Price Responsiveness of Marketed Surplus of Wheat in Pakistan
The crucial. role of the marketed surplus of foodgrains in the process of development has been generally recognized. A knowledge of the determinants of.the marketed quantities of food is essential for designing price and tax policies for the agricultural sector. This knowledge is required for estimating the food availability for the urban sector and for forecasting the required level of foodgrains imports in anyone year. In the caSe of crops wbich are wholly or almost wholly marketed the elasticities of output and market supply can be regarded as approximately equal. But in the case of crops a substantial part of whose output is retained by peasants for self consumption, the responsiveness of the marketed surplus must be measured separately from tbe responsiveness of output. Food crops in Pakistan constitute a major part of farm production and almost sixty per cent of grain output is. consumed by farm families themselves.
The Political Economy of Agricultural
This study is premised on the proposition that economic research on agriculture in Pakistan has concentrated on narrow and technocratic aspects without reference to the structure of production relations among various and contending classes of farmers. The paper identifies thiee major and so far largely unexplored areas of agricultural research, viz. set of relationships among farm groups and their impact on agricultural production and income distribution, measurement and interpretation of participation by these groups in production activities in the private and public sectors, and the land tax system and its effect on issues of growth and equity.
A STUDY ON ORGANIZED RETAILING AND ITS CHALLENGES AND RETAIL CUSTOMER SERVICES
India is becoming most favored retail destination in the world. Today retail sector contributing 10% to countryâ€™s GDP. Indian retail industry is ranked among the ten largest retail markets in the world. The change of attitudes of Indian consumers and the emergence of organized retail formats have transformed the face of retailing in India. Organized retailing offers huge potential for future growth of retailing in India. This paper provides information about the growth of retailing in India. And also focuses on the challenges faced by organized retail sector in India. It also emphasize on major players of retailers in India and customer services provided by the retailers. This paper also deals with various retail formats and the opportunities for the growth of retail industry in India and also provides some suggestions to overcome the challenges.