Analysis on Dynamic Characteristics of Landscape Patterns in Hailer and around Areas
This paper analyzed the spatial-temporal dynamic changes of landscape patterns in Hailer and around areas. Firstly, landscape patterns types of research area were divided into water, sand, farmland, city and grassland based on remote sensing images of 1986, 1991, 1996 and 2001 and field investigation. Then the grassland was classified into higher coverage grassland, high coverage grassland, medium coverage grassland and low coverage grassland by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index. Finally, the spatial-temporal dynamic changes of above-mentioned eight kinds of landscape patterns were analyzed using landscape ecology principle. The results indicated that human activities intensified significant from 1986 to 2001in research area. The area of grassland landscape decreased quickly, and the fragmentation extent intensified. The dominant landscape in research area changed from higher-high coverage grassland to medium-low coverage grassland. The expansion of sand landscape is obvious in periphery of road, city and farmland. The grassland vegetation degenerated seriously. Fragmentation of city landscape lightened, and city landscape patches tended to decrease and centralized. Economy development pattern of research area is in a stage that is transforming from extensive pattern to intensive urbanization pattern.
Grassland deterioration in the source region of the Yangtze-Yellow rivers and integrated control of the ecological environment
Black Barren indicates seriously deteriorated alpine meadow.It is a comprehensive sign of ecological environment deterioration in the Yangtze-Yellow rivers source region.Climatic warming is the principal cause of deteriorated alpine meadow in this region,and excessive grassland utilization enhances the expansion and damage of the Black Barren.Four recommendations are made for changing excessive grassland utilization,i.e.to combine ecological control with grazing adjustment,to carry out integrated control in the base of small river valleys,to apply 3S technology for accurate planning,and to introduce key technologies.Fencing natural grassland,warm pen construction,establishment of perennial pastures,use of solar energy are key techniques to be introduced soon.
Impact of Qinghai-Xizang Highway on Land Use and Landscape Pattern Change: from Golmud to Tanggulashan Pass
Based on digital land use maps of l995, 2000 and road map of Resources andEnvironment Data Center of IGSNRR, CAS, the land use and landscape pattern change(LULPC) of Golmud, Qumaleb, Zhidoi are studied, in macro-scale, exerting AicGIS 8.l andlandscape ecology methods. LULPC of road buffer zones and the bound of construction landexpansion is stressed. The conclusions are given as follows:1. Prominent changes have takenplace in land use and landscape pattern from l995 to 2000. (a) Woodland area increased0.4%, grassland area reduced 6.26%, water area increased 7.l7%, construction land areaincreased 323.8%, unused land area increased 6.96%, cultivated land area reduced 5l.43%.Especially, land degraded seriously, grassland area reduced 22.8% and unused land areaincreased 43.96% in Qumaleb. (b) The comprehensive land use dynamic degree is 2.25 andthe land use dynamic degree of construction land is the biggest, while cultivated land takesthe second place and woodland takes the least. (c) The land use degree comprehensive indexis l95.2 in l995, and l56.4 in 2000, reduced 38.8. The fundamental reason is that a greatdeal of grassland had been transformed into unused land in 5 years. (d) Landscape changeddramatically. The sum of patches increased l999 and the landscape fragmentation degreeincreased from 0.ll5 to 0.l24, showing the enhancement of land fragmentaion degree. Thediversity index increased from l.308 to 1.33l, implytng the enhancing of landscapeheterogeneity. The fractal degree increased from 1.453 to l.456 and the shape of patches gotcomplicated. 2. Differed from the corridor effect of other traffic main lines, the corridor ef-fect of this section of road is not obvious and its "point" radiation effect can be seen easily.(a) The land use degree comprehensive index of road buffer zones dropped except the 1 kmzone, 40-45 km zone and 50-60 km zone. The land use dynamic index enhanced when thedistance to the road get longer, obviously differing from other study areas due to sparse pop-ulation and sluggish economic deve1opment. The landscape diversity index and fractal di-mension has no relationship with the distance to the road. (b) The expanding range of Gol-mud City is confined in 3 km buffer, for Wudaoliang buffer, it is l km. No land use changehappened in Nanshankou buffer. 3. The new formula (K = (Ua+Ub - 2Uc)Ua -lT-1 ×l00% )is used to nicely define the land use dynamic degree exactly.