Federal finance, fiscal imbalance and educational inequality
This paper discusses the practice and problems associated with the financing of education in federal political systems as a way of highlighting issues involved in the diversification of the sources of educational financing. The major imbalances between the finances and responsibilities of a federal government and the combined units of a lower level of government, and of the individual units of a lower level of government are concentrated on in general and with regard to education in particular. The experiences of six federal countries in dealing with these imbalances are then described and the lessons learned discussed.
Financing of vocational education and training in developing countries : Options and poiicy Issues
This document reports on financing vocational education and training (VET) in developing countries. It focuses on different ways that programs are financed, the link between financing and educational practice, and the conditions that govern the effective use of resources. Chapter I examines the use of public tax revenues to finance VET. It identifies some adverse consequences of public financing; highlights the potential for extending use of public revenues through alternatives to block grants; discusses three major issues--locus of control, equity, and vertical and horizontal imbalance; and describes some policy implications. Chapter II examines these approaches to enterprise financing of training: earmarked payroll tax; tax rebate and credit schemes; and the German dual system. Chapter III reviews alternatives to government-financed VET, including training fees, fellowships and loans, and vouchers and tuition tax credits. Chapter IV discusses production for profit and its policy implications. Chapter V examines how international donor assistance is used to finance VET. It addresses characteristics of assistance, limitations accompanying assistance, and policy implications. Chapter VI focuses on diversifying financing. The discussion of limitations and opportunities covers making better use of resources, broadening financial support, and expanding opportunity. Contains 75 references. (YLB) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ***********************************************************************
Relationship between level of internet addiction and time management skills among nursing students.
PURPOSE
This study investigated nursing students' levels of internet addiction (IA) and time management (TM) skills.


DESIGN AND METHODS
This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 400 nursing students of a university in Turkey. The data were collected using the Personal Information Form, IA Scale, and TM Inventory.


FINDINGS
The IA scale and TM inventory mean scores were 40.83 ± 14.81 and 81.34 ± 11.91, respectively. A significantly negative relationship between students' level of IA and TM skills was found (p <0.05).


PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS
The concept of effective time management should be used in interventions for promoting students' conscious internet use.