Performance of Pelton Turbine for Hydroelectric Generation in Varying Design Parameters
Water power is a renewable energy source which has great potential in replacing fossil energy for generating electricity. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of vertical distance of water source (water head) and nozzle diameter on the electrical power generated by Pelton turbine. It used Pelton turbine type with 22 buckets (vanes) which employed a PMG 200 watts generator with 1 : 2 pulley transmission system. Four different values of nozzle diameter and three different values of water head were chosen as the design parameters of the turbine. The electrical power was measured in three replications for each combination of the design parameters. The research showed that water head and nozzle diameter significantly affect the power generated by the Pelton turbine. The higher the water head from the surface, the more power generated. It was found that the electric power linearly increases with the increasing of nozzle diameter. However, it reaches the peak in 9 mm nozzle diameter and is getting lower in a larger diameter. The highest electric power of 16.89 watt is observed by adjusting the water head on 4.6 m with 9 mm nozzle diameter. Those design parameters are able can produce a rotation speed at 320 rpm in the generator. By identifying the appropriate parameters, it is possible to have more power generated by the water turbine used for hydroelectric power generation plant.
A preliminary study of biomass briquettes based on biochar from pyrolysis of durian shell
Utilization of durian shell waste as feed biomass in the pyrolysis process has been carried out. The results of the pyrolysis process produce bio-oil, gas, and biochar. Pyrolysis biochar can be used as a potential source of energy by converting it into biochar briquettes. This research is making biochar briquettes using a mixture of water and starch. The ratio between biochar and starch is 9: 1. The mixed material is then made biochar briquettes using a briquette printer with a pressure of 0.5 MPa. The results showed that biochar briquettes had better performance than durian shell biomass.
119. Stability of the Flow Through Pelton Turbine Nozzles
The paper presents a study of flow stability in Pelton turbine nozzles. Theoretical background of stability flow analyses and numerical flow simulations describing this phenomenon are presented. A new practically applied solution of the flow stability increase is described and results of the model tests are presented in paper as well. Navier-Stokes equations are basic equations applied for describing flow through any geometrical area. These equations were used for describing the flow stability in common axisymmetric area. The flow through the Pelton turbine nozzle was numerically modelled as an axisymmeric flow to apply to below mentioned equations for flow stability description in axisymmetric area. By means of theoretical analysis the intensification of velocity perturbations in axisymmetric areas were studied. Some common criteria describing perturbation behaviour were evaluated and these criteria are discussed in context with flow through Pelton turbine nozzle. These criteria were modified to the form of easy equations. In case that the velocity distribution in studied area is known these equations could be evaluated and flow stability in Pelton turbine nozzle could be described by characteristic numbers only. Values of these numbers are some criteria of analysed Pelton turbine nozzle geometry from the view of absorbing of perturbation in the turbine nozzle. Theoretical investigation of the flow stability applied to flow in Pelton turbine nozzles appears as the realistic way for whole Pelton turbine efficiency increase. The stability of the flow at the nozzle outlet was improved after new theoretical result applications. A lot of new ideas directed to the flow stability in Pelton nozzles are open in the paper and some of them are answered.