Empirical Method for Predicting the Magnus Characteristics of Spinning Shells
Nomenclature db = base diameter, calibers flfref = reference diameter, calibers Cn =zero yaw Magnus moment coefficient derivative ° 8Cn/(dadp) Cy = zero yaw Magnus force coefficient derivative Pa d C y / ( d a d p ) L = total projectile length, calibers lbt = boattail length, calibers M freestream Mach number p = spin rate p = nondimensional spin/?£/ref/(2K) r = local body radius V = freestream velocity xcg = center of gravity, calibers from nose a = angle of attack, deg Qbt = boattail angle, deg ' r? = Howarth-Mangler variable