Freedom of Contract in the EU and China
In modern contract law, freedom of contract is of an underlying principle that people have struggled for centuries. Both China and Europe fully realized its value, although in distinct ways that are deeply rooted in the two regionsâ€™ historical and cultural backgrounds. In Europe, freedom of contract is restricted by principles of good faith, fair dealing, social justice and fundamental rights, whereas in China, except for those limitations set by the Europe, the traditional notion of contract voluntariness is rather limited by the collective interests and interests of the state. This paper is intending to describe the different understandings of freedom of contract in the EU and China.
What Is the Harmony Approach
Chinese people, like their Western counterparts, are unfamiliar with terms such as “restorative justice” or “repairing the harm.” Nevertheless, they are probably one of the most largely populated nations in the world that has embraced both the ideas and practices of mediation. Resolving conflict through mediation is currently a practice across the criminal justice spectrum. Although it might be overshadowed by this study’s singular focus on mediation practices in the field, the fact is that various mediation practices are taking place throughout the punishment-based justice system. The story is fundamentally about repairing harm in the Chinese societal and legal landscape. This chapter explains why it is “about repairing the harm” and why I view it in this way.
Adolescent sexual offenders: incidence of childhood maltreatment, serious emotional disturbance, and prior offenses.
Adolescents incarcerated for sexual offenses were compared to those incarcerated for other crimes on measures of prior child abuse and neglect, serious emotional disturbance, and involvement in child welfare and the juvenile justice system. Sexual or physical abuse was more common than neglect among sexual offenders with fewer than three prior maltreatment reports. Sexual offenders were twice as likely to be receiving special education services for severe emotional disturbance, and were usually incarcerated later than other offenders. Implications for research and practice are discussed.