Oxygen reduction in acid media: influence of the heat treatment on the FeNPc(1–20 isomer mixture impregnated on carbon blacks and active charcoals
Oxygen reduction with the aid of a number of FeNPc(1–2) impregnated carbon supports in sulphuric acid solutions has been investigated. 
 
Loading of the carbon samples amounted to about 10 wt.%. After a 10 day stay in the aerated solutions the samples were investigated with rotating disk electrode and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques. The most active and stable samples correspond to mono- or submonolayers of FeNPc deposited on high dibutylphthalate adsorption carbon blacks. Comparison with data obtained previously on Norit BrX impregnations emphasizes the role of the electron density on the inner nitrogen atoms rather than that on the iron centres.
Oxygen reduction in acid media: Effect of heat treatment on the activity of Co naphthalocyanine (2,3) isomer impregnations on carbon black and the life test comparison with the (1,2) analogue isomer mixture
Abstract O 2 reduction has been investigated using rotating disc electrode and voltammetric techniques for naphthalocyanine CoNPc(2,3) impregnations supported on two kinds of carbon blacks according to the same procedure as that described by A. Biloul, O. Contamin, G. Scarbeek, M. Savy, B. Palys, J. Riga and J. Verbist, J. Electroanal. Chem., 365 (1994) 239. Samples were also characterized by Fourier transform IR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy techniques which indicate a bilayer structure. An optimized thermal treatment yielded initial activities almost identical with those of the NPcCo(1,2) isomer mixture. However, after a 10 day stay in acidic solutions, the activities dropped in all cases and became comparable with those corresponding to non-thermally treated samples. Thus the isomer structural effect is relatively minor with CoNPc.
Identification of Dihydroxy Aromatic Compounds in a Low-Temperature Pyrolysis Coal Tar by Gas Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry (GC−MS) and Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS)
Dihydroxy aromatics in coal tar undergo rapid coupling reactions with each other and with some coal-derived species during coal pyrolysis and liquefaction. However, only limited information on the structure of dihydroxy aromatics is known. In this study, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS) were used to characterize the dihydroxy aromatics in a low-temperature pyrolyzed coal tar and its distillate and residue fractions. Negative-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) FT-ICR MS spectra of coal-tar-derived samples had low molecular masses and narrow mass ranges. Negative-ion ESI is extremely selective for the dihydroxy aromatics present in coal tar. The O2 class species had the highest ion intensity among the species in the negative-ion FT-ICR mass spectrum for each sample. Dihydroxy compounds with an aromatic core structure of benzene, indan, biphenyl (and/or acenaphthene), and naphthalene were identified in the distillate fract...