El "exilio del libro": una perspectiva desde la literatura erótica
The destiny suffered by Renaissance and Golden Age erotic works is an excellent example that shows the ways in which written thought has managed to survive the attempts directed at its destruction. The different forms of evasion in order to hide the delicate erotic contents can be compared to a form of exile, from where erotic literature has only recently come back. But the return from oblivion was a slow and not linear one. The attitude of society and investigation has been variable and has played a considerable role in the recovery of writings that had been sent away to exile ages ago by censorship.
Monkey Business in Carajicomedia: The Parody of Fray Ambrosio Montesino as "Fray Bugeo"
Carajicomedia, an anonymous parodic poem of 92 stanzas published in 1519, tells the story of Diego Fajardo, an old man who has lost his sexual potency and searches for its restoration. The poem is attributed to a fictional author called Fray Bugeo Montesino, but it is filtered through the hands of an anonymous glosser who claims to have “corrected” Carajicomedia. However, both putative authors are probably the creation of the same person. This paper reveals why that person attributes the poem to someone named Fray “Bugeo” Montesino. Carajicomedia begins with a letter to a “muy magnifico señor” describing the circumstances under which the glosser found the poem: “Como vn dia entre otros muchos oradores me hallase en la copiosa libreria del colegio del señor sant estrauagante / donde al presente resido leyendo vnos sermones del deuoto padre fray Bugeo montesino. Halle la presente obra que este Reuerendo padre copilo para su recreacion despues que corregio el Cartuxano” (Varo 98). Based on the information in this letter, scholars have rightly concluded that Fray Ambrosio Montesino (1444?1512 / 13) is the person parodized as Fray Bugeo. Besides sharing a common last name, Fray Ambrosio wrote several works that the poem attributes to Fray Bugeo. In 1502 / 1503, he published a translation of Landulphus of Saxony’s Vita Christi titled Vita cristi cartuxano romanaçado por fray Ambrosio, which was known as “el Cartuxano.” He also wrote some sermons that were later included in a 1525 edition of another of his translations, Epistolas y evangelios por todo el año (1512; Álvarez
High-frequency hearing thresholds: effects of age, occupational ultrasound and noise exposure
AbstractPurpose
It has been suggested that high-frequency audiometry (HFA) could represent a useful preventive measure in exposed workers. The aim was to investigate the effects of age, ultrasound and noise on high-frequency hearing thresholds.MethodsWe tested 24 industrial ultrasound-exposed subjects, 113 industrial noise-exposed subjects and 148 non-exposed subjects. Each subject was tested with both conventional-frequency (0.125–8 kHz) and high-frequency (9–18 kHz) audiometry.ResultsThe hearing threshold at high frequency deteriorated as a function of age, especially in subjects more than 30 years old. The ultrasound-exposed subjects had significantly higher hearing thresholds than the non-exposed ones at the high frequencies, being greatest from 10 to 14 kHz. This hearing loss was already significantly evident in subjects with exposure <5 years and increased with years of exposure and advancing age. The noise exposure group had significantly higher hearing thresholds than the non-exposed group at the conventional frequencies 4 and 6 kHz and at the high frequency of 14 kHz. After stratification for age, there was a significant difference between the two groups at 9–10 and 14–15 kHz only for those under 30 years of age.ConclusionMultivariate analysis indicated that age was the primary predictor, and noise and ultrasound exposure the secondary predictors of hearing thresholds in the high-frequency range. The results suggest that HFA could be useful in the early diagnosis of noise-induced hearing loss in younger groups of workers (under 30 years of age).
