39591082
Prototyping of Digital Ink E-Mail System Based on a Common Ink Format
This paper describes the prototyping of a digital ink e-mail system based on a common ink format. This e-mail system can deal with handwritten figures and text strings on a same electronic paper. Digital ink is useful to express one's message on electronic paper (digital paper). Because digital ink is similar to real ink used on real paper, it is easy to use even for the end user. But on existing e-mail systems, most messages are written in text only. We think that the e-mail system must be made more user-friendly and useful if digital-ink is to be easily used on it. To deal with digital ink on an e-mail system, we have designed a new document format HandsDraw which can be used for text, simple figures and digital ink. This format is so simple that it is easy to implement software which can deal with it on any computer system. We also have made a prototype digital ink e-mail system. This system uses HandsDraw to exchange handwritten messages by e-mail. We think the digital ink e-mail system allows e-mail users to express their messages more quickly, directly and intuitively.
27278741
An e-mail environment with handwriting using the HandsDraw digital ink format
This paper proposes a handwriting-based e-mail environment system, including the HandsDraw format, whose facilities include the reading and writing of handwritten massages, their transmission and reception, annotations or comments by recipients, confirmation of the author and time of writing, and reproduction of handwriting. The system has a user interface which is friendly even to a beginner, and can handle more expressive massages on the Internet. The system is regarded as an advanced mobile communication terminal of the kind which has been fashionable recently. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of pen input, encircling (lasso) selection and a button interface are used for dialogue. Users' opinions (collected by questionnaires, on the Internet, and from laboratory use of the system for 2 1/2 years) confirm all of the functions of the system. Some respondents have suggested the conversion of handwritten characters to a type font (rather than sending them directly) by using the character-recognition facility in this system. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(14): 101–109, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1180
16116114
Concept and prototype of protein-ligand docking simulator with force feedback technology
A novel concept for a protein-ligand docking simulator using Virtual Reality (VR) technologies, in particular the tactile sense technology, was designed and a prototype was developed. Most conventional docking simulators are based on numerical differential calculations of the total energy between a protein and a ligand. However, the basic concept of our method differs from that of conventional simulators. Our design utilizes the force between a ligand and a protein instead of the total energy. The most characteristic function of the system is its ability to enable the user to 'touch' and sense the electrostatic potential field of a protein molecule. The user can scan the surface of a protein using a globular probe, which is given an electrostatic charge, and is controlled by a force feedback device. The electrostatic force between the protein and the probe is calculated in real time and immediately fed back into the force feedback device. The user can easily search interactively for positions where the probe is strongly attracted to the force field. Such positions can be regarded as candidate sites where functional groups of ligands corresponding to the probe can bind to the target protein. Certain limitations remain; for example, only twenty protein atoms can be used to generate the electrostatic field. Furthermore, the system can only use globular probes, preventing drug molecules or small chemical groups from being simulated. These limitations are the result of our insufficient computer resources. However, our prototype system has the potential to become a novel application method as well as being applicable to conventional VR technologies, especially to force feedback technologies.
27709652
A Common Algebraic Framework of Empirical Learning Methods Based on Rough Sets and Matroid Theory
In order to acquire knowledge from databases, there have been proposed several methods of inductive learning, such as ID3 family and AQ family. These methods are applied to discover meaningful knowledge from large databases, and their usefulness is ensured. However, since there has been no formal approach proposed to treat these methods, efficiency of each method is only compared empirically. In this paper, we introduce matroid theory and rough sets to construct a common framework for empirical machine learning methods which induce the combination of attribute-value pairs from databases. Combination of the concepts of rough sets and matroid theory gives us an excellent set-theoretical framework and enables us to understand the differences and the similarities between these methods clearly. In this paper, we compare three classical methods, AQ, Pawlak's Consistent Rules and ID3. The results show that there exist the differences in algebraic structure between the former two and the latter and that this causes the differences between AQ and ID3.
6162466
AQ, Rough Sets, and Matroid Theory
In order to acquire knowledge from database, there have been proposed several methods of inductive learning, such as ID3 family and AQ family. These methods are applied to discover meaningful knowledge from large database, and their usefulness is ensured. However,since there has been no formal approach proposed to treat these methods, efficiency of each method is only compared empirically. In this paper, we introduce matroid theory and rough sets to construct a common framework for empirical machine learning methods which induce knowledge from databases whose patterns are described as the combination of attribute-value pairs. Combination of the concepts of rough sets and matroid theory gives us an excellent framework and enables us to understand the differences and the similarities of these methods clearly. Using this framework, we compare three methods, AQ, Pawlak’s Consistent Rules. The results shows that they generate bases of Matroid from attribute-value space and that their solutions are optimal to the classification of the training samples.
46587618
Architecture of TMN-based integrated management system for SDH/PDH mixed large-scale transport network
For efficient and integrated network management of SDH/PDH mixed large-scale transport networks, KDD has developed a TMN-based integrated management system. This paper describes an architecture of the system and its implementation. The features of the architecture are: (1) to employ a distributed system configuration based on TMN multi-layered functional architecture, (2) to newly define an integrated management information model which unifies different management information models for many kinds of NEs (Network Elements) and which enables us to manage a network with mixed SDH and PDH hierarchies of, and (3) to introduce a new alarm correlation mechanism for high system performance.
10053910
PRIMEROSE: Probabilistic Rule Induction Method Based on Rough Set Theory
Automated knowledge acquisition is an important research issue in machine learning. There have been proposed several methods of inductive learning, such as ID3 family and AQ family. These methods are applied to discover meaningful knowledge from large database, and their usefulness is in some aspects ensured. However, in most of the cases, their methods are of deterministic nature, and reliability of the acquired knowledge is not evaluated statistically, which makes these methods ineffective when applied to the domain of essentially probabilistic nature, such as medical one. Extending concepts of rough set theory to probabilistic domain, we introduce a new approach to knowledge acquisition, which induces probabilistic rules based on rough set theory(PRIMEROSE) and develop a program that extracts rules for an expert system from clinical database, using this method. The results show that the derived rules almost correspond to those of medical experts.