The Effects of Cultural Values on Traditional Islamic-Arabic Houses in the Middle East
Culture and design determine the space-influenced values; they specifically outline space variations between values within a culture in relation to design space-influenced values. By the vision of an ideal life, one can shape and mold the vision of space by reflecting cultural forces such as religious beliefs. The purpose of this study will determine cultural values and religious beliefs and, in turn, assess the effects on the formation of houses in the Middle East. For this principle, the elements of traditional Islamic-Arabic homes showed effects by determining certain elements such as the bent entrance, the courtyard, the Haramlek and Salamlik (women’s and men’s quarters), and the Mashrabiya (wooden windows). Qualitative analysis was used as the method to analyze the case studies comparing traditional courtyard homes to today’s housing. The results have shown that today’s housing was unsuccessful when trying to imitate the provision of privacy as it was in the houses during the past.
Housing Adaptations: A Study of Asian Indian Immigrant Homes in Toronto
ABSTRACT/RESUME This paper investigates if and how immigrants modify their domestic space to suit their ethno-cultural needs. Findings are based on an empirical study of the exterior and interior of Asian-Indian immigrant homes in Toronto. The study determines that Asian-Indian homeowners do not aspire to more adaptations than their mainstream counterparts. The majority of respondents in the sample made structural changes; however, the changes were made predominately to their homes' interiors. Physical manifestations of Asian-Indian ethnic expressions on the outside of homes were minimal. Internal changes were made to accommodate large social and religious gatherings and, in some cases, to house extended family. Except for the need for a prayer room, additional storage space, and adequate ventilation in the kitchen, the changes appear typical of the changes "mainstream Canadians" would make. The study recommends flexible house design that would allow easier adaptations to daily domestic needs. Cet article cherche a savoir si les immigrants modifient leur espace domestique afin de combler leurs besoins ethnoculturels et comment ils le font. Les resultats se basent stir une etude empirique portant sur l'exterieur et l'interieur des domiciles d'immigrants provenant de l'Inde a Toronto. Selon l'etude, les proprietaires indiens ne veulent pas de s'adapter plus qu'un Canadien typique. La majorite des repondants composant l'echantillon ont effectue des changements structurels. Toutefois, ils ont surtout ete executes a l'interieur. A l'exterieur, les marques physiques exprimant la culture indienne etaient minimes. Les changements interieurs ont ete effectues afin d'accommoder les grandes reunions sociales et religieuses et dans certains cas, dans le but d'heberger la famille etendue. Outre le besoin d'une salle de priere, d'espaces de rangement accru et d'une ventilation adequate dans la cuisine, lea renovations semblent etre pareilles a celles qu'executerait un "Canadien typique." L'etude prone des modeles de maisons dont le concept serait plus flexible et faciliterait donc son adaptation aux besoins domestiques quotidiens. INTRODUCTION Immigrants of various ethnic backgrounds have transformed the Canadian urban landscape over the last several decades, expressing their identities, needs, and preferences in a growing number of business enclaves and religious and ethnic institutions. We are aware that ethnic business concentrations and religious institutional buildings in Canada contribute to the establishment of identifiable ethnic areas. However, we do not know whether the interiors and exteriors of residential buildings also gain a recognizable ethnic distinctiveness. If so, how do home dwellers modify their domestic space to suit their ethno-cultural needs? These are the questions this study explores. Answers will in turn help us create fairer housing policies and building standards for ethnically diverse societies. We can also learn lessons and perhaps find solutions to equally accommodate the housing design requirements of divergent groups. Canadian researchers are beginning to realize the importance of ethnic adaptations to the built environment. Some researchers have studied how immigrant groups changed external elements of existing buildings, mostly commercial. Buzzelli's (2001) study documents how Italian minorities in the Little Italy area of Toronto changed the original Georgian idiom of the streetscape by introducing Italian features to commercial buildings. Lai (1988, 1990) studied the transformation in the architecture of buildings in Chinatowns across North America. Still, little empirical evidence exists about the ways different ethnic groups organize, use, and adapt the interiors and exteriors of their homes. This empirical study explores how immigrant home dwellers shape and reshape domestic spaces-interior as well as exterior-to express their thoughts, concerns, and beliefs. …
Design of Fixture for Pitch Circle Diameter Run-out Check
The design of fixture is an exceptionally mind boggling and natural process, which require learning and knowledge. Fixture configuration assumes an imperative part at the setup arranging stage. Appropriate fixture configuration is urgent for creating item quality in various terms of exactness, surface complete and accuracy of the machined parts. In existing plan the installation set up is done physically, so the point of this undertaking is to supplant with installation to spare time for stacking and emptying of segment. Apparatuses are ordinarily grouped by the kind of machine on which they are utilized. Installations can likewise be recognized by a sub arrangement. For instance, if an installation is intended to be utilized for examination called as inspection apparatus. By using the new designed fixture, run-out checking become easier and process becomes simpler.