118694197
X-ray measurement of the elemental abundances at the outskirts of the Perseus cluster with Suzaku
We report on the abundance of metals (Mg and Fe) in the intracluster medium (ICM) at the outskirts (0.2 r200–0.8 r200) of the Perseus cluster. The X-ray spectra were obtained in the Suzaku/XIS mapping observations of this region. We employ single temperature models to fit all the X-ray spectra. The ICM temperature smoothly decreases toward the outer region from 6 keV to 4 keV. The Fe abundance is uniformly distributed at the outskirts (∼0.3 solar). The Mg abundance is ∼ 1 solar at the outskirts. The solar ratios of Mg/Fe of the outskirts region (Mg/Fe ∼ 4) are a factor of 4 larger than those of the central region. Various systematic effects, including the spatial fluctuations in the cosmic X-ray background, are taken into account and evaluated. Our results have not changed significantly. (© 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
55146394
The X-ray Study of Small-Scale Shock Structures in the Non-thermal SNRs
The shock front of SNRs is the most probable acceleration site of high energy particles (up to, or more than TeV) as already confirmed by the hard X-ray observations of the synchrotron emission from accelerated electrons. The remarkable spatial resolution of the X-ray observatory Chandra enables us to investigate the small-scale structure of the spatial distribution of accelerated electrons close to the shock front, which may lead us to deep understanding of acceleration mechanism. We have found hard X-ray filaments having a sharp rise in upstream and rather slow decay in downstream from the shocked region of six SNRs (Cas A, Tycho, Kepler, SN 1006, RCW 86, and 30 Dor C) using the Chandra archive data. For all the SNRs, we found that the scale width of the filaments is significantly smaller than that of the thermal plasma derived from the Sedov solution, The scale width becomes larger as increasing radius of the SNR, which may be followed by the understanding of the history of acceleration and energy loss of electrons in the shock front.
6264457
Iron and Nickel Line Diagnostics for the Galactic Center Diffuse Emission
We have observed the diffuse X-ray emission from the Galactic center (GC) using the X-ray Imaging Spectrometer (XIS) on Suzaku. The high-energy resolution and the low-background orbit provide excellent spectra of the GC diffuse X-rays (GCDX). The XIS found many emission lines in the GCDX near the energy of K-shell transitions of iron and nickel. The most pronounced features are Fe I Kat 6.4 keV and K-shell absorption edge at 7.1 keV, which are from neutral and/or low ionization states of iron, and the K-shell lines at 6.7 keV and 6.9 keV from He-like (Fe XXV K�) and hydrogenic (Fe XXVI Ly�) ions of iron. In addition, Klines from neutral or low ionization nickel (Ni I K�) and He-like nickel (Ni XXVII K�), and Fe I K�, Fe XXV K�, Fe XXVI Ly�, Fe XXV K and Fe XXVI Ly are detected for the first time. The line center energies and widths of Fe XXV Kand Fe XXVI Lyfavor a collisional excitation (CE) plasma for the origin of the GCDX. The electron temperature determined from the line flux ratio of Fe XXV-K�/ Fe XXV-Kis similar to the ionization temperature determined from that of Fe XXV-K�/FeXXVI-Ly�. Thus it would appear that the GCDX plasma is close to ionization equilibrium. The 6.7 keV flux and temperature distribution to the galactic longitude is smooth and monotonic, in contrast to the integrated point source flux distribution. These facts support the hypothesis that the GCDX is truly diffuse emission rather than the integration of the outputs of a large number of unresolved point sources. In addition, our results demonstrate that the chemical composition of Fe in the interstellar gas near the GC is constrained to be about 3.5 times solar.
118367993
POSSIBLE CHARGE-EXCHANGE X-RAY EMISSION IN THE CYGNUS LOOP DETECTED WITH SUZAKU
X-ray spectroscopic measurements of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant indicate that metal abundances throughout most of the remnant's rim are depleted to ~0.2 times the solar value. However, recent X-ray studies have revealed in some narrow regions along the outermost rim anomalously enhanced abundances (up to ~1 solar). The reason for these anomalous abundances is not understood. Here, we examine X-ray spectra in annular sectors covering nearly the entire rim of the Cygnus Loop using Suzaku (21 pointings) and XMM-Newton (1 pointing). We find that spectra in the enhanced abundance regions commonly show a strong emission feature at ~0.7?keV. This feature is likely a complex of He-like O K(? + ? + ), although other possibilities cannot be fully excluded. The intensity of this emission relative to He-like O K? appears to be too high to be explained as thermal emission. This fact, as well as the spatial concentration of the anomalous abundances in the outermost rim, leads us to propose an origin from charge-exchange processes between neutrals and H-like O. We show that the presence of charge-exchange emission could lead to the inference of apparently enhanced metal abundances using pure thermal emission models. Accounting for charge-exchange emission, the actual abundances could be uniformly low throughout the rim. The overall abundance depletion remains an open question.
13583595
New CTI Correction Method for Spaced-Row Charge Injection of the Suzaku X-Ray Imaging Spectrometer
The charge transfer inefficiency (CTI) of the X-ray CCDs on board the Suzaku satellite (X-ray Imaging Spectrometers; XIS) has increased since the launch due to radiation damage, and the energy resolution has been degraded. To improve the CTI, we have applied a spaced-row charge injection (SCI) technique to the XIS in orbit; by injecting charges into CCD rows periodically, the CTI is actively decreased. The CTI in the SCI mode depends on the distance between a signal charge and a preceding injected row, and the pulse height shows periodic positional variations. Using in-flight data of onboard calibration sources and of the strong iron line from the Perseus cluster of galaxies, we studied the variation in detail. We developed a new method to correct the variation. By applying the new method, the energy resolution (FWHM) at 5.9 keV at March 2008 is ~155 eV for the front-illuminated CCDs and ~175 eV for the back-illuminated CCD.
53371172
Temporal and Spatial Analyses of Spectral Indices of Nonthermal Emissions Derived from Hard X-Rays and Microwaves
We studied electron spectral indices of nonthermal emissions seen in hard X-rays (HXRs) and microwaves. We analyzed 12 flares observed by the Hard X-Ray Telescope aboard Yohkoh, Nobeyama Radio Polarimeters, and the Nobeyama Radioheliograph (NoRH), and compared the spectral indices derived from total fluxes of HXRs and microwaves. Except for four events, which have very soft HXR spectra suffering from the thermal component, these flares show a gap Δδ between the electron spectral indices derived from HXRs δ X and those from microwaves δμ (Δδ = δ X – δμ) of about 1.6. Furthermore, from the start to the peak times of the HXR bursts, the time profiles of the HXR spectral index δ X evolve synchronously with those of the microwave spectral index δμ, keeping the constant gap. We also examined the spatially resolved distribution of the microwave spectral index by using NoRH data. The microwave spectral index δμ tends to be larger, which means a softer spectrum, at HXR footpoint sources with stronger magnetic field than that at the loop tops. These results suggest that the electron spectra are bent at around several hundreds of keV, and become harder at the higher energy range that contributes the microwave gyrosynchrotron emission.
13161330
A new algorithm for numerical simulation of Langevin equations
Abstract Formulated is a new systematic method for obtaining higher order corrections in numerical simulation of stochastic differential equations (SDEs), i.e., Langevin equations. Random walk step algorithms within a given order of finite Δt , are obtained so as to reproduce within that order a corresponding transition density of the Fokker-Planck equations, in the weak Taylor approximation scheme [1]. A great advantage of our method is its straightforwardness such that direct perturbative calculations produce the algorithm as an end result, so that the procedure is tractable by computer. Examples in general form for curved space cases as well as flat space cases are given in some order of approximations. Simulations are performed for specific examples of U(1) system and SU(2) systems, respectively.
115158728
Noncommutative supertori in two dimensions
First we consider the deformations of superspaces with = (1, 1) and = (2, 2) supersymmetries in two dimensions. Among these the construction of noncommutative supertorus with odd spin structure is possible only in the case of = (2, 2) supersymmetry broken down to = (1, 1). However, for the even spin structures the construction of noncommutative supertorus is possible for both = (1, 1) and = (2, 2) cases. The spin structures are realized by implementing the translational properties along the cycles of commutative supertorus in the operator version: Odd spin structure is realized by the translation in the fermionic direction in the same manner as in the construction of noncommutative torus, and even spin structures are realized with appropriate versions of the spin angular momentum operator.
119352385
Unquenched Kogut-Susskind quark propagator in lattice Landau gauge QCD
Quark propagators of the unquenched Kogut-Susskind (KS) fermion obtained from the gauge configurations of the MILC Collaboration are measured after Landau gauge fixing and using the Staple+Naik action. Presence of the qq condensates and A{sup 2} condensates in the dynamical mass M(q) and the quark wave function renormalization Z{sub {psi}}(q{sup 2}) are investigated. We obtain the correlation of the renormalization factor of the running coupling taken at {mu}{approx}6 GeV and that of the quark wave function renormalization Z{sub {psi}}(q{sup 2}) of the Staple+Naik action. The mass function M(q) is finite at q=0 and its chiral limit is {approx}0.38 GeV. We compared the results corrected by the scale of the vertex renormalization and the tadpole renormalization with the corresponding values obtained by the Asqtad action without renormalization and observed good agreement. Implication of infrared finite Z{sub 2}(q)=1/Z{sub {psi}}(q{sup 2}) to the Kugo-Ojima confinement criterion is discussed.
14432580
Test of the Kugo-Ojima confinement criterion in the lattice landau gauge
We present the first results of numerical test of the Kugo-Ojima confinement criterion in the lattice Landau gauge. The Kugo-Ojima criterion of colour confinement in the BRS formulation of the continuum gauge theory is given by uba(0) = −δba, where 
∫dXeip(x−)〈O|TDμca(X)g(Av×c)b(Y)|O〉=(gμvPμPvp2)Uba(p2). (∗) 
 
 
We measured the lattice version of uba(0) in use of 1/(−∂D (A)) where Dμ(A) is a lattice covariant derivative in the new definition of the gauge field as U = eA. We obtained that uba(0) is consistent with −cδba, c = 0.7 in SU(3) quenched simulation data of β = 5.5, on 84 and 124. We report the β dependence and finite-size effect of c.
15150270
Perverse coherent sheaves on blow-up. I. a quiver description
This is the first of two papers studying moduli spaces of a certain class of coherent sheaves, which we call {\it stable perverse coherent sheaves}, on the blowup of a projective surface. They are used to relate usual moduli spaces of stable sheaves on a surface and its blowup. In this first part, we give a quiver (or ADHM) description of moduli spaces for framed perverse coherent sheaves on the blowup of the projective plane.