Differential effect of carbon sources on nitrogen transformation in Hawaiian soils
SummaryMineralization of native N was curtailed by addition of carbon sources in all soils tested. A readily available energy source, sucrose, accelerated and increased the immobilization of native as well as added N more than a slowly available energy source, sugar cane bagasse. Addition of N as ammonium sulfate increased CO2 production in only one out of five soils when no energy source was added. With energy source addition, N addition enhanced CO2 production in most soils. Without any treatment, the immobilization of added N was related to the C:N ratio of the soil; maximum immobilization occurred in the soil with the widest C:N ratio.
Mineral Content of Low Humic, Humic and Hydrol Humic Latosols of Hawaii
Data from X-ray diffraction, elemental, differential and integral thermal, and infrared absorption analyses were used to characterize quantitatively the minerals in the clay fractions of representative soils of the Low Humic, Humic and Hydrol Humic Latosols of Hawaii. Allophane was identified in substantial amounts (approximately 30%) in the < 0.2u fractions of two Hydrol Humic Latosols. Other minerals present in the clay fractions of the Hydrol Humic Latosols include gibbsite (25–35%), goethite (10–35%), magnetite (5–20%), mica (1–10%) and quartz (0–3%). The Humic Latosol contained kaolin (15–20%), gibbsite (15–20%), hematite (20–25%), goethite (10–20%), montmorin (5–10%), interstratified 2:1 layer silicate (5–10%), mica (1–5%) and quartz (1–5%). The Low Humic Latosols were predominantly kaolinic (45–55%) with hematite (15–25%), allophane (5–10%) and montmorin (5–15%) in substantial amounts. The fractions < 2u constitute the major portion of the Latosols. All percentages given are of the < 2u fractions except that two whole soils are included with the Low Humic Latosol group.
Mite population density analysis of stored dried apricots in Turkey
The aim of this study was to determine the population density of mite species attacking stored dried apricots in Malatya, Elazig and Izmir regions of Turkey. Storage construction types and duration of storage were also considered. The samples were collected during 2000–2003 in the most important apricot producing areas (Malatya and Elazig) and the exporting center (Izmir). Frequency of occurrence and rates of intensity of infestations were determined (16.50% from Malatya, 3.19% from Elazig and 80.49% from Izmir). A total of 16 mite species belonging to 13 genera and 11 families were identified during the surveys. The pest species Carpoglyphus lactis (L.) (Astigmata: Carpoglyphidae) was the most abundant species recorded (69.14% of samples). The highest infestation value recorded was 15,534 mites per kg.