The Composition and Antimicrobial Activities of Cyperus conglomeratus, Desmos chinensis var. lawii and Cyathocalyx zeylanicus Essential Oils
The essential oil compositions of the rhizomes of Cyperus conglomeratus (Cyperaceae) collected from Oman and the leaves of two Annonaceae plants, Desmos chinensis var. lawii and Cyathocalyx zeylanicus collected from India were studied by GC, GC-MS and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Twenty-six compounds, representing 84.4% of the oil were identified in C. conglomeratus, where eugenol (31.3%), α-cyperone (10.5%) and cyperotundone (8.4%) were the major compounds. Twelve compounds, constituting 100%, were identified in D. lawii oil, of which benzyl benzoate (58.7%), β-caryophyllene (23.2%), limonene (4.9%) and α-humulene (4.0%) were the major constituents. Thirty-two compounds, comprising 98.0%, were identified in C. zeylanicus oil, of which β-caryophyllene (21.6%), α-pinene (20.4%) and E-β-ocimene (11.8%) were the major components. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the oils were tested against a panel of five bacterial and two fungal strains. The oils showed moderate activity against all the tested microbial strains. The minimum inhibitory concentrations of the oils were also determined.
Clerodane diterpenoids from Cyathocalyx zeylanica
Abstract A new clerodane diterpene, 3-hydroxy-cleroda-4(18),13 Z -dien-15-oic acid, been isolated from the stem bark of Cyathocalyx zeylanica along with a known clerodane diterpenoid, 16-acetoxy-cleroda-3,13-dien-15,16-olide. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral data including 2D NMR spectra and some previous 13 C NMR assignments of the latter compound were revised.
Stereoselective disposition of ibuprofen enantiomers in infants.
The pharmacokinetics of the enantiomers of ibuprofen were investigated after oral administration of a single 7.6 +/- 0.3 mg kg-1 dose of the racemate in 11 infants. Mean (+/- s.d.) half-lives were 1.6 +/- 0.5 h for S(+) and 1.5 +/- 0.5 h for R(-) and mean (+/- s.d.) AUC values were 31.5 +/- 14.3 mg l-1 h for S(+) and 36.6 +/- 13.8 mg l-1 h for R(-). Since plasma concentrations of the active S(+)-isomer were lower than those reported in adults, a higher dosage might be required in infants.