119118548
Turbulent meson condensation in quark deconfinement
Abstract In a QCD-like strongly coupled gauge theory at large N c , using the AdS/CFT correspondence, we find that heavy quark deconfinement is accompanied by a coherent condensation of higher meson resonances. This is revealed in non-equilibrium deconfinement transitions triggered by static, as well as quenched electric fields even below the Schwinger limit. There, we observe a “turbulent” energy flow to higher meson modes, which finally results in the quark deconfinement. Our observation is consistent with seeing deconfinement as a condensation of long QCD strings.
54072178
Electric field quench in AdS/CFT
A bstractAn electric field quench, a suddenly applied electric field, can induce nontrivial dynamics in confining systems which may lead to thermalization as well as a deconfinement transition. In order to analyze this nonequilibrium transitions, we use the AdS/CFT correspondence for N=2$$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ supersymmetric QCD that has a confining meson sector. We find that the electric field quench causes the deconfinement transition even when the magnitude of the applied electric field is smaller than the critical value for the static case (which is the QCD Schwinger limit for quark-antiquark pair creation). The time dependence is crucial for this phenomenon, and the gravity dual explains it as an oscillation of a D-brane in the bulk AdS spacetime. Interestingly, the deconfinement time takes only discrete values as a function of the magnitude of the electric field. We advocate that the new deconfinement phenomenon is analogous to the exciton Mott transition.
120164788
Nonlinear doublon production in a Mott insulator: Landau-Dykhne method applied to an integrable model
Doublon-hole pair production which takes place during dielectric breakdown in a Mott insulator subject to a strong laser or a static electric field is studied in the one-dimensional Hubbard model. Two nonlinear effects cause the excitation, i.e., multi-photon absorption and quantum tunneling. Keldysh crossover between the two mechanisms occurs as the field strength and photon energy is changed. The calculation is done analytically by the Landau-Dykhne method in combination with the Bethe ansatz solution and the results are compared with those of the time dependent density matrix renormalization group. Using this method, we calculate distribution function of the generated doublon-hole pairs and show that it drastically changes as we cross the Keldysh crossover line. After calculating the tunneling threshold for several representative one-dimensional Mott insulators, possible experimental tests of the theory is proposed such as angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy of the upper Hubbard band in the quantum tunneling regime. We also discuss the relation of the present theory with a many-body extension of electron-positron pair production in nonlinear quantum electrodynamics known as the Schwinger mechanism.
118336021
Confinement Phase in Carbon-Nanotubes and the Extended Massive Schwinger Model
Carbon nanotube with electric fluxes confined in one dimension is studied. We show that a Coulomb interaction \propto |x| leads to a confinement phase with many properties similar to QCD in 4D. Low-energy physics is described by the massive Schwinger model with multi-species fermions labeled by the band and valley indices. We propose two means to detect this state. One is through an optical measurement of the exciton spectrum, which has been calculated via the 't Hooft-Berknoff equation with the light-front field theory. We show that the Gell-Mann-Oakes-Renner relation is satisfied by a dark exciton. The second is the nonlinear transport which is related to Coleman's "half-asymptotic" state.
116986876
Strong field physics in condensed matter
There are deep similarities between non-linear QFT studied in high-energy and non-equilibrium physics in condensed matter. Ideas such as the Schwinger mechanism and the Volkov state are deeply related to non-linear transport and photovoltaic Hall effect in condensed matter. Here, we give a review on these relations.
53953635
Rapid Thermalization by Baryon Injection in Gauge/Gravity Duality
Using the AdS/CFT correspondence for strongly coupled gauge theories, we calculate thermalization of mesons caused by a time-dependent change of a baryon number chemical potential. On the gravity side, the thermalization corresponds to a horizon formation on the probe flavor brane in the AdS throat. Since heavy ion collisions are locally approximated by a sudden change of the baryon number chemical potential, we discuss implication of our results to RHIC and LHC experiments, to find a rough estimate of rather rapid thermalization time-scale t_{th} < 1 [fm/c]. We also discuss universality of our analysis against varying gauge theories.
12286403
HOT AND DIFFUSE CLOUDS NEAR THE GALACTIC CENTER PROBED BY METASTABLE H~3^+
Using an absorption line from the metastable (J ; K) ¼ (3; 3) level of H þ together with other lines of H þ and CO observed along several sight lines, we have discovered a vast amount of high-temperature (T � 250 K) and lowdensity (n � 100 cm � 3 ) gas with a large velocity dispersion in the central molecular zone (CMZ) of the Galaxy, i.e., within 200 pc of the center. Approximately three-fourths of the H þ along the line of sight to the brightest source we observed, the Quintuplet object GCS 3-2, is inferred to be in the CMZ, with the remaining H þ located in intervening spiral arms. About half of the H þ in the CMZ has velocities near �� 100 km s � 1 , indicating that it is associated with the 180 pc radius expanding molecular ring, which approximately forms the outer boundary of the CMZ. The other half,withvelocitiesof �� 50and � 0kms � 1 ,isprobablyclosertothecenter.COisnotveryabundantintheseclouds. Hot and diffuse gas in which the (3, 3) level is populated was not detected toward several dense clouds and diffuse clouds intheGalacticdiskwhere largecolumndensities ofcolder H þ have beenreportedpreviously.Thus,thenewly discovered environment appears to be unique to the CMZ. The large observed H þ column densities in the CMZ suggestanionizationratemuchhigher thaninthediffuseinterstellarmediumintheGalacticdisk.Ourfindingthatthe H þ in the CMZ is almost entirely in diffuse clouds indicates that the reported volume filling factor (f � 0:1) for n � 10 4 cm � 3 clouds in the CMZ is an overestimate by at least an order of magnitude. Subject headings: astrochemistry — Galaxy: center — ISM: clouds — ISM: molecules — molecular processes — radiation mechanisms: nonthermal
121351952
The infrared spectrum of H-3 + in laboratory and space plasmas
Protonated hydrogen, H 3 + , composed of three protons and two electrons, is the simplest stable polyatomic system. It is the most abundant ionic species in molecular hydrogen plasmas, and it is assumed to play a central role in the chemical evolution of molecular clouds, the birthplace of stars. The existence of this species has been known since its discovery by J.J. Thomson in 1912, but its first spectrum was observed only in 1980. The infrared spectrum has since been extended to higher vibrational and rotational states