Foreign Policy from Khatami to Ahmadinejad There is One Foreign Policy in Iran, which is Khamenei's Foreign Policy
This Article is part of an MA thesis: "Iran Wilayat al Faqih System of Governance and Public Policymaking" which tried to investigate the challenges that public policy in Iran is facing under Wilayat al Faqih system of governance. The article here deals with foreign policy making in Iran f rom Khatami to Ahmadinejad in regards to both Iran regional roleand Iran-U.S . relations. It sheds light on the challenges that are facing Iranian foreign policy making which can affect both the regime and the ideology of Wilayat al Faqih itself. It also, discusses series of problems that are challenging the authority of the supreme leader which resulted in a power struggle between the supreme leader (representative of the Wilayat al Faqih institution) and the president (representative of the Republican institution) inside the system of governance when it comes to policymaking. The contradictory roles between both is a result of the president limited power in formulating foreign policies, together with his ideological preferences that is different from the supreme leader. The Article concludes by stating that such power struggle between the offices may impact Iran's domestic policies but not Iranian foreign policies, as Iran is becoming a regional power.
The Iranian leviathan : state formation, progress and democracy in Iran
Democracy in Iran has since 1979 been a major preoccupation 
for the West. Most commentators have failed to see the Iranian revolution as a step towards the establishment of a modern democratic state. This illustrates a profound misunderstanding of different steps in this direction. In three phases contemporary Iranian history reads as a tale of state formation. In the sense that a state needs to be strong enough to democratize, the Iranian twentieth century reads as a long journey towards democracy. In a first phase the State prevailed over concentrations of private, non-statal power like the tribes, the clergy and the bazaar. In a second phase within the State new actors, like civil society or the Islamic armed forces, emerged on new foundations of power. In an ongoing third phase these new actors now battle for domination of the state. The nuclear issue could determine the outcome. The West might have an ace to play, by accepting Iran’s nuclear destiny and a future of both deterrence and further democratization in the country and region.
XV. Notes on the Geological Survey Memoir—“The Geology of the Glasgow District.”
Introductory. During the late summer the Geological Survey issued a map of the Glasgow district which will prove a boon not only to the members of this Society, but also to the increasing number of those who, although not members, still take an interest in geology as a branch of liberal education. The present map differs from its predecessors in that it is colour-printed, and the printing and general details are brought out more clearly than was possible in the hand-coloured maps. This fact has been taken advantage of to add an enormous amount of detail, which is often of such a minute character that after study one feels inclined to wish that he were gifted with microscopic eyes or that the map had been drawn to a larger scale. Not the least of its benefits is the low price at which it is sold (2s. on paper, and 3s. on cloth), the price of the previous maps having lately become prohibitive (19s. 3d. on paper). It will be observed that the long way of the map is from north to south. This has doubtless been adopted for good and sufficient reasons, if we only knew them; but I, at least, would have preferred that the long way should have been east and west, with Glasgow in the centre. The map is accompanied by an extensive memoir of the geology of the district, and the more one reads of it the more one is impressed with the This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract