Design of a real-time tyre pressure monitoring system for LMVs
The tyre pressure is not adequately maintained by the majority of automobile drivers, even though they drop more than one pounds per square inch (PSI) of air pressure a month. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) statistics show that low-tyre pressure-related crashes cause 660 fatalities and 33,000 injuries every year. At present, the tyre pressure is monitor from differences in the rotational speed and deduces the pressure differences between tyres. The anti-lock braking system (ABS) sensors can be used to measure it. The proposed system employs advanced integration techniques to provide a TPMS solution that provides real-time tyre pressure monitoring (both stationary and movement condition of the vehicle) and alerts the driver about improperly inflated tyres. The unit includes a pressure sensor, microcontroller, RF transmitter and long life battery. The TPMS unit communicates by an on- board RF receiver and displays real-time tyre pressure of all tyres. Tyre pressure is monitored in the stationary condition of the vehicle at present. This project can be extended to read pressure values in the moving condition of vehicle and generate the alert signal to the driver when the threshold value is reached. The entire design is envisaged to be developed as a small and compact unit that can be easily fitted onto a tyre.
Tire Pressure Monitoring System Using an Android Application
Driving a vehicle with inadequate tire pressure can generate more ground friction, causing an increase in fuel consumption and, therefore in CO2 emissions. Another consequence is uneven tread wear, affecting braking distance and vehicle control. This paper presents the implementation of a Tire-Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS), which is a system that alerts the driver of a vehicle about a tire pressure change. For this, four prototypes were designed to monitor and transmit the tire pressure and temperature of a vehicle. For the transmitter circuits design, ATmega328 microcontrollers, NRF24L01 transceiver modules, Honeywell NBP series pressure sensors and LM35 temperature sensors were used. In addition, a receiver that incorporates an NRF24L01 module to receive the signals coming from the transmitters was developed. The received data are sent via Bluetooth, with the HC-05 module, to an Android application developed in App Inventor, which is an open-source web application. To install the circuits on the tires, compact cases were designed in Solidwork, which were printed using the Prusa i3 3D printer. The results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the monitoring system and the accuracy of the measured data, as well as the relevance of the Android application to alert the driver in a simple way about any pressure change in the tires. These results suggest the possibility of using the prototype developed in realistic scenarios to monitor tire pressure in vehicles without this technology. Keywords— tire pressure monitoring system; transceivers NRF24L01; HC-05 bluetooth module; arduino nano; android application.
A reconfigurable antenna for MIMO application
In this paper we propose a novel reconfigurable antenna that may be used as elements of a MIMO system to improve the capacity. Reconfiguration is achieved by switching in various parts of the antenna into the current path. For switching PIN diodes may be used. The antenna can give polarization and pattern diversity depending on which arms are switched into the current path. The measured results confirm the simulation predictions about the antenna's capability.