Effect of virgin coconut meal (VCM) on the rheological, micro-structure and baking properties of cake and batter
Virgin coconut meal (VCM) cakes were prepared by replacing refined wheat flour (maida) (5 to 20 % level) to check its effect on chemical, textural and rheological attributes of cake. The addition of VCM significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased redness (a*), yellowness (b*) while reduced lightness (L*) of cakes. The incorporation of VCM affects the hardness, adhesiveness gumminess and chewiness of cake. The effect of flour replacement with VCM increased the viscosity of batter which leads to increase in consistency index and lower the shearthining behavior. The viscoelastic behavior of cake batter in which elastic modulus (G’) and viscous modulus (G”) both were decreased with the increase in percentage of VCM. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis revealed that the onset (To), end set (Tc) and enthalpy of gelatinization (ΔH) increased with the increased level of VCM.
Desempenho bioeconômico de suínos em crescimento e terminação alimentados com rações contendo farelo de coco
Objetivou-se avaliar o desempenho de suinos em crescimento e terminacao alimentados com racoes contendo farelo de coco. Foram utilizados 20 suinos machos castrados mesticos Landrace × Large White com 19,7 ± 2,9 kg de peso vivo inicial e 89,2 ± 5,8 kg de peso vivo final distribuidos em delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro tratamentos (0, 10, 20 ou 30% de farelo de coco) e cinco repeticoes. Avaliaram-se o desempenho, o ganho de peso medio diario, o consumo de racao medio diario e a conversao alimentar nas fases de crescimento (65 a 107 dias de idade) e crescimento-terminacao (65 a 149 dias de idade). Os parâmetros economicos avaliados foram a receita bruta media, o custo medio da alimentacao, a margem bruta media e a rentabilidade media. Os melhores resultados de ganho de peso medio diario e receita bruta media na fase de crescimento foram obtidos com o nivel de 22,5% de farelo de coco na racao. Na fase de crescimento-terminacao, a receita bruta media no periodo total indica que e possivel incluir 22,4% de farelo de coco em dietas para suinos formuladas com farelo residual de milho e farelo de soja.
Assessment of some agro-technological parameters of cactus pear fruit ( Opuntia ficus-indica Mill . ) in Morocco cultivars
Cactaceae had always attracted attention by their strange shapes and important adaptability supporting extreme conditions. For this reasons, Fruit traits were measured on 13 cultivars growing in different locations in Morocco. Results show significant differences between the cultivars. The source of this variation was probably genetic without excluding the geographic effects. The Tamri, Berkan, Ait Baha cultivars showed small fruit dimensions and weight. In contrast, Sidi-Ifni M, Nador, Mohammedia and Ben Guerir were greater than 100 g by fruit. Sidi-Ifni M, Hoceima, Mohammedia and Nador, although larger, contained few seeds, about 200 seeds per fruit; while Tamri, Ait Baha, Safi, Meknes and Tafraout contained over than 230 seeds per fruit. High levels of juice about 62 ml/100 g pulp were obtained with Sidi-Ifni M, Nador, Mohammedia and Ben Guerir cultivars. Total sugars of the 13 cultivars were quite similar and pH was low in Tamri and close to neutrality in the rest of cultivars. Therefore, oil extracted from Opuntia ficus-indica seeds constituted 13.6% of the whole seed. Thin-layer chromatography in conjunction with gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed a relatively high degree of unsaturation, 83.32% and 16% for saturated fatty acid, with a linoleic acid content of 63.66% followed by oleic 18.34%, palmitic 12.84% and stearic acid 2.81%. Based on these results, O. ficus-indica seed oil appears to be a good potential source of edible oil for human and (or) animal consumption. Our investigation describes that Tamri and Tafraout cultivars are not really a commercial viable fruit due to low total soluble solids value and highest seeds number per fruit. Against Mohammedia, Sidi Ifni M and Nador cultivars proved to have the highest fruit weight, very good total soluble solids value and low number of seeds, these cultivars can therefore be planted for both fruit production and for harvesting of cladodes for animal feed.