Automatic Fiber Placement ( AFP ) Technology , Actual State and Future Improvement through Using NDT ( Ultrasonic ) Equipment in On-line Processing Prof . PhD
In this paper are presented all of the technologies used for research at the Institute for Advanced Composites and Robotics (IACR). Focus is put on the automated fiber placement (AFP) technology and the equipment used to perform this technology. Analysis presented, refer to possible mistakes in the final product, composite part intended to be a primary structure of an airplane, due to the inability to know the influence of the compacting roller, or the characteristics of the prepreg on the occurrence of micro voids in the laminate of the part produced. As a response to this acknowledgement, preliminary research is done at IACR where ultrasonic sensor is used for nondestructive testing (NDT) in composite materials. This preliminary research has shown that it should be further inspected whether ultrasonic sensor following the compacting roller, could improve the impacting process and diminish the number of voids in the final product.
The engineering aspects of automated prepreg layup: History, present and future
Abstract Highly consistent quality and cost-effective manufacture of advanced composites can be achieved through automation. It may therefore open up new markets and applications for composite products in aerospace, automotive, renewable energy, and consumer goods. Automated Tape Laying (ATL) and Automated Fibre Placement (AFP) are the two main technologies used to automate the layup of prepreg. The historical development and past research of both technologies is reviewed; with an emphasis on past issues in application and capability as well as their solution, including both thermoset and thermoplastic material layup. It is shown that past developments have moved away from simply emulating manual layup into the now unique layup procedures for ATL, and into the current AFP technology base. The state of the art for both technologies is discussed and current gaps in the understanding of both processes highlighted. From this, future research needs and developments are derived and discussed.
Philip Roth’s Great Books: A Reading of The Human Stain
Philip Roth belongs to the first generation of American novelists for whom a university education in the liberal arts was the norm. This essay charts Roth’s developing acquaintance with classical literature, the starting point for Great Books courses in the 1950s, and the implications for his fiction of his understanding of the difference in scope and purpose between the two representative classical genres. It focuses on The Human Stain (2000), the novel in which he reflects most directly upon what tragedy and epic once did, and what might happen to novels if they became more like the one or the other.