Les dispositifs d'entreprise en direction des familles
This research provides an overview of the facilities proposed by French companies to help their employees, not only to reconcile work and family life, but more widely in the fulfillment of their parental responsibilities. The commitment of companies is strongly framed by the legislation and by the conventional regulations, and the companies' support comes from various sources: Human resources departments, collective bargaining and works councils. The research also captures how work-life balance facilities are bargained. The first part of the report is devoted to the findings of quantitative analysis while the second part describes the diverse provisions enabling employees to improve their parental duties based on a qualitative study. The third part examines the content of some innovative collective agreements on work-life balance and parenthood. In the last part of the report, different commitment regimes are identified with respect to the combination of practices from the social partners within the company, taking account of the contrasted commitment of the trade unions in this issue, as also of the constraints due to the size of the company, the characteristics of the workforce, the profile of the employer and the cultural and historical background of the company.
Family Policies in Germany and France: The Role of Enterprises and Social Partners
Although France and Germany are commonly classified as Bismarckian welfare regimes, they differ significantly in terms of family policy. For a long time, social and family policy in (West) Germany was focused on the male-breadwinner model of married couples. This was based on the expectation that women, in particular married women with children, would withdraw from the labour market permanently, or at least temporarily. Whereas care by mothers was massively subsidized by state family policy, the expansion of the childcare infrastructure was neglected and progressed only very slowly compared to the situation in many other countries of Europe. France, on the contrary, is one of the European countries where childcare services are particularly widespread, giving mothers the option to combine paid work and motherhood. Nevertheless, significant changes are happening in both countries. Concern over the demographic trends and low birth rates (in particular in Germany) have refocused attention on family policy in recent years. In Germany, it has now become a key field of debate and policy, and new actors have appeared on the scene. This article proposes to compare the latest developments in both countries, highlighting the contribution of enterprises and social partners to work–life balance, re-analysing the different types of familialism characterizing both countries.
Mangone's concise marine almanac
Measurements of marine forms physical-political marine features naval forces merchant marines and ports fisheries marine and seabed minerals pollution of the marine environment.