Mathematical modelling of flow, pesticide and nutrient transport for fish-farm planning and management
Abstract In recent years, there has been a rapid growth in fish farming, particularly salmon farming, in UK and Eire coastal waters. This increase in production has also led to an awareness by the fish-farming industry that over-production could have a deleterious effect on the hydro-ecology of coastal waters, which would inhibit the maintenance of current production farming levels. In planning a fish-farm configuration for coastal basins, complex deterministic mathematical models can provide invaluable information for farm optimisation, with the models predicting the tidal current structure and solute levels in the basin. Details are given herein of a refined mathematical model for predicting tidal current and Nuvan, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and nitrogen levels for a proposed fish-farm configuration in a bay off the Eire coastline. The model accurately predicts field-measured velocities at two sites within the bay, and further predicts Nuvan, BOD and nitrogen levels that are well below those levels which would be known to affect adversely the hydro-ecology of the bay.
Effect of Neguvon® and Nuvan® treatment on crabs (Cancer pagurus, C. maenas), lobster (Homarus gammarus) and blue mussel (Mytilus edulis)
Abstract Survival tests were carried out with crabs, lobsters and blue mussels held in tanks of flowing seawater and subjected to Neguvon at 10, 1, 0.5 and 0.1 ppm and to Nuvan at 1, 0.01 ppm. Homarus gammarus was the most susceptible species; the animals died within 24 h at Neguvon levels of 0.5 ppm and higher and at Nuvan levels of 0.1 ppm and higher. The use of these chemicals in salmon farming appears to have deterious effects on marine invertebrate species.
Biodiversity, conservation, and sustainable development
This important book highlights the conflicts between economic growth and the conservation of nature in the context of sustainable development. It places particular emphasis on biological diversity and examines possible policies for resolving conflicts which arise from the contrasting goals of conserving the natural environment and economic growth.