Two Noucentistes: Eugeni d'Ors and Pompeu Fabra
Abstract Eugeni d'Ors's novel La Ben Plantada exemplifies the political and aesthetic doctrines of Noucentisme. Many of the same qualities are found in Pompeu Fabra's creation of a normalized Catalan language. Both Ors and Fabra sought to create a culture that would be open to new developments and also solidly rooted in Catalan tradition. Although Ors's novel now belongs to the past, the language Fabra helped to recreate retains all its vitality.
Creating a literature: Mistral and Modern Provençal
proper context for Mistral’s poetry is surely nineteenth-century French literature and historiography rather than writing in Modern Provenqal, limited both in range and in quantity, or the poetry of the troubadours, which has little relevance to his work. Conversely, our understanding of nineteenth-century French literature remains incomplete without some attention to regionalist literary movements, of which the F61ibrige, the movement Mistral founded, is by far the most important. Its importance is not limited to France; the most recent edition of The Oxford Companion to English Literature reminds us that the F61ibrige ’has served as an inspiration to a number of more recent movements favouring dispossessed languages and cultures’. For the French Romantics, language and nationality were inseparably linked. Michelet asserts near the beginning of the Tableau de la France that forms Book 3 of his Histoire de France that ’la langue est le signe principal d’une nationalite.’2 For Mistral, too, ’uno lengo ... es lou retra de tout un pople, es la Biblo de soun istbri, lou
The Tsadik and His Soul’s Sparks: From Kabbalah to Hasidism
The present study shows the continuity between the Safedian Kabbalistic view of the relations between the sparks of a certain soul, and the Hasidic theory, that was conceived of as innovated by and characteristic of 18th century Hasidism, as to the responsibility of the Tsadik for the sparks that belongs to his soul. In the two literatures, the rescue of a spark of one's soul is related to the beautiful captive woman that is conceived of as an externalization of an inner dimension of the righteous person, immersed in a shell.