Energy Efficient Air Conditioning System Using Geothermal Cooling-Solar Heating in Gujarat, India
It is well known that one unit of electrical energy saved is equal to more than two units produced. One way of economizing the power is utilization of energy efficient systems at all locations. In the present study, the air conditioning system is analysed and an innovative way is suggested. We use natural low temperature of shallow sub surface (1 - 3 m) of the earth—geothermal cooling system. It is known that majority of the households and the apartment complexes in India have two tanks for water storage. One is the underground water sump and the other is the overhead water tank. In our study, we use these two water storage systems for space cooling during summer and also for heating during winter. The main aim of our paper is air-conditioning of the space in an economic way to save electricity. It is based on a simple idea of transferring the low temperature from underground water sump to the room in the house using water as a mode of transport. Since India is a tropical country located at low latitude, most of the year, the air temperature is high and demands space cooling. However, for a couple of months during severe winter months (Dec.-Jan.) at Ahmedabad, heating of the space is required. For heating the space, we suggest to use the well-known solar water heater. Effective use of heat exchanger is shown through computation, modelling schemes and lab experiment. We recommend geothermal cooling for 10 months in a year and solar hot water system during 2 months of winter. It is observed that the ambient air temperature of 35°C - 40°C in the room can be brought down to 26°C without much consumption of electricity. In a similar manner, the room temperature at night (13°C) during winter in Ahmedabad can be increased to 27°C through circulation of water from solar water heater in the heat exchanger.
Solar-assisted geothermal heat pump models for space heating and cooling
The world today is in desperate need of clean energy, and among clean energy sources, geothermal energy possesses the highest potential. The maximum benefit can be obtained from clean energy sources if they are used together. This paper proposes the employment of a solar integrated geothermal heat pump. Furthermore, the paper provides a study on the comparison of six different types of solar integrated geothermal heat pumps based on various factors. (1) The heat produced by photovoltaic system combined with a boiler and a vapor compressor chiller. (2) The heating and cooling effect when photovoltaic system is integrated with a backup boiler. (3) Integrating the photovoltaic system with a reversible heat pump. (4) Use of solar energy in accordance with a backup boiler. (5) Integrating the previously combined solar energy and backup boiler to vapor compressor chiller. (6) Use of solar energy in combination with a reversible heat pump to produce heating and cooling effect. Each of these cases is compared to a process similar to itself that might have been previously used. The comparison between the processes points out the merits and demerits for both systems. The main reason for using this is to make use of fossil fuels reduce as it is harmful to the environment due to emission of gases like methane, carbon dioxide, ammonia and many harmful gases. While coal and oil produce a massive 1.08 tons of CO2 emission, use of geothermal energy could bring it down to about 0.05 tons which would be 21 times less then fossil fuels. To overcome this problem and for the benefit of environment, solar and geothermal both are integrated and provide better output.
Shakespeare, Machiavelli, and Montaigne: Power and Subjectivity from Richard II to Hamlet
HISTORICISM AND THE CULTURAL PRESENT IN SHAKESPEARE STUDIES: SUBJECTIVITY IN EARLY AND LATE MODERNITY HAMLET AND THE TRAGEDY OF THE SUBJECT