Intelligent Control System of BOF Steelmaking
0n the basis of analyzing BOF steelmaking characteristics, a prediction model and control model based on neural network were established. Taking endpoint temperature and endpoint carbon content as control target, oxygen-blown volume and added coolant were calculated, then endpoint control of convert steelmaking was realized. Simulation results show that the simulation result of endpoint temperature and carbon content are satisfying and control strategy is very effective. The application results demonstrate the efficiency of the method.
An Improved Dynamic Model of the Vanadium Extraction Process in Steelmaking Converters
The production process from iron ore to steel can be divided into several stages, among which the processes of vanadium extraction and steelmaking are two key technological sections. The products of vanadium extraction are important strategic resources for modern industrial countries, and the remaining molten iron after vanadium extraction provides the material used in the subsequent steelmaking processes. In some mechanism models of vanadium extraction and the steelmaking process, the contact area of the reactions is considered to be constant in the empirical formula; furthermore, even the masses of the molten steel and slag are taken to be constants. This paper presents an important improvement to the existing models, in which the contact areas of the slag–metal interface and the emulsion system are considered to be non-constant. The improved model is simple and easy to analyze theoretically. Theoretical analysis of the model equations can be used to explain the competitive oxidation between each element, as well as the oxygen conservation of the system. The numerical simulations are consistent with existing production data, showing that the mass fraction of vanadium can be reduced to the specified threshold after about 3.5 min of blowing, which provides an important reference for production control. Furthermore, it is shown that the model captures the “trapezoid” structure of the decarburization rate. This paper also considers the relationship between FeO and O, the numerical simulation partly reflecting the dependence between the concentrations of FeO and O. The improved model can be used to describe and predict the change of the molten steel and slag composition in the process of vanadium extraction, which provides a mathematical foundation for the automatic control of the vanadium extraction process.
Study on Anisotropy in CoFeZrRE Amorphous Films
The coherent anisotropy has been studied in amorphous(Co_ 73 Fe_ 20 Zr_ 7 )_ 100-x (RE)_ x films with variety of magnetic rare earth elements,and their concentration(0≤x≤3).The origin of the in-plane uniaxial anisotropy Ku and the perpendicular anisotropy Kp has been discussed.The sputter deposition was performed in a magnetic field.For RE=Nd,Pr,Dy and Tb,the formation of well-defined Ku is related to the single-ion anisotropy of RE atoms.When RE=Gd and Sm,a biaxial anisotropy(Ku and Kp)develops,which is expected to be related to the simultaneous formation of two distinct local structural configurations when the deposition temperature is higher than the critical value.