TASK-BASED ASSESSMENT IN THE ALBANIAN CONTEXT
Task-based assessment is timely, because issues of critical thinking and lifelong learning have come to the fore in discussions of the national educational reform. TBA is of increasing interest to teachers and educators, because of its emphasis on active, transferable learning, its potential for motivating students to develop problem-solving skills and in becoming effective collaborators. TBA has been widely explored and studied by many researchers in the field of English language teaching. However, there are few or no official studies that specifically deal with task-based assessment and its implementation in the Albanian context. In addition, due to insufficient data, these studies fail in providing a well-documented account of the present situation in Albania with regard to Task- based assessment model and its utilization in EFL classrooms. This paper aims to lay out firstly a general overview of this model of learning, and secondly it explores some attempts of how to situate it within the Albanian context. It’s a long and challenging undertaking, but we (teachers) should move forward and try these new experiences out, however demanding they appear.
Task-based Instruction
Task-based is a kind of instruction in which language learners, performing activities, are engaged in meaningful, goal-oriented communication to solve problems, complete projects, and reach decisions. Tasks have been used for a broad range of instructional purposes, serving, for example, as units of syllabuses, activities for structure or function practice, and language focusing enhancements to content-based curricula. In this literature, some issues related to task-based instruction will be discussed.
L1 Adaptive Controller for Attitude Control of Multirotors
In this work we show an application of L1 Adaptive control theory for attitude control of UAVs. We implement the flight control system on a multirotor to show robustness and precise attitude tracking in the presence of modeling uncertainties and environmental disturbances. We choose backstepping control architecture, since the kinematics and dynamics of multirotors in most cases can be written in strict feedback form. We further exploit the fact that the kinematics of the plant, while free of uncertainties, is nonlinear, which makes it highly suitable for dynamic inversion control at each level of backstepping. On the other hand, plant dynamics is uncertain and is affected by environmental disturbances such as wind gusts, unmodeled dynamics etc. Therefore, we consider 3 variants of the control architecture. The first method uses backstepping to determine the moment demand and augments it with the L1 adaptive controller to account for uncertainties and provide robustness with guaranteed transient performance. The second architecture apply the concept of L1 adaptive backstepping to the same problem; and the third architecture uses L1 backstepping for quaternion representation of the system dynamics, which helps to avoid the singularities associated with Euler angles.