Using Iraqi materials to produce lining refractories with international standards
In this study dense high alumina refractories were manufactured according to DIN51053 standards and characterizations (physical, mechanical, and thermal) of fired specimens were investigated. The mixtures of specimens were prepared from different weight percentages of (kaolinite, bauxite with additives of alumina to all mixture ratio). The aims of this study was to benefit of local raw materials to produced high alumina refractory characterized by low porosity, in addition to manufacture thermal insulation to use as lining in different industrial furnaces, and enhance the thermal insulation, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of high alumina refractory by adding alumina. From the results it have been obtained high alumina refractory with high compressive strength, high thermal stability, and thermal insulation also have characterized by low porosities and high bulk density.
Characterizations of Semi-Silica Refractory Bricks Produced from Local Iraqi Materials
This research was carried out to investigate the suitability of locally white sand and Dwaikhla clay (Kaolin) for manufacture of semi-silica refractory bricks as thermal insulators for lining the furnaces. Preliminary investigations had been done to determine the physical, chemical, thermal and mechanical properties with mineralogical constitution of raw materials by XRD analysis. Different amounts of kaolinite were added as binder to the white sand (raw materials) of semi-silica bricks. The specimens molded according to DIN standards by using semi-dry pressing method at pressure of (24.516MPa) according to the DIN1068 standards. After drying process at 110°C the specimens fired at firing temperatures (1000, 1100, 1200, 1300 and 1400) °C. The fired specimens have been investigated to determination the physical properties including bulk density, porosity, and the mechanical properties including compressive strength and thermal properties including thermal conductivity. It has been observed from the results that local white sand and kaolinite could be used as possible source raw materials for manufacture semi-silica refractories, mainly required for glass, ceramics factory in Rammadi.
Evolution of carbide precipitates in Hastelloy N joints during welding and post weld heat treatment
Abstract The effects of welding and post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the morphology, composition and lattice parameter of the precipitates in the welding joints of Hastelloy N alloy have been investigated. Joint samples were prepared using a gas tungsten arc welding process with ERNiMo-2 fillers, and then solid-solution treated at 1100 °C for 20 min. After welding, eutectic M6C carbides can be observed in the heat affected zones (HAZ) and weld zones (WZ). These eutectic M6C carbides become spheroidized during the following PWHT. The concentration of Si decreases during the transformation from the primary ones to eutectic ones, and then increases during the spheroidizing process. The total concentration of Si + Cr in M6C carbides remains stable during welding and PWHT. At the same time, the heat leads to the outward diffusion of Mo from the M6C carbides, which results in a decrease of the lattice parameter.