The effect of mechanical deformation on the movement of water in foods.
This study has shown the importance of relating NMR spectroscopic information on the water in model food structures to the mechanical properties of those structures. Analysis of the NMR relaxation data can be used to examine the distribution of water domain sizes, and this has been related to the mechanical properties of the samples. A novel NMR probe-head has been designed, which allows both the NMR and the mechanical data to be simultaneously measured during compression of the sample. This probe-head allows compressive stress/strain data to be obtained directly from the NMR sample, allowing changes in the distribution of the water to be directly correlated to changes in mechanical properties.
Gel Characteristics—Waterbinding Properties of Blood Plasma Gels and Methodological Aspects on the Waterbinding of Gel Systems
A methodological study on the waterbinding properties of protein gels was made, where two tests were evaluated. Only one of them, the “net test,” was found useful for work on protein gels. The moisture loss of blood plasma gels was then studied as a function of heating temperature, heating time, pH, protein concentration, and sodium chloride concentration. It was finally demonstrated that a change in the gel structure may affect waterbinding and texture characteristics differently, and these properties should therefore be treated separately when evaluating protein gels. It was, e.g., shown that blood plasma gels became firmer with increasing heating temperature from 72 – 92°C, whereas the waterbinding properties became poorer at temperatures above 77°C and had an optimum at 75 – 77°C.
Establishing Self-Access: From Theory to Practice
Chapter 1: Background to Self-Access Language Learning Chapter 2 : Learners' and Teachers' Beliefs and Attitudes about Language Learning Chapter 3: A Typology Of Self-Access Chapter 4: Management Of Self-Access Facilities Chapter 5: Learner Profiles Chapter 6: Materials For Self Access Language Chapter 7: Self-Access Activities Chapter 8: Physical Settings And Resourcing Chapter 9: From Teacher-Directed to Self-Access Learning Chapter 10: Counselling Chapter 11: Assessment In Self-Access Learning Chapter 12: The Evaluation Of Self-Access Language Learning Case Studies