CPTED (Crime prevention through environmental design)
Arising from Newman's theory of defensible space, the theory of crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) is premised on the idea that crime is linked to physical features of the environment and not solely predicated on individual, structural, or institutional measures. CPTED enjoyed a flourish of support in the early 1970s but, following years of limited success, it has fallen by the wayside in criminological theory. Currently, CPTED has yet to be definitively demonstrated as a successful strategy for suppressing crime. 
 
 
Keywords: 
 
Crime Prevention; 
Deterrence; 
Ecology; 
Environmental Criminology; 
Police
Defensible Space Undefended
The notion that crime can be prevented through environmental design is a recent and promising idea emerging from the fields of architecture and urban planning. However, despite intriguing correlations between crime rates and features of building design, we understand little about the social processes which induce residents to intervene to stop crimes and disorderly behavior in the spaces around them. This article investigates the conditions under which residents of an American inner-city housing project act and fail to act to defend both architecturally defensible and undefensible spaces. Because of the fragmented social fabric, even architecturally defensible spaces here are undefended.
Spatial and Temporal Aspects of Crime in Cleveland, Ohio
ment agencies as well. However, at this time there is a need to communicate in practical terms to law enforcement officials the utility of using recent tools developed by geographers to improve their knowledge of the distribution of crime, particularly to the end that crimes can be prevented. While geographers have recently focused increasing amounts of attention on ways of accomplishing such goals, aspects of general urban design have been given little attention within these studies. The contributions of Jeffery ( 1971 ), in terms of general recommendations. for improved design in urban planning as well as those of