Crystal defects analysis using nano-probe technologies
With the device size shrinking to deep sub-micron region, silicon crystal defects become critical to device parameters. It also brings FA (Failure Analysis) great challenges on timely and exactly identifying the defect by EFA (Electrical Failure Analysis) and PFA (Physical Failure Analysis) methods. In this paper, we report the FA's on the single bit failure of a 6T-SRAM using nano-probe technologies for electrical localization. PFA methods, such as SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope), and chemical etching were performed for failure visualization.
Study on SRAM soft failure using planar-view transmission electron microscopy techniques
Soft failure in static random access memory (SRAM), where there are several mechanisms related to it, is a kind of major obstruction to improve the yield. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is a powerful failure analysis tool, which has a high spatial resolution and is widely used in IC failure analysis with the shrinkage of integrated circuit to a nano-level transistor. Planar-view TEM techniques have great advantages in finding failure location and mechanism. In this paper, two kinds of soft failure root causes are identified by the planar-view TEM techniques.
Evaluation of Impact of Yarn Count and Stitch Length on Pilling, Abrasion, Shrinkage and Tightness Factor of 1 ? 1 Rib Cotton Knitted Fabrics
This study investigates the impact of yarn count and stitch length of 100% cotton knitted fabrics. 1 × 1 ribs structured fabrics were used in this research work. The stitch length 2.50 mm, 2.52 mm, 2.60 mm, 2.70 mm, 2.80 mm and 2.96 mm were used of the yarn count of 26Ne, 28Ne and 36Ne. The areal densities of the grey fabrics were in various amounts. The impacts of yarn count and stitch length were measured concerning pilling resistance, abrasion resistance, and shrinkage and tightness factor. The result showed that the fabric pilling grade decreased while number of cycle increased. Abrasion resistance decreased but length wise shrinkage increased despite the fact that the stitch length increased. The results also exposed that the tightness factor of the fabric increased with the increase of the stitch length in both dyeing and washing state and finished state compared to grey state for the yarn count 26Ne and homogeneous result not found for yarn count 28Ne and 36 Ne. Evaluation of Impact of Yarn Count and Stitch Length on Pilling, Abrasion, Shrinkage and Tightness Factor of 1 × 1 Rib Cotton Knitted Fabrics