Chapter 4 Experimental Methodologies for the Characterization of Nanoparticles
Nanoparticles, which range in size from 1 to 100 nm in at least one dimension, exhibit unique physicochemical properties that are dependent upon their size, shape, dispersion, surface functionalization or de functionalization, and binding with biomembranes and proteins. Because the size effects are exponential, a minor change in a nanoparticle's structure may cause major alterations in their properties. Bulk materials >500 nm) on the other hand, have constant physical properties regardless of their size or shape. It is well established that the biological activity of nanoparticles depends upon their physicochemical properties and size. Therefore, an accurate determination of a nanoparticle's size and properties is a prerequisite for controlling its biological properties and/or stability. This chapter elucidates some of the methods commonly used for nanoparticle characterization.