Further Validation of the Social and Emotional Health Survey for High School Students
The Social Emotional Health Survey (SEHS) was developed with the aim of assessing core cognitive dispositions associated with adolescents' positive psychosocial development. Using a new sample, the present study sought to extend previous SEHS research by coadministering it with the Behavioral Emotional Screening System (BESS) The sample included 2,240 students in Grades 9 12 from two comprehensive high schools located in a major west coast USA city. A majority of the students were of Latino/a heritage (72 and had experienced disadvantaged economic circumstances (80 at school 1 and 68 at school 2) Confirmatory factor analyses supported the original SEHS factor structure composed of the first order constructs of belief in self, belief in others, emotional competence, and engaged living, which parsimoniously mapped on to a second order "covitality" factor. Complete factorial invariance was found across four groups formed by crossing gender (male, female) and age (ages 13 15, ages 16 18) Latent means analysis found several small to moderate effects size differences, primarily for the belief in self and belief in others first order latent traits. A SEM analysis found that the SEHS measurement model, including covitality was a significant negative predictor of psychological distress as measured by the BESS and was positively associated with students' end of semester grade point average. The discussion focuses on implications for conceptualizing the core psychological components of adolescents' positive quality of life and how schools can use the SEHS as part of a whole school procedure to screen for students' complete mental health.