The calculation of the shadow factor of single coil filament
A computer method for calculating the power-reduction factor of a single-coil filament is presented. The filament of incandescent lamps is coiled, which is why a fraction of radiation is trapped in the filament. The relationships between the geometric parameters of a cylindrical helix (pitch ratio and mandrel ratio) and the shadow factor are developed. A FORTRAN program based on the numerical solution of algebraic equations and on three-dimensional numerical integration has been developed.<<ETX>>
A Predictive Theory of Power Balance in Incandescent Lamps
The design of filaments for incandescent lamps using traditional methods is often a lengthy process involving a series of lamp trials. This paper describes a theory of the operation of filament lamps which is capable of predicting the performance of a wide range of lamps to a high degree of accuracy but, because the theory presented in this paper disregards the existence of temperature gradients in the filament wire, it may not be applied to automobile and miniature lamp types. A more detailed theory applicable to miniature lamps is under development and it is hoped to publish the results in a future paper.
The effect of continuous exposure to low frequency electric fields on three generations of mice: A pilot study
Mice were allowed to mate, gestate, deliver and rear their offspring for 3 successive generations while being continuously exposed to 60 Hz electric fields. Mice exposed to vertical electric fields exhibited decreased body weights at 35 days postpartum and increased mortality, rates for 3 successive generations. Mice exposed to horizontal electric fields exhibited decreased body weights for 2 successive generations.