Evaluation of the safety of domestic food preparation in Malaysia.
Food-handling practices were studied in 119 and 158 households, respectively, in an urban and a rural community in Peninsular Malaysia. Hazard analyses, including microbiological analysis of foods, were carried out in two households in each community and in a house that prepared food for distribution in the urban area. Kitchen hygiene was generally acceptable, although rated "poor" in some instances in the rural area. Food prepared for lunch was usually sufficient for dinner also, the leftover items being stored at ambient temperature until required. In the house that prepared food for distribution, breakfast was prepared during the evening, stored at ambient temperature overnight, and reheated before sale the next morning. There was a local preference for cooking food at temperatures close to boiling point; this reduced the numbers of vegetative cells but not those of spores. In some stored foods the populations of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and mesophilic aerobic bacteria increased, the last-mentioned reaching spoilage levels. Reheating reduced the populations of proliferating bacteria in most foods to acceptable levels but would not have destroyed heat-resistant enterotoxins. Because of their importance in combating acute bacterial foodborne disease, the control of the temperature and time factors during the cooking and storage of food should receive special attention in education on health and food safety.
Critical control points for foods prepared in households in which babies had salmonellosis
Abstract Sixteen babies undergoing rehydration therapy were examined for enteric pathogens. Salmonella agona was isolated from four, Salmonella enteritidis from two, Shigella boydii from one: neither Campylobacter nor Yersinia were recovered from any of the babies. Three households in which Salmonella group B ( S. agona ) was isolated from the babies were selected for hazard analysis of food preparation practices. In one house, S. agona was recovered from the feces of the mother and grandmother of the baby and from a kitchen knife, a blender, malagueta (spice) used to favor milk, a mop and flies. All foods were cooked to 100° C, and many were eaten a short time afterwards. Some foods were held at ambient room temperature until the arrival of an absent family member or kept overnight. During the holding interval large numbers of microorganisms accumulated in the foods, often exceeding 10 7 /g. Bacillus cereus was recovered from 7 of 16 samples of cooked foods. A sample of ‘moro’ (rice and beans mixture) had a count of 1.5 × 10 6 /g 5 h after cooking. Fecal coliforms were isolated from 11 of 12 foods samples; six samples of milk exceeded 10 5 /g. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 11 samples; a sample of milk had a count >10 5 /g. Critical control points for milk formula were heating, holding after heating, cleaning and disinfecting bottles, nipples and pans used to store milk, and utensils used to dispense the milk.
Struggles for Visibility
This article addresses the ways in which terrorists are rendered visible in the news media. By studying images used in coverage of terrorists, the article focuses on the visual construction of this figure, which symbolizes the public’s notion of the “enemy”, in terms of specific attacks and the general threat thereof as well as terrorist actors, networks, and ideologies. The article takes its point of departure in the assumption that two visual forms are prevalent for representing terrorists in the news media, “surveillance representations” and “self-representations”. Based on this assumption, the article is guided by a principal research question, namely: How are terrorists made visible in the news media through surveillance representations and self-representations and what are the prevalent genres for visually representing terrorist actors? The article draws on a theoretical framework concerning the news media’s propensity to personalize the terrorist and the mediated visibility of terrorists. Empirically, the article is based on a quantitative content analysis of coverage of terrorism by Danish public service broadcasters DR and TV2 in 2016 to provide an overview of the proportions between surveillance representations and self-representations and develop a typology of the most widespread genres: ID photography, surveillance footage, selfies and similar, and private snapshots.