Communal Interests Crucial to Marital Adjustment
About fifteen years ago, Kirkpatrick (1937) stated the following hypothesis: "Community of interests between married persons is an important factor in marital adjustment, and a measure of a community of interests may be a relatively innocuous index for measuring adjustment and for predicting the success of a relationship between two persons of the opposite sex" (p. 134). Other researchers (Taves, 1948; Frumkin, 1952) have substantiated the validity of this hypothesis, i.e., they have proven that a community of interests can be and is an index of marital adjustment. To measure the community of interests in marriage adjustment Kirkpatrick constructed what today is called The Kirkpatrick Scale of Family Interests. Simply stated, this scale consists of 60 interest items duplicated on two single sheets of paper. On the first sheet the respondent is requested to check those interests which he enjoys engaging in as personal interests. On the second sheet he is requested to check all those interests which he enjoys engaging in with his spouse. The adjustment score is readily obtained by dividing the number of personal interests by the number of personal interests which are also mutual interests, i.e., the double-check items. A question is raised concerning the interest items selected by each spouse as communal interests. Which are the most important communal interests in the light of social change ? More specifically, how do social scientists, teachers, students, and other educated persons feel about the significance of these interests to marital adjustment ?
Community of Interest and the Measurement of Marriage Adjustment
own feeling when she expresses it in terms of thinking this family different from others she knows. When she cannot figure out why she has " slipped" into not giving adequate relief, the supervisor makes no effort to solve this for her. In fact the supervisor emphasizes the student's own responsibility by agreeing with the latter that this handling has been hard for the client. In the following discussion between the two, the supervisor is active in keeping the student on the track of the difficulty, not allowing her to rest with such assumptions as that the client should have asked for more relief, that these clients are in reality different from some others, or that it was up to this particular client to explain his own needs. The result of this is that the student arrives at the point of thinking there must be something more to the situation-her feeling about the case-than was apparent. It is interesting to note that the supervisor gives the student encouragement by suggesting that together they may discover what the trouble is, and at the same time is active in seeing that the demands of the case, for adequate supplementation, are met practically.
The Meaning of Wisdom in James: Examination of a Hypothesis
The following essay is an attempt to examine the manner in which the writer of the Epistle of James uses the concept of Wisdom; and to study the suggestion that the way in which he uses it is more or less interchangeable with that in which other writers of the New Testament use the concept of the Holy Spirit.