Music and outdoors: are they meant to work together?
Outdoor spaces, or very large venues for that matter, often offer a seducing way of hosting large events without undue complications regarding security and fittings. However, they usually do not provide the audience and the performers with as high a level of comfort than enclosed venues. More to the point, community noise control of such facilities can really be tricky. What can be expected of such facilities? This paper intends to submit a few hints, looking at recent projects and developments.
Inside Out – Time Variant Electronic Acoustic Enhancement Provides the Missing Link for Acoustic Music Outdoors
No matter how good the acoustic ensemble, moving them from the concert hall to an outdoor stage dramatically changes the listening experience for both the musicians, and those in attendance – usually, not for the better. For the musicians, the loss of reflected and reverberant energy alters communication between members of the ensemble. The physiology of playing the instrument changes as well – without support from reflected and reverberant energy, musicians must compensate. Thus while the outdoor performance experience of may be deemed “good” for both those playing as well those listening, it is not the experience that either desire. This paper describes how time variant electro-acoustic enhancement has been successfully used to dramatically improve the acoustical musical experience for outdoor performance.
Control of the homopause level
Abstract This paper reviews the hypothesis that internal gravity wave breaking in the factor responsible for upper atmosphere turbulence generation and control of the number density at the homopause level. Available data from Mars and Earth support the hypothesis, originally introduced by Lindzen, that breaking thermal tides are responsible for the necessary turbulence. The lowest-order, equatorially trapped, westward-propagating diurnal tidal mode is the primary cause on the Earth, and lower-order westward-propagating semidiurnal modes are the primary cause on Mars. The frequencies and vertical wavenumbers of the responsible modes determine the eddy diffusion coefficients; energy density is only indirectly involved by determining which modes can break. A general scale relationship between tidal heating and velocity amplitude can be used to assess the breaking potential of tidal modes, and is used here as the basis for arguing that the number density at the Martian homopause is likely to have been stable over much of geologic time. Difficulties with this approach arise in the cases of Venus and Titan because of their peculiar zonal winds. For Jupiter and Saturn, internal gravity waves generated by nontidal mechanisms probably control the homopause.