Monitoring Health Care Workers at Risk for COVID 19 Using Wearable Sensors and Smartphone Technology: Protocol for an Observational mHealth Study
Background Health care workers (HCWs) have been working on the front lines of the COVID 19 pandemic with high risks of viral exposure, infection, and transmission. Standard COVID 19 testing is insufficient to protect HCWs from these risks and prevent the spread of disease. Continuous monitoring of physiological data with wearable sensors, self monitoring of symptoms, and asymptomatic COVID 19 testing may aid in the early detection of COVID 19 in HCWs and may help reduce further transmission among HCWs, patients, and families. Objective By using wearable sensors, smartphone based symptom logging, and biospecimens, this project aims to assist HCWs in self monitoring COVID 19. Methods We conducted a prospective, longitudinal study of HCWs at a single institution. The study duration was 1 year, wherein participants were instructed on the continuous use of two wearable sensors (Fitbit Charge 3 smartwatch and TempTraq temperature patches) for up to 30 days. Participants consented to provide biospecimens (ie, nasal swabs, saliva swabs, and blood) for up to 1 year from study entry. Using a smartphone app called Roadmap 2.0, participants entered a daily mood score, submitted daily COVID 19 symptoms, and completed demographic and health related quality of life surveys at study entry and 30 days later. Semistructured qualitative interviews were also conducted at the end of the 30 day period, following completion of daily mood and symptoms reporting as well as continuous wearable sensor use. Results A total of 226 HCWs were enrolled between April 28 and December 7, 2020. The last participant completed the 30 day study procedures on January 16, 2021. Data collection will continue through January 2023, and data analyses are ongoing. Conclusions Using wearable sensors, smartphone based symptom logging and survey completion, and biospecimen collections, this study will potentially provide data on the prevalence of COVID 19 infection among HCWs at a single institution. The study will also assess the feasibility of leveraging wearable sensors and self monitoring of symptoms in an HCW population. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04756869; https:/clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04756869 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1 10.2196/29562
JMIR research protocols