Computer system for energetic diagnoses in residential customers
Abstract A computerized system that carries out both energy efficiency diagnoses and cost/benefit analyses for energy efficiency measures is described. The Mexican agency, FIPATERM, provides soft financing for residential customers who participate in demand side management (DSM) programmes. Current FIPATERM programmes are: thermal insulation, substitution of the current airconditioning system by an efficient one, infiltration reduction, levelled annual payment plan, and interruption of the airconditioning equipment during peak demand hours. The residential customers who want to participate in one or several energy efficiency programmes, must agree to an energy efficiency diagnosis. Then, from both, house construction characterization and a customer equipment operation survey, the simulator allows some of the most profitable DSM measures to be identified.
A procedure for testing the ability of whole building energy simulation programs to thermally model the building fabric
A procedure was developed for systematically testing whole building energy simulation models and diagnosing the sources of predictive disagreements. Field trials of the method were conducted with a number of detailed state-of-the-art programs by researchers from nations participating in International Energy Agency (IEA) Task 12 and Annex 21. The technique consists of a series of carefully specified test case buildings that progress systematically from extremely simple to relatively realistic. Output values for the cases, such as annual loads, annual maximum and minimum temperatures, peak loads, and some hourly data are compared, and used in conjunction with diagnostic logic to determine the algorithm responsible for prediction differences. The more realistic cases, while geometrically simple, test the ability of the programs to model such combined effects as thermal mass, direct solar gain windows, window shading devices, internally generated heat, infiltration, sunspaces, earth coupling, and deadband and setback thermostat control. The more simplified cases facilitate diagnosis by allowing excitation of particular heat transfer mechanisms. The procedure was very effective at revealing bugs, faulty algorithms, and input errors in a group of building energy simulation programs that may be considered among the world`s best. The output data from the simulation programs can be usedmore » as reference ranges for comparing and diagnosing other detailed or simplified design tools.« less
BIOSYNTHESIS OF DAUNORUBICIN GLYCOSIDES: ANALYSIS WITH BLOCKED MUTANTS
ABSTRACT Daunorubicin (daunomycin; NSC 82151) is an anthracycline antibiotic that is useful in the treatment of human leukemias. Several Streptomyces species accumulate higher glycosides of daunorubicin, which can be converted to daunorubicin by simple hydrolysis. We isolated a number of mutants of a daunorubicin glycoside-producing streptomycete, and found that some were deficient in accumulation of daunorubicin glycosides. One such mutant accumulated no detectable anthracyclines, while other mutants accumulated anthracyclines or aglycones that have not been reported before or have been described as co-metabolites of daunorubicin glycosides. Some of these anthracyclines and aglycones were purified and used as substrates in bioconversion experiments with various mutants. The results allowed us to construct a proposed pathway for the biosynthesis of daunorubicin glycosides by this streptomycete. KEYWORDS Anthracycline; daunorubicin; biosynthesis; blocked mutants; biotransformation.