Research of output characteristics of the heterodyne executed on the printed circuit board with the increased resistance to electrostatic discharges
In operation results of computer simulation of characteristics of the standard analog device — the heterodyne executed on the printed circuit board from the composite dielectric having feeble conductivity are explained. Results of simulation showed that increase in specific bulk conductivity of material of the printed circuit board to 2·10<sup>−7</sup> Ohm<sup>−1</sup>-m<sup>−1</sup> practically does not change operating characteristics of a heterodyne. The possibility of effective use of the composite poorly carrying out dielectrics in standard radio engineering devices allowing to prevent origin of electrostatic discharges is set.
Upsets related to spacecraft charging
The charging of spacecraft components by high energy radiation can result in spontaneous pulsed discharges. The pulses can interrupt normal operations of spacecraft electronics. The 20-year history of ground studies and spacecraft studies of this phenomenon are reviewed. The data from space are not sufficient to unambiguously point to a few specific solutions. The ground based data continue to find more problem areas the longer one looks. As spacecraft become more complex and carry less radiation shielding, the charging and discharging of insulators is becoming a more critical problem area. Ground experiments indicate that solutions for spacecraft are multiple and diverse, and many technical details are reviewed or introduced here.
An online spacecraft environment interactions information system
This paper reviews the role that EnviroNET assumes as a contemporary system that scientists and engineers can use to share information on networks that are connected globally. Advantage is being taken to use this powerful communication tool for the space community to articulate the various anomalies that our space systems are experiencing. EnviroNET is being considered as a test bed for developing an expert system for diagnosing environmentally induced anomalies for spacecraft. The various offline activities in progress toward this objective are described.