NEIGHBORHOOD EMPOWERMENT AND URBAN MANAGEMENT IN THE 1980s
A variety of forms of neighborhood empowerment have continued to evolve during the 1970s and 1980s. At the most basic level, neighborhood organizations have shown the capability to articulate successfully community interests to both the private and public sectors. Furthermore, these organizations have also shown the capacity to administer neighborhood services and have begun to take on more comprehensive policy making functions. Recent experiences indicate that these efforts have enhanced neighborhood participation, improved the delivery of neighborhood services, and helped resolve conflicts. While the current urban fiscal crisis provides some political opportunities for extending these neighborhood efforts, neighborhood groups will have to avoid vigilantly the economic and political entrapments present in the current situation.
Measuring regional inmigration, outmigration, and natural increase over time☆
The purpose of this paper is to propose a methodology which could be used to convert census or survey data from a few points in time--together with vital records and other data--into time series estimates of regional inmigration outmigration and natural increase....A set of estimates for 1946-64 in Bogota Colombia is used to illustrate the methodology.... (EXCERPT)
Migration Flows, Their Determinants and the Effects of Return Migration
This paper examines at the theoretical level the distinction among new, return, and autonomous migration flows. This helps to explain the relative magnitudes of observed gross and net migration flows. Return migration has the effect of linking gross migration flows in opposite directions. The income-distance trade-off is strongly affected by the state of the labor market. Thus, not only is the overall level of migration reduced under depressed conditions, but the allocative efficiency of migration is also adversely affected.