121147596
Dimuon production by neutrinos: Test of weak-current models
We compare predictions of weak-current models for ..mu../sup +/..mu../sup -/ production initiated by ..nu.. and anti ..nu.. with experimental x, y, p, and v distributions of the muon associated with the incident neutrino. These distributions indicate that ..nu..N dimuon production occurs dominantly off valence quarks, with a y dependence that is somewhat suggestive of (1 - y)/sup 2/, while anti ..nu..N production occurs from sea quarks. Nevertheless, the original charm model provides a viable explanation within the uncertainties of present data. An improved description of the ..nu..N dimuon distributions is obtained with a V + A charm-changing current. The dimuon data do not exhibit the characteristics expected from the production of the b-type quark of vectorlike theories. A vector-meson-dominance interpretation does not predict satisfactory x dependences. (AIP)
33984423
Invisible axions and the QCD phase transition in the early Universe.
We examine, in detail, the conditions under which the quark-hadron phase transition in the early Universe can influence the previously determined upper bound on the axion decay constant f/sub a/< or approx. =5 x 10/sup 12/ GeV. By integrating the axion equation of motion (in general and in a specific model) through the phase transition we find that if the phase transition is sufficiently abrupt the limit on f/sub a/ may change by an order of magnitude in either direction (depending on initial conditions); the most probable result is a tightening of the bound by a factor approx.5. Sensitive axion detectors, as are now being contemplated, could conceivably provide information on the Universe at approx.10/sup -5/ sec after the big bang.
117398144
Oscillation and Mixing Among the Three Neutrino Flavors
With the educated, interested non-specialist as the target audience, we overview what is known and not known about contemporary neutrino physics. Theory tells us that neutrinos are the second-most common particle in the Universe, behind only the quanta of radiation called photons. Almost a trillion neutrinos per second enter each human eyeball, and yet we do not see them; these neutrinos, in roughly equal numbers, are emanations from our Sun and relics of the hot "big bang" era of the early Universe. Much of what we know about neutrinos, and hope to learn in the future, is derived from a unique feature of neutrinos -- "oscillation" among neutrino "flavor" types. An initial neutrino flavor will in general oscillate into another flavor as the neutrino propagates in space and time. Oscillations are a quantum mechanical phenomenon. One of the wonders of neutrinos is that their quantum mechanics may be observed over large distances, even astronomically large. We begin this article with neutrino phenomenology in terms of masses and mixing angles, including the matter-antimatter asymmetric "phase" that appears with three neutrino types. Next we venture into neutrino oscillations. We conclude with a discussion of model-building for the neutrino masses and mixings. Throughout this article, attention is devoted to the 2012 result that the "small" neutrino mixing angle is not so small, after all.
28972121
Test of equivalence principle for neutrinos and antineutrinos.
Based on data from the supernova SN 1987A it is shown that the Einstein equivalence principle is confirmed for electron neutrinos and their antiparticles to one part per million provided at least one of the events is due to ..nu../sub e/e scattering. Bounds on the strengths of new galactic-range forces coupling to neutrinos (of nonzero mass) and to matter are also deduced.
208070142
Particle physics implications of the WMAP neutrino mass bound
The recently published cosmological bound on the absolute neutrino masses obtained from the Wilkinson m anisotropy probe (WMAP) data has important consequences for neutrino experiments and models. Taken at face new bound excludes the determination of the absolute neutrino mass in the KATRIN experiment and disfavors a oscillation interpretation of the LSND experiment. Combined with the KamLAND and Super-K data, the WMAP defines an accessible range for the neutrinoless double beta decay amplitude. The bound also impacts the Z-burst a mechanism for resonant generation of extreme-energy cosmic rays on the cosmic neutrino background in two ways: it c the local over-density of neutrino dark matter which is not helpful, but it also limits the resonant energy to a favorable In R-parity violating SUSY models, neutrino masses are generated by trilinear and bilinear lepton number violating co The WMAP result improves the constraints on these couplings by an order of magnitude.  2003 Elsevier B.V. PACS: 12.60.Jv; 14.60.Pq; 14.80.Ly; 23.40.Bw; 96.40.Tv; 98.80.Es Open access under CC BY license.
12403490
Minimal electroweak model for monopole annihilation.
We construct the minimal (most economical in fields) extension of the standard model implementing the Langacker-Pi mechanism for reducing the grand unified theory (GUT) monopole cosmic density to an allowed level. The model contains just a single charged scalar field in addition to the standard Higgs doublet, and is easily embeddable in any GUT. We identify the region of parameter space where monopoles annihilate in the higher temperature early Universe. A particularly alluring possibility is that the demise of monopoles at the electroweak scale is in fact the origin of the Universe's net baryon number.
27473327
Transverse impendance of LHC collimators
The transverse impedance in the LHC is expected to be dominated by the numerous collimators, most of which are made of Fibre-Reinforced-Carbon to withstand the impacts of high intensity proton beams in case of failures, and which will be moved very close to the beam, with full gaps of few millimetres, in order to protect surrounding super-conducting equipments. We present an estimate of the transverse resistive-wall impedance of the LHC collimators, the total impedance in the LHC at injection and top energy, the induced coupled-bunch growth rates and tune shifts, and finally the result of the comparison of the theoretical predictions with measurements performed in 2004 and 2006 on a prototype collimator installed in the SPS.
119117884
Proceedings of the 2nd Workshop on Flavor Symmetries and Consequences in Accelerators and Cosmology (FLASY12)
Although existing theoretical models generally prefer extremely heavy right-handed neutrinos to generate light neutrino masses via the seesaw mechanism, there are several observed phenomena that point to the existence of both keVand eV-scale sterile neutrinos. We present two A4 flavor symmetry models that can accommodate light sterile neutrinos and remain compatible with neutrino data. Higher order seesaw terms and higher-dimensional operators are studied, and the phenomenological implications of light sterile neutrinos on neutrinoless double beta decay are discussed. 1.
55572949
CRITICAL HALO LOSS LOCATIONS IN THE LHC
Results of simulations with all movable elements of the LHC collimation system [1] are discussed for various operation modes. Compared to previous results, the placing of additional collimators reduced the beam losses by a factor 10 in the ideal machine case, i.e. nominal collimators settings for both 450 GeV and 7 TeV beam energies. First results for Beam 2 are also reviewed. The sensitivity of the system to free orbit oscillations is addressed. These results show that it is sufficient to use a limited number of beam loss monitors (BLMs) for the setup and optimization of the LHC Collimation System.
2156470
Performance reach of the "phase 1" LHC collimation system
State-of-the-art tracking tools have been developed for detailed LHC collimation and beam loss studies. This includes full chromatic treatment of both beam lines and error models. This paper reviews the main results on the performance reach of the multi-stage LHC collimation system that is being installed in the LHC. Limitations on the allowed proton loss rates and the stored intensity can be derived from the comparison of local losses with estimated quench limits for the superconducting magnets. The origins of the cleaning-related performance limitations are presented and possible improvements are discussed.
55454565
THE FINAL COLLIMATION SYSTEM FOR THE LHC
The LHC collimation system has been re-designed over in order to address the unprecedented challenges that are faced with the 360 MJ beams at 7 TeV. The layout of the LHC has now been frozen and a final approach for collimation and cleaning has been adopted. In total 132 pure collimator locations have been reserved in the two LHC rings and can be installed in a phased approach. Up to 88 collimators of five different types will be available for initial beam operation. The system has been fully optimized for avoiding beam-induced quenches of superconducting magnets and for sufficient survival of beamline components against radioactive dose. The phased approach for LHC collimation is described, the various collimators and their functionalities are explained, and the expected system performance is summarized. Large Hadron Collider Project