“We Used Every Effort to be Impartial”: The Complicated Response of Newspaper Publishers to Unions
Abstract As large employers of labor and owners of businesses that conveyed information about organized labor to a wide audience, publishers were intimately connected to the labor movement during the 1930s and 1940s. Publishers such as William Randolph Hearst were condemned for controlling a press determined to fight unionism. Newspaper owners, however, were business operators, journalists, and community leaders and these broad interests led to the creation of diverse content on organized labor in the nation's newspapers. For some publishers, civic and professional motivations encouraged an effort to remain neutral or to offer balance in reporting and commentary. Other publishers expressed support for unions, if only to claim market share. Regardless of personal views on unions, many publishers showed an honest respect for the line between opinion and news. This article examines the complex response of publishers to the growth of unions in American life.
The Communications Revolution and the Professional Communicator
I n this exploratory essay, I would like to offer a perspective or set of tenns with which to characterise and analyse thecontradietory tendencies within what is commonly called the 'communications revolution'. I also want to use this perspective to examine the development of a distinct social role, a role I have designated with the accurate but unfelicitous label 'professional communicators'. Finally, in a more polemical mood, I would like to comment on the dilemmas facing one group of professional communicators, namely journalists, and the implications such dilemmas present for contemporary communications policy. At the outset candour requires that I note two weaknesses of this essay. First, it is highly suggestive in character and telescoped in argument weaknesses, I suppose, of any exploratory essay. Second, the essay implicitly relies on American experience. The justification for such reliance, ethnocentrism aside, is provided by Gertrude Stein's wry observation that the United States is, in fact, the oldest nation since it came first into the 20th century and has been there the longest. Miss Stein was suggesting that the absence of dominant conservative elements in American society results in an exceptionally rapid rate of social change, and certain tendencies in industrial societies are thereby revealed in this setting with an exceptional starkness.
“Family” Support for Family Violence: Exploring Community Support Systems for Lesbian and Bisexual Women Who Have Experienced Abuse
ABSTRACT “Family” is a euphemistic term that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) people use among ourselves to designate membership in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender communities. Ironically, this “family” may be the most sought, yet least successful, support for dealing with the intimate partner violence that occurs within LGBT families. This study of 11 lesbian and bisexual women's experiences seeking support revealed several tiers of unmet needs within the LGBT community. They rarely used services in the general community, although these services are often the focus of both criticism and efforts to build support systems for LGBT victim/survivors. A model presents the different stages and potential sources of support.