Zmiany strukturalne przemysłu Polski w warunkach kryzysu gospodarczego
The global economic crisis which started in 2007 in the United States of America, at different times and to a different extent affected various sectors and national economies of the world. In Poland, its symptoms were noticeable later than in other countries. In the first phase of the crisis (2007- 2008), there was no direct effect, due to the fact that initially the turmoil on global financial markets had weaker effect on the national economy, and it was limited mainly to capital markets, affecting the sectors of agriculture, industry, and services to a lesser extent. However, as recession grew in force, the crisis gradually began to affect also the results of economic activity, including industry. In 2009, a significant decrease in the value of production sold, as compared to the previous year, was observed. The question is whether this had been reflected in changes of spatial industrial structure. The five-year period of the economic recession seems to be long enough to assess such changes. Therefore, the paper analyses the transformation of the spatial structure of Polish industry during crisis, based on the basic indicators of potential, such as employment and the value of production sold, as well as concentration coefficients. The year 2007 was adopted as the base year, treating it as a pre-crisis year. The conclusions of the detailed analysis indicated that the impact of crisis on the change of the spatial structure of the Polish industry is very limited and the observed trends of change did not differ substantially from the general industrial development trends in Poland, identified by previous studies. It should be noted, however, that the structure of industry is characterized by high “inertia” due to the complexity and size of the investment process. Therefore, in the following several years no deep and sudden transformation should be expected, even during economic recession.
Wpływ uwarunkowań międzynarodowych na rozwój przedsiębiorstw przemysłowych
The paper presents the problem of the impact of international determinants on the functioning of industrial enterprises. The author defines the functions of industrial enterprises in the geographical space (basic, complementary, standard, regional, local) and presents the main international and domestic deter-minants of companies development (including markets, global economic and political situation, ownership structure, economic policy) and types of companies relationships with the international environment (prod-uct, raw materials, capital, financial, technological, information, employment). The consideration was treated as current directions of research in the field of industrial geography.
Kształtowanie się przedsiębiorstw przemysłowych w procesie globalizacji
Podejmując problematyke ksztaltowania sie przedsiebiorstw przemyslowych w procesieglobalizacji wstepnie przyjmujemy, iz kazda firma prowadzi dzialalnośc gospodarczączy uslugową w celu osiągniecia maksymalnego zysku (obecnie lub w dalszym okresieczasu). Do osiągniecia tego celu zmierza poprzez rozwijanie dzialalności gospodarczej,w zalezności od zasobow kapitalowych, mozliwości produkcyjnych oraz pozycji na rynku(światowym, kontynentalnym, krajowym, regionalnym czy lokalnym), dąząc do coraz lepszegozaspokajania potrzeb i oczekiwan konsumentow. Dzialaniom tego typu towarzyszątendencje do stalego podnoszenia produktywności, poprzez wykorzystywanie istniejącychzasobow produkcyjnych bedących do dyspozycji przedsiebiorstwa.