Medium-term Management of Green Budget: The Case of Ukraine
The purpose of this study is to examine the medium-term budget planning process in Ukraine and the extent to which this approach is used within the environmental sector. It aims to assist the Ukrainian government to integrate environmental programmes more effectively into overall programming, financial planning and budgeting practices which could result into more adequate and predictable allocations to the environment sector. The study also seeks to analyse the implications of the progressive shift in aid modalities towards sectoral and general budget support. This report was prepared within the framework of the OECD Task Force for the Implementation of the Environmental Action Programme for Central and Eastern Europe, Caucasus and Central Asia. The report also builds upon work that started within the OECD Task Team on Governance and Capacity Development for Natural Resource and Environmental Management, a joint Task Team of the OECD Development Assistance and Environmental Policy Committees. In addition, the report contributes to the debate on Green Growth, demonstrating the need for more adequate and well-costed environmental budgets, in the context of medium-term expenditure frameworks, as a means of promoting structural changes as part of the transition to green economy.
Integrating Public Environmental Expenditure within Multi-year Budgetary Frameworks
Medium-term approaches to budgeting are now common in OECD countries and are being adopted
increasingly by developing countries. This reflects a realisation that the annual approach to budget making
actually undermines budgetary performance, contributing to fiscal instability and, perhaps even more
fundamentally, to resource misallocation and the inefficient and ineffective use of resources.
The purpose of this study has been to analyse how multi-year budgetary processes work in practice in
both high income OECD countries and in aid-receiving countries, with a view to identifying the
opportunities for, and limits to, financing environmental management. It also provides suggestions to the
donor community on how to make better use of multi-year budgeting when providing general support to
the budgets of developing countries in order to ensure that environment is included in this process.
In this context, the report may be of interest to various audiences. On the one hand, representatives of
the ministries of environment and other relevant government agencies with responsibilities for
environmental and natural resource management who struggle to prepare medium-term budgets may find
this analysis useful. On the other hand, the report is targeted at experts from the ministries of finance and
economy who are charged with assessing environmental programmes and taking decisions for their
financing. The third target group are those donors who even if they are moving to direct budget support,
may still be concerned that the environment sector is adequately funded.
Global Occupational Health Issues
1. Occupational health problems in developing countries are more widespread and serious because they occur against a background of endemic risk factors for ill health. 2. In general, developing countries have less adequately developed occupational health personnel and programs and less adequately developed and enforced laws and regulations than developed countries. 3. Awareness of the importance of occupational health among workers, management, government officials, and the public is increasing with developing countries. 4. Occupational health professionals in developed countries can contribute in many ways to improving occupational health in developing countries.