‘The Rebellion From Below’ and the Origins of Early Zionist Christianity
ABSTRACT This article argues that Zionist Christianity emerged in South Africa out of the peasant revolt that occurred in the Boer Republics during and after the South African War. Using the experiences of early Zionist leaders Daniel Nkonyane and Engenas Lekganyane, the article demonstrates the continuity of their theology with the ideology of the ‘Rebellion From Below’ first described by Jeremy Krikler. The early Zionists, like their predecessors, were primarily interested in recreating a world based on communal politics and land ownership – a world without rents, landlords, or white supervision.
Zionism and Pentecostalism: Black Zionist Roots in the AFM of SA through the Lens of Decoloniality
Contrary to literature that recognises American missionaries John G Lake and Thomas Hezmalhalch as cofounders of the Apostolic Faith Mission (AFM) of South Africa, this article seeks to demonstrate the role played by the Black Zionist movement in preparing the foundation of the AFM of South Africa. This shall be done by demonstrating the role played by Wakkerstroom Congregation; the Central Tabernacle in Zion; the distinctiveness of the Black Zionist movement; and the distinct Black Zionist leaders in South Africa. I argue through the lens of decoloniality that there was already a group of Black Zionists fellowshipping at what is known as Wakkerstroom Congregation when John G Lake and Thomas Hezmalhalch arrived in South Africa. This congregation later gave birth to the AFM of South Africa in 1908 and other Zionist churches thereafter. The Black Zionist roots of the AFM discussed in this article have three implications. First, they suggest that the AFM is truly a Black and African church; hence, the church grows largely among Black people. Second, these roots are important for sustaining the growth of the AFM in the future. Last, the discussion challenges church historians to consider the Black Zionist roots when studying the foundation of the AFM.
The Politics of Liberty in England and Revolutionary America: Acknowledgments
Introduction: re-examining the roots of Anglo-American political thought Part I. The Divine Right Challenge to Natural Liberty: 1. The attack on the Catholic natural law 2. Calvinism and parliamentary resistance theory 3. The problem of Grotius and Hobbes Part II. The Whig Politics of Liberty in England: 4. James Tyrrell: the voice of moderate Whiggism 5. The Pufendorfian movement: moderate Whig sovereignty theory 6. Algernon Sidney and the old Republicanisms 7. A new Republican England 8. Natural rights in Locke's two treatises 9. Lockean liberal constitutionalism 10. The glorious revolution and the catonic response Part III. The Whig Legacy in America: 12. British constitutionalism and the challenge of empire 13. Thomas Jefferson and the radical theory of empire 14. Tom Paine and popular sovereignty 15. Revolutionary constitutionalism: laboratories of radical Whiggism Conclusions Notes Bibliography.