Zimbabwe : internally or externally driven meltdown?
Abstract : Zimbabwe is a nation ostracized by the developed world and among the lowest per capita GDP countries in the world. While President Mugabe's governance is now recognized as untenable for the future of Zimbabwe, his choices seem to focus on the impact of external actors fueling opposition undermining Mugabe's capability to govern, causing an ever more autocratic rule, or a perpetual leadership style, against any opposition to maintain his position. A consistent repression of opposition parties or individuals has continued to secure Mugabe's position over more than quarter of a century, using whatever methods he finds necessary. The international community must be more cognizant of post-war leaders, realizing that the leader of an armed conflict overthrowing an undesirable government is not always the right choice for a post-conflict, peacetime leader. Mugabe is a perfect example of the traits and trends such a leader can display that must be recognized early to avoid such a secure entrenchment that a failed leader cannot be successfully challenged by opposition groups to rectify the situation. Mugabe's early rhetoric against the constitution, combined with his consistent willingness to use violence and intimidation securing his power all indicated a leader not ready to forego his title or personal agenda for the good of his nation.
The state, interest groups and structural adjustment in Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe is currently undergoing structural adjustment. Despite 25 years of protection, the manufacturing sector has lobbied for reform. Agriculture is divided between commercial farmers, who favour economic liberalisation, and small‐scale farmers, who do not. The fact that pressure for policy change was exerted by key interest groups contrasts with a large body of theory that emphasises the need for state autonomy if economic liberalisation is to take place. An inductive approach to interest groups' changing definitions of self‐interest and an emphasis on political process and institutions is necessary in order to understand societal bases of support and resistance to economic reform in Zimbabwe.
Women's choice in the gender and ethnicity of her obstetrician and gynaecologist
Objective: To ascertain women's preferences in the gender and ethnicity of her obstetrician or gynaecologist and to determine whether there were differences in preferences among different ethnic and age groups.