Near-Field Induced Polarization Imaging for Optical Data Storage Metrology
It is shown that when the induced polarization is used to acquire near-field induced polarization images, both a high-resolution near-field image and height information of the object are obtained
Induced Polarization Imaging and Other Topics Associated with the Solid Immersion Lens
An induced evanescent polarization imaging system and associated topics using a solid immersion lens (SIL) are demonstrated in this dissertation. The physics and properties of induced polarization signal of the SIL are studied by both simulations and experiments. In the SIL optical system, with a linearly-polarized incident illumination light at the entrance pupil, an orthogonal component of polarization is induced upon reflection from the SIL. This orthogonal polarization signal contains information of both air gap height h between the bottom of the SIL and the top surface of the sample. It is used as the air gap control signal in the SIL system. An experimental SIL near-field microscope setup is developed and demonstrated. A compact mechanical package is developed for a standard microscope that implements a SIL on a retractable bimorph swing arm. With the compact package mounted on an inverted microscope, far-field and near-field images are obtained at the same location by moving the SIL with the swing arm. A 25 μm diameter and 0.8 μm high circular pedestal in the center of the flat portion of the SIL is fabricated, along with a conically shaped surrounding region. The image contrast enhancement, high lateral resolution and height information are obtained with induced polarization evanescent imaging using SIL. Experiments are conducted by imaging features on a patterned Si substrate. Imaging theory is used to predict optimum orientation of high-spatial-frequency samples, and a topographical image is derived from the induced polarization image through a calibration procedure. A
Pioneer 10 Observations of the Ultraviolet Glow in the Vicinity of Jupiter
A two-channel ultraviolet photometer aboard Pioneer 10 has made several observations of the ultraviolet glow in the wavelength range from 170 to 1400 angstroms in the vicinity of Jupiter. Preliminary results indicate a Jovian hydrogen (1216 angstrom) glow with a brightness of about 1000 rayleighs and a helium (584 angstrom) glow with a brightness of about 10 to 20 rayleighs. In addition, Jupiter appears to have an extensive hydrogen torus surrounding it in the orbital plane of Io. The mean diameter of the torus is about equal to the diameter of the orbit of Io. Several observations of the Galilean satellites have also occurred but only a rather striking Io observation has been analyzed to date. If the observed Io glow is predominantly that of Lyman-α, the surface brightness is about 10,000 rayleighs.