No One Shall Be Held in Slavery or Servitude: A critical analysis of international slavery conventions
Traces the development of slavery definitions in international agreements from 1815 to 2001. Overview of slavery definitions in international law; Historical analysis of the evolution of slavery definitions in international agreements; Analysis of the main characteristics of slavery in international agreements; Types of social theory that can be used in illuminating slavery; Discussion on the dimensions of slavery.
Human Rights of Roma and Travellers in Europe
Article reviews the thematic report on Human Rights of Roma and
Travellers in Europe (commissioned by the Commissioner for
Human Rights, Thomas Hammarberg), which is supposed to be the
first overview of the human rights situation of Roma and
Travellers in all member states of the Council of Europe. It
focuses mainly on the following areas: racially motivated
violence against Roma and Travellers, the treatment of Roma and
Travellers by law enforcement and judicial authorities
(including ethnic profiling in the context of the movement of
Roma across international borders), disproportionate subjection
to arbitrary detention measures, Roma and trafficking in human
beings, statelessness and difficulties Roma face in applying
for asylum in other EU states (including a problem of the
‘tolerated’ (gedulget) status).
The Legal Nature and Punishment of Criminal Acts of Violence Contrary to the Laws of War
On January 13, 1942, eight governments-in-exile and the Free French National Committee adopted at London a resolution which pledges them to postwar punishment of every person guilty and responsible for certain criminal acts of violence committed by the German armies and their accomplices in occupied territories contrary to the law of war as formulated, in particular in the Fourth Hague Convention of 1907 concerning land warfare, or as generally understood by the civilized world. Several of the signers of this document spoke of the acts in question as social or international crimes and intimated that new legal conceptions would govern responsibility for and punishment of them. It seems opportune, therefore, to reexamine the established legal principles relating to these issues and to inquire whether any new rules of international law have been accepted recently with regard to the legal nature and punishment of criminal acts of violence committed by members of the armed services of a nation contrary to the laws and customs of war.