Research of the Indoor Air Quality of New Decoration Residence in Tianjin
With the level of life raised in China, the indoor air quality has aroused people's concern. In order to learn the actuality of air pollution in new decoration residence and improve indoor air quality and provide the foundation that constructs countermeasure of controlling indoor air pollution, the field measurements about indoor air pollution of new decoration residence are made in Tianjin. Basing on type of residences, hours of decoration, distinct development business and decoration corporations selected, the status of indoor air contaminants are analyzed, and the major factors effecting on indoor tiny contaminants concentration are researched. Indoor air contaminants mainly come from the residential decoration and building material and various furnishings and the major contaminants is formaldehyde. Temperature and humidity have great effect on tiny contaminants concentration and the sorts of contaminant¿and influencing degree on human of different tiny contaminants are different. The emitting velocity of contaminants in the same material is alterative under the condition of temperature and humidity being changed. The time of residential decoration is also one important element of contaminants concentration. There are many factors influencing the indoor air quality of new decoration residence. To improve the indoor air quality, we can open the windows to make the fresh outdoor air into room. But if the outdoor air is not clean enough, we should place air purification equipment in room.
Design and prototype implementation of indoor air quality monitoring using LonWorks technology
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) shows indoor air is 2-3 times more polluted than the worst outside air. These pollutants also lead to simple asphyxiation as general health hazard which ensures the importance of indoor air quality (IAQ) monitoring. Therefore maintaining a good indoor air quality improves the health zone of the peoples both in urban and rural areas. Peoples in rural areas are more affected because burning woods and papers are common practices occurring since there is no much awareness about indoor pollution. Studying about indoor air pollutants is important in order to know about the health hazards caused, exposure limits and sources of the pollutants in the living place which makes a right path way to know about the presence and absence of particular pollutant. The proposed system comprises of low cost sintered metal oxide gas sensor which are general air contaminant sensors. These sensors can sense gas concentrations in ppm level which makes it suitable for the indoor air quality monitoring. Testing of the sensors is been carried out in microcontroller to study their real time characteristics. Later sensors are connected to the LonWorks module. LonWorks technology is a cost effective protocol for building automation system. This communication protocol ensures reliable and energy efficient solution to building automation system.
Alterations in spontaneous single unit activity of striatal subdivisions during ontogenesis in mutant dystonic hamsters
The pathophysiology of idiopathic dystonia, characterized by sustained twisting movements and postures, is still unknown. Clinically, however, the basal ganglia are thought to be the main causative origin of idiopathic dystonia. In the dtsz hamster, a genetic animal model for idiopathic paroxysmal dystonia, the attacks occur in response to mild stress and the severity of dystonia is age-dependent. Previous autoradiographic studies in the dtsz hamster revealed a decreased dopamine D1 and D2 receptor binding and an increased [3H]-2-deoxyglucose uptake in the dorsomedial caudate-putamen (CPu), a region supposed to be critically involved in dystonia. Therefore, we were interested whether the spontaneous firing rate of dorsomedial striatal neurons is age-dependently altered in comparison to age-matched non-dystonic control hamsters. Extracellular recordings of spontaneous single unit activity of dorsomedial and ventromedial Type II striatal neurons, i.e., biphasic positive-negative action potentials, from fentanyl anesthetized animals revealed a drastically increased firing rate in the dorsomedial CPu of mutants during age of maximum severity of dystonia. In post-dystonic dtsz hamsters, i.e., after remission of stress-inducible dystonia, no significant differences regarding the dorsomedial CPu could be obtained. We conclude that the dorsomedial subregion of the CPu seems to be critically involved in the dystonic syndrome of dtsz hamsters and that a transiently reduced inhibitory control over excitatory cortico-striatal processes, possibly due to an altered development of GABAergic inhibition, occurs during ontogenesis in dtsz hamsters.