Optimization of Methods and Systems for Strategic and Operational Management Accounting in Agricultural Enterprises
The article focuses on the cost management accounting system as a basis for effective strategic and operational management and a guarantor for maximum profit. It examines various methods of cost management in agricultural holdings and enterprises. Characteristics of the methods are presented in the article. Such conditions for the use of methods as division of costs into variable and fixed, determination of main activities, continuous cost control, marketing forecasts, product competitiveness, the state of internal processes of the enterprise are considered. Direct costing, CVP-analysis and Standard Cost are examined in more detail. The calculation of the contribution margin from cattle breeding products and appropriate management document are presented. The article explores advantages and disadvantages of methods with appropriate recommendations for their use in agricultural enterprises. The calculation of the actual costs variances from standards is shown. Prerogative ways of improving the management accounting system in an unstable financial situation through the appropriate choice of methods and cost management system are defined.
Innovation of a Technological Product with Utilizing the Target Costing Methodology
The modern business environment is characterized by high competitiveness. If an enterprise wishes to maintain a competitive edge and hang on to clients, it is very important to engage in innovative activities, even if there is no real justification for doing so. Such innovation in the business environment and cost structure is additionally a catalyst for change in cost management. Gradually, costs begin to be seen from a strategic perspective and planning is undertaken in the preproduction phase, as a consequence of this stage creating the greatest impact on any future success of a product. Varying perceptions of costs and the behavior pertaining to them also necessitates that adequate tools are developed for their strategic management, e.g., target costing. The aim of this paper is to present the upgrade of an electronic item - a sports light-emitting diode display, adapting it to be compatible with external devices running the Android operating system, in accordance with cost projection applied via the target costing methodology. Doing a target costing calculation through the procedure proposed allows for functional differentiation of the given product, specifically to satisfy the requirements of potential customers at an acceptable market price.
Management control systems and strategy: A resource-based perspective
Abstract The aim of this study is to examine, from a resource-based perspective, the relationships between the use of management control systems (MCS) and organizational capabilities. More specifically, the study focuses on the diagnostic and interactive uses of one important aspect of MCS, namely performance measurement systems (PMS), and four capabilities leading to strategic choices (i.e., market orientation, entrepreneurship, innovativeness, and organizational learning). Three research questions are investigated in this study: (i) to what extent do the diagnostic and interactive uses of MCS contribute specifically to the creation and maintenance of capabilities leading to strategic choices? (ii) To what extent do the diagnostic and interactive uses of MCS act in combination to produce dynamic tension which contributes to the creation and maintenance of these capabilities? (iii) To what extent does the use of MCS contribute to organizational performance? The results suggest that an interactive use of PMS fosters the four capabilities by focusing organizational attention on strategic priorities and stimulating dialogue. Also, by creating constraints to ensure compliance with orders, the diagnostic use of PMS exerts negative pressure on these capabilities. Furthermore, some evidence suggests the influence of dynamic tension resulting from the balanced use of PMS in a diagnostic and interactive fashion on capabilities and performance.