Non-invasive, energy-autonomous and wireless temperature sensor for the process industy
Temperature sensors for application in the process industry are typically mounted in a thermowell. These tubular fittings penetrate the surface of e.g. a pipe and allow to insert a temperature sensing element into the process medium. Although this invasive sensing is state-of-the-art, thermowells suffer from significant drawbacks: Any pipe penetration is a potential cause for leakage and the thermowell itself is prone to corrosion, abrasion and bending stress. Avoiding the thermowell by measuring temperature on the surface of the process container was so far not considered a widespread alternative to invasive sensing. The temperature of the surface is generally not considered representative for the temperature of the process medium. A surface sensor is strongly exposed to the ambient condition and, furthermore, the calibration of such a surface sensor is challenging. In this paper we demonstrate how to overcome these limitations by an optimized thermo-mechanical design and enhanced model-based sensing. In combination with energy autonomous operation and wireless communication our novel non-invasive sensor offers a remarkable flexibility enabling scenarios discussed within the context of internet of things (IoT).
Sensors as the Basis for Digitalization: New Approaches in Instrumentation, IoT-concepts, and 5G
Abstract The role of sensors and sensing concepts is reviewed and reflected in the context of digitalization, particularly of large automation systems. Process industries have been chosen as an example and starting point. Large-scale market driving forces are elaborated and a scenario for the proliferation of innovative sensors in process industries is proposed. Detailed requirements for future sensor systems are derived, both functional and non-functional, e.g. regarding communication capabilities and power supply. Examples of recent instrumentation developments are given, as well as several use cases for innovative sensing solutions. New communication options for integrating the sensors in automation systems are reviewed. Finally, specific 5G-related opportunities for new sensor applications are discussed.
Characterization of indoor photovoltaic devices and light
Indoor photovoltaic (ipv) is a growing market area due to increasing numbers of wireless sensor node networks in green and intelligent buildings. The sensor nodes should be powered without batteries or wiring in order to reduce cost. One of the most promising sources of energy is light. Results of radiometric measurements depend on the test environment. However, the expected irradiance is essential for the dimensioning of the required module area and a reliable operation. Ipv designers therefore need a tool to determine irradiance values for their applications. This paper presents a simulation method for indoor irradiance combining different models of user presence, and the ray tracing programs Radiance and DAYSIM. The authors analyze a best case and a worst case scenario. Typical values of irradiance for these scenarios, the influence of the latitude and of the orientation, of the contribution of electric light in dependence of user presence, and the required complexity of a simulation model are discussed. Based on these studies, the authors provide expectable power densities for ipv devices.