Seismic Behavior of Steel Structure with Buckling-Restrained Braces ( BRB )
One of the main purposes of designing bucklingrestrained braces is the fact that the entire lateral load is wasted by the braces, the entire gravitational load is moved to the foundation through the beams, and the columns can be moved to the foundation. In other words, braces are designed for bearing lateral load. In the implementation of the structure, it should be noted that the implementation of various parts of the structure must be conducted in such a way that the buckling-restrained braces would not bear the gravitational load. Moreover, this type of brace has been investigated under impact loading, and the design goals of designing method (direct motion) are controlled under impact loading. The results of dynamic analysis are shown as the relocation charts of the floors and switch between the floors. Finally, the results are compared with each other. Keywords—Buckling-Restrained Braced Frame (BRBF), energydissipating, ABAQUS, SAP2000, impact load.
BEHAVIOR AND DESIGN OF STRUCTURES WITH BUCKLING-RESTRAINED BRACES
Energy dissipation capacity and earthquake response of steel structures installed with buckling-restrained braces (BRB) were investigated, and a straightforward design procedure to meet a given target displacement was developed. A formulation for optimum yield strength of BRB that maximize the equivalent damping ratio was derived, and nonlinear dynamic time-history analyses were carried out to investigate the seismic response of model structures with BRB. The analysis results show that the maximum displacements of structures generally decrease as the stiffness of the brace increases, and that the maximum displacement of the model structures designed in accordance with the proposed method corresponds well with the given target displacement.
Flow in a branching open channel: a review
Branching channel flow refers to any side water withdrawals from rivers or main channels. Branching channels have wide application in many practical projects, such as irrigation and drainage network systems, water and waste water treatment plants, and many water resources projects. In the last decades, extensive theoretical and experimental investigations of the branching open channels have been carried out to understand the characteristics of this branching flow, varying from case studies to theoretical and experimental investigations. The objectives of this paper are to review and summarise the relevant literatures regarding branching channel flow. These literatures were reviewed based on flow characteristics, physical characteristics, and modeling of the branching flow. Investigations of the flow into branching channel show that the branching discharge depends on many interlinked parameters. It increases with the decreasing of the main channel flow velocity and Froude number at the upstream of the branch channel junction. Also it increases with the increasing of the branch channel bed slope. In subcritical flow, water depth in the branch channel is always lower than the main channel water depth. The flow diversion to the branch channel leads to an increase of water depth at the downstream of the main channel. From the review, it is important to highlight that most of the study concentrated on flow characteristics in a right angle branch channel with a rigid boundary. Investigations on different branching angles with movable bed have still to be explored.