Study on preparing fatty acid by hydrolyzing Jatropha Curcasl Oil with lipase
Used tween-80 as emulsifier, industrial lipase as catalyst to hydrolyze Jatropha Curcasl Oil and make mixed fatty acid. We discussed the enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, temperature and time on hydrolysis. Through the experiment, we found that when we used emulsifier which contains 2% oil in the system, we could get the optimal parameter for hydrolysis of waste oil from restaurants as follows: concentration of catalyst 4% (W/W), weight ratio of oil to water 1:4 (W/W), temperature at 40°C, and hydrolysis time is 32h. Under these conditions, the AV(acid value) of hydrolyzed rapeseed oil reached 163.2 mg KOH/g, and hydrolytic rate arrived at 89.6%.
Research Status of Biodiesel Production by Enzymatic Method and Its Prospect
Non-renewable energy sources are declining. As a renewable energy and friendly to the environment, the technology of lipase catalyzed synthesis biodiesel has received extensive attentions. This paper reviews the sorts of lipase, resources of materials, and the methods of lipase use. Meanwhile, it points out the tendency of the research and development of lipase catalyzed synthesis biodiesel. It also provides ideas of biodiesel in the future.
The honesty of thinking : reflections on critical thinking in Nietzsche's middle period and the later Heidegger
This dissertation engages with contemporary interpretations of Nietzsche and Heidegger on the issue of self-knowing with respect to the notions of honesty and authenticity. Accounting for the two philosophers' developing conceptions of these notions allows a response to interpreters who conceive the activity of self-knowing as a primarily personal problem. The alternative accounts proposed take as a point of departure transitional texts that reveal both thinkers to be engaged in processes of revision. The reading of honesty in Chapters 1 and 2 revolves around Nietzsche's groundwork on prejudice in Morgenrothe (1880-81), where he first problematizes the moral-historical forces entailed in actuating the 'will to truth'. The reading of authenticity in Chapters 3 and 4 revolves around Heidegger's lectures on what motivates one's thinking in Was heist Denken? (1951-52). The lectures call into question his previous formal suppositions on what calls forth one's 'will-to-have-a-conscience', in an interpretation of Parmenides on the issue of thought's linguistic determination, discussed further in the context of Unterwegs zur Sprache (1950-59). Chapter 5 shows how Heidegger's confrontation with Nietzsche contributed to his ongoing revisions to the notion of authenticity, and to the attending conceptions of critique and its authority. Particular attention is given to the specific purposes to which distinct Nietzschean foils are put near the confrontation's beginning--in Heidegger's lectures on Nietzsche's second Unzeitgemasse Betrachtung (1938), and in the monograph entitled Besinnung (1939) which they prepare--and near its end, in the interpretation of Also Sprach Zarathustra (1883-85) presented in the first half of Was heist Denken? Chapter 6 recapitulates the developments traced from the vantage point of the retrospective texts Die Zollikoner Seminare (1959-72) and the fifth Book of Die frohliche Wissenschaft (1887). Closing remarks are made in relation to recent empirical research on the socio-environmental structures involved in determining self-identity.