The role of water on the equilibrium of esterification by immobilized lipase packed-bed column reactor
SummaryThe role of water on the continous synthesis of geranyl esters by immobilized lipase fromHumicola lanuginosa No. 3 was studied in a packed-bed column reactor (PBR) installed with a molecular sieve column for water extraction. The conversion degress by PBR were highly influenced by the water concentration throughout the reaction which acted as a determinant on the reaction equilibrium. Almost 100% conversion of geranyl laurate could be achieved under the optimum water-controlled conditions. The stability of the PBR system was for 35 days with the half-life of 38 days.
Studies on the Production of Lipase by Microorganisms. Part III
(1) Nordらの方法を大幅に改良したリパーゼ定量法を述べた,ポリビニルアルコールを乳化剤としたオリーブ油のエマルジョンを基質として用い,一定時間後に生成した脂肪酸を滴定する.比較的リパーゼ活性の強い試料の測定に適し, Desnuelleらの方法に比べると測定可能なpH範囲が広く,実用的な多数の試料の測定に適当である.再現性,比例性とも十分である. (2) この定量条件において,オリーブ油の加水分解反応は2段階の零次反応を含む. (3) 塩化カルシウムの添加は初速度に影響を与えない. (4) タウロコール酸ソーダの添加は初速度に大きい影響を与える. (5) 基質オリーブ油へのオレイン酸の添加は初速度に大きい影響を与える.影響の与え方はリパーゼ源により異なる.
Evaluation of buckling load and dynamic performance of steel shear wall retrofitted with strips made of shape memory alloy
One of the most imperfections of the steel shear wall is out of plane displacements that cause severe damage in both structural and non-structural elements. In this paper, the effects of shape-memory alloys on steel shear walls are investigated. First, a numerical analysis using the finite element method in ABAQUS software has been carried out according to an experimental test. The results of the numerical analysis have been verified with experimental results. Next, shape-memory alloy fibers have been added vertically and horizontally to various parts of the steel shear wall. The results show that retrofitting with the shape-memory alloy reduces the out-of-plane displacement of the steel shear wall under both cyclic and seismic loadings. Besides, the buckling load in the steel shear wall increases when it is retrofitted with the shape-memory alloy. Also, the total out-of-plane movement (accumulated absolute displacements) of the steel shear wall and non-structural damage are controlled by the characteristic of a shape-memory alloy material called “super-elastic”.