Propaganda e crítica social nas cronologias dos almanaques astrológicos durante a Guerra Civil inglesa no século XVII
This article is part of an extensive investigation carried out concerning the use of astrological almanacs during the English Civil War in the 17th century as a medium for propaganda and social criticism. During that conflict there were astrologers who were partisans of the Parliament, such as John Booker, and other who supported the King, such as George Wharton. This work analyses some of those publications, showing that the political commitment of the authors was noticeable in an explicit form (and sometimes in an indirect way) in those almanacs.
The Coming of War
THE English Civil War broke out untidily and haphazardly. No-one had wanted it and the nation as a whole faced up to it slowly and reluctantly, seeking to preserve itself from the bloodshed, miseries and burdens that fighting was bound to bring. The initial military campaign between September and December 1642 cut a swathe of plunder across the midlands; it left some confusion and disorder in its wake yet it was a passing wind. This essay is concerned with provincial reactions to the war in the period between that campaign and the breakdown of the Treaty of Oxford negotiations in April 1643. It is focused on the local struggles that spluttered through the first autumn and winter of the war before becoming entrenched in the following summer, struggles that brought the war home to Englishmen living in every corner of the land.1
Actuating Principle of Online Automatic Balancer with Counter Weight Driven by Magnetic Force
Kinematic precept of mass block in automatic balancer is proposed following the principle of online automatic dynamic balancing.By combination of electromagnet and permanent magnet,the magnetic circuit of the balancer with ring coil and rare earth permanent magnet is designed.Actuating process of the balancer is discussed and then a step drive voltage waveform is defined.For the high-speed grinding motorized spindle 170MD12Y16,the mechanical structure and dimensions of the balancer are schemed out.The electromagnetic simulations for the designed balancer are conducted and the better coil ampere-turns and reluctance adjusting ring thickness are then determined.The validity of simulation results is verified by a balancer driving experiment and the desired voltage value and its duration time are also determined.the designed balancer has a stable operation process without out-of-step and fluctuation around balanced position when the ampere-turns are considered as 1 kA,the reluctance adjusting ring thickness 0.2 mm,the driving voltage 12.4 V and the voltage duration time 120 ms.