Axinellin A and B: Two New Pyrrolactam Alkaloids from Axinella sp.
Two new pyrrolactam alkaloids, axinelline A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the n-BuOH extract of marine sponge Axinella sp. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods (HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR).
A novel D-ring unsaturated A-nor sterol from the Indonesian sponge, Axinella carteri Dendy
Investigation of the freeze-dried dichloromethane: isopropanol extract of the sponge Axinella carteri Dendy, 1889 (Demospongiae: Halichondrida: Axinellidae), collected from Derawan Island, Indonesia, has led to the isolation of a new A-nor sterol with rare D-ring unsaturation, 3β-(hydroxymethyl)-A-nor-5α-cholest-14-en-16-one (1). While the efficacy of the new compound is unknown, moderate cytotoxicity was observed in the fraction from which it was purified. A more polar portion of the extract afforded the known alkaloid dibromoisophakellin (2), previously isolated from an Axinella sp. The purification of the compounds was achieved on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 supports and the identity of the compounds was established with the aid of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic experiments.
Old topics, old approaches? ‘Reception’ in television studies and music studies
The question of reception is closely linked to the history and the roots of audience studies. But what is ‘reception’ and what exactly does it mean? As audience studies have developed from a contested novelty to a now established academic field, what do we do with a concept that defined our interests in the past and may now be too wide or even obsolete? This article deals with this issue by mapping how the concept of reception was conceptualized and researched in audience studies of the past ten years, with a focus on studies of music and studies of television. We find that in music, strong focus remains on music reception in the context of performances and events, and this lies in contrast to a small number of studies which instead focus on a framework of music in ordinary life and the audiences’ contextual localities. Concerning reception of television, much of the scholarship starts from the cultural studies tradition and looks at television viewing as a means to construct identities. Discussing these findings, we inquire whether the hybridization of media also implies a hybridization of research traditions and methodologies, and what consequences it has for the balance between textual, production and audience approaches.