Variations of existing glaciers in the Southwestern mountain region of Xizang (Tibet)
The SW-mountain region of Xizang in this paper is taken to extend between 27° 10′ – 30° 10′N / 84° 50′–91° 30′ E, that is the vast area stretching from the Himalayas to the South Range of Xizang. The author has been in the area many times over 20 years surveying and conducting scientific investigations. In 1984 the author took part in the Sino-German Joint Expedition for further survey and the interpretation of aerial photographs and satellite images of the same area. The paper presents the data collected during this period.
Glaciers in the North-Eastern Part of the Ch’ing-hai–hsi-tsang (Qinghai–xizang) Plateau (Tibet) and their Variations
Abstract The first extensive and far-reaching investigations of the Sino-German Joint Expedition to the Ch’ing-hai–Hsi-tsang (Qinghai–Xizang) Plateau in the glacierized region of the Amne Machin (Anyemaqen) started work in the area and compiled the glacial inventory in that region. In the past 15 years scientists have found that the majority of glaciers in the Amne Machin (Anyemaqen) have been advancing whereas most glaciers in Ch’i-lien Shan (Qilian Shan), adjacent to Amne Machin (Anyemaqen), have been retreating during the same period. This is a problem worthy of study by glaciologists. Through investigation and analysis, it is also found that Ha-lung (Halong) glacier has the character of a surging glacier. The author tentatively forecasts the next surge of Ha-lung (Halong) glacier and the tendency of variations of glaciers in Ch’i-lien Shan (Qilian Shan) in the near future.
Human reproduction: irrational but in most cases morally defensible
While I am inclined to agree that in most cases a choice to become pregnant and bring to birth a child is an irrational choice, unlike Professor Hayry,1 I believe that choosing to do so is far from being necessarily immoral. In fact I will argue that it is often these irrational (but morally defensible) choices which make human life the valuable commodity many of us believe it is.

Hayry argues that not only is the choice to have children always an irrational choice, but also it is necessarily an immoral choice. Thus, for Hayry “human reproduction is fundamentally immoral”.1 He claims it is important to point out to prospective parents that their urge to have children is irrational. From this, he argues, it follows that once this is accepted the use of advance technologies to assist conception should be reassessed, and furthermore, the irrationality and immorality of having children should become a legitimate part of guidance given to those expressing a wish to have children.

According to Hayry the reason it is irrational and immoral to choose to bring to birth a child is that “having a child can always realistically lead to the worse possible outcome, when the alternative is not having a child”.1 He argues that when people consider having children they are faced with the choice between deciding not to have children and thus harming or benefiting no-one (this, it is argued has a value of zero), or having children where this life may be good or bad, and thus the value of this choice can be …