F 1 2014 : Turbocharged and Downsized Ice and Kers Boost
The paper discusses the FIA’s World Motor Sport Council (WMSC) new regulations for F1 power trains. The new regulations will see the 2.4 liter V8s currently used replaced by 1.6 liter V6s engines starting in 2014. The power units will have high pressure gasoline direct injection up to 500 bar. Engine speed limits on the new engines will be reduced from the current 18,000 rpm to a maximum of 15,000 rpm. The more environmentally-friendly units will be supported by augmented power output of the engine via energymanagement and energy-recovery systems. The paper discusses the possible performances the novel F1 cars could achieve with these novel engines and kinetic energy recovery systems, as well as the declared goal of making the F1 racing greener, the relevance of F1 to road cars, and finally the use of resource restrictions in F1. The major issue with new F1 rules is not just the total cost of research and development within the budget, but the ability to make the most out of the investment made for a more sustainable and greener road transport. The proposed high torque 475 kW 1.6 liter V6 turbo engine coupled with the proposed small 0.3 MJ 120 kW mechanical KERS may permit fuel savings of 40% vs. today’s low torque 525 kW 2.4 liters V8 naturally aspirated and even better driving performances on the most part of the race tracks.
Coupling of a KERS Powertrain and a 4 Litre Gasoline Engine for Improved Fuel Economy in a Full Size Car
Improvements of vehicle fuel economy are being considered using a mechanically driven flywheel to reduce the amount of mechanical energy produced by the thermal engine recovering the vehicle kinetic energy during braking. A mechanical system having an overall efficiency over a full regenerative cycle of about 70%, about twice the efficiency of battery-based hybrids, is coupled to a naturally aspirated gasoline engine powering a full size sedan. Results of chassis dynamometer experiments and engine and vehicle simulations are used to evaluate the fuel benefits introducing a kinetic energy recovery system and downsizing of the engine. Preliminary results running the new European driving cycle (NEDC) show KERS may reduce fuel consumption by 25% without downsizing, and 33% with downsizing of the 4 litre engine to 3.3 litres.
Multilayer high density flex technology
The industrial trend of shrinking microelectronic devices while increasing the density of interconnections places great demands on the substrates upon which these devices are packaged. Multilayer flex circuits will provide the interconnection densities needed to meet these demands in a wide range of packaging and interconnection technologies. This paper discusses the development of ultra-high density flexible circuits. Processes and materials to fabricate fine line pitches from 12.5 /spl mu/m to 40 /spl mu/m are examined. Various microvia structures, through hole and blind via, are demonstrated. A test vehicle was designed and built for BGA packages to illustrate the density capability. A four-layer structure is demonstrated by using Z-connection to connect two layer pairs. Electrical, mechanical, and reliability test results are presented to show the selection of flex substrate material, Z-connection methodology and fabrication processes. A cost comparison of high-density flex to alternative substrates is discussed to identify potential.