Penetration of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in a Florida soil.
Gas-liquid chromatography was used to detect movement of the nematicide, 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP), in soil columns containing top- and subsoil of Astatula fine sand. Topsoil contained 1.4-1.6% organic matter and subsoil 0.20-0.25%. DBCP was applied at various rates as aqueous drenches. Depth of penetration was controlled by organic matter in topsoil and varied with the amount of water applied. Maximum DBCP penetration after 14 days was 28 cm; maximum water infiltration, 115 cm. Maximum depth of penetration was obtained with a water emulsion of 30 mug/ml of DBCP applied in 15 cm of water. DBCP applied in 5 cm of water to soils containing 2.0% and 0.125% organic matter penetrated 6 cm and 60 cm, respectively.
Effect of Temperature on the Dispersion of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane in Soil.
A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of temperature on the dispersion of 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) in soil. The facility of solution of DBCP in water was also investigated. Results of these studies show that the movement of DBCP from an injection site is temperature dependent. These data also indicate that DBCP dissolves readily in water and that dissolved chemical serves to limit the rate of outward dispersion once the liquid DBCP which was added has changed state. The mechanics of DBCP dispersion following soil injection are discussed.
Intentional poisoning cases of animals with anticholinesterase pesticide-carbofuran in Sri Lanka.
Carbofuran is a broad spectrum insecticide and nematicide which inhibits acetyl cholinesterase. Several intentional poisoning cases of animals and birds including crows, dogs, cow, and elephant, using carbofuran were reported in Sri Lanka. Qualitative analysis of carbofuran in biological specimens was carried out using T.L.C and GC-MS. The quantitative analysis was carried out by HPLC using Zorbax Eclips XDB-C18 (150 x 4.6 mm I.D x 5 microm particle size) column with acetonitrile: water 25:75 v/v mobile phase and UV detection at 210 nm. The liquid-liquid extraction with chloroform was reproducible and sensitive. The procedure was validated in terms of linearity (0.996<r<0.999) for concentrations ranging from 1 to 200 microg/ml, repeatability (RSD 4.4% at 100 microg/ml, n=10) extraction recovery (91.7% at 100 microg/g, 77.3% at 20 microg/g), limit of detection (S/N ratio=3, 0.7 microg/ml) and limit of quantification (S/N ratio=10, 2.4 microg/ml). The method was found satisfactory and successfully applied in fatal cases of animals and birds due to carbofuran poisoning. The fatal carbofuran levels detected were in the range of 42-910 microg/g in crow's gizzard and contents, 50-800 microg/g in dog's stomach contents, 13-20 microg/g in dog's liver, 0.9 microg/g in cow's stomach and contents, 35 microg/g in elephant's stomach and contents.