Separation of the non-volatile noble metals by reversed-phase extraction chromatography.
The procedure involves the use of tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP) adsorbed by Porasil C and stepwise elution with sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid. The distribution coefficients for the two systems (TBP and hydrochloric acid and TBP and sulphuric acid) and the elution characteristics were studied. A description is given of a procedure applicable to the analysis of prills obtained from the fire assay of platinum-bearing ores.
The reversed-phase thin-layer chromatography of metal ions with tributyl phosphate
About sixty-five metal-containing ionic species have been chromatographed on thin layers of cellulose impregnated with tributyl phosphate (TBP) at various concentrations of aqueous hydrochloric acid. A mechanism for the chromatography may be explained in terms of the ability of the metal ions to form chloro complexes, viz., that those metal ions which readily complex with chloride ion are readily extracted by the TBP and consequently have low RF values. Conversely, those metals which do not form chloro complexes are not retained by the TBP and hence have high RF values.Attention is drawn to the similarities between the known liquid-liquid extraction behaviour of the metal ions in the TBP-hydrochloric acid systems and the behaviour of these ions in the TBP-hydrochloric acid chromatographic systems. A strong resemblance has also been found between the RF spectra (RFversus hydrochloric acid) of the metal ions and the behaviour of these ions in resinous anion-exchange-hydrochloric acid systems. The latter similarity has been used as evidence for the suggestion that the TBP on the layers functions as a liquid anion exchanger, i.e., that TBP-solvated protons, ion-associated with chloride ions, can undergo ion exchange with the metal chloro complex—(TBP)o+(HCl)aq⇌(TBPH + Cl–)o(nTBPH + Cl–)o+(MClx–n)⇌ MClx–n(TBPH+)no+(nCl–)aq.The suffix “o” refers to the organic phase and the suffix “aq” refers to the aqueous phase.
A numerical study on liquid ring motion and fragmentation for the initial process of liquid explosive dispersal
For the explosive dispersal on liquid fuel of FAE technique, the expansion of gaseous detonation products, axisymmetric radial extension and fragmentation of a liquid ring were analyzed, then corresponding models were established. By those models coupled, the numerical simulation on motion and fragmentation of the liquid ring exerted by strong action was carried out. The results computed show that the models established are feasible, and present study can offer initial conditions for the numerical simulation on the process of liquid secondary breakup and gas-liquid mixing.