“Just in Case”: Extended Nuclear Deterrence in the Defense of Australia
This paper examines the foundations and rationale for Australian reliance on US assurances of extended nuclear deterrence. The Australian model of extended nuclear deterrence is marked by its lack of public presence, a lack of certainty about its standing and character in US eyes, its lack of a direct nuclear threat, and its resurgence at a time when nuclear abolition possibilities are being embraced by the leader of the deterrence provider. Australian policy amounts to a claim that the nuclear guarantee is necessary “just in case”– though without any plausible specifics. The fundamental questions remain – for Australia as for other recipients of extended nuclear deterrence assurances – what threats, what probabilities, what alternatives?
Hope Becomes Law: The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons in the Asia-Pacific Region
ABSTRACT The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) entered into force on January 2021, but has a long way to go towards institutionalisation and its intended impact on the dominant presumption of the legitimacy of nuclear weapons. Dialogue on the treaty in the Asia-Pacific region faces a suite of issues regarding movement of the treaty towards institutionalisation as a regime. The effectiveness of regional dialogues will be affected by the following: the ability of the proponents of the TPNW to overcome the restrictions of the partialism of existing international law on nuclear weapons; decisions regarding proposals of basing dialogue about the TPNW on a claimed primacy of the Non-Proliferation Treaty; debates about the path forward: stigmatisation vs. delegitimating nuclear weapons; the critical counterfactual: Can we imagine a Threshold Nuclear Disarming State? debates on Nuclear Supporting States and Extended Nuclear Deterrence; obstacles to treaty compliance posed by globally distributed systems of nuclear command, control, and communication; a universal human interest in having in place by the time a Threshold Nuclear Disarming State appears a comprehensive verification regime which will be “fit for purpose” in the circumstances that will prevail at that point; the importance of the inclusion of Pacific island states in Asia-Pacific dialogue to enhance understanding of nuclear testing impacts; and seeing the current global pandemic as a stress test indicating the importance of eliminating nuclear weapons before the full impact of climate disruption reshapes global patterns of conflict.
Seeing Like a Racial State: the Census and the Politics of Race in the United States, Great Britain and Canada
ii Acknowledgements iv List of Abbreviations vii List of Tables ix List of Appendices x Chapter 1 Invitation 1 Chapter 2 Orientation 26 Chapter 3 Mark One or More: Census Politics in the United States 61 Chapter 4 The Ethnic Question: Census Politics in Great Britain 115 Chapter 5 (In)Visible Minorities: Census Politics in Canada 168 Chapter 6 Seeing Like a Racial State 234 Chapter 7 Alternatives and Outcomes in the Census Policy Sphere 310 Chapter 8 Conclusions 364 Reference List 382