55298151
INVESTIGATION OF THE CHARGE COLLECTION FOR STRONGLY IRRADIATED SILICON STRIP DETECTORS OF THE CMS ECAL PRESHOWER
INVESTIGATION OF THE CHARGE COLLECTION FOR STRONGLY IRRADIATED SILICON STRIP DETECTORS OF THE CMS ECAL PRESHOWER Ph.Bloch, A.Peisert, Y.H.Chang, A.E.Chen, S.Hou, W.T.Lin, A.E.Cheremukhin , I.A.Golutvin, A.R.Urkinbaev, N.I. Zamiatin, D. Loukas CERN, Geneva National Central University, Chungli, Taiwan Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna Institute of Nuclear Physics ®Demokritos , Attiki, Greece Strongly irradiated (2.3 · 10 n/cm) silicon strip detectors of different size, thickness and different design options were tested in a muon beam at CERN in 1999. A charge collection efˇciency in excess of 85% and a signal-to-noise ratio of about 6 are obtained in all cases at high enough bias voltage. Details of the charge collection in the interstrip and the guard ring region and cross-talk between strips were also studied. We ˇnd that the charge collection efˇciency and the cross-talk between strips depend on the interstrip distance.
110567078
ASIC developments for high speed serial data transmission in particle physics experiments
Abstract We report R&D results on two integrated circuit designs: a 5 Gbps 16:1 serializer and a 5 GHz LC phase-locked-loop (PLL). The prototypes were fabricated with a commercial thin-film silicon-on-sapphire 0.25 μm CMOS technology. Both the serializer and the PLL have been evaluated to meet design goals and tested against operation conditions in the environment of a particle physics detector front-end for the proposed HL-LHC upgrade.
119904892
Radiation hardness of optoelectronic components for the optical readout of the ATLAS inner detector
Abstract Optical links are used for data transmission of the ATLAS inner detector in a radiation hazard environment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The radiation tolerance is studied for the opto-electronics of GaAs VCSEL and epitaxial Si PIN with 30 and 70 MeV protons at CYRIC. High speed Si and GaAs PIN photo-diodes are also investigated for upgrade to super-LHC. The annealing of GaAs VCSEL by charge injection is characterized. The GaAs devices show approximately linear degradations to fluence. The dependence on proton energy is compared to the Non-Ionizing Energy Loss calculations.
18307118
Design and Verification of an FPGA-based Bit Error Rate Tester
Abstract Bit error rate (BER) is the principle measure of performance of a data transmission link. With the integration of high-speed transceivers inside a field programmable gate array (FPGA), the BER testing can now be handled by transceiver-enabled FPGA hardware. This provides a cheaper alternative to dedicated table-top equipment and offers the flexibility of test customization and data analysis. This paper presents a BER tester implementation based on the Altera Stratix II GX and IV GT development boards. The architecture of the tester is described. Lab test results and field test data analysis are discussed. The Stratix II GX tester operates at up to 5 Gbps and the Stratix IV GT tester operates at up to 10 Gbps, both in 4 duplex channels. The tester deploys a pseudo random bit sequence (PRBS) generator and detector, a transceiver controller, and an error logger. It also includes a computer interface for data acquisition and user configuration. The tester's functionality was validated and its performance characterized in a point-to-point serial optical link setup. BER vs. optical receiver sensitivity was measured to emulate stressed link conditions. The Stratix II GX tester was also used in a proton test on a custom designed serializer chip to record and analyse radiation-induced errors.
15637889
The Cryogenic Performances of Specific Optical and Electrical Components for a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber
Abstract In this paper we present a cryogenic performance study of specific optical and electrical components for the Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber (LArTPC), a potential far site detector technology of the long baseline neutrino experiment (LBNE). We have confirmed that an LVDS driver can drive a 20-meter CAT5E twisted pair up to 1 gigabit per second at liquid nitrogen temperature (77 K). We have verified that a 16:1 serializer Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), three types of laser diodes, optical fibers and connectors, and field-programming gate arrays (FPGAs) continue to function at 77 K. A variety of commercial resistors and capacitors have been tested at 77 K. All tests we have conducted show that the cold front-end electronics is promising.
62809210
Radiation hardness studies of VCSELs and PINs for the opto-links of the Atlas SemiConductor Tracker
We study the radiation hardness of the Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser diodes (VCSELs) and the epitaxial silicon PIN diodes that will be used for the Atlas SemiConductor Tracker at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The tests were conducted with 200MeV protons to a fluence of 4 10 p=cm and with 20MeV (average energy) neutrons to 7:7 10 n=cm. The radiation damage of the VCSELs and PINs and the annealing characteristics are presented. r 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 07.89+b; 42.60. v; 42.79. e; 42.88+h; 85.60 q
119162753
On the gauge features of gravity on a Lie algebroid structure
We present the geometric formulation of gravity based on the mathematical structure of a Lie Algebroid. We show that this framework provides the geometrical setting to describe the gauge propriety of gravity.