Homo-C-nucleoside analogs IV. Synthesis of 4-(2,5-anhydro-D-altro-pentitol-1-yl)-2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazole homo-C-nucleoside. CD assignment of the absolute configuration of the carbon bridge.
Dehydrative cyclization of 4-(D-altro-pentitol-1-yl)2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazole in basic medium with one moler equivalent of p-toluene sulfonyl chloride in pyridine solution gave the homo-C-nucleoside 4-(2,5-anhydro-D-altro-1-yl)-2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazole. The structure and anomeric configuration was determined by acylation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and mass spectroscopy. The stereochemistry at the carbon bridge of homo-C-nucleoside 2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazoles was determined by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy.
Homo-C-nucleoside analogs III. Studies on the base-catalyzed dehydrative cyclization of 4-(d-manno-pentitol-1-yl)-2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazole.
Treatment of 4-(d-manno-pentitol-1-yl)-2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazole with one molar equivalent of 2,4,6-triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl chloride (TIBSCl) in pyridine solution afforded the homo-C-nucleoside analog; 4-(2,5-anhydro-d-manno-pentitol-1-yl)-2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazole in 54% yield and 4-(α-d-arabinopyranosyl)-2-phenyl-2H1,2,3-triazole analog in 3% yield. The 4-(5-O-triisopropylbenzenesulfonyl)-d-manno-pentitol-1-yl)-2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazole analog was isolated as an intermediate and identified as its tetra-O-acetyl derivative. The 4-(5-chloro-5-deoxy-d-manno-pentitol-1-yl)-2-phenyl-2H-1,2,3-triazole analog was isolated as a byproduct. The structure and anomeric configuration of the products were determined by acylation, NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry.
Athenian Democracy at War
Classical Athens perfected direct democracy. The plays of this ancient Greek state are still staged today. These achievements are rightly revered. Less well known is the other side of this success story. Democratic Athens completely transformed warfare and became a superpower. The Athenian armed forces were unmatched in size and professionalism. This book explores the major reasons behind this military success. It shows how democracy helped the Athenians to be better soldiers. For the first time David M. Pritchard studies, together, all four branches of the armed forces. He focuses on the background of those who fought Athens' wars and on what they thought about doing so. His book reveals the common practices that Athens used right across the armed forces and shows how Athens' pro-war culture had a big impact on civilian life. The book puts the study of Athenian democracy at war on an entirely new footing.