The Monument, or, Christopher Wren's Roman Accent
To commemorate the Great Fire, the Corporation of London commissioned Christopher Wren to design the Monument. This article identifies its formal sources in ancient Roman triumphal columns and in a sixteenth-century fluted Tuscan Doric column in Paris, in the inscription on the Column of Trajan, and in a passage from Ammianus Marcellinus. Textual models for the Latin inscriptions on the pedestal include Suetonius's Augustus, Seneca the Younger's Epistle no. 91, and Tacitus's Annals. The political situation in Restoration England cast references to Tacitus into oblivion, yet this commission demonstrates how Wren's knowledge of Latin had a determining effect on his architectural practice.
Vantage Points in the Seventeenth-century City
Abstract Late twentieth-century social and linguistic theory tells us that the view from the tall building transforms us into analysts and historians, disembodied readers of the civic 'text'. This paper argues that the proposition would have been familiar to seventeenth-century City-dwellers, and does so by pursuing the experience of the elevated observer, or rather, how that experience was depicted, in pictures and words. A great deal of ingenuity, as well as money, was invested in building high after the Great Fire of 1666; a decade later, the anxieties surrounding the prospect of a Catholic royal succession began to prompt some peculiarly forceful anticipations of that modern theoretical construction, the uniquely 'advantaged' spectator.
Kant's 'Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason'
Preface 1. Context 2. Overview of Themes 3. Reading the Text Prefaces to the First and Second Editions Part I of the Religion Part II of the Religion Part III of the Religion Part IV of the Religion 4. Reception and Influence 5. Guide for Further Reading Bibliography Index