On the buoyancy of the pearly nautilus
Nautilus macromphalus Sowerby when freshly caught was close to neutral buoyancy having a weight in sea water of about 0–2% of its weight in air. The animals without their shells varied considerably in density but the volume of the shell was an approximately constant fraction of the total volume of the whole animal and whole animals were brought approximately to the same density by havingmore or less liquid inside the chambers of the shell. About 80 % of the gas space in the shell was used to support the weight of the shell itself in sea water.In an adult animal the centre of buoyancy was found to be about 6 mm above the centre of gravity, which made the animal very stable in its natural swimming position, a couple of about 350 g. cm being required to turn it through 90°. The pearly partsof the chamber walls were impermeable to sea water but the chalky and horny siphuncular tubes joining the septal necks were very porous. The most newly formed tenor so chambers were the only ones to contain liquids in appreciable volume and theydid this in diminishing amounts from the newest to the oldest. The watery liquids found within the chambers were always hypotonic to sea water and sometimes markedly so; they contained principally sodium and chloride ions. One animal was in the process of forming a new chamber, this incomplete chamber was completely full of liquidwith an osmolarity close to that of sea water but differing in composition from seawater.