Dangerous Words: Censorship in Public Schools
This essay discusses the problems raised by book challenges in the public schools and offers practical and philosophical responses to censorship. It also summarizes the legal history of book censorship in schools and libraries and provides a list of often challenged books that should be used in the classroom. We cannot protect our children from this world, which is a scary place. The only thing we can do is help them develop an inner strength to meet the inevitable challenges they will face. —Young Adult Novelist Katherine Paterson, Foerstal Interview, pp. 168-69. Imagine you are a new ninth-grade language arts teacher, fresh out of college, filled with big ideas, and inspired by the large number and wide variety of books for young adults. You assign your class a novel by well-known (and critically-acclaimed) young adult author Chris Crutcher, and everything seems to be going well. The students appear to like the book, the class discussions are lively, and you are certain you are teaching them about reading, interpretation, and argument. Best of all, students actually seem to be enjoying themselves. Then your principal calls you into her office, closes the door, and tells you there’s been a complaint by one of the parents—
Raising Historical Consciousness in the Novel “The Giver”, a Dystopic Work According to Social Studies Teacher Candidates
It is known that in many of the developed countries of the world, especially the U.S.A, educators benefit from dystopic works in education and training of the topics such as historical consciousness, metaphors, numbers, color perception and development of language. From this point forth, it can be suggested that dystopic works, as long as they are presented by expert trainers through correct methods and techniques, can provide great benefits for historical consciousness, cognitive, social and cultural development, and especially democratic awareness. The main purpose of this study is to draw attention on the significant contributions that dystopic works can make on historical consciousness and education. The survey is conducted within 2014-2015 academic year in Agri Ibrahim Cecen University Faculty of Education Department of Social Sciences Teaching (4th grade) and views of these participants on acquisition of historical consciousness through the novel “The Giver” are examined through qualitative research method. During the survey, while determining the students’ views, indications concerning the cover and content of the book, as well as the fiction, characterization and narration are obtained and exposed to content analysis. As a result of the survey, it is observed that dystopic works, especially “The Giver” can offer significant benefits for the acquisition of historical consciousness.
Fatigue effects on the coordinative pattern during cycling: kinetics and kinematics evaluation.
The aim of the present study was to analyze the net joint moment distribution, joint forces and kinematics during cycling to exhaustion. Right pedal forces and lower limb kinematics of ten cyclists were measured throughout a fatigue cycling test at 100% of PO(MAX). The absolute net joint moments, resultant force and kinematics were calculated for the hip, knee and ankle joint through inverse dynamics. The contribution of each joint to the total net joint moments was computed. Decreased pedaling cadence was observed followed by a decreased ankle moment contribution to the total joint moments in the end of the test. The total absolute joint moment, and the hip and knee moments has also increased with fatigue. Resultant force was increased, while kinematics has changed in the end of the test for hip, knee and ankle joints. Reduced ankle contribution to the total absolute joint moment combined with higher ankle force and changes in kinematics has indicated a different mechanical function for this joint. Kinetics and kinematics changes observed at hip and knee joint was expected due to their function as power sources. Kinematics changes would be explained as an attempt to overcome decreased contractile properties of muscles during fatigue.