12838956
A Structured Approach to Program Reuse Library
27496669
Software Component Retrieval by Samples Using Concept Analysis
8249874
Software retrieval by samples using concept analysis
Abstract Finding and retrieving software components is one of the tasks of the building-block approach to software reuse. One interesting property of code components unlike other types of software artifacts is that they can be executed. The execution-based retrieval process tends to be too long to be incorporated in practice and faces the problem of non-termination and very long execution time. This paper describes a software component retrieval method using sample input–output behavior of the components (but without actual execution) based on concept analysis. The retrieval uses samples chosen by the developers of the components (rather than generated randomly or provided by the users). Based on the validity relation between components and samples, a concept lattice is constructed for the library by applying formal concept analysis. The user retrieves components by selecting valid samples incrementally for a desired component from a dynamically created menu of samples available in the library. Our method avoids the problems associated with actual execution-based retrieval such as non-termination and very long execution time, and also improves the retrieval time. Our approach can be directly applied to other levels of software components than code components as long as the components can be described in terms of some input–output relation.
16981497
Organizing and retrieving class components based on types for reuse
Reusing existing software components improves software development productivity. Classes are basic building blocks in object-oriented programming. One of the central issues in reusing existing classes in object-orient programming is to find suitable reusable classes. This paper describes a method of organizing the OO class library for retrieving classes using type information. The method is based on (i) grouping classes based on the number of methods and the number of arguments of methods in classes and (ii) linking both groups and classes based on potential reusability relationships. This structured reuse library allows the class retrieval process to be done efficiently by narrowing the search space using groups and links. The user can also navigate the reuse library and learn about potential reusability among class components.
26202841
An execution-based retrieval of object-oriented components
Software reuse and object-oriented software development is recognized as one of the promising techniques to improve software development. Class components are basic building blocks in objectoriented software development. This paper describes a method of retrieving potentially reusable objected-oriented class components from a class library by executing classes in the class library on a test program based on a user-provided sample behavior of the desired class. The method handles the class hierarchy and uses a strategy maximum number of matched methods and minimum unmatched methods to find the classes close to the desired class. Based on the method, a prototype implementation of the class retrieval tool is implemented for Java classes.
15172968
A structured approach to retrieving functions by types
A solid state area imaging apparatus having a photosensor matrix array disposed at a front surface area of a substrate and having a charge transfer arrangement for transferring charges generated in the photosensors of the matrix so as to convert them into a serial signal. It also includes a penetrative charge transfer arrangement for transferring the charge from the front surface area of the substrate to the back surface area of the substrate, and which has a static induction transistor structure. The charges are transferred vertically through a channel formed in the structure of the static induction transistor. This penetrative charge transfer arrangement may be used as a part of the transfer path for generating the serial signal or a path for removing excess charges which are generated in the photosensors.
3876714
A Time-Based Recommender System Using Implicit Feedback
Recommender systems provide personalized recommendations on products or services to customers. Collaborative filtering is a widely used method of providing recommendations based on explicit ratings on items from other users. However, in some ecommerce environments such as a mobile environment, it is difficult to collect explicit feedback data; only implicit feedback is available. In this paper, we present a method of building an effective collaborative filtering-based recommender system for an e-commerce environment without explicit feedback data. Our method constructs pseudo rating data from the implicit feedback data. When building the pseudo rating matrix, we incorporate temporal information such as the user’s purchase time and the item’s launch time in order to increase recommendation accuracy. Based on this method, we built a recommender system for a mobile e-commerce environment and conducted several experiments. Empirical results show our collaborative filtering-based recommender system to be significantly more accurate than a pure collaborative filtering system. Our approach can be applied to building collaborative filtering-based recommender systems for any ecommerce environment without explicit feedback.
31650942
An empirical study on effectiveness of temporal information as implicit ratings
Collaborative filtering is a widely used and proven method of building recommender systems, which provide personalized recommendations on products or services based on explicit ratings from users. Recommendation accuracy becomes an especially important factor in some e-commerce environments (such as a mobile environment, due to limited connection time and device size). As user preferences change over time, temporal information can improve recommendation accuracy. This paper presents a variety of temporal information including item launch time, user buying time, the time difference between the two, as well as several combinations of these three. We conducted an empirical study on how temporal information affects the accuracy of a collaborative filtering system for recommending character images (wallpapers) in a mobile e-commerce environment. Empirical results show the degree of effectiveness of a variety of temporal information. The empirical results give insight on how to incorporate temporal information to maximize the effectiveness of collaborative filtering in various e-commerce environments.
38854847
A time-based approach to effective recommender systems using implicit feedback
Recommender systems provide personalized recommendations on products or services to customers. Collaborative filtering is a widely used method of providing recommendations using explicit ratings on items from users. In some e-commerce environments, however, it is difficult to collect explicit feedback data; only implicit feedback is available. In this paper, we present a method of building an effective collaborative filtering-based recommender system for an e-commerce environment without explicit feedback data. Our method constructs pseudo rating data from the implicit feedback data. When building the pseudo rating matrix, we incorporate temporal information such as the user's purchase time and the item's launch time in order to increase recommendation accuracy. Based on this method, we built both user-based and item-based collaborative filtering-based recommender systems for character images (wallpaper) in a mobile e-commerce environment and conducted a variety of experiments. Empirical results show our time-incorporated recommender system is significantly more accurate than a pure collaborative filtering system.
97650917
Electrical properties of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 films prepared on ITO glass
Pb(Zr,Ti)O"3 thin films were successfully prepared on a Pt bottom electrode with indium tin oxide coated glass substrates using RF magnetron sputtering. Use of the indium tin oxide coated glass substrate reduced the fatigue characteristics and provided for excellent crystallization of the Pb(Zr,Ti)O"3 thin films. The polarization versus fatigue characteristics showed 10% degradation after 10^9 cycles. These results indicate that Pt/indium tin oxide double electrodes can be improved both in terms of fatigue and ferroelectric properties through the use of Pb(Zr,Ti)O"3 thin films on glass substrates, resulting in better performance than metal electrodes.
61509689
Blackboard scheduler control knowledge for heuristic classification: Representation and inference