Compositional Study of Indian Five Rupee Coin by EDXRF Technique
Energy dispersive X-ray Fluorescence technique has been used to study five rupee indian coins of years 1992,1993,1994,1999,2009,2010,2011 and 2012 for their material/ elemental compositions. EDX-720 spectrometer provided with X-ray tube and Si(Li) detector having energy resolution 165 eV at 5.9KeV Mn K X-ray. Different metal compositions like Cupro-Nickel, NickelBrass and Ferritic Stainless-Steel (FSS) with traces of Mn, Cr, S, Si, Cl have been found in present investigation. Modern coins are found with amendment in composition that replaces Cupro-Nickel, Nickel-Brass. Variation in weights of coins have been observed from 9 to 6 gm.
Analysis of some coins by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and high energy particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) techniques
Abstract 15 Indian coins have been analysed with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) and high energy particle induced X-ray emission (PIXE) techniques. A comparison of the analysis shows that the results obtained by these two techniques are in good agreement with each other.
Interpolated Dirac-Fock values of L-subshell x-ray emission rates including overlap and exchange effects
Published theoretical L x-ray emission rates based upon a fixed atomic potential cover the atomic number range Z = 4 to 94. However, the presumably more accurate calculations employing different initial- and final-state potentials have been done for only 21 values of Z. The ratio of these two rates for each electric dipole transition as a function of Z is fitted using polynomials in piece-wise fashion. The fixed-potential emission rates are then renormalized by these interpolated ratios to provide equivalent two-potential rates. The errors incurred are generally under 0.2%.