A MOSFETPowerAmplifier with ErrorCorrection*
The rapid evolution of power MOSFETs during the design which utilizes the advantages of the power last few years has brought them to the point where they MOSFET while dealing with the drawbacks of the deare now very attractive for use in audio amplifier power vice. Although not taken to an extreme, the underlying output stages. Important improvements include inphilosophy of the design is that small-signal silicon is creased voltage, current, and dissipation ratings, reinexpensive, that is, that the overwhelming portion of duced "on" resistance, availability of complementary expense in a power amplifier is in items like the power pairs, and greatly reduced cost. Although a 75-W transformer, filter capacitors, power transistors, heat sinks, chassis, and related hardware. Thus, in order to MOSFET is still more expensive than a 150-W bipolar transistor, the premium is small when considered reltake full advantage of the performance achievable with ative to total amplifier cost and improved performance, the MOSFET output stage, a very-high-quality front The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the level end and driver are provided. The driver, operating from of performance achievable with current technology and regulated boosted supplies, is capable of providing high to illustrate practical circuit techniques for achieving voltage and current swings to the power MOSFETs this performance, with good headroom. Output stage transconductance Power MOSFETs have several fundamental advandroop is dealt with by employing a simple but very effective output stage error-correction technique prorages over bipolar power transistors, most notably speed and freedom from secondary breakdown. The latter posed by Hawksford [1]. The resulting design achieves provides higher "usable" power dissipation, improved a 20-kHz total harmonic distortion figure of less than reliability, and freedom from safe-area limiter circuits, 0.0015% at an idle bias of only 150 mA.
Transient intermodulation distortion--Part I: Hard nonlinearity
Otala's suggested rules for eliminating transient intermodulation distortion (TIMD) in a low-pass feedback amplifier have been widely and wrongly interpreted as being necessary. In fact, the necessary and sufficient condition, for avoiding gross TIMD with a broad-band input signal, is that the forward-path stages before the dominant pole should not clip on a signal input which is twice the amplitude of full rated input to the complete amplifier including feedback. When the input signal is band limited, this dipping criterion can be relaxed by a factor approximately equal to the ratio of the (signal 3 dB bandwidth) to the (amplifier closed-loop 3 dB bandwidth). In both cases the condition is essentially independent of the low-frequency loop gain. There is no TIMD penalty whatsoever in using a large amount of feedback, provided the forward-path gain is concentrated in stages that do not precede the dominant pole. All the usual benefits of feedback accrue with increasing loop gain.
The New Version
Upon the establishment of the State on May 15, 1948, the whole of the law which had been in force on the eve of independence was maintained, whether stemming from the period of the British Mandate or from the preceding period of Ottoman rule. Insofar as the law consisted of statutes, they were, of course, maintained in their original wording and language which was Turkish with regard to Ottoman legislation and English with regard to Mandatory legislation. While it was envisaged that the replacement of these statutes by Israeli legislation would take considerable time, it was felt that at least their text should, as soon as possible, be re-cast and the original Turkish and English versions replaced by a new and binding Hebrew version. Accordingly, the very first enactment of the new legislature empowered the Minister of Justice to "issue a new text of any law which existed in Palestine on the 5th Iyar, 5708 (14th May, 1948) and is still in force in the State". After referring to the modifications resulting from the establishment of the State that were to be contained in the new text, sec. 16 went on to provide that "upon its (the new text's) publication in the Official Gazette no other text of such law shall have effect." The original section has since been amended and replaced several times but substantially the provision is still the same. Its present text is as follows: