An architecture program for the robotic exploration of Venus
To date, most space exploration has focused on the solar system beyond Earth's orbit while the inner solar system between Earth and the Sun has received only limited attention. In this region, Venus, with a similar size and mass to Earth but with a very different environment, is probably the most interesting body. The most notable feature of Venus is the extreme runaway greenhouse effect. This phenomenon is considered a potential fate for the Earth in the future. Exploring Venus could help mitigate this threat. However, the environment of Venus is sufficiently challenging as to preclude the possibility of physical human presence for the foreseeable future. Consequently, robot-mediated exploration is required
The VEVA Mission; exploration of Venus volcanoes and atmosphere
Greeley, E. R. Stofan, M. H. Acuna, A. Chutjian, D. Crisp, J. Cutts, B. Fegley, J. Guest, J. W. Head, K. Klaasen, J. P. Mustard, D. Senske, Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, campbell@ceps.nasm.edu, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, University College London, London NW8 9RE, UK, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, Jet Propulsion Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912.
Mathematical Modeling of Scour and Deposition
Electronic computers are opening up the field of sedimentation engineering by permitting the analysis of problems which heretofore have required too much time and effort. Movable stream bed profiles are being calculated in addition to water surface profiles. The initial gradation of sediment material in the stream bed may be prescribed to facilitate the calculation of an armor layer. This gradation is continually changed by the computer program in response to sediment particles being deposited on the stream bed and material on the stream bed being removed to satisfy transport capacity. Hydraulic sorting of sediment by grain size is accomodated. The stream bed does not have to be represented by a single grain size. Retardance of motion because of armor layer is calculated.