Computer aided process planning for non-axisymmetric deep drawing products
In general, deep drawing products have various cross-section shapes such as cylindrical, rectangular and nonaxisymmetric shapes. The application of the surface area calculation to non-axisymmetric deep drawing process has not been published yet. In this research, a surface area calculation for non-axisymmetric deep drawing products with 
elliptical shape was constructed for a design of blank shape of deep drawing products by using an AutoLISP function of AutoCAD software. A computer-aided process planning (CAPP) system for rotationally symmetric deep drawing products has been developed. However, the application of the system to non-axisymmetric components has not been 
reported yet. Thus, the CAPP system for non-axisymmetric deep drawing products with elliptical shape was constructed by using process sequence design. The system developed in this work consists of four modules. The first is recognition of shape module to recognize non-axisymmetric products. The second is a three-dimensional (3-D) modeling module to calculate the surface area for non-axisymmetric products. The third is a blank design module to create an oval-shaped blank with the identical surface area. The forth is a process planning module based on the production rules that play the 
best important role in an expert system for manufacturing. The production rules are generated and upgraded by interviewing field engineers. Especially, the drawing coefficient, the punch and die radii for elliptical shape products are 
considered as main design parameters. The suitability of this system was verified by applying to a real deep drawing product. This CAPP system constructed would be very useful to reduce lead-time for manufacturing and improve an accuracy of products.
Knowledge-Based System for Design of Deep Drawing Die for Axisymmetric Parts
This chapter describes a knowledge-based system (KBS) developed for design of deep drawing die for axisymmetric parts. The production rule-based KBS approach of artificial intelligence (AI) is utilized for development of the proposed system. The overall system is organized in 4 subsystems and 27 modules. System modules are coded in AutoLISP language and user interface is created using Visual Basic 6.0 and interface with AutoCAD software. The proposed system is capable to automate all major activities of design of deep drawing die such as process planning, design of strip-layout, selection of die components, and modeling of die components and die assembly. The system is user interactive, flexible, and has low cost of implementation.
Phase formation during mechanical alloying in the Ti–Si system
Abstract Mechanical alloying of Ti–Si powder mixture or TiH 1.924 –Si powder mixture was performed by high-energy ball milling, in which the Ti to Si mole ratio was 1:2. The phase formations in both mixtures during milling were investigated by X-ray diffraction. Mechanical alloying a mixture of elemental powders led to the formation of TiSi 2 equilibrium compound, while when starting from Si + TiH 1.924 , a metastable phase was formed. The metastable phase completely transforms to TiSi 2 when the mechanically alloyed powder is annealed at temperatures above 800 °C. Two different pathways of phase transitions during mechanical alloying are attributed to the existence of hydrogen atoms, i.e., when starting from Si + TiH 1.924 compared to Si + Ti, the kinetics for the formation of the TiSi 2 intermetallic compound slows down. The kinetics related to the different phase transitions depending on the starting powder mixture are discussed.