The Soviet Occupation of Poland, 1939–41, and the Stereotype of the Anti-Polish and Pro-Soviet Jew
The article analyzes two opposing trends that have emerged in Polish postcommunist historiography with regard to the cliché of the procommunist and pro-Soviet and anti-Polish Jew. It traces the origins of this cliché and its development in Polish political thought during the interwar period and its persistence during and after World War II. At the center of the analysis is the application of this cliché in the debate about the Jedwabne massacre on July 10, 1941, by four (ethno)nationalist historians: Marek Jan Chodakiewicz, Bogdan Musiał, Tomasz Strzembosz, and Marek Wierzbicki. The article also focuses on the attempts at challenging the cliché in contemporary historiography by Jan T. Gross, Krzysztof Jasiewicz, Dariusz Libionka, and Andrzej Żbikowski.
Antisemitism and anti‐communism: The myth of ‘Judeo‐Communism’ in eastern Europe
L'A. choisit d'etablir une distinction entre le terme de judeo-communiste utilise comme un argument par les anti-communistes et le judeo-communisme comme question interne au mouvement communiste. Le juif est une metaphore, une image, un bouc-emissaire ideal. Cependant, ils purent etre consideres ainsi seulement parce que des leaders communistes furent authentiquement antisemites. Finalement, la demagogie antisemite offre l'opportunite d'associer les prejuges traditionnels avec les premisses ideologiques de l'ordre communiste
Thorium in monazite sand; separation and determination by precipitation from homogeneous solution
A new method is described which consists of three steps: (1) decomposition of the monazite sand with perchloric acid; (2) separation of thorium and the rare earths by hydrolysis of methyl-oxalate in acid solution; and (3) separation of thorium from the rare earths by hydrolysis of urea in the presence of formic acid. The authors consider the method to be accurate and rapid.