A New Type of Glucose Fermentation by Clostridium thermoaceticum
The thermophilic fermentation of cellulosic material is generally regarded -as a result of the combined action of several species of bacteria, some of which attack the cellulose and others the sugars formed from the breakdown of the cellulose. Much effort has been spent on attempts to isolate the cellulose fermenters but very little attention has been paid to the associated sugar-fermenting organisms. Snieszko and Kimball (1933) isolated and described two types of such bacteria but gave no chemical data on the fermentation products formed. It, therefore, seemed desirable to make such a study.
DETECTION AND QUANTITATIVE DETERMINATION OF SMALL AMOUNTS OF GLUCOSE IN MIXTURES CONTAINING MALTOSE
In the analysis of hydrolytic cleavage products of glycogen or starch, such as occur in tissue extracts and in diastatic reaction products in general, we were confronted with the task of differentiating between glucose and maltose, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Our studies called for a method that permits the detection and quantitative determination of slight amounts, often but fractions of a mg., of glucose in the presence of relatively much maltose, as well as the determination of small quantities of maltose in media which contain variable quantities of glucose. A basis for such a method was found in the great difference between the rate of fermentation of the two sugars at alkaline reaction. In a previous paper (1) we described a simple titrimetric technique which is suitable for the observation of the fermentation rate of glucose at moderately alkaline reactions. When attempting to apply the same technique to maltose, we found that, in contrast to glucose, the fermentation of this sugar is wholly suppressed when the pH of the medium is raised to from 7.5 to 8.0.
Chemical Metallurgy: Principles and Practice
Foreword. Preface. Acknowledgements. Appreciation. 1. Acquaintance. 2. Mineral Processing. 3. Thermodynamics and Kinetics. 4. Pyrometallurgy. 5. Hydrometallurgy. 6. Electrometallurgy. 7. Energy and Environment. Subject Index.