Apparatus for calibration of a uroflowmeter.
A device has been constructed in order to obtain a flow analogous with the flow during micturition. Sources of error with instruments used in connection with micturition analysis can be determined by using this apparatus.
A simple uroflowmeter tester.
A simple device for testing urine flowmeters is described. It is made from readily available components and is portable, easy to use, and requires no special care in setting up. The flow rate is accurate to within 0.5 ml/s. Nursing staff are now able to do regular calibration checks on the urine flowmeters and some flowmeter deficiencies have been exposed. Using the tester, examples of artefactual peak flow rates have been recorded.
Geomagnetic Polarity Epochs: Sierra Nevada Data, 3
Available paleomagnetic and radiometric results for about 60 igneous rocks 3.6 m.y. old or less are consistent with the following geomagnetic polarity epoch time scale: Brunhes normal polarity epoch, 0.0 to 0.85±0.15 million years; Matuyama reversed polarity epoch, 0.85±0.15 to 2.4±0.1 million years; Gauss normal polarity epoch, 2.4±0.1 to 3.35±0.1 million years; Gilbert reversed polarity epoch, 3.35±0.1 million years to (?). A brief interval of normal polarity (the Olduvai event) occurs within the Matuyama reversed epoch at about 1.9 m.y., and a brief interval of reversed polarity (the Mammoth event) occurs within the Gauss normal epoch at about 3.06 m.y. Data for twelve units from eastern California and Nevada, reported here for the first time, are particularly useful in defining the Gauss-Gilbert boundary and for recognizing the Mammoth event.