Transcatheter Self Powered Ultrasensitive Endocardial Pressure Sensor
Changes in endocardial pressure (EP) have important clinical significance for heart failure patients with impaired cardiac function. As a vital parameter for evaluating cardiac function, EP is commonly monitored by invasive and expensive cardiac catheterization, which is not feasible for long term and continuous data collection. In this work, a miniaturized, flexible, and selfpowered endocardial pressure sensor (SEPS) based on triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) which is integrated with a surgical catheter for minimally invasive implantation, is reported. In a porcine model, SEPS is implanted into the left ventricle and the left atrium. The SEPS has a good response both in lowand high pressure environments. The SEPS achieves the ultrasensitivity, real time monitoring, and mechanical stability in vivo. An excellent linearity (R2 0.997) with a sensitivity of 1.195 mV mmHg 1 is obtained. Furthermore, cardiac arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation and ventricular premature contraction can also be detected by SEPS. The device may promote the development of miniature implantable medical sensors for monitoring and diagnosis of cardiovascular diseases.