Fowl cholera immunization in turkeys. II. Use of experimental epornitic method to study vaccine efficacy in flocks of turkeys.
Groups of turkeys were challenged with Pasteurella multocida (P-1059) by the contact method. In this method, turkeys are artificially infected by the intramuscular injection of P. multocida organisms and are then introduced into the test group. The death patterns resulting from this contact method of challenge are either normally distributed or skewed to the right.
Fowl cholera immunization in turkeys. I. Efficacy of various cell fractions of Pasteurella multocida as vaccines.
Cell fractions of Pastuerella multocida (P-1059) were tested as vaccines against fowl cholera in turkeys. These fractions were culture filtrate, cell wall, and cytoplasm. A second culture filtrate preparation made from cells grown on blood-agar rather than the standard medium was also tested along with a "combination" preparation made by recombination of the cell fractions. Each preparation was tested in three vehicles: saline, alum (0.5%), and Freund Incomplete Adjuvant (50%). The turkeys vaccinated with these preparations were challenged by exposure to an experimental epornitic of fowl cholera. The combination fraction appeared to be the most promising vaccine when compared to the protective action of the commercial bacterin included in the test as a positive control.
Development of Science and Technology in the Iranian Electric Power Industry: Challenges and Future Progress
This chapter examines four key segments of the electric power industry in Iran: generation, transportation, distribution and consumption. It reviews the method, development, and evolution of electric power generation in the country. Specifically, the chapter reviews the structure of the electric industry, the main players, institutions, standards as well as laws, human resources, technology, the export and import markets, and engineering management of the industry in the country. Finally, the challenges facing the industry will be identified and policy suggestions to remedy the problems will be provided.