La fabrique du « soldat-citoyen » à travers la conscription en Turquie
This paper examines how the disciplinary mechanisms of the Turkish army can produce a transformation in the habitus of the conscripts. As a total institution, the military institution integrates and normalizes the conscripts through rites, control of time, horizontal surveillance between conscripts, and corporal punishments. The paper argues that the effects of military service are, nonetheless, not homogenous. This is primarily because of differences in the initial social profile of the conscripts, which produce different resources. Thus it is possible to suggest a typology of the different adaptative strategies of the conscripts. Finally, the article argues that this socialization in the military is part of a larger process of the building of a national habitus in Turkey.
Les violations des droits de l'homme dans les prisons et l'armée turques au travers des arrêts de la Cour Européenne des Droits de l'Homme
La Turquie est-elle un Etat respectueux des droits de l'Homme, l'un des elements centraux constitutifs d'une democratie ? On a d'un cote des engagements internationaux qui laissent a penser que la Turquie est un Etat respectueux des droits de l'Homme, et de l'autre cote des realites qui agitent les critiques et le monde academique. Il est alors interessant de se pencher plus en details sur la question. Pour ce faire, il est pertinent d'etudier les relations de la Turquie avec la Convention Europeenne des Droits de l'Homme, au travers de l'organe juridique competent en la matiere : la Cour Europeenne des Droits de l'Homme. Il s'agit alors, au travers de ce memoire, de voir en quoi les condamnations de la Turquie par la CEDH sont des indicateurs des lacunes democratiques persistantes de cet Etat dans ces deux domaines symboliques d'expression de son autorite etatique ? Dans une premiere partie consacree au monde de la prison en Turquie, nous allons d'abord etudier les effets sur les droits de l'Homme des differentes operations de securite menees dans les prisons turques par des gendarmes et des militaires. La deuxieme partie de ce memoire traitera des violations commises dans le monde militaire.
Negotiating the cultural and economic outcomes of sport heritage attractions: the case of the National Baseball Hall of Fame
ABSTRACT Contemporary museums must balance their roles as commercial entities and repositories of various, and often dissonant, heritages and histories. Sports museums in particular often have clear commercial and nostalgic aims, particularly through tourist visitation, though the extent to which they represent more challenging narratives remains unclear. This paper examines how one of the most famous sports museums in the world, the National Baseball Hall of Fame (NBHF) in Cooperstown, New York, balances its dual role as tourist attraction and repository of baseball's sometimes checkered past. It was found that different sections of the museum provide greater or lesser degrees of engagement with more controversial issues, although the commercial outputs and appeal of the museum remains clear throughout. Utlimately, the NBHF demonstrates that balancing veneration and critique in collections can be commercially prosperous, and can provide a template for other sport and popular culture museums who may be wary of incorporating more challenging narratives in their exhibits. Furthermore, the symbiotic relationship between the Hall of Fame and the village of Cooperstown, particularly in creating and maintaining cultural and economic outputs, requires further exploration.