Efficacy of Influenza Inoculation: Intradermal versus Subcutaneous Route.
Intradermal injection of antigen can theoretically produce the same antibody response as 10-20% of the volume required for subcutaneous injection. This paper demonstrates equal efficacy of intradermal injection of Fluviral vaccine as compared to subcutaneous injection in an ambulatory geriatric population. There was no difference in adverse reactions between the two groups. A significant portion of both groups did not develop protective HAI antibody level to or more than 1/40.