Protecting Endangered Cultures from Harms of Globalization: A New Product Certification Approach Using Business Incentives
A recent article by this author borrowed a strategy used by environmentalists to promote rights of species— that of the "Red Book," used to protect biodiversity—and outlined how applied anthropologists could combine with rights advocates to promote systematic monitoring and legal protections for endangered cultures, to highlight the endangerment of and to protect cultural diversity (Lempert 2010). That was one of a series of potential approaches to cultural protections suggested by this author (Lempert 1997; 2008; 2009; 2012; Lempert and Nguyen 2008) and by others to try to use governance, law, and "rights" as a means of enforcing existing international and domestic laws and obligations. Most such strategies, however, are major initiatives requiring investment of resources and risk-taking by individual anthropologists and our profession. Accountability and law enforcement are also confrontational.
We Now Have the Tools and Infrastructure to Hold Donors and NGOs in International Development to their Own Legal and Professional Standards
Background & Purpose: This article summarizes and adds to the tools and infrastructure that the author has developed to hold donors and NGOs in international development to their own international, legal and professional standards, following a call in 2008 for organizations to find objective ways to hold those organizations to compliance with international law and professional principles. 
  
Setting: Global. 
  
Intervention: Not applicable. 
  
Research Design:  The article presents 12 indicator tools (in the form of legal elements tests) recently published elsewhere and a new litmus test tool presented here for the first time for quick evaluations of projects using an inductive approach (looking at project logic), explaining how these tools relate to each other and how they can be used together. 
  
 
 
After introducing these indicators, the piece then compiles and summarizes the results for several types of organizations to reveal an overall picture of which donors and NGOs are failing, which are succeeding, and what this now objectively verifies is happening in the world of international development. 
  
Data Collection and Analysis: Not applicable. 
  
Findings: The piece offers some reflections on the world that we live in where international standards and universal principles are not applied, where legal codifications for international development are not enforced, and where current international development approaches are leading to unsustainability, conflict, and homogenization (suppression of human diversity and adaptation) that the standards were designed to help avoid. The author’s approaches, overall, offer the larger blueprint for an infrastructure of “development” work to promote universal legal principles, as well as a larger set of reforms for changes in social and political institutions and systems in the developed world for making these changes a reality. 
  
 
 
 
 
Keywords: sustainability, dependency, democracy, development, aid, capacity building, international relations, international law, donors, UNDP, World Bank, European Commission, NGOs, foundations.
Study on the gaseous emissions from a landfill
Abstract Emissions from landfills contain a variety of compounds, organic and inorganic, which can create problems with human health. Here we examine the pollutants methane, hydrogen sulphite, mercaptans, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are expected to be found in landfill emissions, in order to assess the environmental impact on the surrounding area. Results indicate that the concentrations in the landfill itself are quite high and in most cases above the ambient air quality limits, while for the surrounding area they are low. The problem is created by H 2 S and the mercaptans which, although in low content, have a distinct odour and cause problems to the neighbouring dwellings.