Measure of Despair: the Syndicate for Commerce and Industry, the London Tribune, and German Foreign Policy, 1906–8
Based on fresh archival sources in Germany and Britain, this article offers new insight into the mindest of the German Foreign Ministry in the aftermath of the First Morocco Crisis of 1905/06. Eager to arrest the deterioration in the Anglo-German relationship and concerned about its fallout for US-German relations, the German Foreign Ministry, in league with twenty of the country's top financiers, took a radical initiative which resulted in Germany's largest expenditure, before the First World War, on influencing the press. The article closes with a transnational comparison, detailing a similar influence-buying scheme masterminded by a high-level British political wire-puller.
The case for continuity
Abstract This article defends a continuity position. Infants can abstract numerosity and young preschool children do respond appropriately to tasks that tap their ability to use a count and cardinal value and/or arithmetic principles. Active use of a nonverbal domain of arithmetic serves to enable the child to find relevant data to build knowledge about the language and use rules of numerosity and quantity.
Children's acquisition of the number words and the counting system
This paper examines how and when children come to understand the way in which counting determines numerosity and learn the meanings of the number words. A 7-month longitudinal study of 2 and 3 year olds shows that, very early on, children already know that the counting words each refer to a distinct, unique numerosity, though they do not yet know to which numerosity each word refers. It is possible that children learn this in part from the syntax of the number words. Despite this early knowledge, however, it takes children a long time (on the order of a year) to learn how the counting system represents numerosity. This suggests that our initial concept of number is represented quite differently from the way the counting system represents number, making it a difficult task for children to map the one Onto the Other.