Distance Education for Doctoral Students: An Overview of the National Cluster Format for Students in the Doctoral Program for Child and Youth Studies.
This paper offers an oVerview of the telecommunications and delivery techniques involved in providing distance education to graduate students in doctoral programs. Good distance education should ensure variety of format and successful communication; it can come via audiobridge, videotapes, audiotapes, the tBlephone, electronic mail, electronic library access, electronic bulletin boards, and electronic classrooms. In the case of Nova Southeastern University (Florida), distance education graduate students in the so-called "National Cluster" are given several days of telecommunications training with particular focus on UNIX commands relevant to electronic mail and the Internet. A study of National Cluster students was begun there to identify degree of growth in their computer expertise, degree of computer use in pursuing their studies, and degree of effect technology use has had on career status and professio-,a1 or personal interactions. A copy of the survey is appended. (Author/BEW) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
A Model of School Learning
This job is inherently difficult because behavior is complex and has a multiplicity of causes. To deal with it, educational psychologists have evolved a number of concepts which they find useful in classifying the phenomena of behavior. Textbooks in the field are commonly organized around such concepts as maturation, individual differences, learning, thinking, motivation, and social development. These are useful categories, but because they overlap or refer to different levels of organization in the subject matter, it is difficult to build them into an integrated account of the process of school learning. What is needed is a schematic design or conceptual model of factors affecting success in school learning and of the way they interact. Such a model should use a very small number of simplifying concepts, conceptually independent of one another and referring to phenomena at the same level of discourse. It should suggest new and interesting research questions and aid in the solution of practical educational problems. With the aid of such a framework, the often conflicting results of different research studies might be seen to fall into a unified pattern.
Novel method for the determination of the methoxyl content in lignin by headspace gas chromatography.
The paper reports on a headspace gas chromatographic (HS-GC) method for the determination of methoxyl in lignin. The method involves the quantitive cleavage of methoxyl with hydroiodic acid (HI) to form methyl iodide in a closed headspace sample vial at 130 °C for 30 min. After HI has been added, the sample is neutralized by injecting a sodium hydroxide solution; the methyl iodide in the vial was determined by HS-GC using a flame ionization detector. The results showed that the method has an excellent measurement precision (RSD < 0.69%) and accuracy (RSD < 3.5%) for the quantification of methoxyl content in lignin. The present method is simple and accurate and can be used for the efficient determination of methoxy1 content in lignin and related materials.