How Social Movement Coalitions Matter: Lessons from the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights
Recent scholarship has made great strides in investigating the conditions that facilitate the mobilization and maintenance of social movement coalitions, or alliances of social movement organizations that join forces to achieve some common goal. Far less attention has been paid to the effectiveness of these organizational collaborations. This paper begins to address this lacuna in this paper by developing a typology of social movement coalitions based on their inclusivity and coordination capacity, and illustrating some of its distinctions with a case study of the Leadership Conference on Civil Rights’ development during the 1950s and 1960s. Drawing on evidence from four archival collections, I document several changes to the Leadership Conference’s organizational structure and operational procedures that were implemented in 1963 and show how these changes contributed to the achievement of strong civil rights legislation during the mid-1960s.
The fifth freedom.
Women in developing countries suffer considerable morbidity and mortality due to inability to control their own fertility and lack of access to family planning services. Over 500,000 deaths each year are related to pregnancy. Two thirds of these maternal deaths could be prevented by providing contraception to those women who wish to use it in developing countries. There is no tenable ethical defence of cultural and religious behaviour which denies a women a choice as to whether she will undertake a pregnancy or not. Implementaion of the principles of the programme of action from the 1994 Cairo Population Conference would, through empowering women to control their own fertility, have a huge impact on maternal health in the developing world. [Kincaid-Smith is president of the World Medical Association].
Optical rotatory dispersion and absolute configuration—III
Abstract Optical rotatory dispersion measurements on pyrrolidine, piperidine, and tetrahydro-isoquinoline alkaloids indicate that the absolute configuration of the α-asymmetric center may be assigned directly from the dispersion curve, provided either that the nitrogen atom is not protonated, or that the compound contains a chromophore absorbing above 200 mμ.