Pulse–pressure loading effects on aviation and general engineering structures—review
Abstract This paper reviews various aspects of modeling an explosion on an aircraft, which can be extended to more general structures. A brief summary of material and structural models is given, followed by a detailed history of pulse–pressure loading models with an emphasis on free–free beams and how pulse characteristics affect a structure's response. Techniques to desensitize pulse shape effects are discussed, which culminate in the form of pressure–impulse isodamage curves. Studies using random loading models are also presented.
Development of Analytical Models for RC Columns under Blast loading Considering Strain Rate Effects
One of the most important examples of transverse excitation of beam-columns is structural reinforced concrete (RC) columns under blast loading. Under accidental or intentional explosions next to the buildings, external columns are the most critical and vulnerable structural elements. In this paper, tow analytical approaches are used to predict the first maximum dynamic response of rectangular RC column under simultaneously effect of axial force and transverse blast loading. The first analytical model is based on continuous formulation of Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and the second model is a single degree of freedom (SDOF) approach. Both of the approaches consider strain rate effects on nonlinear behavior of materials (concrete and steel reinforcement) and secondary effects of P-δ. Results of proposed models for predicting the first maximum lateral response of column under impulsive, dynamic and quasi-static loading regimes are compared to the results of nonlinear finite element analysis. The outcomes indicate undesirable discrepancies under high levels of axial force and quasi-static loading conditions. Nevertheless, in the impulsive and dynamic regimes  and moderate and low axial load ratio, the differences in the results are acceptable. Afterward, the analytical models are used to evaluate Pressure-Impulse (P-I) diagram for RC column under blast loading and effective factors on it.
‘There is no race so wretched that there is not something out there that cares for them’: Multiculturalism, understanding, empathy and prejudice in Discworld
Multiculturalism is at the heart of Mel Gibson’s chapter. Arguing that stories situated in Ankh-Morpork, Discworld’s major capital and the focal point of many Discworld stories, in particular deal with the opportunities, problems and, sometimes, sheer craziness associated with multi- and cross-cultural debates and realities, Gibson draws on European models of multiculturalism. She analyses how, alongside debating the nature of prejudice and oppression, the City Watch stories in particular explore ways in which a multicultural space may work.