Millimeter-wave AlGaAs-GaAs HBT power operation
The AlGaAs-GaAs HBT has demonstrated good power performance up to 18 GHz. Although f/sub max/ is typically above 100 GHz, the power performance limitation and large signal operation at millimeter wave frequencies have not been studied. Power results from two HBT structures at 35 GHz are analyzed based on numerical simulation. The HBT demonstrated 8.5-dB linear power gain, 30% PAE with 7.8-dB gain and 7.5-V V/sub ce/ bias. The power density reaches 1.25 mW/ mu m/sup 2/. A shorter collector (0.4 mu m) is shown to be better suited for 35-GHz operation as a result of shorter collector transit time and smaller residual collector voltage. Improvement can be achieved by reducing the base and collector resistance, and the collector capacitance.<<ETX>>
GaAs HBT's for microwave integrated circuits
The status of the microwave GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) technology is reviewed. Microwave circuits for advanced military and commercial systems continue to increase their dependence on the performance, functionality, and cost of active components fabricated using solid-state technology. The performance advantages provided by GaAs HBT's, for several critical circuit applications, have stimulated a worldwide development activity. Progress in HBT device technology and microwave circuit applications has been extremely rapid because of the broad availability of III-V compound semiconductor epitaxial materials and prior experience with GaAs field-effect transistors (FET's) and monolithic microwave integrated circuits (MMIC's). The great flexibility of HBT's in microwave circuits makes them prime candidates for applications in complex multifunctional microwave/digital IC's in next-generation systems. >
Measurement and Demonstration of Thermal Expansion Coefficient
There are many classroom demonstrations, such as the ball-and-ring experiment, for showing the existence of thermal expansion of solids. The coefficient of linear expansion α (= increase in length divided by the original length times the change in temperature) may be measured in high school laboratories using a number of methods.1–4 In this paper we describe an especially simple experiment for determining α for a metal rod. It is based on the well-known optical lever method and is suitable for either a laboratory experiment or a classroom exercise.