Ethanol and Biodiesel in Canada: Can They Help Meet Canada's Kyoto Commitment?
The Canadian government ratified the Kyoto Protocol in December 2002. The protocol calls for greenhouse gas emissions to be reduced by 6 percent below the 1990 level (approximately 35 percent below what they are expected to be in a business-as-usual situation) by 2008â€“2012. To help meet this target, both federal and provincial governments in Canada have developed programs (in some cases mandates) for ethanol and biodiesel production and use in fuel blends. Various subsidy schemes have been designed to stimulate development of a biofuels industry in Canada. While the programs have been promoted on the basis of environmental concerns, a major driver has been the search for new markets for Canadian agricultural commodities that face chronically depressed prices. The purposes of this article are to review the current state of policies, programs and production of ethanol and biodiesel in Canada and to assess the prospect of these biofuels to significantly reduce production of greenhouse gases in Canada.
Macroeconomic Impact of Establishing a Large-scale Fuel Ethanol Plant on the Canadian Economy
This paper analyzes the macroeconomic impact of establishing a large-scale fuel ethanol plant that uses com as its feedstock. An input-output model of the Canadian economy is used to estimate the macroeconomic impact. The agricultural output data required for the input-output analysis are generated using an econometric model. The macroeconomic impact of operating this plant is increases in industrial output of $328.6 million, in GDP at factor cost of $84.2 million and in employment of 1,390 jobs. 
 
 
 
Ce document a pour but d'analyser l'impact macro-economique de l'installation d'une grande usine productrice d'ethanol, utilisant le mai's comme matiere premiere. Un modele entrees-sorties de l'economie canadienne est employe afin d'estimer l'impact macro-economique. Les donnees de rendements agricole requises pour cette analyse sont generees a l'aide d'un modele econometrique. Les impacts macro-economique qui resulterent suite a l'operation de cette usine sont: un augmentation de $328.6 millions du rendement industriel, une augmentation de $84.2 millions du PIB au cout des facteurs, ainsi qu'un gain de 1,390 emplois.
Green Tax Reform in Denmark
My presentation consists of two parts. Firstly, I will describe Danish C02 and energy taxes as well as other environmental taxes on industry and its historical development, the recycling of its revenues as part of an Ecological Tax Reform (ETR) and its macroeconomic impacts. Secondly, a detailed overview of the Danish CO2 and energy taxes for various sectors and energy sources will be given in a table.