labeling on the moving steel plate. The heavy steel plate moves on the conveyor line with irregular speed and position. For the quality of print result, ink head has not to move along the steel plate precisely but to measure the exact position and angle of the moving plate. These two problems along with system integration are the main issues for the automation of labeling process. In this paper, configuration of the robot system, the function of each component and the methodologies of control are discussed.
Performance test of gas by-pass type thermal error controller
In accordance with the trend for high-speed and multi-axes of machine tools, thermal deformation has become an important factor in the accuracy of machine tools. It was analyzed that thermal deformation error accounts for about 70% of all errors made with machine tools. For precise temperature control, both cooling and heating should be done. A hot gas by-pass type of cooling method has a simplified structure and temperature control accuracy to with in plusmn0.1 degC. In this study, the operational characteristics of the thermal error controller, including temperature controllability according to hot gas flow and preset temperature sustainability according to heat load, were tested. It is expected that this study will contribute to the development and performance assessment of thermal error controllers, which could minimize thermal errors and improve the quality of semiconductor equipment, precision injection molds, and precision machine tools.
Ignition and burning rates of segregated waste combustion in packed beds.
Recent developments in national recycling and re-use programmes for municipal waste have led to segregation of an increasing proportion of waste to enhance material recovery. Several of the segregated streams contain materials that can not viably be re-used or recycled but can be used for energy recovery. In this study, the combustion of cardboard and waste wood was investigated in a small-scale packed bed reactor in order to provide fundamental data for the design/operation of moving bed furnaces. Key parameters of combustion including the ignition and burning rates were evaluated for various air flowrates and compared to the modelling results. Two successive stages of combustion were identified for both samples: the propagation of ignition front into the bed and combustion of the fuel above the ignition front. The burning rate of cardboard reached a peak of about 300 kg/m(2)h at the air flowrate of 936 kg/m(2)h and decreased at higher air flowrates. For waste wood, both the ignition and burning rates increased in the tested range of the air flowrate up to 702 kg/m(2)h, of which the values were very close to those for the cardboard. The model prediction was in good agreement with the test results for waste wood. However, the burning rate for cardboard was under-predicted due to strongly irregular shapes of the fuel.