Density of Heavy Water
THE density of heavy water was accurately determiner oy Stokland, Ronaess and Tronstad1 rature range 10–27°. Measurements fed to 50° by Chang and Chien2, and later by Wirtz3. Recently, we have further extended the measurement up to the boiling point of heavy water.
PρT measurement and PC-SAFT modeling of N,N-dimethyl formamide, N -methyl formamide, N,N-dimethyl acetamide, and ethylenediamine from T = (293.15–423.15) K and pressures up to 35 MPa
Abstract The PρT data of N,N -dimethylformamide (DMF) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) were measured at temperature range of (293.15–413.15) K and pressures up to 30 MPa. The same properties also were measured for N-methylformamide (NMF) and ethylenediamine (EDA) over the temperature range within (293.15 to 423.15) K and (293.15–383.15) K and at pressures up to 35 MPa and 30 MPa, respectively. The measurements at 10 K intervals and along eight isobars were done. The experimental density values were correlated with the Tait equation. Based on the obtained result, other thermodynamic properties, such as, isothermal compressibility, κT, thermal expansion coefficient, αP, and thermal pressure coefficient, γV, were calculated. Also, the PC-SAFT model was used to correlate the densities of the pure solvents at the above-mentioned temperature and pressure range. In general, both models yield comparable and satisfactorily good correlation of the high pressure and temperature density.
Quantitative and qualitative relationship between swirl burner operatingconditions and pulverized coal flame length
Abstract Currently, there are used in power plants two types of burners to combustion the pulverized coal: jet burners and swirl burners. Most of the published works in the field of analysis of burners operating conditions are related to jet burners and are limited to initial region of the flame at the outlet of the burner. For jet burners an offset between the burner outlet and the flame beginning point could be analyzed. In the case of swirl burners with the pre-mixing diffuser chamber an offset between flame ignition point and burner outlet is usually not visible. Because already in the pre-mixing diffuser chamber of swirl burner occurs the ignition of coal-dust together with oxidant-gas cloud and thereby the formation of the flame. Therefore, the analysis of operating conditions for this types of burners requires a different approach. There is a lack of researches, in which will be analyzed changes of the flame length, that are caused by changes of design and operating parameters of swirl burner with the pre-mixing diffuser chamber. Therefore the aim of this study was to implement and verify the methodology for estimating the flame length, which will allow monitoring changes of operating conditions, that are caused by changes of design and operating parameters of swirl burner with the pre-mixing diffuser chamber. To carry out the analysis of the image of the coal flame, the two algorithms have been presented. This two algorithms, being based on the video images of the coal flame allows to specify and detect the end point of the flame and on that basis the length of the flame, as well as the fluctuation changes of flame length can be later determined. Both, the change thermal loads of coal burner, streams of secondary air, as well as the constructional change of the angle of swirler assemblies, resulted in distinct changes in the length of the pulverized coal flame.