Analysis of triallate residues in cereals and soil by gas chromatography with ion-trap detection.
Triallate residues in barley seedlings and soil samples were determined by gas chromatography with ion-trap detection. Soil was extracted with methanol on a mechanical shaker, and plants were extracted with acetonitrile in a Sorvall homogenizer. After evaporation of the organic solvents, the residue was dissolved in hexane, and plants extracts were cleaned-up on an alumina column. Gas chromatographic analysis was carried out using a BP-1 fused-silica capillary column with helium as carrier gas. To quantitate residues the total-ion chromatogram was obtained and then the selected-ion monitoring chromatograms were displayed at m/z 86 for triallate and at m/z 154 for the internal standard, methyl-(4-amino-2-chloro)-benzoate. The average recovery through the method from barley and soil samples was always higher than 80%. The limit of detection in the selected-ion mode was 0.01 mg/kg. Barley and soil samples treated with triallate were also analysed. A good agreement was observed between results obtained by this method and by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection.
Enhancement of wheat tolerance to triallaic with the safener MON 5501
Summary: Resume: Zusammenfassung 
The triallate tolerance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars Marius and Mexicali was determined under growth-chamber conditions. Mexicali was found to tolerate triallate at levels about fourfold higher than Marius. The susceptible wheat cultivar was protected against triallate by seed treatment with MON 5501. The herbicide concentration in the aerial part of the plants was determined by gas chromatography. Triallate levels were similar in both cultivars treated with 0.5 mg 1−1 of triallate. The safener did not affect the triallate content per plant in the susceptible wheat cultivar treated with 1 mg 1−1 of herbicide. 
 
Augmentation de la tolerance du ble au triallate avec le phytoprotecteur MON 5501 
 
La tolerance au triallate des cultivars de ble Marius et Mexicali a ete determinee en chambre climatique. Mexicali s'est avere 4 fois plus tolerant que Marius. Le cultivar de ble sensible a ete protege du triallate par un traitement des grains avec MON 5501. La concentration en herbicide dans la partie aerienne des plantes a ete determined par chromatographie gazeuse. Les taux de triallate ont ete equivalents chez les 2 cultivars traites avec 0,5 mg l−1 de triallate. Le phytoprotecteur n'a pas affecte lateneur en triallate par plante chez le cultivar sensible traite avec 1 mg 1−1 d'herbicide. 
 
Verbesserung der Toleranz von Weizen gegenuber Triallat mil dem Antidot MON 5501 
 
Die Triallat-Toleranz der Weizensorten ‘Marius’ und ‘Mexicali’ wurde im Phytotron bestimmt. ‘Mexicali’ war etwa 4mal toleranter als ‘Marius’. Die empfindliche Weizensorte wurde durch Beizung mit MON 5501 gegen Triallat geschutzt. Die Herbizidkonzentration in den oberirdischen Pflanzenteilen wurde gaschromatographisch bestimmt Der Wirkstoff-Gehalt war in beiden mit 0,5 mg 1−1 Triallat behandelten Sorten ahnlich hoch. Das Antidot hatte keinen Einfluβ auf den Triallat-Gehalt der empfindlichen Weizensorte, die mit 1 mg 1−1 behandelt worden war.
Antimicrobial activity in pulp extract of Neem(Azadirachta indica Linn.)
Antimicrobialactivityin leaf extract of neem ( Azadirachta indica ) against human pathogenic bacteria. E.coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus pumilus. Antimicrobia l activities of alcoholic extracts of neem leaves were used. Varying concent ration of each extracts 200mg/ml, 150 mg/ ml,100mg/ml, 50mg/ml, 25mg/ml prepared by using disc diffusion method. When compared with gentamycin 200mg and gentamycin 10mg, the methanol and ethanol extract shows maximum inhibition on Bacillus pumillus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureusin an asending order.