The biosphere 2 project and its potential role in assisting space exploration
Abstract Space Biospheres Ventures is developing technologies for its Biosphere 2 project — a 3 acre materially closed ecological system with human habitat, intensive agriculture and five wilderness biomes — and other life-support testbeds for space habitats in microgravity and the Moon and Mars, as well as for ecological research pertinent to the biosphere of Earth. These include soil bed reactors for air purification and biomass production; aquatic waste processing systems; real-time analytic systems; and computer systems of control and management. A space policy pursuing joint Earth and ‘space biospheres’ objectives and implications is discussed.
Soil beds for the control of sewage odors.
Liquid wastes in transit often are accompanied by malodorous volatile materials which emanate from sewer vents into the surrounding atmosphere. Many of these materials are perceptible in very low concentrations in the range of parts per billion. Disagreeable odors associated with the transporta tion of wastes are of serious concern to the responsible regulatory and con trol agencies and to the citizens in the vicinity where these odors are dis cernible. These odor problems are intensified by warm summer tempera tures, by long detention times in tran sit, by lack of aeration, and by the close proximity of residences to sewer system vents. Pomeroy (1) (2) and Mayo (3) have alleviated sewer odor problems successfully by routing exit sewer gases through soil beds. Mayo's installation on Mercer Island at Seattle has per formed so effectively that the consult
Die Populationsdynamik Von Canthocampt Us Staphylinus (Jurine) (Copepoda, Harpacticoida) Im Litoral Des Bodensees
The population dynamics of Canthocamptus staphylinus in the littoral zone of Lake Constance are described (fig. 2). Adult animals aestivate as cysts. The main part of the population emerges from the cysts in autumn. During the resting stage and the first spell after emerging, mortality is very low (fig. 3). Reproduction, expressed as numbers of ovigerous females, begins in November and reaches its maximum in January. The new generation becomes adult in May/June and encysts without previous reproduction. According to Sarvala (1979) it may be possible, that in littoral populations dormancy is induced by long day periods and temperatures of over 12° C (figs. 1, 2). In the profundal zone C. staphylinus also forms cysts, however, both light and temperature are not likely to induce this stage in depths of over 60 m.