Theory of the double-edge technique for Doppler lidar wind measurement.
The theory of the double-edge technique is described by a generalized formulation that substantially extends the capabilities of the edge technique. It uses two edges with opposite slopes located about the laser frequency. This doubles the signal change for a given Doppler shift and yields a factor of 1.6 improvement in the measurement accuracy compared with the single-edge technique. Use of two high-resolution edge filters reduces the effects of Rayleigh scattering on the measurement by as much as an order of magnitude and allows the signal-to-noise ratio to be substantially improved in areas of low aerosol backscatter. We describe a method that allows the Rayleigh and aerosol components of the signal to be independently determined. The effects of Rayleigh scattering are then subtracted from the measurement, and we show that the correction process does not significantly increase the measurement noise for Rayleigh-to-aerosol ratios as high as 10. We show that for small Doppler shifts a measurement accuracy of 0.4 m/s can be obtained for 5000 detected photons, 1.2 m/s for 1000 detected photons, and 3.7 m/s for 50 detected photons for a Rayleigh-to-aerosol ratio of 5. Methods for increasing the dynamic range to more than +/-100 m/s are given.