Method of evaluation of process of red blood cell sedimentation based on photometry of droplet samples
The paper focuses on research aimed at creating and testing a new approach to evaluate the processes of aggregation and sedimentation of red blood cells for purpose of its use in clinical laboratory diagnostics. The proposed method is based on photometric analysis of blood sample formed as a sessile drop. The results of clinical approbation of this method are given in the paper. Analysis of the processes occurring in the sample in the form of sessile drop during the process of blood cells sedimentation is described. The results of experimental studies to evaluate the effect of the droplet sample focusing properties on light radiation transmittance are presented. It is shown that this method significantly reduces the sample volume and provides sufficiently high sensitivity to the studied processes.
Light scattering in disperse layers with a high concentration of optically soft particles
A model describing the propagation of radiation in disperse close-packed layers of optically soft particles is proposed. The model is based on the radiative transfer equation used for describing a light field in the multiple scattering regime and on the interference approximation for describing collective scattering effects; it also takes into account the Fresnel reflection at the layer boundaries. To describe the single-scattering characteristics, the Mie formulas are used. The model allows one to consider scattering in layers of any optical thickness. Calculations of the angular structure of the radiation leaving the layer and estimates of the errors of the calculations were performed. The possibility of forming a maximum at small scattering angles in media with correlated particles is shown. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the available experimental data.
National guideline for the management of anogenital warts. Clinical Effectiveness Group (Association of Genitourinary Medicine and the Medical Society for the Study of Venereal Diseases).
Anogenital warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) of which over 90 genotypes have been identified. The mode of transmission is most often by sexual contact but may be transmitted perinatally and from digital lesions usually in children. There is no good evidence of transmission from fomites. Most anogenital warts are benign and caused by types 6 and 11. Some lesions may contain oncogenic types associated with genital tract dysplasia and cancers. Anogenital warts are the 'tip of the iceberg' of genital infection with HPV, for example in the USA it has been estimated that there is an annual incidence of 1% of the adult population but many more people without warts have subclinical disease or latent infection.