Farmer–herder conflicts and water governance in a semi-arid region of Africa
Sedentary farmers in the Volta Basin are endangering the activity of transhumant herders relying on grazing ranges between 9° and 11°N. Despite mutual benefits, farmers try to deny them access to water and thereby the possibility to graze their stock on crop residues. This new behaviour is changing the geographical distribution of traditional activities and risks endangering herding activity, a leading economic resource in these regions. Meeting livestock watering requirements is thus a matter of local conflict resolution and good governance. Countries should be encouraged to adopt legislation to maintain or even promote the mobility of herding activities.
Moving Through and Passing On: Fulani Mobility, Survival and Identity in Ghana
Based on eighteen months of ethnographic fieldwork, Oppong uses detailed case studies and over two hundred individual life histories, to explore issues of mobility and identity among this geographically dispersed group. Using perspectives and insights gained from oral life histories, private and public ceremonies, and ethnic associations, the author examines the sites and circumstances in which people profess to being the same or different from one another.
Income Growth and International Meat Consumption
With technological adoption and trade liberalization, per capita incomes have grown rapidly in industrialized countries. Income growth has resulted in increased per capita meat consumption. Projecting future meat consumption requires quantifying the relationship between per capita income and meat consumption. This study estimates the relationship between income growth and meat consumption using data from 32 countries. Beef, pork, poultry, and lamb income elasticities declined at different rates as income levels increased. High income countries have experienced relatively constant per capita meat consumption. Low income counmes with low income growth have had stagnant meat consumption. Low income countries with growing incomes have experienced increasing meat consumption. Countries such as China characterized by relatively large income growth and moderate population growth have experienced large increases in total meat consumption.