Time Taken as a Determinant of Advancement in Shotokan Karate Black-Belt Tekki Kata Performance
18 experienced black-belt subjects were individually timed on the kata Tekki Shodan. A significant relationship was found between years training and increased performance time and also between increased performance time and grade, both independent of age.
Relationship between Years Training and Performance Time on the Three Taikyoku Kata for Shotokan Karate Black-Belts
27 experienced black-belt subjects were individually timed on each of the three Taikyoku kata and correlations calculated between performance time and years training. Correlations were nonsignificant, more clearly clarifying the reasons why performance time increases as years of training increases in more complex forms.
Slow Movement as a Function of Advancement in the Shotokan Karate Kata Set
Analysis of the number of slow moves in the 26 Shotokan karate kata, analysed in difficulty level groups, indicated that progressively more slow moves were found with advancing kata group.