Nigerian Cabotage: Its Policy, Prospects and Challenges
The purpose of this study is to critically examine the Nigerian Cabotage Law and its policy. It will look at what Nigeria stand to benefit by enacting the Law. It is a fact that some countries attempt certain policies in order to experiment, as to whether it will work for them and then they tap into its exploits. Others venture into specific policies because some have successfully experimented and they believe they can do it too. Whatever category Nigeria falls into, the study will attempt to analyze the policy upon which the Nigerian Cabotage law is anchored. It will examine the issue of Ministerial waiver in the event that there are no indigenous capacities to carry out the objectives as spelt out in the Act. It will also examine the various challenges encountered at different stages of implementation. The study contends that what Nigeria stand to gain by Cabotage transcends what she will lose if the law is not given birth to. It concludes that if the implementation guidelines are jealously adhered to and the enforcements are strictly followed, Cabotage has the potentials of becoming a great rivalry to Oil and Gas Industry in Nigeria. Keywords: Nigeria, Cabotage, Maritime, NIMASA, Shipping
SURVIVAL STRATEGIES IN A CHALLENGING ENVIRONMENT : FOCUS ON MARITIME COMPANIES IN PORT HARCOURT
In the recent times, maritime business in Nigeria has become more volatile, highly challenging and has witnessed more turbulent than ever before and this increased integration of the world economy has had negative consequences, among which is the demise of many organization in the Nigeria offshore.. In this work, we find out the survival strategies for coping with the challenges in the Nigeria maritime sector. The work among other things examines the relationship between survival strategies and maritime business growth; It as well ascertains relationship between safety practice/ship turnaround time and growth and survival of a shipping line. To achieve the spelt objectives, the study utilized cross-sectional survey design; and data was collected though a self-administered questionnaire from a number of 52 respondents who were staff of selected maritime firms in Port hacourt, River State, Nigeria. Statistical technique software SPSS was employed to aid the data analysis. Having analyzed the data, the study found out that: survival strategies build maritime business growth. It was also discovered that growth and survival of a shipping line is dependent on the safety practice/ship turnaround time of maritime firms. The work among other things, recommends that maritime firms must continue to maintain lean staff strength and reduce their outsourcing functions. The work, in addition to that, also advised that much emphasis must be devoted to dealing with the identified environmental factors that may affect maritime operations.
Effects of signaling topic structure on text recall
Two experiments studied effects of signaling devices (headings, overviews, and summaries) on text memory. In Experiment 1, subjects read a text with or without signals, then recalled the topics of the text. Signaling produced better memory for the topics and their organization. In Experiment 2, subjects recalled the content of the text they read, and recalls were scored for the number of accurately recalled ideas. Signals produced recalls that were better organized by text topics. Signals also influenced the distribution of recall of ideas: Subjects remembered more topics but recalled less about each accessed topic if the text they read contained signals than if it did not