Proposed photovoltaic module form factor to reduce levelized cost of energy
This paper discusses a proposed photovoltaic (PV) module form factor designed for utility-scale, one-axis tracking projects. The purpose of the form factor is to: 1) reduce total installed costs for utility-scale projects; 2) improve module reliability; 3) reduce operating and maintenance (O&M) costs, and 4) improve the project return on investment. The proposed module uses a double-glass construction to improve reliability and service lifetime in a form factor that is longer and narrower than existing 60-cell modules. This form factor places more module area per linear meter of torque tube when used with single-axis trackers. These changes are expected to lower the levelized cost of energy.
Fast curing ethylene vinyl acetate films with dual curing agent towards application as encapsulation materials for photovoltaic modules
To speed up curing of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) films as encapsulation materials for photovoltaic modules, a dual curing agent of benzoyl peroxide (BPO) and butylperoxy 2-ethylhexyl carbonate (TBEC) was introduced in this work. The experimental results indicated that for the weight ratio of BPO/TBEC of 0.6/2.4, over 80% gel content of EVA was yielded after curing at 130°C for 12 min. Compared with the case of single curing agent, the present one obviously operated at much lower temperature with faster rate. By carefully studying the influence of curing agent proportion and curing con- ditions on gel content of EVA films, as well as rheology and curing kinetics, the mechanism involved was analyzed and ver- ified. The results are believed to be useful for developing new curing system of EVA encapsulation films with improved processability.
Urea removal strategies for dialysate regeneration in a wearable artificial kidney.
The availability of a wearable artificial kidney (WAK) that provides dialysis outside the hospital would be an important advancement for dialysis patients. The concept of a WAK is based on regeneration of a small volume of dialysate in a closed-loop. Removal of urea, the primary waste product of nitrogen metabolism, is the major challenge for the realization of a WAK since it is a molecule with low reactivity that is difficult to adsorb while it is the waste solute with the highest daily molar production. Currently, no efficient urea removal technology is available that allows for miniaturization of the WAK to a size and weight that is acceptable for patients to carry. Several urea removal strategies have been explored, including enzymatic hydrolysis by urease, electro-oxidation and sorbent systems. However, thus far, these methods have toxic side effects, limited removal capacity or slow removal kinetics. This review discusses different urea removal strategies for application in a wearable dialysis device, from both a chemical and a medical perspective.