Tissue-specific gene expression and fasting regulation of sirtuin family in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata)
The seven sirtuin (SIRT) counterparts of higher vertebrates were identified and molecularly characterized in a farmed fish of the Sparidae family, order Perciformes. These proteins are NAD+-dependent deacetylases that couple protein deacetylation with the energy status of the cell via the cellular NAD+/NADH ratio with a strict conservation of the characteristic catalytic domain surrounded by divergent N- and C- terminal regions. Phylogenetic analysis showed three major clades corresponding to SIRT1–3, SIRT4–5, and SIRT6–7 that reflected the present hierarchy of vertebrates and the accepted classification of SIRTs. Transcriptional studies revealed a ubiquitous SIRT gene expression that was tissue-specific for each SIRT. This was evidenced by multivariate analyses, which established two main clusters corresponding to SIRTs with relatively high (SIRT1, 2, and 5) and low (SIRT3, 4, 6, and 7) gene expression levels. A nutritional regulation was also evidenced in 10-day fasted fish, and SIRT2–4 exhibited an overall downregulated expression. SIRT1, 5, 6, and 7 were mostly upregulated, although clustering analyses evidenced a highly regulated response that was different for each SIRT according to the different tissue metabolic capabilities. These findings supported the use of SIRTs alone or in combination with other biomarkers for the metabolic phenotyping of farmed fish and gilthead sea bream in particular.