A review of research and developments of building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) systems
The concept of building integrated photovoltaic/thermal (BIPV/T) systems emerged in the early 1990s. It has attracted increasing attention since 2000 due to its potential to facilitate the design of net zero energy buildings through enhanced solar energy utilisation. This article presents a comprehensive review of the BIPV/T technology, including major developments of various BIPV/T systems, experimental and numerical studies, and the impact of BIPV/T system on building performance. The BIPV/T systems reviewed here are: air based systems, water based systems, concentrating systems and systems involving a phase change working medium such as BIPV/T with either heat pipe or heat pump evaporator. This work provides an overview of research, development, application and status of BIPV/T systems and modules. Finally, research needs and opportunities are identified.