Research features of voltage static load characteristics in the electric system of Russia
At the present time using the standard (generalized) voltage static load characteristics which can differ from actual considerably is provided in software packages for calculations of the steady-state mode and steady-state stability (in the absence of exact data). Absence of the metering or the incorrect metering of the actual voltage static load characteristic, and also using the standard (generalized) static load characteristics could lead to considerable errors and the incorrect final results while making calculations. The definition experience of actual voltage static load characteristics in different ways made by authors is given in this paper: making tests in situ in electric power systems by allocation of energy area load or separately taken electric power substation to the isolated electric supply, load allocation of the power supply from the power plant generator; registration data using of crash conditions of the electric power system. Such test of actual voltage static load characteristics definition in electric system of Russia it is reduced by authors in making tests in situ technique. Error estimation which can appear in calculations of steady-state modes with the absence of the voltage actual load characteristics is executed.
Optimization algorithm of thermal power plants repair conditions
The paper presents an algorithm for optimizing the conditions of industrial thermal power plants in terms of repairs to their boiler units and turbine generators, which allows to determine the optimal composition of equipment removed for repair, taking into account the fuel used and the season. The algorithm is based on the dynamic programming method, which allows to set models of turbogenerators and boiler units in tabular form, which, when forming the equivalent characteristics of generators or boilers, allows simultaneous determination of the optimal condition of all equipment for a given electrical and / or thermal load of the power plant. The optimality criterion is the minimum of the total cost of the fresh steam needed to generate heat and power. The optimization algorithm and equipment models are specially adapted to the conditions of industrial power plants.
Mathematical Modeling of Scour and Deposition
Electronic computers are opening up the field of sedimentation engineering by permitting the analysis of problems which heretofore have required too much time and effort. Movable stream bed profiles are being calculated in addition to water surface profiles. The initial gradation of sediment material in the stream bed may be prescribed to facilitate the calculation of an armor layer. This gradation is continually changed by the computer program in response to sediment particles being deposited on the stream bed and material on the stream bed being removed to satisfy transport capacity. Hydraulic sorting of sediment by grain size is accomodated. The stream bed does not have to be represented by a single grain size. Retardance of motion because of armor layer is calculated.