Non-Demographic versus Demographic Determinants of “Buy Domestic” Activities in Two Nations
Abstract Multiple regression analysis of survey data from the U.S. and Portugal demonstrates that certain demographics make a moderate contribution to explaining Buy Domestic behavior. However, explanation of these reported purchase-related activities is greatly increased by adding constructs suggested by helping research, based on the premise that some purchasers buy domestic products to help domestic workers whose jobs are threatened by imported products. For both nations, the results show Buy Domestic activities increase with purchasers' older age, greater perceived empathy regarding threatened workers, and greater exposure to social norms that support helping. For the U.S. only, Buy Domestic purchase also increases with female gender and decreases with higher perceived costs of helping. For Portugal only, it increases with greater perceived ability to help the workers and stronger solidarity with the national in-group. These findings hold important implications for Buy Domestic marketers.
Patriotic advertising and the creation of the citizen- consumer
As the United States confronts political and economic turmoil, corporate marketers and political leaders encourage citizen-consumers to shop to keep the economy growing. The purpose of this study is to explore the relationship between consumption and citizenship in American culture and to understand how consumers make sense of buy-domestic advocacy and advertising appeals to patriotism. The study used semi-structured in-depth interviews to investigate how consumers conceptualize patriotic consumption; the ethnic, age and professional profiles of the 18 participants represented diverse voices and experiences. The study participants viewed the free market as an essential site for consumers to reaffirm core American values and citizenship. Whereas they believed that consumption had a positive collective impact on the economic system, they regarded saving as a self-centered practice. Framed by issues of corporate outsourcing and trade deficit, patriotism, rather than nationalism, is the driving factor contributing to consumer ethnocentrism, and consumers regard the purchase of domestic products as an altruistic helping behavior. 
 
   
 
  Key words: Patriotic advertising, consumer ethnocentrism, buy-domestic, citizenship.
Maternal correlates of children's vicarious emotional responsiveness.
Etude des relations entre les dispositions a la sympathie des meres et les reponses emotionnelles et le comportement prosocial de leurs enfants.