Sm Addition to GdCo and TbFe Films for Magneto-Optical Memory
Introduction In order to improve the magnetic properties of rare earthtransition metal alloys being studied for magneto-optical memory media, we added Sm to GdTbFeCo (a quaternary alloy), to make a quinternary alloy. We already reported that both the Kerr rotation angle and the magnetic anisotropy increase with the addition of Sm [1]. In order to study the origin of these improvements, we added Sm to GdCo and TbFe (each a binary alloy) to make ternary alloys. We then investigated their magnetic and magneto-optical properties.
The thermo-magnetic writing and erasing properties and Kerr rotation angle of amorphous TbFe thin film
The compositional dependences of writing, erasing and reading properties of amorphous TbFe thin film were examined in detail. As a result, there was marked differences between Fe-rich and Tb-rich film. That is, the external magnetic field necessary for writing was generally weaker and less dependent on composition in Tb-rich film and the composition range where erasing could be performed by the field of the same intensity as in writing was wider in Tb-rich side. Kerr rotation angle was measured in two different methods and the scattering values between them were observed in Fe-rich film, while there was no significant difference in Tb-rich film. The origins of these compositional dependence were explained by the differences of temperature dependences of M s and H c besides the compositional dependences of rectangular ratio and M s itself. The effects of the adding third elements to TbFe in Kerr rotation angle and minimum writing laser power were also measured. As a result, it was found, among some elements examined in this study, that Sm had effects of not only decreasing writing power but also increasing Kerr rotation angle in some degree.
Turkish Political Culture and Civil Society : an Unsettling Coupling?
This paper attempts to analyze Turkish politics in the post-1980 period with a special reference to the relationship among the state elites, political elites and societal actors and its impact on the constitution of civil society in Turkey. After the 1980 military intervention, the political and economic realms of Turkey witnessed a relative degree of liberalization through Uzal's neo-liberal policies. The January 24 economic decisions paved the way for economic liberalization as well as letting new economic and societal actors emerge. These new economic actors were different from the prevailing economic actors which used to enjoy having a considerable amount of opportunity spaces in the economic sphere. Together with the Uzal governments, Islamic segments started to become powerful in both political and economic realms. This paper analyses the chief traits of Turkish politics and economics and their impact upon civil society aftermath the 1980 coup in general, and the relationship and/or interaction among the state elites, political elites and societal actors in particular. The engagements of newly-emerging societal and economic actors into Turkish political scene and the challenge of these actors against the so-called 'Kemalist-Republican' elites are also illustrated in the paper. Moreover, state-Islam interaction, politics-Islam interaction as well as Kemalism-newly-emerging societal and economic actors interaction will be studied with a special emphasis to the post-1980 period. The major argument of the paper is that, in Turkey, both civil society issues and political issues reveal outcomes which are primarily shaped by the nature of the relationship between state elites and political elites in general and by Turkish political culture in particular.