The APD statistical analysis of the high-speed system electromagnetic noise
This paper mainly discusses the power network offline noise of high-speed railway system, and uses the MATLAB simulation analysis on its amplitude probability distribution. The results show that the characteristics of the noise mentioned in this article is consist with the theoretical model of the high-speed railway system. It can be used to study the effects of such noise on the high-speed system.
On the Relation Between the Amplitude Probability Distribution of Noise and Bit Error Probability
In the paper entitled "Relation Between the Amplitude Probability Distribution of an Interfering Signal and Its Impact on Digital Radio Receivers," a formula for estimating the bit error probability of an interfered digital wireless receiver was presented in terms of the amplitude probability distribution of the noise. This formula is very useful for predicting the impact of interfering signals on digital wireless systems and for defining appropriate limits for the interfering signal level to protect wireless systems. However, the formula must be corrected so that it is valid for modulation schemes, such as quadratic-amplitude modulation and multiple phase-shift keying.
Toluene degradation via a unique metabolic route in indigenous bacterial species
Tanneries are the primary source of toluene pollution in the environment and toluene due to its hazardous effects has been categorized as persistent organic pollutant. Present study was initiated to trace out metabolic fingerprints of three toluene-degrading bacteria isolated from tannery effluents of Southern Punjab. Using selective enrichment and serial dilution methods followed by biochemical, molecular and antibiotic resistance analysis, isolated bacteria were subjected to metabolomics analysis. GC–MS/LC–MS analysis of bacterial metabolites helped to identify toluene transformation products and underlying pathways. Three toluene-metabolizing bacteria identified as Bacillus paralicheniformis strain KJ-16 (IUBT4 and IUBT24) and Brevibacillus agri strain NBRC 15538 (IUBT19) were found tolerant to toluene and capable of degrading toluene. Toluene-degrading potential of these isolates was detected to be IUBT4 (10.35 ± 0.084 mg/h), IUBT19 (14.07 ± 3.14 mg/h) and IUBT24 (11.1 ± 0.282 mg/h). Results of GC–MS analysis revealed that biotransformation of toluene is accomplished not only through known metabolic routes such as toluene 3-monooxygenase (T3MO), toluene 2-monooxygenase (T2MO), toluene 4-monooxygenase (T4MO), toluene methyl monooxygenase (TOL), toluene dioxygenase (Tod), meta- and ortho-ring fission pathways. But additionally, confirmed existence of a unique metabolic pathway that involved conversion of toluene into intermediates such as cyclohexene, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol. LC–MS analysis indicated the presence of fatty acid amides, stigmine, emmotin A and 2, 2-dinitropropanol in supernatants of bacterial cultures. As the isolated bacteria transformed toluene into relatively less toxic molecules and thus can be preferably exploited for the eco-friendly remediation of toluene.