Hard carbon microspheres derived from resorcinol formaldehyde resin as high performance anode materials for sodium ion battery
Hard carbon is a good anode material for sodium batteries due to its disordered structures and large interlayer spacing. However, the high cost and low initial Coulomb efficiencies limit its large scale application. In this study, we introduce a new way to produce the resorcinol formaldehyde resin derived hard carbon materials by spray drying and carbonization methods. The SEM and XRD indicate that the hard carbon materials have fine spherule shape and larger layer spacing (d002 0.4 nm) With the electrochemical performance test, we confirmed that RFHC 1100 sample exhibited an outstanding reversible specific capacity of 321 mAh/g and high initial Coulomb efficiency of 82% at the current rate of 0.1 C. In addition, the sodium ion storage mechanism is analyzed through GITT. This work provides a simple and efficient way to convert resorcinol formaldehyde resins into high capacity hard carbon materials, which opens up new avenues for the preparation of anode materials for sodium ion batteries.
Ionics