Conditions of sociability : mobility, mutability and medaglie in early modern networks and possible publics
......................................................................................................................... .........ii Table of
Identity and the display of medaglie in Renaissance and Baroque Europe
Abstract ‘Great men may well lament’, Vespasiano da Bisticci bemoaned toward the end of the fifteenth century in Florence, ‘that ... there should be living no writers to record their deeds’, but portrait medals fused text, image, and allegory to overcome this perceived lacuna of written commemoration.1 Portrait medals embodied humanism in the Renaissance with exceptional efficiency and focus: they exalted the individual in indelible materials (thereby ensuring immortality) while harking back to classical Roman prototypes. Though medals held no monetary value, they became extremely effective forms of political and personal currency. Like prints, medals could be produced (either cast or struck) and reproduced in multiples, thus facilitating the dissemination of physical appearance, and symbolic character, to a potentially large audience.2 They served to court distant brides, were traded with friends, collected, and sometimes buried in the foundations of buildings. Medaglie—both coins and modern medals — contributed to the calculated exportation and exposition of one's public persona. A collection of such objects might be of documentary relevance to historians, or serve as an array of moral exemplars, or as inspiration to writers such as Petrarch to immerse themselves in a glorious Roman past. But a collection of medaglie was also a fashionable, displayable commodity that manifested the collector's conscious and conspicuous association with historical (sometimes familial) personalities, contemporary intellectual movements, and with the modern vogue for acquiring antiquities. As MarkJones has observed, ‘it can be argued that the correlation between status and propensity to commission a medal is as much a reflection of the function of medals as of social privilege or of socially conditioned attitudes towards display’.3
CP3's Standardized Approach for Credit Risk and Current Capital Requirements
This paper reports estimated risk-weighted assets at 27 New York banks after applying the provisions of the Standardized Approach, both singly and in combination. The provisions that lead to estimated decreases in risk-weighted assets had greater impact than provisions that lead to estimated increases. This finding implies that using Standardized Approach elements to make capital requirements more risk-sensitive will lead to lower levels of required capital, unless regulators also impose a capital charge for operational risk. The effect of the different provisions varied across the 27 institutions, but the results, on average, are consistent with those reported in the third Quantitative Impact Study.