Spatial distributions of desorbing products in steady-state NO and N2O reductions on Pd(110).
The angular and velocity distributions of desorbing product N(2) were examined over the crystal azimuth in steady-state NO+CO and N(2)O+CO reactions on Pd(110) by cross-correlation time-of-flight techniques. At surface temperatures below 600 K, N(2) desorption in both reactions splits into two directional lobes collimated along 41 degrees -45 degrees from the surface normal toward the [001] and [001] directions. Above 600 K, the normally directed N(2) desorption is enhanced in the NO reduction. Each product desorption component, as well as CO(2), shows a fairly asymmetric distribution about its collimation axis. Two factors, i.e., the anisotropic site structures and the reactant orientation and movements, are operative to induce such asymmetry, depending on the product emission mechanism.
Angle resolved intensity and velocity distributions of N2 desorbed by N2O decomposition on Rh(110).
The angle resolved intensity and velocity distributions of desorbing product N(2) were measured under a steady-state N(2)O+CO reaction on Rh(110) by cross-correlation time-of-flight techniques. Three-dimensional intensity distribution of N(2) has been constructed from the angle resolved intensity distributions in the planes along different crystal azimuths. N(2) desorption has been found to split into two lobes sharply collimated along 50-63 degrees off normal toward [001] and [001] directions, suggesting that N(2)O is decomposed through the transition state of N(2)O adsorbed with the molecular axis parallel to the [001] direction. From the velocity distribution analysis, each desorption lobe is found to consist of two components with different peak angles, ca. 50 degrees and 74 degrees off normal. In both lobe cases, desorption components have been interpreted by the model of two adsorption sites; N(2)O at on-top site emits N(2) to 50 degrees and that at bridge site emits to 74 degrees.
The unfolded universe of elementary particles. A geometric explanation of the standard model structure
We propose a geometric explanation of the standard model of Glashow, Weinberg and Salam for the known elementary particles. Our model is a generic Quantum Field Theory in dimension four, obtained by developing along a Lorentz sub-manifold the lagrangian of Einstein and Dirac in dimension twelve. The main mechanism which gives birth to the standard model is a certain gauge fixing of triality, which permits to identify the multiplicity of fermions, as seen from the four dimensional world, with the eight unseen dimensions of the generating universe. In this way we get the known tables of particles, explaining the series of fermions and the gauge bosons. We suggest that the Higgs field dynamics could appear through a bosonization of the right handed neutrino and correspond to a displacement in the unseen dimensions. We also propose hypotheses for dark matter, and perhaps dark energy. Then we suggest predictions to go beyond the standard model.