119492806
The on-line satellite/central computer facility of the Multiparticle Argo Spectrometer System
Abstract An on-line satellite/central computer facility has been developed at Brookhaven National Laboratory as part of the Multiparticle Argo Spectrometer System (MASS). This facility, consisting of a PDP-9 and a CDC-6600, has been successfully used in a study of proton-proton interactions at 28.5 GeV/ c .
139640917
Effects of Channel Failure Rates on the Jet Reconstruction Efficiencies an Resolutions in an Fe HF Calorimeter
121981552
Observation and study of centrally produced pion clusters in 28. 5-GeV/c p-p interactions
A double-arm spectrometer is used to identify a pion cluster produced in central p-p collisions at 28.5 GeV/c. Cluster properties studied are angular momentum, quantum statistics, multiplicity, and effective mass. There is some speculation on the production mechanism. (AIP)
124078930
Muon Capture in Hydrogen
Abstract : An experiment to measure the muon capture rate in liquid hydrogen was carried out using scintillation counter techniques. The experiment tests muon-electron universality in interaction with a proton at a momentum transfer of 100 MeV/c. The use of ultra-pure liquid hydrogen, a purified muon beam, neutron-gamma ray discriminating detectors and oscilloscope photography made possible the detection of the 5.2 MeV neutron from the relatively improbable capture reaction (mu + p yields n + nu). The muon molecular formation rate was measured in an independent experiment, but the present result is relatively insensitive to it. The stability of the muon molecular ortho state against transitions to the para ground state for times comparable to the free muon life-time is confirmed. The experimental result of the capture rate measurement, 464 + or - 42 per second is compared with 562 + or - 60 per second, the rate expected on the basis of the conserved vector current theory, muon-electron universality and the accepted value of the "induced pseudo scalar" coupling constant.
121141376
Charged Multiplicity Associated with Transverse Momentum of a Leading Proton in pp at 28.5 GEV/C
We have measured the mean charged multiplicity nCH as a function of transverse momentum p⊥ of the forward proton in the reaction p + p ⇒ p + MM for five intervals of missing mass MM using our Multiparticle Argo Spectrometer System. We observe an increase of nCH for p⊥ > 1 GeV/c.
125174279
Design and performance of the multiparticle argo spectrometer system
Abstract The Multiparticle Argo Spectrometer System, MASS, consists of a magnetic vertex spectrometer, two external trigger spectrometers, an on-line monitoring system and an off-line data analysis chain. The performance of MASS has been evaluated from physics data taken in a study of 28.5 GeV/ c pp collisions covering a large range of transverse momentum.
119109018
Approaching the problem of time with a combined semiclassical-records-histories scheme
I approach the problem of time and other foundations of quantum (QM) cosmology using a combined histories, timeless and semiclassical approach. This approach is along the lines pursued by Halliwell. It involves the timeless probabilities for dynamical trajectories entering regions of configuration space, which are computed within the semiclassical regime. Moreover, the objects that Halliwell uses in this approach commute with the Hamiltonian constraint, H. This approach has not hitherto been considered for models that also possess nontrivial linear constraints, Lin. This paper carries this out for some concrete relational particle mechanics (RPMs). If there is also commutation with Lin—the Kuchař observables condition—the constructed objects are Dirac observables. Moreover, this paper shows that the problem of Kuchař observables is explicitly resolved for 1D and 2D RPMs. Then as a first route to Halliwell’s approach for nontrivial linear constraints that is also a construction of Dirac observables, I consider theories for which Kuchař observables are formally known, giving the relational triangle as an example. As a second route, I apply an indirect method that generalizes both group averaging and Barbour’s best matching. For conceptual clarity, my study involves the simpler case of Halliwell 2003 sharp-edged window function. I leave the elsewise-improved softened case of Halliwell 2009 for a subsequent paper II. Finally, I provide comments on Halliwell’s approach and how well it fares as regards the various facets of the problem of time and as an implementation of QM propositions.
119270516
An interpretation of variational principles for gauge theories: a cyclic coordinate alternative to ADM split
I show that there is an ambiguity in how one treats auxiliary variables in gauge theories including general relativity cast as 3 + 1 geometrodynamics. Auxiliary variables may be treated pre-variationally as multiplier coordinates or as the velocities corresponding to cyclic coordinates. The latter treatment works through the physical meaninglessness of auxiliary variables' values applying also to the end points (or end spatial hypersurfaces) of the variation, so that these are free rather than fixed. (This is also known as variation with natural boundary conditions.) Further principles of dynamics workings such as Routhian reduction and the Dirac procedure are shown to have parallel counterparts for this new formalism. One advantage of the new scheme is that the corresponding actions are more manifestly relational. While the electric potential is usually regarded as a multiplier coordinate and Arnowitt, Deser and Misner have regarded the lapse and shift likewise, this paper's scheme considers new flux, instant and grid variables whose corresponding velocities are, respectively, the above-mentioned previously used variables. This paper's way of thinking about gauge theory furthermore admits interesting generalizations as regards variational principles for the conformal form of general relativity's initial value problem.
14721473
Triangleland: II. Quantum mechanics of pure shape
Relational particle models are of value in the absolute versus relative motion debate. They are also analogous to the dynamical formulation of GR, and as such are useful for investigating conceptual strategies proposed for resolving the problem of time in quantum general relativity. Moreover, to date there are few explicit examples of these at the quantum level. In this paper I exploit recent geometrical and classical dynamics work to provide such a study based on reduced quantization in the case of pure shape (no scale) in 2D for 3-particles (triangleland) with multiple harmonic oscillator type potentials. I explore solutions for these making use of exact, asymptotic, perturbative and numerical methods. An analogy to the mathematics of the linear rigid rotor in a background electric field is useful throughout. I argue that further relational models are accessible by the methods used in this paper, and for specific uses of the models covered by this paper in the investigation of the problem of time (and other conceptual and technical issues) in quantum general relativity.
117105066
PDE system approach to large extra dimensions
We explore some foundational issues regarding the splitting of D-dimensional Einstein Field Equations (EFE’s) with respect to timelike and spacelike (D - 1)-dimensional hypersurfaces, first without and then with thin matter sheets such as branes. We begin to implement methodology, that is well-established for the GR Cauchy and initial value problems (CP and IVP), in the new field of GR-based braneworlds, identifying and comparing many different choices of procedure. We abridge fragmentary parts of the literature of embeddings, putting the Campbell–Magaard theorem into context. We recollect and refine arguments why York and not elimination methods are used for the GR IVP. We compile a list of numerous mathematical and physical impasses to using timelike splits, whereas spacelike splits are known to be well-behaved. We however pursue both options to make contact with the current braneworld literature which is almost entirely based on timelike splits. In our study of timelike splits, we look at the Shiromizu–Maeda–Sasaki braneworld by means of reformulations which emphasize different aspects from the original formulation. We show that what remains of the York method in the timelike case generalizes heuristic bulk construction schemes. We formulate timelike (brane) versions of the thin sandwich conjecture. We discuss whether it is plausible to remove singularities by timelike embeddings. We point out how the braneworld geodesic postulates lead to futher difficulties with the notion of singularities than in GR where these postulates are simpler. Having argued for the use of the spacelike split, we study how to progress to the construction of more general data sets for spaces partially bounded by branes. Boundary conditions are found and algorithms provided. Working with (finitely) thick branes would appear to facilitate such a study.
17420273
Seminar on Records Theory
In quantum gravity, one seeks to combine quantum mechanics and general relativity. In attempting to do so, one comes across the `problem of time' impasse: the notion of time is conceptually different in each of these theories. In this seminar, I consider the timeless records approach toward resolving this. Records are localized, information-containing subconfigurations of a single instant. Records theory is the study of these and of how science (or history) is to be abstracted from correlations between them. I explain how to motivate this approach, provide a ground-level structure for it and discuss what kind of further tools are needed. For a more comprehensive account with many more references, see [1].