SCREENING AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF BACILLUS SP PR01 FOR THE PRODUCTION OF PROTEASE ENZYME
The current study was attempted to isolate and characterize the protease producing Bacillus sp. Among the 3 strains isolated from soil sample collected f rom kuppam region, Chennai, India. One strain (PR01) exhibited potent proteolytic activity. Based on the morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization, the isolate (PR01) was identified as Bacillus sp. The strain was designated as Bacillus sp P R01. The maximum growth of Bacillus sp PR01was observed at pH 7. The optimum temperature for the growth of Bacillus sp PR01 was found to be 27 ° C an d incubation time for 2 days. The maximum growth was noted when yeast extract was used as a nitrogen source a nd dextrose was used as the carbon source. The production of enzyme Bacillus sp PR01 was carried out in production medium. The t otal protein concentration was determined and the specific activity was also performed by casein hydrolysis assay.
Classical Identification, 16S rDNA Sequencing, and Molecular Characterization of Bacillus species from Convenience Foods
Identification of microorganisms is central to the study of microbiology at all levels of research. The methods employed are also important. It is however very pertinent on the method of microbial identification for greater efficiency. A study was conducted to isolate and identify Bacillus species from some ready-to-eat (RTE)/convenience food samples. The Bacillus species isolated were identified by using the classical method. The same isolates were further identified via use of the 16SrDNA sequencing method.The classical method identified all bacilli isolates as members of a precise species in the genus Bacillus but with discrepancies observed in 3 out of 9 identified cases (33.3%) when comparison was made with PCR/sequencing method. PCR/sequencing method provided results which were in accordance with both classical and genotypic identification in more than 70% of cases.This study emphasized the presumptive nature of classical methods in identifying Bacillus species/strains, without further recourse to the use of more sensitive and molecular methods. Identities from the PCR method hold greatest sway and are as most reliable as it involves the analysis of genetic sequences of this
Genotypic diversity in field isolates of Babesia bovis from cattle with babesiosis after vaccination.
OBJECTIVE
To determine whether particular genotypes of Babesia bovis were common to field isolates obtained from cattle properties in Queensland where the B bovis vaccine had apparently failed.


DESIGN
A comparative study of polymerase chain reaction genotypes in different populations of B bovis.


PROCEDURE
Two polymerase chain reaction assays were applied to analyse DNA extracts of B bovis vaccine (K, T and Dixie strains) and 27 field isolates from 24 properties where disease outbreaks had occurred despite the use of the vaccine. To evaluate the stability of the genotypes identified, 11 of the field isolates were inoculated into experimental cattle that had either been previously vaccinated with T strain or not vaccinated.


RESULTS
No particular genotype of B bovis was responsible for the problems observed in previously vaccinated herds. None of the isolates had genotypes identical to the vaccine strains used. No geographic trends among the genotypes were observed. Isolates that originated from the same property also had different genotypes. Blood passage of the 11 field isolates in either previously vaccinated or nonvaccinated cattle did not alter the original genotype.


CONCLUSION
No particular genotypes identified by the Bv80 and BvVA1 polymerase chain reaction assays could be associated with vaccine failures.