8789806
SmartStretch™ technology VI. The impact of SmartStretch™ technology on the meat quality of hot-boned beef striploin (m. longissimus lumborum).
The impact of SmartStretch™ technology and ageing (0 or 14 days ageing) on the meat quality traits of m. longissimus lumborum hot-boned from adult cull cattle was assessed. Tenderness, as reflected in reduced shear force measurement, was significantly (P<0.05) improved in 0 day aged stretched samples over the non stretched samples. After 14 days ageing there was no longer any difference in the tenderness between stretched and non stretched samples and the aged meat was significantly tenderer than either the SmartStretch™ treated or non stretched meat aged for 0 days. Sarcomere length was unchanged by stretching. Presentation traits such as purge loss and fresh colour were unaffected by the stretch treatment, whilst cooking loss was significantly (P<0.05) increased by stretching and ageing for 14 days.
39274747
SmartStretch™ technology. IV. The impact on the meat quality of hot-boned beef rostbiff (m. gluteus medius).
The impacts on traits of the m. gluteus medius hot-boned from young cattle were assessed after stretching (SmartStretch™) and ageing (0 or 8 days ageing). Tenderness, as reflected in reduced shear force measurement, was significantly (P<0.05) improved in 0 day aged stretched samples over the un-stretched control. After 8 days ageing there was no longer a difference in the tenderness between stretch treatments. Meat aged for 8 days was significantly more tender than 0 day aged meat irrespective of treatment. Sarcomere length was significantly (P<0.05) increased by stretching. There was a significant (P<0.05) negative relationship between sarcomere length and shear force. Presentation traits, such as purge loss and fresh colour, were unaffected by the stretch treatment, while cooking loss was significantly (P<0.05) reduced by stretching in the 0 day aged samples.
35383077
SmartShape™ technology. Modifying the shape of the beef cuberoll and the consumer response to shaped scotch fillet steaks.
SmartShape™ is a novel meat processing technology that uses air pressure to compress and elongate whole cold-boned primals and packages them to retain form. A two stage study was conducted. The first stage established the ability of the SmartShape™ treated beef cube roll (m. longissimus lumborum) to retain shape in a commercial setting. Twelve hours chilling time following treatment was found to be adequate for steaks to retain their shape for up to 24h after slicing. Steak shape and size did not change substantially until after cooking, when the steaks looked less formed. In the second stage a survey was conducted of 421 consumers to clarify the response to the shaping of a subset of raw and cooked scotch fillet steaks. There was no difference in preference for shaped or control steaks. A secondary survey found that informed consumers were more amenable to the SmartShape™ scotch fillet steaks presented here, but would not pay a premium for them.
42040828
The Station Community Mental Health Centre Inc: nurturing and empowering.
INTRODUCTION
Consumer-driven community mental health services play an important role in rehabilitation, recovery, and advocacy in rural and remote Australia. The origins of services often lie in the need to provide options for people with mental illness and their carers when there is a lack of on-the-ground support. This article adds to the information about the strengths and limitations of consumer-driven mental health services by presenting the findings of an evaluation of The Station Inc. in rural South Australia. This consumer-driven mental health service provides a safe and supportive environment, social connections, and activities for its members (those with a lived experience of mental illness). Using a realist evaluation approach, the evaluation identified the contextual factors and the program mechanisms that produce positive outcomes for members.


METHOD
The evaluation was conducted as participatory action research with The Station members, volunteers, management committee members, and staff involved in all phases of the research process. Because of the complexity of The Station's functioning a realist evaluation using qualitative data was conducted to identify how the program worked, for whom, and in what circumstances. Twenty-five in-depth interviews were conducted with participants who were randomly selected from within the groups identified above. Interviews focused on The Station's role in assisting recovery from mental illness, the limitations and strengths of the program, and relationships with the mental health system. The Station's goals, policies and procedures, and the role of stakeholders were analysed in order to identify any links among these contextual factors, program mechanisms, and program outcomes. Qualitative data were entered into descriptive categories in N6 software (QSR; www.qsr.international.com). Data from the stakeholder analysis were entered into Microsoft Excel. Using an iterative approach to include the three data sets, a model was developed that identified important contextual factors that linked with two groups of program mechanisms that produced positive outcomes for members.


RESULTS
Program mechanisms are categorised by descriptive themes referred to as 'nurturing' and 'empowering'. Nurturing' is experienced as feeling of belonging and being accepted 'as one is' and 'empowerment' mechanisms engender a belief in oneself. Respondents identified features of The Station's program, policies, atmosphere, connections and networks, stakeholder relationships, and staff and volunteers that are nurturing and empowering. Five key contextual factors enable the program mechanisms to work. The Station's coordinators ensure that nurturing and empowerment processes are highlighted through careful facilitation. The governance arrangements, policies, and administrative systems at The Station are well developed but flexibly implemented so that they support the nurturing and empowerment processes. Support and legitimacy for the program is obtained from the mental health system at state and local levels. The Station obtains resources and connections to its rural community through key stakeholders and a peak organisation One Voice Network acts as an advocate.


CONCLUSIONS
Information about the benefits and limitations of consumer-driven mental health services in rural and remote Australia is in short supply. Increasing the available information about the contribution these services make may result in services being legitimised, understood, and resourced within mental health systems thus making the services sustainable. The benefits of consumer-driven services are that they provide flexibility and adaptation, an ability to capture the energy and passion of rural communities to improve the wellbeing of community members, and they overcome the power differential that exists between professionals and 'patients' or 'clients'.
3707230
Personality trait differences in boys and girls with clinical or sub-clinical diagnoses of conduct disorder versus antisocial personality disorder.
This study tested differences in personality traits measured by the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) in a community sample of adolescents with definite or probable conduct disorder (CD) diagnoses that did not progress to a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) by early adulthood (n=43), those with definite or probable ASPD that persisted into early adulthood (n=68), or controls with neither a CD nor an ASPD diagnosis (n=716) to examine whether antisocial behaviour disorders that differed in course were associated with differences in personality traits. As expected, boys and girls with ASPD were significantly different from controls on constraint, and those with ASPD were significantly lower on constraint than those with only CD. The results suggest that individual differences in certain personality traits may contribute to differences in the type of antisocial behaviour disorder that emerges and thereby to the course of antisocial behaviour.
40285365
The polypeptides of influenza virus. IV. An analysis of nuclear accumulation.
Abstract Two of the three major structural polypeptides of influenza virus A Bel accumulate in the nucleus of cells that support the production of infectious virus as well as those in which the cycle is abortive. The migration is uninfluenced by multiplicity of infection, or by the addition of cycloheximide or actinomycin D. The polypeptide of the nucleocapsid migrates relatively slowly, and is found mainly in the nucleoplasm, whereas the other arginine-rich polypeptide, which is of lower molecular weight, migrates very rapidly and is found mainly in the nucleolus. Two of the three major polypeptides of the paramyxovirus, Newcastle disease virus, also accumulate in the nucleus.
13643640
Driving anxiety and fear in young older adults in New Zealand.
BACKGROUND
driving anxiety and fear can have a marked impact on mobility and independence, although there is no data on the prevalence of this problem, and specific information about the rate of driving anxiety and fear in older adults is unknown.


METHODS
the present study examines the prevalence of self-reported driving anxiety and fear in a sample of 2,491 adults aged 55-72 from a longitudinal survey of health and ageing in New Zealand.


RESULTS
most of the sample (90%) described themselves as drivers who drove daily or weekly. Around 70% of the sample reported no driving anxiety or fear, yet 17-20% endorsed a mild and 4-6% rated a moderate to severe level of driving anxiety and fear. Women reported higher levels of anxiety and fear about driving than men, but there were no age differences. Those who reported some level of driving anxiety engaged various alternative modes of transport, and a small number (2.4%) reported that their driving anxiety had affected their usual activities or work for at least a day in the previous month. Duration of driving anxiety was highly variable, from relatively recent onset to being present for much of some participants' lifetimes.


CONCLUSION
driving anxiety and fear may be a significant problem for some young older adults that is likely to affect their independence and mobility. Further research to clarify the content and nature of driving anxiety, pathways to driving anxiety and the effect of factors associated with ageing on driving anxiety is needed in order to better understand this experience for older adults and develop effective interventions.
12250389
Letter: Evidence for non-repetitive subunits in the genome of Rous sarcoma virus.