Sulfate ion interaction with 'anion recognition' short peptide motif at the N-terminus of an isolated helix: A conformational landscape.
Anion-binding motifs in proteins are typically conserved in sequence and conformation. Crystal structural studies have shown that such motifs often occur in loop regions preceding a helix and interaction with the anions can induce their well defined conformational changes. In order to understand the properties of such motifs in isolation, we have synthesized an 18-residue chimeric polypeptide whose C-terminal part is a designed helix and its N-terminal consists of a C(alpha)NN anion binding structural motif containing residues Leu-Gly-Lys-Gln (residues 107-110 of protein DNA-glycosylase). We present evidence for the interaction of a sulfate (SO(4)(2-)) ion with the L-G-K-Q segment using complementary spectroscopic techniques. Moreover, upon interaction with SO(4)(2-) ion the N-terminal L-G-K-Q segment undergoes a non-helical to helical transition similar to what is observed in protein crystal structure. This work clearly demonstrates the "local" nature of anion binding and the accompanying conformational change that helps in understanding the influence of sequence/structural context of anion binding in proteins.