Conceptual design of a bipolar kicker magnet for the J-PARC-Kamioka Neutrino Project
The Japanese Hadron Facility (J-PARC) includes a ring in which the beam is accelerated from an energy of 3 GeV to 50 GeV. One of the proposed experiments, which require the beam to be extracted from this ring, is a long baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. Space constraints in the lattice of the ring result in a requirement for a novel bipolar combined function kicker that can be used for fast extraction or abort. Magnetic field pulses with a rise time of approximately 1.1/spl mu/s and 4.3/spl mu/s flat top duration are required. One of the stringent design requirements of the extraction system is a flat top ripple of less than /spl plusmn/1%. The proposed kicker system is composed of 6 kicker magnets of 1.5 m length each, powered by pulse forming lines (PFL's). To achieve the required kick angle of /spl plusmn/5.32 mrad a low characteristic impedance has been chosen. This paper discusses several different concepts for the kicker system and presents the results of investigations into options for system impedance, and kicker magnet type including transmission line, lumped inductance and hybrid-transmission line.
Hardware R&D of the KEK/JAERI 50 GeV synchrotron fast extraction kicker magnets
The fast extraction kicker magnets of the 50 GeV synchrotron are now in an intensive R&D stage. In the 50 GeV ring, the fast extraction system is designed to deliver the 50 GeV beam to the downstream neutrino oscillation experiment beam line with the Super-Kamiokande detector. At the same time, the fast extraction line is required to function as a beam abort, in case of hardware failure during acceleration of the beam from 3 GeV to 50 GeV. In order to fulfill both demands, the extraction system is designed to accommodate bipolar beam extraction. A new technology to make the bipolar kicker magnet system, using a symmetric Blumlein pulse forming network (SBPFN) system, has been introduced. Its validity is being investigated, both theoretically and experimentally. R&D programs aimed at establishing some of the important technical elements in the fast extraction kicker system are presently in progress. This R&D includes experimental studies of the bipolar kicker principle and the development of IGBT switching modules that satisfy full switching capability of the designed current and voltage.
Tourism in the Amazon: identifying challenges and finding solutions
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the tourism sector in the Amazon regions of Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Peru, and Suriname and then discuss the manner in which tourism activity assists the protection of the Amazon rainforests. The paper also describes the manner in which the first World Hospitality and Tourism Themes Roundtable on Tourism in the Amazon is organized in 2009.Design/methodology/approach – Teams of researchers from the Ministries of Tourism, the private sector and academia in the Member Countries of Treaty for Amazon Cooperation collaborated to address, in ten‐page papers, the question “Does sustainable tourism offer solutions for the protection of the Amazon rainforest?”Findings – The paper provides valuable information on the current state of tourism policy and practice in the Amazon Member Countries. It also articulates the challenges that attend the development of sustainable tourism as a mechanism for the protection of the Amazon.Practical...