Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Forging Process for Automotive Starter Motor Ring Gear
DEFORM-3D software is a powerful simulation tool that uses the Finite Element Method to analyze the three dimensional complex forging process, It provides a virtual testing environment in which engineers can study the influence of geometric parameters, process parameters and other factors on forging process performance. This paper aims at the forging process of automotive starter motor ring gear, and suitable technology parameters have been determined, which is combined with the numerical simulation by FEM method. The variation of metal flow, stress and strain were obtained. And an experiment was employed to prove that he simulation result and the experimental result tallies well. This research plays a guiding role on the optimal design of the forging processes and dies structure for similar parts.
Recent developments in tooling, machines and research in cold forming of complex parts
Abstract In today's competitive marketplace there is an increasing need for high quality components produced at lower cost. In metal forming this means developing processes that require fewer forming operations and reduce secondary machining operations while maintaining strength, dimensional and surface finish specifications. Cold and warm precision forming are meeting these demands for an increasing number of parts. Because the stresses required to deform steel at room temperature are relatively high, cold forging was usually restricted to small, symmetrical parts made from low carbon steel. In recent years, larger, more complex parts have been successfully cold forged due to improvements in forming equipment, die and workpiece materials, die coatings, and process design. In addition to the savings in energy costs, cold forging enables parts to be produced to near-net shape. This paper reviews the recent developments in cold forming tooling, machines and processing. Its primary focus is on forming complex parts which often require a combination of forward, backward and radial extrusion, using novel multi-action tooling and forming equipment.
Heavy metal adsorption from industrial wastewater by PAMAM/TiO2 nanohybrid: Preparation, characterization and adsorption studies
Abstract This study investigates the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater using TiO 2 nanoparticles modified with poly-amidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM, G 4 ). The metal ions Cu 2 + , Pb 2 + , and Cd 2 + were selected as model pollutants. FTIR, SEM, BET surface area and Zeta potential measurements, and Dispersion Observing methods have been employed for characterizing the synthetic nanohybrid and these techniques indicated that the PAMAM loaded on to TiO 2 have been favorably synthesized. The effects of several parameters including initial metal ion concentration, temperature, pH solution, the nanohybrid dosage and contact time were studied. The experimental data were analyzed using equilibrium isotherm and kinetics models. The adsorption process was studied using isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics models. The analysis shows that the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetics are appropriate models for the adsorption process. The thermodynamic parameters illustrate that the absorption is endothermic and spontaneous. The findings suggest that the nanohybrid is a good super absorbent for the removal of heavy metals from industrial effluents.