Determination of Phase Transitions in Gutta-Percha by Differential Thermal Analysis
Pure gutta-percha was heat-treated in a differential thermal analyzer. The high melting form crystallized on cooling when gutta-percha was heated to 70 C or less. Above 74 C, crystallization into the low melting form predominated. Either polymorph can be selectively crystallized by control of the heat-treatment temperature before cooling.
Thermal Analysis of Dental Gutta Percha
A variety of materials have been used in the endodontic practice of dentistry as root canal filling materials.1–3 Only two, gutta-percha and silver points have survived the test of time. The introduction of gutta-percha to dentistry dates back to the middle of the nineteenth century,4 when Dr. Jose D’Almeida5 brought samples of gutta-percha to London’s Royal Asiatic Society in 1843. However, until recently very little work has been done to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of gutta-percha as used in dentistry.6–9
Atiyah's Introduction to the Law of Contract
1. Introduction 2. Definition and Classification PART I: FORMATION OF CONTRACTS 3. Offer and Acceptance 4. Beyond Offer and Acceptance: Formalities, Intent to Create Legal Relations, and Consideration PART II: THE CONTENT OF THE CONTRACT 5. Express Terms 6. Implied Terms 7. The Force and Scope of Contractual Obligations: Standards of Care, Mistake, Frustration, Breach, and Notice 8. Unenforceable Contracts and Terms PART III: EXCUSES FOR NON-PERFORMANCE 9. The Duty to Disclose Material Facts 10. Misrepresentation 11. Duress and Undue Influence 12. Unfair Contracts PART IV: ENFORCING THE CONTRACT 13. Third Party Rights 14. Remedies For Breach of Contract