Spectral clustering for non reversible Markov chains
Spectral clustering methods are based on solving eigenvalue problems for the identification of clusters, e.g. the identification of metastable subsets of a Markov chain. Usually, real valued eigenvectors are mandatory for this type of algorithms. The Perron Cluster Analysis (PCCA+ is a well known spectral clustering method of Markov chains. It is applicable for reversible Markov chains, because reversibility implies a real valued spectrum. We also extend this spectral clustering method to non reversible Markov chains and give some illustrative examples. The main idea is to replace the eigenvalue problem by a real valued Schur decomposition. By this extension non reversible Markov chains can be analyzed. Furthermore, the chains do not need to have a positive stationary distribution. In addition to metastabilities, dominant cycles and sinks can also be identified. This novel method is called GenPCCA (i.e. generalized PCCA) since it includes the case of non reversible processes. We also apply the method to real world eye tracking data.