Dual Anti-de Sitter Superalgebras from Partial Supersymmetry Breaking
The partial breaking of supersymmetry in anti\char21{}de Sitter space can be accomplished using two of four dual representations for the massive $\mathrm{OSp}(1,4)$ spin-3/2 multiplet. The procedure gives rise to a set of dual $N=2$ supergravities and supersymmetry algebras.
DUAL SUPERSYMMETRY ALGEBRAS FROM PARTIAL SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING
Abstract The partial breaking of supersymmetry in flat space can be accomplished using any one of three dual representations for the massive N=1 spin-3/2 multiplet. Each of the representations can be “unHiggsed”, which gives rise to a set of dual N=2 supergravities and supersymmetry algebras.
Experimental energy barriers to anions transporting through nanofiltration membranes.
Environmentally relevant contaminants fluoride, chloride, nitrate, and nitrite face Arrhenius energy barriers during transport through nanofiltration (NF) membranes. The energy barriers were quantified using crossflow filtration experiments and were in the range of 7-17 kcal·mol(-1), according to ion type and membrane type (Filmtec NF90 and NF270). Fluoride faced a comparatively high energy barrier for both membranes. This can be explained by the strong hydration energy of fluoride rather than other ion properties such as bare ion radius, fully hydrated radius, Stokes radius, diffusion coefficient, or ion charge. The energy barrier for fluoride decreased with pressure, indicating an impact of directional force on energy barriers. The influence of temperature-induced pore radius variability and viscosity on energy barriers was considered. The novel link between energy barriers and ion properties emphasizes the importance of ion hydration and/or partial dehydration mechanisms in determining transport in NF.