Inspection and Image Analysis of Nickel Sulphide Inclusions in Toughened Glass Panels
Nickel sulphide is a kind of detrimental inclusion in toughened glass panels. Once the critical conditions are satisfied, the inclusion will cause the shattering of glass panels. An inspection tool was developed for rapid detection of inclusions. More than one thousand pieces of glass were inspected and seventeen of them were found with inclusions. With the experiment of heat soak, and analysis of dispersive energy spectrum, the appearance of nickel sulfide inclusion was presented, which can be used as guidance of in-line inspection of glass panels. The optical system was improved to get clear image of inclusions inside glass panels. Auto focus technique was used to measure the depth of inclusions, which can provide a parameter for the categorization of inclusions
In situ inspection of inclusions in toughened glass panels of high-rise buildings
Transparent toughened glass panels are widely installed in high-rise buildings. There is a growing need for inspection to detect the presence of detrimental inclusions of Nickel Sulfide. These inclusions can cause toughened glass to shatter, possibly causing property damage or injury. Optical equipment has been developed which can detect the inclusions in-situ. Light is coupled into a glass panel and propagates along the glass by total internal reflection. An inclusion in the glass will cause the light to scatter. Once an inclusion is found, it will be observed at higher magnification and the detailed image will be processed. By the analysis of its key features, the inclusion type can be identified. The coupling medium is made of a transparent, soft and deformable material. The equipment can be attached to a glass panel by vacuum suction. The optical system can scan the whole glass panel with a constant force spring as anti-weight structure. The whole system is fast, convenient and highly effective. A patent has been filed for this apparatus.
Micro‐Raman Analysis of Carbon Inclusions in Heavy‐Metal Fluoride Glasses
While vitreous carbon crucibles can be used to produce high-quality heavy-metal fluoride glasses using low concentrations of SF 6 gas (15%), pure SF 6 gas produces low-quality and high-scattering glasses. This has been attributed to contamination by vitreous carbon particles by a fallback mechanism due to reaction of SF 6 gas with the crucible walls above the melt. The detrimental effect of carbon particles is further highlighted by their high scattering efficiency factor which indicates that only 37 particles of 1-μm diameter can be tolerated in an optical fiber for attaining 0.01 dB/km loss