Species identification and serotyping (capsular antigen) of Pasteurella strains from sheep flocks in south Germany and in Syria.
135 Pasteurella strains were cultivated from nasal swabs of sheep as well as pneumonic lungs of dead and slaughtered sheep. The specimen originated from 41 flocks in South Germany and from 15 flocks and 60 slaughter sheep in Syria (Hama region). Serovariety A2 prevailed amongst P. haemolytica strains (6) isolated in South Germany (53 strains) and in Syria (41 strains). In addition 10 further serovarieties were identified in South Germany (next frequent were A8, A1 and A6) and 7 in Syria. Untypable strains appeared to be more frequent in Syria. Other Pasteurellae (17) represented 1/4 of isolates in Syria and 1/3 of isolates in South Germany. Species identification resulted in P. multocida ssp. multocida (25), P. multocida ssp. septica (4 strains, Syria only), P. canis (3 strains, South Germany only) and Pasteurella-like strains (9 strains). Twelve P. multocida ssp. multocida strains carried capsular antigen D and 7 capsular antigen A. In most cases where multiple samples were examined from one flock, strains with different capsular antigens and/or belonging to different Pasteurella species were isolated (max. 8).
Serotypes of Pasteurella haemolytica isolated from sheep, goats and calves.
Zusammenfassung 
 
Verbreitung von Pasteurella-Serotypen bei Schaf, Ziege und Kalb 
 
 
 
Bei 201, von Schafen, Ziegen und Kalbern isolierten P. haemolytica-Stammen wurden die biochemischen und serologischen Eigenschaften bestimmt. Zur serologischen Prufung diente die indirekte Hamagglutination. 
 
 
 
Ungefahr 92,5% der Isolate (186 Stamme) gehorten dem Biotyp A und ungefahr 7,5% (15 Stamme) dem Biotyp T an. Mit Ausnahme von 8 Stammen, liesen sich alle Stamme einem der 15, bisher bekannten Serotypen zuordnen. Beim Kalb dominierte A 1 (65% der Stamme). Bei Schafen wurden fast alle Serotypen gefunden; am haufigsten kamen A1 (26%), A2 (12%), A7 (10%), A9 (9,5%) und A6 (9%) vor. Ungefahr 24% der A-Serotypen verursachten septikamische Erkrankungen bei Schafen. Abgesehen von 1 Stamm, gehorten alle Isolate von Ziegen dem Serotyp A2 an. 
 
 
 
Resume 
 
Serotypes de Pasteurella haemolytica isoles chez des moutons, des chevres et des veaux 
 
 
 
Les proprietes biochimiques et serologiques ont ete determinees chez 201 souches de Pasteurella haemolytica isolees chez des moutons, des chevres et des veaux. L'hemagglutination indirecte a ete utilisee pour l'examen serologique. 92,5% environ des isolements (186 souches) appartenaient au biotype A et environ 7,5% (15 souches) au biotype T. Toutes les souches a l'exception de huit d'entre elles ont pu etre classees dans un des 15 serotypes connus jusqu'a maintenant. A1 a domine chez le veau (65% des souches). Presque tous les serotypes ont ete trouves chez les moutons; les plus frequents furent A1 (26%), A2 (12%), A7 (10%), A9 (9,5%) et A6 (9%). Le 24% environ des serotypes A ont provoque des lesions septicemiques chez les moutons. A l'exception d'une souche, tous les isolements des chevres appartenaient au serotype A2. 
 
 
 
Resumen 
 
La incidencia de Pasteurella haemolytica aisladas de ovejas, cabras y terneras 
 
 
 
En 201 estirpes P. haemolytica, aisladas a partir de ovejas, cabras y terneros, se determinaron las propiedades bioquimicas y serologicas. Para el analisis serologico se recurrio a la hemaglutinacion indirecta. 
 
 
 
El 92,5% aprox. de los aislamientos (186 cepas) pertenecian al biotipo A y el 7,5% aprox. (15 cepas) al biotipo T. Con la excepcion de 8 estirpes, se pudieron encuadrar todas las cepas a alguno de los 15 serotipos que se conocen por ahora. En los terneros predominaba A1 (65% de las estirpes). En las ovejas se ubicaron casi todos los serotipos; con frecuencia maxima se hallaron A1 (26%), A2 (12%), A7 (10%), A9 (9,5%) y A6 (9%). Aproximadamente el 24% de los serotipos A ocasionaban enfermedades septicemicas en los ovinos. Prescindiendo de 1 cepa, todos los demas aislamientos de cabras correspondian al serotipo A2.
Cross talk between redox signalling and metabolic activity of osteoblasts and fibroblasts in the presence of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials influences bone regeneration
Regeneration of bone tissue defects that result from metabolic disorders, including periodontal diseases, can be supported by biomaterials based on hydroxyapatite. Despite of good biocompatibility of biomaterials they can cause oxidative stress and inflammatory processes as a result of mechanical interaction with surrounding tissues. Because osteoblasts are responsible for bone regeneration process in which gingival fibroblasts may also participate, the aim of the work was to investigate the influence of hydroxyapatite-based biomaterials (allogeneic and xenogeneic) and biomaterials combined with enamel matrix derivative (Emdogain) on osteoblast and fibroblast redox balance in the context of osteoblast proliferation and differentiation.
The results showed that examined substitutes were not cytotoxic in vitro, but affected redox balance of osteoblasts and fibroblasts (ROS level increase and GSH level decrease) which led to oxidative stress (MDA and protein carbonyl groups level increase) resulting in an increase of the Nrf2 and NFκB expression. The consequence of these changes was partial inhibition of proliferation and osteoblast differentiation. Emdogain alone and combined with biomaterials decreased ROS generation and increased GSH level in both osteoblasts and fibroblasts leading to reduction of transcription factors expression especially proinflammatory NFκB, which promoted osteoblast differentiation and mineralization process.