AN ECONOMIC OUTLOOK OF THE NUT TREES SECTOR IN GREECE
EDITORIAL of the Walnut Subnetwork, is in charge of its publication. As both publications are species germplasm related, the Subnet-work on Genetic Resources has been closely involved in the editing. We, as Coordination Centre of the Nut Network, are very grateful to all institutions and researchers who contributed by sending useful information and encouraging curators to complete it. The Inventory on Chestnut Germplasm, Research and References is being produced by G. Bounous, Liaison During 1999 a number of planned activities were carried out within the FAO-CIHEAM Interregional Cooperative Research Network on Nuts following the agreed programme (1997-2002). National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) under the auspices of the International Society for Horticultural Science (ISHS) and supported by the Centre technique interprofessionnele des fruites et légumes (Ctifl), FAO and CIHEAM. In each case, corresponding Subnetwork meetings took place. However, an International Congress on Stone Pine, planned to be held in Valladolid, Spain, was rescheduled for February 2000. Officer of the Chestnut Subnetwork. The Inventory on Pistachio Germplasm, Research and References, which will be produced jointly with the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (IPGRI), was relaunched during the XI GREMPA Meeting on Pistachio and Almond held in San-liurfa, Turkey and now N. Kaska, Liaison Officer of the Pistachio Subnetwork and B.E. Ak are compiling the information requested via internet. All these catalogues are being funded by FAO's Regional Office for Europe (REU), the Seed and Plant Genetic Resources Service (AGPS) together with CIHEAM-IAMZ. In addition, a special volume of Options Méditerranéennes containing the papers presented at the Economics Subnetwork Meeting held in late 1996 in CIHEAM-IAMZ, Zaragoza, to review the economic situation of the nut sector in different Me-diterranean countries, has been edited. This volume will be used as a base document for calling a new meeting of the Economics Subnetwork during 2000 in Reggio Calabria, Italy. The approach of the next century has generated many discussions and uncertainties about the future. The trend to a global economy and the new trade agreements have originated significant changes in most aspects of horticultural production and thus also on nut tree production. It seems clear that the ability to predict new trends and to adjust them to the future market efficiently will afford new opportunities for nut tree growers. It is necessary to quickly adopt changes for global competition while covering customer demands. Changes are needed at all levels: training, research and industry. Research …
Aspectos básicos del cultivo del pistachero: situación, problemática y perspectivas
Basic aspects of pistachio culture: situation, problems and outlook Some notes on important aspects of the pistachio crop are presented: the current situation of the production worldwide, basic orchard problems and outlook. There is specially referred to the Spanish situation. All the existing orchards in Spain are very young. Pistachio presents a potential interest for extensive Spanish areas. Due to its environmental requirements (a tipical mediterranean specie) and its agronomic and commercial characteristics, this tree can be considered, in some conditions, as a possible alternative to other crops which currently are very important socially and economically in Spain, like olive, almond and vineyard. Some species of the Pistacia genus and specially interspecific hybrids (which can be used as rootstocks for pistachio cultivation), present also an environmental interest, in reforestation, due to their easy adaption to adverse soil and climatic conditions.
Abscission and Kernel Quality of Almond Fruit Inoculated with the Shot Hole Pathogen Wilsonomyces carpophilus.
Fruit of almond cultivar Mission were aerosol-spray inoculated with aqueous suspensions containing 103, 104, or 105 conidia/ml of Wilsonomyces carpophilus beginning when fruit emerged from the hypanthium and continuing at approximately weekly intervals until they reached full size and embryo development had begun. There was a linear increase in percent fruit abscission (P = 0.001) and average number lesions per fruit (P = 0.007) with increasing inoculum concentration. Percent fruit abscission decreased with increasing fruit length (maturity) at inoculation (P = 0.001). Lesions were most abundant when mid-size fruit were inoculated. The kernel quality of infected and healthy fruit of cultivar Carmel were compared in 1994 and 1995. Mid- to full-size fruit were inoculated one or three times with 105 conidia/ml of W. carpophilus. Kernels from inoculated fruit were shorter than those from uninoculated fruit (P = 0.007), but kernel weight did not differ. Fewer than 2.5% of kernels in 1994 and none in 1995 were covered with gum deposits or incompletely filled.