Determination of academic pay in universities and colleges in UK under the new pay framework: the policy and practice
Academic pay was uniform across universities and colleges below the level of professors till 2004 in UK. Following the global trend, UK has moved away from the nationally determined scales of pay. Since 2004, the broad Pay Framework Agreement which allows for flexibility in pay based on a flexible structure has been adopted and used by universities in UK. The new framework provides for salary and career progression to attract, retain and motivate staff, rewarding appropriately their knowledge, experience and contribution. The national pay spine consists of 51 points and universities negotiate with local union representatives to establish grading structures for academic staff that map onto the national spine. The 51 pay points comprises of ten overlapping grades with a minimum and maximum for all staff below the level of professors. The study reveals that the individual sample universities selected from pre- and post-1992 universities are now adapting into a decentralised institutional based pay determination mechanisms.
What's happening to public higher education?
Chapter 1 Setting the Stage Chapter 2 State Preferences for Higher Education Spending: A Panel Data Analysis, 1977-2001 Chapter 3 Do Tenured and Tenure-Track Faculty Matter? Chapter 4 The Increasing Use of Adjunct Instructors at Public Institutions: Are We Hurting Students? Chapter 5 The Effect of Institutional Funding Cuts on Baccalaureate Graduation Rates in Public Higher Education Chapter 6 Individual State Experiences Chapter 7 The Effects of a Changing Financial Context on the University of California Chapter 8 Assessing Public Higher Education in Georgia at the Start of the 21st Century Chapter 9 Changing Priorities and the Evolution of Public Higher Education Finance in Illinois Chapter 10 Michigan Public Higher Education: Recent Trends and Policy Considerations for the Coming Decade Chapter 11 North Carolina's Commitment to Higher Education: Access and Affordability Chapter 12 State Support for Public Higher Education in Pennsylvania Chapter 13 The Changing Accessibility, Affordability and Quality of Higher Education in Texas Chapter 14 Higher Tuition, Higher Aid, and the Quest to Improve Opportunities for Low-Income Students: The Case of Virginia Chapter 15 Consequences of a Legacy of State Disinvestment: Plunging State Support Reduces Access and Threatens Quality at University of Wisconsin System Institutions Chapter 16 Public Higher Education in Washington State: Aspirations Are Misaligned with Fiscal Structure and Politics Chapter 17 Looking to the Future Chapter 18 Why We Won't See Any Public Universities "Going Private" Chapter 19 Concluding Remarks
Precarious Employment, Education and Gender: A comparison of Germany and the United Kingdom
During the last decades most industrialised countries have experienced a massive educational expansion. Corresponding to this development there has been an increase of female employment which is, however, to a large extent part-time. At the same time, the attempts of firms to achieve more employment flexibility - facilitated by government intervention to deregulate the labor market - has contributed to the growth of precarious jobs, such as, fixed-term, (certain types of) part-time jobs and self-employment. This has been true in particular for the United Kingdom.In this paper we examine the relationships between the growth of precarious employment, the general educational expansion and gender in Germany and the United Kingdom. Our first question is to what extent education shields from insecure employment. The empirical analysis focuses on effects of both general and vocational education and compares these effects between countries. Based on national differences in the educational systems, we expect a relatively smaller influence of education on the likelihood of precarious employment in the UK where the educational system is less restrictive - that is, less rigidly stratified - than in Germany. Second, we try to better understand the link between gender and precarious employment by looking at its embeddedness within the national institutional arrangements. We expect that the economic interests of firms to create precarious jobs are more or less closely linked to the national gender regimes. Given the stronger emphasis on the male-breadwinner model we expect that the female bias in precarious employment is relatively stronger in Germany than in the United Kingdom. Data from the German Microcensus (1982, 1996) and the British Labor Force Survey (1984, 1996) are used for the empirical analyses