Developing a Case Typology for Children in Out-of-Home Care: Child Welfare Worker Perspectives
This study uses exploratory research methods to create a comprehensive list of case types for children entering out-of-home care placements. Child welfare workers' experiences were the primary source of data for this qualitative analysis. Researchers conducted focus groups in five urban counties in Minnesota. A case typology of 18 case types defined by 4 specific categories (parents' capacity or behavior, child reasons, problems in parenting, previous unsuccessful child welfare intervention) is presented. Data from worker perspectives are analyzed and compared with quantitative research to enhance conceptual understanding of case types, intervention strategies, and associated outcomes. Researchers discuss implications of a case typology, including potential benefits, in the application of intervention strategies, outcomes reporting, and data tracking.
Toward a causal typology of child neglect
This article represents part of the authors' ongoing review of research concerning the whole range of child maltreatment, including physical abuse, neglect, and sexual abuse. The typology presented in this article includes the following categories: physical neglect; developmental neglect; and emotional neglect, which is divided into a general type and nonorganic failure-to-thrive. Within this typology, the authors examine the research literature to discover relationships between each type of neglect and etiological factors, including: Stressors; cultural patterns or beliefs; lack of skills or supports; problems in family roles or relationships; and personality characteristics of parents and adult caretakers.
European Neutrality in Historical Perspective
This chapter places the neutrality policies of the established European neutral states—Austria, Finland, Ireland, Sweden and Switzerland—in historical context. It explores the origins of neutrality in the idea of non-belligerency in war and the history of neutrality in modern European international politics, highlighting the way in which quite a wide variety of states were or sought to be neutral at various points in the nineteenth century or the first half of the twentieth century. The chapter then shows how the Cold War division of Europe resulted in Austria, Finland, Ireland, Sweden and Switzerland (along with Yugoslavia) emerging as a distinctive neutral group of states between the two blocs. The chapter also reviews how the European neutral states’ foreign and security policies have adapted since the end of the Cold War. It finishes with some conclusions about neutrality in general and the neutrality of the established European neutral states in particular.