Comparative and Competitive Advantage of Philippine Rice Production: 1966-1990
Rice self-sufficiency is a dominant policy objective. However, analysis indicates that government policies are not neutral. Thus, it hampers the realization of the potential comparative advantage of the Philippines in rice production. Results suggest that removal of price distortions that create biases against rice production makes possible the attainment of rice self-sufficiency.
The Domestic Resource Cost of Increasing Philippine Rice Production
Self-sufficiency in rice at roughly the current price is an important political-economic goal of policy makers in the Philippines. While no firm target date has been fixed, it is nonetheless clear that policy makers and the public believe that the sooner the goal is reached, the better. The political reasons for this objective include national pride and self-determination as well as domestic tranquility. A major economic reason for the policy objective is the desire to save foreign exchange. It is assumed that producing rice domestically, by any system, will use less foreign exchange than purchasing rice from abroad. While domestic production may save foreign exchange under some conditions, it is of considerable interest to identify the efficiency of saving foreign exchange by alternative production systems. This question becomes rather complex because of the necessity to evaluate the scarcity values of domestic resources and of tradable inputs and because subsidies and taxes cause the costS paid by producers to differ from the costs borne by the economy. The increased production needed to make and keep the Philippines selfsufficient could be produced by largeor small-scale farm units and in different parts of the country, depending on decisions on irrigation investment, land investment and settlement, machinery investment policies, and agricultural credit. The relative economic efficiency of the alternative methods of increasing production can be determined using the domestic resource cost (DRC) approach. 1 Specifically, the DRC is a measure of the value of domestic resources needed to produce one dollar's worth of rice. In the calculation, the foreign exchange costs are subtracted from the value of production. Hence, the DRC measures the efficiency with which foreign exchange can be saved or earned in a particular production process.
Managerial Economics and Organizational Architecture
PART 1: Basic Concepts Chapter 1: Introduction Chapter 2: Economists' View of Behavior Chapter 3: Markets, Organizations, and the Role of Knowledge PART 2: Managerial Economics Chapter 4: Demand Chapter 5: Production and Cost Chapter 6: Market Structure Chapter 7: Pricing with Market Power Chapter 8: Economics of Strategy: Creating and Capturing Value Chapter 9: Economics of Strategy: Game Theory Chapter 10: Incentive Conflicts and Contracts PART 3: Designing Organizational Architecture Chapter 11: Organizational Architecture Chapter 12: Decision Rights: The Level of Empowerment Chapter 13: Decision Rights: Bundling Tasks into Jobs and Subunits Chapter 14: Attracting and Retaining Qualified Employees Chapter 15: Incentive Compensation Chapter 16: Individual Performance Evaluation Chapter 17: Divisional Performance Evaluation Capstone Case Study on Organizational Architecture: Arthur Andersen LLP PART 4: Applications of Organizational Architecture Chapter 18: Corporate Governance Chapter 19: Vertical Integration and Outsourcing Chapter 20: Leadership: Motivating Change within Organizations Chapter 21: Understanding the Business Environment: The Economics of Regulation Chapter 22: Ethics and Organizational Architecture Chapter 23: Organizational Architecture and the Process of Management Innovation Glossary Index