Research features of voltage static load characteristics in the electric system of Russia
At the present time using the standard (generalized) voltage static load characteristics which can differ from actual considerably is provided in software packages for calculations of the steady-state mode and steady-state stability (in the absence of exact data). Absence of the metering or the incorrect metering of the actual voltage static load characteristic, and also using the standard (generalized) static load characteristics could lead to considerable errors and the incorrect final results while making calculations. The definition experience of actual voltage static load characteristics in different ways made by authors is given in this paper: making tests in situ in electric power systems by allocation of energy area load or separately taken electric power substation to the isolated electric supply, load allocation of the power supply from the power plant generator; registration data using of crash conditions of the electric power system. Such test of actual voltage static load characteristics definition in electric system of Russia it is reduced by authors in making tests in situ technique. Error estimation which can appear in calculations of steady-state modes with the absence of the voltage actual load characteristics is executed.
Possible negative legal consequences of unlimited technological expansion in the Arctic basin
The article discusses the problems and features of the legal regulation of environmental management in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation located in the Far North of the Arctic. Due to their geographical location, climatic conditions and underdeveloped infrastructure, these entities were and remain problematic regions in terms of subsoil use. It is indicated that the legal and legislative practice of the Arctic states themselves plays the leading role in the legal status of the Arctic. At the same time, international treaties should be applied taking into account the references to regional agreements contained in them. According to the authors, the regulation of the relations of subsoil use for exploration and production of the main types of minerals should be carried out with the active participation of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, which may contribute to the rational and integrated use of subsoil. It is proposed to add and amend the relevant legislation of the Russian Federation.
Generic Heurorithm of Innovation Management from Generating Ideas to Commercialization
The problem of providing an integrated scientific, methodological and information support of the innovation process, covering all its stages including the creative phase, at which novelties are created (solving the problem of conceptual design), is considered. The generic heurorithm (heuristic algorithm) of the innovation management serves as the methodological basis for the implementation of the information support and management innovation system. It is a standard program tool for corporative innovation infrastructure for use in universities, and is intended for describing, accounting and management of ideas at different stages of the innovation cycle. Heurorithm has a modular structure and is represented by a graphical notation systems working schemes. Its schemes reflect a variety of means to support innovation: scientific and methodological support, methods, instructional materials, information resources and a program toolkit (including components of information support and innovation management system). These means correspond to the heuristic components of activities and heuristic information facilities: weakly formalized creative processes and experience gained during their realization. Availability and detailing of heuristics generated and used at different stages of the innovation process for its intensification, is one of the main differences between the developed heurorithm and known organizational charts of innovative activity. On the basis of the generic heurorithm in the system of information support and innovation management an interactive navigator on the stages of the innovation process and means of its support is developed. The research was conducted at the financial support of the state e represented by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (the unique identifier of the research work RFMEFI57314X0007).