Steady-State Orbitron Emissions
The Orbitron maser has been operated at a pressure of 2 × 10-6 in the steady state. Electrons are supplied to the device by an oxide-coated tungsten cathode placed inside the cylindrical cavity. The plasma-free emission corresponded to harmonically related steady-state narrow lines. The fundamental (lowest frequency) line corresponds to a resonance in the cavity system, which could be observed with a grid-dip meter.
The influence of collisions on the orbitron maser
Abstract The effects of collision on the gain by the inverse Landau damping in the Orbitron maser are discussed. We analyze the perturbations about an equilibrium in which the electrons move in circular orbitals and the bulk beam is in an annulus with an average orbital frequency ḡw 0 . The collisions enable the maser to operate at a higher frequency ω which is slightly below an harmonic frequency /ḡw 0 where l may be very large integer.
Die wisselwerking tussen ekonomiese en konstitusionele hervormings in Suid‐Afrika
Abstract This article deals with the interplay between economic and constitutional reforms in South Africa. Historical and contemporary forces which obtain in these spheres are taken into consideration after which a number of conclusions are drawn.