Cider (Cyder; Hard Cider) The Product and Its Manufacture
Cider, although the term 'ciders' is more suitable to represent the diversity of this product, is a fermented beverage produced and consumed worldwide. In this article, its historical and geographical origins, as well as definition from a regulatory point of view, are presented. Cidermaking is then discussed by describing two main processes (in France and the UK) that are radically different, although both lead to products named ciders. The importance of microorganisms and their metabolism during production in terms of quality or spoilage is reviewed. Finally, product composition and potential impacts on health are presented.