A sample case of an advanced lighting system in a educational building
The paper describes a case history of an advanced lighting control system designed and realized for a couple of classrooms of the University of Rome. The control is organized by adopting a BUS system with "distributed intelligence" without a central and with smart actuators. The control turns on/off and regulates the lighting output of two classrooms, according to the actual presence of activities and to the actual availability of daylighting. A classroom was arranged with a light solution consisting in “on-off switching” control and not changing the luminaires, a second classroom was arranged with an advanced solution consisting in the replacement of the luminaires with a “dimming” control. A third class identical to the other two was taken as a reference to compare the results, in fact the architecture includes a supervisory system that allows a remote meter of the energetic values for the three classrooms. The paper shows the results of a year of monitoring campaign and compares the results with the energetic evaluation done by the a suggested tool based on the Standard EN15193 methodology.
Design and Energetic Analysis of an Advanced Control Upgrading Existing Lighting Systems
This paper considers the possible actions to reduce the energy consumption of lighting systems as more efficient luminaires and advanced controls. The upgrading of existing lighting systems requires special care and appropriate criteria in consideration of the various technical/economic aspects. A case history of three classrooms made at the Engineering Faculty, University of Rome “La Sapienza,” is described to validate the criteria that are proposed. An advanced control system organized by adopting the Konnex standard turns on/off and regulates the lights according to the actual presence of activities and the actual availability of daylighting. In order to associate the energy savings with the costs of installation, a classroom was arranged with a “cheap” solution consisting of “on-off switching” control, maintaining the existent luminaires, and another one with an “expensive” solution with the replacement of the luminaires and a “dimming” control. The architecture includes a supervisory and metering system for the two classrooms and a third one without controls, which is assumed as a reference for comparison. The results of a year of monitoring campaign are compared with the preliminary evaluation done by means of the standard EN15193 methodology.
Ground Fault Protection for Electric Utility Generating Station Medium Voltage Auxiliary Power Systems
Most generating station designs have medium voltage auxiliary power systems with low resistance grounded neutrals.1 In order to provide even higher reliability, the auxiliary power distribution system configurations supply increasingly redundant process equipment.