Production follow-up of the LHC main dipoles through magnetic measurements at room temperature
In this paper, we review the tools used for controlling the production of the LHC main dipoles through warm magnetic measurements. For the collared coil measurements, control limits are based on the statistics relative to the pre-series production. For the cold mass, the difference between collared coil and cold mass is considered, allowing a very stringent test. In both cases, measurements are split in straight part average, variations and coil ends contributions. Two different alarm levels exist in case the measured field is out of limits. The analysis can be carried out at the manufacturer and allows detection of anomalies in the measured magnetic field. These can be either due to wrong measurements or caused by assembly defects. Techniques used to work out information on the magnet assembly from the field harmonics are outlined. We summarize the experience gathered on about 180 collared coils and 120 cold masses, pointing out the bad cases and investigating the reliability of the measurements.
A rotating coil transducer for magnetic field mapping
A rotating coil transducer for local measurements of magnetic field quality in magnets is proposed. The transducer is based on (i) reduced-dimension rotating coils, as required e.g. for space charge computations, (ii) accurate transport, for longitudinal displacements inside the magnet aperture, and (iii) components with magnetic compatibility for negligible interference of the measurand field. This allows magnetic measurement requirements arisen from recently developed compact accelerator systems (with curvature radii of less than 5 m) for biomedical applications and physics research to be satisfied. In the paper, after presenting requirements and conceptual design, the architecture of the transducer is illustrated. Then, the experimental validation by tests of magnetic compatibility and rotation uniformity is reported. Finally, experimental results of repeatability, accuracy, and resolution in comparison with a reference system are discussed.
Concept design of solar cell satellite dish
Solar panels are devices that consist of solar cells that convert light into electricity. They are called solar on the Sun or “sol” because the Sun is the strongest light source that can be utilized. Solar panels are often called photovoltaic cells, photovoltaic can be interpreted as “light-electricity”. Solar cells or PV cells depend on the photovoltaic effect to absorb the Sun’s energy and cause currents to flow between two opposing charged layers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the satellite dish using solar panels, so this tool is a signal search tool that uses solar energy to run to carry out its functions. As we know that many places or areas that are still often experiencing power outages so that it can hamper and interfere with community activities. Therefore, this research wants to facilitate the public, especially the current generation who need electricity every day so that when there is a power outage, the satellite dish will utilize solar energy as its main source. This research uses a satellite dish as an intermediary to produce electrical energy with the help of solar energy and is collected into a high-voltage battery in the form of electricity, so that it becomes a source of electricity.