Experimental Determination of Reactions of Wind-Resistant Support of Circular Stacks in Various Configurations
Higher capacities of power plants together with increased awareness on environmental considerations have led to taller height of stacks. It is seen that strong wind can result in falling of stacks. So, aerodynamic consideration of stacks is very important in order to save the falling of stacks. One stack is not enough in industries and power sectors and two or three stacks are required for proper operation of the unit. It is very important to arrange the stacks in proper way to resist their downfall. The present experimental study concentrates on the mutual effect of three nearby stacks on each other at three different arrangements, viz. linear, side-by-side and triangular. The experiments find out the directions of resultant forces acting on the stacks in different configurations so that proper arrangement of supports can be made with respect to the wind directionality obtained from local meteorological data. One can also easily ascertain which stack is more vulnerable to wind in comparison to the others for a particular configuration. Thus, this study is important in studying the effect of wind force on three stacks in different arrangements and is very helpful in placing the supports in proper places in order to avoid failing of stack-like structures due to wind. Keywords—Stacks, relative positioning, drag and lift forces, resultant forces and supports.
Across-wind buffeting in a group of four in-line model chimneys
Abstract Experimental observations of the across-wind response of a group of four chimneys in turbulent shear flow are presented and discussed. The experimental program was conducted at sub-critical values of Reynolds number, and in order to interpret the results in terms of the likely full-scale behaviour, semi-empirical mathematical models were developed for the prediction of the response of both an isolated structure and one subject to wake buffeting. The semi-empirical models require a knowledge of basic parameters such as lift coefficient and Strouhal number and can be used to estimate response at full scale, provided that the corresponding data are available. Agreement between the observed and predicted response amplitudes at sub-critical values of Reynolds numbers was good for both the buffeted and the isolated model chimney.
First Along the River: A Brief History of the U.S. Environmental Movement
Chapter 1: Philosophical Foundations Chapter 2: The 1400s through the 1700s: Inhabiting a New Land Chapter 3: The Early 1800s: Destroying the Frontier Chapter 4: The Late 1880s: Building an Industrial Nation Chapter 5: The 1900s through the 1930s: Beginnings of the Conservation Movement Chapter 6: The 1940s through the 1960s: Prelude to the Green Decade Chapter 7: The 1970s: The Conservation Movement Matures Chapter 8: The 1980s: A Conservative Backlash Chapter 9: The Early 1990s: Government Retrenchment and Public Apathy Chapter 10: The Environmental Movement in the Post-9/11 World Conclusion