Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Media on Various Hard-Disk Substrates
Co-Cr perpendicular media on rigid substrates were studied. We used untextured glass substrates for perpendicular magnetic hard disks, but the reproduced output at short wavelengths was influenced by the surface roughness of the magnetic recording media. We therefore fabricated Co-Cr perpendicular hard disk media deposited onto different substrates: untextured glass, silicon single crystal, chemically textured alumite, and Mn-Zn ferrite. We compared these substrates with respect to their crystallographic properties, head-to-medium spacing, and record/playback characteristics.
Spin alignment of surface oxidized CoxNi1–x/Cu(001)
We investigated the ferromagnetic (FM)/antiferromagnetic (AF) spin alignment of a 13 monolayer oxidized CoxNi1–x/Cu(001) (x = 0 or 0.05) surface by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism and X-ray magnetic linear dichroism photoemission electron microscopy (XMCD-PEEM and XMLD-PEEM). Surface NiO and the underlying Ni (CoxNi1–x) were found to be AF and FM by analyzing the gray scale of XMLD-PEEM and XMCD-PEEM images; this indicates the spin orientation with respect to the polarization of the incident X-ray. We found both collinear and perpendicular alignment of the FM and AF spins. This suggests that the AF NiO is magnetically random, resulting in coercivity enhancement without exchange bias in the surface-oxidized CoxNi1–x/Cu(001) films.
Developers of the hepatitis B vaccine.
air at VA facilities, one of the many pieces of unfinished business beyond those major issues that we discussed in our Commentary. We agree that all facilities where current and past military personnel serve and receive treatment should be 100% smoke-free and note the recent Institute of Medicine report Combating Tobacco in Military and Veteran Populations. The report, which was commissioned by the Department of Defense (DOD) in 2007, calls for the DOD to set a timeline to eliminate smoking on military installations. The report also recommends that the DOD stop selling tobacco products in military commissaries and exchanges, prohibit tobacco use anywhere on military installations, and treat tobacco use in the same way as other health-related behaviors, such as alcohol abuse and poor physical fitness. We join Matthews and the Institute of Medicine in urging the VA and the DOD to take more immediate steps to protect the health of the men and women who serve in the armed services, as well as the civilians (such as Dr Matthews) working to serve them.