Manufacture of flame retardant foaming board from waste papers reinforced with phenol-formaldehyde resin.
A new flame retardant and waterproof porous fiberboard was manufactured from waste newspapers by using a foaming agent and a reinforcing phenol-formaldehyde resin. To find the optimum conditions for forming fiberboard with high mechanical properties as well as flame retardant and waterproof characteristics, a series of experiments were performed with varying weight percentages of resin (w). The results indicate that the best quality of the fiberboard was obtained for w approximately 11%.
Effect of surface modification of ammonium polyphosphate–diatomite composite filler on the flame retardancy and smoke suppression of cellulose paper
Ammonium polyphosphate–diatomite composite filler (APP-diatomite composite filler) was modified with silane coupling agent KH550 to improve the flame retardancy of filled paper. Cone calorimeter was used to analyze the heat and smoke releasing rates, as well as smoke toxicity of the filled paper. The distribution of the composite filler particles in paper and the morphology of the charred residues after combustion were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the chemical structure of the charred residues was studied with fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Results show that the peak heat releasing rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR) and peak mass loss rate (PMLR) of the filled paper with the modified APP-diatomite decreased markedly, compared with those for the control paper, while the charred residue after combustion increased. In addition, the filled paper had an increased peak rate of smoke release (RSR) and increased total smoke release (TSR) and peak CO production rates, but a decreased peak CO 2 production rate. It was also found that part of the carbon element in the charred residue of the paper loaded with the modified APP-diatomite was in the forms of C=C=C, C≡C and C≡N, and the charred residue had a relatively more intact structure without apparent fiber breakage and longitudinal cracks.
Composite monolayer fabrication by an arc-spray process
A single layer (monotape) technique for fabricating complex high-temperature tungsten-fiber-reinforced superalloy composites is proposed. The fabrication of sheets of arc-sprayed monotape 38 cm wide and 122 cm long has been demonstrated. Composites fabricated using the method are shown to have equal tensile strength and a cleaner matrix than composites fabricated from powder metal cloth monotapes, and the present technique is less expensive than the powder metal fabrication techniques.