Density and electron density of aqueous cryoprotectant solutions at cryogenic temperatures for optimized cryoprotection and diffraction contrast
The densities of aqueous solutions of eight common cryoprotectants were measured at T = 77 K and were used to determine electron densities at T = 77 K and thermal contractions on cooling from room temperature. The results provide a quantitative basis for choosing cryoprotectants to optimize outcomes in cryocrystallography, cryo-SAXS, cryogenic temperature X-ray imaging and vitrification-based biological cryopreservation.