15700414
Diagnosing the PEP-II Injection System
The injection of beam into the PEP-II B-Factory, especially into the High Energy Ring (HER) has some challenges. A high background level in the BaBar detector has for a while inhibited us from trickling charge into the HER similar to the Low Energy Ring (LER). Analyzing the injection system has revealed many issues which could be improved. The injection bump between two kickers was not closed, mainly because the phase advance wasn't exactly 180{sup o} and the two kicker strengths were not balanced. Additionally we found reflections which kick the stored beam after the main kick and cause the average luminosity to drop about 3% for a 10 Hz injection rate. The strength of the overall kick is nearly twice as high as the design, indicating a much bigger effective septum thickness. Compared with single beam the background is worse when the HER beam is colliding with the LER beam. This hints that the beam-beam force and the observed vertical blow-up in the HER pushes the beam and especially the injected beam further out to the edge of the dynamic aperture or beyond.
110722988
The prototype solid state induction modulator for SLAC NLC
The Next Linear Collider accelerator proposal at SLAC requires a high efficiency, highly reliable, and low cost pulsed power modulator to drive the X band klystrons. The present NLC envisions a solid-state induction modulator design to drive up to 8 klystrons to 500kV for 3/spl mu/s at 120 PPS with one modulator (>1,000 megawatt pulse, 500kW average). A prototype modulator is presently under construction, which well power 4 each 5045 SLAC klystron to greater than 380kV for 3/spl mu/s (>600 megawatt pulse, >300kW Ave.). The modulator will be capable of driving the 8 each X band klystrons when they become available. The paper covers the design, construction, fabrication and preliminary testing of the prototype modulator.
109841692
A solid state induction modulator for SLAC NLC
The Next Linear Collider accelerator proposal at SLAC requires a high efficiency, highly reliable, and low cost pulsed-power modulator to drive the 500 KV, 260A X band klystrons. With a pulse width of less than 1.5 microseconds, it is difficult for the present SLAC type modulator with conventional pulse transformer to have a high efficiency due primarily to the inherently slow rise and fall time of the video pulse. The proposed induction modulator utilises a pulse transformer similar to an induction accelerator driven by solid state high voltage IGBTs. The performance of the IGBTs, induction cores and a low voltage model will be discussed as well as the design and construction of a prototype modulator capable of driving up to 8 of the X band klystrons.
56159606
A pulsed modulator power supply for the g-2 muon storage ring injection kicker
This paper describes the pulse modulator power supplies used to drive the kicker magnets that inject the muon beam into the g-2 storage ring that has been built at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Three modulators built into coaxial structures consisting of a series circuit of an energy storage capacitor, a damping resistor and a fast thyratron switch are used to energize three magnets that kick the beam into the proper orbit. A 100 kV charging power supply is used to charge the capacitor to 95 kV. The damping resistor shapes the magnet current waveform to a 450 nanosecond half-sine to match the injection requirements. This paper discusses the modulator design, construction and operation.
122046977
Effect of resonance production on angular correlation between pions
angular correlations between pions produced in the six-prong intaractions of K/sup +/p at 12.7 GeV/c in order to suppress the influence of peripherally produced resonances. These results are compared with the values previously determined using space angles. (auth)
58919321
BASELINE DESIGN OF THE LINAC UPGRADE FOR FERMI
The FERMI FEL requires a major upgrade of the existing Linac, which needs to be transformed from being the injector for the ELETTRA light source, to becoming the source for the FERMI FEL. In this work, we present the baseline design, including the integration of the 7 additional systems from the LIL Linac, and one X-band station as a linearizer. We will present the new layout with the required modifications and additions to the existing infrastructure to meet the more demanding needs of the system. Such modifications include a new RF controller, improvements in the modulator stability and an upgrade to the average power capabilities of the system to operate up to 50 Hz.
22467228
Effectively universal behavior of rotating neutron stars in general relativity makes them even simpler than their Newtonian counterparts.
Recently, it was shown that slowly rotating neutron stars exhibit an interesting correlation between their moment of inertia I, their quadrupole moment Q, and their tidal deformation Love number λ (the I-Love-Q relations), independently of the equation of state of the compact object. In the present Letter a similar, more general, universality is shown to hold true for all rotating neutron stars within general relativity; the first four multipole moments of the neutron star are related in a way independent of the nuclear matter equation of state we assume. By exploiting this relation, we can describe quite accurately the geometry around a neutron star with fewer parameters, even if we don't know precisely the equation of state. Furthermore, this universal behavior displayed by neutron stars could promote them to a more promising class of candidates (next to black holes) for testing theories of gravity.
118302289
Matching of analytical and numerical solutions for neutron stars of arbitrary rotation
We demonstrate the results of an attempt to match the two-soliton analytical solution with the numerically produced solutions of the Einstein field equations, that describe the spacetime exterior of rotating neutron stars, for arbitrary rotation. The matching procedure is performed by equating the first four multipole moments of the analytical solution to the multipole moments of the numerical one. We then argue that in order to check the effectiveness of the matching of the analytical with the numerical solution we should compare the metric components, the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit (RISCO), the rotation frequency and the epicyclic frequencies ??, ?z. Finally we present some results of the comparison.
73697159
An all-purpose metric for the exterior of any kind of rotating neutron star
We have tested the appropriateness of two-soliton analytic metric to describe the exterior of all types of neutron stars, no matter what their equation of state or rotation rate is. The particular analytic solution of the vacuum Einstein equations proved quite adjustable to mimic the metric functions of all numerically constructed neutron star models that we used as a testbed. The neutron star models covered a wide range of stiffness, with regard to the equation of state of their interior, and all rotation rates up to the maximum possible rotation rate allowed for each such star. Apart from the metric functions themselves, we have compared the radius of the innermost stable circular orbit RISCO, the orbital frequency � ≡ dφ dt of circular geodesics, and their epicyclic frequencies � ρ, � z, as well as the change of the energy of circular orbits per logarithmic change of orbital frequency � ˜ E. All these quantities, calculated by means of the two-soliton analytic metric, fitted with good accuracy the corresponding numerical ones as in previous analogous comparisons (although previous attempts were restricted to neutron star models with either high or low rotation rates). We believe that this particular analytic solution could be considered as an analytic faithful representation of the gravitation field of any rotating neutron star with such accuracy, that one could explore the interior structure of a neutron star by using this space–time to interpret observations of astrophysical processes that take place around it.
118425467
What can quasi-periodic oscillations tell us about the structure of the corresponding compact objects?
We show how one can estimate the multipole moments of the space-time, assuming that the quasi-periodic modulations of the X-ray flux (quasi-periodic oscillations), observed from accreting neutron stars or black holes, are due to orbital and precession frequencies (relativistic precession model). The precession frequenciesand z can be expressed as expansions on the orbital frequency , in which the moments enter the coefficients in a prescribed form. Thus, observations can be fittedto these expressions in order to evaluate the moments. If the compact object is a neutron star, constrains can be imposed on the equation of state. The same analysis can be used for black holes as a test for the validity of the no-hair theorem. Alternatively, instead of fitting for the moments, observations can be matched to frequencies calculated from analytic models that are produced so as to correspond to realistic neutron stars described by various equations of state. Observations can thus be used to constrain the equation of state and possibly other physical parameters (mass, rotation, quadrupole, etc.) Some distinctive features of the frequencies, which become evident by using the analytic models, are discussed.
123174300
A Newtonian problem as an insightful tool for the behavior of gravitational-wave sources
We present the intriguing mathematical and physical similarities arising from the study of the Kerr metric and the Euler's problem of two fixed gravitational centers. We show how one could extend these similarities to physical problems that emerge from the above integrable problems, when both are slightly perturbed.