NEIGHBORHOOD EMPOWERMENT AND URBAN MANAGEMENT IN THE 1980s
A variety of forms of neighborhood empowerment have continued to evolve during the 1970s and 1980s. At the most basic level, neighborhood organizations have shown the capability to articulate successfully community interests to both the private and public sectors. Furthermore, these organizations have also shown the capacity to administer neighborhood services and have begun to take on more comprehensive policy making functions. Recent experiences indicate that these efforts have enhanced neighborhood participation, improved the delivery of neighborhood services, and helped resolve conflicts. While the current urban fiscal crisis provides some political opportunities for extending these neighborhood efforts, neighborhood groups will have to avoid vigilantly the economic and political entrapments present in the current situation.
Measuring regional inmigration, outmigration, and natural increase over time☆
The purpose of this paper is to propose a methodology which could be used to convert census or survey data from a few points in time--together with vital records and other data--into time series estimates of regional inmigration outmigration and natural increase....A set of estimates for 1946-64 in Bogota Colombia is used to illustrate the methodology.... (EXCERPT)
Urban Identities and Catastrophe: Izmir and Salonica at the End of the Ottoman Empire*
Two huge fires dramatically influenced the urban development of Salonica and Izmir, in 1917 and in 1922, respectively. These catastrophes occurred after the Ottoman Empire fell, and Salonica and Izmir had shifted into new national contexts. The fires mainly destroyed the districts that were transformed during the late‐Ottoman period. These districts became the cosmopolitan façades of modern Izmir and Salonica. The post‐fires' tabula rasa provided an opportunity for Greek and Turkish politicians and European planners to change the urban identity of both cities. Moreover, the Lausanne Treaty of 1923 transformed their multicultural societies also. Reconstruction plans had been thought to de‐Ottomanize and remove the previous idea of the towns and their multiplicity, interpreting new cultural and nationalist feeling. Here, I emphasize how modernity was interpreted before and after the fires, and point out contradictions between ideological aspects of planning and how the first urban districts were built during the 1920s.