Nitrogen-containing carbohydrate derivatives. XIV. Configurational studies on amino-sugars using cuprammonium solutions.
A study has been made of the optical rotational shifts and conductance changes in cuprammonium solutions of eight isomeric amino-glycosides. The results are in agreement with the findings of Reeves for vicinal diol systems. Care must be taken in using small optical rotational shifts alone as evidence for the absence of complexing with a vic-amino-alcohol grouping. These techniques have been used to relate methyl 5-amino-1,3-O-benzylidene-5-deoxy-β-D-fructoside and -α-L-sorboside to their respective hydroxy-compounds.
A study of the structure of bluensomycin with the tetramminecopper reagent.
A polarimetric study was made of the interaction of the tetramminecopper (TACu) reagent and the Cupra B reagent with bluensomycin, desamidinodecarbamoyl (DADC) bluensomycin, and several reference compounds of the streptomycin series. The results obtained with TACusupport the choice of 5b as the correct formula for DADC-bluensomycin. It follows that bluensomycin is 9, and bluensidine is lD~l-O-carbamoyl-3-deoxy-3-guanidinosc3/ZZo-inositol (2). A phosphorylated aminosugar, D-glucosamine 1-phosphate, gives a normal J[M] value with TACu.
Socially responsible enterprise in Cuba: a positive role model for Corporate Social Responsibility?’
This article examines the unique institutional environment of socialist Cuba, where currently a process of controlled marketization and expansion of private enterprise is taking place. The article investigates business behaviour in Cuba with particular reference to implicit assumptions relating to socially responsible enterprise, or Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as the term is understood in Western Liberal Democracies. It draws upon a series of interviews with business practitioners and business commentators (both Cuban and non-Cuban residents on the island). The interviews focused on the participants’ awareness of business ethics and socially responsible enterprise, and the cultural differences in assumptions and expectations relating to the concept of CSR between the Cuban and non-Cuban interviewees. We find that Cuba at this early stage of tentative marketization presents a positive role model of socially responsible enterprise. Both the highly regulated State economy and the embedded norms and values of social equity that have emerged as a consequence of Cuba’s socialist revolution facilitate business social responsibility. The relevance of this research to current debates in relation to CSR is discussed and it is argued that capitalist economies may similarly benefit from tighter regulatory control and by cultivating more pro-social business norms that prioritise ethical over economic concerns.