Acetone as solvent in flame-photometric determination of lithium in serum.
Abstract The effect of some water miscible organic solvents on the flame photometric emission of Li is discussed. A simple procedure is described with acetone as diluting solution giving a ten to twenty fold increase in sensitivity.
Micro flame photometric determination of sodium, potassium, and calcium in serum with organic solvents.
The effect of organic solvents on the flame photometric emission of certain elements in petroleum products has been reported (1). Propanol, hutanol, and acetone have been used in the flame photometric determination of sodium and potassium in serum, but these organic solvents were not used routinely, “as it was feared that complications might arise in practice owing to their volatility and to the restricted solubility of NaCl and KC1 in some solvents” (2). Apparently no extensive investigation has been made of the effect of organic solvents on the emission spectra of the cations of blood serum. We have investigated the use of organic solvents to extend the sensitivity of the flame photometer in the direct determination of sodium, potassium, and calcium, and to make practical the analyses of extremely small biological specimens. Our investigation of the effect of organic solvents on the emission spectra of sodium and potassium (3) indicated that, of the solvents studied, acetone produced the greatest enhancement of emission spectra. Less enhancement was produced by methanol, ethanol, propanol, and isopropanol in the order named. Acetone increased the spectral emission of sodium 17-fold in relative per cent transmittance and potassium 13-fold as compared with the aqueous solvent. This investigation also indicated that bovine albumin* had no effect on sodium and potassium spectra. Further study of organic solvents has been made to test their enhancement effect on the emission spectra of sodium, potassium, and especially of calcium. The use of an aqueous solvent for the direct microphotometric determination of sodium, potassium, and calcium in a single biological specimen has been reported (4).
Evaluation of Impact of Yarn Count and Stitch Length on Pilling, Abrasion, Shrinkage and Tightness Factor of 1 ? 1 Rib Cotton Knitted Fabrics
This study investigates the impact of yarn count and stitch length of 100% cotton knitted fabrics. 1 × 1 ribs structured fabrics were used in this research work. The stitch length 2.50 mm, 2.52 mm, 2.60 mm, 2.70 mm, 2.80 mm and 2.96 mm were used of the yarn count of 26Ne, 28Ne and 36Ne. The areal densities of the grey fabrics were in various amounts. The impacts of yarn count and stitch length were measured concerning pilling resistance, abrasion resistance, and shrinkage and tightness factor. The result showed that the fabric pilling grade decreased while number of cycle increased. Abrasion resistance decreased but length wise shrinkage increased despite the fact that the stitch length increased. The results also exposed that the tightness factor of the fabric increased with the increase of the stitch length in both dyeing and washing state and finished state compared to grey state for the yarn count 26Ne and homogeneous result not found for yarn count 28Ne and 36 Ne. Evaluation of Impact of Yarn Count and Stitch Length on Pilling, Abrasion, Shrinkage and Tightness Factor of 1 × 1 Rib Cotton Knitted Fabrics