Copper-ion solid-state battery systems involving sulphonium iodide electrolytes
THE past 10 years has seen a considerable interest in solid-state battery systems involving electrolytes based on silver iodide1–3. Studies of electrolytes involving organic sulphonium iodides in conjunction with silver iodide have been reported3,5–9, but recently the possibility of using cuprous ions to replace silver ions as the mobile species has attracted attention, because of the potential advantage of lower cost and higher voltage. We report here the results of our investigations of sulphonium iodide–cuprous iodide electrolytes.
Solid-state ionics-solid electrolyte cells with copper ion conductors
A solid electrolyte cell has been developed using a high copper ion conductivity solid electrolyte, 7CuBr·C6H12N4CH3Br, a copper anode, and a chalcogen cathode. The open-circuit voltages of the cells with sulphur, selenium, and tellurium as cathode materials were 0·448, 0·373, and 0·258 V, respectively, at 25° C. These cells yielded a current of several tens of microamperes at room temperature and several milliamperes at 114° C without appreciable polarization. An energy density of 4.5 Wh kg−1 at room temperature was evaluated from the weights of the electrolyte and electrode materials for the cell using a selenium cathode in the discharge current density range 60–150μA cm−2.
An experimental characterization of roll hemming process
Roll hemming is analyzed for flat surface-straight edge sheets to illustrate how defects and forces behave. The analysis of defects is carried out trough illustrative models to emphasize the main variables of the process. A testing rig to investigate the process is designed and built. Experimental tests are carried out to measure how forces influence final quality part and the experimental data is analyzed and discussed to relate it with main parameters and defects.