A Study on Improving a Continuing Education for Public Librarians: Focusing on Privatized Public Libraries
This study aims to make suggestions on how to effectively provide continuing education for librarians in privatized public libraries. For this end, the study examined concepts and importance of continuing education. It then investigated a current status of education/training procedures provided by Librarian Training Division of the National Library of Korea, and continuing education programs for public librarians implemented by primary regional libraries. It also analyzed continuing education programs of library associations in the U.S. and the U.K. Based on these analyses, the study conducted a survey for a sample of librarians in privatized public libraries, identified problems of continuing education for them, and made recommendations for its improvement. 키워드: 위탁공공도서관, 사서, 계속교육, 재교육, 공공도서관 privatized public library, librarian, continuing education, reeducation, public library * ** 이화여자대학교 문헌정보학과 대학원(feelingpj@ewha.ac.kr) (제1저자) 이화여자대학교 문헌정보학과 교수(syly@ewha.ac.kr) (교신저자) 논문접수일자 : 2014년 3월 3일 논문심사일자 : 2014년 3월 3일 게재확정일자 : 2014년 3월 17일 한국비블리아학회지, 25(1): 363-395, 2014. [http://dx.doi.org/10.14699/kbiblia.2014.25.1.363] 364 한국비블리아학회지 제25권 제1호 2014
Trends in the Online Continuing Professional Development for Librarians and Applications of Professional Competencies
ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the current development of continuing professional education for librarians with particular foci on online learnin g and professional competencies. It analyzed the current online training programs at the National L ibrary of Korea along with on-site programs in order to identify their strengths and weaknesses. I t also examined best practices of online continuing education abroad where more diverse and inter active delivery methods, such as webinars and webcasts, are used to inform latest and practical topics in the field. It found online training programs are not complementing but playing major roles in continuing professional education. The study also examined the current trends that library continu ing educational institutions are applying core competencies schemes to continuing education prog rams in order to systemize their programs and to strengthen individual librarians’ professional competencies.키워드: 사서 계속교육, 온라인 계속교육, 역량기준, 국립중앙도서관Continuing Education, Continuing Professional Development, E-le arning, Online Education, Online Learning, Professional Competencies, C ore Competencies, National Library of Korea
Effect of superficial gas velocity on the particle temperature distribution in a fluidized bed with heat production
The heat transfer behavior of particles and gas in an olefin polymerization fluidized bed was numerically analyzed using an in-house developed 3-D computational fluid dynamics discrete element model (CFD-DEM). First the implementation of the model was verified by comparing simulation results with analytical results. A constant volumetric heat production rate was implemented in the particle energy equation to mimic the heat production due to the polymerization reaction. It was found that the probability density function (PDF) of the particle temperature becomes more homogeneous with increasing superficial gas velocity. Furthermore, instantaneous snapshots of the thermal driving force (the difference between the single particle temperature and bed-average gas temperature, Tp− ) for different heat production rates provide detailed insight in the particle temperature distribution inside the fluidized bed. The time- and bed-averaged particle convective heat transfer coefficient, which was calculated by Gunn׳s correlation, was found to be independent of the superficial gas velocity. This is explained by the fact that the relative velocity of gas and particles in the emulsion phase, where most of the particles and gas interact, is hardly influenced when increasing the gas superficial velocity. From the spatial distribution of Nusselt number, it becomes apparent that the high heat transfer regions are found in the wake of rising bubbles, whereas low heat transfer rates are found in the clouds of the bubbles.