The reaction of imported British Shire horses to African Horse Sickness: A case report.
Summary Twelve (12) heavy horses of the Shire breed imported into Nigeria in 1974 died within two months after importation. This was because of inclement weather and non-availability of AHS vaccine.
Host Resistance to Ixodid Ticks: Response of Tick Naive Calves to Repeated Infestation with Larvae of Boophilus Decoloratus (Koch, 1844) and Boophilus Geigyi (Aeschliman and Morel, 1965)
Four calves were infested with larvae of Boophilus decoloratus and Boophilus geigyi on three successive occasions, at 30-day intervals. Results show that the attachment of first instar larvae and survival of subsequent developmental stages (AS), duration of feeding (DF), weight of engorged ticks (WT) and oviposition by engorged ticks were significantly affected when the calves were infested for the second and third time at 30-day intervals with the ticks larvae. After the third infestation, AS was reduced by 48.6%, DF increased by 15.6%, WT and oviposition were reduced by 83.8 and 81.5 %, respectively for B. geigyi. The respective data for B. decoloratus were 48.8, 17 J, 91 and 80.9%. The tick resistance index (TRI), showed significant reduction to a mean of 0.14 in B. geigyi and 0.076 in B. decoloratus.The data suggest development of immunity in calves by the first cycle of infestation, inducing resistance against the ticks, which were manifested in subsequent infestations. The use of tickimmunization of cattle for the management of ticks in Nigeria is suggested.RésuméQuatre veaux ont été infestés avec des larves de Boophilus decoloratus et B. geigyi 3 fois consécutives à 30 jours d’intervalle. Les résultats montrent que l’attachement des larves de 1er stade et la survie des stades de développment (AS), la durée de prise de nourriture (DF), le poids des tiques engorgées (WT) et l’oviposition des tiques engorgées sont affectés de façon significative durant les seconde et troisième périodes d’ infestation. Après la troisième infestation, AS était réduit de 48.6%, DF augmentée de 15.6%, WT et l’oviposition, réduits de 83.8 et 81.5% respectivement pour B. geigyi. Les donnés pour B. decoloratus étaient de 48.8, 1730, 91 et 80% respectivement L’index de résistance aux tiques (TRI) révèle une reduction significative avec une moyenne de 0.14 chez B. geigyi et 0.076 B. decoloratus. Les résultats indiquent un développement de l’immunité chez les veaux aux premières infestations, avec induction d’une résistance contre les tiques, par les infestations suivantes. Le recours à l’immunisation du bétail contre les tiques est suggérée comme méthode de lutte contre les tiques au Nigeria.
The relation of food quantity to rumination behavior.
Preliminary work suggested that the quantity of food ingested by retarded individuals who usually ruminated following meals was related to the frequency and duration of ruminating responses. This possible relation was experimentally examined by systematically varying food quantity from regular portions to satiation levels for three retarded individuals who exhibited high levels of ruminating. A clear functional relation of food quantity to ruminating emerged, with satiation procedures producing rapid and large decreases in the relatively high frequencies and durations of ruminating characteristic of baseline food quantity conditions.