Consequences of advances in agricultural technologies for the distribution of segetal plant communities and species in the Republic of Bashkortostan
G. R. Khasanovaa, *, M. V. Lebedevab, **, B. M. Mirkinc, and L. G. Naumovad, *** aBashkir State Agrarian University, Ufa, 450001 Russia bBotanical Garden-Institute, Ufa Scientific Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ufa, 450080 Russia cUfa Institute of Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Russia dBashkir State Pedagogical University, Ufa, 450000 Russia *e-mail: gulnazrim@yandex.ru **e-mail: lebedevamv@mail.ru ***е-mail: leniza.gumerovna@yandex.ru Received May 12, 2016
Modeling of ecosystem dynamics: nonlinearity and synergetics
Mathematical modeling and computational experiment of the soil-plant systems (SPS) ecology are forming the basis of analysis and prediction scientific paradigm of more complex ecosystems. The dynamics of processes occurring in open biological systems and phenomena occurring in inorganic environments are comparing in this research. The behavior of systems of biotic and abiotic origin has bifurcation points associated with the nonlinear nature of interaction between the external environment and the elements inside, predetermining the synergy of evolution. During the studying SPS using the example of the Black Lands of the Republic of Kalmykia, a mathematical model of multichannel transitions between elements was developed using the Markov process mechanism. The dynamics of the SPS ecotope destruction and recovery was studied in the approximation of homogeneous Markov chains. Stationary final distributions of the comparison of classes derived from matrices with high degrees revealed bifurcation points, the nonlinearity of the succession process. Mathematical modeling gave the lifetime of an intermediate states stable existence. As a result, the methodology for assessing the ecological status of arid ecosystems using Markov chains has been proposed. The analogy with inorganic systems allowed detailing the process of the origin of bifurcation points. Comparison of the dynamics of open systems «living» and «inanimate» nature has led to their synergistic unity. Nonlinear processes in inorganic environment are qualitatively similar to the dynamics of macroscopic systems in ecology.
Numerical Simulation of Induction Heating Process of Continuous Casting Slab
Compared with traditional blazing furnace, the Continuous Casting-Direct Rolling is an advanced manufacturing steel technology, which can reduce energy waste, decrease pollution and enhance efficiency. The characteristics of steels during induction heating are complex, the change of material properties with temperature makes exact analysis methods very difficult to implement. Therefore, a powerful computer aided numerical tool (i.e., finite difference analysis) is selected to numerically model the induction heating process in this paper. The mathematic model coupling with electromagnetic field and thermal field was established, and it was solved by finite difference method (FDM), thus the slab temperature distribution and its variation with time were obtained, and the characteristics in whole induction heating process were studied. To validate the program feasible, the results were evaluated and compared with experiment results, which showed that the simulation results are reliable and effective. The skin effect in heating process from the two results was studied and demonstrated, the temperature change caused by different parameters such as the induced power intensity and the corner radian were also presented, which indicate that the slab temperature can be heated uniformly through adjusting these parameters, thus the continuous casting slab can meet the rolling requirement.