The research of multi-modality control strategy of arc furnace electrode regulation
During the electric arc furnace work process, electrode arc lengths show strong random disturbs and lead to performance deterioration such as power consumption, product quality and electric network. Using a single control strategy can not satisfy the requirements of different work conditions. This paper bases on the experiences of experts, puts forward division measures of multi modality control strategy for different requirements to adjust to the smelting temperatures and power of different stages in steel making process. It identifies the feature motion state of the electric arc furnace on line, and then selects the optimal controller in different phases to deal with the problem. In this paper, multi-modality division, program implementation and algorithm model used in control strategy provide a theoretical basis and model reference for the optimal design of electric arc furnaces electrode regulator system.
Fused magnesia manufacturing process: a survey
This paper provides an overview of the manufacturing process of fused magnesia. A brief introduction to fused magnesia and its industrial production process are presented first. In order to meet the market requirements and reduce costs, fused magnesia industrial process begins to focus on these issues: high energy consumption, serious pollution, low utilization of raw materials. So the issues related to fused magnesia are reviewed. The literature work related to the fused magnesia manufacturing process is divided into four categories: modeling, optimization, control, and experimental constraints. As can be seen, with the continuous development of intelligent manufacturing technology, fused magnesia manufacturing process begins to emerge new opportunities. Research trends and opportunities are presented in the final section, with an emphasis on future potential intelligent technologies.
Measuring Sheet Resistances of Dielectrics Using Co‐Planar Hydrogel Electrochemical Cells with Practical Applications to Characterize the Protective Quality of Paints on Sculptures
Electrical properties of thin dielectric films at the solid-liquid phase boundary are an important performance characteristic of many devices, coatings and sensors. In this paper, co-polymeric hydrogels of polyacrylic acid co-sulfonic acid, swollen with a salt solution to act as the solid electrolyte, were used to assess interfaces using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a co-planar geometry. Silane-modified glasses were characterized by the co-planar hydrogel EIS cell and found to be distinguishable based on their surface monolayer chemistry. EIS measurements were also made on primed and painted metal substrates, using both test panels and an outdoor sculpture, Tony Smith's Stinger. The panels were then exposed to accelerated and outdoor weathering and showed degradation on the surface paint layers, which was observable electrochemically using EIS and confirmed visually by SEM. Electrochemical spectral features were compared between data from a standard paint-test cell versus this co-planar hydrogel cell; both cell types were able to measure coating capacitance, providing useful information about the condition of the bulk coating. Yet, sheet resistance (Rs) was a spectral feature seen only by the co-planar hydrogel cell. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of such co-planar hydrogel cells can provide an earlier warning sign to coating degradation and such cells provide a new type of spectral information that is not assessable by the standard geometry.