Structural, optical and electrical properties of nanocrystalline TiO2 -- HfO2 thin films
In the present work the properties of mixed HfxTi1-xO2 solid solution thin films in metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) configuration have been studied. Thin films, were grown on monocrystalline silicon substrates using the low pressure hot target reactive sputtering from the Ti:Hf mosaic target. From optical transmission measurements the 3.42 (eV) bandgap of the thin films has been estimated. Electrical characterization of the prepared MOS structures shows classical capacitance- and current-voltage behaviors indicating medium-k gate oxide properties with the low leakage current
Microstructure and Optical Properties of TiO2 Thin Films Prepared by Low Pressure Hot Target Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Abstract Thin films of TiO2 were deposited onto (1 0 0) oriented silicon and glass substrates using modified magnetron sputtering method. The method, among the others, consisted in employing low pressure of reactive gas (
Storm-generated depositional types and associated trace fossils in Lower Carboniferous shallow-marine carbonates of Three Cliffs Bay and Ogmore-by-Sea, South Wales
Abstract Four distinct storm-generated or induced depositional types have been recorded in lower Carboniferous shallow marine limestones of Ogmore-by-Sea and Three Cliffs Bay, South Wales. Type A deposits have whole and oriented horn coral lag deposits and graded limestones with large regular Zoophycos . They are interpreted as storm-generated turbidite deposits in an area below storm wave base. Type B deposits are characterized by graded limestones and short wavelength hummocky cross-bedding with Rhizocorallium and small arcuate Zoophycos , small Planolites -like burrows and were probably formed by storm currents at depths just above storm wave base. Type C deposits consist of crinoidal lag deposits and long wavelength hummocky cross-bedding with escape burrows and were probably deposited just below fair weather wave base. Type D deposits contain skeletal sandstone lag deposits and large-scale, low-angle cross-bedding, generally without bioturbation (apart from borings), indicating a shore-face or beach environment. The depositional types belong to the Courceyan limestone ( Zaphrentis Zone) and Arundian limestone ( Caninia Zone). It appears that the pattern of trace fossils and bioturbation, as well as sedimentary structure and texture, change characteristically with changing wave effect depth in this area.