Method of Preparation for High-Purity Nanocrystalline Anhydrous Cesium Perrhenate
This paper is devoted to the preparation of high-purity anhydrous nanocrystalline cesium perrhenate, which is applied in catalyst preparation. It was found that anhydrous cesium perrhenate with a crystal size <45 nm can be obtained using cesium ion sorption and elution using aqueous solutions of perrhenic acid with subsequent crystallisation, purification, and drying. The following composition of the as-obtained product was reported: 34.7% Cs; 48.6% Re and <2 ppm Bi; <3 ppm Zn; <2 ppm As; <10 ppm Ni; < 3 ppm Mg; <5 ppm Cu; <5 ppm Mo; <5 ppm Pb; <10 ppm K; <2 ppm Na; <5 ppm Ca; <3 ppm Fe.
Rhenium(VII) Compounds as Inorganic Precursors for the Synthesis of Organic Reaction Catalysts
Rhenium is an element that exhibits a broad range of oxidation states. Synthesis paths of selected rhenium compounds in its seventh oxidation state, which are common precursors for organic reaction catalysts, were presented in this paper. Production technologies for copper perrhenate, aluminum perrhenate as well as the ammonia complex of cobalt perrhenate, are thoroughly described. An ion exchange method, based on Al or Cu metal ion sorption and subsequent elution by aqueous perrhenic acid solutions, was used to obtain perrhenates. The produced solutions were neutralized to afford the targeted aluminum perrhenate and copper perrhenate products in high purity. The developed technologies allow one to manage the wastes from the production of these perrhenates as most streams were recycled. Hexaamminecobalt(III) perrhenate was produced by a newly developed method enabling us to produce a high purity compound in a reaction of spent hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride solution with a perrhenic acid. All prepared compounds are the basis for precursor preparation in organic catalysis.
Elimination of man-made radionuclides from natural waters by applying a standard coagulation-flocculation process
We studied the effectiveness of potable water treatment processes that consist of the stages of coagulation-flocculation-decantation, using iron-based coagulants, in eliminating gamma-emitting man-made radioisotopes of cesium, strontium, and americium from two natural waters with different degrees of mineralization. The resulting decontamination was found to depend on the chemical behavior of each of the radionuclides considered, on the pH at which the process of coagulation is carried out, and on the concentration of the other stable cations present.