The Views Of Pre-Service Teachers About Creative Drama: A Study According To Gender
In this study, it is aimed to determine whether the view points of pre-service teachers, studying at Uludag University, Primary School Teaching Programme, on "Drama in Primary School" course show a significant difference according to gender or not, and to state the contribution of the creative drama course on their personal and professional development through their own point of views. As a result of this study, the analysis of the data was revealed that there was not a significant difference according to gender.The pre-service teachers stated the necessity of "Drama in Primary School" course.
Yaratıcı Drama Yönteminin Bazı Sosyal Becerilerin Kazandırılmasına Etkisi
Bu calisma, gelisim ve ogrenme dersinde grupla bir isi yapma ve yurutme, iliskiyi baslatma ve surdurme ile kendini kontrol etme sosyal becerilerinin kazandirilmasina yaratici drama yonteminin etkisini arastirmak amaciyla gerceklestirilmistir. Calisma gelisim ve ogrenme dersi alan toplam 74 ogretmen adayi ile bir deney ve bir kontrol gruplu deneme modeli kullanilarak yurutulmustur. Rasgele yontemle ogretmen adaylarindan 37 tanesi yaratici drama yonteminin kullanildigi deney, diger 37 tanesi ise geleneksel ogretim yonteminin uygulandigi kontrol grubuna atanmistir. Deney grubunda sosyal becerileri gelistirecek sekilde duzenlenmis yaratici drama aktiviteleri 12 haftalik ders saati suresince uygulanmistir. Sosyal becerilerin olcumunde, arastirmacilar tarafindan hazirlanan, gecerlik ve guvenirlik calismalari yapilan Sosyal Becerileri Degerlendirme Olcegi (SBDO) kullanilmistir. On olcum ve son olcumden elde edilen veriler uzerinde bagimsiz t testi uygulanmistir. Sonuc olarak, bulgular grupla bir isi yapma ve yurutme becerileri, iliskiyi baslatma ve surdurme becerileri ile kendini kontrol etme becerilerini kazandirma konusunda yaratici drama yonteminin etkili oldugunu gostermektedir
Immune dysfunction following infection with chicken anemia agent and infectious bursal disease virus. II. Alterations of in vitro lymphoproliferation and in vivo immune responses.
To determine the functional impact of alterations in lymphocyte concentrations and ratios following infection with chicken anemia agent (CAA) alone or in combination with infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) on the immune system of young chickens, in vitro lymphoproliferation assays and in vivo responses to vaccination with several common viral agents were assessed at various time intervals post-inoculation (PI). Concanavalin A (Con A), phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM) stimulation of splenic lymphocytes (SPL) collected from control birds could not be detected until 10-14 days PI. Infection with CAA was characterized by significantly higher PWM stimulation of SPL at 17 days PI and significantly lower PWM stimulation of peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) at 14 days PI, compared with uninfected controls. Concanavalin A and PWM stimulation of SPL was significantly increased in birds inoculated with IBDV alone. Lymphocytes harvested from birds inoculated simultaneously with CAA and IBDV had significantly lower responses. Effects on humoral and cell-mediated immunity following CAA and/or IBDV were determined by evaluating vaccination responses to Newcastle disease virus (NDV), fowl pox virus (FPV) and infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) during the acute phase of CAA infection (2 weeks PI). Vaccination of birds 2 weeks following CAA infection at 1 day of age resulted in decreased protection against NDV (85.7%) and ILTV (7.1%) challenge compared with protection rates in control birds (100% and 53.3% respectively). Infectious bursal disease virus infection was associated with decreased protection against NDV (60%) only. Concomitant infection at 1 day of age resulted in a greater reduction in NDV challenge protection (33.3%), slightly decreased FPV protection (87.5%), increased numbers of persistent FPV vaccination lesions and increased protection against ILTV challenge (71.4%). Vaccination of birds 2 weeks following CAA infection at 2 weeks of age resulted in slightly decreased NDV humoral antibody, development of persistent FPV vaccination lesions (17%) and increased immunity to ILTV challenge compared with control birds (83.3% vs. 66.7%). Chickens inoculated with IBDV alone displayed a more severe depression in NDV antibody titers and only a slight decrease in ILTV protection. Vaccination following concomitant infection at 2 weeks of age resulted in a higher percentage of FPV persistent vaccination lesions (39%) and greatly enhanced immunity to ILTV challenge (100%).