Recent progress in gas nanobubble electrochemistry
Bubbles are ubiquitous in many natural phenomena and industry processes, particularly in the water electrolysis. Due to the development of gas evolving electrocatalysis and energy conversion technology, a deep understanding of gas bubble behaviors at the electrode surface is highly desirable. This review summarizes the recent methodology and process for the study of gas nanobubbles at the electrode surface. We first introduce the electrochemical measurement of gas bubbles using disk nanoelectrodes and scanning electrochemical cell microscopy, and analyze the dynamic equilibrium for their stability. We then discuss the visualization of gas bubble behaviors from electrogeneration using scanning electrochemical microscopy and optical microscopy. Finally, the main challenges and future research concerning are proposed.