INTERNAL MIGRATION IN TURKEY, 1965–1985: TEST OF CONFLICTING FINDINGS IN THE LITERATURE
The purpose of this paper is to bring new insights to some of the conflicting findings in the migration literature about developing countries by using detailed analyses of Turkish migration data. The possible reasons behind inconsistencies in the findings are explained in terms of spatial and temporal characteristics of the data, and by national macro factors (mainly the level of urbanization and the characteristics of the urban systems). Tested were rural outâ€ migration and push factors; changes in the size of ruralâ€ toâ€ urban and urbanâ€ toâ€ rural return migration; the effect of distance; and the share and effect of ruralâ€ toâ€ urban migration in the urban growth and in the unbalanced population distribution in developing countries.
Labor-Market Consequences of Internal Migration in Turkey
During the past 30 years, Turkey has undergone profound economic and social transformations, including fundamental shifts from a state-oriented economy to a market-oriented economy, large-scale modernization investments in telecommunication and transportation services, and low-intensity ongoing armed conflict concentrated in the country’s southeastern region. For such a period, using the 1990 and 2000 Turkish censuses, I evaluated the labor-market consequences of internal migration that might have been sparked by such significant economic and social changes. Overall, the results suggest that provinces with a higher share of recent migrants may observe decreases in their native population’s labor-market opportunities. While this adverse impact of the recent migrant inflows remains robust, it exhibits heterogeneity with respect to the skill level of natives, as well as for the labor-market outcomes of different native and migrant groups.
The Urbanization of the Third World
Introduction. Part 1 The urban transition in the Third World: Urban growth in developing countries. Part 2 The neglect and exploitation of the rural masses: Let us pay heed to the peasant why poor people stay poor. Part 3 The urban labour market and migration: The migrant response in Central Peru overurbanization reconsidered migration and urban surplus labour rural contract labour in urban Chinese industry. Part 4 Housing for the urban masses: Land for the rich, land for the poor approaches to low-income housing in the Third World. Part 5 Making a living in the city: Working in the streets how women and men get by the changing fortunes of a Jakarta street-trader. Part 6 The social organization of urban dwellers: Becoming an urbanite the social and economic organization of a Mexican shanty town social control and rehabilitation in urban China. Part 7 Patterns of political integration and conflict: The politics of conformity in Mexico City political bosses and strong-arm retainers in the Sunni Muslim quarters of Beirut the politics of ethnicity in contemporary African towns squatters and the state in Latin America urban labour movements under authoritarian capitalism in the southern cone and Brazil, 1964-1983 the urban character of contemporary revolutions.