Wilcoxon and t Test for Matched Pairs of Typed Subjects
Abstract In paired comparisons of a treatment and control, it frequently happens that the two members of each pair can be classified into distinguishable types. The completely randomized design, which assigns the members of each pair at random to treatment and control, then may by chance assign the treatment primarily to subjects of one type and thereby confound treatment and type. This difficulty can be avoided by restricting the randomization. We find that such restriction is desirable by analyzing several of the standard tests (Wilcoxon, t, and tests for dichotomous response) for efficiency and deficiency.