Managing Uncertainty: Immigration Policies in Spain during Economic Recession (2008-2011)
Resumen en: The global economic crisis has changed the landscape of immigration dynam­ ics and migration policies management in Spain, introducing a new immigration ...
El futuro demográfico y la oferta de trabajo en España.
The demographic situation in Spain is characterised by a very low birth rate: the lowest in Europe, a high life expectancy, the highest in the world and an immigration of foreign workers that was initiated in the 80s and that is increasing lately. The growing old of the population will increase in the future. Neither immigration nor the increase of birth rates will reverse this tendency. Therefore the ratio of dependence will be unavoidable. The creation of employment will be limited in the medium and the long term by a scarcity of employment, due to a foreseeable decrease of the population at a working age. In order to overcome this deficiency Spain cannot count on foreign immigration since this is not guaranteed in the future. Countries of origin are going through their own demographic transition, their population will also grow old in the long term while they attempt to improve their economic situation.
EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS IN OECD COUNTRIES: REASSESSING THE ROLE OF POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONS by ANDREA BASSANINI and ROMAIN DUVAL
1. The OECD Jobs Strategy stressed the need for fundamental labour market reforms to deal with high and persistent unemployment that affected many member countries (OECD, 1994a, 1997). The case for policy reforms made in the OECD Jobs Study was based on a careful scrutiny of the evidence (both qualitative and quantitative) available at the time. Since then, empirical research on the topic has improved on two fronts. First, microeconometric techniques have evolved and new evidence has become available, as reflected in OECD (2006). Second, the OECD Secretariat has constructed several indicators of policies and institutions that are comparable both across countries and over time. These indicators have been used in a wide range of macroeconometric studies to explore the labour market effects of policies and institutions. While the main policy conclusions from these studies have generally been consistent with the main thrust of the OECD Jobs Strategy, previous OECD recommendations have also been challenged in some cases (see Section 1 and Annex 1 for references). The purpose of this paper is to reassess and expand the recent macroeconometric evidence, taking into account recent advances in both theoretical and empirical analysis, in order to provide further support for the evaluation and reformulation of policy recommendations made in OECD (2006) and subsequent policy papers.