Secure Real-Time Monitoring and Management of Smart Distribution Grid Using Shared Cellular Networks
Electricity production and distribution is facing two major changes. First, production is shifting from classical energy sources such as coal and nuclear power toward renewable resources such as solar and wind. Second, consumption in the low voltage grid is expected to grow significantly due to the expected introduction of electrical vehicles. The first step toward more efficient operational capabilities is to introduce an observability of the distribution system and allow for leveraging the flexibility of end connection points with manageable consumption, generation, and storage capabilities. Thanks to advanced measurement devices, management framework, and secure communication infrastructure developed in the FP7 SUNSEED project, the distribution system operator (DSO) now has full observability of the energy flows in the medium/low voltage grid. Furthermore, the prosumers are able to participate pro-actively and coordinate with the DSO and other stakeholders in the grid. The monitoring and management functionalities have strong requirements for communication latency, reliability, and security. This article presents novel solutions and analyses of these aspects for the SUNSEED scenario, where smart grid ICT solutions are pr
LTE Delay Assessment for Real-Time Management of Future Smart Grids
This study investigates the feasibility of using Long Term Evolution (LTE) cellular networks for the real-time smart grid state estimation. The smart grid state estimation requires measurement reports from different nodes installed in the smart grid. Therefore, the uplink LTE radio delay performance is selected as key performance indicator for the collection of the desired measurements. The analysis is conducted for two types of measurement nodes, namely Smart Meters (SMs) and Wide Area Monitoring and Supervision (WAMS) nodes, installed in the (future) smart grids. The SM and WAMS measurements are fundamental input for the real-time state estimation of the smart grid. The LTE delay evaluation approach is performed via ‘snap-shot’ system level simulations of an LTE system where the physical resource allocation, modulation and coding scheme selection and retransmissions are modelled. The impact on the LTE delay is analyzed for two different LTE resource allocation approaches, namely, simple random scheduler with fixed LTE physical resource allocation per user, and time-based LTE scheduler with flexible LTE physical resource allocation per user. The results show that time-delay prioritized scheduling in combination with flexible PRB assignment greatly reduces the maximum delay when compared to simple random scheduling and fixed PRB assignment. This type of scheduling approach and flexible PRB allocation is recommended for supporting time critical smart grid applications within LTE.
Mean field model of a game for power
Abstract Our aim is to model a game for power (equivalent to total energy) as a dynamical process, where an excess of power possessed by a player allows him to gain even more power. Such a positive feedback is often termed as the Matthew effect. Analytical and numerical methods allow to identify a set of stationary states, i.e. fixed points of the model dynamics. The positions of the unstable fixed points give an insight on the basins of attraction of the stable fixed points. The results are interpreted in terms of modeling of coercive power.