SEEDLING GROWTH TOLERANCE OF CUCURBITS CROPS TO HERBICIDES STOMP AND ACETOCHLOR
Summary. Several species from the Cucurbitaceae family including muskmelon, watermelon, cucumber, pumpkin, and squash were used to evaluate their tolerance in a laboratory test to two herbicides (Stomp and Acetochlor) widely used in crop cultivation. The effects of concentration and site of herbicide action on the length of primary roots and hypocotyls as well as seedling fresh weight were studied. The results showed that the cultivars differed greatly in their sensitivity to the herbicide action. The difference in the growth responses was not only species-, but also cultivar-specific. In addition, there was a difference in the herbicide acting site on plants which depended on the kind of cucurbits crops. Based on the tolerance to the action of both herbicides the studied species can be classified as follows: watermelon, squash, pumpkin, muskmelon, cucumber. The tolerance differences of the studied cucurbits crops can be used in cultivation practice.
PRIMJENA KEMIJSKIH MJERA U SUZBIJANJU KOROVA U ULJNOJ BUNDEVI (CUCURBITA PEPO L. VAR. OLEIFERA PIETSCH)
U posljednje vrijeme u svijetu, i u Republici Hrvatskoj, zbog proizvodnje jestivog ulja, enzima u kemijskoj industriji i razli itih proizvoda u farmaceutskoj industriji (Augustinovi i sur., 2006., Wagner, 2000.), raste zanimanje za uzgoj uljne bundeve (Cucurbita pepo L. var. oleifera Pietsch), tzv. ‘golice’. Isplativost uzgoja te kulture vidljiva je u injenici da se s jednog hektara povrsine pod uljnom bundevom, uz prosje an prinos, može dobiti od 450 do 520 litara istog bundevinog ulja ija cijena na tržistu dostiže i 50 kn za litru (Pleh i sur., 1998.). Korovi u usjevu uljne bundeve predstavljaju limitiraju i faktor proizvodnje, prvenstveno jer je bundeva kultura niskog rasta pa je korovi brzo prerastu. Siroki razmaci me u redovima (120 – 210 cm) omogu uju ja u pojavu korova, sto zahtijeva mehani ku kultivaciju i ru no okopavanje dva do tri puta tijekom vegetacije. Mehani ka kultivacija korova u usjevu bundeve ograni ena je zbog na ina rasta bundeve ija se postrana stabljika siri po povrsini tla (Figueroa i Kogan, 2005.). U Republici Hrvatskoj za zna ajne povrtlarske kulture, pa tako i za uljnu bundevu, nije registriran niti jedan herbicid (Ostoji i Bari , 2002.). Uljna bundeva pripada ‘malim kulturama’ odnosno kulturama koje se uzgajaju na malim povrsinama, stoga tvrtke za proizvodnju sredstava za zastitu bilja nisu zbog ekonomske isplativosti zainteresirane za registraciju (Figueroa i Kogan, 2005.). Osim toga, bundeve su, kao i druge vrste porodice Cucurbitaceae, osjetljive na primjenu herbicida te iskazuju tek umjerenu tolerantnost prema ograni enom broju herbicida (Willis i Putman, 1986.). Cilj istraživanja bio je utvrditi herbicidnu u inkovitost u suzbijanju korovne flore u usjevu uljne bundeve te usporediti njihovu u inkovitost u odnosu na mehani ke mjere suzbijanja korova.
Intentional poisoning cases of animals with anticholinesterase pesticide-carbofuran in Sri Lanka.
Carbofuran is a broad spectrum insecticide and nematicide which inhibits acetyl cholinesterase. Several intentional poisoning cases of animals and birds including crows, dogs, cow, and elephant, using carbofuran were reported in Sri Lanka. Qualitative analysis of carbofuran in biological specimens was carried out using T.L.C and GC-MS. The quantitative analysis was carried out by HPLC using Zorbax Eclips XDB-C18 (150 x 4.6 mm I.D x 5 microm particle size) column with acetonitrile: water 25:75 v/v mobile phase and UV detection at 210 nm. The liquid-liquid extraction with chloroform was reproducible and sensitive. The procedure was validated in terms of linearity (0.996<r<0.999) for concentrations ranging from 1 to 200 microg/ml, repeatability (RSD 4.4% at 100 microg/ml, n=10) extraction recovery (91.7% at 100 microg/g, 77.3% at 20 microg/g), limit of detection (S/N ratio=3, 0.7 microg/ml) and limit of quantification (S/N ratio=10, 2.4 microg/ml). The method was found satisfactory and successfully applied in fatal cases of animals and birds due to carbofuran poisoning. The fatal carbofuran levels detected were in the range of 42-910 microg/g in crow's gizzard and contents, 50-800 microg/g in dog's stomach contents, 13-20 microg/g in dog's liver, 0.9 microg/g in cow's stomach and contents, 35 microg/g in elephant's stomach and contents.