Magnetic and Thermal Diffusion Effects on a Three-Dimensional Free Convective Flow Past a Uniformly Moving Porous Vertical Plate
The problem of a three dimensional free convection flow with mass transfer of an incompressible viscous electrically conducting fluid past a uniformly moving porous vertical plate with transverse sinusoidal suction velocity is considered. A magnetic field of uniform strength is assumed to be applied normal to the plate. The expressions for skin-friction at the plate in the direction of flow, rate of heat transfer in terms of Nusselt number, rate of mass transfer in terms of Sherwood number, velocity field, temperature field and species concentration field are obtained in non-dimensional forms. The effects of Hartmann number, Schmidt number, Soret number, Reynolds number on the skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, velocity field, temperature field and concentration field are discussed graphically and the results are physically interpreted.
MHD effects on heat and mass transfer in flow of a viscous fluid with induced magnetic field
The present study is concerned with /l ow of an incompress ible electricall y conducting viscous fluid past a steady moving semiin finite vertical porous plate under the action of uniform tran sverse magnetic fi eld taki ng into account the induced magnet ic fi eld <Ind const; lnt heat fl ux. The anal y ti cal solutions for veloci ty fi elcl. tem perature distribution. induced magnetiL' fie ld . CUITelil densit y. concentration fi eld and the express ions for shear stress and ra te of heal transfer arc ohtained'and discussed in det;li l.
Microfiltration: Effect of retentate protein concentration on limiting flux and serum protein removal with 4-mm-channel ceramic microfiltration membranes.
The objective of our study was to determine if the limiting flux and serum protein (SP) removal were different at 8, 9, or 10% true protein (TP) in the microfiltration (MF) retentate recirculation loop using 0.1-µm ceramic graded permeability membranes with 4-mm-channel diameters operated at 50 °C using a diluted milk protein concentrate with 85% protein on a total solids basis (MPC85) as the MF feed. The limiting flux for the MF of diluted MPC85 was determined at 3 TP concentrations in the recirculation loop (8, 9, and 10%). The experiment was replicated 3 times for a total of 9 runs. On the morning of each run, MPC85 was diluted with reverse osmosis water to an MF feed TP concentration of 5.4%. In all runs, the starting flux was 55 kg/m(2) per hour, the flux was increased in steps until the limiting flux was reached. The minimum flux increase was 10 kg/m(2) per hour. The limiting flux decreased as TP concentration in the recirculation loop increased. The limiting flux was 154 ± 0.3, 133 ± 0.7, and 117 ± 3.3 kg/m(2) per hour at recirculation loop TP concentrations of 8.2 ± 0.07, 9.2 ± 0.04, and 10.2 ± 0.09%, respectively. No effect of recirculation loop TP concentration on the SP removal factor was detected. However, the SP removal factor decreased from 0.80 ± 0.02 to 0.75 ± 0.02 as flux was increased from the starting flux of 55 kg/m(2) per hour to the limiting flux, with a similar decrease seen at all recirculation loop TP concentrations.