Mental adjustment to cancer and its relation to anxiety, depression, HRQL and survival in patients with laryngeal cancer A longitudinal study
BackgroundUsing a longitudinal design, aim of this study was to investigate the relation between mental adjustment to cancer and anxiety, depression, health related quality of life (HRQL) and survival in patients treated for laryngeal cancer.Methods95 patients with Tis T4 laryngeal cancer were assessed at one and 12 months after start of treatment, respectively, using the Mini Mental Adjustment to Cancer Scale (Mini MAC) the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Study Group on Quality of Life core questionnaire (EORTC QLQ C30) supplemented with the Head and Neck cancer module (QLQ H&N35) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression (HAD) Scale. For survival analyses patients were followed up for a median time of 4.22 years from inclusion.ResultsThe most commonly used adjustment response at both occasions was Fighting Spirit. The use of adjustment responses was relatively stable over time. Correlation analyses showed that patients using Helpless Hopeless and Anxious Preoccupation responses reported more anxiety and depression, as well as decreased HRQL. Tumour site and stage showed no effect on adjustment response. Survival analysis indicated that use of a Helpless Hopeless response was related to poorer survival (HR 1.17, p 0.001).ConclusionThe relation between adjustment responses Helpless Hopeless and Anxious Preoccupation and anxiety, depression, HRQL and possibly poorer survival indicate that assessment of mental adjustment should be considered when planning treatment and rehabilitation in laryngeal cancer patients.
BMC Cancer