RAM Air and Wind Energy harvesting survey for Electrical Vehicles and transportation
This paper presents a survey on how the implementation of RAM Air/Wind Energy has the potential to become a feasible energy source by extending the range traveled for electric cars, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), trucks, and rail transports. Through the concepts of the Venturi Effect, the Bernoulli Principle, and the application of RAT in the aviation system, the main goal will be achieved. In due course, RAM Air/Wind Energy will bring about the future of electrical transportation.
A study on the modeling of static pressure distribution of wet gas in Venturi
A model for gas–liquid annular and stratified flow through a standard Venturi meter is investigated, using the two-phase hydrokinetics theory. The one-dimensional momentum equation for gas has been solved in the axial direction of Venturi meters, taking into consideration the factors including the void fraction, the friction between the two phases and the entrainment in the gas core. The distribution of wet gas static pressure between the two pressure tapings of the Venturi meters has been modeled in the pressure range of 0.1–0.6 MPa. Compared with the experimental data, all the relative deviations of the predicted points by the model were within ±15%. As the model is less dependent on the specific empirical apparatus and data, it provides the basis for further establishing a flow measurement model of wet gas which will produce fewer biases in results when it is extrapolated. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 699–708, 2015
Numerical tools applied to power reactor noise analysis
In order to be able to calculate the space- and frequency-dependent neutron noise in real inhomogeneous systems in two-group theory, a code was developed for the calculation of the Green's function (dynamic transfer function) of such systems. This paper reports on the development as well as the test and application of the numerical tools employed. The code that was developed yields the space-dependence of the fluctuations of the neutron flux induced by fluctuating properties of the medium in the two-group diffusion approximation and in a two-dimensional representation of heterogeneous systems, for both critical systems and non-critical systems with an external source. Some applications of these tools to power reactor noise analysis are then described, including the unfolding of the parameters of the noise source from the induced neutron noise, measured at a few discrete locations throughout the core. Other concrete applications concern the study of the space-dependence of the Decay Ratio in Boiling Water Reactors, the noise-based estimation of the Moderator Temperature Coefficient of reactivity in Pressurized Water Reactors, the modeling of the beam- and shell-mode core-barrel vibrations in Pressurized Water Reactors, and the investigation of the validity of the point-kinetic approximation in subcritical systems driven by an external source. In most of these applications, calculations performed using the code are compared with at-power plant measurements. Power reactor noise analysis applications of the above type, i.e. core monitoring without disturbing plant operation, is of particular interest in the framework of the extensive program of power uprates worldwide.