Discovery of Iron Grapnel Anchors in Early Modern Ryukyu and Management of Underwater Cultural Heritage in Okinawa, Japan
The Yarabuoki underwater site contains seven iron grapnel anchors and Early Modern Okinawan ceramic jars and is dated to the 16th 19th centuries. The site lies at a depth of 12 32 m off the western coast of Ishigaki Island in Okinawa, Japan. Based on underwater archaeological and broadband multibeam surveys, as well as historical research of the artefacts and Early Modern Ryukyuan shipping, we discuss the possible anchor and vessel types in Ryukyu and Eastern Asia in Early Modern times. We also discuss the efficacy of low cost ROV for assisting surveys in shallow water environments and the value of educational programmes for promoting the management and conservation of underwater cultural heritage. Yao Yue Wu Liang Bu Chong Hai Di Yi Ji ha 16zh19Shi Ji Qing toTui Ce sa ruChong Nawa Jin Tao Qi Qun to7Dian noSi Zhua Tie Mao kara ru. Yi haChong Nawa Xian noShi Yuan Dao Xi An noShui Shen 12 32mnoHai Di niWei Zhi shite ru. Ben Lun Wen deha konoYi Ji deFa Jian sare Yi Wu Qun woDui Xiang toshitakorema noShui Zhong Kao Gu Xue De Diao Cha tomaruchibi muTan Cha noCheng Guo kara Jin Shi Liu Qiu Wang Guo nio ruHai Yun deLi Yong sareteitaChuan ya soreranoChuan gaDa Zai shiteitaMao notaipunitsuiteLun ru. konoho niBen Lun Wen deha konoYi Ji Diao Cha deXin ta Kai Fa shitaDi ko toXing noROVni ruYan An Hai Yu denoXiao Yong Shui Zhong Wen Hua Yi Chan noBao Quan toHuo Yong woMu De to taJiao Yu purogura Kai Fa nio ruXin tanaKe Neng Xing nitsuitemoLun ru.