The Choledochoduodenal Junction in Sheep and Goat
The choledochoduodenal junction was studied in 15 sheep, 5 goats and 7 sheep fetuses by maceration technique, microdissection, and by microscopic examination. The bile duct extended from the junction of the hepatic and cystic ducts, entered the duodenum at the beginning of its descending part on the dorsomedial aspect, ran distally in the wall for about 1.5 cm and ended with an opening facing distally without raising a papilla. The average length of the bile duct was 8 cm; its structure along its course was also described.
The musculature of the gall bladder and biliary pathways in the guinea-pig.
A study of the gall bladder and the biliary pathways was carried out in the guinea-pig by light and electron microscopy. The musculature of the distended gall bladder measures only about 220 microns in thickness and consists of muscle bundles running in various directions. The muscle cells are loosely packed and are much smaller than the muscle cells of the intestinal muscularis externa. They resemble, in structure and arrangement, the cells of the muscularis mucosae of the intestine. In the cystic duct, the hepatic duct and the upper third of the bile duct, the musculature is similar to that of the gall bladder but is sparser and mixed with abundant connective tissue (fibromuscular layer). In the middle and lower portions of the bile duct there is a progressive increase in the amount of musculature. While the outer diameter of the organ remains constant (about 1.3 mm), the amount of muscle in a transverse section of the duct increases more than ten times along the length of the duct. Here the muscle cells are large and densely packed and closely resemble those of the duodenal muscularis externa. The bile duct forms with the duodenum an angle of about 30 degrees and it opens into a large cavity within the duodenal wall, the ampulla, which has a complex muscular system of its own. The ampulla is drained into the duodenal lumen through a duct within the papilla, around which lies a ring of circular musculature. The pancreatic duct opens independently into the duodenum about 6 cm aboral to the bile duct.
Byron: Augustan and Romantic
The impact of Byron's writings - an evaluative approach, William St Clair "My brain is feminine" - Byron and the poetry of deception, Jerome J. McGann Byron and the romantic heroine, Malcolm Kelsall Byron and the Empire in the East, Marilyn Butler Byron Augustan - mutations of mock-heroic in "Don Juan" and Shelley's "Peter Bell the Third", Claude Rawson continuities and discontinuities of language and voice in Dryden, Pope, and Byron, Bernard Beatty Augustan satires and Panegyrics on London and Byron's image of the city, Michael Gassermeier Byron, Pope, and the Grand Tour, Michael G. Cooke Byron in Italy - the return of Augustus, Donald H. Reiman "Don Juan" transformed, Anne Barton Byron's "Wrong Revolutionary System" and romanticism, Hermann Fischer the quintessential Byron, Leslie A. Marchand.