Theory of regular arrays of defects: The void lattice
Defects in crystals may form a regular array, rather than a random distribution. The lattice of voids produced in irradiated molybdenum is a remarkable example of this. We give a general method of calculating the energy per defect in the array which exploits the periodicity of the defect lattice. The existence of the void lattice depends on the elastic interaction between voids. The present approach can treat both arbitrarily anisotropic elastic continua and discrete lattices, and is readily extended to discuss the stability of the defect lattice. The results predict that a void lattice should occur in molybdenum, and compare a number of models for the void. Stability against shear of the void lattice is not discussed in the present paper. The ratio of the void lattice spacing to void radius predicted is 2.2 to 4.5 and is smaller than the value of about 10 observed. The results are in general agreement with the more approximate Malen-Bullough treatment.
Observations of a Regular Void Array in High Purity Molybdenum irradiated with 2 MeV Nitrogen Ions
VOIDS in metals, formed as a result of neutron irradiation or particle bombardments, are usually found to be distributed randomly in the lattice. But I have found that voids can take up regular positions in the lattice with respect to each other and demonstrate that the voids form a body-centred-cubic superlattice structure with crystallographic axes identical with those of the molybdenum matrix. The voids in this case were formed as a result of particle irradiations but some observations made on neutron irradiated molybdenum (F. W. Wiffen, private communication) indicate strongly that this same void structure may be present in that case as well.
CNC Desktop Vertical Machining Bench Design and Cooling Fluid Application
Today's manufacturing technologies, the human work force is used and at least a minimum level of margin of error is used in CNC machines. Desktop CNC machine tools and CNC machine tools are developed in parallel with the development of personal computers. This study provides CNC training institutions for education, small and medium-sized enterprises for commercial purposes use the low-cost desktop machine has been designing and manufacturing of CNC vertical machining was carried out. Desktop CNC machine tools and production capacity to handle the kind of material was applied to increase the cooling fluid. Through A199 and Fe37 the cooling fluid application desktop CNC machine tools, such as processing of materials that are difficult to successfully processed. Keywords—CNC, Desktop CNC Machine, CNC Design