Ultra-thin sealed lead-acid batteries
The structure and performance of the world's first ultra-thin sealed lead-acid batteries are described. The batteries are 0.65 mm thick, the thinnest ever achieved, and are made possible by a new electrode structure. In a conventional battery, the separator is sandwiched between the positive and negative electrodes. In the new battery structure, however, the positive electrode, electrolyte, and negative electrode are arranged on the same plane. Movement of the battery reaction sites during charge/discharge is parallel to the main surface of the electrode. Consequently, the new battery structure offers significant advantages in regard to life performance. Batteries utilizing this new structure have a long life of over 400 cycles, and good performance of the charge/discharge characteristics. In addition, a variety of different batteries can be manufactured using screen patterns. By using the techniques described above, the thickness of a sealed lead-acid battery can be reduced to less than one seventh of that of a conventional one, without performance degradation.<<ETX>>
High-capacity thin sealed lead-acid battery
The authors have developed a battery structure to achieve an ultra-thin sealed lead-acid battery with nondegrading performance. A thin and high-capacity sealed lead-acid battery utilizing the developed battery structure is described. To develop high-capacity batteries, several problems must be overcome. They include the establishment of a printing method to print thick lead paste layers precisely, and a technique to improve the bonding force between the active material and the collector. Consequently, the capacity of the batteries is 700 mAh, and its thickness is, respectively, 1.0 mm and 2.2 mm. In addition, these batteries have a life of over 400 cycles, and have achieved an energy density over 100 Wh/L.<<ETX>>
Numerical and experimental investigation on air distributor design of fluidized bed reactor of sawdust pyrolysis
Abstract An improved biomass conversion in a lab-scale fluidized bed reactor (FBR) is achieved by optimizing the air distributor orifice size and number. Two approaches for introducing air were numerically and experimentally examined. These included perforated plate and downward orifice sparger. 3 mm and 5 mm orifice diameters, and 7, 9 and 13 holes were simulated at flow velocities of 2, 4, 6, and 8 times the minimum fluidization velocity, Umf. The simulation results revealed that increasing the orifice number has a positive effect on gas holdup, particularly for the perforated plate, which showed a uniform distribution of bubbles. The sparger configuration produced larger bubbles sizes, which could lead to better recirculation of solid flux, while stagnant particle zones were observed at the lower section of both distributors. A pyrolysis unit is also inserted at the top of freeboard of the FBR. For perforated plate with 6Umf, the pyrolysis process achieved thermal and cold gas efficiencies of 82.91% and 52.03%, respectively, while combustible gases with 41.6%mol CO, 8.7%mol CH 4 and 2.17%mol HC, were obtained. For sparger pipe and 6U mf _sp, 35.33 ppm NOx and 111 ppm SO 2 were measured in flue gas from combustion process at bed region.