Über die Beziehungen zwischen einigen biotischen und abiotischen Faktoren im Latemar-Forst (Bozen)
An investigation has been carried out in the forest of Latemar (the Italian central eastern Alps), dominated byPicea excelsa withAbies alba, Larix europaea andPinus cembra, on the interactions between humus type (tabs 1, 2), litter and understory (including natural regeneration) composition on one hand and tree layer canopy and altitude on the other hand. Starting from ecological profiles, entropy-species (fig. 2, tab. 3) and entropy-factor have been calculated for the factors examined (tab. 4). This way it has been possible to determine the mutual information, the correct ecological profiles and the species groups index for the humus type (tab. 5), height (tab. 6) and canopy (tab. 7), which has allowed to grade species behaviour as regards investigated factors and consequently to single out three groups of species with similar ecological requirements (tab. 8). Moreover litter-humus entropy (tab. 9) and the same cybernetic parameters have been determined for the factor humus. The distribution of each group of species index is characterized by different combination of local factors (tab. 8): Humus type variations depend to a great extent on tree layer canopy and, through this layer, on the resulting litter composition and density: the “correcting” action of grasses with a low C:N on humus evolution is evident (tab. 10). From the silvicultural standpoint, leaving out uniform methods on large areas and chiefly clearcuts, an elastic treatment seems to be recommended, adhering to the actual conditions of forest and soil structure in order to achieve the density with major chances to secure favourable conditions of bioclimate, understory, humus and consequently regeneration. In the “semplified” forest ecosystem, as the investigated one, where natural levels of consumers (herbivores and carnivores) are actually missing, functionality may be secured through proper cuts only and by regularly restoring the nutrients of the litter, here almost entirely vegetal, to the cycle.
Angewandte Forstliche Vegetations- und Standortskunde
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Hispanic marketing : connecting with the new latino consumer
* Cultural Marketing: A new understanding * The Composition of the Hispanic/Latino market * The Latino Essense of "Hispanic" * Language Considerations in Marketing to US Hispanics * Enculturation, Acculturation, and Assimilation: A Bicultural Horizon * Latino Subjective Culture: Insights for Positioning * Culturally Informed Research among Latinos * The U.S. Hispanic Marketing Industry * The Digital World of U.S. Latinos * Latino Consumers and the Future of U.S. Marketing