The accounting of the simultaneous exposure of the low temperatures and the penetrating radiation at the circuit simulation of the BiJFET analog interfaces of the sensors
The article considers a choice of CAD system and SPICE-models for the circuit simulation of characteristics of the bipolar (BiJFET) analog integrated circuits (IC) at the exposure of the penetrating radiation (PR) and the low temperatures. The authors suggest a modified SPICE-model, which describes the nonmonotonic change of the peak drain current and the slope of the p-n junction FET (JFET) within the temperature range from −200°C to 30°C.
Low-temperature BiJFet Op-Amp with high slew rate
The article considers a method of increasing the maximum slew rate (SR) of BiJFets Op-Amp with one-pole frequency compensation, the input stage of which operates in the microcurrent mode (1÷10 μA). To increase the SR by 1–3 orders the authors introduce a correcting differential stage and an RC-correction differential circuit, which speeds up the recharging processes of the main correcting capacitor, into the original classical Op-Amp circuit. As active elements of the circuit, the bipolar and field effect transistors (BiJFets) of the 3KBT technological process (JSC “Integral”, Minsk), which provides high radiation hardness of the Op-Amp (neutron flux up to Fn<1013 n/cm2, accumulated dose of radiation up to Dg≤1 Mrad) and the possibility of Op-Amp operation at low temperatures, including cryogenic ones (up to −190°C).
The incidence of dead and dying fish in the Moray Firth, September 1963
Dead and dying fish were reported from the Moray Firth during a period of 15 days in September 1963. The initial mortalities were in the inner Firth, but they later spread outwards, especially eastwards along the southern shores of the Firth. Mass mortalities of the lugworm (Arenicola marina) also occurred in Scottish waters in 1962 and 1963, and at Balintorein Easter Ross fish and lugworm mortalities were contemporary.