119240370
FOSSIL EVIDENCE FOR THE TWO-PHASE FORMATION OF ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES
Massive early-type galaxies (ETGs) have undergone dramatic structural evolution over the last 10 Gyr. A companion paper shows that nearby elliptical galaxies with M{sub *} {>=} 1.3 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup 11} M{sub Sun} generically contain three photometric subcomponents: a compact inner component with effective radius R{sub e} {approx}< 1 kpc, an intermediate-scale middle component with R{sub e} Almost-Equal-To 2.5 kpc, and an extended outer envelope with R{sub e} Almost-Equal-To 10 kpc. Here we attempt to relate these substructures with the properties of ETGs observed at higher redshifts. We find that a hypothetical structure formed from combining the inner and middle components of local ellipticals follows a strikingly tight stellar mass-size relation, one that resembles the distribution of ETGs at z Almost-Equal-To 1. Outside of the central kpc, the median stellar mass surface density profiles of this composite structure agree closest with those of massive galaxies that have similar cumulative number density at 1.5 < z < 2.0 within the uncertainty. We propose that the central substructures in nearby ellipticals are the evolutionary descendants of the ''red nuggets'' formed under highly dissipative (''wet'') conditions at high redshifts, as envisioned in the initial stages of the two-phase formation scenario recently advocated for massivemore » galaxies. Subsequent accretion, plausibly through dissipationless (''dry'') minor mergers, builds the outer regions of the galaxy identified as the outer envelope in our decomposition. The large scatter exhibited by this component on the stellar mass-size plane testifies to the stochastic nature of the accretion events.« less
2515645
The Black Hole Fundamental Plane: Revisited with a Larger Sample of Radio and X-Ray-Emitting Broad-Line AGNs
We use a recently released SDSS catalog of X-ray-emitting AGNs in conjunction with the FIRST radio survey to investigate the black hole (BH) fundamental plane relationship between the 1.4 GHz radio luminosity ( -->Lr), 0.1-2.4 keV X-ray luminosity ( -->LX), and black hole mass ( -->M), namely, -->log Lr = ξRXlog LX + ξRMlog M + constant . For this purpose, we compile a large sample of 725 broad-line AGNs, which consists of 498 radio-loud sources and 227 radio-quiet sources. We confirm that radio-loud objects have a steeper slope ( -->ξRX) with respect to radio-quiet objects and that the dependence of the BH fundamental plane on the BH mass ( -->ξRM) is weak. We also find tight correlation with a similar slope between the soft X-ray luminosity and broad emission-line luminosity for both radio-loud and radio-quiet AGNs, which implies that their soft X-ray emission is unbeamed and probably related to the accretion process. With the current larger sample, we find that there is no clear evidence of evolution for radio-quiet AGNs, while for radio-loud ones there is a weak trend in which -->ξRM decreases as the redshift increases. This may be understood in part as due to the observed evolution of the radio spectral index as a function of redshift. Finally, we discuss the relativistic beaming effect and other uncertainties related to the BH fundamental plane. We conclude that, although it does introduce scatter into the fundamental plane relation, Doppler boosting alone is not enough to explain the observed steeper value of -->ξRX in the radio-loud subsample with respect to the radio-quiet ones.
119196192
THE VERTICAL X-SHAPED STRUCTURE IN THE MILKY WAY: EVIDENCE FROM A SIMPLE BOXY BULGE MODEL
A vertical X-shaped structure in the Galactic bulge was recently reported. Here, we present evidence of a similar X-shaped structure in the Shen et al. 2010 bar/boxy bulge model that simultaneously matches the stellar kinematics successfully. The X-shaped structure is found in the central region of our bar/boxy bulge model and is qualitatively consistent with the observed one in many aspects. End-to-end separations of the X-shaped structure in the radial and vertical directions are roughly 3 kpc and 1.8 kpc, respectively. The X-shaped structure contains about 7% of light in the boxy bulge region, but it is significant enough to be identified in observations. An X-shaped structure naturally arises in the formation of bar/boxy bulges and is mainly associated with orbits trapped around the vertically extended x{sub 1} family. Like the bar in our model, the X-shaped structure tilts away from the Sun-Galactic center line by 20 Degree-Sign . The X-shaped structure becomes increasingly symmetric about the disk plane, so the observed symmetry may indicate that it formed at least a few billion years ago. The existence of the vertical X-shaped structure suggests that the formation of the Milky Way bulge is shaped mainly by internal disk dynamical instabilities.
118612358
THE CARNEGIE-IRVINE GALAXY SURVEY. III. THE THREE-COMPONENT STRUCTURE OF NEARBY ELLIPTICAL GALAXIES
Motivated by recent developments in our understanding of the formation and evolution of massive galaxies, we explore the detailed photometric structure of a representative sample of 94 bright, nearby elliptical galaxies, using high-quality optical images from the Carnegie-Irvine Galaxy Survey. The sample spans a range of environments and stellar masses, from M * = 1010.2 to 1012.0 M ☉. We exploit the unique capabilities of two-dimensional image decomposition to explore the possibility that local elliptical galaxies may contain photometrically distinct substructure that can shed light on their evolutionary history. Compared with the traditional one-dimensional approach, these two-dimensional models are capable of consistently recovering the surface brightness distribution and the systematic radial variation of geometric information at the same time. Contrary to conventional perception, we find that the global light distribution of the majority (75%) of elliptical galaxies is not well described by a single Sersic function. Instead, we propose that local elliptical galaxies generically contain three subcomponents: a compact (Re 1 kpc) inner component with luminosity fraction f 0.1-0.15; an intermediate-scale (Re 2.5 kpc) middle component with f 0.2-0.25; and a dominant (f = 0.6), extended (Re 10 kpc) outer envelope. All subcomponents have average Sersic indices n 1-2, significantly lower than the values typically obtained from single-component fits. The individual subcomponents follow well-defined photometric scaling relations and the stellar mass-size relation. We discuss the physical nature of the substructures and their implications for the formation of massive elliptical galaxies.
119264529
Next-to-leading order QCD effects in associated charged Higgs and W boson production in the MSSM at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
We present the calculations of the next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections to the inclusive total cross sections for the associated production of the ${W}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{H}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}$ through $b\overline{b}$ annihilation in the minimal supersymmetric standard model at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The NLO QCD corrections can either enhance or reduce the total cross sections, but they generally efficiently reduce the dependence of the total cross sections on the renormalization/factorization scale. The magnitude of the NLO QCD corrections is about 10% in most of the parameter space and can reach 15% in some parameter regions. We also show the Monte Carlo simulation results for the $2j+{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{jet}}+{\mathrm{p\ensuremath{\llap{\not\;}}}}_{T}$ signature from the ${W}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$ and the ${H}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}$ decays including the NLO QCD effects, and find an observable signal at a $5\ensuremath{\sigma}$ level in some parameter region of the minimal supergravity model.
18962230
Applications of Skyrme energy-density functional to fusion reactions spanning the fusion barriers
Abstract The Skyrme energy density functional has been applied to the study of heavy-ion fusion reactions. The barriers for fusion reactions are calculated by the Skyrme energy density functional with proton and neutron density distributions determined by using restricted density variational (RDV) method within the same energy density functional together with semi-classical approach known as the extended semi-classical Thomas–Fermi method. Based on the fusion barrier obtained, we propose a parametrization of the empirical barrier distribution to take into account the multi-dimensional character of real barrier and then apply it to calculate the fusion excitation functions in terms of barrier penetration concept. A large number of measured fusion excitation functions spanning the fusion barriers can be reproduced well. The competition between suppression and enhancement effects on sub-barrier fusion caused by neutron-shell-closure and excess neutron effects is studied.
118411931
Temperature dependence of single-particle properties in nuclear matter
The single-nucleon potential in hot nuclear matter is investigated in the framework of the Brueckner theory by adopting the realistic Argonne V{sub 18} or Nijmegen 93 two-body nucleon-nucleon interaction supplemented by a microscopic three-body force. The rearrangement contribution to the single-particle potential induced by the ground state correlations is calculated in terms of the hole-line expansion of the mass operator and provides a significant repulsive contribution in the low-momentum region around and below the Fermi surface. Increasing temperature leads to a reduction of the effect, while increasing density makes it become stronger. The three-body force suppresses somewhat the ground state correlations due to its strong short-range repulsion, increasing with density. Inclusion of the three-body force contribution results in a quite different temperature dependence of the single-particle potential at high enough densities as compared to that adopting the pure two-body force. The effects of three-body force and ground state correlations on the nucleon effective mass are also discussed.
124137012
Study of in-medium Delta Delta elastic scattering cross section
119197378
QCD resummation for light-particle jets
We construct an evolution equation for the invariant-mass distribution of light-quark and gluon jets in the framework of QCD resummation. The solution of the evolution equation exhibits a behavior consistent with Tevatron CDF data: the jet distribution vanishes in the small invariant-mass limit, and its peak moves toward the high invariant-mass region with the jet energy. We also construct an evolution equation for the energy profile of the light-quark and gluon jets in the similar framework. The solution shows that the energy accumulates faster within a light-quark jet cone than within a gluon jet cone. The jet energy profile convoluted with hard scattering and parton distribution functions matches well with the Tevatron CDF and the LHC CMS data. Moreover, comparison with the CDF and CMS data implies that jets with large (small) transverse momentum are mainly composed of the light-quark (gluon) jets. At last, we discuss the application of the above solutions for the light-particle jets to the identification of highly boosted heavy particles produced at the LHC. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.87.074025