Pitch fork: a novel tactile digital musical instrument
Pitch Fork is a prototype of an alternate, actuated digital musical instrument (DMI). It uses 5 infra-red and 4 piezoelectric sensors to control an additive synthesis engine. Iron bars are used as the physical point of contact in interaction with the aim of using this materials natural acoustic properties as a control signal for aspects of the digitally produced sound. This choice of material was also chosen to affect player experience. Sensor readings are relayed to a Macbook via an Arduino Mega. Mappings and audio output signal is carried out with Pure Data Extended.
GESTURALLY-CONTROLLED DIGITAL AUDIO EFFECTS
This paper presents a detailed analysis of the acoustic effects of the movements of single-reed instrument performers for specific recording conditions. These effects are shown to be mostly resulting from the difference between the time of arrival of the direct sound and that of the first reflection, creating a sort of phasing or flanging effect. Contrary to the case of commercial flangers – where delay values are set by a LFO (low frequency oscillator) waveform – the amount of delay in a recording of an acoustic instrument is a function of the position of the instrument with respect to the microphone. We show that for standard recordings of a clarinet, continuous delay variations from 2 to 5 ms are possible, producing a naturally controlled effect.
Using Fuzzy-Delphi technique to determine the concession period in BOT projects
BOT projects are affected by several risks and uncertainties. One of the most important issues in this type of contract is to determine the length of concession period considering these uncertainties. The previous studies have developed several models to determine the concession period. However, the uncertainties are not taking into account in most of the previous works. Moreover, none of the previous researches has the capability to aggregate the opinions of different experts being involved in a project regarding the values of the uncertain input parameters. In this research, a Fuzzy-Delphi technique is implemented to determine the length of concession period considering uncertainties. Using the proposed Fuzzy-Delphi technique, the values of different uncertain factors affecting a BOT project is determined considering opinions of a group of experts. The NPV value is calculated considering the resulted aggregated values of uncertain input parameters. Finally, the concession period is determined using fuzzy approach. A case study is conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology. It is shown that the concession period is determined more effectively using the proposed approach.