Novel modeling strategy for a BCI set-up applied in an automotive application: An industrial way to use EM simulation tools to help hardware and ASIC designers to improve their designs for immunity tests
Electronics suppliers of automotive industry use BCI (Bulk Current Injection) measurements to qualify immunity robustness of their equipment whereas electronics components manufacturers use DPI (Direct Power Injection) to qualify immunity of their component. Due to harness resonances, levels obtained during a BCI test exceed standard DPI requirements imposed by automotive suppliers onto components' manufacturers. We propose to use BCI set-up modeling to calculate the equivalent DPI level obtained at the component level during equipment testing and to compare results with DPI measurements realized at IC level.
Experimental validation of the generalized accurate modelling method for system-level bulk current injection setups up to 1 GHz
A small-signal model of an automotive system-level bulk current injection (BCI) setup developed with a generalized accurate method shown in the previous publication is verified on a case study with a demonstrator EUT module. The work utilizes an equivalent circuit modelling approach for the floating ungrounded EUT board and a macromodel for an active DUT IC. The simulation-based prediction of the BCI test results using an IC failure threshold and a small-signal simulation of RF levels at floating EUT module under BCI tests is shown. Due to high accuracy and detail of the BCI setup model, the prediction also shows very good correlation to real measurement data, both qualitatively and quantitatively, up to 1 GHz.
A study of the local tissue reactions in man to cortisone and compound F. VI. Histopathological studies of the local effect of compound F in normal and pathologic skin of man.
After our previous negative studies (1) of the local effect of cortisone acetate in the skin of man, a year ago, a parallel study of 17-hydroxycorticosterone-21-acetate, Compound F, was outlined. Theoretically, Compound F should be the active steroid. It was so suggested by Rothman (2), that in all probability Compound F and not cortisone would be active locally in the skin of man.