119999230
Early days in cosmic rays
Early in 1928, shortly after receiving my PhD at the University of Bologna, I was offered the position of assistant at the Physics Institute of the University of Florence. The Institute rose among olive trees, on the hill of Arcetri, a short distance from the villa where Galileo had spent the last years of his life as a political exile. The chair of physics was held by Professor Antonio Garbasso who, in earlier years, had done some creditable scientific work. But the first world war and subsequent events had diverted his interests toward politics. He was now a senator and the mayor of Florence. However, he still went to Arcetri three times a week to deliver his lectures, and he still had a strong desire to see the Institute, which he had built, become an important center of research.
122928206
ISOTROPY OF COSMIC RADIATION
Cosmic radiation data obtained at the Mass. Inst. of Tech. Volcano Ranch station in 1960 to 1961 were compared with that taken in 1959 to 1960 at the same location. The 1960 to 1961 data were obtained after the area of the array was increased by a factor of four and therefore have 3 times the statistical weight of the 1959 to 1960 data. An isotropic distribution in the direction of arrival of primary particles at about 10/sup 18/ ev is indicated. No conclusive evidence for existence or non-existence of anisotropies was found. (L.N.N.)
120635227
Cosmic-Ray Theory
121123430
Cosmic-Ray Air Showers at Sea Level
16952539
Variation of the Rate of Decay of Mesotrons with Momentum
In order to determine the dependence of the probability of decay on momentum, mesotrons with range between 196 and 311 g/cm' of lead and mesotrons with range larger than 311 g/cm' of lead were investigated separately. The softer group of mesotrons was found to disintegrate at a rate about three times faster than the more penetrating group, in agreement with the theoretical predictions based on the relativity change in rate of a moving clock. A new value of the proper lifetime of mesotrons of (2.4+0.3) &(10 ' sec. is determined, based upon measurements with particles with momentum of approximately 5 &&10' ev/c.
120791125
Extremely Energetic Cosmic-Ray Event
An energetic cosmic ray event was analyzed using a a. The date of the event, though unspecified, was between Sept., 1959 and May, 1960. The event was recorded at the M.I.T. stution near Albuquerque. The shower center, radius, axis direction, composition, and arrival times at various counters are given. A model for the event is suggested. (T.F.H.)
49214489
NA61/SHINE facility at the CERN SPS: beams and detector system
NA61/SHINE (SPS Heavy Ion and Neutrino Experiment) is a multi-purpose experimental facility to study hadron production in hadron-proton, hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron. It recorded the first physics data with hadron beams in 2009 and with ion beams (secondary 7Be beams) in 2011. NA61/SHINE has greatly profited from the long development of the CERN proton and ion sources and the accelerator chain as well as the H2 beamline of the CERN North Area. The latter has recently been modified to also serve as a fragment separator as needed to produce the Be beams for NA61/SHINE. Numerous components of the NA61/SHINE set-up were inherited from its predecessors, in particular, the last one, the NA49 experiment. Important new detectors and upgrades of the legacy equipment were introduced by the NA61/SHINE Collaboration. This paper describes the state of the NA61/SHINE facility — the beams and the detector system — before the CERN Long Shutdown I, which started in March 2013.
119265780
Ionization signals from electrons and alpha-particles in mixtures of liquid Argon and Nitrogen – perspectives on protons for Gamma Resonant Nuclear Absorption applications
In this paper we report on a detailed study of ionization signals produced by Compton electrons and alpha-particles in a Time Projection Chamber (TPC) filled with different mixtures of liquid Argon and Nitrogen. The measurements were carried out with Nitrogen concentrations up to 15% and a drift electric field in the range 0-50 kV/cm. A prediction for proton ionization signals is made by means of interpolation. This study has been conducted in view of the possible use of liquid Ar−N2 TPCs for the detection of gamma-rays in the resonant band of the Nitrogen absorption spectrum, a promising technology for security and medical applications.
122078935
The LAGUNA project: Towards the giant liquid based detectors for proton decay searches and for low energy neutrino astrophysics
Jan Kisiel Institute of Physics, University of Silesia Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice, Poland E-mail: Jan.Kisiel@us.edu.pl D. Angusa, A. Arigab, D. Autieroc, A. Apostud, A. Badertschere, T. Bennetf, G. Bertolag, P.F. Bertolag, O. Besidah, A. Bettinii, C. Boothf, J.L. Bornec, I. Brancusd, W. Bujakowskij, J.E. Campagnec, G. Cata-Danild, F. Chipesiud, M. Chorowskik, J. Crippsf, A. Curionie, S. Davidsonc, Y.R.A Declaisc, U. Drostg, O. Duliul, J. Dumarchezc, T. Enqvistm, A. Ereditatob, F. v Feilitzschn, H. Fynboo, T. Gamblef, G. Galvaninp, A. Gendottie, W. Gizickik, M. GogerNeffn, U. Grassling, D. Gurneyq, M. Hakalar, S. Hannestado, M. Haworthq, A. Jipal, F. Jugetb, T. Kalliokoskis, S. Katsanevasc, M. Keent, I.Kreslob, V. Kudryastevf, P. Kuusiniemim, L. Labargau, T. Lachenmaiern, J.C. Lanfranchin, I. Lazanul, T. Lewken, K. Loom, P. Lightfootf, M. Lindnerv, P. Lombardiw, A. Longhinh, J. Maalampis, M. Marafinic, A. Marchionnie, R.M. Margineanud, A. Markiewiczx, T. Marrodan-Undagoitan, J.E. Marteauc, R. Matikainenr, Q. Meindln, M. Messinab, J.W. Mietelskiy, B. Mitricad, A. Mordasinig, L. Moscah, U. Moserb, G. Nuijtenr, L. Oberauern, A. Oprinad, S. Palingf, S. Pascolia, T. Patzakc, M. Pectud, Z. Pileckij, F. Piquemalc, W. Potzeln, W. Pytelx, M. Raczynskix, G. Raffeltz, G. Ranucciw, G. Ristainop, M. Robinsonf, R. Rogersq, J. Roinistor, M. Romanai, E. RondioA, B. Rossib, A. Rubbiae, Z. Sadeckix, C. Saenzi, A. Saftoiud, J. Salmelainenr, O. Simal, J. Slizowskij, K. Slizowskij, J. SobczykB, N. Spoonerf, S. Stoicad, J. Suhonens, R. SulejA, M. Szarskay, T. SzeglowskiC, M. Temussip, J. Thompsonq, L. Thompsonf, W.H. Trzaskas, M. Tippmannn, A. Tonazzoc, K. Urbanczykj, G. Vasseurh, A. Williamst, J. Wintern, K. Wojtuszewskaj, M. Wurmn, A. Zalewskay, M. Zampaoloc, M. Zitoh
122307837
First measurements with ARGONTUBE, a 5m long drift Liquid Argon TPC
Abstract The Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LAr TPC) technique is a promising technology for future neutrino detectors. At LHEP of the University of Bern (Switzerland), an R&D program towards large detectors are on-going. The main goal is to show the feasibility of long drift paths over many meters. Therefore, a liquid Argon TPC with 5 m of drift distance was constructed. Many other aspects of the liquid Argon TPC technology are also investigated, such as a new device to generate high voltage in liquid Argon (Greinacher circuit), a recirculation filtering system and the multi-photon ionization of liquid Argon with a UV laser. Two detectors are built: a medium size prototype for specific detector technology studies, and ARGONTUBE, a 5 m long device.
118520783
Study of Pion Production in \nu_\mu CC Interactions on O16 Using Different MC Generators
In this report we present simulated event numbers, for various MC generators, for pion production in $\nu_{\mu}$ CC reactions on $\nucl{16}{O}$. For the simulation we used four different neutrino interaction generators: GENIE, FLUKA, NEUT, and NuWro, as proposed during the 45th Karpacz Winter School on neutrino interactions. First we give a brief outline of the theoretical models relevant to pion production. We then present results, in the form of tables showing the occupancy of primary and final state pion topologies, for all the generated samples. Finally we compare the results from the different generators and draw conclusions about the similarities and differences. For some of the generators we explore the effect of varying the axial mass parameter or the use of a different nuclear model.