Technology Importation, Corporate Strategies, and the Rise of the Japanese Semiconductor Industry in the 1950s
During the 1950s, the Japanese semicon - ductor industry rose from nothing to a level that was roughly on par with that of the United States. It is undeniable that this was due in large part to the importation of advanced technology from lead - ing U.S. firms. In the process of technology transfer from the Unit- ed States to Japan, previous scholars have emphasized the impor - tance of the role played by the highly restrictive government tech - nology-importation policy during this period. The aim of this arti - cle is to analyze this story from the perspective of Japanese com - panies, which exhibited divergent strategies for acquiring foreign technology. These strategies were shaped by complex calculations that took into account firms' organizational capability and U.S. li- censing practices and antitrust policy, as well as the technology- importation policy of MITI (Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry). In short, this article argues that Japanese firms were not passive receptors, but active agents in shaping the pattern of technology importation.
Blue collar science: Bringing the transistor to life in the Lehigh Valley
Dans cet article, l'auteur analyse plusieurs usines de la vallee de Lehigh en Pennsylvanie en decrivant leur fonctionnement comme s'apparentant a celui des laboratoires classiques puisqu'il consistait a maitriser une technologie pour la transformer en un produit destine au grand public durable, fiable et totalement novateur.
Corning and the Craft of Innovation
For 150 years, Corning Incorporated has repeatedly succeeded in their quest to create new products for an ever-changing marketplace. Corning and the Craft of Innovation is the story of the extraordinary research and development strategy that propelled this company to its leadership position in leading-edge technologies for the new world economy. Since its founding in the mid-nineteenth century, Corning has placed a premium on research and development in tandem with an unending spirit of innovation. Corning's innovations made possible such essential items as light bulbs, television, Pyrex, catalytic converters for cars, and high-speed telecommunications through fiber optics. Most impressive is Corning's evolution into a highly innovative producer of specialty materials. In its early days, Corning developed specialty glass for use in railroad signal lenses that had to withstand the rigors of high and low temperatures; and developed its high speed Ribbon Machine - still used today - to produce glass envelopes for light bulbs more quickly and efficiently than anyone else. Today Corning leads the world in fibre optics and is a premier provider of cable and photonic products. In 1999 Wired magazine nominated Corning for its coveted Wired Index, confirming Corning's astonishing staying power as a leading-edge company. Corning and the Craft of Innovation examines how Corning fostered a culture of innovation while showing extraordinary patience in backing long-term projects. The book illustrates how a pattern of deliberate, regular, and profitable innovation begun 150 years ago has put Corning at the vanguard of leading-edge technologies for the fastest-growing markets of the global marketplace. It will be essential reading for anyone interested in strategic management, innovation, science and technology or knowledge management.