Note: Thermally stable thin-film filters for high-power extreme-ultraviolet applications.
We investigated several types of thin-film filters for high intensity work in the extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) spectral range. In our application, with a peak EUV intensity of 2.7 W cm(-2), Ni-mesh-backed Zr filters have a typical lifetime of 20 h, at which point they suffer from pinholes and a 50% loss of transmission. Initial trials with Si filters on Ni meshes resulted in rupture of the filters in less than an hour. A simple thermal calculation showed that the temperature rise in those filters to be about 634 K. A similar calculation indicated that using a finer mesh with thicker wires and made of Cu reduces the temperature increase to about 60 K. We have exposed a Si filter backed by such a mesh for more than 60 h with little loss of transmission and no leaks.
Thin Films and Their Uses for the Extreme Ultraviolet
The transmittance characteristics in the extreme ultraviolet of unbacked films
 are discussed; data are presented for films of Al, In, Bi, Ge, Si, and certain
 organic materials. Generally, the metals begin to transmit shortward of their
 critical wavelengths, determined by the electron eigenloss, and reach maximum
 transparency at the nearest x-ray edge; to shorter wavelengths regions of
 transparency exist between the other x-ray edges. Their use in order-sorting,
 and for eliminating long-wavelength stray light, is illustrated with laboratory
 spectra and solar spectra obtained from rockets.
Rigid, adjustable support of aligned elements via six struts
At particle accelerators around the world, a great deal of effort is expended on determining precise component locations in space. Much less effort is spent on the design of systems to precisely and solidly locate these components in space, once one has the ability to know where they are. Unfortunately, there are many inadequate ways of adjustably mounting position sensitive beam line hardware, and only a few methods which work well. Traditional jacking screw and shimming support systems are often troublesome, and a drain on manpower and time. Multiple precision stages of adequate capacity for heavy items are expensive. At Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory's Advanced Light Source, the authors rely almost exclusively on their home-grown, simple, and cost effective six-strut mechanical support systems. This approach meets the seismic requirements, minimizes vibration, and allows easy and precise alignment of a wide variety of accelerator hardware.