Journeying to the heart of darkness: An analysis of genocide tourism
This thesis examines 'genocide tourism' as a contemporary socio cultural phenomenon which has the potential to play a significant role in the dissemination, at an exoteric level, of a greater awareness and understanding of genocide and genocide prevention. The juxtaposition of the words 'genocide' and 'tourism' bring together two diametrically opposed constellations of emotions, the former denoting a heinous crime, and the latter a leisurely pursuit. Yet, the term 'genocide tourism' has become part of the academic lexicon and offers a novel perspective from which to understand one unique way in which people can learn about genocide. 'Genocide tourism' is predominantly researched as a niche phenomenon within the broad parameters of dark tourism and thanatourism studies, and in terms of theory, that is where it remains. My thesis challenges this thinking and proposes that 'genocide tourism' should be studied as a singular focus of research with a view to expanding its potential in raising awareness of genocide. This qualitative study explores the meanings, understandings, and interpretations that form the bases of experiences of 'genocide tourism' as a socio cultural phenomenon. The theoretical framework is formed around theories of memory, including Astrid Erll's development of a theory of transcultural memory. Field research involving interviews and indepth observation was carried out at Auschwitz Birkenau Memorial and Museum, and at Tuol Sleng Genocide Museum and Choeung Ek Genocidal Centre in Cambodia. The data was rigorously analysed through a systematic identification and evaluation of emergent themes. Gademerian hermeneutic phenomenology was used to interrogate the data. The findings indicate that unprecedented access to sites of genocide, both as travel destinations and online through virtual tours, has contributed to an increased awareness of genocide. However, the findings also show high levels of confusion among some visitors and the need for continuous re evaluation of interpretative practices at 'genocide tourism' destinations.