Laparoscopic heminephroureterectomy for duplex kidney anomalies in the pediatric population.
OBJECTIVE
Despite increasing acceptance of laparoscopy in pediatric urology, few published data are available on laparoscopic heminephroureterectomy in patients with duplex kidney anomalies. In the present study, we report our own experiences with this technique.


PATIENTS AND METHODS
From August 2003 to January 2006, five laparoscopic heminephroureterectomies were performed in four girls with a mean age of 41 (9-67) months. In all cases, a non-functioning upper pole with an obstructive (n=4) or refluxing (n=1) megaureter was found. The upper pole was resected laparoscopically en bloc with the megaureter using three to four trocars.


RESULTS
Mean follow-up was 42.4 (+/-7.9) months. All procedures were performed successfully without conversion to open surgery with a mean operative time of 190 (170-210)min. Blood loss was minimal and no intraoperative complications occurred. Despite chronic inflammation in the resected specimens, the patients showed no clinical signs of infection postoperatively. The average length of hospital stay was 5.6 (4-7) days. All patients were followed using duplex sonography.


CONCLUSIONS
These data demonstrate that, even in infants, laparoscopic heminephroureterectomy is feasible and associated with minimal morbidity, a better cosmetic result and a shorter hospital stay compared to open surgery. The main disadvantage of the laparoscopic approach is a longer operative time. Laparoscopic heminephroureterectomy is a technically demanding procedure and should be performed only in specialized centers.