Advance fee fraud: trends and issues in the Caribbean
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to discuss the trends and issues involved in advance fee fraud in the Caribbean.Design/methodology/approach – The paper offers a definition of advance fee fraud, describing its practice in the context of the Caribbean. The paper outlines the current state of the law in the region, the need for action and the legislative and enforcement strategies required.Findings – International and regional efforts have been geared towards drug trafficking and money laundering and, in more recent times, terrorism. The time is now ripe for these international and regional efforts to add to their focus advance fee fraud in all its versions and variations. The need to take proactive and decisive measures against advance fee fraud is even more evident in the context of the growth in the use of technology in commerce due to the obvious economic advantage. Advance fee fraud is not just a trick or reward for greed, it is an economic crime and there must be a drastic response from the regi...
Advance fee frauds messages – non‐declining trend
Purpose – This paper aims to present some intake on advance fee frauds. Frauds of which frequency of occurrence, despite being long present and people are globally aware of them, still present great danger. Several quantitative and qualitative analyses were done in order to find out how and why these messages actually work.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is based on a literature review, quantitative analysis (using SPSS) and qualitative analysis (using MAXQDA). Databases ware composed from messages accumulated in two periods, 1998‐2005 (547 messages) and Jan‐Sept 2012 (59 messages).Findings – Advance fee frauds are not declining in occurrence. They are constantly developing and use both bulk sending and narrower targeting. The latter present more dangers as the messages are more adapted to the interest of the message receiver. There also seems to be a severe resemblance and connection to other types of fraud, especially cybernetic frauds (like pilfering, phishing, or e‐mail spoofing). These types ...
An introduction to dramatherapy
What Is Dramatherapy? Theory into Practice Preparing for Dramatherapy Beginning a Dramatherapy Session Applying Dramatherapy The Heart of Dramatherapy Dramatherapy and 'Mental Illness' Dramatherapy and Other Forms of Disorder of Mind Other Client Groups and Dramatherapy