110354326
Using Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud to dynamically scale CMS computational resources
Large international scientific collaborations such as the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider have traditionally addressed their data reduction and analysis needs by building and maintaining dedicated computational infrastructure. Emerging cloud computing services such as Amazon's Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) offer short-term CPU and storage resources with costs based on usage. These services allow experiments to purchase computing resources as needed, without significant prior planning and without long term investments in facilities and their management. We have demonstrated that services such as EC2 can successfully be integrated into the production-computing model of CMS, and find that they work very well as worker nodes. The cost-structure and transient nature of EC2 services makes them inappropriate for some CMS production services and functions. We also found that the resources are not truely "on-demand" as limits and caps on usage are imposed. Our trial workflows allow us to make a cost comparison between EC2 resources and dedicated CMS resources at a University, and conclude that it is most cost effective to purchase dedicated resources for the "base-line" needs of experiments such as CMS. However, if the ability to use cloud computing resources is built into an experiment's software framework before demand requires their use, cloud computing resources make sense for bursting during times when spikes in usage are required.
102341383
Probing compressed top squark scenarios at the LHC at 14 TeV
A feasibility study is presented for the search of the lightest top squark in a compressed scenario, where its mass is approximately equal to the sum of the masses of the top quark and the lightest neutralino. The study is performed in the final state of two b-jets, one lepton, large missing energy, and two high-$E_{\rm T}$ jets with large separation in pseudo-rapidity, in opposite hemispheres, and with large dijet mass. The LHC could discover compressed top squarks with mass up to approximately 340 GeV (390 GeV) with an integrated luminosity of 1000 ifb (3000 ifb).
43779709
Measurement of the D0 and D+ lifetimes.
We have used a high-resolution drift chamber in the Mark II detector at the SLAC e/sup +/e/sup -/ storage ring PEP to measure the lifetimes of the D/sup 0/ and D/sup +/ mesons produced in e/sup +/e/sup -/ annihilations at 29 GeV. Based on a sample of 74 decays for the D/sup 0/ mesons and 23 decays for the D/sup +/ mesons, the lifetimes are found to be tau/sub D//sub =/ = (4.7/sub -0.8//sup +0.9/) +- 0.5 x 10/sup -13/ sec and tau/sub D//sub =/ = (8.9/sub -2.7//sup +3.8/) +- 1.3 x 10/sup -13/ sec. This leads to a ratio of lifetimes tau/sub D//sub =//tau/sub =/ = 1.9/sub -0.7/ /sup +0.9/ +- 0.3. .AE
119258699
Vector boson fusion processes as a probe of supersymmetric electroweak sectors at the LHC
Vector boson fusion (VBF) processes offer a promising avenue to study the non-colored sectors of supersymmetric extensions of the Standard Model at the LHC. A feasibility study for searching for the chargino/neutralino system in the $R-$parity conserving Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model is presented. The high $E_T$ forward jets in opposite hemispheres are utilized to trigger VBF events, so that the production of the lightest chargino and the second lightest neutralino can be probed without a bias by experimental triggers. Kinematic requirements are developed to search for signals of these supersymmetric states above Standard Model backgrounds in both $\tau$ and light lepton ($e$ and $\mu$) final states at $\sqrt{s} = 8$ TeV.
125040186
Search for muon-neutrino oscillations muon-neutrino ---> electron-neutrino (anti-muon-neutrino ---> anti-electron-neutrino in a wide band neutrino beam
120675894
The BTeV main spectrometer
Abstract BTeV is a second generation B-factory experiment that will use a double-arm, forward spectrometer in the C0 experimental hall at the Fermilab Tevatron. I will describe the motivation and design of the “main spectrometer”, consisting of a ring-imaging Cherenkov system for charged particle identification, an electromagnetic calorimeter of lead-tungstate crystals, a proportional tube muon system with magnetized filtering steel, and a straw-tube and silicon strip charged particle tracking system. The vertex system and trigger, as well as the physics motivations for BTeV, are described elsewhere in these proceedings.
118453420
Correct interpretation of trace normalized density matrices as ensembles
A density operator, $\rho = {P}_{\alpha } |\alpha > = 0$, ${P}_{\alpha }$ and ${P}_{\beta }$ cannot be interpreted as probabilities of finding $|\alpha >$ and $|\beta >$ respectively. 
We show that a density matrix comprised of two (${P}_{\alpha }$ and ${P}_{\beta }$ nonzero) non-orthogonal projectors have unique spectral decomposition into diagonal form with orthogonal projectors. Only then, according to axioms of Von Neumann and Fock, can we have probability interpretation of that density matrix, only then can the diagonal elements be interpreted as probabilities of an ensemble. 
Those probabilities on the diagonal are not ${P}_{\alpha }$ and ${P}_{\beta}$. Further, only in the case of orthogonal projectors can we have the degenerate situation in which multiple ensembles are permitted.
119252156
Penrose diagram for a transient black hole
A Penrose diagram is constructed for a spatially coherent black hole that smoothly begins an accretion, and then excretes symmetrically as measured by a distant observer, with the initial and final states described by a metric of the Minkowski form. Coordinate curves on the diagram are computationally derived. Causal relationships between spacetime regions are briefly discussed. The life cycle of the black hole demonstrably leaves asymptotic observers in an unaltered Minkowski spacetime of uniform conformal scale.