Lactones 41.† Synthesis and Microbial Hydroxylation of Unsaturated Terpenoid Lactones with p-Menthane Ring Systems
Racemic [(±)-4-isopropyl-1-methyl-7-oxa-cis-bicyclo[4.3.0]non-4-en-8-one] and optically active δ,ε-unsaturated lactones [(-)-(1R,6R)-4-isopropyl-1-methyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]non-4-en-8-one and (+)-(1S,6S)-4-isopropyl-1-methyl-7-oxabicyclo[4.3.0]non-4-en-8-one)] with the p-menthane system were obtained and their odoriferous properties were evaluated. Biotransformations of the racemic lactone with three fungal strains: Absidia cylindrospora AM336, Absidia glauca AM177 and Syncephalastrum racemosum AM105, were carried out. Microbial transformations afforded hydroxylactones with the hydroxy group in the allylic position.
Biotransformation of 3-oxo-oleanolic acid by Absidia glauca.
3-Oxo-oleanolic acid (1) was biotransformed in growing cultures of the fungus Absidia glauca, resulting in three novel hydroxylated metabolites, identified as 1β-hydroxy-3-oxo-olean-11-en-28,13-lactone (2), 1β,11α-dihydroxy-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (3), and 1β,11α,21β-trihydroxy-3-oxo-olean-12-en-28-oic acid (4).
Identification of Dihydroxy Aromatic Compounds in a Low-Temperature Pyrolysis Coal Tar by Gas Chromatography−Mass Spectrometry (GC−MS) and Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS)
Dihydroxy aromatics in coal tar undergo rapid coupling reactions with each other and with some coal-derived species during coal pyrolysis and liquefaction. However, only limited information on the structure of dihydroxy aromatics is known. In this study, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) and gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS) were used to characterize the dihydroxy aromatics in a low-temperature pyrolyzed coal tar and its distillate and residue fractions. Negative-ion electrospray ionization (ESI) FT-ICR MS spectra of coal-tar-derived samples had low molecular masses and narrow mass ranges. Negative-ion ESI is extremely selective for the dihydroxy aromatics present in coal tar. The O2 class species had the highest ion intensity among the species in the negative-ion FT-ICR mass spectrum for each sample. Dihydroxy compounds with an aromatic core structure of benzene, indan, biphenyl (and/or acenaphthene), and naphthalene were identified in the distillate fract...