Survival of the Protection Model? Competing Goals in Belgian Juvenile Justice
Belgium is a small (with a surface of 32.545 km2) but well-situated country in the northwest of Europe. It consists of over 10 million citizens (10,396,421 on 1 January 2004) of whom 6 million live in the Northern, Dutch-speaking part (Flanders), almost 3.4 million in the Southern, mostly French-speaking part and close to 1 million in the region of Brussels (bilingual). As in other European countries, families in Belgium are becoming smaller and smaller. The fertility rate is 1.56 children per woman. So Belgium is faced with an aging population, 15% of whom are older than 65. The portion of juveniles (0–19 years) has diminished from 24.6% in 1990 to 22.4% in 2003 and the prognosis is a further decrease to 20.2% in 2021 (VRIND, 2003). On 1 January 2004 Belgium consisted of approximately 875,000 juveniles aged 12–17,1 almost half a million of them live in the Flemish region, more than 300,000 in the Walloon part and over 75,000 in the region of Brussels.2
Restorative justice in context : international practice and directions
Contents 1 Multi-problem violent youth: a challenge for the restorative justice paradigm, Raymond Corrado, Irwin M. Cohen and Candice Odgers 2 Making variation a virtue: evaluating the potential and limits of restorative justice, Kathleen Daly 3 New developments in restorative justice to handle family violence, Britta Bannenberg and Dieter Rossner 4 Conflict resolution and peer mediation: a pilot programme in Munich secondary schools, Susanne Nothhafft 5 How restorative justice is able to transcend the prison walls: a discussion of the project 'restorative detention', Luc Robert and Tony Peters 6 Victims of severe violence in dialogue with the offender: key principles, practices, outcomes, and implications, Mark Umbreit, William Bradshaw and Robert B. Coates 7 Corporations, crime and restorative justice, Marianne LA schnig-Gspandl 8 Restorative justice and corporate regulation, John Braithwaite 9Confession, apology, repentance, and settlement out-of-court inthe Japanese criminal justice system - is Japan a model of'restorative justice'?, Toshio Yoshida 10 Legal rules and safeguards within Belgian mediation practices for juveniles, Els Dumortier 11 Reoffending after victim-offender mediation in juvenile court proceedings, Dieter DA lling and Arthur Hartmann 12 Captains of restorative justice: experience, legitimacy and recidivism by type of offence, Lawrence W. Sherman and Heather Strang, together with Daniel Woods 13 Ways of knowing for a restorative world view, Barb Toews Shenk and Howard Zehr 14 Within or outside the system? Restorative justice attempts and the danger of cooptation, Thomas Trenczek 15 Zero tolerance criminal policy and restorative justice: a hidden link?, Peter LindstrA m 16 Problem oriented policing in the context of restorative justice, Elmar G. M. Weitekamp, Hans-JA rgen Kerner and Ulrike Meier Index
MDCT angiography of mesenteric bypass surgery for the treatment of chronic mesenteric ischemia.
OBJECTIVE
Chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) is a serious condition that requires surgical or endovascular intervention. Surgical revascularization for the treatment of CMI uses different operative techniques including endarterectomy, vessel reimplantation, and mesenteric bypass. A basic understanding of the operative techniques is essential for the adequate interpretation of imaging studies in patients who have undergone surgery for CMI. In this article, we review the different operative techniques used in the treatment of CMI, discuss the results of surgical intervention for CMI, and illustrate how MDCT angiography (MDCTA) can be used for follow-up and for the detection of early and late complications after surgery.


CONCLUSION
MDCTA is a powerful tool for the postoperative evaluation of patients with CMI. Early detection of graft dysfunction is critical to prevent graft occlusion and the development of potentially fatal mesenteric ischemia. MDCTA can detect early and late complications after surgery and guide additional surgical or endovascular interventions.