French marine policy in the 1970s and 1980s
Abstract France, hitherto more “continental”; than “maritime,”; increasingly developed its ocean activities in the 1970s and 1980s. This article describes the different sectors of its marine activities and evolvement of a different outlook concerning the sea. Important events such as the 1976 Proclamation and subsequent implementation of the French 200‐nautical mile Exclusive Economic Zone, and 1981 formation of a new Socialist government in France after 23 years of uninterrupted “Gaullist”; rule, offered a unique opportunity to restructure marine policy. The new Ministry of the Sea was intended to integrate marine policy and cater to a developing ocean “constituency.”; It was eventually downgraded to a “Secretariat d'Etat,”; but its impact was undeniably important.
Palm-Fringed Benefits: Island Dependencies in the New Law of the Sea
The genius of the century is also changing the conditions of our action overseas, leading us to bring an end to colonization. It is entirely natural that one should feel nostalgia for what was the Empire, just as one may regret the gentle light of oil lamps, the splendour of the navy under sail. But there is no valid politics outside realities.
Natural resources for a democratic society: public participation in decision-making. [Book: collection of 12 essays]
Decision-making in resources development in the 1970s faces an increasingly critical challenge: how to accommodate a growing demand for a more direct public involvement in planning and policy-making. This volume presents a synthesis of the experience in North America and Europe to date and offers some suggestions as to the likely shape of public participation in resources development decision-making in the years ahead. Papers included are: The Culture of Participation in Environmental Decision Making, W.R. Derrick Sewell and Timothy O'Riordan; Citizen Participation--Practice in Search of a Theory, Norman Wengert; Who Participates--A Sociological Interpretation of Natural Resource Decisions, William R. Burch, Jr.; Policy Making and Environmental Management--Some Thoughts on Processes and Research Issues, Timothy O'Riordan; Legal Foundations for Public Participation in Environmental Decision Making, Alastair R. Lucas; Regressive Siting of Public Facilities, Julian Wolpert; Public Participation in Environmental Management--A Case Study, Paul Wilkinson; Conflict in Resource Management and the Use of Threat: The Goldstream Controversy, Colin J.B. Wood; The Role of the Public in Water Management Decisions in France, P.F. Teniere-Buchot; The Public Involvement Program in the Okanagan Basin Study, Jon O'Riordan; Some Observations on Alternative Mechanisms for Public Involvement--The Hearing, Public Opinion Poll, the Workshop and the Quasi-Experiment, Thomas A.more » Heberlein; and Analyzing Public Input to Resource Decisions--Criteria, Principles and Case Examples of the CODINVOLVE System, Roger N. Clark and George H. Stankey.« less