Structures of 5,5-disubstituted cyanoiminobarbituric acids
O. A. Erastov, S. N. Ignat'eva, and T. V. Malkova, Khim. Geterotsikl. Soedin., No. i0, 1313-1319 (1971). Japanese Patent No. 8271; Ref. Zh. Khim., No. 16, 58000P (1959). Japanese Patent No. 8871; Ref. Zh. Khim., No. 18, 74348P (1960). Japanese Patent No. 9538; Ref. Zh. Khim., No. 9, N79P (1971). B. I. Shapira, A. A. Malina, G. Z. Yakovleva, et al., Khim.farm. Zh., No. 6, 46-49 (1969). F. Korte and F. Wusten, Tetrahedron, 19, No. 9, 1423-1436 (1963).
Orthoamide, IX über die Umsetzung CH‐acider Verbindungen mit Amidacetalen, einem Aminal‐tert.‐butylester und Tris‐dimethylamino‐methan
Orthoamide reagieren mit wasserfreier Blausaure und Alkinen zu 2-Dimethylamino-2-alkoxy-nitrilen (2, 4, 6, 8, 10), 2.2-Bis-dimethylamino-nitrilen (12, 12a) und 3.3-Bis-dimethylamino-alkinen-(l) (14–16). Aus Methan-Derivaten und Dimethylformamid-diathylacetal (1) ent-stehen in der Warme die alkylierten Methan-Derivate (25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 34) und mit dem Aminal-tert.-butylester 11 unter milden Reaktionsbedingungen die Tetramethylformamidini-um-Salze(31,32, 33,35). 
 
 
 
Orthoamides, IX: Reaction of CH-Acidic Compounds with Amide Acetals, an Aminal-tert-butylester and Tris(dimethylamino)methane 
 
 
 
Orthoamides react with hydrogen cyanide and alkynes to give 2-dimethylamino-2-alkoxy-nitriles (2, 4, 6, 8, 10), 2,2-bis(dimethylamino)nitriles (12,12a), and 3,3-bis(dimethylamino)-alkynes (14–16). Methane derivatives heated with dimethylformamide diathylacetal (1) react to form the alkylated methane derivatives (25, 26, 28, 29, 30, 34), whereas under mild conditions methane derivatives react with the aminal tert-butylester 11 to produce tetramethyl-formamidinium salts (31, 32, 33, 35).
New method for analysis of enzymatic reactions: Thermolysin-catalyzed synthesis of aspartame precursor
Aspartame is an artificial sweetener which is 200 times sweeter than sucrose. A precursor of aspartame, N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-l-aspartyl-l-phenylalanine methyl ester (Z-APM) was synthesized and hydrolyzed with thermolysin in an aqueous monophasic system. Graphical plotting methods and/or nonlinear regression have been used to analyze enzymatic reactions because of the nonlinearity of enzymatic rate equations. There are, however, problems: the former require accurate measurement of the initial reaction rate and the latter gives no analytical information. The authors proposed a method to solve the nonlinear enzymatic rate equations with respect to the concentration of a product with the Taylor expansion, especially for the reversible Theorell-Chance mechanism (Murakami, Y., Hirata, M., and Hirata, A., J. Ferment. Bioeng., 82, 246–252, 1996). This solution, however, is complex for practical use. In this paper, a simpler solution to explain the thermolysin-catalyzed synthesis of Z-APM is obtained. New methods to determine the kinetic parameters, especially for the reversible Theorell-Chance mechanism, based on the approximated solution are proposed. The results calculated using the obtained kinetic parameters can satisfactorily explain the experimental results, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed analysis. We must know the relation between the concentrations of substrates and a product, and accurately evaluate of the result obtained using Taylor expansion when we determine the kinetic parameters using our newly developed methods. The methods to determine the kinetic parameters of the reversible Theorell-Chance mechanism described in this paper is, however, expected to be applied to general enzymatic reactions.