Academic Freedom: A Bibliography
Academic freedom is a subject with many facets: academic freedom of public and private school teachers, of university professors, of universities themselves, and of students. In this bibliography, I have concentrated on articles about academic freedom at a post-secondary level. There are some articles concerning the academic freedom of universities, but most deal with professors. Because this issue celebrates the fiftieth anniversary of the 1940 Statement of Principles on Academic Freedom and Tenure, I have examined publications only from 1940 to the present. The books included are those that focus mainly on academic freedom, rather than those with only a small section on that topic. The articles deal with the legal aspects of academic freedom, and almost all are from legal periodicals.' All materials are in English and concern academic freedom issues in the United States. Within the criteria stated above, I have tried to be comprehensive in my search for materials. I have searched both through the legal journal indexes and through the footnotes of the articles themselves. Omitted entirely are articles about specific challenges to academic freedom reported on in the journal of the American Association of University Professors, at different times called Academe and the AA UP Bulletin. The association has devoted much space to particular academic freedom cases, and anyone interested in these reports need only look at individual issues of the journal.
Intramural Musings on Academic Freedom: A Reply to Professor Finkin
On my way to last October's Symposium on Academic Freedom, I came across a crew of painters busily repainting the walls outside of the dean's office. These painters, employees of The University of Texas, were rather erudite types and, while rolling away at the walls and rearranging their tarpaulins, they were discussing their concerns and dissatisfactions with their plight and the direction of the university. I believe their story is relevant to the questions raised by Professor Finkin' about the scope of academic freedom. One painter, a rather crusty fellow well along in years, remarked that, due to the tremendous workload, the Division of Physical Plant gave painters no opportunity for personal development. Things were so rushed that he did not have the time to do a professionally satisfying job-to paint with the perspective of an artist. He lamented that he felt like a hireling or servant, and he was angered by his own cowardice in the face of his "corruption by the institution." These remarks provoked a response from a second painter, a young woman who only recently had taken up painting for a living. She complained that she had never received any guidance on how well she painted, and she questioned whether there were intelligible standards for evaluating her work. She tended to emphasize "brush work" over rollers, but she worried that her style might stifle advancement opportunities. A third painter piped in that his biggest complaint was the decline in hiring standards and the failure to recruit top-notch painters to the university. Too many recent recruits were just working for the money and had no sense of pride in their work. They were careless with the tarpaulins and were unconcerned if drops of paint fell on the furniture. They were pitiful when it came to safety. He thought it just a matter of time until a bucket of paint, precariously hanging from a ladder, fell on some unsuspecting professor.
Measurement and Demonstration of Thermal Expansion Coefficient
There are many classroom demonstrations, such as the ball-and-ring experiment, for showing the existence of thermal expansion of solids. The coefficient of linear expansion α (= increase in length divided by the original length times the change in temperature) may be measured in high school laboratories using a number of methods.1–4 In this paper we describe an especially simple experiment for determining α for a metal rod. It is based on the well-known optical lever method and is suitable for either a laboratory experiment or a classroom exercise.