Mathematics Education in Spain and Portugal
Spain 
Elena Ausejo 
 
This section offers a brief overview of Spanish mathematics education over the last two centuries, in the context of the educational system as a whole, which in turn depended to a very large extent on the country’s political and economic circumstances. Although political instability delayed the regulation of secondary education in Spain until 1836, the syllabi of 1845 and 1857 set up the basic structure throughout the nineteenth century. The country developed a system for preparing mathematics teachers that was relatively demanding – above all with respect to mathematical knowledge – and absorbed international experience through translations of textbooks. Later, Spain took part in the principal international movements in mathematics education, becoming involved in the ICMI and the reform movements of the 1950s–1970s.
A avaliação da experiência de Matemática Moderna nos liceus portugueses
Uma avaliacao inedita da experiencia de introducao da Matematica Moderna nos liceus portugueses iniciada em 1963 e discutida neste artigo e confrontada com outros documentos da epoca, alguns tambem ineditos. As limitacoes da avaliacao sao discutidas e enquadram-se as reacoes negativas dos responsaveis pela experiencia numa mudanca de objetivos para a reforma, que, a partir de 1968 se dirige a generalidade dos alunos e nao apenas a um grupo selecionado.
RDF Keyword Search based on Keywords-To-SPARQL Translation
In this paper, we present a summary of our work on RDF keyword search. Given a set of keywords, our method automatically generates a set of candidate SPARQL queries, and their natural language description, to be evaluated on the RDF data graph. We discuss our approach, highlighting current and future directions.