A simple polarization calibrator.
The theory, design, and performance of a simple polarization calibrator based upon the polarization of specularly reflected light are presented and discussed. A formula is derived for the Rubenson degree of polarization of specularly reflected light in terms of the angle of incidence and the refractive index (real) of the material of the reflector. Criteria are presented for the design of an optimal diaphragm to minimize the depolarizing effects of light that has undergone a single internal reflection inside the body of the reflector.