Influence of Timing of Herbicide Application on Winter Canola Performance
Canola (Brassica napus L.) is an important source of vegetable oil for humans and canola cake is a nutritious feed for animals. However, weeds are one of the major constraints in canola production in the southeastern regions of the United States causing loss upto 50 percent in yield. Control of weeds in spring canola has been reported but research on weed control in winter canola has not been well documented. Therefore, research experiments were conducted from 2005 to 2007 to evaluate the effects of herbicide application timings on canola performance. Results showed that pre-emergence timing of trifluralin @ 1 kg ai ha resulted 496 kg ha , 411 kg ha , 502 kg ha higher canola yield as compared to control in 2005, 1 1 1 1 2006 and 2007, respectively. Pre-emergence application timing of trifluralin gave 79% less weed biomass than control plots. Increasing weed density and weed biomass significantly reduced the canola yield whereas increasing plant height increased the canola yield significantly. This study revealed that herbicide application timing significantly reduced weed biomass and increased canola yield.
Growth and Yield Response of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) toIntegrated Use of Planting Pattern and Herbicide Mixtures in Wollo,Northern Ethiopia
To assess the integrated effect of planting pattern and low dose herbicide mixtures on weeds and growth, yield 
 attributes and yields of cowpea, and to determine the economic feasibility of different weed management practices 
 in cowpea, a field experiment was conducted at Sirinka Agricultural Research Center experimental sites at Jari 
 and Sirinka in Northern Ethiopia during the 2014 main cropping season. There were 16 treatments comprising the 
 combinations of two planting patterns (60 cm × 10 cm, 45 cm × 15 cm) and eight weed management practices 
 (s-metolachlor 2.0 kg ha-1, s-metolachlor at 1.0 kg ha-1+hand weeding and hoeing 35 weeks after crop emergence 
 (WAE), pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1+hand weeding and hoeing 5 WAE, s-metolachlor at 1.0 kg ha-1+pendimethalin at 
 1.0 kg ha-1, s-metolachlor at 1.0 kg ha-1+pendimethalin at 0.75 kg ha-1, s-metolachlor at 0.75 kg ha-1+pendimethalin at 
 1.0 kg ha-1, hand weeding and hoeing 3 WAE and weedy check. The treatments were laid out in factorial combination 
 in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest number of pods per plant, number of 
 seeds per pod, and hundred seed weight were obtained from the combination of s-metolachlor at 1.0 kg ha-1+hand 
 weeding 5 WAE along with 60 cm × 10 cm at Sirinka. Higher (3092 kg ha-1) grain yield was recorded at Sirinka than at 
 Jari (2714 kg ha-1). The highest (53460 ETB ha-1) gross benefit was obtained from s-metolachlor at 1.0 kg ha-1+hand 
 weeding and hoeing 5 WAE, followed by pendimethalin at 1.0 kg ha-1+hand weeding and hoeing 5 WAE (46737 ETB 
 ha-1). Therefore, managing the weeds with the application of 1.0 kg ha-1 of s- metolachlor+hand weeding and hoeing 
 5 WAE along with 60 cm × 10 cm proved to be the most feasible practice. Alternate herbicides for the control of X. 
 strumarium infested fields in the study area needs to be explored.
Efficacy of Some Herbicides for Control of Weeds in Indian Mustard1
Investigations were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of some herbicides for controlling weeds in Indian mustard during 1981–82 and 1982–83 at the Punjab Agricultural Uni-versity, Ludhiana. Fluchloralin and trifluralin as pre-plant; pendimethalin, terbutryn and thio-bencarb as pre-emergence and isoproturon both pre and post-emergenee gave an effective control of weeds. All the herbicides except pendimethalin during first year at the doses tested yielded at par with two hand hoeings. Oxadiazon (0.5 and 0.75 kg/ha) caused partial thinning of the crop but did not cause reduction in the seed yield of the crop.