Risk Management Era in European Credit Institutions: Predictable Mutation in XXI Century
Abstract In the market economy, globalization, liberalization and diversification of financial markets, fierce competition between the credit institutions and many of the products and services offered by them are the main factors that have exposed the banking sector to new risks, while leading to multiple challenges. For these reasons it is becoming increasingly important both permanent innovation and risk management techniques tools as well as banking performance. Only a pertinent analysis and a very good knowledge of the new tendencies in banking financial risk management can provide credit institutions in Romania efficient options on their use of management, while obtaining a higher profitability and an adequate level of liquidity.
RISK MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND SOLUTIONS FOR 21 CENTURY EUROPE
This paper is intended to be a significant insight into risk management issues by describing the main types of such risks and by providing management and evaluation procedures of significant risks into some active banking companies in Romania. In times of crisis, risk management in the banking system has a greater importance than in the normal economic times. The 2011 was a year in which Romania has been hit by the repercussions of the international economic crisis. Using strategies against risks, implementing procedures to monitor and control risks, risk assessment and quantification can substantially reduce the financial losses of a company or those of a financial institution. Risk management is an integral part of all decision making and business processes from credit institutions, its purpose being to protect their sustainable development. The risks analysis and management in the banking domain represents two ever present and highly important problems. The innovations on the financial market, the internationalization of the specific operations, and the pressure of the competition are just a few arguments that impose a permanent supervision of the general and specific risks.
Did the metamorphosis from Export Processing Zones to Special Economic Zones improve the efficiency of trade enclaves in India?
In this paper, the efficiency of seven conventional Special Economic Zones in India is analyzed, by adopting a stochastic production frontier technique, for the period between 1986–1987 and 2007–2008.Results indicate that although the efficiency scores of these enclaves have improved over the years, specifically with the introduction of the SEZ policy (2000–2001), it is far below the threshold level as identified in the literature. Besides, one can also observe a discrepancy emerging between better export earning zones and efficient zones. On the determinants side, policy intervention and large geographical area, accompanied by clustering of units, are found to have impacted the efficiency scores of these enclaves positively.