Custodial control or community alternatives? : an examination of the impact of the 1982 Criminal Justice Act in one local authority
State intervention with children and young people in conflict with the law is determined at a local level in England and Wales. While the state lays down legislation which provides a framework for sentencing juvenile offenders, the interaction among agencies involved in local juvenile justice systems determines the day to day practice of controlling young people in trouble with the law. Research into one local juvenile justice system examined the cases of all juveniles sentenced to custody or community alternatives from 1983 through 1988. The research raises issues around methodology, race, criteria for custody, social inquiry reports and agency policy towards juvenile offenders and illustrates a research approach which brings researchers, policy makers, and practitioners together in a productive alliance.
Rising Punitiveness in the English and Welsh Criminal Justice System
This chapter examines criminal justice policies, specifically, the degree to which these increased levels of punitiveness, levels which still exist today. The topic of ‘law and order’ was one on which Thatcher accumulated much political capital, but did this translate into actual policies? The legacy which we chart herein in is not a straight-forward one; initially there is little evidence of a ‘toughening’ of the criminal justice system along the lines one might expect given the rhetoric on law and order. The chapter emphasises the role of ideational change and the ways in which this unfolds gradually over time.
La inseguridad jurídica en normas de contratación estatal
It is established by different studies that the issue of government procurement has been marred by several factors, the test objective to publicize these factors, we take as starting point the constant conflict between the branches of government to try and organize this subject; will collect and analyze diverse regulatory and case material in order to achieve evidence and demonstrate the different concepts of constant change that produces excessive regulation of the subject procurement and is in turn causing rapid changes that result in legal uncertainty for our law on the Contract Status.