Energy estimation and photometric measurements of LED lighting in laboratory
Electricity demand is prevailing all over the world now and energy management becomes very complex. This paper aims at providing solution for power demand and energy management by using HB white LED lights for domestic applications. LED lights consume very less power and gives out high energy in the form of brightness. A laboratory model is created in DIALUX 4.11 using CAD window and is illuminated with LED lights. Photometric measurements and energy evaluation are done for the laboratory model with room components of different construction materials in the presence of LED lighting. Reflectivity of different materials under illumination is determined. Simulation is done for varying brightness and calculated results are carried over to Pov-Ray 3.6 for determining the real lighting appearance of the laboratory model. Energy evaluation is done for a year and photometric values of lighting system are measured. The calculated results proves that LED lighting system can be used as an efficient lighting system for domestic purposes when compared to other lighting systems. Simulated results and photometric values of LED lighting are presented here.
Energy Efficient Lighting System Design for Hospitals Diagnostic and Treatment Room—A Case Study
Lighting plays an important role in the Hospital Diagnostic and Treatment Room. It shall be environmentally and functionally suitable for three groups of people: patients, hospital professionals and visitors. On the other hand lighting is considered a major consumer of electrical energy and therefore, hospital lighting design should consider the visual performance, visual comfort and energy efficiency. This article discusses the performance of different types of lighting installations used for hospital lighting system design applications: first the visual comfort and second to save energy consumptions in such applications. DIALux 4.8 simulation software is used to study and evaluate the efficient lighting scheme for the hospitals through the use of different types of lamps. Also, visual environment lighting system design procedure is explained. Economics of different lighting scenarios are highlighted.
Light Sources and Ballast Circuits
According to the machinery statistics by Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI), the total of domestic light bulb production in 2006 was 1,101 million (88.5% year-on-year). Production for general purpose illumination light bulbs and halogen light bulbs accounted for 122 million (99.2% y/y) and 45 million (96.3% y/y), respectively. The total of fluorescent lamp production was 988 million (114.9%) and the production of general purpose fluorescent lamps excluding backlights accounted for 367 million (101.7% y/y). Further, HID lamp production was 10 million (106.3% y/y). What is noteworthy regarding such lamp production is that, similar to the previous year, the sales volume (amount) of lamps for general illumination exceeded 100% against the previous year, indicating a steady shift to high value added products. Major lighting exhibitions in 2006 included the Light + Building Trade Fair held in Frankfurt in April and the Light Fair International 2006 held in Las Vegas, U.S.A. in May, both of which demonstrated signs of acceleration toward energy saving, high efficiency and resource saving. As for incandescent lamps, products filled with larger atomic weight gases aiming at higher efficiency/longer life are becoming the mainstream. As for new technologies, it was experimentally demonstrated that infrared radiation can be suppressed by processing micro cavities to metal plates made of tungsten, tantalum, etc. For fluorescent lamps, straight and circular fluorescent lamps achieving a longer life/higher luminous flux maintenance factor continued to be widely developed/launched again this year. For compact fluorescent lamps, energy saving/high efficiency products, multifunctional type products combined with LED and new shaped products were launched. As to HID lamps, ceramic metal halide lamps with high efficiency, improved color rendering, longer life and higher luminous flux maintenance factor were commercialized one after another. Numerous studies and analyses, on discharge models were reported. Further, studies on ultra high-pressure mercury lamps as light sources for projectors are becoming the mainstream of HID lamp related researches. For high-pressure sodium lamps, many studies on plant growing and pest control utilizing low insect attracting aspects were also reported in 2006. Additionally, for discharge lamps, the minimum sustaining electric power for arc tubes employed in electrode-less compact fluorescent lamps was investigated. For Hg-free rare-gas fluorescent lamps, a luminance of 10,000cd/m2 was attained by a 1 meter-long external duplex spiral electrode prototype using Xe/Ne barrier discharge. As to startup circuits, the commercialization of energy saving and high value added products mainly associated with fluorescent lamps and HID lamps are becoming common. Further, the miniaturization of startup circuits for self electronic-ballasted lamps has advanced. Speaking of the overall light sources and startup circuits in 2006 and with the enforcement of RoHS in Europe in July, the momentum toward hazardous substance-free and energy saving initiatives has been enhanced from the perspective of protecting the global environment. It is anticipated that similar restrictions will be globally enforced in the future.