The Role of Glucagon Like Peptide 1 (GLP1) in Type 3 Diabetes: GLP 1 Controls Insulin Resistance, Neuroinflammation and Neurogenesis in the Brain
Alzheimer's disease (AD) characterized by the aggregation of amyloid b (Ab) protein and neuroinflammation, is the most common neurodegenerative disease globally. Previous studies have reported that some AD patients show impaired glucose utilization in brain, leading to cognitive decline. Recently, diabetes induced dementia has been called "type 3 diabetes" based on features in common with those of type 2 diabetes and the progression of AD. Impaired glucose uptake and insulin resistance in the brain are important issues in type 3 diabetes, because these problems ultimately aggravate memory dysfunction in the brain. Glucagon like peptide 1 (GLP 1) has been known to act as a critical controller of the glucose metabolism. Several studies have demonstrated that GLP 1 alleviates learning and memory dysfunction by enhancing the regulation of glucose in the AD brain. However, the specific actions of GLP 1 in the AD brain are not fully understood. Here, we review evidences related to the role of GLP 1 in type 3 diabetes.
International journal of molecular sciences