Sawdust composts in soil improvement
As indicated in a previous paper 2) the use of wood wastes in soil improvement has received considerable attention lately. Composting seems to offer large possibilities for avoiding the adverse effects of fresh sawdust and to utilize the potentialities of sawdust as a soil builder in the best fashion. The literature on composting of various waste products has been listed and reviewed very comprehensively i n t w 0 recent publications 1). The investigations rePorted here are preliminary tests of methods of composting sawdust and tests of the resulting materials on plant growth in greenhouse pot cultures.
Field plot studies with sawdust for soil improvement
SummaryHeavy application of fresh and rotted sawdust to field plots in comparison to manure and untreated control plots showed no significant difference in yields of corn over a four year period. The soil type was coarse textured and poor in nutrients at the start. However, the total yields for the rotted sawdust plots were consistently greater each year than those for the other treatments, thus possibly indicating a trend of benefit for the rotted sawdust treatments. Total yields for the fresh sawdust were close to those for the controls.Heavy applications of fertilizer, especially nitrogen, were necessary the first three years, but only a rather light application was necessary the fourth year.Soil moisture determinations indicate that all of the organic materials tend to prevent pronounced fluctuations in moisture levels, the rotted sawdust most of all.
Translating Legal Language and Comparative Law
Legal texts are in the focus of both lawyers and translators. This paper discusses the binary opposition of these two views especially in the light of contract law. There is one crucial epistemic difference between the point of view of the translator and the lawyer when it comes to the interpretation of legal texts. In the translator’s view legal text is traditionally conceived as static as to its nature; something that already exists in the form of text. Traditionally, the translator is interested in the text itself as it was written down in a document, i.e. the translator needs to go back to the frozen moment when a legal document was constructed and finalised. The lawyer, in contrast, is very much interested not only in the text of the legal document but also in the contextual surroundings of the text. In fact, for legal interpretation, sometimes the key-elements for the interpretation come from outside of the text itself. This paper concludes that legal translation is in many cases closer to transcreation than it is to traditionally understood translation.