44528734
Personalizing Location-Aware Applications
A DMA controller operable within a host adapter which automatically transmits replies to an attached host system to thereby reduce overhead processing in the I/O processor of the host adapter. The DMA controller is preferably operable to perform DMA transfers in accordance with one or more scatter/gather lists descriptive of the desired data transfer. A flag bit associated with and/or contained in entries of the scatter/gather list signifies the need to transmit a reply message to the host system. The requisite reply message is transmitted to the host system by the DMA controller following the DMA transfer of the block defined by the scatter/gather list entry containing the indicator. The reply message content is determined in accordance with information associated with and/or contained in the subsequent entry of the scatter/gather list. The subsequent scatter/gather list entry includes a reference to the reply message content and a reference to the destination location to which the reply is transmitted. In the preferred embodiment, the host adapter is operable in accordance with the industry standard I2O specifications. A reply message is transmitted to the I2O compatible host system interface via I2O defined outbound queues and context structures defined in the subsequent scatter/gather list. In addition, the reply message may be either static and predefined or dynamically generated by the DMA controller. Further, the destination for the reply message may be either statically encoded in the scatter/gather list entry or may be dynamically obtained from the context structures by the DMA controller.
9734730
Using sketches and knowledge bases for geo-spatial image retrieval
Abstract This paper presents research in the field of knowledge management for geo-spatial imagery including scanned aerial photos and satellite images. We have developed a web-based system that allows users to query a database of images not only using metadata, but also drawing sketches of configurations of objects they are interested in as well as inputting textual descriptions of their intended task. Our system integrates case-based reasoning techniques to form a knowledge base from previously issued queries that can be exploited to improve future query processing and to build organizational memory through experience capture. The effective design and implementation of a user-friendly graphic user interface plays an important role for the system to provide improved human–computer interaction and decision support.
2995800
Improving Case-Based Recommendation: A Collaborative Filtering Approach
Data Mining, or Knowledge Discovery as it is also known, is becoming increasingly useful in a wide variety of applications. In the following paper, we lookat its use in combating some of the traditional issues faced with recommender systems. We discuss our ongoing work which aims to enhance the performance of PTV, an applied recommender system working in the TV listings domain. This system currently combines the results of separate user-based collaborative and case-based components to recommend programs to users. Our extension to this idea operates on the theory of developing a case-based view of the collaborative component itself. By using data mining techniques to extract relationships between programme items, we can address the sparsity/maintenance problem. We also adopt a unique approach to recommendation ranking which combines user similarities and item similarities to provide more effective recommendation orderings. Experimental results corroborate our ideas, demonstrating the effectiveness of data mining in improving recommender systems by providing similarity knowledge to address sparsity, both at user-based recommendation level and recommendation ranking level.
34275727
The Law of Choice and the Decision Not to Decide
Disclosed is a seismic source device, known in the industry as an air gun, having shuttle control for allowing a predetermined discharge of compressed air into water for purposes of seismic exploration. The shuttle is controlled by secondary shuttle means for closing the exhaust ports before all of the compressed air in the firing chamber of the air gun is exhausted. This point of closing the exhaust ports before virtually all of the compressed air is discharged differs from prior art air guns. By preventing further discharge of air, secondary pulses are greatly reduced, thereby enhancing the operation of the entire system. Further, by preventing all the air in the firing chamber from being discharged, the system becomes more efficient and more cost effective.
15992473
Categorizing Case-Base Maintenance: Dimensions and Directions
Experience with the growing number of large-scale CBR systems has led to increasing recognition of the importance of case-base maintenance. Multiple researchers have addressed pieces of the case-base maintenance problem, considering such issues as maintaining consistency and controlling case-base growth. However, despite the existence of these cases of case-base maintenance, there is no general framework of dimensions for describing case-base maintenance systems. Such a framework would be useful both to understand the state of the art in case-base maintenance and to suggest new avenues of exploration by identifying points along the dimensions that have not yet been studied. This paper presents a first attempt at identifying the dimensions of case-base maintenance. It shows that characterizations along such dimensions can suggest avenues for future case-base maintenance research and presents initial steps exploring one of those avenues: identifying patterns of problems that require generalized revisions and addressing them with lazy updating.
18310211
A Case Study of Case-Based CBR
Case-based reasoning depends on multiple knowledge sources beyond the case library, including knowledge about case adaptation and criteria for similarity assessment. Because hand coding this knowledge accounts for a large part of the knowledge acquisition burden for developing CBR systems, it is appealing to acquire it by learning, and CBR is a promising learning method to apply. This observation suggests developing case-based CBR systems, CBR systems whose components themselves use CBR. However, despite early interest in case-based approaches to CBR, this method has received comparatively little attention. Open questions include how case-based components of a CBR system should be designed, the amount of knowledge acquisition effort they require, and their effectiveness. This paper investigates these questions through a case study of issues addressed, methods used, and results achieved by a case-based planning system that uses CBR to guide its case adaptation and similarity assessment. The paper discusses design considerations and presents empirical results that support the usefulness of case-based CBR, that point to potential problems and tradeoffs, and that directly demonstrate the overlapping roles of different CBR knowledge sources. The paper closes with general lessons about case-based CBR and areas for future research.
46257718
Comparison of Traditional Brain Segmentation Tools with 3D Self-Organizing Maps
Algorithm-assisted 3D MR brain segmentation may be significantly faster than manual methods and produce visually pleasing results. We tested two- and three-dimensional region growing (2DRG and 3DRG) and self-organizing map (SOM) algorithms for segmentation of the cerebral ventricles. The SOM algorithm provides the greatest times savings, 12∶1, over manual segmentation. Concern for reproducibility of algorithm-assisted segmentation motivated an intra-operator comparative study of these and manual segmentation methods. One of us, DK, segmented the cerebral ventricles from S 3D MR-scan data sets three times manually and with the three algorithms. When variability is measured as the shape variance of derived landmarks sets, the three algorithm-assisted methods show less intra-operator variability than manual segmentation. The 2DRG and 3DRG segmentations show more variability than SOM. Of the 4 methods, SOM segmentation requires the fewest operator decisions.
204991687
Interpretation of a basic hypergeometric identity with Lie characters and Young tableaux
A combinatorial interpretation involving semistandard tableaux is provided for a four parameter terminating sum identity for the basic hypergeometric series 6?5. This identity is first produced by taking the principal specialization of a tensor product identity for two GL(n) characters.
18154290
An analytic technique for router comparison
Design automation of electronic systems is generally separated into a number of distinct areas of effort. Breuer [1] has divided design automation into the areas of logic synthesis, gate simulation, partitioning, placement, routing, and fault detection and diagnosis. While this separation may not be complete or entirely accurate, these functions generally must be performed.
13385001
An experimental comparison of force directed placement techniques
Force-directed placement algorithms are experimentally compared using several sample problems. Significant differences are noted in the computational efficiency of the algorithms, and in the relationship of the placement solution to the routability of the resulting board.