Thermal reaction of a (hydrido)(selenolato)platinum(II) complex having a dibenzobarrelenyl group leading to three cyclometalations.
The thermal reaction of a (dibenzobarreleneselenolato)(hydrido)platinum(ii) complex gave two four-membered selenaplatinacycles, one of which is formed by hydroplatination of the Pt-H bond to the etheno bridge and the other is a vinylic C-H bond activation product, and a five-membered selenaplatinacycle formed by an aromatic C-H bond activation.
The Mechanism for Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Hydrochalcogenation of Unsaturated Organic Molecules
In this chapter, discussions are focused on two types of mechanisms of transition-metal-catalyzed hydrochalcogenation, Type I and Type II, which are classified by the initial behavior of precatalysts. In Type I mechanism, precatalyst M–X (M = Pd, Ni, Zr, Ln, and An) first undergoes protonolysis with REH (E = O, S, and Se) to generate active catalyst M–ER, which then undergoes insertion of alkyne into the M–ER bond (chalcogenometalation) to give 2-chalcogenovinyl complex, followed by protonolysis of M–Cvinyl with REH to produce the product and to regenerate active catalyst M–ER. Type II mechanism starts from oxidative addition of REH (E = S and Se) to complex [M] (M = Pd, Pt, Rh, and Ir) to give chalcogenolato–hydrido complex, [M]H(ER). In the next alkyne insertion, [M]–H insertion (hydrometalation) to give [M](ER)(vinyl) or [M]–E insertion (chalcogenometalation) to give [M]H(2-RE-vinyl) occurs and then reductive elimination of the resulting vinyl [M] complexes yields the product and [M]. Reactions where transition metal catalysts exert as Lewis acid to activate unsaturated bonds and those proceeding through vinylidene intermediates are mentioned only shortly.
Public health in eight European countries: an international comparison of terminology.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this paper was to assess the use of different terms pertaining to public health in selected Member States of the European Union.


STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
Qualitative research methods were used to compare the terminology among eight Member States. Seven to nine core terms were defined for each country, and a search was performed for these terms in the names of institutions and professional titles, organized into three comparable categories.


RESULTS
The data analysis showed considerable diversity in terminology. The three most commonly used terms for each country, and the frequency distribution of the core terms for all eight countries were determined.


CONCLUSION
Public health terminology and underlying concepts vary among Member States of the European Union. A large number of loosely related terms are in use, indicating the lack of a common conceptual framework for the discipline of public health. The most commonly used terms pertaining to public health are 'health sciences' and 'health promotion'. 'Public health' is not among the most commonly used terms.