Market structure and competition in transition: results from a spatial analysis
ABSTRACT The present article provides first microlevel (indirect) empirical evidence on changes in entry barriers, the determinants of firm profitability as well as the nature of competition for a transition economy. We estimate size thresholds required to support different numbers of firms for several retail and professional service industries in a large number of geographic markets in Slovakia. The 3 time periods in the analysis (1995, 2001 and 2010) characterize different stages of the transition process. Specific emphasis is given to spatial spill over effects between local markets. Estimation results obtained from a spatial ordered probit model suggest that entry barriers have declined considerably (except for restaurants) and that the intensity of competition has increased on average. We further find that demand spill overs and/or the effects associated with a positive correlation in unobservable explanatory variables seem to outweigh negative spill over effects caused by competitive forces between neighbouring cities and villages. The importance of these spatial spill over effects differs across industries.