'Flesh of their flesh, bone of their bone' James Baldwin's racial politics of boundness
This article identifies a concept I call 'boundness' in James Baldwin's work and asks how it offers an alternative and embodied way to theorize racial identity, racialized violence and interracial solidarity. In the 1960s, in contrast to black nationalist and integrationist responses to racial domination, Baldwin repeatedly asserts that white and black people are literally bound (by blood) and therefore morally bound together. He posits a kinship narrative that foregrounds racialized/sexual violence, addressing the histories of Southern plantations and Jim Crow communities where lines of racial difference were drawn between siblings or between an enslaved child and his/her biological father. With particular attention to Baldwin's rhetorical techniques (use of racial signifiers, pronouns, familial language) this article examines boundness in four main texts White Man's Guilt, The Fire Next Time, a 1963 Public Broadcasting Service interview and a 1968 speech in London and demonstrates how the concept functions as a political strategy to provoke shifts in identification.