Research on large color difference evaluation using printed samples
A grey-scale psychophysical experiment was carried out for evaluating color differences using printed color patches. In total, 100 pairs of printed samples were prepared with an average ΔE*ab of 13.8 units. Each pair was assessed 60 times by a panel of 20 normal color vision observers. The visual results were used to test the existing color-difference formulae. The results showed that all formulae gave quite satisfactory performance except OSA-Ep-Gu, which is the formula for calculating the magnitude of small-medium color difference. The optimized kL values were used to compare with the medium color difference (MCD) of the earlier studies. The results showed that they agreed well with each other.
Euclidean color-difference formula for small-medium color differences in log-compressed OSA-UCS space.
This work continues previous research by the same authors [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A23, 2077 (2006)], where empirical small-medium color differences were represented by an ellipsoidal equation DeltaEGP in the Uniform Color System of the Optical Society of America. Now logarithmic compressions on chroma and lightness are introduced to produce a new space with Euclidean color-difference formulas DeltaEE. The CIEDE2000, DeltaEGP, and DeltaEE formulas are found statistically equivalent in the prediction of many available empirical datasets. However, DeltaEE is the simplest formula providing relationships with visual processing. These analyses hold true for CIE 1964 Supplementary Standard Observer and D65 illuminant.
Spatial distribution of root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) in a long-term no-till cropping system and their relationship with soil and landscape properties
The Cook Agronomy Farm of Washington State University is a long-term precision agriculture study site. Since 2000, the farm has been in various three-year no-till rotations with winter wheat, spring wheat, and various rotation crops such as barley, canola, peas, lentils, and chickpea. The spatial distribution of root lesion nematodes (Pratylenchus spp.) and their relationships with soil and terrain variables were studied by collecting soil samples at 127 and 124 geo-referenced points in two 12-ha fields during the spring of 2010 and 2011, respectively. Pratylenchus spp. were detected in more than 85% of the sampled locations in both fields. Nematode densities spatially mapped using ArcGIS software occurred in an aggregated pattern. Previous rotation crops had no effect on the spatial distribution. Classification and regression tree analysis (CART) using soil and terrain variables, and nematode density, explained 61 and 34% of the variability associated with nematode density in 2010 and 2011, respectively. Soil edaphic factors, such as organic matter, were stronger predictors of nematode populations than rotation effects.