Challenges of Triangular Relations: The US, the EU, and Turkish Accession
The US government became deeply involved in European Union (EU)–Turkey relations from the mid-1990s and has provided extensive diplomatic support for full Turkish membership in the EU since then. Washington's strategic considerations have been paramount in the US government's approach to Turkey's full integration into the EU. The US policy on this issue has played a constructive role in Turkish–US relations. However, it has also created strains in transatlantic ties, since the pressure the US has put on the EU has angered many European officials, who resent what they view as interference in the EU's internal affairs. The US has become more sensitive to the complaints voiced by European leaders and EU officials, and it has adopted a more subtle approach to the issue of Turkish membership. While Washington continues to support Turkey's European integration, it has also recognised that the accession process is likely to be lengthy.
The USA’s Role in Mediating the Cyprus Conflict: A Story of Success or Failure?
This article is an attempt to assess the role played by the United States in the search for a solution to the Cyprus conflict both during and after the Cold War. The USA’s role in mediating the Cyprus conflict during crisis episodes is crucial for understanding the evolution of this 48-year-old stalemate. It was the superpower politics and containment strategy during the Cold War years that determined the course of action in US crisis mediation and determined its success or failure. In the post-Cold War period, on the other hand, the success or failure of the USA’s crisis mediation in Cyprus has been determined by the fact that it remained the sole hegemonic power in world politics. This article aims to sort out the implications of success and failure in the USA’s role in mediating the crises of 1963, 1967, 1974 and 1998, to account for the variation in the outcomes and speculate on the possible US role to be played regarding a probable major crisis in 2004 when Cyprus joins the EU as a divided island.
Mediating in Cyprus: The Cypriot Communities and the United Nations
Introduction: defining the Cyprus problem explaining UN involvement in Cyprus the disputants' views, peacemaking and the UN defining the book. Part I The theoretical framework: a survey of theoretical approaches to peacemaking the disputants' view of international mediation. Part II The roots of the conflict: the historical background to the Cyprus problem. Part III The view of the mediated-upon in the Cyprus conflict: establishing the "status quo" and the formation of the two communities' views of UN involvement in peacemaking in Cyprus 1964-74 a reversal of fortunes - the two communities' views of UN involvement in peacemaking in Cyprus 1975-83 political dominance versus military superiority - the two communities' views of UN involvement in peacemaking in Cyprus 1984-1944 conclusion - an appraisal of the disputants' views - UN peacemaking in Cyprus. Appendices: the Zurich-London agreements, 11 February 1959 Makarios' 13 points of 1953 UN Security Council resolution 186 of 4 March 1964 UN General Assembly resolution 3212, 1974 high-level agreement, 12 February 1977 the 10-point agreement, 19 May 1979 UN Security Council Resolution 541, 18 November 1983 confidence-building measures, 25 November 1992.