The Rights To Punish and Resist Punishment in Hobbes's Leviathan
Received: October 31, 1989 First Revision Received: July 9, 1990 Second Revision Received: August 9, 1990 Accepted for Publication: August 21, 1990 NOTE: I thank Stanley Anderson and Naomi Rosenberg for very helpful readings of an early version. Peter Digeser read more than one draft, his keen judgment repeatedly saving me from myself. Dean Mann and John Moore, as well as anonymous referees at the Western Political Quarterly, made incisive critiques of the penultimate draft. I alone, of course, am responsible for the flaws that remain. This work has been supported by a grant from the Research Committee of the Academic Senate at the University of California, Santa Barbara. I am grateful to Robert Faulkner, John Rogers, Brad Wilson, and Michael Zuckert for creating occasions on which to present versions of this paper. Questions about Hobbes's declaration of a preservationist right to resist unexceptionable punishment, administered by an unexceptionable government, must of course be distinguished from what Francisco Suarez called "the well-worn question of whether or not it is permissible for a private individual or his subjects to kill a tyrannical king" (1944b: 705-III.iv.1). To be sure, some will consider resistance to either kind of government, for any reason, primafacie contempt for Romans 13:2 ("Whatsoever ... resisteth the [higher powers], resisteth the ordinance of God"). Hobbes does not mention Romans 13:1-7 in the vicinity of his declarations of the right to resist (cf. Lev, 42, 100, 308 [589]). 2 Where it is said that "the essence [of a body politic] . . . is the not-resistance of the members" (II, i, 18); see also Elements (El), II, i, 7. On a relevant difference between De Cive (DC) and the Elements, see note 52, below. Tuck (1979: 119-30) traces the emergence of the right to resist in Hobbes's texts.
Thomas Hobbes and the philosophy of punishment
In this article I argue for a full appraisal of Hobbes's theory of punishment which takes account of its divergent and contradictory aspects. Examining his theory within the general context of his position in Leviathan, it is possible to see its centrality for the subsequent development of the modern philosophy of punishment. From this point of view, it is also possible to pinpoint the source of a central weakness in the retributive theory of punishment.
Turbine blade temperature calculation and life estimation - a sensitivity analysis
Abstract The overall operating cost of the modern gas turbines is greatly influenced by the durability of hot section components operating at high temperatures. In turbine operating conditions, some defects may occur which can decrease hot section life. In the present paper, methods used for calculating blade temperature and life are demonstrated and validated. Using these methods, a set of sensitivity analyses on the parameters affecting temperature and life of a high pressure, high temperature turbine first stage blade is carried out. Investigated uncertainties are: (1) blade coating thickness, (2) coolant inlet pressure and temperature (as a result of secondary air system), and (3) gas turbine load variation. Results show that increasing thermal barrier coating thickness by 3 times, leads to rise in the blade life by 9 times. In addition, considering inlet cooling temperature and pressure, deviation in temperature has greater effect on blade life. One of the interesting points that can be realized from the results is that 300 hours operation at 70% load can be equal to one hour operation at base load.