Serum calcium ions, ratio of calcium/ creatinine urine and bone mass density in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women
Early diagnosis of osteoporosis is important to take early prevention and treatment. Dual energy X-ray absorbtiometry (DEXA) scan is gold standard diagnosis of osteoporosis. However, it is high technology and high cost. Biochemical marker using calcium could be developed for diagnosis of osteoporosis. The study was conducted to evaluate the correlation between serum calcium ions level as well as urine calcium and urine creatinine (UCa/UCr) ratio and Bone Mineral Density (BMD) in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. This was an observational study with cross-sectional design involving women aged 45-75 years who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Bone Mineral Density was measured using DEXA method. Serum and urine calcium ions were measured using ISE method, while serum and urine creatinine were determined using Jaffe method. Ratio of UCa/UCr were then calculated. The correlation between serum calcium ions as well as the ratio UCa/UCr and BMD of subjects were then analyzed. A total 63 subjects were involved in this study consists of 21 normal subjects, 22 subjects with osteopenia and 20 subjects with osteoporosis. Negative correlation between BMD and age (r=-0.591; p=0.001) and positive correlation between BMD and body mass index (BMI) (r=0.432; p=0.001) were observed. No correlation between serum calcium ions and BMD (r= -0.145; p=0.258), however negative correlation between UCa/UCr ratio and BMD (r=-0.310; p=0.013) were reported. Furthermore, no correlation was found between serum calcium ions and lumbar BMD (r=0.036; p=0.778), while negative correlation was found between UCa/UCr ratio and lumbar BMD (r= - 0.414; p=0.001). In conclusion, there is no correlation between serum calcium ions levels and BMD, however there is a weak negative correlation between UCa/UCr ratio and BMD