Kekuasaan dan Kekerasan
When states own power in a dominant position, do they tend to use violence? Is violence an instrument used by states to defend their power. To what extent the political system chosen by a state shapes the use of violence? This paper is aimed to anwer such questions. Compared to coercive communist, democratic-socialist, and traditional autocratic political systems, democratic political system has more persuasive power sources. But is there a guarantee that the democratic political system is sterile from the possibility of using violence by state?
Socio-Economic Violence Against the Post Revitalization Traders of New Dinoyo Market in Malang City
In this modernity era, the government does a lot of development revitalization as well as revitalizing the New Dinoyo Traditional Market in Malang City. This traditional market improvement is intended to improve the welfare of traditional market traders and beautify the urban layout. The improvement of the Dinoyo market has actually been carried out for a long time which made the traders relocated to Merjosari Market, Malang City. After years of the project are completed, the Merjosari market is destroyed and traders are relocated to various markets such as the New Dinoyo Market which has been completed. However, the transfer of the market causes various kinds of socioeconomic problems. The purpose of this study is to find out how violence experienced by traders of the New Dinoyo Market, after being relocated to the New Dinoyo Market, Malang City. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with observation, interview, and documentation techniques carried out directly in the field. The results shows that the relocation of traders to the New Dinoyo Market has an impact on socio-economic violence on traders both structural and non-structural violence. Keywords-Socio-Economic Violence, Market, Traders,
Achievements and contradictions of the Peruvian agrarian reform
Different paths of transition to capitalist agriculture, as well as different types of agrarian reform, can be distinguished. The Peruvian agrarian reform is analysed within this context and evaluated in terms of its contribution to rural development. The Peruvian case underlines the importance of understanding the rationality of the pre‐existent agrarian system for a successful restructuring of the agrarian economy and society. The contradictions which arose between the State's model and the peasants’ model of agrarian reform, as well as those between different types of peasants, are discussed. Peru's experience is also a reminder that a land reform is not a sufficient condition for rural development unless accompanied by proper price, marketing, credit and investment policies.