Chinese coastal seas are facing heavy atmospheric nitrogen deposition
As the amount of reactive nitrogen (N) generated and emitted increases the amount of N deposition and its contribution to eutrophication or harmful algal blooms in the coastal zones are becoming issues of environmental concern. To quantify N deposition in coastal seas of China we selected six typical coastal sites from North to South in 2011. Concentrations of NH3, HNO3, NO2, particulate NH4 (pNH4 ) and pNO3 ranged from 1.97–4.88, 0.46–1.22, 3.03–7.09, 2.24–4.90 and 1.13–2.63 μgNm �3 at Dalian (DL), Changdao (CD), Linshandao (LS), Fenghua (FH), Fuzhou (FZ), and Zhanjiang (ZJ) sites, respectively. Volume-weighted NO3 –N and NH4 –N concentrations in precipitation varied from 0.46 to 1.67 and 0.47 to 1.31 mg N L �1 at the six sites. Dry, wet and total deposition rates of N were 7.8–23.1, 14.2–25.2 and 22.0–44.6 kg N ha �1 yr �1 across the six coastal sites. Average N dry deposition accounted for 45.4% of the total deposition and NH3 and pNH4 contributed to 76.6% of the dry deposition. If we extrapolate our total N deposition of 33.9 kg N ha �1 yr �1 to the whole Chinese coastal sea area (0.40 million km 2 ), total N deposition amounts to 1.36 Tg N yr �1 , a large external N input to