Securing solidarity between generations: inter-generational cohesion in the face of demographic change, with particular focus on individual and familial factors and their relation to societal development ; preparatory expertise for the International Plan of Action on Ageing 2002
Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Tesch-Römer, C., Motel-Klingebiel, A., & Kondratowitz, H.-J. v. (2000). Securing solidarity between generations: intergenerational cohesion in the face of demographic change, with particular focus on individual and familial factors and their relation to societal development ; preparatory expertise for the International Plan of Action on Ageing 2002. (DZA Diskussionspapiere, 34). Berlin: Deutsches Zentrum für Altersfragen. https://nbn-resolving.org/urn:nbn:de:0168ssoar-370082
Long-term care--an inter- and intragenerational decision model.
Two observations make it worthwhile to understand how family decisions are made concerning care for an elderly parent. First, we see, over the last generation, a trend from having children care for an elderly parent to having the elderly parent live alone or live in an institution such as a nursing home. Second, more and more governments are concerned by the rising costs of public assistance programs especially designed to pay for the elderly and disabled elderly. This is partly due to the rising costs in institutionalized care; therefore, more and more elderly — including the wealthy — cannot afford to pay or have spent down their wealth, and become dependent on welfare. In Germany, two thirds of all disabled persons (receiving long-term care) living in nursing homes receive services (or payments) after an income test.1
CFD simulation of hydrodynamics and heat transfer in gas phase ethylene polymerization reactors
Abstract The hydrodynamics and temperature of a two-dimensional gas–solid fluidized bed of gas phase olefin polymerization reactor had been studied. A two-fluid Eularian Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model with closure relationships according to the kinetic theory of granular flow has been applied in order to simulate the gas–solid flow. Fluidization regime and gas–solid flow pattern were investigated using three different drag models. Model predictions of bed pressure drop were compared with corresponding experimental data reported in the literature to validate the model. The predicted values were in reasonable agreement with the experimental data. The temperature behavior of fluidized bed with various drag models was investigated. The temperature gradient in the primary section of the bed was much larger than the gradient in other sections and the effect of all drag models on temperature gradient along the bed was approximately similar.