The future of telecommunications operator alliances
This paper deals with the issue of telecommunications operator alliances,and their relevance from the point ofview of globalization. Considering theimportance of symmetries in theoreticalphysics, we try to use a standard principle of symmetry, which can be simplytranslated in 'homogenisation of socioeconomic space', a new concept whichencompasses the convergence of social trends and economics. After studying telecommunications liberalisationin the US, in EU and in Japan, andanalysing the forces engendered by the homogenisation of socioeconomicspace, we conclude that telecommunications operators will have to reviewtheir alliances strategy to match this on-going movement.
NTT's transformation: From Public Telephone Operator to major multimedia enterprise
NTT's strong desire to become a multimedia company was revealed in its recent announcement in support of network opening and an open computer network (OCN). Since NTT's plans were made public during the NTT divestiture debate, they were taken by some to be primarily a tactical counterproposal to stave off a break-up. In fact, if we trace the history of technology and service visions since the early 1970s, we can see that this interpretation of NTT's motivations is erroneous. This paper traces that history, and attempts to shed light on the forces both inside and outside NTT, that culminated in its detailed plans to transform itself from a Public Telephone Operator (PTO) into a major multimedia enterprise.
Studies on root enamel (2). Enamel pearls. A review of their morphology, localization, nomenclature, occurrence, classification, histogenesis and incidence.
Enamel pearls are one of a number of different enamel structures that can be found on the roots of deciduous and permanent teeth. They have a distinct predilection for the furcation areas of molar teeth, particularly the maxillary third and second molars. They can consist primarily of enamel, but in most instances, a core of dentin is contained within them. On rare occasions, even pulpal tissues can be found. Enamel pearls usually occur singularly, but up to 4 enamel pearls have been observed on the same tooth. Depending on the study, enamel pearls on permanent molar teeth have an incidence rate of between 1.1%-9.7% with distinct differences among racial and national groups. The incidence of enamel pearls increases greatly in histological studies, suggesting that they are often obscured by a covering of cementum.