26049946
Applications of Skyrme Energy-Density Functional to Fusion Reactions for Synthesis of Superheavy Nuclei
The Skyrme energy-density functional approach has been extended to study massive heavy-ion fusion reactions. Based on the potential barrier obtained and the parametrized barrier distribution the fusion (capture) excitation functions of a lot of heavy-ion fusion reactions are studied systematically. The average deviations of fusion cross sections at energies near and above the barriers from experimental data are less than 0.05 for 92% of 76 fusion reactions with Z{sub 1}Z{sub 2}<1200. For the massive fusion reactions, for example, the {sup 238}U-induced reactions and {sup 48}Ca+{sup 208}Pb, the capture excitation functions have been reproduced remarkably well. The influence of structure effects in the reaction partners on the capture cross sections is studied with our parametrized barrier distribution. By comparing the reactions induced by double-magic nucleus {sup 48}Ca and by {sup 32}S and {sup 35}Cl, the ''threshold-like'' behavior in the capture excitation function for {sup 48}Ca-induced reactions is explored and an optimal balance between the capture cross section and the excitation energy of the compound nucleus is studied. Finally, the fusion reactions with {sup 36}S, {sup 37}Cl, {sup 48}Ca, and {sup 50}Ti bombarding {sup 248}Cm, {sup 247,249}Bk, {sup 250,252,254}Cf, and {sup 252,254}Es, as well as the reactions leading to the same compoundmore » nucleus with Z=120 and N=182, are studied further. The calculation results for these reactions are useful for searching for the optimal fusion configuration and suitable incident energy in the synthesis of superheavy nuclei.« less
124137012
Study of in-medium Delta Delta elastic scattering cross section
9051613
Mass and isotope dependence of limiting temperatures for hot nuclei
The mass and isotope dependence of limiting temperatures for hot nuclei are investigated. The predicted mass dependence of limiting temperatures is in good agreement with data derived from the caloric curve data. The predicted isotope distribution of limiting temperatures appears to be a parabolic shape and its centroid is not located at the isotope on the beta-stability line (T=0) but at neutron-rich side. Our study shows that the mass and isotope dependence of limiting temperatures depend on the interaction and the form of surface tension and its isospin dependence sensitively.
121143863
THE DYNAMICAL ISOSPIN EFFECT ON PROTON-INDUCED REACTIONS ON Sn ISOTOPES
In this talk we present a model, Improved Quantum Molecular Dynamics (ImQMD05) model incorporated with a Statistical Decay Model (SDM), to describe intermediate energy proton induced spallation reactions. A good agreement with experimental data of double differential cross sections of emitted neutrons is obtained. We further apply this model to study the isospin effect in proton induced spallation reactions on a series Sn isotope targets. We find that the systematic behavior of the reaction cross sections for Sn isotope targets deviates from the empirical expression obtained by fitting the experimental data for proton induced spallation reactions on target nuclei along β-stability line. The extent of the deviation depends on the density dependence of the symmetry energy strongly. We also find an obvious shift of the elastic scattering angular distribution of emitted protons when the symmetry energy is taken into account for neutron-rich Sn isotope targets and the angle shifted strongly depends on the stiffness of the symmetry energy. The attractive effect of the symmetry potential of target on incident proton directly influences the motion of the incident proton leading to strong isospin effect on the reaction dynamics and thus on these reaction observables. We conclude that the measurement of reaction cross sections and the elastic scattering angular distributions in proton induced spallation reactions on Sn isotopes can provide clear constraint for the density dependence of symmetry energy.
55892113
In-medium NN cross sections determined from stopping and collective flow in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions
In-medium nucleon-nucleon scattering cross sections are explored by comparing results of quantum molecular dynamics simulations to data on stopping and on elliptic and directed flow in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions. The comparison points to in-medium cross sections which are suppressed at low energies but not at higher energies. Positive correlations are found between the degree of stopping and the magnitudes of elliptic and directed flows. PACS numbers: 25.70.-z, 24.10.Lx, 21.65.+f
119408968
Isospin dependence of nucleon-nucleon elastic cross section
The in-medium neutron-proton, proton-proton (neutron-neutron) scattering cross sections (sigma(np)*, sigma(pp(nn))*) are studied based on QHD-II type Lagangian within the framework of the microscopic transport theory. The results demonstrate that, for free nucleon-nucleon scattering cross sections, the isospin dependence is dominantly caused by the rho meson field. The medium correction of nucleon-nucleon scattering cross sections is also isospin dependent, sigma(np)*, depends on the baryon density weakly and sigma(pp(nn))* depends on the baryon density significantly, which is due to the different effects of the medium correction of nucleon mass and rho meson mass on sigma(np) and sigma(pp(nn)), respectively.
67842056
Beyond the relativistic mean-field approximation. III. Collective Hamiltonian in five dimensions
The framework of relativistic energy density functionals is extended to include correlations related to the restoration of broken symmetries and fluctuations of collective variables. A new implementation is developed for the solution of the eigenvalue problem of a five-dimensional collective Hamiltonian for quadrupole vibrational and rotational degrees of freedom, with parameters determined by constrained self-consistent relativistic mean-field calculations for triaxial shapes. The model is tested in a series of illustrative calculations of potential energy surfaces and the resulting collective excitation spectra and transition probabilities of the chain of even-even gadolinium isotopes.
119563640
Microscopic description of quantum shape fluctuation in C isotopes
Covariant density functional theory is used to investigate quantum shape fluctuation in {sup 16}C and other even-even carbon isotopes. Long-range correlations beyond the mean-field approximation are taken into account by configuration mixing of wave functions with triaxial shapes and by restoring the spontaneously broken rotational symmetry through a three-dimensional angular-momentum projection. The systematics of the excitation energy of the 2{sub 1}{sup +} state and the B(E2:2{sub 1}{sup +}{yields}0{sub 1}{sup +}) values in carbon isotopes are reproduced rather well. Decoupled structures with rather different deformations for neutrons and protons have been found in {sup 16,18,20}C. In addition, the effects of shape fluctuations in {beta} and {gamma} deformations on the low-lying excited states of these nuclei are examined.
18644940
Meson Photoproductions Off Nucleons In The Chiral Quark Model
The meson photoproductions off nucleons in the chiral quark model are described. The role of the S-wave resonances in the second resonance region is discussed, and it is particularly important for the Kaon, η and η photoproductions. Meson photoproductions of nucleons have always been a very important field to study the structure of hadrons. It was the early investigations by Copley, Karl and Obryk[1] and Feynman, Kisslinger and Ravndal[2] in the pion photoproduction that provided the first evidence of an underlying SU(6) ⊗ O(3) symmetry for the baryon structure in the quark model. Extensive calculations and discussions of the photoproduction of baryon resonances later have not changed the conclusion in Refs. 1 and 2 significantly. These calculations in the framework of the quark models have been limited on the transition amplitudes that are extracted from the photoproduction data by the phenomenological models, thus it is less model independent. The challenge is whether one could go one step further to confront the photoproduction data directly with the quark model. Such a step is by no means trivial, since it requires that the transition amplitudes in the quark model have correct off-shell behavior, which are usually evaluated on shell. More importantly, it also requires that the model with explicit quark and gluon degrees of freedom give a good description of the contributions to the photoproductions from the non-resonant background, which are usually used to evaluate the contributions from schannel resonances. The low energy theorem in the threshold pion photoproduction[3] is a ∗E-mail: ZPLI@ibm320h.phy.pku.edu.cn
118690542
Diffuse emission of TeV neutrinos and gamma-rays from young pulsars by photomeson interaction in the Galaxy
It is generally believed that young, rapidly rotating pulsars are important sites of particle acceleration, in which protons can be accelerated to relativistic energy above the polar cap region if the magnetic moment is antiparallel to the spin axis (mu . Omega Delta(+) -> n + pi(+)/p + pi(0)) for a single pulsar, and these X-ray photons come from the surface of the neutron star. The results suggest that the flux of diffuse neutrinos at TeV energies is lower than the background flux, indicating they are difficult to detect using current neutrino telescopes.
118368509
Octupole degree of freedom for the critical-point candidate nucleus Sm152 in a reflection-asymmetric relativistic mean-field approach
The potential energy surfaces of even-even {sup 146-156}Sm are investigated in the constrained reflection-asymmetric relativistic mean-field approach with parameter set PK1. It is shown that the critical-point candidate nucleus {sup 152}Sm marks the shape/phase transition not only from U(5) to SU(3) symmetry, but also from the octupole-deformed ground state in {sup 150}Sm to the quadrupole-deformed ground state in {sup 154}Sm. By including the octupole degree of freedom, an energy gap near the Fermi surface for single-particle levels in {sup 152}Sm with beta{sub 2}=0.14approx0.26 is found and the important role of the octupole deformation driving pair nu2f{sub 7/2} and nu1i{sub 13/2} is demonstrated.