The origin of extended dislocations induced by high-dose ion implantation
The origin and the generation mechanism of ion implantation-induced dislocations is investigated with an Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ band line/space pattern. The Si/sub 3/N/sub 4/ film-edge stress not only causes dislocation propagation but also causes the formation and deformation of extended dislocations at the initial stage of annealing. The behavior is clarified that the dislocation loops are deformed into pattern-edge dislocation half loops, which accumulate at the film edge and are punched out from the edge.
Controlled nucleation of dislocations by a spatially localized stress field
We analyze the nucleation of dislocations in silicon at spatially localized stress fields generated by silicon nitride pads having a high intrinsic stress. The nucleation and final configuration of the dislocations were studied using hot-stage transmission electron microscopy and were compared with dislocation simulations based on calculations of the stress fields around the pads. We find that the simulated configurations match well with the experimental data, and we show that the dislocation configuration can be controlled by the pad size.
Translating Legal Language and Comparative Law
Legal texts are in the focus of both lawyers and translators. This paper discusses the binary opposition of these two views especially in the light of contract law. There is one crucial epistemic difference between the point of view of the translator and the lawyer when it comes to the interpretation of legal texts. In the translator’s view legal text is traditionally conceived as static as to its nature; something that already exists in the form of text. Traditionally, the translator is interested in the text itself as it was written down in a document, i.e. the translator needs to go back to the frozen moment when a legal document was constructed and finalised. The lawyer, in contrast, is very much interested not only in the text of the legal document but also in the contextual surroundings of the text. In fact, for legal interpretation, sometimes the key-elements for the interpretation come from outside of the text itself. This paper concludes that legal translation is in many cases closer to transcreation than it is to traditionally understood translation.