Recommended practice for emergency power systems in health care facilities
Chapter V of the White Book deals with the requirements and equipment which are recommended for health care facility emergency power systems and their operation. Suggested methods for system design, installation, testing, and maintenance are included. The main components of the emergency power system are the generator sets, automatic transfer switches, engine generator controls, engine cranking batteries, and battery charger. Additional equipment may include synchronizing and paralleling equipment for multigenerator set installations, utility peak demand reduction controls, elevator emergency power selector systems, and bypass-isolation switches for automatic transfer switches.
An analytical look at standby diesel engine/generator loading
Diesel engine/generators are complex systems which utilize different governors, voltage regulators, excitation systems, excitation support systems, and turbochargers. Even the engine and the generator have widely varying characteristics and ratings and are often matched differently for different applications. In sizing and specifying these units, the engineer should use `rules of thumb' cautiously. As many known factors as possible should be applied to the sizing and specifying process. In the future, the computer will probably be used routinely to predict diesel engine/generator response to dynamic loads.
Prediction of a representative point for rail temperature measurement by considering longitudinal deformation
Monitoring rail temperature is very important for determining the safe running speed of trains and to prevent buckling. In general, the maximum variation of the internal rail temperature can be >7 ℃ depending on the point of measurement. However, there is as yet no sufficient information about how to predict the measurement point to represent the thermal deformation due to temperature distribution. In this study, the authors report a new point, called the representative measurement point, at which the rail temperature can be measured. This point considers the average deformation of the rail through structural analysis by adopting experimental and actual rail temperature data. The authors designed and installed a measurement system similar to an actual rail environment. Using the system, various data were acquired (internal/surface rail temperature and weather data) for 10 months. On the basis of these data, an analysis was done to calculate the average deformation point through thermal analysis. Finally, the representative measurement point was proposed as the position at which the average deformation point converges regardless of weather or seasons. The authors believe that the method described herein is advantageous in that it could be used in a high-accuracy temperature-monitoring system and for predicting thermal deformation and buckling.