Electric Vehicle Routing Problems models and solution approaches. (Problemes de tournees de vehicules electriques modeles et methodes de resolution)
Electric vehicles (evs) are one of the most promising technologies to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason, the use of evs in service operations has dramatically increased in recent years. Despite their environmental benefits, evs still face technical constraints such as short autonomy and long charging times. Taking into account these constraints when planning ev operations leads to a new breed of vehicle routing problems (vrps) known as electricVrps (evrps) In addition, to the standard routing decisions, evrps are concerned with charging decisions: where and how much to charge. In this ph. D thesis, we address evrps through 4 different studies. In the first study, we tackle the green vehicle routing problem. To solve the problem, we propose a simple, yet effective, two phase matheuristic. In the second study, we focus a key modelling aspects in evrps: the battery charging process. We study different strategies to model this process and show the importance of considering the nonlinear nature of the battery charging functions. InThe third study, we propose an iterated local search to tackle evrp with non linear charging functions. We introduce a particular local search operator for the charging decisions based on a new fixedroute charging problem. The fourth and last study considers a real technician routing problem with conventional and electric vehicles (trp cev) To tackle this problem, we propose a parallel matheuristic that decomposes the problem into a set of easier to solve subproblemsThat are solved in parallel processors. Then the approach uses parts of the solutions found to the subproblems to assemble final solution to the trp cev.