120866499
FRACTALITY IN ELEMENTARY COLLISIONS
Different fractality in hadron–hadron and e+e- collisions and its experimental observation are reviewed. The discussions on related underlying dynamics are presented.
16991538
On the Dominance of Statistical Fluctuation in the Factorial-Moment Study of Chaos in Low Multiplicity Events of High Energy Collisions
It is shown using Monte Carlo simulation that for low multiplicity events the single-event factorial moments are saturated by the statistical fluctuations. The diverse of the event-space moments $C_{p,q}$ of single-event moments with the diminishing of phase space scale, called ``erraticity'', observed in experiment can readily be reproduced by a flat probability distribution with only statistical fluctuations and therefore does not indicate the existence of chaos as suggested. The possibility of studying chaos in high multiplicity events using erraticity analysis is discussed.
118547741
Statistical and dynamical fluctuations of Binder ratios in heavy ion collisions
Higher moments of the net-proton Binder ratio, which is suggested to be a good observation to locate the QCD critical point, is measured in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We first estimate the effect of statistical fluctuations of the third- and fourth-order Binder ratios. Then the dynamical Binder ratio is proposed and investigated in both transport and statistical models. The energy dependence of dynamical Binder ratios with different system sizes at RHIC beam scan energies is presented and discussed.
123369286
Local charge nonequilibrium and anomalous energy dependence of normalized moments in narrow rapidity windows
119782208
The influence of statistical fluctuations on the erraticity behavior of multiparticle system
Abstract It is demonstrated that in a low-multiplicity sample, the increase of the fluctuation of event factorial moments with decreasing phase-space scale, called “erraticity”, is dominated by the statistical fluctuations. The erraticity behavior observed in the NA27 experiment can be readily reproduced by purely statistical fluctuations. Applying the erraticity analysis to a high-multiplicity sample is, however, recommended and the method is improved for the very-high-multiplicity case.
124945127
Longitudinal phase space of multiparticle final states in high energy hadron-hadron collisions
The highly anisotropic phase space (known as longitudinal phase space) of multipartide final states in high energy hh collisions is studied in detail. It is pointed out that the anisotropy of phase space should manifest itself not only in the dramatic difference in magnitude between the average transverse and longitudinal momenta, but also in the anisotropy of dynamical fluctuations in the two directions. It means that the particle distribution in phase space has the property of selfaffine fractal. A method for experimentally testing the selfaffine fractality and measuring its cbaracteristic parameterHurst exponent is given. In addition, the correlation between the degree of longitudinal fractality and the magnitude of average transverse momentum is discussed. A new characteristic quantity--average transverse momentum per event--for de scribing the dynamical property of an event (hard, soft or ultrasoft) is proposed. A comparison of the results with experimental data is given.
122686132
NEW AGEGRAPHIC CHAPLYGIN GAS MODEL WITH VISCOSITY
In this paper, motivated by Ref. 31, we study the so-called new agegraphic Chaplygin gas model with viscosity. Concretely, we establish the correspondence between the interacting new agegraphic dark energy (NADE) and variable generalized Chaplygin gas (VGCG) models in non-flat universe on the basis of reviewing related contents for the NADE and VGCG models. Furthermore, we reconstruct the potential of the new agegraphic scalar field as well as the dynamics of the scalar field according to the evolution of the agegraphic dark energy. Finally, we generalize our study to the case of NADE with viscosity, which includes the case without viscosity (ν = 0) as a special case.
118569311
Modified f(G) gravity models with curvature–matter coupling
A modified f(G) gravity model with coupling between matter and geometry is proposed, which is described by the product of the Lagrange density of the matter and an arbitrary function of the Gauss–Bonnet term. The field equations and the equations of motion corresponding to this model show the non-conservation of the energy-momentum tensor, the presence of an extra force acting on test particles and non-geodesic motion. Moreover, the energy conditions and the stability criterion at the de Sitter point in modified f(G) gravity models with curvature–matter coupling are derived, which can degenerate to the well-known energy conditions in general relativity. Furthermore, in order to get some insight in the meaning of these energy conditions, we apply them to the specific models of f(G) gravity and the corresponding constraints on the models are given. In addition, the conditions and the candidate for late-time cosmic accelerated expansion in modified f(G) gravity are studied by means of conditions of power-law expansion and the equation of state of matter ω smaller than $-\frac{1}{3}$.
119285182
Lifshitz effects on vector condensate induced by a magnetic field
By numerical and analytical methods, we study in detail the effects of the Lifshitz dynamical exponent $z$ on the vector condensate induced by an applied magnetic field in the probe limit. Concretely, in the presence of the magnetic field, we obtain the Landau level independent of $z$, and also find the critical value by coupling a Maxwell complex vector field and SU(2) field into a (3+1)-dimensional Lifshitz black hole, respectively. The research results show that for both two models with the lowest Landau level, the increasing $z$ improves the response of the critical temperature to the applied magnetic field even without the charge density, and the analytical results uphold the numerical results. In addition, we find even in the Lifshitz black hole, the Maxwell complex vector model is still a generalization of the SU(2) Yang-Mills model. Furthermore, we construct the square vortex lattice and discuss the implications of these results.
122877762
Analysis on modified Chaplygin gas as dark energy model
In this paper, we will continue to study the modified Chaplygin gas (MCG) based on Ref. 25. Concretely, we not only discuss both the change rates of the energy densities and the Hubble parameter H(z) as a function of the model parameters, which is compared and consistent with the related data in Ref. 27, but also perform the Om diagnostic in order to geometrically differentiate the MCG model from the ΛCDM, GCG and CG models. Moreover, we plot the evolutionary trajectories of MCG model with different interaction terms in Om planes, and find that the coupling intensity b2 plays an important role in the MCG model. Furthermore, we also reconstruct the potential of MCG scalar field as well as the dynamics of the scalar field according to the evolution of the MCG dark energy. It is worth stressing that the results given by us can include the ones without interaction as the special cases.
123492603
Modified Chaplygin gas as an interacting holographic dark energy model
The modified Chaplygin gas (MCG) as an interacting model of holographic dark energy in which dark energy and dark matter are coupled together is investigated in this paper. Concretely, by studying the evolutions of related cosmological quantities such as density parameter Ω, equation of state w, deceleration parameter q and transition redshift zT, we find the evolution of the universe is from deceleration to acceleration, their present values are consistent with the latest observations, and the equation of state of holographic dark energy can cross the phantom divide w = −1. Furthermore, we put emphasis upon the geometrical diagnostics for our model, i.e., the statefinder and Om diagnostics. By illustrating the evolutionary trajectories in r - s, r - q, w′-w and Om planes, we find that the holographic constant c and the coupling constant b play very important roles in the holographic dark energy (HDE) model. In addition, we also plot the LCDM horizontal lines in Om diagrams, and show the discrimination between the HDE and LCDM models.