Untersuchungen über die Wirkung der Insektentötenden PilzeBeauveria bassiana (Bals. Vuill.) undMetarrhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. auf Warmblütler
SummaryThe muscardine-fungi are nor toxic neither pathogen for man and warmblooded animals. Reactions of sensitive persons working with spores of this fungi are not of general but of allergic nature. Against such allergic reactions it is possible to protect by breath protection, dress with long sleeves and gloves.
Studies on the susceptibility ofOryctes rhinoceros to some entomogenous fungi
Cultures ofMetarhizium anisopliae(Metsch.) Sor.,Beauveria bassiana(Bals.) Vuill.,B. tenella(Delac.) Siem.,Aspergillus fumigatusFres. andPaecilomyces farinosus (Dicks, exFr.) Brown & Smith were tested for pathogenicity toOryctes rhinoceros L. All the long spored cultures ofM. anisopliae isolated fromOryctes spp. were equally pathogenic toO. rhinoceros. Most of the 23 short spored cultures from other insects caused lesions onOryctes larvae but only 5 isolates were lethal. SomeBeauveria isolates caused brown lesions on larvae but generally these larvae developed into normal adults. One isolate ofB. bassiana fromCarpocapsa pomonella L. killed larvae at the time of pupation. Cultures ofA. fumigatus andP. farinosus were not pathogenic. A method for growingM. anisopliae on oats for large scale field use is described.RésuméDes cultures deMetarhizium anisopliae, deBeauveria bassiana, deB. tenella, d'Aspergillus fumigatus et dePaecilomyces farinosus ont été examinées en fonction de leurs effets pathogènes surOryctes rhinoceros. Toutes les cultures à spores longues deM. anisopliae isolées desOryctes spp. ont été également pathogènes pourO. rhinoceros. La plupart des 23 cultures à spores courtes obtenues à partir d'autres insectes ont causé des lésions sur les larves d'Oryctes mais cinq seulement ont été mortelles. Certaines souches deBeauveria ont causé des lésions brunes sur les larves mais, en général, ces larves ont donné des adultes normaux. Une culture deB. bassiana isolée deCarpocapsa pomonella a tué les larves au moment de leur métamorphose en chrysalides. Les cultures d'A. fumigatus et deP. farinosus n'ont pas eu d'effet pathogène. Une méthode de culture deM. anisopliae sur avoine pour l'utiliser sur de grandes surfaces est décrite.
Fungus Inoculation for Insects
THE importance attributed by Dr. Lankester (NATURE, vol. xxi. p. 448) to “Prof. Metschnikoff's suggestion of a deliberate cultivation of an insect's-disease-producing fungus, and the application of the cultivated fungus in quantity to places infested by these insects,” invites attention to the fact that the suggestion has been anticipated in a very serious and earnest way by my friend the distinguished entomologist, Dr. John L. Le Conte of Philadelphia, in his presidential address before the Portland meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, in August, 1873.