Spinning-punch new technology for aluminum alloy plate-wheels forming
The aluminium alloy plate-wheels are a new kind of wheels with light-weight, energy-saving and environmental protection. Spinning is a conventional technology to form aluminium alloy plate-wheels, but the outline dimension and run-out of rolled lip in end face are difficult to meet the exacting requirements of wheels blueprint. So the new spinning-punch forming technology for aluminium alloy plate-wheels was researched and simulated. 3-D elastic-plastic finite element models were constructed and appropriate boundary conditions were given out. The results show that aluminium alloy plate-wheels with good quality can be formed by spinning-punch forming technology through controlling roller feed rate, roller'diameter, flanging times, and punching stroke, etc. And the relationships between spinning load and roller'diameter, rolled lip forming quality and flanging times are found.
An investigation of predictive control for aluminum wheel casting via a virtual process model
Abstract An advanced control solution, specifically Model-based predictive control (MPC), has been developed for a low-pressure die casting (LPDC) process used to manufacture aluminum alloy wheels. The control solution was developed offline using a high-fidelity 3D finite element model as a virtual process on which open and closed loop trials were performed. Open loop trials were used to assess the influence of process variables and to facilitate the development of a reduced-order state-space model to predict the approximate input–output behaviour of the casting process. An MPC controller employing this state-space model was used to regulate die temperatures in the virtual process during disturbance scenarios. Two disturbances typically found in the industrial process were simulated, that is, the temperature behaviour of the molten metal in the industrial process and the length of time the die remains open after the cast wheel is ejected from the dies. These disturbances cause the die temperatures to deviate from their optimal values, which can result in defective wheels. The developed control solution improved the process performance by rejecting the simulated disturbances and maintaining the die temperatures near their optimal values.
Deviant Women: Female Crime and Criminology in Revolutionary Russia, 1880-1930
This title examines the position of women in early Soviet society through the lens of deviance. After seizing power in 1917, the Bolsheviks initiated reforms aimed at abolishing the old way of life in Russia. A new Family Code liberalized marriage procedures, promoted communal living arrangements, and abolished the concept of illegitimacy. Other decrees legalized abortion, deregulated prostitution, and emancipated women. The Bolsheviks' Marxist ideology that guided these reforms was also behind the assertion that crime, an artifact of bourgeois capitalist exploitation, would disappear under socialism. As crime persisted, Soviet criminologists - a cohort of jurists, doctors, sociologists, anthropologists, psychiatrists, statisticians, and forensic experts - were charged with examining its causes and motives to determine the most effective methods to eliminate it. The problem of female crime occupied a prominent position in criminologists' studies. In explaining 'traditional' female crimes of the domestic sphere - infanticide, spouse murder, and petty theft, among others - criminologists pointed to the offenders' backwardness and ignorance, material circumstances, and even biology. Kowalsky examines the position of women in early Soviet society through the lens of deviance, exploring how Soviet criminologists understood female crime and how their attitudes helped shape the development of Soviet social and behavioral norms. "Deviant Women" looks at the emergence of criminology in early Soviet Russia, tracing the development of principles and theories - in particular of female deviance - and highlighting the ways in which criminologists were able to conduct innovative social science research under the constraints of Bolshevik ideology. Kowalsky then focuses on the analyses of female crime and criminologists' attitudes concerning sexuality, geography, and class. Concluding with a close study of infanticide, the most 'typical' crime committed by women, Kowalsky discusses the social attitudes that were revealed in the professional discussion of this crime. Historians of modern Russia and the USSR, scholars of gender studies, and those studying criminology will be fascinated by this original study.