X-ray Emission From Accretion Disks of AGN: Signatures of Supermassive Black Holes
In this chapter we discuss the X-ray radiation from relativistic accretion disks around supermassive black holes, supposed to exist in the centers of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Our focus is on the X-ray radiation, especially in the Fe K$\alpha$ line which originates in the innermost parts of an accretion disk. Moreover, here we discuss some effects which can disturb the Fe K$\alpha$ profile and cause its rapid and irregular variability, observed in the X-ray spectra of some AGN. We will pay attention to three such effects: perturbations in the disk emissivity, absorbtion by warm absorbers and gravitational microlensing. The X-ray emission from accretion disks around non-rotating (Schwarzschild metric), as well as rotating (Kerr metric) supermassive black holes, is discussed. The X-ray radiation of AGN is probably produced in a compact region near their central supermassive black holes, and can provide us some essential information about the plasma conditions and the space-time geometry in these regions. The goal of this chapter is mainly to present a short overview of some important and recent investigations in this field.