119293147
A proposal on the galaxy intrinsic alignment self-calibration in weak lensing surveys
The galaxy intrinsic alignment causes the galaxy ellipticity-ellipticity power spectrum between two photometric redshifts to decrease faster with respect to the redshift separation Delta z(P), for fixed mean redshift. This offers a valuable diagnosis on the intrinsic alignment. We show that the distinctive dependences of the GG, II and GI correlations on Delta z(P) over the range vertical bar Delta z(P)vertical bar less than or similar to 0.2 can be understood robustly without strong assumptions on the intrinsic alignment. This allows us to measure the intrinsic alignment within each conventional photo-z bin of typical size greater than or similar to 0.2, through lensing tomography of photo-z bin size similar to 0.01. Both the statistical and systematical errors in the lensing cosmology can be reduced by this self-calibration technique.
124560798
Lensing of 21cm Absorption "Halos" of First Galaxies
15276899
The effect of cluster magnetic field on the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich power spectrum
Precision measurements of the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich (SZ) effect in upcoming blank sky surveys require theoretical understanding of all physical processes with ≳10 per cent effects on the SZ power spectrum. We show that the observed cluster magnetic field could reduce the SZ power spectrum by ∼20 per cent at l∼ 4000, where the SZ power spectrum will be precisely measured by the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich array (SZA) and the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT). At smaller scale, this effect is larger and could reach a factor of several. Such an effect must be considered for an unbiased interpretation of the SZ data. Although the magnetic effect on the SZ power spectrum is very similar to that of radiative cooling, it is measurable by multiband cosmic microwave background polarization measurement.
16130045
Isolating the Decay Rate of Cosmological Gravitational Potential
The decay rate of cosmological gravitational potential measures the deviation from Einstein-de Sitter universe and can put strong constraints on the nature of dark energy and gravity. The usual method to measure this decay rate is through the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect-large-scale structure (LSS) cross-correlation. However, the interpretation of the measured correlation signal is complicated by galaxy bias and the matter power spectrum. This could bias and/or degrade its constraints on the nature of dark energy and gravity. But combining the lensing-LSS cross-correlation measurements, the decay rate of gravitational potential can be isolated. For any given narrow redshift bin of LSS, the ratio of the two cross-correlations directly measures H(z)/W(χ, χs), where D is the linear growth factor of the gravitational potential, H is the Hubble constant at redshift z, W(χ, χs) is the lensing kernel, and χ and χs are the comoving angular diameter distance to lens and source, respectively. This method is optimal in the sense that (1) the measured quantity is essentially free of systematic errors and is only limited by cosmic variance, and (2) the measured quantity depends only on several cosmological parameters and can be predicted from first principles unambiguously. Although fundamentally limited by the inevitably large cosmic variance associated with the ISW measurements, it can still put useful independent constraints on the amount of dark energy and its equation of state. It can also provide a powerful test of modified gravity and can distinguish the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati model from ΛCDM at >2.5 σ confidence level.
15003877
SELF-CALIBRATION OF GRAVITATIONAL SHEAR-GALAXY INTRINSIC ELLIPTICITY CORRELATION IN WEAK LENSING SURVEYS
The galaxy intrinsic alignment is a severe challenge to precision cosmic shear measurement. We propose self-calibrating the induced gravitational shear-galaxy intrinsic ellipticity correlation (the GI correlation) in weak lensing surveys with photometric redshift measurements. (1) We propose a method to extract the intrinsic ellipticity-galaxy density cross-correlation (I-g) from the galaxy ellipticity-density measurement in the same redshift bin. (2) We also find a generic scaling relation to convert the extracted I-g correlation to the necessary GI correlation. We perform a concept study under simplified conditions and demonstrate its capability to significantly reduce GI contamination. We discuss the impact of various complexities on the two key ingredients of the self-calibration technique, namely the method for extracting the I-g correlation and the scaling relation between the I-g and the GI correlation. We expect that none of them will likely be able to completely invalidate the proposed self-calibration technique.
6161166
Dimming of Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Busts by Compton Scattering and Its Cosmological Implications
Free electrons deplete photons from Type Ia supernovae through the (inverse) Compton scattering. This Compton dimming increases with redshift and reaches 0.004 mag at z = 1 and 0.01 mag at z = 2. Although far from sufficient to invalidate the existence of dark energy, it can bias constraints on dark energy at a level nonnegligible for future supernova surveys. This effect is correctable and should be incorporated in supernova analysis. The Compton dimming has similar impact on cosmology based on gamma-ray bursts as standard candles.
119277755
Nucleon Momentum Decomposition in QCD
~Based on the gauge invariant quark canonical momentum we construct two theoretically possible decompositions of nucleon momentum to those of quarks and gluons. We predict that either 6% or 21% of nucleon momentum is carried by gluons, depending on what type of gluons are in nucleons. We clarify the existing confusions on this problem and discuss the physical implications of our result on the proton spin crisis problem.
119220682
Consistent gauge invariant nucleon spin decomposition
We consider a non-uniqueness problem of gauge invariant nucleon spin decomposition. A gauge invariant decomposition with a generalized Coulomb constraint for the physical gluon has been constructed. The decomposition scheme is consistent with the concept of helicity in non-Abelian gauge theory. We provide an explicit representation for the gauge invariant Abelian projection which implies further separation of gluon into binding and valence parts.
44301996
BEAM-BASED HOM STUDY IN THIRD HARMONIC SC CAVITIES FOR BEAM ALIGNMENT AT FLASH*
An electron beam entering an accelerator cavity excites higher order modes (HOM). These are radiated to HOM couplers and subsequently damped. They can also be used to facilitate beam position monitoring. The modes excited by off-axis beams are the focus of this study. Results are presented on the first analysis of HOM dependency on the beam position for the third harmonic cavities at FLASH. The analysis is based on the beampipe and cavity dipole modes. Various analysis methods are used and compared to satisfy the needs emerging from the characteristics of those modes. The electric center of each mode is observed by looking for the minima of the HOM signals of different beam positions. A single electron bunch per RF pulse is used.
55635310
Study of Beam Diagnostics with Trapped Modes in Third Harmonic Superconducting Cavities at FLASH
Off-axis beams passing through an accelerating cavity excite dipole modes among other higher order modes (HOMs). These modes have linear dependence on the transverse beam offset from the cavity axis. Therefore they can be used to monitor the beam position within the cavity. The fifth dipole passband of the third harmonic superconducting cavities at FLASH has modes trapped within each cavity and do not propagate through the adjacent beam pipes, while most other cavity modes do. This could enable the beam position measurement in individual cavities. This paper investigates the possibility to use the fifth dipole band for beam alignment in the third harmonic cavity module. Simulations and measurements both with and without beam-excitations are presented. Various analysis methods are used and compared. A good correlation of HOM signals to the beam position is observed.
56073920
A Study of Beam Alignment Based on Coupling Modes in Third Harmonic Superconducting Cavities at FLASH
This paper presents a study of beam alignment in accelerating cavities based on beam-excited higher order modes (HOM). Among the transverse HOMs, dipole modes have the dominant contribution, and may have an adverse effect on the beam quality. Since they depend linearly on the transverse beam offset, their effect can be reduced by aligning the beam in the cavity. The study has been made on the four third harmonic superconducting cavities installed in the ACC39 module at FLASH. Modes with strong beam coupling were monitored while moving the beam and searching for the minimum excited HOM power.