117897053
Shear viscosity and spectral function of the quark matter
We discuss the shear viscosity of the quark matter by using the Kubo-Mori formula. It is found that the shear viscosity is expressed in terms of the quark spectral function. If the spectral function is approximated by a modified Bright-Wigner type, the viscosity decreases as the width of the spectral function increases. We also discuss dependence of the shear viscosity on the temperature and the density.
123223657
A Vibrational Bag Model for Baryons
Surface monopole vibration of baryons is investigated on the basis of the soliton bag model. We derive a relativistic Lagrangian for the surface motion whose mass parameter is proportional to square of the bag radius. With the use of the WKB approximation, the energy spectra of Pl1 and F" resonances are reproduced by our model fairly well. The static properties of the nucleon are alsO studied in our vibrational bag model and compared with those of the static bag model. Our model predicts that the nucleon consists of the central high·density part and the surrounding low-density part. It is also shown that our model is capable to predict the experimental data as well as the static bag model.
118969678
Tetraquark particle in the string model
We discuss the possibility of the existence of tetraquark states made of four quarks in the string (flux tube) model. The new particle is composed of a diquark and an antidiquark which are connected by a color flux. It is shown that the vibrational and rotational excited states of the string explain some non-qq mesons observed experimentally. Moreover we discuss the decay widths of such tetraquarks with the use of the Schwinger mechanism.
121686024
Excited baryons in the MIT bag model
Abstract The Johnson-Thorn bag model which explains the rotational motion of the elongated MIT bag is extended so as to describe the longitudinal vibration along the elongated bag. Our model is a kind of string model for baryons but it reduces to the ordinary spherical MIT bag model in the ground states. It is shown that the mass spectra of the P 11 and P 33 resonances of baryons can be reproduced by the present model as well as the Regge trajectories.
67846515
A Modified Glauber Approximation and the Formation of Shock Waves in High-Energy Heavy Ion Collisions
Coherent features in high energy heavy ion collisions are investigated from a microscopic viewpoint. A modified Glauber approximation which enables us to include the slowing down of the relative motion between the centers of masses of both nuclei is presented. The generation of the shock wave is shown to be suppressed by this slowing down effect. As an application inclusive nucleon spectra and the two-particle correlation are calculated in the case of Ne+U collision at 400 Me V! A. l ) (which are referred to as I hereafter) we investigated a possible microscopic mechanism for shock wave generation in high energy heavy ion collisions. The nuclear excitation induced by a nuclear collision was de­ scribed in terms of phonons. It was shown that as the collision proceeds phonons are coherently excited and show a characteristic feature of the shock wave. In this treatment the action of the projectile on the target was replaced by that of a potential moving with a constant velocity. We may construct this potential by superposing the nucleonic potential between projectile nucleons and the target ones with amplitudes of nucleonic states in both nuclei. To treat both systems equally from a microscopic viewpoint, one of the authors (M.I) proposed a formalism which is essentially an application of the Glauber approximation to the process. 2 ) The assembly of nucleons in the projectile nucleus was assumed to move in a group during the collision and the Glauber approximation was applied to the relative motion between the centers of masses of the projectile and the target nucleus. In this treatment the deceleration of the relative motion due to the nuclear excitation was not taken into account. In this paper we extend the Glauber approximation so as to take into account the slowing down of the relative motion. In § 2 the formulation of the modified Glauber approximation is presented.
25502171
Rotating Bag Model for Hadrons
The MIT bag model!) has been quite successful in reproducing the observed masses and other static properties of the low-lying hadrons. It is very important to discuss whether or not excited states of the hadrons (resonances) can be explained in the framework of the bag model. A number of excited states have been described successfully by considering collective excitations of the bag.) In particular, Johnson and Thorn) investigated a series of excited states known as the Regge trajectory by using the rotating bag model. They assumed that the rotating bag has stringlike shape with two ends by the centrifugal force and the transverse length is negligible compared with its longitudinal one. From this onedimensional bag model, they succeeded in reproducing the experimental value of the Regge slope very well. Furthermore it was showt: by Wakimaru and one of the present authors (M. I.) that this simple model can explain not only the Regge slope but also the energy spectra of the trajectories.) On the other hand, Eguchi and Migdal et aJ.5) also discussed the excited states by using their string models 'which are independent of the bag model. Any string model which has been proposed is based on the assumption that the shape is stringlike or one-dimensional. Is the assumption of the stringlike shape, however, surely true? section of the stringlike bag, which we call tube, can be given by
120897225
L-series X-ray yields of kaonic 3He and 4He atoms in gaseous targets
The SIDDHARTA experiment measured X-rays from kaonic helium atoms using, for the first time, gaseous 3He and 4He targets. Clear patterns of the L-series X-rays of kaonic 3He and 4He atoms were observed. By using accurate Monte Carlo simulations, the absolute yields of these X-ray transitions were determined to be Y(3d → 2p) = 25.0−5.8+6.7% for 3He (0.96 g/l), Y(3d → 2p) = 23.1−4.2+6.0% for 4He (1.65 g/l), and Y(3d → 2p) = 17.2−9.5+2.6% for 4He (2.15g/l). In addition, the yields Y (nd → 2p), with n > 3 were also determined. The measured yields provide valuable information for understanding the cascade processes of kaonic helium atoms as a function of the target density.
9987198
Measurement of the kaonic hydrogen x-ray spectrum.
The DEAR (DAPhiNE exotic atom research) experiment measured the energy of x rays emitted in the transitions to the ground state of kaonic hydrogen. The measured values for the shift epsilon and the width Gamma of the 1s state due to the K(-)p strong interaction are epsilon(1s)=-193 +/- 37 (stat) +/- 6 (syst) eV and Gamma(1s)=249 +/- 111 (stat) +/- 30 (syst) eV, the most precise values yet obtained. The pattern of the kaonic hydrogen K-series lines, K(alpha), K(beta), and K(gamma), was disentangled for the first time.
52413327
X-ray spectroscopy of kaonic atoms at SIDDHARTA
The X-ray measurements of kaonic atoms play an important role for understanding the low-energy QCD in the strangeness sector. The SIDDHARTA experiment studied the X-ray transitions of 4 light kaonic atoms (H, D, 3 He, and 4 He) using the DAFNE electron-positron collider at LNF (Italy). Most precise values of the shift and width of the kaonic hydrogen 1s state were determined, which have been now used as fundamental information for the low-energy K − p interaction in theoretical studies. An upper limit of the X-ray yield of kaonic deuterium was derived, important for future K − d experiments. The shifts and widths of the kaonic 3 He and 4 He 2p states were obtained, confirming the end of the "kaonic helium puzzle". In this contribution also the plans for new experiments of kaonic deuterium are being presented.
119744703
STRANGE MULTI-BARYON AND KAONIC ATOMS
120982168
Muonic atoms of radioactive nuclei
The latest progress of a feasibility study at the RIKEN-RAL muon facility using the cold hydrogen film method to extend muonic atom spectroscopy to the use of RI beams is being reported. This would allow studies of unstable nuclei by means of the muonic X-ray method at facilities where both intense μ − and RI beams would be available. New experimental results have just been obtained with stable argon ions implanted in solid deuterium films. Future perspective at the new Muon Experimental Facility in the J-PARC project is also discussed.