121569299
INVARIANT STRUCTURES IN GAUGE THEORIES AND CONFINEMENT
The problem of finding all gauge invariants is considered in connection with the problem of confinement. Polylocal gauge tensors are introduced and studied. It is shown (both in physical and pure geometrical approaches) that the path-ordered exponential is the only fundamental bilocal gauge tensor, which means that any irreducible polylocal gauge tensor is built of P-exponentials and local tensors (matter fields). The simplest invariant structures in electrodynamics, chromodynamics and a theory with the gauge group SU(2) are considered separately. As a consequence of gauge invariance any “elementary” charge is accompanied by an external static field located on the integration contour of a P- exponential, i.e. by a string. The Coulomb field is analyzed from this point of view; it is demonstrated that it can also be considered as made of exponential line integrals. In QCD strings can branch—it means that the interquark static field cannot be associated with a simple P-exponential. On the contrary, in pure gluodynamics strings do not branch. Different forms of confinements are briefly reviewed.
119040808
Quantum mechanics and the cosmological constant
It is shown that in the model [3,4] of quantum mechanics besides probability amplitudes, the Planck constant and the Fock space, the cosmological constant also appear in the natural way. The Poisson brackets are generalized for the case of kinetics.
121712241
On non-local effects in strong interactions
Abstract The qualitative indications of non-locality in strong interactions are pointed out for two types of non-local theories.
122065137
String-like excitations in QED
The evolution of string-like excitations of fields (exponential line integrals) in free QED and in QED with static sources is investigated. It is shown that these excitations are not stable. They break down into electromagnetic radiation and the Coulomb field. The results are compared with calculations in the lattice QED.
122556456
Quantization of the electromagnetic field
The question of a canonical quantization of the electromagnetic field as a system with two primary constraints is analyzed. Attention is focused on the following aspects of the problem: 1) the conditions on physical states; 2) the "old" and "new" Gupta formalisms; 3) the interpretation of the operators , ; 4) the vacuum in quantum electrodynamics. The starting point for the analysis is Dirac's quantization recipe for systems with constraints. It is shown that the Fermi formalism with a condition on the physical states is completely correct.
14101091
On superselection rules for macroscopic objects
It is shown that for "ideal" macroscopic objects there are superselection rules forbidding superpositions of macroscopically distinguishable states of the objects. For real macroscopic bodies the notion of "weak" superselection rules is introduced. Some other aspects of the measurement problem are discussed.
59131649
Variation of electric charge on prototype of fused silica test mass of gravitational wave antenna
Abstract Results of long-term measurements of electric charge located on the fused silica test mass suspended by fused silica fibers are presented. The charge was measured by means of the capacitive probe placed in the vicinity of the oscillating test mass end face. The continuous rise of electric charge was observed after the vacuum chamber evacuation when the initial charge density was of order of 10 −14  C/cm 2 . Rare large jumps of electric charge and synchronous jumps of the test mass oscillation amplitude were observed as well. The jumps of the amplitude may be interpreted as a result of the additional damping. Possible cause of the electric charge variations associated with the cosmic ray effect is discussed. The charge variations may produce the excess noise in interferometric gravitational wave detectors.
136742334
MEASUREMENTS OF ELECTRICAL CHARGE DISTRIBUTION VARIATIONS ON FUSED SILICA