Development of a Compact Measurement System of Transport Characteristics in HTS Conductors by Using an HTS Current
In order to realize HTS power machines and devices with high performance, it is important to evaluate the characteristics of HTS conductors quantitatively. We developed a compact system to measure the transport characteristics of HTS conductors under various experimental conditions. This system enables us to measure the transport characteristics of straight HTS conductors up to a current capacity of 1 kA class at 77 K, 66 K, and 4.2 K. The measurement of transport current losses is done by the Poynting vector method. The distribution of Poynting vectors around the sample conductor can be obtained by using many sets of both potential leads and pickup coils. An HTS current transformer (HTS-CT) is used to feed current to the sample conductor for the measurement. A secondary current of about 1 kA at 77 K can be induced when the primary current is 40 A. The sample conductor is connected to the secondary coil of this transformer. As a sample conductor, we used a conductor consisting of 16 parallel Ag-sheathed Bi-2223 multifilamentary tapes. The joint method between the HTS-CT and sample conductors is also examined. Based on these results, the usefulness of this measurement system is discussed.
Measurement of ac losses in superconductors due to ac transport currents in applied ac magnetic fields
A new technique for the measurement of ac losses in superconductors due to applied magnetic fields and transport currents is reported. This technique is derived from consideration of the source of the energy losses, rather than by the imposition of any model for magnetic field distribution within the superconductor and allows us to present new data on the losses in BSCCO-2223 multi-filamentary conductor due to ac fields and dc currents, or due to ac fields and ac currents. Based on these measurements we provide guidelines for estimating the losses in BSCCO-2223 conductors.
The Area of Freedom, Security and Justice ten years on: Successes and future challenges under the Stockholm Programme. CEPS Paperbacks. June 2010
This book celebrates the tenth anniversary of the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice (AFSJ) by bringing together the views of key practitioners and policy-makers who have played an outstanding role in thinking about and shaping EU policies on freedom, security and justice. 
 
Ten years ago, the member states transferred competences to the EU for law and policy-making in the fields of immigration, asylum and border controls, and began the transfer process for criminal justice and policing. This decade of European cooperation on AFSJ policies has experienced very dynamic convergence, the enactment of a large body of European law and the setting-up of numerous EU agencies working in these domains. Such dynamism in policy-making has not been without challenges and vulnerabilities, however. As this collective volume shows, the main dilemmas that lie ahead relate to an effective (while more plural) institutional framework under the Treaty of Lisbon, stronger judicial scrutiny through a greater role for national courts and the Court of Justice in Luxembourg, better mechanisms for evaluating and monitoring the implementation of EU AFSJ law and a more solid fundamental rights strategy. The contributions in this volume address the progress achieved so far in these policy areas, identify the challenges for future European cooperation in the AFSJ and put forward possible paths for making more progress in the next generation of the EU’s AFSJ.