Materials outgassing rate decay in vacuum at isothermal conditions
As a laboratory for scientific research, the International Space Station has been in Low Earth Orbit for over 17 years and is planned to be on-orbit for another 10 years. The ISS has been maintaining a relatively pristine contamination environment for science payloads. Materials outgassing induced contamination is currently the dominant source for sensitive surfaces on ISS and modelling the outgassing rate decay over a 20 to 30 year period is challenging. Using ASTM E 1559 rate data, materials outgassing is described herein as a diffusion-reaction process with the interface playing a key role. The observation of -1/2 (diffusion) or non-integers (reaction limited) as rate decay exponents for common ISS materials indicate classical reaction kinetics is unsatisfactory in modelling materials outgassing. Nonrandomness of reactant concentrations at the interface is the source of this deviation from classical reaction kinetics. A t-1/2 decay is adopted as the result of the correlation of the contaminant layer thicknesses and composition on returned ISS hardware, the existence of high outgassing silicone exhibiting near diffusion limited decay, the confirmation of nondepleted material after ten years in Low Earth Orbit, and a potential slowdown of long term materials outgassing kinetics due to silicone contaminants at the interface.
ASTM E 1559 Method for Measuring Material Outgassing(Deposition Kinetics
The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) has published a new slandard test method for churacterizing lime and lemperature dependence oj material oulgassing kinetics and the deposition kinetics of outgussed species on surfmes at various temperatures. This new ASTM standard, tY 1-559,' uses the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) collection meusurement upprouch. The test method wus originully developed under a progrum sponsored by lhu U.S. Air Force Muleriuls L,ubomlorv lo ereale a srunulurd lest whd Jur obluining oulgussing and deposilion kinetics dala for spacecraJ materials. Standardization by ASTM recognizes [hat the melhod has applications beyond aerospace. In parlicular, the method will provide dutu oJ'use lo the eleclronics, semiconduclor, and high vacuum industries.This paper describes the ASTM E 1.5.59 test method and presents some typical data. The paper also describes the Lockheed AS'I'M E 1559 test apparatus.
Yeats, Eliot, Pound and the Politics of Poetry: Richest to the Richest
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