Status of Lhc Experiments Pnpi Participation in Lhc Experiments
The outstanding discoveries in the experimental and theoretical physics of elementary particles resulted in formulation of the Standard Model that provides now a self-consistent picture of the elementary particles world and describes with remarkable precision practically all observed experimental facts. These achievements were closely related with the progress in the accelerator technology. In particular, very important contributions to development and validation of the Standard Model were made by recent experiments at the e + e −-collider LEP (90 GeV + 90 GeV) at CERN and at the pp-collider Tevatron (1 TeV + 1 TeV) at FNAL. Note that PNPI took an active part in the L3 experiment at LEP, and it participates now in the D0 experiment at Tevatron. In the tremendously successful Standard Model one important link is still missing. The spontaneously broken SU(2) × SU(1) gauge symmetry introduced by this model leads to existence of a scalar Higgs field. The observation of the predicted Higgs Boson is at present the most fundamental task in the high energy physics. Recent fits within the Standard Model to all available electroweak data combined with the measured top quark mass predict the Higgs Boson mass to be in the range 100−500 GeV with the most probable value around 130 GeV. The ongoing Tevatron experiments D0 and CDF with the upgraded luminosity of 5×10 32 cm −2 s −1 have some chance to discover the Higgs Boson if its mass is below 120 GeV. More extensive search (studies) of the Higgs Boson will be the primary goal for the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The energy of the colliding proton beams will be 7 TeV + 7 TeV, and the luminosity will reach 10 34 cm −2 s −1. With these parameters, LHC will have high discovery potential for the Higgs Boson in the whole predicted mass region. It is generally accepted that the Standard Model is not yet a complete theory, and some " new physics " should appear at the energy scale of several TeV. A possible extension of the Standard Model is Supersymmetry that allows unification of the three coupling of the gauge interactions at the very high energy scale. Superpartners for all the presently observed particles are expected at the TeV mass scale. At the LHC, the search for the Superparticles could be carried out over the entire theoretically plausible mass range. The other research areas covered by …

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Badush Dam, NW Iraq : A Geological Study
The river Tigris flows from Turkey towards Iraq in its northwestern part dissecting the whole Iraqi territory. During 1981– 1986 a very large earth fill dam was constructed, which is Mosul Dam impounding the flow of the Tigris River. It is the largest dam in Iraq and one of the largest in the Middle East. The geological conditions of the dam site and surroundings, however, are not suitable due to thick exposures of the Fatha Formation, which consists of marl, clay, limestone and gypsum. The gypsum and limestone beds are highly karstified causing severe problems to the dam foundation. Mosul dam suffers from serious problems due to the presence of karstified rocks; therefore, the Ministry of Irrigation in Baghdad, decided to construct a protection dam downstream of Mosul Dam; it is called Badush Dam. The geological conditions at Badush Dam site are the same as those at Mosul Dam site, which means the foundations of the dam are located on karstified rocks. Therefore, grouting works were planned and designed and it was partly performed from the beginning of the construction in 1988. The construction of the dam; however, stopped in 1991 due to the consequences of the First Gulf War. The constructed parts of the dam are (30 – 40) %. In this study, we have presented the main problems, which will cause real danger to Badush Dam, if its construction is re-started, and we have suggested many requirements to avoid any hazard that may cause the collapse of Badush Dam.