Use of high temperature operating life data to mitigate risks in long-duration space applications that deploy commercial-grade plastic encapsulated semiconductor devices
Abstract Commercial-grade plastic encapsulated semiconductor devices are now widely used in space and military equipment for their cost-per-performance and availability advantages over military type ceramic parts. However, many equipment manufacturers still perceive risks in their deployment, and conduct expensive and time-consuming screening and qualification programs to mitigate the potential risks associated with their use. This paper discusses the limitations of the screening and qualification approach currently employed by space equipment manufacturers to assess the long-term reliability of commercially-available plastic encapsulated semiconductor devices (PEDs) in deep space missions. In addition, the paper presents the value of the high temperature operating life (HTOL) data published by manufacturers of PEDs for mitigating the risks associated with the use of such devices in long-duration space applications, where steady-state temperature is the significant stress parameter.
Plastic packaged microcircuits: quality, reliability, and cost issues
Plastic encapsulated microcircuits (PEMs) find their main application in commercial and telecommunication electronics. The advantages of PEMs in cost, size, weight, performance, and market lead-time, have attracted 97% of the market share of worldwide microcircuit sales. However, PEMs have always been resisted in US Government and military applications due to the perception that PEM reliability is low. This work surveys plastic packaging with respect to the issues of reliability, market lead-time, performance, cost, and weight as a means to guide part selection and system design. >
Great American Bridges and Dams
Bridges: Spanning the Nation. Dams: Controlling a Precious Resource. Saving Bridges and Dams. Guide to the Guide. THE BRIDGES AND DAMS. New England. Mid-Atlantic. South. Midwest. Southwest. West. Epilogue: The Ones That Got Away. Further Reading. Information Sources. Index.