Experimental research on a newly developed detonation flame arrester
In this research, a flame arrester consists of radial slit structure is developed. In order to determine the characteristic of the newly developed flame arrester, pressure response and detonation wave velocity are measured using two radial slit structures with different inside diameter. At first, the flow characteristics for the slit structures are investigated theoretically and experimentally. Then, the slit structures are applied to the flame arrester. Detonation experiments are performed for mixture gas of air and hydrogen. It reveals that the radial slit structure with the suitable inside diameter is effective for the flame arrester.
Development of a Nozzle-Flapper-Type Servo Valve Using a Slit Structure
Pneumatic servo valves play a significant role in power transmission and system control using a pressurized gas. When pressurized air passes through servo valves, noise and pressure fluctuations are often experienced at the downstream side, and such fluctuations limit the value efficiency. In this paper, a novel four-port nozzle-flapper-type servo valve using a slit structure instead of an orifice plate is proposed. The slit structure maintains a laminar flow condition, and this provides an opportunity for the minimization of the noise and pressure fluctuations. The slit structure is fabricated using etching technology. The flow characteristics of the slit are investigated theoretically and experimentally in order to evaluate the design specifications and characteristics of the valve. The experimental results indicated that the noise level decreased by approximately 15 dB and could reduce the pressure fluctuation by 75%, compared with the previous valve. It is felt that the valve is more effective than many current valves.
Legal Process and the Discovery of Better Policies for Fostering Innovation and Growth
Our chapter concerns how legal process can lead to efficient policies for fostering innovation and growth. Future innovation will depend at least as much on how laws are made as on a priori analyses of the optimal content of those laws. Of particular importance is whether U.S. choice of law and choice of forum rules promote an efficient market for law. Our analysis supports three suggestions for improving the law to support growth. First, the rules governing the selection of the jurisdiction whose law governs productive activity can significantly affect growth and innovation. Second, any proposal aimed at increasing growth through a change in law or legal institutions should take account of the existence of multiple jurisdictions and parties’ ability to choose the jurisdiction whose law controls their transactions. Third, we suggest harnessing the power of jurisdictional competition among the states through a federal law enforcing contracting parties’ choice of law except to the extent states legislatively override the choice of law and regulate local transactions. We apply this analysis to several areas of the law that are critical to growth and innovation: non-competition clauses, business associations, the legal profession, internet law, insurance, property law, products liability, and franchise regulation.