Modeling of XeCl-laser excitation systems on storage capacitors
With the purpose of reception of energy of generation 0,2-1 J, two types of electrodischarge XeCl-laser excitation system with was created. The modeling procedure of XeCl-laser excitation systems is developed, allowing to calculate the form of a voltage pulse on laser electrodes and energy input in the active medium. The dependence of discharge gap resistance on time is usually simulated by exponential empirical dependence. In this case the breakdown voltage of inter-electrode gap must be taken from experimental data also. For each gas mixture, parameters of time dependence of discharge gap resistance and value of inter-electrode breakdown voltage have different values. Consequently, the results, which are obtained in this manner, have practical significance for definite gas ratio of mixture, We have developed the simple model, which takes into account the dependence of discharge gap parameters from gas pressure and composition. The solution of Boltzmann equation for electrons in electrical field (E/N) and calculation of kinetic processes may be carried out. In this case the effective rate of electrons formation may be approximated as function of gas composition and (E/N). Results of one model are compared to results of other model and experimental data
Simulation of systems of XeCl-laser excitation of different types
The design procedure of systems of XeCl-laser excitation is developed as for the LC-contour and the LC-inverter, allowing to expect the form of a pulse of a voltage on laser electrodes and energy input in the active medium depending on parameters of a circuit of excitation.
Thorium-induced Anatomical and Histopathological Changes in Liver of Swiss Mice
ObjectivePresent study is aimed to investigate the anatomical and histopathological changes in liver tissues of Swiss albino male mice, one month after intravenous administration of thorium (232Th; 4 and 40 mg/kg).MethodsSynchrotron X-ray micro-CT imaging, CD31 immuno-cytochemistry, hematoxylin & eosin staining and Periodic acid-Schiff staining were performed to study changes in liver anatomy, blood vessels/capillaries, histology and glycogen content of liver, respectively.ResultsSynchrotron X-ray micro-CT imaging of liver showed loss of blood vessels in mice treated with thorium (4 mg/kg), which was more prominent at higher dose of thorium (40 mg/kg). These thorium-induced changes in liver were correlated with the decrease in CD31 positive cells and loss of tissue architecture. A dose-dependent increase in glycogen content was also observed in the liver of thorium-treated mice.ConclusionOur results provide novel insight about the effects of thorium on liver, which may have significant implications in understanding the mechanism of thorium thorium-induced hepatotoxicity.