Non-linear soil structure interaction of shear wall system with super element
Shear wall is commonly employed as a principal element to resist lateral loads due to wind or earthquake forces. An accurate model for shear wall system needs to consider the effect of all components for analyses i.e. shear wall, foundation and subsoil. This investigation presents modeling of shear wall structure - foundation and soil system using the super element, finite and infinite elements after considering soil nonlinearity. A finite element program has been written based on the proposed physical and material model for the analysis of the system. The applicability of the proposed idealization has been shown by analyzing a shear wall structure under static loading. In order to explore the efficiency of using super elements, an attempt has also been made to model the shear wall building using fully conventional finite element discretization. Furthermore the paper investigates the necessity of including soil structure interaction in analyzing shear wall structures. The results obtained from the analysis of shear wall model considering five different types of soil for the soil media show that the influence of soil interaction is very significant in the displacement as well as stresses induced in shear wall. Furthermore this investigation highlighted the effect of considering nonlinearity of soil in total displacement and stresses in shear wall system.
EFFECT OF SOIL PROPERTIES ON RC WALL RESPONSES
All reinforced concrete structures and buildings in contact with soil are directly affected by the interaction between the soil foundation and the structure. In this work, a nonlinear analysis of wall and flexible foundations under monotonous loading is investigated. The plasticity theory using the finite element concept is used to simulate the structure and the soil media responses. This work integrates the behavior of the soil and the structure to obtain the whole structure response. The fixed base assumption does not reflect the real behavior of the structure, but soil properties show an influence on the system response. As conclusion, vertical displacements are significant through the foundation space but horizontal ones are very important in deep levels of soil.
Simulation and control of hybrid renewable energy system connected to the grid
This paper presents a control and simulation of hybrid renewable energy system connected to the grid. The studied system includes a photovoltaic panel, synchronous permanent magnet generator based wind turbine, and a battery for storage energy. The PV array and wind systems are connected to the common DC bus by a boost converter. The battery is connected by a bi-directional DC/DC converter, and then integrated into the AC utility grid via a common DC/AC inverter. In order to extract the maximum energy, a simulation study has been carried out according to the meteorological conditions (wind speed and variable solar irradiance) while maintaining power quality at a satisfactory level. In order to capture the maximum power, a MPPT algorithm is applied for both wind turbine and photovoltaic panel. The modeling and simulation of the whole system has been performed under Matlab/Simulink environment. The obtained results show that the current and the voltage of grid side are sinusoidal and alternative forms, and the power injected to the grid is around the power produced by the hybrid system.