Employment-related Collective Bargaining in Germany: Annual Report 2001
The latest trends and developments on employment-related collective bargaining in Germany during the reference period are analysed in this study. We start with a quantitative overview on recent collective agreements and then describe the main types of measures negotiated in the newly concluded collective agreements.
Ausmaß und Bestimmungsgründe der Mitgliedschaft in Arbeitgeberverbänden: Eine empirische Untersuchung mit Firmendaten**
Nach einer knappen Darstellimg des theoretischen und empirischen For schungsstandes uber Arbeitgeberverbande in Deutschland werden in diesem Beitrag die Mitgliedschaft in Arbeitgeberverbanden und deren Bestimmungsgrunde unter sucht. Die Auswertung neuer Daten von uber 900 niedersachsischen Betrieben zeigt, das gut die Halfte der Industriebetriebe, in denen rund zwei Drittel aller Beschaf tigten arbeiten, Mitglied eines Arbeitgeberverbandes sind. Die Organisationswahr scheinlichkeit steigt mit der Grose und dem Alter des Betriebes, dem gewerkschaftli chen Organisationsgrad der Mitarbeiter lind dem Arbeitskampfrisiko, und sie geht mit dem Ausmas an internationalem Wettbewerb zuruck. After a brief discussion of the state of theoretical and empirical research on employers' associations in Germany, this paper investigates the membership of employers' associations and its determinants. Using a new set of data on more than 900 establishments in Lower Saxony, it is found that about 50 percent offirms in manufacturing industry (which employ about two-thirds of the total workforce) are members of an employers ' association. A firm's probability of being a member increases with the size and the age of the establishment, with union density among its employees, and with the risk of industrial disputes, whereas international competition makes membership less likely.
Research requirements to reduce maintenance costs of civil helicopters
The maintenance problems faced by the operators of civil helicopters that result in high costs are documented. Existing technology that can be applied to reduce maintenance costs and research that should be carried out were identified. Good design practice and application of existing technology were described as having a significant impact on reducing maintenance costs immediately. The research and development that have potential for long range reduction of maintenance costs are presented.