Note: A new pest,Liriomyza trifolii, on cotton in the Büyük Menderes Valley, Turkey
The study was conducted to evaluateLiriomyza trifolii (Burgess) in the cotton fields of the Büyük Menderes Valley, Turkey, from 1999 to 2000. Leaves were sampled weekly from the middle of June to the middle of August and kept in the laboratory to observe emerging leafminers. Leafminers were initially found on cotton leaves from 35 to 66 days after sowing. The numbers of larval mines varied from one to four per leaf. The largest number of infested leaves was observed in Aydın (Center), where 18.8% and 17.7% of the sampled leaves were infested in 1999 and 2000, respectively. We conclude thatL. trifolii is a potential pest in the cotton fields of Turkey and more research is needed.
Effect of leaf miner feeding activity on the incidence of alternaria leaf blight lesions on muskmelon leaves
In laboratory experiments, exposure of muskmelon (Cucumis melo) leaves to adult female leaf miners (Liriomyza trifolii) before inoculation with Alternaria cucumerina significantly increased the incidence of Alternaria leaf blight lesions. Number of lesions increased with the number of female L. trifolii present, exposure time, and increased leaf wetness hours. Linear regression analyses indicated a high degree of significance (r 2 =0.80) when the number of leaf miner punctures per leaf was regressed on the number of lesions per leaf
Therapist-case managers: more than brokers of services.
For satisfactory adjustment into the community, the long-term patient often needs assistance in dealing with a bureaucracy of agencies and departments. Some professionals have suggested establishing the role of case manager, but the case manager system is susceptible to becoming an impersonal bureaucracy itself. The author suggests that case management functions are part of the normal duties of a conscientious therapist, and that only through significant therapeutic involvement does a case manager acquire the in-depth knowledge of the patient to adequately assess his needs and facilitate the processes for meeting them. Thus the case manager should be not simply an intermediate broker of services but the patient's primary therapist. With the "therapist-case manager," the functions of therapy and case management would be combined. If therapists fail to do case management or to treat long-term patients altogether, this problem should be dealt with directly rather than simply by adding another member to the team.