Modelling 'Green' Paracetamol Supply Chain Operations Defined by Renewable Chemical Feedstocks in England: A System Dynamics Analysis
The aim of this research is to provide a first effort System Dynamics (SD) model that effectively captures the operations and market dynamics across the entire 'green' paracetamol supply chain (SC) defined by terpenoid feedstocks. To that end, we first describe the particular 'green' analgesic SC system arising from renewable chemical feedstock platform technologies, as envisioned to be established in England. Following, the associated SD model is developed by capturing all related operations, namely: (i) turpentine supply, (ii) primary active pharmaceutical ingredient manufacturing, (iii) secondary pharmacy dosage form manufacturing, (iv) packaging, and (v) retailing where demand is defined based on both the patients' actual needs and the environmental awareness of a potential 'green' analgesic market. The obtained SD simulation results reveal the need to promote 'green' pharmacies to support circular SCs of the future and to elaborate green marketing practises to increase the associated stakeholders' profitability in environmentally sensitive markets.