27169118
Linear canonical transformations of coherent and squeezed states in the Wigner phase space.
It is shown that classical linear canonical transformations are possible in the Wigner phase space. Coherent and squeezed states are shown to be linear canonical transforms of the ground-state harmonic oscillator. It is therefore possible to evaluate the Wigner functions for coherent and squeezed states from that for the harmonic oscillator. Since the group of linear canonical transformations has a subgroup whose algebraic property is the same as that of the (2+1)-dimensional Lorentz group, it may be possible to test certain properties of the Lorentz group using optical devices. A possible experiment to measure the Wigner rotation angle is discussed.
14939249
Coupled Harmonic Oscillators and Feynman's Rest of the Universe
According to Feynman, the universe consists of two parts - the system in which we are interested and the rest of the universe which our measurement process does not reach. Feynman then formulates the density matrix in terms of the observable world and the rest of the universe. It is shown that coupled harmonic oscillators can serve as an illustrative example for Feynman's ``rest of the universe.'' It is pointed out that this simple example has far-reaching consequences in many branches of physics, including statistical mechanics, measurement theory, information theory, thermo-field dynamics, quantum optics, and relativistic quantum mechanics. It is shown that our ignorance of the rest of the universe increases the uncertainty and entropy in the system in which we are interested.
1320799
Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions in polarization optics.
Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions are manifestations of the internal space-time symmetries of massive and massless particles, respectively. It is shown to be possible to produce combinations of optical filters which exhibit transformations corresponding to Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions. This is possible because the combined effects of rotation, phase-shift, and attenuation filters lead to transformation matrices of the six-parameter Lorentz group applicable to Jones vectors and Stokes parameters for polarized light waves. The symmetry transformations in special relativity lead to a set of experiments which can be performed in optics laboratories.
73571003
Time separation as a hidden variable to the Copenhagen school of quantum mechanics
The Bohr radius is a space‐like separation between the proton and electron in the hydrogen atom. According to the Copenhagen school of quantum mechanics, the proton is sitting in the absolute Lorentz frame. If this hydrogen atom is observed from a different Lorentz frame, there is a time‐like separation linearly mixed with the Bohr radius. Indeed, the time‐separation is one of the essential variables in high‐energy hadronic physics where the hadron is a bound state of the quarks, while thoroughly hidden in the present form of quantum mechanics. It will be concluded that this variable is hidden in Feynman’s rest of the universe. It is noted first that Feynman’s Lorentz‐invariant differential equation for the bound‐state quarks has a set of solutions which describe all essential features of hadronic physics. These solutions explicitly depend on the time separation between the quarks. This set also forms the mathematical basis for two‐mode squeezed states in quantum optics, where both photons are observable,...
668406
Quantization of electromagnetic fields in a circular cylindrical cavity
We present a quantization procedure for the electromagnetic field in a circular cylindrical cavity with perfectly conducting walls, which is based on the decomposition of the field. A new decomposition procedure is proposed; all vector mode functions satisfying the boundary conditions are obtained with the help of this decomposition. After expanding the quantized field in terms of the vector mode functions, it is possible to derive the Hamiltonian for this quantized system.
40702960
Covariant phase-space representation and overlapping distribution functions.
The Lorentz deformation property of the phase-space distribution function is studied for harmonic oscillators. The overlap effect of two distribution functions is discussed in detail. It is shown that the Lorentz deformation of the phase-space distribution is responsible for the polynomial cutoff behavior of the proton form factor in the harmonic-oscillator quark model.
31308326
Probing supergravity models with indirect experimental signatures.
We explore the one-loop electroweak radiative corrections in the context of the traditional minimal SU(5) and the string-inspired SU(5)[times]U(1) supergravity models by calculating explicitly vacuum-polarization and vertex-correction contributions to the [epsilon][sub 1] and [epsilon][sub [ital b]] parameters. We also include in this analysis the constraint from [ital b][r arrow][ital s][gamma] whose inclusive branching ratio [ital B]([ital b][r arrow][ital s][gamma]) has been actually measured very recently by CLEO. We find that by combining these three most important indirect experimental signatures and using the most recent experimental values for them, [ital m][sub [ital t]][approx gt]170 GeV is excluded for [mu][gt]0 in both minimal SU(5) supergravity and no-scale SU(5)[times]U(1) supergravity. We also find that [ital m][sub [ital t]][approx gt]175 (185) GeV is excluded for any sign of [mu] in the minimal [SU(5)[times]U(1)] supergravity model.
317645
Fermion doubling and a natural solution of the strong CP problem.
We suggest the fermion doubling for all quarks and leptons. It is a generalization of the neutrino doubling of the seesaw mechanism. The new quarks and leptons are SU(2) singlets and carry the electromagnetic charges of their lighter counterparts. An SU(3) [ital anomaly[minus]free] [ital global] [ital symmetry] or a discrete symmetry can be introduced to restrict the Yukawa couplings. The form of mass matrix belongs to that of Nelson and Barr. The weak [ital CP] violation of the Kobayashi-Maskawa form is obtained through the spontaneous breaking of [ital CP] symmetry at the high energy scale. The strong [ital CP] solution is through a specific form of the mass matrix. At low energy, the particle content is the same as in the standard model. For a model with a global symmetry, in addition, there exists a massless Majoron.
26549212
Fission of heavy nuclei induced by stopped antiprotons. II. Correlations between fission fragments.
Antiproton-induced fission has been investigated with a novel double-arm fission fragment spectrometer. The correlations in mass, energy, and velocity between two fragments were measured. The dependence of total kinetic energy, velocity, momentum of the fissioning nucleus, and momentum of the fission fragments on the mass loss was deduced and analyzed in the framework of the dynamical statistical model. This model takes into account all stages before, during and after {ital {bar p}}-induced fission (atomic cascade, intranuclear cascade, evaporation cascade, fission of the compound nucleus, evaporation from the fission fragments). The mass loss was used as a measure of the excitation energy to classify the fission events according to the corresponding excitation energies. Some discrepancies between the model calculation and the experiment show the important role of dissipative effects in the {ital {bar p}}-induced fission process. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
14542071
Study of exclusive radiative B meson decays
We have studied exclusive, radiative B meson decays to charmless mesons in 9.7x10(6) B&Bmacr; decays accumulated with the CLEO detector. We measure B(B0-->K(*0)(892)gamma) = (4.55(+0.72)(-0. 68)+/-0.34)x10(-5) and B(B+-->K(*+)(892)gamma) = (3.76(+0.89)(-0. 83)+/-0.28)x10(-5). We have searched for CP asymmetry in B-->K(*)(892)gamma decays and measure A(CP) = +0.08+/-0.13+/-0.03. We report the first observation of B-->K(*)(2)(1430)gamma decays with a branching fraction of (1.66(+0.59)(-0.53)+/-0.13)x10(-5). No evidence for the decays B-->rhogamma and B0-->omegagamma is found and we limit B(B-->(rho/omega)gamma)/B(B-->K(*)(892)gamma)<0.32 at 90% C.L.
39663516
Dynamical axion.