DEL "DESCONTROL" DE LA PRODUCCIÓN NORMATIVA EN MATERIA DE CONTRATACIÓN PÚBLICA EN COLOMBIA* THE "CHAOS" OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT LEGISLATION IN COLOMBIA
this article presents a reflection on the effects resulting from the dysfunction in issuing rules on public procurement in colombia. a reflection which, concentrated on the analysis of the activities of auditing contracts, seeks to demonstrate how regulatory dysfunctions interfere from achieving adequate standards of efficiency in the development of the civil service. also, this article, reflecting on the practical implications of the dysfunctions of regulatory, tries to put in evidence that, contrary to what the colombian government sustains, the rules of public procurement are not clear and have multiple inconsistencies that contribute to inefficiency in the performance of public management.
Costos de construcción y su aplicación óptima en los ejercicios de la ingeniería civil en Colombia
Este articulo presenta una vision de los problemas que actualmente incurren en el ejercicio de la ingenieria civil en el tema de la contratacion en Colombia, que por falta de leyes, organizacion, coherencia, emprendimiento y etica profesional, causa conflictos en la planeacion, ejecucion y operacion de los proyectos. Algunos aspectos, detallados en el cuerpo de este articulo, no se tienen en la cuenta al momento de efectuar los costos de construccion, obteniendo un presupuesto que no es el suficiente para cubrir los gastos de los proyectos o para generar alguna utilidad del valor agregado que todo profesional en ingenieria civil debe tener. 
El profesional puede tomar como apoyo este documento para entender la importancia de pagar o cobrar el precio adecuado en los ejercicios de la ingenieria, aportando al desarrollo de la profesion y mejorando la calidad de la contratacion en Colombia.
Protection of the Marine Environment: The International and National Regulation of Deep Seabed Mining Activities
This chapter provides an overview of the international and national regulatory framework pertaining to deep seabed mining activities. It begins by discussing the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, the backdrop for all marine activities – be they national or international – and examines the obligations of states to protect the marine environment from the harmful effects arising from deep seabed mining. Next, the chapter examines the international regime for deep seabed mining (i.e. “activities in the Area”), explaining the “common heritage of mankind” status of the Area (i.e. the international seabed); the functions of the International Seabed Authority (ISA), the international organization established to govern deep seabed mining in the Area; and the concept of state sponsorship of non-state entities (i.e. private actors) for deep seabed mining in the Area. The chapter follows with a discussion of the development of national legislation to regulate deep seabed mining, examining efforts in the Pacific region where many prospective deep-sea mining sites are located. This includes a look at the legislative regimes of several Pacific Island nations, namely, Papua New Guinea, Tonga and the Cook Islands, for whom deep seabed mining may soon become a reality – as well as New Zealand and Japan, countries with comparatively developed rule of law and legislative regimes that have undertaken or considered deep seabed mining in their national waters. Overall, the chapter critically describes and evaluates the current regulatory status in the international and national seabed areas and highlights some salient gaps that require urgent attention in order to ensure marine environmental protection and mitigate impacts on humans.