Electric Field Heat Transfer Augmentation During Condensation of Nonconducting Fluids on a Horizontal Surface
Experiments were carried out to determine the heat transfer coefficient during condensation on the underside of a horizontal plate with and without an electric field applied perpendicular to the plate. An expression is presented, correlating the augmentation of the heat transfer coefficient to the most unstable wavelength of the electrohydrodynamical instability of the condensate-vapor interface.
A review of electrohydrodynamic enhancement of heat transfer
The heat transfer duty of heat exchangers can be improved by heat transfer enhancement techniques. In general, these techniques can be divided into two groups: active and passive techniques. The active techniques require external forces, e.g. electric field, acoustic or surface vibration etc. The passive techniques require fluid additives or special surface geometries. Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) techniques have been introduced as one of the types of active heat transfer enhancement techniques. This paper presents a review of research works on electrohydrodynamic heat transfer enhancement. This paper can be used as the first guideline for the researcher in using EHD techniques for heat transfer enhancement.
Male/female ratio in electroantennogram responses of the american cockroach to (+)-trans-verbenyl acetate and related compounds: Relationship between the ratio and sex pheromonal activity☆
Abstract 1. 1. The male/female (M/F) ratio in the EAG response of the American cockroach were evaluated for the sex pheromone mimic, (+)- trans -verbenyl acetate, and its analogs, using the male and female EAG amplitudes at 50 μg on the lines which indicate the dose effect on the EAG amplitudes. 2. 2. The ratio values were related to the potency of sex pheromonal activity of the compounds. 3. 3. The ratio value increased with increase of pheromonal activity. 4. 4. The pheromonally inactive analogs were regarded as general odors from their small M/F ratio values.