Natural arylterpenes and their biological activity
Information on naturally occurring aromatic mono-, sesqui-, and diterpenes was systematized. The types of their biological activity and possible practical applications were described. Possible synthetic pathways to the most important terpenes were examined.
A New Pyrrole Alkaloid from Leccinum Extremiorientale
One new pyrrole alkaloid 2-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]acetic acid (1), together with two known ones, 4-[2-formyl-5-(methoxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanoic acid (2) and 4-[2-formyl-5- (hydroxymethyl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl]butanoic acid (3), were isolated from the fruiting bodies of Leccinum extremiorientale for the first time. Their structures were identified on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy as well as MS.
Study on essential drug use status and its influencing factors among cerebral infarction inpatients in county level hospitals of Anhui Province, China
Background and purpose Drug costs is one of the main components of hospitalization expenditure for cerebral infarction inpatients. In China, the National Essential Medicine System (NEMS) was created to relieve the heavy drug-cost burden for patients. The objective of this study was to investigate essential drug-use status and its influencing factors among cerebral infarction inpatients in county-level hospitals of Anhui province, China. Methods Three county-level hospitals were selected through a multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The hospitalization cost data of cerebral infarction inpatients in the three hospitals were extracted from the Anhui provincial information platform of the New Rural Cooperative Insurance System (NCMS), and whether the proportion of essential drug cost in the total drug cost reached the median value of 33.05% which was set as the evaluation index for essential drug-use status. Questionnaires for hospitals and physicians were designed and given to them to assess influencing factors. Results We retrieved the cost data of 2,189 inpatients from the NCMS platform and investigated 51 corresponding physicians in total. The drug costs accounted for 52.6% of the total hospitalization cost, and essential drug costs alone accounted for 37.0% of the total drug costs. The essential drug-cost proportion was high among physicians with a higher recognition degree on NEMS, older age, lower final academic degree, longer work experience and lower professional title. Married physicians and those with tight organizational affiliation also prescribed more essential drugs. Conclusions Increasing the proportion of essential drugs was an effective way to reduce the disease burden for cerebral infarction patients. Perfecting the NEMS, increasing government investment, reinforcing education and propaganda, and formulating relevant incentive and restrictive mechanisms were all effective ways to promote and increase the number of essential drug prescriptions written by physicians.