Possibilities and Challenges for Artificial Intelligence in Military Applications
Recent developments in artificial intelligence (AI) have resulted in a breakthrough for many classical AIapplications, such as computer vision, natural language processing, robotics, and data mining. Therefore, there are many efforts to exploit these developments for military applications, such as surveillance, reconnaissance, threat evaluation, underwater mine warfare, cyber security, intelligence analysis, command and control, and education and training. However, despite the possibilities for AI in military applications, there are many challenges to consider. For instance, 1) high risks means that military AI systems need to be transparent to gain decision maker trust and to facilitate risk analysis; this is a challenge since many AItechniques are black boxes that lack sufficient transparency, 2) military AI systems need to be robust and reliable; this is a challenge since it has been shown that AI techniques may be vulnerable to imperceptible manipulations of input data even without any knowledge about the AI technique that is used, and 3) many AItechniques are based on machine learning that requires large amounts of training data; this is challenge since there is often a lack of sufficient data in military applications. This paper present results from ongoing projects to identity possibilities for AI in military applications, as well as how to address these challenges.