3193958
The influence of protection, palliation and costs on mobility optimization of residents in nursing homes: a thematic analysis of discourse.
BACKGROUND
With the aging of the population, increasing numbers of older people live in nursing homes. Discourse such as policies and standards highlight the need to optimize the mobility independence of residents. This is expected to occur in a way that is safe for residents and staff whilst meeting the residents' needs. The influence of discourse on health care delivery can be poorly understood, being at times hidden or taken for granted. The aim of this study was to uncover discourse relevant to resident mobility optimization to enable the origins and reasoning behind existing and intersecting policy and practice to be critically appraised.


DESIGN
Narrative literature review and thematic analysis with a focus on discourse were employed for this study.


DATA SOURCES
Databases (CINAHL and Ovid Medline) and websites of relevant professional and governmental bodies were accessed.


METHOD
A literature search centered on retrieval of texts focused on discourses that influenced goals to optimize resident mobility. Database searches for texts covered the period from 1994 to 2011. Iterative thematic analysis focussed on the texts' socio-cultural context and influence.


FINDINGS
Four discourses emerged that potentially influence goals to optimize resident mobility: safe manual handling; falls prevention; palliative care; and costs and funding constraints to individualized care. These discourses may influence mobility care in the direction of more routinized, passive and dependency support approaches. A common overarching theme was that of collaboration and communication.


CONCLUSION
Discourses such as safe manual handling, falls prevention, palliative care and cost constraints to individualized care can negatively impact on the goal to optimize the mobility of residents in nursing homes. Inter-professional approaches where staff work collaboratively and communicate well may counter such influences and ensure individualized care that focuses more effectively on resident mobility.
3459683
Quality improvements in resident mobility care: using person- and relationship-centered frameworks.
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY
Research is needed to demonstrate the application of person- and relationship-centered care to nursing home practice. This article aimed to find a suitable person/relationship-centered framework to assist with mobility care practice improvements in nursing homes.


DESIGN AND METHOD
The authors discuss the task of mobility care, the nature of person- and relationship-centered care, and the significance of such approaches to mobility care. The Senses Framework (Nolan, Davies, Ryan, & Keady, 2008) is employed to develop mobility care practice improvement objectives.


RESULTS
The objectives are used to evaluate outcomes from 2 hypothetical scenarios to illustrate the possible value of the Senses Framework.


IMPLICATIONS
The Senses Framework facilitated development of objectives for mobility care practice improvement that considers the needs of all stakeholders.
33681413
The impact of manual handling on nursing home resident mobility during transfers on and off furniture: a systematic review.
This systematic review aimed to investigate the impact of staff manual handling practices and physical training interventions on nursing home residents' ability to transfer on and off furniture. Key words and subject headings were used to search databases for English language studies published after 1994. Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies of physical activity interventions indicated that physical activity training will benefit residents' transfer ability. One study examined the effect of a safe manual handling program on resident quality care outcomes. Further research is required into the nature and impact of the assistance provided by staff to residents during transfers. Innovative and sustainable approaches to safe manual handling that promote resident mobility are needed.
37632421
Replication of human hepatitis delta virus: influence of studies on subviral plant pathogens.
Publisher Summary This chapter discusses how the studies of the subviral pathogens of plants have influenced and continue to influence the nature of human hepatitis delta virus (HDV) research. Studies of the plant viroids and the plant satellite RNAs and viruses have had major effects, both direct and indirect, on the understanding of HDV. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) replicates in the liver and releases its DNA-containing particles into the bloodstream. The pathogenicity associated with HDV replication can be discussed at different levels. At the outset, HDV infection was considered to be a major risk factor for increased levels of liver damage. It seemed to be an agent that, in collaboration with HBV, could make HBV infections much more likely to lead to a fulminant hepatitis and to death. There are also data indicating that infection by certain genotypes of HDV can be, especially pathogenic. In an infected primate or woodchuck, HDV replication is typically associated with that of the helper hepadnavirus. Such a combination can be pathogenic. The presence of a host-immune response to either or both of these viruses can be associated with pathogenesis. The chapter discusses various initial application of molecular virology.
46164621
The rhetoric vs. the reality in child care and protection: ideology and practice in working with fathers.
Within child care and protection, practitioners can be paralysed by a fundamental gap between the rhetoric and the reality in engaging fathers in their children's care. In an earlier paper we argued that there is a lack of an effective framework to guide practice with fathers in child care and protection work. We examined how health visitors and social workers could begin to assess how fathers could be categorized as either (or both) a risk or an asset to the child. Based on a review of the literature we now explore the limitations of current models of practice and trace the theoretical strands that influence them, drawing from the legal framework, attachment theory and models for anti-oppressive practice. We then highlight messages for practice with fathers for health care professionals involved in child protection. The working context for this paper is Scotland, although we believe that the ideas may be extrapolated to other geographical areas.
3707230
Personality trait differences in boys and girls with clinical or sub-clinical diagnoses of conduct disorder versus antisocial personality disorder.
This study tested differences in personality traits measured by the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire (MPQ) in a community sample of adolescents with definite or probable conduct disorder (CD) diagnoses that did not progress to a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) by early adulthood (n=43), those with definite or probable ASPD that persisted into early adulthood (n=68), or controls with neither a CD nor an ASPD diagnosis (n=716) to examine whether antisocial behaviour disorders that differed in course were associated with differences in personality traits. As expected, boys and girls with ASPD were significantly different from controls on constraint, and those with ASPD were significantly lower on constraint than those with only CD. The results suggest that individual differences in certain personality traits may contribute to differences in the type of antisocial behaviour disorder that emerges and thereby to the course of antisocial behaviour.
8674073
Children, health and gender: recognition in nursing research?
AIM
This paper examines the hitherto mostly unrecognised relationship between gender, health and children; its significance for nursing practice and how it has been considered in nursing research.


BACKGROUND
Holistic nursing practice with children requires adequate assessment and consideration of all potential influences on children's lives. Socioeconomic disparities have received widespread attention and gender inequalities in adult health have been studied in some depth. The links between gender, health and children, however, have received little consideration. The paper first considers this context in depth; it then applies the context to research in practice.


DESIGN
Systematic review.


METHODS
A systematic literature search was undertaken on four mainstream nursing research journals over 38 months up to February 2007. A total of 567 articles met the key word searches. Duplicates, opinion pieces and articles not focusing on children were removed. The remaining 23 nursing studies relevant to child health were examined for their gender sensitivity.


RESULTS
Full consideration of gender issues was found largely to be absent in nursing research on children. Eight studies gave specific consideration to gender relevance, where boys and girls may have responded differently to care. Only six studies specifically addressed gender sensitivity. Allowing children a voice, however, was a strength in these studies, with 18 reflecting children's views directly.


CONCLUSIONS
Major gaps still exist in research and theorisation relating to children, health and gender. These need to be acknowledged and investigated, particularly in relation to how they might impact on nursing care.


RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE
Nursing practice and research needs to account for all potential health issues, of which gender may often be important.
27724235
Avian RNA tumor virus DNA before and after integration into the host genome.