A continuidade do processo de desconcentração regional da indústria brasileira nos anos 2000
The article continues the debate on the changes in the regional distribution of Brazilian industry in recent decades. Based on industry data for employment and wages for the period 1997/2007, it identifies an intense process of regional decentralization. Using classical indices of concentration, it appears that the trend identified affects all types of industries, whether traditional, commodities, diffuser or durable goods. The article also proposes the use of a new density index, highlighting some meso-regions where it is relatively high. From the values encountered for the density index some meso-regions located in different regions of the country are selected and their results discussed, which illustrates various situations of apparent success.
Diferenciação regional da indústria brasileira: agrupamento e ordenação a partir de um novo índice
This article proposes a new indicator based on principal component analysis to study the level of development of Brazilian industry. Its utilization on regional data shows high disequilibrium among different regions. Results are much more favorable in the South and Southeast than in the rest of the country. This is true when comparing the 27 states as well as the 137 mesoregions. A high degree of heterogeneity in the interior of the most developed states was also identified. There are a few cases of success in the North, Northeast end Center-West regions; in some cases, these are metropolitan regions surrounding the state capitals; in others they are related to specific local policies to attract new investments. In the second part of the paper cluster analysis is used to show the similarities among the regions. The state of Sao Paulo and its metropolitan region are two outliers showing the best results in the country. Various groups with different level of development are formed. The comparison between the results encountered in both analysis (cluster and principal components) shows a strong association. As expected, regions with similar values for the indicator tend to belong to the same group.
The Use of Qualitative Information in Macro-Economic Policy Analysis
The majority of macro-economic policy models takes for granted that conflicts among objectives can be assessed by means of a tradeoff analysis. Such tradeoffs imply that sacrifices and benefits of various impacts of decisions can be measured on a cardinal scale, so that a conventional macro-economic utility or welfare analysis can be applied.