Managerial Perceptions of Two Appraisal Systems
In a longitudinal study of employee reactions to two types of appraisal systems, employee attitudes towards their appraisal system, job, supervisor, company, frequency and quality of feedback, and compensational and promotional policies are compared under the traditional trait approach and the more objective results-oriented approach.
Effectiveness of Performance Appraisal: An Integrated Framework Abstract Based on a robust analysis of the existing literature on performance appraisal (PA), this paper makes a case for an integrated framework of effectiveness of performance appraisal (EPA)
Based on a robust analysis of the existing literature on performance appraisal (PA), this paper makes a case for an integrated framework of effectiveness of performance appraisal (EPA). To achieve this, it draws on the expanded view of measurement criteria of EPA, i.e., purposefulness, fairness, and accuracy, and identifies their relationships with ratee reactions. The analysis reveals that the expanded view of purposefulness includes more theoretical anchors for the purposes of PA and relates to various aspects of human resource functions, e.g., feedback and goal-orientation. The expansion in the PA fairness criterion suggests certain newly established nomological networks, which were ignored in the past, e.g., the relationship between distributive fairness and organization-referenced outcomes. Further, refinements in PA accuracy reveal a more comprehensive categorization of rating biases. Coherence amongst measurement criteria has resulted in a ratee reactions-based integrated framework, which should be useful for both researchers and practitioners.
Influence of filler addition, storage medium and evaluation time on biaxial flexure strength and modulus of adhesive systems
Abstract Objective. This study evaluated the effects of filler addition, storage medium and time on biaxial flexural strength and flexural modulus of six adhesive systems. Materials and methods. The adhesives were either unfilled resins: Single Bond, Prime&Bond 2.1 and One-Step; or filled resins: Single Bond Plus, Prime&Bond NT and One-Step Plus. Resin discs of each product (0.5 mm thick × 6.0 mm diameter) were prepared using silicon molds (n = 10). The discs were stored dry, in water, mineral oil or ethanol for 1 week or 3 months before biaxial flexural testing. Data were statistically analyzed by 3-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test (α = 0.05). The specimens were tested in a universal testing machine at 1.27 mm/min until failure occurred. Results. In general, the storage in ethanol led to significantly lower flexural strength and flexural modulus values than the other storage conditions for all adhesives in both storage periods. Filler addition increased flexural strength and flexural modulus for Prime&Bond NT, when it was stored dry or in water for 1 week. For Single Bond Plus, the filler addition resulted in higher flexural modulus, when it was stored for 1 week in oil and in ethanol. No significant differences in flexural modulus were observed between One-Step and One-Step Plus in any storage medium. Conclusions. Results suggested that filler addition does not necessarily have to increase the flexural strength and flexural modulus. Ethanol and oil storages tended to yield opposite effects.