Trafficking in Persons in Indonesia: A Review on Current Anti-Trafficking Legislation Development
Trafficking in persons has become a global phenomena, including within Indonesia. Even now, Indonesia is identified as a source, transit, and destination country for victims of trafficking in persons for the purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. The victims include women, children, and men. However, Indonesia is committed to preventing trafficking in persons, punishing offenders, and protecting victims of trafficking. Towards this end, Indonesia is taking many strategic and practical steps to eradicate trafficking in persons; including enacting current specific anti-trafficking law to cope with this type of crime; i.e., Law No. 21 of 2007 on the Eradication of Criminal Act of Trafficking in Persons. This article examines the development of anti trafficking legislation in Indonesia, including international instruments, prior legislation, and current legislation adopted in coping with the criminal act of trafficking in persons. The results would provide more undertsnading pertaining to trafficking in persons in Indonesia and the development of acts adopted by the country in adressing this criminal act. Keywords: Indonesia, trafficking in persons, legislation development
KESESUAIAN ALASAN KASASI PENUNTUT UMUM AKIBAT JUDEX FACTI SALAH MENERAPKAN HUKUM PERKARA PERDAGANGAN ORANG DENGAN KETENTUAN KUHAP (STUDI PUTUSAN NOMOR 1413 K/PID.SUS/2018)
ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesesuaian argumentasi alasan pengajuan kasasi yang dilakukan oleh Penuntut Umum dengan Pasal 253 Ayat (1) huruf a KUHAP. Penuntut Umum mengajukan kasasi dengan alasan akibat Judex Facti salah menerapkan hukum dan terdapat pengabaian terhadap penerapan asas lex specialis derogat legi generalis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum doktrinal-normatif. Bersifat perskriptif dan terapan dengan studi kasus putusan perdagangan orang yang telah inkrach. Cara pengumpulan bahan hukum dengan studi pustaka dan bahan hukum yang digunakan bahan hukum primair dan sekundair. Analisis berdasarkan pola berpikir deduktif selogisme, dari pengajuan premis mayor dan premis minor saling dihubungkan sehingga dapat ditarik simpulan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa terdapat kesesuaian alasan pengajuan kasasi Penuntut Umum dengan ketentuan dalam KUHAP. Alasan pengajuan kasasi oleh Penuntut Umum akibat Judex Facti salah menerapkan hukum karena Pasal 2 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Nomor 21 Tahun 2007 tentang Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang merupakan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan yang bersifat lex specialis seharusnya yang diterapkan bukan ketentuan umum tentang mucikari menurut pasal 506 KUHP. Ketentuan Pasal 253 Ayat (1) Huruf a KUHAP dijadikan dasar oleh Mahkamah Agung dalam pemeriksaan tingkat kasasi untuk menentukan peraturan hukum telah diterapkan atau diterapkan tidak sebagaimana mestinya.Kata kunci : Kasasi Penuntut Umum; Judex Facti; Perkara perdagangan orang; KUHAP ABSTRACTThis study aims to understand Judex Facti reason false to adjusting the law by public prosecutor in submitting casation is according to article 253 section (1) of Criminal Procedure Code. Public prosecutor’s reason on submitting casation is Judex Facti that false to adjusting the law and neglecting Lex Specialis Derogat Legi Generalis principles.This research is a doctrinal- normative. It’s prescriptive and applied, to a case of human trafficking crime that has been inkracht. With literature review to collect data using the primary and secondary law material. Analysis based on deductive and selogism mindset, with connecting major and minor premise to making a conclusion. Conclusion of this discussion is the answer of question of this study, there is connection from submitted casation by public prosecutor to Criminal Procedure Code. Judex Facti reason false to adjusting the law by public prosecutor in submitting casation because Article 2 section (1) Law No. 21 of 2007 about Human Trafficking Criminal Acts is a legislative regulation must using Lex Specialis principles instead of regulation about pimp on Article 506 of Criminal Code. article 253 section (1) of Criminal Procedure Code is used as a basis by the Supreme Court in the examination of the cassation to determine whether the legal regulations have been applied or applied improperly.Keywords : Casation by the Public Prosecutor; Judex Facti; The case of human trafficking; The criminal procedure code
Exposure to violence in incarcerated youth from the city of São Paulo.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to determine the extent of exposure to community violence among delinquent Brazilian youth in the 12-month period prior to their incarceration and to identify factors associated with this exposure.


METHOD
With an oversampling of girls, a cross-section of youth under 18 years of age from juvenile detention units in the city of São Paulo, Brazil completed a structured interview. Key items related to exposure to violence (witnessed and experienced) were drawn from the Social and Health Assessment questionnaire to cover the 12-month period prior to incarceration.


RESULTS
Participants (n = 325, 89% boys) reported high rates of exposure to violence with largely similar levels for boys and girls. Being threatened with physical harm, being beaten or mugged and/or shot at were the most common forms of violence experienced. After controlling for demographic and family variables, the fact of having peers involved in risk behavior, easy access to guns and previous involvement with the justice system were associated with witnessed violence; whereas having slept on the street was the only variable associated with experienced violence.


CONCLUSION
This group of youth was exposed to high levels of violence and other adverse experiences. Future research should examine the effectiveness of strategies aimed at reducing the exposure to violence of high-risk youth.