The Right to Privacy for Children on the Internet: New Developments in the Case Law of the European Court of Human Rights
In recent years, the European Court of Human Rights has published an increasing number of decisions on the right to privacy for children online. In its case law, the Court addresses the vulnerable position of minors in a digital environment. The aim of this chapter is two fold. First, it seeks to analyse recent case law of the European Court of Human Rights on the right to respect for private life (Article 8 ECHR) for children on the Internet. Second, it aims to investigate and critically discuss whether the characteristics of online modes of communications have sufficiently been taken into account by the European Court in its case law on the right to privacy for children.
The problem of unwanted online publication and use of images of children and young people : A legal challenge
........................................................................................................................................ 5 CHAPTER ONE – INTRODUCTION, OBJECTIVES AND SCOPE ............................................................. 7 I  Chapter Introduction ............................................................................................................ 7 II  Background ........................................................................................................................... 7 A  Images and Cyberbullying .............................................................................................. 11 B  Images, Privacy and Control ........................................................................................... 12 III  Scope .................................................................................................................................. 17 A  Images ............................................................................................................................ 17 B  Images and the Internet ................................................................................................. 24 C  Children and Young People ............................................................................................ 30 IV  Research Questions and Objectives ................................................................................... 33 V  Framework and Research Method ..................................................................................... 34 VI  Thesis Outline ..................................................................................................................... 36 A  Chapter Division ............................................................................................................. 36 1  What is the Problem You are Trying to Solve? ........................................................... 36 2  Why is Government Action Needed? ......................................................................... 37 3  What Policy Options are you Considering, What is the Likely Benefit of Each and Which is the Best Among Those Considered? .................................................................... 37 VII  Significance of Research and Original Contribution to Knowledge ................................ 38 VIII  Chapter Summary ........................................................................................................... 40 CHAPTER TWO –THE IMPACT OF IMAGES ON CHILD DEVELOPMENT ........................................... 43 I  Introduction and Chapter Outline ...................................................................................... 43 II  Images and Harm: Gaps in the Literature .......................................................................... 44 III  Framework and Research Scope ........................................................................................ 50 IV  Self‐Concept and Self‐Esteem ............................................................................................ 54 A  The Meaning and Importance of Self‐Esteem ................................................................ 55 B  Influences on Self‐Esteem .............................................................................................. 59 1  Perceptions of How Others See Us ............................................................................. 59 2  Self‐Esteem and Appearance ..................................................................................... 62 3  Images, Impression Management and Self‐Esteem ................................................... 67 (a)  Context Collapse ................................................................................................. 71
‘Caveat Viewer!’: The rationale of the possession offence
In the light of the increasing availability of extreme and violent pornography on the Internet and its perceived harmful effect on society, a new law is being proposed that would render the simple possession of such material a criminal offence. Child pornography laws are similar to the proposed law in some respect, but there are major differences between them. This article looks at the rationale behind possession offence and analyses it in the context of child pornography. The article will then proceed by highlighting some of the legal issues involved in regulating extreme pornography, both at domestic and EU levels, and contrast this with child pornography laws. This will be examined from a human rights perspective, with particular reference to free expression and privacy rights. The article will analyse if the possession offence for extreme pornography undermines any of these rights, in which case it would be wiser to explore other possible avenues for regulation.