Development of a fructose based medium for biosynthesis of cyclosporin-A byBeauveria nivea
SummaryA new fructose based medium was developed to growBeauveria nivea ATCC 34921 for the production of Cyclosporin A (CyA). Two different sugars and three different nitrogen sources were used for CyA production. Different pH levels in the broth revealed that the best pH for CyA production was 5.5. Maximum concentration of 170 mg CyA/L of broth was obtained with the new medium in 8 days corresponding to yields of 14.8 mg CyA/g dry weight biomass and 5.67 mg CyA/g fructose supplied.
Comparative evaluation of five Beauveria isolates for housefly (Musca domestica L.) control and growth optimization of selected strain
Pathogenic potential of five native Beauveria isolates was assessed against housefly adult and larvae in laboratory bioassays. Beauveria isolate Beauveria bassiana HQ917687 showed highest virulence with 72.3 and 100 % mortality of larvae and adults of Musca domestica, respectively. Other Beauveria isolates caused 36–52 % housefly larval mortality while the adult mortalities varied between 72 and 82 %. B. bassiana HQ917687 also showed the fastest killing activity with LT50 of 4 days (for larvae) and 3 days (for adults). This isolate showing highest virulence was selected for its growth optimization in terms of biomass and spore production using response surface methodology. The optimum value of temperature, yeast extract, and pH for maximum biomass and spore production was predicted as 27 °C, 5.00 g/l, and 6.75, respectively. Temperature was found to be the most critical factor influencing biomass and spore yield of the fungus and even nullified the effects of other factors at sufficiently higher value. The results obtained in this study depict the significance of appropriate strain selection and process parameter optimization in order to facilitate mass production of biocontrol agents.
Neue Cyclopeptide aus Trichoderma polysporum (LINK EX PERS.) RIFAI: Die Cyclosporine B, D und E
New Cyclopeptides from Trichoderma polysporum (LINK EX PERS.) RIFAI: Cyclosporins B, D and E 
 
 
 
Cyclosporins represent a new group of biologically active metabolites produced by Trichoderma polysporum (LINK EX PERS.) RIFAI and other fungi imperfecti. The structures of the main components, cyclosporins A (1) and C(3) have been determined as neutral cyclic oligopeptides composed of 11 amino acids, among them a new C9-amino acid [2–4]. In addition, three minor metabolites, cyclosporins B, D and E, have now been isolated and characterized. Chemical investigation, spectroscopic evidence and X-ray analysis led to the structural formulae of cyclosporins B (2) and D (4). Both compounds have the same sequence of amino acids as cyclosporin A (1), with the exception of L-α-aminobutyric acid, replaced in cyclosporin B (2) by L-alanine and in cyclosporin D (4) by L-valine, respectively. Cyclosporins undergo a characteristic intramolecular N,O-acyl migration to furnish the corresponding basic isocompounds. The antifungal activities of cyclosporins are reported.