Kinematic effects of a passive lift assistive exoskeleton.
The VT-Lowe's exoskeleton was designed to help support the back during repetitive lifting tasks. This study focused on the kinematic differences between lifting with and without the exoskeleton (With-Exo and Without-Exo) over three different lifting styles (Freestyle, Squat, and Stoop) and two different box weights (0% and 20% of bodyweight). Twelve young and healthy males (Age 23.5 +/- 4.42 years; Height 179.33 +/- 6.37 cm; Weight 80.4 +/- 5.59 kg) participated in this study. Variables analyzed include the ankle and knee angles and angle between the Shoulder-Hip-Knee (SHK); the shoulder, elbow, and wrist heights; and the lifting speed and acceleration. The relationships between the torso angle, SHK angle, center of mass of the torso, torso torque, box height, as well as electromyography (EMG) data from a related study were also analyzed. On average, wearing the exoskeleton resulted in a 1.5 degree increase in ankle dorsiflexion, a 2.6 degree decrease in knee flexion, and a decrease of 2.3 degrees in SHK angle. Subjects' shoulder, elbow, and wrist heights were slightly higher while wearing the exoskeleton, and they lifted slightly more slowly while wearing the exoskeleton. Subjects moved more quickly while bending down as compared to standing up, and with the 0% bodyweight box as compared to the 20% bodyweight box. The values for Freestyle lifts generally fell in between Squat and Stoop lift styles or were not significantly different from Squat. EMG data from the leg muscles had relationships with torso torque while the back and stomach muscles showed no significant relationships.