Educação e direitos humanos: uma análise dos relatórios da plataforma DhESCA sobre a educação no Brasil de 2003 a 2009
BITTAR, Carla Bianca. Education and human rights: an analysis of the Platform DhESCA reports on education in Brazil from 2003 to 2009. 2012. 157 f. Dissertacao (Mestrado) – Faculdade de Direito, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, 2012. This research has the objective of detecting which way education is being conducted in the country, analyzing the main problems encountered in implementing this law. Therefore, it seeks to reflect on the effectiveness of education as a human right, taking as its starting point the human rights context in which is inserted, keeping therefore the same characteristics: the indivisibility, universality and interdependence in guarantee of human dignity. To promote this reflection, the methodology was a literature review and analysis of reports on education produced by Brazilian Platform of Human Rights Economic, Social, Cultural and Environmental Rights (DhESCA) in the period 2003 to 2009. The first part presents an overview about the barriers that prevent the realization of the right to education until the present day, both from the standpoint of historical and legal point of view. The second part contextualizes the relationship between education and human rights, emphasizing that by recognizing the right to education is also rescue other values such as equality, citizenship and access to other rights. The third part presents an overview of national and international legislative framework in which education is entered, analyzing its design and treatment from them. Another highlight is the importance of the role played by non-governmental organizations for the full realization of the right to education. The final part is the actual examination of education in these national reports, demonstrating the failures of governments failing to promote equality of the right material together with other human rights. For the last, the final considerations relate the findings made during the research, resuming the discussions presented at the inaugural.
A AFIRMAÇÃO HISTÓRICA DOS DIREITOS HUMANOS
A evolucao dos Direitos Humanos no suporte a toda historia esta intimamente relacionado com todos os seres humanos. De modo que todos, perante as desigualdades existentes entre os povos, ha o reconhecimento universal, de que nenhum individuo, seja pela classe social, grupo religioso, etnia, pode firmar-se superior aos demais. A dignidade humana ao longo de toda historia foi indagada atraves da religiao, da filosofia e da ciencia, porem foi no periodo axial (entre os seculos VIII e II a.C.) que o ser humano passou a ser considerado com igualdade, pois e dotado de liberdade e razao, sem, portanto, estarem em evidencia as suas multiplas diferencas. Contudo, a Declaracao Universal dos Direitos Humanos, demorou mais de 25 seculos ate se tomasse a consciencia de que todos os individuos nascem livres e iguais em dignidade e direitos. Portanto, ha de concluir que a historia da evolucao dos Direitos Humanos foi um vasto caminho liderado pela mitologia, religiao e ciencia. Ao qual surgiram documentos com textos normativos que declaram os direitos humanos e criam garantias especificas para tutelar tal direito. E assim, criaram a partir de grandes acontecimentos historicos o conjunto de protecao aos direitos humanos, mormente, ao individuo, e que pode ser chamado de em um novo tempo historico, qual seja a era da cidadania mundial. Palavras-chave: direitos. Desigualdades. Individuo. Dignidade. humanos.
Characterization of Aqueous Dispersions and Gels Made of Sodium Caseinate and Basil Seed Gum: Phase Behavior, Rheology, and Microstructure
The interactions between sodium caseinate (NaCas) and basil seed gum (BSG) in the presence of calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ) were investigated. The phase behavior of the mixed aqueous dispersions and their gels revealed a homogeneous mixture, obtained at the higher concentrations of both CaCl 2 and BSG. The Herschel-Bulkley model sufficiently fitted the flow behavior of the mixture solution data. Apparent viscosity increased significantly ( p  < 0.05) by increasing the concentration of BSG, where the addition of CaCl 2 had no significant effect on the viscosity of the samples ( p  > 0.05). Furthermore, there was an increase in thixotropy due to the higher concentrations of BSG and CaCl 2 . Based on the frequency sweep test, at the low frequencies, a more gel-like behavior was observed in the case of the higher concentrations of either BSG or CaCl 2 . The rheological and SEM data suggested that the stronger structure of NaCas-BSG gel in the presence of the higher concentrations of CaCl 2 was related to the induction of complex formation between the two biopolymers.