Estrutura de comércio inter-regional no Brasil: uma análise espacial de insumo-produto para o período 1996 e 2002
The main aim of this paper is identify and calculate the evolution of inter-regional interdependence among the Brazilian states based on an interregional input-output matrix. The matrices were constructed for 1996 and 2002 and were elaborated by FIPE/USP. In the present paper, we will focus on the natures and the spatial structure of interdependence among the Brazilian sates. Thus, this paper wants to analyze the interactions in a wide perspective. To do this the analysis will be divided into two steps. The firs one will be based on the extraction method (see Dietzenbacher et al., 1993 and Perobelli et al., 2006) that enable us to identify the structure of interactions among the Brazilian states. The method will give us which is the forward dependence (output destiny) and backward dependence (source of sales). The second step will be based on the idea of model explicitly distance in the input-output model that is very important to analyze trade and do not is considered in the input-output approach. In order to implement the second step we will incorporate space into the extraction method results. This will be implemented through the global and local indicators of spatial association. Thus, in this step we will verify how important are distance for the interregional and intraregional interactions. Key-words: Inter-regional trade; input-output analysis; spatial analysis JEL Classification: R15; R12; C67 AREA DA ANPEC: 09 – ECONOMIA REGIONAL E URBANA 1 Professor Mestrado em Economia Aplicada FEA/UFJF – Bolsista CNPq e FAPEMIG 2 Professor Departamento de Economia USP – Bolsista CNPq e FAPESP 3 Assistente de Pesquisa – FEA/UFJF – Bolsista FAPEMIG 4 Assistente de Pesquisa – FEA/UFJF – Bolsista CNPq. 1 Estrutura de comercio inter-regional no Brasil: uma analise espacial de insumoproduto para o periodo 1996 e 2002
Análise da relação entre os níveis de renda e renda per capita estaduais e o comércio por vias internas no Brasil: uma abordagem com dados em painel para os anos de 1998, 1999 e 2008
The paper aims to analyze the interregional trade of the Brazilian regions, by observing the inherent relations of the region and the relations with other regions. It is intended to also check how trade flows are related to GDP and GDP per capita. The methodology consists in estimating the non-spatial panel data models that relate to the variables. Interregional trade flows were obtained from Vasconcelos (2001), Vasconcelos and Oliveira (2006) and Guilhoto et al (2010). The results show the high degree of commercial dependence on other regions in relation to the South-East region (in particular the State of Sao Paulo). There is a great concentration of trade flows in the central-south part of the country and, in general, interstate flows are of greater relative importance for the less developed states of the country. There is a positive relationship between interregional trade and GDP. However, at the aggregate level, a negative relation with GDP per capita is observed.
The Law of Failure
If a broker-dealer liquidates in federal bankruptcy court, why does an insurance company liquidate in state court, and a bank outside of court altogether? Why do some businesses re-organize under state law 'assignments', rather than the more well-known Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code? Why do some laws use the language of bankruptcy but without advancing policy goals of the Bankruptcy Code? In this illuminating work, Stephen J. Lubben tackles these questions and many others related to the collective law of business insolvency in the United States. In the first book of its kind, Lubben notes the broad similarities between the many insolvency systems in the United States while describing the fundamental differences lurking therein. By considering the whole sweep of these laws - running the gamut from Chapter 11 to obscure receivership provisions of the National Bank Act - readers will acquire a fundamental understanding of the 'law of failure'.