The composition, structure, and distribution of benthic ostracod fauna (Ostracoda, Myodocopa) in Antarctic waters
The benthic fauna of ostracods of the order Myodocopida of Antarctic waters is characterized by high diversity, relative species abundance, and a complicated taxonomic and ecological structure, with a simplified biogeographical structure. This fauna, which is distinguished by a high level of endemicity, although at a low taxonomic rank, includes a great share of deep-sea and subtidal elements. Ostracod populations of High and Low-Antarctic subzones differ qualitatively and quantitatively. A distinct impoverishment of fauna is observed in the region of the Antarctic divergence compared to the more northern areas. The number of species increases with depth to reach its maximum in the lower subtidal zone and on the upper continental slope at depths of 200–500 m. The number of species decreases with increasing depth. Myodocopida have not been yet found in the Antarctic waters deeper than 5000 m.
Description of new members of the family Cylindroleberididae (Ostracoda: Cylindroleberidoidea) from the Southern Ocean.
We report new ostracod data (Family Cylindroleberididae) based on material collected during the German Expeditions onboard the research vessel "Polarstern" from bathyal and abyssal zones (sampling depth range from 1030 to 3963 m) in the Weddell and Scotia Seas and Drake Passage in 2002 and 2005. Four species belonging to four genera were identified in these collections. A new species, Synasterope pseudomystax, is illustrated and described. A first occurrence of an adult female is registered for Archasterope weddellensis (Kornicker, 1975). Additional description for Parasterope cf. styx Kornicker, 1975 is given. Description of Bathyleberis grossmani Kornicker, 1975 is supplemented with new data on the distribution. Additionally, keys for all species known for Antarctic waters are included.
Legal Process and the Discovery of Better Policies for Fostering Innovation and Growth
Our chapter concerns how legal process can lead to efficient policies for fostering innovation and growth. Future innovation will depend at least as much on how laws are made as on a priori analyses of the optimal content of those laws. Of particular importance is whether U.S. choice of law and choice of forum rules promote an efficient market for law. Our analysis supports three suggestions for improving the law to support growth. First, the rules governing the selection of the jurisdiction whose law governs productive activity can significantly affect growth and innovation. Second, any proposal aimed at increasing growth through a change in law or legal institutions should take account of the existence of multiple jurisdictions and parties’ ability to choose the jurisdiction whose law controls their transactions. Third, we suggest harnessing the power of jurisdictional competition among the states through a federal law enforcing contracting parties’ choice of law except to the extent states legislatively override the choice of law and regulate local transactions. We apply this analysis to several areas of the law that are critical to growth and innovation: non-competition clauses, business associations, the legal profession, internet law, insurance, property law, products liability, and franchise regulation.