Beyond Glory: Civilians, Combatants, and Society During the Battle of Shanghai
Abstract The 1932 Sino-Japanese conflict in Shanghai was the first example of a modern war waged in a large city between two heavily equipped armies. It was also the first urban conflict during which massive destruction, especially aerial bombing, ensued with utmost disregard for the consequences to civilians. This paper looks at the damage and losses the two contending armies suffered. The group of Chinese armies involved in the conflict was not prepared either to handle the consequences of using highly lethal weapons or to provide the appropriate level of medical assistance to their soldiers involved. The result was a catastrophic level of casualties. The battle for Shanghai announced the frightening massive waves of destruction that World War II would unleash on European and Japanese cities.
Scars of War: The Impact of Warfare on Modern China
Throughout its modern history China has suffered from immense destruction and loss of life from warfare. In its worst periods of warfare, the eight years of the Anti-Japanese War (1937-45), millions of civilians lost their lives. For China, the story of modern war-related death and suffering has remained hidden. The Rape of Nanjing is beginning to be known, but hundreds of other massacres are still unrecognized by the outside world and even by China itself. The focus of this work is the social and psychological (not the economic) costs of war on the country. The book is illustrated with photographs by Capa and with Chinese woodblock prints. Each chapter is introduced by a traditional Chinese saying ("cheng-yu") on warfare.
First diamino Daphniphyllum alkaloid, daphnipaxinin, with an unprecedented heterohexacyclic skeleton from Daphniphyllum paxianum.
[structure: see text] The first diamino Daphniphyllum alkaloid, daphnipaxinin (1), with an unprecedented hexacyclic fused skeleton, along with a known alkaloid, daphnicyclidin A (2), was isolated from the stem of Daphniphyllum paxianum Rosenth. The structure and absolute stereochemistry of 1 were established by spectral methods, especially two-dimensional NMR techniques and CD analysis.