Law in the world of values
Law can't squeeze out values. Thus, it comes as an imperative of our reality to set the place for law in the world of values. The world of values is not apart from our reality. In our reality the world of values is the purpose of everything that exists. Actually, it is about a demand to bring values into our reality. The meaning of values is absolute. The eternity of values immediately points to the absolute order of values, which as such has its 'homeland' in Creator. The issue of finding the place of law in the world of values is 'pre-legal' issue. Thereby the world of values is becoming the assumption of the existence and development of law. Legal norm then becomes the formulation of values. Legal norm is not precious in itself, but only if it expresses fundamental values. Legal norm has to be the logical formulation, that is to say, it has to deliver the contents of value correctly and appropriately. As an expression of the value dimension legal norm obtains the binding power. Keeping in mind the legal norm defined in such a way, nobody can deny its necessity in reality. Law then expresses the contents of value and proposes the model of the ideal behavior. The fact that values have 'creating power' is thus proved to be true.
Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung.
Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung entstand in den Jahren 1814 bis 1818 in Dresden und erschien im Dezember 1818 mit der Jahreszahl 1819 bei Brockhaus in Leipzig. Unmittelbar nachdem das Hauptwerk erschienen war, habilitierte sich Schopenhauer mit seinem Buch an der Berliner Universitat und wurde dort Privatdozent.
Thermodynamic analysis of H2 production from CaO sorption‐enhanced methane steam reforming thermally coupled with chemical looping combustion as a novel technology
In this novel paper, a technique for hydrogen production route of CaO sorption‐enhanced methane steam reforming (SEMSR) thermally coupled with chemical looping combustion (CLC) was presented (CLC‐SEMSR), which perceived as an improvement of previous methane steam reforming (MSR) thermally coupled with CLC technology (CLC‐MSR). The application of CLC instead of furnace achieves the inherent separation of CO2 from flue gas without extra energy required. The required heat for the reformer is provided by thermally coupling CLC. The addition of CaO sorbents can capture CO2 as it is formed from the reformer gas to the solid phase, displacing the normal MSR equilibrium restrictions and obtaining higher purity of H2. The Aspen Plus was used to simulate this novel process on the basis of thermodynamics. The performances of this system examined included the composition of reformer gas, yield of reformer gas (YRg), methane conversion (αM), the overall energy efficiency (η), and exergy efficiency (φ) of this process. The effects of the molar ratio of CaO to methane for reforming (Ca/M) in the range of 0–1.2, the molar ratio of methane for combustion to methane for reforming (M(fuel)/M) in the range of 0.1–0.3, and the molar ratio of NiO to methane for reforming (Ni/M) in the range of 0.4–1.2 were investigated. It has been found to be favored by operating under the conditions of Ca/M = 1, M(fuel)/M = 0.2, and Ni/M = 0.8. The most excellent advantage of CLC‐SEMSR was that it could obtain higher purity of H2 (95%) at lower operating temperature (655 °C), as against H2 purity of 77.1% at higher temperature (900 °C) in previous CLC‐MSR. In addition, the energy efficiency of this process could reach 83.3% at the optimal conditions. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.