Notice of RetractionRisk analysis of shield tunnel segment failure based on Fuzzy Fault Tree method
Through analyzing and summarizing the types of shield tunnel segment failure and the relevant causes of the accident, Fuzzy Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) was employed to study the failure risk of segment and the Fuzzy Fault Tree system model of segment and segment-related systems were established. The potential failure modes of risk accidents and their influencing factors were discussed through qualitative and quantitative analysis. With its application on practical project, some effective control measures were proposed. This research could be valuable reference for the design, construction and control of shield tunnel segments.
Abrasivity of Soils in TBM Tunnelling
This article focuses on the effect of abrasive ground on TBM tunneling. While rock's effects on TBM tunneling are well known, less work has been done on soil abrasiveness and its impacts on equipment such as cutterheads. The authors describe the different parts of the TBM that can suffer damage and recommend steps to establish regular inspection and maintenance programs for soft ground TBM projects. Some specific cases are cited to illustrate the vulnerability of different TBM components. A bar chart shows different weathered granites and the disc cutter consumption associated with different ground conditioning. The authors recommend a more objective set of measures for soil properties in order to permit TBM projects to be better managed.
Adsorption of immunoglobulin Y in supermacroporous continuous cryogel with immobilized Cu(2+) ions.
The influence of temperature, pH and ionic strength on the adsorption of Immunoglobulin Y (IgY) in IDA-Cu(2+) cryogel system was studied by batch equilibrium measurements. The adsorptive equilibrium data were obtained at 17 and 27°C, pH 5.0 and 6.5, and at ionic strength of 50 and 200mmolL(-1) NaCl. Langmuir, Freundlich and Langmuir-Freundlich models were fitted to equilibrium data, while the enthalpy of adsorption of IgY in IDA-Cu(2+) cryogel system was calculated through Van't Hoff analysis. The binding of IgY on cryogel was stronger at 27°C and lowest pH and ionic strength values, with apparent maximum adsorption capacity of 27mgg(-1). The adsorption of protein in the resin was spontaneous in all analyzed cases. The results provide valuable information to enable the improvement of IgY purification processes.