Impulse irradiation of layered medium by the open end of circular waveguide
The radiation of impulse signal from the open end of a circular waveguide is considered by analytical and direct numerical methods. The radiation of short pulse from the aperture is considered by calculation of special time form of field by means of modal basis method that permits to transform the nonstationary three-dimensional electrodynamic problem into the problem for one-dimensional evolutionary equations by means of the construction of modal basis for electromagnetic field with arbitrary time dependence. The method is applied to solve the problem of pulse evolution for positive and negative time with the use of Laplace transform by construction of operator of propagation. The approach is employed to form the short pulse on aperture of circular waveguide for irradiation of layered medium with losses.
Transient radiation from the open end of circular waveguide
The transient radiation from the open end of a circular waveguide is considered by simple analytical and direct numerical methods. The radiation of short pulse from the aperture is provided by calculation of special time form of field by means of modal basis method that permits to solve the problem of pulse evolution for positive and negative time with the use of Laplace transform. The radiation of the short pulse is calculated in Kirchhoff approximation and simulated by FDTD method. The frequency characteristics of the radiated field are considered.
Techno-economic analysis of solar thermal power plants using liquid sodium as heat transfer fluid
Abstract Solar thermal power plants with central receiver and thermal storage are expected to be one key technology in future electricity generation, because they are renewable and due to the thermal storage independent of the current solar radiation. State-of-the-art solar power plants often use molten nitrate salts as heat transfer fluid. The use of liquid sodium instead leads to lower electricity generation costs. Sodium has a high thermal conductivity and thus large heat transfer rates are possible. Hence, a smaller absorber surface is sufficient for the same thermal power. As a result, the sodium receiver achieves a higher efficiency at lower investment cost. Additionally, the aiming strategy, which reduces the peak heat flux on molten salt receivers isn’t necessary for sodium. Even at high heat flux densities, the absorber tubes will be cooled sufficiently due to the high heat transfer coefficients. Therefore, the sodium receiver in this analysis is designed for one single aim point, resulting in a heat flux density of q mean = 1.06 MW / m 2 and q peak = 2.99 MW / m 2 . The state-of-the-art system with molten salt considers q mean = 0.51 MW / m 2 and q peak = 1.0 MW / m 2 . The presented techno-economic analysis of two sodium based concepts compared to a reference system with molten salt results in up to 16% lower electricity generation costs.