Notice of RetractionEvaluation on the Stability of Rock Mass Deformation Based on Chaotic Muation -RPNN Model
To analysis the stability of rock mass long-term developing deformation,the chaotic muation -RPNN model is built. Combining the chaos theory,the muation theory is introduced, and the stability of rock mass deformation is evaluated by chaotic muation -RPNN model. The lost measured displacement data are interpolated by using the higher order polynomial methos, and the long-term displacement is forecasted,and the stability of rock mass long-term developing deformation is analyzed. Research shows that the strend of predicted displacement is approximately the same as that of measuring displacement,and there is no suddenly dropped or sudden increased phenomena,and the displacement increasing strend of some measuring point remains stable with Lower growth trend, and the deformation of rock mass is strending to be stable.
Multi-Offset Recurrent Neural Network Model for Displacement Prediction of High Wall Rock Mass
It’s an important research project to forecast deformation of high wall of underground house during designing and constructing. The neural network is optimized and the multi-offset recurrent neural network is built to predict deformation. The maximum predictable number of days is calculated by calculating the maximum Lyapunov exponent, and the structure of neural network is optimized through chaotic characteristics. The example shows that the errors between prediction values and measuring ones are all no more than 10%, so the precision is high and results are credible on real time.
Natural Radioactivity of Intrusive-Metamorphic and Sedimentary Rocks of the Balkan Mountain Range (Serbia, Stara Planina)
Stara Planina (also known as the Balkan mountain range) is known for numerous occurrences and deposits of uranium and associated radionuclides. It is also famous for its geodiversity. The geologic framework is highly complex. The mountain is situated between the latitudes of 43° and 44° N and the longitudes from 22°16′ to 23°00′ E. Uranium exploration and radioactivity testing on Stara Planina began back in 1948. Uranium has also been mined in the zone of Kalna, within the Janja granite intrusive. The naturally radioactive geologic units of Stara Planina are presented in detail in this paper. The main sources of radioactivity on Stara Planina can be classified as: 1. Granitic endogenous—syngenetic–epigenetic deposits and occurrences; 2. Metamorphogenic—syngenetic; and 3. Sedimentary, including occurrences of uranium deposition and fluctuation caused by water in different types of sedimentary rocks formed in a continental setting, which could be classified under epigenetic types. The area of Stara Planina with increased radioactivity (higher than 200 cps), measured by airborne gamma spectrometry, is about 380 square kilometers. The highest values of measured radioactivity and uranium grade were obtained from a sample taken from the Mezdreja uranium mine tailing dump, where 226Ra measures 2600 ± 100 Bq/kg and the uranium grade is from 76.54 to 77.65 ppm U. The highest uranium (and lead) concentration, among all samples, is measured in graphitic schist with high concentrations of organic (graphitic) material from the Inovska Series—99.47 ppm U and 107.69 ppm Pb. Thorium related radioactivity is the highest in granite samples from the Janja granite in the vicinity of the Mezdreja granite mine and the Gabrovnica granite mine tailing dump, and it is the same—250 ± 10 Bq/kg for 232Th, while the thorium grade varies from 30.82 to 60.27 ppm Th. In gray siltstones with a small amount of organic material, the highest radioactivity is related to potassium—2080 ± 90 Bq/kg for 40K.