[Slight differences in noise stimulation and NI-TTS (noise-induced temporary threshold shift)].
This paper was attempted to study on the temporary threshold shift (TTS) at 4000cps by a 20-min noise exposure through a earphone to each of a subdivided tone, approximately 2db step, within the range of 79 to 88 phon of white noise. The change of auditory sensitivity was observed by means of Bekesy-type audiometer. Nine subjects tested were adult men with normal hearing who had well experienced the Bekesy audiometry. These results were as follows:1) Although the intensities of stimuli of tones were slightly different respectively, a noise intensity which produced a remarked rise of TTS and a prolonged recovery from it was found in all the subjects.2) A noise intensity level producing of such an elevated threshold was significantly defferent each other:No. 1 and No. 7 were found at 81db; No. 2 at 82db; No. 3, No. 5, No. 6 and No. 9 at 84db; No. 4 and No. 8 at 86db.3) Observing the recovery process over a duration of 20 min, the following was noted, that the elevated threshold after stimuli, being recovered to normal threshold, still showed the elevation in 7-9 min after stimuli were ceased. This was classified to class IV & V. These recovery types were more frequently found on 1 grade less intensity of tone than the fatiguing tone intensity producing the remarked threshold shift and prolonged recovery of it. And these recovery pattern dissappeared on the interruped threshold tone at a frequency of 4000cps.
Loudness Patterns—A New Approach
When a sound enters the ear it sets up a vibration pattern along the basilar membrane. This vibration pattern initiates nerve pulses which travel along the eighth nerve to the brain, where a second pattern of neural activity results. Two general methods may be used to study these patterms: (1) the objective measurement of cortical potentials by the electro‐physiologist, and (2) subjective measurements such as masking and fatigue effects. The present paper is based on the latter procedure in which the results of loudness and fatigue tests have been combined to give patterns of cortical activity in terms of millisones per kappa‐band. Use of fatigue patterns permits employment of a low level probe tone which overcomes the difficulties formerly experienced with artifacts in masking patterns due to beats and distortion products.
Pedagogy of the “Not”: Negation, Exodus, and Postdigital Temporal Regimes
Postdigital capitalist time is an incessant acceleration that acts to homogenize time and wed us to the present, to which we have to constantly catch up. While the impulse of this is no doubt economic (the realization of value), it is crucially undergirded by a pedagogical logic wherein we have to perpetually learn and re-learn the latest apps, social media configurations, operating systems, and so on. Political strategies of resistance thus need to be bolstered by an alternative mode of educational life, and I propose a pedagogy of the “not” as one possibility. Such a pedagogy is an act of suspension that sustains a detachment from the present, clearing out oppositions and thereby exposing us to a radical indeterminacy and potentiality that is always untimely. Suspension is the praxis of negation, which means that negation operates by keeping sense indeterminate to meaning and signification. Rather than suppressing, disavowing, or annihilating the stated content, negation retains even that which is negated. While this would appear as a form of exopedagogy, which withdraws from the dialectic of the private/public, I instead argue that it redefines the terms of any dialectic, redefining the very categories exopedagogy withdraws from. Before concluding, I spend some time with Sandy Grande’s important critiques of Eurocentrism and progress in Western critical education, demonstrating how negation as suspension circumvents these errors through its accommodation of—or, better, insistence on—variegated temporalities and forms of life.