Investigation of tribological and mechanical properties of Nb-Al-N coatings before and after annealing
Coatings Nb-Al-N were deposited on a silicon substrate under argon and nitrogen by magnetron sputtering at a substrate temperature of 350 °C and a constant current of 250 mA at the aluminum cathode. The analysis of the dependence chemical composition, morphology, structure and mechanical properties of the annealing temperature were performed for different series of coatings. Coatings demonstrated high thermal stability after annealing to 1000 °C.
Comparison of tribological characteristics of nanostructured TiN, MoN, and TiN/MoN Arc-PVD coatings
The tribological properties of TiN, MoN, and TiN/MoN coatings have been investigated. It has been shown that, for multilayer (alternate) TiN/MoN coatings, a maximum hardness reaches 29–31 GPa that is significantly less than the hardness of MoN coatings (36.0–40.2 GPa) when changing the deposition conditions. MoN coatings possess lower coefficients of friction compared to TiN coatings, in particular at the initial stages of a scratch test. Two mechanisms of destruction are revealed by the adhesion tests, i.e., a cohesive failure with a minimum critical loading LC1 and an adhesive test (plastic abrasion) with the appearance of a first crack LC2. The resistance of multilayer (nanoscale) nanostructured TiN/MoN coatings with a total thickness of up to 8 μm is greater than that of TiN coatings.
Comparative Industrial Sociology and the Convergence Hypothesis
Industrial sociology grew spectacularly after World War II, concentrating on three areas: workers' relations with each other, their managers, and their unions; the social organization of the factory; and the impact of technology on social systems extending from the factory to the society. Unable to sus­ tain leadership in all of these areas, industrial sociology shrivelled as other fields invaded its domains. Human relations became the ideological property of the business schools; labor economics maintained its grip on industrial relations; industry-community relations waned as interest in community power soared; industrial organizations were absorbed into the study of com­ plex organizations; occupational sociology maintained research impetus in labor force analysis; and the sociology of the economy dominated the study of industry's institutional relationships. Industrial sociology survived on remnants: worker-machine relationships (job satisfaction, alienation, un­ employment), organizational responses to technological changes. and a bit of working-class ethnology. Enduring interest in technology, however, en­ abled industrial sociology to take part in sociology's expanding interest in comparative studies.