Pakistan's law enforcement agencies harnessing their potential to combat terrorism
Abstract : In the aftermath of 9/11, the United States embarked upon a massive global hunt for terrorists and launched "Operation Enduring Freedom" in Afghanistan. Owing to its geographical proximity to Afghanistan, Pakistan emerged as an ally of the United States in its war against terrorism. Terrorists, having been evicted from Kabul, found the border areas of Pakistan and Afghanistan an idyllic sanctuary to promote future terrorism. During this period, terrorists extended their activities to other parts of Pakistan. At various stages, Pakistan's Law Enforcement Agencies (LEAs), Federal and Provincial police, Frontier Constabulary, Levies, Frontier Corps, and Rangers were dovetailed into Pakistani Army operations against terrorists, but their ability to maintain security in their respective areas of responsibility has been questionable. They had neither conducted such operations anywhere in the past, nor were they sufficiently trained and equipped to produce a matching response to the terrorists' inventive and innovative techniques. Notwithstanding the sacrifices of troops employed against terrorists in Pakistan, it is extremely important to objectively review the LEAs' demonstrated training skills and combat worthiness in the country's ongoing counterterrorism campaign. This research focuses on appraising the existing infrastructure of Pakistan's LEAs and their potential to combat the menace of terrorism. Since Pakistan is currently fighting terrorism with the Army in a lead role, the thesis will emphasize the importance of enhancing the capabilities of LEAs other than the military to forestall, prevent, and effectively counter terrorists. The LEAs of Pakistan are a linchpin in the maintenance of law and order in the country, and their restructuring, training, and funding ought to be a priority for the Pakistani government. The authors include recommendations for upgrading the LEAs in Pakistan.
Police Occupational Culture
Using studies from Australia, Britain, the United States, Africa and Canada, this book offers a contemporary look at police culture from an international perspective by questioning established silos in topics, by presenting new ways of thinking about police culture and suggesting forms that police culture is likely to take in the future.
Third order nonlinear distortion of SAW duplexers in UMTS system
Nonlinearity distortion characterization and accurate modeling techniques for leaky surface acoustic wave (LSAW) devices have been desired in the recently years due to the applications of the Radio Frequency (RF) SAW duplexers in the third-generation (3G) telecommunication system, such as Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). In the work, we first discuss the approaches to measure and characterize the 3rd order harmonic generation of the resonators on lithium tantalate YXl42° wafer and YXl48° wafer, with resonance frequency of 800MHz to 900 MHz; Second, we present an effective nonlinear Butterworth-van-Dyke (BVD) model to simulate the multi-tone 3rd order intermodulation effects of a band 5 duplexer; simulation result vs. measurement of 3rd order harmonic generation, 3rd order intermodulation (IMD3) and triple beat are presented.