Contemporary Moral Arguments: Readings in Ethical Issues
=NEW TO THIS EDITION CHAPTERS 3 12 OPEN WITH AN INTRODUCTION, KEY TERMS, AND ARGUMENTS AND READINGS. EACH CHAPTER ENDS WITH SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER READING. CHAPTER 1: MORAL REASONING Ethics and the Moral Domain Ethics, Law, and Religion Moral Relativism Moral Arguments Reading and Evaluating Arguments Argument Exercises Key Words Summary Plato: The Ring of Gyges Louis P. Pojman: The Case Against Moral Relativism James Rachels: Can Ethics Provide Answers? CHAPTER 2: MORAL THEORIES Why Moral Theories? Important Moral Theories Ethical Egoism Judging Moral Theories Key Words Summary John Stuart Mill: Utilitarianism Immanuel Kant: Fundamental Principles of the Metaphysic of Morals Aristotle: Nicomachean Ethics John Rawls: A Theory of Justice Annette C. Baier: The Need for More than Justice CHAPTER 3: ABORTION 1. WARREN'S PERSONHOOD ARGUMENT FOR ABORTION Mary Anne Warren: On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion Stephen Schwarz: The Being in the Womb Is a Person Louis P. Pojman: Abortion: A Defense of the Personhood Argument Don Marquis: Why Abortion Is Immoral 2. NOONAN'S PERSONHOOD AT CONCEPTION ARGUMENT AGAINST ABORTION John T. Noonan, Jr. An Almost Absolute Value in History Michael Tooley: In Defense of Abortion and Infanticide Philip Devine: The Scope of the Prohibition Against Killing 3. THOMSON'S SELF DEFENSE ARGUMENT FOR ABORTION Judith Jarvis Thomson: A Defense of Abortion Francis J. Beckwith: Arguments from Bodily Rights: A Critical Analysis Rosalind Hursthouse: Virtue Theory and Abortion CHAPTER 4: DRUGS AND AUTONOMY 4. THE HARM ARGUMENT AGAINST DRUG USE James Q. Wilson: Against the Legalization of Drugs Douglas N. Husak: A Moral Right to Use Drugs 5. THE ARGUMENT AGAINST PATERNALISM Gerald Dworkin: Paternalism John Hospers: What Libertarianism Is CHAPTER 5: EUTHANASIA AND ASSISTED SUICIDE 6. THE AUTONOMY ARGUMENT FOR EUTHANASIA Ronald Dworkin, Thomas Nagel, et al. The Philosophers' Brief Daniel Callahan: When Self Determination Runs Amok John Lachs: When Abstract Moralizing Runs Amok 7. THE KILLING/LETTING DIE ARGUMENT James Rachels: Active and Passive Euthanasia Winston Nesbitt: Is Killing No Worse Than Letting Die? 8. THE SLIPPERY SLOPE ARGUMENT AGAINST EUTHANASIA Leon R. Kass: Why Doctors Must Not Kill Dan W. Brock: Voluntary Active Euthanasia CHAPTER 6: GENETIC ENGINEERING AND CLONING Gene Therapy Reproductive Cloning 9. THE BENEFICENCE ARGUMENT FOR GENETIC ENHANCEMENT John Harris: Is Gene Therapy a Form of Eugenics? Walter Glannon: Genetic Enhancement 10. THE OPEN FUTURE ARGUMENT AGAINST CLONING Dan W. Brock: Cloning Human Beings: An Assessment of the Ethical Issues Pro and Con Soren Holm: A Life in the Shadow: One Reason Why We Should Not Clone Humans CHAPTER 7: THE DEATH PENALTY 11. KANT'S RETRIBUTIVISM ARGUMENT FOR THE DEATH PENALTY Immanuel Kant: The Right of Punishing Igor Primoratz: A Life for a Life Stephen Nathanson: An Eye for an Eye? James S. Liebman, et al. Capital Attrition: Error Rates in Capital Cases, 1973 1995 12. THE DISCRIMINATION ARGUMENT AGAINST THE DEATH PENALTY Paul G. Cassell: Administrative Objections Bryan Stevenson: Capital Punishment and The Legacy of Racial Bias in America 13. THE DETERRENCE ARGUMENT FOR THE DEATH PENALTY Ernest van den Haag: On Deterrence and the Death Penalty Hugo Adam Bedau: Capital Punishment and Social Defense CHAPTER 8: WAR, TERRORISM, AND TORTURE War Terrorism Torture 14. THE PACIFIST ARGUMENT AGAINST WAR Douglas P. Lackey: Pacifism Jan Narveson: Pacifism: A Philosophical Analysis 15. THE SELF DEFENSE ARGUMENT FOR WAR Michael Walzer: The Legalist Paradigm John Howard Yoder: When War Is Unjust: Being Honest in Just War Thinking 16. THE JUST WAR ARGUMENT AGAINST TERRORISM Haig Khatchadourian: The Morality of Terrorism Michael Walzer: Terrorism: A Critique of Excuses Andrew Valls: Can Terrorism Be Justified? 17. THE TICKING BOMB ARGUMENT FOR TORTURE Alan M. Dershowitz: The Case for Torturing the Ticking Bomb Terrorist CHAPTER 9: PORNOGRAPHY AND FREE SPEECH 18. THE LIBERTY ARGUMENT AGAINST CENSORSHIP John Stuart Mill: On Liberty Nadine Strossen: Hate Speech and Pornography: Do We Have to Choose Between Freedom of Speech and Equality? Helen E. Longino: Pornography, Oppression, and Freedom John Arthur: Sticks and Stones 19. MACKINNON'S HARM TO WOMEN ARGUMENT FOR CENSORSHIP Catharine A. MacKinnon: Pornography, Civil Rights, and Speech Ronald Dworkin: Women and Pornography Wendy Kaminer: Feminists Against the First Amendment ECONOMIC JUSTICE: HEALTH CARE 20. DANIELS'S ARGUMENT FOR A RIGHT TO HEALTH CARE Norman Daniels: Is There a Right to Health Care and, if so, What Does It Encompass? Allen E. Buchanan: The Right to a Decent Minimum of Health Care 21. THE ARGUMENT FOR RATIONING BY MORAL WORTHINESS Brian Smart: Fault and the Allocation of Spare Organs Carl Cohen et al. Alcoholics and Liver Transplantation CHAPTER 11: ANIMAL RIGHTS AND ENVIRONMENTAL DUTY 22. SINGER'S "ALL ANIMALS ARE EQUAL" ARGUMENT Peter Singer: All Animals Are Equal Carl Cohen: The Case for the Use of Animals in Biomedical Research Immanuel Kant: Our Duties to Animals 23. REGAN'S ARGUMENT FOR ANIMAL RIGHTS Tom Regan: The Case for Animal Rights Mary Anne Warren: The Rights of the Nonhuman World Roger Scruton: The Moral Status of Animals 24. THE SUFFERING ARGUMENT FOR VEGETARIANISM James Rachels: The Moral Argument for Vegetarianism R. G. Frey: Moral Vegetarianism and the Argument from Pain and Suffering 25. TAYLOR'S ARGUMENT FOR THE EQUALITY OF ALL LIFE Paul W. Taylor: The Ethics of Respect for Nature David Schmidtz: Are All Species Equal? Albert Schweitzer: Reverence for Life William F. Baxter: People or Penguins? CHAPTER 12: ECONOMIC JUSTICE AND GLOBAL OBLIGATIONS 26. HARDIN'S LIFEBOAT ARGUMENT AGAINST AIDING THE POOR Garrett Hardin: Living on a Lifeboat William W. Murdoch and Allan Oaten: A Critique of Lifeboat Ethics 27. SINGER'S UTILITARIAN ARGUMENT FOR AIDING THE POOR Peter Singer: Famine, Affluence, and Morality Louis P. Pojman: World Hunger and Population