Absolute configuration of teucrin-A
ConclusionsThe absolute configuration of teucrin-A, a norditerpenoid fromTeucrium chamaedrys L. has been shown.
Circulardichroismus—X : Modifizierung der octantenregel für α,β-ungesättigte ketone: cisoide enone, dienone und arylketone
Zusammenfassung Der Cotton-Effekt linearer Dienone folgt den Regeln fur einfache Enone, bei (annahernder) Koplanaritat der CG—Doppelbindungen steigt die Elliptizitat starker an. Cisoide Cyclohexenone zeigen einen positiven (negativen) Circulardichroismus, wenn die Doppelbindung in einem positiven (negativen) Octanten liegt. Bei Arylketonen, die formal gleichzeitig cisoide und transoide Doppelbindungen enthalten, erganzen sich die beiden dafur geltenden Regeln. Auf gekreuzt konjugierte Dienone ist die ubliche Octantenregel anwendbar, solange keine Gruppen mit interferierenden π- oder p -Elektronen vorliegen, ansonsten liefert die Regel uber transoide Enone das richtige Vorzeichen des Cotton-Effekts.
Turkish Political Culture and Civil Society : an Unsettling Coupling?
This paper attempts to analyze Turkish politics in the post-1980 period with a special reference to the relationship among the state elites, political elites and societal actors and its impact on the constitution of civil society in Turkey. After the 1980 military intervention, the political and economic realms of Turkey witnessed a relative degree of liberalization through Uzal's neo-liberal policies. The January 24 economic decisions paved the way for economic liberalization as well as letting new economic and societal actors emerge. These new economic actors were different from the prevailing economic actors which used to enjoy having a considerable amount of opportunity spaces in the economic sphere. Together with the Uzal governments, Islamic segments started to become powerful in both political and economic realms. This paper analyses the chief traits of Turkish politics and economics and their impact upon civil society aftermath the 1980 coup in general, and the relationship and/or interaction among the state elites, political elites and societal actors in particular. The engagements of newly-emerging societal and economic actors into Turkish political scene and the challenge of these actors against the so-called 'Kemalist-Republican' elites are also illustrated in the paper. Moreover, state-Islam interaction, politics-Islam interaction as well as Kemalism-newly-emerging societal and economic actors interaction will be studied with a special emphasis to the post-1980 period. The major argument of the paper is that, in Turkey, both civil society issues and political issues reveal outcomes which are primarily shaped by the nature of the relationship between state elites and political elites in general and by Turkish political culture in particular.