Victim-Based Effects on Racially Disparate Sentencing in Ohio
Scholars have argued that African-American men accused of violently victimizing whites receive especially harsh treatment in court. This thesis was tested with samples of felony defendants processed in Ohio courts before and after the implementation of sentencing guidelines. During the preguideline period only, African-American men accused of victimizing whites were less likely than other defendants to plead guilty in exchange for reduced charges and/or sentences, and African-American men incarcerated for violent crimes against whites received longer sentences than other incarcerated offenders. During the postguideline period only, by contrast, the odds of pleading guilty in exchange for reduced charges were actually higher for African-American men accused of victimizing whites. African-American male prison terms significantly declined relative to incarcerated whites from the preguideline to the postguideline period. The interaction effect of defendant-victim race was significant during the preguideline period, not significant in the postguideline period, and significantly changed over time.
Racial disparities among African Americans primarily in the criminal justice system and other areas in society
African Americans are overrepresented in the criminal justice system and known to experience disadvantages in society because of their race/ethnicity. In an effort to understand the barriers that hinder African Americans from equal opportunity; this study explores the possible factors that account for the disparities against the African American population in the criminal justice system and other areas in society. The current studies that exist utilize qualitative and quantitative interviews to collect the perceptions and experiences of African Americans with law enforcement. Findings revealed disparities particularly in the criminal justice system; the disparities are present in traffic tops, arrest, and sentencing. The disparities also exist in numerous areas in society such as academia and socioeconomic status. These disparities illustrate the systematic issues persons in African Americans community may face that prevent them from being fully functioning, adequate, and successful citizens. Implications for local, state, and federal changes are addressed. This open access graduate research paper is available at UNI ScholarWorks: https://scholarworks.uni.edu/grp/154 RUNNING HEAD: Racial Disparities among African Americans 1 Racial Disparities among African Americans Primarily in the Criminal Justice System and other areas in society Juana D. Hollingsworth University of Northern Iowa Racial Disparities among African Americans 2 “The More Things Change the More They Remain the Same” Alphonse Karr Racial Disparities among African Americans 3 Abstract African Americans are overrepresented in the criminal justice system and known to experience disadvantages in society because of their race/ethnicity. In an effort to understand the barriers that hinder African Americans from equal opportunity; this study explores the possible factors that account for the disparities against the African American population in the criminal justice system and other areas in society. The current studies that exist utilize qualitative and quantitative interviews to collect the perceptions and experiences of African Americans with law enforcement. Findings revealed disparities particularly in the criminal justice system; the disparities are present in traffic tops, arrest, and sentencing. The disparities also exist in numerous areas in society such as academia and socioeconomic status. These disparities illustrate the systematic issues persons in African Americans community may face that prevent them from being fully functioning, adequate, and successful citizens. Implications for local, state, and federal changes are addressed.African Americans are overrepresented in the criminal justice system and known to experience disadvantages in society because of their race/ethnicity. In an effort to understand the barriers that hinder African Americans from equal opportunity; this study explores the possible factors that account for the disparities against the African American population in the criminal justice system and other areas in society. The current studies that exist utilize qualitative and quantitative interviews to collect the perceptions and experiences of African Americans with law enforcement. Findings revealed disparities particularly in the criminal justice system; the disparities are present in traffic tops, arrest, and sentencing. The disparities also exist in numerous areas in society such as academia and socioeconomic status. These disparities illustrate the systematic issues persons in African Americans community may face that prevent them from being fully functioning, adequate, and successful citizens. Implications for local, state, and federal changes are addressed. Racial Disparities among African Americans 4
La inseguridad jurídica en normas de contratación estatal
It is established by different studies that the issue of government procurement has been marred by several factors, the test objective to publicize these factors, we take as starting point the constant conflict between the branches of government to try and organize this subject; will collect and analyze diverse regulatory and case material in order to achieve evidence and demonstrate the different concepts of constant change that produces excessive regulation of the subject procurement and is in turn causing rapid changes that result in legal uncertainty for our law on the Contract Status.