ARSENIC REMOVAL FROM DRINKING WATER USING FLYASH AS AN ADSORBENT
Nowadays water pollution has become a major problem that is being faced by the human kind. Among various pollutants present in water, arsenic is gaining much importance because of the toxicity of its compounds. Hence it is very much necessary to find the best suitable technique for removal of arsenic from drinking water. In the present study, the removal of Arsenic from synthetic sample on coated fly ash has been carried out at room temperature 32 ± 1 o C. Initially raw fly ash was used for the experiment and it was seen that the residual arsenic concentration increased hencebatch tests were conducted for the removal of Arsenic on iron sulphate coated fly ash for optimum parameters such as dosage, pH, time, initial concentration and agitation rate. The maximum removal efficiency was obtained at an optimum dosage of 0.5gms. It was found that 100% removal can be achieved at slightly alkaline pH condition. The optimum time, initial concentration and agitation rate were found to be 15mins, 140µg/l and 150RPM respectively. Arsenic is the 20th most abundant element found in the earth's crust. It occupies nearly 0.00005% of the entire earth's surface (2). Arsenic occurs naturally and sometimes can be produced by anthropogenic sources such as mining, industrial and agricultural activities. It is found naturally in the geologic substrate and also can be produced during volcanic eruptions. Arsenic occurs in organic and in-organic forms. It is present in the organic form in food in small amount which is required for the body. In natural waters, it is present in the in-organic form namely As (III) and As (V). These two ions namely, arsenic trioxide and arsenic pentoxide are either naturally occurring or byproducts of industrial waste. The predominant species for As (III) are H3AsO3 and for As (V) are H2AsO 4- and HAsO4 2-. These chemicals can badly affect human health(10)when they are consumed in large amount. The ground water at various locations in Bangladesh, West Bengal, some parts of Bihar& Karnataka in India, has been noticed to be contaminated with Arsenic (As) in excess of its permissible limit. Recently 14 out of 20 villages at Surpur taluq of Yadgir district, Karnataka state (India) has been found to be affected by Arsenic content.Several incidents have demonstrated that Arsenic in water may be carcinogenic. Acute poisoning by Arsenic involves the central nervous system leading to coma and for doses of 70-80 mg to death. The gastro-intestinal tract, nervous system, the respiratory tract, and the skin can be severely affected (4). It is recommended that, when water is found to contain Arsenic in excess of 0.01 mg/L (W.H.O), the water is considered to be unfit for drinking. Arsenic can be removed by many conventional and non-conventional methods. Adsorption is used widely to remove Arsenic metal from water and industrial wastewater. Adsorption offers significant advantages like low cost, availability, profitability, ease of operation and efficiency, in comparison with conventional methods especially from economical and environmental points of view. Many attempts have been made to remove arsenic from water using various adsorbents. Fly ash is a by-product that is produced by coal fired thermal power plant. From literature review it can be concluded that fly ash has sorptive properties with regard to heavy metals (3).And it was also found that iron containing adsorbents were effective in arsenic removal from aqueous solution hencefly ash coated with iron sulphate was used in the present study (5).
ISSN 2249-9695 Mini Review Recent advancement in arsenic adsorbents: A mini review
Contamination of drinking water by arsenic has been a health hazard in many parts of the world notably, gangetic delta region. Conventional arsenic removal technologies incur substantially high cost and also suffer from other significant shortcomings viz. slow rate of removal, toxic sludge production etc. Ongoing research is mainly focused on developing low cost effective technology which would make it commercially viable in rural areas. In this term, a number of adsorbents have been discussed and compared for their effectiveness. This review work aims at bringing forth the promising adsorbents for arsenic removal from drinking water. However the major challenges lie forward is the application of described technologies in economically underdeveloped and rural regions, and enabling them to choose clean and safe sources of water. © 2011 Universal Research Publications. All rights reserved
Arsenic removal from water using calcined Mg–Al layered double hydroxide
Arsenic (As) in drinking water and its related toxicology are serious concerns nowadays. Development of better techniques related to removal of As from drinking water is an urgent need. Layered double hydroxide (LDH) or hydrotalcite-like compound with the general formula [M1−x2+ Mx3+ (OH)2]x+ Ax−·nH2O can be considered as a good adsorbent for the removal of toxic As from water. Due to large surface area and high anion exchange capacity of LDH, the compound may be a good adsorbent for the removal of As from contaminated water. In this study, the removal of As in aqueous solution by adsorption method based on the calcination–rehydration reaction was investigated in batch experiment at (30 ± 1)°C. Results showed the removal of 99.99% As from a solution of 0.1 ppm of As; the adsorbent required at saturation was 0.10 g/20 ml As solution with 90 min of exposure at (30 ± 1)°C. Factors like pH, adsorbent dose and shaking time influenced the rate of As removal. Experiment showed that the adsorption process follows the Freundlich-type adsorption isotherm. The explanation of adsorption phenomenon is supported by X-ray diffraction pattern.