Viability of Cassava peels spawn production and mushroom cultivation
Abstract This work was carried out to ascertain the viability of spawn produced on cassava peels and used for spawning cassava peels and sawdust substrates and compare the yield with mushroom fruits from the conventional Sorghum bicolor known to be the best material for spawn production. Three different species of mushroom cultures were inoculated on cassava peels, two Pleurotus pulmonarius strains (FIIRO and Thailand) and Lentinus squarroslus. The study of mycelia colonization rate study was done in triplicate. L. squarroslus completed colonization within 18days of inoculation in test tube with a growth mean value of 11.16cm, the two strains of P. pulmonarius (FIIRO and Thailand) completed colonization in 21 days with FIIRO strain having growth mean value of 11.46cm and Thailand strain 11.20cm. Cassava peels spawn production was done in two ways, singly and supplemented with rice bran, yield from different species of mushroom (L. squarroslus and P. pulmonarius (FIIRO Strain) cultivated with cassava peels spawn in the study were compared with sorghum grains spawn. Different weight of 100, 200, 300g were used for cultivation, sorghum grains spawn produced the highest yield (202.13g) from the two species used followed by cassava peels supplemented with rice bran (179.86g) and single cassava peels spawn (124.13g). L. squarroslus did not fruit on cassava peels even with the sorghum grains spawn. The differences from the yield of the three spawn was negligible as the differences was not noticeable (cassava peels 124.133±5.21a, supplemented cassava peels spawn 179.867±0.64a, and sorghum grains spawn 202.133±8.86a). This result verified the use of cassava peels in the production of viable mushroom spawn.
YIELD IMPROVEMENT OF CALOCYBE INDICA FRUITING BODIES (MILKY MUSHROOM) FROM LOCALLY AVAILABLE UNEXPLORED LIGNOCELLULOSIC SUBSTRATES
This research concentrated on yield improvement of C. indica on unexplored locally available lignocellulosic materials such as paddy straw, reeds, banana stem, sugar cane leaves, sugar cane bagasse, coir pith and sor- ghum husk. The maximum bioefficiency of C. indica was obtained from paddy straw (134.16%) followed by reeds (104.30%). Different casing materials (garden soil, coir pith compost, vermicompost), different shade (blue, yellow and dark) were influenced for yield en- hancement of C. indica and maximum bioefficiency was recorded in vermicompost (140.27%) and blue shade (134.16%) respectively. Seven spent mushroom substrate were analyzed for highest reduction of lignin, acid detergent lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose. Coir pith recorded for the highest reduction of lignin (25.29%) and acid detergent fiber (18.27%). Sugar cane bagasse recorded for highest reduction of cellulose (31.62%) and banana stem and for hemicelluloses (22.96%). The reeds can be utilized for successful cultivation of C. indica at commercial level than the paddy straw.
Complex Systems Architecture Framework: Extension to Multi-objective Optimization
This paper shows the utility to follow an architecture framework in order to design complex systems with a holistic approach. Multi-objective Optimization techniques extend and complete the architecture framework to support trade-off analysis and decision making in the Systems Engineering design process. The merging and combination of these two approaches, decision making and systems engineering, contribute to the efficient design of systems by helping to meet needs and constraints stemming mainly from the system analysis.