A high sensitivity chemiluminescence-based CMOS image biosensor for the detection of human interleukin 5 (IL-5)
In this study, a CMOS image sensor that converts light intensity to digital image data was used to detect human interleukin 5 (IL-5). Although the application of CMOS image sensors to biosensors is well known, a more sensitive method is needed to detect molecules with very low concentrations such as cytokines. For this reason, we have used a chemiluminescence reaction to increase the sensitivity of sandwich immunoassay in CMOS image sensor. Another approach used to obtain a high sensitivity response was the pixel counting analysis. By using pixel counting analysis, much more detailed luminescence signals can be obtained. The detection sensitivity of IL-5 we obtained in our experimental measurements was evaluated up to 0.1 pg/mL.
Longitudinal Zeolite-Iron Oxide Nanocomposite Deposited Capacitance Biosensor for Interleukin-3 in Sepsis Detection
Sepsis is an extreme condition involving a physical response to severe microbial infection and causes fatal and life-threatening issues. Sepsis generates during the chemicals release with the immune system into the bloodstream for fighting against an infection, which causes the inflammation and leads to the medical emergency. A complexed longitudinal zeolite and iron oxide nanocomposite was extracted from coal mine fly ash and utilized to improve the surface characteristics of the capacitance biosensor to identify sepsis attacks. Anti-interleukin-3 (anti-IL-3) antibody was attached to the zeolite- and iron oxide-complexed capacitance electrode surface through an amine linker to interact with the sepsis biomarker IL-3. The morphological and chemical components of the nanocomplex were investigated by FESEM, FETEM, and EDX analyses. At approximately 30 nm, the longitudinal zeolite and iron oxide nanocomposite aided in attaining the limit of IL-3 detection of 3 pg/mL on the linear curve, with a regression coefficient ( R 2 ) of 0.9673 [ y  = 1.638 x  − 1.1847]. A lower detection limit was achieved in the dose-dependent range (3–100 pg/mL) due to the higher amount of antibody immobilization on the sensing surface due to the nanomaterials and the improved surface current. Furthermore, control experiments with relevant biomolecules did not show capacitance changes, and spiked IL-3 in human serum increased capacitance, indicating the specific and selective detection of IL-3. This study identifies and quantifies IL-3 via potentially useful methods and helps in diagnosing sepsis attack.
Tradeoffs and limitations in statistically based image reconstruction problems.
TRADEOFFS AND LIMITATIONS IN STATISTICALLY BASED IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION PROBLEMS