Unsteady heat transfer of a monatomic gas between two coaxial circular cylinders
We consider a kinetic-theory treatment of the cylindrical unsteady heat transfer. A model kinetic equation of the BGK (Bhatnager-Gross-Krook) type is solved using the method of moments with a two-sided distribution function. We study the relations between the different macroscopic properties of the gas as the temperature, density, and heat flux with both the radial distance r and the time t. Also we study the problem from the viewpoint of irreversible thermodynamics and estimate the entropy, entropy production, entropy flux, thermodynamic forces, kinetic coefficients, the change in internal energy, and verify Onsager′s relation for nonequilibrium thermodynamic properties of the system.
Solution of the Krook kinetic equation model and non-equilibrium thermodynamics of a rarefied gas affected by a non-linear thermal radiation field
Abstract A new approach for studying the influence of a thermal radiation field upon a rarefied neutral gas is introduced. We insert the radiation field effect in the force term of the Boltzmann equation. In a frame co-moving with the fluid, the BGK (Bhatnager–Gross–Krook) model kinetic equation is applied analytically. The one-dimensional steady problem is studied using the Liu–Lees model. We apply the moment method to follow the behavior of the macroscopic properties of the gas, such as the temperature and concentration. They are substituted into the corresponding two-stream Maxwellian distribution functions, permitting the investigation of the non-equilibrium thermodynamic properties of the system (gas + heated plate). The entropy, entropy flux, entropy production, thermodynamic forces and the kinetic coefficients are obtained. We verify the celebrated Onsager reciprocity relations for the system. The ratios between the different contributions of the internal energy changes based upon the total derivatives of the extensive parameters are estimated via the Gibbs formula. The results are applied to the Helium gas for various radiation field intensities due to different plate temperatures. Figures illustrating the calculated variables are drawn to predict their behavior and the results are discussed.
On the relationship between fluctuating irreversible thermodynamics and “extended” irreversible thermodynamics
The relationship between fluctuating irreversible thermodynamics and theories of irreversible processes which include the thermodynamic fluxes as independent variables is explored. It is shown that the usual fluctuating linear theory of irreversible thermodynamics is a contraction of the extended theory. This contraction contains non-Markovian effects dependent upon the relaxation times associated with the thermodynamic fluxes. In the limit that these relaxation times are small, the extended theory is shown to be equivalent to the usual fluctuating thermodynamic theory. A critique of the extended theories is given from the point of view of the mechanistic statistical theory of irreversible processes.