POLÍTICAS EDUCACIONAIS NO ESTADO DO MARANHÃO: A FORMAÇÃO CONTINUADA DE PROFESSORES NO PLANO DE AÇÕES ARTICULADAS (PAR)
This article proceeds from a research conducted in the state of Maranhao, aiming at analyzing the implementation process of the Articulated Actions Plan (PAR) in municipalities of Maranhao, within the period 2007-2011. It discusses the educational policy established in the Plan of Education Development (PDE), within which the PAR constitutes the strategic planning that implements programs and actions in order to ensure the quality improvement of the basic education in the country, measured by the Index of Basic Education Development (IDEB). In its specificity, the paper analyzes the implementation of PAR in the public schools of Sao Luis, giving visibility to the continuing education of teachers, considered in the Plan as an important action to ensure that goal. The analysis is based mainly in the categories: participation and contributions of the continuing education of teachers in PAR to improve the quality of education. The analysis of official documents and interviews with education managers and teachers indicates that the preparation of the PAR, as well as the continuing education programs for teachers, prevented the school community from participation and did not consider the demands arising from the school. The reporting period also identified that the continuing education emanating from PAR articulates with the neoliberal purposes, as it stamps the logic of school effectiveness, aiming to raise the Ideb.
Políticas públicas para a qualidade da educação brasileira: entre o utilitarismo econômico e a responsabilidade social
This text strives to understand the concept of quality that underpins the plans for Brazilian education. It assumes that, over the last four decades, educational policies have oscillated according to the confrontation between social movements and educational projects determined by the successive Brazilians governments. Either expressed in terms of humanitarian principles stressing citizenship and individual emancipation or of preparation of subjects as producers and consumers in the market dynamic, such demands have produced different meanings for the quality of education.
The chromosomes of Chrysanthemum,
NEW varieties of the garden chrysanthemum arise primarily from seed. They are propagated vegetatively and many give rise to bud sports in sequence and in parallel to give whole families of varieties. The original sports would naturally be chimras and it is not surprising therefore that they often revert to the previous type. Whereas some varieties sport continually from the time of their origin, others remain stable for many years. Those considered in this account do, mostly, sport freely. Since varieties may remain stable for a considerable number of years and then suddenly sport it is probable that all varieties possess the ability to sport. The origin of bud sports is unpredictable. Some confusion in naming has arisen as the same or similar sports have occurred and been propagated in different places under different names. Consequently there are, for example, several forms similar to, but not identical with, the original Favourite Supreme raised by Messrs A. G. Vinten. It might well be that each individual variety would be better termed a sub-family to include all its minor variants. The different Chrysanthemum sports are described in scattered numbers of the R.H.S. Journal—more particularly, for the Favourite family, in Vol. 63, 1938, pp. 139-141. The object of this study is to discover the cause of sporting.