Synthesis of 2-aryl-4-(4-β-D-allopyranosyloxyphenyl)4,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinolin-5(1H)-one derivatives under solvent-free conditions and study of sedative activity
Under solvent-free conditions, syntheses of 2-aryl-4-(4-β-D-allopyranosyloxyphenyl)-4,6,7,8tetrahydroquinolin-5(1H)-one derivatives were carried out from chalcone (2a–2e), cyclohexane-1,3-dione (3), and NH4OAc in excellent yield without using any catalysts. The structure of the new compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, IR, and HR-MS spectroscopy. The preliminary bioassay tests of 4a–4j indicated that compounds 4b, 4e, and 4f exhibited potent sedative and hypnotic activity.
Synthesis and Sedative Activity of 4-Substituted Phenyl-(2,3,4,6-Tetrabenzyloxy)-β-D-Allopyranosyloxy Derivatives
A series of helicid derivatives with benzyl protection of the hydroxyl group at allopyranosyloxy was synthesized and evaluated for sedative-hypnotic activity. The structures of the new compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, IR, and HR-MS spectra. The sedative-hypnotic activities of the target compounds were evaluated using the spontaneous locomotor activity test in mice. Most of the derivatives have moderate to high activity; in particular, compound 3b presented the most potent sedative-hypnotic effect in comparison with the other derivatives, and derivatives 4c, 4d, and 4e also showed higher sedative-hypnotic activities.
Distribution of hereditary blood groups among Indians in South America. I. In Ecuador.
Blood samples were procured from the following populations of putatively pure Indians in Bolivia: 503 Aymara from the Altiplano and Yungas, 30 Chama, 11 Tacana, 14 Chacobo, 109 Itonama, 67 More, and 27 Siriono from the Beni and lowland rainforest. Erythrocytes from these 761 specimens were tested for antigens in the A-B-O, M-N-S-s, P, Rh-Hr, Lutheran, Kell-Cellano, Lewis, Duffy, Kidd, and Diego systems, and for the Wright agglutinogen. 
 
 
 
The serum samples were tested for haptoglobins and transferrins; and hemolysates were prepared and examined for hemoglobin types. Results of these tests are presented as phenotypes and calculated gene frequencies on appropriate tables. A map is included to show the locations of the populations from which blood samples were obtained. 
 
 
 
Frequencies are generally high for the O gene, it being the only gene of the ABO system which appears in the Chama, Chacobo and Siriono. The presence of A1, A2 or B genes in the Bolivian Indians is interpreted as being most probably of caucasoid introduction. 
 
 
 
Excepting the Siriono the frequencies are high for M and low for N genes as is usual for Amerinds, the M gene being the only one detected in the Chama. The s gene frequency in high and the S low except in the small isolated Chacobo population in which S gene frequency is extremely high for Amerinds. Inbreeding and perhaps genetic drift in this small isolate may account for this aberrancy from normal. 
 
 
 
The Bolivian specimens presented the high frequencies for genes R1 (CDe) and R2 (cDE) and the low frequencies for genes r (cde) and R0 (cDe) usually observed in American Indians. 
 
 
 
The Lua factor was observed in only one of 120 Aymara at Santa Fe in the Yungas. The Lua factor, when observed in Amerinds, suggests foreign introduction of the responsible gene. 
 
 
 
Fya gene frequencies are consistently high and excepting the Aymara and Chama so also are Jka frequencies. 
 
 
 
Frequencies for the Diego (Dia) factor vary from 3.70% in 27 Siriono to 73.33% in 30 Chama. 
 
 
 
No K, Mia, Vw or Wra antigens were demonstrable in the Indian blood samples from Bolivia. 
 
 
 
Phenotypes and calculated gene frequencies for haptoglobins and transferrins are presented. 
 
 
 
All Bolivian Indian bloods tested electrophoretically contained only hemoglobin (A) as a major component.