HUMAN RIGHTS OF PRISONERS - INDIA AND THE WORLD
One of the major issues championed fervently by the world human rights movement, is the recognition of human rights of prisoners, or more specifically, the recognition of the prisoner as a human being. Central to the quest for amelioration of the miserable condition of prisoners, is the logical assumption that the prison degrades and dehunmanizes a human being. Another implicit assumption, is that all prisoners are not necessarily born criminals but the brutally and barbarity of prison life, transform them into potential enemies of society, adding to the list of arch criminals dreaded and despised by all. George Bernard Shaw observed very rightly, that 'To punish a man retributively, you need to injure him. And men are not improved by injuries'. T. H. Green, the noted idealist thinker, was of the decided view, that when the state condemns a person to imprisonment, its aim should be to transform him into a good citizen through a radical reformation of his character. Green was decidedly in favour of reformatory punishment as a against retributive punishment. Michel Foucault, one of the leading Post-Modernist thinkers, in a scathing criticism of the inhumanities of prison life, says that 'those leaving prison, have more chance before, of going back to it ... The prison can not fail to produce delinquents. It does so by the very type of
Human Rights in the Criminal Justice System
Introduction Human rights are those minimal rights which every individual must have by virtue of his being a "member of human family", irrespective of any other consideration. They are based on mankind's demand for a life in which the inherent dignity of the human being will receive respect and protection. The concept of human rights is as old as the ancient doctrine of natural rights founded on natural law. The expression "human rights", however, is of recent origin emerging from post Second World War international charters and conventions. The first documentary use of the expression "human rights" could be seen in the Charter of the United Nations which was adopted at San Francisco on June 25, 1945. The United Nations, which arose like phoenix out of the ashes of the Second World War, declared the promotion and fostering of human rights and basic freedoms as one of its goals.
An analysis of patients discharged from a hospital‐based glaucoma case‐finding clinic over a 3‐year period
Purpose:  To analyse the false positive referrals by community optometrists to a glaucoma case‐finding clinic over a 3‐year period.