High-Power High-Efficiency L-band Multiple-Beam Klystron Development at CPI
Communications and Power Industries, Inc., has designed and manufactured two versions of a 10-MW-peak high-efficiency multiple-beam klystron (MBK) operating at 1300 MHz. This type of klystron is favored for large particle accelerator projects such as the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser at the Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron (DESY). Two klystrons have been made for DESY. The first-generation MBK was a vertically oriented prototype using a six-cavity design with higher order mode input and output cavities and conventional intermediate cavities. For cost and performance reasons, the second-generation MBK, designated VKL-8301B, utilized seven coaxial fundamental-mode cavities and is an “industrialized” horizontally oriented klystron. The klystron was designed and optimized using state-of-the-art multidimensional design codes to ensure that all performance requirements are exceeded. Agreement between the simulated and measured performances is good. The VKL-8301B prototype achieved a peak saturated RF output power of 10.4 MW and 67.8% efficiency. The data were measured at the full 1.5% duty and with 1.5-ms pulse width. The klystron satisfied all required operating conditions, including stable operation into an output mismatch of 1.2:1 voltage standing wave ratio at various phases. The prototype has been shipped to DESY and has been successfully tested by a customer.
HIGH-POWER TEST RESULTS OF A 10 MW , HIGH EFFICIENCY
CPI has designed and produced an industrial prototype of a horizontally oriented, ≥10 MW, ≥65% efficiency multiple beam klystron (MBK) operating at 1300 MHz. The klystron, designated the VKL-8301B, was ordered by Deutsches Electronen Synchrotron (DESY) for the European X-ray Free Electron LASER (XFEL). The klystron was designed using state-of-the-art multidimensional design codes to ensure that all performance requirements are exceeded. Final hot test data, taken after retuning the cavity frequencies and trimming the solenoid currents for reduced beam interception, showed a peak saturated rf output power of 10.4 MW and 67.8% efficiency. The data were measured at the full 1.5% duty with 1.5 ms pulse width. The VKL-8301B prototype satisfied all required operating conditions, including operation into an output mismatch of 1.2:1 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) at various phases. Factory testing is completed and the prototype is expected to ship to the customer by the end of April 2009.
Creativity profile of university and conservatory dance students.
What are dance students' creative potential, Special personality characteristics and preferences for high energy activities? Using standardized and original paper and pencil instruments, comparisons were made among dance students in university and conservatory settings, college students and art students. The results demonstrated that dance students are creative, show strong preference for dynamic figures, and have distinct personality characteristics. The university dance students differed from the conservatory students in several important ways.