115852024
Measurement of the quantum efficiency of TMAE and TEA from threshold to 120 nm
Several existing and planned high energy physics experiments incorporate detectors which use either TMAE (tetrakis-dimethylaminoethylene) or TEA (triethylamine) as their photosensitive agent. Understanding the operation of these devices requires knowledge of the absolute photoionization quantum efficiencies and absorption lengths of TMAE and TEA. In an experiment performed at the National Synchrotron Light source at Brookhaven National Laboratory, we have measured these parameters from 120 nm to 280 nm. The quantum efficiencies were normalized to the known photoionization yields of benzene and cis-2-butene. The results of these measurements and details of the experiment are presented in this paper.
123273188
COMPARISON OF HIGH TRANSVERSE MOMENTUM PI0 PRODUCTION FROM PI-, K-, P, AND ANTI-P BEAMS.
We compare high-transverse-momentum (P/sub perpendicular/) inclusive ..pi../sup 0/ production from ..pi../sup -/, K/sup -/, p, and p beams, at 100 and 200 GeV/c, for center-of-mass (c.m.) angles ranging from 2/sup 0/ to 115/sup 0/, and P/sub perpendicular/ .. ..pi../sup 0/X)/sigma (..pi..p ..-->.. ..pi../sup 0/X) decreases with increasing P/sub perpendicular/, and changes dramatically with c.m. angle. Also, the ratios sigma (K/sup -/p ..-->.. ..pi../sup 0/X)/sigma (..pi../sup -/p ..-->.. ..pi../sup 0/X) and sigma (pp ..-->.. ..pi../sup 0/X)/sigma (pp ..-->.. /sup 0/X) are approximately constant. The measurements are consistent with a theoretical viewpoint in which constituents of the incident hadrons undergo a hard-scattering subprocess.
15057663
Linac Coherent Light Source Undulator RF BPM System
The Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) will be the world's first x-ray free-electron laser (FEL) when it becomes operational in 2009. The LCLS is currently in the construction phase. The beam position monitor (BPM) system planned for the LCLS undulator will incorporate a high-resolution X-band cavity BPM system described in this paper. The BPM system will provide high-resolution measurements of the electron beam trajectory on a pulse-to-pulse basis and over many shots. The X-band cavity BPM size, simple fabrication, and high resolution make it an ideal choice for LCLS beam position detection. We will discuss the system specifications, design, and prototype test results.
208651245
A Monte Carlo Study of the Irreducible Background in the EGRET In- strument
The diffuse extragalactic γ-ray background (EGRB) has been derived by various groups from observations by the Energetic Gamma Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) instrument on the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (CGRO). The derived EGRB consists of γ-rays that may come from astrophysical components, such as from unresolved extragalactic point sources (blazars, normal galaxies, etc.), true extragalactic diffuse emission, misattributed diffuse signals from the Galaxy and other celestial sources, and an irreducible instrumental background due to γ-rays produced by cosmic-ray (CR) interactions in the EGRET instrument. Using the Gamma Ray Large Area Space Telescope (GLAST) simulation and reconstruction software, we have investigated the magnitude of the irreducible instrumental background in the GLAST Large Area Telescope (LAT). We re-scale our results to the EGRET and present preliminary results of our study and its effect on current estimates of the EGRB.
15526014
Dark Matter Searches with Astroparticle Data
The existence of dark matter (DM) was first noticed by Zwicky in the 1930s, but its nature remains one of the great unsolved problems of physics. A variety of observations indicate that it is nonbaryonic and nonrelativistic. One of the preferred candidates for nonbaryonic DM is a weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) that in most models is stable. WIMP self-annihilation can produce cosmic rays, gamma rays, and other particles with signatures that may be detectable. Hints of anomalous cosmic-ray spectra found by recent experiments, such as PAMELA, have motivated interesting interpretations in terms of DM annihilation and/or decay. However, these signatures also have standard astrophysical interpretations, so additional evidence is needed in order to make a case for detection of DM annihilation or decay. Searches by the Fermi-LAT for gamma-ray signals from clumps, nearby dwarf spheroidal galaxies, and galaxy clusters have also been performed, along with measurements of the diffuse Galactic and extragalactic gammaray emission. In addition, Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes like HESS, MAGIC, and VERITAS have reported on searches for gamma-ray emission from dwarf galaxies. In this review, we examine the status of searches for particle DM by these instruments and discuss the interpretations and resulting DM limits.
117359671
Measurements of charged two-particle exclusive states in photon-photon interactions
A description is given of an experiment performed at the PEP electron-positron storage ring, using the DELCO detector, to measure the formation of charged particle pairs from interactions of pairs of virtual photons radiated from the colliding electron beams. The final states which are measured are electron-positron pairs, charged pion pairs, charged kaon pairs, and proton pairs. Electron-positron pairs are separated from other data by use of gas Cerenkov counters. The shapes of all kinematic distributions are found to agree with predictions of quantum electrodynamics. These data also are used as an accurate normalization for subtraction of the muon-pair background and for measurement of the cross sections of the three hadronic channels. Pion pairs are measured in the mass range from 0.6 to 2.0 GeV, where production of the f (1270) resonance is observed to interfere with significant continuum production. The continuum is well described by single-pion exchange, allowing a measurement of the f two-photon partial width of 3.47 +- 0.37 keV. No a priori assumption is made about the ratio of helicity amplitudes, and the phenomenological model used in fitting the data is constrained to satisfy elastic unitarity. If unitarity is not required, then the fitted partial width ismore » a factor of 0.83 lower than the quoted value. The Q/sup 2/ dependence of the cross section is found to be consistent with predictions of the Generalized Vector Dominance Model. Kaon pairs and proton pairs are identified by time-of-flight measurements. Kaon pairs are measured in the mass range from 1.3 to 2.0 GeV, where production of the f' (1520) resonance is observed. The ratio of the f and f' two-photon partial widths is found to be consistent with SU(3) quark model predictions with a mixing angle of 28 +- 4 degrees. Twenty-three proton pairs are observed.« less
15325639
A Fresh Look at Diffuse Gamma-ray Emission from the Inner Galaxy
The Energetic Gamma-Ray Experiment Telescope (EGRET) experiment onboard the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) has provided the most precise measurements of the -ray sky to date. The EGRET measurements of the diffuse emission across the sky show an excess above 1 GeV. This "GeV excess" has been a topic of great debate and interest since its original discovery by Hunter et al. in 1997. We have modified the GLAST simulation and reconstruction software to model the EGRET instrument. This detailed modeling has allowed us to explore the parameters of the EGRET instrument, in both its beam-test configuration and in-orbit on CGRO, in greater detail than has previously been published. We have found that the GeV excess is significantly increased when previously unaccounted for instrumental effects are considered. We will present a new measurement of diffuse -ray emission in the inner Galaxy.