A Management approach for interdisciplinary Research networks in a knowledge-based Society - Case study of the cluster of Excellence ""Integrative Production technology for high-wage countries
Due to globalisation, innovations in low-wage countries take place in increasingly faster cycles for several years. By this means, the pressure on high-wage countries rises in order to keep up their knowledge advantage within diverse branches. Because of the fact that new knowledge is established more and more among interfaces of various disciplines, different demands arise with regard to an adequate institutional framework. Thus, the nationwide initiation of so-called Clusters of Excellence in Germany can be classified as a measure which has the target to support innovation activities within knowledge intensive networks. However, highly complex and heterogeneous research networks are in need of an appropriate management approach which supports the cross linking of various disciplines and increases the scientific output, but a corresponding approach is not established yet. Therefore, the so-called Cross Sectional Processes in the Cluster of Excellence `Integrative Production Technology for High-Wage Countries' at RWTH Aachen University, Germany, aim at creating management approaches to fit the needs of huge, heterogeneous, highly complex and dynamic research clusters. Moreover, the aim of the investigations is to design, implement and evaluate a management approach transferable to similar clusters and networks in future in order to foster interdisciplinary innovation activities in networks.
Managing interdisciplinary research clusters
The complexity and dynamicity of interdisciplinary research clusters requires an efficient management in order to ensure a good performance. Therefore, this paper presents an iterative regulatory process for managing interdisciplinary research clusters which has been implemented at the two clusters of excellence at RWTH Aachen University. Thereby, an annual evaluation of the cluster performance through a cluster-specific employee survey forms the basis for the derivation and implementation of different measures. By evaluating the performance again, the loop of organizational learning starts anew. As one example of these measures, the colloquia of employees are described in further details because the adaptation and optimization of concepts illustrate the effects of the continuous improvement. Furthermore, the general performance development of the cluster was analyzed to show the comprehensive effects of the regulatory process.
Evaluation of Lapping Grains based on Shape Characteristics.
The shape and size of abrasive grains during lapping varies complicately and irregularly. In this study, the aspect ratio of grain size and the fractal dimension of the grain external form were used as shape characteristics of grain in order to evaluate grains with lapping time. The results obtained are summarized as follows : (1)The fractal dimension increases due to microscopic fracture and decreases due to macroscopic fracture or attritious wear. (2)The aspect ratio and the fractal dimension, which are grain shape characteristicsis of the macroscopic shape and the microscopic surface complication of grain respectively, can be used for evaluating grain shape variation during lapping.