On the Forced Convective Flow between Two Corrugated Cylinders
The forced heat convection in the flow between two corrugated cylinders, whose generators are parallel to the flow direction, is studied through perturbation on the small amplitude of the corrugations. The coupled effects of frictional heating and non-linear interaction of the boundaries on the heat transfer rate are obtained.
Heat transfer enhancement with elliptical tube under turbulent flow TiO2-water nanofluid
Heat transfer and friction characteristics were numerically investigated, 
 employing elliptical tube to increase the heat transfer rate with a minimum 
 increase of pressure drop. The flow rate of the tube was in a range of 
 Reynolds number between 10000 and 100000. FLUENT software is used to solve 
 the governing equation of CFD (continuity, momentum and energy) by means of a 
 finite volume method (FVM). The electrical heater is connected around the 
 elliptical tube to apply uniform heat flux (3000 W/m2) as a boundary 
 condition. Four different volume concentrations in the range of 0.25% to 1% 
 and different TiO2 nanoparticle diameters in the range of 27 nm to 50 nm, 
 dispersed in water are utilized. The CFD numerical results indicate that the 
 elliptical tube can enhance heat transfer and friction factor by 
 approximately 9% and 6% than the circular tube respectively. The results show 
 that the Nusselt number and friction factor increase with decreasing 
 diameters but increasing volume concentrations of nanoparticles.
LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTING OF SEED SPACING UNIFORMITY FOR SUGARBEET PLANTERS
Five planter configurations were evaluated for seed spacing uniformity at three field speeds using a seed 
location method in the field and a laboratory method involving an opto-electronic sensor system. Planter seed spacing 
uniformity was described using the Coefficient of Precision (CP3) measure. Results showed that CP3 measures 
determined using the laboratory test method were significantly different from those determined using the field test method. 
This indicated the laboratory test method cannot be used to predict planter seed spacing uniformity in the field. Seed 
spacing uniformity determined in laboratory tests was higher than, or equal to, seed spacing uniformity determined in 
field tests. This indicated the laboratory test method may be useful to screen out planters or planter units with poor 
uniformity of seed metering. Field testing of the planters that perform well in laboratory tests must be conducted to 
adequately determine the seed spacing uniformity of those planters in the field. Results from laboratory and field tests 
could be useful in determining areas for improvement of planters or planter units.