33407352
Document image matching and annotation lifting
Two images of the same document could differ significantly due to faxing, scanner distortions, or degradation through multigeneration copying. Additionally, one of the images may have extensive annotations not present in the other. We give a method for registering two such images and separating out annotations. We further present an algorithm for detecting and repairing broken strokes in the annotations. Our methods have been tested on a wide variety of documents with reliable results; for the special case of form dropout our results are better than had been obtained previously with special-purpose algorithms.
195349341
A global approach to automatic solution of jigsaw puzzles
12319077
Paper position sensing
We describe position sensing algorithms used in an airjet paper moving system built at Xerox PARC. The algorithms combine inputs from optical sensors and compute the rectangle best fitting the data. We consider two different types of sensors: fax scan bars and disk-shaped area sensors. Our algorithms proved to be quite effective both in simulation and in actual use.
26906105
Trustworthy Paper Documents
In the first part of this paper, we propose a watermarking method for text documents that is less vulnerable to attacks than previous methods. In the second part, we propose a method for protecting the actual content of the document. In a section of independent interest, we discuss the interplay between error-correcting codes and steganography.
654791
An image signature for any kind of image
We describe an algorithm for computing an image signature, suitable for first-stage screening for duplicate images. Our signature relies on the relative brightness of image regions, and is generally applicable to photographs, text documents, and line art. We give experimental results on the sensitivity and robustness of signatures for actual image collections, and also results on the robustness of signatures under transformations such as resizing, rescanning, and compression.
9584467
Improved Ranking Functions for Protein and Modification-Site Identifications
There are a number of computational tools for assigning identifications to peptide tandem mass spectra, but many fewer tools for the crucial next step of integrating spectral identifications into higher-level identifications, such as proteins or modification sites. Here we describe a new program called ComByne for scoring and ranking higher-level identifications. We compare ComByne to existing algorithms on several complex biological samples, including a sample of mouse blood plasma spiked with known concentrations of human proteins. A Web interface to our software is at http://bio.parc.xerox.com.
6736227
VLSI implementation of an energy-aware wake-up detector for an acoustic surveillance sensor network
We present a low-power VLSI wake-up detector for a sensor network that uses acoustic signals to localize ground-based vehicles. The detection criterion is the degree of low-frequency periodicity in the acoustic signal, and the periodicity is computed from the “bumpiness” of the autocorrelation of a one-bit version of the signal. We then describe a CMOS ASIC that implements the periodicity estimation algorithm. The ASIC is fully functional and its core consumes 835 nanowatts. It was integrated into an acoustic enclosure and deployed in field tests with synthesized sounds and ground-based vehicles.
15116838
Lateral connectivity as a scaffold for developing orientation preference maps
Abstract In the visual cortex of the cat and ferret, it is established that orientation selectivity is the consequence of experience-dependent plasticity. Recent experiments, however, indicate that the layout of orientation maps is remarkably stable and experience-independent. We present a model to account for these seemingly paradoxical results. In this model, a scaffold consisting of anisotropic lateral connections is laid down in horizontal circuitry prior to visual experience. These lateral connections provide an experience-independent framework for the developing orientation map by inducing broad orientation tuning. Adult-like, sharp orientation tuning emerges as the result of experience-dependent plasticity of the feedforward connections. This plasticity is modeled by the BCM synaptic plasticity rule in a natural scene environment. This model simultaneously satisfies the requirements of plasticity and stability that are seen in experiment. In addition, this model provides an explanation of the phenomenon where two eyes without common visual experience develop similar orientation maps.
1562350
Constructing Comparative Genome Maps with Unresolved Marker Order
Comparative genome maps are a powerful tool for interpreting the genomes of related organisms. The species maps which are the input to the process of constructing comparative maps are often themselves constructed from incomplete or inconsistent data, resulting in markers (or genes) whose order is not fully resolved. This incomplete marker order information is often handled by placing markers whose relative order cannot be reliably inferred together in a bin which is mapped to a common location. Previous automated and manual methods have handled such markers in an ad hoc or arbitrary way. We present efficient algorithms for comparative map construction that provide a principled method for handling unresolved marker order. The algorithms are based on a technique for efficiently computing a marker order that optimizes a natural parsimony criterion; in this way, they also yield a working hypothesis about the original incomplete data set.
16600244
Heterogeneous integration of biomimetic acoustic microsystems
We discuss biologically inspired devices and architectures for acoustic processing microsystems. We exploit state of the art integrated microsystems technologies to heterogeneously integrate electronics and micromechanical structures for acoustic sensing and signal processing.
6053956
A low-power correlation-derivative CMOS VLSI circuit for bearing estimation
We present a CMOS integrated circuit (IC) for bearing estimation in the low-audio range that performs a correlation derivative approach in a 0.35-/spl mu/m technology. The IC calculates the bearing angle of a sound source with a mean variance of one degree in a 360/spl deg/ range using four microphones: one pair is used to produce the indication and the other to define the quadrant. An adaptive algorithm decides which pair to use depending on the direction of the incoming signal, in such a way to obtain the best estimate. The IC contains two blocks with 104 stages each. Every stage has a delay unit, a block to reduce the clock speed, and a 10-bit UP/DN counter. The IC measures 2 mm by 2.4 mm, and dissipates 600 /spl mu/W at 3.3 V and 200 kHz. It is purely digital and uses a one-bit quantization of the input signals.