The impact of magnetoelasticity on structural phase transitions in cubic ferromagnets
Influence of the magnetoelastic interaction on the structural phase transitions in cubic ferromagnets is investigated on the basis of a Ginzburg-Landau theory. It is shown that for the case of a positive magnetic anisotropy constant the structural phase transitions are not accompanied by a spin-reorientation. In the magnetic state the high-temperature phase has small deformations caused by the magnetostriction. For the case of a strong magnetoelastic coupling these deformations lead to vanishing of the first order structural transitions. Corresponding critical points are determined. Due to the magnetoelastic interaction a first order magnetic phase transition can occur simultaneously with a structural first order transformation. The constrained theory allows to calculate a realistic (T,x)-phase diagram for Ni2+xMn1−xGa alloys. 64.10.+h, 64.70.Kb, 75.30.Gw, 75.80.+q Typeset using REVTEX 1
The Landau theory of phase transitions: A mechanical analog
The Landau theory of phase transitions occupies a centerpiece position in physics. We illustrate the theory by a pedagogical example at the pre-university level. In the example a bead of mass is threaded on a ring which is set rotating about a vertical diameter. The dynamics of the bead mimics key features of the Landau theory.
Evolution of carbide precipitates in Hastelloy N joints during welding and post weld heat treatment
Abstract The effects of welding and post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the morphology, composition and lattice parameter of the precipitates in the welding joints of Hastelloy N alloy have been investigated. Joint samples were prepared using a gas tungsten arc welding process with ERNiMo-2 fillers, and then solid-solution treated at 1100 °C for 20 min. After welding, eutectic M6C carbides can be observed in the heat affected zones (HAZ) and weld zones (WZ). These eutectic M6C carbides become spheroidized during the following PWHT. The concentration of Si decreases during the transformation from the primary ones to eutectic ones, and then increases during the spheroidizing process. The total concentration of Si + Cr in M6C carbides remains stable during welding and PWHT. At the same time, the heat leads to the outward diffusion of Mo from the M6C carbides, which results in a decrease of the lattice parameter.