Total Phenol and Antioxidant from Seed and Peel of Ripe and Unripe of Indonesian Sugar Apple ( Annona squamosa L . ) Extracted with Various Solvents Deva
Study on total phenol and antioxidantactivity ofsugar apple fruits of various solvent, part of fruits, and level of ripening. Solvent extraction used were 80% (v/v) methanol, 50% (v/v) acetone, boiling water, and 50% (v/v) ethanol. Part of fruits thatbeen used for samples were seed and peel which are normally by products of sugar apple processing, level of ripening were unripe, and ripe sugar apple fruits. Total phenol was determined by Folin-ciocalteau method. Total antioxidant was quantified by 1,1-diphenyl-2picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) method.Therewas a difference in type of solvent, part of fruits, and level of ripeningon total phenol and antioxidant concentration of sugar apple fruits. Seeds have higher total phenol concentration than peels of this fruits. Unripe sugar apple fruits have higher total phenol and antioxidant than ripe fruit. The best solvent for phenol extraction was ethanol 50%butthe best solvent for antioxidant extraction was acetone 50%.
QUANTIFICATION OF ASCORBIC ACID IN LEAVES OF ANNONA SQUAMOSA Research Article
Annona squamosa Linn is a multipurpose tree with edible fruits & a source of the medicinal & industrial products. Annona squamosa Linn is used as an antioxidant, antidiabetics, hepatoprotective, cytotoxicactivity, genetoxicity, antitumor activity, antilice agent. The leaves of Annona squamosa contains valuable quantity of ascorbic acid and tannins. Vitamin-C, chemically known as ascorbic acid, is an important component of a healthy diet. The history of vitamin-C revolves around the history of the human disease scurvy, probably the first human illness to be recognized as a deficiency disease. Its symptoms include exhaustion, massive hemorrhaging of flesh and gums, general weakness and diarrhea. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid, AA) is a water-soluble organic compound involved in many biological processes.
Slotted Waveguide Antenna With Two Radiation Nulls
A design of a linear array antenna having two radiation nulls and otherwise omnidirectional radiation pattern is reported. A new configuration of a waveguide broad wall longitudinal slot doublet with positive and negative offsets with respect to the waveguide center line is used to design the array. This type of doublet produces two radiation nulls. Each of the null directions can be shifted at least up to plusmn25deg by proper choice of slot offset. Resonance and radiation characteristics of the proposed doublet are also presented. Finally, one linear array antenna consisting of seven doublets has been fabricated. Measurements show that the 15 dB null widths are 14.2deg and the null depths are at least 24.8 dB. Maximum gain ripple in the omnidirectional region is 1.75 dB.