3-D hurricane boundary layer wind retrieval algorithm for airborne Doppler radar measurements
This paper presents a 3D boundary layer wind retrieval algorithm for airborne Doppler radar measurements of precipitation inside hurricanes. The data was collected, inside Hurricane Lili during NOAA's 2002 Atlantic Hurricane Ocean Winds Field Experiment with University of Massachusetts's newly developed Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler. Two forms of Kalman filters for 3D wind retrieval are analyzed for accuracy using simulations. Preliminary results of the actual 3D wind estimates using the chosen algorithm were obtained and compared with simultaneous and independent wind vector measurements by GPS dropwindsondes, surface wind speed measurements by a microwave radiometer and flight level wind vector measurements
Preliminary results of 3D hurricane boundary layer wind estimation with multilook Doppler radar measurements of the precipitation
This paper presents preliminary results of the 3D-wind retrieval algorithm developed for the multi-look airborne Doppler radar measurements using various forms of Kalman filters. The data was collected inside Hurricane Lili during NOAA's 2002 Atlantic Hurricane Ocean Winds Field Experiment with University of Massachusetts's newly developed Imaging Wind and Rain Airborne Profiler (IWRAP). Two forms of Adaptive Kalman filter are presented for 3-D wind retrieval. Simulations of different wind field and radar parameters are made to investigate the performance of the selected filter. Preliminary results of the actual 3-D wind estimates are then obtained and compared with simultaneous and independent wind vector measurements by GPS dropwindsondes, surface wind speed measurements by a microwave radiometer and flight level wind vector measurements.
Optimal Combination and Concentration of Antibiotics in Media for Isolation of Pathogenic Fungi and Nocardia asteroides
Strains of Blastomyces dermatitidis, Sporothrix schenckii, Histoplasma capsulatum, Cryptococcus neoformans, Nocardia asteroides, and Coccidioides immitis were tested for in vitro susceptibility to polymyxin, gentamicin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and neomycin at concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 μg/ml. Polymyxin was the most inhibitory and gentamicin was the least inhibitory of the five antibiotics. Two Histoplasma mycelial strains were partially inhibited by 2 and 8 μg of gentamicin per ml and showed at least a 2+ growth at the higher antibiotic concentration. Kanamycin and neomycin produced significant inhibition of N. asteroides but otherwise were noninhibitory. A combination of chloramphenicol and kanamycin, each at 16 μg/ml, and gentamicin, at 4 μg/ml, was noninhibitory to the strains tested except for N. asteroides. Chloramphenicol at 16 μg/ml was not inhibitory for N. asteroides. The results suggest that the optimal antibiotic combination to use in the isolation of fungi and higher bacteria is chloramphenicol, 16 μg/ml, and gentamicin, 4 μg/ml. Addition of sheep blood (5%) had no effect on antibiotic susceptibility of the organisms studied.