PROVINCIAL VENTURE CAPITAL CORPORATIONS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
ABSTRACT Addressing a growing need, Provincial Venture Capital Corporations (PVCCs) constitute a dynamic, distinctive and significant segment of the Canadian venture-capital industry. All provinces are now offering their respective programs to encourage the formation of PVCCs, so this article reviews the purpose and evolution of these programs and compares their various structures and regulations. Their overall performance and outlook are analyzed, and recommendations seeking to encourage the further development of PVCCs are presented.
GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED VENTURE-CAPITAL PROGRAMS: SURVEY RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
ABSTRACT Government sponsored programs designed to increase the supply of venture capital to small and medium-sized enterprises have proliferated recently in provincial jurisdictions. A survey, conducted by the authors, of program administrators and of venture-capital corporations created under the programs attempts to evaluate the effectiveness of these programs in meeting their numerous objectives. This article reviews the results of this survey.
Hapten inhibition of passive antidextran dextran anaphylaxis in guinea pigs. Role of molecular size in anaphylactogenicity and precipitability of dextran fractions.
High titred antidextran antisera have been raised in rabbits by prolonged immunization with soluble conjugates between isomaltose oligosaccharides or dextran mw 4,400 and bovine serum albumin in complete Freund’s adjuvant. Guinea pigs sensitized with such antisera exhibited anaphylactic shock on i.v. challenge with fractions of hydrolyzed B512 dextran. The severity of anaphylaxis depended on the amount of sensitizing antibody and the dose and molecular size of the challenging dextran fraction. In maximally sensitized animals, fractions of mw 3,600 or larger were anaphylactogenic and smaller molecular size fractions were nonanaphylactogenic. In submaximally sensitized animals, dextran fractions of mw 10,500 or less were foundnonanaphylactogenic. In addition, nonanaphylactogenic dextran fractions produced desensitization, i.e. protection from anaphylaxis due to subsequent or simultaneous injection of more high molecular and anaphylactogenic dextran fractions. When the molar ratio in a mixture of nonanaphylactogenic/anaphylactogenic fractions was about 7.6, protection was complete with reduction of mortality from 100 to 0%. A molar ratio of 1.9, corresponding to a 13-percent by weight admixture of nonanaphylactogenic dextran, still significantly reduced mortality from 100 to 50%. From the ability to form precipitates with antidextrans and to elicit anaphylaxis in sensitized guinea pigs, and from the absence of these properties, the approximate molecular size range of bivalent and monovalent dextran B512 fractions was found to correspond to mw 3,600 and mw 1,430, respectively. The practical applicability of hapten inhibition is discussed.