On Paternity Leaves and Parental Leaves – The Dilemma over “Daddy Days”
Filipino fathers generally refrain from undertaking childcare functions, an attitude that can be traced from the traditional notion that men are the economic providers while women are the nurturers of the family. In 1996, a breakthrough legislation was passed by the Philippine Legislature providing for seven days of paid paternity leave. A good beginning, but certainly not sufficient if the intention is really for the father and mother to share in the joys and pains of parenthood. Thus, Filipino women are left with no choice but to be mothers first and workers second. The article will look at experiences in the United States, Canada, France, and Sweden and conclude that a shared system of paid parental leave might be a promising solution to encourage Filipino men to perform more caring functions at home and to allow Filipino women greater participation in the world of work.
Pregnant Pause: An International Legal Analysis of Maternity Discrimination
Contents: Introduction Pregnant Pause in maternity discrimination Pregnant Pause in the United Nations Pregnant Pause in Australia and New Zealand Pregnant Pause in Africa and South Africa Pregnant Pause in Canada, Mexico and the United States Pregnant Pause in the North American Free Trade Agreement Pregnant Pause in the United Kingdom and Ireland Pregnant Pause in the European Union Conclusion Bibliography Index.
Old topics, old approaches? ‘Reception’ in television studies and music studies
The question of reception is closely linked to the history and the roots of audience studies. But what is ‘reception’ and what exactly does it mean? As audience studies have developed from a contested novelty to a now established academic field, what do we do with a concept that defined our interests in the past and may now be too wide or even obsolete? This article deals with this issue by mapping how the concept of reception was conceptualized and researched in audience studies of the past ten years, with a focus on studies of music and studies of television. We find that in music, strong focus remains on music reception in the context of performances and events, and this lies in contrast to a small number of studies which instead focus on a framework of music in ordinary life and the audiences’ contextual localities. Concerning reception of television, much of the scholarship starts from the cultural studies tradition and looks at television viewing as a means to construct identities. Discussing these findings, we inquire whether the hybridization of media also implies a hybridization of research traditions and methodologies, and what consequences it has for the balance between textual, production and audience approaches.