A ascensão e queda da teoria do calórico
The aim of this paper is to make a historical analysis of the appearance of the caloric theory, its explanatory power and its decline. Unlike many texts disclose, we will show that Joseph Black was not the first to investigate the heat as a substance and that the experiments of Benjamin Thompson (Count Rumford) were not crucial to the abandonment of this theory. The explanatory power of the caloric will be shown by analysis of extracts from the book of dissemination of Science authored by Janet Marcet. We believe that the knowledge of these facts will help to better understand the origin of many terms that we use in the study of the calorimetry, besides alerting teachers and students of the historical claims errors found in textbooks.
Reflexões para subsidiar discussões sobre o conceito de calor na sala de aula
A fundamental concept in Thermodynamics is that of heat. This 
work seeks to contribute with reflections on the concept of heat 
that can subsidize the educational process of the same concept.
CAUSES OF FLUCTUATIONS IN R&D EXPENDITURES A QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS
Introduction 124 The stylised facts of R&D in OECD economies 124 The determinants of business R&D expenditures 127 Modelling R&D expenditures 130 Conclusion 135 Bibliography 137 Annex: The model 138