Investigation of Heat Dissipation of Power Cable Laid in the Tunnel with Ventilation
To increase the current carrying capacity of the power cable, more and more power tunnel are installed with ventilation. Hence in the paper the heat dissipation of power cable is investigated. Firstly the model to calculate the thermal field of power cable with natural ventilation is presented based on the fluid mechanics and heat transfer, and the governing equations and boundary conditions are inferred. Then the thermal field for six-loop cables in power tunnel was calculated, which verified the accuracy of the model. In addition, the factors influencing the thermal field with ventilation is investigated, including the size of the power tunnel, the distance between the cable. Finally the current carrying capacity of the power cable is calculated and the economic benefit of the operation mode of power cable is analyzed.
Research and Application of Online Temperature and Load Monitoring for Power Cables
Research progress on online temperature and load monitoring for power cables inland and overseas is reviewed, and the theories and techniques used to calculate the core temperature by that on cable surface or insulation surface are analyzed. Application instances overseas presented show the importance to carry out the online temperature monitoring for power cables, especially the high and super-high voltage ones, so as to know the running condition of cables and guarantee operation safety, and to carry out appropriate load scheduling. It also provides successful operating experiences for power departments in China.
Pig Vocalizations Under Selected Husbandry Practices
Acoustical characteristics of vocalizations of sows, piglets, and nursery pigs under selected husbandry practices were analyzed with a digital signal processing system. The duration (D) and major energy-resonance frequency (P) for each call were determined as follows: a) processing of piglets (D = 0.81 s and f* = 3 700 Hz); b) food anticipation of breeding-gest ation sows (2.50 s and 3 000 Hz); c) isolation of piglet (0.34 s and 500, 3 500 Hz); d) startling of nursery pigs (0.29 s and 900 Hz); e) sows in heat (3.07 s and 1 375 Hz); f) farrowing (0.10 s and 3 000 Hz); g) sow nursing (0.15 s and 1 000 Hz); and h) mate greeting of sow (0.13 s and 1 000 Hz). Calls a) to d) are responses to human generated stressors, and calls e) through h) responses to social and physiological states of the pigs. Thus, vocalizations can be segmented for different pig production situations.