Structure optimization of high speed intracavity-contacted oxide-confined VCSELs
This work presents the simulation of the intracavity contacted oxide confined vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) including the thermal effects. The analysis of thermal, electrical and optical phenomena represents the influence of geometrical parameters on power and modulation properties on such devices.
Current crowding in graded contact layers of intracavity-contacted oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers
In this work we present the simulation of the intracavity-contacted oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers including the thermal effects. We analyze the thermal, electrical, and optical properties of such devices with the different thicknesses of graded layers between the contact and oxide confined layers. Results of simulations for the devices with graded layer thickness of 40–60 A show a reduced current crowding effect.
Modeling temperature effects and spatial hole burning to optimize vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser performance
Two-dimensional physical models for single-mode index guided vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) are developed and compared with experimental measurements on state-of-the-art devices. Starting with the steady-state electron and photon rate equations, the model calculates the above threshold light-current (LI) characteristics. Included are temperature effects, spatial hole burning effects, carrier diffusion, surface recombination, and an estimation of optical losses. The model shows that the saturation of output power in the experimental devices is due to carrier leakage over the heterojunction and not simply the shifting of the gain peak relative to the cavity mode. Using the verified model new designs are analyzed, showing that output powers greater than 15 mW and power efficiencies above 20% should be achievable with existing processing technology. >