Liability and Insurance in the Context of National Authorisation
The issue of liability is framed by the general framework developed at the international level by means of Article VII of the Outer Space Treaty and the Liability Convention. The mechanism most often chosen by states to deal with any international space law issues in the context of their domestic legal systems is to draft a framework law, laying down the ground rules for the licensing process whilst merely indicating the substantive obligations to be included in specific licenses, or at best outlining them. As for the liability and insurance issues, this amounts usually to insertion in the national space law or act of a principled obligation to indemnify the state comprehensively if the latter would have to pay an international liability claim under the Liability Convention, but also to allowing for case-by-case deviations from that general rule without much detailed guidance on when such partial exemptions should be admissible. Keywords: international space law; liability convention; outer space treaty
General Agreement on Trade in Services
The General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) is the agreement that regulates multilateral trade in services. It is included in the so-called Marrakech Agreements as a result of the multilateral negotiations in the Uruguay Round (1986–1994), which ultimately led to the creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In force since January 1, 1995, the WTO took up the regulation of multilateral trade in place of the General Agreement on Tariff and Trade (GATT), which had been the framework of negotiations on the liberalization of the goods market among its member countries between 1947 and 1994. 
 
 
Keywords: 
 
financial globalization; 
foreign exchange markets; 
international financial markets; 
legislation and regulations; 
neoliberalism; 
political economy; 
transnationalism
Experimental study on ground vibration of blasting the boulder with tandem shaped charging warhead
Hazardous effects of blasting the boulder with the new breaking-blasting equipment-tandem shaped charging warhead are mainly air shock wave, seismic wave and blast slung shot. Blast-induced ground vibration is one of the inevitable effects and may cause substantial damage to nearby structures. Started from the formation process and mechanism of ground vibration to study the seismic wave, the research attained curve of vibration velocity of monitoring points by TC-4850 and carried out differential and fast Fourier transform analysis of the curve. And the results concluded that blasting vibration with tandem shaped charging warhead mainly comes from prime charge; the attenuation law can be predicted by Sadev’s Formula. Explosion vibration frequency range is 20-150 Hz, while with the increase of distance from the blasting center, blasting vibration intensity attenuates rapidly, vibration duration increases and vibration frequency gradually reduces. Compared with general rock blasting, its attenuation rate of blasting vibration is faster with higher frequency and smaller impact on buildings, but the harm effects should not be ignored for the special application environment.