INVOLVEMENT OF AMERICAN INDIAN YOUTH IN GANGS
Virtually nothing is known about the involvement of American Indian youth in gangs. However, recent evidence suggests that a gang culture and gang membership have diffused to many Native American Indian communities. The purpose of this article is to examine the results of a self-report study among American Indian youth from several western states. The results indicate that about 5 percent of males, but less than 1 percent of females reported actual gang membership. In addition, about 10 percent of male and female respondents reported hanging around with gangs. When compared to non-gang Indian youth, level of drug involvement and involvement in delinquent activities washigherforin-gang youth and those who hang around with gangs. Youth who reported hanging around with gangs also reported higher drug use and involvement in delinquent activities than non-gang youth, but lower than those who reported actual membership in gangs. Conditions of poverty, lack of economic opportunities, discrimination, and the erosion of cultural identity provide the structural conditions for the attractiveness of gangs to Indian youth. The actual diffusion of gang culture is dependent on contact between Indian youth and non-Indian youth with knowledge about gangs. The article considers several important areas for research on gang emergence in Native American Indian communities.
Minority children and adolescents in therapy
PART ONE: CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK A Transcultural Framework for Assessment and Therapy with Ethnic Minority Children and Youth PART TWO: UNDERSTANDING AND ASSESSING THE MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS OF ETHNIC MINORITY CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS Asian American Children and Adolescents American Indian Children and Adolescents Black American Children and Adolescents Hispanic American Children and Adolescents PART THREE: INTERVENTION AND TREATMENT WITH ETHNIC MINORITY CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS Cultural-Specific Methods, Techniques and Skills in Individual Therapy Cultural-Specific Methods, Techniques and Skills in Family Therapy Cultural-Specific Methods, Techniques and Skills in Group Therapy
Indian child welfare: A community team approach to protective services
The purpose of this study is threefold: first, to describe the characteristics of child abuse and neglect on a major Indian reservation; second, to examine the impact of a community team approach to child abuse and neglect as measured by the incidence of reported abuse and neglect and admissions for emergency foster care; and third, to make recommendations for actions to close the gaps in child welfare services to Indian children living on reservations.