Educational Empowerment, Community Development and the Disadvantaged Case Study Analysis: The Informally Housed, Internally Displaced Community Population of Bogota, Colombia; South America
EDUCATIONAL EMPOWERMENT, COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT AND THE DISADVANTAGED. CASE STUDY ANALYSIS: THE INTERNALLY DISLACED, INFORMALLY HOUSED COMMUNITY POPULATION OF BOGOTA, COLOMBIA; SOUTH AMERICA. Edgard Jason Rincon, M.S., M.A. George Mason University, 2013 Thesis Committee Chair: Dr. Sandra Cheldelin This thesis is a descriptive analysis of how specific governmental bodies and non state organizations in Bogotá, Colombia are working to further educational advancement and community development for the largest community populations of the internally displaced social group. Educational empowerment for the internally displaced is analyzed through an examination of literature and data underlying stated government provisions, specifically created for the protection of IDP rights in the educational social sector. Equal consideration is given to specific initiatives undertaken by non state actors to advance the access to and quality of education for the internally displaced. Community development in this thesis is defined by an analysis of the infrastructure, access to state funded institutional and economic support, as well as the relationship between established periphery host communities and the internally displaced living within those communities. This study is primarily a qualitative descriptive analysis of the internally displaced living in the periphery of the city of Bogotá, Colombia. Quantitative empirical research data is introduced as a supplement to the underlying objectives of this research, and when necessary to identify the indicators of participation of the internally displaced within the educational system. Recommendations for the educational advancement and community development of the internally displaced population of Bogotá are provided in light of research findings.
Internal displacement in Colombia: humanitarian, economic and social consequences in urban settings and current challenges
Abstract This article provides an overview of internal displacement and the internally displaced person (IDP) assistance system in Colombia. It analyses the humanitarian consequences faced by IDPs when they move to an urban environment, and examines the impact of the influx of IDPs into cities on the different actors involved, such as the government, national and international organizations and host communities.
Protection of the Marine Environment: The International and National Regulation of Deep Seabed Mining Activities
This chapter provides an overview of the international and national regulatory framework pertaining to deep seabed mining activities. It begins by discussing the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, the backdrop for all marine activities – be they national or international – and examines the obligations of states to protect the marine environment from the harmful effects arising from deep seabed mining. Next, the chapter examines the international regime for deep seabed mining (i.e. “activities in the Area”), explaining the “common heritage of mankind” status of the Area (i.e. the international seabed); the functions of the International Seabed Authority (ISA), the international organization established to govern deep seabed mining in the Area; and the concept of state sponsorship of non-state entities (i.e. private actors) for deep seabed mining in the Area. The chapter follows with a discussion of the development of national legislation to regulate deep seabed mining, examining efforts in the Pacific region where many prospective deep-sea mining sites are located. This includes a look at the legislative regimes of several Pacific Island nations, namely, Papua New Guinea, Tonga and the Cook Islands, for whom deep seabed mining may soon become a reality – as well as New Zealand and Japan, countries with comparatively developed rule of law and legislative regimes that have undertaken or considered deep seabed mining in their national waters. Overall, the chapter critically describes and evaluates the current regulatory status in the international and national seabed areas and highlights some salient gaps that require urgent attention in order to ensure marine environmental protection and mitigate impacts on humans.