The Integration of Cultural Considerations in EU Law and Policies
Drawing on a series of EC policy areas that possess a cultural component, this book offers an encompassing and in-depth analysis of the integration of cultural considerations in EC law and action, assessing the impact of Article 151(4) EC in the process.
Member State Interests and EU Internal Market Law
The aim of this paper is to show to what degree Member States’ choices in pursuing their national interest is limited by EU internal market law. Additionally, the question is raised whether the EU legal framework is apt to accommodate measures emanating from diverse social, cultural and political settings at the national level. The present study seeks to improve our understanding of the capacity of the European Union to tackle particularistic Member State behaviour. It argues in line with other academics that the current extensive reach of internal market rules as developed by the Court of Justice should be rolled back in order to preserve more room for national public policy choices. On the other hand, the paper takes note of the fact that drawing a precise line between legitimate national policy measures and hidden regulatory or other protectionism is a difficult exercise.
The Categorical Stability of Gambling Motives Among Community-Recruited Gamblers: A Longitudinal Assessment
Over the past decade, several motivational models have been proposed to explain the role of motives in gambling disorder. In the model captured by the four-factor Gambling Motives Questionnaire Financial (GMQ-F), gamblers are described as being primarily motivated to gamble for ‘coping’, ‘enhancement’, ‘social’, and ‘financial’ reasons. Although this model has received significant empirical support; to date, research assessing the role of motives in gambling disorder has been primarily cross-sectional in nature. Thus, the extent to which gambling motives remain stable over time has yet to be explored. In the current study, the stability versus fluidity of self-assessed gambling motives was investigated using the Quinte Longitudinal Study, a longitudinal dataset of gambling behaviour collected over 5 years. Gambling motives of 2795 gamblers were examined over all five annual assessments. The total proportion of gamblers who stayed in the same primary motive category across each of the 5 consecutive assessments was 22%, indicating substantial fluidity in category membership. Substantial movement between categories was seen for each GMQ-F group, as well as an additional group of non-classified motives. Logistic regression analyses suggest that greater resistance to gambling fallacies significantly predicted stability between the baseline assessment and a follow-up 1 year later, but gambling severity did not. Potential limitations in the study design and opportunities for future research are discussed.