FTIR examination of preservative retention in beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.)
A method of FTIR examination of preservative retention in beech wood structure was developed. Beech wood samples of different preservative content were prepared using low pressure preservation process in laboratory conditions. Then samples were homogenized in a laboratory mill and measurements were performed using FTIR spectrometer with attenuated total reflectance unit. Pure preservative was also measured and from its spectrum 1,555 cm−1 absorption band was chosen as the characteristic for preservative. 1,027 and 1,370 cm−1 were absorption bands characteristic for wood which were chosen as reference peaks. Values of two absorbance ratios, A1,555/A1,027 and A1,555/A1,370 were correlated with the preservative content in particular samples. Correlation coefficients were 0.8390 and 0.8313, respectively.

 Influence of dipping time on uptake of preservative solution, adsorption, penetration and fixation of copper-ethanolamine
 based wood preservatives

AbstractCopper-ethanolamine based wood preservatives are the most important products for protection of wood
 in use class III and IV applications. These preservatives can be applied using different procedures. One
 of them is dipping, a method which is predominantly used in less industrialised countries. The most
 important parameter, that influences the quality of this treatment, is dipping time. Influence of various
 dipping times on copper retention, adsorption, penetration, colour of the specimens and copper fixation
 was examined. In this paper copper-ethanolamine solutions of two different concentrations were utilised
 (cCu=0.05% or 0.25%). The results showed that longer dipping treatments resulted
 in higher uptakes of preservative solution, better penetrations and lower leaching of copper-ethanolamine
 based wood preservatives from Norway spruce wood. After one week of dipping, samples retained on average
 275 kg/m3 of preservative solution, copper active ingredients penetrated
 on average 3 mm into the specimens, and only 2.3% of copper was emitted from wood impregnated with
 aqueous solution of the higher concentration, when subjected to ENV 1250 leaching procedure.
 ZusammenfassungKupferethanolamin basierte Holzschutzmittel sind die wichtigsten Produkte zum Schutz von Holz in
 den Gebrauchsklassen III und IV. Diese Schutzmittel können mit unterschiedlichen Verfahren eingebracht
 werden, wie zum Beispiel dem Tauchverfahren, das überwiegend in weniger industrialisierten Ländern
 angewandt wird. Der wichtigste Parameter für die Imprägnierqualität ist die Eintauchdauer.
 Untersucht wurde der Einfluss unterschiedlicher Eintauchzeiten auf die Kupferaufnahme, die Adsorption,
 die Eindringung und die Farbe der Proben sowie die Kupferfixierung. In dieser Studie wurden zwei unterschiedliche
 Konzentrationen von Kupferethanolaminlösungen (cCu=0.05% oder 0.25%) verwendet.
 Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass bei Fichtenholz eine längere Eintauchdauer eine höhere Aufnahme
 der Schutzmittellösung, bessere Eindringung und geringere Auswaschung von Kupferethanolamin basierten
 Holzschutzmitteln ergab. Nach einer einwöchigen Eintauchzeit wurden durchschnittlich 275 kg/m3
 Holzschutzmittel aufgenommen, Kupferwirkstoffe drangen durchschnittlich 3 mm tief in das Holz ein
 und nur 2.3% Kupfer wurden bei einem Versuch nach ENV 1250 aus dem mit einer wässrigen Lösung
 der höheren Konzentration imprägnierten Holz ausgewaschen.

Energy
Energy is often defined as the ability to do work. There are many forms of energy. A few examples include; Gravitational energy, Kinetic energy (energy of motion), Thermal energy (heat energy), Potential energy. Potential energy is the energy something has based on its position in the universe. A stretched elastic band has potential energy. A rock held up in the air has potential energy based on its position.