Trafficking in Persons in Indonesia: A Review on Current Anti-Trafficking Legislation Development
Trafficking in persons has become a global phenomena, including within Indonesia. Even now, Indonesia is identified as a source, transit, and destination country for victims of trafficking in persons for the purposes of forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. The victims include women, children, and men. However, Indonesia is committed to preventing trafficking in persons, punishing offenders, and protecting victims of trafficking. Towards this end, Indonesia is taking many strategic and practical steps to eradicate trafficking in persons; including enacting current specific anti-trafficking law to cope with this type of crime; i.e., Law No. 21 of 2007 on the Eradication of Criminal Act of Trafficking in Persons. This article examines the development of anti trafficking legislation in Indonesia, including international instruments, prior legislation, and current legislation adopted in coping with the criminal act of trafficking in persons. The results would provide more undertsnading pertaining to trafficking in persons in Indonesia and the development of acts adopted by the country in adressing this criminal act. Keywords: Indonesia, trafficking in persons, legislation development
Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children, in Countries of the Middle East: The Scope of the Problem and the Appropriate Legislative Responses
The purpose of this Article is to discuss the scope of the problem of trafficking in persons, especially women and children, in the region of the Middle East, and to examine the legislative responses to this problem. This Article will discuss the forms of trafficking in the countries of the Middle East and explain the current legislative responses to the problem of trafficking. This Article will also evaluate the adequacy of these responses, as determined by the minimum standards for eliminating trafficking in persons set forth by the United States Traffickingi Victims Protection Act of 2000 (”TVPA”). The Article will also address what countries of the Middle East must do to comply with the provisions stipulated in the Protocol. The Article will conclude by suggesting necessary legislative changes that must be initiated by these countries to combat trafficking in persons in the region. TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS, ESPECIALLY WOMEN AND CHILDREN, IN COUNTRIES OF THE MIDDLE EAST: THE SCOPE OF THE PROBLEM AND THE APPROPRIATE LEGISLATIVE RESPONSES
Analysis: The Agenda 2007 Proposals: Evolution or Revolution?
On 10 February 2004 the Commission published its proposal for the financial perspective 2007-2013. A week later it adopted the third report on economic and social cohesion. These two documents form the basis of the so-called ‘Agenda 2007 reforms’. They will be the greatest challenge for the enlarged EU after the intergovernmental conference, since they will determine the financial basis for EU policy-making until the middle of the next decade. The Agenda 2007 proposals certainly hint at courageous reforms, because they place a previously unheard-of emphasis on performance and quality. Under the proposals, structural operations should generate value for money, and the funds should focus on projects which generate added value at a European level. Overall the Commission’s proposals point in the right direction, because they balance, on the one hand, solidarity for the new Member States and weak regions in the old Member States with, on the other hand, investments in future tasks. Moreover, they constitute a paradigm shift. For the first time, the Common Agricultural Policy will not be the dominant expenditure category. Now it is up to the Member States to examine the proposals politically and find a compromise between sometimes very divergent interests. It is to be hoped that, during the debate over expenditure limits and division of funds, national interests do not outweigh European interests.