Studies on Digital Shearography for Testing of Aircraft Composite Structures and Honeycomb-Based Specimen
This paper reviews shearography and its applications for testing of aircraft composite structures and honeycomb-based specimen. Shearography is a laser-based interferometry in conjunction with the digital imaging processing technique for full-field measurement of surface deformation. It reveals defects in an object by looking for defect-induced deformation anomalies. It does not require special vibration isolation, and with the development of a small and mobile measuring device (portable inspection system), it can be employed easily in field/factory environments.
Simple and Economical Shearography System for Testing of Aeronautical Composite Material
To detecting delaminations in honeycomb structures, shearography has great capability. It is commonly used by the aerospace industries for non-destructive testing (NDT). In this paper, we describe a simple and inexpensive shearography system suitable for routine control of composite material. In particular, the system is suitable for detecting delamination deriving from impact at low-velocity (tool drop, bird-strike, runway debris, etc.).
European Consumer Access to Justice Revisited
Part I. Setting the Stage: Access to Justice 2.0: 1. At the very outset 2. Access to justice 2.0: breaking it into pieces Part II. Procedural Law: The Traditional Pillar of Access to Justice 2.0: 3. A brief outline of the developments at the pan-EU level 4. Prime examples 5. Compensatory collective redress: the next step? 6. Where to go from here? Part III. Substantive Law: Complementing Access to Justice 2.0: 7. Widening the scope of the value-oriented justice discussion 8. Substantive consumer law-making in the course of time 9. Recent trends and developments 10. The common European sales law 11. Summarising comments on the defragmentation of substantive consumer laws in the context of the CRD and the CESL Part IV. Consumer Access to Justice 2.0: A Multidimensional Framework: 12. From the current state of consumer law to consumer access to justice 2.0 13. The justice debate and consumer legislation 14. (Responses to) counter-arguments to third-party intervention 15. Consumer empowerment 16. Lessons to be drawn.