Fatty acid composition of oils of various types ofOlea europaea
The oil was extracted with n-hexane in a Soxhlet apparatus [6]. The composition and relative percentage amounts of the fatty aQids in the 0ils were studied by gas-liquid chromatography on a Chromi4 chromatograph with a 4 mm × 2.5 m column f~lled with 17% of ethylene succinate on Chromaton NAW-DMCS at 196°C. The fatty acids of the oils were chromatographed in the form of their methyl esters. The peaks of the fatty acfd methyl esters were identified from their relative retention times [7].
Fatty acid composition of oleaster pulp and pit oils
Fatty acid compositions of oleaster pulp and pit oils were determined by gas chromatography in 4 samples of different varieties. Pit oils were highly unsaturated, containing >90% linoleic, oleic, and linolenic acids, as well as traces of palmitoleic acid. Saturated fatty acids consisted of palmitic and stearic acids with traces of arachidic acid. Pulp oils showed fatty acid compositions entirely different from that of pit oils. They contained 9 saturated fatty acids, C12 to C24, some of them with high quantities, up to 34.9%, of the total fatty acids. Unsaturated fatty acids, mainly oleic and linoleic, with low quantities of palmitoleic and linolenic acids composed about one-third of the total fatty acids.
Basic Gas Chromatography
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. PREFACE. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 1 INTRODUCTION. A Brief History. Definitions. Overview: Advantages and Disadvantages. Instrumentation. References. 2 INSTRUMENT OVERVIEW. Carrier Gas. Flow Control and Measurement. Sample Inlets and Sampling Devices. Columns. Temperature Zones. Detectors. Data Systems. References. 3 BASIC CONCEPTS AND TERMS. Definitions, Terms, and Symbols. The Rate Theory. A Redefinition of H. The Achievement of Separation. References. 4 STATIONARY PHASES. Selecting a Column. Classification of Stationary Phases for GLC. Liquid Stationary Phases (GLC). Solid Stationary Phases (GSC). References. 5 PACKED COLUMNS AND INLETS. Solid Supports. Liquid Stationary Phases. Solid Stationary Phases (GSC). Gas Analysis. Analysis of Other Inorganics. Inlets for Liquid Samples and Solutions. Special Columns. Upgrading for Capillary Columns. References. 6 CAPILLARY COLUMNS AND INLETS. Types of OT Columns. OT Column Tubing. Advantages of OT Columns. Column Selection. Capillary Inlet Systems. Miscellaneous Topics. References. 7 DETECTORS. Classification of Detectors. Detector Characteristics. Flame Ionization Detector (FID). Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD). Electron Capture Detector (ECD). Other Detectors. References. 8 QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS. Qualitative Analysis. Quantitative Analysis. References. 9 PROGRAMMED TEMPERATURE. Temperature Effects. Advantages and Disadvantages of PTGC. Requirements of PTGC. Theory of PTGC. Special Topics. References. 10 GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY (GC-MS). Instrumentation. History. Limitations of GC-MS Systems. Data Analysis. References. 11 MULTIDIMENSIONAL GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY. Overview. Fundamental Principles of Multidimensional Chromatography. GCxGC with Heart Cutting. Comprehensive GCxGC. LCxGC with Heart Cutting. Comprehensive LCxGC. Summary. References. 12 SAMPLING METHODS. Overview. Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE). Solid-Liquid Extraction: Soxhlet Extraction and Accelerated Solvent Extraction (ASE). Liquid-Solid Extraction: Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE). Liquid- or Solid-Vapor Extraction: Headspace Extraction. Solid-Phase Micro-extraction (SPME). Additional Techniques and Summary. References. 13 SPECIAL TOPICS. Fast GC. Chiral Analysis by GC. GC Analysis of Nonvolatile Compounds. References. 14 TROUBLESHOOTING GC SYSTEMS. APPENDIX I SYMBOLS AND ACRONYMS. APPENDIX II GUIDELINES FOR SELECTING CAPILLARY COLUMNS. APPENDIX III GC: HOW TO AVOID PROBLEMS. APPENDIX IV CALCULATION OF SPLIT RATIO FOR SPLIT INJECTION ON OT COLUMNS. APPENDIX V OPERATING CONDITIONS FOR CAPILLARY COLUMNS. APPENDIX VI OV LIQUID PHASES PHYSICAL PROPERTY DATA. APPENDIX VII SOME COMPRESSIBILITY CORRECTION FACTORS (J). APPENDIX VIII SOME INTERNET WEBSITES FOR GAS CHROMATOGRAPHERS. APPENDIX IX OTHER BOOKS ON GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY. INDEX OF APPLICATIONS. INDEX.