Legal Issues in the United Nations Compensation Commission on Iraq
This article is a comprehensive interrogation of the legality or otherwise of the United Nations Compensation Commission  (UNCC) on Iraq; its establishment, operations and manifestations as the very first war reparation facility adopted by the Security Council on the basis of Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter, and making it binding on an aggressor State. The paper argued that the UNCC, which is an interesting example of the institutionalisation of the United Nations compensation mechanism, is unprecedented in the UN’s compensation experience, in many respect. Although the design of the UNCC, however, fell within the tradition of war reparation facilities, in some respect, its operations, particularly subjecting the whole economy of Iraq to international control violated Iraq’s sovereignty. The paper concludes that despite the lacuna, the design of the UNCC would serve as a model for future compensation schemes. Keywords: Iraq, Compensation, Reparation, United Nations, UNCC, International Law.
Dispute System Design: The United Nations Compensation Commission
The Security Council of the United Nations established the United nations Compensation Commission ("UNCC") with its Resolution 687 on April 3, 1991. It was the first compensation system established under the authority of Chapter VII of the U.N. Charter and was designed to process and pay claims arising from the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait in 1990. Resolution 687 confirmed that Iraq was liable "for any direct loss, damage, including environmental damages and the depletion of natural resources, or injury to foreign Governments, nationals and corporations..." Resolution 687 also created a fund to pay those claims and a commission to administer that fund. The details of the compensation fund and the commission were established by Security Council Resolution 693 on May 20, 1991.
Consumer Politics in Postwar Japan: The Institutional Boundaries of Citizen Activism
Part 1: Japanese Consumer Advocacy from Theoretical, Comparative, and Historical Perspectives 1. Toward a Framework for the Study of Consumer Advocacy2. Consumer Advocacy in the United States and Britain3. The Politics of an Emerging Consumer Movement: The Occupation Period5. The Post-1968 Consumer Protection Policymaking System and the Consumer Movement's Response4. Consumer Politics Under Early One-Party Dominance: 1955 to the Late 1960s7. The Right to Safety: The Movement to Oppose the Deregulation of Food Additives6. The Right to Choose: The Movement to Amend the Antimonopoly Law9. The Right to Be Heard: The Past, Present, and Future of the Japanese Consumer Movement8. The Right to Redress: The Movement to Enact a Product Liability LawIntroductionPart 2: Case Studies: The Impact of Japanese Consumer Advocacy on Policymaking