EDUCATIONAL POLICY PROVISION IN THE STATE OF PARANÁ, BRAZIL - 2001/2006
This paper presents the results of research on educational policies in the state of Parana, Brazil. The research assessed the impact of the provision of vacancies in Basic Education from 2001 to 2006. The effectiveness of such public action in education was one of the aims of the research. The study used offi cial databases about the population, number of students who enroll, stay in schools and fi nish their studies. The main conclusions of the study show that in the state of Parana, Basic Education policies have not been effective as social demands are not completely achieved; for example, there is not enough provision of vacancies, there is a lack of quality conditions and the actions implemented are not articulated with social needs.
Politicas educacionais do estado do Parana nas decadas de 80 e 90
Neste trabalho, verificamos como se efetivou o percurso da politica educacional 
paranaense, na transicao de nocao da prioridade a “centralidade da Educacao Basica”. 
Assim, no periodo estudado, evidenciamos que o percurso que possibilitou a transicao 
da prioridade a “centralidade da Educacao Basica” e reflexo das contradicoes que 
emergem entre o capital e o trabalho, mediante novas relacoes entre os interesses 
internacionais, nacionais e estaduais que se impoem para dar continuidade ao processo 
de reproducao, ampliacao e concentracao do capital em âmbito internacional. Com este 
objetivo, tomamos o percurso da construcao da “centralidade da Educacao Basica” em 
nivel internacional, nacional e estadual, tendo sempre como referencia o processo de 
acumulacao capitalista, responsavel pela articulacao/rearticulacao dos interesses 
internos e externos, frente as questoes da economia, da politica, do social e do processo 
educacional. A pesquisa realizada nos mostrou que, da nocao de prioridade da Educacao 
Basica, caracteristica dos anos 80, a nocao de “centralidade da Educacao Basica” nos 
anos 90, assumida em nivel internacional, nacional e estadual, a politica educacional 
brasileira e paranaense vivenciou varios processos de readequacao ideologica, onde a 
educacao passa a ser reivindicada como meio de acesso a nocoes basicas de higiene, de 
calculo, de leitura, de escrita, de regras de convivencia social, de formacao de 
individuos aptos ao trabalho, ao consumo e a competitividade, bem como de construcao 
da cidadania, com vistas a conter/administrar a pobreza e a exclusao social. 
Abstract
Tethering the Administrative State: The Case Against Chevron Deference for FCC Jurisdictional Claims
Like many other agencies, the Federal Communications Commission has seen significant regulatory growth under President Obama. But unlike health care, financial reform, and other areas, this growth has come without statutory guidance from Congress. The FCC’s assertion of jurisdiction over broadband service is reminiscent of its earlier attempts to regulate cable and to deregulate telephone service, efforts that courts have viewed skeptically in the absence of specific statutory authorization. But this skepticism is in tension with Chevron, which grants agencies substantial deference to interpret ambiguities in the statutes that they administer. This article argues that Chevron deference should not extend to agency jurisdictional claims, such as the FCC’s claim to authority over broadband. For both constitutional and policy reasons, courts should distinguish between agency action that fills a gap in a statutory scheme and action that defines the outer boundary of that scheme. As the Commission’s net neutrality project winds its way through the judicial system, courts should not allow the agency to define the limits of its own authority, and should instead search closely for a grant of authority from Congress.