118839273
Cosmological perturbations in f(T) gravity
We investigate the cosmological perturbations in f(T) gravity. Examining the pure gravitational perturbations in the scalar sector using a diagonal vierbein, we extract the corresponding dispersion relation, which provides a constraint on the f(T) Ansaetze that lead to a theory free of instabilities. Additionally, upon inclusion of the matter perturbations, we derive the fully perturbed equations of motion, and we study the growth of matter overdensities. We show that f(T) gravity with f(T) constant coincides with General Relativity, both at the background as well as at the first-order perturbation level. Applying our formalism to the power-law model we find that on large subhorizon scales (O(100 Mpc) or larger), the evolution of matter overdensity will differ from {Lambda}CDM cosmology. Finally, examining the linear perturbations of the vector and tensor sectors, we find that (for the standard choice of vierbein) f(T) gravity is free of massive gravitons.
119228301
The big bang and inflation united by an analytic solution
Exact analytic solutions for a class of scalar-tensor gravity theories with a hyperbolic scalar potential are presented. Using an exact solution we have successfully constructed a model of inflation that produces the spectral index, the running of the spectral index, and the amplitude of scalar perturbations within the constraints given by the WMAP 7 years data. The model simultaneously describes the big bang and inflation connected by a specific time delay between them so that these two events are regarded as dependent on each other. In solving the Friedmann equations, we have utilized an essential Weyl symmetry of our theory in 3+1 dimensions which is a predicted remaining symmetry of 2T-physics field theory in 4+2 dimensions. This led to a new method of obtaining analytic solutions in the 1T field theory which could in principle be used to solve more complicated theories with more scalar fields. Some additional distinguishing properties of the solution includes the fact that there are early periods of time when the slow-roll approximation is not valid. Furthermore, the inflaton does not decrease monotonically with time; rather, it oscillates around the potential minimum while settling down, unlike the slow-roll approximation. While the model we used for illustrationmore » purposes is realistic in most respects, it lacks a mechanism for stopping inflation. The technique of obtaining analytic solutions opens a new window for studying inflation, and other applications, more precisely than using approximations.« less
118527348
Holographic superconductor/insulator transition with logarithmic electromagnetic field in Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Abstract The behaviors of the holographic superconductors/insulator transition are studied by introducing a charged scalar field coupled with a logarithmic electromagnetic field in both the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet AdS black hole and soliton. For the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet AdS black hole, we find that: i) the larger coupling parameter of logarithmic electrodynamic field b makes it easier for the scalar hair to be condensed; ii) the ratio of the gap frequency in conductivity ω g to the critical temperature T c depends on both b and the Gauss–Bonnet constant α; and iii) the critical exponents are independent of the b and α. For the Einstein–Gauss–Bonnet AdS soliton, we show that the system is the insulator phase when the chemical potential μ is small, but there is a phase transition and the AdS soliton reaches the superconductor (or superfluid) phase when μ is larger than critical chemical potential. A special property should be noted is that the critical chemical potential is not changed by the coupling parameter b but depends on α.
195378147
Effects of cosmological constant on motion of UHECR particles
Recent astronomical observations manifest that about two-thirds of the whole energy in the Universe is contributed by a small positive cosmological constant Λ (>0). Then, an asymptotically de Sitter spacetime is premised naturally. However, physics in the de Sitter spacetime is very different from that in the Minkowski spacetime. As the first step, a covariant formalism of the kinematics in the de Sitter spacetime is presented here. By solving exactly the equations of motion for a field, we obtain the dispersion relation of a free particle. It is noticed that the dispersion relation is dependent on the degree of freedom of angular momentum of the particle. We show the threshold anomaly of the ultra high energy cosmic ray disappears naturally in the framework of the de Sitter kinematics.
14464884
Detector time offset and off-line calibration in EAS experiments
In extensive air shower (EAS) experiments, the primary direction is reconstructed by the space–time pattern of secondary particles. Thus the equalization of the transit time of signals coming from different parts of the detector is crucial in order to get the best angular resolution and pointing accuracy allowed by the detector. In this paper an off-line calibration method is proposed and studied by means of proper simulations. It allows to calibrate the array repeatedly just using the collected data without disturbing the standard acquisition. The calibration method is based on the definition of a Characteristic Plane introduced to analyze the effects of the time systematic offsets, such as the quasi-sinusoidal modulation on azimuth angle distribution. This calibration procedure works also when a pre-modulation on the primary azimuthal distribution is present.
120255012
A more general Dark Energy model and the current observational constraints
119282988
Dynamics of an interacting dark energy model in Einstein and loop quantum cosmology
We investigate the background dynamics when dark energy is coupled to dark matter in the Universe described by Einstein cosmology and loop quantum cosmology. We introduce a new general form of dark sector coupling, which presents a more complicated dynamical phase space. Differences in the phase space in obtaining the accelerated scaling attractor in Einstein cosmology and loop quantum cosmology are disclosed.