Parliament on the Centre-Right, Government on the Left: Explaining Basque Exceptionalism
The Autonomous Elections of 2009 entailed a large change in Basque politics, given that the PNV, the party that had been governing the Basque institutions continuously since 1980, was removed from power by the PSE–EE. However, the Basques did not vote very differently compared to other elections, the majority voting for nationalist parties, as it has been doing since 1980, and for centre-right parties, as it had done at the beginning of the autonomy and as of 2001. In this article, we aim to explain how, despite this clear tendency towards nationalism and the centre-right, a leftist and non-nationalist party is currently governing in the Basque Country.
Political Cleavages in the Basque Country: Meaning and Salience
The Basque party system has typically been described as organized along two cross-cutting cleavages: a nationalist struggle and a less salient class conflict. While there is consensus on the nature of the nationalist division, what remains of the historical class cleavage is unclear. Two competing hypotheses on the nature of the class cleavage are put forward: the class cleavage has ‘realigned’ along the new social classes of post-industrial society, and the class cleavage is best understood as a ‘frozen’ cleavage. It is shown that the freezing hypothesis best captures the nature of the class cleavage in the Basque Country today, and that once ‘left’ and ‘right’ are understood along these lines, the nationalist cleavage becomes more salient.
Adrenocorticotropin insensitivity syndromes.
I. Introduction II. Familial Glucocorticoid Deficiency A. Clinical presentation B. Investigation C. Treatment D. Pathogenesis III. Triple A Syndrome A. Clinical features B. Treatment C. Pathogenesis D. Mapping of triple A syndrome gene E. Candidate genes IV. Acquired ACTH Resistance V. Conclusions