Environment and Hybrid Influences on Rapid-Visco-Analysis Flour Properties of Food-Grade Grain Sorghum
Grain processors would benefi t from informa- tion about the production environment and the infl uences of the sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) hybrid on food-grade fl our proper- ties. The objective of this study was to deter- mine the effects of environment and hybrid on rapid-visco-analysis (RVA) fl our properties of commercially available food-grade sorghum. A randomized complete block experiment was planted in 12 environments, which included the 2004 and 2005 growing seasons and irrigated and dryland water regimes in eastern, central, and west central Nebraska, and a dryland, low-N environment in eastern Nebraska. The environment accounted for 71-85% of the total variation in RVA parameters, while the hybrid accounted for 11-23% and the environment- by-hybrid interaction, 1-3%. Unfortunately, the results of this experiment suggest that it is dif- fi cult to predict the effect that environment will have on resulting sorghum-fl our parameters. Although of secondary importance in terms of total variation in sorghum-fl our RVA properties, the choice of hybrid predictably and signifi - cantly contributes to sorghum-starch viscosity properties. Food-grade hybrids were grouped based on viscosity properties into those best suited for dry-mill and alkaline-cooked prod- ucts (Asgrow Orbit; Sorghum Partners NK1486) and those best suited for porridge, consumable alcohol, and ethanol production (Kelly Green Seeds KG6902; NC+ Hybrids 7W92; Asgrow Eclipse; and Fontanelle W-1000). These results were consistent with those previously reported for grain density.
Potential use of GGE bi-plot analysis to evaluate white sorghum grain attributes for end uses.
Genotype (G) and environment (E) interaction effects for grain quality are important to processors of white sorghum grain. The objective of this study was to analyze the genotype plus genotype-by-environment interaction effect (GGE) for grain attributes of 11white-grained sorghum G produced in 12 E in Nebraska. Environments included combinations of 4 locations, and two years, water regimes and N levels. GGE analysis can help processors of sorghum grain by selection of G and E to meet kernel mass, starch concentration and viscosity desired for different uses since GGE accounted for 18 to 23% of total variation, but not for yield and hardness since GGE accounted for < 5% of total variation. Heavy kernel mass sorghum grain would be best using Pioneer 84Y00 or Dekalb DK41-44 produced at Mead. Fontanelle W-1000, Kelly Green Seeds KG6902 and Asgrow Eclipse would produce high starch concentrations in environments with adequate N supply. Macia produced high peak and soft final viscosities, and high peak temperatures. Asgrow Eclipse produced low peak and hard final viscosities, while NC+7W92 produced low peak time and pasting temperatures. Pioneer 84Y00was more stable than the other genotypes for kernel mass, high peak viscosity and final viscosity, while Asgrow Eclipse was more stable for low peak viscosity and peak time. GGE analysis can help processors in selection of the best production areas and genotypes for different end uses of sorghum grain, but is limited by the ability to characterize and control environments.
The camel in Somali oral traditions
The relationship between the camel and the Somali people has traditionally been reflected in Somalia's oral literary forms: Poems, proverbs, work songs, metaphores and tales of wisdom. The author h ...