Two Alternative System Reliability Approaches to the Serviceability Condition Assessment of Spillway Gate Systems on Dams
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers is one of the Nation’s largest managers of infrastructure. It is responsible for maintaining and operating the Nation’s navigable waterways and is the primary agency for maintaining federal flood control dams. This includes a vast amount of infrastructure that includes roughly 270 navigation dams, 350 reservoir dams, and 238 lock chambers (Bullock and Foltz 1995). The navigable inland waterways carry roughly 17% of the Nation’s intercity cargo – an important economic role (USACE 2004). Over half of the locks and dams are over 50 years old. The entire inventory is deteriorating over time and requires billions of dollars to upgrade, maintain, and repair. The Corps of Engineers requires that a strength-based reliability analysis be completed to justify major rehabilitation projects. Reliability methods are preferred for cost-benefits analyses and for quantifying risk. More often, however, it is the general serviceability of a structure that dictates the requirements for maintenance and repair. The Corps of Engineers has developed a Condition Index (CI) rating system for a variety of structures that assesses the general serviceability condition of a structure based on periodic visual inspections. A Condition Index (CI) is a rating between 0 and 100 that describes the condition of a structure at a point in time. The CI is based on a series of observations by an inspector. At the component level, the inspector classifies what he or she sees into the predefined descriptive category that best matches the observation. Some CIs also include measurements. More often, the condition scores are based on descriptive word pictures that are often vague and difficult to quantify. Chouinard et.al. (2003) developed a deterministic CI rating system for spillway gate systems on dams. The gate system contained 122 separate inspectable components, each with its own condition rating table. The structure was decomposed into a seven-level structural hierarchy of systems, sub-systems, and components. The highest levels are shown in Figure 1. Estes et.al. (2005) developed a reliability-based approach that assigns probabilistic CI ratings for groups of components, systems, and projects. The approach accounts for the considerable uncertainty associated with the CI process which includes: • Uncertainty in the ability of different inspectors to reliably choose the correct condition state and to a greater degree, the appropriate score within a condition state 17 ANALYSIS AND COMPUTATION SPECIALTY CONFERENCE th
Condition Assessment Methodology for Spillways
Abstract : The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) has primary responsibility for maintaining and operating U.S. navigable waterways and Federal flood control dams. Dam safety is a critical priority, but assessment and prioritization of dam safety concerns is difficult. This report describes a condition assessment and prioritization methodology for structural, mechanical, electrical, and operational aspects of spillways. The methodology was developed to help provide a firmer engineering basis for prioritization and decision making. The method described herein is less rigorous than conventional reliability-based risk assessment approaches. As a lower cost option it can be used as a preliminary method, a replacement, or an enhancement of conventional reliability-based assessment approaches, depending on the circumstances. Current Headquarters USACE policy for portfolio risk assessment for the dam and levee safety programs is to use the reliability-based risk assessment approach. The methodology described herein uses visual inspection data in combination with spillway function and component importance criteria to develop priority rankings. The rankings reflect the condition ratings for the spillway and its subcomponents and also indicate the significance of any deficiencies. Although the rankings assist in budget prioritization, they are not intended for use as the sole criterion for maintenance and repair of spillways. This methodology is one of several that engineers and managers of spillways and other Civil Works infrastructure can use to help maintain their infrastructure.
Mechanics of deformable directed surfaces
Abstract The paper develops a simple, yet complete and consistent non-linear dynamic thermo-elastic shell theory based on the concepts of a two-dimensional directed continuum. The constitutive equations are postulated in a general form. Stress-strain relations are derived using the equation of energy balance and the two entropy production inequalities, which are rewritten in a special form. The linear theory is discussed in detail. The structure of the stress-strain relations is presented in the most general form and then specialized to concrete examples, in particular, to the classical shell theory, using their invariance properties with respective to certain symmetry groups. The elastic moduli are determined by demanding the coincidence of the frequency dispersion surfaces obtained using the two-dimensional theory with the lowest foils of the corresponding surfaces resulting from the three-dimensional theory of elasticity.