Zimbabwe : internally or externally driven meltdown?
Abstract : Zimbabwe is a nation ostracized by the developed world and among the lowest per capita GDP countries in the world. While President Mugabe's governance is now recognized as untenable for the future of Zimbabwe, his choices seem to focus on the impact of external actors fueling opposition undermining Mugabe's capability to govern, causing an ever more autocratic rule, or a perpetual leadership style, against any opposition to maintain his position. A consistent repression of opposition parties or individuals has continued to secure Mugabe's position over more than quarter of a century, using whatever methods he finds necessary. The international community must be more cognizant of post-war leaders, realizing that the leader of an armed conflict overthrowing an undesirable government is not always the right choice for a post-conflict, peacetime leader. Mugabe is a perfect example of the traits and trends such a leader can display that must be recognized early to avoid such a secure entrenchment that a failed leader cannot be successfully challenged by opposition groups to rectify the situation. Mugabe's early rhetoric against the constitution, combined with his consistent willingness to use violence and intimidation securing his power all indicated a leader not ready to forego his title or personal agenda for the good of his nation.
Structural adjustment and the response of civil society in Bangladesh and Zimbabwe: A comparative analysis
Structural adjustment policies (SAPs) are now a commonplace, even ubiquitous, manifestation of the established dominance of neo-liberalism in an era of intensified globalization of economies, institutions and social relations. Both SAPs and globalization have led to myriad forms of popular resistance which have begun to inform a set of ‘second wave’ analyses of civil societies. Academic fascination with ‘new’ social movements and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) has intensified since the 1980s because organized responses and resistance have proliferated as the shocks attendant on one-and a-half decades of initially economic and now political reform conditionalities have become ever more apparent.1
The Hollywood War Machine: U.S. Militarism and Popular Culture
CONTENTS Preface Chapter One: Media Culture in the Imperial System Chapter Two: Militarism in American Popular Culture Chapter Three: War and Cinema: The Historical Legacy Chapter Four: The Vietnam Syndrome: Politics and Cinema Chapter Five: Recycling the Good War Chapter Six: Cinematic Warfare in the New World Order Chapter Seven: Hollywood After 9/11