16242084
The physics of dense hadronic matter and compact stars
Abstract This review describes the properties of hadronic phases of dense matter in compact stars. The theory is developed within the method of real-time Green’s functions and is applied to the study of baryonic matter at and above the saturation density. The non-relativistic and covariant theories based on continuum Green’s functions and the T -matrix and related approximations to the self-energies are reviewed. The effects of symmetry energy, onset of hyperons and meson condensation on the properties of stellar configurations are demonstrated on specific examples. Neutrino interactions with baryonic matter are introduced within a kinetic theory. We concentrate on the classification, analysis and first principle derivation of neutrino radiation processes from unpaired and superfluid hadronic phases. We then demonstrate how neutrino radiation rates from various microscopic processes affect the macroscopic cooling of neutron stars and how the observed X-ray fluxes from pulsars constrain the properties of dense hadronic matter.
118545262
Phase diagram of chiral quark matter: Color and electrically neutral Fulde-Ferrell phase
The phase diagram of charge and color neutral two-flavor color superconducting quark matter is studied including the homogeneous two-flavor superconductor (2SC) and the inhomogeneous Fulde-Ferrell (FF) phases within the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. The low-temperature domain T{<=}5 MeV of the phase diagram contains the FF phase, which borders at high temperatures to the 2SC phase. The critical temperature of phase transition from the 2SC to the unpaired state is in the range 20-30 MeV. We derive the equation of state of matter and its composition and show that matter in mature compact stars should be in the inhomogeneous FF-like superconducting state. We briefly discuss the astrophysical implications of such a phase in compact stars.
16685281
Neutron-Phonon Interaction in Neutron Star Crusts
The phonon spectrum of Coulomb lattice in neutron star crusts above the neutron drip density is affected by the interaction with the ambient neutron Fermi-liquid. For the values of the neutron-phonon coupling constant in the range $0.1 \le \lambda \le 1$ an appreciable renormalization of the phonon spectrum occurs which can lead to a lattice instability manifested in an exponential growth of the density fluctuations. The BCS phonon exchange mechanism of superconductivity leads to neutron pairing with a gap in the neutron excitation spectrum comparable to that due to the direct nuclear interaction.
121705206
Reply to “Comment on ‘Interaction induced deformation of the momentum distribution of spin polarized nuclear matter’ ”
A comparison is made between a Brueckner-Hartree-Fock study of spin polarized nuclear matter allowing for deformation of the Fermi spheres and studies of such systems in terms of the Landau parametrization of the effective interaction.
10967331
Spin Evolution of Pulsars with Weakly Coupled Superfluid Interiors
We discuss the spin evolution of pulsars in the case where a superfluid component of the star is coupled to the observable crust on long, spin-down timescales. The momentum transfer from the superfluid interior results in an apparent decay of the external torque and, after a dramatic increase, in an asymptotic decrease of the generic value of the braking index, e.g., n = 3, to values n ~ 2.5 if the magnetic field of the star does not decay over its lifetime. In the case where an exponential decay of the magnetic field toward a residual value occurs, the star undergoes a spin-up phase after which it could emerge in the millisecond sector of the P- diagram.
7071448
Neutrino-pair emission in a strong magnetic field
We study the neutrino emissivity of strongly magne- tized neutron stars due to the charged and neutral current cou- plings of neutrinos to baryons in strong magnetic fields. The leading order neutral current process is the one-body neutrino- pair bremsstrahlung, which does not have an analogue in the zero field limit. The leading order charged current reaction is the known generalization of the direct Urca processes to strong magnetic fields. While for superstrong magnetic fields in excess of 10 18 G the direct Urca process dominates the one-body bremsstrahlung, we find that for fields on the order 10 16 10 17 G and temperatures a few times10 9 K the one-body bremsstrahlung is the dominant process. Numerical computa- tion of the resulting emissivity, based on a simple parametriza- tion of the equation of state of the npe-matter in a strong mag- netic field, shows that the emissivity of this reaction is of the same order of magnitude as that of the modified Urca process in the zero field limit.
118895506
From integrable models to gauge theories : a volume in honor of Sergei Matinyan
3D Ising model on dual BCC lattice - the sign-factor, J. Ambjorn et al on algebra of the Baxter Q-operators, A.A. Belavin and R.A. Usmanov aspect of locality in the form factor programme, O.A. Castro-Alvaredo and A. Fring on the origin of symmetries, J.L. Chkareuli generalization of magnetic fields in cosmology, A.D. Dolgov the coefficients of the Seiberg-Witten prepotential as interaction numbers, R. Flume et al on the cosmological constant and vacuum energy, V.G. Gurzadyan and S.S. Xue topics in Parton model, O.V. Kancheli Bjorken asymptotics of QCD and integrable systems, D. Karakhanyan and R. Kirschner entropy and area of black holes in loop quantum gravity, I.B. Khriplovich statistical ensembles and density of states, V. Kostrykin and R. Schrader the anthropic principle revisited, B. Mueller fundamental units, L.B. Okun structure constant of boundary operators in Liouville field theory, B. Ponsot and J. Teschner winding number versus Chern-Pontryagin charge, T. Tchrakian magnetically induced vacuum-energy releasing, S.S. Xue. (Part contents)