Magnetic properties of Ho2Fe17-xMnx - Influence of Mn substitution
The structural and magnetic properties of Ho2Fe17−xMnx (x=0−5) have been investigated by x-ray diffraction, Mossbauer spectroscopy and DC magnetization measurements (0-5 T) over the temperature range 4.5–350 K. Similar to other ferrimagnetic R2Fe17−xMnx systems, the unit cell volume generally increases with Mn content other than for low Mn values where a slight maximum is detected around x ~ 0.5. The nature of the magnetic phase transitions around TC is shown by Arrot plot analysis to be second order for all samples. The Curie temperature remains essentially unchanged for Mn contents up to x=1.0 (TC = 336 K for x=0.0, TC = 338 K for x=1.0) before decreasing steadily with further increase in Mn content (TC = 209 K for x=5). The 57Fe hyperfine interaction parameters have been determined from variable temperature Mossbauer spectra.
Magnetovolume effect and magnetic properties of Dy2Fe17- xMnx
J. L. Wang,1,3 S. J. Campbell,1 O. Tegus,2 C. Marquina,3 and M. R. Ibarra3 1School of Physical, Environmental and Mathematical Sciences, The University of New South Wales, The Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra ACT 2600, Australia 2Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1018 XE Amsterdam, The Netherlands 3Departmento de Fisica de la Materia Condensada-Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragon, Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC, Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain Received 1 October 2006; revised manuscript received 16 February 2007; published 17 May 2007
Social Health Insurance Reforms—Mid-Term Experiences of Poland and Russia
As a result of transition process to market economy, Poland and Russia have come a long way from a centrally planned budget for social security to an insurance-type model in the social sphere. After more than two decades of reforms, it seems essential to compare and evaluate the policy solutions introduced in terms of the reform goals achieved and exposure to current challenges. The paper presents an analysis and comparison of social health insurance reforms conducted in Poland and Russia since the beginning of the 1990s. Moreover, the current problems of and future challenges for health care financing systems are identified. The varied experiences of Poland and Russia over more than 20 years show mid-term lessons which could be useful to other countries, especially those that face socio-economic transformation, in their choice of strategy and the practice of similar reforms.