Static Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Pipe Strengthened with GFRP Laminates
This paper presents a study of reinforced concrete pipe with the application of continuous glass fiber reinforced polymer sheet (GFRP). The pipe material is considered to be composed of reinforced concrete and the pipe is strengthen by using glass fiber reinforced polymer sheet. The reinforced concrete pipe is analyzed with different layers of externally applied GFRP sheet. Analysis is carried out in commercially available ANSYS software. A finite element model is developed for the pipe wherein the material properties as mentioned are used. The solid 186 layered structural solid element has been used for discretization of the model. Two sets of GFRP sheets (4 layer & 8 Layer) were considered for the analysis. Results obtained were compared with the controlled pipe made up of reinforced concrete. Results are presented for simply supported boundary conditions for the pipe. The deformation and stress distribution across the pipe has also been analyzed
STRENGTHENING OF CONCRETE COLUMNS WITH CFRP
The use of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) materials for structural repair and strengthening has continuously increased in recent years, due to several advantages associated with these composites when compared to conventional materials like steel. This paper presents the results of an experiment at study on the structural behavior of reinforced concrete columns strengthened with carbon fiber sheets and strips in pre-cut grooves. The reinforced columns were strengthened before testing. The main tasks of these experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of additional strengthening of reinforced columns.
The microscale obstacle-resolving meteorological model MITRAS v2.0: model theory
Abstract. This paper describes the developing theory and underlying
processes of the microscale obstacle-resolving model MITRAS version 2. MITRAS
calculates wind, temperature, humidity, and precipitation fields, as well as
transport within the obstacle layer using Reynolds averaging. It explicitly
resolves obstacles, including buildings and overhanging obstacles, to
consider their aerodynamic and thermodynamic effects. Buildings are
represented by impermeable grid cells at the building positions so that the
wind speed vanishes in these grid cells. Wall functions are used to calculate
appropriate turbulent fluxes. Most exchange processes at the obstacle
surfaces are considered in MITRAS, including turbulent and radiative
processes, in order to obtain an accurate surface temperature. MITRAS is also
able to simulate the effect of wind turbines. They are parameterized using
the actuator-disk concept to account for the reduction in wind speed. The
turbulence generation in the wake of a wind turbine is parameterized by
adding an additional part to the turbulence mechanical production term in the
turbulent kinetic energy equation. Effects of trees are considered
explicitly, including the wind speed reduction, turbulence production, and
dissipation due to drag forces from plant foliage elements, as well as the
radiation absorption and shading. The paper provides not only
documentation of the model dynamics and numerical framework but also a solid
foundation for future microscale model extensions.
