PassBio: Privacy Preserving User Centric Biometric Authentication
The proliferation of online biometric authentication has necessitated security requirements of biometric templates. The existing secure biometric authentication schemes feature a server centric model, where a service provider maintains a biometric database and is fully responsible for the security of the templates. The end users have to fully trust the server in storing, processing, and managing their private templates. As a result, the end users' templates could be compromised by outside attackers or even the service provider itself. In this paper, we propose a user centric biometric authentication scheme (PassBio) that enables end users to encrypt their own templates with our proposed light weighted encryption scheme. During authentication, all the templates remain encrypted such that the server will never see them directly. However, the server is able to determine whether the distance of two encrypted templates is within a pre defined threshold. Our security analysis shows that no critical information of the templates can be revealed under both passive and active attacks. PassBio follows a "compute then compare" computational model over encrypted data. More specifically, our proposed threshold predicate encryption (TPE) scheme can encrypt two vectors x and y in such a manner that the inner product of x and y can be evaluated and compared to a pre defined threshold. TPE guarantees that only the comparison result is revealed and no key information about x and y can be learned. Furthermore, we show that TPE can be utilized as a flexible building block to evaluate different distance metrics, such as Hamming distance and Euclidean distance over encrypted data. Such a compute then compare computational model, enabled by TPE, can be widely applied in many interesting applications, such as searching over encrypted data while ensuring data security and privacy.
IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security