A computational model of the bottlenose dolphin sonar: Feature-extracting method
A process of echo‐image formation in bottlenose dolphin perception was investigated in our experiments, in which animals were trained to differentiate passive actual echoes recorded beforehand purposely, as well as echo‐like simulated impulses. The results suggest that dolphin, processing echoes within critical interval of time (∼0.2 ms), utilizes the string of three independent, hierarchically organized features (echoes subjective characteristics) being defined by different scales of spectral density oscillation, and energy. Herewith, dolphin is capable to assess features average value over a series of echoes. Distinguishing stimuli, dolphin estimates successively features values from senior to minor, terminating the process at the feature, which contains detectable differences in compared stimuli (the distinctive feature). A procedure of subsequent identification of the reference stimulus can be described by the following decision rule: If the dolphin utilizes some feature as the distinctive one, then i...
Echo-processing mechanisms in bottlenose dolphins
The mechanisms of echo-processing were investigated in our experiments, conducted on bottlenose dolphins. Hierarchically organized system of independent dimensions, describing echoes in animals perception, was revealed. The rules of discrimination and recognition of echoes in dolphins were established.
A STUDY ON ORGANIZED RETAILING AND ITS CHALLENGES AND RETAIL CUSTOMER SERVICES
India is becoming most favored retail destination in the world. Today retail sector contributing 10% to countryâ€™s GDP. Indian retail industry is ranked among the ten largest retail markets in the world. The change of attitudes of Indian consumers and the emergence of organized retail formats have transformed the face of retailing in India. Organized retailing offers huge potential for future growth of retailing in India. This paper provides information about the growth of retailing in India. And also focuses on the challenges faced by organized retail sector in India. It also emphasize on major players of retailers in India and customer services provided by the retailers. This paper also deals with various retail formats and the opportunities for the growth of retail industry in India and also provides some suggestions to overcome the challenges.