Verbal violence experiences of adults with serious mental illnesses.
OBJECTIVE Trauma experienced by individuals with serious mental illnesses extends beyond physical and sexual abuse. This is among the first studies to examine verbal violence, both spoken and written words, experienced by individuals with serious mental illnesses. METHOD Fifty individuals diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum, bipolar, or major depressive disorder were recruited from community based mental health agencies and reported on their experiences with 8 types of verbal violence identified in the literature, or related written comments, including: belittling, insulting, name calling, teasing/embarrassing, threatening, cursing, or yelling. They also reported on the frequency of such events and the perpetrators. RESULTS 82% of participants reported at least 1 type of verbal violence in their lifetime and 66% reported an incident in the past year. The most common experiences were being called names, belittled, and insulted, teased, or embarrassed in front of others. Top perpetrators were friends and parents. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Verbal violence is a common experience with potentially devastating effects on mental health and well being, sense of safety, and recovery and community participation among adults with serious mental illnesses. It is plausible that such comments deserve being recognized as "violence" on par with physical and sexual assaults, although further research would be useful to expand our knowledge about their effects on health, wellness, and community inclusion. New interventions that prevent, lessen, and eliminate such violence, may also be advisable. (PsycINFO Database Record
Psychiatric rehabilitation journal