Termite Resistance of Thermally-Modified Dendrocalamus asper (Schultes f.) Backer ex Heyne
The effects of thermal modification on the resistance of Dendrocalamus asper against Microcerotermes losbañosensis were investigated after exposure to virgin coconut oil at 140–200 °C for 30–120 min. The results showed that heat treatment significantly improved bamboo’s resistance to termites based on mass losses and visual observations. The enhancement was highest at 200 °C. Prolonged treatment had a positive effect on the resistance at lower temperatures only.
Evaluation of the mechanical properties of cross laminated bamboo panels by digital image correlation and finite element modelling
Guadua angustifolia Kunth (Guadua) is a bamboo species native to South and Central America that has been widely used for structural applications in small and large scale buildings, bridges and temporary structures. Guadua remains a material for vernacular construction associated with high levels of manual labour and structural unpredictability. The aim of this work is to develop standardised industrial structural products from Guadua and to measure and predict their mechanical behaviour. Cross laminated Guadua (CLG) panels comprised of three and five layers were manufactured and their mechanical properties evaluated by testing large specimens in compression. The digital image correlation (DIC) method was applied to measure strain variations in the X, Y (in-plane) and Z (out of plane) axes on the surface of 600 mm2 CLG panels. Strain results were analysed using VIC 3D software and used to calculate the elastic properties of the panels. 
Moduli of elasticity (MOE) values from DIC for three and five ply panels were 13.50 GPa and 22.59 GPa in the principal direction (E0) and 5.28 GPa and 12.54 GPa in the transverse direction (E90). Predicted MOE values for three and five ply panels were 20.76 GPa and 18.77 GPa in the principal direction (E0) and 10.80 GPa and 12.79 GPa in the transverse direction (E90). Results from predictions and DIC analysis were compared and a finite element (FE) model developed to predict the response of the CLG panels under similar load conditions. Overall, this study provides guidelines for structural design with engineered bamboo products which are of key importance for their mainstream use.
PHOTOGRAMMETRY AND ITS USES IN HIGHWAY PLANNING AND DESIGN
PHOTOGRAMMETRY MIGHT BE DESCRIBED AS THE PROCESS OF CONVERTING PHOTOGRAPHS INTO CONTOURED TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS. FORMERLY GROUND SURVEY METHODS WERE CONSIDERED THE ONLY RELIABLE MEANS OF OBTAINING ACCURATE TOPOGRAPHIC INFORMATION. IT IS NOW POSSIBLE TO DEVELOP TOPOGRAPHIC MAPS OF SPECIFIED ACCURACY BY MEANS OF AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS WHICH ARE THEN SUBJECTED TO A SERIES OF PHOTOGRAMMETRIC PROCESSES SO THAT MAPS MAY BE DRAWN AT SCALES USEFUL IN HIGHWAY LOCATION AND DESIGN. /AUTHOR/