Problems and Countermeasures of rural left behind children in the context of urbanization in China
The education of left behind children is a special social problem in the period of social transformation in China's rural areas, which has always been the concern of the community, Taking the rural left behind children in Jintang County of Sichuan Province as an example, this paper makes an empirical study on the present situation and the demand of the left behind children. The living conditions, learning education and mental health status of the left behind children were studied by the method of questionnaire survey and semi structured interview. The main influencing factors of the living condition of the left behind children come from the national, social, school, family and the left behind children themselves and so on. The government, society, schools and families of left behind children should bear the corresponding responsibility to jointly supervise and solve the problems existing in the education of left behind children's growth, and strengthen the self education and guidance of the left behind children. The purpose and significance Early 1980s, with the accelerating process of China's reform and opening up, a large number of rural surplus labors freed from the land out, began to shift to the cities on a large scale. Army of migrant workers projections, not only to accelerate the modernization of China's urban construction process, but also greatly improved the economic landscape of the countryside, rural living standards improved significantly. However, at the same time restricted the urban rural split dual social structure system, migrant workers continue to flock to the city to get rich, tens of millions of dollars to grow children of migrant workers has been affected to varying degrees. Migrant workers "Space urbanization" does not mean that the identity of the people, does not mean they can enjoy the same social rights and civil and public service, attached to the household registration system inequality, public services and social welfare as a shielding mechanism still plays the role of the identity of the segment. Children or wife problems mainly in enrollment opportunities, education route, to ensure funding, etc. subject to restrictions because of family economic capacity, social networks, urban social exclusion, such as multiple factors, most of the children of migrant workers cannot be treated urban life, only minor children will stay in the countryside, by the left behind parent or guardianship by the grandparents to take care of or in trust for the long term cannot live together create parent child situation, which some children are called rural children left behind, left behind children referred. According to the National Women's Federation in 2013 Task Force report, by the sixth census data estimated that there are 61,025,500 children left behind in rural areas, accounting for 37.70 percent of rural children, accounting for 21.88 percent of the country's children[1] And the fifth census estimate of 24.43 million as compared to the number of children left behind, [2]about ten years increased by International Conference on Social Science, Humanities and Modern Education (SSHME 2016) (c) 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 123 1.5 times. Showing the number of children left behind in rural areas and more rapid growth, can be expected, in the journey of the national development of the new town, rural children left behind will continue to exist in the next longer period of time. So many children away from their parents, they face a number of challenges in the growth process, the development of education, health and psychological aspects sparked widespread Worries. Moreover, the problem of children left behind with the current migration, urbanization, social integration and other issues are intertwined and influence to help the children left behind to deal with the challenges, you first need to unraveling the complex social problems from many angles and multi level manpower recognize clear nature of the problem, explore countermeasures. This paper selects Sichuan Jintang County Guangxing town Jinbu kindergarten, Jinbu primary empirical research, Jintang is located northeast of Chengdu Plain, Jintang County registered a total population of 89.18 million, of which non agricultural population of 22.89 million, of which agricultural population of about 66.29 million people, up to the proportion of 74.33% with a certain representation. Research Subjects and Methods Definition of the concept of children left behind The phenomenon of children left behind through the ages is not unique to China, Japan Institute of Labor survey, in 1984 the national "single to his new post," the number of 14 million people in Japan, and there is an increasing trend.[3]The United Nations Children's fund, the United Nations development program and the South South cooperation special agency (SU SSC) research pointed out that about 1 million of Sri Lankan children stay at home. In Philippines, an estimated 8 million 800 thousand ~900 million children are separated from one or both of their parents. In the Philippines, an estimated 8.8 million to 900 million children with one or both parents separated. In Moldova, one study estimated that children aged 0 to 14 years of age, 31% of one of the parents stay in the home, there are 5 .4% both parents are left in the home. In 2002, nearly 13 percent of Mexicans and 22 percent of Salvadoran immigrants to the United States to live, and send their children to remain in their country of origin, [4]However, compared with other countries, China's rural children left behind in industrialization, urbanization a group process and flow of migrant workers under the background, although Europe has a large number of similar phenomenon population from rural to urban migration, but the long separation between parents and their minor children is not common. By the household registration system restrictions, the population of migrant workers in the urbanization process is different from the general sense of circulation and flow. In the process of the rural labor force into the city, not only to achieve geographical shift, career transition, but also to achieve identity transformation. In this particular model, China's urbanization is essentially semi urbanization, migrant workers into the city has not actually Citizenship. Migrant workers and their children do not get the public identity, urban public schools for children of migrant workers did not fully open the door, and even children of migrant workers into the school must return to their places of origin or to participate in the college entrance exam. Under the influence of these factors, the current into the city with his parents' children of migrant workers accounted for only 20% to 30% of the total, and 70% to 80% of the children of migrant workers to stay in the home, to become left behind children.[5]Thus, the barrier system to make our population movements in other countries showed a different course, and then rise to the rural left behind children. The term left behind children in China first appeared in 1994, when refers to parents working abroad is learning to stay at home to look after the children have grandparents, after 10 years, the academic study of children left behind in this social group is almost zero in nearly a decade of silence, the academic study of children left behind rapid warming of the left behind children by different researchers has defined the concept of academic but still lacks a clear definition and clear definition of this study in the adoption Ye Jingzhong "United Nations rights of the Child Convention "on the basis of the definition of the child, the children left behind is determined as follows: in rural areas due to