Implementation of Existing International Legal Instruments for Conservation and Sustainable Uses of Marine Biodiversity in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction: A Case Study of the OSPAR Convention
The states of the world face the new challenge of attempting to prevent the global loss of marine biodiversity by protecting the 64% of the surface area of the oceans that lies beyond national jurisdiction. With this aim, various regional agreements have been negotiated to commit states to set up representative networks of marine protected areas (MPAs). The aim of this note is to explain how it was possible to designate six MPAs in the high sea under the OSPAR Convention and some of the challenges this process raised.
The Future of International Environmental Law
Through a collection essays by leading scholars in international environmental law from around the world, this book explores the future of international environmental law in a world of ever worsening environmental crises. It examines the success stories and the failures of international environmental law and argues that future responses to global environmental crisis will be more about good environmental governance rather than just more treaties and laws. Environmental governance in future will need to accommodate the needs and aspirations of peoples from developed and developing countries alike and will have to be based on decisions and actions by a vast range of actors and stakeholders and not just the nation state that has traditionally dominated environmental diplomacy to date. In future this also suggests a need to be cognizant of the close links to other areas of international law including human rights.
The Dispute Between France and Brazil over Lobster Fishing in the Atlantic
" It is understood that the application of that convention to the Trust Territory of Ruanda-Urundi was effected by virtue of the supplementary convention of August 22, 1957, and the exchange of notes of April 2, 1954 and July 28, 1959, only after appropriate action within that territory for such purpose. It has been considered that the tax conventions, the territorial application of which has been extended in accordance with such procedure, have continued in effect with respect to the territory or territories to which they extended, in the absence of specific action for the purpose of bringing such application to an end."