LOve and aNger: The Grammatical Structure of
This article integrates grammatical analysis into the study of conceptual metaphors. Although the study accepts lexically based work in metaphors such as Lakoff's Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things, Johnson's The Body in the Mind, and Kovecses' Metaphors of Anger, Pride, and Love, it argues that these lexical approaches are insufficient to offer rigorous and complete analysis of cross reference mapping. It takes the hypothesis that lexis and morpho syntax are interdependent, presented by Langacker in especially Concept, Image, and Symbol and Grammar and Conceptualization and by Talmy in "The Relation of Grammar to Cognition" and Toward a Cognitive Semantics, and examines the grammatical structure of conceptual metaphors. The analysis focuses on two emotion concepts, rOMaNTic lOve and aNger. Firstly, the discussion demonstrates weaknesses in a lexically based analysis of conceptual metaphors by examining aNger. It argues that current approaches to the study of metaphors lack both sufficient means for the verification of results and sufficient tools for revealing the structure of those results. The discussion moves to resolve these issues by examining the emotion concept lOve. Instead of focusing purely on the lexical structure of the conceptual metaphor, it combines this with a study of grammatical structure. In doing so, it demonstrates how this grammatical evidence may help resolve problems faced by lexical analyses. Moreover, by drawing on the invariance hypothesis proposed by Lakoff in "The Contemporary Theory of Metaphor" and by Turner in "An Image Constraint on Metaphor," it reveals details of conceptual structure that are not visible in lexical analysis, further supporting the need to systematically integrate grammatical evidence into the study of cognitive semantics. Thus, by combining the invariance hypothesis and grammatical analysis, the study demonstrates that the internal structure of conceptual metaphors is more complex than is evident from lexical approaches typically taken in the study of these metaphors. 2. ?Anger is giving Birth: Verifying Co occurrence Purely lexical analyses of cross reference mapping do not offer enough scope for the verification of the results they produce. A lexically based study of concep