EFFECT OF DRYING CONDITIONS ON TRITICALE SEED GERMINATION AND RICE WEEVIL INFESTATION
The combination of high protein content and a soft seed coat makes the wheat-rye hybrid Triticale (Triticosecale) vulnerable to attack by rice weevils. Drying triticale grain to moisture contents safe for storage can prevent infestation by rice weevils, but if grain is being stored for seed, high drying temperatures can affect seed germination. Grain can be effectively dried at low temperatures, but low-temperature drying is difficult in hot, humid regions such as the Gulf Coast. This study investigated the effects of drying temperatures from 35°C to 45°C on triticale seed germination and found no statistical differences between the germination rates of the seed at any of the drying temperatures and the germination rates of controls. Final moisture contents after drying ranged from 7.9% wet basis (w.b.) at 45°C for 48 h to 9.7% w.b. at 35°C for 24 h. New generations of rice weevils appeared in the control samples maintained at 23°C and 13.8% or 13.9% w.b. but were not observed in grain dried at any of the drying treatments. The results of this study showed that triticale seed can be dried to moisture contents that effectively control rice weevil infestation in hot, humid climates without significantly affecting germination rate.
The susceptibility of triticale to post-harvest infestation by Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Sitophilus granarius (L.)
Abstract Indices of susceptibility of five cultivars of triticale, four of wheat, three of barley and three of maize to post-harvest infestation by Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky were determined. The numbers of F 1 insects (from the same number of parents) developing on the triticale lines were a little under twice as many as developed on the wheat lines and about three times as many as on the maize or barley lines. The amount of damage caused by each insect developing on the different cultivars was investigated and the indices of susceptibility were adjusted to take this into account. Indices of susceptibility of one cultivar of each of triticale, wheat, barley and maize to S. zeamais, Sitophilus oryzae (L.) and Sitophilus granarius (L.) were determined, and development curves of the three species breeding on triticale are presented. The results obtained showed that all three species of Sitophilus can increase in number on triticale quicker than on wheat, maize or barley.
A Study of the Changes Over Time in State Anxiety in a Computer-Assisted Instructional Program
The purposes of this study were to analyze (1) the changes over time in the state anxiety level of children in a computer-assisted program of reading instruction and in classroom reading instruction, (2) the changes in state anxiety patterns as related to gender, achievement level, and ethnicity, and (3) the difference in anxiety levels of the students while in computer-assisted reading instruction and classroom reading instruction.