Use of Waste Plastic and Waste Rubber in Aggregate and Bitumen for Road Materials
Many roads agencies have been experiencing problem of premature failure of pavements like potholes, roughness, cracks and etc. which leads to poor performance of roads and its life. On the other hand, plastics, rubbers, etc. are increasing day by day. Waste like plastic bottles, polymers, cups, waste tyre's can be re-used by powdering or blending it with crusher's and can be coated over aggregate and bitumen by any heating process. In this study we have used polymer and crumbed rubber as a binder with respect to aggregate and bitumen. In bituminous roads, we use materials like aggregate (of various sizes), grit and bitumen. The various tests are conducted during this study on aggregates such as crushing value, impact value, abrasion value, and specific gravity and also on bitumen penetration value, ductility, softening point. The results are discussed in this paper.
Experimental Study on the Stabilization of Soil by Using Plastic Wastes
The road pavements and sub-grades are severely affected during the rainy season, which results in the failure of the road. The rain water will penetrate the surface of the sub grade and weaken their stability. It will also result in heave frosting. To prevent the road from failure, the nature of the onsite materials are improved along with their stability by the process of stabilization. Many roads agencies have been experiencing problem of premature failure of pavements like potholes, roughness, cracks etc. which leads to poor performance of roads and its life. On the other hand, plastics, rubbers, etc. are increasing day by day. There are many ground improvement techniques to improve the strength of the soil. One of them was Stabilization of the soil by using plastic wastes. India nearly pumps 0.6 million tons of plastic per year. According to central pollution control board [CPCB] the plastic wastes generated will be about 15,342.6 tonnes per day. These plastic wastes cause a great harm to the environment and their surroundings. So it is very important to dispose of these wastes. The disposal of these wastes by the stabilization technique was cost effective and economical. This paper presents the stabilization of the sub grade soil by using plastic granules made from the plastic wastes. The plastic materials used for the stabilization are made by recycling the polypropylene plastic bags. Soil acts as a reinforcing material and resists the entry of water when mixed with varying proportions of plastic granules. As a result when the percentage of plastic increases, then the strength of the soil also gets increased with increase in plastic content.
InTlP — a proposed infrared detector material
In1−xTlxP is proposed as a promising material for infrared detectors. A number of key optical and structural properties are studied within local density‐functional theory. In1−xTlxP at x=0.67 and In1−xTlxAs at x=0.15 are estimated to have a gap of 0.1 eV. Their binding energies are larger than that of InSb, and they are found to form stable zinc‐blende alloys for all x. In1−xTlxP nearly lattice matches to InP, and offers the potential to integrate detector array and read‐out circuit.