Implementation of Existing International Legal Instruments for Conservation and Sustainable Uses of Marine Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction: A Case Study of the OSPAR Convention
The states of the world face the new challenge of attempting to prevent the global loss of marine biodiversity by protecting the 64% of the surface area of the oceans that lies beyond national jurisdiction. With this aim, various regional agreements have been negotiated to commit states to set up representative networks of marine protected areas (MPAs). The aim of this note is to explain how it was possible to designate six MPAs in the high sea under the OSPAR Convention and some of the challenges this process raised.
The Future of International Environmental Law
Through a collection essays by leading scholars in international environmental law from around the world, this book explores the future of international environmental law in a world of ever worsening environmental crises. It examines the success stories and the failures of international environmental law and argues that future responses to global environmental crisis will be more about good environmental governance rather than just more treaties and laws. Environmental governance in future will need to accommodate the needs and aspirations of peoples from developed and developing countries alike and will have to be based on decisions and actions by a vast range of actors and stakeholders and not just the nation state that has traditionally dominated environmental diplomacy to date. In future this also suggests a need to be cognizant of the close links to other areas of international law including human rights.
Phytochemical and FT-IR Spectral Analysis of Certain Bamboo Species of SouthIndia
Bamboo with its varied uses has historically been an integral part of livelihoods and lifestyles in India. The present study was carried out to characterize the bioactive constituents present in the leaf extracts of certain bamboo species using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic analysis (FT-IR). The various solvent extracts of various bamboo leaves subjected to qualitative analysis showed the availability of phytoconstituents including alkaloids, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, terpenoids, steroids, coumarins and phytosterols. Quinones were completely absent in all the five bamboo species. The FT-IR spectrum confirmed the presence of sulphides (SS), phenols (C-O), aromatic compounds, thiols (S-H), aliphatic compounds (C-Cl) and amines (NH) in different bamboo species. The present investigation has also opened avenues for further research into the development of potent phytomedicines from different bamboo species.