A literature review on welding certificate for robotized welding
The higher production of more and more complex products challenges the accurately for manual welding, and increase the time it takes to programme automatic welding systems. The main objective for the article is to see if current regulations and standards are able to accommodate the shift from automatic weld to autonomous welding systems. To do this, the most current and applicable standards have been analysed. Where there is a need for human input I have tried to find research in new systems that is able to assist computer systems in obtaining that information. The findings are that most of the current standards have room to accommodate autonomous systems, given that the correct safety precautions are taken.
Vision Based Metal Spectral Analysis Using Multi-label Classification
Industrial equipments that employ element identification tend to be expensive as they utilize built-in spectroscopes and computers for post processing. In this paper we present an in situ fully automatic method for detecting constituent elements in a sample specimen using computer vision and machine learning techniques on Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) spectra. This enables the development of a compact and portable spectrometer on a high resolution video camera.In the traditional classification problem, classes are mutually exclusive by definition. However, in spectral analysis a spectrum could contain emissions from multiple elements such that the disjointness of the labels is no longer valid. We cast the metal detection problem as a multi-label classification and enable detection of elemental composition of the specimen. Here, we apply both Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to multiple metal classification and compare the performance with a simple template matching technique. Both machine learning approaches yield correct identification of metals to an accuracy of 99%. Our method is useful in instances where accurate elemental analysis is not required but rather a qualitative analysis. Experiments on the simulation data show that our method is suitable for LIBS metal detection.
Acetylation analysis of saccharides. 2. Microanalysis of neutral glycosphingolipids by means of acetylation with radioactive acetic anhydride.
Abstract The quantitative analysis of mixtures of glycosphingolipids by acetylation with radioactive acetic anhydride and separation by thin-layer chromatography is described. The method was primarily developed for screening of glycosphingolipid composition of tissues, cultured cells, and virus preparations. The sensitivity and linearity of the method is demonstrated. Although theoretically a much higher sensitivity is achievable, in practive about 10 −9 g of glycosphingolipid can be detected and tentatively identified. As an example, the acetylation pattern of lipids from a preparation of herpes simplex virus is demonstrated.