Observations on regression analysis of travel distance on airline distance
In the modeling of urban areas airline distance is often used as a proxy for travel time or distance. This practice has been justified by a high coefficient of determination (R2) between these variables in a random sample of pairs of traffic zones. The ratio of travel distance to airline distance has been used as a measure of network efficiency and called the route factor. This exercise uses hypothetical examples to examine network structure, congestion, and trip production as determinants of route factors and of R2 values of travel distance regressed on airline distance.
The Lowry Model Heritage
Abstract The Lowry model constituted a breakthrough of a particularly intractable conceptual barrier. Notwithstanding its attractive features, including the promise of meaningful operationality, the model has been implemented in only a few domestic applications; its adapters abroad have had more success. In this process, the model has gradually been transformed to more satisfactorily meet the requirements of the regional and transportation planning agencies that depend on allocation modeling. As newly developing conceptual embellishments are made operational, the Lowry model should become an instrument that will enlarge our knowledge of the metropolis and lay a solid foundation for the next generation of models.
A land-use model for sub-regional planning
Cripps E. L. and Foot D. H. S. (1969) A land-use model for sub-regional planning, Reg. Studies 3, 243–268. Recent planning legislation in Britain and the pending introduction of a new structure of local government brings about a change in approach to urban planning, which will only become effective with the introduction of a new, largely computer-based, technology as a support for the planning process. The planner needs an adequate understanding of urban structure and an ability to describe it in a way suitable for computer analysis. Post-Maud, urban structure will prove to be, in many cases, a multi-nodal sub-region. This paper describes the application, in a local government environment, of a Lowry-type computer model, used to depict the structure of a sub-region and to provide a tool for assessing the impact of decisions to modify urban structure. The model assumes the location of basic employment given and endogenously estimates the location and size of the household and service sectors, and the inter...