th Middle East Nondestructive Testing Conference , 7-10 October 2012 , Kingdom of Bahrain Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing of Welded Joints in Plastic ( PE ) Pipes
A reliable Non-Destructive Testing approach is required for the inspection of polyethylene (PE) butt fusion joints in various material grades and pipe sizes. The nature of butt fusion joints is that the fusion zone is relatively small and the inspection solutions are often restricted by the existence of an external weld bead. This weld bead restricts the probe placement and the probe needs to be positioned in a non-optimal position for the weld inspection. The PE material grades have low velocity and high frequency dependent attenuation, which will complicate the inspection of thicker pipes. In this paper, phased array ultrasonic techniques are presented and their capabilities are evaluated. The techniques utilise customised water wedges to be able to generate forward angle beams to cover the weld within the PE pipe. Techniques have been developed for pipes with outer diameters between 220-710mm and thicknesses between 14-45mm. Probe and wedge parameters have been optimised for this range of pipes. The capability of detecting circular defects with diameters between 1.5-8mm on pipes with an outer diameter between 220-710mm using a phased array ultrasonic inspection solution, and the challenges overcome when working with this type of material, are presented.
Novel high resolution defect detection for thermoplastic Butt-Welds
Engineers announce a major breakthrough to improve ultrasonic testing of thermoplastic pipeline butt welds.
Evaluation of Impact of Yarn Count and Stitch Length on Pilling, Abrasion, Shrinkage and Tightness Factor of 1 ? 1 Rib Cotton Knitted Fabrics
This study investigates the impact of yarn count and stitch length of 100% cotton knitted fabrics. 1 × 1 ribs structured fabrics were used in this research work. The stitch length 2.50 mm, 2.52 mm, 2.60 mm, 2.70 mm, 2.80 mm and 2.96 mm were used of the yarn count of 26Ne, 28Ne and 36Ne. The areal densities of the grey fabrics were in various amounts. The impacts of yarn count and stitch length were measured concerning pilling resistance, abrasion resistance, and shrinkage and tightness factor. The result showed that the fabric pilling grade decreased while number of cycle increased. Abrasion resistance decreased but length wise shrinkage increased despite the fact that the stitch length increased. The results also exposed that the tightness factor of the fabric increased with the increase of the stitch length in both dyeing and washing state and finished state compared to grey state for the yarn count 26Ne and homogeneous result not found for yarn count 28Ne and 36 Ne. Evaluation of Impact of Yarn Count and Stitch Length on Pilling, Abrasion, Shrinkage and Tightness Factor of 1 × 1 Rib Cotton Knitted Fabrics