Balancing Value Bracketing with the Integration of Moral Values in Psychotherapy: Evaluation of a Clinical Practice from the Perspective of Catholic Moral Theology
Value bracketing is a clinical practice proposed by graduate-level mental health counseling educators to help therapists-in-training learn how to avoid imposing their private values on clients as well as how to manage value conflicts with clients that emerge during the course of therapy. With value bracketing during professional work, a therapist does not refer to his or her private values so as not to influence a client’s decision-making process. When some academic writers describe this practice, however, they risk overemphasizing the distinction made between a therapist’s private values and the professional values that regulate his or her clinical work. This overemphasis is especially apparent in the assertion that a therapist’s religious morality must be entirely separated from the ethics of professional practice. In contrast with this viewpoint, I maintain that a Catholic therapist can both avoid imposing values on clients while at the same time balance value bracketing with the integration of religious morality into professional work. I approach this integration in two ways. First, I approach therapy from the perspective of the intellectual tradition from which value bracketing originates (the tradition of qualitative research involving phenomenological interviewing). From this perspective, I agree that bracketing is methodologically necessary during the stage of clinical interviewing but not necessarily during the stage of treatment planning (when both therapist and client consent to seek particular treatment goals). Second, I outline moral criteria derived from the Catholic intellectual tradition that can help therapists exercise practical wisdom when discerning their professional involvement in how clients will apply treatment outcomes outside of the therapy. Summary: The goal of the foregoing discussion has been to explore how therapists might balance the clinical practice of value bracketing with a supplemental practice of value integration. Ways were sought for Catholic therapists to adopt the practice of value bracketing without it requiring the professional affirmation (in thought, word, or deed) of client decisions and behaviors that contradict the therapist’s private value system. An integration strategy to professional acculturation was explored where students and professionals seek to balance value bracketing with value integration. This balance is primarily to be located in the collaborative work of the therapist and the client when formulating a treatment plan together. At this stage of clinical work, a Catholic therapist consents to seek goals not only as a professional but also as a follower of Christ.