Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Implementasi Kebijakan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kabupaten Rembang
Environmental imbalance caused as more demand than available land designated as green areas is an important note to Rembang Regency to create policies that focus on how to balance the environment. Green Open Space Policy in Rembang refer to Regulation No. 14 of 2011 on Rembang Spatial Planning. The existence of specific policies for protected areas and open green spaces in urban areas in Rembang also listed in Rembang spatial policy. Qualitative descriptive method is the method used in this study, to determine the factors driving and inhibiting in the implementation of Green Open Space Policy in Rembang using the theory of George C. Edwards III, covering four factors: Communication, Resources, Disposition, and Bureaucratic Structure. The result showed that the Green Open Space Policy in Rembang able to increase the supply, regulation and maintenance of green open space. KBT Marine Parks, Parks Borotugel, Mondoteko Park and updating of Rembang City Square are growing evidence of consistency in the government in meeting the 30% that has been mandated for green space. Research in the Green Open Space Policy implementation in Rembang recommends: (1) Sharing the determination of budget between Parliament and related implementing agencies in order to 2 adapt the needs the budget; (2) Provision of seeds in support of NGOs and community greening program; and (3) Increasing public participation in the development and management of green space.
Penyediaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) Menurut UU No. 26/2007 tentang Penataan Ruang dan Fenomena Kebijakan Penyediaan RTH Di Daerah
UU No. 26/2007 tentang Penataan Ruang secara tegas menentukan bahwa proporsi RTH kota minimal 30 % dari luas wilayah. Sebelum undang-undang tersebut diberlakukan, sebenarnya sudah cukup banyak peraturan perundangan yang terkait dengan pengaturan RTH, termasuk peraturan daerah (Perda). Pertanyaan penelitian yang perlu di jawab adalah seberapa jauh kebijakan pemerintah daerah sinkron dengan kebijakan penyediaan RTH sebagaimana diamanatkan UU 26/2007 ? Bagaimana kecenderungan ketersediaan RTH di daerah dari waktu ke waktu ? Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut dilakukan penelitian dengan pendekatan non-probability sampling. Kota Bandung, Makasar, Mataram, serta Malang dipilih secara “purposive” sebagai unit penelitian. Kemudian data sekunder menjadi data utama yang menjadi bahan analisis, dimana “content analisis” merupakan teknik analisis yang dipilih. Hasil analisis data dapat dijabarkan sebagai berikut: terdapat tiga tipe kebijakan pengaturan RTH yakni, pertama melindungi kawasan lindung, kedua mengembangkan RTH melalui pembangunan jaringan jalan dan utilitas, ketiga pengaturan kepadatan bangunan. Namun data tentang penyediaan RTH selama dua tahun terakhir menunjukkan terjadinya trend penyempitan RTH yakni di Bandung sebesar 28,1 %. Di DKI Jakarta trend penyempitan RTH dapat dilihat dari menurunnya kebijakan penyediaan RTH sebesar 27,6 % pada tahun 1965-1985 menjadi 13,94 % pada tahun 2000-2010. Jadi penyediaan RTH sebenarnya tergantung pada kemauan politik pemangku kekuasaan di daerah mengingat ketersediaan kebijakan RTH sudah cukup lengkap
Protection of the Marine Environment: The International and National Regulation of Deep Seabed Mining Activities
This chapter provides an overview of the international and national regulatory framework pertaining to deep seabed mining activities. It begins by discussing the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, the backdrop for all marine activities – be they national or international – and examines the obligations of states to protect the marine environment from the harmful effects arising from deep seabed mining. Next, the chapter examines the international regime for deep seabed mining (i.e. “activities in the Area”), explaining the “common heritage of mankind” status of the Area (i.e. the international seabed); the functions of the International Seabed Authority (ISA), the international organization established to govern deep seabed mining in the Area; and the concept of state sponsorship of non-state entities (i.e. private actors) for deep seabed mining in the Area. The chapter follows with a discussion of the development of national legislation to regulate deep seabed mining, examining efforts in the Pacific region where many prospective deep-sea mining sites are located. This includes a look at the legislative regimes of several Pacific Island nations, namely, Papua New Guinea, Tonga and the Cook Islands, for whom deep seabed mining may soon become a reality – as well as New Zealand and Japan, countries with comparatively developed rule of law and legislative regimes that have undertaken or considered deep seabed mining in their national waters. Overall, the chapter critically describes and evaluates the current regulatory status in the international and national seabed areas and highlights some salient gaps that require urgent attention in order to ensure marine environmental protection and mitigate impacts on humans.