Failure analysis on the standby current due to dislocation in STI structure of flash memory
The technology of increasing Internal Vcc without using memory tester is used to enhance the photon emission and the failure range is defined in detail by nano probing. With these methods, we found out that the leakage current was caused by dislocations of STI arranged in a row.
Case study of embedded memory failure analysis for dislocation issue
Embedded memory is an integrated on-chip memory that supports the logic core to accomplish intended functions. High-performance embedded memory is a key component in VLSI, because of its high-speed and wide bus-width capability, which eliminates inter-chip communication. In this paper, embedded memory device and CMOS logic is integrated on-chip and it is a more complex of process technology compared with stand-alone memory. For the process engineering, we are always confronted with many problems, especially, the dislocation that causes some failures.
Ignition and burning rates of segregated waste combustion in packed beds.
Recent developments in national recycling and re-use programmes for municipal waste have led to segregation of an increasing proportion of waste to enhance material recovery. Several of the segregated streams contain materials that can not viably be re-used or recycled but can be used for energy recovery. In this study, the combustion of cardboard and waste wood was investigated in a small-scale packed bed reactor in order to provide fundamental data for the design/operation of moving bed furnaces. Key parameters of combustion including the ignition and burning rates were evaluated for various air flowrates and compared to the modelling results. Two successive stages of combustion were identified for both samples: the propagation of ignition front into the bed and combustion of the fuel above the ignition front. The burning rate of cardboard reached a peak of about 300 kg/m(2)h at the air flowrate of 936 kg/m(2)h and decreased at higher air flowrates. For waste wood, both the ignition and burning rates increased in the tested range of the air flowrate up to 702 kg/m(2)h, of which the values were very close to those for the cardboard. The model prediction was in good agreement with the test results for waste wood. However, the burning rate for cardboard was under-predicted due to strongly irregular shapes of the fuel.