Synthesizing and characterization of Cu-WC-Si composite prepared by using planetary ball milling
Cu-WC-Si composites were synthesized by using a planetary ball milling. Different composition of elemental Cu, WC and Ti powders were mixed and milled for 5 and 10 hours in an open air. The powder characterized before and after milling to expose the effect of milling variables on particle size, homogenization and contamination. Analyzing carried out by using X-ray and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The as milled particle size and homogenization generally influenced by milling time and tungsten Carbide (WC) content. With longer milling time and higher tungsten carbide content, particle size becomes smaller and smaller. The average particle sizes of the as milled powder are in ranged from 5µm to 30 µm and strongly depend on the copper content.
Handbook of Mathematical Relations in Particulate Materials Processing
Handbook of Mathematical Relations in Particulate Materials Processing goes beyond the traditional barriers of only one material class by covering the major areas in ceramics, cemented carbides, powder metallurgy, and particulate materials. Suited for quick reference with stand alone definitions. It is the perfect complement to existing textbooks since it will simply cut to the key relations. Material constants will be included to help illustrate typical parameters. Currently there is no handbook of mathematical relations with a focus on particulate materials processing.
Influence of alloying element additions on tribological behaviour of sintered steels with high content in manganese-nickel
Abstract Manganese and nickel are alloying elements with a high hardenability. Manganese is an excellent substitute for nickel due to its low cost but presents a great affinity for oxygen. In this work, the friction and wear behaviour of sintered manganese–nickel steels, by a pin-on-disk test has been studied. The tests were made under dry conditions, 0.1 m/s and 10 N as linear speed and applied load, respectively. Wear behaviour was evaluated against spherical pin of martensitic stainless steel (49 HRC). High manganese–nickel sintered steels were manufactured with two levels of carbon: 0.3 and 0.7% by weight. The unique level of addition of pure electrolytic manganese and different prealloyed manganese–nickel (80Mn/20Ni, 55Mn/45Ni and 25Mn/75Ni) was 4% by weight. All the compositions were prepared by dry mixing in ball mill and compacted at 700 MPa using uniaxial pressing. The sintering was carried out at 1230 °C in 90N 2 /10H 2 as protective atmosphere. Density, porosity and hardness were evaluated. After sintering, all samples were polished at the same surface conditions and friction coefficients and wear rates have been measured. A complete microstructural study of the different steels and their transversal wear tracks was carried out. Deformations of ferritic areas, closed surface porosity and austenite–martensite transformation during wear test were detected. For materials with 0.7% C, the combined effect of carbon and manganese increases wear resistance.