A novel approach for an automated liquid/liquid extraction system—principle and application for the determination of several trace contaminants in highly alloyed steels and base alloys
AbstractA novel automated liquid/liquid extraction system was developed for the determination of trace contaminants in unalloyed, alloyed and highly alloyed steels and super alloys. In the presented batch extraction system the aqueous phase and the non-water miscible organic phase were brought into close phase contact by high-speed stirring with a magnetic stir bar. Iodide complexes of Ag, Bi, Cd, Pb, Sb, Sn, Tl, and Zn were extracted from aqueous steel digests into 4-methylpentan-2-one (MIBK) containing 20 g L−1 trioctylphosphine oxide. Ag, Bi, Cd, Pb, and Tl were extracted quantitatively whereas the extraction yields of Sb, Sn, and Zn were 83%, 61% and 75% respectively. Using high resolution continuum source flame AAS (HR-CS-FAAS) for analyte quantification the method was validated using 21 certified steel reference materials (CRMs).
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Science and technology of tributyl phosphate
Volume 3 is primarily devoted to the PUREX process, with special emphasis on its chemistry. Chapter 1 describes the general process layout and special flowsheets applied in various plants, together with the chemistry of both the product elements and the process reagents. Two more chapters deal with the details of fission product and neptunium behavior in the process. Another nuclear application of tributyl phosphate (TBP) solvent extraction is the recovery of plutonium values from fuel fabrication scrap and similar wastes, which is treated in Chapter 4. Computer modeling of extraction processes is an exciting and most useful area where great progress has been made in recent years, and this is dealt with in Chapter 5. Finally, there are extraction procedures where TBP does not primarily act as an extractant by itself, but instead is used as a phase modifier to improve the compatibility of reactants in a different extractant-diluent system.
The selective solvent extraction of cadmium by mixtures of carboxylic acids and trialkylphosphine sulphides. Part 1. The origin and scope of the synergistic effect
Abstract The effect of neutral organophosphorus compounds on the solvent extraction of cadmium and zinc by solutions of various carboxylic acids in xylene is reported. Sulphurdonor compounds, especially trialkylphosphine sulphides, were found to cause strong synergistic shifts in the extraction of cadmium (up to 2.2 pH units for 0.25 M of each extractant), and considerably smaller shifts for zinc (up to 0.7 pH units), thus enabling the separation of these metals. The extent of the synergistic shifts depends markedly on the identity of the carboxylic acid used: for simple alkanoic acids the effect increases in the order primary Oxygen-donor organophosphorus compounds, such as trialkyl phosphates and trialkylphosphine oxides, were found to give relatively small synergistic shifts (up to 1.0 pH unit) in the extraction of cadmium and zinc by DIPSA and antagonistic effects (up to 0.5 pH units) in the extraction of these metals by BTMHA.