Meta-Analysis of the Impact of Job Embeddedness on Employee Attitudes and Employee Performance: A Study on Commercial Banks in Egypt
Background: Job Embeddedness (JE) is a core construct in the literature. However, there is considerably less evidence on its positive effects on Employee Attitudes (EA) and Employee Performance (EP).Purpose: The objective of this study is to provide empirical evidence on the relationships between JE, EA and EP. This paper also seeks to present the theoretical development of JE, Job Satisfaction (JS), Organizational Commitment (OC), EP and their application to employees at Egyptian Commercial Banks (ECB) practices.Research Design/Methodology: The method applied is to assess positive JE (JE Questionnaire, Mitchell et al.,2001), JS (JS Survey, Judge, & Bono, 2001; Best & Thurston, 2004), OC (OC Questionnaire, Porter et al., 1974;Trimble, 2006) and EP (EP Questionnaire, Black & Porter, 1991; Caligiuri, 1997). Out of the 382 questionnaires that were distributed to employees at ECB, 315 usable questionnaires were returned, a response rate of 82%.Findings: The results indicated the expected significant positive relationships between JE, JS, OC and EP. In other words, fit, links and sacrifice significantly correlated with EA and EP. The results also supported the hypothesizedmodel. The study findings support the view that JE, JS, OC, EP are related constructs.Practical Implications: The study suggests that ECB can improve EA and EP by influencing its JE, specifically,by developing fit, links and sacrifice. The study provided that it is necessary to pay more attention to the dimensions of JE as a key source for organizations to enhance the competitive advantage which is of prime significance for EA and EP.Originality/Value: JE is valuable for evaluating employee retention at ECB. The study observes that there is acritical shortage of JE and that a greater understanding of the factors that influence the JE, JS, OC and EP, including fit, links and sacrifice, is of great importance. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between JE,JE, JS, OC and EP among employees at ECB.