Computer simulation of the rotary cutting edges with helical teeth on the complex surfaces
this paper researched the forming theory of the cutting tools with helical teeth and complex surfaces. Deduced the nonlinear equations of the movement of NC system to generate such tools, presented the way to find the solution of the equations, calculated the cross section graphics of the teeth profile and computer simulation of NC machining.
A study on a virtual manufacturing model of a revolving milling cutter in 2-axis numerical control processing
Abstract This paper introduces the same and different points of relative problems in virtually manufacturing a revolving milling cutters that are under two different definitions: equal helix lead cutting edge and equal helix angle cutting edge. The relative problems include the design of the cutting edge curves, the design of the groove and the grinding wheel, the design of the feed speed in 2-axis NC processing, the actual groove curved surface, computer simulation, post-processing, etc. It also gives corresponding common mathematical models and some examples. Finally, some useful conclusions are drawn.
Familial Cortical Myoclonic Tremor and Epilepsy, an Enigmatic Disorder: From Phenotypes to Pathophysiology and Genetics. A Systematic Review
Background Autosomal dominant familial cortical myoclonic tremor and epilepsy (FCMTE) is characterized by distal tremulous myoclonus, generalized seizures, and signs of cortical reflex myoclonus. FCMTE has been described in over 100 pedigrees worldwide, under several different names and acronyms. Pathological changes have been located in the cerebellum. This systematic review discusses the clinical spectrum, treatment, pathophysiology, and genetic findings. Methods We carried out a PubMed search, using a combination of the following search terms: cortical tremor, myoclonus, epilepsy, benign course, adult onset, familial, and autosomal dominant; this resulted in a total of 77 studies (761 patients; 126 pedigrees) fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results Phenotypic differences across pedigrees exist, possibly related to underlying genetic differences. A “benign” phenotype has been described in several Japanese families and pedigrees linked to 8q (FCMTE1). French patients (5p linkage; FCMTE3) exhibit more severe progression, and in Japanese/Chinese pedigrees (with unknown linkage) anticipation has been suggested. Preferred treatment is with valproate (mind teratogenicity), levetiracetam, and/or clonazepam. Several genes have been identified, which differ in potential pathogenicity. Discussion Based on the core features (above), the syndrome can be considered a distinct clinical entity. Clinical features may also include proximal myoclonus and mild progression with aging. Valproate or levetiracetam, with or without clonazepam, reduces symptoms. FCMTE is a heterogeneous disorder, and likely to include a variety of different conditions with mutations of different genes. Distinct phenotypic traits might reflect different genetic mutations. Genes involved in Purkinje cell outgrowth or those encoding for ion channels or neurotransmitters seem good candidate genes.