119297366
Finite-volume and partial quenching effects in the magnetic polarizability of the neutron
There has been much progress in the experimental measurement of the electric and magnetic polarizabilities of the nucleon. Similarly, lattice QCD simulations have recently produced dynamical QCD results for the magnetic polarizability of the neutron approaching the chiral regime. In order to compare the lattice simulations with experiment, calculation of partial quenching and finite-volume effects is required prior to an extrapolation in quark mass to the physical point. These dependencies are described using chiral effective field theory. Corrections to the partial quenching effects associated with the sea-quark-loop electric charges are estimated by modelling corrections to the pion cloud. These are compared to the uncorrected lattice results. In addition, the behaviour of the finite-volume corrections as a function of pion mass is explored. Box sizes of approximately 7 fm are required to achieve a result within 5% of the infinite-volume result at the physical pion mass. A variety of extrapolations are shown at different box sizes, providing a benchmark to guide future lattice QCD calculations of the magnetic polarizabilities. A relatively precise value for the physical magnetic polarizability of the neutron is presented, beta_n = 1.93(11)stat(8)sys x 10^-4 fm^3, which is in agreement with current experimental results.
118478039
Pion-mass dispersion relation in the baryon sector
By looking at the complex plane of the pion-mass squared we establish a dispersion relation which the static quantities, such as baryon masses, magnetic moments, polarizabilities, should obey. This dispersion relation yields insight into the differences between the heavy-baryon and relativistic calculations in the baryon sector of chiral perturbation theory.
118620082
The Vector Meson Mass in Chiral Effective Field Theory
A brief overview of Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) as a non-Abelian gauge field theory, including symmetries and formalism of interest, will precede a focused discussion on the use of an Effective Field Theory (EFT) as a low energy perturbative expansion technique. Regularization schemes involved in Chiral Perturbation Theory (\c{hi}PT) will be reviewed and compared with EFT. Lattices will be discussed as a useful procedure for studying large mass particles. An Effective Field Theory will be formulated, and the self energy of the \r{ho} meson for a Finite-Range Regulated (FRR) theory will be calculated. This will be performed in both full QCD and the simpler quenched approximation (QQCD). Finite-volume artefacts, due to the finite box size on the lattice, will be quantified. Currently known lattice results will be used to calculate the \r{ho} meson mass, and the possibility of unquenching will be explored. The aim of the research was to determine whether a stable unquenching procedure for the \r{ho} meson could be discovered. The results from the original research indicate that there is no such procedure because the \r{ho} mesons are unstable. Unless additional data involving lighter quark masses is available, an element of modelling is needed for successful unquenching.
53572242
Chiral extrapolations for nucleon magnetic moments
Lattice QCD simulations have made significant progress in the calculation of nucleon electromagnetic form factors in the chiral regime in recent years. With simulation results achieving pion masses of order ~180 MeV, there is an apparent challenge as to how the physical regime is approached. By using contemporary methods in chiral effective field theory, both the quark-mass and finite-volume dependence of the isovector nucleon magnetic moment are carefully examined. The extrapolation to the physical point yields a result that is compatible with experiment, albeit with a combined statistical and systematic uncertainty of 10%. The extrapolation shows a strong finite-volume dependence; lattice sizes of L > 5 fm must be used to simulate results within 2% of the infinite-volume result for the magnetic moment at the physical pion mass.
18432298
Limitations of the heavy-baryon expansion as revealed by a pion-mass dispersion relation
The chiral expansion of nucleon properties such as mass, magnetic moment, and magnetic polarizability are investigated in the framework of chiral perturbation theory, with and without the heavy-baryon expansion. The analysis makes use of a pion-mass dispersion relation, which is shown to hold in both frameworks. The dispersion relation allows an ultraviolet cutoff to be implemented without compromising the symmetries. After renormalization, the leading-order heavy-baryon loops demonstrate a stronger dependence on the cutoff scale, which results in weakened convergence of the expansion. This conclusion is tested against the recent results of lattice quantum chromodynamics simulations for nucleon mass and isovector magnetic moment. In the case of the polarizability, the situation is even more dramatic as the heavy-baryon expansion is unable to reproduce large soft contributions to this quantity. Clearly, the heavy-baryon expansion is not suitable for every quantity.
54976444
Chiral extrapolation beyond the power-counting regime
Chiral effective field theory can provide valuable insight into the chiral physics of hadrons when used in conjunction with nonperturbative schemes such as lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD). In this discourse, the attention is focused on extrapolating the mass of themeson to the physical pion mass in quenched QCD. With the absence of a known experimental value, this serves to demonstrate the ability of the extrapolation scheme to make predictions without prior bias. By using extended effective field theory developed previously, an extrapolation is performed using quenched lattice QCD data that extends outside the chiral power-counting regime. The method involves an analysis of the renormalization flow curves of the low-energy coefficients in a finite-range regularized effective field theory. The analysis identifies an optimal regularization scale, which is embedded in the lattice QCD data themselves. This optimal scale is the value of the regularization scale at which the renormalization of the low-energy coefficients is approximately independent of the range of quark masses considered. By using recent precision, quenched lattice results, the extrapolation is tested directly by truncating the analysis to a set of points above 380 MeV, while temporarily disregarding the simulation results closer to the chiral regime. This tests the ability of the method to make predictions of the simulation results, without phenomenologically motivated bias. The result is a successful extrapolation to the chiral regime.
119254061
Nonstandard Higgs Decays and Dark Matter in the E6SSM
We study the decays of the lightest Higgs boson within the exceptional supersymmetric (SUSY) standard model (E6SSM). The E6SSM predicts three families of Higgs-like doublets plus three SM singlets that carry U(1)_{N} charges. One family of Higgs-like doublets and one SM singlet develop vacuum expectation values. The fermionic partners of other Higgs-like fields and SM singlets form inert neutralino and chargino states. Two lightest inert neutralinos tend to be the lightest and next-to-lightest SUSY particles (LSP and NLSP). The considered model can account for the dark matter relic abundance if the lightest inert neutralino has mass close to half the Z mass. In this case the usual SM-like Higgs boson decays more than 95% of the time into either LSPs or NLSPs. As a result the decays of the lightest Higgs boson into l^{+} l^{-} + X might play an essential role in the Higgs searches. This scenario also predicts other light inert chargino and neutralino states below 200 GeV and large LSP direct detection cross-sections which is on the edge of observability of XENON100.
118356633
Bino dark matter and big bang nucleosynthesis in the constrained E6SSM with massless inert singlinos
We discuss a new variant of the E6 inspired supersymmetric standard model (E6SSM) in which the two inert singlinos are exactly massless and the dark matter candidate has a dominant bino component. A successful relic density is achieved via a novel mechanism in which the bino scatters inelastically into heavier inert Higgsinos during the time of thermal freeze-out. The two massless inert singlinos contribute to the effective number of neutrino species at the time of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, where the precise contribution depends on the mass of the Z′ which keeps them in equilibrium. For example for mZ′ > 1300 GeV we find Neff ≈ 3.2, where the smallness of the additional contribution is due to entropy dilution. We study a few benchmark points in the constrained E6SSM with massless inert singlinos to illustrate this new scenario.
1515191
Neutralino dark matter with inert higgsinos and singlinos
We discuss neutralino dark matter arising from supersymmetric models with extra inert Higgsinos and singlinos, where inert means that their scalar partners do not get vacuum expectation values. As an example, we consider the extended neutralino sector of the E6SSM, which predicts three families of Higgs doublet pairs, plus three singlets, plus a Z', together with their fermionic superpartners. We show that the two families of inert doublet Higgsinos and singlinos predicted by this model provide an almost decoupled neutralino sector with a naturally light LSP which can account for the cold dark matter relic abundance independently of the rest of the model, providing that the ratio of the two usual Higgs doublets satisfies tan β < 2.