Development of a fructose based medium for biosynthesis of cyclosporin-A byBeauveria nivea
SummaryA new fructose based medium was developed to growBeauveria nivea ATCC 34921 for the production of Cyclosporin A (CyA). Two different sugars and three different nitrogen sources were used for CyA production. Different pH levels in the broth revealed that the best pH for CyA production was 5.5. Maximum concentration of 170 mg CyA/L of broth was obtained with the new medium in 8 days corresponding to yields of 14.8 mg CyA/g dry weight biomass and 5.67 mg CyA/g fructose supplied.
Effects of the new anti-lymphocytic peptide cyclosporin A in animals.
The fungus metabolite cyclosporin A is a small cyclic peptide acting as a novel antilymphocytic agent. It is effective following either parenteral or oral administration in mice, rats and guinea-pigs. The suppressive effect after short and prolonged treatment on plaque-forming cells, the inhibition of the secondary humoral response and the reversibility of its effect on haemagglutinin formation is demonstrated. Cyclosporin A inhibits delayed hypersensitivity skin reaction to oxazolone (primary and secondary responses) in mice and to tuberculin in guinea-pigs. Its failure to suppress antibody synthesis to lipopolysaccharide antigens in nude mice suggests a selective effect on T cells. High doses of the compound affect the haemopoietic tissues very weakly as shown by the bone marrow and stem cell numbers in mice, which finding markedly contrasts with most other immunosuppressive and cytostatic drugs.
Isolierung und Strukturermittlung der neuen Cyclosporine E, F, G, H und I
Isolation and Structure Determination of the New Cyclosporins E, F, G, H und I 
 
 
 
The cyclosporins, a new group of biologically active metabolites, are produced by the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum GAMS (formerly designated as Trichoderma polysporum [LINK EX PERS.] RIFAI). They represent neutral cyclic oligopeptides composed of 11 amino acids. In addition to the already described cyclosporins A–D new minor compounds, cyclosporins E–I, have now been isolated from the crude cyclosporin-complex by applying extensive chromatographical separation procedures. The structures of the new compounds have been determined by spectroscopical evidence, hydrolytic cleavage and chemical correlation reactions as well as by X-ray analysis of suitable derivatives. Cyclosporins A, B, C, D and G differ from each other only in the nature of the amino acid no. 2. Cyclosporins E and I are N-demethylated congeners of cyclosporins A and D respectively, Cyclosporin F has been recognized as deoxycyclosporin A, whereas Cyclosporin H represents an epimeric form of cyclosporin A and contains N-methyl-D-valine in position 11.