Assuring the Quality of Impulse Voltage Calibration Results Issued by a Calibration Laboratory
This paper describes high-voltage impulse measurements made under the controlled conditions of a calibration or national measurement laboratory to establish the best agreement that could be achieved in comparison measurements on small reference dividers. This comparison to establish mutual international traceability between NRC and National Grid has shown that the peak voltage of a smooth lightning impulse was measured by both laboratories to within 0.2% with an estimated uncertainty of ±0.2% at a level of confidence not less than 95%. The authors make recommendations on how calibrations of reference measuring systems should be performed.
Comparative impulse voltage measurements at the National Measurement Laboratory (NML), CSIRO, Australia, and the Institute for National Measurement Standards (INMS), NRC, Canada
This paper describes high voltage impulse measurements made under controlled conditions in two national measurement institutes to establish the best agreement that could be achieved in comparison measurements on small reference resistor dividers. These measurements at NML and INMS show that the peak voltage of a smooth impulse (measured as the peak reading of the record times the scale factor) can be measured in each laboratory with relative agreement within 4 mV/V. The uncertainty of this relative agreement, calculated from the standard deviation of the differences in each set of measurements, is 2 mV/V at a level of confidence of 95%. The relative agreement of front times was within 15 ms/s, with an uncertainty of 4 ms/s. The relative agreement of times to half-value was within 4 ms/s with an uncertainty of 2 ms/s.
Corpus Linguistics in Legal Discourse
There are many different ways in which modern Corpus Linguistics can be used to enrich and broaden our understanding of legal discourse. Based on the central principle of co-occurrence and co-selection in language construction, this paper reviews current applications of Corpus Linguistics in the area of legal discourse focusing on issues ranging from phraseology, variation in legal discourse, legal translation, register and genre perspectives on legal discourse, legal discourse in forensic contexts to evaluative language in judicial settings. It revisits the notion of ‘corpus’ and it highlights the relevance of various types of legal corpora and computer tools in legal linguistic research.