Energy estimation and photometric measurements of LED lighting in laboratory
Electricity demand is prevailing all over the world now and energy management becomes very complex. This paper aims at providing solution for power demand and energy management by using HB white LED lights for domestic applications. LED lights consume very less power and gives out high energy in the form of brightness. A laboratory model is created in DIALUX 4.11 using CAD window and is illuminated with LED lights. Photometric measurements and energy evaluation are done for the laboratory model with room components of different construction materials in the presence of LED lighting. Reflectivity of different materials under illumination is determined. Simulation is done for varying brightness and calculated results are carried over to Pov-Ray 3.6 for determining the real lighting appearance of the laboratory model. Energy evaluation is done for a year and photometric values of lighting system are measured. The calculated results proves that LED lighting system can be used as an efficient lighting system for domestic purposes when compared to other lighting systems. Simulated results and photometric values of LED lighting are presented here.
Smart energy for smart built environment: A review for combined objectives of affordable sustainable green
Abstract With recent advances in artificial intelligence (AI), built environment (BE) is getting more and more closely linked to energy. A macroscopic view of smart energy (SE) and smart built environment (SBE) is provided in this paper. Categories of smart energy systems (SESs) are divided according to the trade forms. Objectives of SBE include minimizing non-renewable energy to maintain sustainable BE, minimizing carbon exhausted to guarantee green BE, and minimizing capital cost to provide economically affordable BE. The transient fraction of power (FP) in SESs has to be controlled to obtain the optimal fraction of energy (FE). The optimal FE values depend not only on system size and time scales but also on SBE objectives. A weighted maximum volume criterion is proposed to take sustainability, green, and affordability into account. Results are compared with those optimization results based on a single objective. Methodologies for promotion of SESs from technology, system optimization, demand forecasting, and holistic design views are presented. The corresponding solution for SBE is illustrated. Challenges for future SESs for SBE are also discussed.
Chapter 1 – Nanotechnology: A Toolkit for Cell Behavior
Tissue engineering seeks to effectively manipulate cellular populations to improve the function of damaged or diseased tissues and organs. Many techniques can affect cell behavior; however, in order to maintain desirable function, scientists and engineers design solutions that are as biomimetic as possible. True biomimeticity is very challenging without the incorporation of nanotechnology. Since cells in human tissues are surrounded by a 3D hierarchical tissue extracellular matrix containing numerous nano components, a revolutionary change in tissue engineering is to explore biomimetic nanobiomaterials and advanced 3D nano/microfabrication techniques for creating novel tissue constructs and regulating cell behavior. This chapter will provide an overview of recent nanotechnology in tissue engineering applications. We will put special emphasis on integrating cutting-edge 3D nano/microfabrication techniques with nanobiomaterials for complex tissue and organ regeneration.