Anomalous Seismo-Electromagnetic Emission Related with Seismic Waves
This paper reports the rare high intensity electromagnetic pulses associated with earthquakes, with different to atmospherics spectrum signature. On the base of actual data records, the cases of generation of anomalous seismo-electromagnetic emission founded. These natural sub-millisecond electromagnetic pulses have been associated with passage of seismic waves through the place of electromagnetic field observations. The waveform, spectrum and time characteristics of sub-millisecond electromagnetic pulses have been described. The deeper the source the lower frequencies can be observed in the spectrum on the surface.
Airborne electronic equipment immunity to the very low frequency electromagnetic field influence (civil aviation standards problems)
Airborne electronic equipment reliable operation is critical in ensuring flight safety. The civil aviation RTCA/DO-160E and EUROCAE/ED-14E standard procedures and environmental test criteria for testing airborne equipment aimed on the aircraft onboard electromagnetic emission sources. Taking in an account the possibility of external very low frequency electromagnetic field influence on the electronic onboard equipment it is possible to find a number of severe problems. Analyses of unspecified frequency bands and requirements for the testing aircraft electronic onboard equipment were conducted in this paper.
Inference and Evidence in Archaeology: A Discussion of the Conceptual Problems
Publisher Summary This chapter dicsusses the general features of scientific inference and explains the way inference has been discussed by archaeologists. It presents an explication of current problems in the various areas: (1) the justification of archaeological conclusions, (2) the concepts of archaeological evidence, and (3) the undeveloped relations between archaeological theory and archaeological evidence. The chapter defines these problems and explains the way to resolve them. To resolve many of the problems surrounding uncertain links between inference and evidence, archaeologists should develop a rigorous model that specifies the way information about the past is transmitted to the present via material remains. The chapter presents the structure of such a model. However, establishing relevant data to support conclusions about past phenomena is only part of the overall process of generating archaeological knowledge. Some of the processes responsible for producing the material remains that archaeologists manipulate in assembling evidence to support claims about past phenomena are described in the chapter.