“glassPack” — photonic packaging using thin glass foils for electrical-optical circuit boards (EOCB) and sensor modules
The ldquoglassPackrdquo-concept will be introduced as a new packaging technologies platform for a wide area of opto-electronic applications like optical backplane, electrical-optical circuit boards (EOCB) and sensors. The usage of thin glass foils of some tens of microns thickness as substrate and interconnection material is the crucial point of the concept. First realizations will be presented.
Glass carrier based packaging approach demonstrated on a parallel optoelectronic transceiver module for PCB assembling
Glass as a carrier material for electrical and optical interconnects has many benefits compared to conventional materials like silicon, ceramic or polymer based laminates because of its excellent dielectric and transparent properties that are becoming important for electrical high-frequency signal wiring as well as for optical wave guiding. Furthermore, the integration potential of glass is excellent because of the dimensional stability under thermal load and the coefficient of thermal expansion matching that of silicon ICs. A small pitch size of conductor traces, small scale through-vias and high alignment accuracy are the key requirements that will be achieved from glass carrier based packaging. Another outstanding benefit is the transparency of glass that allows the planar integration of optical waveguides inside the glass core material and the light transmission through the carrier between different optical layers. This paper presents a four channel bi-directional optoelectronic transceiver module that was designed and processed using the glass carrier based packaging approach called glassPack. The transceiver operates with 10 Gbps per channel and has an extremely low power consumption of 592 mW. The module is mounted on a printed circuit test board and the performance is characterized by bit error rate testing.
Full-scale measurements of SO2 gas phase concentrations and slurry compositions in a wet flue gas desulphurisation spray absorber
Abstract Two measurement campaigns were carried out at ENERGI E2's Asnaes Power plant, unit 5. The unit has a capacity of 620 MW e and is equipped with a wet flue gas desulphurisation (FGD) plant employing a counter-current spray absorber with five spray levels. In the first campaign, the power plant was firing Orimulsion ® with 2.85 wt% S resulting in a flue gas concentration of SO 2 exceeding 2000 ppmv. In the second campaign, the fuel applied was a low-S blended coal and the SO 2 concentration in the raw gas was around 400 ppmv. A novel probe for in situ sampling of gas phase concentrations in wet FGD spray absorbers was developed and applied for measuring axial profiles of the SO 2 gas phase concentrations in the absorber. The expected decrease in SO 2 concentrations along the height of the absorber was found in the spray section (from height 26.5 to 36.2 m) whereas the SO 2 concentration above the holding tank and below the gas inlet was quite low probably due to long local residence times in the region. Horizontal variations, due to somewhat different flow conditions near the column wall were investigated and the SO 2 concentrations were found to be higher near the wall. Measurements at different gross loads showed that the SO 2 gas phase concentration at a given position inside the absorber was roughly linearly related to the L/G ratio in the measuring interval. Turning off one of the lower spray levels, while burning coal with low S content, did not lower the overall removal efficiency of the absorber. However, the SO 2 gas phase concentration inside the lower part of the absorber was increased by a factor of 2–3. Measurements of slurry pH at different positions showed a decrease of approximately 0.5 units from the upper to the lower part of the absorber. The full-scale measurements provide a detailed set of experimental data for validation of mathematical models of a wet FGD spray absorber.