A hybrid flyback LED driver with utility grid and renewable energy interface
In renewable energy sources, the objective is maximum extraction and utilization of the available power. In this paper a hybrid flyback converter with multi ports-an AC Grid, a PV and a DC LED ports — is proposed to be used as an LED driver. The converter has the capability to achieve two objectives: first to maintain a continuous supply to the LED lighting system either from the Photovoltaic (PV) panel or the grid, and second to achieve maximum utilization of the solar PV panel by tracking the maximum power point and exporting surplus power to the grid, or getting the power deficit from the grid. The topology of the converter, operating principle, modes of operation and control structure are presented in this work. The concept of the hybrid flyback converter is verified using Matlab Simulink®. An experimental prototype is developed and tested for a 120-watt system, with 35 VDC solar panels, 120 Vrms 60 Hz grid and 24 VDC LED lights.
A dual AC and DC output flyback converter
This paper presents a new flyback converter topology with dual DC and AC outputs. In traditional flyback converters, usually there are multiple secondary windings that can be utilized to construct few additional output ports. This new topology takes advantage of one of additional secondary windings to generate continuous AC voltage, accompanying with the conventional DC output voltage. In this new topology, the DC output follows the traditional configuration while the AC output is achieved by adding an L-C filter to an additional secondary winding. This new dual-output flyback converter integrates a standalone DC/DC converter with DC/AC inverter which helps save space and switching devices. The main purpose of the proposed dual-output flyback converter is to cope with more general applications especially when both DC and AC power are necessary, such as in rural solar-powered standalone systems.
LABORATORY AND FIELD TESTING OF SEED SPACING UNIFORMITY FOR SUGARBEET PLANTERS
Five planter configurations were evaluated for seed spacing uniformity at three field speeds using a seed 
location method in the field and a laboratory method involving an opto-electronic sensor system. Planter seed spacing 
uniformity was described using the Coefficient of Precision (CP3) measure. Results showed that CP3 measures 
determined using the laboratory test method were significantly different from those determined using the field test method. 
This indicated the laboratory test method cannot be used to predict planter seed spacing uniformity in the field. Seed 
spacing uniformity determined in laboratory tests was higher than, or equal to, seed spacing uniformity determined in 
field tests. This indicated the laboratory test method may be useful to screen out planters or planter units with poor 
uniformity of seed metering. Field testing of the planters that perform well in laboratory tests must be conducted to 
adequately determine the seed spacing uniformity of those planters in the field. Results from laboratory and field tests 
could be useful in determining areas for improvement of planters or planter units.