A Physics-Based TCAD Simulator for Superconducting Electronics Based on Josephson Junctions
Superconducting electronics are promising candidates for complementing semiconductor electronics. However, a comprehensive suite of superconducting design and simulation tools that is necessary to streamline and automate the design process is either nonexistent or very limited. Here, we describe Synopsys’ advances in the technology computer-aided design (TCAD) front for physics-based simulation of superconducting electronics based on Josephson junctions (JJs). We employ Keldysh–Gor’kov–Nambu Green's function formalism within the context of the self-consistent mean-field theory of Bogoliubov and de-Gennes to simulate the equilibrium and transport properties of JJ-based devices in one dimension. Using these Green's functions, we calculate various electrical properties and effects, including order parameter and proximity effect, current-phase characteristics and current-density distribution for arbitrary temperatures, material properties and composition, and device dimensions. We further expand the TCAD simulator using the Floquet–Keldysh–Gor’kov–Nambu Green's function for calculating current-voltage characteristics of JJs in nonequilibrium and capture various quantum mechanical effects including multiple Andreev reflections (MAR) for constant applied voltage.