Field Testing of Submersible Cable
The increased number of installations of submersible pumps in the oilfield has brought about an increased need for decreasing the operating costs associated with the cable. The devices and methods of field testing the cable are explained, and the results of application of different testing parameters and techniques are evaluated. The effect of temperature on the insulating material is presented. Specifications and standards for manufacturing and factory testing of submersible cable are also discussed.
Electric Submersible Pump Cable Standards and Specifications Preview
Electric submersible pump cable is a specialized product for deep well application. Different environments require various configurations. A synopsis is presented of pending standard specifications for the two most common designs. These are a round cable using polypropylene insulation and another using ethylene propylene rubber insulation. A review of the pending guide for testing these cables is also included.
Limitations on the interpretation of biotite substitutions from chemical analyses of natural samples
Biotites, as well as other phases, are sufficiently complex chemically that there are numerous sets of linearly independent exchange components with which to describe the composition of a naturally occurring crystal. Even after complete chemical analysis, this leads to ambiguities in the correlation of exchange components with valid substitution mechanisms in complex phases. The best means of identifuing valid substitutions are by the observation of simple endmember compositions, the investigation of compositional changes in zoned crystals or petrogenetic sequences, and by direct experimental synthesis.