School Psychology Manpower Characteristics and Needs in Rural and Urban Tennessee: A Five Year Follow-Up.
A five-year followup survey was conducted with both rural and urban Tennessee school administrators to ascertain current school psychology manpower characteristics and needs and to determine how these parameters have changed over that period of time. Psychological services continue to be reported as available in almost all districts reporting, and increases are reported in the number of full-time personnel providing service, in the number of personnel holding State Department of Education certification as a school psychologist, and in the level of desired training of psychological personnel. A substantial number of administrators continue to indicate the quantity of psychological services is inadequate to meet their needs, but the number of actual position openings has declined over the five year period and are very few in number in relation to reported needs. The possible implications of the data to overall manpower concerns, and specifically to the Master Teacher-Better Schools programs, are discussed.
A Survey of School Psychology Manpower Characteristics and Needs in Rural and Urban Tennessee.
School administrators in both rural and urban districts were surveyed to determine their level of psychological services at the time of the study (1977-1978), as well as their immediate additional and future (1982-1983) manpower needs. Information regarding availability of positions and appropriate training was also gathered. Though services were reportedly available to nearly all districts, substantial immediate additional services were reported as needed. Such need, however, was highly discrepant with reported job availability. Characteristic differences between rural and urban districts are presented along with concern for an oversupply of school psychologists in the near future.
Two weddings and a lawsuit: Marriage litigation in fourteenth-century Portugal
Based on one of the few surviving records of marriage cases brought before
 ecclesiastical courts in fourteenth-century Portugal, this article offers a rare
 glimpse of marriage practice in a small village in a remote corner of Western Europe
 and the complex ties that bound its inhabitants and which secular and ecclesiastical
 authorities sought to regulate. Clear parallels can be drawn with the patterns of
 marriage litigation observed in England and Northern France, but evidence also
 suggests that royal legislation played an important part in the resolution of marital
 disputes and in the shaping of conjugal behaviour.