The ethics of war in Islam: A historical and analytical perspectives in early Islamic era (1 23 Hijri) Suhair Moh'd Daifallah Bataineh
The negative practices in fighting have nowadays become apparent and unquestionable. Therefore, researching and writing about the ethics of war during the era of Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him) and his caliphs Abu Bakr and Omar (may Allah be pleased with them) becomes a useful study that provides the people at present and in the future with examples of good practice to follow. This research aims to highlight the ethics of Islamic fighting that were practiced by the Prophet (peace be upon him) and his caliphs Abu Bakr Al Siddiq and Omar ibn Al Khattab (may Allah be pleased with them) The study followed the historical Inductive and analytical approach in the collection and study of the scientific material needed for this topic. The information related to this study was sourced from the Holy Quran, the Noble Prophetic Hadith, the Prophet's biography, and books of Islamic jurisprudence, history and nations. The study reached several conclusions. The most important of which is that fighting in Islam is based on ethical principles which the early leaders and soldiers of Muslim armies upheld and practiced among themselves and in their dealings with their enemies. Another important conclusion is that some movements which emerged later in some Arab countries, claiming to be Islamic in their cause, are in actuality not Islamic and are far from implementing the true teachings of Islam. The last conclusion is that the period of the rightly guided Caliphs was the most elegant throughout the history of the Islamic preaching (da'awah) the period that truly represented the consistency between the theory and principles of the Islamic fighting and the application, the methodology and rules of which were laid down by the Prophet (peace be upon him) and were followed by his companions afterwards.