Accumulated Deficiency of Housing Investments in Russia: Threats and Prospects
The author presents estimations of economic distortions in the Russian housing sector, which have become the result of the housing policy of the last 70 years. Such distortions are explained by the deficiency of investment required for supporting existing housing assets. The author suggests mechanisms for eliminating the gap between investment required and actual one. The study results allow justify the goal of the state housing policy in Russia and determine the optimal strategy for achieving this goal using available resources.
Housing Construction Market in the Russian Federation: Current Status and Development Prospects
The authors analyze peculiarities of the housing construction market in modern Russia, incentives of actors in such markets. The efficiency of the existing state regulation is being assessed. The authors conclude that housing construction­ sector is characterized by serious deficiencies and ineffective regulation. The key parameters of the housing construction market do not meet the needs of the economy and the Russian society.
Gender Pay Gap in the European Union Labor Market
The participation of women in the European Union labor market has been increasing over recent years, putting an end to the notion that women are a marginal part of the labor force. However, such increased integration of women into paid work has neither ended the traditional gender divide between jobs nor it translated into gender equality in terms of economic opportunity and economic participation in the labor market. The purpose of the paper is to briefly discuss the gender pay gap in the EU labor market. The paper defines gender pay gap and provides a brief theoretical overview of the underlying causes of such pay asymmetry between men and women. Statistics provided for EU 25 reveal that the current policy attempts to reduce such a gender asymmetry still lack improvement in practice. The paper concludes with selected policy suggestions aiming to make a progress in the issue of the gender equality in pay.