Design of a Low Loss and Large-Tolerance Optical Interface for Large-Area Optical Waveguides
circuit board using a step-out fabrication technique is proposed. In this paper, we simulated and compared our proposed structure to a typical straight core structure in order to investigate the misalignment tolerances and coupling excess losses.
Polymer Optical Interconnects&#8212;A Scalable Large-Area Panel Processing Approach
A flexible approach to producing optical interconnects on 609.6$ast ,$609.6 mm large-area panels is demonstrated. Stepwise projection patterning from 101.6$ast ,$101.6 mm masks has generated optical waveguide patterns over the whole panel using large-area projection lithography equipment. The waveguide routing design allows optical waveguides on different 101.6$ast ,$101.6 mm tiles to be interconnected. Four different waveguide connecting geometries in the border region between tiles have been fabricated and tested. Multimode waveguides from inorganic-organic hybrid polymers (ORMOCER) (cross section:$le hbox 50~muhbox mast hbox 10~muhbox m$) with refractive index step between core and cladding$Delta n=hbox 0.01$were produced. The index step was adjusted by mixing two diffrent ORMOCER systems. The materials show good adhesion to numerous substrates, such as glass and silicon. Application concepts such as flexible manufacturing of optoelectrical hybrid backplanes with two-dimensional interconnect, a three-dimensional optical interconnect with optical vias, and a hybrid backplane with the optical interconnect in a strip-format on a separate plane right above the electrical plane are proposed. Promising new technologies are presented along with preliminary demonstrativ viability.
Improvement of scopolamine-induced memory impairment by Z-ajoene in the water maze in mice
Z-ajoene, a major compound containing sulfur in oil-macerated garlic products, exhibited inhibitory effects against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice using the Morris water maze test. The effects of Z-ajoene were observed dose-dependently (0.25-25 mg/kg). At the highest dosage, the memory performance of mice was improved compared to normal mice. The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the brain was reduced by administration of Z-ajoene dose-dependently. However, alliin and diallyl disulfide, organosulfur compounds from garlic, did not improve memory performance nor AChE inhibitory effect. These results suggest that Z-ajoene may act on the cholinergic system and on memory impairment caused by excess activity of AChE.