Zero Width Glass Cutting with CO 2 Laser
Laser cutting of glass in not a novel technique, excellent results have already been achieved by various research institutes. There are several patents concerned with controlled cutting of glass with zero width and other brittle materials in a straight line using CO2 laser beam. Laser beam glass cutting produces a high quality cut edge with minimal microcracking. This is achieved using a controlled cleaving of glass through a combination of heating and cooling. Laser separation of glass with zero width can be summarised by the following steps:
Laser separation of flat glass in electronic-, optic-, display-, and bio-industry (Invited Paper)
Up until now, conventional cutting methods by using metal or diamond wheels have been widely in use in numerous glass industries. Along with the market trend towards clean and more sophisticated process, constraints by the traditional methods have been unavoidable. Hence, laser separation is seen as an alternative and breakthrough solution to many and in this paper, an overview on laser separation as a whole is provided in terms of its process theories and its system as process equipment. Also glass application varieties as well as market requirements are discussed.
The peculiar thermo-structural behavior of the anionic lipid DMPG.
Aqueous dispersions of the anionic phospholipid dimyristoyl phosphatidylglycerol (DMPG), around 100 mM ionic strength, are known to exhibit a thermal behavior similar to that of the largely studied lipid dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC), which undergoes a gel to liquid crystalline phase transition at 23 degrees C, well characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and other methods. However, at low ionic strength, DMPG has been shown to present a large gel-fluid transition region, ranging from 18 to 35 degrees C. This intermediate phase is optically transparent and characterized by a continuous change in membrane packing. Structural properties of the DMPG gel-fluid transition region will be discussed, based on results obtained by several techniques: electron spin resonance (ESR) of spin labels at the membrane surface and intercalated at different depths in the bilayer; light scattering; DSC; small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS); and fluorescence spectroscopy of probes in the bilayer.