Upgrading the backend of the pipeline readout system for Belle II
The Belle II experiment at KEK will be a successor to the Belle experiment. Belle II will start operation from 2015, searching for subatomic particles beyond the standard model. The pipeline readout system for the Belle experiment will be unable to satisfy the requirements of Belle II, because the luminosity of the SuperKEKB accelerator will be about 40 times higher than that of KEKB. We have moved the digitizer to front-end electronics and upgraded the back-end part, as well as replacing the processor on the readout module. We report here the upgrade plan and the throughput of the back-end part.
The BELLE DAQ system
Abstract We built a data acquisition system for the BELLE experiment. The system was designed to cope with the average trigger rate up to 500 Hz at the typical event size of 30 kB. This system has five components: (1) the readout sequence controller, (2) the FASTBUS-TDC readout systems using charge-to-time conversion, (3) the barrel shifter event builder, (4) the parallel online computing farm, and (5) the data transfer system to the mass storage. This system has been in operation for physics data taking since June 1999 without serious problems.
Long Ceramic Beam Tubes for Accelerator Magnets
The ceramic beam tubes for the fast and abort kickers and the bucker and pinger magnets used at Fermilab must meet a number of exacting requirements. The tubes must be long and sufficiently straight so as not to limit magnet design. They must have wall strength capable of withstanding the atmospheric and mechanical forces encountered during construction and operation. Vacuum tight ceramic to stainless steel transitions must be of reasonable cost; they must also withstand high temperature processing and remain vacuum tight to the 10/sup -9/ Torr range. To remove the possibility of static charge buildup each tube must have a surface coating of indium oxide applied to the inner wall. This thin coating is difficult to achieve and requires the most careful attention to detail. The methods used at Fermilab to achieve these goals are presented in this paper.