Considerations for Management of Head and Neck Lymphatic Malformations in Children
Objective:There exist inherent problems with previously described classification schemes for head and neck lymphatic malformations in children and lack of guidance for management. An organization scheme and management recommendations are proposed to improve communication between health care providers. Study Design:Consecutive patient series with a chart review of children with head and neck lymphatic malformations. Setting:Tertiary care, academic children's hospital. Methods:Children with lymphatic malformations of the head and neck were included. A proposed organization system for head and neck lymphatic malformations in children was developed and compared to 2 others currently predominantly used, de Serres and Cologne Disease Score. Results:Seventeen patients were identified, 7 boys and 10 girls. The mean age was 64.4 months (range 0.89 185.5) Nine patients (52.9% were managed expectantly, 5 (29.4% with sclerotherapy with 1 awaiting treatment (5.9% and 2 (11.8% with surgical excision. All children who underwent active treatment with surgery or sclerotherapy were managed successfully. No treatment related complications were encountered, and no children managed with watchful waiting/expectant management experienced failure. The proposed staging system differed from the de Serres stage in 11 children (64.7% with 9 (81.8% being down staged and 2 (18.2% up staged. Cologne Disease Score ranged from 2 to 10, with only 1 (5.9% patient with a score of 3 or less (severe disease) Conclusions:Treatment recommendations in children with head and neck lymphatic malformations should be individualized. Weaknesses of currently used staging systems are discussed as well as considerations for management decisions.
The Journal of craniofacial surgery