Real-time imaging and wavevector analyses of radio waves incident to electromagnetic absorbers
Radio waves incident to electromagnetic absorbers have been experimentally visualized for the first time, which has been accomplished by the real-time visualization method for high-frequency electric field distributions: the live electrooptic imaging technique. Imaged have been electromagnetic reflections, refractions, and standing wave formations at sheet absorbers as well as gradual variations of wave fronts at a ravine plane of pyramidal absorber. Their wave properties have been clarified qualitatively as well as quantitatively by experimental mapped wave vectors.
Experimental Visualizations and Wave Vector Characterizations of Bloch Functions in Microwave Metamaterial Structures
A novel experimental approach has been proposed and demonstrated to visualize and characterize Bloch functions in two-dimensional microwave metamaterial structures. Internal waves in the structures have been visualized by the live electrooptic imaging technique and their wave vectors have been analytically characterized via complex Fourier transforms of experimentally generated complex phasor images. In addition, the two constituents of Bloch functions, i.e., plane wave envelope functions and periodic functions, have been dissected visually and characterized individually. Intriguing comprehensions of Bloch functions in metamaterials have been unveiled by the wave vector distributions and wave-dissected images thus obtained.
Church, state and schools in Britain, 1800-1970
Originally published 1971, this volume unravels the complicated history of the religious question in British education. The background of the key Acts of Parliament which established the "dual" system - of Church and Local Authority school - is examined. The changing policies of different religious groupings are analyzed, and their outcome in legislation brought out.