Sources of economic growth and regional convergences in Morocco
Which strategy of growth and economic convergences of the Moroccan regionals to the support of a constant economic growth?¶Called a long time the "economic miracle", the economic growth has causes, a dynamics and consequences.¶ In fact, it of it is nothing miracle since a vigorous growth can be analyzed and explained.¶The actions should target then the infrastructures, the human capital (education and health), the Research and Development (D-R) which are the sources of this growth.¶From now on, the economic growth must be targeted not only on the level of the sectors of the national economy but more especially on the level of its areas.¶Consequently the downward approach, which purely sectoral and is supported by the financial equalization, must be replaced by the strategy of development based on the regional endogenous growth.¶In such a context, the economy morocaine will gain, certainly, of the additional points of growth.¶ ¶In short, the growth at the macroeconomic level needs powerful regional economic.¶The regional economic growth, it also, requires the activation of the factors of growth and the reduction of the regional disparities which are dependent.¶The good working of the factors of growth, on its side, requires good a gouvernance economic.¶
La gestion décentralisée du développement économique au Maroc
Essai de mise en forme d’un Etat minimal, la decentralisation territoriale est admise aujourd’hui comme une recette ineluctable du developpement local. Au Maroc, l’option en faveur des collectivites locales, en tant qu’acteurs economiques, est le resultat d’une “necessite utilitaire” qui s’est imposee au pouvoir central. L’Etat vise, par son biais, a occulter son incapacite a sortir le pays de ses crises economiques et a rendre ainsi responsables les pouvoirs decentralises des echecs eventuels. La gestion decentralisee du developpement economique revele une multitude de contraintes juridiques que les reformes de 2002 n’ont pas pu surmonter. Les cadres institutionnels et territoriales decentralises s’averent inadaptes. La repartition des competences economiques s’est faite au detriment des autonomies locales. Le caractere specifique de la competence economique favorise les contraintes normatives qui s’imposent aux pouvoirs decentralises. La politisation accrue du developpement local l’a certainement fragilise. La divergence des interets en presence s’est faite au detriment de la clarte indispensable a la reussite economique. Le developpement a pris, par consequent, une dimension redistributive et non creatrice de richesses. La mise en œuvre de la politique decentralisee de developpement, malgre sa diversite, s’est traduite par des carences apparentes. La planification du developpement local et sa gestion temoignent des difficultes a articuler les deux. L’effectivite d’une politique decentralisee de developpement est tributaire de l’amelioration des ressources consacrees au developpement local ainsi que du depassement des lacunes methodologiques.
Deliberative Democracy and the Resource Curse: A Nationwide Experiment in Tanzania
Oil and gas discoveries in developing countries are often associated with short-sighted economic policies and, in response, calls to insulate resource management from populist impulses. We report on a randomized experiment testing methods to overcome this apparent tension between sound resource governance and democratic politics. Soon after Tanzania’s discovery of major natural gas reserves, we invited a nationally representative sample of voters to an intensive public deliberation of policy options featuring nationally recognized experts and small-group discussions. Democratic deliberation reinforced the public’s strong preference for rapid spending of gas revenues, but also increased support for various prudential and economically orthodox measures, including independent oversight of gas revenues, limits on government borrowing, and selling gas abroad rather than subsidizing fuel at home. These effects were driven by deliberation per se, rather than a pure information treatment, and show no evidence of contamination by facilitatoror peer-effects in group deliberations. www.cgdev.org Justin Sandefur, Nancy Birdsall, James Fishkin, and Mujobu Moyo