Determination of Lead(II) in Liver Corpse of a Slaughtered Cattle with Preconcentration on a Chelating Sorbent
The copolymer of the maleic anhydride-styrene is modified at the presence of 4-amino-2-thiouracil and formaldehyde and the new polymeric sorbate with spatial structure is received. The received sorbate is identified by the IR-spectroscopy method. The complete static sorption capacitance was studied (CSSC+K= 7.8 mmol/g) and the ionization constants of ionic groups in a sorbate link was defined by electrometric method. Ionization constants were determined by potentiometric titration of the sorbent (). Sorption and desorption of the received sorbent with a lead ion (II) are investigated and optimum concentration conditions are defined: рНopt. = 5, ionic force μ = 0.8 pier/l, full sorption balance 4 hours, optimum eluent 5 ml of 0.5 M HCl.
Adsorption–photometric determination of lead in cattle liver
A styrene–maleic anhydride copolymer is synthesized, modified in the presence of p-sulfoaniline and formaldehyde, and a new polymer adsorbent is obtained and identified by IR spectroscopy. The ionization constants of ionogenic groups in the adsorbent are determined by the potentiometric method. The adsorption and desorption of lead(II) on the obtained adsorbent are investigated, and optimal conditions of preconcentration are determined. An adsorption–photometric procedure for the determination of lead is proposed, including the adsorption preconcentration of lead(II) from a buffer solution with pH 6 and desorption with a solution of HCl (with the desorption rate of up to 99%). The procedure was used to determine lead in the cattle liver.
Twenty five years of industrial development: a study of resource use rates and macro-efficiency indicators for five Asian countries
Abstract Economic and population growth in Asia over the last three decades has been unprecedented. While conventional economic indicators have been increasing consistently, indicators of resource and environmental quality have been deteriorating, raising questions about the implications of future growth. Economic growth in the future is considered to be contingent on ensuring a more efficient use of natural resources, while simultaneously striving to reduce environmental impacts. We examine time trends of three efficiency indicators; agricultural efficiency, energy efficiency of economic production and carbon efficiency of energy use, for the five most populous countries in Asia in order to assess whether industrial development has lead to increased resource use efficiency and an associated reduction in total resource use and environmental impacts. Our results indicate that agricultural efficiency has decreased in all five countries. Results are mixed for energy and carbon efficiencies. Where increases in energy and carbon efficiency have occurred, they have been completely overwhelmed by absolute increases in energy use and carbon emissions caused by increases in the scale of economic activity. Based on this analysis, we study the potential for further improvements and policy implications for future food supply, energy consumption and carbon emissions in the region.