Steroids XLIV. Synthesis and D-homoisomerization of 3β-acetoxy-6α-(N-acetylanilino)-17α-hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one
Summary1.The reactions of 16β-bromo-3β,17α-dihydroxypregn-5-en-20-dione (III) and its 3,17-diacetate (IV) with aniline have been studied. The reaction of (III) with aniline leads to the formation of the 20-anil of 16α,17α-epoxypregnenolone (V) and the reaction of (IV) with aniline to the formation of 3-acetoxy-16α-(N-acetylanilino)-17α-hydroxypregn-5-en-20-one (IX).2.The hydrolysis of the diacetate (IX) with potassium carbonate in aqueous methanol has been studied. The hydrolysis is accompanied by D-homoisomerization with the formation of 16α-anilino-3β,17α-dihydroxy-17β-methyl-D-homoandrost-5-en-17a-one.3.The structures and configurations of the compounds obtained (V, VI, VII, IX, X, and XI) have been shown by a series of chemical transformations and by physicochemical methods.
Mass spectrometry of steroid systems.—XX The application of the ionization efficiency curves to some stereochemical problems†
The dependence of the cleavage of some cis/trans-isomers in the terpenoid and steroid series on the energy of the ionizing electrons have been studied.
Protective effect of ginsenoside Re on acute gastric mucosal lesion induced by compound 48/80
The protective effect of ginsenoside Re, isolated from ginseng berry, against acute gastric mucosal lesions was examined in rats with a single intraperitoneal injection of compound 48/80 (C48/80). Ginsenoside Re (20 mg/kg or 100 mg/kg) was orally administered 0.5 h prior to C48/80 treatment. Ginsenoside Re dose-dependently prevented gastric mucosal lesion development 3 h after C48/80 treatment. Increases in the activities of myeloperoxidase (MPO; an index of neutrophil infiltration) and xanthine oxidase (XO) and the content of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS; an index of lipid peroxidation) and decreases in the contents of hexosamine (a marker of gastric mucus) and adherent mucus, which occurred in gastric mucosal tissues after C48/80 treatment, were significantly attenuated by ginsenoside Re. The elevation of Bax expression and the decrease in Bcl2 expression after C48/80 treatment were also attenuated by ginsenoside Re. Ginsenoside Re significantly attenuated all these changes 3 h after C48/80 treatment. These results indicate that orally administered ginsenoside Re protects against C48/80-induced acute gastric mucosal lesions in rats, possibly through its stimulatory action on gastric mucus synthesis and secretion, its inhibitory action on neutrophil infiltration, and enhanced lipid peroxidation in the gastric mucosal tissue.