119188222
Gluon shadowing and hadron production in heavy-ion collisions at LHC
Abstract The recently published first measurement of charged hadron multiplicity density at mid-rapidity d N c h / d η = 1584 ± 4 ( stat. ) ± 76 ( sys. ) in central Pb + Pb collisions at s = 2.76 TeV by the ALICE experiment at LHC is in good agreement with the HIJING2.0 prediction within the experimental errors and theoretical uncertainties. The new data point is used to carry out a combined fit together with the RHIC data to reduce the uncertainty in the gluon shadowing parameter s g which controls the overall magnitude of gluon shadowing at small fractional momentum x in HIJING2.0 model. Predictions on the centrality dependence of charged hadron multiplicity density at mid-rapidity with reduced uncertainties are given for Pb + Pb collisions at s = 2.76 and 5.5 TeV. The centrality dependence is surprisingly independent of the colliding energy similar to that in Au + Au collisions at RHIC for most of centralities starting at N part = 50 (100) at s = 2.76 (7) TeV. However, it becomes stronger in peripheral collisions at higher colliding energies.
119191221
Modified DGLAP evolution for fragmentation functions in nuclei and QGP
Abstract Within the framework of generalized factorization of higher-twist contributions, including modification to splitting functions of both quark and gluon, we get and numerically resolve the medium-modified DGLAP (mDGLAP) evolution equations. With Woods-Saxon nuclear geometry and Hirano 3D ideal hydrodynamic simulations of hot medium, we study the medium modified fragmentation functions (mFF) in DIS and Au+Au collisions in RHIC. Our calculations imply that the parton density in the hot medium produced in RHIC is about 30 times larger than in a cold nucleus.
3066888
Global quark polarization in non-central A+A collisions
Partons produced in the early stage of non-central heavy-ion collisionscan develop a longitudinal fluid shear because of unequal local number densities of participant target and projectile nucleons. Under such fluid shear, local parton pairs with non-vanishing impact parameter have finite local relative orbital angular momentum along the direction opposite to the reaction plane. Such finite relative orbitalangular momentum among locally interacting quark pairs can lead to global quark polarization along the same direction due to spin-orbital coupling. Local longitudinal fluid shear is estimated within both Landau fireball and Bjorken scaling model of initial parton production. Quark polarization through quark-quark scatterings with the exchange of a thermal gluon is calculated beyond small-angle scattering approximation in a quark-gluon plasma. The polarization is shown to have a non-monotonic dependence on the local relative orbital angular momentum dictated by the interplay between electric and magnetic interaction. It peaks at a value of relative orbital angular momentum which scales with the magnetic mass of the exchanged gluons. With the estimated small longitudinal fluid shear in semi-peripheral Au+Au collisions at the RHIC energy, the final quark polarization is found to be small left hbar P_q right hbar <0.04 in the weak coupling limit. Possible behavior of the quark polarization in the strong coupling limit and implications on the experimental detection of such global quark polarization at RHIC and LHC are also discussed.
119113121
Multiple Parton Scattering in Nuclei: Modified DGLAP Evolution for Fragmentation Functions
Within the framework of generalized factorization of higher-twist contributions to semi-inclusive cross section of deeply inelastic scattering off a large nucleus, multiple parton scattering leads to an effective medium-modified fragmentation function and the corresponding medium-modified DGLAP evolution equations. We extend the study to include gluon multiple scattering and induced quarkantiquark production via gluon fusion . We numerically solve these medium-modified DGLAP (mDGLAP) evolution equations and study the scale (Q), energy (E), length (L) and jet transport parameter (q̂) dependence of the modified fragmentation functions for a jet propagating in a uniform medium with finite length (a “brick” problem). We also discuss the concept of parton energy loss within such mDGLAP evolution equations and its connection to the modified fragmentation functions. With a realistic Wood-Saxon nuclear geometry, we calculate the modified fragmentation functions and compare to experimental data of DIS off large nuclei. The extracted jet transport parameter at the center of a large nucleus is found to be q̂0 = 0.024 ± 0.008 GeV /fm.
118024758
Nuclear modification of high-p_T hadron spectra in p+A collisions at LHC
Multiple parton scatterings in high-energy p+A collisions involve multi-parton correlation inside the projectile and color coherence of multiple jets which will lead to nuclear modification of final hadron spectra relative to that in p+p collisions. Such modification of final hadron spectra in p+A collisions is studied within HIJING 2.1 model which includes initial parton shadowing, transverse momentum broadening, parton flavor and momentum correlation inside the projectile through flavor and momentum conservation and fragmentation of multiple jets. They are shown to modify the partonic flavor content of final jets and momentum spectra of final hadrons in p+A collisions at the Large Hadron Collider.
119244375
Elliptic and Triangular Flow and their Correlation in Ultrarelativistic High Multiplicity Proton Proton Collisions at 14 TeV
Abstract The spatial configuration of initial partons in high multiplicity proton–proton scatterings at 14 TeV is assumed as three randomly positioned “hot spots”. The parton momentum distribution in the hot spots is calculated by HIJING2.0 with some modifications. This initial condition causes not only large eccentricity ϵ 2 but also triangularity ϵ 3 and the correlation of ϵ 2 − ϵ 3 event-plane angles. The final elliptic flow v 2 , triangular flow v 3 , and the correlation of v 2 − v 3 event-plane angles are calculated by using the parton cascade model BAMPS to simulate the space–time parton evolution. Our results show that the v 2 − v 3 correlation is different from that of ϵ 2 − ϵ 3 . This finding indicates that translations of different Fourier components of the initial spatial asymmetry to the final flow components are not independent. A dynamical correlation between the elliptic and triangular flow appears during the collective expansion.
119213233
Hidden-charm tetraquarks and charged Z c states
Experimentally several charged axial-vector hidden-charm states were reported. Within the framework of the color-magnetic interaction, we have systematically considered the mass spectrum of the hidden-charm and hidden-bottom tetraquark states. It is impossible to accommodate all the three charged states $Z_c(3900)$, $Z_c(4025)$ and $Z_c(4200)$ within the axial vector tetraquark spectrum simultaneously. Not all these three states are tetraquark candidates. Moreover, the eigenvector of the chromomagnetic interaction contains valuable information of the decay pattern of the tetraquark states. The dominant decay mode of the lowest axial vector tetraquark state is $J/\psi \pi$ while its $D^*\bar{D}$ and $\bar{D}^*D^*$ modes are strongly suppressed, which is in contrast with the fact that the dominant decay mode of $Z_c(3900)$ and $Z_c(4025)$ is $\bar{D}D^*$ and $\bar{D}^*D^*$ respectively. We emphasize that all the available experimental information indicates that $Z_c(4200)$ is a very promising candidate of the lowest axial vector hidden-charm tetraquark state.
118376948
Measuring the beaming angle of GRB 030329 by fitting the rebrightenings in its multiband afterglow
Multiple rebrightenings have been observed in the multiband afterglow of GRB 030329. In particular, a marked and quick rebrightening occurred at about t ∼ 1.2 × 10 5 s. Energy injection from late and slow shells seems to be the best interpreta- tion for these rebrightenings. Usually it is assumed that the energy is injected into the whole external shock. However, in the case of GRB 030329, the rebrightenings are so quick that the usual consideration fails to give a satisfactory fit to the observed light curves. Actually, since these late/slow shells freely coast in the wake of the external shock, they should be cold and may not expand laterally. The energy injection then should only occur at the central region of the external shock. Considering this effect, we numerically re-fit the quick rebrightenings observed in GRB 030329. By doing this, we were able to derive the beaming angle of the energy injection process. Our result, with a relative residual of only 5% - 10% during the major rebrightening, is bet- ter than any previous modeling. The derived energy injection angle is about 0.035. We assume that these late shells are ejected by the central engine via the same mechanism as those early shells that produce the prompt gamma-ray burst. The main difference is that their velocities are much slower, so that they catch up with the external shock relatively late and are manifested as the observed quick rebrightenings. If this were true, then the derived energy injection angle can give a good measure of the beaming angle of the prompt γ-ray emission. Our study may hopefully provide a novel method to measure the beaming angle of gamma-ray bursts.
119296933
Probing the XYZ states through radiative decays
In this work, we have adopted the spin rearrangement scheme in the heavy quark limit and extensively investigated three classes of the radiative decays: $\mathfrak{M}\to (b\bar{b})+\gamma$, $(b\bar{b})\to \mathfrak{M}+\gamma$, $ \mathfrak{M} \to \mathfrak{M}^\prime+\gamma$, corresponding to the electromagnetic transitions between one molecular state and bottomonium, one bottomonium and molecular state, and two molecular states respectively. We also extend the same formalism to study the radiative decays of the molecular states with hidden charm. We have derived some model independent ratios when the initial or final states belong to the same spin flavor multiplet. Future experimental measurement of these ratios will test the molecular picture and explore the underlying structures of the $XYZ$ states.
36323008
Cosmological Implications of Fast Radio Burst/Gamma-Ray Burst Associations
If a small fraction of fast radio bursts (FRBs) are associated with gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), as recently suggested by Zhang, the combination of redshift measurements of GRBs and dispersion measure (DM) measurements of FRBs opens a new window to study cosmology. At z < 2 where the universe is essentially fully ionized, detections of FRB/GRB pairs can give an independent measurement of the intergalactic medium portion of the baryon mass fraction, Ω b f IGM, of the universe. If a good sample of FRB/GRB associations are discovered at higher redshifts, the free electron column density history can be mapped, which can be used to probe the reionization history of both hydrogen and helium in the universe. We apply our formulation to GRBs 101011A and 100704A that each might have an associated FRB, and constrained Ω b f IGM to be consistent with the value derived from other methods. The methodology developed here is also applicable, if the redshifts of FRBs not associated with GRBs can be measured by other means.
13990506
Dynamics study of Z+(4430) and X(3872) in molecular picture
In this talk, we review our recent work about the dynamical studies of Z+(4430) and X(3872). Z+(4430) can not be explained as a D1′D* or D1D* molecular state only considering one pion exchange potential without the cutoff, which needs to be confirmed by introducing sigma exchange potential and adding the cutoff in the effective potential. One also excludes the possibility of X(3872) as a DD* molecular state by one pion and one sigma exchanges with the cutoff. Fortunately there exists an S‐wave BB* bound state with JPC = 1++. we suggest future experiment to search this state.