The gene pool of the Belgorod oblast population: II. “Family name portraits” in groups of districts with different degrees of subdivision and the role of migrations in their formation
AbstractThe frequencies and spectra of surnames have been analyzed in groups of raions (districts) of the Belgorod oblast (region) with different degrees of population subdivision. The “family name portraits” of districts with low (0.00003 < < f*r < 0.00022, 
$$\overline {f_r^ * } $$
 = 0.00015) and moderate (0.00023 < f*r < 0.00042, 
$$\overline {f_r^ * } $$
 = 0.00029) inbreeding levels are similar both to each other and to the “family name portrait” of the Belgorod oblast as a whole. Districts with high subdivision levels (0.00043 < f*r < 0.00125, 
$$\overline {f_r^ * } $$
 = 0.00072) had very distinctive surname spectra and the highest surname frequencies. Intense immigration to the Belgorod oblast significantly affects its population genetic structure, decreasing the population subdivision.
The gene pool of the Belgorod oblast population: I. Differentiation of all district populations based on anthroponymic data
The gene pool of the entire population of all the 21 raions (districts) of the Belgorod oblast (region) has been studied using anthroponymic data. Considerable geographic variations of the number of surnames and the degree of population subdivision (0.00003 < fr* < 0.00125) in the 21 districts have been demonstrated. Districts with low population subdivision levels are mainly located in the central and southwestern raions of the Belgorod oblast, contain an urbanized area (city), and border on Ukraine (they are characterized by a considerable Ukrainian immigration). Urbanization significantly affects the population structure of the Belgorod oblast. In urbanized districts, rural populations lack the relationships between the population size, number of surnames, and population subdivision level (fr).
[Meadow Maris: genes, surnames and migrations].
The matrices of genetic distances, calculated from the frequencies of surnames and the ABO, TF, GC, PI, HP, ACP1, and PGM1 genes, were compared with one another and with the migration matrix. The correlation coefficient between the "gene" and "surname" matrices was 0.71 +/- 0.35; other correlation coefficients were non-significant.