Socio-economic rights, political action, judicial conceptions of democracy and transformation : South Africa and Nigeria
universalism of legal subjects, but in Africa that would apply only in the urban environment; the political parties of liberal democracy do not make sense in societies where associational life is rudimentary and interest groups remain essentially primary groups. 6 There is therefore need to fashion an alternative model of democracy to fit the cultural context and contextual political arrangements of Africans in Africa. It is as a result of this that several African scholars/political theorists have already put forward their views of what the appropriate 1 This position is also supported by Dahl. See R A Dahl On democracy (1998) 9 – 10. 2 C Ake ‘The unique case of African Democracy’ (1993) 69 (2) International Affairs 239 at 243 (Emphasis supplied). 3 A An-Naim ‘Religion, the state and constitutionalism in Islamic and comparative perspectives’ (2008-2009) 57 Drake Law Review 829. 4 Y Mokgoro and S Woolman ‘Where dignity ends and ubuntu begins: An amplification of, as well as an identification of a tension in, Drucilla Cornell’s thoughts’ in S Woolman & D Bilchitz (eds) Is this seat taken? Conversations at the Bar, the Bench and the Academy about the South African Constitution (2012) 241 at 242 – 243. 5 To borrow An-Naim phrase. See A An-Naim ‘The legal protection of human rights in Africa: How to do more with less’ in A Sarat and T R Kearns (eds) Human rights: Concepts, contests and contingencies (2001) 89 at 102 – 103. 6 C Ake ‘The unique case of African Democracy’ (1993) 69 (2) International Affairs 239 at 243.
THREE NORMATIVE MODELS OF DEMOCRACY Jiirgen Habermas
I would like to sketch a proceduralist view of democracy and deliberative politics which differs in relevant aspects from both the liberal and the republican paradigm. Let me (1) remind you the opposite features of these two established models. I will then (2) introduce a new proceduralist conception by way of a critique of the “ethical overload” of the republican view. The last part of the paper further elaborates (3) the three normative models of democracy by comparing their corresponding images of state and society.
A feasibility study of adolescent sex education: medical students as peer educators in Edinburgh schools
Objectives To determine the feasibility of medical students being involved in sex education in secondary schools, as lesson leaders in peer group discussions.