A REVIEW OF SULPHUR IN COAL: WITH SPECIFIC REFERENCE TO THE TELKWA DEPOSIT, NORTH-WESTERN BRITISH COLUMBIA
The Jura-Cretaceous coal seams of the Currier, Mist Mountain, &thing and Gates formations generally formed in delta or strand plain environments with little marine influence. The sulphur contents of coal from these formations is therefore generally low, nearly always less than I % and often less than 0.5 %. Coalbearing formations of the Cretaceous Nanaimo and Skeena groups were deposited in coastal areas with more marine influence. Consequently sulphur contents are more variable and tend to be higher. It is therefore important to study aspects of sulphur in Cretaceous coal seams such as the seams in the Skeena Group at Telkwa (Figure I).
Characterization and Washability of Pyrite in High Sulphur Coals from Tabas , Iran
Environmentally and technologically sulphur is a deleterious constitute in coal which makes it unsuitable for use in metallurgical industries unless the sulphur level can be reduced to the tolerable limit. Characterization of the various forms of sulphur and their associations in coal is an essential issue to find and propose a suitable desulphurization method. In this research, to evaluate sulphur washability characteristics and its removal potential of two high sulphur mines of Tabas region namely Mehr Azin and Takht Zeitoon was investigated using sink-float, microscopical and analytical analyses. The distribution, shape and concentrations of different forms of inorganic sulphur in the coals were studied using mineralogical analyses. Sink-float analyses were carried out using zinc chloride solutions having the densities of 1.3 to 1.8 g/cm in the size fractions of the Parvardeh Coal Washing Plant i.e. -0.5 mm (flotation feed) and 0.5-25 mm (heavy media cyclone feed). The concentration and forms of sulphur were also determined using chemical methods. Results showed that a significant part of the pyrite present in both Mehr Azin and Takht Zeitoon coals were in close association with the organic structure of coal and is difficult to be separated by physical methods. However, about 40% of Mehr Azin pyrite and 30% of Takht Zeitoon pyrite were liberated at the coarse fraction which might be eliminated easily by physical methods. Mineralogical studies revealed that pyrite occurs as finely disseminated, framboidal and coarse particles in the matrix of macerals for both Mehr Azin and Takht Zeitoon coal mines.
Nietzsche: Philosopher, Psychologist, Antichrist
This classic is the benchmark against which all modern books about Nietzsche are measured. When Walter Kaufmann wrote it in the immediate aftermath of World War II, most scholars outside Germany viewed Nietzsche as part madman, part proto-Nazi, and almost wholly unphilosophical. Kaufmann rehabilitated Nietzsche nearly single-handedly, presenting his works as one of the great achievements of Western philosophy. Responding to the powerful myths and countermyths that had sprung up around Nietzsche, Kaufmann offered a patient, evenhanded account of his life and works, and of the uses and abuses to which subsequent generations had put his ideas.Without ignoring or downplaying the ugliness of many of Nietzsche's proclamations, he set them in the context of his work as a whole and of the counterexamples yielded by a responsible reading of his books. More positively, he presented Nietzsche's ideas about power as one of the great accomplishments of modern philosophy, arguing that his conception of the "will to power" was not a crude apology for ruthless self-assertion but must be linked to Nietzsche's equally profound ideas about sublimation.He also presented Nietzsche as a pioneer of modern psychology and argued that a key to understanding his overall philosophy is to see it as a reaction against Christianity. Many scholars in the past half century have taken issue with some of Kaufmann's interpretations, but the book ranks as one of the most influential accounts ever written of any major Western thinker.