T Cells Expressing Anti B Cell Maturation Antigen Chimeric Antigen Receptors for Plasma Cell Malignancies
Introduction: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cells targeting B cell maturation antigen (BCMA) have shown activity in a case series of patients with relapsed or refractory Multiple Myeloma (MM) but feasibility, toxicity, and response rates of consecutively enrolled patients treated with a consistent regimen and assessed on an intention to treat basis have not been reported. We aimed to define the duration of disease, number of treatment lines, treatment course, extramedullary plasma cell tumor, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, FISH abnormal gene number, risk (combined FISH and second generation sequencing analysis) ,feasibility, toxicity, maximum tolerated dose, response rate, and biological correlates of response in patients with malignant plasma cell disease treated with BCMA CAR T cells. This trial is registered with ChiCTR, number ChiCTR OPC 16009113. Methods: Between March 10, 2017, and March 27, 2018, 28 patients (including 26 patients with relapsed or refractory MM, 1 patient with Plasma cell leukemia and 1 patient with POEMS) were enrolled and infused with BCMA CAR T cells. The CAR BCMA chimeric antigen receptor was encoded by the lentiviral vector and contained a murine anti BCMA single chain variable fragment, a CD8a hinge, the CD28 transmembrane regions and intracellular domain and CD3 z T cell activation domain. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from the patient by leukapheresis, and whole peripheral blood mononuclear cells were cultured and transduced. Patients received a target dose of 5.4 25.0x106 anti BCMA CAR T cells per kilogram of body weight after a conditioning chemotherapy regimen of cyclophosphamide and fludarabine. MM response assessment was conducted according to the International Uniform Response Criteria for MM. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was graded as Lee DW et al. described (Current concepts in the diagnosis and management of cytokine release syndrome. Blood. 2014;124(2):188 195. Results: Twenty six of 28 treated patients obtained remission. According to the expression rate of BCMA on the surface of plasma cells, all patients were divided into BCMA strong expression group (22 cases, BCMA expression rate 50% and BCMA weak expression group (6 cases, BCMA expression rate Conclusions: BCMA CAR T cell therapy is feasible, safe, and mediates potent anti tumor activity in relapsed/refractory Multiple Myeloma. All toxicities were reversible Our results should encourage additional development of CAR T cell therapies for other plasma cell malignancies such as plasma cell leukemia and POEMS. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.