The Accounting Entity, Relevance, and Faithful Representation: Linking Financial Statement Notes to the FASB and IASB Conceptual Frameworks
ABSTRACT: Although notes are an integral part of the financial statements, users lacking a technical accounting background often overlook them or consider them to be too difficult (Kieso et al. 201...
On the ‘Disclosure Initiative – Principles of Disclosure’: The EAA Financial Reporting Standards Committee’s View
Abstract This paper summarises the contents of a comment letter produced by a working group of 12 academics in response to the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) Discussion Paper on principles of disclosure. The comment letter was submitted by the Financial Reporting Standards Committee (FRSC) of the European Accounting Association (EAA). The work includes reviews of relevant academic literature of areas related to the various questions posed by the IASB in the Discussion Paper, including the ‘disclosure problem’ and the objective of the project, the suggested principles of effective communication, the roles of the primary financial statements and notes, the location of information and the use of performance measures. The paper also discusses the disclosure of accounting policies, the objectives of centralised disclosure, and the New Zealand Accounting Standards Board staff’s approach to disclosure.
l-Phenylalanine dehydrogenase from Brevibacterium sp. for production of l-phenylalanine by reductive amination of phenylpyruvate
SummaryFor production of l-phenylalanine the reductive amination of phenylpyruvate, catalyzed by phenylalanine-dehydrogenase was examined. To reach high levels and a sufficient stability of the inducible intracellular enzyme, growth conditions of Brevibacterium sp. are optimized. For continuous production of l-phenylalanine in an enzyme membrane reactor, the kinetic parameters of the partially purified enzyme are determined.In continuous production a space time yield of 37.4 g l-Phe l-1 d-1 can be reached.By means of the measured kinetic parameters and simultaneous calculation of the mass balances of all reaction components the behaviour of the reactor can be simulated. For certain conditions the multi-enzyme-system shows multiple steady-states.