120089995
The large-scale organization of the hadron decay network
The standard model of particle physics predicts a complex structure of decay modes for hadrons, which opens up an avenue for observing the internal forces governing the decay dynamics. In this paper, we present the decay modes of hadrons as a network in which the nodes are particles and directed links are pointing from the mother particles to daughter particles. Using the database of decay modes collected from the Particle Data Group, we try to unveil the topological structure and possible intrinsic nature of hadron decays in the light of recent investigations of complex networks. We study distributions of the numbers of daughter and mother particles, and explore scaling laws that may govern the underlying decay structure of the system. We find that it is a small-world network with symmetrical structure. We also study the influence of constraints arising from conservation laws on the network structure, and our analysis suggests that the constraints of conservations of momentum-energy, charge, lepton number and baryon number play important roles in the topology of the decay network. Finally, we classify the hadrons into communities according to their quark component, and uncover the relationship between the particle roles and connection patterns in the communities.
120955053
Analysis of the scale properties of nuclear structure function
The structure function for the deep-inelastic scattering of electrons on He, Be, Al, Fe and Au are analysed. It is found that all these structure functions satisfy a kind of scale relation, and the scale parameter ξA increases logarithmically with the nucleon number A.
131941483
Selfaffine analysis for the dynamical fluctuations inside jets produced in high-energy hadron hadron collisions
120498489
Elliptic flow in a hadron transport model
We present elliptic flow v2 as a function of freeze-out time, transverse momentum for π, K, nucleon, Λ, Ξ and Ω in Au+Au collisions at within two transport approaches (RQMD and UrQMD). The presence of mass ordering and NCQ scaling in the string-hadron model suggests that hadronic interactions do contribute to the observed particle-type dependence of v2 as well.
18220605
Thermal Equilibration and Ellipsoidal Expansion of Rotationally-Symmetrical Longitudinal Flow in Relativistc Heavy Ion Collisions
A rotationally-symmetrical ellipsoidal flow model is proposed for the relativistic heavy-ion collisions and compared with the 14.6 A GeV/c Si-Al and 10.8 A GeV/c Au-Au collision data. The large stopping in the heavier collision system and heavier produced particles is accounted for by using the ellipsoidal flow picture. The central dip in the proton and deuteron rapidity distributions for Si-Al collision are reproduced.
1752055
On transverse momentum event–by–event fluctuations in string hadronic models
Abstract. Transverse momentum event–by–event fluctuations are studied within the string–hadronic model of high energy nuclear collisions, LUCIAE. Data on non–statistical $p_T$ fluctuations in p+p interactions are reproduced. Fluctuations of similar magnitude are predicted for nucleus–nucleus collisions, in contradiction to the preliminary NA49 results. The introduction of a string clustering mechanism (Firecracker Model) leads to a further, significant increase of $p_T$ fluctuations for nucleus–nucleus collisions. Secondary hadronic interactions, as implemented in LUCIAE, cause only a small reduction of $p_T$ fluctuations.
59499966
On Descriptions of Particle Transverse Momentum Spectra in High Energy Collisions
The transverse momentum spectra obtained in the frame of an isotropic emission source are compared in terms of Tsallis, Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac, and Bose-Einstein distributions and the Tsallis forms of the latter three standard distributions. It 
is obtained that, at a given set of parameters, the standard distributions show a narrower shape than their Tsallis forms which result in wide and/or multicomponent spectra with the Tsallis distribution in between. A comparison among the temperatures obtained from the distributions is made with a possible relation to the Boltzmann temperature. An example of the angular distributions of projectile fragments in nuclear collisions is given.
122169808
Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles in $p-\bar{p}$ or $p-p$ collisions at high energies and predictions at ultrahigh energies
Pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles produced in $p\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{p\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}$ or $p\ensuremath{-}p$ collisions at different energies were reported by the UA5, UA1, P238, CDF, and ALICE collaborations. A multisource ideal gas model is used to fit the experimental data in this paper. According to the parameter values obtained from fitting the data, we find different linear relationships between different parameters and logarithmic center-of-mass energy. A prediction for the pseudorapidity distributions of charged particles produced in $p\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{p\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}$ or $p\ensuremath{-}p$ collisions at the higher Large Hadron Collider energies is given.
121392052
Multiple particle production in proton-proton collisions at energies available at the Large Hadron Collider
A shift three-source model is used in this paper to describe the multiplicity and the pseudorapidity distributions of final-state charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions at energies available at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The three kinds of sources are central sources arising from gluon-gluon collisions, target fragmentation sources arising from gluon- or quark-induced collisions with target quarks, and projectile fragmentation sources arising from gluon- or quark-induced collisions with projectile quarks. The central, target fragmentation, and projectile fragmentation sources each have shifts around their centers. The results calculated by using the shift three-source model are in agreement with the experimental data of the ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) and the CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid experiment) Collaborations.
118049918
Multiplicity Distribution of Relativistic Charged Particles in Oxygen-Emulsion Collisions at 3.7A GeV
The multiplicity distributions of relativistic charged particles produced in oxygen-emulsion collisions at 3.7A GeV are reported. The KNO scaling form can describe the multiplicity distributions of projectile He and H fragments. There is a positive correlation between the shower particle multiplicity and the target fragment multiplicity, and a negative correlation between the shower particle multiplicity and the bound system charge of the projectile spectator. The nuclear geometry plays an important role in nucleus-nucleus collisions at the Dubna energy.
122136554
Unified description of multiplicity distributions of final-state particles produced in collisions at high energies
Abstract The paper presents a modelling description to multiplicity distributions of final-state particles measured in different collision systems at different center-of-mass energies. As examples distributions of charged particles (hadrons) measured in e + e − , pp, p p ¯ , and e + p collisions are presented and good agreement between the calculation and the data is found. Meanwhile, distributions of final-state particles produced in proton and heavy ion induced nuclear collisions are included in the framework of the unified description. The basis of the calculations is a weight sum of different Erlang distributions. The model assumption is that many sources of emitted particles are formed in collisions. Each source contributes multiplicity distribution like a radioactive object.