RF Separators and Separated Beams at SLAC
It has been shown that with momenta above -5 GeV/c, the only effective means of separation by particle mass in secondary beams is using RF deflectors. 192 Particle separation at proton synchrotrons requires the use of two RF deflectors. The beam structure at SLAC permits the use of a single deflector. second RFS to intercept the unwanted particles. For wanted particles the phase at the second RFS relative to that at the first is A& given in (4). The net deflection can range from Introduction
Microwave Separator for High Energy Particle Beams
This paper describes the design and construction of a microwave separator for high energy particle beams, following the original ideas of Panofsky and Wenzel. We used a TM012 rectangular cavity with a Q of 15 000 and a maximum power dissipation of 1.3 Mw (megawatts). With this we could deflect electrons of 150 Mev/c momentum through ¾ in. at the final focus of our analyzing magnet. The available aperture is so small that the technique is not immediately useful, but we anticipate that it may become so at higher energies, when other methods of beam separation become unfeasible.
The General Theory of Relativity
THE WORD “SPECIAL” IN “SPECIAL THEORY OF RELATIVITY” means that the theory is restricted to those frames of reference for which the law of inertia holds, that is, inertial frames of reference.* Einstein sometimes referred to them as Galilean frames of reference. At first glance, it does not seem reasonable to expect that the principle of relativity can be extended to non-inertial frames. The reasons are fairly obvious. The principle of relativity that we have been using states that the laws of physics have the same form in all frames of reference to which the principle applies. In other words there should be no way to determine by an experiment which of two frames of reference is in motion relative to the other.