A new eco-friendly defatting process of peanuts by mechanical expression preserving structure integrity (MEPSI)
This article represents a scientific approach to the environment-friendly and energy saving processes which incited us to develop a new efficient, healthy, economical and less polluting defatting process. In this paper, mechanical oil extraction was conducted on peanuts by preserving their structure integrity and the process was followed by a quantitative and qualitative study on the physicochemical properties of the defatted grains in order to investigate the best extraction parameters. The described extraction process coupled to a reconstitution process by Intensification of Vaporization by Decompression to the Vacuum (IVDV) showed that the optimal conditions are 5% d.b. initial water content, 2 days at 4°C of homogenization period, pressing at around 10 MPa (at room temperature) for 3 to 4 min most preferably at a compression speed of 8mm/sec, using the appropriate process modification to avoid structure damages and loss of deteriorated seeds, then reconstituting by IVDV with a pressure of 0.9MPa applied for 10 sec on hydrated peanuts to 10% d.b.
Oil extractability from enzymatically treated soybean and sunflower: range of operational variables
Abstract An evaluation of the feasibility of enzymatically treating oil seeds (soya beans and sunflower kernels) to improve the extractability of oil is presented. The effects of each variable affecting the process (mechanical treatment, moisture percentage, enzyme concentration and time of hydrolysis) were studied to define the optimum range of operation for each of them as a function of the extractability of samples treated with different enzyme formulations. Size reduction of the seeds favours the efficiency of the enzymatic treatment related to oil extractability. For a fixed particle size, moisture contents of 60 and 40% selected for soybean and sunflower respectively, regardless of the kind of enzyme, are suitable to efficiently increase the extractability of the seed. The enzyme/seed ratio is dependent on the formulation. Time of hydrolysis must also be optimized to avoid long reaction times which do not result in notable increases in the amount of recovered oil.
Mineral element analyses of various tropical forages in Guatemala and their relationship to soil concentrations
Determination de la composition minerale de differents fourrages dans 3 regions d'elevage du Guatemala et etude des relations entre la chimie des sols et la composition minerale des fourrages