Study on the influences of the tool wear upon the change of chip type
This paper analyzes force received by chip in process of machining the stainless steel 1Cr18Ni9Ti. The force state was analyzed respectively when cutting edge wear, groove wear, boundary wear of the minor cutting edge and the groove wear occurred. Based on analyzing the effects of cutting force changes on chip type, the effect law of tool wear upon the changes of chip type was obtained. Cutting experiments were carried out and the high-speed camera and the piezoelectric force measurement instrument were used to obtain cutting force data to verify the influences of tool wear on the changes of chip type. The research results provide the theoretical foundation for solving the key technical problems of tool breakage in the automated production.
Study on Chip Generating, Curling and Breaking
In this paper the law of chip formation, distortion and breaking for metal cutting are investigated, the affecting factors in chip forming and the formulas are discussed,and the foundation of the chip shape control and the machining process simulation are provided.
VLA stereoscopy of solar active regions. 2: Altitude, relative motion, and center-to-limb darkening of 20 centimeter emission
A newly developed method of stereoscopic correlation is applied to solar radio maps at a wavelength of 20 cm. On the basis of stereoscopic correlations between radio maps obtained on 6 different days we establish the presence of 66 radio source components associated with 22 active regions. We find the following statistical results for active region source structures at 20 cm: 1. The observed lifetime is consistent with an exponential distribution having an e-folding time scale of greater than 18 days. 2. The average altitude of 20 cm sources is 25 +/- 15 Mm; 90% of the sources are found in heights less than 40 Mm. 3. The average diameter of discrete source structures is 48 +/- 15 Mm, implying a vertical/horizontal aspect ratio of q(sub A) approx. = 0.5. 4. No significant source motion has been found with respect to the standard differential rotation rate of Omega = 13.45 deg - ((3 deg (sin(exp 2)B)). 5. We find a statistical limb darkening, which can be described by the relation (T(sub B)(alpha))/T(sub B)(0)) = 0.4 + ((0.6(cos(exp 2) alpha)) for sources with T(sub B) greater than 0.5 MK. 6. The degree of source polarization is 15% +/- 10% and is independent of source location. 7. Bright sources (greater than or approximately equal to 0.5 MK), or equivalently, long-lived sources (greater than or approximately equal to 5 days) show a systematic variation of their altitude as function of the center-limb distance.