On the Geodetic Feasibility of Mars with VLBI Observables from Mars Probe
Based on the observation of Mars probe with ground VLBI, the observation model including the position of Mars probe and connection parameters of reference systems is studied in this paper, and the estimable parameter sequence is determined. Then the adjustment method appropriate for rank defect in the matrix of normal equation coefficients is studied, the model parameters are calculated and their precisions are evaluated. Thirdly, the impact of accidental errors to the parameters is analyzed. The results are given at the end of the paper.
VLBI OBSERVATIONS OF GEOSYNCHRONOUS SATELLITES
The principle of determining spacecraft angular position with differential VLBI (Very Long Baseline Interferometry) technique is described. The first domestic differential VLBI observations of geosynchronous satellites were performed with participations of Shanghai, Urumqi and Kunming stations. Three strong quasars within angular separation of 15° from target satellites were selected as reference radio sources. The main purpose of such observations is to obtain interferometric fringes of the satellites, and to estimate accuracy of differential VLBI observations. A 2-station FX type correlator at SHAO (Shanghai Astronomical Observatory) was used to do cross-correlations of radio signals in MK3A-C tape format. Strong fringes of the satellites were detected to all stations. The precision of time delay and rate was derived from the correlator output. Based on system errors analysis, we estimated that ΔDOR (Delta Differential One-way Ranging) error was about 41cm, and ΔDOD (Delta Differential One-way Doppler) error was about 0.148mm/s, which corresponded, respectively, to the position error of 8m and the velocity error of 2.8mm/s for the geosynchronous satellite on the plane of sky.
Correlations for mass transfer between fluidized spheres and a liquid
Abstract Data on mass transfer between the solid particles and the liquid in a fluidized bed have been analyzed. After a convenient selection, various correlations have been derived. They show that for a given fluidized system, the Sherwood number is independent on the Reynolds number.