125991530
Neutrino Transport in Type II Supernovae: Boltzmann Solver vs Monte Carlo Method
In this paper we discuss the results of extensive comparison of the Boltzmann solver recently developed by us and the Monte Carlo method coded by Janka. The aim of our project is to improve the treatment of the neutrino transfer and to study the neutrino reactions systematically, since the numerical treatment of neutrino transfer and neutrino reaction rates in the hot dense medium are two of the greatest uncertainties in the supernova simulations.
33641689
Neutrino signals from the formation of a black hole: A probe of the equation of state of dense matter.
The gravitational collapse of a nonrotating, black-hole-forming massive star is studied by nu-radiation-hydrodynamical simulations for two different sets of realistic equation of state of dense matter. We show that the event will produce as many neutrinos as the ordinary supernova, but with distinctive characteristics in luminosities and spectra that will be an unmistakable indication of black hole formation. More importantly, the neutrino signals are quite sensitive to the difference of equation of state and can be used as a useful probe into the properties of dense matter. The event will be unique in that they will be shining only by neutrinos (and, possibly, gravitational waves) but not by photons, and hence they should be an important target of neutrino astronomy.
122249200
Constraining neutrino oscillation parameters with future observations of supernova neutrinos by various types of detectors
We evaluate the potential for constraining neutrino oscillation parameters with future observations of supernova neutrinos. For some selected oscillation parameters, we calculate the expected energy spectra and angular distributions of neutrino events in various detectors (Super-Kamiokande, ICARUS, KamLAND and IceCube) for an assumed galactic core-collapse supernova. We investigate to what extent the oscillation parameters could be constrained using χ2 analysis when the expected events are really observed.
118715119
EFFECTS OF RESISTIVITY ON MAGNETIZED CORE-COLLAPSE SUPERNOVAE
We studied the role of turbulent resistivity in the core-collapse of a strongly magnetized massive star, carrying out two-dimensional resistive-MHD simulations. Three cases with different initial strengths of magnetic field and rotation are investigated: (1) a strongly magnetized rotating core, (2) a moderately magnetized rotating core, and (3) a very strongly magnetized non-rotating core. In each case, one ideal-MHD model and two resistive-MHD models are computed. As a result of these computations, each model shows an eruption of matter assisted by magnetic acceleration (and also by centrifugal acceleration in the rotating cases). We found that resistivity attenuates the explosion in cases 1 and 2, while it enhances the explosion in case 3. We also found that in the rotating cases, the main mechanisms for the amplification of a magnetic field in the post-bounce phase are an outward advection of the magnetic field and a twisting of poloidal magnetic field lines by differential rotation, which are somewhat dampened down with the presence of resistivity. Although magnetorotational instability seems to occur in the rotating models, it plays only a minor role in magnetic field amplification. Another impact of resistivity is that on the aspect ratio. In the rotating cases, a large aspect ratio of the ejected matter, >2.5, attained in an ideal-MHD model is reduced to some extent in a resistive model. These results indicate that resistivity possibly plays an important role in the dynamics of strongly magnetized supernovae.
122604041
NEUTRINOS FROM PROTONEUTRON STARS
We performed numerical simulations of the quasistatic evolution of protoneutron star with neutrino transfer using multigroup flux limited diffusion scheme. The second half of the supernova neutrinos are emitted in this stage. We found 1) the flux decays rapidly and its mean energy falls below j/e's mean energy at the late stage, 2) Pe's carry out energy of about 24% of the total energy emitted in this cooling phase, and 3) the time-integrated energy spectra of u^s and v^s can be roughly fitted by the Fermi-Dirac spectra with positive chemical potentials while those of the other neutrinos can be fitted by MaxwellBoltzmann spectra. These results suggest that the total energy of the neutrino burst from SN1987A was overestimated if one assumed that the Pe's spectrum is the Fermi-Dirac one with a vanishing chemical potential and that all species of neutrinos contribute equally.
118908804
Multigroup simulation of protoneutron star cooling and neutrino spectra
14282824
SUSY WT identity in a lattice formulation of 2D N = (2, 2) SYM
Abstract We address some issues relating to a supersymmetric (SUSY) Ward–Takahashi (WT) identity in Sugino's lattice formulation of two-dimensional (2D) N = ( 2 , 2 ) SU ( k ) supersymmetric Yang–Mills theory (SYM). A perturbative argument shows that the SUSY WT identity in the continuum theory is reproduced in the continuum limit without any operator renormalization/mixing and tuning of lattice parameters. As application of the lattice SUSY WT identity, we show that a prescription for the Hamiltonian density in this lattice formulation, proposed by Kanamori, Sugino and Suzuki, is justified also from a perspective of an operator algebra among correctly-normalized supercurrents. We explicitly confirm the SUSY WT identity in the continuum limit to the first nontrivial order in a semi-perturbative expansion.
119699626
SUSY breaking by nonperturbative dynamics in a matrix model for 2D type IIA superstrings
Abstract We explicitly compute nonperturbative effects in a supersymmetric double-well matrix model corresponding to two-dimensional type IIA superstring theory on a nontrivial Ramond–Ramond background. We analytically determine the full one-instanton contribution to the free energy and one-point function, including all perturbative fluctuations around the one-instanton background. The leading order two-instanton contribution is determined as well. We see that supersymmetry is spontaneously broken by instantons, and that the breaking persists after taking a double scaling limit which realizes the type IIA theory from the matrix model. The result implies that spontaneous supersymmetry breaking occurs by nonperturbative dynamics in the target space of the IIA theory. Furthermore, we numerically determine the full nonperturbative effects by recursive evaluation of orthogonal polynomials. The free energy of the matrix model appears well-defined and finite even in the strongly coupled limit of the corresponding type IIA theory. The result might suggest a weakly coupled theory appearing as an S-dual to the two-dimensional type IIA superstring theory.
118409043
Euclidean lattice simulation for dynamical supersymmetry breaking
The global supersymmetry is spontaneously broken if and only if the ground-state energy is strictly positive. We propose to use this fact to observe the spontaneous supersymmetry breaking in Euclidean lattice simulations. For lattice formulations that possess a manifest fermionic symmetry, there exists a natural choice of a Hamiltonian operator that is consistent with a topological property of the Witten index. We confirm validity of our idea in models of the supersymmetric quantum mechanics. We then examine a possibility of a dynamical supersymmetry breaking in the two-dimensional $\mathcal{N}=(2,2)$ super Yang-Mills theory with the gauge group $\mathrm{SU}(2)$, for which the Witten index is unknown. Differently from a recent conjectural claim, our numerical result tempts us to conclude that supersymmetry is not spontaneously broken in this system.
17537098
Supersymmetric gauge anomaly with general homotopic paths
Abstract We use the method of Banerjee, Banerjee and Mitra and minimal homotopy paths to compute the consistent gauge anomaly for several superspace models of SSYM coupled to matter. We review the derivation of the anomaly for N=1 in four dimensions and then discuss the anomaly for two-dimensional models with (2,0) supersymmetry.
119833545
NEUTRINOS FROM SUPERNOVA EXPLOSION AND THE MIKHEYEV-SMIRNOV-WOLFENSTEIN EFFECT
It is shown that by taking the effect of the Earth into account the possible observation of electron neutrinos from the supernova SN1987A at the Kamiokande II is compatible with the solution of the solar neutrino puzzle by the Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein mechanism. Our scenario requires relatively large mixing angles sin2 2θ ≳ 0.3 and, most probably, ∆m2 of the order of 10−6 ~ 10−5(eV)2. The implications of possible observation in other neutrino detectors are briefly discussed.