Influence of reaction channel on the isomeric cross-section ratio
Summary The influence of reaction channel on the isomeric cross-section ratio was investigated by analysing the experimental data on the reactions 52Cr(p, n)52m,gMn, 52Cr(3He, t)52m,gMn, 54Fe(d, α)52m,gMn, 54Fe(n, t)52m,gMn and 54Fe(3He, α p)52m,gMn over the incident particle energy range extending up to 35 MeV. The influence is most pronounced when the channels differ widely, for example (p, n) and (3He, t) processes, i.e. when the reaction mechanisms are different. The nuclear model calculational code EMPIRE-II described the isomeric cross-section ratio rather well in the case of a simple nucleon emission reaction, but not when complex reaction channels were involved.
Local and global nucleon optical models from 1 keV to 200 MeV
Abstract We present new phenomenological optical model potentials (OMPs) for neutrons and protons with incident energies from 1 keV up to 200 MeV, for (near-)spherical nuclides in the mass range 24⩽ A ⩽209. They are based on a smooth, unique functional form for the energy dependence of the potential depths, and on physically constrained geometry parameters. For the first time, this enables one to predict basic scattering observables over a broad mass range and over an energy range that covers several orders of magnitude in MeV. Thereby, the necessity of using different OMPs in different energy regions has been removed. Using extensive grid searches and a new computational steering technique, we have obtained optical model parameters for many isotopes separately. We recommend that the resulting, so-called local, optical models be used in theoretical analyses of nuclear data. From these parameterizations, we have also constructed asymmetry-dependent neutron and proton global OMPs that are superior to all other existing phenomenological ones, not only with respect to the description of observables, but also as they cover larger mass and energy ranges. These (nucleon) global OMPs, we believe, may be used with some confidence in other studies whenever one of our local OMPs does not exist. To constrain our parameterization as much as possible and to assess the performance of our OMPs, we have compared our calculated results with an extensive experimental data set. This data set includes average resonance parameters, total and non-elastic cross sections, elastic scattering angular distributions and analyzing powers. The numerous local OMPs we have obtained allow us to disentangle asymmetry, Coulomb correction and mass-dependent components of our global OMPs.
Correlation between Fluoride Release, Microhardness and Solubility of High viscosity Glass Ionomers
This study was to measure and compare the amount of fluoride, microhardness and solubility of high viscosity glass ionomer and resin-reinforced glass ionomer during 84 days. Fuji IX GP EXTRA, Fuji IX GP, Fuji II LC and FiltekTM Z350XT stored in deionized water for 84 days to measure fluoride release, microhardness and solubility. As a result of measurement of fluoride release, all the glass ionomers showed the highest amount of fluoride release on day 1 and gradually decreased. Fuji IX GP EXTRA showed the highest amount of fluoride release and cumulative release. And Fuji IX GP and Fuji II LC showed no significant difference. Microhardness measurements showed that all experimental groups decreased 1 day after exposure to water. After 84 days, microhardness showed no significant difference between Fuji IX GP EXTRA and Fuji IX GP, and Fuji II LC was the lowest. In the solubility measurement, Fuji IX GP EXTRA, Fuji IX GP, and Fuji II LC increased rapidly to 21 days. After 21 days, there was no significant difference in the three groups. As a result, short term fluoride release affects solubility and microhardness, but long term fluoride release has no correlation. Through this study, the amount of fluoride, microhardness, and solubility of various glass ionomers were evaluated, and these properties could be applied clinically.