Greece and NATO: A Study of Policy Divergence and Alliance Cohesion
Modem alliance theory is based on the assumption that states come together in defense against a common threat. However, these theories were developed early in the Cold War in an effort to explain how and why the North Atlantic Treaty Organization was formed. Some member states do not fit into the neat theories suggested. This thesis is an examination of the historical events that have shaped Greek relations with NA TO and the United States. The thesis seeks to assess the usefulness of contemporary alliance theory in explaining divergent principles among alliance members and the effect this has had on the Atlantic Alliance and alliances in general. It also seeks to assess the influence of the US in Greek foreign policy from 1945 and the institution of the Truman Doctrine. The failure of the US and NA TO to react to overt moves by Turkey against Greek sovereignty, the failure of the US and NATO to react to the 'Colonels' Coup,' or the Turkish invasion of Cyprus distanced Greeks from the common policy promoted by the US and NATO. Alliance theory is far from complete. The theories developed during the Cold War lack fundamental concepts regarding intra-alliance relationships and cleavages that develop among member states, such as the problems between Greece and Turkey. This failure has hindered understanding of the true relationship between Greece and NATO to be understood.
Delicately Poised Allies: Greece and Turkey : Problems, Policy Choices and Mediterranean Security
Brown (political science, Southern Methodist U.) explores the uneasy relations between the two NATO members holding the eastern frontier of the alliance. He analyzes the internal politics of the two countries, how policy is formulated, the role of the military, their strategic geography, and their p
Law in a law-governed union (Recht in einer Rechtsunion) : the Court of Justice of the European Union and the free law doctrine
The Court of Justice of the European Union characterizes the Union as a Rechtsunion: a law-governed union. The conception of “the law” in Article 19 paragraph 1 of the Treaty on European Union transcends the Treaties, according to the Vice-President of the Court of Justice, Koen Lenaerts. This thesis demonstrates with reference to the work of Georg Jellinek that the Union is a non-sovereign state and, with reference to the work of Eugen Ehrlich in particular, that the state-based perception of law is a misperception. Not all production of law is reserved to the state and not all law is state-recognized law. There is extra-state law. It has been alleged that the Court of Justice of the European Union has had “a free law attitude”. The author discusses the free law doctrine developed at the beginning of the twentieth century and has made literal translations of writings in German, French and Italian by the main representatives of the free law movement. The free law doctrine provides a descriptive framework for the case-law of courts. The author describes the creation by the Court of Justice of four constitutional principles of Union law through its case-law. He concludes that every court is, to quote Hermann Kantorowicz, praeter legem law-creatively active and has, in that sense, a free law attitude. The decisions of judges are often volitional decisions. How the law will be applied should be predictable but volitional decisions, because they are unpredictable, are inconsistent with the principle of legal certainty. In the Union and its member states the judiciary and not the statute or “the law” is pre-eminent. The author suggests how the concept of law should be defined in a material Rechtsunion. He argues that societal legal norms could be provided with an appropriate position consistent with the principle of legal certainty by making the validity of a societal legal norm contingent on its material lawfulness.