On the thermo-mechanical events during friction surfacing of high speed steels
This paper is concerned with the friction surfacing of high-speed steels, BM2, BT15 and ASP30 onto plain carbon steel plate. The events that the matrix and carbides experience as the coating material pass from the coating rod to the substrate, in forming the coating, is described. The coating is observed to harden automatically within a few seconds of being deposited onto the cold substrate. This autohardening is observed to be an inherent feature of the friction surfacing process and the only post-coating heat treatment required is tempering, as with traditionally hardened high-speed steels. The mechanism of autohardening is discussed in terms of the mechtrode/coating/substrate thermal system.
Chapter 1 Surface Modification by Friction Based Processes
Surface engineering includes a wide range of processes, tailoring chemical and structural properties in a thin surface layer of the substrate, by modifying the existing surface to a depth of 0.001 to 1.0 mm such as: ion implantation, sputtering to weld hardfacings and other cladding processes, producing typically 1 20 mm thick coatings, usually for wear and corrosion resistance and repairing damaged parts. Other deposition processes, such as laser alloying or cladding, thermal spraying, cold spraying, liquid deposition methods, anodising, chemical vapour deposition (CVD), and physical vapour deposition (PVD), are also extensively used in surface engineering. Hardening by melting and rapid solidification and surface mechanical deformation allow to change the properties without modifying its composition [1].
Teaching learning disability to undergraduate medical students
The education of doctors shapes their professional identity: who they are and how they practise. Where does the issue of learning disability fit in? What is it and of what factors should doctors in training be aware?

The training of medical students has been defined by the General Medical Council (