Onsager's inequality, the Landau-Feynman ansatz and superfluidity
We revisit an inequality due to Onsager, which states that the (quantum) liquid structure factor has an upper bound of the form , for not too large modulus of the wave vector . This inequality implies the validity of the Landau criterion in the theory of superfluidity with a definite, nonzero critical velocity. We prove an auxiliary proposition for general Bose systems, together with which we arrive at a rigorous proof of the inequality for one of the very few solvable examples of an interacting Bose fluid, Girardeau's model. The latter proof demonstrates the importance of the thermodynamic limit of the structure factor, which must be taken initially at . It also substantiates very well the heuristic density functional arguments, which are also shown to hold exactly in the limit of large wavelengths. We also briefly discuss which features of the proof may be present in higher dimensions, as well as some open problems related to superfluidity of trapped gases.