To prevent another world war : truth detection
The argument is simple: given matched power, at any level from maximal armament to none at all, opposing nations will resort to actual warfare overwhelmingly as a result of mistrust of the other or of misunderstanding resulting from false information-either suspected or actual. My solution is to insure that public or other official statements made by key figures are indeed true. This can be done with available lie detection techniques if national leaders will submit to them. Given an agreement to try, the operational procedures and instrumental techniques could readily be tested and perfected in real life situations of lesser moment than international warfare.
CARDIO-RESPIRATORY VARIATIONS IN PERSONALITY STUDIES
In this paper on the study of personality we are especially interested in what might be termed the physical or physiological levels of integration. For years investigators in all fields felt that personality deviations might be explained on the basis of some disintegration or failure of the physical sphere. Thus, in the study of schizophrenia Mott, Southard, and Lewis held that there were actually brain changes which were important in the understanding of the process. Still later others felt that the endocrines were important, and thyroid was emphasized by some, adrenalin by others, etc., as influencing personality. Kretschmer and Wertheimer were interested in a physical type of constitution and Rich did considerable work in an attempt to correlate biochemical findings with personality types. At the present time there are some observers who are focusing their attention on colloidal chemistry. Jaensch and others are interested in capillaroscopy as an aid in the study of personality deviates. Pilocarpin and adrenalin have been used in diagnostic tests, the distribution of calcium and potassium has been emphasized, and there have been many studies of the pupillary changes during psychoses or emotional disturbances. The claims for sodium amytal, cocaine, dial, and carbon dioxide in the study and treatment of schizophrenia, and the artificially imposed hallucinations and states of delirium produced by mescal, sodium amytal, hasheesh, scopolamine, morphine, and other drugs are well known. Since the literature is filled with references to contributions such as those mentioned, but which have no direct bearing on the investi-
BASAL METABOLISM IN MENTAL DISEASE
Recently, a number of studies of basal metabolism in mental disease have been published. These studies have been undertaken mainly with the endeavor to clear up, if possible, some of the disputed points regarding so-called functional psychoses. Recent studies of the endocrine glands and their effect on the emotional life of the individual have caused many to wonder whether or not such studies will serve to explain some mental disorders concerning which there is so much controversy. The study of the basal metabolism is considered by many to be a test of thyroid activity. It is well to point out that basal metabolism is affected not only by the thyroid gland but by other glands of internal secretion, such as the gonads, the suprarenals and the pituitary, and that there are many other factors controlling basal metabolism which are but little understood. Sleep produces a lowering of metabolism. The question