A sample case of an advanced lighting system in a educational building
The paper describes a case history of an advanced lighting control system designed and realized for a couple of classrooms of the University of Rome. The control is organized by adopting a BUS system with "distributed intelligence" without a central and with smart actuators. The control turns on/off and regulates the lighting output of two classrooms, according to the actual presence of activities and to the actual availability of daylighting. A classroom was arranged with a light solution consisting in “on-off switching” control and not changing the luminaires, a second classroom was arranged with an advanced solution consisting in the replacement of the luminaires with a “dimming” control. A third class identical to the other two was taken as a reference to compare the results, in fact the architecture includes a supervisory system that allows a remote meter of the energetic values for the three classrooms. The paper shows the results of a year of monitoring campaign and compares the results with the energetic evaluation done by the a suggested tool based on the Standard EN15193 methodology.
The Model of HVAC's Control Technique Based on Occupancy in Smart Building for Energy Saving
Global warming has become an important problem because excessive energy use can increase CO2emissions. Building control techniques for energy saving have been performed using conventional and scheduling methods. Although building controls have been based on user schedules, both methods have disadvantages due to device automation based on the maximum occupancy in the room. Therefore, smart buildings have limitations to adapt to environmental alteration. We propose a model of control techniques based on user presence, location and the number of occupants in the room. The aim is to increase the energy efficiency in buildings. To evaluate our approach, we compared our model using conventional and scheduling method. This model shows 25 % and 16% potential energy savings respectively, whereas compared with the conventional and scheduling method.
The evolution of performance indicators for the evaluation of daylighting systems
The author reviews the development of performance indicators for the evaluation of daylighting systems. The comparative strengths and weaknesses of measures including the daylight factor, the glare index, the scalar illuminance, the illumination vector, and the ratio of the vertical illuminance to the horizontal illuminance are discussed.<<ETX>>