Delay Time Reliability of Analog and Digital Delay Elements for Time-to-Digital Converter
In this paper, the delay times were evaluated to develop highly reliable time-to-digital converter(TDC) in analog and digital delay element structures. The delay element can be designed by using current source or inverter. In case of using inverter, the number of inverter has to be controlled to adjust the delay time. And in case of using current source, the current for charging and discharging is controlled. When the current source is used the delay time of the delay element is not sensitive with varying the channel width of CMOS. However, when the inverter is used the delay time is directly related to the channel width of CMOS. Therefore to obtain good reliability in TDC circuit the delay element using current source is more stable compared to inverter in the viewpoint of the variation of fabrication process.
The study of the Electro Magnetic Acceleration and Deceleration system of the Ferromagnetic Ball using the Monopole Coil Structure
The Electro Magnetic (EM) Acceleration and Deceleration (ACC/DCC) system of the Ferromagnetic Ball(FB) is the linear motor"s final structural development which can be used for devices that conserve energy, gaming or rail gun. By accelerating the FB within the coil structure, it is difficult to utilize the FB"s magnetizing feature via the ACC/DCC system. There is much monopole space inside the monopole coil. By using this particular feature of the FB, starting coil and Monopole Coil Structure (MCS) can be structurally separated and another simple electric related control system can be experimented for further development. For the purpose of development a review is needed of the control system of both basic stepper motor and BLDC motor.
Influence of the channel width on the threshold voltage modulation in m.o.s.f.e.t.s
The threshold vollage of an m.o.s. field-effect transistor is modulated by the source-to-substrate reverse bias. In the letter, the theory for long- and short-channel transistors is extended to include the influence of the channel width. The result is an analytical expression for the threshold voltage as a function of geometry and bias that agrees well with experimental data.