[Health pattern of elderly according to age group who living alone in an urban area].
PURPOSE
This study was conducted to identify the differences of health patterns; health-related characteristics, health behaviors, health problems, and self-care levels of elderly, living alone in an urban area according to age group.


METHOD
The study design was a descriptive survey and the subjects were 1,800 elderly consisting of 937 young old, 704 middle old, and 159 old old. Data was collected from May to July 2003 using the structured questionnaire and analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi(2)-test, Fisher's exact probability test, ANOVA and Scheffe test using SPSS/PC.


RESULT
The health related characteristics which involved body mass index, mental status, use of assistant devices, perceived health, concern of health, and social support were different among the groups and more aggravated by aging. Health behaviors and health problems were also significantly aggravated in the old old group. The self-care levels measured by ADL, physical activity, and self-care ability scores were also significantly decreased in the old old group.


CONCLUSION
For the level of health status, health behaviors and self-care ability were significantly decreased by aging, health care services for the elderly should be planned considering the difference in the health pattern by age group.
The Effect of Progressive Resistance Training with Elastic Band on Grip Strength and Balance in Middle Elderly Women
Methods: We randomly recruited 13 middle elderly female subjects (from 75 years old to 84 years old). They practiced the elastic band exercise for 50 minutes once every week and were instructed to perform the same exercise as a home exercise for 16 weeks. Subjects who participated voluntarily had not participated in any other exercise program. Grip strength, one leg stance, and TIme Up & Go Test (TUG) were measured before and after elastic band exercise using the one group pre-posttest design. Wilcoxon’s signed ranks test and simple regression analysis were performed using SPSS 18.0.
Monte Carlo properties of spatial dependence LM tests
This paper compares the power and size of both spatial one-directional and robust to local misspecification LM test using Monte Carlo techniques under different set ups. Confirming the results found in Anselin et al . (1996), under local misspecification the robust LM test improves its size and power of tests. However, under no misspecification, the robust LM test is severely penalized and the usual one-directional LM test has a much better performance.