Genre et migration, une approche juridique pour le cas du Mali
Gender is becoming increasingly important in different fields including migration. The paper examines some legal aspects linked to gender and migration as far as Mali is concerned. It especially tackles issues related to family reunification, personal status, right of asylum, protection of vulnerable persons, as well as discrimination. As for family reunification, some difficulties stem from disparities between regulations in receiving countries and in Mali. Besides, incompatibilities between rules concerning the personal status of Malian women and rules in host countries create complicated situations for immigrant women. Regarding the right of asylum, protection of vulnerable persons and discrimination issues, specific provisions focusing on female migrants are scarce. The status of migrant women is thus analyzed through rules applying to Malian migration in general. The relative lack of consideration of gender issues does not work in the favor of female migrants.
Migration féminine comme parcours initiatique . La conquête d’une nouvelle identité (São Paulo, Brésil)
La migration feminine est reconnue, depuis assez peu de temps, comme un des faits de societe majeurs, bien que nos connaissances restent fragmentaires. Si, dans les annees soixante-dix, elle etait admise en Amerique Latine — dont les grandes villes recevaient un nombre tres important de jeunes femmes rurales (3,8 millions entre 1960 et 1970) a tel point que la sex-ratio en etait inversee — on continuait a la nier dans les villes africaines par exemple au nom de la « solidarite » familiale, ma...
Did the metamorphosis from Export Processing Zones to Special Economic Zones improve the efficiency of trade enclaves in India?
In this paper, the efficiency of seven conventional Special Economic Zones in India is analyzed, by adopting a stochastic production frontier technique, for the period between 1986–1987 and 2007–2008.Results indicate that although the efficiency scores of these enclaves have improved over the years, specifically with the introduction of the SEZ policy (2000–2001), it is far below the threshold level as identified in the literature. Besides, one can also observe a discrepancy emerging between better export earning zones and efficient zones. On the determinants side, policy intervention and large geographical area, accompanied by clustering of units, are found to have impacted the efficiency scores of these enclaves positively.