THE USE OF MULTIPLE COMBINED NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING IN THE CONCRETE STRENGHT ASSESSENT : APPLICATIONS ON LABORATORY SPECIMENS
In this paper a series of non-destructive tests has been performed with the purpose to investigate on the mechanical properties of the concrete employed in the civil buildings. A series of specimens were prepared in order to correlate the “in situ” concrete strengths obtained by multiple combinated non-destructive methods with the cubical and cylindrical strength obtained by destructive methods. The multiple combined methods (SonReb Methods + Windsor Probe Tests) were used to quality control and strength estimation of the concrete. In particular, a series of specimens by aggregates having various Mohs’Hardness (inert of fluvial origin) and by aggregate with only a class of Mohs’Hardness (crushed aggregate) has been prepared. During the concrete casting a series of cubical specimens has been prepared. The comparison among non-destructive tests, cubical strength and cores strength are carried out.
1 The Use of Destructive and non Destructive Testing 2 in Concrete Strength Assessment for a School 3 Building 4 5
The present paper aims to increase knowlodge of the methods of resistance estimating of 13 concrete in situ by means of non-destructive tests used to integrate the quantitative results from 14 cylindrical specimens (core). The results of experimental investigations carried out on concrete 15 conglomerate samples of a school building are shown. The experimental campaign then will be 16 presented like a case study, conducted on a series of concrete beams and pillars of an existing 17 building. The destructive tests on cores were conducted at the Civil Structures Laboratory of the 18 Engineering Department of the University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli". The expression obtained 19 through the calibration procedure of the values of non-destructive tests with those provided by the 20 core drills allowed to estimate the average values of the compressive strength of the concrete. It is 21 highlighted how this result was achieved with a very limited core number provided that they are 22 extracted in selected points and that there was a proportionality link with the resistances obtained 23 from non destructive tests. 24
Numerical Simulation for Natural State of Two-Phase Liquid Dominated Geothermal Reservoir with Steam Cap Underlying Brine Reservoir
Hydrothermal reservoir which liquid-dominated hydrothermal reservoir is a type of geothermal reservoir that most widely used for power plant. The exploitation of mass and heat from the geothermal fluid will decrease the pressure in the reservoir over time. Therefore the pressure drop in the reservoir will have an impact on the formation of boiling zones or boiling will increase. The impacts are an increase in the fraction of steam, dryness, in the reservoir and with good vertical permeability will form a steam cap underlying the brine reservoir. The two- phase liquid dominated reservoir is sensitive to the porosity and difficult to assign average properties of the entire reservoir when there is boiling zone in some area of the reservoir. These paper showed successful development of two-phase liquid dominated geothermal reservoir and discussed the formation of steam cap above brine reservoir through numerical simulation for state natural conditions. The natural state modeling in steam cap shows a match with the conceptual model of the vapor-dominated developed. These paper also proofed the presence of transition zone, boiling zone, between steam cap and brine reservoir.