A case study of flood control schemes for the Kakehashi river and their socio-cultural consequences
SUMMARY This paper is concerned with a twenty-five year campaign against the relocation of the Komatsu-Tenmangu shrine as a result of the enlargement of the Kakehashi river. The Komatsu-Tenmangu shrine is an important cultural property of Japan, and was constructed by Toshitsune Maeda, the third dynasty of the Kaga clan in 1657. It is suggested that the primary reason why it took so long to settle this issue is a flaw in our social system for managing public works. It is concluded that preservation of cultural property is not always contrary to land development, and that the proposed procedures or something like them must be put into practice for the real expansion of our culture.
A flood alleviation of the Kakehashi Basin, Japan
A flood alleviation scheme is proposed for the Kakehashi basin, Japan. The scheme consists of one diversion channel, four retarding basins and one dam. The region between the diversion channel and the Kakehashi river is protected from floods. The measures proposed make it possible to achieve flood alleviation whilst minimising changes of the Kakehashi river, and impacts on historical environments and cultural properties. It is emphasized that preservation of the sinuous channel of the Kakehashi river must play a key role in future management because of the physical, biological and aesthetic advantages when compared with a straight stream channel.
Boundary effects on stream meandering and river morphology
An account of stream meandering and river morphology is given for five experiments, each having different conditions at the wetted perimeter of the channel. 
 
 
 
On the basis of the present experiments, it is proposed that a necessary (but insufficient) condition for the formation of stream meandering is an appropriately small ratio of total bank shear force to total bed shear force, both per unit length downstream. In mathematical form, the criterion is expressed by 
 
 
 
 
 
 
τs and τs are an average bank stress and bed stress, respectively, and ps and pbb are an average bank wetted perimeter and bed wetted perimeter of a half-channel, respectively. The value of α is evaluated by Kinoshita's (1957) experiment and others. 
 
 
 
It is also found that the flow pattern, channel morphology and sand waves on the bed are dependent upon the boundary conditions at the wetted perimeter.