Historical mass, power, schedule, and cost growth for NASA science instruments
In the early stages of NASA instrument development, science instruments are typically the most nascent part of any NASA mission development. As the building of spacecraft become less challenging for a mature industry, NASA's continual need to push the cutting edge of science requires the revolutionary and evolutionary development of instruments to meet science requirements. Instruments then face substantial issues that can result in significant increases in mass, power, cost, and schedule. Although previous studies have identified such issues, there are few industry standard reserve/contingency design and programmatic guidelines for instruments. This paper compares historical mass, power, cost, and schedule growth to industry reserve guidelines while offering potential recommendations to minimize instrument mass, power, cost, and schedule growth for future missions.
Instrument first, spacecraft second (IFSS): Options for implementing a new paradigm
NASA science instruments have had a history of developmental delays. These development delays can lead to cost growth for the overall mission, as shown in recent studies of NASA missions and a larger historical data set. An analysis was conducted to assess if a new mission development process, labeled instrument first, spacecraft second (IFSS), could provide reduced cost and schedule growth in future missions by minimizing the impact of instrument development issues on mission development. A cost and schedule analysis was conducted for representative Tier 2 and Tier 3 Earth Science Decadal Survey missions to quantify the benefits. The results indicate that the savings resulting from such an approach is on the order of $2.5B, making more funding available for future missions, while providing a less volatile and more manageable mission portfolio. This paper reviews the results of this analysis and assesses the implications of implementing such a mission development process by showing the approach on specific mission development examples.
Parameters for low energy operation of CESR
We present a detailed design for operation of the Cornell Electron Storage Ring, CESR, in the energy range covering the /spl psi/ resonances and the Charm and Tau thresholds, as well as reaching to the upper Y resonances near 11 GeV. The addition of 18 m of super-ferric wiggler magnets will partially restore low energy beam emittance and damping times. Installation of superconducting quadrupoles in the interaction region and the addition of high performance superconducting RF cavities will enhance performance at all energies. Studies of optics, beam dynamics, wiggler and vacuum system performance, beam stability, and beam-beam effects confirm operation with a luminosity of 3/spl times/ 10/sup 32/ CM/sup -2/ sec/sup -1/ at 1.88 GeV.