A Planar CMOS Field-Emission Vacuum Magnetic Sensor
We have fabricated a CMOS vacuum magnetic sensor that exploits the deflection of an electron beam produced by field emission by a perpendicular magnetic field. The device is planar and fabricated by conventional lithography and etching processes. An extremely high magnetic field sensitivity of 4times103%/T is reported.
Design of a complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible field-emission magnetic sensor with adjustable sensitivity
We report on the development of a practical realization of a vacuum magnetic sensor device. The proposed device differs from those proposed in previous work [M. I. Marques, P. A. Sarena, D. Nicolaescu, and A. Correia, Solid-State Electron. 45, 977 (2001); K. Uemura, S. Kanemaru, and J. Itoh, J. Micromech. Microeng. 11, 81 (2001)] in that it is lateral, with the cathode, gate, and anode electrodes all lying in a plane parallel to that of the silicon substrate. By using the ion trajectory modeling program SIMION, we show that this structure allows the sensor device to have a variable sensitivity mode of operation, in which the sensitivity can be controlled through application of a voltage to the device substrate. This device allows a magnetic sensing system to be created that can measure magnetic field strengths over many orders of magnitude.
A controlled, randomized trial of highly selective vagotomy versus selective vagotomy and pyloroplasty in the treatment of duodenal ulcer.
The results of highly selective vagotomy without drainage and selective vagotomy with pyloroplasty for duodenal ulcer were compared in a randomized, controlled trial of a series of 100 patients. The frequency of dumping, diarrhoea, and epigastric fullness was significantly lower after highly selective (6, 6, and 8 percent) than after selective vagotomy (30, 20, and 28 percent) one year after the operations. Recurrent and persisting duodenal ulcers appearing from one to four years after the operations were significantly more frequent after highly selective (22 percent) than after selective vagotomy (8 percent). No significant relationships were found between recurrent ulceration and gastric acid secretion measurements after the two operations. The Hollander response was early positive in 28 percent and late positive in 30 percent of the patients subjected to highly selective vagotomy, while the corresponding figures after selective vagotomy were 26 and 32 percent. The overall clinical results of the two operations were not different according to the classification of Visick. Excluding the patients with recurrence resulted in significantly better clinical results after highly selective vagotomy.