Making Citizens Beyond the Borders
The decision to extend citizenship to nonresidents grows out of specific identity projects undertaken, most often, by right-wing governments and results in fluid and variable conditions of membership.
Citizenship and Belonging in Serbia: In the Crossfire of Changing Nationhood Narratives
Drawing on the idea that politics of citizenship mirror specific ideas of nationhood, this paper aims to show how the changing citizenship regimes in Serbia translate the varying narratives and perceptions of nationhood into the realities of political community. The first part of the paper offers a short historical overview of the citizenship regimes practiced in Serbia, with an emphasis upon the socialist regime and the Milosevic regime of the 1990s. Apart from providing necessary historical context, this section offers an insight into the important themes and topoi of Serbian nationhood narratives and their legal and political emanations. The second part deals with post-2000 Serbia and changes within the legal framing of citizenship status as well as the changes (or, in some respects, only partial changes) in the overall political climate. The third section of the paper shows how the current citizenship regime and dominant political narrative imagine Serbia’s political community and accordingly manage groups and identities. Finally, the last segment of the paper briefly discusses the impact of Europeanisation taken both as a process of a political transformation and as a new emerging transformative discourse.
The Citizenship Law of the USSR
I. Introduction.- 1. Constitutional Basis.- 2. Historical Background.- Notes.- II. Sources. Federal Citizenship and Republican Citizenship.- 1. Sources.- 2. Federal Citizenship and Republican Citizenship.- Notes.- III. Legislative Basis. Recognition. Marriage. Residence abroad. Extradition.- 1. Legislative Basis.- 2. Recognition.- 3. Citizenship and Marriage.- 4. Residence Abroad.- 5. Extradition.- Notes.- IV. Dual Nationality.- I. General Principles.- II. Conflicts-in-Law Portfolio.- 1. At Birth A. Jus Sanguinis.- B. Jus Soli Versus Jus Sanguinis.- C. Agreement of the Parents Versus Jus Sanguinis and Jus Soli.- 2. Naturalization A. Primary Naturalization.- B. Derivative Naturalization.- 3. Marriage.- 4. Minors A. Adoption.- B. Legitimation and Quasi-Legitimation.- Notes.- V. Dual Nationality and Soviet Diplomatic and Treaty Practice.- Notes.- VI. Statelessness as a Consequence of the Conflict of Nationality Laws (Part I).- I. Conflicts-in-Law Varietals of Statelessness.- 1. Failure to Acquire Nationality at Birth.- A. Jus Soli Versus Jus Sanguinis.- B. Child of Stateless Parents.- C. Foundlings.- D. Illegitimate Children.- a. Paternity.- b. Legitimation.- 2. Stateless Minors.- A. Change of Nationality of Parents.- B. Adoption.- Notes.- VII. Statelessness as a Consequence of the Conflict of Nationality Laws (Part II).- Statelessness as a Result of Marriage.- A. At the Time of Marriage.- B. During and at the Dissolution of Marriage.- II. Legislative and Diplomatic Practice.- Notes.- VIII. Acquisition of Ussr Citizenship.- 1. Grounds for Acquiring USSR Citizenship.- 2. Acquisition of USSR Citizenship by Birth.- 3. Acquisition of USSR Citizenship by Children of Stateless Persons.- 4. Foundlings.- 5. Admission to the Citizenship of the USSR.- Notes.- IX. Loss and Restoration of Soviet Citizenship.- 1. Grounds for Losing USSR Citizenship.- 2. Exit from Soviet Citizenship.- 3. Deprivation of USSR Citizenship.- 4. Restoration of USSR Citizenship.- Notes.- X. Status of Minors.- 1. When Both Parents Change Citizenship.- 2. When One Parent Acquires USSR Citizenship.- 3. When One Parent Leaves USSR Citizenship.- 4. Adoption and Acquisition of USSR Citizenship.- 5. Adoption of Soviet Children by Foreign Citizens.- Notes.- XI. Procedural Format.- 1. Background.- 2. Current Legislation.- A. Certification of Soviet Citizenship.- B. Admission, Renunciation, Restoration and Deprivation.- Notes.- XII. Emigration and Immigration.- A. The Chinese Case.- B. The Korean Question.- C. The Jewish Problem.- a. Restrictions on Emigration.- b. Possibility of Appeal.- c. Nationality Criterion.- d. Family Reunion Principle.- e. Character Reference and Family Permission.- f. Reimbursement for Higher Education.- g. Renunciation of Citizenship.- h. Returning to the USSR.- i. Detente and Emigration.- j. Helsinki and After.- Notes.- XIII. The New Soviet Citizenship Law and Human Rights.- 1. Universal Declaration of Human Rights.- 2. International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.- 3. Convention on the Nationality of Married Women.- 4. Convention on the Reduction of Statelessness.- 5. Final Act of the Helsinki Conference.- Notes.- Selective Bibliography.- A. Books.- B. Articles.