IMPLEMENTATION OF PUAP PROGRAM (PENGEMBANGAN USAHA AGRIBISNIS PERDESAAN/ RURAL AGRIBUSINESS DEVELOPMENT EFFORT) IN NGAWI REGENCY
Implementation Of PUAP Program (Pengembangan Usaha Agribisnis Perdesaan/ Rural Agribusiness Development Effort) In Ngawi Regency. The Indonesian Government through the Ministry of agriculture in 2008 the new policy to overcome the basic problem faced released by the farmers through capital assistance given to Gapoktan (Gabungan Kelompok Tani/joint of farmer group) in poor villages, every Gapoktan receive donation Rp. 100.000.000,00 to  create Microfinance Institution-Agriculture (MFI-A). This policy is known as PUAP (Pengembangan Usaha Agribisnis Perdesaan/Rural Agribusiness Developement). In this research I want to analyze the implementation of PUAP program in Ngawi Regency in order to know why in such gapoktan this program can be well implemented while in others gapoktan cannot. And finally we can design the better implementation of PUAP program in Ngawi Regency. To conduct this research, I will start by stating two basic questions: What are the supporting factors implementations of the PUAP program? And what are constraining factors of implementations of the PUAP program?. The research result shows that the constraining factors consist of: Socialization process conducted by gapoktan still not optimal, The lack of an existing Penyelia Mitra Tani in Ngawi, The lack of willingness of the officials of gapoktan to work, no assessments from the government to actors involved in PUAP program, The abuse of authority by the officials of gapoktan, Bad appointment of bureaucrats in gapoktan, Lack of financial support, fragmentation among companions. While for supporting factors consist of : Principle of openness that has been implemented by official of gapoktan, Good behavior had by most of actors involved in the implementation of PUAP program.
Implementasi Kebijakan: Perspektif, Model dan Kriteria Pengukurannya
Eugene Bardach dalam tulisannya mengatakan bahwapenulis yang lebih awal memberikan perhatian terhadapmasalah implementasi ialah Douglas R. Bunker dalampenyajiannya di depan the American Association for theAdvancement of Science pada tahun 1970. Pada saat itudisajikan untuk pertama kali secara konseptual tentangproses implementasi kebijakan sebagai suatu fenomenasosial politik (Edward III, 1984: 1). Konsep tersebutkemudian semakin marak dibicarakan seiring denganbanyaknya pakar yang memberikan kontribusi pemikiranmengenai implementasi kebijakan sebagai salah satutahap dari proses kebijakan. Wahab dan beberapa penulismenempatkan tahap implementasi kebijakan pada posisiyang berbeda, namun pada prinsipnya setiap kebijakanpublik selalu ditindaklanjuti dengan implementasikebijakan (Wahab, 1991: 117). Oleh karena itu,implementasi merupakan tahap yang sangat menentukandalam proses kebijakan (Ripley dan Franklin, 1982,dalam Tarigan, 2000: 14; Wibawa dkk., 1994: 15).
THE RUSH TO REGULATE: Legal Frameworks for Microfinance
But the past two decades have seen the emergence of powerful new methodologies for delivering microfinance services,1 especially microcredit. Much of this innovation has been pioneered by non-governmental organizations (NGOs), who typically do not have a legal charter authorizing them to engage in financial intermediation. Governments, donors, and practitioners are now talking about new legal structures for microfinance in dozens of countries. Microfinance regulation and supervision has suddenly become a hot topic, with conferences, publications, committees, and projects appearing everywhere. Much of the attention is focused on NGO microfinance.2