UPORABA IN UINKOVANJE DIREKTIV S PODROJA VARSTVA OKOLJA V UPRAVNIH IN SODNIH POSTOPKIH APPLICABILITY AND EFFECT OF DIRECTIVES FROM THE SPHERE OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The article discusses the principles of direct effect, direct applicability and consistent interpretation, applied for EU directives on environmental protection. It further analyses why it is necessary to apply these principles ex ofcie by state authorities and courts. Environmental protection is mostly regulated with directives which, however, are designed to protect the environment in public interest. This characteristic inuences the understanding of direct effect, since the right of an individual is not in the forefront and hence questions the direct effect's applicability. Still, there is no signicant deviation from general rules on direct effect. Additionally, the author explains that the application of these principles is not only an obligation but often a welcome help as well.
Giving Effect to Public International Law and European Community Law before Domestic Courts. A Comparative Analysis of the Practice of Consistent Interpretation
This paper explores the differences between and the similarities of how domestic courts - mainly the Dutch - apply two distinct forms of non-domestic law: public international law and European Community law. The article focuses on the application of the principle that in both areas dominates practice: the principle that courts should, whenever possible, construe national law in conformity with, respectively, public international law and European Community law. The article systematically compares how courts employ this principle. On the basis of a detailed analysis of the relevant national case law and the case law of the European Court of Justice (ECJ), it is argued that there is no fundamental divide between the application of public international law and EC law (despite the theoretically opposing starting points); differences in application are a matter of degree not of principle. The principle of consistent interpretation proves to be effective and of great practical importance in both areas and further testifies of the similarities in the impact of the two areas on domestic law.
The Area of Freedom, Security and Justice ten years on: Successes and future challenges under the Stockholm Programme. CEPS Paperbacks. June 2010
This book celebrates the tenth anniversary of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) by bringing together the views of key practitioners and policy-makers who have played an outstanding role in thinking about and shaping EU policies on freedom, security and justice. 
 
Ten years ago, the member states transferred competences to the EU for law and policy-making in the fields of immigration, asylum and border controls, and began the transfer process for criminal justice and policing. This decade of European cooperation on AFSJ policies has experienced very dynamic convergence, the enactment of a large body of European law and the setting-up of numerous EU agencies working in these domains. Such dynamism in policy-making has not been without challenges and vulnerabilities, however. As this collective volume shows, the main dilemmas that lie ahead relate to an effective (while more plural) institutional framework under the Treaty of Lisbon, stronger judicial scrutiny through a greater role for national courts and the Court of Justice in Luxembourg, better mechanisms for evaluating and monitoring the implementation of EU AFSJ law and a more solid fundamental rights strategy. The contributions in this volume address the progress achieved so far in these policy areas, identify the challenges for future European cooperation in the AFSJ and put forward possible paths for making more progress in the next generation of the EU’s AFSJ.