Harvesting electrical energy from rain by SPMS - Special pipe and micro-generator system
This paper presents a methodology to find optimal height for pipe of special pipe and micro generator system - SPMS for harvesting electrical energy from potential energy of precipitations in form of rain. Theoretical calculations in order to obtain theoretical amount of energy for two-storey house in western slope of Vidzeme upland of Latvia are presented as well as calculations to obtain real amount of obtainable energy based on experimental data are presented. Virtual model of SPMS developed according experimental data in simulation program Lab VIEW 7.1 is described.
LabView advanced programming techniques
Introduction to LabVIEW Virtual Instruments LabVIEW Projects Help Data Flow Programming Menus and Palettes Front Panel Controls User Control Sets Block Diagram Functions Setting Options LabVIEW Features Global and Local Variables Shared Variables Customizing Controls Property Nodes Reentrant VIs Libraries (.llb) Web Server Web Publishing Tool Instrument Driver Tools Profile Functions Auto SubVI Creation Graphical Comparison Tools Report Generation Palette Application Builder Sound VIs Application Control Advanced Functions Source Code Control Graphs Data Logging Find and Replace Print Documentation VI History Key Navigation Express VIs Navigation Window Splitter Bar Bibliography State Machines Introduction Enumerated Types and Type Definitions Sequence-Style State Machine Test Executive-Style State Machine Classical-Style State Machine Queued-Style State Machine Drawbacks to Using State Machines Recommendations and Suggestions Problems/Examples Bibliography Application Structure Planning Purpose of Structure Software Models Project Administration Documentation The Three-Tiered Structure Main Level Second Level-Test Level Bottom Level-Drivers Style Tips The LabVIEW Project Summary Bibliography Drivers Communication Standards Driver Classifications Inputs/Outputs Error Handling NI Spy Driver Guidelines Reuse and Development Reduction Driver Example Instrument I/O Assistant IVI Drivers Bibliography Exception Handling Exception Handling Defined Types of Errors Built-In Error Handling Performing Exception Handling Debugging Code Summary Bibliography Shared Variable Overview of Shared Variables Shared Variable Engine Shared Variable Processes and Services Shared Variable Networking Shared Variable Domains Pitfalls of Distributed Applications Shared Variables and Network Security Bibliography .NET, ActiveX, and COM Introduction to OLE, COM, and ActiveX COM OLE ActiveX .NET LabVIEW and ActiveX LabVIEW and .NET The VI Server ActiveX and .NET Examples Bibliography Multithreading in LabVIEW Multithreading Terminology Thread Mechanics Win32 Multithreading Pthreads Multithreading Problems Multithreading Myths Hyperthreading Multithreaded LabVIEW Thread Count Estimation for LabVIEW Subroutines in LabVIEW Chapter Summary Bibliography Object-Oriented Programming in LabVIEW What Is Object-Oriented? Objects and Classes Object Analysis Object Design Object Programming Developing Objects in LabVIEW Examples in Developing Instrument Drivers Object Template Exercises Bibliography Index
Numerical analysis of surface crack propagation in flexible pavements using XFEM and cohesive zone model
Surface initiated (top-down) cracking in the longitudinal direction of pavements has become a predominant mode of failure in thick asphalt pavements. Most previous researchers studied crack propagation using the traditional Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) method by calculating the stress intensity factor around the crack tip. In this paper, Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) was used to study the key factors causing surface initiated crack propagation under surface tension and/or shear. A two-dimensional (2-D) finite element (FE) model for a two-lane flexible pavement was built to predict pavement responses and crack propagation potential under various scenarios. It was found that surface tension is the major driving force for crack propagation when the crack is at some distance away from tire loading. The results show that the distance from the location of crack to tire loading, the depth and direction of the crack, and the modulus ratio between the hot-mix asphalt (HMA) layer and the base layer have significant influences on crack propagation under surface tension. On the other hand, this study shows that shear stress can induce surface initiated crack propagation near the loading area as the shear resistance of material becomes low at the high temperature.