KNowledge Based Innovation Detection And Control Framework To Foster Scientific Research Projects In Material Science
This paper introduces a comprehensive concept idea for building up a knowledge based innovation framework for scientific research projects in general and especially in the field of material science (IConMas). Regarding the aspect of material science the aim is to develop and establish a knowledge based material innovation method. Both aspects, innovation framework and innovation method, are integrated in a common concept which is accurately described within this paper. The outlook focuses on possibilities for realizing the concept and further work in the project.
Knowledge Based Technologies for Promoting Innovation in Material Science
Materials and their properties are nowadays mostly represented either in forms of material data bases or digital data sheets. While these are sources of facts about the particular materials, the interconnection between the different materials, their usage and development is still lacking. Besides, the data bases are mostly distributed, run by different institutions or specialized on only one category like metals or polymers. The given article addresses the application of knowledge management in the area of material science and engineering for gathering, representing and distributing knowledge as well as supporting a sustainable material and product development. Sustainability, green engineering and innovativeness are crucial deciding factors for today’s material development and should therefore be addressed and integrated in the scope of promoting innovation in material science. To accomplish the aforementioned goal, a combination of semantic and case based methods will be applied in a holistic concept, entitled MatProSQI. It is thus become possible to interconnect and reference fact or knowledge of materials, like category, property, test results, production requirements, sustainability factors, user feedback and experiences of former applications. In addition to the representation of knowledge, collaboration between the engineers is detected as an essential factor for a steady transfer of knowledge.
Genotypic diversity in field isolates of Babesia bovis from cattle with babesiosis after vaccination.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether particular genotypes of Babesia bovis were common to field isolates obtained from cattle properties in Queensland where the B bovis vaccine had apparently failed.


DESIGN
A comparative study of polymerase chain reaction genotypes in different populations of B bovis.


PROCEDURE
Two polymerase chain reaction assays were applied to analyse DNA extracts of B bovis vaccine (K, T and Dixie strains) and 27 field isolates from 24 properties where disease outbreaks had occurred despite the use of the vaccine. To evaluate the stability of the genotypes identified, 11 of the field isolates were inoculated into experimental cattle that had either been previously vaccinated with T strain or not vaccinated.


RESULTS
No particular genotype of B bovis was responsible for the problems observed in previously vaccinated herds. None of the isolates had genotypes identical to the vaccine strains used. No geographic trends among the genotypes were observed. Isolates that originated from the same property also had different genotypes. Blood passage of the 11 field isolates in either previously vaccinated or nonvaccinated cattle did not alter the original genotype.


CONCLUSION
No particular genotypes identified by the Bv80 and BvVA1 polymerase chain reaction assays could be associated with vaccine failures.