Nitrogen-containing carbohydrate derivatives. XIV. Configurational studies on amino-sugars using cuprammonium solutions.
A study has been made of the optical rotational shifts and conductance changes in cuprammonium solutions of eight isomeric amino-glycosides. The results are in agreement with the findings of Reeves for vicinal diol systems. Care must be taken in using small optical rotational shifts alone as evidence for the absence of complexing with a vic-amino-alcohol grouping. These techniques have been used to relate methyl 5-amino-1,3-O-benzylidene-5-deoxy-β-D-fructoside and -α-L-sorboside to their respective hydroxy-compounds.
A study of the structure of bluensomycin with the tetramminecopper reagent.
A polarimetric study was made of the interaction of the tetramminecopper (TACu) reagent and the Cupra B reagent with bluensomycin, desamidinodecarbamoyl (DADC) bluensomycin, and several reference compounds of the streptomycin series. The results obtained with TACusupport the choice of 5b as the correct formula for DADC-bluensomycin. It follows that bluensomycin is 9, and bluensidine is lD~l-O-carbamoyl-3-deoxy-3-guanidinosc3/ZZo-inositol (2). A phosphorylated aminosugar, D-glucosamine 1-phosphate, gives a normal J[M] value with TACu.
Effect of spray nozzle design on liquid-solid contact in fluidized beds
Abstract In industrial fluid cokers the feedstock, consisting of heavy bituminous hydrocarbons, is atomized with steam and injected into a hot fluidized bed of coke. Good and uniform contact of the liquid droplets with the solid particles is required to provide heat for the cracking reactions while minimizing mass transfer effects. Experiments in a pilot plant coker have suggested that the initial particle/liquid mixing, in the spray jet, is rather poor. Experiments in a X-ray scanner showed that liquid droplets and entrained particles accumulate just below the tip of the jet plume to form agglomerates. An experimental technique was used to quantitatively determine the quality of mixing with a variety of nozzle configurations including several novel designs. By improving spray stability, redistributing liquid droplets to the solids-rich region of the jet and increasing the surface area of the gas–liquid jet-fluidized bed interface, liquid/solid contact is improved.