Perfectionism and achievement goals revisited: The 3 x 2 achievement goal framework
Objectives: Perfectionistic strivings (PS) and perfectionistic concerns (PC) have shown different profiles with the 2 x 2 achievement goals in sport. Whether PS and PC also show comparable profiles with the achievement goals of the expanded 3 x 2 framework, however, is unclear. Design: Cross sectional. Method: We examined self reported perfectionistic strivings, perfectionistic concerns, and the 3 x 2 achievement goals in 136 junior athletes (mean age 17.0 years) Results: The results of structural equation modeling showed that PS were positively associated with task self and other approach goals and negatively with task and self avoidance goals. In contrast, PC were positively associated with task self and other avoidance goals and negatively with task and self approach goals. Conclusions: The findings suggest that PS and PC show different profiles also with the 3 x 2 achievement goals which may help explain why the two perfectionism dimensions show differential relations with achievement related outcomes in sport. HighlightsWe examined perfectionistic strivings (PS) and perfectionistic concerns (PC).Profiles were compared using the 3 x 2 achievement goal framework.PS and PC showed unique profiles.PS were positively associated with approach goals.PC were positively associated with avoidance goals.