Histophilus somni infection in cows with fertility problems and vaginitis
Histophilus somni associated with vaginitis in cattle Fasciolosis still prevalent in cattle Clostridial metritis in a large goat herd Detachment of the ischial tuberosity in pigs Fowl cholera in commercial and backyard flocks These are among matters discussed in the Veterinary Laboratories Agency's (VLA's) disease surveillance report for September
Detachment of the ischial tuberosity sows
The clinical and pathological features of five cases of detachment of the ischial tuberosity are described. In two cases, the detachment occurred unilaterally; one was a gilt showing severe lameness which precluded mating and the other was a uniparous sow which showed only slight lameness. Three gilts which were affected bilaterally developed progressive lameness during pregnancy and were unable to stand after farrowing. One of these gilts died and two had to be slaughtered. The diagnostic features of the epiphyseal detachment were shortening of the caudal extremity of the ischium, palpation of the displaced ischial tuberosity and crepitation elicited by pressing the displace tuberosity against the ischium.
Increasing pulp yield in kraft cooking of softwoods by high initial effective alkali concentration (HIEAC) during impregnation leading to decreasing secondary peeling of cellulose
Abstract Pulp yield can be improved by a more homogeneous delignification of the chips, achieved by improved impregnation prior to the cooking stage. Complete and efficient impregnation is obtained by increasing the diffusion rate by means of an impregnation liquor with a high initial effective alkali concentration (HIEAC). In the present study, the effect of HIEAC in the impregnation was evaluated and compared to a reference impregnation procedure and a prolonged impregnation. After the various impregnation scenarios, the alkali concentration was always adjusted to the same level in the beginning of the cooking stage. Impregnation with a HIEAC resulted in yield improvements by 1–1.5% units, due to a higher cellulose yield and possibly also to higher yield of glucomannan. The HIEAC with an even alkali distribution within the chips prior to the cooking stage resulted in a more uniform delignification carbohydrate degradation. Yield increase obtained by uniform delignification is due to both decreased shives content as well as less secondary peeling.