The Pre-history of the Non-Aligned Movement
This article focuses on the pre-history of the Non-Aligned Movement and of the friendship between Pandit Nehru and Tito from Yugoslavia. It explores the various levels of contacts between Indians and Yugoslavs in the second half of the 1940s, among communists, diplomats, United Nations delegation members and participants of a Yugoslav trade delegation to South Asia. Special attention is given to the question of why Yugoslavia was a rather uninteresting or even hostile country to India in the years immediately after the end of World War II, but grew to be an attractive partner in the aftermath of Tito's break with Stalin, when the country tried to survive between the Anglo–American and Soviet blocs.
Zwischen Aufbruch und Repression: Jugoslawien 1945–1966
Wie in anderen Landern Ostmittel- und Sudosteuropas war der Sieg uber die Achsenmachte und den von ihnen getragenen Faschismus auch in Jugoslawien mit der Durchsetzung des sozialistischen Gesellschaftsmodells verbunden. Als Grundungsakt des sozialistischen Jugoslawien gilt die 2. Sitzung des „Antifaschistischen Rates der Volksbefreiungsbewegung“ (AVNOJ) im mittelbosnischen Jajce am 29. November 1943. Hier wurde die Wiederherstellung Jugoslawiens als Foderation beschlossen. Der im Londoner Exil lebende Konig Petar erhielt Ruckkehrverbot, und die Exilregierung wurde fur nicht kompetent erklart. Als provisorische Regierung wurde ein Nationalkomitee unter dem Vorsitz von Josip Broz Tito eingerichtet. Zur Erinnerung an die Tagung in Jajce wurde spater der 29. November als Staatsfeiertag begangen.
Reid on Hypotheses and the Ether; A Reassessment
In recent years historians of science have come to see that Thomas Reid’s Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man had a profound impact on the development of British methodological thought in the late-eighteenth and early-nineteenth centuries. Larry Laudan has argued that Reid was “the first major British philosopher to take Newton’s opinions on induction, causality, and hypotheses seriously”; and that Reid was thereby instrumental in changing the character of British methodological discourse in the Enlightenment.(1) Geoffrey Cantor has examined in detail the influence of Reid’s critique of ether theories and hypotheses in the Essays on leading protagonists in the nineteenth-century debates surrounding the wave theory of light,(2) and Richard Olson has traced the origins of the scientific style of British physics in the Victorian period to the writings of Reid and other Common Sense philosophers. (3) As well as delineating Reid’s influence, Laudan, Cantor, and Olson have attempted to identify the problems to which he addressed himself in articulating his methodology, and they have analysed with some care the internal structure of his methodological views. Thanks to the work of these historians, therefore, we have a fairly comprehensive picture of Reid’s methodology and its fortunes in the nineteenth century.