The Effect of Water Quality Characteristics on Cavitation Noise
This study investigated the effects of seawater on cavitation noise using a water jet test, a two-dimensional wing test, and a three-dimensional wing test. A model propeller cavitation test was conducted in a cavitation tunnel using seawater, in order to determine the effects of propeller cavitation more precisely. In the cavitation tests, measured propeller performance for both cavitation noise inception and desinence, as well as the cavitation noise spectrum (see, for example, figure 7). On the basis of the results of the present propeller cavitation test and tests that were carried out previously, we discuss how to control the water quality in the cavitation tunnel to reproduce the cavitation phenomena, especially cavitation noise, in seawater (see, for example, figure 9).
The effects of salt water on bubble cavitation
Experiments were performed to examine differences in bubble cavitation inception, form, and acoustic emission in fresh and salt water. The tests were conducted on an axisymmetric headform known as the ITTC body, and acoustic emission, cavitation bubble size, and cavitation event rates were measured for a variety of cavitation numbers and dissolved air contents at a fixed dynamic head for both fresh and salt water. Differences were detected in the cavitation inception index, cavitation bubble size distribution, and the resulting overall acoustic emission. These differences may be attributed to variations in the freestream nuclei population, and it is hypothesized that the solution of salt reduced the number and size offreestream nuclei. Differences in the overall acoustic emission were attributed to variation in the bubble event rate and average maximum bubble size between the fresh and salt water cavitation.
Complex thoracic vascular injury repair using deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest.
A 61-year-old man with a penetrating injury to the innominate artery, left common carotid artery, and left subclavian artery at their origins from the aortic arch with associated injuries to both innominate veins and an innominate artery to vein fistula after a single stab wound is described. The patient was managed successfully using cardiopulmonary bypass together with deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest. Presentation and management are discussed.