APUNTES Y PROPUESTAS PARA LA COOPERACIÓN EN MATERIA DE INTELIGENCIA
Cooperation in the intelligence fi eld, has been a matter of undeniable complexity in all times, notwithstanding sources and methods commitment risks, existing suspicion between allies that may become enemies, and the unavoidable mistrust still existing between intelligence bodies within the country itself, has experienced signi fi cant growth in the last few decades as a result of the emergence of global threats such as terrorism and transnational organized crime among others, and the development of regional and sub regional integration processes, with the subsequent development of common interests. Latin America has witnessed essential changes in this fi eld. From past hemispheric-wide cooperation to fi ght against international communist movements, intelligence cooperation is now focused on public security issues in sub regions, supported basically by different mechanisms, but based on each sub region’s speci fi c needs. Today, UNASUR proposes the possibility and the challenge to develop institutionalized intelligence cooperation mechanisms, both in the fi elds of defense and of public security. This articler explores the history of intelligence cooperation in the region, along with the new opportunities/challenges
Reshaping National Intelligence for an Age of Information: The intelligence of policy
The world of intelligence has been completely transformed by the end of the Cold War and the onset of an age of information. Prior to the 1990s, US government intelligence had one principal target, the Soviet Union; a narrow set of 'customers', the political and military officials of the US government; and a limited set of information from the sources they owned, spy satellites and spies. Today, world intelligence has many targets, numerous consumers - not all of whom are American or in the government - and too much information, most of which is not owned by the U.S. government and is of widely varying reliability. In this bold and penetrating study, Gregory Treverton, former Vice Chair of the National Intelligence Council and Senate investigator, offers his insider's views on how intelligence gathering and analysis must change. He suggests why intelligence needs to be both contrarian, leaning against the conventional wisdom, and attentive to the longer term, leaning against the growing shorter time horizons of Washington policy makers. He urges that the solving of intelligence puzzles tap expertise outside government - in the academy, think tanks, and Wall Street - to make these parties colleagues and co-consumers of intelligence, befitting the changed role of government from doer to convener, mediator, and coalition-builder.
Rethinking Health: Healthy or Healthier than?
Theorists of health have, to this point, focused exclusively on trying to define a state—health—that an organism might be in. I argue that they have overlooked the possibility of a comparativist theory of health, which would begin by defining a relation—healthier than—that holds between two organisms or two possible states of the same organism. I show that a comparativist approach to health has a number of attractive features, and has important implications for philosophers of medicine, bioethicists, health economists, and policy makers. 1 Introduction 2 Comparative and Non-comparative Concepts 3 Traditional Theories of Health 4 An Argument for Comparativism: Intergenerational Assessments of Health 5 Another Reason to be a Comparativist: Functionalist Theories of Health 6 A Non-comparative Alternative? 7 An Objection to Comparativism? 8 Why this Matters: The Consequences of Comparativism 1 Introduction 2 Comparative and Non-comparative Concepts 3 Traditional Theories of Health 4 An Argument for Comparativism: Intergenerational Assessments of Health 5 Another Reason to be a Comparativist: Functionalist Theories of Health 6 A Non-comparative Alternative? 7 An Objection to Comparativism? 8 Why this Matters: The Consequences of Comparativism