Industrial Potentiality of Alluvial Clays Deposits from Cameroon: Influence of Lateritic Clayey Admixture for Fired Bricks Production
The cartography and characterization of an alluvial clay deposit from Ebebda (Central region of Cameroon) were carried out in order to assess its suitability for the production of fired clay bricks. The clayey area investigated is ~ 50,000 m2 with an average thickness of the exploitable layer of 2.2 m, suggesting a deposit of about ~2.2 × 105 tonnes of clay. Mineralogy, physico-chemical and thermal analyses as well as firing properties were performed on representative clay samples. Kaolinite and quartz are the major minerals associated to illite. Upon heating to 900℃ - 1200℃, the linear shrinkage varies from 1.5% to 15%, the water absorption from 1.5% to 24% and the bending strength from 2 to 12 MPa. The admixture of lateritic clays (widely available) at 50%, 60%, 70% and 80% allow to decrease the shrinkage and bending strength, and to increase the water absorption. Overall, properties were satisfying the requirement for fired brick with 70% of laterite in the mixture.
Technological characterization and industrial application of two Turkish clays for the ceramic industry
Abstract This study focuses on the mineralogical, chemical, thermal and physical characterization of Afyon and Istanbul clays from Turkey and evaluation of the potential of the Afyon clay to manufacture traditional ceramic products with industrial processing. The suitability of the raw clay material from Afyon region to produce floor tiles was not tested yet. The effect of partial substitution of the clay from Istanbul–Sile deposit (one of the main clay producing areas of Turkey) by Afyon clay on ceramic properties was studied. The studied samples were kaolinite (Istanbul clay) and illite (Afyon clay) based materials. While there were no major differences in water absorption, the bending strength decreased slightly when the kaolinitic Istanbul clay was substituted by the illitic Afyon clay for floor tile production. Almost all technological properties of the Afyon clay deposit demonstrated the industrial suitability of Afyon clay as a potential ceramic raw material for the growing Turkish ceramic tile industry.
Total Lobbying : What Lobbyists Want (and How They Try to Get It)
1. Studying lobbyists and lobbying 2. Lobbying and lobbyists in the United States: a primer 3. Public policy lobbying, part 1 4. Public policy lobbying, part 2 5. Land-use lobbying 6. Procurement lobbying 7. Summary and conclusions.