Cost-effective multiplication of the entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi (F) Samson
Cost-effective and rapid multiplication of Nomuraea rileyi is reported. The spore yields in semi-synthetic media were comparable or significantly higher to the standard medium. Maltose and peptone, carbon and nitrogen sources could be effectively replaced with 2% barley extract and 1% soybean extract respectively. However, replacement of yeast extract with dry yeast resulted in lower spore yields. Sporulation of the fungus multiplied on solid substrate was possible only when the bags used had a 0.2 μm filter to facilitate passive exchange of sterile air. A high spore yield of 2.8 × 109/g of substrate was realized on crushed sorghum.
Selection of culture media and in vitro assessment of temperature-dependent development of Nomuraea rileyi
O desenvolvimento in vitro de isolados de Nomuraea rileyi, obtidos de larvas de Anticarsia gemmatalis Hubner e de Plusiinae, foi estudados em quatro meios de cultura: Sabouraud, maltose, agar e levedura - SMAY; SMAY com extrato de arroz - SMAYR; meio completo para N. rileyi - CMNr; e maltose, agar, levedura com extrato de batata - MAYP. Seu crescimento radial em MAYP foi analisado sob cinco temperaturas. Foi estudada a esporulacao em relacao a temperatura, e a producao de conidios nos quatro meios testados. Dois modelos matematicos foram aplicados para descrever as taxas de desenvolvimento radial dependentes da temperatura in vitro e in vivo. MAYP permitiu a maior taxa de crescimento, porem SMAY provocou as taxas mais baixas para os isolados testados. As temperaturas otimas estimadas para o crescimento do micelio in vitro variam de 22°C a 26°C. A esporulacao nao variou entre 20°C e 26°C. As temperaturas de 12, 16 e 30°C observou-se pouca ou nenhuma esporulacao. A producao relativa dos conidios por biomassa de fungo foi muito variavel, de 0,5 a 16 conidios por centigrama de micelio, nao sendo considerada um criterio adequado para escolher o meio de cultura. Com base nos presentes resultados, um meio a base de extrato de batata ou fatias de batata enriquecidas poderiam ser usados para a producao experimental e, eventualmente, massal de N. rileyi. Dadas as similaridades entre exigencias termicas in vitro e in vivo aqui descritas, as caracteristicas termicas da micose poderiam ser simplesmente estimadas com base na temperatura ambiente.
Mite population density analysis of stored dried apricots in Turkey
The aim of this study was to determine the population density of mite species attacking stored dried apricots in Malatya, Elazig and Izmir regions of Turkey. Storage construction types and duration of storage were also considered. The samples were collected during 2000–2003 in the most important apricot producing areas (Malatya and Elazig) and the exporting center (Izmir). Frequency of occurrence and rates of intensity of infestations were determined (16.50% from Malatya, 3.19% from Elazig and 80.49% from Izmir). A total of 16 mite species belonging to 13 genera and 11 families were identified during the surveys. The pest species Carpoglyphus lactis (L.) (Astigmata: Carpoglyphidae) was the most abundant species recorded (69.14% of samples). The highest infestation value recorded was 15,534 mites per kg.