Effect of construction method on shear lag in prestressed concrete box girders
Most of the previous researches conducted on shear lag of box girders were only concerned about simple types of structures, such as simply supported and cantilever beams. The structural systems concerned in these previous researches were considered as determined and unchangeable. In this paper, a finite element method considering shear lag and creep of concrete was presented to analyze the effect of dynamic construction process on shear lag in different types of concrete box-girder bridges. The shear lag effect of the three types of a two-span continuous concrete beam classified by construction methods was analyzed in detail according to construction process. Also, a three-span prestressed concrete box-girder bridge was analyzed according to the actual construction process. The shear lag coefficients and stresses on cross sections along the beam including shear lag were obtained. The different construction methods, the changes of structural system with the construction process, the changes of loading and boundary conditions with the construction process and time, the prestressing, and creep were all imitated in the calculations. From comparisons between the results for beams using different construction methods, useful conclusions were made.
NEGATIVE SHEAR LAG IN CANTILEVER BOX GIRDER WITH CONSTANT DEPTH
Shear lag and negative shear lag effect in cantilever box girders are analyzed through a variation approach and finite element techniques. The complex distribution of bending stresses under symmetrical loading on the flanges of cellular sections are also presented. In this paper, the supposition of the spanwise displacement on flanges follows a quartic parabolic variation. However, expressions are derived to determine the region of negative shear lag effect with the interrelation of span/width parameters involved. The theoretical results thus obtained are compared with a plexiglass model test. Finally, conclusions are drawn with regard to further study and research.
The distribution of 54-Mn in the enamel and dentine of the rat incisor.
Abstract The distribution of 54 Mn was studied in the lower incisors of rats. Autoradiograms show 54 Mn to be present in the enamel and dentine 5, 10 and 15 days after its administration. In the dentine, the radioisotope is first localized in a zone near to and encircling the pulp and later becomes more diffuse. Pre-existing as well as the newly formed enamel incorporates the isotope. In both enamel and dentine 54 Mn appears to be principally associated with the inorganic portion.