Quality changes in cocoyam flours during storage
Abstract Cocoyam tubers were subjected to two processing methods (fermentation and parboiling) and milled into flour. The samples were stored at 25°C, 35°C, and 45°C and analyzed at 2 weeks interval for 8 weeks for their nutritional, functional, and pasting properties. Data obtained were subjected to multiple analysis of variance. Storage period and its interactive effect with the processing methods had significant (P < 0.05) effects on all the nutritional composition of the flour except for the fat content. Water absorption index, wettability, and bulk density ranged from 1.94–2.72%, 25.30–135.50 sec, and 0.48–0.71 g/cm3, respectively. The entire pasting properties were significantly affected by the storage period while the interaction between storage temperature, processing methods, and storage period affected all the pasting properties except the peak time, peak, and breakdown viscosity. This study showed that processing methods storage periods and storage temperatures produced cocoyam flour with different quality characteristics.
Functional properties of wheat and sweet potato flour blends.
In this study the functional properties of wheat and sweet potato tuber (Ipomea batatas) flou r blends were investigated. The sweet potato tubers were brought from local farm in Offa Kwara State. The tubers were thoroughly sorted, washed, peeled, sliced, blanched, soaked, drained, sundries and milled into flour. Wheat flour used was purchased at Orisumbare market in Osogbo Osun State. The wheat and sweet potato flour were blended using the following ratios (WF:SPF:100:0, 90:10, 85:15, 80:20, 75:25, 0:100). These samples were thereafter subjected to functional properties analysis. The results revealed that as more and more sweet potato flour was added to wheat flour, there was significant effect on the functional properties.
Just Wars: From Cicero to Iraq
Preface and Acknowledgements. Introduction -. PART I: MAPPING THE JUST WAR TRADITION. Chapter 1: Antiquity -. Chapter 2: The Middle Ages -. Chapter 3: Renaissance and Reformation -. Chapter 4: From Holy War to Enlightenment -. Chapter 5: Modernity and Beyond -. PART II: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES. Chapter 6: The Just War Tradition Today -. Chapter 7: Terrorism -. Chapter 8: Pre-emption -. Chapter 9: Aerial Bombing -. Chapter 10: Humanitarian Intervention -. Conclusion. Bibliography -. Index