Force measurements during running on different instrumented treadmills.
One method to determine the forces produced during running is to conduct extensive kinematic and kinetic analysis. These analyses can be performed by having an individual perform repeated over-ground running trials or simply run continuously on an instrumented treadmill. The forces produced during over-ground running may not be the same as the forces during treadmill running and these differences could be attributed to a number of factors, including the design of the instrumented treadmill. The purpose of this paper was to determine whether there are differences in force measurements on different instrumented treadmill setups in comparison to over-ground running and to correct for any of these differences using a theoretical model. 11 participants ran on three different treadmills and performed over-ground running at 2.7, 3.6, and 4.5 m/s. Ground reaction forces were measured via force plates and an instrumented pressure insole. We found that the magnitude of the vertical ground reaction force differed between the three treadmills and over-ground running. The difference in ground reaction forces estimated by the pressure insole and the treadmill-force-plate system or instrumented treadmill can be explained by a three degree of freedom mechanical model of a person running on a treadmill and this model could potentially be used to correct for errors in force measurement from instrumented treadmills. The model included a force plate, a treadmill, and a wobbling mass with varying natural frequencies and damping characteristics, and constant masses. These findings provide researchers a method to correct forces from an instrumented treadmill set-up to determine a close approximation of the actual forces experienced by a participant during treadmill running.