1,5-Naphthyridines and their n-oxides III. Synthesis and biological activity of some mono- and disubstituted 1,5-naphthyridines and their n-oxides
In order to search for biologically active compounds in the 1,5-naphthyridine series, we synthesized 2-mercaptoand 2-(4'-aminobenzenesulfonamido)-l,5naphthyridines and some of their 6-substituted derivatives. 2-(4'-Aminobenzenesulfonamido)-l,5-naphthyridine (I) was obtained by reaction of 2-amino-l,5naphthyridine with 4-carbomethoxyaminobenzenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine with subsequent saponification of the carbomethoxy group in the resulting 2-(4'carbomethoxyaminobenzenesulfonamido)-l,5-naphthyridine (II).
On the reactivity of 4-cyano-1,3-dichloro-7-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2,7-naphthyridine with several amines in different experimental conditions: monosubstitution, disubstitution, and a new unexpected rearrangement
Abstract The reactivity of 4-cyano-1,3-dichloro-7-methyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2,7-naphthyridine 1 with nucleophiles has been investigated. The different reactivity of the two chlorine atoms in 1 enabled us to obtain, by using different experimental conditions, the mono- and the di-amino-substituted derivatives of 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2,7-naphthyridines 2 and 3, respectively. Thus, by carrying out the reaction in a low-boiling solvent and in the presence of a quasi-stoichiometric amount of amine, the mono-substituted derivatives 2 were obtained, which under harsher conditions was transformed into the diamino derivatives 3 when using an excess of amine. During the synthesis of some diamino derivatives 3 a new rearrangement was observed with formation of 1-oxo derivatives of 3,4-dihydro-2,7-naphthyridines 4. The structure of the unexpected compounds 4 was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. A mechanism for the rearrangement is tentatively suggested.
To Devolve or Not To Devolve? Welfare Reform in the States
This article analyzes variation in the degree to which states have responded to the devolution of welfare at the federal level by devolving authority over welfare policy to local government. I find that to the extent that states have devolved authority to lower levels of government, they tend to be states that already had a high degree of involvement of local government in welfare provision. In states without this record of local government involvement, the devolution that has occurred has not generated greater involvement of local government, but rather responsibility has been devolved to regional entities with ties to workforce development and with a substantial degree of business involvement. As states gain increasing authority over a redistributive policy, they may begin to treat it as a subset of a larger developmental policy—workforce development.