The Effect of Aluminum on the Two-Stage Pe rox i d e B I each i n g of Eucalyptus regnans Stone Groundwood Pulp
The addition of aluminum nitrate (up to 100 ppm A1 on pulp) to a two-stage, acidalkali, hydrogen peroxide bleach of Eucalyptus regnans stone groundwood pulp enhanced the brightness gain of the pulp, over a range of consistencies. It is proposed that the presence of aluminum ions modifies the catalytic behaviour of the transition metal ions present in the pulp, especially manganese, reducing peroxide consumption while increasing the brightness of the pulp. The two-stage process, under optimized conditions at low consistency, consumes considerably less peroxide while achieving a greater brightness increase than a singlestage alkaline peroxide bleach.
Two-Stage Peroxide Bleaching of Eucalypt-SGW with Chromium Catalysts
Abstract The addition of chromium nitrate to a two-stage hydrogen peroxide bleach of Eucalypt SGW can enhance the brightness of the pulp. It is proposed that radicals produced in the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by chromium under acidic conditions participate in reactions which render the chromophores more susceptible to bleaching in the alkaline stage. This two-stage process, under optimised conditions, consumes no more peroxide than a traditional single stage alkaline bleach and allows the pulp to be bleached to a given brightness in a shorter time. Enhanced bleaching response was also observed for a two-stage acid/alkali peroxide bleaching sequence without the addition of chromium, and we have attributed this effect to catalytic effects of transition metal ions which occur naturally in the pulp.
Trouble-shooting dual arch impressions.
Dual arch impression techniques enable the dentist to capture an impression of the prepared tooth, the opposing teeth and the occlusal registration in one procedure. This saves chair time and impression material.