El MERCOSUR en la segunda década del siglo XXI: bases y alcances del regionalismo estratégico
The aim of this article is to outline the basis on which to build the MERCOSUR regional process in the present. The theme is central to the process of integration because current databases are based on a modification of thematic priorities and a questioning of the previous model of the nineties. For the analysis of the current basis MERCOSUR part of a brief presentation of the process in the nineties. It includes analysis of the transition that takes place in the XXI century, the details of which are defined by purposeful agreements initialled Lula and Kirchner. The new governments, questioning the neoliberal model of the nineties, there were consequences for the regional bloc, which is expressed in the 2004-2006 Work Program. The implementation of this program decisions that were made possible by designing a different, more politicized MERCOSUR and other priorities on the agenda. The analysis of the political and institutional axis of the shaft relative to external relations enables operation and display the orientation of the block. It is from this analysis that the present basis arise as differential elements in relation to MERCOSUR past century. It also advances the scope of the regional process which includes political, economic, social, cultural and civic dimension.
Las relaciones Brasil-Estados Unidos: al compás de nuevas coincidencias
En los ultimos anos se han podido observar cambios en la relacion entre Brasil y Estados Unidos en diversas areas. Aunque este proceso tiene caracteristicas especificas que remiten a la historia de este vinculo bilateral, es importante analizarlo en el marco de las transformaciones del sistema internacional y, especialmente, de la politica exterior de Estados Unidos desde septiembre de 2001
Turkish Political Culture and Civil Society : an Unsettling Coupling?
This paper attempts to analyze Turkish politics in the post-1980 period with a special reference to the relationship among the state elites, political elites and societal actors and its impact on the constitution of civil society in Turkey. After the 1980 military intervention, the political and economic realms of Turkey witnessed a relative degree of liberalization through Uzal's neo-liberal policies. The January 24 economic decisions paved the way for economic liberalization as well as letting new economic and societal actors emerge. These new economic actors were different from the prevailing economic actors which used to enjoy having a considerable amount of opportunity spaces in the economic sphere. Together with the Uzal governments, Islamic segments started to become powerful in both political and economic realms. This paper analyses the chief traits of Turkish politics and economics and their impact upon civil society aftermath the 1980 coup in general, and the relationship and/or interaction among the state elites, political elites and societal actors in particular. The engagements of newly-emerging societal and economic actors into Turkish political scene and the challenge of these actors against the so-called 'Kemalist-Republican' elites are also illustrated in the paper. Moreover, state-Islam interaction, politics-Islam interaction as well as Kemalism-newly-emerging societal and economic actors interaction will be studied with a special emphasis to the post-1980 period. The major argument of the paper is that, in Turkey, both civil society issues and political issues reveal outcomes which are primarily shaped by the nature of the relationship between state elites and political elites in general and by Turkish political culture in particular.