Rate of Bitumen Film Transfer from a Quartz Surface to an Air Bubble as Observed by Optical Microscopy
The rate of bitumen transfer from a bitumen-coated quartz plate to a gas bubble surface in aqueous alkaline solutions was recorded photographically. During bitumen spreading, a bulk layer followed the formation of thin bitumen films (precursor films). The bulk layer spread at the bubble surface with a velocity of about one order of magnitude less than the velocity of the precursor film. The energy of activation for spreading of the bulk layer varied from about 66 to 123 kJ/mol depending on the stage of bitumen spreading but remained constant at about 105 kJ/mol for the precursor film. Results are discussed with respect to fundamental issues associated with flo t a t i o n r e c o v e ry of heavy oils.
Preliminary examination of oil bonding at sand surfaces and its influence on hot water separation
The efficiency of water-based separation of oil from sand particles is dependent on the nature of the oil-sand association and a preliminary examination of this bonding has been completed. The degree of hydration of the sand surface at the time of contact with oil was related to the subsequent efficiency of the oil-sand separation process. Variables which influence hot water separation were correlated by multiple linear regression, and a second order experimental model was obtained. The processing temperature appeared to be the most significant variable, followed by digestion time and pH. Oil-coated sand particles which had intrinsic water left on their surface during sample preparation were easily processed in hot water separation experiments, and 64 to 90% of the oil was removed. On the other hand, only 1 to 23% separation and oil recovery was possible when a calcinated sand-oil mixture was used.
Cutaneous myiasis caused by the housefly, Musca domestica
Summary We report a case of cutaneous myiasis by the housefly. Musca domestica.