TREATMENT OF PARBOILED RICE MANUFACTURING WASTEWATER USINGANAEROBIC FIXED FILM FIXED BED REACTOR PACKED WITH SPECIAL MEDIA
Studies on bench scale reactors packed with two different media matrix – Biopac media and Fugino spirals were undertaken to determine the performance at various organic loading rate (OLR) and on one day hydraulic retention time (HRT). Parboiled rice mill wastewater depicted a COD/BOD ratio of 1.6 indicating good degradable nature of the wastewater. Four different organic loadings of 0.8, 1.6, 2.4 and 3.2 kg COD/m3/day were studied in detail. The results indicated BOD and COD removals in the range of 83.0-92.7% and 80.2-89.0% respectively with respect to Biopac media while it ranged between 79.4–90.6% and 76.7–86.1% respectively in case of Fugino spiral media. It is very clear from the results that, Biopac media packed fixed film reactor gave efficient removals compared to Fugino spiral media packed reactor. Volatile acid concentration was well within the congenial range in both the reactors and volatile acid to alkalinity ratio remained well below 0.8 indicating good performance of the reactors. pH of the treated effluent was in the range of 7.1–7.3 indicating good buffering in the system. Daily gas production was measured. This paper discusses in detail the feasibility of upflow anaerobic fixed film fixed bed reactors packed with special media matrix in treating the parboiled rice manufacturing wastewater. Comparative performance of two special media matrix i.e. Fugino Spirals and Special Ultraviolet Stabilized Biopac media in the treatment of parboiled rice manufacturing wastewater has been studied in detail.
Basic concept of parboiling of paddy
Abstract An attempt has been made to explain the process of parboiling of paddy with reference to some experimental results that are presented here. The physico-chemical changes which take place during parboiling are also discussed.
Athenian Democracy at War
Classical Athens perfected direct democracy. The plays of this ancient Greek state are still staged today. These achievements are rightly revered. Less well known is the other side of this success story. Democratic Athens completely transformed warfare and became a superpower. The Athenian armed forces were unmatched in size and professionalism. This book explores the major reasons behind this military success. It shows how democracy helped the Athenians to be better soldiers. For the first time David M. Pritchard studies, together, all four branches of the armed forces. He focuses on the background of those who fought Athens' wars and on what they thought about doing so. His book reveals the common practices that Athens used right across the armed forces and shows how Athens' pro-war culture had a big impact on civilian life. The book puts the study of Athenian democracy at war on an entirely new footing.