Hydrogen-bonding patterns in 5-fluorocytosine–melamine co-crystal (4/1)
The asymmetric unit of the title compound comprises two independent 5-fluorocytosine molecules and one half-molecule of melamine. The 5-fluorocytosine molecules are linked through two different homosynthons; one is formed via a pair of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and the second via a pair of N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds. The 5-fluorocytosine and melamine molecules interact via N—H⋯O, N—H⋯N and N—H⋯O, N—H⋯N, C—H⋯F hydrogen bonds.
Crystal structure and hydrogen-bonding patterns in 5-fluorocytosinium picrate
In the crystal, the 5FC+ cation interacts with the PA− anion through three-centre N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming two conjoined rings having (6) and (6) motifs, and is extended by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯O interactions into a two-dimensional sheet structure lying parallel to (001). Also present in the crystal structure are weak C—F⋯π interactions.
Effects of the mineral phase and valence of vanadium on vanadium extraction from stone coal
The influence of roasting on the leaching rate and valence of vanadium was evaluated during vanadium extraction from stone coal. Vanadium in stone coal is hard to be leached and the leaching rate is less than 10% when the raw ore is leached by 4 mol/L H2SO4 at 90°C for 2 h. After the sample is roasted at 900°C for 2 h, the leaching rate of vanadium reaches the maximum, and more than 70% of vanadium can be leached. The crystal of vanadium-bearing mica minerals decomposes and the content of V(V) increases with the rise of roasting temperature from 600 to 900°C, therefore the leaching rate of vanadium increases significantly with the decomposition of the mica minerals. Some new phases, anorthite for example, form when the roasting temperature reaches 1000°C. A part of vanadium may be enwrapped in the sintered materials and newly formed phases, which may impede the oxidation of low valent vanadium and make the leaching rate of vanadium drop dramatically. The leaching rate of vanadium is not only determined by the valence state of vanadium but also controlled by the decomposition of vanadium-bearing minerals and the existence state of vanadium to a large extent.