INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL FORMS ON CHANGES IN THE CONTENT OF MINERAL ELEMENTS IN GRAIN OF NEW WINTER TRITICALE HYBRID STRAINS
The paper presents a study on the content of Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Fe in kernels (F5 generation) of winter triticale produced by crossbreeding three maternal with two paternal forms. As maternal forms, two strains were used, IGS 5101, FDT 975, as well as cultivar Alzo. The paternal components consisted of strains LAD 122 and F 8063. Morphologically established hybrid strains were selected at the Institute of Genetics, Plant Breeding and Biotechnology of the University of Life Sciences in Lublin. The component selection for crossbreeding was performed to achieve hybrids with great yield-forming potential and to improve the resistance to grain sprouting. Minerals were determined by the atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) method. The results revealed differentiation in amounts of the analysed mineral components in hybrids depending on genotypes of the parental forms. Hybrid strains were usually characterized by a lower ash content in kernels than the parental forms. Among all the hybrids, strain IGS 5101 × F 8063 was distinguishable by its higher content of K, Ca, Mn, and Fe in grain versus both parental forms. It also excelled exceeded the other hybrids in respect of Ca, K and Mn. Tests on the mineral components in hybrid triticale strains indicate that it is possible to shape their levels through an appropriate selection of parental forms and selection during breeding work on X Triticosecale Wittmack genus to achieve cultivars of improved nutritional value.
Evaluation of grain technological quality of X Triticosecale Wittmack with Aegilops sp. hybrids
Technological value of grain of new hybrid triticale lines achieved due to crossbreeding X Triticosecale Wittmack with Aegilops sp. was studied as compared to standard triticale varieties to select lines with the best technological value. It was found that the new triticale lines under evaluation were characterized by usually higher 1000-kernel weight than standard Bogo cv., but this value depended on the year of the study when compared to Presto cv. The hybrid strains were characterized by lower volume weight than Presto cv., but exceeded or were similar to Bogo cv. Grain shapeliness and uniformity for the lines studied were usually significantly lower than for standard triticale varieties. Great differentiation of vitreousness within the lines was found; vitreousness of strain 3 and 6 grain even exceeded that for both standard varieties. Total protein content was also higher for both strains than for Presto cv. The hybrid triticale strains were distinguished with lower wet gluten content than the standard varieties. Flour extract from triticale with Aegilops cross- combination grain was significantly lower than from Presto cv., but similar to Bogo cv. Among the strains studied, No 4 and 5 were characterized by the highest value of that trait and the best rheological properties of dough. Evaluation of baking and its organoleptic features revealed the superiority of strain 4 over standard Presto cv. Strain 4 deserves attention as a material for the baking industry. K e y w o r d s: triticale, Aegilops sp., hybrids, technological value
When enough is too much: Communication apprehension and employee information experiences
This study examines the relationships between supervisor communication apprehension, employee communication apprehension, and employees' reports of information received from their supervisor. Results indicated that supervisor communication apprehension was negatively related to employees' reports of information received. Employee communication apprehension and employees' reports of information received from supervisors were not significantly related. Supervisor communication apprehension was negatively related to the information load reported by employees. Finally, a positive relationship was identified between employee communication apprehension and the information load reported by employees.