Tracer Tests in flooded underground mines
Tracer tests are a common means to investigate the hydrogeological conditions in the hydrosphere. Nevertheless, only few successful tracer tests in flooded underground mines have been described. In two flooded German underground mines tracer tests with club moss spores (Lycopodium clavatum) and microspheres had been conducted by the use of the LydiA technique. Both times, effective velocities between 1 and 8 m min could be calculated and a good hydraulic connection between the mines’ parts investigated could be proved. Lycopodium Apparatus (LydiA)
Acidic mining lakes : acid mine drainage, limnology, and reclamation
Limnological Case Studies on Acid Lakes. - Inorganic Processes of Acidification. - Remediation Concepts and Case Studies. - Results of Group Discussions and Outlook.
An evaluation of some fluorescent dyes for water tracing
Eight fluorescent dyes (amino G acid, photine CU, fluorescein, lissamine FF, pyranine, rhodamine B, rhodamine WT, and sulpho rhodamine B) were compared in laboratory and field experiments to assess their utility in quantitative tracing work. The properties considered included sensitivity and minimum detectability, the effect of water chemistry on dye fluorescence, photochemical and biological decay rates, adsorption losses on equipment and sediments, toxicity to man and aquatic organisms, and cost. The orange fluorescent dyes are more useful than the blue and green because of the lower background fluorescence at the orange wave band, which permits higher sensitivities to be obtained. Pyranine fluorescence is strongly affected by pH over the range encountered in natural waters, which precludes its simple use in quantitative work. Amino G acid, photine CU, pyranine, and fluorescein all have high photochemical decay rates. Pyranine, lissamine FF, and amino G acid are the dyes most resistant to adsorption, but rhodamine WT, fluorescein, and sulpho rhodamine B also have moderately high resistance. Rhodamine B is readily adorbed by most materials. Rhodamine WT (orange), lissamine FF (green), and amino G acid (blue) are the three tracer dyes recommended; they may be used simultaneously to trace three injection sites with the filter combinations suggested.