Hydrogen production technology for powering civil and industrial systems : a review
Partial use of alternative energy exemplified by hydrogen energy is expected to reduce negative impacts associated with the current dependence on fossil energy and bring net gain to regional and national economies. Hydrogen has emission levels that are far below the existing and possibly, future standards. Hydrogen energy may enhance energy security and perhaps allay concerns some concerns about global climatic change, environmental issues, energy efficiency, and infrastructure development. Since the production of hydrogen is energy-intensive, a production technique that negates this disadvantage with a high volume output within a reasonable time, is desirable.
A multiobjective optimal design of a hybrid power source system for a railway vehicle
In this paper, we study an optimal design for a hybrid power source railway vehicle as an alternative to diesel railway vehicles. The hybrid power source railway vehicle is assumed to be composed of the fuel cell and the electric double layer capacitor. We apply the multiobjective optimization based on the genetic algorithm for the vehicle design, aiming at reduction of both initial cost and energy consumption. The pareto optimal solutions are obtained using the multiobjective optimization.First we develop a simulation model of the hybrid power source railway vehicle and its electric power control methods. Next we derive the pareto optimal solutions as a result of the multiobjective optimization. Finally, we categorize the pareto optimal solutions to some groups, which enables us to elucidate characteristics of the pareto optimal solutions. Consequently, using the multiobjective optimization approach we effectively comprehend the problem characteristics and can obtain the plural valuable solutions.
Britain, the Commonwealth and Europe : the Commonwealth and Britain's applications to join the European Communities
Preface Notes on the Contributors Britain, The Commonwealth and Europe: An Overview D.Maitland 'The Jolly Old Empire': Labour, the Commonwealth and Europe, 1945-51 D.Russell Britain, the Commonwealth and Europe in the 1950s W.Nicoll The Australian Department of Trade and the EEC, 1956-61 J.O'Brien The Commonwealth in British European Policy: Politics and Sentiment, 1956-63 G.Wilkes 'Commonwealth or Europe?': Macmillan's Dilemma, 1961-63 A.May Commonwealth International Financial Arrangements and Britain's First Application to Join the EEC M.Kandiah & G.Staerck The Labour Government, Commonwealth Policy, and the Second Application to Join the EEC, 1964-67 P.R.Alexander The EEC and the Erosion of the Old Commonwealth Relationship S.Ward Index