The CDFII Time-Of-Flight Detector and Impact on Beauty Flavor Tagging
The new CDFII detector incorporates a Time-of-Flight detector (TOF), em-ploying plastic scintillator bars and ﬁne-mesh photomultipliers. Since August 2001 the TOF system has been fully instrumented and integrated into the CDFII data acquisition system. With a design goal of 100 ps resolution the TOF system will pro-vide at least two standard deviations separation between K ± and π ± for momenta p < 1 . 6 GeV/c , complementing low momentum particle identiﬁcation by means of the speciﬁc ionization energy loss measured in the drift chamber. We describe the design of the TOF detector and discuss the current status of its calibration and initial performances. Finally we review the expected impact of the TOF detector in the ﬂavor tagging of neutral B S meson.
The Time of Flight Detector at CDF
A Time-of-Flight detector (TOF) has been incorporated into the CDF-II experiment in order to provide charged kaon identification to improve neutral B meson flavor determination. With an expected time-of-flight resolution of 100 ps, the system will be able to provide 2 standard deviation separation between K± and π± for momenta p < 1.6 GeV/c, complementing the specific ionization energy loss dE/dx measured with the new drift chamber.
The New ‘U’
Today's talk about tenure must be framed within broader discussions about the role of the university. Our university system is now over one hundred years old, the “Old-Time College” is gone, the “cold war” university is no longer viable, and the foundations of the modern “multiversity” are cracking, so it is time to talk about change. But change is not necessarily reform, and resisting change probably will not keep things the way they are, so academics must understand the forces reshaping the university. Whenever I listen to colleagues defend the status quo by saying that the United States has a university system that is the envy of the world, I hear echoes of the Detroit automobile industry's casual dismissal of foreign competitors in the early 1960s. The decision not to change did not preserve the auto industry, and it is unlikely to preserve public universities as we know them. The current debates about tenure began with ideological attacks on “tenured radicals” who used their secure jobs to subvert conservative cultural values. The attack on tenure gathered steam as fiscal hawks in financially-strapped states looked for ways to save money and found huge state university systems with budgets to match. When asked why he robbed banks, the legendary Willie Sutton replied, “Because that's where the money is.” When asked why they are robbing tenure, legislators, regents, and administrators reply, “Because that's where the money is.” Personnel costs are a large share of university budgets and tenure ties the hands of administrators and legislators accustomed to using purse strings to control universities.