Numerical Simulation and Analysis of Forging Process for Automotive Starter Motor Ring Gear
DEFORM-3D software is a powerful simulation tool that uses the Finite Element Method to analyze the three dimensional complex forging process, It provides a virtual testing environment in which engineers can study the influence of geometric parameters, process parameters and other factors on forging process performance. This paper aims at the forging process of automotive starter motor ring gear, and suitable technology parameters have been determined, which is combined with the numerical simulation by FEM method. The variation of metal flow, stress and strain were obtained. And an experiment was employed to prove that he simulation result and the experimental result tallies well. This research plays a guiding role on the optimal design of the forging processes and dies structure for similar parts.
Simulation of maintenance starting circuit in means of transport
The article is devoted to issues related to the starting of internal combustion engines. The scientific goal of the study is to develop and explore methods and technical means for the operation surveillance of the starting system in vehicles. The registered parameters include the voltage at the starter, the current consumed by the starter, and the starter's rotation speed and torque. On the basis of these values the electrical and mechanical power of the starter were determined. To register the distribution of magnetic flux Hall sensors were used. The operation study includes an analysis of damaged starters, on the basis of which a reliability model of starter redundancy was developed, with a subdivision into mechanical and electrical parts. For the analysis of the magnetic flux distribution for selected operation states the QuickField program was used. Experimental studies were conducted for sensors placed on the rotor, the pole pieces and the yoke gap, recording the Hall voltage signal for selected starter damage.
The German centenary of the First World War
In the run up to the 2014 centenary of the First World War, the German public was gripped by a heated debate on the origins of the war. This article explores the nature of this controversy and its role in shaping national commemoration of the Great War. It also draws parallels between the commemorations of the fiftieth anniversary of the outbreak of the war in 1964 and those of 2014. Through a comparison of Germany’s national memories of the war with those in Britain and France, the article also reveals how different and sometimes conflicting national interpretations of the history of the First World War have affected centenary commemoration. Memories of the First World War are nation-specific, constructed and developed over time to suit a particular view of a country’s past. Moreover, they can be instrumental in influencing that country’s future development and relations with its neighbours.