Passenger Rail Service Comfortability in Kuala Lumpur Urban Transit System
Rail transit transportation system is among the public transportation network in 
Kuala Lumpur City. Some important elements in establishing this system are ticket price, 
operation cost, maintenance implications, service quality and passenger’s comfortability. The 
level of passenger’s comfortability in the coach is important to be considered by the relevant 
authorities and system operators in order to provide comfort and safety to passengers. The 
objective this research is to study some parameters that impact the comfortability of passengers 
and to obtain feedbacks from passengers for different rail transit system. Site observations were 
conducted to obtain data such as noise, vibration, speed and coach layouts which will be 
verified by using the passenger feedback outcomes. The research will be focused in and around 
the Kuala Lumpur City for the duration of 10 months. Four rail transit systems were being 
considered, i.e. Train Type A (LRA), Train Type B (LRB), Train Type C (MRL) and Train 
Type D (CTR). Data parameters obtained from field observations were conducted in the rail 
coaches during actual operation using apparatus among others the sound level meter (SLM), 
vibration analyzer (VA) and the global positioning system (GPS). Questionnaires were 
prepared as passenger feedback instrument, focusing on the level of comfortability in rail 
coaches. The outcomes of these analyses showed that CTR was the best and most comfortable 
coach, followed by LRA, LRB and MRL. Using the passenger feedbacks (MBP) it was also 
found that the ranking values for the railway transit system using Rail Coach Comfortability 
(RCC) is RCC (MBP) were the same as the outcomes using the RCC (parameters). In 
conclusion, it was found that this research has successfully determined the level of 
comfortability as determined in its aim and objectives. From this research, it is hoped that the 
relevant authorities will continue to find ways to enhance the comfortability and safety of its 
train coaches especially its passengers and the community at large.
Service attributes influencing declining ridership of public rail operation based on passenger experience survey in Klang Valley
This paper outlined the role played by public transport provider to meet the demand of societal benefits. This paper reviewed the passenger’s demographic profile, quality of service in the rail operation that influences passenger’s satisfaction and also the most top nine (9) service attributes influencing declining ridership of public rail operation based on passenger experience survey using the Relative Index of Inequality (RII). A better understanding of customer’s satisfaction towards the rail operation is a value-added for a public transport provider as well as to maintain a high standard of quality in service and promote public transport as a preferred choice for the citizens.This paper outlined the role played by public transport provider to meet the demand of societal benefits. This paper reviewed the passenger’s demographic profile, quality of service in the rail operation that influences passenger’s satisfaction and also the most top nine (9) service attributes influencing declining ridership of public rail operation based on passenger experience survey using the Relative Index of Inequality (RII). A better understanding of customer’s satisfaction towards the rail operation is a value-added for a public transport provider as well as to maintain a high standard of quality in service and promote public transport as a preferred choice for the citizens.
An Essay on the Nature and Significance of the Normative Nature of Economics
It is conventional in economics to distinguish between the normative and the positive. The normative has to do with goodness and badness, and with what ought and ought not to be done;1 and the positive has to do with objective description and/or explanation, with what is and with what is necessary given some normative end. The normative has to do with desirability; the positive has to do with truth (in the sense of either descriptive accuracy or serviceability of a means to a given end).2