The determinants of excessive indebtedness of the rural poor
ConclusionThe foregoing analysis helps to explain how the poverty cycle deepens and becomes increasingly intolerable for the rural poor.
Correlates of rural black poverty
ConclusionThe misery of America’s rural black farmers and farm workers continue as a reproach to the nation; black farmers and farm workers, numbering about 328,000 in 1970, have not adequately shared in the enormous productivity of American agriculture and in the rising prosperity of the nation.Despite modest steps to improve their level of living, they remain, by and large, at subpoverty-income levels, lacking adequate health care, ill-housed, malnourished, and poorly educated.6 The annual migration rate of rural black youth is insignificantly lower today than during the great migration flows following the world wars; this is a testimony to the barrenness of the alternative lifestyle under which they might live.
UNIVERSAL LOCALLY COMPACT SCATTERED SPACES
If δ is an ordinal, we denote by C(δ) the class of all cardinal sequences of length δ of locally compact scattered (in short: LCS) spaces. If λ is an infinite cardinal, we write Cλ(δ) = {s ∈ C(δ) : s(0) = λ = min[s(ζ) : ζ < δ]}. An LCS space X is called Cλ(δ)-universal if SEQ(X) ∈ Cλ(δ), and for each sequence s ∈ Cλ(δ) there is an open subspace Y of X with SEQ(Y ) = s. We show that • there is a Cω(ω1)-universal LCS space, • under CH there is a Cω(δ)-universal LCS space for every ordinal δ < ω2, • under GCH for every infinite cardinal λ and every ordinal δ < ω2, there is a Cλ(δ)-universal LCS space, • there may exist a Cω(ω2)-universal LCS space. As a consequence, we obtain that it is consistent that 2 = ω2 and Cω(ω2) is large as possible, i.e. Cω(ω2) = {s ∈ 2{ω, ω1, ω2} : s(0) = ω}. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification. 54A25, 06E05, 54G12, 03E35.