ontribution of denaturing and deodorization processes of oils o toxic oil syndrome
eywords: oxic oil syndrome enaturing In this article, denaturing with aniline and refining process of the oil responsible for toxic oil syndrome is briefly reviewed. The aspects considered include description of conditions of the main refining steps in relation to aniline derivatives formation, with special focus on the deodorization stage. In this last step of the refining process, an increase in the temperature, applied to such an unusual oil, could have given rise to the formation of anilides and 3-N-phenylamino-1,2-propanediol esters.
Elimination of pesticides in olive oil by refining using bleaching and deodorization
The effects of the processing steps on some pesticides during physical refining of olive oil were determined. Oil samples were spiked with four types of pesticides, i.e. endosulfan (alpha-endosulfan, beta-endosulfan and endosulfan sulphate), simazine, oxifluorfen and diflufenican, and subjected to physical refining (bleaching and deodorization). The removal of contaminants by bleaching earths was compared using five types of commercial earths. Deodorization assays under laboratory (10 kg) and discontinuous pilot plant (200 kg) conditions at different temperatures and treatment times were carried out. Bleaching seemed effective only for the elimination of simazine. For removal of the other pesticides tested, a physical refining treatment was required at 240°C in the deodorizing stage for different periods (1 h for diflufenican, oxifluorfen and alpha-endosulfan, 2 h for beta-endosulfan and 3 h for endosulfan sulphate).
Catalytic and bulk solvent effects on proton transfer: Formamide as a case study
Structural, thermodynamic, and kinetic aspects of the tautomerization of formamide through direct and solvent‐assisted proton transfer have been investigated. Both specific and bulk effects of the solvent play a role in determining the overall result so that only a mixed discrete‐continuum model is sufficiently reliable. Structural modifications induced by the solvent are significant, but have only a slight effect on thermodynamic and kinetic quantities. The same remarks apply to the vibrational shifts induced by the solvent. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 18: 1993–2000, 1997