Section 19 of the Human Rights Act 1998 : importance, impact and reform
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Parliaments and human rights : redressing the democratic deficit
1. Introduction Murray Hunt, Hayley Hooper and Paul Yowell PART I: LEGISLATIVE REVIEW FOR HUMAN RIGHTS COMPATIBILITY 2. Finding and Filling the Democratic Deficit in Human Rights David Kinley 3. Legislative Rights Review: Addressing the Gap Between Ideals and Constraints Janet Hiebert 4. The role of Parliaments following judgments of the European Court of Human Rights Phil Leach and Alice Donald PART II: LEGISLATIVE HUMAN RIGHTS REVIEW IN THE UK PARLIAMENT 5. The Joint Committee on Human Rights David Feldman 6. The Joint Committee on Human Rights: A Hybrid Breed of Constitutional Watchdog Aileen Kavanagh 7. How has the Joint Committee on Human Rights affected legislative deliberation? Paul Yowell 8. Parliament's Role following Declarations of Incompatibility under the Human Rights Act Jeff King PART III: LEGISLATIVE HUMAN RIGHTS REVIEW IN OTHER PARLIAMENTS 9. Australia's Exclusive Parliamentary Model of Rights Protection George Williams and Lisa Burton 10. Legislative Review for Human Rights Compatibility: A View from Sweden Thomas Bull and Iain Cameron 11. Guaranteeing international human rights standards in The Netherlands: the Parliamentary dimension Martin Kuijer 12. Human rights in the European Parliament Geoffrey Harris 13. The protection of human rights in the legislative process in Scotland Bruce Adamson 14. Human rights in the Northern Ireland Assembly David Russell 15. Human rights in the Welsh Assembly Ann Sherlock PART IV: INTERNATIONAL INITIATIVES TO INCREASE THE ROLE OF PARLIAMENTS IN RELATION TO HUMAN RIGHTS 16. The work of the Inter-Parliamentary Union Ingeborg Schwarz 17. The work of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe Andrew Drzemczewski and Julia Lowis 18. The work of the Westminster Foundation for Democracy George Kunnath and Angela Patrick PART V: THE IMPLICATIONS OF LEGISLATIVE RIGHTS REVIEW FOR COURTS 19. The Use of Parliamentary Materials by Courts in Proportionality Judgments Hayley Hooper 20. Democratic Deliberation and Judicial Review Liora Lazarus 21. The Varied Roles of Courts and Legislatures in Rights Protection Kent Roach PART VI: A DEMOCRATIC CULTURE OF JUSTIFICATION 22. What is a Democratic Culture of Justification? David Dyzenhaus 23. From Dialogue to Deliberation: Human Rights Adjudication and Prisoners' Right to Vote Sandy Fredman 24. Conclusion: Can Human Rights be Democratised? Murray Hunt
In Vivo Comparison of Synthetic Macroporous Filamentous and Sponge-like Skin Substitute Matrices Reveals Morphometric Features of the Foreign Body Reaction According to 3D Biomaterial Designs
Synthetic macroporous biomaterials are widely used in the field of skin tissue engineering to mimic membrane functions of the native dermis. Biomaterial designs can be subclassified with respect to their shape in fibrous designs, namely fibers, meshes or fleeces, respectively, and porous designs, such as sponges and foams. However, synthetic matrices often have limitations regarding unfavorable foreign body responses (FBRs). Severe FBRs can result in unfavorable disintegration and rejection of an implant, whereas mild FBRs can lead to an acceptable integration of a biomaterial. In this context, comparative in vivo studies of different three-dimensional (3D) matrix designs are rare. Especially, the differences regarding FBRs between synthetically derived filamentous fleeces and sponge-like constructs are unknown. In the present study, the FBRs on two 3D matrix designs were explored after 25 days of subcutaneous implantation in a porcine model. Cellular reactions were quantified histopathologically to investigate in which way the FBR is influenced by the biomaterial architecture. Our results show that FBR metrics (polymorph-nucleated cells and fibrotic reactions) were significantly affected according to the matrix designs. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the 3D matrix tissue interactions and can be useful for future developments of synthetically derived skin substitute biomaterials.