Energy estimation and photometric measurements of LED lighting in laboratory
Electricity demand is prevailing all over the world now and energy management becomes very complex. This paper aims at providing solution for power demand and energy management by using HB white LED lights for domestic applications. LED lights consume very less power and gives out high energy in the form of brightness. A laboratory model is created in DIALUX 4.11 using CAD window and is illuminated with LED lights. Photometric measurements and energy evaluation are done for the laboratory model with room components of different construction materials in the presence of LED lighting. Reflectivity of different materials under illumination is determined. Simulation is done for varying brightness and calculated results are carried over to Pov-Ray 3.6 for determining the real lighting appearance of the laboratory model. Energy evaluation is done for a year and photometric values of lighting system are measured. The calculated results proves that LED lighting system can be used as an efficient lighting system for domestic purposes when compared to other lighting systems. Simulated results and photometric values of LED lighting are presented here.
A New Lighting Communication System for Audio Signal with White LED
Light Emitting Diode (LED) is expected as the lighting source of next generation because they are long life, small size, and low power consumption, etc. In previous paper, we proposed a simple visible-light transmission system for sound using white LED. However, the flicker of light is sensed if the transmitted sound signal has the low frequency component. In this study, we propose improved modulation technique to overcome the flicker. LED can transmit audio signal while it is used for lighting source. We verified that it is possible to communicate with the received luminous flux of 1.1×10-5 lm without flicker. We also evaluated the effects of interference by plural LEDs.
Proliferative kidney disease: first reported outbreak in North America
Abstract. Proliferative kidney disease (PKD) was diagnosed in rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, at the Hagerman, Idaho, State Fish Hatchery. Wild fish from Riley Creek, one of the hatchery water supplies, were infected with PKD organisms. Clinical signs, gross pathology and histopathology of affected fish were typical of those reported for PKD in salmonids from European hatcheries. In addition to lesions normally seen, we observed a severe vasculitis and occlusion of renal and hepatic vessels. Ultrastructure of the PKD organism and possible inclusion body production sites are described. The disease outbreak was complicated by the presence of other infectious diseases. This is the first recorded outbreak of PKD in North America.