Photon and proton induced fission on heavy nuclei at intermediate energies
We present an analysis of fission induced by intermediate energy protons or photons on actinides. The 660 MeV proton induced reactions are on 241 Am, 238 U, and 237 Np targets and the Bremmstrahlung-photons with end-point energies at 50 MeV and 3500 MeV are on 232 Th and 238 U targets. The study was performed by means of the Monte Carlo simulation code CRISP. A multimodal fission extension was added to the code within an approach which accounts for the contribution of symmetric and asymmetric fission. This procedure allowed the investigation of fission cross sections, fissility, num- ber of evaporated nucleons and fission-fragment charge distributions. The comparison with experimental data show a good agreement between calculations and experiments.
Heavy-ion-induced fission of $$^{181}$$Ta and $$^{209}$$Bi at intermediate energies by CRISP model
In this work, we study the mechanism of the nuclear reaction of $$^{11}$$
 B ion with $$^{181}$$
 Ta and $$^{209}$$
 Bi targets at intermediate energies and analyze the nuclear reaction processes starting from the initial nucleus–nucleus collision up to the fragments production. The experimental data are derived from the literature Karapetyan et al. (Phys Rev C 94: 024618, 2016). A new branch of CRISP model has been extended in the framework of the rotating liquid drop model to describe heavy-ion-induced reactions. Experimental mass-yield distribution is compared with the results of the Monte Carlo simulation code CRISP using the theoretical model calculations. The experimental data of spallation products are also described by the CRISP model. The fission cross sections, fissility and fragment mass distributions are calculated and compared with experimental data. We conclude that CRISP model provides a good description for the cases analyzed in this study and gives us confidence that it might be applied to other cases as well.
Rotating dialysis cell as in vitro release method for oily parenteral depot solutions.
The purpose of the study was to investigate an in vitro release method based on a rotating dialysis cell for parenteral oil depot formulations using different model conditions and test formulations. The total amount of drug released from the rotating dialysis cell was in accordance with the theoretical values calculated from the partition coefficients. The release rates were shown to depend on the total amount of drug available for the release process and to follow first order kinetics. The rotating dialysis cell has a potential as in vitro release method for characterization of oily depot formulations for parenteral administration.