An investigation and identification of polysaccharides isolated from archeological specimens
SummaryPolymeric compounds have been isolated from archeological specimens (fragments of Central Asian paintings of the 2nd-19th centuries). A comparison of their IR spectra with the spectra of plant gums has shown that they are polysaccharides which have remained undestroyed for up to 1800 yr. In some cases it has been possible from the IR spectra and composition of the extracted polysaccharides to provisionally identify sourcherry or apricot gum, of which these polysaccharides were components.
CONTRIBUTION À L’ ANALYSE DES LIANTS, ADHÉSIFS ET VERNIS ANCIENS
Un schema analytique est propose pour l’ensemble des Hants, adhesifs et vernis anciens. Il interesse essentiellement la fraction des constituants peu ou non alteres par le vieillissemente. Quatre methodes analytiques sont utilisees successivement; les essais de solubilite, la spectrometrie d’absorption infra-rouge, la chromatographie en couche mince et pour terminer, la chromatographie en phase gazeuse. Les etapes s’enchainent de maniere que tous les types de materiaux soient envisages sans presomption. L’etude detaille l’identification des polysaccharides, des proteines, des cires, des resines, des goudrons, et des huiles susceptibles d’applications anciennes. La separation de divers melanges tels que cire et resine ou huile et resine est egalement envisagee. La methode est concretisee par son application a des analyses realisees a l’Institut royal du Patrimoine artistique, Bruxelles.
Degradable polymers : principles and applications
1. Why Biodegradable Polymers? G. Scott. 2. An Overview of Biodegradable Polymers and Biodegradation of Polymers S.H. Huang. 3. Degradation and Stabilization of Carbon-Chain Polymers G. Scott. 4. Techniques and Methods of Polymer Degradation S. Karlsson, A.-C. Albertsson. 5. Biodegradation of Aliphatic Polyesters Suming Li, M. Vert. 6. Starch-Polymer Composites C. Bastioli. 7. Polymers from Renewable Sources E. Chiellini, et al. 8. Sustainable Poly(Hydroxyalkanoate) (PHA) Production G. Braunegg. 9. Polyhydroxyalkanoates: Properties and Modification for High Volume Application I. Chodak. 10. Biodegradable Polymers in Medicine E Piskin. 11. Environmentally Biodegradable Water-Soluble Polymers G. Swift. 12. Plastics and the Environment J. Guillet. 13. Degradable Hydrocarbon Polymers in Waste and Litter Control G. Scott, D.M. Wiles. Subject Index.