Elemental analysis of whole blood using proton-induced X-ray emmission.
A technique for the analysis of trace elements in whole blood was developed using proton-induced x-ray emission. Samples of 0.1 ml whole blood from humans and mice were dried, weighed, and then ashed in a plasma asher. Targets were prepared by placing drops made from the ash and a 100-ppM Pd solution onto Formvar backings. The samples were irradiated with 2.25-MeV protons, and the x-rays analyzed in a nondispersive x-ray detector. The elements Fe, Cu, Zn, Se, and Rb were detected with a precision of 7, 18, 7, 50, and 19%, respectively, in human whole blood. The precision of the technique was determined by statistical analyses of two different sets of 27 samples. The system was found to be linear for variations in elemental concentration. The accuracy for deterrmination of Zn was found to be within 10% by comparison to atomic absorption spectrometry.
Effects of preparation methods of biomedical samples on PIXE measurement sensitivity.
Instrumental sample preparation techniques for PIXE measurements of human blood serum and bovine muscle were investigated. The techniques studied were direct measurement of a drop, drying on a foil and on an Al cup, lyophilization on a foil, pellet pressing of dried material, microtome sectioning and biopsy preparation. The same serum and muscle were used in each procedure allowing the comparison of detection limits between different methods. The most beneficial technique for both samples was lyophilization and pellet pressing.
Über die Verwendung unterstöchiometrischer Fällungsreaktionen in der radiochemischen Analyse
SummaryThe principle of substoichiometric final precipitation in radiochemical analysis is discussed by means of the following examples: activation-analytical determination of traces of zirconium and hafnium in high-purity aluminium, and determination of fission cesium in mixtures of fission products.ZusammenfassungEs wird das Prinzip der Verwendung unterstöchiometrischer Endfällungen bei radiochemischen Analysen an der aktivierungsanalytischen Bestimmung von Zirkonium- und Hafniumspuren in Reinstaluminium und an der Bestimmung von Spaltcäsium in Spaltproduktgemischen erläutert.