The immediate impact of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID 19) outbreak on subjective sleep status
Background An outbreak of the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID 19) has been ongoing in China since January 2020. The threat of infection affects the work and life of most of the population and may also damage sleep. This study aims to examine the subjective sleep status and mental health of the population during the peak of the COVID 19 epidemic. Method The data were collected through an online questionnaire with a sample of 5461 individuals in China from February 5, 2020, to February 23, 2020. Participants were divided into four groups based on their degree of threat from COVID 19: Group 1 was most closely associated with COVID 19, including inpatients diagnosed with COVID 19, first line hospital workers and first line management staff; Group 2 included outpatients diagnosed with COVID 19 and patients who developed a fever and visited the hospital; Group 3 included people related to Group 1 or 2, such as their colleagues, relatives, friends and rescuers; and Group 4 was the farthest removed from contact with COVID 19, covering the general public affected by COVID 19 prevention strategies. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ 9) Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD 7) and Acute Stress Disorder Scale (ASDS) were used. Results Threat degree of COVID 19 (groups) had significant correlations with insomnia, depression, anxiety, and stress (p 0.05, p 0.01) Age, gender, and area (Hubei province or other provinces) had significant correlations with insomnia (p 0.01) A total of 1380 (24.46% participants were suspected of having major depression based on the PHQ 9. Additionally, 1042 (18.47% participants were suspected of having generalized anxiety disorder based on the GAD 7. A total of 892 (15.8% of the participants had Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) according to the ASDS. The prevalence of clinical insomnia during the outbreak was 20.05% (1131) according to the ISI. The factors of satisfaction with the current sleep pattern and how perceptible the symptoms of the current sleep pattern are to other people (p 0.05) and the middle (difficulty staying asleep) and terminal (waking up too early) (p 0.01) factors of the ISI were significantly different across groups. A total of 1129 (20.01% participants spent more than one hour awake in bed. Conclusion The results indicated that insomnia is more severe in people who are female, young, living in the epicenter and experiencing a high degree of threat from COVID 19. As prevention and treatment efforts continue with regard to COVID 19, the general public has developed poor sleep hygiene habits, which deserve attention.
Sleep Medicine