Eletronic publishing and chemical text processing - II. Character and vector representations of chemical structures
Abstract Fragments for two-dimensional chemical structure diagrams can be represented by either characters or vectors. The relative merits of the two approaches are considered and it is shown that the vector representation is clearly superior.
Electronic publishing and chemical text processing - I. A survey of software for two-dimensional chemical structure editing
Abstract The paper indicates the potential of electronic publishing for chemistry authors and publishers and points out that the benefits are linked to the availability of powerful, but appropriate, chemical structure editors. The main requirements of such editors are identified and a survey examines how well commercial software satisfies these criteria. The survey covers scientific word processors, general-purpose technical packages and chemistry authoring graphics software. It concludes that no single package meets all of the requirements and further research is necessary to realize and integrate the needs of chemistry authors and publishers.
Single step formation of biocompatible bimetallic alloy nanoparticles of gold and silver using isonicotinylhydrazide.
Manufacturing nanoparticles with controlled physicochemical properties using environment-friendly routes have potential to open new prospects for a variety of applications. Accordingly, several approaches have been established for manufacturing metal nanoparticles. Many of these approaches entail the use of hazardous chemicals and could be toxic to the environment, and cannot be used readily for biomedical applications. In the present work, we report a single step bio-friendly approach to formulate gold (Au), silver (Ag), and Au-Ag alloy nanoparticles with desired surface corona and composition using isonicotinylhydrazide (INH) as a reducing agent. INH also functioned as a stabilizing agent by enabling a surface corona around the nanoparticles. Remarkably, within a single step INH could also provide a handle in regulating the composition of Au and Ag in bimetallic systems without any additional chemical modification. The physicochemical and surface properties of the different nanoparticles thus obtained have been examined by analytical, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. Cell cytotoxicity (release of lactate dehydrogenase), cell viability and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) assays confirmed that the Au, Ag, and Au-Ag bimetallic nanoparticles prepared with INH are biocompatible. Finally, the presence of organic surface corona of INH on the nanoparticles was found to impart nanozyme activity and antimycobacterial sensitivity to the nanoparticles.