Deflation and the Fisher equation
So, according to Irving Fisher, one reason to worry about deflation is that the federal funds rate is expected to be held near zero as the economy grows out of this recession.
Determinants of the Real Rate of Return: Evidence from Cross-Country Panel Data
This chapter analyzes the determinants of the ex ante real rate of return on bank deposits and equity. In the case of bank deposit rates, robust results include the lack of significance of money growth and a moderate role of foreign variables, with no significant role in particular for the world interest rate. In the case of stock returns, foreign variables also play a moderate role, with some international prices entering the regressions significantly and the world interest rate being statistically insignificant. This chapter also examines the effect of inflation on the unexplained component of equity returns. Current inflation is found not to have a significant effect on unexpected stock returns, which is consistent with the notion that equity provides a good hedge against inflation. Unexpected stock returns appear to react to contemporaneous information about foreign variables, albeit in ways that depend on the econometric specification of the model.
Inquiring "Tree of Life" at Home: Persian Classic Literature in English Classes.
The recent decades of English Language Teaching (ELT) appear to be particularly concerned with the marginalisation caused by English linguistic, cultural, and academic colonisation and imperialism. Bold footprints of this academic monopoly can be seen in the wide incorporation of abridged or unabridged British and American literary works in foreign language settings. Such literary products are often legitimised as authentic materials authored by native speakers. Inspired by the idea of incorporating non-native literature and translated first language literature into English classes, the authors of this article sought to explore the possibilities of opening spaces for English translations of Persian classic works of literature in English as foreign language classrooms and tracing the language events that unfolded as a result of incorporating such literature. The participants of this two-semester long action research project were non-English major Iranian female university students, majoring in various fields at Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran. The sense of familiarity the students had with such national literary works led to the emergence of language instances lightened by sparks of virtue, vision, life and art.