Characterization of the materials in golf ball construction for use in finite element analysis
The overall aim of the present work is to develop suitable material tests and use the acquired data to produce a fully validated finite element (FE) model that is capable of predicting hysteresis during cyclic loading as well as coefficient of restitution (COR) on high speed impacts. This paper reports the detailed experimental study that has been carried out in order to establish accurate and reliable material properties of a two-piece golf ball. The data has been used with FE package ABAQUS to produce a model of the ball which takes into account material heterogeneity. © 2009 Published by Elsevier Ltd. "
Modelling and simulation of the coefficient of restitution of the sliotar in hurling
The coefficient of restitution (COR) is one of the most important standards in all bat-and-ball sports to study the ball suitability and bouncing characteristics. Currently, a demand exists for an improved analytical model for computing the COR, particularly when a new material is introduced. A viscoelastic ball known as a sliotar is taken from the Irish bat-and-ball sport of hurling and used in this paper as a case study. For the theoretical approach, a modified Maxwell's viscoelastic model was used to derive an analytical formula to predict the COR. The developed formula confirms that the damping ratio and the dependency of the COR on the impact speed are the most dominant factors. A 3-dimensional finite element (FE) model was developed to simulate the sliotar impact test to estimate the COR, and to provide a simple tool for further studies on the sliotar. A high-speed camera was used to film the impact event to validate the models' behavior. The close correlation of 9% and 5% between the experimental and the developed analytical and FE models, respectively, indicates that the developed models can successfully identify the COR of the ball in the game of hurling and similar bat-and-ball sports.
Self-assembly of pyridinium-tailored anthracene amphiphiles into supramolecular hydrogels.
The mixing of a polyacid cross-linker with a pyridinium-functionalized anthracene amphiphile afforded a supramolecular hydrogel through a self-assembly process that was primarily driven by π-stacking and electrostatic interactions.