HBM ESD EDA check method applied to complete smart power IC's — Functional initialization and implementation
A functional approach to check global IC ESD schematic network correctness and protected circuitry ESD compliance using Calibre® Mentor PERC is presented and applied to Smart Power IC product. Developed checker exploits an initialization method able to accurately define ESD paths. The project follows ESD Association EDA International Working Group guidelines.
EDA checker for identification of excessive ESD voltage drop-implementation to smart power IC's
A customized checker able to calculate HBM voltage drop and to identify product circuitry prone to excessive over voltages is ideated, implemented, and successfully applied to Smart Power products. This checker is conceived as part of a complete verification flow covering all main aspects of IC designs ESD compliance.
Effect of superficial gas velocity on the particle temperature distribution in a fluidized bed with heat production
The heat transfer behavior of particles and gas in an olefin polymerization fluidized bed was numerically analyzed using an in-house developed 3-D computational fluid dynamics discrete element model (CFD-DEM). First the implementation of the model was verified by comparing simulation results with analytical results. A constant volumetric heat production rate was implemented in the particle energy equation to mimic the heat production due to the polymerization reaction. It was found that the probability density function (PDF) of the particle temperature becomes more homogeneous with increasing superficial gas velocity. Furthermore, instantaneous snapshots of the thermal driving force (the difference between the single particle temperature and bed-average gas temperature, Tp− ) for different heat production rates provide detailed insight in the particle temperature distribution inside the fluidized bed. The time- and bed-averaged particle convective heat transfer coefficient, which was calculated by Gunn׳s correlation, was found to be independent of the superficial gas velocity. This is explained by the fact that the relative velocity of gas and particles in the emulsion phase, where most of the particles and gas interact, is hardly influenced when increasing the gas superficial velocity. From the spatial distribution of Nusselt number, it becomes apparent that the high heat transfer regions are found in the wake of rising bubbles, whereas low heat transfer rates are found in the clouds of the bubbles.