119289466
Anomalous dipion invariant mass distribution of the $\Upsilon(4S)$ decays into $\Upsilon(1S) \pi^{+} \pi^{-}$ and $\Upsilon(2S) \pi^{+} \pi^{-}$
To solve the discrepancy between the experimental data on the partial widths and lineshapes of the dipion emission of $\Upsilon(4S)$ and the theoretical predictions, we suggest that there is an additional contribution which was not taken into account in previous calculations. Noticing that the mass of $\Upsilon(4S)$ is above the production threshold of $B\bar B$, the contribution of the sequential process $\Upsilon(4S)\to B\bar B\to \Upsilon(nS)+S\to \Upsilon(nS)+\pi^+\pi^-$ ($n=1,2$) may be sizable, and its interference with that from the direct production would be important. The goal of this work is to investigate if a sum of the two contributions with a relative phase indeed reproduces the data. Our numerical results on the partial widths and the lineshapes $d\Gamma(\Upsilon(4S)\to \Upsilon(2S,1S)\pi^+\pi^-)/d(m_{\pi^+\pi^-})$ are satisfactorily consistent with the measurements, thus the role of this mechanism is confirmed. Moreover, with the parameters obtained by fitting the data of the Belle and Babar collaborations, we predict the distributions $d\Gamma(\Upsilon(4S)\to \Upsilon(2S,1S)\pi^+\pi^-)/d\cos\theta$ which have not been measured yet.
31555802
Mixing of Pentaquark and Molecular States
There are experimental evidences for the existence of narrow states Θ+ and Θc with the same quantum numbers of uudds̄ and uuddc̄ pentaquarks and also NK(∗) and ND(∗) molecular states. Their masses deviate from many theoretical estimates of the pure pentaquark and molecular states. In this work we study the possibility that the observed Θ+ and Θc are mixtures of pure pentaquark and molecular states. The mixing parameters are in general related to non-perturbative QCD which are not calculable at present. We determine them by fitting data from known states and then generalize the mechanism to Θb to predict its mass and width. The mixing mechanism can also naturally explain the narrow width for Θ+ and Θc through destructive interferences, even if the pure pentaquark and molecular states have much larger decay widths. We also briefly discuss the properties of the partner eigenstates of Θ+ and Θc and the possibility of experimentally observe them. Moreover, probable consequences of multi-state mixing are also addressed.
119249008
Does the enhancement observed in $\gamma\gamma\to D\bar{D}$ contain two P-wave higher charmonia?
We solve a new puzzle raised by the observation of an enhancement structure Z(3930) in $\gamma\gamma\to D\bar{D}$. If categorizing Z(3930) as χc2(2P), as suggested by Belle and BaBar, we must explain why χc0(2P) dominantly decaying into $D\bar{D}$ is missing in the $D\bar{D}$ invariant mass spectrum. In this work, we propose that the Z(3930) enhancement structure may contain two P-wave higher charmonia χc0(2P) and χc2(2P). We show that this assumption is supported by our analysis of the $D\bar{D}$ invariant mass spectrum and cosθ∗ distribution of $\gamma\gamma\to D\bar{D}$. This observation would not only provide valuable information of two P-wave higher charmonia χc0(2P) and χc2(2P), but also serve as the crucial test of our novel proposal to the observed enhancement structure Z(3930), especially at the forthcoming BelleII and the approved SuperB.
119155043
Effects of hadronic loops on the direct CP violation of $B_c$
It is well-known that the final state interaction plays an important role in the decays of B meson. The contribution of the final state interaction, which is supposed to be long-distance effects, to the concerned processes can interfere with that of the short-distance effects produced via the tree and/or loop diagrams at quark-gluon level. The interference may provide a source for the direct CP violation A{sub CP} in the process B{sub c}{sup +}{yields}D{sup 0}{pi}{sup +}. We find that a typical value of A{sub CP} when the final state interaction effect is taken into account can be about -22% which is different from that without the final state interaction effect. Therefore, when we extract information on CP violation from the data which will be available at the Large Hadron Collider beauty experiment (LHCb) and the new experiments in B factories, the contribution from the final state interaction must be included. This study may be crucial for searching new physics in the future.
28437592
A possible global group structure for exotic states
Based on the fact that the long expected pentaquark which possesses the exotic quantum numbers of $$B=1$$B=1 and $$S=1$$S=1 was not experimentally found, although exotic states of $$XYZ$$XYZ have been observed recently, we conjecture that the heavy flavors may play an important role in stabilizing the hadronic structures beyond the traditional $$q\bar{q}$$qq¯ and $$qqq$$qqq composites.
51398146
Some properties of the newly observed X(1835) state at BES
Recently the BES collaboration has announced the observation of a resonant state in the π+π-η’ spectrum in J/ψ→γπ+π-η’ decay. Fitting the data with a 0-+ state, the mass is determined to be 1833.7 MeV with 7.7σ statistic significance. This state is consistent with the one extracted from previously reported pp̄ threshold enhancement data in J/ψ→γpp̄. We study the properties of this state using QCD anomaly and QCD sum rules, assuming X(1835) to be a pseudoscalar, and we show that it is consistent with the data. We find that this state has a sizeable matrix element $\langle0|G\widetilde{G}|G_{\text{p}}\rangle$, leading to branching ratios of (2.61–7.37)×10-3 and (2.21–10.61)×10-2 for J/ψ→γGp and for Gp→π+π-η′, respectively. Combining the calculated branching ratio of J/ψ→γGp and data on threshold enhancement in J/ψ→γpp̄, we determine the coupling for the Gp–p–p̄ interaction. We finally study the branching ratios of the other J/ψ→γ+three mesons decay modes. We find that J/ψ→γGp→γ(π+π-η,KKπ0) can provide useful tests for the mechanism proposed.
1748432
Dynamical dimension change in supercritical string theory
We study tree-level solutions to heterotic string theory in which the number of spacetime dimensions 10+n changes dynamically due to closed string tachyon condensation. Taking the large-n limit, we compute the amount by which the dilaton gradient changes during the condensation process. At leading order in n we find that the change in the invariant magnitude of the dilaton gradient compensates the change in spacelike central charge on the worldsheet, so that the total worldsheet central charges are equal at early and late times. This result supports our interpretation of the worldsheet theory as a CFT of critical central charge which describes a dynamical reduction in the total number of spacetime dimensions.
119302053
Empirical extinction coefficients for the GALEX, SDSS, 2MASS and WISE passbands
Using the "standard pair" technique of paring stars of almost nil and high extinction but otherwise of almost identical stellar parameters from the SDSS, and combing the SDSS, GALEX, 2MASS and WISE photometry ranging from the far UV to the mid-IR, we have measured dust reddening in the FUV-NUV, NUV-u, u-g, g-r, r-i, i-z, z-J, J-H, H-Ks, Ks-W1 and W1-W2 colors for thousands of Galactic stars. The measurements, together with the E(B-V) values given by Schlegel et al. (1998), allow us to derive the observed, model-free reddening coefficients for those colors. The results are compared with previous measurements and the predictions of a variety of Galactic reddening laws. We find that 1) The dust reddening map of Schlegel et al. (1998) over-estimates E(B-V) by about 14 per cent, consistent with the recent work of Schlafly et al. (2010) and Schlafly & Finkbeiner (2011); 2) All the new reddening coefficients, except those for NUV-u and u-g, prefer the R(V) = 3.1 Fitzpatrick reddening law rather than the R(V) = 3.1 CCM and O'Donnell (O'Donnell 1994) reddening laws. Using the Ks-band extinction coefficient predicted by the R(V) = 3.1 Fitzpatrick law and the observed reddening coefficients, we have deduced new extinction coefficients for the FUV, NUV, u, g, r, i, z, J, H, W1 and W2 passbands. We recommend that the new reddening and extinction coefficients should be used in the future and an update of the Fitzpatrick reddening law in the UV is probably necessary. We stress however that the FUV- and NUV-band coefficients should be used with caution given their relatively large measurement uncertainties. Finally, potential applications of the "standard pair" technique with the LAMOST Galactic surveys are discussed.
119071536
Hunting for extremely faint planetary nebulae in the SDSS spectroscopic database
Using ~1,700,000 target- and sky-fiber spectra from the SDSS, we have carried out a systematic search for Galactic planetary nebulae (PNe) via detections of the [OIII] 4959, 5007 lines. Thanks to the excellent sensitivity of the SDSS spectroscopic surveys, this is by far the deepest search for PNe ever taken, reaching a surface brightness of the [OIII] 5007 line down to about 29.0 mag./arcsec^2. The search recovers 13 previously known PNe in the Galactic Caps. In total, 44 new PN candidates are identified, including 7 candidates of multiple detections and 37 candidates of single detection. The 7 candidates of multiple detections are all extremely large (between 21' - 154') and faint, located mostly in the low Galactic latitude region and with a kinematics similar to disk stars. After checking their images in Ha and other bands, three of them are probably HII regions, one is probably associated with a new supernova remnant, another one is possibly a true PN, and the remaining two could be either PNe or supernova remnants. Based on sky positions and kinematics, 7 candidates of single detection probably belong to the halo population. If confirmed, they will increase the number of known PNe in the Galactic halo significantly. All the newly identified PN candidates are very faint, with a surface brightness of the [OIII] 5007 line between 27.0 - 30.0 mag./arcsec^2, very challenging to be discovered with previous techniques and thus may greatly increase the number of "missing" faint PNe. Our results demonstrate the power of large scale fiber spectroscopy in hunting for ultra-faint PNe and other types of emission line nebulae. Combining the large spectral databases provided by the SDSS and other on-going projects (e.g. the LAMOST Galactic surveys), it is possible to build a statistically meaningful sample of ultra-faint, large, evolved PNe, thus improving the census of Galactic PNe.
122412335
Study of baryon octet charge form factors in perturbative chiral quark model
The charge form factors of baryon octet are studied in the perturbative chiral quark model (PCQM). The relativistic quark wave function is extracted by fitting the theoretical results of the nucleon charge form factors to the experimental data and the predetermined quark wave function is applied to study the charge form factors of other octet baryons. The PCQM results are found, based on the predetermined quark wave function, in good agreement with the experimental data.
118435421
Improved Estimates of The $B_{(s)}\to V V$ Decays in Perturbative QCD Approach
We reexamine the branching ratios, $CP$-asymmetries, and other observables in a large number of $B_q\to VV(q=u,d,s)$ decays in the perturbative QCD (PQCD) approach, where $V$ denotes a light vector meson $(\rho, K^*, \omega, \phi)$. The essential difference between this work and the earlier similar works is of parametric origin and in the estimates of the power corrections related to the ratio $r_i^2=m_{V_i}^2/m_B^2(i=2,3)$ ($m_V$ and $m_B$ denote the masses of the vector and $B$ meson, respectively). In particular, we use up-to-date distribution amplitudes for the final state mesons and keep the terms proportional to the ratio $r_i^2$ in our calculations. Our updated calculations are in agreement with the experimental data, except for a limited number of decays which we discuss. We emphasize that the penguin annihilation and the hard-scattering emission contributions are essential to understand the polarization anomaly, such as in the $B\to \phi K^*$ and $B_s \to \phi\phi$ decay modes. We also compare our results with those obtained in the QCD factorization (QCDF) approach and comment on the similarities and differences, which can be used to discriminate between these approaches in future experiments.