Survival of the Protection Model? Competing Goals in Belgian Juvenile Justice
Belgium is a small (with a surface of 32.545 km2) but well-situated country in the northwest of Europe. It consists of over 10 million citizens (10,396,421 on 1 January 2004) of whom 6 million live in the Northern, Dutch-speaking part (Flanders), almost 3.4 million in the Southern, mostly French-speaking part and close to 1 million in the region of Brussels (bilingual). As in other European countries, families in Belgium are becoming smaller and smaller. The fertility rate is 1.56 children per woman. So Belgium is faced with an aging population, 15% of whom are older than 65. The portion of juveniles (0–19 years) has diminished from 24.6% in 1990 to 22.4% in 2003 and the prognosis is a further decrease to 20.2% in 2021 (VRIND, 2003). On 1 January 2004 Belgium consisted of approximately 875,000 juveniles aged 12–17,1 almost half a million of them live in the Flemish region, more than 300,000 in the Walloon part and over 75,000 in the region of Brussels.2
FORENSIC CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHIATRY
This publication is intended for professionals training or practising in mental health and not for the general public. The opinions expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the Editor or IACAPAP. This publication seeks to describe the best treatments and practices based on the scientific evidence available at the time of writing as evaluated by the authors and may change as a result of new research. Readers need to apply this knowledge to patients in accordance with the guidelines and laws of their country of practice. Some medications may not be available in some countries and readers should consult the specific drug information since not all dosages and unwanted effects are mentioned. Organizations, publications and websites are cited or linked to illustrate issues or as a source of further information. This does not mean that authors, the Editor or IACAPAP endorse their content or recommendations, which should be critically assessed by the reader. Websites may also change or cease to exist. ©IACAPAP 2012. This is an open-access publication under the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License. Use, distribution and reproduction in any medium are allowed without prior permission provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. Send comments about this book or chapter to jmreyATbigpond.net.au Suggested citation: van der Sloot E, Vermeiren R. Forensic child and adolescent psychiatry. In Rey JM (ed), IACAPAP e-Textbook of Child and Adolescent Mental Health. Geneva: International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions 2012. Erica van der Sloot LLM Criminal Law, MSc Criminology
National guideline for the management of anogenital warts. Clinical Effectiveness Group (Association of Genitourinary Medicine and the Medical Society for the Study of Venereal Diseases).
Anogenital warts are caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) of which over 90 genotypes have been identified. The mode of transmission is most often by sexual contact but may be transmitted perinatally and from digital lesions usually in children. There is no good evidence of transmission from fomites. Most anogenital warts are benign and caused by types 6 and 11. Some lesions may contain oncogenic types associated with genital tract dysplasia and cancers. Anogenital warts are the 'tip of the iceberg' of genital infection with HPV, for example in the USA it has been estimated that there is an annual incidence of 1% of the adult population but many more people without warts have subclinical disease or latent infection.