9934399
Designing social presence of social actors in human computer interaction
This study examines the interaction effect between user factors and media factors on feelings of social presence which are critical in the design of virtual reality systems and human computer interfaces. Both Experiment 1 and Experiment 2 show that matching synthesized voice personality to user personality positively affects users' (especially extrovert users') feelings of social presence. Experiment 2 also reveals that users feel a stronger sense of social presence when the personality of synthesized voice matches the personality of textual content than when those two are mismatched. In both experiments, extrovert voice induces a stronger sense of presence than introvert voice. These results provide strong evidence for human's automatic social responses to artificial representations possessing humanistic properties such as language and personality. Finally, we discuss various applications of these findings in the design of human computer interfaces, as well as in the study of presence.
17049592
Does computer-generated speech manifest personality? an experimental test of similarity-attraction
This study examines whether people would interpret and respond to paralinguistic personality cues in computer-generated speech in the same way as they do human speech. Participants used a book-buying website and heard five book reviews in a 2 (synthesized voice personality: extrovert vs. introvert) by 2 (participant personality: extrovert vs. introvert) balanced, between-subjects experiment. Participants accurately recognized personality cues in TTS and showed strong similarity-attraction effects. Although the content was the same for all participants, when the personality of the computer voice matched their own personality: 1) participants regarded the computer voice as more attractive, credible, and informative; 2) the book review was evaluated more positively; 3) the reviewer was more attractive and credible; and 4) participants were more likely to buy the book. Match of user voice characteristics with TTS had no effect, confirming the social nature of the interaction. We discuss implications for HCI theory and design.
10984576
Are physically embodied social agents better than disembodied social agents?: The effects of physical embodiment, tactile interaction, and people's loneliness in human-robot interaction
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of physical embodiment in human-agent interaction. Experiment 1 (N=32) shows positive effects of physical embodiment on the feeling of an agent's social presence, the evaluation of the agent, the assessment of public evaluation of the agent, and the evaluation of the interaction with the agent. A path analysis reveals that the feeling of the agent's social presence mediates the participants' evaluation of the social agent. Experiment 2 (N=32) shows that physical embodiment with restricted tactile interaction causes null or even negative effects in human-agent interaction. In addition, Experiment 2 indicates that lonely people feel higher social presence of social agents, and provide more positive social responses to social agents than non-lonely people. The importance of physical embodiment and tactile communication in human-agent interaction and the diverse role of social robots, especially for the lonely population, are discussed.
15404238
Process resurrection: a fast recovery mechanism for real-time embedded systems
This paper describes a fast recovery mechanism that meets the requirements of embedded real-time systems. In general purpose computing, restart is an established technology for achieving high availability. Restart has also been used in soft real-time systems where the temporary interruption of service is undesirable but acceptable. However, it has not been widely used in small embedded real-time systems with hard deadlines, mainly because the traditional approaches do not meet their requirements of low memory and processor overhead, and fast response times with little variations. We have developed process resurrection, a novel restart mechanism for recovering from crash failures to meet these requirements. The experiments on an inverted pendulum control system shows that it can recover the control process in time after a crash (eg. segmentation fault). Another experiment conducted on an MP3 audio player shows that this technique is also applicable to some multimedia applications.
6972987
Scalable service differentiation in a shared storage cache
Motivated by the need to enable easier data sharing and curb rising storage management costs, storage systems are becoming increasingly consolidated and thereby shared by a large number of users and applications. In such environments, service differentiation becomes increasingly important. Since caching is a fundamental and pervasive technique employed to improve the performance of storage systems, providing differentiated services from a storage cache is a crucial component of the entire end-to-end QoS solution. In this paper we discuss a QoS architecture for a shared storage proxy cache which can provide long-term hit rate assurances to competing classes. The proposed architecture consists of three components: (a) per-class feedback controllers that track the performance of each class, (b) a fairness controller that allocates excess resources fairly in the case when all goals are met, and (c) a contention resolver that decides cache allocation in the case when at least one class does not meet its target hit rate. We compare the performance of various feedback per-class controllers, and provide guidelines for designing QoS mechanisms for such a dynamic environment.
11611370
A component model for building systems software
OpenCOM v2 is our experimental language-independent component-based systems-building technology. OpenCOM offers more than merely a component-based programming model. First, it is a runtime component model and supports dynamic runtime reconfiguration of systems (i.e. one can load, unload, bind, and rebind components at runtime). Second, it explicitly supports the deployment of the model in a wide range of ‘deployment environments’ (e.g. operating systems, PDAs, embedded devices, network processors). Third, it allows the particularities of different deployment environments to be selectively hidden from/ made visible to the OpenCOM programmer without inherent performance overhead.
30255791
Adaptive Model-Based Multi-person Tracking
This paper proposes a method for tracking and identifying persons from video image frames taken by a fixed camera. The majority of conventional video tracking surveillance systems assumes a likeness to a person's appearance for some time, and existing human tracking systems usually consider short-term situations. To address this situation, we use an adaptive background and human body model updated statistically frame-by-frame to correctly construct a person with body parts. The formed person is labeled and recorded in a person's list, which stores the individual's human body model details. Such recorded information can be used to identify tracked persons. The results of this experiment are demonstrated in several indoor situations.
14233498
Efficient mobility management for multimedia service in wireless IP networks
Multimedia service in wireless IP networks, most delays and disruptions happening on the handoff of nodes are related to AAA. There were many studies on attempting to reduce the delay happening on the handoffs, and among them, there is the shadow registration as a suitable method for seamless mobility. Shadow registration is a method preparing against the following handoff by registering to all neighboring cells in prior, and is efficient in reducing the handoff delay. However, this method causes heavy traffic as well as the waste of resources. In order to prohibit the increase of traffic among the nodes while having the reducing effect on delay time, we proposes a technique and algorithm for composing region-based shadow registration (RSR) that provides seamless mobility, which does not cause traffic and the waste of resources. We have introduced a cell division scheme for minimal shadow registration and its algorithm. The results of the experiments performed by simulations displayed the identical effect of reducing the delay as shadow registration while significantly reducing the traffic among the nodes.