Notes on the Measurement of Values
Historians frequently use values to explain behavior. Since their studies focus on the behavior, they have neglected to measure values and change in values. The current practices of historians of values will not yield conclusions usable in the history of behavior.
"Early" Fertility Decline in America: a Problem in Family History
A striking peculiarity of American demographic history is its compara tively early decline in fertility. Although some of the decrease before the Civil War may be attributed to later and less universal marriage, marital fertility also fell Past scholar ship on the subject has focused on alternative explanations and statistical approaches to cross-sectional variations in the child-woman ratio. After showing the inherent limita tions of this approach, particularly at the level of states, this article draws on the findings of historians of political behavior and women's activities to suggest that the understand ing of the early decline in marital fertility in the United States may be most profitably pursued through the study of the fertility behavior and values of the principal action- groups of antebellum America: religious, ethnic, and economic. Both the motivations for, and possibly the techniques of, family limitation were transmitted and sustained, this hypothesis contends, through membership and participation in these groups.
A social analysis of the members of the Newfoundland House of Assembly, Executive Council, and Legislative Council for the period, 1855-1914
Chapter I consists of an introduction to the thesis, its purpose, and intent. Chapter II is an aggregate analysis of the members of the three chambers of government during the period 1855-1914. Chapter III is an analysis of geographic factors contributing to recruitment into Newfoundland politics. Chapter IV analyzes religion and its importance in Island politics. Chapter V studies occupation and class and Chapter VI is concerned with kinship and marriage. Chapter VII summarizes the findings of the previous chapters.