Food Vending: Adaptation Under Difficult Circumstances
The respondents discussed in this article depended on food vending as their main source of income. To succeed in this activity requires shrewd marketing and hard work. For the majority food vending was basically a hanging on and coping strategy, offering very limited surplus for investment. Food vending allowed them merely to stay in town while maintaining a foot in their home villages. The paper presents both a descriptive and an analytical account of food vending activities by female heads of households in Masvingo. The officially imposed constraints on food vending demonstrate the existence of competing and conflicting rationalities between male decision-makers and poor women. The inter -connections between food vendors and the formal markets are noted. Journal of Social Development in Africa Vol 15 No 2 2000, pp. 69-92
African Entrepreneurship. Theory and Reality
This collection explores the varieties of entrepreneurship in Africa - rural and urban, legal and illegal, formal and informal - and considers the vital role of entrepreneurs in the economic development of the continent from Ghana, Nigeria, and Cameroon to Kenya, Zimbabwe, Zambia and South Africa.
Atomistic insight into novel co-delivery of doxorubicin and paclitaxel using fullerene modified by dimethyl acrylamide trimethyl chitosan: A computational study

 Background: The distribution of drugs could not be controlled in the conventional drug delivery system. This has led to the development of a smart nanoparticle-based drug delivery system, known as smart drug delivery systems. In cancer research, novel biocompatible nanocarriers have received much attention for various ranges of anticancer drugs.In the current study, the effect of a novel co-polymer "dimethyl acrylamide-trimethyl chitosan" was investigated on drug delivery of doxorubicin and paclitaxel utilizing modified fullerene nanocarrier. This study was performed via molecular dynamics simulation based on acidic pH sensitivity of the cancer microenvironment. Furthermore, hydrogen bonds, diffusion coefficient, gyration radius, and drug-carrier interaction energies were investigated here. Interestingly, a simultaneous pH and temperature-sensitive system was proposed for paclitaxel and doxorubicin for a co-polymer. A pH-sensitive and temperature-sensitive copolymer was used based on trimethyl chitosan and dimethyl acrylamide, respectively. In such a dualistic approach, co-polymer makes an excellent option to have two properties in one bio-polymer. Results: The results suggest the dramatic and indisputable role of the co-polymer in the release of doxorubicin and paclitaxel in cancerous tissues, as well as an increased biocompatibility and drug uptake in a neutral state. The validation test was performed by repeated simulations of a similar article. The results are very close to those of the reference paper .Conclusions: Overall, conjugated fullerene and dimethyl acrylamide-trimethyl chitosan (DMAA-TMC) as carriers can be a good proposition for loading, delivery, and release of anti-cancer drugs based on a pH/temperature-sensitive smart drug delivery system.