Miré los muros de la patria mía y la tradición poética de las ruinas
The sonnet Mire los muros de la patria mia by Quevedo has traditionally been read from two main perspectives. The first dwells upon the spiritual concept of death and the author's reflections upon this subject. The second reading puts political aspects rather than spiritual reflections at the forefront and presents the poem as a reflection of the decadence of Spain under the reign of the Austrias. This article is not a new reading but rather an analysis of the symbol of ruins in the poem, which reconciles the two principal interpretations of the poem.
"Heráclito Cristiano" y "Lágrimas de un Penitente": el problema textual
Aproximación a los problemas textuales de las colecciones «Heráclito Cristiano» y «Lágrimas de un Penitente» y a su historia editorial. Se pos tula la validez de «Lágrimas de un Penitente» como obra de Quevedo, no de los editores y la necesidad de que ambos conjuntos sean considerados como colecciones poéticas distintas, no intercambiables entre sí, según las fuentes originales: los manuscritos en el caso del «Heráclito Cristiano» y la edición de 1670 en «Lágrimas de un Penitente». Analysis of the textual problems in the «Heráclito Cristiano» and «Lágrimas de un Penitente» collections, establishing that «Lágrimas de un Penitente» is indeed the work of Quevedo, not of his editors. According to the data, «Heráclito» and «Lágrimas» are related but distinct collections, and «Heráclito» manuscripts and the 1670 edition of «Lágrimas» must be respected.
Hedy: A Gradual Language for Programming Education
One of the aspects of programming that learners often struggle with is the syntax of programming languages: remembering the right commands to use and combining those into a working program. Prior research demonstrated that students submit source code with syntax errors in 73% of cases and even the best students do so in 50% of cases. An analysis of 37 million compilations by 250.000 students found that the most common error was a syntax error, which occurred in almost 800.000 compilations. It was also found that Java and Perl are not easier to understand than a programming language with randomly generated keywords, stressing the difficulties that novices face in understanding syntax. This paper presents Hedy: a new way of teaching the syntax of a programming language to novices, inspired by educational methods by which punctuation is taught to children. Hedy starts as a simple programming language without any syntactic elements such as brackets, colons or indentation. The rules slowly and gradually change until the novices are programming in Python. Hedy is evaluated on 9714 programs.