119115494
Neutrino superluminality without Cherenkov-like processes in Finslerian special relativity
Recently, Cohen and Glashow [A.G. Cohen, S.L. Glashow, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 (2011) 181803] pointed out that the superluminal neutrinos reported by the OPERA would lose their energy rapidly via the Cherenkov-like process. The Cherenkov-like process for the superluminal particles would be forbidden if the principle of special relativity holds in any frame instead violated with a preferred frame. We have proposed that the Finslerian special relativity could account for the data of the neutrino superluminality (arXiv:1110.6673 [hep-ph]). The Finslerian special relativity preserves the principle of special relativity and involves a preferred direction while consists with the causality. In this Letter, we prove that the energy-momentum conservation is preserved and the energy-momentum is well defined in Finslerian special relativity. The Cherenkov-like process is forbidden in the Finslerian special relativity. Thus, the superluminal neutrinos would not lose energy in their distant propagation. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
118441255
OPERA SUPERLUMINAL NEUTRINOS AND KINEMATICS IN FINSLER SPACETIME
The OPERA collaboration recently reported that the muon neutrinos could be superluminal. More recently, Cohen and Glashow pointed that such superluminal neutrinos would be suppressed since they lose their energies rapidly via bremsstrahlung. Here, we propose that the Finslerian nature of the space time could account for the superluminal phenomena of particles. The Finsler spacetime permits the existence of the superluminal behavior of particles while the causality still holds. A new dispersion relation is obtained in a class of Finsler spacetimes. It is shown that the superluminal speed is linearly dependent on the energy per unit mass of the particle. We find that such a superluminal speed formula is consistent with the data of the OPERA, MINOS and Fermilab-1979 neutrino experiments as well as the observations on the neutrinos from the SN1987A.
14104948
Two particle states in an asymmetric box and the elastic scattering phases
The exact two-particle energy eigenstates in a generic asymmetric rectangular box with periodic boundary conditions in all three directions are studied. Their relations with the elastic scattering phases of the two particles in the continuum are obtained for both ${D}_{4}$ and ${D}_{2}$ symmetries. These results can be viewed as a generalization of the corresponding formulas in a cubic box obtained by L\"uscher before. In particular, the s-wave scattering length is related to the energy shift in the finite box. Possible applications of these formulas are also discussed.
118130623
Quantum resonance scheme to measure the gravitational constant G
14726570
Massive domain wall fermions on four-dimensional anisotropic lattices
We formulate the massive domain wall fermions on anisotropic lattices. For the massive domain wall fermion, we find that the dispersion relation assumes the usual form in the low momentum region when the bare parameters are properly tuned. The quark self-energy and the quark field renormalization constants are calculated to one-loop in bare lattice perturbation theory. For light domain wall fermions, we verified that the chiral mode is stable against quantum fluctuations on anisotropic lattices. This calculation serves as a guidance for the tuning of the parameters in the quark action in future numerical simulations.
119312663
Unification of Dark Matter and Dark Energy in a Modified Entropic Force Model
In Verlinde's entropic force scenario of gravity, Newton's laws and Einstein equations can be obtained from the first principles and general assumptions. However, the equipartition law of energy is invalid at very low temperatures. We show clearly that the threshold of the equipartition law of energy is related with horizon of the universe. Thus, a one-dimensional Debye (ODD) model in the direction of radius of the modified entropic force (MEF) may be suitable in description of the accelerated expanding universe. We present a Friedmann cosmic dynamical model in the ODD-MEF framework. We examine carefully constraints on the ODD-MEF model from the Union2 compilation of the Supernova Cosmology Project (SCP) collaboration, the data from the observation of the large-scale structure (LSS) and the cosmic microwave background (CMB), i.e. SNe Ia+LSS+CMB. The combined numerical analysis gives the best-fit value of the model parameters zeta similar or equal to 10(-9) and Omega(m0) = 0.224, with chi(2)(min) = 591.156. The corresponding age of the universe agrees with the result of D. Spergel et al. [J.M. Bardeen, B. Carter, and S.W. Hawking, Commun. Math. Phys. 31 (1973) 161] at 95% confidence level. The numerical result also yields an accelerated expanding universe without invoking any kind of dark energy. Taking zeta( 2 pi omega(D)/H-0) as a running parameter associated with the structure scale r, we obtain a possible unified scenario of the asymptotic flatness of the radial velocity dispersion of spiral galaxies, the accelerated expanding universe and the Pioneer 10/11 anomaly in the entropic force framework of Verlinde.
118721470
On the SO(10) instanton
A class of instantons in a four-dimensional Euclidean SO(10) model of grand unification is discussed. These solutions in the classical limit have nonzero Lagrangian density at only one single point. These instantons can generate baryon-number violation processes with rates which could be observable in the not too distant future.
120176772
Design of the local trigger board for the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment
We have designed a local trigger board for the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment, which is aimed to measure the neutrino mixing angle sin(2) 2 theta(13) with a precision down to 1% level. The local trigger board processes both the total number of coincident photomultiplier tube (PMT) hits and the PMT energy sum to make trigger decisions. With this design, a high trigger probability is achieved to meet the system requirement. The design of the local trigger board is presented. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
118478034
NNLO vertex corrections to non-leptonic B decays: Tree amplitudes
Abstract The colour-suppressed tree amplitude in non-leptonic B decays is particularly sensitive to perturbative and non-perturbative corrections. We calculate the two-loop (NNLO) vertex corrections to the colour-suppressed and colour-allowed tree amplitudes in QCD factorization. Our results are given completely analytically, including the full dependence on the charm quark mass. We then update theoretical predictions for a range of interesting observables derived from ππ, πρ and ρρ final states that do not depend (significantly) on penguin contributions, and hence are now available with NNLO accuracy. We observe good agreement with experimental data within experimental and theoretical errors, except for observables involving the π 0 π 0 branching fraction.
118417209
Cyclotron dynamics of interacting bosons in artificial magnetic fields
We study theoretically quantum dynamics of interacting bosons in artificial magnetic fields as engineered in recent ultracold atomic experiments, where quantum cyclotron orbital motion has been observed. With exact numerical simulations and perturbative analyses, we find that interactions induce damping in the cyclotron motion. The damping time is found to be dependent on interaction and tunneling strengths monotonically, while its dependence on magnetic flux is non-monotonic. Sufficiently strong interactions would render bosons dynamically localized inhibiting the cyclotron motion. The damping predicted by us can be construed as an interaction-induced quantum decoherence of the cyclotron motion.
2179030
Weyl superfluidity in a three-dimensional dipolar Fermi gas.
Weyl superconductivity or superfluidity, a fascinating topological state of matter, features novel phenomena such as emergent Weyl fermionic excitations and anomalies. Here we report that an anisotropic Weyl superfluid state can arise as a low temperature stable phase in a 3D dipolar Fermi gas. A crucial ingredient of our model is a direction-dependent two-body effective attraction generated by a rotating external field. Experimental signatures are predicted for cold gases in radio-frequency spectroscopy. The finite temperature phase diagram of this system is studied and the transition temperature of the Weyl superfluidity is found to be within the experimental scope for atomic dipolar Fermi gases.