The influence of micro coolers on the physical-mechanical characteristics of the steels used in making railway monoblock wheels
Original scientific paper The paper introduces the possibilities of improving mechanical characteristics of the steels used in making railway monoblock wheels, by using micro coolers on steel casting. The laboratory experiments are aimed at studying the control of round cross-section steel ingot solidification by adding crystallization germs in their central area, in order to influence the internal structure and the mechanical characteristics of the steel. The stimulation of heterogeneous germination on the surfaces generated by the particles introduced in the center of the ingot, while it was in a liquid state, leads to the formation of a second solidification front and heat absorption in this area. The data we obtained during the research have been processed in Excel, in order to obtain the correlation equations that express the variation of the steel mechanical characteristics as a function of the chemical structure both for the experimental samples and for the reference ones.
Resurfacing monoblock of steel R7T wheel rims (MBW) for the train wagons
One of the most important things concerning the usage of the railroad trains and wagons is the monoblock R7T quality wheel. The maintenance of the wheel so far is based mostly on the mechanical processing of the wheel, which can be done two or three times during its lifetime. Such maintenance is uneconomical procedure. In order to decrease the metal waste due to the machining process, as well as achieving the desired rim profile and the contact surface area, it is more reasonable to perform the resurface the monoblock wheel rim. The Figure 1 shows the material loss during the nowadays maintenance process, and the Table 1 represents Chemical compound, and the mechanical characteristics of the R7T monoblock wheel quality are given in the Table 2. Taking into consideration possible cracks beneath the resurfaced area, one of the biggest mistakes, they can be eliminated by the limiting the number of the resurfacing processes, maximum 3 times, as well as the strictly defined technological procedure, defined in this research paper, and by that we extend the usage of the monoblock wheel from 1 to 2 times. The aim of this research paper is to examine and define a new technological procedure by resurfacing worn R7T monoblock wheel rim, reaching the satisfied level of liability, economical justification and doable even in the regular workshops for the maintenance of the wheels. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Women's health in prison: urgent need for improvement in gender equity and social justice.
The needs of women held in detention have received little attention and con-tinue to be neglected by health systems and prison authorities. One reason for this, too readily accepted until now, is that women prisoners are a clear minor-ity group within prisons all over the world. It is only recently that attention has been drawn to the fact that a minor-ity status does not justify the widespread ignorance of women’s basic rights and the considerable gender insensitivity still dominating criminal justice systems.In Europe alone, there are about 100 000 women and girls in prison.