NVH Optimization of Range Extender Engines by Electric Torque Profile Shaping
Range extender operation in an electric vehicle should be imperceptible to the driver from a noise/vibration standpoint. Rolling torque compensation allows virtually vibration-free range extender engine operation by utilizing a balanced counter-rotating inertia that is geared to the cranktrain. The combustion process results in engine torque fluctuations that could cause gear rattle in such a system due to a combination of torque reversal and lash in the geared connection. This brief paper addresses the problem of gear rattle in a rolling torque compensation system. First, a preloaded split gear is introduced as a potential mechanical solution to eliminate the clearance in the gear contact zone. In addition, an approach for a mechatronic solution involving active shaping of the generator torque is introduced. This methodology includes measurement of the combustion engine torque via cylinder pressure indication data, calculation of allowable torque limits, and the determination of a generator torque profile to address gear rattle. A multicriteria cost function is introduced to determine the optimal torque within the established constraints. Variations of the cost function are investigated with respect to their impact on efficiency and range extender acoustics.
Prediction of interior noise by excitation force of the powertrain based on hybrid transfer path analysis
In the early design stage of a vehicle, simulation of interior noise is useful for assessment and enhancement of the noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) performance. Traditional transfer path analysis (TPA) technology cannot simulate interior noise since it uses an experimental method. In order to solve this problem, hybrid TPA is employed in this paper. Hybrid TPA uses simulated excitation force as the input force, which excites the flexible body of a car at the mount points, while traditional TPA uses the measured force. This simulated force is obtained by numerical analysis of the finite element (FE) model of a powertrain. Interior noise is predicted by multiplying the simulated force by the vibro-acoustic transfer function (VATF) of the vehicle. The VATF is the acoustic response in the compartment of a car to the input force at the mount point of the powertrain in the flexible car body. The trend of the predicted interior noise based on the hybrid TPA corresponds very well to the measured interior noise, with some difference due to not only experimental error and simulation error, but also the effect of the airborne path.
Improvement of LIEF by wavelength-resolved acquisition of multiple images using a single CCD detector – Simultaneous 2D measurement of air/fuel ratio, temperature distribution of the liquid phase and qualitative distribution of the liquid phase with the Multi-2D technique
The exciplex tracer system fluorobenzene (FB) and diethyl-methyl-amine (DEMA) in a solution of n-hexane and methyl-tert.-butylether (MTBE) was used to investigate the mixture formation in a fired direct injection spark ignition engine. The scope of this paper is the recently developed Multi-2D technique, which allows for the simultaneous measurement of the local air/fuel ratio (λ-distribution of the vapor phase), the qualitative distribution of the liquid phase, the temperature distribution of the liquid phase, and the detection of Mie scattering in this application. Basically, the Multi-2D technique consists of a new optical setup, which images the same field of view four times onto one camera, thus combining spatial and spectral resolution based on interference filters. The liquid temperature is derived via “two-line” thermometry. Using the liquid phase temperature the crosstalk from the liquid into the spectral detection range of the vapor phase is corrected. Quantitative results of the crosstalk-corrected vapor phase signals are achieved by an in-situ calibration.