Welfare for veterans: an army on short rations
20 The Welfare Inspector General of New York State made headlines recently with charges of widespread ineligibility among veterans receiving relief in New York City.1 Little notice, however, was taken of the plight of 15,000 veterans then receiving relief in the city, or of their dependents, together totaling almost 37,000 persons. Over 1,000 veterans, mostly of the Vietnam War, are currently applying for public as sistance in the city each month. Ex-service men are probably making their way to wel fare offices in proportionate numbers throughout the country, but precise data are not readily available because few states or localities keep statistics on veterans as such.
The Returning Black Vietnam-Era Veteran
This study explores the readjustment to civilian life of 199 black Vietnam- era veterans. Additional national data are used to demonstrate that black veterans are faced with unique problems.
Observations of nearshore infragravity waves: Seaward and shoreward propagating components
[1] The variation of seaward and shoreward infragravity energy fluxes across the shoaling and surf zones of a gently sloping sandy beach is estimated from field observations and related to forcing by groups of sea and swell, dissipation, and shoreline reflection. Data from collocated pressure and velocity sensors deployed between 1 and 6 m water depth are combined, using the assumption of cross-shore propagation, to decompose the infragravity wave field into shoreward and seaward propagating components. Seaward of the surf zone, shoreward propagating infragravity waves are amplified by nonlinear interactions with groups of sea and swell, and the shoreward infragravity energy flux increases in the onshore direction. In the surf zone, nonlinear phase coupling between infragravity waves and groups of sea and swell decreases, as does the shoreward infragravity energy flux, consistent with the cessation of nonlinear forcing and the increased importance of infragravity wave dissipation. Seaward propagating infragravity waves are not phase coupled to incident wave groups, and their energy levels suggest strong infragravity wave reflection near the shoreline. The cross-shore variation of the seaward energy flux is weaker than that of the shoreward flux, resulting in cross-shore variation of the squared infragravity reflection coefficient (ratio of seaward to shoreward energy flux) between about 0.4 and 1.5.