A Performance Measure for Evaluating Aircraft Landing Trajectories
A general performance index is developed for evaluating aircraft landing trajectories. The primary term in the index is the effect of noise on people residing near the air terminal. Other terms included are passenger comfort, fuel consumed, and the time spent in the near-terminal area. Models are developed for aircraft engine noise, passenger comfort, the population distribution about a specific airport, and the aircraft flight behavior. While this performance index may be used in computing optimal trajectories, it is also useful for comparing nonoptimal trajectories which, for one reason or another, may be worthy of consideration. Some examples of such comparisons are included through simulations of landing. The aircraft considered is a Boeing 737.
An Aircraft Noise Pollution Model for Tra jectory Optimization
The mobility of our society makes effective and efficient operation of our air terminals a necessity. For this reason, landing trajectories must be optimized. One important factor in the performance index is aircraft noise received by people residing near the terminal. This paper develops a mathematical model of this noise effect so that it may be included in the performance index. The model yields the boundary on the ground inside of which the noise level is at or above 70 dB. This area can be weighted with the population density. The model compares very favorably with available data.
Body sculpturing.
Significant improvements in body contour can be accomplished by surgical procedures having reliable, predictable results. Similar to the modern sculptor of inanimate art forms, plastic surgeons have utilized new materials and devised new techniques to achieve aesthetic improvement of the face, trunk, and extremities. The goals of the surgical sculptor are perhaps more challenging than those of the pure artistic sculptor, not only because they must result in improved appearance but also because the surgeon is limited at all times by considerations of regional anatomy, the availability of viable tissue materials, and the safety of his patient.