Travel Mode Choice Framework Incorporating Realistic Bike and Walk Routes
i Acknowledgments. iii List of Tables viii List of Figures ix Introduction x 1 Literature Review. 1 Overview of Nonmotorized Mode Choice Modeling 1 Variable Measurement 8 Time and distance. 8 Cost. 10 Built Environment. 10 Trip context and tour attributes. 16 Attitudes and self selection. 17 Sociodemographic variables. 19 Travel Mode Availability 20 Mode Choice Model Structure 22 2 Conceptual Model 26 Theoretical Framework 26 Operational Framework 30 3 Data Description and General Methodology 32 GPS Travel and Traveler Data 32 Recruitment. 33 Representativeness. 34 Trip and tour data. 37 Household and traveler data. 42 GIS Built Environment Data 42 Time consistency of data. 42 Roadway slope and block face variable calculations. 43 Random utility maximization and the logit model 45 4 Route Choice Models 48 Pedestrian Route Choice Model. 48 vii Relevant existing work. 48 Data selection. 51 Challenges peculiar to walking data. 52 Generating alternative routes. 54 Pedestrian environment and trip related variables. 56 Behavioral theory and model form. 57 Results. 58 Discussion. 63 Bicyclist Route Choice 64 5 Mode Choice Models 68 Data Processing Methods 68 Mode choice dataset and case selection. 68 Trip Context Measures. 75 Panel Effects. 78 Area Based Measures. 80 Bike route generation 83 Walk Route Generation. 86 Mode Choice Model Development 86 Mode Choice Results by Attribute Group 103 Distance. 103 Purpose. 104 Other trip context attributes. 104 Tour variables. 106 Trip end infrastructure. 107 Predicted route attributes. 109 Sociodemographics. 111 Attitudes. 111 Numeric example. 112 6 Discussion 114 References (includes Appendix references) 126 Appendix A GPS Travel Data Mode Imputation Model 133 Appendix B Bicyclist Route Choice Re estimation Results 144