From Self Construal to Threat Appraisal: Understanding Cultural Differences in Social Anxiety Between Asian Americans and European Americans
Objective: Abundant research has shown that Asian Americans tend to score higher on standardized social anxiety measures than do European Americans. The current study explored how this cultural difference in social anxiety may be explained by cultural differences in self construals and threat appraisal between Asian Americans and European Americans. Method: Participants were 310 Asian Americans and 249 European Americans recruited from a large university in Hawaii who completed questionnaires online in exchange for course credit. Using structural equation modeling, we compared a series of competing models in which cultural differences in social anxiety were specified to be mediated by cultural differences in self construals and threat appraisal. Results: Compared with European Americans, Asian Americans scored higher on measures of social anxiety, threat appraisal, and interdependent self construal, and lower on independent self construal. We found support for the mediating roles of both self construals and threat appraisal. Specifically, higher interdependent and lower independent self construal reported by Asian Americans were related to higher threat appraisal, which were, in turn, associated with higher social anxiety. Higher interdependent and lower independent self construal were also directly related to higher social anxiety over and above the influence of threat appraisal. Conclusions: These findings provide initial evidence on how cultural group differences in beliefs about the self in relation to others may shape what is attended to in a social situation, and contribute to cultural differences in subsequent affective response between Asian Americans and European Americans.
Cultural diversity ethnic minority psychology