Performance Analyses of Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing in Ring Metropolitan Area Networks With and Without Erbium Doped Fibre Amplifier
This Paper investigates the performance of dense wa v length division multiplexing ring networks implemnted in the metropolitan areas for the purpose of deploy ing higher bit rates. The investigations were carri ed out in the Cband operating region by deploying four channels over a single standard mode fibre with channel spacing of 100GHz at 10Gbps. Transmissions of 108km and 7km with and without Erb ium Doped Fibre Amplifier (EDFA) were achieved with a 10 fixed value of Bit Error Rate (BER). The performanc e was measured through a bit rate analyser using an eye diagram.
Optical Add Drop Multiplexer (OADM) Based on Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing Technology in Next Generation Optical Networks
The OADM based on DWDM technology is moving the telecommunications industry significantly closer to the development of optical networks. The OADM can be placed between two end terminals along any route and be substituted for an optical amplifier. Commercially available OADMs allow carriers to drop and/or add up to multi channels between DWDM terminals. By deploying an OADM instead of an optical amplifier, service providers can gain flexibility to distribute revenue–generating traffic and reduce costs associated with deploying end terminals at low traffic areas along a route. The OADM is especially well-suited for meshed or branched network configurations, as well as for ring architectures used to enhance survivability. Moreover, An optical add/drop multiplexer with tunable bandwidth offers several potential advantages, including optical performance monitoring and dynamic bandwidth allocation. This paper has proposed OADM for high transmission bit rates and products in next generation optical communication networks based on dense wavelength division multiplexing for different fiber link lengths at room temperature for best performance efficiency.
Carbon Dioxide Elimination from Circle Systems
Ten various circle systems were studied in model experiments. All the experiments were performed using a Waters cannister containing 675–685 g of Durasorbr̀. 300 ml of carbon dioxide were supplied to the system per min. The efficacy of these systems was expressed as the time taken to demonstrate a concentration of 0.6% carbon dioxide in the gas mixture supplied to the patient connection during each respiratory cycle. The carbon dioxide elimination was studied at a gas flow of 2, 4 and 6 1 per min. All the systems showed an effective carbon dioxide elimination for 6 h or more at a flow of 2 1. An increasing efficacy was found with increasing flow, but to a varying extent.