The Civil War and the Refugee Crisis in Liberia
On the eve of the twenty-first century, one of the greatest challenges and troubling phenomena facing the world is an increasing number of refugees, of whom there are about 18 million. The refugee problem has recently assumed international significance due to exploding refugee population movements. The global refugee problem is a subject of international concern as it affects Africa, Asia, Latin America, Europe, and North America. It is a particularly serious problem in Africa where the refugee population on the continent represents about 50 percent of the world's refugees, surpassing even the population of some individual African nations. In Sub-Saharan Africa, Mozambique, Angola, Sudan, Ethiopia, Somalia, Rwanda, and Liberia have generated the largest numbers of refugees.
Entre souveraineté copartagée et coopération conditionnelle : le GEMAP au Liberia
Cet article souhaite examiner la reconstruction de l'Etat du Liberia par les acteurs externes et propose d'analyser en particulier le Programme d'assistance a la gouvernance et a la gestion de l'economie (GEMAP). Ce programme repose sur des cosignatures par des experts internationaux pour des depenses etatiques. L'argument soutenu ici est que le Liberia se trouve dans une situation paradoxale, a mi-chemin entre une cooperation conditionnelle et une cosouverainete avec ses partenaires internationaux qui n'est ni volontaire, ni clairement imposee. Pour comprendre ce phenomene, l'auteure adopte un cadre theorique base sur la path dependency . Cet article etudie donc le fondement et le fonctionnement du GEMAP afi n d'illustrer ce propos.
Global Refugee Policy: The Case for a Development-Oriented Strategy
An overview of the global refugee situation and the problems involved in an effective international response is provided in this Public Issues paper. The 1st part of the paper reviews the international definition of a refugee the issues created by it and its implications for assistance activities. A discussion of estimates of future refugee movements is included. Information is then provided on the current number location and origin of the worlds refugees. The history of international responses to refugees the major organizational components of the current international apparatus and some of the problems involved in reorienting refugee strategies are traced. The multilateral organizations (UN and League of Nations) intergovernmental organizations created by and separate from the UN and League individual nations and national and international voluntary organizations have been and continue to be involved in these efforts. There is general but not universal acceptance of the international nature and of and responsibility for refugees but the approach of temporary mandates remains. Funding is insecure. Problems of definition and strategies seem bounded by the European experience. Suggestions for change need to take this complexity and this legacy into account. A development-oriented strategy for refugees requires a rechanneling of funds and increased coordination of refugees and development agencies. Attempts to redefine a refugee will most likely continue. Whatever the definition it should be clearly recognized that refugee status is conferred by asylum governments. A different approach to legitimating efforts on behalf of refugees is the attempt at agreement on the rights of asylum.