122141713
A liquid-scintillator total-absorption hadron calorimeter for the study of neutrino interactions
Abstract We describe the performance of a large-volume liquid-scintillator calorimeter which has been used to measure the total energy of hadrons produced by interactions of neutrinos with nucleons. The resolution of the calorimeter is about 12% rms for incident pions over the energy range 20–150 GeV, and about 15% for neutrino-induced hadron systems in the chosen fiducial volume after corrections for imperfect energy containment.
122124216
Neutrino oscillations and the number of neutrino types
A brief treatment of neutrino oscillations, generalized to an arbitrary number of neutrino types, is given as the basis for design of a feasible experiment to search for neutrino oscillations using the neutrino beam produced at a high-energy proton accelerator.
118712243
Comments on the letter «Limits on the electromagnetic production of heavy leptons»
122918733
Observation of Elastic Neutrino and Antineutrino Scattering and Parity Violation in the Weak Hadronic Neutral Current
We have observed 30 events of the process νp → νp with a background expectation of 7 events. The ratio σ(νp → νp)/σ(νn → μ −p) is measured to be 0.17 ± 0.05 for 0.3 <q2 <0.9 (GeV/c)2 where — q2 is the square of the four-momentum transfer to the proton. We have also observed 22 events of the process νp → νp with a background expectation of 8 events. The ratio σ(νp → νp)/σ(νp → μ +n) is 0.2 ± 0.1 for the same q2 interval. These two measurements yield a ratio σ(νp → νp)/σ(νp → νp) = 0.4 ± 0.2, where the error is statistical. This difference between neutrino and antineutrino scattering suggests that the hadronic neutral current displays a significant parity-violating interference and that a purely vector Lorentz structure is unlikely.
123899161
NEUTRINOS AND MUONS IN AREA 1.
118973535
Some Recent Advances in Neutrino Physics
One answer to questions concerning the subject matter of elementary particle physics and its position within the physical sciences is that particle physics is the study of creation. To justify this idea, at least in part, consider the “big bang” model of creation of the universe. In that model the primeval fireball involved very high temperatures, estimated to be greater than 1011 degrees Kelvin (°K), which is to be compared with the interior temperature of the sun at about 107 degrees Kelvin. We believe the sun to be a nuclear furnace, generating its energy by individual nuclear interactions in the million electron volt (MeV) energy range. In the “big bang” the energies involved in the individual particle interactions would have been more than 104 times larger than in the sun, and thus in the tens of giga-electron volts (GeV). This is precisely the energy region of present-day high energy or elementary particle physics laboratory experiments. In this sense, then, laboratory experiments that study, even indirectly, lepton-lepton scattering or quark-quark interactions are revisiting creation.
42017178
Casimir's entropy
The classical `Kirchhoff's theorem' (the energy density of the radiation at equilibrium at high temperature, T, is a function of T only) is used to obtain the Casimir energy at zero temperature without recourse to regularization. The validity of `Kirchhoff's theorem' at the high-temperature limit for the case at hand is confirmed. The Casimir entropy is defined and its temperature dependence is displayed. The Casimir entropy at high temperatures is shown to approach a positive geometry-dependent but temperature-independent constant.
119995096
Coherent and thermal coherent state
The characterization of coherent states as the quantum states that split into two uncorrelated beams is considered. The characterization leads to the study of coherent states at finite temperature—thermal coherent states (TCS’s). These TCS’s are defined within the formalism of thermo field dynamics (TFD). TFD allows a generalization of the uncertainty relation that accounts for both thermal and quantum fluctuations. The TCS is shown to be a minimal state for the generalized uncertainty relation.
122704344
Mesonic structure in the nucleon
122239911
Maximumvs. Critical temperature in a superfluid approach to strong interactions
53361667
Use of single photon counting detector arrays in combined PET/MR: Characterization of LYSO-SiPM detector modules and comparison with a LSO-APD detector
We propose in this study a novel PET detector concept as insert for simultaneous PET/MR imaging, using arrays of Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) as photodetectors, read out by a data acquisition system based on sampling ADCs. A 2 × 2 LSO-SiPM detector array and four single channel LYSO-SiPM detectors have been evaluated and compared to a LSO-APD detector. A 17.9% energy resolution and a 1.4 ns time resolution have been measured. No degradation of these values could be detected when simultaneous MR acquisitions were performed. The non-linear detector behaviour due to the limited dynamic range and recovery time effects has been studied. In addition, the contribution of dark counts and optical crosstalk for PET applications was also addressed. The feasibility for position localization of the incident light to a SiPM array using Anger logic has been investigated.