To Fight Soviet Agents in the Fatherland: Anti-Communism in Ayacucho's APRA, 1945-48
This article considers the anti-Communist words and actions of Ayacucho Peru’s APRA party during the 1945-1948 presidency of Jose Luis Bustamante y Rivero. Anti-Communism – understood here as opposition to the Peruvian Communist Party, its ideology, and its members – gave Apristas purpose, relevance and definition during the earliest moments of the global Cold War. By tracing the local motivations, practices and consequences of Aprista anti-Communism, a picture of sharp political animosity characterized by pointed rhetoric and steady, if low-level, political violence emerges.
Transnational Activist: Magda Mortal and the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), 1926–1950
In March of 1929, die young Peruvian poet and political activist Magda Portal departed from die Yucatan in Mexico to give a series of lectures in Cuba, Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, and Colombia. She traveled as an emissary of the Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana (American Popular Revolutionary Alliance, APRA), a recendy founded political organization that sought to transform Latin America by creating a united front against foreign imperialism. On July 14, in Santo Domingo she gave a lecture titled “Latin America Confronted by Imperialism,” at “the largest theater in town” to an audience of about 200. Her presence as an intelligent, energetic, and beautiful woman, standing on stages normally reserved to men, enhanced the power of her words, and she was well aware of the striking effect on audiences of seeing a woman in the traditionally male role of political orator
Complex Systems Architecture Framework: Extension to Multi-objective Optimization
This paper shows the utility to follow an architecture framework in order to design complex systems with a holistic approach. Multi-objective Optimization techniques extend and complete the architecture framework to support trade-off analysis and decision making in the Systems Engineering design process. The merging and combination of these two approaches, decision making and systems engineering, contribute to the efficient design of systems by helping to meet needs and constraints stemming mainly from the system analysis.