10623913
= 4 Superconformal Chern-Simons theories with hyper and twisted hyper multiplets
We extend the = 4 superconformal Chern-Simons theories of Gaiotto and Witten to those with additional twisted hyper-multiplets. The new theories are generically linear quiver gauge theories with the two types of hyper-multiplets alternating between gauge groups. Our construction includes the Bagger-Lambert model of SO(4) gauge group. A family of abelian theories are identified with those proposed earlier in the context of the M-crystal model for M2-branes probing (2/n)2 orbifolds. Possible extension with non-abelian BF couplings and string/M-theory realization are briefly discussed.
18972257
The Geometry of Dyonic Instantons in 5-dimensional Supergravity
We systematically construct and study smooth supersymmetric solutions in 5 dimensional N=1 Yang-Mills-Einstein supergravity. Our solution is based on the ADHM construction of (dyonic) multi-instantons in Yang-Mills theory, which extends to the gravity-coupled system. In a simple supergravity model obtained from N=2 theory, our solutions are regular ring-like configurations, which can also be interpreted as supertubes. By studying the SU(2) 2-instanton example in detail, we find that angular momentum is maximized, with fixed electric charge, for circular rings. This feature is qualitatively same as that of supertubes. Related to the existence of this upper bound of angular momentum, we also check the absence of closed timelike curves for the circular rings. Finally, in supergravity and gauge theory models with non-Abelian Chern-Simons terms, we point out that the solution in the symmetric phase carries electric charge which does not contribute to the energy. A possible explanation from the dynamics on the instanton moduli space is briefly discussed.
17654907
= 5, 6 superconformal Chern-Simons theories and M2-branes on orbifolds
We explore further our recent generalization of the = 4 superconformal Chern-Simons theories of Gaiotto and Witten. We find and construct explicitly theories of enhanced = 5 or 6 supersymmetry, especially = 5, Sp(2M) ? O(N) and = 6, Sp(2M) ? O(2) theories. The U(M) ? U(N) theory coincides with the = 6 theory of Aharony, Bergman, Jafferis and Maldacena (ABJM). We argue that the = 5 theory with Sp(2N) ? O(2N) gauge group can be understood as an orientifolding of the ABJM model with U(2N) ? U(2N) gauge group. We briefly discuss the Type IIB brane construction of the = 5 theory and the geometry of the M-theory orbifold.
118615477
AGT on the S-duality wall
Three-dimensional gauge theory T [G] arises on a domain wall between four-dimensional $ \mathcal{N} = 4 $ SYM theories with the gauge groups G and its S-dual GL. We argue that the $ \mathcal{N} = {2^*} $ mass deformation of the bulk theory induces a mass-deformation of the theory T[G] on the wall. The partition functions of the theory T[SU(2)] and its mass-deformation on the three-sphere are shown to coincide with the transformation coefficient of Liouville one-point conformal block on torus under the S-duality.
118415614
On instantons as Kaluza-Klein modes of M5-branes
A bstractInstantons and W-bosons in 5d maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory arise from a circle compactification of the 6d (2,0) theory as Kaluza-Klein modes and winding self-dual strings, respectively. We study an index which counts BPS instantons with electric charges in Coulomb and symmetric phases. We first prove the existence of unique threshold bound state of (noncommutative) U(1) instantons for any instanton number, and also show that charged instantons in the Coulomb phase correctly give the degeneracy of SU(2) self-dual strings. By studying SU(N) self-dual strings in the Coulomb phase, we find novel momentum-carrying degrees on the worldsheet. The total number of these degrees equals the anomaly coefficient of SU(N) (2,0) theory. We finally show that our index can be used to study the symmetric phase of this theory, and provide an interpretation as the superconformal index of the sigma model on instanton moduli space.
119190806
1/2-BPS Wilson loops and vortices in ABJM model
We explore the low-energy dynamics of 1/2-BPS heavy particles coupled to the ABJM model via the Higgsing of M2-branes, with focus on physical understanding of the recently discovered 1/2-BPS Wilson loop operators. The low-energy theory of 1/2-BPS heavy particles turns out to have the U(N|N) supergauge symmetry, which explains the novel structure of the 1/2-BPS Wilson loop operator as a holonomy of a U(N|N) superconnection. We show that the supersymmetric transformation of the Wilson loop operator can be identified as a fermionic supergauge transformation, which leads to their invariance under half of the supersymmetry. We also argue that 1/2-BPS Wilson loop operators appear as 1/2-BPS vortices with vorticity 1/k. Such a vortex can be naturally interpreted as a membrane wrapping the $$ {\mathbb{Z}_t} $$ cycle once, or type IIA fundamental string.
15166148
Spherical collapse model with and without curvature
Abstract We investigate a spherical collapse model with and without the spatial curvature. We obtain the exact solutions of dynamical quantities such as the ratio of the scale factor to its value at the turnaround epoch and the ratio of the overdensity radius to its value at the turnaround time with general cosmological parameters. The exact solutions of the overdensity at the turnaround epoch for the different models are also obtained. Thus, we are able to obtain the nonlinear overdensity at any epoch for the given model. We obtain that the nonlinear overdensity of the Einstein de Sitter (EdS) universe at the virial epoch is 18 π 2 ( 1 2 π + 3 4 ) 2 ≃ 147 instead of the well-known value 18 π 2 ≃ 178 . In the open universe, perturbations are virialized earlier than in the flat one and thus clusters are denser at the virial epoch. Also the critical density threshold of EdS universe from the linear theory at the virialized epoch is obtained as 3 20 ( 9 π + 6 ) 2 3 ≃ 1.58 instead of 3 20 ( 12 π ) 2 3 ≃ 1.69 . This value is same for the close and the open universes. We find that the observed quantities at high redshifts are less sensitive between different models. Even though the low redshift cluster shows the stronger model dependence than high redshift one, the differences between models might be still too small to be distinguished by observations if the curvature is small. From these analytic forms of dynamical quantities, we are able to estimate the abundances of both virialized and non-virialized clusters and the temperature and luminosity functions at any epoch. The current concordance model prefers the almost flat universe and thus the above results might be restricted by the academic interests only. However, the mathematical structure of the evolution equations of physical quantities for the curved space is identical with that for the flat universe including the dark energy with the equation of state ω de = − 1 3 . Thus, we might be able to extend these analytic solutions to the general dark energy model and they will provide the useful tools for probing the properties of dark energy.
12450781
Topological Chern-Simons sigma model
We consider topological twisting of recently constructed Chern-Simons-matter theories in three dimensions with = 4 or higher supersymmetry. We enumerate physically inequivalent twistings for each , and find two different twistings for = 4, one for = 5,6, and four for = 8. We construct the two types of = 4 topological theories, which we call A/B-models, in full detail. The A-model has been recently studied by Kapustin and Saulina. The B-model is new and it consists solely of a Chern-Simons term of a complex gauge field up to BRST-exact terms. We also compare the new theories with topological Yang-Mills theories and find some interesting connections. In particular, the A-model seems to offer a new perspective on Casson invariant and its relation to Rozansky-Witten theory.
55331667
The evolution of tensor polarization
Using the equation of motion for the vector polarization, the spin transfer matrix for spin tensor polarization is derived. We study the evolution equation for the tensor polarization in the presence of an isolated spin resonance and in the presence of a spin rotator, or snake.<<ETX>>
102658082
Chiral Non-Fermi Liquids
A non-Fermi liquid state without time-reversal and parity symmetries arises when a chiral Fermi surface is coupled with a soft collective mode in two space dimensions. The full Fermi surface is described by a direct sum of chiral patch theories, which are decoupled from each other in the low energy limit. Each patch includes low energy excitations near a set of points on the Fermi surface with a common tangent vector. General patch theories are classified by the local shape of the Fermi surface, the dispersion of the critical boson, and the symmetry group, which form the data for distinct universality classes. We prove that a large class of chiral non-Fermi liquid states exist as stable critical states of matter. For this, we use a renormalization group scheme where low energy excitations of the Fermi surface are interpreted as a collection of (1+1)-dimensional chiral fermions with a continuous flavor labelling the momentum along the Fermi surface. Due to chirality, the Wilsonian effective action is strictly UV finite. This allows one to extract the exact scaling exponents although the theories flow to strongly interacting field theories at low energies. In general, the low energy effective theory of the full Fermi surface includes patch theories of more than one universality classes. As a result, physical responses include multiple universal components at low temperatures. We also point out that, in quantum field theories with extended Fermi surface, a non-commutative structure naturally emerges between a coordinate and a momentum which are orthogonal to each other. We show that the invalidity of patch description for Fermi liquid states is tied with the presence of UV/IR mixing associated with the emergent non-commutativity. On the other hand, UV/IR mixing is suppressed in non-Fermi liquid states due to UV insensitivity, and the patch description is valid.
119254533
Holographic Matter: Deconfined String at Criticality
We derive a holographic dual for a gauged matrix model in general dimensions from a first-principle construction. The dual theory is shown to be a field theory of closed loops which includes a compact two-form gauge field coupled with closed loops in one higher-dimensional space. Small fluctuations of the loop fields around a saddle point are identified as propagating strings. Possible phases of the matrix model are discussed in the holographic description. Besides the confinement phase and the IR free deconfinement phase, there can be two different classes of critical states. The first class describes holographic critical states where strings are deconfined in the bulk. The second class describes non-holographic critical states where strings are confined due to proliferation of topological defects for the two-form gauge field. This implies that the critical states of the matrix model which admit holographic descriptions with deconfined string in the bulk form novel universality classes with non-trivial quantum orders which make the holographic critical states qualitatively distinct from the non-holographic critical states. The signatures of the non-trivial quantum orders in the holographic states are discussed. Finally, we discuss a possibility that open strings emerge as fractionalized excitations of closed strings along with an emergent one-form gauge field in the bulk.