A study into the formation and characterisation of electroless nickel silicide for laser doped solar cells
In this paper we will study the formation and characteristics of nickel silicide compounds and the subsequent specific contact resistivity (Ω.cm2) during the formation of an ohmic contact in solar cells. Using Transmission Line Method (TLM) we will analyse the electrical characteristics of the formed nickel silicides at different sintering temperatures and durations. In each sintering condition tested, the relationship between the total resistance and the distance between the contact pads on the fabricated test structures is measured and graphed. From these graphs the contact resistance (Ω) and specific contact resistivity (Ω.cm2) of the metallisation stack is calculated and tabulated. We conclude the paper by showing the optimum sintering condition of 350°C for three minutes for laser doped solar cells which yields negligible contact resistance.
The importance of surface roughness in the adhesion of electroless-plated metal in inkjet printed grooves
Good metal to silicon adhesion is essential in achieving high fill factor and low series resistance in high-efficiency solar cells, and electroless plating has provided a cost-effective method of metallising the grooves of these cells. Unfortunately the smoothness and shallowness of grooves created using inkjet printing can limit the mechanical adhesion of the deposited metal. In this paper we examine the importance of roughness in achieving a successful adhesion between electroless-deposited nickel and the silicon surface in inkjet printed grooves. We investigate several low HF or HF-free chemical solutions commonly used for etching the surface of inkjet-printed grooves with minimum impact on the sensitive dielectric layer. We conclude by presenting a roughening technique suitable for inkjet printed solar cell fabrication.
Life Strategies, Human Evolution, Environmental Design
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