Geoelectric Evaluation of Aquifer Potential and Vulnerability of Northern Paiko, Niger State, Nigeria
This study was carried out using vertical electrical sounding (VES) to evaluate the groundwater potential and the aquifer protective capacity of Northern Paiko. Sixty vertical electrical soundings were obtained across the study area using Schlumberger electrode configuration. Three to four geoelectric layers were delineated from the interpreted results. The stratigraphy of the subsurface shows: topsoil (62.8–3082 Ωm), weathered layer (15.2–80 368 Ωm), fractured layer (191–236 672 Ωm), and the fresh basement (79.9–308 865 Ωm). The weathered layer was delineated as the major aquiferous horizon. From the results, the resistivity, thickness, and longitudinal conductance maps were drawn. It was observed that groundwater potential is low in about 76.7% of the study area. This study has also shown that the aquifer protective capacity of most parts of the study area is poor (83.3%), thus rendering the aquifer vulnerable to contamination.
Geoelectrical evaluation of groundwater potentials of Bwari basement area, Central Nigeria
An investigation has been made of the groundwater potentials of Bwari basement area using solely geoelectric surveys. Twenty vertical electrical soundings along different transverses were conducted with maximum electrode spacing of 300 m. The results revealed that the area is characterized with 3 to 6 geoelectric subsurface layers with variability in resistivities and thicknesses of the different layers. The overburden thickness ranged from 6.9 to 72.9 m, with thinnest and thickest overburden observed at the central and western areas respectively. Dar Zarouk parameters (transverse resistance and coefficient of anisotropy), reflection coefficient, resistivity contrast, weathered layer thickness and overburden thickness were used as indices for evaluation of groundwater potentials. The area’s groundwater productivity potential was hence, classified into two zones namely; high and low. This study has revealed that no single factor (index) determines the groundwater productivity potential but a combination of two or more factors. For example, not all the areas with thick overburden or high weathered layer thickness correspond to high groundwater potential. 
 
   
 
 Key words: Groundwater potential, electrical resistivity, transverse resistance, coefficient of anisotropy, Bwari.
The denial of death and the out-of-the-body experience
The out-of-the-body experience is a phenomenon which continues to be reported and continues to be interpreted in many ways. It seems, however, that more attention is given to finding a spiritual base for this occurrence than a psychological understanding of it. This paper considers the psychological forces of denial as a suitable explanation for the OBE and suggests that these experiences may be understood as hallucinations caused by traumatic events rather than genuine previews of the afterlife. That is: “Do these people transcend their bodies and also time and space to acquire these experiences, or could it be that nothing has been transcended at all save the need to deny death and thus transcend its feared consequence, which is ‘not being’?”