119152931
Specific heat and bimodality in canonical and grand canonical versions of the thermodynamic model
We address two issues in the thermodynamic model for nuclear disassembly. Surprisingly large differences in results for specific heat were seen in predictions from the canonical and grand canonical ensembles when the nuclear system passes from liquid-gas coexistence to the pure gas phase. We are able to pinpoint and understand the reasons for such and other discrepancies when they appear. There is a subtle but important difference in the physics addressed in the two models. In particular if we reformulate the parameters in the canonical model to better approximate the physics addressed in the grand canonical model, calculations for observables converge. Next we turn to the issue of bimodality in the probability distribution of the largest fragment in both canonical and grand canonical ensembles. We demonstrate that this distribution is very closely related to average multiplicities. The relationship of the bimodal distribution to phase transition is discussed.
14927510
A Transport Model for Nuclear Reactions Induced by Radioactive Beams
Major ingredients of an isospin and momentum dependent transport model for nuclear reactions induced by radioactive beams are outlined. Within the IBUU04 version of this model we study several experimental probes of the equation of state of neutron‐rich matter, especially the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy. Comparing with the recent experimental data from NSCL/MSU on isospin diffusion, we found a nuclear symmetry energy of Esym(ρ) ≈ 31.6(ρ/ρ0)1.05 at subnormal densities. Predictions on several observables sensitive to the density dependence of the symmetry energy at supranormal densities accessible at GSI and the planned Rare Isotope Accelerator (RIA) are also made.
2820708
Transverse momenta, nuclear equation of state, and momentum-dependent interactions in heavy-ion collisions.
We investigate the generation of transverse momentum in high-energy heavy-ion collisions and its relation to the nuclear equation of state. We find that streamer chamber data can be fitted by Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck calculations with a momentum-dependent potential that closely models realistic nuclear matter interactions and yields an equation of state with {ital K}=215 MeV.
16308546
First Order Phase Transition in Intermediate-Energy Heavy Ion Collisions
We model the disassembly of an excited nuclear system formed as a result of a heavy ion collision. We find that, as the beam energy in central collisions in varied, the dissociating system crosses a liquid-gas coexistence curve, resulting in a first-order phase transition. Accessible experimental signatures are identified: a peak in specific heat, a power-law yield for composites, and a maximum in the second moment of the yield distribution.
119186084
Bimodality and Coulomb effects with a canonical thermodynamic model
Abstract The effect of the Coulomb interaction on the phase diagram of finite nuclei is studied within the Canonical Thermodynamic Model. If Coulomb effects are artificially switched off, this model shows a phenomenology consistent with the liquid–gas phase transition. The inclusion of Coulomb does not significantly affect the phase diagram but it drastically modifies the nature and order parameter of the transition. A clear understanding of the phenomenon can be achieved looking at the distribution of the largest fragment produced in each fragmentation event. Possible connections with experimental observations are outlined.
121836312
Excluded volume in nuclear fragmentation
118666767
Relativistic diffusion and heavy-ion collisions
We study first- and second-order theories of relativistic diffusion coupled to hydrodynamics under the approximation, valid at midrapidity in the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) and the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC), that conserved number densities are much smaller than the entropy density. We identify experimentally accessible quantities of interest and show that the first- and second-order theories may lead to radically different evolutions of these quantities. In the first-order theory the memory of the initial state is almost completely washed out, whereas in the second-order theory it is possible that freeze-out occurs at a time when transient dynamics is still on and the memory of the initial state remains. There are observational consequences that we touch upon. In the first-order theory, and for initial conditions when the second-order theory mimics the first-order theory, one may be able to put a bound on the diffusion constant.
55857529
Continuum thermodynamics of the SU(N) gauge theory
The thermodynamics of the deconfined phase of the SU(N) gauge theory is studied. Careful study is made of the approach to the continuum limit. The latent heat of the deconfinement transition is studied, for the theories with 3, 4 and 6 colors. Continuum estimates of various thermodynamic quantities are studied, and the approach to conformality investigated. The bulk thermodynamic quantities at different N are compared, to investigate the validity of ’tHooft scaling at these values of N.
41569642
Speed of sound and specific heat in the QCD plasma: Hydrodynamics, fluctuations, and conformal symmetry
We report the continuum limits of the speed of sound, ${C}_{s}$, and the specific heat at constant volume, ${C}_{V}$, in quenched QCD at temperatures of $2{T}_{c}$ and $3{T}_{c}$. At these temperatures, ${C}_{s}$ is within 2-$\ensuremath{\sigma}$ of the ideal gas value, whereas ${C}_{V}$ differs significantly from the ideal gas. However, both are compatible with results expected in a theory with conformal symmetry. We investigate effective measures of conformal symmetry in the high temperature phase of QCD.
121600035
The physical degrees of freedom in hot quenched QCD
Abstract We demonstrate the absence of a low-lying bosonic pole in the spectral function for the pseudoscalar meson channel for T > T c . We also extract a set of effective four-Fermi couplings and show that this is small inthe vector channel for all T > T c , but not in the pseudovector channel. A perturbative estimate is compatible with this result. The computations have been performed in quenched QCD on lattices with N τ = 4.
121323084
Microscopic nucleon optical model potential at low energies
Nuclear optical model potentials at low energies have been computed utilizing the two (Micro I and Micro II) versions of the microscopic optical model of Jeukenne et al. A comparison has been made of the experimental nucleon-nucleus interaction data for E<10 MeV with the theoretical predictions obtained using the microscopic optical model.