ASAS PROPORSIONALITAS SEBAGAI LANDASAN PERTUKARAN HAK DAN KEWAJIBAN PARA PIHAK DALAM KONTRAK KOMERSIAL
Dalam kontrak komersial, perdebatan "semu" mengenai "keadilan dan keseimbangan" yang berujung pada "ketidakadilan dan ketidakseimbangan" posisi para kontraktan pada dasarnya tidak relevan lagi untuk diungkapkan. Hal ini didasari pertimbangan bahwa dalam kontrak komersial posisi para pihak diasumsikan setara, baik pada tahap proses negosiasi (pre contractual phase) pembentukan kontrak (contractual phase) maupun pelaksanaan kontrak (post contractual phase) Sementara itu, hasil pertukaran kepentingan para kontraktan dianggap adil apabila berlangsung secara proporsional. Proporsionalitas pertukaran hak dan kewajiban dalam kontrak komersial tidak menuntut hasil yang selalu seimbang sama (equilibrium matematis) oleh karenanya perbedaan hasil dianggap adil dan diterima secara wajar apabila proses pertukaran hak dan kewajiban berlangsung proporsional. Penerapan asas proporsionalitas dalam seluruh mata rantai proses kontraktual pada dasarnya merupakan perwujudan doktrin "keadilan berkontrak" yang dianut dan dikembangkan dewasa ini. In commercial contracts, the debates about 'fairness and balance' that led to the 'injustice and imbalance' position of the parties basically irrelevant to be disclosed. It is based on the consideration that the positions of the parties in commercial contracts is similar on the stage of the negotiation process (pre contractual phase) the formation of the contract (contractual phase) and the execution of the contract (post contractual phase) Meanwhile, the results of the exchange of the interests of the parties considered fair if it lasts proportionally. The proportionality of exchange of rights and obligations under commercial contracts do not demand results that are always balanced and same (equilibrium mathematically) therefore the differences in the results are considered fair and reasonably acceptable if the exchange process of the rights and obligations stay proportional. Application of the principle of proportionality in the whole chain of contractual process is basically a manifestation of the doctrine of "fairness of contract" adopted and developed today.