A Sonirvey of Wnnnd Speeds Inn Imioor Workplaces
( The applicability of the inhalable convention for sampling aerosols relies on its being a valid model for typical sampling environments. The current convention is based on measurements carried out in external wind speeds between 1 and 4 ms~'. However these measurements show a degree of wind speed dependence, and it is uncertain at present how valid the convention is for describing human aspiration efficiency outside these wind speed limits. Following concerns that wind speeds in many indoor workplaces may be significantly below this range, measurements have been made in 55 work areas covering a wide range of workplaces. Measurements have concentrated on 'background' wind speeds where Hie influence of specific air movement sources is minimised. The pooled wind speed measurements show a highly skewed distribution with an arithmetic mean of approximately 0.3 m*s '. Approximately 85% of all individual measurements were below this mean value. No obvious correlation was found between wind speed distribution parameters and industry type, room size or ventilation type. A limited number of comparisons were made between static anemometers and devices mounted on workers. It was found that modal wind speeds experience by workers were typically 0.05 m-s~' higher than those measured using a static anemometer. These measurements agreed well with previously published data for similar work- places as well as housesJCrown copyright © 1998 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd on behalf of
Airflow characteristics in the occupied zone of heated spaces without mechanical ventilation
Draft is one of the most common complaints in the indoor environment. It may be caused by convective air currents along windows and other cold surfaces providing air movement in the occupied zone of heated spaces. The present paper comprises measurements of airflow characteristics (mean velocity, turbulence intenSity, energy spectra of the velocity fluctuations, etc.) in a wide range of spaces in the field with different heating systems and without mechanical ventilation, The mean velocity and turbulence intensity in the occupied! zone were lower than in mechanically ventilated spaces. The turbulence energy spectra were similar to those in a fully developed turbulent flow with ~he major part of the turbulent energy concentrated in the low-wave number range less than 5 m. The highest velocity was measured close to the floor in rooms with a large window area and no heat’ source under the window.
The administration of the courts
Section 28 of Article VI of the State Constitution provides that the Chief Judge of the Court of Appeals is the Chief Judge of the State and its chief judicial officer. The Chief Judge appoints a Chief Administrator of the Courts (or Chief Administrative Judge of the Courts if the appointee is a judge) with the advice and consent of the Administrative Board of the Courts. The Administrative Board consists of the Chief Judge as chair and the Presiding Justices of the four Appellate Divisions of the Supreme Court. The Chief Judge establishes statewide administrative standards and policies after consultation with the Administrative Board and approval by the Court of Appeals.