Research on bearing capacity of inclined pile under vertical load
Inclination of piles may occur due to different reasons. How to determine the bearing capacity of inclined piles is a tough problem in practice. Field load tests on inclined piles, the required characteristics of soil for FEM analysis were obtained to conduct numerical analysis. The bearing capacities of piles with different degrees of inclination under different soil conditions were studied. It was shown that the settlement of piles was obviously influenced by the soil conditions, and that under the same vertical load the settlement of piles with the degree of inclination no more than 5 percent was even smaller, but the settlement of piles with the degree of inclination more than 5 percent increase obviously. With the inclination increases its bearing capacity is decreased obviously, thus the degree of inclination is the main factor of which control the vertical bearing capacity of inclined piles.
Shaft Resistance of Single Vertical and Batter Piles Driven in Sand
An experimental investigation of the shaft resistance of single vertical and batter piles pushed into sand was conducted. A prototype laboratory setup was designed for testing relatively large model piles, inclined at an angle that varied between zero and 30° with the vertical. Two model piles having diameters of 38 and 76 mm were tested at a ratio of the pile’s length to diameter up to 40, and subjected to axial compression loading. The pile models were instrumented to allow direct measurements of the shaft resistance. A theoretical model was developed to take into account the asymmetrical earth pressure distribution around the pile shaft, the level of mobilization of the angle of friction between the pile shaft and the sand, and the pile diameter. The results predicted by the theory developed agreed well with the experimental results of the present investigation as well as other experimental and field results available in the literature. Design charts are presented for use in practice. The results of th...
The Inca Occupation of the South Coast of Peru
like the others, however; it forks into several nearly parallel ravines of which the largest are Huayuri, Rio Grande-Palpa, Ingenio (called Collao in ancient times), Nasca proper (the ancient Caxamarca), Taruga, and Poroma. Due to peculiarities of the local topography, the irrigated areas in Ica and the ravines of Nasca are located inland, at the foot of the mountains, rather than at the mouths of the rivers as is more usual in Peruvian coastal valleys. No sharp natural or cultural boundary separates the valley of Chincha from the valleys of Cafiete (ancient Huarco and Runahuana), Asia, and Mala, the next valleys going up the coast to the northwest. At the other end of the area we are considering, however, there is a sharp break; beyond Yauca the Andean foothills reach out to the sea, natural conditions are quite different, and there are important differences in the archaeological picture as well. The historical sources which mention the south coast are not particularly helpful, except in so far as they provide us with a few dates. To begin with, no chronicler gives an explicit account of the political organization of the south coast at the time it came into contact with the Incas. It can, perhaps, be inferred from Cabello Balboa's statements about common policy toward the Inca invaders that there was some sort of political connection between the valleys of Mala, Cafiete, and Chincha, but the connection need have been no more than a temporary military alliance. Cabello makes no mention at all of Pisco. The valleys of Ica, Nasca, and 125