Optimum built-in barrier height utilizing an extended concept of impedance matching
Schottky-barrier height optimization for high-frequency usage is analytically discussed with an extended concept of impedance matching. The optimum value of 0.3 eV is almost a universal constant under various operating conditions, and agrees well with the previous prediction obtained by large signal simulation and InxGa1-xAs experiments.
Schottky Barrier Diode Optimization for a Low Voltage Power Converter
Optimun barrier height and impurity concentration for a power Schottky diode for maximizing rectifying efficiency are theoretically derived. For a low output voltage, 1.5 ~ 2 V as a DC-DC converter, the barrier height has an optimum value of about 17 times the thermal voltage and the impurity concentration has approximately 1 × 1016 cm-3, for n-type silicon. Schottky diodes with some kinds of barrier metals, such as titanium, hafnium and zirconium were fabricated and applied to a forward mode 2 V 50 A DC-DC converter. Power loss and efficiency were investigated in comparison with control molybdenum diodes. Titanium and hafnium diodes reduced the power loss from 49 W to 37 W for main circuit total loss, which improved the efficiency from 67% to 73%, at package surface temperatures below 60°C. These diodes show better efficiency up to 85°C, compared with molybdenum diodes. Smaller heat sinks or cooling fins can be used because of those low loss characteristics.
On the ontology of particle mass and energy in special relativity
Einstein claimed that the fundamental dynamical insight of special relativity was the equivalence of mass and energy. I disagree. Not only are mass and energy not equivalent (whatever exactly that means) but talk of such equivalence obscures the real dynamical insight of special relativity, which concerns the nature of 4-forces and interactions more generally. In this paper I present and defend a new ontology of special relativistic particle dynamics that makes this insight perspicuous and I explain how alleged cases of mass–energy conversion can be accommodated within that ontology.