Chitosan-Tripoly Phosphate (CS-TPP) Synthesis Through Cross-linking Process: the Effect of Concentration Towards Membrane Mechanical Characteristic and Urea Permeation
Crosslinking reactions are required to modify the functional groups on chitosan and to increase the number of active groups of chitosan. In this study crosslinking reaction of tripolyphospate (TPP) groups on chitosan was conducted in order to produce membrane which functions as candidate of hemodialysis membrane. The mole ratio between chitosan and NaTPP was varied to obtain the best composition of modified materials. Study of TPP concentration effect towards membrane characteristics was conducte durea permeation ability. The resulting membrane was then characterized including tests of thickness, water uptake, tensile strength and membrane hydrophilicity. The results showed that the best composition of membrane occurred in the addition of 0.691 g of NaTPP proved byin creasing water uptake (150%), its highest mechanical strength and releasing the percentage of urea permeation by 44%.
Chitosan-based systems for biopharmaceuticals : delivery, targeting, and polymer therapeutics
Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide commercially produced by the deacetylation of chitin. It is non-toxic, biodegradable, biocompatible, and acts as a bioadhesive with otherwise unstable biomolecules making it a valuable component in the formulation of biopharmaceutical drugs. Chitosan-Based Systems for Biopharmaceuticals provides an extensive overview of the application of chitosan and its derivatives in the development and optimisation of biopharmaceuticals. The book is divided in four different parts. Part I discusses general aspects of chitosan and its derivatives, with particular emphasis on issues related to the development of biopharmaceutical chitosanbased systems. Part II deals with the use of chitosan and derivatives in the formulation and delivery of biopharmaceuticals, and focuses on the synergistic effects between chitosan and this particular subset of pharmaceuticals. Part III discusses specific applications of chitosan and its derivatives for biopharmaceutical use. Finally, Part IV presents diverse viewpoints on different issues such as regulatory, manufacturing and toxicological requirements of chitosan and its derivatives related to the development of biopharmaceutical products, as well as their patent status, and clinical application and potential.
Detection of Fractures Based on Directional Filtering in Image Logging
According to the feature of the direction of fractures in image logging, a method of fracture detection in image logging based on directional filtering is presented in this paper. The fracture image is filtered by the corresponding filter based on the local direction of fractures, which enhances the fracture traces in the direction of fractures in image logging. The final fracture traces are extracted by the combination of the results of both directional filtering and the threshold segmentation. Experimental results show this method effectively detect the fractures in image logging.