Licensure and Certification
Licensure and certification summarizes the mechanisms in place for identifying qualified psychologists, both at the governmental level, and by private organizations that credential licensed psychologists. Those terms are distinguished from and compared to other terms such as credentials, registered, and chartered. Standards for the recognition of psychologists are stated. Organizations that credential psychologists in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom are briefly described. Characteristics of credible credentialing organizations are summarized. 
 
 
Keywords: 
 
counseling psychology; 
health psychology; 
practice in clinical psychology; 
certification; 
credential; 
doctoral degree; 
globalization; 
health; 
health service psychologist; 
licensure
Psychology's self-regulation and the setting of professional standards
Abstract This article presents three certification mechanisms, providing a historical introduction and a status report on each, and then relates each as a form of assessment of competence with differences in level and scope. Key national organizations that play a major role in designation or accreditation of psychology programs or in the credentialing of individual psychologists are profiled. The article concludes with a recommendation for an international regulatory council in psychology to deal with interorganizational issues in the profession.
Teaching self-care to delinquent adolescents.
Adolescent delinquency is an ever-increasing societal concern. Certain health problems are concentrated in the delinquent population. Families of delinquent youths often fail to reinforce self-care. Therefore health care providers need to focus on ways to teach delinquent adolescents to care for themselves. This article reviews delinquency and characteristics of juvenile delinquents and their families. A model is presented to guide health care providers to assess delinquent adolescents' abilities to care for themselves and to teach them strategies for self-care.