16961887
Newsmap: a knowledge map for online news
Information technology has made possible the capture and accessing of a large number of data and knowledge bases, which in turn has brought about the problem of information overload. Text mining to turn textual information into knowledge has become a very active research area, but much of the research remains restricted to the English language. Due to the differences in linguistic characteristics and methods of natural language processing, many existing text analysis approaches have yet to be shown to be useful for the Chinese language. This research focuses on the automatic generation of a hierarchical knowledge map NewsMap, based on online Chinese news, particularly the finance and health sections. Whether in print or online, news still represents one important knowledge source that people produce and consume on a daily basis. The hierarchical knowledge map can be used as a tool for browsing business intelligence and medical knowledge hidden in news articles. In order to assess the quality of the map, an empirical study was conducted which shows that the categories of the hierarchical knowledge map generated by NewsMap are better than those generated by regular news readers, both in terms of recall and precision, on the sub-level categories but not on the top-level categories. NewsMap employs an improved interface combining a ID alphabetical hierarchical list and a 2D Self-Organizing Map (SOM) island display. Another empirical study compared the two visualization displays and found that users' performances can be improved by taking advantage of the visual cues of the 2D SOM display.
11070478
elpfulMed: Intelligent searching for medical information over the internet
Medical professionals and researchers need information from reputable sources to accomplish their work. Unfortunately, the Web has a large number of documents that are irrelevant to their work, even those documents that purport to be "medically-related." This paper describes an architecture designed to integrate advanced searching and indexing algorithms, an automatic thesaurus, or "concept space," and Kohonen-based Self-Organizing Map (SOM) technologies to provide searchers with fine-grained results. Initial results indicate that these systems provide complementary retrieval functionalities. HelpfulMed not only allows users to search Web pages and other online databases, but also allows them to build searches through the use of an automatic thesaurus and browse a graphical display of medical-related topics. Evaluation results for each of the different components are included. Our spidering algorithm outperformed both breadth-first search and PageRank spiders on a test collection of 100,000 Web pages. The automatically generated thesaurus performed as well as both MeSH and UMLS--systems which require human mediation for currency. Lastly, a variant of the Kohonen SOM was comparable to MeSH terms in perceived cluster precision and significantly better at perceived cluster recall.
770502
Visualizing the archive of a computer mediated communication process
The archive of computer-mediated communication (CMC) process contains knowledge shared and information about participants' behavior patterns. However, most CMC systems focus only on organizing the content of discussions. We propose to demo a prototype system that integrates a social visualization technique with existing information analysis technologies to graphically summarize both the content and behavior of a CMC process.
27551113
Creating a Large-Scale Digital Library for Georeferenced Information
14675043
Using 3D interfaces to facilitate the spatial knowledge retrieval: a geo-referenced knowledge repository system
Retrieving knowledge from a knowledge repository includes both the process of finding information of interest and the process of converting incoming information to a person's own knowledge. This paper explores the application of 3D interfaces in supporting the retrieval of spatial knowledge by presenting the development and the evaluation of a geo-referenced knowledge repository system. As computer screen is crowded with high volume of information available, 3D interface becomes a promising candidate to better use the screen space. A 3D interface is also more similar to the 3D terrain surface it represents than its 2D counterpart. However, almost all previous empirical studies did not find any supportive evidence for the application of 3D interface. Realizing that those studies required users to observe the 3D object from a given perspective by providing one static interface, we developed 3D interfaces with interactive animation, which allows users to control how a visual object should be displayed. The empirical study demonstrated that this is a promising approach to facilitate the spatial knowledge retrieval.
12630328
Creating a large-scale content-based airphoto image digital library
This paper describes a content-based image retrieval digital library that supports geographical image retrieval over a testbed of 800 aerial photographs, each 25 megabytes in size. In addition, this paper also introduces a methodology to evaluate the performance of the algorithms in the prototype system. There are two major contributions: we suggest an approach that incorporates various image processing techniques including Gabor filters, image enhancement and image compression, as well as information analysis techniques such as the self-organizing map (SOM) into an effective large-scale geographical image retrieval system. We present two experiments that evaluate the performance of the Gabor-filter-extracted features along with the corresponding similarity measure against that of human perception, addressing the lack of studies in assessing the consistency between an image representation algorithm or an image categorization method and human mental model.
18585637
Research and Design of Multifunctional Intelligent Melted Iron Analyzer
A multifunctional intelligent melted iron analyzer is researched and designed. This device combined the function of thermal analysis for quality analysis of melted iron and ultrasonic measuring for nodularity. By thermal analysis, equation of linear regression wasused and the percentage composition of carbon, silicon and phosphorus etc. were obtained. In addition, thermal analysis was used to predict gray iron inoculation result, structure and performance. Therefore, ultrasonic measuring was adopted to be applied in this study to survey the nodularity of spheroidal graphite iron. In order to protect the analyzer far away from boiling melted iron, wireless temperature collection was adopted. The system is composed of PC104, single chip SPCE061 and other peripheral circuits. Designed temperature collection and ultrasonic measuring module, the software of data analysis and management is programmed by VB6.0 based on PC104 and windows operation system. After running for more than one year, the analyzer goes very well in the foundry.
4515160
Alert Correlation for Extracting Attack Strategies
Alert correlation is an important technique for managing large the volume of intrusion alerts that are raised by heterogenous Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs). The recent trend of research in this area is towards extracting attack strategies from raw intrusion alerts. It is generally believed that pure intrusion detection no longer can satisfy the security needs of organizations. Intrusion response and prevention are now becoming crucially important for protecting the network and minimizing damage. Knowing the real security situation of a network and the strategies used by the attackers enables network administrators to launches appropriate response to stop attacks and prevent them from escalating. This is also the primary goal of using alert correlation technique. However, most of the current alert correlation techniques only focus on clustering inter-connected alerts into different groups without further analyzing the strategies of the attackers. Some techniques for extracting attack strategies have been proposed in recent years, but they normally require defining a larger number of rules. This paper focuses on developing a new alert correlation technique that can help to automatically extract attack strategies from a large volume of intrusion alerts, without specific prior knowledge about these alerts. The proposed approach is based on two different neural network approaches, namely, Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The probabilistic output of these two methods is used to determine with which previous alerts this current alert should be correlated. This suggests the causal relationship of two alerts, which is helpful for constructing attack scenarios. One of the distinguishing feature of the proposed technique is that an Alert Correlation Matrix (ACM) is used to store correlation strengthes of any two types of alerts. ACM is updated in the training process, and the information (correlation strength) is then used for extracting high level attack strategies.
18525398
Refactoring Formal Specifications in Object-Z
Software refactoring is to restructure artifacts to improve software quality, especially readability, extensibility, and maintainability, while preserving its external behaviors. Software refactoring has been successfully applied to source code and design models. However, refactoring has not yet been introduced to formal specifications. Compared to source code in programming languages similar to nature languages, formal specifications in formal mathematic languages are in urgent need of refactoring because mathematic languages are usually more difficult to understand or modify. Furthermore, formal specifications' inherent formality makes it easier to validate behavior preservation of refactorings, which dramatically increases the dependability of refactorings. This paper illustrates the necessity and possibility of refactoring formal specifications. It first illustrates the necessity with an motivating example, and then proposes a series of primitive refactorings and advanced refactorings that are composed of primitive refactorings.
7138915
A novel visualization technique for network anomaly detection
Visualized information is a technique that can encode large amounts of complex interrelated data, being at the same time easily quantified, manipulated, and processed by a human user. Our aim is to develop a novel graphical technique for network traffic visualization that will easily highlight anomalies that can arise within the network. In our work we are exclusively concerned with all the information that can be extracted at the network layer (e.g., from the TCP/IP datagram). We choose to use the Darpa 1999 database given the fact that all the intrusions are labeled and we can easily observe the visualization behavior while the network is under attack. Although applied to a dataset, the visualization technique can work on-line in a network because it only uses data that can be extracted in a real-time manner. Experiments show our visualization technique to be a good medium when trying to identify possible anomalies of the network such as:DoS types of attacks (e.g.,Smurfand Mailbomb) as well as probing attacks (e.g.,Portsweepand IPsweep).
3094023
Fuzzy Classifier with Probabilistic IF-THEN Rules
The typical fuzzy classifier consists of rules each one describing one of the classes. This paper presents a new fuzzy classifier with probabilistic IF-THEN rules. A learning algorithm based on the gradient descent method is proposed to identify the probabilistic IF-THEN rules from the training data set. This new fuzzy classifier is finally applied to the well-known Wisconsin breast cancer classification problem, and a compact, interpretable and accurate probabilistic IF-THEN rule base is achieved.