A new alternaria leaf spot of sapindus emarginatus vahl. from india
Inspite of considerable importance of leaf spot diseases much attention has not so far been paid towards them. Severe infections may be responsible for complete defoliations which may ultimately bring the life of the entire plant at stake. During the last three years the author collected a number of leaf spot flmgi from several new hosts in Maharashtra (India). During the cold season of 1963 the writer noticed a distinct leaf-spot disease oil Sapindus emarginatus VAHL., popularly known as "Soapnut-tree" growing ill the Little Flower School premises, Aurangabad. The disease at tracted special attention due to its severe nature and great economic importance of the tree in India as the soapnuts are used as substitute for soap and in medicine. Critical examination of the fungus in sections as well as in culture showed formation of abundant spores and was later identified as a new species of Alternaria. The disease manifests itself in the form of small, circular spots with ashy black to dark brown spots scattered all over the leaf. These spots could be easily recognised from the spots which were previously reported caused by Phyllosticta.
New species of Alternaria from Marathwada (India)
The paper deals with two new species ofAlternaria, Alternaria nyctanthi onNyctanthes arbortristis Linn. andAlternaria tropaeoli onTropaeolum majus L.
Instrumentation and Automated Photometric Titration Procedure for Total Acidity Determination in Red Wine Employing a Multicommuted Flow System
An automated procedure for photometric titration of red wine and associated instrumentation is described. The procedure was based on the flow-batch approach implemented employing multicommutation. The photometric detection was carried out using a homemade LED-based photometer. The mixing device, LED, and photodetector were attached to the titration chamber in order to form a compact and small-sized unit. The flow system comprised an automatic injector and three-way solenoid valves, which were controlled by a microcomputer through an electronic interface card. The software, written in Quick BASIC 4.5, was designed with abilities to accomplish all steps of the titration procedure including data acquisition and real-time processing to decide about the course of titration in the following step and so forth, until the titration endpoint was reached. The usefulness of the proposed titration system was demonstrated by analyzing red wine samples. When results were compared with those obtained using the AOAC reference method, no significant difference was observed at the 95% confidence level. A relative standard deviation of ca  2% (n=9 ) was obtained when processing a typical red wine sample containing 7.3 gl -1 total acidity expressed as tartaric acid.