SOFT LAW SEBAGAI SEBUAH STRATEGI : STUD KASUS PIAGAM ASEAN (ASEAN CHARTER)
Abstrak One indicator of the effectiveness of cooperation can be seen from: whether the agreement is soft law or hard law. Cooperation with soft law form  tends to be ineffective because there is no binding consequences, while  hard law form tend to be effective because the consequences are binding. Interestingly, countries drafting their cooperation in the form of soft law, at the expense of the effectiveness of their cooperation. By taking a case study of the ASEAN  Charter, this article came to the conclusion that soft law chosen as a strategy to secure national interests when cooperation assessed no longer profitable. Key Word: Hard Law, Soft Law, Strategy
Legal Issue in the Matter of Cross-Border Insolvency in Indonesia Based on Law No. 37 Of 2004 on the Insolvency and Postponement of Debt Payment Obligation
The issue of cross-border insolvency is growing rapidly in line of the global economic movement. The foreign elements on insolvency process raises question on the States’ jurisdiction, the Court’s authority to adjudicate the case of cross-border insolvency, the recognition of Indonesia’s court decision on insolvency in another State, as well as the issue of Curator’s authority to cooperate with another State officials. In Indonesian insolvency law, the issue of cross-border insolvency is limitedly regulated and unable to resolve the arising legal issues. The inconsistency of the application on territoriality and universality principle in Law No. 37 of 2004 on the Insolvency and Postponement of Debt Payment Obligation causes the difficulty on executing the insolvency assets in another State’s territory and vice versa. Thus, an adequate cross-border insolvency legal framework is required to provide legal certainty for the business actors in Indonesia by adopting the existing legal framework through international agreements and reforming the Indonesian insolvency law.
Lupin alkaloids from teratogenic and nonteratogenic lupins. II. Identification of the major alkaloids by tandem gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in plants producing crooked calf disease.
The major alkaloids of lupin plants producing crooked calf disease were identified by tandem gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and infrared analysis. The gas chromatography peak invariably present in teratogenic plants proved to be anagyrine. A minor but irregular contaminant of the peak was α-isolupanine. Other alkaloids present but apparently not associated with crooked calf disease were lupanine and two others that were probably epimethoxylupanine and 5,6-dehydrolupanine.