Review of Human Rights under the Jordanian Constitution
This review aims to measure the reality of human rights under the Jordanian Constitution; human rights in Jordan are improving, since Jordan is considered one of the most democratic States in the Middle East. Human rights remain a subject of concern inside and outside any State. The review also intent to identify the Jordanian history, a review of its governmental structure, and the 1952 revision of the Jordanian Constitution with particular reference to human rights provisions. In addition to that, the review point to identify and analyze the Constitutionally-guaranteed human rights under the Jordanian Constitution. Jordan was one of the first States in the Middle East to establish a national human rights institution (NHRI) such as, The National Centre for Human Rights (NCHR), for that reason, the review will deliver in details the human rights institutions and the emergence of human rights in Jordan. The review also addresses the major International Conventions to which Jordan is a party.
Colonial Effects: The Making of National Identity in Jordan
IntroductionLaw, Military, and DisciplineTradition and ModernityHistorical MomentsPart I: Codifying the Nation: Law and the Articulation of National Identity in Jordan The Prehistory of Juridical PostcolonialityNational TimeNational SpaceNational Territory and PaternityNationalizing Non-NationalsLosing Nationality: The Law Giveth and the Law Taketh AwayWomen and ChildrenPart II: Different Spaces as Different Times: Law and Geography in Jordanian Nationalism Different Species of Citizens: Women and BedouinsBedouins and National CitizenshipNationalist Tribalism or Tribalist Nationalism: The DebateJordanian Culture in an International FrameWomen Between the Public and Private SpheresWomen in PublicWomen and PoliticsPart III: Cultural Syncretism or Colonial Mimic Men: Jordan's Bedouins and the Military Basis of National Identity The Bedouin ChoiceCultural Imperialism and DisciplineCultural Cross-Dressing as EpistemologyImperialism as EducatorMasculinity, Culture, and WomenTransforming the BedouinsPersuasion, Education, and SurveillancePart IV: Nationalizing the Military: Colonial Legacy as National Heritage Anticolonial Nationalism and the ArmyKing Husayn and the Nationalist OfficersClash of the Titans: Glubb Pasha and the Uneasy King"Arabizing" the Jordanian ArmyThe Palace Coup and the End of an EraPalace Repression and the Forgiving KingPalestinians and the MilitaryThreatening the Nation's Masculinity and Religious "Tradition"The Military and the New JordanColonial or National LegacyPart V: The Nation as an Elastic Entity: The Expansion and Contraction of Jordan Expanding the Nation: The Road to AnnexationThe Jericho ConferenceThe New JordanPalestinians and the West BankCompeting Representatives: The PLO and JordanToward Civil WarA New Nationalist EraClothes, Accents, and Football: Asserting Post-Civil War JordaniannessContracting the Nation: The Road to "The Severing of Ties"Who Is Jordanian?Concluding Remarks
Protection of the Marine Environment: The International and National Regulation of Deep Seabed Mining Activities
This chapter provides an overview of the international and national regulatory framework pertaining to deep seabed mining activities. It begins by discussing the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, the backdrop for all marine activities – be they national or international – and examines the obligations of states to protect the marine environment from the harmful effects arising from deep seabed mining. Next, the chapter examines the international regime for deep seabed mining (i.e. “activities in the Area”), explaining the “common heritage of mankind” status of the Area (i.e. the international seabed); the functions of the International Seabed Authority (ISA), the international organization established to govern deep seabed mining in the Area; and the concept of state sponsorship of non-state entities (i.e. private actors) for deep seabed mining in the Area. The chapter follows with a discussion of the development of national legislation to regulate deep seabed mining, examining efforts in the Pacific region where many prospective deep-sea mining sites are located. This includes a look at the legislative regimes of several Pacific Island nations, namely, Papua New Guinea, Tonga and the Cook Islands, for whom deep seabed mining may soon become a reality – as well as New Zealand and Japan, countries with comparatively developed rule of law and legislative regimes that have undertaken or considered deep seabed mining in their national waters. Overall, the chapter critically describes and evaluates the current regulatory status in the international and national seabed areas and highlights some salient gaps that require urgent attention in order to ensure marine environmental protection and mitigate impacts on humans.