NSSC pulp from planted populus and hardwood sawdust for flutting production
This research was performed with the goal of using neutral sulfite semi chemical pulp (NSSC) from populous instead of all or part of MWPI’s NSSC pulp for producing fluting paper. Firstly, NSSC pulp was prepared from populous species and hardwood sawdust under the mill’s cooking conditions. Then, the two mentioned pulp samples were replaced with the mill’s NSSC pulp in a variety of mixing ratios. Next, handsheets with 120 g/m2 were produced of mixed pulps and the properties were measured. The results showed that both raw materials could supply the pulp properties in acceptable way in comparison with control pulp (NSSC pulp of Mazandaran mill).
Wood and non-wood pulp production: Comparative ecological footprinting on the Canadian prairies
Abstract Pulp production accounts for a major part of the Canadian forest industry. Because of the ecological damage caused by the industry, there has been growing interest in the use of agricultural residues as an alternative or supplementary fibre source for pulp making. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the use of crop residues has the potential to reduce the environmental ‘load’ associated with pulp production. We answer this question by estimating and comparing the ecological footprints of the currently dominant practice of using spruce and aspen harvested from the boreal forest, with the practice of using plant fibre from the residue of wheat and flax crops commonly grown in the Canadian prairie provinces. The analysis accounts for all major land and energy inputs associated with the two production processes. The study results indicate that the ecological load of pulp production varies among resources and provinces. However, overall, the total eco-footprint of pulped wheat straw is the smallest.
Duty-cycle beyond three stimulation frequencies effect based on evoked signal of SSVEP paradigms
Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) recently progressively used within brain-computer interface (BCI) techniques. Typically, the SSVEP response is evoked signals were leveraged by flickering under certain frequency that consequence directly on amplitude signal; selecting stimuli frequencies lower than 20Hz to achieve a high SNR. Therefore, the critical frequency based stimuli flickers are often make subjects feel inconvenience and fatigue through evoking signal. Achieve three intensities of evoking flickers type by propose design that utilized a single LED/flicker. Base three frequencies at 5Hz, 12Hz and 24Hz, which are driven by consisting of regular sequences with repetitive stimulus cycles and fixed duration based on three different duty-cycle 25%, 50% and 75% respectively. Evoked signal of SSVEPs were recorded using three-EEG/channels and frequency-time besides statistical topography analyzed that applied to achieve a final comparison between different paradigms. The extracted result provides a relationship between amplitude and duty-cycle of each stimulus; lead to different influences in brain activities based SSVEP referred to diverse paradigms.