Risk Analysis of Central Java Gas Transmission Pipeline by Risk-Based Inspection Method
During the operational period of gas transmission pipeline was found a potential hazard that could result in pipeline failure. As a consequence, the problem of the pipeline failure happening more and more. Economic and environmental factors, as well as human life, be considered to involve the current challenges as structural integrity and safety standards. Therefore, the reliability of structural integrity and security of gas pipelines under various conditions, including the existence of defects should be carefully evaluated. The results of this study were the steps for setting a Risk Level on any instrument using the Risk-Based Inspection API 581 standard and the subsequent results are recommended as an effective inspection planning by Risk Level and Remaining Life Time.
Quantitative Risk-Based Inspection on Gas Riser Pipelines at Offshore Facilities
Numerous pipeline failures have occurred due to the drastic increase in oil and gas product distribution pipelines over the last three decades. Corrosion is a significant factor in the failure of offshore gas pipelines. It is necessary to maintain the integrity of the offshore transmission system, one of which is the riser, for the product to be adequately distributed. The purpose of this study is to ensure the riser's reliability by conducting a risk assessment of the probability and consequences of equipment failure, mitigating the impact of failure risk, and developing a more optimal inspection plan. The API 5L Grade X60 gas riser pipe is the subject of this study. The quantitative Risk-Based Inspection (RBI) technique was used in 2016 following the API 581 standard. This quantitative approach is founded on a numerical value model constructed using validated operational data and inspection results. The risk assessment indicates that the gas riser pipelines will have a high-risk level (5D) for the splash zone segment and a medium-risk level (2D) for the above-and below-water segments. The recommended inspection plan for the gas riser pipeline is one year after the risk-based inspection assessment.
Some Common Mechanisms Leading to Failures in Heat Recovery Steam Generators
Failures due to flow accelerated corrosion have occurred in the economizers and the low pressure generating sections of a number of HRSG's. Deposit accumulation in the high pressure generating section has presented difficulties in many of the same units. Three case histories are presented illustrating the conditions, which have lead to component failures in some Heat Recovery Steam Generator systems.