Expression and Localization of S-Adenosylhomocysteine-Hydrolase in the Rat Kidney Following Carbon Monoxide Induced Hypoxia
Background/Aims: Tissue hypoxia induces a variety of functional changes including enhanced transcriptional activity associated with high transmethylation activity (e.g. mRNA cap methylation) in the nucleus. It is well known that the kidney responds to hypoxia with enhanced transcription of erythropoietin (EPO) in the interstitial cells. Since S-adenosylhomocysteine (AdoHcy)-hydrolase regulates most S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet) dependent transmethylation reactions by hydrolyzing the potent feedback inhibitor AdoHcy to adenosine and homocysteine we studied the effect of hypoxia by carbon monoxide (CO) inhalation (1200ppm) on AdoHcy-hydrolase gene expression and its localization in rat kidneys. Results: CO lowered renal AdoHcy-hydrolase mRNA expression by 64% whereas AdoHcy-hydrolase activity was not changed during 4h of CO exposure 0.7±0.04mU/mg (control) vs. 0.75±0.06mU/mg protein. Using two-channel immunofluorescence confocal laser scanning microscope AdoHcy-hydrolase was visualized in different cells of the hypoxic rat kidney. A very bright immunofluorescence of AdoHcy-hydrolase was observed in the nuclei of single interstitial cells of renal cortex and outer medulla which respond to hypoxia with increased EPO secretion indicating translocation of AdoHcy-hydrolase from the cytosol to the nucleus. Conclusions: These data suggest that AdoHcy-hydrolase accumulation in the nucleus of adult mammalian cells is involved in maintaining efficient transmethylation reactions in transcriptionally active cells by removing the product inhibitor AdoHcy.