Subjects of Rights and Subjects of Cruelty: The Production of an Islamic Backlash against Homosexuality in Turkey
Abstract Departing from Turkish national debates around Islam, national belonging, and homosexuality during 2008 2011, this paper shows how "LGBT rights" discourses ultimately worked to position Muslim headscarf activists as against LGBT activists by rendering complex positions that do not follow easy "for vs. against" LGBT rights political formulas as "homophobic." In return, this foreclosed potential solidarities differently injured citizens could have formed against increasing neoliberal state violence. I show that the multitude of Muslim women's positions on the issue of LGBT rights complicates easy religious/secular binaries and illuminates how it is not only human rights discourses but also their "Western" critiques that travel transnationally. This story also contributes to current debates on postsecularism by illustrating how the same national context can house both liberal rights frameworks that can be used against pious Muslim subjects, and a monopolization of a definition of Islam for state power. Finally, I offer "politics of cruelty" and "right to sin" as alternative frameworks for imagining social justice outside of liberal rights based politics.