119636595
Evidence of self-similar target fragmentation process in 16O–AgBr interactions at 3.7 A GeV
Abstract Self-affine multiplicity scaling is investigated in the framework of two-dimensional factorial moment methodology using the concept of Hurst exponent ( H ) . Investigation of the experimental data of target fragments emitted in 16 O–AgBr interactions at 3.7 A GeV revealed that best power law behavior is exhibited at H = 1 indicating self-similar multiplicity fluctuations.
122076971
ANGULAR DISTRIBUTIONS OF TARGET BLACK FRAGMENTS IN NUCLEUS NUCLEUS COLLISIONS AT HIGH ENERGY
The experimental results of space, azimuthal, and projected angular distributions of target black fragments produced in silicon-emulsion collisions at 4.5A GeV/c (the Dubna energy) are reported. A multi-source ideal gas model is suggested to describe the experimental angular distributions. The Monte Carlo calculated results are in agreement with the experimental data.
118607664
Singly and Doubly Charged Projectile Fragments in Nucleus-Emulsion Collisions at Dubna Energy in the Framework of the Multi-Source Model *
The multiplicity distributions of projectile fragments emitted in interactions of different nuclei with emulsion are studied by using a multi-source model. Our calculated results show that the projectile fragments can be described by the model and each source contributes an exponential distribution. As the weighted sum of the folding result of many exponential distributions, a multi-component Erlang distribution is used to describe the experimental data. The relationship between the height (or width) of the distribution and the mass of the incident projectile, as well as the dependence of projectile fragments on target groups, are investigated too.
115903813
Angular Distributions of Target Fragments in Magnesium-Emulsion Collisions at High Energy
122540755
Particle production in Au–Au collisions at RHIC energies
Abstract An overlapping cylinder model (OCM) is introduced in this Letter which considers three components: the longitudinal flow, transverse flow and the temperature. A comparison of our model calculations in terms of pseudorapidity distributions with the most recent experiments is presented. To describe the experimental data at Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) energies ( s NN =130 and 200 GeV), a relative strong longitudinal flow and two partly overlapping cylinders are needed in the model. The difference between the different centrality events is described by the contribution of leading protons. The other parameter values do not depend on the centrality. The calculated results of the overlapping cylinder model are in agreement with the experimental data at the RHIC energies.
120712528
Alpha emission in krypton–emulsion collisions at 1.7A GeV
Abstract The multiplicity and transverse momentum distributions of alpha projectile fragments emitted in nucleus–nucleus collisions at high energies are investigated. The results calculated by the two-source model are in agreement with the experimental data of krypton–emulsion collisions at 1.7 A  GeV.
118977552
Preliminary design of the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)
The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), a NASA MIDEX mission, will survey the entire sky in four bands from 3.3 to 23 microns with a sensitivity 1000 times greater than the IRAS survey. The WISE survey will extend the Two Micron All Sky Survey into the thermal infrared and will provide an important catalog for the James Webb Space Telescope. Using 10242 HgCdTe and Si:As arrays at 3.3, 4.7, 12 and 23 microns, WISE will find the most luminous galaxies in the universe, the closest stars to the Sun, and it will detect most of the main belt asteroids larger than 3 km. The single WISE instrument consists of a 40 cm diamond-turned aluminum afocal telescope, a two-stage solid hydrogen cryostat, a scan mirror mechanism, and reimaging optics giving 5" resolution (full-width-half-maximum). The use of dichroics and beamsplitters allows four color images of a 47'x47' field of view to be taken every 8.8 seconds, synchronized with the orbital motion to provide total sky coverage with overlap between revolutions. WISE will be placed into a Sun-synchronous polar orbit on a Delta 7320-10 launch vehicle. The WISE survey approach is simple and efficient. The three-axis-stabilized spacecraft rotates at a constant rate while the scan mirror freezes the telescope line of sight during each exposure. WISE is currently in its Preliminary Design Phase, with the mission Preliminary Design Review scheduled for July, 2005. WISE is scheduled to launch in mid 2009; the project web site can be found at www.wise.ssl.berkeley.edu.
59499966
On Descriptions of Particle Transverse Momentum Spectra in High Energy Collisions
The transverse momentum spectra obtained in the frame of an isotropic emission source are compared in terms of Tsallis, Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac, and Bose-Einstein distributions and the Tsallis forms of the latter three standard distributions. It 
is obtained that, at a given set of parameters, the standard distributions show a narrower shape than their Tsallis forms which result in wide and/or multicomponent spectra with the Tsallis distribution in between. A comparison among the temperatures obtained from the distributions is made with a possible relation to the Boltzmann temperature. An example of the angular distributions of projectile fragments in nuclear collisions is given.
121546377
Dependences of charged particle pseudorapidity distributions on impact parameter and center-of-mass energy in nucleus–nucleus collisions at relativistic energies
The centrality and rapidity dependence of charged particles over a wide range of center-of-mass energy are analyzed. In this framework of participant-spectator model, the interacting system of nucleus–nucleus collisions at relativistic energies is divided into four parts (sources): target spectator, target participant, projectile participant and projectile spectator. Each source is treated by using a revised Landau model. The pseudorapidity distributions calculated by four-component Landau model are found to be in agreement with experimental data of the PHOBOS and ALICE collaborations. The distribution height is mainly determined by effective nucleon number and center-of-mass energy; and the distribution width being measured by the revised width in the Landau model and the sources rapidity shifts. Furthermore, we have found two empirical relations for projectile-participant and projectile-spectator (pseudo)rapidity as functions of the center-of-mass energy.
119257866
Higher moments of net baryon distribution as probes of the QCD critical point
It is crucially important to find an acceptance and late collision process independent observable in searching for the possible critical point predicted by QCD. By utilizing a multiphase transport (AMPT) model and ultrarelativistic quantum molecular dynamics (UrQMD) model, we study the centrality and evolution time dependence of higher moments of net baryon distribution in Au+Au collisions at sq root(s{sub NN})=17.3 GeV. The results suggest that kurtosis and skewness are less sensitive to the acceptance effect and late collision process. Thus, they should be good observables providing the information on the early stage of a heavy-ion collision. In addition, our study shows that the product of kurtosis times sigma{sup 2} of the net proton distribution is quite different from that of the net baryon distribution when the collision energy is lower than sq root(s{sub NN})=20 GeV, the Monte Carlo calculations on kurtosiscentre dotsigma{sup 2} have a deviation from the theoretical predictions.
54981985
On Two-Ridge Structure in Two-Particle Azimuthal Correlations in Proton-Lead Collisions at Large Hadron Collider Energy
Two-particle azimuthal correlations are studied in the framework of a multisource thermal model. Each source is assumed to produce many particles. Each particle pair measured in final state is considered to be produced at two emission points (subsources) in a single or two sources. The first emission point corresponds to the production of “trigger” particle and the second one corresponds to that of “associated” particle. There are oscillations and other interactions between the two emission points. In the rest frame of the “associated” particle’s emission point, the oscillations and other interactions cause the momentum of the “trigger” particle to depart from the original value. The modelling results are in agreement with the experimental data of proton-lead (