206775678
Hybrid pen-input character recognition system based on integration of online-offline recognition
Describes a handwritten character recognition system that integrates offline recognition requiring a bitmap image and online recognition involving an input pattern as a sequence of x-y coordinates. Offline recognition performs well for painted or overwritten patterns (for which online recognition would not be suited), whereas online recognition is suitable for very deformed patterns (for which offline recognition is not suited). Because each method has different recognition capabilities, the methods complement each other when integrated together. We have implemented a hybrid handwritten character recognition system in which the recognition results of the offline and online recognizer are integrated to create an improved product. After testing several integration methods for a handwritten character database, we found that the best method increased the recognition rate from 73.8% (offline) and 84.8% (online) to 87.6% (integrated).
27278741
An e-mail environment with handwriting using the HandsDraw digital ink format
This paper proposes a handwriting-based e-mail environment system, including the HandsDraw format, whose facilities include the reading and writing of handwritten massages, their transmission and reception, annotations or comments by recipients, confirmation of the author and time of writing, and reproduction of handwriting. The system has a user interface which is friendly even to a beginner, and can handle more expressive massages on the Internet. The system is regarded as an advanced mobile communication terminal of the kind which has been fashionable recently. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of pen input, encircling (lasso) selection and a button interface are used for dialogue. Users' opinions (collected by questionnaires, on the Internet, and from laboratory use of the system for 2 1/2 years) confirm all of the functions of the system. Some respondents have suggested the conversion of handwritten characters to a type font (rather than sending them directly) by using the character-recognition facility in this system. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(14): 101–109, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1180
39591082
Prototyping of Digital Ink E-Mail System Based on a Common Ink Format
This paper describes the prototyping of a digital ink e-mail system based on a common ink format. This e-mail system can deal with handwritten figures and text strings on a same electronic paper. Digital ink is useful to express one's message on electronic paper (digital paper). Because digital ink is similar to real ink used on real paper, it is easy to use even for the end user. But on existing e-mail systems, most messages are written in text only. We think that the e-mail system must be made more user-friendly and useful if digital-ink is to be easily used on it. To deal with digital ink on an e-mail system, we have designed a new document format HandsDraw which can be used for text, simple figures and digital ink. This format is so simple that it is easy to implement software which can deal with it on any computer system. We also have made a prototype digital ink e-mail system. This system uses HandsDraw to exchange handwritten messages by e-mail. We think the digital ink e-mail system allows e-mail users to express their messages more quickly, directly and intuitively.
46587618
Architecture of TMN-based integrated management system for SDH/PDH mixed large-scale transport network
For efficient and integrated network management of SDH/PDH mixed large-scale transport networks, KDD has developed a TMN-based integrated management system. This paper describes an architecture of the system and its implementation. The features of the architecture are: (1) to employ a distributed system configuration based on TMN multi-layered functional architecture, (2) to newly define an integrated management information model which unifies different management information models for many kinds of NEs (Network Elements) and which enables us to manage a network with mixed SDH and PDH hierarchies of, and (3) to introduce a new alarm correlation mechanism for high system performance.
6162466
AQ, Rough Sets, and Matroid Theory
In order to acquire knowledge from database, there have been proposed several methods of inductive learning, such as ID3 family and AQ family. These methods are applied to discover meaningful knowledge from large database, and their usefulness is ensured. However,since there has been no formal approach proposed to treat these methods, efficiency of each method is only compared empirically. In this paper, we introduce matroid theory and rough sets to construct a common framework for empirical machine learning methods which induce knowledge from databases whose patterns are described as the combination of attribute-value pairs. Combination of the concepts of rough sets and matroid theory gives us an excellent framework and enables us to understand the differences and the similarities of these methods clearly. Using this framework, we compare three methods, AQ, Pawlak’s Consistent Rules. The results shows that they generate bases of Matroid from attribute-value space and that their solutions are optimal to the classification of the training samples.
15854385
Selection of Probabilistic Measure Estimation Method Based on Recursive Iteration of Resampling Methods
One of the most important problems in rule induction methods is how to estimate the reliability of the induced rules, which is a semantic part of knowledge to be estimated from finite training samples. In order to estimate errors of induced results, resampling methods, such as cross-validation, the bootstrap method, have been introduced. However, while cross-validation method obtains better results in some domains, the bootstrap method calculates better estimation in other domains, and it is very difficult how to choose one of the two methods. In order to reduce these disadvantages further, we introduce recursive iteration of resampling methods(RECITE). RECITE consists of the following four procedures: First, it randomly splits training samples(S0) into two equal parts, one for hew training samples(S1) and the other for new test samples(T1). Second, rules are induced from S1, and several estimation methods, given by users, are executed by using S1. Third, the rules are tested by T1, and test error estimators are compared with each estimator. The second and the third procedure are repeated for certain times given by users. Then the estimation method which gives the best estimator is selected as the most suitable estimation method. Finally, we use this estimation method for S0 and derive the estimators of statistical measures from the original training samples. We apply this RECITE method to three original medical databases, and seven UCI databases. The results show that this method gives the best selection of estimation methods in almost all the cases.
7071100
Telemedical support using real-time ultrasonography and endoscopy images
We developed a telecommunications apparatus (TMS-6101, NIHON KOHDEN WELLNESS CORPORATION, Tokyo, Japan) and evaluated its clinical utility as a telemedical support system. It is capable of transmitting on a real-time basis such vital signs as blood pressure, arterial O2 saturation and ECG recordings, which are measured at bedside using the Life-Mate monitor (NIHON KOHDEN WELLNESS Co.). It is also capable of transmitting moving video-camera pictures in real time. In this study we assessed its application for telemedical supports with particular emphasis on ultrasonography and endoscopy images since reports of such applications are lacking. Employing this system, several kinds of technically demanding endoscopic procedures were supported successfully under the supervision of at least one off-site specialist physician. The system proved to be a very useful medical resource, since it facilitated high quality medical care and specialist consultation at any location without those specialists traveling to the scene.
1789208
Induction of Expert System Rules from Databases Based on Rough Set Theory and Resampling Methods
Automated knowledge acquisition is an important research issue to solve the bottleneck problem in developing expert systems. There have been proposed several methods of inductive learning, such as induction of decision trees, AQ method, and neural networks for this purpose. However, most of the approaches focus on inducing some rules which classify cases correctly. On the contrary, medical experts also learn other information which is important for medical diagnostic procedures from databases. In this paper, a ruleinduction system, called PRIMEROSEREX (Probabilistic Rule Induction Method based on Rough Sets and Resampling methods for Expert systems), is introduced. This program extracts not only classification rules for differential diagnosis, but also other medical knowledge needed for other diagnostic procedures, based on a diagnosing model of a medical expert system RHINOS (Rule-based Headache and facial pain INformation Orgranizing System). This system is evaluated by using training samples of RHINOS domain, and the induced results are compared with rules acquired from medical experts. The results show that our proposed method correctly induces RHINOS rules and estimate the statistical measures of rules.