The CESL as a European Brand - Paypalizing European Contract Law
According to the Commission, the main political goal behind the Common European Sales Law (CESL) is advancing cross-border trade between EU member states, thereby helping to further establish and strengthen a common market within the EU. The CESL is chosen and even symbolized by an already legendary blue button that consumers have to push in order to opt into the new European law. However, the blue button is more than a mere technicality: It aims at increasing consumer trust in cross-border trade by using the (expectedly) positive signaling effect of the European brand. Thus, if traders know that consumers are more likely to engage in cross-border trade on the basis of the CESL than by relying on a national contract law, offering to contract on this basis will be attractive to them for precisely this reason. If a CESL offer can be expected to increase consumers’ trust in a prospective transaction, traders will be able to use such an offer as a marketing instrument. A similar branding strategy is known from the US online payment service PayPal who has established its “payment trust button” already a decade ago. The present article deals with the question to what extent PayPal’s success story can be transferred to European contract law and what lessons the European legislator can learn from it. Could the CESL with its blue button potentially become a new, PayPal-like mechanism for consumer protection by creating and strengthening consumer trust in cross-border trade?
Prevention of crime Retailers / Banks protect Activities
Online shopping and banking institutes frequently used over the Internet. With have grown dramatically. Customer trust Both buyers and sellers are vulnerable and sellers should consider protecting themselves should do to minimize their customer's deficiencies in online shopping and online may apply to minimize the risk of criminal
Flow and Compaction During the Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding Process
The flow of an epoxy resin and compaction behavior of carbon fiber preform during vacuum- assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) infiltration was measured using an instrumented tool. Composite panels were fabricated by the VARTM process using SAERTEX(R)2 multi-axial non- crimp carbon fiber fabric and the A.T.A.R.D. SI-ZG-5A epoxy resin. Resin pressure and preform thickness variation was measured during infiltration. The effects of the resin on the compaction behavior of the preform were measured. The local preform compaction during the infiltration is a combination of wetting and spring-back deformations. Flow front position computed by the 3DINFIL model was compared with the experimental data.