CCD series no 13: illustrating low energy SWRO CCD of 60% recovery and BWRO CCD of 92% recovery with single element modules without energy recovery means a theoretical extreme case study
AbstractIn contrast with the conventional SWRO and BWRO plug flow desalination (PFD) techniques where recovery depends on the number of lined membrane elements and energy consumption on the efficiency of energy recovery device (ERD) the newly conceived closed circuit desalination (CCD) technologies enable the attainment of high recovery, irrespective of the number of elements per module with low energy consumption without need for ERD. The present theoretical model analysis describes the extreme performance prospects of CCD illustrated by a single element SWRO CCD unit performing up to 60% recovery with near absolute energy efficiency without need for ERD (e.g. 50% recovery; 13 lmh; 1.573 kWh/m3 for 32,000 ppm NaCl feed equivalent to ocean seawater of 35,000 ppm) as well as by a single element BWRO CCD unit performing up to 92% recovery with low energy (e.g. 90% recovery; 25 lmh; 0.472 kWh/m3 for 1,500 ppm NaCl feed equivalent to common brackish water sources of 1,700 2,000 ppm) Another illustration per.