Low-Temperature Carbothermic Reduction of Indonesia Nickel Lateritic Ore with Sub-Bituminous Coal
In this work, the experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of temperature and sub-bituminous coal on upgrading nickel laterites ores by carbothermic reduction. The reduction was carried out in the muffle furnace at a temperature ranging of 800-1100 °C. The produced calcine from reduction step was grounded in vibrating mill, mixed with water and passed on a magnetic separator to separate nickel concentrates from the tailing. The experimental results showed that the concentrate with highest nickel grade was produced at temperature 1000 °C. The nickel grade on concentrate was 5.0 %, with the recovery of nickel was 80.6 %.
REAKSI KARBOTERMIK NICKELIFEROUS SINTETIK DENGAN
Global nickel consumption is increasing linearly with growth in the use of nickel for energy, construction, and chemistry. In fact, the content of nickel in ore decreases, so it is necessary to increase the levels of nickel in lowgrade nickel ore by various methods. Increasing the concentration of nickel can be done by selective reduction. One such selective reduction method is the addition of sulfur additives and variations in the reducing agent-containing different sulfur compositions. To find out the effect of sulfur on the reduction of nickel and iron in a laterite matrix, synthetic ore-like laterite was made called synthetic nickeliferous. Synthetic nickeliferous mixture, sub-bituminous, and sulfur are milled, then reduced to a calcin. Calcin is then magnetically separated to produce tailings and concentrates. Concentrates were analyzed using AAS to determine the recovery of nickel and iron. In the variety of sulfur addition, the highest recovery value of nickel and iron was obtained in the sample with the addition of 34.5% sulfur. Whereas in the variation of milling time, the highest recovery value of nickel and iron was obtained in the sample with the addition of 52% sulfur in 20 h of milling. Based on XRD (x-ray diffraction) results, it is known that the peak of SiO2 still appears in mixing the sample by stirring using a mortar. SiO2 compounds and all types of samples were not detected as ferronickel (FeNi) particles. From the results of EDS mapping, almost all types of samples showed nickel sulfide compounds (NiS).
Using Infrared Thermography to Detect Moisture in Historic Masonry: A Case Study in Indiana
Nondestructive testing mapped water infiltration in the decoratively painted interior of a Masonic Temple in Muncie, Indiana.