A sample case of an advanced lighting system in a educational building
The paper describes a case history of an advanced lighting control system designed and realized for a couple of classrooms of the University of Rome. The control is organized by adopting a BUS system with "distributed intelligence" without a central and with smart actuators. The control turns on/off and regulates the lighting output of two classrooms, according to the actual presence of activities and to the actual availability of daylighting. A classroom was arranged with a light solution consisting in “on-off switching” control and not changing the luminaires, a second classroom was arranged with an advanced solution consisting in the replacement of the luminaires with a “dimming” control. A third class identical to the other two was taken as a reference to compare the results, in fact the architecture includes a supervisory system that allows a remote meter of the energetic values for the three classrooms. The paper shows the results of a year of monitoring campaign and compares the results with the energetic evaluation done by the a suggested tool based on the Standard EN15193 methodology.
Design of Control Model for Multi-User Preference and Activity in Smart Building System for Energy Saving
The environmental adaptability of the smart building is required for energy efficiency. The schedulingbased control model that widely implemented, have a user dependence and assumes maximum occupancy regardless of the occupant's desire in the energy usage requirement during the activity (i.e., ignoring user preferences). In this paper, we present our study on a building control model based on user preference, presence, location, and activity. We present it in a formal model, including conflict resolution techniques on multi-user preference (minimum, maximum, and average preference models). The contribution of this study is the optimization of control model for energy efficiency that also meet multi-user preference. The evaluation of the proposed control model is done through simulation and is compared with the scheduling-based control models. The results show that the minimum, maximum, and average preferences have an energy consumption of 73.5 kWh/day, 44.5 kWh/day, and 58.9 kWh/day, respectively, which are more efficient than the scheduling-based control model. If the Euclidean distance is used to estimate the error value between temperature and light actuation to multi-user preference, the lowest error is the average preference.
New approach to vision-based BGA package inspection
Ball grid array (BGA) techniques have developed very fast due to the advantages of more I/O ports, small size, and so on. In this paper, a vision-based algorithm for BGA package inspection is proposed to accurately estimate center and diameters of solder-balls of BGA packages, so that defects of BGA packages, such as missing or extra balls, oversize or undersize balls, over-height or under-height balls, and pitch can be detected for ensuring the quality of BGA packages.