Chitosan-Tripoly Phosphate (CS-TPP) Synthesis Through Cross-linking Process: the Effect of Concentration Towards Membrane Mechanical Characteristic and Urea Permeation
Crosslinking reactions are required to modify the functional groups on chitosan and to increase the number of active groups of chitosan. In this study crosslinking reaction of tripolyphospate (TPP) groups on chitosan was conducted in order to produce membrane which functions as candidate of hemodialysis membrane. The mole ratio between chitosan and NaTPP was varied to obtain the best composition of modified materials. Study of TPP concentration effect towards membrane characteristics was conducte durea permeation ability. The resulting membrane was then characterized including tests of thickness, water uptake, tensile strength and membrane hydrophilicity. The results showed that the best composition of membrane occurred in the addition of 0.691 g of NaTPP proved byin creasing water uptake (150%), its highest mechanical strength and releasing the percentage of urea permeation by 44%.
Optimization of BCR Microwave from Fe Assessment in Sediment Material in The Gulf of Prigi
BCR methods are known for leaching of heavy metals in sediment material. However, there is no optimization of modification BCR using a microwave in Fe in the Gulf of Prigi sediment. Thus in this paper, we attempted to use the variation of modified microwave power (10%, 25%, 50% watt) followed with contact time ranges (from 1 to 3 minutes). The results showed the fast method of BCR for leached Fe using a microwave with an optimized condition in the fraction 1 and fraction 2 with 50% watt at 2 minutes, fraction 3 (10% watt at 2 minutes) and fraction 4 (temperature used at 185 degrees Celsius at 10 minutes) in sediment materials. These investigated were also supported by characterization using SEM EDAX and AAS measurements of Fe in the filtrate sediment.
Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems : A Review
Gastroretentive drug delivery system is gold standard novel delivery system. The purpose of writing this review is to compile the recent literature with special focus on various gastroretentive approaches. In recent years scientific and technological advancements have been provided in the research and development of rate-controlled oral drug delivery systems by overcoming physiological adversities, such as short gastric residence times (GRT) and unpredictable gastric emptying times (GET). Several approaches are useful in the prolongation of the GRT, including floating drug delivery systems (FDDS), Gastro retentive floating drug delivery systems (GFDDS) are the systems which are retained in the stomach for a longer period of time and leads to improve the bioavailability of drugs. Gupta et al: Gastroretentive Drug Delivery Systems 2 JChrDD  2014  Vol 5  Issue