The Views Of Pre-Service Teachers About Creative Drama: A Study According To Gender
In this study, it is aimed to determine whether the view points of pre-service teachers, studying at Uludag University, Primary School Teaching Programme, on "Drama in Primary School" course show a significant difference according to gender or not, and to state the contribution of the creative drama course on their personal and professional development through their own point of views. As a result of this study, the analysis of the data was revealed that there was not a significant difference according to gender.The pre-service teachers stated the necessity of "Drama in Primary School" course.
Yaratıcı Dramanın Matematik Eğitiminde Kullanılması: Kümeler Alt Öğrenme Alanında Bir Uygulama
Bilgi caginin gereklilikleri egitime de yansimistir. Milli Egitim Bakanliginca yapilan ilkogretim matematik dersi ogretim programlarindaki yeni yapilanmalar bu yansimanin kacinilmaz bir sonucu olarak gorulebilir. Yeni matematik programlarinin onerdigi matematik ogretimi sureci ogrenciyi etkin kilan, matematiksel dusuncelerini sinif icinde paylasmasina olanak taniyan, matematigin anlayarak ve iliskilendirilerek ogrenilmesini saglayan bir ogretim surecidir. Bu surecin siniflarda islerlik kazanmasi icin kullanilabilecek ogretim yontemlerinden biri de yaratici dramadir. Bu calismanin amaci yaratici dramanin matematik ogretiminde bir yontem olarak kullanimini orneklendirmektir. Bu amacla ilkogretim altinci sinif duzeyinde kumeler alt ogrenme alaninda hazirlanan yaratici drama temelli bir matematik ders plani sunulmustur. Bu plan cercevesinde yaratici dramanin asamalarinin matematiksel kavramlarin ogretiminde nasil bir rol oynayacagi tartisilmistir.
ISOLATION OF BOVINE PARAINFLUENZA-3 VIRUS IN CHICK EMBRYOS
Myxovirus parainfluenza-3 (SF-4 bovine strain) was first isolated in tissue cultures of embryonic bovine kidney (EBK) cells (Reisinger, Heddleston, and Manthei, J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 135:147, 1959). This agent is antigenically and biologically related to the human HA-1 strain isolated previously by Chanock et al. in monkey kidney cells (Abinanti and Huebner, Virology 8:391, 1959; Abinanti et al., Proc. Soc. Exptl. Biol. Med. 106:466,1961). At present, both viruses are isolated and propagated in tissue cultures, and tissue-culture products are employed for most research purposes. This investigation indicates that bovine parainfluenza-3 virus can be isolated and produced in 14-day-old embryonated hen's eggs, and that the developing chick embryo is highly susceptible to parainfluenza-3 virus infection. Isolation of parainfluenza-3 virus in chick embryos was compared with isolation in tissue cultures. EBK tissue cultures, maintained in Earle's balanced salts (BSS) with 5.0% calf serum and 0.5% lactalbumin hydrolysate (Nutritional Biochemicals Corp., Cleveland, Ohio), were inoculated with 0.2 ml of nasal-swab material (nasal swabs suspended in 4.0 ml of BSS) from 14 calves with signs of shipping fever. After incubation at 36 C for 6 days, fluids from cultures not showing cytopathic effects were subcultured in fresh cells, and the remaining monolayers were examined for noncytopathic virus by the adsorption-hemagglutination (hemadsorption) test of Vogel and Sholokov (Science 126:358, 1957). Infectious fluids from positive cultures were retained for parainfluenza-3 virus identification. Embryonated hen's eggs (14 days old) were inoculated by the amniotic route with 0.1 ml of nasalswab material. After 4 days at 36 C, the amniotic fluids were harvested and tested for virus by inoculation of EBK cells. Parainfluenza-3 virus was identified by serum-neutralization tests in tissue cultures with immune rabbit serum prepared against the original SF-4 bovine virus isolate. Parainfluenza-3 virus was isolated from six nasal-swab suspensions in both EBK cells and 14-day-old chick embryos. Five embryonated eggs and an equal number of tissue cultures were inoculated with each suspension and, in all cases, eggs were infected more frequently than were corresponding tissue cultures inoculated with larger doses of the same material. The isolation of parainfluenza-3 virus from two samples was complicated in tissue cultures by the presence of infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) virus which also produces cytopathic effects in EBK cells. IBR virus did not interfere with the isolation of parainfluenza-3 virus in embryonated eggs and was not demonstrated in amniotic fluids 4 days after virus inoculation. Noncytopathic virus, demonstrable by hemadsorption, was not isolated. When three nasal-swab samples containing parainfluenza-3 virus were diluted 1:2 and 1:20 in BSS, virus was isolated from the lower concen-