A market concept for media problems: A few theses
The author explores the concept of markets and marketplaces and how they apply to media and research on media activities. He argues that media markets cannot be considered to be self‐defining, self‐regulatory systems because of their interdependent relations with other subsystems in society, and that traditional regulatory policies are inadequate for dealing with contemporary media because of changing temporal and social factors.
Development and psychometric analysis of the Japanese version of the Nottingham Health Profile: cross-cultural adaptation.
OBJECTIVE
To adapt the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) for Japanese and to describe the results of the assessment of its psychometric properties.


METHODS
Assessments included test-retest reliability over approximately a 2-week interval, internal consistency and construct validity in 133 patients with COPD.


RESULTS
The distribution of scores indicated that most of the NHP sections exhibited a floor effect, although this is greatly reduced with the NHP-Distress scale. The test-retest reliability was above 0.8 for all sections when patients reporting any change in their health status rating were excluded. Cronbach's alpha coefficients reflected the number of items contained in each section. The internal consistency of the emotional reactions section at one timepoint and the physical mobility section at both timepoints were lower than expected to be higher. All sections except the pain section could be used to distinguish patients who reported their health status to be good or fair from those who rated it to be poor or very poor.


CONCLUSION
The adaptation of the NHP for Japanese was successful. Most sections showed reasonable test-retest reliability, indicating that they produced acceptable levels of random measurement error. The internal consistency of the sections was confirmed, although the alpha values of the emotional reactions and physical mobility sections were lower than might be expected for scales of their length. Different sections of the Japanese NHP were shown to have known group validity.
Development of Science and Technology in the Iranian Electric Power Industry: Challenges and Future Progress
This chapter examines four key segments of the electric power industry in Iran: generation, transportation, distribution and consumption. It reviews the method, development, and evolution of electric power generation in the country. Specifically, the chapter reviews the structure of the electric industry, the main players, institutions, standards as well as laws, human resources, technology, the export and import markets, and engineering management of the industry in the country. Finally, the challenges facing the industry will be identified and policy suggestions to remedy the problems will be provided.