37659920
Artificial Life Applications of a Class of P Systems: Abstract Rewriting Systems on Multisets
Artificial chemical system are well studied in Artificial Life and Complexity. Here we overview results about such a class of artificial chemical systems: Abstract Rewriting Systems on Multisets (ARMS), which are particular types of P Systems and exhibit complex behaviors such as non-linear oscillations. In short, an ARMS consists of a membrane which contains "chemical compounds" (denoted by symbols); these compounds evolve through chemical reactions in a cell-like device. To such systems we apply a genetic method and, by a simulation on computer, we find several results of Artificial Life interest.
14789474
Automated Selection of Rule Induction Methods Based on Recursive Iteration of Resampling Methods and Multiple Statistical Testing
One of the most important problems in rule induction methods is how to estimate which method is the best to use in an applied domain. While some methods are useful in some domains, they are not useful in other domains. Therefore it is very difficult to choose one of these methods. For this purpose, we introduce multiple testing based on recursive iteration of resampling methods for rule-induction (MULT-RECITE-R). This method consists of four procedures, which includes the inner loop and the outer loop procedures. First, original training samples(S0) are randomly split into new training samples(S1) and test samples(T1) using a resampling scheme. Second, S1 are again split into training sample(S2) and training samples(T2) using the same resampling scheme. Rule induction methods are applied and predefined metrics are calculated. This second procedure, as the inner loop, is repeated for 10000 times. Then, third, rule induction methods are applied to S1, and the metrics calculated by T1 are compared with those by T2. If the metrics derived by T2 predicts those by T1, then we count it as a success. The second and third procedures, as the outer loop, are iterated for 10000 times. Finally, fourth, the overall results are interpreted, and the best method is selected if the resampling scheme performs well. In order to evaluate this system, we apply this MULT-RECITE-R method to three UCI databases. The results show that this method gives the best selection of estimation methods statistically.
42031107
Algebraic Specification of Empirical Inductive Learning Methods based on Rough Sets and Matroid Theory
In order to acquire knowledge from databases, there have been proposed several methods of inductive learning, such as ID3 family and AQ family. These methods are applied to discover meaningful knowledge from large databases, and their usefulness is ensured. However, since there has been no formal approach proposed to treat these methods, efficiency of each method is only compared empirically. In this paper, we introduce matroid theory and rough sets to construct a common framework for empirical machine learning methods which induce the combination of attribute-value pairs from databases. Combination of the concepts of rough sets and matroid theory gives us an excellent framework and enables us to understand the differences and the similarities between these methods clearly. In this paper, we compare three classical methods, AQ, Pawlak's Consistent Rules and ID3. The results show that there exists the differences in algebraic structure between the former two and the latter and that this causes the differences between AQ and ID3.
6820086
BioCichlid: central dogma-based 3D visualization system of time-course microarray data on a hierarchical biological network
SUMMARY
BioCichlid is a 3D visualization system of time-course microarray data on molecular networks, aiming at interpretation of gene expression data by transcriptional relationships based on the central dogma with physical and genetic interactions. BioCichlid visualizes both physical (protein) and genetic (regulatory) network layers, and provides animation of time-course gene expression data on the genetic network layer. Transcriptional regulations are represented to bridge the physical network (transcription factors) and genetic network (regulated genes) layers, thus integrating promoter analysis into the pathway mapping. BioCichlid enhances the interpretation of microarray data and allows for revealing the underlying mechanisms causing differential gene expressions.


AVAILABILITY
BioCichlid is freely available and can be accessed at http://newton.tmd.ac.jp/. Source codes for both biocichlid server and client are also available.
206639604
COBRA: Integration of Knowledge-Bases with Case-Databases in the Domain of Congenital Malformation
There have been developed many medical decision support systems, such as MYCIN since the end of 1970's [2]. One of the most important problems of these decision support systems is that their input interface is based on verbal information and that they cannot handle multi-data, which causes the following two problems. First, users have to know correctly the meaning of medical technical terms on the input screen. However, medical experts who majors in respiratory diseases do not know technical terms in neurology usually. Therefore it is hard even for medical experts to use a medical expert system, which makes them difficult to apply to real-world situations. Second, we often need non-verbal information, such as visual images in order to understand medical technical terms, since those technical terms are closely related to those kinds of data. For example, a neurological symptom "ptosis" can be explained in words as shown in [1]. However, even medical experts cannot easily understand several technical terms in the explanation. Thus, if we can use visual images then it may be easier to understand those terms. Interestingly, those problems are also closely related not only to practical use, but also medical education. Medical education also needs non-verbal information, and the way how to describe non-verbal information by using technical terms. For example, medical students do not exactly know about ptosis. In order to understand this symptom, we need a picture or a photograph which shows a typical case of ptosis. In other words, medical education can be viewed as a process which learns the relations between verbal information and non-verbal information. Therefore, these problems suggest that medical intelligent systems should deal with many different kinds of data for practical use. Actually, medical da ta
7846033
Economic Advantage of Pharmacogenomics - Clinical Trials with Genetic Information
The purpose of this study is to clarify the benefit and loss for the pharmaceutical companies when they adopt introducing pharmacogenomics in their clinical trials (in the following description, clinical trials by using pharmacogenomics is called "pgx clinical trial"), that is, when they use genetic information in their clinical trials. Particularly, the benefit for the pharmaceutical companies in terms of following two points is analyzed. 1. Development cost of new drug and period of clinical trial can be reduced because a clinical trial needs less subjects, 2. The new drug can be placed on the market earlier because the development period can be shortened. A survey conducted by Japan Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Association revealed that the pharmaceutical companies in Japan are interested in "pgx clinical trial". Specifically, 95% of the member companies (n=19) of the Association replied that the establishment of a guideline for pgx clinical trial by regulatory authorities are highly desirable. However, 65% of them (n=13) also replied that pgx clinical trial is difficult for the time being. It can be concluded that the pharmaceutical companies are positive about pgx clinical trial, but they cannot take a step towards it for several reasons: some of them may be worried their sales for non-responders will be reduced, poor understanding of pgx among the concerned parties, and not matured methodology of pgx clinical trial. This study shows that the advantage of pgx clinical trial outweighs its disadvantage. The sales may decrease because the drug is not used for non-responders, however, the number of subjects necessary for a clinical trial can be reduced, study period can be shortened and the drug can be marketed earlier. Furthermore, adverse events (AE) and adverse drug reactions (ADR) during the clinical trial and post-marketing phase can be markedly reduced. This represents a great benefit for the patients, pharmaceutical companies and the society as a whole.
17400401
On-line Optimization of Avoidance Ability for Redundant Manipulator
This study is intended to build a controller of redundant manipulator with the simultaneous ability of trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance without any preparation of path planning to achieve full automation even for one production of one kind, while keeping the avoidance ability high and keeping its shape away from obstacle to reduce the possibility that the manipulator crashes to the obstacle. To evaluate the avoidance ability of the intermediate links, a scalar value of avoidance manipulability shape index (AMSI) was proposed, which is independent of the obstacle's shape. On the other hand, the danger to crash to the obstacle is depending on the shape of the obstacle, which could be evaluated by the potential field set around the obstacle. This paper just proposes a control method of the manipulator's shape based on avoidance manipulability shape index with potential (AMSIP) to simultaneously avoid obstacle and keep the avoidance ability high while tracking the hand trajectory
7071100
Telemedical support using real-time ultrasonography and endoscopy images
We developed a telecommunications apparatus (TMS-6101, NIHON KOHDEN WELLNESS CORPORATION, Tokyo, Japan) and evaluated its clinical utility as a telemedical support system. It is capable of transmitting on a real-time basis such vital signs as blood pressure, arterial O2 saturation and ECG recordings, which are measured at bedside using the Life-Mate monitor (NIHON KOHDEN WELLNESS Co.). It is also capable of transmitting moving video-camera pictures in real time. In this study we assessed its application for telemedical supports with particular emphasis on ultrasonography and endoscopy images since reports of such applications are lacking. Employing this system, several kinds of technically demanding endoscopic procedures were supported successfully under the supervision of at least one off-site specialist physician. The system proved to be a very useful medical resource, since it facilitated high quality medical care and specialist consultation at any location without those specialists traveling to the scene.
5444349
Threshold Correction of Document Image Binarization for Ruled-line Extraction
In this paper, a new threshold correction method for document image binarization that is forcused on ruled-line extraction is presented. This method enhances the binary image of a ruled line, which is often adversely influenced by adjacent text pixels or background noise.The threshold correction method consists of two submethods. One is a noise reduction method that is based on background determination, and the other is a threshold surface conversion method. Both these methods use the aspect of local straightness feature to distinguish ruled-line pixels from background pixels.
31262490
Equipment Operation by Motion Recognition with Wearable Wireless Acceleration Sensor
This paper proposes new system architecture for equipment operation based on the motion recognition using a 3-axis acceleration sensor. The small sensor is attached to the wrist with a band and is worn as a wearable device so as not to disturb body motion. The motion of the arm is detected by the acceleration sensor, and data are transmitted to the PC by Bluetooth signals. It has a wide detection range compared to video methods because the Bluetooth radio system has omni-directional characteristics. The data are analyzed using a DP matching method in the PC and the templates stored in advance are compared. Each template data correspond to the equipment operation. The IR signal is transmitted based on the results of matching and this signal operates the equipment. A television and a room light are selected for the system demonstration, and it is confirmed that turn on/off of each piece of equipment, changing channels and volume alternation can be performed through body motion.
206775678
Hybrid pen-input character recognition system based on integration of online-offline recognition
Describes a handwritten character recognition system that integrates offline recognition requiring a bitmap image and online recognition involving an input pattern as a sequence of x-y coordinates. Offline recognition performs well for painted or overwritten patterns (for which online recognition would not be suited), whereas online recognition is suitable for very deformed patterns (for which offline recognition is not suited). Because each method has different recognition capabilities, the methods complement each other when integrated together. We have implemented a hybrid handwritten character recognition system in which the recognition results of the offline and online recognizer are integrated to create an improved product. After testing several integration methods for a handwritten character database, we found that the best method increased the recognition rate from 73.8% (offline) and 84.8% (online) to 87.6% (integrated).