Pakistan's Naval strategy: Past and future
Abstract Over the past fifty years, the Pakistan Navy has developed an effective naval strategy and capability to counter the threat posed by the superior Indian Navy. It has adopted an offensive sea denial strategy that dictates primacy of submarines and maritime aircraft equipped with missiles as the main instruments of waging war at sea. The Pakistan Navy has taken lead in introducing new weapons in the subcontinent aimed at disturbing the naval balance of power. It is now contemplating a nuclear role for itself that aims to challenge the Indian naval ambitions to build a sea‐based deterrent.
The Naval Balance in the Indian Subcontinent: Demanding Missions for the Indian Navy
The subcontinental naval balance has largely escaped attention, in part because the strategic mindset in the subcontinent has heretofore perceived the balance of power between India and Pakistan mainly as strenuous interactions between land and air forces. As a result, the mechanics of decisive victory have always implied a search for that attrition-oriented land battle, involving infantry, armor, and air forces, which could prove decisive. The clearest evidence of this pervasive landoriented mindset is the defensive strategies developed since 1947 by both India and Pakistan, which envision a toe-to-toe slugging match between large numbers of troops on the ground matched on a division-by-division basis. Hence, it is not surprising that the navies on both sides were largely ignored in the strategic consciousness until 1971. Not being put to their mettle, they were unable to cultivate the domestic constituencies whose concerns are always the ultimate determining factor legitimizing resource allocations. 1
First Insights into the Draft Genome Sequence of the Endophyte Paenibacillus amylolyticus Strain GM1FR, Isolated from Festuca rubra L.
ABSTRACT Paenibacillus amylolyticus strain GM1FR is an endophyte isolated from aerial plant tissues of Festuca rubra L. Here, we report the draft genome sequence (7.3 Mb) of GM1FR containing 6,241 protein-coding genes, some of which are potentially involved in plant growth promotion and biocontrol.