[A statistical method for the determination of the yield correlation of antibiotic-producing microorganisms].
The antibiotic yields of industrial selectants must be checked at several steps of cultivation. Here the question arises whether the activities at the different levels of cultivation are correlated. The common coefficient of correlation cannot be used because repeated determinations of the yield at one selectant result in different values. In order to have only one fixed value per selectant we define the mean value around which the observed values are varying. But these mean values cannot be observed. Thus, an adequate method of correlation similar to that in Guiard and Herrendörfer (1977) was used. The method is demonstrated in two examples: With selectants of Streptomyces noursei for streptothricin titers in 20 ml- and 20 l-cultures as well as with selectants of Penicillium chrysogenum for potency indices in surface cultures and penicillin titers in 50 ml submerged cultures, respectively. In both cases the coefficients of correlation were above 0.7.
Das Autoselect‐System – ein Automatensystem zur Selektion von Antibiotikaproduzenten. I. Methodische Grundlagen und Umfang des Systems
The methodical principle of an automated selection system for antibiotic producers, the Autoselectsystem, consisting of six machines and a computer is explained. In order to work with this machines the following material is needed: Cassettes with 64 microculture cups for cultivation of colonies on agar, cassettes with glass-tubes for dilution of samples, and test-plates with 64 holes for performing the agar diffusion test. The cups, the tubes and holes are arranged in a pattern of 8×8. In a serie of papers the machines will be described.
The status of FAO and codex alimentarius developments on vegetable proteins
The FAO is interested in increasing world protein supplies both by advising and assisting developing countries to increase their production of staple foods and by encouraging the development of technology to produce protein concentrates both from vegetable and animal sources to supplement diets which are low in protein content. Recent revisions of the amount of protein required in the diet in relation to total per capita energy requirements and the difficulties encountered in introducing novel foods into established dietary patterns has led FAO to concentrate on increased agricultural productions in developing countries as the primary means of combatting malnutrition. In the meantime, in North America and Europe, advances in the technology of processing vegetable proteins has given highly acceptable products simulating meats which are being used as meat extenders and meat analogues. The consequent increase in vegetable protein production has revealed a need for international, agreement on standardization, and it has been agreed that this will be undertaken by the Joint FAO/WHO Food Standards’ Programme. The program operates chiefly through the Codex Alimentarius, Commission, an international governmental body, the purpose of which is to protect consumers against health hazard in food and against fraud. The Commission, which has 116 member governments, controls an intensive program of work covering the composition, labeling, additives, contaminants, pesticide residues, hygiene, sampling and analysis aspects of foods and has established a procedure which allows member governments ample opportunity to reach agreement on food standards and to accept them for incorporation into national legislation. The Codex Commission, at its 12th session, decided to establish a Committee on Vegetable Proteins with the following terms of references: “to elaborate definitions and world-wide standards for vegetable protein products deriving from soybeams, cottonseed, groundnuts, cereals and from other vegetable sources as they come into use for human consumption, and to elaborate guidelines on utilization of such vegetable protein products in the food supply system, on nutritional requirements and safety on labeling and on other aspects as may seem appropriate.” The question of which country will host the Committee is still under discussion.