Liver Biomarkers in Diabetes mellitus, Prediabetes and Periodontal Disease: Evidence of Triangular Correlation
It is known that patients with fatty liver disease and periodontal disease (PD) are at risk for developing diabetes mellitus (DM) and vice versa. However, evidence of any triangular correlation as well as epidemiological data from rural communities of low-mid income countries. This study evaluated the correlation and differences in average levels of blood sugar, liver biomarkers and PD indices among patients attending orodental clinic Volunteer hospital clients were classified into prediabetes, prediabetes-PD, diabetic-PD and control. Blood glucose levels (BGL), lipid profile and orodental examinations were investigated. Analysis included correlation of BGL with clinical attachment loss (CAL) and gingival recession (GR); as well as liver biomarkers. Gender differences in all assessed parameters were also determined. Results showed that BGL in groups strongly correlates with levels of CAL (r = 0.74), GR depths (r = 0.72), serum protein (r = 0.88) and total bilirubin(r = 0.71). The PD indices also showed moderate to strong correlations with liver enzymes (r = 0.44), total bilirubin(r = 0.82) andserum protein(r = 0.60). Lipid profile was neither correlated nor significant, except total cholesterol being significantly higher in men (p < 0.01). Conclusion, there is considerable correlation between the triad of BGL, liver biomarkers and PD indices. This observation extends the knowledge of diabetesperiodontal two-way relationship to include liver functions. The non-significant higher dyslipidaemia in DMperiodontal co-morbidity relative to periodontal-prediabetes may indicate a pathophysiology different from nonperiodontal-prediabetes, but affirms implication of liver and oral health in diabetes pathogenesis.