41454725
ABPA or AFAA: That Is the Question.
33491888
Noninvasive ventilation in ARDS caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis: report of three cases and review of literature
22528299
Pulmonary hypertension as a presenting manifestation of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.
The case of a 46-year-old lady who presented with respiratory failure and pulmonary hypertension in the absence of clinical signs of asthma or bronchiectasis, and in whom a diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergilloma [ABPA] was made subsequently on the basis of radiological and laboratory investigations is reported. Symptomatic and objective improvement was seen with corticosteroid therapy. To the best of the authors' knowledge, such an occurrence has not been reported previously. This case highlights the importance of keeping a high index of suspicion while investigating a patient with pulmonary hypertension in whom the aetiology is not apparent on initial evaluation. Identification of the disease, in its early-stage, can prevent progression to bronchiectasis and fibrotic lung disease, and thus, patients can be saved from the morbidity related to end-stage disease.
3038618
Is the mortality higher in the pulmonary vs the extrapulmonary ARDS? A meta analysis.
BACKGROUND AND AIM
ARDS can occur from the following two pathogenetic pathways: a direct pulmonary injury (ARDSp); and an indirect injury (ARDSexp). The predisposing clinical factor can influence the pathogenesis and clinical outcome of ARDS. This metaanalysis was aimed at evaluating whether there is any difference in mortality between the two groups.


METHODS
We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL databases for relevant studies published from 1987 to 2007, and included studies that have reported mortality in the two groups of ARDS. We calculated the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess mortality in patients with ARDSp vs patients with ARDSexp and pooled the results using three different statistical models.


RESULTS
Our search yielded 34 studies. In all, the studies involved 4,311 patients with 2,330 patients in the ARDSp group and 1,981 patients in the ARDSexp group. The OR of mortality in ARDSp group compared to the ARDSexp group was 1.11 (95% CI, 0.88 to 1.39), as determined by the random-effects model; 1.04 (95% CI, 0.92 to 1.18), as determined by the fixed-effects model; and 1.04 (95% CI, 0.92 to 1.18), as determined by the exact method, indicating that mortality is similar in the two groups. The mortality was no different whether the studies were classified as prospective (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 0.87 to 1.51) or retrospective (OR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.69); small (OR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.77 to 1.60) or large (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.49); or observational (OR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.82 to 1.49) or interventional (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.79 to 1.19). There was methodological and statistical heterogeneity (I(2), 50.9%; 95% CI, 21.3 to 66.2%; chi(2) statistic, 67.22; p = 0.0004).


CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest that there is no difference in mortality between these two groups. Further studies should focus on specific etiologies within the subgroups rather than focusing on the broader division of ARDSp and ARDSexp.
26068481
Efficacy and safety of iodopovidone pleurodesis through tube thoracostomy.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of iodopovidone as an agent for pleurodesis through tube thoracostomy in patients with recurrent pleural effusions and pneumothorax.


METHODS
This was a prospective study in which pleurodesis was performed with a solution of 20 mL 10% iodopovidone and 80 mL normal saline solution infused through a tube thoracostomy and left in the pleural cavity for 4 h.


RESULTS
A total of 64 patients (34 men) with a mean (+/-SD) age of 47.1 +/- 15.4 years were included. There were 37 cases of pleural effusion and 27 of pneumothorax. A complete response (neither reaccumulation of fluid nor recurrence of pneumothorax) was obtained in 32 (86.5%) patients with pleural effusion and 25 (92.6%) patients with pneumothorax. A second procedure (i.e. repeated pleurodesis) was attempted successfully in four patients in the pleural effusion group. All patients experienced chest pain to a varying degree as recorded on a Visual Analogue Scale (median 50.5, range 10-95). Seven patients developed fever and one immunocompromised patient developed empyema following the procedure. There were no recurrences at a median follow up of 5 months (range 3-15 months) in the pleural effusion group, and 13 months (range 6-24 months) in the pneumothorax group.


CONCLUSIONS
Iodopovidone can be used as an effective and safe agent for (chemical) pleurodesis (through tube thoracostomy), which is inexpensive and readily available.
45999589
Noninvasive ventilation in acute heart failure.
1101762
Prognostic significance of between-arm blood pressure differences.
Blood pressure (BP) recordings often differ between arms, but the extent to which these differences are reproducible and whether the differences have prognostic importance is unknown. We enrolled 421 consecutive patients from a medicine and a renal clinic at a veterans' hospital. Three BP recordings were obtained in each arm using an oscillometric device in a sequential manner and repeated in 1 week. Patients were followed for all-cause mortality <or=7 years. The right arm had 5.1-mm Hg higher systolic BP that attenuated by approximately 2.2 mm Hg a week later. Systolic BP dropped 6.9 mm Hg over 1 week and by an additional 5.3 mm Hg in patients with chronic kidney disease. Accounting for the visit and arm effect improved the reproducibility of the BP measurements. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.74, which improved to 0.88 after accounting for visit and 0.93 after accounting for arm. The crude mortality rate was 6.33 per 100 patient-years. Every 10-mm Hg difference in systolic BP between the arms conferred a mortality hazard of 1.24 (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.52) after adjusting for average systolic BP and chronic kidney disease. BP differences between arms are reproducible and carry prognostic information. Patients should have evaluation of BP in both arms at the screening visit.
7400359
Inhibition of mouse skin tumor-initiating activity of DMBA by chronic oral feeding of glycyrrhizin in drinking water.
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra), a Mediterranean plant, has been used as an antidote, demulcent, and elixir folk medicine for generations in China. The main water-soluble constituent of licorice is glycyrrhizin (GL), which has been shown to possess several pharmacological properties. In this study, we show that oral feeding of GL to Sencar mice resulted in substantial protection against skin tumorigenesis caused by 7,12-dimethyl-benz [a]anthracene (DMBA) initiation and 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) promotion. The latent period prior to the onset of tumor development was considerably prolonged in GL-fed animals compared with animals not fed GL and resulted in significant decrease in the number of tumors per mouse, during and at the termination of the experiment. Oral feeding of GL in drinking water also resulted in inhibition in the binding of topically applied [3H]benzo[a]pyrene and [3H]DMBA to epidermal DNA. The possible mechanism(s) of the antitumor-initiating activity may be due to the involvement of GL as inhibitor of the carcinogen metabolism followed by DNA adduct formation. Our results suggest that GL possesses considerable antitumorigenic activity and could prove useful in protecting some forms of human cancer.
6650721
GFR, proteinuria and circadian blood pressure.
BACKGROUND
Hypertension is common, and arterial pressure rhythms are impaired in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Emerging evidence suggests that consideration of excretory function together with proteinuria may provide a more holistic assessment of the extent of derangement in renal function.


METHODS
To evaluate the independent relationships of estimated GFR and proteinuria with the mean level of and the circadian variation in blood pressure, we evaluated 336 patients, 184 (55%) patients with CKD (eGFR <60 or urine protein/creatinine >0.22) and 152 (45%) without CKD.


RESULTS
The mean level of systolic and diastolic BP increased with increasing severity of proteinuria as well as with increasing impairment in GFR. When proteinuria and eGFR were considered together in the same regression model, proteinuria-not eGFR-was related to the severity of hypertension. Non-dipping was present in 52% of those with eGFR >60 and 55% in those with no proteinuria. Non-dipping was seen early in the course of impaired GFR or proteinuria. Adjusted for proteinuria, the odds ratio for non-dipping in those with CKD was 1.71 (95% CI 1.03-2.84, P = 0.036). The odds ratio for non-dipping in those with proteinuria was 1.75 (95% CI 1.00-3.08, P = 0.049) when adjusted for CKD. A cosinor model that evaluates the midline estimating statistic of rhythm (MESOR) and circadian variation revealed that proteinuria was a stronger determinant of MESOR compared to the CKD stage; the CKD stage in addition to proteinuria did not further add to the determination of MESOR. The amplitude of variation was markedly blunted in patients with the earliest stages of derangement in kidney function whether it was assessed by proteinuria or eGFR.


CONCLUSIONS
These results demonstrate a graded relationship of proteinuria and eGFR with the mean level of BP and a non-graded relationship with circadian variation. Consideration of these two simple tests of renal function may better assist in gauging the severity of hypertension in patients with CKD.
44772256
The septospinal ligament in cleft lip nose deformity: study in adult unilateral clefts.
BACKGROUND
Septal deviation and alar cartilage deformities constitute an important component of both the aesthetic deformity and airway compromise in unilateral cleft lip nose deformity. The purpose of this study was to examine the retrocolumellar preseptal area in this deformity for evaluation of deforming forces in the adult population.


METHODS
Fifty-five patients aged 13 years or older presenting with unilateral cleft nasal deformity were included. The caudal border of the septum was accessed using an incision along the ipsilateral membranous septum. Perioperatively, the curved caudal septal edge was exposed and explored down to its attachment with the hypertrophied anterior nasal spine. The overlying tethering tissues were excised and submitted for histopathologic examination. The curved septal cartilage was straightened and the misplaced anterior nasal spine was excised. The remaining cleft nasal deformity was corrected depending on the specific presenting pathologic abnormality.


RESULTS
A well-defined, tough, fibrous band was detected extending from the deviated curved surface of the septal cartilage to the anterior nasal spine that was filling up the retrocolumellar area. Histopathologic examination revealed fibrous tissue in all cases studied, consistent with diagnosis of a ligament. Postoperatively, the nasal tip complex cosmetic result was considered to be good or very good in 89.7 percent, satisfactory in 8.1 percent, and poor in 2.0 percent of patients.


CONCLUSIONS
A well-defined ligament has been documented and demonstrated in adult patients with unilateral cleft lip nose deformity. The authors recommend that this septospinal ligament, previously unreported, should be excised in toto to achieve straightening of the septum, columellar centralization, and nasal sill symmetry in unilateral cleft lip nose deformity.
29270168
Circadian Blood Pressure Classification Scheme and the Health of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Background: In health, a sinusoidal rhythm is observed in systolic blood pressure (BP) that peaks (acrophase) during the waking hours (in-phase), but in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD) the acrophase is often observed during sleeping hours (out-of-phase). Yet in others the amplitude of the variation may be so blunted that acrophase may not be definable (phase-less). Circadian rhythms in systolic BP are often described by the dichotomous dipper classification but may not be adequate to fully characterize derangements in cyclical variation in BP. Methods: To compare classification of circadian BP variation by phase-based classification to dipper-status we examined the cross-sectional relationship of these classification patterns to several markers of health such as health-related quality of life (Kidney Disease Quality of Life Survey, KDQOL) and physical activity (actigraphy over 2 weeks). We also assessed the relationship of circadian BP variation with circadian variation in urine electrolyte and albumin excretion rates. Results: Among 103 veterans with CKD (97% men, age 69, diabetes mellitus 30%, eGFR 38.8 ml/min/1.73 m2) no differences were seen between dippers and non-dippers (n = 77, 75%) in eGFR, urinary Na and Cl excretion rates, or KDQOL. However, non-dippers had lower levels of physical activity and greater albuminuria compared to dippers. The same patients were classified to be in-phase (n = 36, 35%), phase-less (n = 19, 18%) or out-of-phase (n = 48, 47%). Patients in-phase had a higher eGFR and somewhat surprisingly also had the highest Na and Cl excretion rates compared to others. Those with out-of-phase systolic BP had the lowest physical composite score on KDQOL, the lowest level of physical activity, and the greatest amount of albuminuria. Conclusions: Among patients with CKD, circadian BP profile described by either dipper-based or phase-based classification is related to the level of physical activity and the severity of kidney damage. The circadian BP profile is related to overall health and nutritional intake only when using the phase-based classification. The value of these classification schemes to profile circadian BP will require longitudinal studies.