Cultural Anthropology in a Globalizing World
BRIEF CONTENTS PART I INTRODUCTION TO CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY 1 ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE STUDY OF CULTURE 2 RESEARCHING CULTURE PART II CULTURAL FOUNDATIONS 3 ECONOMIC SYSTEMS 4 REPRODUCTION AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 5 DISEASE, ILLNESS, AND HEALING PART III SOCIAL ORGANIZATION 6 KINSHIP AND DOMESTIC LIFE 7 SOCIAL GROUPS AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATION 8 POLITICAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS PART IV SYMBOLIC SYSTEMS 9 COMMUNICATION 10 RELIGION 11 EXPRESSIVE CULTURE PART V CONTEMPORARY CULTURAL CHANGE 12 PEOPLE ON THE MOVE 13 PEOPLE DEFINING DEVELOPMENT CONTENTS PREFACE ABOUT THE AUTHOR PART I INTRODUCTION TO CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY 1 ANTHROPOLOGY AND THE STUDY OF CULTURE THE BIG QUESTIONS INTRODUCING ANTHROPOLOGY Biological or Physical Anthropology ANTHROPOLOGY WORKS Orangutan Research Leads to Orangutan Advocacy Archaeology Linguistic Anthropology Cultural Anthropology Applied Anthropology: Separate Field or Cross Cutting Focus? INTRODUCING CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY A Brief History of Cultural Anthropology The Concept of Culture Definitions of Culture Characteristics of Culture EVERYDAY ANTHROPOLOGY Latina Power in the Kitchen Multiple Cultural Worlds CULTURAMA San Peoples of Southern Africa Distinctive Features of Cultural Anthropology Three Theoretical Debates in Cultural Anthropology CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY AND CAREERS Majoring in Anthropology Graduate Study in Anthropology Living an Anthropological Life THE BIG QUESTIONS REVISITED Key Concepts Suggested Readings 2 RESEARCHING CULTURE THE BIG QUESTIONS CHANGING RESEARCH METHODS IN CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY From the Armchair to the Field Participant Observation AnthropologyWorks: What's for Breakfast in California? DOING FIELDWORK IN CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY Beginning the Fieldwork Process CULTURAMA The Trobriand Islanders of Papua New Guinea Preparing for the Field Working in the Field Fieldwork Techniques EYE ON THE ENVIRONMENT Inuit Place Names and Landscape Knowledge Recording Culture Data Analysis URGENT ISSUES IN CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY RESEARCH Ethics and Collaborative Research Safety in the Field THE BIG QUESTIONS REVISITED Key Concepts Suggested Readings PART II CULTURAL FOUNDATIONS 3 ECONOMIC SYSTEMS THE BIG QUESTIONS MODES OF LIVELIHOOD Foraging EVERYDAY ANTHROPOLOGY: The Importance of Dogs Horticulture Pastoralism Agriculture Industrialism and the Information Age MODES OF CONSUMPTION AND EXCHANGE Modes of Consumption and Exchange Modes of Consumption Modes of Exchange ANTHROPOLOGY WORKS Evaluating Indian Gaming in California GLOBALIZATION AND CHANGING ECONOMIES Sugar, Salt, and Steel Tools in the Amazon Alternative Food Movements in Europe and North America Continuities and Resistance: The Enduring Potlatch CULTURAMA The Kwakwaka'wakw of Canada THE BIG QUESTIONS REVISITED Key Concepts Suggested Readings 4 REPRODUCTION AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT THE BIG QUESTIONS MODES OF REPRODUCTION The Foraging Mode of Reproduction The Agricultural Mode of Reproduction CULTURAMA The Old Order Amish of the United States and Canada The Industrial/Informatics Mode of Reproduction CULTURE AND FERTILITY Sexual Intercourse ANTHROPOLOGY WORKS Studying Sexual Behavior Among MSM in New York City Fertility Decision Making Fertility Control Infanticide PERSONALITY AND THE LIFE CYCLE Birth, Infancy, and Childhood Socialization during Childhood Adolescence and Identity CRITICAL THINKING Cultural Relativism and Female Genital Cutting Adulthood THE BIG QUESTIONS REVISITED Key Concepts Suggested Readings 5 DISEASE, ILLNESS, AND HEALING THE BIG QUESTIONS ETHNOMEDICINE Defining and Classifying Health Problems Ethno Etiologies Healing Ways EYE ON THE ENVIRONMENT Local Botanical Knowledge and Child Health in the THREE THEORETICAL APPROACHES The Ecological/Epidemiological Approach The Interpretivist Approach Critical Medical Anthropology GLOBALIZATION AND CHANGE New Infectious Diseases Diseases of Development Medical Pluralism CULTURAMA The Sherpa of Nepal Applied Medical Anthropology ANTHROPOLOGY WORKS Delivering Health Care in Rural Haiti THE BIG QUESTIONS REVISITED Key Concepts Suggested Readings PART III SOCIAL ORGANIZATION 123 6 KINSHIP AND DOMESTIC LIFE THE BIG QUESTIONS HOW CULTURES CREATE KINSHIP Studying Kinship: From Formal Analysis to Kinship in Action Descent EVERYDAY ANTHROPOLOGY What's in a Name? CULTURAMA The Minangkabau of Indonesia Sharing Marriage HOUSEHOLDS AND DOMESTIC LIFE The Household: Variations on a Theme Intrahousehold Dynamics ANTHROPOLOGY WORKS Ethnography for Preventing Wife Abuse in Rural Kentucky CHANGING KINSHIP AND HOUSEHOLD DYNAMICS Change in Descent Change in Marriage Changing Households THE BIG QUESTIONS REVISITED Key Concepts Suggested Readings 7 SOCIAL GROUPS AND SOCIAL STRATIFICATION THE BIG QUESTIONS SOCIAL GROUPS Friendship EVERYDAY ANTHROPOLOGY Making Friends Clubs and Fraternities Countercultural Groups Cooperatives SOCIAL STRATIFICATION Achieved Status: Class Ascribed Status: "Race," Ethnicity, Gender, and Caste CULTURAMA: The Roma of Eastern Europe CIVIL SOCIETY Civil Society for the State: The Chinese Women's Movement Activist Groups: CO MADRES New Social Movements and the New Social Media THE BIG QUESTIONS REVISITED Key Concepts Suggested Readings 8 POLITICAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS THE BIG QUESTIONS POLITICS, POLITICAL ORGANIZATION, AND LEADERSHIP Bands Tribes Chiefdoms States SOCIAL ORDER AND SOCIAL CONFLICT Norms and Laws Systems of Social Control Social Conflict and Violence CRITICAL THINKING Yanomami: The "Fierce People" ANTHROPOLOGY WORKS Anthropology and Community Activism in Papua New Guinea CHANGE IN POLITICAL AND LEGAL SYSTEMS Emerging Nations and Transnational Nations CULTURAMA The Kurds of the Middle East Democratization The United Nations and International Peacekeeping THE BIG QUESTIONS REVISITED Key Concepts Suggested Readings PART IV SYMBOLIC SYSTEMS 187 9 COMMUNICATION THE BIG QUESTIONS THE VARIETIES OF HUMAN COMMUNICATION Language and Verbal Communication ANTHROPOLOGY WORKS Narrating Troubles Nonverbal Language and Embodied Communication Communicating with Media and Information Technology LANGUAGE, DIVERSITY, AND INEQUALITY Language and Culture: Two Theories Critical Discourse Analysis: Gender and "Race" LANGUAGE CHANGE The Origins and History of Language Historical Linguistics Writing Systems Colonialism, Nationalism, and Globalization CULTURAMA The Saami of Sapmi, or Lapland Endangered Languages and Language Revitalization CRITICAL THINKING Should Dying Languages Be Revived? THE BIG QUESTIONS REVISITED Key Concepts Suggested Readings 10 RELIGION THE BIG QUESTIONS RELIGION IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE What Is Religion? Varieties of Religious Beliefs EYE ON THE ENVIRONMENT Eagle Protection, National Parks, and the Preservation of Hopi Culture ANTHROPOLOGY WORKS Aboriginal Women's Culture and Sacred Site Protection Ritual Practices Religious Specialists WORLD RELIGIONS AND LOCAL VARIATIONS Hinduism Buddhism Judaism Christianity Islam CULTURAMA Hui Muslims of Xi'an, China African Religions DIRECTIONS OF RELIGIOUS CHANGE Revitalization Movements Contested Sacred Sites Religious Freedom as a Human Right THE BIG QUESTIONS REVISITED Key Concepts Suggested Readings 11 EXPRESSIVE CULTURE THE BIG QUESTIONS ART AND CULTURE What Is Art? CRITICAL THINKING Probing the Categories of Art Studying Art in Society Performance Arts Architecture and Decorative Arts PLAY, LEISURE, AND CULTURE Games and Sports as a Cultural Microcosm Leisure Travel CULTURAMA The Gullah of South Carolina CHANGE IN EXPRESSIVE CULTURE Colonialism and Syncretism Tourism's Complex Effects ANTHROPOLOGY WORKS A Strategy on Cultural Heritage for the World Bank THE BIG QUESTIONS REVISITED Key Concepts Suggested Readings PART V CONTEMPORARY CULTURAL CHANGE 12 PEOPLE ON THE MOVE THE BIG QUESTIONS CATEGORIES OF MIGRATION Categories Based on Spatial Boundaries CRITICAL THINKING Haitian Cane Cutters in the Dominican Republic: A Case of Structure or Human Agency? Categories Based on Reason for Moving CULTURAMA The Maya of Guatemala THE NEW IMMIGRANTS TO THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA The New Immigrants from Latin America and the Caribbean The New Immigrants from Asia The New Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union LESSONS APPLIED Studying African Pastoralists' Movements for Risk Assessment and Service Delivery MIGRATION POLITICS, POLICIES, AND PROGRAMS IN A GLOBALIZING WORLD Protecting Migrants' Health ANTHROPOLOGY WORKS Mapping African Pastoralists' Movements for Risk Assessment and Service Delivery Inclusion and Exclusion Migration and Human Rights THE BIG QUESTIONS REVISITED Key Concepts Suggested Readings 13 PEOPLE DEFINING DEVELOPMENT THE BIG QUESTIONS DEFINING DEVELOPMENT AND APPROACHES TO IT Two Processes of Cultural Change ANTHROPOLOGY WORKS The Saami, Snowmobiles, and Social Impact Analysis Theories and Models of Development Institutional Approaches to Development CULTURAMA The Peyizan yo of Haiti The Development Project DEVELOPMENT, INDIGENOUS PEOPLE, AND WOMEN Indigenous People and Development Women and Development URGENT ISSUES IN DEVELOPMENT Life Projects and Human Rights EYE ON THE ENVIRONMENT Oil, Environmental Degradation, and Human Rights in the Nigerian Delta Cultural Heritage and Development: Linking the Past and Present to the Future Cultural Anthropology and the Future THE BIG QUESTIONS REVISITED Key Concepts Suggested Readings PHOTO CREDITS GLOSSARY REFERENCES INDEX