ADOPTION OF SOCIABLE GREEN ENGINEERING FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
India is striding ahead to become a world leader in manufacturing of ferrous metals & alloys. Rapid globalization has driven up-gradation to its ultra-modern infra-structure. It has contributed to India’s sustainable industrial growth in auto, infra, mining, petrochemicals, and power sectors. Hence over the decade, its per capita consumption of ferrous products has vastly increased. Existing units of iron and steel manufacturing industries emit the greenhouse gases (GHG) with variable life span with multiple and Global Warming Potential (GWP). These are responsible for the global climate changes. Global Warming & negligence of integrated impact of enviro-scoio-human-economic factors while achieving technological progress has today become the greatest challenge to the human endeavor for its continued and dignified existence on this planet. Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), which is multistage knowledge process is one of the ways identified under the KYOTO Protocol, for developed countries to offset their carbon emissions, is fast becoming the preferred way.Moreover, KYOTO protocol based market driven generation, registration, valuation of carbon credit and its subsequent trading leads to penalize the polluting and reward the clean industries. Consequently, authors have attempted to create awareness among the ferrous metal manufacturing industries to minimize the hazardous impact of GHG by investing in modernization of various sections, machineries and process of the integrated plants by discussing a few case studies and methodologies adopted to translate controlling carbon emission into a profit churning venture. Implementing alternative, appropriate, innovative, resource conserving, safe & green technology will lead to sustainable development.
A new methodology for greenhouse gas reduction in industry through improved heat exchanging and/or integration of combined heat and power
This paper presents a method that identi®es economically optimal combinations of enhanced heat recovery, integration of combined heat and power (CHP), and fuel switching, in an existing industrial energy system at various emission levels. Novel types of composite curves based on pinch technology, representing the existing temperature levels for supplying heat and the possible ones that may be attained after retro®tting, are used as tools for estimating the opportunities for CHP and the trade-off between improved heat exchangin
Optimum Design of Heat Exchanger Networks in Retrofit Situations
Today, the most important activity in heat exchanger network synthesis is the retrofitting, rather than grass-root design, of networks. There is a vast potential for energy improvement in many processes by increasing the level of internal heat exchange. Other common reasons for heat exchanger network retrofits is that modifications are made within a process whitch affect the structure of its existing network. These changes can be connected with the need for an increased thoughtput, the exploation of electricity production by gas turbines, and integration of heat pumps. Regardless of why the network is modified, it is important that the retrofitted network is based on the best possible design in terms of energy. The aim of this project has been to develop a user-driven metod for optimal retrofitting of heat exchanger networks, with whitch all aspects relevant in a retrofit design situation can be taken into account. No such metod exists today. The following parameters have been considered: heat exchanger area, the types of heat exchangers, material requirements, physical distance between streams, annual pressure drop costs, auxiliary equipment (valves), space requirements, and annual maintenance costs (cleaning). This approach, termed the matrix method for network retrofits, uses pinch thechnology to identify whitch heat exchangers waste energy. Rearrangement of all heat exchangers that waste energy usually results in a retrofitted network with an excessive number of new and extended units. Therefore, an approach has been developed to identify which parts of the existing network to rearrange. It is also possible to find designs whith the fewest necessary modifications to the existing network at a certain level of the recovery. Apart from the above mentioned parameters, optimum design routines have been included. With these the optimum heat transfer area and preassure drop of the heat exchangers, and optimum diameter and drop of the piping, can be found. Various analytical expressions for calculating the optimum design of a single heat exchanger have been derived for different design situations, based on both restricted and unrestricted pressure drops, and taking free available pressure drops into consideration.