Simulation, design and integration of 60 GHz Gallium Nitride transceiver into nano-ferrite circulator on-silicon CMOS substrate
In this work the design and integration of 60 GHz monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) transceiver using 0.15 um Gallium Nitride (GaN) Qorvo process that will support the Wireless Gigabit Alliance (WiGig)/802.11ad radio specifications will be presented. The wideband GaN Power Amplifier (PA) can operate at 60–65 GHz with output power of 27 dBm and large signal gain of 23.5 dB. The wideband Low Noise Amplifier (LNA) has a small signal gain of 16 dB with a noise figure (NF) of 1 dB. The GaN PA and LNA are integrated to a nano-ferrite on-silicon CMOS circulator to construct a single front-end transceiver module.
Highly robust X‐band quasi circulator‐integrated low‐noise amplifier for high survivability of radio frequency front‐end systems
In this brief, an X‐band quasi circulator (QC)‐integrated low‐noise amplifier (LNA) implemented in 65‐nm Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology is presented. This work is the first QC‐LNA for the X‐band to the author's best knowledge, which achieves 30‐dB flat gain in 8–12 GHz with only 0.5‐dB variation across the band. This QC‐LNA uses two‐stage current reused techniques with variable impedance load. QC provides the minimum insertion loss of 0.9 dB with good return and isolation losses. Statistical analysis is presented for QC‐LNA to predict the percentage error tolerance. Quasi‐Newton (QN) control algorithm is used to optimize the parameter of the whole design. The design of experiment (DoE) is performed to claim the contribution towards gain, return loss, and noise figure. The proposed LNA measurement provides a minimum NF of 1 dB at 9.5 GHz, which remains less than 1.4 dB across 8–12 GHz. The fabricated LNA works with a supply voltage of 1.2 V and is unconditionally stable across the frequency. The calculated chip area is 0.84 × 0.52 mm2. This QC‐LNA exhibits an input and output 1‐dB compression point (IP1dB and OP1dB) of −15 and +13.8 dBm, respectively. It also exhibits third‐order input and output intercept point (IIP3 and OIP3) of +10 dBm and of +40 dBm, respectively. The proposed QC‐LNA draws only 8.7 mA from 1.2 V.
The first ground cricket (Orthoptera: Trigonidiidae: Nemobiinae) from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber
Abstract A new genus and species, Birmaninemobius hirsutus gen. et sp. nov., is described on the basis of a well-preserved orthopteran specimen in mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber and attributed to the subfamily Nemobiinae (ground crickets) of the family Trigonidiidae (Grylloidea). As the first record of Nemobiinae from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber, this new taxon not only provides novel morphological diversity in ground crickets but also indicates that the ground crickets lived in Burma (Tethyan islands) as early as the mid-Cretaceous.