Poland's Enterprise Environment - A Polish View
The paper briefly presents environment for business in Poland as of the end of the year 2005. A few comments, however, on its evolution in the course of the transition period are also made. The paper broaches administrative, legal and financial requirements to start and run business activities by both natural and legal persons. In addition, it presents government support schemes for investors. A brief description of the scope of the grey economy and corruption completes the picture of the business environment. The topic has been approached from the foreign investors perspective. Although foreign in-vestors are subject to the same laws as domestic (Polish) ones, in a limited number of cases they are treated differently than the latter. These cases, and specifically land purchase and employment of foreign citizens, are reviewed.
Barriers to Entry and their Impact on Private Sector Growth in Poland
At the beginning of transition Poland was already far ahead of other former socialist countries with regard to the role of the private sector in the economy. For example, Polish farmers were never deprived of their land, as it was the rule in other countries under the communist regime.1 With 4 million people self-employed and employed in private farms Poland was unique amongst countries embarking on the road from a “planned” to a market economy. Outside agriculture, a further 1.8 million people worked in private companies, constituting 13.3% of employment in non-agricultural enterprises.
Die wisselwerking tussen ekonomiese en konstitusionele hervormings in Suid‐Afrika
Abstract This article deals with the interplay between economic and constitutional reforms in South Africa. Historical and contemporary forces which obtain in these spheres are taken into consideration after which a number of conclusions are drawn.