100 Ohm transfer standard
A new 100 /spl Omega/ transfer standard has been built and placed in service at VTT Automation. The temperature of the resistor is maintained at 30.72/spl deg/C where the temperature coefficient is zero. The daily variation in temperature is less than /spl plusmn/0.005/spl deg/C. The temperature during transportation is about 0.06/spl deg/C less than the nominal value and it can be hold for about 40 hours. The behavior of the standard was verified in the resistance comparison between VTT (Finland), PTB (Germany), BIPM (International) and BNM-LCIE (France) in November-December 1998. The result indicates that the variation of the standard during the transportation is less than 6.10/sup -9/.
Comparison of four QHR systems within one month using a temperature and pressure stabilized 100-Ω resistor
We have carried out a resistance comparison of four QHR systems using a 100-/spl Omega/ resistor in a temperature-controlled and hermetically sealed enclosure, the comparison was performed in November and December 1998, the participants were Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM), Bureau National de Metrology-Laboratoire Central des Industries Electroniques (BNM-LCIE) France, Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) Germany, and Valtion Teknillinen Tutkimuskeskus (VTT Automation) Finland, acting as a pilot laboratory. The comparison results agree within 3 parts in 10/sup 9/ with a relative combined standard uncertainty of /spl plusmn/1/spl times/10/sup -8/.
Metallurgical Process Engineering
The "material of choice" - steel.- Uprising of China's steel industry.- Process manufacturing industry and process engineering.- Engineering science in steel manufacturing process.- Analysis and integration of metallurgical manufacturing process.- Multi-dimensional mass flow control for metallurgical manufacturing process.- Time factors in steel manufacturing process.-Operating dynamics in the production process of steel plant.- Structure and mode of steel plant.- Steel plant and environment.