Pizza and Pizza Chefs in Japan: A Case of Culinary Globalization: By Rossella Ceccarini
As suggested by the title of the book, Rossella Ceccarini provides an intriguing history and ethnography of the globalization of artisanal pizza and pizza chefs, primarily in and between Italy and Japan. The chapters of her book are each devoted to a particular vertex of a “cultural diamond” of pizza: pizza as a cultural object, Italian pizzerias in Japan as a social world, Japanese consumers as receivers, and Japanese and Italian pizzaiolos as creators. She begins with a history of pizza from its contested etymological origins in Israel and the lands of Levantine Arabic in the late tenth century, to its humble presence on the tables of the poor in Italy from the seventeenth century to the nineteenth century, and its gradual popularization among not only the royalty of Italy (especially, Queen Margherita in the nineteenth century), but also the rest of the world (following the Italian migration to the United States and the Second World War). As part of this history, she traces the transformations pizza undergoes in terms of both its physical shape and in the composition of the network of actors associated with its travel (e.g. migrants and later a “package” constituted by the aforementioned vertices of the cultural diamond). In the next chapters on Italian restaurants and pizzerias in Japan from the 1950s to the present, she focuses on the historical and symbolic establishment of Italian cuisine, and in particular artisanal pizza, through the accumulation of cultural capital and signs of authenticity by chefs in Japan. Following these chapters is an analysis of the interaction between Japanese (female) consumers and Italian chefs in the mutual shaping of pizza and taste. Finally, Ceccarini describes the influence, perception, and experiences of Japanese and Italian pizzaiolos, with an emphasis on how the movement of chefs between Italy and Japan shapes both the reception of their product and their occupation. Ceccarini’s study is a valuable contribution to not only the growing literature on food in Japan and food studies more generally, but also to the relatively scarce
Hip-Hop Japan: Rap and the Paths of Cultural Globalization
Hip Hop around the World: An Encyclopedia [2 volumes]Japanese Popular MusicLiterature and Ethnic DiscriminationHip-Hop Authenticity and the London SceneJapanese Rap MusicPopular Music: The Key ConceptsThe Cambridge Companion to Hip-HopHip Hop Beats, Indigenous RhymesHip-Hop in Europe24 Bars to KillHanguk Hip HopPop Culture in Asia and OceaniaHip Hop in AmericaThe Africanist Aesthetic in Global Hip-HopBillboardHip-Hop JapanBlues, Funk, Rhythm and Blues, Soul, Hip Hop, and RapThe Soul of AnimeGlobal NoiseMusic in American Life: An Encyclopedia of the Songs, Styles, Stars, and Stories that Shaped our Culture [4 volumes]The History of Rap and Hip-HopContinuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World Volume 8Introducing AnthropologyEscaping JapanHip Hop CulturePlaying in the ShadowsFanning the FlamesHip Hop UkraineHip Hop UndergroundHip Hop's AmnesiaListening to RapClose to the EdgeThe Hip Hop MovementGlobal Linguistic FlowsCool Japanese MenCultures Of Popular MusicHip Hop AfricaSchooling Hip-HopThe Languages of Global Hip HopHip Hop Desis
Evaluation and Control of Collapsible Soils
Some compacted soils wetted under certain conditions of compaction and loading may exhibit additional settlement (collapse). To investigate the effect of the soil type, compaction water content, initial dry unit weight and applied pressure at wetting on collapse potential, 138 single‐oedometer tests were conducted on eight different soils. The results indicate that well‐graded soils tend to collapse more than poorly graded ones under similar conditions. Furthermore, collapse potential decreases with an increase in (1) The difference between the sand and clay percentages; (2) compaction water content; and (3) initial dry unit weight, while it increases with pressure at wetting. A multiple regression analysis was performed on the laboratory results to provide a collapse‐predictive model that was substantiated by data reported by several researchers. A chart is presented to estimate (1) The collapse potential of soils under various conditions; and (2) the critical water content beyond which no collapse is ex...