Emile Souvestre: Breton, Christian, and Republican in nineteenth century France
Title of Document: EMILE SOUVESTRE: BRETON, CHRISTIAN, AND REPUBLICAN IN NINETEENTH CENTURY FRANCE Cara Anne Gadel, Master of Arts, 2007 Directed By: Professor Donald M. G. Sutherland, Department of History While scholars of French history tend to divide nineteenth century French intellectuals into two camps anti-clerical leftwing Republican Revolutionaries versus rightwing Catholic traditionalists, Emile Souvestre represented a middle ground, and perhaps better represented the average French person as well. Souvestre, a prolific nineteenth century Breton writer, was a devout Christian and a Republican. This thesis explores the forces of regionalism, religion, and politics on Souvestre and his writings. EMILE SOUVESTRE: BRETON, CHRISTIAN, AND REPUBLICAN IN NINETEENTH CENTURY FRANCE.
Redefining Revolutionary Liberty: The Rhetoric of Religious Revival during the French Revolution
In December 1794, in the midst of the French Revolution, the town officers of St. Bris in Burgundy tried to enforce a departmental decree closing the village church. The Catholic villagers responded by gathering en masse before the church doors and demanding the right to assemble peacefully to pray to the "Supreme Being." When the mayor locked the church, he returned the next day to find the doors removed. A second attempt also failed; the villagers pried off the locks, entered, and began to sing psalms and offices despite the absence of a priest. Next they assembled on the front steps and drafted a petition demanding to benefit from "the decree in which the Convention assured them religious liberty." Finally the mayor threw up his hands in despair and conceded that perhaps his persistent Catholic villagers should be allowed to worship publicly. "It is impossible to close the temples," commented the mayor. "The people have decided."' The activism of the religious protesters of St. Bris was hardly unusual, for in the winter and spring of 1794-95 French Catholics launched an energetic and widespread revival of their religion. After the fall of Robespierre when the thermidorean government partially relaxed the laws restricting religious worship, parishioners throughout France seized the keys to parish churches, sang hymns and offices, and petitioned for the right to practice their religion in public. The revival movement involved a cultural clash between the newly created system of revo-
A social analysis of the members of the Newfoundland House of Assembly, Executive Council, and Legislative Council for the period, 1855-1914
Chapter I consists of an introduction to the thesis, its purpose, and intent. Chapter II is an aggregate analysis of the members of the three chambers of government during the period 1855-1914. Chapter III is an analysis of geographic factors contributing to recruitment into Newfoundland politics. Chapter IV analyzes religion and its importance in Island politics. Chapter V studies occupation and class and Chapter VI is concerned with kinship and marriage. Chapter VII summarizes the findings of the previous chapters.