Economic impacts of California's golf course facilities in 2000.
People spent $4.350 billion at California golf course facilities in 2000. The total sales, income, and tax impacts on the state economy were $7.872 billion, $4.546 billion, and $1.370 billion in 2000. Direct sales of $4.251 billion directly supported 62,173 jobs, and , through indirect and induced sales impacts, an additional 37,609 jobs.
A Contingent Water Banking Program to Support Shortnose Sturgeon Migration in the Savannah River Basin during Drought Periods
This study presents a model to investigate the costs of augmenting streamflows in drought years to support shortnose sturgeon spawning and migration. We demonstrate how the model can estimate the acre foot water payment necessary under alternative drought scenarios to induce water users to participate in a contingent water banking program to meet sturgeon seasonal flow requirements.
Peer Reviewed: An Economic Perspective on Outdoor Residential Pesticide Use
SCOTT R. TEMPLETON, DAVID ZILBERMAN, AND SEUNG JICK YOO Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics 207 Giannini Hall University of California-Berkeley Berkeley, CA 94720-3310 Outdoor residential pesticide use has different economic motivations than agricultural pesticide use. During the past 20 years, pesticides for nonstructural pests have been applied on residential landscapes of about 50% of all U.S. households. But the number of people who pay for professional treatments has been growing. Households that use outdoor pesticides are more likely to have yards, bigger or better-quality yards, lower pest tolerances, more pestiferous surroundings, or less concern about risks of pesticidal exposure. Professional pest control becomes more attractive as the costs of household time, equipment, or exposure increase or as the benefits of professional time, expertise, equipment, or a restricted pesticide increase. In general, households are less likely than farmers to use pesticides, read labels, and take precautions. They apply herbicides at higher rates and insecticides at lower rates than most farmers. These behavioral differences reflect differences in the objectives and degree of market orientation of pest control, the scale of operations, and regulation. Our economic perspective, together with scientific information on pest management, can be useful for creating better pest management policies to reduce adverse environmental or public-health impacts.