Energy Doubler Refrigeration System
The design concept of a central liquefier supplying satellite stations as well as failure nudes will be discussed. Performance data will also be presented.
Thermodynamic and Mechanical Design of the FNAL Central Helium Liquefier
Presently at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL) there is a strong effort to increase the energy of the protons in the particle accelerator. To contain the higher energy particles with their greater mass, it is necessary to increase the magnetic field strength in the approximately 1000 magnets located along the periphery of the main ring in the accelerator. The operation of the magnets at superconducting temperatures will increase the current transmission capacity of the magnets, and this in turn will increase the magnetic field strength. As a result, for the given magnet string configuration, operating at superconducting temperatures, more energy can be transferred to the protons—hence the designation “energy double” given to the project.
The REX-ISOLDE project
The Radioactive Beam Experiment REX-ISOLDE [1–3] is a pilot experiment at ISOLDE (CERN) testing the new concept of post acceleration of radioactive ion beams by using charge breeding of the ions in a high charge state ion source and the efficient acceleration of the highly charged ions in a short LINAC using modern ion accelerator structures. In order to prepare the ions for the experiments singly charged radioactive ions from the on-line mass separator ISOLDE will be cooled and bunched in a Penning trap, charge bred in an electron beam ion source (EBIS) and finally accelerated in the LINAC. The LINAC consists of a radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator, which accelerates the ions up to 0.3 MeV/u, an interdigital H-type (IH) structure with a final energy between 1.1 and 1.2 MeV/u and three seven gap resonators, which allow the variation of the final energy. With an energy of the radioactive beams between 0.8 MeV/u and 2.2 MeV/u a wide range of experiments in the field of nuclear spectroscopy, astrophysics and solid state physics will be addressed by REX-ISOLDE.