A NEW STATISTICAL METHOD OF ESTIMATING SURFACE RADIANCES FROM CORRESPONDING SATELLITE WINDOW-CHANNEL RADIANCES
Abstract Stepwise linear regressions for the specification of blackbody surface radiances are computed using a set of 103 model atmospheres chosen originally by Wark et al. and the corresponding simulated values of Nimbus 2 window-channel (10–11 µ) radiances. Two stratifications are considered: (a) precipitable water vapor, u>1, and (b) u<1 gm cm–2. For each of five zenith angles considered, significant contributions are made in both regression formulas by inclusion of parameters representing the radiative transfer effects of water vapor and ozone. This regression formulation makes use of empirically derived expressions related to these effects over long atmospheric paths. The specification of the sample of surface radiances is in accordance with a multiple correlation coefficient, exceeding 0.990 and 0.995 in the respective stratifications. Corrections for atmospheric effects to be applied to Nimbus 2 window-channel radiances in estimating the corresponding surface values are displayed in nomogramic as w...
a Numerical Procedure for Computation of Outgoing Terrestrial Flux Based upon the Elsasser-Culbertson Model with Tests Applied to Model-Atmosphere Soundings
Support by the Navy Weather Research Facility, and Naval Air Systems Command Project Famos is gratefully acknowledged.
Evaluation of buckling load and dynamic performance of steel shear wall retrofitted with strips made of shape memory alloy
One of the most imperfections of the steel shear wall is out of plane displacements that cause severe damage in both structural and non-structural elements. In this paper, the effects of shape-memory alloys on steel shear walls are investigated. First, a numerical analysis using the finite element method in ABAQUS software has been carried out according to an experimental test. The results of the numerical analysis have been verified with experimental results. Next, shape-memory alloy fibers have been added vertically and horizontally to various parts of the steel shear wall. The results show that retrofitting with the shape-memory alloy reduces the out-of-plane displacement of the steel shear wall under both cyclic and seismic loadings. Besides, the buckling load in the steel shear wall increases when it is retrofitted with the shape-memory alloy. Also, the total out-of-plane movement (accumulated absolute displacements) of the steel shear wall and non-structural damage are controlled by the characteristic of a shape-memory alloy material called “super-elastic”.