MODIFICATION OF JACK PINE TMP LONG FIBERS BY ALKALINE PEROXIDE – PART 1. CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FIBERS AND SPENT LIQUOR
The purpose of this work was to improve the quality of jack pine TMP long fibers, particularly with respect to the strength properties, by alkaline peroxide treatment. This paper reports the chemical characteristics of the treated long fibers and the spent liquors originating from various treatments. It was observed that, in comparison with hydrogen peroxide, the alkalinity of the treatment solutions had a greater influence on most fibre characteristics and spent liquor properties.
Green Chemistry and Sustainability in Pulp and Paper Industry
The pulp and paper industry is one of the most important industries in the world. The global demand for paper products is signifi cant, evidenced by the more than 400 million tons produced annually. In today’s world of scarce raw materials, increasing energy costs and talent shortages, managing resources more sustainably is becoming a potential game changer for all sectors. Pulp and paper companies today are highly motivated to operate sustainably and there has been a growing demand to adopt waste minimization strategies in order to create a minimum impact mill which means a concept with a broader range of issues and challenges covering minimisation of resource and emissions, minimising cross-media effects, taking into account economic aspects and working environments. The general background on Green Chemistry and Sustainability in Pulp and Paper Industry is presented.
D-Optimality for Regression Designs: A Review
After stating the model and the design problem, we briefly present the results for regression design prior to the work of Kiefer and Wolfowitz. We then review the major results of Kiefer and Wolfowitz, particularly those on the theory of design, as well as the way the criterion has been extended to non-linear models. Finally, we discuss algorithms for constructing D-optimum designs.