Impact Performance of Advanced High Strength Steel Thin-Walled Columns
The crashworthiness performance of spot-welded columns fabricated with advanced high strength steels is evaluated using finite element (FE) analysis. A failure criterion for the spot-welds is implemented into the FE model to predict accurately the progressive axial collapse of the columns. The behavior of two Dual Phase (DP) steels and a High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) steel are compared by examining the mean crushing force, peak load and crushed column length for single-hat and double-hat configurations, both experimentally and numerically. Numerical results of the developed FE model correlate favorably available experimental data for different impact conditions.
The Whole is More Than the Sum of its Parts
Whether it is in semiconductors, nanotechnology or even in the field of laser and optics, the trend towards down-scaling can be observed in nearly every industrial sector. Smaller structures lead to better performance, less weight and energy consumption or special properties when it comes to nanotechnology. Though, in order to design and produce these structures, R&D and production departments need flexible solutions for measuring surfaces with a high dynamic range from the sub-nanometer to the meter.
Studies on the composition, quality and processing of triticale. Part II. Mineral composition of grain and flour.
Mineral composition of grain and flour in 14 promising triticale strains from India are reported. The mean values for whole grain, i.e. Ca (0.47 mg/g), P (2.70 mg/g), K 4.60 mg/g, Na (352 micrograms/g), Zn (41.6 micrograms/g), Cu (7.0 micrograms/g), Fe (73.4 micrograms/g) and Mn (33.6 micrograms/g) were obtained as compared to those of flour, i.e. Ca (0.27 mg/g), P (0.97 mg/g), K (1.64 mg/g), Na (231 micrograms/g), Zn (26 micrograms/g), Cu (4.0 micrograms/g) and Mn (10.5 micrograms/g), respectively. These values were found to be considerably higher than those of wheat. Highly significant positive correlations of ash with sodium and zinc in whole grain were observed. In the case of triticale flour, highly significant positive correlations of ash with manganese, phosphorus and potassium were obtained.