Effects of Co/Sm Composition on the Ordered Phase Formation in Sm-Co Thin Films Grown on Cu(111) Single-Crystal Underlayers
Sm-Co thin films were prepared on Cu(111) single-crystal underlayers by changing the Sm composition from 12 to 35 at.% and the effects of Co/Sm composition on the ordered phase formation were investigated. The epitaxial SmCo5 thin films were obtained for all samples. The SmCo5 epitaxial layer grown on Cu underlayer has two different types of domains whose orientations are rotated around film normal by 30 degrees to each other. Cu atoms substitute a part of the Co sites in the SmCo5 structure, and an alloy compound of Sm(Co,Cu) 5 phase was formed for all samples. The Sm(Co,Cu)5 phase was more Cu enriched with increasing the Sm composition. The Cu atom diffusion into Sm-Co layer plays an important role in assisting the formation of Sm(Co,Cu)5 ordered phase.
Effects of substrate temperature and Cu underlayer thickness on the formation of SmCo5(0001) epitaxial thin films
SmCo{sub 5}(0001) epitaxial thin films were prepared on Cu(111) underlayers heteroepitaxially grown on Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}(0001) single-crystal substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. The effects of substrate temperature and Cu underlayer thickness on the crystallographic properties of SmCo{sub 5}(0001) epitaxial films were investigated. The Cu atoms of underlayer diffuse into the SmCo{sub 5} film and substitute the Co sites in SmCo{sub 5} structure forming an alloy compound of Sm(Co,Cu){sub 5}. The ordered phase formation is enhanced with increasing the substrate temperature and with increasing the Cu underlayer thickness. The Cu atom diffusion into the SmCo{sub 5} film is assisting the formation of Sm(Co,Cu){sub 5} ordered phase.
Growth and Characterization of β-RDX Single-Crystal Particles
1,3,5-Trinitrohexahydro-s-triazine (RDX) single-crystal particles crystallized in the β phase have been successfully grown by sublimation–recrystallization. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction results confirm that the recrystallized products are β-RDX single crystals. Compared to the traditional solution deposition methods, the sublimation method used in this work breaks through the mass limitations during the growth of β-RDX. The distribution of α- and β-RDX on different substrates reveals that hydrophilic substrates are prone to grow β-RDX single crystals and that hydrophobic substrates prefer α-RDX single crystals. The sublimation rate dominates the growth of pure β-RDX. The mechanisms of the phase transition from β-RDX to α-RDX during the process of sublimation–recrystallization have been studied. The current results can promote the potential application of β-RDX in the propellant, explosives, and military fields.