A cytotoxic diterpenoid and antifungal phenolic compounds from Frullania muscicola steph
A novel ent -labdane type diterpenoid, muscicolone ( 1 ), as well as two bibenzyls ( 2 , 3 ) and four flavonoids ( 4 - 7 ) were isolated from the liverwort Frullania muscicola Steph. Their structures were established by analysis of the spectral data of IR, UV, 1D-, 2D-NMR, and ORD. The stereostructure of 1 was confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. Bioassay experiments showed that compound 3 and 4 have potent inhibitory effects against some fungi while 1 showed cytotoxic effects to some human tumor cells.
Flavonoids from Some Frullania Species (Hepaticae)
Abstract From Frullania teneriffae 5 known flavone aglycones and 6 flavone glycosides were isolated, among them the new 6-OH-luteolin-6-O-β-ᴅ-glucoside-7-O-β-ᴅ-glucoside-6′′′-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroylester). F. cesatiana contains 2 flavone-di-C-glucosides and the new 6-OH-luteolin-7-O-β-ᴅ-glucoside-6′′-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroylester)-3′-O-glucuronide. The phenolic pattern of F. eboracensis was compared to that of F. muscicola. The known 6-OH-luteolin-7-O-β-ᴅ-glucoside-6′′-(3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaroylester) was identified from F. gibbosa and F. arecae.
Reconceptualizing Vagrancy and Reconstructing the Vagrant: A Socio-Legal Analysis of Criminal Law Reform in Canada, 1953-1972
This article explores significant reforms to the vagrancy section of the Criminal Code during the mid-to-late twentieth century. By locating the reforms within their unique social, political, and economic climates, I examine how they reconceptualized the offence of vagrancy and concomitantly reconstructed the vagrant as a social problem. The reforms played a seminal role in reducing the number of vagrancy offences, eventually leading to the demise of vagrancy in the criminal law. Yet, while the "vagrant" ceased to exist in the law, the law still continues to preserve vestiges of the vagrant in a highly gendered manner.