Building enabling conditions for integrated coastal management at the national scale in Tanzania
Abstract Applying the orders of outcome framework introduced by Olsen et al. (Crafting Coastal Governance in a Changing World, The Coastal Resources Center, Narragansett, 2003, 376pp.), this article describes how the Tanzania Coastal Management Partnership (TCMP) built the enabling conditions necessary to establish a national integrated coastal management (ICM) program in Tanzania. The article shows how the TCMP created a nested governance system that features partnering with national and district government agencies, local ICM programs, scientists and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). The article introduces the regional East African context and local Tanzanian context for coastal management—contexts that have provided strong roots for ICM in Tanzania, and a body of experience on which to construct a national ICM program. The article outlines the key management strategies used by the TCMP to create enabling conditions for a national ICM program, describes how the national ICM Strategy was approved, and finally presents the key outcomes seen by the Partnership by early 2004.