THE SITING OF A PRISON COMPLEX ABOVE AN ABANDONED UNDERGROUND COAL MINEl by
-. This roper discusses in *M tie process undetien to mitigate the effects of any fiture mine subsidence on prison structures proposed above old abandoned underground workings. The site for a proposed prison complex purchased by the State of Indiana was located in west-central Indiana and was undermined by an old abandoned room and pillar mine. The original plan for construcdon cmsisted of one phase. Based on a study of the mine map and subsurface verification of the extent of mining it was determined that all prison buildings and important structures could be placed above solid coal to the north. One masonry building, however, was located within the potential draw zone of mine works which still contained significant mine voids. Based on empirical data the subsidence potential was estimated and the building waa accordingly designed to be mine subsidence mktant It was decided that a phase two prison complex should be constructed adjacent to and just south of the Phase I complex. This complex would be directly above the underground workings. The first stage of design was to minimim subsidence potential by positioning the exposure of significant structures to the subjacent mining assuming the mine map was sufficiently accurate. Subsequently, an extensive subsurface investigation program was then undertaken to: 1. ascertain whether or not mine areas where buildings would be located were already collapsed and thus only nominal, if any, subsidence could occur in the fhture; and 2. ver@ the presence of solid coal areas within the mine as indicated on the mine map. Based on all the site information gathered subsidence pmfilea were developedfkoman empirical data base of subsidence events in the Illinois Coal Basin. As a result of this work many structures on the site required no or nominal subsidence considerations. For others that could be potentially affected by future subsidence movement, however, preliminary subsidence resistant designs were completed using the expected level of potential subsidence movement. The estimated costs to make each of these structure subsidence resistant waa significant. Mine backfilling measures were taken at these structure locations.
Subsidence: Occurrence, Prediction and Control
1. Natural subsidence and influence of geological processes. 2. Development of concepts and theories of mining subsidence. 3. Mining and ground movement. 4. Methods of predicting mining subsidence. 5. Observed behaviour of mining subsidence. 6. Subsidence prediction by the UK empirical model. 7. Computer based prediction of mining subsidence employing empirical data. 8. Subsidence associated with near-surface tunnels. 9. Subsidence associated with room and pillar mining. 10. Subsidence associated with steeply inclined seams. 11. Subsidence aspects of sloping ground surfaces. 12. Rock-salt and potash mining subsidence aspects. 13. The time factor in mining subsidence. 14. Influence of geological factors on the character of mining subsidence. 15. Subsidence arising from ground-water withdrawal, oil and gas field activities and underground coal gasification. 16. Subsidence aspects of abandoned mine workings. 17. Effects of mining subsidence on surface structures, design considerations and precautionary measures. 18. Ground movement behaviour as indicated by subsidence models. Appendix 1. Mining subsidence and displacement prediction using influence function methods. References. Bibliography. Subject index. Place index. Author index.
Economics of General-Purpose Assembly Robots
Summary A study of the comparative economics of various automatic assembly systems using general-purpose assembly robots is described. In the study, use is made of a “typical” candidate assembly whose profile is obtained from statistical analysis of actual products submitted by interested companies. It is shown that the choice of assembly system and the various parts presentation methods depends on three main factors, namely: the annual production volume per shift, the number of parts in the product and the equipment payback period.