The Politics of Gun Control and India's Internal Security
In the past two decades, security has come to be one of the most contested and debated concepts within the domain of international relations. Its state-centred contours interpreted narrowly as security of territory from external aggression, or as protection of national interests in foreign policy or as global security from the threat of nuclear holocaust, have today made way for a new security understanding that includes economic, environmental, cultural sectors and new security referents—societies, nonstate actors, individuals. This conceptual widening has been complemented at a practical level by a growing focus on conflicts and security challenges that stem from within states and which trace their roots to non-traditional sources such as drugs, terrorism, small arms, cyber war and trafficking in human beings.
The Maoist insurgency in India: between crime and revolution
Since 2004, the Indian government has described the country's Maoist insurgency as a grave threat to domestic security. A study of the sustaining dynamics behind Maoist violence suggests that the rebels are growing operationally stronger due to profits derived from organized crime. Having built up a parasitic economy that operates within the boundaries of nominal state control, they are proceeding to undermine that same control. In effect, the Maoists have assumed characteristics of a Mafia group. With India's economic growth having surged in recent years, their ability to finance aggressive operations and consolidate their subversive infrastructure has increased correspondingly.
Analysis of the Ionospheric Effect for Time Offsets per GPS Code Measurements
This paper shows the analysis results of time offsets using P1, P2 and P3 code in GPS time transfer. The r2cggtts program has been used in GNSS Time Transfer and use the P3 ionosphere free combination of P1 and P2 code measurements. We modified the r2cggtts program in order to calculate and write all kinds of time offsets P3 as well as P1 and P2. The result of the modified r2cggtts program shows that time offsets using P1 and P2 are of wide distribution comparing to time offsets using P3. In order to Figure out the error factors for wide distributions of P1 and P2, we analyze and present the relation between the elevation angle and time offsets in this paper.