Reaction to the Texaco Fair Use Ruling among Special Libraries Affiliated with For-Profit Enterprises.
The "Texaco" copyright litigation resulted in new rules governing photocopying of journal articles in special libraries affiliated with for-profit enterprises. The federal court decisions in "Texaco" begin with the premise that research in those libraries serves a profit-seeking motive, and consequently the courts have indicated that photocopying of journal articles in such special libraries will generally not be protected under the doctrine of "fair use." A random sample of 200 special libraries affiliated with for-profit enterprises was selected from across the United States. Each head librarian was asked whether he or she was aware of the "Texaco" decisions and, if so, what actions the library had taken in response to the rulings. Responses to the written questionnaire showed that more than 80% of the respondents were familiar withlhe "Texaco" rulings. Of those, more than half have purchased photocopying licenses from the Copyright Clearance Center. A variety of other reactions, such as obtaining journal articles through a commercial document delivery service, also were reported. No single solution was dominant in the responses; instead, it appears that the affected libraries are mixing and matching remedies in an effort to achieve overall compliance with the copyright laws. The survey cover letter and questionnaire are appended. (Contains 39 references.) (Author) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. REACTION TO THE TEXACO FAIR USE RULING AMONG SPECIAL LIBRARIES AFFILIATED WITH FOR-PROFIT ENTERPRISES A Master's Research Paper submitted to the Kent State University School of Library Science in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Library Science
Copyright law and information policy planning: Public rights of use in the 1990s and beyond
Abstract Copyright law is one of the many policy forces shaping the utilization of information resources. American copyright law has undergone many changes with profound consequences, particularly for educational and scholarly uses of existing copyrighted works. This article summarizes recent developments in the law, with a focus on their consequences for users at American colleges, universities, and libraries. The purpose of this study is to highlight the principal implications of an evolving copyright law and especially to assist librarians, administrators, and other policy makers. They must address these issues and devise standards of practice that avoid legal challenges but that also optimize the use of available resources. The article concludes with guidance for future concerns and planning.
2000 Review conference of the parties to the treaty on the non-proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, final document
4. The Conference notes that the non-nuclearweapon States Parties to the Treaty reaffirmed their commitment not to receive the transfer from any transferor whatsoever of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices or of control over such weapons or explosive devices directly, or indirectly, not to manufacture or otherwise acquire nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices, and not to seek or receive any assistance in the manufacture of nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices. 2000 REVIEW CONFERENCE OF THE PARTIES TO THE TREATY ON THE NON-PROLIFERATION OF NUCLEAR WEAPONS FINAL DOCUMENT