Reliability design of bolt fatigue strength of hollow axle in cylinder of ball grinder
As to the connecting bolt of hollow axle in cylinder of ball grinder, its failure and stress distribution was analyzed, and its load distribution was calculated. As a result, the calculation method of reliable degree of fatigue strength was obtained. It is proved by an example that the method is reliable and has applying value.
An experimental investigation of the static and fatigue fracture behaviour of hybrid composite/metal joints for a tilting car body
The hybrid composite joint structures considered in this work, for application in a tilting railroad car body, are subjected to shear and bending loads. Two types of the joint specimens were fabricated and tested under both static and fatigue conditions: a hybrid bolted-joint specimen subjected to a shear loads, and a hybrid beam-joint specimen for the bending tests. The fracture behaviours of these specimens under static loads were different from those under cyclic loads. For the hybrid bolted-joint specimens, static shear loads caused a pure shear fracture in the bolt pin body itself. However, cyclic fatigue shear loads brought about an opening-mode fracture at the local site of the bolt which was the valley of the screwed region of the bolt pin and/or the perpendicularly angled region between the bolt head and the pin body. On the other hand, for the hybrid beam-joint specimens, static bending loads caused shear deformation and fracture in the honeycomb core region, while fatigue cyclic bend loading caused delamination along the interface between the composite skin and the honeycomb core, and/or caused a fracture in the welded part jointed with the steel under-frame. These fracture behaviours could arise in other industrial hybrid joints with similar sub-structures, and were used in developing a design parameter to improve a hybrid joint structure.
A Direct analysis of elastic contact using super elements
Solutions to contact problems are important in mechanical as well as in civil engineering, and even for the most simple problems there is still a need for research results. In the present paper we suggest an alternative finite element procedure and by examples show the need for more knowledge related to the compliance of contact surfaces. The most simple solutions are named Hertz solutions from 1882, and we use some of these solutions for comparison with our finite element results. As a function of the total contact force we find the size of the contact area, the distribution of the contact pressure, and the contact compliance. In models of finite size the compliance depends on the flexibility of the total model, including the boundary condition of the model, and therefore disagreement with the locally based analytical models is expected and found. With computational contact mechanics we can solve more advanced contact problems and treat models that are closer to physical reality. The finite element method is widely used and solutions are obtained by incrementation and/or iteration for these non-linear problems with unknown boundary conditions. Still with these advanced tools the solution is difficult because of extreme sensitivity. Here we present a direct analysis of elastic contact without incrementation and iteration, and the procedure is based on a finite element super element technique. This means that the contacting bodies can be analyzed independently, and are only coupled through a direct analysis with low order super element stiffness matrices. The examples of the present paper are restricted to axisymmetric problems with isotropic, elastic materials and excluding friction. Direct extensions to cases of non-isotropy, including laminates, and to plane and general 3D models are possible.