Is spurious behaviour an issue for two independent stationary spatial autoregressive SAR(1) processes?
Spurious regression occurs when two independent stationary or nonstationary time series are found to be correlated. Spurious behaviour is also detected in spatial data. Using a Monte Carlo analysis, this study examines the spurious phenomenon for two independent stationary spatial autoregressive processes of order one, that is, SAR(1), and it finds that when spatial econometric models are estimated, as suggested by the LM specification tests, the spurious behaviour is not detected nor the presence of spatially autocorrelated errors.
Spurious regressions with stationary series
A spurious regression occurs when a pair of independent series, but with strong temporal properties, are found apparently to be related according to standard inference in an OLS regression. Although this is well known to occur with pairs of independent unit root processes, this paper finds evidence that similar results are found with positively autocorrelated autoregressive series or long moving averages. This occurs regardless of the sample size and for various distributions of the error terms.
Professor Penck's Bluff: Geography, Espionage and Hysteria in World War I
Abstract This article considers the image of geography during World War I through a discussion of newspaper controversies about the pre‐war activities of German and British geographers. Early in the war, Sven Hedin and Albrecht Penck, renowned geographers whose achievements had been widely celebrated by the British geographical establishment, were named in the media as enemy spies whose supposedly disinterested scientific inquiries in Britain and the Empire had masked their real intention to pass sensitive information to the German High Command. British geography stood accused of collusion with enemy ‘super spies’. This article examines how Britain's geographical community, represented by the Royal Geographical Society, sought to defend the discipline's patriotic virtue and head off a full‐scale media witch‐hunt. In so doing, the article comments on the media's role in shaping the image of geography and on geography's place in public debates about the sanctity of the national space.