Investigation on Comparative Optical Absorption and Luminescent Property of Cerium Doped Potassium Halide Single Crystals
The comparison of Optical absorption, Photoluminescence (PL), Thermoluminescence (TL) and other optical studies of X-ray irradiated Ce 3+ doped KBr and KI single crystals were discussed. Photoluminescence of these crystals exhibits characteristic Ce 3+ emission due to 5d-4f transition in both the studied material in addition to the host emission. Optical absorption and PL studies confirm the presence of Cerium ions in the trivalent state in both KBr and KI host .The characteristic emission due to Ce 3+ ions in the spectral distribution under optically stimulated emission and TL emission confirms the participation of Cerium ions in the recombination process in both host material. Trap parameters for the TL process are calculated and compared.
Handbook of Lasers
SOLID STATE LASERS Introduction Crystalline Paramagnetic Ion Lasers Glass Lasers Solid State Dye Lasers Color Center Lasers Semiconductor Lasers Polymer Lasers Solid State Excimer Lasers Raman Brillouin, and Soliton Lasers LIQUID LASERS Liquid Organic Dye Lasers Rare Earth Liquid Lasers Liquid Polymer Lasers Liquid Excimer Lasers GAS LASERS Introduction Neutral Atom Gas Lasers Ionized Gas Lasers Molecular Gas Lasers Far Infrared and Millimeter Wave Gas Lasers Commercial Gas Lasers Comments References OTHER LASERS Extreme Ultraviolet and Soft X-Ray Lasers Free Electron Lasers Nuclear Pumped Lasers Natural Lasers Inversionless Lasers Amplification of Core-Valence Luminescence APPENDICES Laser Safety Acronyms, Abbreviations, Initialisms, and Common Names for Types of Lasers, Laser Materials, Laser Structures and Operating Configurations, and Systems Involving Lasers Electron Configurations of Neutral Atoms in the Ground State Fundamental Constants
Measuring Sheet Resistances of Dielectrics Using Co‐Planar Hydrogel Electrochemical Cells with Practical Applications to Characterize the Protective Quality of Paints on Sculptures
Electrical properties of thin dielectric films at the solid-liquid phase boundary are an important performance characteristic of many devices, coatings and sensors. In this paper, co-polymeric hydrogels of polyacrylic acid co-sulfonic acid, swollen with a salt solution to act as the solid electrolyte, were used to assess interfaces using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) in a co-planar geometry. Silane-modified glasses were characterized by the co-planar hydrogel EIS cell and found to be distinguishable based on their surface monolayer chemistry. EIS measurements were also made on primed and painted metal substrates, using both test panels and an outdoor sculpture, Tony Smith's Stinger. The panels were then exposed to accelerated and outdoor weathering and showed degradation on the surface paint layers, which was observable electrochemically using EIS and confirmed visually by SEM. Electrochemical spectral features were compared between data from a standard paint-test cell versus this co-planar hydrogel cell; both cell types were able to measure coating capacitance, providing useful information about the condition of the bulk coating. Yet, sheet resistance (Rs) was a spectral feature seen only by the co-planar hydrogel cell. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of such co-planar hydrogel cells can provide an earlier warning sign to coating degradation and such cells provide a new type of spectral information that is not assessable by the standard geometry.