No Prisoner Left Behind? Enhancing Public Transparency of Penal Institutions
Prisoners suffer life-long debilitating effects of their incarceration, making them a subordinated class of people for life. This article examines how prison conditions facilitate subordination and concludes that enhancing transparency is the first step towards equality. Anti-subordination efforts led to enhanced transparency in schools, a similar but not identical institution. This article argues that federal school transparency measures provide a rudimentary and balanced framework for enhancing prison transparency.
Detecting anomalies in data on government violence
Abstract Can data on government coercion and violence be trusted when the data are generated by state itself? In this paper, we investigate the extent to which data from the California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation (CDCR) regarding the use of force by corrections officers against prison inmates between 2008 and 2017 conform to Benford's Law. Following a growing data forensics literature, we expect misreporting of the use-of-force in California state prisons to cause the observed data to deviate from Benford's distribution. Statistical hypothesis tests and further investigation of CDCR data—which show both temporal and cross-sectional variance in conformity with Benford's Law—are consistent with misreporting of the use-of-force by the CDCR. Our results suggest that data on government coercion generated by the state should be inspected carefully before being used to test hypotheses or make policy.
Degradable polymers : principles and applications
1. Why Biodegradable Polymers? G. Scott. 2. An Overview of Biodegradable Polymers and Biodegradation of Polymers S.H. Huang. 3. Degradation and Stabilization of Carbon-Chain Polymers G. Scott. 4. Techniques and Methods of Polymer Degradation S. Karlsson, A.-C. Albertsson. 5. Biodegradation of Aliphatic Polyesters Suming Li, M. Vert. 6. Starch-Polymer Composites C. Bastioli. 7. Polymers from Renewable Sources E. Chiellini, et al. 8. Sustainable Poly(Hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) Production G. Braunegg. 9. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Properties and Modification for High Volume Application I. Chodak. 10. Biodegradable Polymers in Medicine E Piskin. 11. Environmentally Biodegradable Water-Soluble Polymers G. Swift. 12. Plastics and the Environment J. Guillet. 13. Degradable Hydrocarbon Polymers in Waste and Litter Control G. Scott, D.M. Wiles. Subject Index.