Solvent extraction of gallium(III) with 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone.
Gallium can be quantitatively extracted at trace levels with 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone in xylene at pH 4.5-6.0. Gallium is determined in the organic phase photometrically by complexation with Rhodamine B. The system conforms to Beer's law (at 565 nm) in the concentration range 2-59 mug ml . The complex is stable for 24 hr. Salting-out agents have no effect on the extraction. Gallium can be extracted and determined in a single extraction in presence of many elements associated with it, such as indium, thallium and aluminium.
Studies on extraction of Cu(II), Ga(III), In(III) and Tl(III) with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoylpyrazol-5-one Separation and spectrophotometric determination of copper and gallium.
The extraction of Cu(II), Ga(III), In(III) and Tl(III) with 1-phenyl-3-methyl-4-benzoylpyrazol-5-one (HPMBzP) from aqueous solutions has been investigated. The mechanism of extraction and the composition of the species extracted has been determined. The effect of equilibration time, various organic solvents and salting-out agents on the extraction of copper and gallium has also been investigated. The green Cu(PMBzP)(2) chelate has absorption maxima at 298 and 670 nm, and PMBzP has maximum absorbance at 290 nm. A new and sensitive spectrophotometric method for copper has been devised, based on the absorbance at 670 nm. The presence of excess of reagent does not interfere and no special treatment is necessary to destroy it. The proposed method has some advantages and has been applied for the determination of copper in various soil samples. Gallium has been separated from indium, thallium, copper, iron and many other elements. The recovery of gallium and copper was 100 +/- 0.2%.
Alternative Energy: Political, Economic, and Social Feasibility
Chapter 1 Foreword Chapter 2 Why Alternative Energy and Fuels? Chapter 3 Studying Public Policy and Alternative Energy/Fuels Chapter 4 Overview of Alternative Energy and Fuels and Their Uses Chapter 5 Alternative Energy/Fuels as a Public Policy Innovation Chapter 6 Solar Energy Chapter 7 Wind Energy Chapter 8 Geothermal Energy Chapter 9 New Century Fuels and Their Uses Chapter 10 Historical Precedents: Alternative Energy/Fuels and Legitimacy Issues 11 Public Policy, Institutional Developments and Policy Interests 12 Practical Demonstration of the Economics of Alternative Energy Chapter 13 Conclusion: The Future of Alternative Energy