Improving Three-Dimensional Semiconductor Modeling through Layout and Process Flow Analysis
Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) is a solid modeling technique widely used for the design of semiconductor devices. With the simulation domain subdivision algorithm presented in this paper, the minimal number of solid modeling operations is required in order to build a three-dimensional (3D) device structure. The algorithm is based on a drawing method which combines information on photolithographic masks into a color raster. In this way, solid modeling operations are performed only once on regions having the same color.
Integrated BiCMOS process and circuit development using SPR
An integrated process development environment is described. Geometry information for process simulation is taken automatically from a commercial layout tool, and process step information exists in a high-level language databank. Doping information can be read by a device simulator, permitting SPICE (simulation program with IC emphasis)-like circuit simulation. This environment is presented in a BiCMOS development context.<<ETX>>
Physical Principles of Wind Energy Conversion
The primary component of a wind turbine is the energy converter which transforms the kinetic energy contained in the moving air, into mechanical energy. For the initial discussions of principles, the exact nature of the energy converter is irrelevant. The extraction of mechanical energy from a stream of moving air with the help of a diskshaped, rotating wind energy converter follows its own basic rules.