Law and Literature: Its Possibilities and Limitations [法律与文学：可能性及其限度]
Law and Literature is an academic movement originated from American law schools in 1970s, and developed into a school or a field of legal studies. Yet there were also a lot suspicions and criticisms that accompanied its development. Law and Literature is an intellectually constructed union of some different disciplines’ studies, without any universal methodology. As both object and approach of Law and Literature studies, literature has two implications. In the narrow sense of the word, literature and law are two kinds of comparative tools of social control. The long-standing tensions between them restrict their cooperation. In the narrow sense of the word, literature contains law: Legal works are parts of the ubiquitous texts. The normally logical attribution and empirically social attribution of Law and Literature studies have specified its fate of neither prosperity nor perishment. The Law and Literature movement in America provides various possibilities and inspirations for the innovation of Chinese legal studies.
The City and the Poet
t Professor of Law, Yale Law School. I thank Ina Bort, Peter Brooks, Robert Burt, Gene Coakley, Ariela Dubler, Robert Ferguson, Oren Izenberg, Carol Rose, Catherine Sharkey, and participants in workshops at Columbia University and Tel Aviv University. Jessica BulmanPozen, Aaron Crowell, Matthew Fagin, Cary Franklin, Michael Gottlieb, and Allegra di Bonaventura Hogan provided excellent research assistance. 1835
Thermal stability of reconstituted collagen fibrils. Shrinkage characteristics upon in vitro maturation
Thermal stability measured as area shrinkage without tension during heating was determined for membranes of collagen fibrils reconstituted from solutions of highly purified rat skin collagens. Shrinkage in per cent of area at 25 degrees C and shrinkage temperature were quantitated in a standardized way and determined as a function of in vitro maturation time for 11 to 104 days after aggregation for the collagen membranes. Similar to reports on intact rat skin, shrinkage temperature remained constant and shrinkage per cent declined with a rate decreasing with time during maturation. Solubility in water at 80 degrees C for 2 hours was 95-96% and remained unchanged for the maturation time (about 2 months) studied. The decreased shrinkage reflecting a lower degree of collapse is ascribed to an increasing thermal stability of the membranes during maturation. Development of heat-stable bonds in the reconstituted collagen fibrils is taken up to be amenable to this increased stability. Similarity in changes of shrinkage characteristics during in vivo and in vitro maturation indicates that maturation changes in reconstituted collagen fibrils reflect those occurring in intact collagen during in vivo aging.