Pulse Width Modulated DC DC Power Converters
Preface. About the Author. List of Symbols. 1 Introduction. 1.1 Classification of Power Supplies. 1.2 Basic Functions of Voltage Regulators. 1.3 Power Relationships in DC DC Converters. 1.4 DC Transfer Functions of DC DC Converters. 1.5 Static Characteristics of DC Voltage Regulators. 1.6 Dynamic Characteristics of DC Voltage Regulators. 1.7 Linear Voltage Regulators. 1.8 Topologies of PWM DC DC Converters 1.9 Relationships among Current, Voltage, Energy, and Power. 1.10 Electromagnetic Compatibility. 1.11 Summary. 1.12 References. 1.13 Review Questions. 1.14 Problems. 2 BuckPWMDC DCConverter. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 DC Analysis of PWM Buck Converter for CCM. 2.3 DC Analysis of PWM Buck Converter for DCM. 2.4 Buck Converter with Input Filter. 2.5 Buck Converter with Synchronous Rectifier. 2.6 Buck Converter with Positive Common Rail. 2.7 Tapped Inductor Buck Converters. 2.8 Multiphase Buck Converter. 2.9 Summary. 2.10 References. 2.11 Review Questions. 2.12 Problems. 3 Boost PWM DC DC Converter. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 DC Analysis of PWM Boost Converter for CCM. 3.3 DC Analysis of PWM Boost Converter for DCM. 3.4 Bidirectional Buck and Boost Converters. 3.5 Tapped Inductor Boost Converters. 3.6 Duality. 3.7 Power Factor Correction. 3.8 Summary. 3.9 References. 3.10 Review Questions. 3.11 Problems. 4 Buck Boost PWM DC DC Converter. 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 DC Analysis of PWM Buck Boost Converter for CCM. 4.3 DC Analysis of PWM Buck Boost Converter for DCM. 4.4 Bidirectional Buck Boost Converter. 4.5 Synthesis of Buck Boost Converter. 4.6 Synthesis of Boost Buck (Cuk) Converter. 4.7 Noninverting Buck Boost Converters. 4.8 Tapped Inductor Buck Boost Converters. 4.9 Summary. 4.10 References. 4.11 Review Questions. 4.12 Problems. 5 Flyback PWM DC DC Converter. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 Transformers. 5.3 DC Analysis of PWM Flyback Converter for CCM. 5.4 DC Analysis of PWM Flyback Converter for DCM. 5.5 Multiple Output Flyback Converter. 5.6 Bidirectional Flyback Converter. 5.7 Ringing in Flyback Converter. 5.8 Flyback Converter with Active Clamping. 5.9 Two Transistor Flyback Converter. 5.10 Summary. 5.11 References. 5.12 Review Questions. 5.13 Problems. 6 Forward PWM DC DC Converter. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 DC Analysis of PWM Forward Converter for CCM. 6.3 DC Analysis of PWM Forward Converter for DCM. 6.4 Multiple Output Forward Converter. 6.5 Forward Converter with Synchronous Rectifier. 6.6 Forward Converters with Active Clamping. 6.7 Two Switch Forward Converter. 6.8 Summary. 6.9 References. 6.10 Review Questions. 6.11 Problems. 7 Half Bridge PWM DC DC Converter. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 DC Analysis of PWM Half Bridge Converter for CCM. 7.3 DC Analysis of PWM Half Bridge Converter for DCM. 7.4 Summary. 7.5 References. 7.6 Review Questions. 7.7 Problems. 8 Full Bridge PWM DC DC Converter. 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 DC Analysis of PWM Full Bridge Converter for CCM. 8.3 DC Analysis of PWM Full Bridge Converter for DCM. 8.4 Phase Controlled Full Bridge Converter. 8.5 Summary. 8.6 References. 8.7 Review Questions. 8.8 Problems. 9 Push Pull PWM DC DC Converter. 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 DC Analysis of PWM Push Pull Converter for CCM. 9.3 DC Analysis of PWM Push Pull Converter for DCM. 9.4 Comparison of PWM DC DC Converters. 9.5 Summary. 9.6 References. 9.7 Review Questions. 9.8 Problems. 10 Small Signal Models of PWM Converters for CCM and DCM. 10.1 Introduction. 10.2 Assumptions. 10.3 Averaged Model of Ideal Switching Network for CCM. 10.4 Averaged Values of Switched Resistances. 10.5 Model Reduction. 10.6 Large Signal Averaged Model for CCM. 10.7 DC and Small Signal Circuit Linear Models of Switching Network for CCM. 10.8 Family of PWM Converter Models for CCM. 10.9 PWM Small Signal Switch Model for CCM. 10.10 Modeling of the Ideal Switching Network for DCM. 10.11 Averaged Parasitic Resistances for DCM. 10.12 Small Signal Models of PWM Converters for DCM. 10.13 Summary. 10.14 References. 10.15 Review Questions. 10.16 Problems. 11 Open Loop Small Signal Characteristics of Boost Converter for CCM. 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 DC Characteristics. 11.3 Open Loop Control to Output Transfer Function. 11.4 Delay in Open Loop Control to Output Transfer Function. 11.5 Open Loop Audio Susceptibility. 11.6 Open Loop Input Impedance. 11.7 Open Loop Output Impedance. 11.8 Open Loop Step Responses. 11.9 Summary. 11.10 References. 11.11 Review Questions. 11.12 Problems. 12 Voltage Mode Control of Boost Converter. 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 Circuit of Boost Converter with Voltage Mode Control. 12.3 Pulse Width Modulator. 12.4 Transfer Function of Modulator, Boost Converter Power Stage, and Feedback Network. 12.5 Error Amplifier. 12.6 Integral Single Lead Controller. 12.7 Integral Double Lead Controller. 12.8 Loop Gain. 12.9 Closed Loop Control to Output Voltage Transfer Function. 12.10 Closed Loop Audio Susceptibility. 12.11 Closed Loop Input Impedance. 12.12 Closed Loop Output Impedance. 12.13 Closed Loop Step Responses. 12.14 Closed Loop DC Transfer Functions. 12.15 Summary. 12.16 References. 12.17 Review Questions. 12.18 Problems. 13 Current Mode Control. 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Principle of Operation of PWM Converters with Peak Current Mode Control. 13.3 Relationship between Duty Cycle and Inductor Current Slopes. 13.4 Instability of Closed Current Loop. 13.5 Slope Compensation. 13.6 Sample and Hold Effect on Current Loop. 13.7 Current Loop in s Domain. 13.8 Voltage Loop of PWM Converters with Current Mode Control. 13.9 Feedforward Gains in PWM Converters with Current Mode Control without Slope Compensation. 13.10 Feedforward Gains in PWM Converters with Current Mode Control and Slope Compensation. 13.11 Closed Loop Transfer Functions with Feedforward Gains. 13.12 Slope Compensation by Adding a Ramp to Inductor Current. 13.13 Relationships for Constant Frequency Current Mode On Time Control. 13.14 Summary. 13.15 References. 13.16 Review Questions. 13.17 Problems. 13.18 Appendix: Sample and Hold Modeling. 14 Current Mode Control of Boost Converter. 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 Open Loop Small Signal Transfer Functions. 14.3 Open Loop Step Responses of Inductor Current. 14.5 Closed Voltage Loop Transfer Functions. 14.6 Closed Loop Step Responses. 14.7 Closed Loop DC Transfer Functions. 14.8 Summary. 14.9 References. 14.10 Review Questions. 14.11 Problems. 15 Silicon and Silicon Carbide Power Diodes. 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Electronic Power Switches. 15.3 Intrinsic Semiconductors. 15.4 Extrinsic Semiconductors. 15.5 Silicon and Silicon Carbide. 15.6 Physical Structure of Junction Diodes. 15.7 Static I V Diode Characteristic. 15.8 Breakdown Voltage of Junction Diodes. 15.9 Capacitances of Junction Diodes. 15.10 Reverse Recovery of pn Junction Diodes. 15.11 Schottky Diodes. 15.12 SPICE Model of Diodes. 15.13 Summary. 15.14 References. 15.15 Review Questions. 15.16 Problems. 16 Silicon and Silicon Carbide Power MOSFETs. 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 Physical Structure of Power MOSFETs. 16.3 Principle of Operation of Power MOSFETs. 16.4 Derivation of Power MOSFET Characteristics. 16.5 Power MOSFET Characteristics. 16.6 Mobility of Charge Carriers. 16.7 Short Channel Effects. 16.8 Aspect Ratio of Power MOSFETs. 16.9 Breakdown Voltage of Power MOSFETs. 16.10 Gate Oxide Breakdown Voltageof Power MOSFETs. 16.11 Resistance of Drift Region. 16.12 Figures of Merit. 16.13 On Resistance of Power MOSFETs. 16.14 Capacitances of Power MOSFETs. 16.15 Switching Waveforms. 16.16 SPICE Model of Power MOSFETs. 16.17 Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors. 16.18 Heat Sinks. 16.19 Summary. 16.20 References. 16.21 Review Questions. 16.22 Problems. 17 Soft Switching DC DC Converters. 17.1 Introduction. 17.2 Zero Voltage Switching DC DC Converters. 17.3 Buck ZVS Quasi Resonant DC DC Converter. 17.4 Boost ZVS Quasi Resonant DC DC Converter. 17.5 Zero Current Switching DC DC Converters. 17.6 Boost ZCS Quasi Resonant DC DC Converter. 17.7 Multiresonant Converters. 17.8 Summary. 17.9 References. 17.10 Review Questions. 17.11 Problems. Appendix A Introduction to SPICE. Appendix B Introduction to MATLAB. Answers to Problems. Index.