Investigation of Effects of Mig Welding on Corrosion Behaviour of AISI 1010 Carbon Steel
This paper presents the corrosion behaviour of welded low carbon steel at different welding voltages and filler materials. The welding process was conducted on butt joint 
specimens using the metal inert gas (MIG) technique at a welding voltage range of 19 to 21 V with 1 V interval, and the filler materials used were ER 308L and ER 70S-6 with 
1.2 mm diameter. Heat treatment through full annealing was done to the welded low carbon steel, and the corrosion behaviour was tested using a synthetic seawater 
environment with 3.5 wt% NaCl. Microstructure changes were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The results showed that the corrosion rate decreased when the welding voltage increased, as it directly affected the welding heat input. The welding heat input was found to have a significant effect on the corrosion rate as it changed the ferrite content in the microstructure of the specimens. Decrease in the corrosion rate was also found when the full annealing process was done to the 
specimens and ER 308L filler material was used. From a metallographic study, iron oxides and pitting were found on the surface of the exposed area after the corrosion test. 
It is apparent that the combination of higher welding voltage, heat treatment and the use of ER 308L filler material can reduce the corrosion rate of AISI 1010 carbon steel.
Atmospheric corrosion of structural steels exposed in the 2004 tsunami-affected areas of aceh
Aceh province located at the northwestern tip of Sumatra Island in Indonesia has a coastal environment and a coastline of around 1660 km. Banda Aceh, Aceh Besar, and Aceh Barat are among the districts of Aceh Province located on those coastlines. The earthquake and tsunami that struck Aceh in December 2004 caused much of these districts to be submerged by seawater. Thus, the environment of these areas might become more corrosive. This study investigates atmospheric corrosion of structural steels exposed to the environment by the 2004 tsunami. Some typical structural steels, which have five different shapes, were selected for the test. Atmospheric corrosion tests were employed by referring to ASTM G50 standards. Eight locations were selected as the test sites: Peukan Bada, Ulee Lheu, Lingke, Lampulo, Suak Ribee, Suak Pandan, Suak Seuke, and Suak Geudebang. Following a six-month exposure, experimental results show that the atmospheric corrosion rate for Peukan Bada, Ulee Lheu, Lingke, Lampulo, Suak Ribee, Suak Pandan, Suak Seuke, and Suak Geudebang was 0.043– 5.451 mpy, 0.035–3.804 mpy, 0.058–5.332 mpy, 0.045–9.727 mpy, 0.265–3.957 mpy, 0.073–2.970 mpy, 0.090–4.101 mpy, and 0.380–6.379 mpy, respectively. The results show that the relative corrosion resistances for all structural steels exposed in these areas can be categorized as good to outstanding. Hence, it is safe to utilize the selected structural steels regarding their atmospheric corrosion resistance.
New records of Grania (Clitellata, Enchytraeidae) in the Northeast Atlantic (from Tromsø to the Canary Islands), with descriptions of seven new species
Previous northeast Atlantic records of Grania have been mainly from Germany, southern Scandinavia, and the Atlantic shores of France, Spain and Ireland. They were referred to eight species, with one, G. atlantica, reported from the continental slope. We have examined various unpublished collections from sources spanning from the Canary Islands to the Norwegian Arctic. Apart from new information on morphology, taxonomy, and distribution of known species, we describe seven new taxa (G. canaria, G. fortunata, G. mauretanica, G. aquitana, G. vikinga, G. torosa, and G. papillinasus). The collection of G. papillinasus from 2630-2885 m represents a new depth record for Enchytraeidae. Twenty-five of the now 57 Grania species occur in the North Atlantic. The North Atlantic drift moderates sea temperatures along the northeast Atlantic coasts, probably facilitating the wide latitudinal range of some taxa, as well as actual dispersal within the region. A "chaetal index" (chaetal length : chaetal foot length) is proposed to differentiate L-shaped chaetae at the species level. Complex relationships within the "type 6 group" of Grania suggest that groupings established using certain combinations of penial, chaetal and spermathecal patterns may not be monophyletic. For a better phylogenetic resolution, additional morphological details of these and other characters are needed.