Fair future resource conflicts, security and global justice a report of the Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment and Energy
1 JUSTICE FOR REALISTS 1.1 Connective World The new vulnerability/ Levels of interdependence/Preventive justice 1.2 Divided World Distance among nations/ Inequality within/The drift of world poverty 1.3 Finite World What are limits?/Signs of overshoot 1.4 Justice in an Age of Limits 3x environmental justice/The dilemma of catching up 2 UNEQUAL SHARES 2.1 The Triad of Omnivores Geographical distribution of resources/Comparative appropriation/Distribution of damages 2.2 Unequal Ecological Exchange The triad and their "colonies"/Ecological trade balance/Rich country illusion 2.3 The Newcomers and their aspirations The new consumer countries/Global cities and their hinterland/The new consumer class 3 ARENAS OF APPROPRIATION 3.1 Geopolitics: the Hand on the Oil Spheres of control/Mid term depletion point/More demand, less supply/Exit as security strategy 3.2 Foreign Trade: Appropriation of Land Export vs. Subsistence/Marginalization of farmers and land/Migration in whose benefit?/A distortion of free trade 3.3 Investments: Diversion of Water Caputered water/Virtual water/Polluted water/Lucrative water 3.4 International Law: Patents on Plants Rise of biopiracy/hose knowledge?/Disputes between institutions/Treaties and interests 4 PARADIGMS OF RESOURCE JUSTICE 4.1 Long Distance Ethics Interest in security/ Interest in self respect/Interest in cosmopolitanism 4.2 Recognition and Redistribution Justice as recognition/Justice as redistribution 4.3 Protecting Livelihood Rights Natural spaces and human rights/Human rights, human duties 4.4 Cutting Back Resource Claims Egalitarianism as an exception/Subsistence before affluence/ Freedom before Overconsumption 4.5 Making Exchange Equitable Value, added and creamed off/Learning from fair trade 4.6 Redressing Disadvantages Common but differentiated responsibilities/Ecological debt 5 FAIR WEALTH 5.1 Contraction and Convergence Coming down and climbing up/Resource consumption and welfare 5.2 Descent from High Consumption Efficiency, consistency, sufficiency/Energy for example/ Transport for example 5.3 Ecological Leapfrogging Distributed energy/ Mobility without car dependence/Regenerative agriculture/Are multilateral finance institutions helpful? 6 GOVERNANCE FOR ECOLOGY AND FAIRNESS 6.1 Equity in the Greenhouse Molecules and human rights/ hares of the atmosphere/A cheque per head 6.2 Fairness and Diversity Sovereignty as shield/ Rights of local communities 6.3 Fair Trade Instead of Free Trade Development rights ahead of market access/Human rights ahead of market access/Environmental rights ahead of market access/Approaches for reinventing the WTO 6.4 Civic Duties for Corporations Beyond the balance sheet/How useful are voluntary standards?/Responsible to the world society 7 WHAT IS EUROPE WORTH? 7.1 Make law not war Kyoto and what else? Farewell from Marrakech/Alliances for a fair future Endnotes, References