Au-delà de Bologne, la question du « comment » financer l'enseignement supérieur européen persiste
The implementation of the Bologna reform, synonymous with degrees and programs harmonization, is now well advanced in most EU countries. However, beyond Bologna, numerous problems continue to haunt higher education. How to share the cost of higher education is one of them. In most European countries, public financing is dominant and is still perceived by many observers as the most legitimate model despite the fact that access remains largely inequitable, and in spite of the model’s growing inability to provide the financial resources needed to preserve quality and maintain Europe’s position in the world league. In this paper, we review the arguments traditionally set forth by economic theory to justify public funding. We try to assess their relevance given the early 21st century context characterizing French-Speaking Belgium and the EU.
La coordination locale du travail enseignant : une approche par le cadrage
Depuis les annees 1970, l'etablissement scolaire a ete caracterise comme une organisation faiblement articulee, dans laquelle le travail des enseignants est faiblement coordonne. Peu d'etudes se sont pourtant interessees aux variations locales des modes de coordination du travail enseignant, ainsi qu'a leurs sources et a leur nature. L'objet principal de cette recherche est de mieux comprendre le processus de coordination du travail enseignant au sein d'un etablissement d'enseignement primaire, a partir d'une approche socio-cognitive de la coordination du travail. Une etude longitudinale du processus de cadrage a ete realisee durant deux annees, de maniere a saisir les evolutions paralleles des structures cognitives des enseignants et des structures sociales au sein de l'etablissement.
Did the metamorphosis from Export Processing Zones to Special Economic Zones improve the efficiency of trade enclaves in India?
In this paper, the efficiency of seven conventional Special Economic Zones in India is analyzed, by adopting a stochastic production frontier technique, for the period between 1986–1987 and 2007–2008.Results indicate that although the efficiency scores of these enclaves have improved over the years, specifically with the introduction of the SEZ policy (2000–2001), it is far below the threshold level as identified in the literature. Besides, one can also observe a discrepancy emerging between better export earning zones and efficient zones. On the determinants side, policy intervention and large geographical area, accompanied by clustering of units, are found to have impacted the efficiency scores of these enclaves positively.