Full Color AM-LCDs on Flexible Glass Substrates
We have realized a full color 4-inch quarter-VGA amorphous Silicon AM-LCD on 75 μm flexible glass substrates. The overall thickness of the LC cell is <170 μm. With this work we demonstrate that the incorporated ultra-thin glass substrates have suitable properties to be compatible with a standard color AM-LCD process and achieve active matrix backplanes with reliable
6.3: Thin Glass‐Polymer Systems as Flexible Substrates for Displays
Thin and flexible substrates are urgently needed to realize new applications for LCD‐ and OLED displays. The use of polymer foils is limited due to high permeation rates for oxygen and water and complicated coatings are needed to reduce the permeation rate. On the other hand even ultra thin glass has excellent barrier properties but limitations regarding mechanical stability. The developed thin glass‐polymer systems with a thickness range from 100‐50 μm show excellent barrier properties combined with sufficient bending property to shape displays for various applications. An organic polymer coating on the ultra thin glass by means of dipping or spin coating improves significantly the mechanical stability of the thin glass. Thus, the thin glass‐polymer substrates can be used in conventional cleaning and ITO process lines. The influence of various coatings on the mechanical properties is shown.
Heat Recovery Systems
Geothermal energy is recovered from an underground zone of relatively hot strata via a borehole into which is inserted a heat pipe system containing a working fluid, the heat pipe system comprising an assembly of two tubes in concentric relation, the inner tube being constituted by a relatively small diameter capillary for the return of working fluid to the vicinity of the zone of the relatively hot strata. The working fluid is preferably assisted in its return under gravity by means of a pump. The system includes heat exchange means operable to recover thermal energy from the working fluid. A third and outermost tube may be used to reduce heat losses, this third tube enclosing the two tubes over all but that part of their length which is in the zone of relatively hot strata.