PYTHIA status report
Recent improvements in the PYTHIA event generator are summarized: new hard subprocesses, γ*γ* physics, QCD final-state showers, and more.
The Lund Model
Preface 1. Relativistic kinematics, electromagnetic fields and the method of virtual quanta 2. The harmonic oscillator and the quantum field 3. The vacuum as a dielectric medium and renormalisation 4. Deep inelastic scattering and the parton model 5. The classical motion of the massless relativistic string 6. The decay kinematics of the massless relativistic string 7. A stochastic process for string decay 8. The properties of the Lund model fragmentation formulae: external part formulas 9. The internal part fragmentation formulae and their relations to the unitarity equations of Regge theory 10. The dynamical analogues of the Lund model fragmentation formulae 11. Flavour and transverse momentum generation, and the vector to pseudoscalar meson ratio 12. Heavy quark fragmentation and Baryon production 13. The Hanbury-Brown-Twiss-effect and polarisation in the Lund model 14. The Lund gluon model, the kinematics and the decay properties 15. Gluon emission via the Bremsstrahlung process 16. Multigluon emission, the dipole moment and parton coherence cascade models 17. The lambda measure in the leading log, and the modified lead log approximation of perturbative QCD 18. The parton model and QCD 19. Inelastic lepto-production in the Lund model, the soft radiation model and heretical structure functions 20. Hadronic interaction models References Index.
Application of infrared camera to bituminous concrete pavements: measuring vehicle
Infrared thermography (IR) has been used for decades in certain fields. However, the technological level of advancement of measuring devices has not been sufficient for some applications. Over the recent years, good quality thermal cameras with high resolution and very high thermal sensitivity have started to appear on the market. The development in the field of measuring technologies allowed the use of infrared thermography in new fields and for larger number of users. This article describes the research in progress in Transport Research Centre with a focus on the use of infrared thermography for diagnostics of bituminous road pavements. A measuring vehicle, equipped with a thermal camera, digital camera and GPS sensor, was designed for the diagnostics of pavements. New, highly sensitive, thermal cameras allow to measure very small temperature differences from the moving vehicle. This study shows the potential of a high-speed inspection without lane closures while using IR thermography.