Effect of Biological Fertilizers on Germination Indices in Wheat Cultivars With Drought In Greenhouse
To determine aminol-forte and fosnutren, as two biological fertilizers containing amino acids, effects on 11 bread wheat cultivars in Ardabil IAU research greenhouse a research was carried out in factorial completely randomized block design with three replications. Factor A in two conditions (drought and normal), factor B in three levels (water, aminol-forte and fosnutren) and factor C included 11 bread wheat cultivars. Results suggested that there was a significant difference between test conditions based on all measured indices at 1%. Also there was a significant difference between studied cultivars based on assessed properties at 1 to 5%. There was a significant difference between fertilizer levels based on germination speed coefficient, ultimate germination percentage, germination rate index and daily average germination rate at 5%. The test conditions interaction in biologic fertilizers in all studied traits were significant at 1%. The results to the means comparison suggested that genotypes of Kuhdasht with a mean of 57.57, Saisons with a mean of 57.13, Azar 2 with a mean of 56.64 and Zagros with a mean of 56.60 had the highest germination duration mean and Chamran genotype with a mean of 46.39 had the lowest germination duration mean. On germination rate, also, Chamran genotype with a mean of 0.0218 had the best and Kuhdasht and Saisons genotypes with means of 0.0173 and 0.0175, respectively, had the lowest germination rate. Results to the data mean comparisons on fertilizer levels indicated that fosnutren liquid fertilizer was the best genotype in germination rate coefficient, germination duration mean and germination rate index. Finally, it could be mentioned that applying biological fertilizers which contain amino acids, could play a great positive role in wheat germination indices. (Elena Khabiri, Yousef Alaei, Seyed sajjad moosavi, Ali Mohammadpour Khanghah and Maryam Jafari. Effect of
Germination and seedling growth requirements for propagation of Dioscorea dregeana (Kunth) Dur. and Schinz — A tuberous medicinal plant
Abstract Intensive collection of underground tubers of the medicinal plant Dioscorea dregeana from indigenous forests is a threat to the wild population. Domestication of this plant is the only possible alternative to fulfill the demand of formal and informal medicinal markets in South Africa. This study reports fundamental requirements for seed germination and seedling growth of D. dregeana. Germination responses of seeds were tested at different temperature regimes, light conditions and smoke treatments. The highest percentage germination (≥ 95%) and mean germination time (MGT) of 10 days was at 30/15 °C, followed by 25 °C. No germination was observed at 10 °C. Different light conditions did not significantly affect percentage germination at 25 °C; however, under constant dark conditions the MGT was reduced. Smoke-water (1:500 v/v) and a butenolide (10− 7 M), isolated from smoke, stimulated germination and improved seedling vigour. Seedling growth was best at 25 °C and 30/15 °C, with large underground tubers forming on all seedlings. This indicates that temperature plays a significant role in regulating growth of tubers. Seedlings watered once a week with half-strength Hoagland's nutrient solution showed best growth performance, whereas, a deficiency of either nitrogen, phosphorous or potassium negatively affected seedling growth. Thus, we recommend application of moderate fertilizers and watering once per week at 25 °C for raising healthy D. dregeana seedlings.
Modulation of neuronal serotonin uptake by a putative endogenous ligand of imipramine recognition sites.
Imipramine inhibits the serotonin uptake by binding with high affinity to regulatory sites of this uptake located on axons that release serotonin. The number of imipramine recognition sites located on crude synaptic membrane preparations is reduced by two daily injections of imipramine or desmethylimipramine for 3 weeks. When the binding sites for [3H]imipramine are down-regulated the Vmax of the neuronal uptake of serotonin is increased. Moreover, in minces prepared from the brain hippocampus of rats receiving imipramine in a dose regimen that reduces the number of [3H]imipramine recognition sites, the efficiency of imipramine as a blocker of the serotonin uptake is diminished. Hence the high-affinity binding sites for [3H]imipramine may have a physiological role in modulation of serotonin reuptake. Probably this is mediated by an endogenous effector of these regulatory sites. A nonpeptidic constituent of rat brain capable of displacing [3H]imipramine from its high-affinity binding site and of inhibiting the serotonin uptake in a dose-related manner has been extracted and its partial purification is described.