Stendhal, Illogicality, and Imagination: The Dirt of Politics and the Politics of Dirt in the Vie de Henry Brulard, Lucien Leuwen, and La Chartreuse de Parme
Abstract This article looks at the ways in which Stendhal foregrounds representations of dirt in a number of his autobiographical and fictional texts, most notably the Vie de Henry Brulard, Lucien Leuwen, and La Chartreuse de Parme. It shows how Stendhal assigns apparently contradictory political meanings to these representations. In particular, the article aims to recontextualize Henry Brulard’s declaration: ‘J’ai horreur de ce qui est sale, or le peuple est toujours sale à mes yeux’. It is argued that, in his fiction, Stendhal takes care to distinguish between the physical dirt imputed to ‘le peuple’ imagined as ‘la canaille’ and the moral dirt that he detects in all classes and shades of political opinion in Restoration and Orleanist France. It is further argued that Stendhal uses this distinction to draw attention to a series of disjunctions between reality and illusion that together came to shape the post-Revolutionary political order as far as he was concerned. The article begins and ends by setting its analysis of the dirt of politics and the politics of dirt within the broader context provided by longstanding critical debates revolving around the questions of Stendhal’s alleged (political) inconsequentiality, that it is to say the illogicality of his reasoning, and the dominant role played by his imagination.
Reading Julien Sorel in the Age of Terror
Abstract This article presents a new and topical reading of Julien Sorel as a fanatic, and questions, in the process, Julien’s traditional status as an exemplar and embodiment of Stendhalian values (energy, imagination, freedom). In particular, it sets out how Stendhal’s account of fanaticism proves unexpectedly ‘double’, for fanaticism produces both freedom (as in the case of the exemplary Charlotte Corday) and servitude, to a person (Napoleon) or to an idea (honour, duty, heroism). Only in some very limited respects will Julien emerge as the new Charlotte Corday (a tyrannicide); rather he stands principally revealed as Napoleon’s delusional victim, the new Séïde (from Voltaire’s Le Fanatisme ou Mahomet le Prophète): an unthinking would-be killer who passes like a storm, doing harm seemingly at random, and achieving nothing.
Museum of Words: The Poetics of Ekphrasis from Homer to Ashbery
As ancient as Homer's lines on the shield of Achilles and as recent as John Ashbery's "Self-Portrait in a Convex Mirror," ekphrasis is the art of describing works of art. Over the ages its practitioners have created a museum of words about real and imaginary paintings and sculptures - a museum that James Heffernan explores in this book. Profoundly ambivalent, ekphrastic poetry celebrates the power of the image even as it tries to circumscribe that power with the authority of the word. This contest is typically gendered: the voice of male speech striving to control a female image that is both alluring and threatening, male narrative seeking to overcome the fixating impact of beauty poised in space. Moving from the epics of Homer, Virgil, and Dante to contemporary American poetry, this book presents a history of struggle between rival systems of representation. Heffernan also shows how this struggle changes. Poets ranging from Ovid to Shakespeare use verbalized depictions of rape to show the violence men do under the "colour" of their words; romantic poetry at once salutes and questions the transcendent beauty of visual art preserved in the newly born public museum. In the modern and postmodern eras, poets contend with all the words generated by museums themselves to regulate our experience of visual art.