22924389
User preference: A measure of query-term quality
205485574
Assessing term effectiveness in the interactive information access process
This study addresses the question of whether the way in which sets of query terms are identified has an impact on the effectiveness of users' information seeking efforts. Query terms are text strings used as input to an information access system; they are products of a method or grammar that identifies a set of query terms. We conducted an experiment that compared the effectiveness of sets of query terms identified for a single book by three different methods. One had been previously prepared by a human indexer for a back-of-the-book index. The other two were identified by computer programs that used a combination of linguistic and statistical criteria to extract terms from full text. Effectiveness was measured by (1) whether selected query terms led participants to correct answers and (2) how long it took participants to obtain correct answers. Our results show that two sets of terms - the human terms and the set selected according to the linguistically more sophisticated criteria - were significantly more effective than the third set of terms. This single case demonstrates that query languages do have a measurable impact on the effectiveness of query term languages in the interactive information access process. The procedure described in this paper can be used to assess the effectiveness for information seekers of query terms identified by any query language.
35490802
Mining Condensed and Lossless Association Rules by Pruning Redundancy
There are excessive and disordered rules generated by traditional approaches of association rule mining, many of which are redundant, so that they are difficult for users to understand and make use of. Han et al pointed out the bottleneck of association rules mining is not on whether we can derive the complete set of rules under certain constraints efficiently but on whether we can derive a compact but high quality set of rules. To solve this problem, a new method was represented, which is based on statistics and probability to get a condensed rules set by removing redundant rules. Our set of rules is more concise, more intelligible and easier to manage and use than others. Especially, the condensed set is lossless so that its switch to original rules-set can be realized. Itpsilas important because the switch keeps the information complete. Experiments on some datasets show that the number of rules in rules-set has been reduced greatly.
17142920
Service-Oriented Integration of Systems for Military Capability
Service oriented architecture (SOA) is becoming established in computing as a means to integrate processing and data across organisations. This paper proposes that system-level integration can benefit from service oriented architectural descriptions and loose coupling between the problem domain requirements and different system solutions. The problem domain is exemplified as military capability, from the UK Ministry of Defence (MoD), in particular, network enabled capability (NEC). Representations of military capability in the problem domain can be described in terms of processes. The processes are sequences of functions that can be described as services. Then different types of system solutions can implement the described services. Firstly, the paper presents an overview of conceptual SOA and in the context of military capability compares three levels of service integration: business services, systems services and computing services. Secondly, the paper presents a framework for evaluating the performance and effectiveness of service integration to compare different solutions in delivering military capability.
3090205
Challenges for End-to-End Quality of Service in Heterogeneous Networks
To guarantee the end-to-end QoS (E2E Quality of Service) in heterogeneous network is an important issue to provide pervasive and trusted service. Currently, the different networks are optimized for different services, but it becomes urgent to provide pervasive service across different networks. This paper gives an overview on how to design a dynamic and integrated QoS architecture under heterogeneous networks. This paper firstly analyzes the actuality of the E2E quality of service in heterogeneous networks, and then discusses the requirements of the E2E QoS of two types of heterogeneous networks, finally points out the five key issues to solve the practical problem in the current network.
13366067
Tarsal and Metatarsal Bone Mineral Density Measurement Using Volumetric Quantitative Computed Tomography
A new method for measuring bone mineral density (BMD) of the tarsal and metatarsals is described using volumetric quantitative computed tomography (VQCT) in subjects with diabetes mellitus and peripheral neuropathy. VQCT images of a single foot were acquired twice from eight subjects (mean age 51 [11 SD], seven males, one female). The cortical shells of the seven tarsal and five metatarsal bones were identified and semiautomatically segmented from adjacent bones. Volume and BMD of each bone were measured separately from the two acquired scans for each subject. Whole-bone semiautomatic segmentation measurement errors were determined as the root mean square coefficient of variation for the volume and BMD of 0.8% and 0.9%, respectively. In addition to the whole-bone segmentation methods, we performed atlas-based partitioning of subregions within the second metatarsal for all subjects, from which the volumes and BMDs were obtained for each subregion. The subregion measurement BMD errors (root mean square coefficient of variation) within the shaft, proximal end, and distal end were shown to vary by approximately 1% between the two scans of each subject. The new methods demonstrated large variations in BMDs between the 12 bones of the foot within a subject and between subjects, and between subregions within the second metatarsal. These methods can provide an important outcome measure for clinical research trials investigating the effects of interventions, aging, or disease progression on bone loss, or gain, in individual foot bones.
10474493
Calculation of intermodulation distortion in CMOS transconductance stage
The linearity of the transconductance stage is of major concern in the design of some analog circuits. In this paper, Volterra series expansion is used to compute the intermodulation distortion of high frequency CMOS transconductance stage with source degeneration resistor. The MOS model used in this paper includes short-channel effects and gate-source capacitance, gate-drain capacitance, and output resistance of the MOS transistor. Analytical results are compared with simulation results and the influences of circuit parameters on circuit linearity are discussed.