Sorocein I, a new Diels-Alder type adduct from Sorocea ilicifolia.
From ethyl acetate extract of the root bark of Sorocea ilicifolia a new ketalized Diels-Alder type adduct, sorocein I (1), was isolated.
Diels-Alder Type Adducts from Hairy Root Cultures of Morus macroura
− Three Diels-Alder type adducts, guangsangon E ( 1 ), chalcomoracin ( 2 ) and sorocein I ( 3 ) were isolated from hairy root cultures of Morus macroura . The structures of the isolated compounds ( 1 - 3 ) were determined by spectroscopic method (NMR and MS), and spectral comparison to literature. Cytotoxic activities of the isolated compounds ( 1 - 3 ) were investigated against P-388 murine leukemia cell line. Guangsangon E ( 1 ) showed the most potent cytotoxicity against P-388 murine leukemia cell line with IC 50 value of 2.75 ± 0.32 µg/ mL. To the best of our knowledge, guangsangon E ( 1 ) and sorocein I ( 3 ) were reported for the first time from the tissue cultures of M. macroura .
Papeniest Wasps (Polistes): Observations and Study Methods
Wasps of the genus Polistes (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) respond well to colony transplantation, supplementary feeding with caterpillars and honey, use of simple artificial shelters consisting of a gable roof supported on a stake, and to rearing in various sizes and models of cages. Management for behavioral studies as well as for evaluation of economic potential as predators is thus possible.