13999234
Recent Results on Neutrino Oscillations
This article reviews the many new results from neutrino oscillation searches which were presented at ICHEP '98. Exciting indications of neutrino oscillations have been seen in the solar neutrino deficit, atmospheric neutrino deficit and LSND excess. These indications and reported limits on oscillations are considered. Attempts to develop a theory which addresses all of the neutrino oscillation data are discussed. Some of the remaining questions and the future experiments which will help answer these questions are described.
14551471
The 1994 Fermilab Fixed Target Program
This paper highlights the results of the Fermilab Fixed Target Program that were announced between October, 1993 and October, 1994. These results are drawn from 18 experiments that took data in the 1985, 1987 and 1990/91 fixed target running periods. For this discussion, the Fermilab Fixed Target Program is divided into 5 major topics: hadron structure, precision electroweak measurements, heavy quark production, polarization and magnetic moments, and searches for new phenomena. However, it should be noted that most experiments span several subtopics. Also, measurements within each subtopic often affect the results in other subtopics. For example, parton distributions from hadron structure measurements are used in the studies of heavy quark production.
18440205
Photomultiplier tubes in the MiniBooNE experiment
The detector for the MiniBooNE [Proposal for the MiniBooNE experiment: hhttp://www-boone.fnal.gov/publicpages/proposal.psi] experiment at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory employs 1520 8 in. Hamamatsu models R1408 and R5912 photomultiplier tubes with custom-designed bases. Tests were performed to determine the dark rate, charge and timing resolutions, double-pulsing rate, and desired operating voltage for each tube, so that the tubes could be sorted for optimal placement in the detector. Seven phototubes were tested to find the angular dependence of their response. After the Super-K phototube implosion accident, an analysis was performed to determine the risk of a similar accident with MiniBooNE. r 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
119757503
A review of experimental results on neutrino oscillations
56440520
Supernova neutrinos and the LSND evidence for neutrino oscillations
The observation of the $\bar{\nu}_e$ energy spectrum from a supernova burst can provide constraints on neutrino oscillations. We derive formulas for adiabatic oscillations of supernova antineutrinos for a variety of 3- and 4-neutrino mixing schemes and mass hierarchies which are consistent with the LSND evidence for $\bar{\nu}_{\mu}\to \bar{\nu}_e$ oscillations. 
Finally, we explore the constraints on these models and LSND given by the supernova SN1987A $\bar{\nu}_e$'s observed by the Kamiokande-2 and IMB-3 detectors.
561638
Coherent neutrino scattering in dark matter detectors
Coherent elastic neutrino- and WIMP-nucleus interaction signatures are expected to be quite similar. This paper discusses how a next generation ton-scale dark matter detector could discover neutrino-nucleus coherent scattering, a precisely-predicted Standard Model process. A high intensity pion- and muon- decay-at-rest neutrino source recently proposed for oscillation physics at underground laboratories would provide the neutrinos for these measurements. In this paper, we calculate raw rates for various target materials commonly used in dark matter detectors and show that discovery of this interaction is possible with a 2 ton$\cdot$year GEODM exposure in an optimistic energy threshold and efficiency scenario. We also study the effects of the neutrino source on WIMP sensitivity and discuss the modulated neutrino signal as a sensitivity/consistency check between different dark matter experiments at DUSEL. Furthermore, we consider the possibility of coherent neutrino physics with a GEODM module placed within tens of meters of the neutrino source.
117090989
Statistical analysis of detection of, and upper limits on, dark matter lines
In this note we present calculations of coverage and power for three different methods which could be used to calculate upper limits and/or claim discovery in a GLAST‐LAT search for a dark matter line. The methods considered are Profile Likelihood, Bayesian factors and likelihood ratio confidence intervals and the calculations are done considering a simple benchmark model of two uncorrelated Poissonian measurements. Profile likelihood has the best coverage properties, the standard χ2 test the worst. For the power, the situation is vice‐versa. In choosing a method one has to consider the false detection rate (1 ‐ coverage) and counterweigh it to the possible achievable power.
14126312
Discovery and Upper Limits in Search for Exotic Physics with Neutrino Telescopes
This note gives a short review of the statistical issues concerning upper limit calculation and claiming of discovery arising in the search for exotic physics with neutrino telescopes. Low sample sizes and significant instrumental uncertainties require special consideration. Methods for treating instrumental or theoretical uncertainties in the calculation of limits or discovery are described. Software implementing these methods is presented. The issue of optimization of analysis cuts and definition of sensitivity is briefly discussed.
15349771
Brane tensions and coupling constants from within M theory
Abstract Reviewing the cancellation of local anomalies of M-theory on R 10 ×S 1 / Z 2 the Yang-Mills coupling constant on the boundaries is rederived. The result is λ 2 =2 1/3 (2 π )(4 πκ 2 ) 2/3 corresponding to η = λ 6 / κ 4 =256 π 5 in the “upstairs” units used by Hořava and Witten and differs from their calculation. It is shown that these values are compatible with the standard membrane and fivebrane tensions derived from the M-theory bulk action. In view of these results it is argued that the natural units for M-theory on R 10 ×S 1 / Z 2 are the “downstairs” units where the brane tensions take their standard form and the Yang-Mills coupling constant is λ 2 =4 π (4 πκ 2 ) 2/3 .
119113193
Fermi-LAT measurement of the diffuse gamma-ray emission and constraints on the Galactic Dark Matter signal
Abstract We have performed an analysis of the diffuse gamma-ray emission with the Fermi Large Area Telescope in the Milky Way Halo region searching for a signal from dark matter annihilation or decay. We consider both gamma rays produced directly in the dark matter annihilation/decay and produced by inverse Compton scattering of the e + / e − produced in the annihilation/decay. Conservative limits are derived requiring that the dark matter signal does not exceed the observed diffuse gamma-ray emission. A second set of more stringent limits is derived based on modeling the foreground astrophysical diffuse emission. Uncertainties in the height of the diffusive cosmic-ray halo, the distribution of the cosmic-ray sources in the Galaxy, the cosmic-ray electron index of the injection spectrum and the column density of the interstellar gas are taken into account using a profile likelihood formalism, while the parameters governing the cosmic-ray propagation have been derived from fits to local cosmic-ray data. The resulting limits impact the range of particle masses over which dark matter thermal production in the early Universe is possible, and challenge the interpretation of the PAMELA/Fermi-LAT cosmic ray anomalies as annihilation of dark matter.
123694739
RESULTS FROM AMANDA
The Antarctic Muon and Neutrino Detector Array (AMANDA) is a high-energy neutrino telescope operating at the geographic South Pole. It is a lattice of photo-multiplier tubes buried deep in the polar ice. The primary goal of this detector is to discover astrophysical sources of high energy neutrinos. We describe the detector methods of operation and present results from the AMANDA-B10 prototype. We demonstrate the improved sensitivity of the current AMANDA-II detector. We conclude with an outlook to the envisioned sensitivity of the future IceCube detector.