119065587
Exploring Fundamental Particles
GENESIS OF THE STANDARD MODEL The Foundation of Modern Physics: The Legacy of Newton Simple Quantitative Laws Fundamental Interactions Fields Cosmological Principles Was Newton Wrong? The Relation of New Theories to Old The Role of Probability Waves That Are Particles Particles That Are Waves Particles versus Waves What Is Light? Light Is a Wave The Birth of Special Relativity What Is Light? Light Is a Particle De Broglie and Schrodinger: The Electron as a Wave Particles That Spin Angular Momentum and Spin Helicity The Dirac Electron Polarization and the Photon Spin Understanding Quantum Electrodynamics: Feynman to the Rescue Quantum Field Theory and Feynman Diagrams Gregarious Particles and Lonesome Particles: Spin and Statistics The Birth of Particle Physics: Pauli's Neutrino, Fermi's Weak Interaction, and Yukawa's Pion Electron, Proton, and Neutron Beta Decay and Pauli's Neutrino Fermi's Weak Interaction Nuclear Forces and Yukawa's Pion The Muon: Who Ordered That? The Muon Neutrino: A New Kind of Nothing Strange Particles Learning to Live with Gell-Mann's Quarks Origin of the Quark Theory A Weekend in November: The Discovery of Charm Another Version of the Rutherford Scattering Experiment Quantum Chromodynamics Jets Beautiful Symmetries Found and Lost Discrete and Continuous Symmetries Mirror Symmetry: P for Parity Madame Wu's Amazing Discovery C for Charge Conjugation CP Symmetry T for Time Reversal Emergence of the Standard Model Weinberg: A Model of Leptons The Experimental Triumph of the Standard Model Flavor Physics Standard Model with Two Families Standard Model with Three Families The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix Yukawa Couplings, Masses, and Mixing Our Current View of Nature's Building Blocks: (What We Have Learned So Far) The Four Interactions of Nature The Fundamental Building Blocks of Matter Interactions Are Mediated by Particles The Standard Model and Large Laboratories CP VIOLATION: THE ASYMMETRY BETWEEN MATTER AND ANTIMATTER CP Violation in Kaon Decays The Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa Matrix: CP Violation in the Standard Model CP Violation with B Mesons CP Violation at the B Factories CP Violation in the Bs System Checking the Standard Model: The Rho-Eta Plane CP Violation: Where Do We Go from Here? Further Constraints on the Rho-Eta Plane Quantities That Are Small in the Standard Model THE AMAZING STORY OF THE NEUTRINO The Mystery of the Missing Neutrinos: Neutrino Oscillations Neutrinos from the Sun Neutrino Astronomy: A New Way to Study the Universe Neutrinos from Stars Neutrinos from the Early Universe: Neutrinos as Dark Matter Neutrino Mass and Physics beyond the Standard Model CP Violation in Neutrino Mixing? Experimental Search Leptogenesis THE HUNT FOR THE MYSTERIOUS HIGGS Why We Believe in the Higgs The Standard Model Needs the Higgs Mechanism Theoretical Calculations Need the Higgs Particle What We Know from Experiment So Far Indirect Experimental Evidence for the Higgs Boson: The Importance of Virtual Effects Detecting the Higgs Boson Directly Direct Higgs Searches at LEP Direct Higgs Searches at the Tevatron What We Hope to Learn from the LHC What Is the LHC? Higgs Searches at LHC Disaster? If the LHC Cannot Find the Higgs Boson If the LHC Discovers the Higgs Boson, Is That the End of the Story? Possibilities for the Future Multi-Higgs Models The Need for Further Tests and the Importance of ILC Conclusion Appendix 1: Important Twenty-First Century Experiments Appendix 2: Renormalization, Running Coupling Constants, and Grand Unified Theories Appendix 3: Complex Numbers, Complex Fields, and Gauge Invariance Appendix 4: Unitary Matrices Appendix 5: Energy and Momentum in Special Relativity and the Uncertainty Principle
119183302
CP properties of symmetry-constrained two-Higgs-doublet models
The two-Higgs-doublet model can be constrained by imposing Higgs-family symmetries and/or generalized CP symmetries. It is known that there are only six independent classes of such symmetry-constrained models. We study the CP properties of all cases in the bilinear formalism. An exact symmetry implies CP conservation. We show that soft breaking of the symmetry can lead to spontaneous CP violation (CPV) in three of the classes.
14931156
ProbingCPviolation with time integrated decay rates into non-CPeigenstates
Many of the experiments proposed to look for interference CP violation in neutral B mesons concentrate on tagged decay into CP eigenstates. Aleksan, Dunietz, Kayser and Le Diberder have shown that one can also look for interference CP violation using tagged decays into non-CP eigenstates. In all these methods, one must trace the time dependence of the decays. In this article we discuss a new method to search for interference CP violation by using only time integrated rates into non-CP eigenstates. The method hinges on the comparison between the decays of $\Upsilon(4S)$ into $f f$, $\bar{f} \bar{f}$, and $f \bar{f}$, and also uses the rates for $l^+ f$ and $l^- f$. This method does not depend on how the $\Upsilon(4S)$ is produced; provided enough statistics, one can use both symmetric and asymmetric colliders.
119445110
The Use of early data on $B \to \rho \pi$ decays
This paper reviews the Dalitz plot analysis for the decays $B^0(\bar B^0) \to \rho \pi \to \pi^+ \pi^- \pi^0$. We discuss what can be learned about the ten parameters in this analysis from untagged and from tagged time-integrated data. We find that, with the important exception of the interesting CP violating quantity $\alpha$, the parameters can be determined from this data sample -- and, hence, they can be measured at CLEO as well as at the asymmetric $B$ factories. This suggests that the extraction of $\alpha$ from the time-dependent data sample can be accomplished with a smaller data sample (and, therefore, sooner) than would be required if all ten parameters were to be obtained from that time-dependent data sample alone. We also explore bounds on the shift of the true angle $\alpha$ from the angle measured from charged $\rho$ final states alone. These may be obtained prior to measurements of the parameters describing the neutral $\rho$ channel, which are expected to be small.
118851665
Implications of the Possibility that sin(2 beta) is Small
Recently, the Babar and Belle collaborations have reported their first measurements of the CP-violating asymmetry in B{sub d} {yields} {psi}K{sub S}, and more precise results will follow soon. We discuss what a future evidence for small sin2{beta} could mean, contrasting the usual possibility of new physics in the B{sub d} system, with the interesting alternative that the new physics effects are confined to the kaon system.
10678678
Decoupling or nondecoupling: Is that the R($b$) question?
The top quark is well known for the nondecoupling effects it implies in ρ and Rb. The recent experimental Rb data exhibits a disagreement with the SM prediction at more than the 3σ level. It is tempting to explore whether this might be due to nondecoupling New Physics effects, opposite to those of the top. We investigate this issue in the context of models with an extra family of right or left handed, singlet or doublet quarks. It is shown that, contrary to what
118401678
Searching for Elko dark matter spinors at the CERN LHC
The aim of this paper is to explore the possibility of discovering a fermionic field with mass dimension one, the Elko field, in the Large Hadron Collider. Due to its mass dimension, an Elko can only interact either with Standard Model spinors and gauge fields at one-loop order or at tree level through a quartic interaction with the Higgs field. In this Higgs portal scenario, the Elko is a viable candidate to a dark matter constituent which has been shown to be compatible with relic abundance measurements from WMAP and direct dark matter searches. We propose a search strategy for this dark matter candidate in the channel at the LHC. We show the LHC potential to discover the Elko considering a triple Higgs–Elkos coupling as small as ~0.5 after 1 ab-1 of integrated luminosity. Some phenomenological consequences of this new particle and its collider signatures are also discussed.
118619942
The right-handed sneutrino as thermal dark matter in U(1) extensions of the MSSM
We investigate the parameter space of a supersymmetric model with an extended U(1) gauge symmetry in which the RH sneutrino is a thermal dark matter candidate. In this scenario, annihilation of RH sneutrinos proceeds mainly through Higgs or Z' exchange. We find that sneutrinos in the mass range from 50 GeV to more than 1 TeV can be consistent with both the WMAP limit and the direct detection upper limits. Powerful constraints from new gauge boson searches at the LHC as well as from ΔMs are incorporated. Depending on the choice of the U(1) charge, these scenarios will be further probe by direct dark matter searches as well as by Higgs searches at the LHC.
56078295
Towards a hybrid compactification with a scalar–tensor global cosmic string
We derive a solution of the gravitational equations which leads to a braneworld scenario in six dimensions, using a global cosmic string solution in a low energy effective string theory framework. The final spacetime is composed by one warped brane with topology and a power law warp factor, and one non-compact extra dimension transverse to the brane; by looking at the current experimental bounds, we find a range of parameters in which, if the on-brane dimension has an acceptable size, it does not solve the hierarchy problem. In another example, this problem is smoothed by means of the Brans–Dicke parameter.
119180568
Effective gravitational equations for $f(R)$ braneworld models
Instituto de Fisica Universidade Federal Fluminense, Avenue Gal. Milton Tavares de Souza, s/n, CEP 24210-346 Niteroi-Rio de Janeiro
118042034
On the Consistence Conditions to Braneworlds Sum Rules in Scalar-Tensor Gravity for Arbitrary Dimensions
We derive an one-parameter family of consistence conditions to braneworlds in the Brans-Dicke gravity. The sum rules are constructed in a completely general frame and they reproduce the conditions already obtained in General Relativity theory just by using a right limit of the Brans-Dicke parameter.