9177547
TOPOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF THE MANY VORTICES SOLUTION IN JACKIW–PI MODEL
By using the gauge potential decomposition, we discuss the self-dual equation and its solution in Jackiw–Pi model. We obtain a new concrete self-dual equation and find relationship between Chern–Simons vortices solution and topological number which is determined by Hopf indices and Brouwer degrees of Ψ-mapping. To show the meaning of topological number we give several figures with different topological numbers. In order to investigate the topological properties of many vortices, we use five parameters (two positions, one scale, one phase per vortex and one charge of each vortex) to describe each vortex in many vortices solutions in Jackiw–Pi model. For many vortices, we give three figures with different topological numbers to show the effect of the charge on the many vortices solutions. We also study the quantization of flux of those vortices related to the topological numbers in this case.
120706090
DECOMPOSITION OF THE SEMI-SIMPLE GROUP CONNECTION AND COSMIC STRINGS IN THE LORENTZ SPACETIME
In a previous paper, we addressed the method of Abelian decomposition to the case of SU(N) Yang–Mills theory. Here, we extend the decomposition method further to the general case. With the Cartan–Weyl basis we decompose semisimple group connection and discuss the SO(3,1) group in particular. In terms of the vierbein projection, we propose two two-forms as the U(1) gauge fields in the SO(3,1) gauge theory and show that these two-forms are just the different cosmic string tensors. Meanwhile, these two-forms indicate that the cosmic strings appear naturally in the Lorentz spacetime, i.e. the torsion in the Riemann–Cartan spacetime is not necessary for the cosmic strings.
122164804
Four-Dimensional Newton’s Constant in Brane World with a Sloping Extra Dimension
We show the four-dimensional Newton’s constant obtained naturally from five-dimensional brane world with a tinily sloping extra dimension, which is independent of the bulk Weyl tensor. The corresponding universe is stiff fluid dominated when the slope of extra dimension is very small. Otherwise, the universe may be undergoing a self-acceleration at present epoch and have a decelerated phase in very recent past.
121146051
The single vortex in the FFLO state
In this Letter, we study the generalized Ginzburg-Landau (GL) functional near the tricritical temperature, and obtain the vortex solution of the FFLO state. Furthermore, we investigate the structure of the vortex and find that the vortices shrink when the Zeeman effect is weaken or temperature is lowered. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
118464609
The Equation of State for Scalar-Tensor Gravity
We show that the field equation of Brans-Dicke gravity and scalar-tensor gravity can be derived as the equation of state of Rindler spacetime, where the local thermodynamic equilibrium is maintained. Our derivation implies that the effective energy cannot feel the heat flow across the Rindler horizon.
118526208
Weyl symmetric structure of QCD vacuum
We consider Weyl symmetric structure of the classical vacuum in quantum chromodynamics. In the framework of formalism of gauge invariant Abelian projection, we show that classical vacuums can be constructed in terms of Killing vector fields on the group $SU(3)$. Consequently, homotopic classes of Killing vector fields determine the topological structure of the vacuum. In particular, the second homotopy group ${\ensuremath{\pi}}_{2}(SU(3)/U(1)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}U(1))$ describes all topologically nonequivalent vacuums that are classified by two topological numbers. Starting with a given Killing vector field, one can construct vacuums forming a Weyl sextet representation. An interesting feature of $SU(3)$ gauge theory is that it admits a Weyl symmetric vacuum represented by a linear superposition of the vacuums from the Weyl vacuum sextet. A nontrivial manifestation of the Weyl symmetry is demonstrated on monopole solutions. We construct a family of finite energy monopole solutions in Yang-Mills-Higgs theory that includes the Weyl monopole sextet. We conjecture that a similar Weyl symmetric vacuum structure can be realized at quantum level in quantum chromodynamics.
16130045
Isolating the Decay Rate of Cosmological Gravitational Potential
The decay rate of cosmological gravitational potential measures the deviation from Einstein-de Sitter universe and can put strong constraints on the nature of dark energy and gravity. The usual method to measure this decay rate is through the integrated Sachs-Wolfe (ISW) effect-large-scale structure (LSS) cross-correlation. However, the interpretation of the measured correlation signal is complicated by galaxy bias and the matter power spectrum. This could bias and/or degrade its constraints on the nature of dark energy and gravity. But combining the lensing-LSS cross-correlation measurements, the decay rate of gravitational potential can be isolated. For any given narrow redshift bin of LSS, the ratio of the two cross-correlations directly measures H(z)/W(χ, χs), where D is the linear growth factor of the gravitational potential, H is the Hubble constant at redshift z, W(χ, χs) is the lensing kernel, and χ and χs are the comoving angular diameter distance to lens and source, respectively. This method is optimal in the sense that (1) the measured quantity is essentially free of systematic errors and is only limited by cosmic variance, and (2) the measured quantity depends only on several cosmological parameters and can be predicted from first principles unambiguously. Although fundamentally limited by the inevitably large cosmic variance associated with the ISW measurements, it can still put useful independent constraints on the amount of dark energy and its equation of state. It can also provide a powerful test of modified gravity and can distinguish the Dvali-Gabadadze-Porrati model from ΛCDM at >2.5 σ confidence level.
119091401
The dark flow induced small-scale kinetic Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect
Recently, Kashlinsky et al. reported a discovery of a similar to 10(3) km s(-1) bulk flow of the Universe out to z similar or equal to 0.3, through the dark flow induced cosmic microwave background (CMB) dipole in directions of clusters. We point out that, if this dark flow exists, it will also induce observable CMB temperature fluctuations at multipole l similar to 10(3), through modulation of the inhomogeneous electron distribution on the uniform dark flow. The induced small-scale kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich (SZ) effect will reach similar to 1 mu K-2 at multipole 10(3) less than or similar to l less than or similar to 10(4), only a factor of similar to 2 smaller than the conventional kinetic SZ effect. Furthermore, it will be correlated with the large-scale structure (LSS) and its correlation with Two-Micron All-Sky Survey (2MASS) galaxy distribution reaches 0.3 mu K at l = 10(3), under a directional dependent optimal weighting scheme. We estimate that, Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe plus 2MASS should already be able to detect this dark flow induced small-scale kinetic SZ effect with similar to 6 sigma confidence. Deeper galaxy surveys such as the Sloan Digital Sky Survey can further improve the measurement. Planck plus existing galaxy surveys can reach greater than or similar to 14 sigma detection. Existing CMB-LSS cross-correlation measurements shall be reanalysed to test the existence of the dark flow and, if it exists, shall be used to eliminate possible bias on the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect measurement through the CMB-LSS cross-correlation.
33176505
First Beam Spectra of SC Third Harmonic Cavity at FLASH
Third harmonic superconducting cavities have been designed and fabricated by FNAL to minimise the energy spread along bunches in the FLASH facility at DESY. A module, consisting of four nine-cell 3.9 GHz cavities, has been installed in FLASH. The first measurement with beam excitation is presented, and the comparisons to transmission measurement without beam and simulations are made. Higher order modes (HOMs) are able to propagate to adjacent cavities through attached beam tubes. Modes from 1.3 GHz cavities in the module nearby also propagate into this module.
119275711
Exact analytical solution of the linear structure growth rate in Lambda CDM cosmology and its cosmological applications
We derive the exact analytical solution of the linear structure growth rate in {Lambda}CDM cosmology with flat or curved geometry, under the Newtonian gauge. Unlike the well known solution under the Newtonian limit [D. J. Heath, Mon. Not. R. Astron. Soc. 179, 351 (1977)], our solution takes all general relativistic corrections into account and is hence valid at both the sub- and superhorizon scales. With this exact solution, we evaluate cosmological impacts induced by these relativistic corrections. (1) General relativistic corrections alter the density growth from z=100 to z=0 by 10% at k=0.01 h/Mpc and the impact becomes stronger toward larger scales. We caution the readers that the overdensity is not gauge invariant and the above statement is restrained to the Newtonian gauge. (2) Relativistic corrections introduce a k{sup -2} scale dependence in the density fluctuation. It mimics a primordial non-Gaussianity of the local type with f{sub NL}{sup local{approx}}1. This systematical error may become non-negligible for future all sky deep galaxy surveys. (3) Cosmological simulations with box size greater than 1 Gpc are also affected by these relativistic corrections. We provide a postprocessing recipe to correct for these effects. (4) These relativistic corrections affect the redshift distortion. However, at redshiftsmore » and scales relevant to redshift distortion measurements, such effect is negligible.« less
124560798
Lensing of 21cm Absorption "Halos" of First Galaxies