118545643
Canonical path-integral measures for Holst and Plebanski gravity: II. Gauge invariance and physical inner product
This paper serves as a continuation for the discussion in Engle et al (2010, Class. Quantum Grav. 27 245014). We analyze the invariance properties of the gravity path-integral measure derived from canonical framework and discuss which path-integral formula may be employed in the concrete computation e.g. constructing a spin-foam model, so that the final model can be interpreted as a physical inner product in the canonical theory. This paper is divided into two parts, the first part is concerning the gauge invariance of the canonical path-integral measure for gravity from the reduced phase space quantization. We show that the path-integral measure is invariant under all the gauge transformations generated by all the constraints. These gauge transformations are the local symmetries of the gravity action, which is implemented without anomaly at the quantum level by the invariant path-integral measure. However, these gauge transformations coincide with the spacetime diffeomorphisms only when the equations of motion are imposed. But the path-integral measure is not invariant under spacetime diffeomorphisms, i.e. the local symmetry of spacetime diffeomorphisms become anomalous in the reduced phase space path-integral quantization. In the second part, we present a path-integral formula, which formally solves all the quantum constraint equations of gravity, and further results in a rigging map in the sense of refined algebraic quantization (RAQ). Then we give a formal path-integral expression of the physical inner product in loop quantum gravity (LQG). This path-integral expression is simpler than the one from reduced phase space quantization, since all the gauge-fixing conditions are removed except the time gauge. The resulting path-integral measure is different from the product Lebesgue measure up to a local measure factor containing both the spacetime volume element and the spatial volume element. This formal path-integral expression of the physical inner product can be a starting point for constructing a spin-foam model.
118178605
SL(2,C) Chern–Simons theory, a non-planar graph operator, and 4D quantum gravity with a cosmological constant: Semiclassical geometry
Abstract We study the expectation value of a nonplanar Wilson graph operator in SL ( 2 , C ) Chern–Simons theory on S 3 . In particular we analyze its asymptotic behavior in the double-scaling limit in which both the representation labels and the Chern–Simons coupling are taken to be large, but with fixed ratio. When the Wilson graph operator has a specific form, motivated by loop quantum gravity, the critical point equations obtained in this double-scaling limit describe a very specific class of flat connection on the graph complement manifold. We find that flat connections in this class are in correspondence with the geometries of constant curvature 4-simplices. The result is fully non-perturbative from the perspective of the reconstructed geometry. We also show that the asymptotic behavior of the amplitude contains, at the leading order, an oscillatory part proportional to the Regge action for the single 4-simplex in the presence of a cosmological constant. In particular, the cosmological term contains the full-fledged curved volume of the 4-simplex. Interestingly, the volume term stems from the asymptotics of the Chern–Simons action. This can be understood as arising from the relation between Chern–Simons theory on the boundary of a region, and a theory defined by an F 2 action in the bulk. Another peculiarity of our approach is that the sign of the curvature of the reconstructed geometry, and hence of the cosmological constant in the Regge action, is not fixed a priori, but rather emerges semiclassically and dynamically from the solution of the equations of motion. In other words, this work suggests a relation between 4-dimensional loop quantum gravity with a cosmological constant and SL ( 2 , C ) Chern–Simons theory in 3 dimensions with knotted graph defects.
119655234
On spinfoam models in large spin regime
We study the semiclassical behavior of Lorentzian Engle–Pereira–Rovelli–Livine (EPRL) spinfoam model, by taking into account the sum over spins in the large spin regime. We also employ the method of stationary phase analysis with parameters and the so-called, almost analytic machinery, in order to find the asymptotic behavior of the contributions from all possible large spin configurations in the spinfoam model. The spins contributing the sum are written as Jf = λjf, where λ is a large parameter resulting in an asymptotic expansion via stationary phase approximation. The analysis shows that at least for the simplicial Lorentzian geometries (as spinfoam critical configurations), they contribute the leading order approximation of spinfoam amplitude only when their deficit angles satisfy mod . Our analysis results in a curvature expansion of the semiclassical low energy effective action from the spinfoam model, where the UV modifications of Einstein gravity appear as subleading high-curvature corrections.
119310822
Asymptotics of Spinfoam Amplitude on Simplicial Manifold: Euclidean Theory
We study the large-j asymptotics of the Euclidean EPRL/FK spin foam amplitude on a 4D simplicial complex with arbitrary number of simplices. We show that for a critical configuration {jf, gve, nef} in general, there exists a partition of the simplicial complex into three regions: non-degenerate region, type-A degenerate region and type-B degenerate region. On both the non-degenerate and type-A degenerate regions, the critical configuration implies a non-degenerate Euclidean geometry, while on the type-B degenerate region, the critical configuration implies a vector geometry. Furthermore we can split the non-degenerate and type-A regions into sub-complexes according to the sign of Euclidean-oriented 4-simplex volume. On each sub-complex, the spin foam amplitude at the critical configuration gives a Regge action that contains a sign factor sgn (V4(v)) of the oriented 4-simplex volume. Therefore the Regge action reproduced here can be viewed as a discretized Palatini action with the on-shell connection. The asymptotic formula of the spin foam amplitude is given by a sum of the amplitudes evaluated at all possible critical configurations, which are the products of the amplitudes associated with different type of geometries.
53976028
Commuting simplicity and closure constraints for 4D spin-foam models
Spin Foam Models are supposed to be discretised path integrals for quantum gravity constructed from the Plebanski-Holst action. The reason for there being several models currently under consideration is that no consensus has been reached for how to implement the simplicity constraints. Indeed, none of these models strictly follows from the original path integral with commuting B elds, rather, by some non standard manipulations one always ends up with non commuting B elds and the simplicity constraints become in fact anomalous which is the source for there being several inequivalent strategies to circumvent the associated problems. In this article, we construct a new Euclidian Spin Foam Model which is constructed by standard methods from the Plebanski-Holst path integral with commuting B elds discretised on a 4D simplicial complex. The resulting model diers from the current ones in several aspects, one of them being that the closure constraint needs special care. Only when dropping the closure constraint by hand and only in the large spin limit can the vertex amplitudes of this model be related to those of the FK Model but even then the face and edge amplitude dier. Interestingly, a non-commutative deformation of the B IJ variables leads from our new model to the BarrettCrane Model in the case of = 1.
118662643
Black Hole Entropy in Loop Quantum Gravity, Analytic Continuation, and Dual Holography
A new approach to black hole thermodynamics is proposed in Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG), by defining a new black hole partition function, followed by analytic continuations of Barbero-Immirzi parameter to $\gamma\in i\mathbb{R}$ and Chern-Simons level to $k\in i\mathbb{R}$. The analytic continued partition function has remarkable features: The black hole entropy $S=A/4\ell_P^2$ is reproduced correctly for infinitely many $\gamma= i\eta$, at least for $\eta\in\mathbb{Z}\setminus\{0\}$. The near-horizon Unruh temperature emerges as the pole of partition function. Interestingly, by analytic continuation the partition function can have a dual statistical interpretation corresponding to a dual quantum theory of $\gamma\in i\mathbb{Z}$. The dual quantum theory implies a semiclassical area spectrum for $\gamma\in i\mathbb{Z}$. It also implies that at a given near horizon (quantum) geometry, the number of quantum states inside horizon is bounded by a holographic degeneracy $d= e^{A/4\ell_P}$, which produces the Bekenstein bound from LQG. On the other hand, the result in arXiv:1212.4060 receives a justification here.
119892209
Finite quantum electrodynamics: A field theory using an indefinite metric
A finite relativistic field theory of quantum electrodynamics is formulated; the theory involves as an essential element the use of an indefinite metric to remove the divergences. Two auxiliary fermion fields with anticommutation relations of opposite sign from the normal fermion field (electron) are coupled with the electron to the electromagnetic field in such a manner that any matrix element, calculated by a perturbation expansion, is finite. Although the new Lagrangian is not explicitly gauge invariant, the electromagnetic field is quantized by a method that yields a propagator in the true Landau gauge, and it is shown that this is sufficient to insure that the physical vector particles are zero-mass transverse quanta (i.e., photons). The physical electron mass and the fine-structure constant are put into the theory, leaving only the masses of the two auxiliary fields as parameters. The effects of mass and charge renormalization are calculated (the former using a technique involving a Taylor expansion in the mass), and are required to be small so that there is no explicit contradiction to the validity of the perturbation expansion. The anomalous magnetic moment of the electron and the differential and total cross sections for Compton scattering are calculated and compared with experiment. A range of the auxiliary mass parameters is found for which the predictions agree with experiment and for which the expansion criteria are satisfied. Thus, a finite quantum electrodynamics is accomplished.
120561444
Comment on the paper entitled «On the Poincaré noninvariance of a recent alternative to the Dirac equation»
121268649
Comment on "Stigma of a Dirac Particle in an Even Environment"
122507140
Diquark color excitation and the narrow resonances
The new narrow resonances are interpreted in the three-triplet model with integral baryon numbers as diquark color excitations of the qq +- q-barq-bar type. Hadronic decays, ..gamma.. transitions, and coupling to ..gamma.. occur through impurity qq-bar admixtures. Except for the coupling to ..gamma.., all decay rates are suppressed. The enhancements above 4 GeV in hadronic cross sections are attributed to qq-bar color octets or still higher diquark levels. (AIP)
119908252
George Sudarshan, No-Go theorems and the exclusion principle
We review two areas of my work that were directly and indirectly initiated and inspired by George. One is the proofs of no-go theorems in combining the spacetime and internal symmetries in non-trivial ways and the other is how Georges firm conviction on the fundamentality of the spin-statistics theorem helped to expand the domain of applicability of the spin-statistics theorem into the arena of quarks and gluons, going far beyond the original application of the exclusion principle in atomic physics. In order to provide deeper understanding of mass differences of particles belonging to spin-degenerate multiplets, attempts have been made to see if some non-trivial way of embedding the Lorentz group and internal symmetry groups such as SU(2) and SU(3) into a larger group. When a hint of no-go theorem (that such non-trivial embedding cannot be achieved) first appeared, George went to work and led many of us, including myself, into this area of research. A series of proofs of no-go theorems by George, myself and others eventually led to the definitive proof by Lochlainn O'Raifeartaigh that came to be known as the ORaifeartaigh theorem. Lochlainn also joined George at Syracuse at the same time I went there. The second area in which George had significant influence on my work is his fervent belief in the fundamental importance of the spin-statistics relationship. First postulated by Worlfgang Pauli to explain the periodic table of elements, the relationship the exclusion principle has exceeded far beyond its original domain of validity. The relationship has been upheld across the scale molecular, atomic, and nuclear structures. What is less known is the fact the relationship continues to remain valid in scales smaller than nucleons. The spin-statistics relationship was one of the compelling reasons for Nambu and I to introduce a new set of then undiscovered degrees freedom for quarks inside nucleons. This new degrees of freedom came to be called the color charges of quarks and it led to the non-Abelian gauge field theory of the strong interactions known today as the quantum chromodynamics. Georges insight into the spin-statistics relationship was indispensable in the birth of the new theory of the strong force.