γ-Pyrone derivatives fromHalenia corniculata
From 500 g of the epigeal part of Halenia corniculata (L.) Cornaz., collected in the Pribaikal region of the Buryat ASSR in July 1975, by extraction with 70% ethanol followed by treatment with chloroform we have isolated 32.7 g of extractive substances. Chromatography of the chloroform extract on silica gel with elution by chloroform yielded substances (i) and (2) of xanthone nature, and chloroform-ethanol (9:1) yielded luteolin, which was identified by its UV, mass, and PMR spectra and by comparison with an authentic sample [i].
Tetra and pentaoxygenated xanthones of Swertia lawii
Abstract 1,3,7,8-Tetrahydroxyxanthone 1,7,8-trihydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone, 1,8-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxyxanthone, 1-hydroxy-3,7,8-trimethoxyxanthone, and 1-hydroxy-3,4,7,8-tetramethoxyxanthone have been identified in Swertia lawii . In addition, 1,3,5,8-tetrahydroxy- and 1-hydroxy-3,5,8-trimethoxyxanthone has been detected by analytical TLC. Chemotaxonomic significance of the polyoxygenated xanthones occurring in the Swertia is appraised.
Microbial flora of frozen tail meat from captive Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus).
Frozen tail meat samples from nine Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) were evaluated for microbial numbers and types. Microbial analyses yielded a mean aerobic plate count (APC, 30 degrees C) of 4.86 log cfu/g, a mean coliform count (TC, 37 degrees C) of 3.77 log cfu/g and a mean faecal coliform count (FC, 44 degrees C) of 3.40 log cfu/g. Salmonella was isolated from three samples, and beta-haemolytic streptococci from two samples. Yersinia, Aeromonas, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus were not isolated. Typical bacterial genera recovered included Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Enterobacter, Moraxella, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus and Streptococcus.