Modeling of IC Debonding of FRP-Strengthened Concrete Flexural Members
The presence of a fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthening material bonded to the tension face of a reinforced concrete beam will restrict but not prevent the opening of intermediate flexural cracks due to applied loading. Test results indicate that displacements at the toe of flexural cracks create stress concentrations at the interface of the FRP laminate and the beam, leading to the development of localized interface cracks that, typically, propagate, under the effect of the load, to join the original flexural cracks and cause delamination of the FRP system. This type of FRP delamination is commonly termed intermediate crack (IC) debonding. In this paper the analytical models published in the literature are reviewed and it was found that these models do not correlate well with measured experimental results. This paper proposes an analytical model that characterizes the interface shear stress based on two distinct sources: (1) the change in the applied moments along the length of the member and (2) ...
Accuracy of design‐oriented formulations for evaluating the flexural and shear capacities of FRP‐strengthened RC beams
Fibre‐reinforced polymer (FRP) composites have been employed in the last few decades largely for the strengthening and seismic retrofitting of existing reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Several studies are available in the literature and different analytical models have been proposed for evaluating the FRP contribution in strengthened RC elements. This paper analyses the accuracy of analytical models widely used for evaluating the flexural and shear contributions provided by the FRP. Some of those models are included in design guidelines. In particular, the analytical models for evaluating the FRP strain at intermediate crack‐induced debonding failure are analysed. The accuracy of each formulation is assessed comparing the analytical provisions with the experimental results collected from two databases, one for bending and one for shear. The results obtained show that most of the analytical flexural models achieve a good level of accuracy and only a few models provide inadequate results. A new formulation proposed for evaluating the FRP shear contribution is shown to be generally conservative, which comes at the expense of accuracy.
A social analysis of the members of the Newfoundland House of Assembly, Executive Council, and Legislative Council for the period, 1855-1914
Chapter I consists of an introduction to the thesis, its purpose, and intent. Chapter II is an aggregate analysis of the members of the three chambers of government during the period 1855-1914. Chapter III is an analysis of geographic factors contributing to recruitment into Newfoundland politics. Chapter IV analyzes religion and its importance in Island politics. Chapter V studies occupation and class and Chapter VI is concerned with kinship and marriage. Chapter VII summarizes the findings of the previous chapters.