A new human allotype carried by the γG3 subclass: Gm(25)
SummaryThe Gm(25) allotype has been tested on sera from various populations. It is closely related to Gm(5), Gm(10), Gm(11), and Gm(14) in Caucasoids, and to Gm(10) and Gm(11) in Mongoloids, but it distinguishes itself in Negroids where the Gm(5, 10, 11, 14,-25) phenotype is present with a frequency depending on the regions studied. It was demonstrated to be carried by the Fc fragment of γG2 Gm(5, 10, 11, 14). In a Caucasoid family it was possible to demonstrate the transmission of a rare gene, Gm1,10,11,17, 25. Among Old World Monkeys Gm(25) is present in Baboons and absent in Cercopitheci.RésuméL'allotype Gm(25) a été étudié sur des sérums de populations variées. Il est lié aux Gm(5), Gm(10), Gm(11) et Gm(14) chez les Blancs, aux Gm(10) et Gm(11) chez les Jaunes, mais il s'en distingue chez les Noirs où se retrouve le phénotype Gm(5,10,11,14,-25) avec une fréquence variable selon les régions. Il est présent sur le fragment Fc des γG3 Gm(5,10,11, 14). Dans une famille Caucasoide nous démontrons la transmission du rare gène Gm1,10,11,17,25. L'étude sur des Singes de l'Ancien Monde démontre que le Gm(25) est présent chez les Babouins et absent chez les Cercopithèques.
Studies on Hereditary Gamma Globulin Factors: Evidence that Gm (b) in Whites and Negroes is not the Same and that Gm-like is Determined by an Allele at the Gm Locus.
Two GENETICALLY INDEPENDENT loci determine, through a number of co-dominant alleles, a series of gamma globulin factors detected by an agglutina-tion-inhibition test. The Gm locus has been shown to determine factors Gm (a), Gm (b), Gm (x), Gm (r), a "silent factor" which does not react with any known reagent [see Steinberg, 1962, for review], and perhaps Gm (d) [Thomas and Kampf, 1961] and Gm (e) [Ropartz, Rivat and Rousseau, 1962]. The Inv locus determines factors Inv (a), Inv (b), a "silent" factor (Steinberg, 1962) and Inv (1) [Ropartz, personal communication]. Another gamma globulin factor, Gm-like, has, with one exception (Steinberg, Stauffer, and Dunsford, in preparation), been found in Negroes only. determine the genetic relation of Gm-like to the Gm locus. segregation the Gm American a four year old Negro boy in the course of determining the .-globulin factors in his serum and in the serum of members of his family. The data were to be used for a linkage study with the sickle locus (these data will be reported elsewhere). It was found that the boy's serum agglutinated cells coated with incomplete anti-D Roehm which we use to detect Inv (a). Small samples of blood were drawn on May 8, June 7, and July 26, 1962. These samples were used to characterize the system, Davis/Roehm, and for family tests. The system, Davis/Roehm, works best when used as follows: One volume of group 0, RlIRI washed, packed red blood cells is incubated with two volumes of anti-D Roehm plus five volumes of saline at 370 C. for two hours. The cells are washed and made into a 1.5 per cent suspension in saline. The serum to be tested is diluted 1/ 16. The Davis serum is diluted 1/4. One drop of each is placed in a 10 x 75 mm. test tube and incubated for 15 minutes at room temperature, then one drop of the above cell suspension is added. Incubation is continued at room temperature for another 90 minutes. The tubes are spun at 1,000 G for one minute. The tests are read immediately after spinning, in the usual manner.
Evaluation and Control of Collapsible Soils
Some compacted soils wetted under certain conditions of compaction and loading may exhibit additional settlement (collapse). To investigate the effect of the soil type, compaction water content, initial dry unit weight and applied pressure at wetting on collapse potential, 138 single‐oedometer tests were conducted on eight different soils. The results indicate that well‐graded soils tend to collapse more than poorly graded ones under similar conditions. Furthermore, collapse potential decreases with an increase in (1) The difference between the sand and clay percentages; (2) compaction water content; and (3) initial dry unit weight, while it increases with pressure at wetting. A multiple regression analysis was performed on the laboratory results to provide a collapse‐predictive model that was substantiated by data reported by several researchers. A chart is presented to estimate (1) The collapse potential of soils under various conditions; and (2) the critical water content beyond which no collapse is ex...