32942434
Determination of the cross sections for the production of fragments from relativistic nucleus-nucleus interactions. I. Measurements.
Relativistic iron, lanthanum, holmium, and gold projectile nuclei with several different energies have been fragmented in targets of polyethylene, carbon, aluminum, copper, and lead. Our detectors cleanly resolve the individual charges of the heaviest of these fragments and provide some limited information on the masses. We have measured 1256 elemental partial cross sections for the production of fragments from interactions in these target materials. Values have been derived for another 417 cross sections in a hydrogen medium. These cross sections depend on the energy and mass of the projectile nuclei as well as on the nature of the target. Total charge-changing cross sections were also found, but only in a composite target, and have been shown to be weakly dependent on energy. The mean mass losses observed for fragments that have lost a few protons show that typically many neutrons are lost with each proton, producing fragment nuclei that must be highly proton rich, and consequently very unstable. The cross sections for charge pickup on heavy targets show a rapid increase with decreasing energy, particularly for the heaviest targets. The systematics of the dependencies of the partial cross sections will be discussed in a companion paper.
8364889
Determination of the cross sections for the production of fragments from relativistic nucleus-nucleus interactions. II. Parametric fits.
122267950
The UH-nuclei cosmic ray detector on the third high energy astronomy observatory
The third High Energy Astronomy Observatory satellite (HEAO-3) carries a particle telescope for the detection of highly charged cosmic ray nuclei. These nuclei, which have Z ≳ 28, are much rarer than the lower charged nuclei in the cosmic radiation. As a consequence, this particle telescope was required to have a large collecting area as well as an ability to resolve individual elements. This paper describes the telescope, composed of large area parallel plate ionization chambers, multiwire ion chamber hodoscopes and a Cherenkov radiation detector. The resulting telescope has a total geometry factor of 59,000 cm^2 sr and is capable of measuring the charges of nuclei in the range 14 ≲ Z ≲ 120.
117760493
The Elemental Abundance Ratios of Interstellar Secondary and Primary Cosmic Rays
The rigidity dependence of the ratios. of abundances of interstellar 
secondary and primary cosmic rays contains important 
information on their confinement and propagation in the Galaxy. 
Recent results suggest that high energy cosmic rays (> 20 GeV/nucleon) 
have propagated through much less interstellar matter than 
lower energy nuclei (< 1 GeV/nucleon). We report new observations 
of abundances in the charge range 2 ≤ Z ≤ 10, which were obtained 
with a dE/dx-Cerenkov detector launched into a polar orbit on OGO-6 
as part of the Caltech Solar and Galactic Cosmic Ray Experiment. 
Integral rigidity spectra of all the elements observed have shapes 
similar to that of the helium spectrum in the rigidity range ~ 2 
to ~ 14 GV, approaching a power law with exponent -1.6 above 8 GV. 
Calculations of interstellar propagation assuming a steady-state 
model and including the presence of interstellar helium and the 
effects of solar modulation predict a variation with rigidity of 
ratios such as Be/O and B/O, which is not observed. The data can 
be explained by assuming a rigidity-dependent confinement of 
cosmic rays within the Galaxy.
16029184
The effects of a local interstellar magnetic field on voyager 1 and 2 observations
We show that an interstellar magnetic field can produce a north-south asymmetry in the solar wind termination shock. Using Voyager 1 and 2 measurements, we suggest that the angle α between the interstellar wind velocity and the magnetic field is 30° < α < 60°. The distortion of the shock is such that termination shock particles could have streamed outward along the spiral interplanetary magnetic field connecting Voyager 1 to the shock when the spacecraft was within ~2 AU of the shock. The shock distortion is larger in the southern hemisphere, and Voyager 2 could be connected to the shock when it is within ~5 AU of the shock, but with particles from the shock streaming inward along the field. Tighter constraints on the interstellar magnetic field should be possible when Voyager 2 crosses the shock in the next several years.
121487391
Cosmic-ray negatron and positron spectra between 12 and 220 Mev.
The interplanetary negatron and positron spectra from 12 to 220 MeV have been determined with a balloon-borne magnetic spectrometer. The observed charge ratio e^+(e^+ + e^−)≈0.3 indicates that the flux most likely consists of a mixture of "primary" negatrons and interstellar "secondary" negatrons and positrons. We deduce an absolute solar modulation of the interstellar positron flux which decreases with decreasing magnetic rigidity below about 80 MV.
1906801
Improved upper limit on flavor-changing neutral-current decays of the b quark.
We report the results of a new search for flavor-changing neutral-current decays of the b quark and present a 90%-confidence-level upper limit for the branching fraction for B..-->..l/sup +/l/sup -/X of 1.2 x 10/sup -3/.
30140421
Superfluid dynamics of the fractional quantum Hall state.
Cet effet Hall est du a un nouvel etat de la matiere ayant des proprietes reminescentes de superfluidite. La derivation de l'equation d'Euler et de la contrainte quantique qui determinent la dynamique du superfluide permettent d'expliquer l'incompressibilite du liquide, les excitations des magnetophonons et d'etudier les forces agissant sur des vortex dont l'ancrage est responsable du plateau dans la resistance Hall
43801105
Possible resolution of the angular momentum paradox: Fractional charge, twist, and topology in 3He-A.
We attempt to resolve the angular momentum paradox in THe-A by connecting it to the phenomenon of charge fractionalization and by writing the current as a weighted Fermi-surface sum of fractional charges. We also give a novel interpretation of the twist term in terms of topology on the Fermi surface.
33893527
Edge waves in the quantum Hall effect and quantum dots.
We have studied numerically the spectrum of low-energy excitations for quantum dots containing up to 400 electrons near densities corresponding to the quantum-Hall-effect filling fraction \ensuremath{\nu}=1. The results show that, despite strong Coulomb interaction effects, the edge modes are well described as weakly interacting chiral boson edge waves.
37290502
Born-Oppenheimer approximation and the origin of Wess-Zumino terms: Some quantum-mechanical examples.
On donne des exemples de mecanique quantique dans lesquels la phase de Beny donne naissance a des termes de Wess-Zumino. On discute la relation avec l'approximation de Born-Oppenheimer