Zero Width Glass Cutting with CO 2 Laser
Laser cutting of glass in not a novel technique, excellent results have already been achieved by various research institutes. There are several patents concerned with controlled cutting of glass with zero width and other brittle materials in a straight line using CO2 laser beam. Laser beam glass cutting produces a high quality cut edge with minimal microcracking. This is achieved using a controlled cleaving of glass through a combination of heating and cooling. Laser separation of glass with zero width can be summarised by the following steps:
Laser separation of flat glass in electronic-, optic-, display-, and bio-industry (Invited Paper)
Up until now, conventional cutting methods by using metal or diamond wheels have been widely in use in numerous glass industries. Along with the market trend towards clean and more sophisticated process, constraints by the traditional methods have been unavoidable. Hence, laser separation is seen as an alternative and breakthrough solution to many and in this paper, an overview on laser separation as a whole is provided in terms of its process theories and its system as process equipment. Also glass application varieties as well as market requirements are discussed.
Study of External Parasites Infesting Carcharhinus Melanopterus Fish From The Red Sea In Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Parasitic diseases are harmful and limiting factors in breeding and rearing ornamental fish industry, such as the Monogenea ( Dactylogyrus sp and Erpocotyletiburonis ) and copepod ( Pandarus sinuatus  and Anchistrotostangi ). The copepod and the monogenean are gill parasites found on the shark; CarcharhinusMelanopterus . The primary purpose of this study was to determine the parasitic infections of sharks in red sea in Jeddah. For this purpose, 19 female C. Melanopterus and 14 male C. Melanopterus were first examined for ectoparasites using wet mount under a light microscope. All male sharks had Monogenea and/or copepod in their gill and only 3 females haven’t infections. Then, we aimed to find a combination of copepod and monogenea infection in C. Melanopterus gills. 50% of male and 42% of female were infected by copepod and monogenea. Our findings revealed that the protozoan infections are very common among sharks. Although, no gross pathology was observed among infected shark, but it is likely that in case of any changes in the environment, then parasitic infections could be harmful.