Visible light induced photocatalytic mitigation of ibuprofen using magnetic black TiO2 x/CaFe2O4 decorated on diatomaceous earth.
This study reports a facile preparation of black TiO2 x/CaFe2O4 (Ti3+ self doped titania coupled with calcium ferrite) an efficient photocatalyst for ibuprofen (IBP) oxidation under visible light irradiation. Compared with TiO2 x or CaFe2O4, TiO2 x/CaFe2O4 heterojunction displayed better photo oxidation performance, and their immobilization onto diatomaceous earth (DE) further increased the oxidation rate due to the adsorption ability of DE. The morphology, phase composition and other physicochemical properties of the composite were studied using different characterization methods. The effects of several parameters on IBP oxidation efficiency were studied, such as pH, IBP concentration, catalyst dosage, co existing ions, microplastics and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) Quenching experiment results demonstrated the roles of the following reactive species: hydroxyl radical, photo induced hole, sulfate radical and superoxide radical. The intermediates during IBP oxidation were determined by HPLC MS method, and their acute toxicity was studied. Furthermore, the plausible reaction pathway and mechanism were proposed.
The Science of the total environment