13313549
Modeling of intra-die process variations for accurate analysis and optimization of nano-scale circuits
This paper proposes the use of Karhunen-Loeve expansion (KLE) for accurate and efficient modeling of intra-die correlations in the semiconductor manufacturing process. We demonstrate that the KLE provides a significantly more accurate representation, of the underlying stochastic process compared to the traditional approach of dividing the layout into grids and applying principal component analysis (PCA). By comparing the results of leakage analysis using both KLE and the existing approaches, we show that using KLE can provide up to 4-5times reduction in the variability space (number of random variables) while maintaining the same accuracy. We also propose an efficient leakage minimization algorithm that maximizes the leakage yield while satisfying probabilistic constraints on the delay
11529301
Modeling within-die spatial correlation effects for process-design co-optimization
Within-die spatial correlation of device parameter values caused by manufacturing variations has a significant impact on circuit performance. Based on experimental and simulation results, we: (1) characterize the spatial correlation of gate length over a full-field range of horizontal and vertical separation; (2) develop a rudimentary spatial correlation model; and (3) investigate its impact an the variability of circuit performance.
6475869
Modeling and minimization of PMOS NBTI effect for robust nanometer design
Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) has become the dominant reliability concern for nanoscale PMOS transistors. In this paper, a predictive model is developed for the degradation of NBTI in both static and dynamic operations. Model scalability and generality are comprehensively verified with experimental data over a wide range of process and bias conditions. By implementing the new model into SPICE for an industrial 90nm technology, key insights are obtained for the development of robust design solutions: (1) the most effective techniques to mitigate the NBTI degradation are VDD tuning, PMOS sizing, and reducing the duty cycle; (2) an optimal VDD exists to minimize the degradation of circuit performance; (3) tuning gate length or the switching frequency has little impact on the NBTI effect; (4) a new switching scenario is identified for worst case timing analysis during NBTI stress
8145594
Effects of global interconnect optimizations on performance estimation of deep submicron design
In this paper, we quantify the impact of global interconnect optimization techniques that address such design objectives as delay, peak noise, delay uncertainty due to noise, power, and cost. In doing so, we develop a new system-performance simulation model as a set of studies within the MARCO GSRC Technology Extrapolation (GTX) system. We model a typical point-to-point global interconnect and focus on accurate assessment of both circuit and design technology with respect to such issues as inductance, signal line shielding, dynamic delay, buffer placement uncertainty and repeater staggering. We demonstrate, for example, that optimal wire sizing models need to consider inductive effects-and that use of more accurate (-1,3) worst-case capacitive coupling noise switch factors substantially increases peak noise estimates compared to traditional (0,2) bounds. We also find that optimal repeater sizes are significantly smaller than conventional models would suggest, especially when considering energy-delay issues.
1446657
Fast Statistical Circuit Analysis with Finite-Point Based Transistor Model
A new approach of transistor modeling is developed for fast statistical circuit simulation in the presence of variations. For both I-V and C-V characteristics of a transistor, finite data points are identified by their physical meaning; the impact of process and design variations is embedded into these points as closed-form expressions. Then, the entire I-V and C-V are extrapolated using polynomial formulas. This novel approach significantly enhances the simulation speed with sufficient accuracy. The model is implemented in Verilog-A at 65nm node. Compared to simulations with the BSIM model, the computation time can be reduced by 7times in transient analysis and 9times in Monte-Carlo simulations
2078204
Multi-domain Lambda Grid data portal for collaborative Grid applications
This paper presents the iGrid2005 demonstration of the multi-domain Lambda Grid data portal to enable collaborative Grid applications to retrieve gigabyte-size scientific datasets on demand over a wide-area Lambda Grid test-bed spanning across the United States and Europe. The data portal allows collaborative users to register and discover distributed datasets across a multi-domain Lambda Grid through a web-service based dataset registry and search engine, and to deliver the discovered datasets through dynamic established lightpaths to specified computing cluster locations for dataset manipulation. The data portal employs the novel Secure Photonic Inter-domain Negotiator (SPIN) as a secure multidomain control plane to set up dynamic lightpaths between the source and destination clusters for respective storage and manipulation of the discovered datasets over a multi-domain Lambda Grid. The data portal employs lamhda-aware middleware and transport protocol to optimize transfer of the discovered datasets over the dynamic established lightpaths. Implementation details and observed performance results from the demonstrations of the SPIN-based Lambda Grid data portal are reported.
6260783
Style components
We propose a novel method for interactive editing of motion data based on motion decomposition. Our method employs Independent Component Analysis (ICA) to separate motion data into visually meaningful components called style components. The user then interactively identifies suitable style components and manipulates them based on a proposed set of operations. In particular, the user can transfer style components from one motion to another in order to create new motions that retain desirable aspects of the style and expressiveness of the original motion. For example, a clumsy walking motion can be decomposed so as to separate the clumsy nature of the motion from the underlying walking pattern. The clumsy style component can then be applied to a running motion, which will then yield a clumsy-looking running motion. Our approach is simple, efficient and intuitive since the components are themselves motion data. We demonstrate that the proposed method can serve as an effective tool for interactive motion analysis and editing.