A quadratic programming model of the Appalachian steam coal market
Abstract The authors report on an extension of recent modelling efforts to analyse the Appalachian steam coal market using a programming approach. The background to these modelling efforts is examined first. The particular aspects of the steam coal market to be modelled are then presented and the corresponding coal model described. Empirical results are analysed for the 1973 base solution and then compared to alternative solutions embodying variations in the parametric structure. Conclusions are drawn regarding potential policy applications.
Coal Price Projections in the Coal Market Module of the National Energy Modeling System
The strong pace of improvement in coal industry labor productivity has been a major reason for the decline in coal minemouth prices that has taken place since 1979. The Annual Energy Outlook 2000 (AEO2000) forecast projects that labor productivity on a national basis will improve on average at a rate of 2.3 percent per year between 1998 and 2020, declining from an annual rate of 6.1 percent achieved over the 1988 to 1997 period. This paper examines the components of past gains in productivity, including regional shifts, the exit of less productive producers, and technological progress. Future prospects for continuing productivity gains at sustained, but lower, rates of improvement are discussed.
Hispanic marketing : connecting with the new latino consumer
* Cultural Marketing: A new understanding * The Composition of the Hispanic/Latino market * The Latino Essense of "Hispanic" * Language Considerations in Marketing to US Hispanics * Enculturation, Acculturation, and Assimilation: A Bicultural Horizon * Latino Subjective Culture: Insights for Positioning * Culturally Informed Research among Latinos * The U.S. Hispanic Marketing Industry * The Digital World of U.S. Latinos * Latino Consumers and the Future of U.S. Marketing