Evaluation of novel synthetic conditioning polymers for shampoos.
Cationic polymers have traditionally been used in shampoo formulations to impart conditioning properties to hair. In this study, commercial synthetic cationic polymers were investigated using coacervate formation, objective wet comb analysis, silicone deposition and panel studies to determine structure function properties with the goal of developing novel conditioning polymers. New polymers were synthesized and, based on criteria determined in the first part of the study, found to have marginal improvement over existing synthetic cationic conditioning polymers. A novel experimental polymer developed for a different industry was also investigated for conditioning properties. This polymer showed significant enhancement of silicone deposition over current commercial polymers, including cationic guar, even at significantly reduced silicone and polymer concentrations. The experimental polymer exhibited parity or improvement over benchmark polymers in panel studies, and similar performance to other synthetic polymers in objective wet comb studies.
Cationic cellulosic polymers with multifunctional and outstanding performance for personal care
Polyquaternium - 10(PQ - 10)is the generic name for cationic cellulosic polymers that are used in shampoo systems to impart conditioning properties to hair. PQ - 10 is compatible with a broad range of surfactants giving excellent shampoo clarity.Upon dilution of the shampoo during washing and rinsing, cationic cellulosic polymers form a complex with anionic / amphoteric surfactant systems that phase separates from the bulk solution.This phase separation(or coacervation)is a well - known phenomenon known as the "Lockhead Effect" . The coacervate is a gel like phase that contains a high level of cationic charge and is known to deposit the polymer on negatively charged hair,forming a clear fillm. In addition, coacervales aid in the deposition of insoluble actives, such as silicone. Recent studies have shown that viscosity and charge density of cationic cellulosic polymers are important predictors of shampoo benefits such as volume and conditioning. The type of coacervate formed varies depending on the cationic polymer and the surfactant system used in the formulation. By choosing the appropriate polymer and surfactant system, formulators can predict and control deposition levels of insoluble actives as well as the polymer itself.
Formation of unexpected ions from a first-generation polyamidoamine dendrimer by use of methanol: an artefact due to electrospray emitter corrosion?
We report the formation of unexpected ions during the analyses of a first-generation polyamidoamine dendrimer in negative ion mode using an ion trap equipped with an electrospray ionisation source. These surprising ions corresponded to an increase of 12 m/z units over those expected. The formation of the unexpected ions was dependent on the tuning of the solution flow rate and the capillary high voltage. In addition, measurements of unusual value of the current suggested that a reaction was occurring in the corona plasma. The influence of methanol in this phenomenon was demonstrated by using CD(3)OH in the sample preparation. We propose two structures to explain the observed adduct based on the results of MS(2) experiments and by referring to previous work dealing with 12 m/z units addition. We showed that a corona discharge caused by alterations taking place to the electrospray capillary emitter was the origin of these unexpected ions. Finally, we discuss the mechanism involved in the formation of the ions and we propose means to control such artefacts.