Screening of marine microalgae for bioremediation of cadmium-polluted seawater.
Twenty four strains out of 191 marine microalgal strains exhibited cadmium (Cd) resistance. They were tested for their Cd removal ability in growth media containing 50 microM Cd. Six strains out of 19 green algae and one out of five cyanobacteria removed more than 10% of total Cd from the medium. The marine green alga Chlorella sp. NKG16014 showed the highest removal of Cd 48.7% of total. Cd removal by NKG16014 was further quantitatively evaluated by measuring the amount of cell adsorption and intracellular accumulation. After 12 days incubation, 67% of the removed Cd was accumulated intracellularly and 25% of the Cd removed was adsorbed on the algal cell surface. The maximum Cd adsorption (qmax) was estimated to be 37.0 mg Cd (g dry cells)-1 using the Langmuir sorption model. The Cd removal by freeze-dried NKG16014 cells was also determined. Cd was more quickly adsorbed by dried cells than that by living cells, with a qmax of 91.0 mg Cd (g dry cells)-1.