29081438
Systematics of the release of residual nuclei from relativistic nucleus-nucleus interactions.
We have examined relativistic nuclei of krypton, xenon, holmium, and gold, accelerated in a partially stripped state to a maximum rigidity of about 5.6 GeV, interacting with targets of aluminum, carbon, and polyethylene. For each projectile and target combination we determined the total and partial charge changing cross sections for the production of lighter fragments. From these measurements we have developed a new representation of the dependence of the total charge changing cross sections on beam and target charge. We have also identified simple representations of the variation of the partial cross sections with the charge of the produced fragments and shown that they are dependent on the charge and energy of the beam. The fission of gold nuclei at high energies in these various targets has also been studied.
117760493
The Elemental Abundance Ratios of Interstellar Secondary and Primary Cosmic Rays
The rigidity dependence of the ratios. of abundances of interstellar 
secondary and primary cosmic rays contains important 
information on their confinement and propagation in the Galaxy. 
Recent results suggest that high energy cosmic rays (> 20 GeV/nucleon) 
have propagated through much less interstellar matter than 
lower energy nuclei (< 1 GeV/nucleon). We report new observations 
of abundances in the charge range 2 ≤ Z ≤ 10, which were obtained 
with a dE/dx-Cerenkov detector launched into a polar orbit on OGO-6 
as part of the Caltech Solar and Galactic Cosmic Ray Experiment. 
Integral rigidity spectra of all the elements observed have shapes 
similar to that of the helium spectrum in the rigidity range ~ 2 
to ~ 14 GV, approaching a power law with exponent -1.6 above 8 GV. 
Calculations of interstellar propagation assuming a steady-state 
model and including the presence of interstellar helium and the 
effects of solar modulation predict a variation with rigidity of 
ratios such as Be/O and B/O, which is not observed. The data can 
be explained by assuming a rigidity-dependent confinement of 
cosmic rays within the Galaxy.
122267950
The UH-nuclei cosmic ray detector on the third high energy astronomy observatory
The third High Energy Astronomy Observatory satellite (HEAO-3) carries a particle telescope for the detection of highly charged cosmic ray nuclei. These nuclei, which have Z ≳ 28, are much rarer than the lower charged nuclei in the cosmic radiation. As a consequence, this particle telescope was required to have a large collecting area as well as an ability to resolve individual elements. This paper describes the telescope, composed of large area parallel plate ionization chambers, multiwire ion chamber hodoscopes and a Cherenkov radiation detector. The resulting telescope has a total geometry factor of 59,000 cm^2 sr and is capable of measuring the charges of nuclei in the range 14 ≲ Z ≲ 120.
32942434
Determination of the cross sections for the production of fragments from relativistic nucleus-nucleus interactions. I. Measurements.
Relativistic iron, lanthanum, holmium, and gold projectile nuclei with several different energies have been fragmented in targets of polyethylene, carbon, aluminum, copper, and lead. Our detectors cleanly resolve the individual charges of the heaviest of these fragments and provide some limited information on the masses. We have measured 1256 elemental partial cross sections for the production of fragments from interactions in these target materials. Values have been derived for another 417 cross sections in a hydrogen medium. These cross sections depend on the energy and mass of the projectile nuclei as well as on the nature of the target. Total charge-changing cross sections were also found, but only in a composite target, and have been shown to be weakly dependent on energy. The mean mass losses observed for fragments that have lost a few protons show that typically many neutrons are lost with each proton, producing fragment nuclei that must be highly proton rich, and consequently very unstable. The cross sections for charge pickup on heavy targets show a rapid increase with decreasing energy, particularly for the heaviest targets. The systematics of the dependencies of the partial cross sections will be discussed in a companion paper.
121487391
Cosmic-ray negatron and positron spectra between 12 and 220 Mev.
The interplanetary negatron and positron spectra from 12 to 220 MeV have been determined with a balloon-borne magnetic spectrometer. The observed charge ratio e^+(e^+ + e^−)≈0.3 indicates that the flux most likely consists of a mixture of "primary" negatrons and interstellar "secondary" negatrons and positrons. We deduce an absolute solar modulation of the interstellar positron flux which decreases with decreasing magnetic rigidity below about 80 MV.
8364889
Determination of the cross sections for the production of fragments from relativistic nucleus-nucleus interactions. II. Parametric fits.
35372756
Inclusive B-meson decays into charm.
We have measured the B-meson decay fractions into D/sup 0/, D/sup +/, and D/sup *//sup +/ mesons to be 0.39 +- 0.05 +- 0.04, 0.17 +- 0.04 +- 0.04, and 0.22 +- 0.04/sub -0.04//sup +0.07/, respectively, if we use the D/sup 0/..-->..K/sup -/..pi../sup +/ and D/sup +/..-->..K/sup -/..pi../sup +/..pi../sup +/ branching ratios determined by the Mark III Collaboration. These results suggest that B decay to noncharm final states is substantial. We also find that B decay to spin-1 D/sup */ mesons dominates over direct decay to spin-0 D mesons and that the ratio (D/sup 0/+D/sup *//sup 0/)/(D/sup +/+D/sup *//sup +/) is consistent with unity.
1139726
Acoustic energy and momentum in a moving medium
By exploiting the mathematical analogy between the propagation of sound in a nonhomogeneous potential flow and the propagation of a scalar field in curved space-time, various wave "energy" and wave "momentum" conservation laws are established in a systematic manner. In particular, the acoustic energy conservation law due to Blokhintsev appears as the result of the conservation of a mixed covariant and contravariant energy-momentum tensor, while the exchange of relative energy between the wave and mean flow, first noted by Longuet-Higgins and Stewart in the context of ocean waves, appears as the covariant conservation of the doubly contravariant form of the same energy-momentum tensor.
32440270
Exclusive decays and masses of the B mesons.
43801105
Possible resolution of the angular momentum paradox: Fractional charge, twist, and topology in 3He-A.
We attempt to resolve the angular momentum paradox in THe-A by connecting it to the phenomenon of charge fractionalization and by writing the current as a weighted Fermi-surface sum of fractional charges. We also give a novel interpretation of the twist term in terms of topology on the Fermi surface.
11439667
Schur functions, chiral bosons, and the quantum-Hall-effect edge states.
I demonstrate how the many-body wave function may be used to describe the bosonization of the edge excitations of a droplet of \ensuremath{\nu}=1 quantum-Hall liquid. In particular, I exhibit an isomorphism between the charge-neutral edge-state excitations of the droplet and the space of universal symmetric polynomials. There are two natural bases for this space; the first, the Schur functions, correspond to the fermion picture; the second, generated by the power sums, yields the Bose picture and the Kac-Moody algebra. I also show explicitly how the loop group LU(1) acts to create the coherent-state deformations of the droplet shape used in path-integral bosonization and in the quantization of chiral bosons.