A study on results of TPS according to the optimum traction power supply system of Urban MAGLEV railway No . 66
The main purpose of this study is to conduct correlation factor analysis in both headway time and power capacity by means of analytical approach to results of power property in terms of headway time of Urban MAGLEV from the standpoint of headway time of Urban MAGLEV on the Incheon international airport maglev railway, in the process of construction at the moment, in Korea. Railroad track, as a fundamental condition of service simulation, is set up with double track, and it is therefore that the three patterns of headway time of Urban MAGLEV on the track. TPS is performed by Urban MAGLEV operation consisted of three separated patterns in headway time on the double railroad track or the trial track. As a result of such simulation, three types of characteristics listed below were obtained. 1) The peak power capacity related to transportation demand on the trial track compared to the result given. 2) The optimum capacity of substation is determined based on the analysis. 3) The location of substations is determined based on the analysis. The result of research performance, therefore, enables us to reflect the power supply system design for the stabilized and economized Urban MAGLEV operation
Operational and safety considerations in designing a light rail DC traction electrification system
This paper gives an overview of an integrated approach to operational and safety issues when designing a DC traction electrification system (TES) for modern light rail and streetcar systems. We first develop the human body electrical circuit model and define tolerable step and touch potentials derived from IEEE Standard 80. We then identify and analyze touch voltages that are commonly present around the rails, at station platforms, at traction power substations. Operational and safety topics discussed in this paper include: applicable codes and standards for electrical safety; traction power substation (TPS) grounding; detection of ground faults; DC protective relaying schemes including rail-to-earth voltage sensing and nuisance tripping, and transfer tripping of adjacent substations; TES system surge protection; OCS sectioning including feeder disconnect and bypass switches; electromagnetic and induced voltage problems that could cause disturbances in the signaling system; DC stray currents that can cause corrosion and damage to the negative return system, underground utilities, telecommunication cables, and other metallic structures; and emergency shutdown trip stations (ETS). To ensure safety of the project personnel and the public, extensive testing and proper and safe equipment operation, are required. The testing includes factory testing of the DC protection system, first article inspection of critical TES components, inspection and field testing during commissioning. In addition, safety certification must be accomplished before the TES system is energized and put into operation.
Exopolysaccharide biosynthesis and related enzyme activities of the medicinal fungus, Ganoderma lucidum, grown on lactose in a bioreactor
Exopolysaccharide (EPS) production and biosynthesis were studied in Ganoderma lucidum, a fungus used in traditional Chinese medicine, grown with lactose in a bioreactor. β-Galactosidase activity, which implies the existence of a lactose permease system, was induced by lactose. Lactose feeding also increased α-phosphoglucomutase activity and EPS accumulation but decreased phosphoglucose isomerase activity and lactate concentration in the culture broth. A maximum cell density of 22 g l−1 and EPS at 1.25 g l−1 were obtained in fed-batch bioreactor culture.