More Ethical than Not: Sanctions as Surgical Tools
Joy Gordon has made a major contribution to both the ethical analysis and the policy evaluation of economic sanctions. But her claims against sanctions should be understood as critique rather than condemnation and rejection of sanctions on ethical grounds. Through a series of arguments and examples, this response points out that Gordon may be too narrow in defining sanctions' success, and that, where sanctions have gone awry, it is because they were unimaginatively formulated and poorly implemented, not because sanctions are categorically unethical. Multilateral sanctions in the late 1990s are simply more finely tuned than a few years ago. As a technique of coercive diplomacy, sanctions are meant to change dramatically the costs and benefits that leaders of a nation calculate operate in their favor as they pursue policies that the majority of the international community have declared abhorrent. We can, with the help of Gordon's critical claims, accomplish this goal in a more ethical manner, and by so doing, increase the likely success of sanctions in the future.
Just War Principles and Economic Sanctions
Pierce challenges the argument that economic sanctions are always morally preferable to the use of military force. His analysis shows that economic sanctions also inflict great pain, suffering, and physical harm on the innocent population of noncombatants and that small-scale military operations are sometimes preferable. Lori Fisler Damrosch's framework for ethical analysis, Michael Walzer's Just and Unjust Wars, and the case of Haiti are used to support his argument.
Right and reason;: Ethics in theory and practice
Right And Reason Ethics In The Rev. Father Austin Fagothey, S.J., was a Jesuit priest and author of the twentieth century. He also served as Professor of Philosophy at the University of Santa Clara, California. His comprehensive Right and Reason: Ethics in Theory and Practice has been called the clearest and easiest-to-read text on the subject of Ethics ever published. While the first edition was copyrighted in 1953, the second was published in 1959 by The C. V. Mosby Company, St. Louis, with the Nihil Obstat ...