The crystal structure of coclaurine hydrobromide monohydrate and the absolute configuration of coclaurine.
Abstract The structure and absolute configuration of coclaurine has been determined by X-ray analysis of its hydrobromide monohydrate. The (+)-enantiomer has the D-configuration. The chirality of the molecular structure is correlated with circular dichroism measurements.
Sterical correlation of (+)-armepavine and (+)-laudanidine
Abstract (+)-O-Methylarmepavine and (+)-laudanidine have been sterically correlated through their preparation from a common optically active intermediate. It follows that the asymmetric carbon atom in natural (−)-armepavine has the R configuration.
Human Rights Obligations and Transnational Corporations: The Limits of Direct Corporate Responsibility
To date, multinational corporations have had no direct human rights obligations under international law. Nonetheless, international lawyers can no longer ignore the increasing role of non-state actors in international society. This article suggests analysing existing mechanisms and new proposals for enhancing the accountability of transnational corporations, grouped into those focusing on the responsibility of the home and host states and those centred on the imposition of direct obligations on corporations. This article will specifically draw attention to the limits of some of the suggested normative changes, from a legal-theoretical perspective and in terms of their capacity to address effectively the challenges of the lack of respect for human rights laws.