118634430
The QGP shear viscosity–elusive goal or just around the corner?
With the new viscous hydrodynamic + hadron cascade hybrid code VISHNU, a rather precise () extraction of the quark gluon plasma (QGP) shear viscosity (?/s)QGP from heavy-ion elliptic flow data is possible if the initial eccentricity of the collision fireball is known with <5% accuracy. At this point, eccentricities from initial state models differ by up to 20%, leading to an uncertainty for (?/s)QGP. It is shown that a simultaneous comparison of elliptic and triangular flow, v2 and v3, puts strong constraints on initial state models and can largely eliminate the present uncertainty in (?/s)QGP. The variation of the differential elliptic flow v2(pT) for identified hadrons between RHIC and LHC energies provides additional tests of the evolution model.
15616146
Soliton with a pion field in the global color symmetry model
We calculate the property of the global color symmetry soliton with the pion field being included explicitly. The calculated results indicate that the pion field provides a strong attraction so that the eigenenergy of a quark and the mass of a soliton reduce drastically, in contrast to those with only the sigma field.
119279322
Interplay of shear and bulk viscosity in generating flow in heavy-ion collisions
We perform viscous hydrodynamic calculations in 2+1 dimensions to investigate the influence of bulk viscosity on the viscous suppression of elliptic flow in noncentral heavy-ion collisions at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider energies. Bulk and shear viscous effects on the evolution of radial and elliptic flow are studied with different model assumptions for the transport coefficients. We find that the temperature dependence of the relaxation time for the bulk viscous pressure, especially its critical slowing-down near the quark-hadron phase transition at T{sub c}, partially offsets effects from the strong growth of the bulk viscosity itself near T{sub c} and that even small values of the specific shear viscosity eta/s of the fireball matter can be extracted without large uncertainties from poorly controlled bulk viscous effects.
119173058
Hadron spectra and elliptic flow for 200 A GeV Au + Au collisions from viscous hydrodynamics coupled to a Boltzmann cascade
It is shown that the recently developed hybrid code VISHNU, which couples a relativistic viscous fluid dynamical description of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) with a microscopic Boltzmann cascade for the late hadronic rescattering stage, yields an excellent description of charged and identified hadron spectra and elliptic flow measured in 200 A GeV Au+Au collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider (RHIC). Using initial conditions that incorporate event-by-event fluctuations in the initial shape and orientation of the collision fireball and values {eta}/s for the specific shear viscosity of the quark-gluon plasma that were recently extracted from the measured centrality dependence of the eccentricity-scaled, p{sub T}-integrated charged hadron elliptic flow v{sub 2,ch}/{epsilon}, we obtain universally good agreement between theory and experiment for the p{sub T} spectra and differential elliptic flow v{sub 2}(p{sub T}) for both pions and protons at all collision centralities.
24865622
Energy and momentum deposited into a QCD medium by a jet shower.
For a hard parton moving through a dense QCD medium, we compute self-consistently the energy loss and the fraction deposited into the medium due to showering and rescattering of the shower, assuming weak coupling between probe and medium. The same transport coefficients thus determine both the energy loss and its deposition into the medium. This allows a parameter free calculation of the latter once the former are computed or measured. We compute them for a weakly interacting medium. Assuming a short thermalization time for the deposited energy, we determine the medium's hydrodynamical response and obtain a conical pattern that is strongly enhanced by showering.
13994103
Causal relativistic hydrodynamics for viscous fluids
We report on recent results from VISH2+1, a code that solves the relativistic Israel–Stewart equations for causal viscous hydrodynamics for heavy-ion collisions with longitudinal boost invariance. We find that even 'minimal' shear viscosity η/s = /(4π) leads to a large reduction of elliptic flow compared to ideal fluid dynamics. We explore systematically the sensitivity of this reduction to the equation of state, system size, initial conditions and the microscopic relaxation time in different formulations of the Israel–Stewart equations.
119692613
Measurement of the $B_c^{\pm}$ meson lifetime using $B_c^{\pm} \to J/\psi~\pi^{\pm}$ decays
This thesis describes a measurement of the lifetime of the B± c meson in an exclusive decay channel B± c → J/ ψ π±, where the J/ψ decays as J/ψ → μ+μ- . The measurement uses a data sample with an integrated luminosity of 6.7 fb-1 collected at CDF. This is the first measurement of the B± c meson lifetime in a hadronic channel and the measured lifetime, τ = 0.449 +0.054 -0.048(stat:) ± 0.019(syst:) ps, is in good agreement with previous results obtained from semileptonic decay channel and confirms previous measurements and theoretical predictions.
118880227
A Broken Solar Type?II Radio Burst Induced by a Coronal Shock Propagating across the Streamer Boundary
We discuss an intriguing type II radio burst that occurred on 2011 March 27. The dynamic spectrum was featured by a sudden break at about 43 MHz on the well-observed harmonic branch. Before the break, the spectrum drifted gradually with a mean rate of about -0.05 MHz s(-1). Following the break, the spectrum jumped to lower frequencies. The post-break emission lasted for about 3 minutes. It consisted of an overall slow drift which appeared to have a few fast-drift sub-bands. Simultaneous observations from the Solar TErrestrial RElations Observatory and the Solar Dynamics Observatory were also available and are examined for this event. We suggest that the slow-drift period before the break was generated inside a streamer by a coronal eruption driven shock, and the spectral break as well as the relatively wide spectrum after the break is a consequence of the shock crossing the streamer boundary where density drops abruptly. It is suggested that this type of radio bursts can be taken as a unique diagnostic tool for inferring the coronal density structure, as well as the radio-emitting source region.
118545612
A Statistical Study on the Morphology of Rays and Dynamics of Blobs in the Wake of Coronal Mass Ejections
In this paper, with a survey through the Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) data from 1996 to 2009, we present 11 events with plasma blobs flowing outwards sequentially along a bright coronal ray in the wake of a coronal mass ejection. The ray is believed to be associated with the current-sheet structure that formed as a result of solar eruption, and the blobs are products of magnetic reconnection occurring along the current sheet. The ray morphology and blob dynamics are investigated statistically. It is found that the apparent angular widths of the rays at a fixed time vary in a range of 2.1 – 6.6○ (2.0 – 4.4○) with an average of 3.5○ (2.9○) at 3R⊙ (4R⊙), respectively, and the observed durations of the events vary from 12 h to a few days with an average of 27 h. It is also found, based on the analysis of blob motions, that 58% (26) of the blobs were accelerated, 20% (9) were decelerated, and 22% (10) moved with a nearly constant speed. Comparing the dynamics of our blobs and those that are observed above the tip of a helmet streamer, we find that the speeds and accelerations of the blobs in these two cases differ significantly. It is suggested that these differences of the blob dynamics stem from the associated magnetic reconnection involving different magnetic field configurations and triggering processes.
8187171
The IDV source J 1128+5925, a new candidate for annual modulation?
Context. Short time-scale radio variations of compact extragalactic radio sources, known as IntraDay Variability (IDV), can be explained in at least some sources by a source-extrinsic effect, in which the variations are interpreted as scintillation of radio waves caused by the turbulent interstellar medium of the Milky Way. One of the most convincing observational arguments in favour of propagation-induced variability is the so-called “annual modulation” of the characteristic variability time-scale, which is due to the orbital motion of the Earth. So far there are only two sources known which show such a well-defined seasonal cycle, a few more sources with fewer data can be regarded as possible candidates for this effect. However, source-intrinsic effects, such as structural variations, can also cause the observed changes of the variability time-scale. Data for the new, recently discovered, and highly variable IDV source J 1128+5925 are presented. Aims. We study the frequency and time dependence of the IDV in this compact quasar. We measure the characteristic variability time-scale of the IDV throughout the year, and analyze whether the observed changes in the variability time-scale are consistent with annual modulation. Assuming a radio wave propagation effect as origin, we are able to constrain some physical properties (such as distance, scattering-strength, and possible anisotropy) of the “plasma” screen, which may cause the scintillation. Methods. We monitored the flux density variability of J 1128+5925 with dense time sampling between 2.7 and 10.45 GHz. We observed with the 100 m Effelsberg radio telescope of the Max-Planck-Institut fur Radioastronomie (MPIfR) at 2.70 GHz, 4.85 GHz, and 10.45 GHz, as well as with the 25 m Urumqi radio telescope (China) at 4.85 GHz. From ten observing sessions, each of which lasted several days during the period between 2004–2006, we determine the variability characteristics and time-scales which we investigate in view of possible scintillation and annual modulation. Results. The observed pronounced changes of the variability time-scale of J 1128+5925 are modelled with an anisotropic annual modulation model. The observed frequency dependence of the variation is in good agreement with the prediction from interstellar scintillation. Adopting a simple model for the annual modulation model and also using the frequency dependence of the IDV, we derive a lower limit to the distance the scattering screen and an upper limit for the scintillating source size. The latter is found to be consistent with the measured core size from Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI).
73710703
A seasonal cycle and an abrupt change in the variability characteristics of the intraday variable source S4 0954+65
The BLLac object S4 0954+65 is one of the main targets of the Urumqi monitoring program targeting intraday variable (IDV) sources. Between August 2005 and December 2009, the source was included in 41 observing sessions, carried out at a frequency of 4.8 GHz. The time analysis of the collected light curves, performed by applying both a structure function analysis and a specifically developed wavelet-based algorithm, discovered an annual cycle in the variability timescales, suggesting that there is a fundamental contribution by interstellar scintillation to the IDV pattern of the source. The combined use of the two analysis methods also revealed that there was a dramatic change in the variability characteristics of the source between February and March 2008, at the starting time of a strong outburst phase. The analysis' results suggest that the flaring state of the source coincides with the appearance of multiple timescales in its light curves, indicating that changes in the structure of the relativistically moving emitting region may strongly influence the variability observed on IDV timescales.