The effect of mechanical deformation on the movement of water in foods.
This study has shown the importance of relating NMR spectroscopic information on the water in model food structures to the mechanical properties of those structures. Analysis of the NMR relaxation data can be used to examine the distribution of water domain sizes, and this has been related to the mechanical properties of the samples. A novel NMR probe-head has been designed, which allows both the NMR and the mechanical data to be simultaneously measured during compression of the sample. This probe-head allows compressive stress/strain data to be obtained directly from the NMR sample, allowing changes in the distribution of the water to be directly correlated to changes in mechanical properties.
Gel Characteristics—Compression and Penetration of Blood Plasma Gels
Compression and penetration studies of blood plasma gels showed that registered forces above a certain degree of deformation increased with the heating temperature during gelation, pH in the range of 6-9, the protein concentration in the range of 4 - 6%, and by the addition of 1 - 5% sodium chloride. Generally, the information obtained from compression and penetration tests were in agreement. The initial slopes proportional to the “rigidity modulus” changed differently with the variables studied. The initial slope did not change when pH was changed from 6 to 10 in spite of the structural changes involved, whereas the initial slope increased with increasing heating temperature and protein concentration.
Assessing student learning in higher education
Chapter 1. Introduction to the Text, Chapter 2. What is Assessment?, Chapter 3. Student Learning, Chapter 4. Methods and Strategies: An Overview, Chapter 5. Assessing Essays, Chapter 6. Multiple Choice Questions, Chapter 7. Assessing Practical Work, Chapter 8. Assessing Projects, Chapter 9. Assessing Problems, Chapter 10. Assessing Oral Communication, Chapter 11. Self and Peer Assessment, Chapter 12. Self Assessment: Related Approaches, Chapter 13. Using Computers in Assessment, Chapter 14. Changing Assessment, Chapter 15. Reliability, Validity and Examining, Chapter 16. Quality, Standards and Underlying Issues, Bibliography Notes and comments on activities Some further reading Appendix One: Examples of examination questions in Arts, Law and Social Sciences