Cmâ«â»m; I V Output Makrtft Modularity Means Maximum Effectiveness in Medium-cost Universal Counter
A single mainframe and a wide choice of optional timer, counter, and DVM modules provide better performance at lower cost, meet each user's needs precisely, and leave room for future growth. HOW DO YOU DESIGN AN INSTRUMENT for the broad middle range of electronic counter appli cations? How do you meet each user's needs pre cisely, yet offer room for future growth? How do you decrease cost yet increase performance? The answers to these and many similar questions, we believe, are found in the new Model 5328A Universal Counter, Fig. 1. This single instrument is the successor to six counters, Models 5326A/B/C1 and 5327A/B/C. It offers improved performance, lower cost, and sever al new features. Its modular design makes it possible for a user to choose only the features he needs, yet leaves the door open for expansion at a later date. The 5328A is basically a power supply and counter mainframe that supports user-selected op tions. In its standard configuration it offers a com plete portfolio of universal-counter functions: â€¢ Frequency â€ " 100-MHz direct count â€¢ Period â€ " 100-ns resolution > Period Average â€ " 10-MHz clock â€¢ Time Interval â€ " 100-ns single-shot resolution â€¢ Time Interval Average â€¢ Totalizeâ€ " 100 MHz â€¢ Ratioâ€ " 100 MHz/10 MHz â€¢ Check. The inputs have matched (Â±4 ns) 100-MHz ampli fiers with ac or dc coupling, Â±2. 5V trigger-level range, three-position attenuators (xi, xio, xlOO), 1-MQ input impedance, slope controls, trigger lights that act like logic probes, and high-speed output markers. Capabilities can be greatly expanded by selecting options. Two DVM options provide dc voltage mea surements. One is an economy version that offers millivolt sensitivity, 10-MQ single-ended inputs, 125V range, 0.5% accuracy, and the "read trigger level" function. The other is a high-performance unit that has 10-//.V sensitivity, automatic or manual range control to 1000V, 10-MÃ1 floating inputs, switchable filter, 0.03% accuracy, read trigger level function, variable integration time, and high-speed acquisition (up to 300 readings per second with two-digit resolu tion). For applications requiring greater frequency range, a 5-to-512-MHz direct-count option is avail-â€¢â€¢â€¢â€¢â€¢A^^M Cover: Model 5328A Universal Counter and its optional input modules are superimposed on a back ground photograph showing the counter's interior and the bus-oriented architecture that makes its high degree of modularity possible. Input modules available include two DVMs, two uni versal timer /counter modules, and a 512-MHz frequency counter module.
Uniting Signal Generation and Signal Synthesis
A simultaneous solution is devised to the problems of signal generation and signal synfhesis, while optimizing both for bench and automatic use. OVER THE PAST DECADE there have been two distinct types of signal sources in the market place, each fulfilling a specific range of applications. One of these is the familiar signal generator [e.g. HP 606, 608, 612, etc.), and the other the synthesizer (e.g. HP 5100, 5105, etc.J. In many cases both are necessary even in the same test setup. Hewlett-Packard's 8660.4'/8 Synthesized Signal Generator family is a new solution to this hybrid application. It combines the stability, programmability and frequency resolution of a synthesizer with the modulation and voltage calibration of a high-quality signal generator. This compact, all solid-state system has the versatility of plug-in modulation and RF sections and features directly computer-compatible programming of frequency, voltage level, and modulation. To accomplish the synthesized aspect of this generator's performance, the indirect synthesis approach has been used,'There are seven L-C tuned oscillators, each phase locked for stability and accuracy , A crystal oscillator at 10 MHz is the ultimate source, and all internal signals are referenced to it. Fig, 1 outlines the 8660 family. There are two main-frames, each fulfilling separate requirements. The 8660A with a minimum of front panel controls is suited for systems applications; the 86608 with many new front panel features is a powerful bench instrument. Besides these different mainframes and plug-ins, there are other options available (see specifications) to narrow the choice of instrument further toward a specific application, Higher frequency plug-ins will follow, One common concern with any piece of test equipment is obsolescence. Hewlett-Packard has tried to minimize this concern with the Synthesized Signal Generator family. Mechanlcal Deslgn Among the unique characteristics of the 8660A/8 mainframe is its mechanical design. To insure excellent signal purity and ease of servicing it was necessary to develop efficient shielding techniques that would nevertheless allow access to every electrical and mechanical part that could need replacing Cover: Seriousness of intent is visible as John Shanahan (center), proiect leader, and Hamilton Chisholm, digital controls designer, present a new signal generator that's also a versatile synthesizer. /fs lwo diftering mainframes and its two-drawer architecture torm a family of precision signal generators with basic and add-on capabilities to serve not only past and present needs, but also those of the tuture. Fig, 1, The 8660 system poses lor a …
Conserved Quantities of a Class of Nonlinear Difference-Difference Equations
Higher-order conserved quantities of a class of nonlinear difference-difference equations which are related to the discrete-time Toda equation are obtained using the Miura transformations.