Developing Independent Listening Skills for English as an Additional Language Students.
This paper describes an action research project to develop online, self access listening resources mirroring the authentic academic contexts experienced by graduate university students. Current listening materials for English as an Additional Language (EAL) students mainly use Standard American English or Standard British pronunciation, and far fewer materialsuse Australian or regional accents. Materials are also simplified or spoken at a slower speed, emphasizing comprehension type questions, despite the fact that literature reveals effective listening development involves practice in real life listening contexts. Academic listening materials conversely emphasize the formal lecture and development of note taking skills. We developed a range of activities where listening input was accompanied by materials reflecting top down and bottom up strategies as well as other cognitive and meta cognitive skills. Materials were developed over two action research cycles involving EAL research student participants. Paper based exercises were trialed and then developed into online materials where students could create their own listening materials and build portfolios. Results from the participants in the workshops/focus groups indicate they were able to develop their listening skills independently because of the explicit and focused approach of the materials. However, even more explicit and simple instructional design was needed when translated into the online environment.