The Ohlone/Costanoan-Esselen Nation of Monterey, California: Dispossession, Federal Neglect, and the Bitter Irony of the Federal Acknowledgment Process
T s article presents a sketch of the Ohlone/Costanoan-Esselen Nation of Monterey County, California, focusing on the making of the tribe's federally unacknowledged status. Consisting of over four hundred fifty enrolled members, the Ohlone/Costanoan-Esselen Nation (hereafter OCEN, Esselen Nation, or Esselen) is currently petitioning to clarify its status as an American Indian tribe through the federal acknowledgment process (FAP) administered by the Branch of Acknowledgment and Research (BAR), Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). A history of junctures between federal action and acknowledgment of this community and instances of governmental neglect fostered the dispossession of tribal lands. I begin by briefly exploring the effects of Spanish colonization and missionization on the initial treatment of this tribal community by the federal government after American occupation. I argue that coastal, missionized Indians were overlooked during a period of treaty making in the 1850s as they were deemed already "domesticated," due in large part to their incorporation into the ~ 41 dominant economic order. I end by discussing the implication of this history for the Esselen Nation's struggle for federal acknowledgment and for the federal acknowledgment process. Simply put, the FAP criteria of sociocultural and political persistence and external recognition do not account for 230 years of state-sponsored violence, crass federal neglect, expropriation, and assimilationist policies.
Understanding Tolowa Histories: Western Hegemonies and Native American Responses
Developing a multi-leveled historical inquiry of the Native Tolowa of the US, James Collins explores the linguistic and political dynamics of place-claiming and expropriation as well as the relation between otherness and subjugation.
Finite Difference Modeling on the Temperature Field of Substrate in Friction Surfacing
Friction surfacing is an advanced process of great potential, especially in the field of repair and reclamation of worn and damaged components. As a kind of thermal processing technology, the temperature profile and changes of the substrate in friction surfacing are important factors to get coatings of high quality. In this paper, the temperature field of the substrate during the process is simulated by finite difference method. The results are consistent with experiments, reappearing the temperature change of the substrate during friction surfacing, allowing further study on figuration and quality of coatings.