A study on frequency of proteinuria and its determinants among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients presenting at tertiary care hospital of North India
Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the disease which has reached epidemic proportion worldwide. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is an important and irreversible microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus which is characterized by persistent proteinuria, hypertension and progressive irreversible decline in renalfunction. The present study was carried out to stratify proportion of diabetic nephropathy as reflected by proteinuria, according to duration of diabetes mellitus as well as to identify the possible demographic, anthropometric and hemodynamic risk factors for the development of proteinuria. This crosssectional study was conducted on 74 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Age, sex, height, weight, systolic and diastolic blood pressure and body mass index was recorded. 4ml of fasting venous blood was collected under aseptic precaution. Proteinuria was assessed semi quantitatively using dipsticks. All data is presented as Mean+ SD. Unpaired student t test was used to compare mean values of continuous variable. Total 37 out of 74 participants showed FPG 126 or more mg/dl out of which 22/37(59.5% showed no proteinuria but 15/37(40.5% showed proteinuria. Total 14(18.9% participants out of 74 were obese out of which 57.1% (8/14) did not have proteinuria while 42.9% (6/14) hadproteinuria. There was clear association seen in frequency of proteinuria with the duration of diabetes. 45% of patients who had diabetes for more than 10 years developed proteinuria as compared to 35.7% and 10% patients who had proteinuria for 5 10 years and less than 5 years respectively. Frequency of proteinuria in type 2 DM patients was 24.32% Predictors were BMI, FBG and duration of diabetes mellitus. Early measurements should be taken to control obesity, blood pressure and blood glucose to reduce the occurrence of diabetic nephropathy. Keywords: Proteinuria, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic nephropathy