Nanostructurale nature of the porous GaAs layer formed on p+-GaAs substrate by electrochemical anodization
A porous GaAs layer has been formed by electrochemical anodization in HF based solution on extremely doped p-type GaAs substrate. Porous nature of the elaborated sample has been evidenced by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Nanostructurale nature of the porous layer has been demonstrated by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and confirmed by photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL).
Porous GaAs formed by a two-step anodization process
Abstract In this letter, we proposed a method in which a n-type GaAs wafer was first anodized in HF for a short time to form a high density of etch pits on its surface and then anodized in KOH solution to form a high density of pores with uniform distribution in it. Scanning electron microscopy revealed feature sizes of the porous structure in the nanometer range. The porous GaAs has been investigated using double crystal X-ray diffraction technique. Crystal quality and crystallographic orientation of the porous layer were similar to those of the substrate. The lattice constant of porous layer is slightly larger than that of the substrate in the growth direction.
Barbarians, Gentlemen and Players : A Sociological Study of the Development of Rugby Football
Part I: Folk Antecedents and Transitional Forms of Football in the Public Schools 1. The folk antecedents of modern rugby and their decline 2. Football in the early 19th century public schools Part II: The Modernisation of Rugby Football 3. The preconditions for modernization: embourgeoisement and public school reform 4. The incipient modernization of rugby football 5. The 'civilising process' and the formation of the RFU. 6. The democratization of rugby football. 7. Professionalisation and the amateur response. 8. The split. 9. The class structure and the professionalisation of British sport. Part III: The Development of Rugby Football as a Modern Sport 10. The professionalisation of rugby league. 11. Rugby union as a modern sport: bureaucracy, gate-taking clubs and the swansong of amateurism. Conclusion: Sociological Reflections on the Crisis in Modern Sport