Reforming public management in Ukraine
Ascertains the viability of adapting the American university‐based public service concept to countries of the former Soviet Union. Toward this end, a heuristic model is presented. The model for university‐based public service and outreach shows initial viability in the Ukrainian examples. While the range of administrative and societal problems facing the Ukraine and other countries of the former Soviet Union is formidable, it appears that university‐based public service activities can play a part in reform activities aimed at their amelioration.
American vs. European Public Administration: Does Public Administration Make the Modern State, or Does the State Make Public Administration?
It is often argued that America has produced little original political theory. The Federalist Papers are frequently cited as America's best contribution, but after that the list becomes skimpy or uncertain. As some suggest, the United States, like Rome, practices politics well but does not necessarily offer brilliant additions to Western thought on this topic. We remain doers, not theorizers. Perhaps that observation is generally true, but surely Dwight Waldo's The Administrative State belongs on any short list of America's world-class contributions. Dwight Waldo is too modest to make that claim for himself, so I will make it on his behalf. Am I overstating the case? I think not. No other work -- after nearly half a century -- still reveals so clearly the intellectual foundations and value framework of Public Administration.(1) None has wrestled so profoundly with the meaning or purpose of the administrative state, the most powerful institution that governs America today. Not many American scholars until recently have attempted to study the state, or even dare mention state in a book title (that is, until the so-called "return-to-state" theorists in the mid-1980s made it a respectable line of inquiry). As Gianfranco Poggi observed (1978), after World War II American political scientists, for mysterious reasons, went "to incredible lengths to forget the state" altogether in their political analyses. Dwight's courage and remarkable achievement -- writing a book about the state in this period -- stand alone when he is compared with his contemporaries. Moreover, it was not just any state he identified. For the first time Waldo outlined the centrality of the administrative state for American governance. His viewpoint then, and to some extent even today, was radical and continues to swim against the mainstream of political science in the United States. For many years, Dwight Waldo's was the proverbial voice in the wilderness crying for us to pay attention to the obvious: the administrative state. As a result, his work still challenges us to develop our research agenda, our thinking, and our capacities to deal with this central, yet neglected, phenomenon. I would argue that Waldo bequeathed to us not only an invaluable body of scholarship exploring many facets of the administrative state, but also a body of scholars whom he nurtured to continue his work. Many of us at this symposium could be classified as "Waldovians," drawn into this academic career by Waldo's subtle encouragement to pursue this or that line of administrative research. This time, though, it is Waldo's treatise I will discuss, especially about how it helps define Public Administration. Waldo's book described the character and substance of the American administrative state. It synthesized all the Public Administration literature up to that time, 1948 (and as some wag said half mockingly, that job probably does not need to be done for another half century). Waldo read everything, digested it, organized it, and with well-turned phrases, conceptualized in a new way the meaning of the administrative state. So what did he tell us? What The Administrative State Tells Us About Public Administration First, the American state that Waldo described is a recent innovation. It is largely a product of the last century -- a brief time frame in contrast to European state development, which evolved over the past half-millennium or more. Especially important, his book described American state formation as occurring roughly a century or more after the ratification of the U.S. Constitution. As its opening chapters relate, the genesis of the American state can be found in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Here was a very different era than the eighteenth century, the historic birthplace of American constitutionalism. Our Enlightenment-inspired founding fathers sought to establish "the first new nation" by constraints on state powers, via checks and balances, federalism, periodic elections, protection of individual rights, indeed everything to prevent the formation of a European-style state. …
Nietzsche's Moral Philosophy
Expounds and criticizes the moral consequences of Nietzsche's basic concept of the will to power. This study argues that Nietzsche's doctrines on moral subjects reveal a man profoundly torn between different and conflicting impulses.