Regional trade and food security in SADC
Abstract A number of pertinent questions on regional trade and food security in southern Africa is addressed in this paper, namely: Should a country go it alone or should it belong to a regional trade bloc? Within the SADC region, should countries be content to be cereal importers? How can free trade be phased in? How can intra-SADC trade be expanded? Potentially sensitive agricultural products are listed and the sensitivity in grain milling and cereals is discussed in detail. The major conclusion is that trade in the region can contribute substantially to provide improved food security. There is also considerable scope for greater intra-regional trade in grain and other food products, and for greater cross-border investment in agriculture and agro-industry.
ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF MARKET AND TRADE LIBERALIZATION ON AGRICULTURE IN THE WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE OF SOUTH AFRICA / EKONOMIESE EFFEKTE VAN MARK- EN HANDELSLIBERALISERING OP DIE LANDBOU IN DIE WES-KAAP PROVINSIE
This paper attempts to estimate the effects of some of the changes in the marketing system on the Western Cape Province of South Africa, utilizing a regional linear programming model of the agricultural sector of the region. The model includes supply, demand and production risk, and simulates the present agricultural production structure well. Market and trade liberalisation have major impacts on the structure of Western Cape agriculture, particularly the grain and livestock sub-sectors, with only marginal and mostly insignificant effects on horticultural products.
A Comparative Study of Economic Integration with Special Reference to Agricultural Policy in the East African Community
The two predominant economic integration systems in Europe the European Community (E.C.) and the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON) are unique in economic history for two reasons: They represent, as Ba1assa ([1], p. 7) has defined it, the "liberal" and the "dirigist" ideal of economic integration. Moreover, despite the difference in integration policy, both developed a higher degree of economic integration although the sectors of integration vary widely. This development encouraged further approaches towards similar economic integration systems in Latin America and Africa in the Sixties. The search for a multinational approach to economic development in these two areas was supported by the intellectual leadership of the United Nations Economic Commissions for Latin America and Africa ((28], p. 7). The first United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), held in 1964 in Geneva, passed a resolution in the Final Act to promote econornic integration specifically among developing countries. In 1966, the newly created UNCT AD Secretariat produced a report advocating the assistance and regional association of developing countries in new economic integration systems, to draw the attention of industrialized countries and international institutions to the development needs of such new groupings. Because of the large populations of many Asian countries (China, India, Japan, Indonesia) a similar trend towards economic integration did not occur in Asia. Within the African continent, the East African Community (E.A.C.) of Kenya, Tanzania and Uganda represents a relatively advanced economic integration system in terms of created legislative, executive and judicial functions ((21], p. 55). Article 12 of the E.A.C. Treaty (4] stipulates in principle a multisectoral integration to provide for the free movement of goods, capital and labour. However, the trade of "certain agricultural products" is, according to article 13, subject to quantitative restrictions. Article 14 states that, notwithstanding the restrictions outlined in article 13, the "Common Market should