119190579
Constraining the high-density behavior of the nuclear equation of state from strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions
The dynamics of pions and strange particles in heavy-ion collisions in the region of 1A GeV energies is investigated by the lanzhou quantum molecular dynamics model for probing the nuclear equation of state at suprasaturation densities. The total multiplicities and the ratios obtained in {sup 197}Au+{sup 197}Au over {sup 12}C+{sup 12}C systems are calculated for selected Skyrme parameters SkP, SLy6, Ska, and SIII, which correspond to different modulus of incompressibility of symmetric nuclear matter and different cases of the stiffness of symmetry energy. A decreasing trend of the excitation functions of the ratios for strange particle production with increasing incident energy was observed. The available data of K{sup +} production measured by KaoS collaboration are described well with the parameter SkP, which results in a soft equation of state. The conclusions cannot be modified by an in-medium kaon-nucleon potential.
122500187
THE ISOTOPIC AND NUCLEAR ORIENTATION EFFECTS ON THE PRODUCTION OF SUPER-HEAVY ELEMENTS
Based on a modified di-nuclear system model in which the nucleon transfer is coupled with the dissipation of energy and angular momentum, the isotopic dependence and the orientation (between the target and the projectile) effects on the evaporation residue cross section for synthesizing super-heavy nuclei are investigated. The calculated results indicate that the cross sections shows an odd-even effect and does not change much with increasing neutron number of the target. The influences of deformation and relative orientation of the projectile and target are also discussed. Our results show that the waist to waist orientation is in favor of the formation of super-heavy compound nuclei.
116960229
Dynamics in the production of superheavy nuclei in low-energy heavy-ion collisions
We present a review of the recent progress of theoretical models on the description of the formation of superheavy nuclei in collisions of heavy systems. Two sorts of reactions that are the fusion-evaporation mechanism and the massive damped collisions to produce superheavy nuclei are discussed. Problems and further improvements of the capture of colliding partners, the formation of compound nucleus and the de-excitation process are pointed out. Possible combinations in the synthesis of the gap of the cold fusion and $^{48}$Ca induced reactions are proposed by the calculations based on the dinuclear system model and also compared with other approaches. The synthesis of neutron-rich heavy isotopes near sub-shell closure N=162 via transfer reactions in the damped collisions of two actinides and the influence of shell closure on the production of heavy isotopes are investigated. Prospective possibility to reach superheavy nuclei near N=184 via neutron-rich radioactive beams of high intensity in the future is discussed.
119205672
Momentum dependence of the symmetry potential and its influence on nuclear reactions
A Skyrme-type momentum-dependent nucleon-nucleon force distinguishing isospin effect is parameterized and further implemented in the Lanzhou Quantum Molecular Dynamics (LQMD) model for the first time, which leads to a splitting of nucleon effective mass in nuclear matter. Based on the isospin- and momentum-dependent transport model, we investigate the influence of momentum-dependent symmetry potential on several isospin-sensitive observables in heavy-ion collisions. It is found that symmetry potentials with and without the momentum dependence but corresponding to the same density dependence of the symmetry energy result in different distributions of the observables. The mid-rapidity neutron/proton ratios at high transverse momenta and the excitation functions of the total $\pi^{-}/\pi^{+}$ and $K^{0}/K^{+}$ yields are particularly sensitive to the momentum dependence of the symmetry potential.
58937358
Particle production in antiproton-induced nuclear reactions
The quantum molecular dynamics model has been improved to investigate the reaction dynamics induced by antiprotons. The reaction channels of elastic scattering, annihilation, charge exchange, and inelastic collisions have been included in the model. Dynamics on particle production, in particular pions, kaons, antikaons, and hyperons, is investigated in collisions of (p) over bar on C-12, Ne-20, Ca-40, Sn-112, Ta-181, Au-197, and U-238 from a low to high incident momentum. The rapidity and momentum distributions of pi(+) and protons from the LEAR measurements can be well reproduced. The impacts of system size and incident momentum on particle emissions are investigated from the inclusive spectra, transverse momentum, and rapidity distributions. It is found that the annihilations of (p) over bar on nucleons are of importance on the particle production. Hyperons are mainly produced via meson induced reactions on nucleons and strangeness exchange collisions when the incident momentum is below the threshold value of annihilation reaction. A higher nuclear temperature is obtained from the kaon emission, but it has a lower value for hyperon production.
56089077
Dynamics of strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions near threshold energies
Within the framework of the improved isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics (ImIQMD) model, the dynamics of strangeness (K{sup 0,+}, {Lambda}, and {Sigma}{sup -,0,+}) production in heavy-ion collisions near threshold energies is investigated systematically, with the strange particles considered to be produced mainly by inelastic collisions of baryon-baryon and pion-baryon. Collisions in the region of suprasaturation densities of the dense baryonic matter formed in heavy-ion collisions dominate the yields of strangeness production. Total multiplicities as functions of incident energies and collision centralities are calculated with the Skyrme parameter SLy6. The excitation function of strangeness production is analyzed and also compared with the KaoS data for K{sup +} production in the reactions {sup 12}C+{sup 12}C and {sup 197}Au+{sup 197}Au.
122762455
TeV Gamma Ray Survey on the Direction of Fermi-LAT Pulsars with the Tibet Air Shower Array
We search for steady TeV γ-rays from 18 pulsars in the Fermi-LAT pulsar catalog using the Tibet air shower array. We observe 8 sources including the Crab against expected 0.41 sources at a significance of 2σ or more among the 18 pulsars. The chance probability from Poisson statistics is estimated to be 1.4×10-8.With the Crab excluded, it is estimated to be 1.8×10-7. These low chance probabilities clearly show that the Fermi pulsars have a statistically significant correlation with TeV γ-ray excesses observed by the Tibet air shower array.