SCREENING AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF BACILLUS SP PR01 FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PROTEASE ENZYME
The current study was attempted to isolate and characterize the protease producing Bacillus sp. Among the 3 strains isolated from soil sample collected f rom kuppam region, Chennai, India. One strain (PR01) exhibited potent proteolytic activity. Based on the morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization, the isolate (PR01) was identified as Bacillus sp. The strain was designated as Bacillus sp P R01. The maximum growth of Bacillus sp PR01was observed at pH 7. The optimum temperature for the growth of Bacillus sp PR01 was found to be 27 ° C an d incubation time for 2 days. The maximum growth was noted when yeast extract was used as a nitrogen source a nd dextrose was used as the carbon source. The production of enzyme Bacillus sp PR01 was carried out in production medium. The t otal protein concentration was determined and the specific activity was also performed by casein hydrolysis assay.
Homeopathy: Holmes, Hogwarts, and the Prince of Wales
The hydrostatic paradox has never been so well illustrated as by current discussions of alternative medicine and its poster child, homeopathy. Hahnemann’s system, a therapeutic regimen unchanged since the Age of Mesmer, is making a comeback in the Age of Oprah. In 1810, Hahnemann (1755–1843) rebuked Enlightenment medicine in an over-ideational treatise called The Organon of the Rational Art of Healing:
Speci fi cation Test for Panel Data Models with Interactive Fixed E ff ects ∗
In this paper, we propose a consistent nonparametric test for linearity in a large dimensional panel data model with interactive fixed effects. Both lagged dependent variables and conditional heteroskedasticity of unknown form are allowed in the model. We estimate the model under the null hypothesis of linearity to obtain the restricted residuals which are then used to construct the test statistic. We show that after being appropriately centered and standardized, the test statistic is asymptotically normally distributed under both the null hypothesis and a sequence of Pitman local alternatives by using the concept of conditional strong mixing that was recently introduced by Prakasa Rao (2009). To improve the finite sample performance, we propose a bootstrap procedure to obtain the bootstrap -value. A small set of Monte Carlo simulations illustrates that our test performs well in finite samples. An application to an economic growth panel dataset indicates significant nonlinear relationships between economic growth, initial income level and capital accumulation.