A study of GMR read sensor induced by soft ESD using Magnetoresistive Sensitivity Mapping (MSM)
Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can be manifest on giant magnetoresistive (GMR) head either physically (melting of sensor element) or magnetically (degrades in dynamic electrical or quasitest parameters). The latter case is usually suspected as ldquosoftrdquo ESD and known to be a subtle case for study. In this study, we try to differentiate the ldquosoftrdquo ESD from electrical failure, which cause by other means. Ahead with magnetoresistance sensitivity mapping (MSM), which is an additional feature of magnetic force microscope (MFM), the symmetry and sensitivity changes of GMR sensors were further investigated. Advanced analytical tools of atomic force microscope (AFM), MFM and MSM allow unique characterization of head microstructure, and coupled with methodical and systematic failure analysis, may be possible to observe in-situ the previously unknown ESD phenomena unique to GMR head.
Magnetoresistive Sensitivity Mapping (MSM) and dynamic electrical test (DET) correlation study on GMR sensor induced by low threshold ESD stress
In the case of soft ESD damage, the GMR read sensor was magnetically changed caused by ESD stress. With magnetoresistive sens itivity mapping (MSM), which is an additional capability of magnetic force microscope (MFM), it is possible to study the subtle magnetic change due to soft ESD. In this paper, GMR heads were subjected to low voltage HBM model, and the HGAs were characterized by MSM before and after the HBM ESD stress. HGA samples were also subjected to dynamic electrical test (DET) to establish a correlation between MSM analysis and electrical performance of the GMR head.
Complex Systems Architecture Framework: Extension to Multi-objective Optimization
This paper shows the utility to follow an architecture framework in order to design complex systems with a holistic approach. Multi-objective Optimization techniques extend and complete the architecture framework to support trade-off analysis and decision making in the Systems Engineering design process. The merging and combination of these two approaches, decision making and systems engineering, contribute to the efficient design of systems by helping to meet needs and constraints stemming mainly from the system analysis.