INTEGRAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL AO ENSINO MÉDIO NO PARANÁ: DAS INTENÇÕES AOS RESULTADOS
This text presents a bibliographic discussion on documents and interviews data related to professional and high school teaching. It aims at integrating professional education to high school education in two schools in the state of Parana, from 2004 to 2010. It questions how this integration took place. High School teaching dissociated itself from professional education with the LDBEN 9.394/96, regulated by Decree 2.208/97. In order to reverse the guidelines from this norm, the Decree was revoked with the enactment of Decree 5.154/2004. The government of Parana anticipated such integration, by introducing, in 2003, political and pedagogical guidelines for the process of integrating professional education into High Schools and by developing an integrated high school education in state schools in 2004. As a result of this process, some actions became necessary such as the continuing education of teachers, a review of the pedagogical projects and a new curricular concept. It was concluded that the possibilities and limits of this proposal lie in the comprehension of the work as an educational principle. http://dx.doi.org/10.14572/nuances.v24i3.2704
Decifrar textos para compreender a política: subsídios teórico-metodológicos para análise de documentos
This article discusses some theoretical concepts used by our research group to develop a method to analyze documents related to Educational Policy based on concepts, contents and discourses found in documents. The texts are only a starting point; we do not aim to conduct a pure discourse analysis, but our goal is to understand the policies through document analysis. We consider the discursive hegemony, the colonization of vocabulary of reform, the bricolage of concepts that seek to develop new lenses to interpret texts of the educational reform; to read what they say, but also to capture what they do not say. We understand texts as products and producers of political orientations. The meanings are not given in documents, they are produced by readers, they are found beyond the words that compose them. For this reason, we focus upon the preliminary versions of documents, complementary texts and the context in which official texts were produced, thus articulating macro and micro levels of analysis. In this approach, a document is not restricted to a single and harmonious reading. It is subject to multiple readings, it is not an object of passive consumption, but an object to be investigated by researchers in order to produce meaning.
The fragmentation of small asteroids in the atmosphere
The fragmentation of a small asteroid in the atmosphere greatly increases its cross-sections for aerodynamic braking and energy dissipation. The differential pressure across a meteoroid disperses its fragments at a velocity that increases with atmospheric density and impact velocity and decreases with meteoroid density. At a typical impact velocity of 22 km/s, the atmosphere absorbs more than half the kinetic energy of stony meteoroids with diameters, D M < 220 M AND IRON METEOROIDS WITH D M < 80 m. The corresponding diameter for comets with impact velocity 50 km/s is D M < 1600 m. Most of this energy dissipation occurs in a fraction of a scale height, which causes large meteoroids to appear to »explode« or »flare« at the end of their visible paths