Nano-optical imaging of exciton polaritons inside WSe2 waveguides
Exciton polaritons, which are hybrid modes between photons and excitons in semiconductors, attract broad research interests in both fundamental science and technological applications. Previous studies are focused on far-field spectroscopy of exciton polaritons with cavity or prism coupling. Here we report on real-space nano-optical imaging study of exciton polaritons using the near-field scanning optical microscopy. The observed polaritons are formed by coupling between photons and excitons in thin flakes of group VI transition-metal dichalcogenides and they show sensitive dependence with the flake thickness. The wavelength of these exciton polaritons can reach as low as 300 nm. By tuning the excitation laser energy, we are able to map the entire polariton dispersion both above and below the A exciton energy. Further analysis indicates that polaritons can propagate over many microns below the exciton energy but are subject to strong Landau damping above.