Percepciones y realidades de la violencia en la televisión
The article presents the interviewees perception of violence shown on television and its relation to violence see in the real world from a theoretic posing and the dicovery of available information on usage, communications means, and violence, from the multicentered research project ACTIVA held in eight metropolitan cities in Latin America and Spain. The results show that cities considered as less violent perceive more violence on television, and there is a general perception of more than a half of those interviewed that television show more violence than it actually happens in the real life. Descriptors: Television/Violence/Public/Empirical research
The Study of Urban Violence: Some Implications of Laboratory Studies of Frustration and Aggression
AUTHOR’S NOTE: This is a slightly revised version of a paper delivered at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Association, Chicago, September, 1967. The research reported in this paper has been sponsored by grants GS 1228 and GS 1737 from the National Science Foundation. N The frustration-aggression hypothesis is the easiest and by far the most popular explanation of social violence whether political turmoil, the hot summers of riot and disorder, or robberies and juvenile delinquency. We are all familiar with this formulation, and there is no need to spell out once again the great number of economic, social, and psychological frustrations that have been indicted as the source of aggression and domestic instability. Espoused in the social world primarily by political and economic liberals, this notion contends that the cause of civil tranquility is best served by eliminating barriers to the satisfaction of human needs and wants. Indeed, in the version that has attracted the greatest attention, the
Analysis: The Agenda 2007 Proposals: Evolution or Revolution?
On 10 February 2004 the Commission published its proposal for the financial perspective 2007-2013. A week later it adopted the third report on economic and social cohesion. These two documents form the basis of the so-called ‘Agenda 2007 reforms’. They will be the greatest challenge for the enlarged EU after the intergovernmental conference, since they will determine the financial basis for EU policy-making until the middle of the next decade. The Agenda 2007 proposals certainly hint at courageous reforms, because they place a previously unheard-of emphasis on performance and quality. Under the proposals, structural operations should generate value for money, and the funds should focus on projects which generate added value at a European level. Overall the Commission’s proposals point in the right direction, because they balance, on the one hand, solidarity for the new Member States and weak regions in the old Member States with, on the other hand, investments in future tasks. Moreover, they constitute a paradigm shift. For the first time, the Common Agricultural Policy will not be the dominant expenditure category. Now it is up to the Member States to examine the proposals politically and find a compromise between sometimes very divergent interests. It is to be hoped that, during the debate over expenditure limits and division of funds, national interests do not outweigh European interests.