119226760
Tree-level recursion relation and dual superconformal symmetry of the ABJM theory
We propose a recursion relation for tree-level scattering amplitudes in three-dimensional Chern-Simons-matter theories. The recursion relation involves a complex deformation of momenta which generalizes the BCFW-deformation used in higher dimensions. Using background field methods, we show that all tree-level superamplitudes of the ABJM theory vanish for large deformations, establishing the validity of the recursion formula. Furthermore, we use the recursion relation to compute six-point and eight-point component amplitudes and match them with independent computations based on Feynman diagrams or the Grassmannian integral formula. As an application of the recursion relation, we prove that all tree-level amplitudes of the ABJM theory have dual superconformal symmetry. Using generalized unitarity methods, we extend this symmetry to the cut-constructible parts of the loop amplitudes.
116887100
Color-kinematics duality for pure Yang-Mills and gravity at one and two loops
We provide evidence in favor of the conjectured duality between color and kinematics for the case of nonsupersymmetric pure Yang-Mills amplitudes by constructing a form of the one-loop four-point amplitude of this theory that makes the duality manifest. Our construction is valid in any dimension. We also describe a duality-satisfying representation for the two-loop four-point amplitude with identical four-dimensional external helicities. We use these results to obtain corresponding gravity integrands for a theory containing a graviton, dilaton, and antisymmetric tensor, simply by replacing color factors with specified diagram numerators. Using this, we give explicit forms of ultraviolet divergences at one loop in four, six, and eight dimensions, and at two loops in four dimensions.
204870486
Absence of Three-Loop Four-Point Divergences in N = 4 Supergravity
Recent years have seen a resurgence of interest in the possibility that certain supergravity theories may be ultraviolet finite. This question had been carefully studied in the late 70’s and early 80’s in the hope of using supergravity to construct fundamental theories of gravity. The conclusion of these early studies was that nonrenormalizable ultraviolet divergences would almost certainly appear at a sufficiently large number of quantum loops, though this remains unproven. Although supersymmetry tends to tame the ultraviolet divergences, it does not appear to be sufficient to overcome the increasingly poor ultraviolet behavior of gravity theories stemming from the two-derivative coupling. The consensus opinion from that era was that all pure supergravity theories would likely diverge at three loops (see e.g. ref. [1]), though with assumptions, certain divergences are perhaps delayed a few extra loop orders [2].
6593967
String interactions on the random lattice
Abstract We combine two partons on a random lattice as a vector state. In the ladder approximation, we find that such states have 1 / p 2 propagators (after tuning the mass to vanish). We also construct some diagrams which are very similar to 3-string vertices in string field theory for the first oscillator mode. Attaching 3 such lattice states to these vertices, we get Yang–Mills and F 3 interactions up to 3-point as from bosonic string (field) theory. This gives another view of a gauge field as a bound state in a theory whose only fundamental fields are scalars.
119182093
ABJM amplitudes and the positive orthogonal Grassmannian
A bstractA remarkable connection between perturbative scattering amplitudes of four dimensional planar SYM, and the stratification of the positive Grassmannian, was revealed in the seminal work of Arkani-Hamed et al. Similar extension for three-dimensional ABJM theory was proposed. Here we establish a direct connection between planar scattering amplitudes of ABJM theory, and singularities thereof, to the stratification of the positive orthogonal Grassmannian. In particular, scattering processes are constructed through on-shell diagrams, which are simply iterative gluing of the fundamental four-point amplitude. Each diagram is then equivalent to the merging of fundamental OG2 orthogonal Grassmannian to form a larger OGk, where 2k is the number of external particles. The invariant information that is encoded in each diagram is precisely this stratification. This information can be easily read off via permutation paths of the on-shell diagram, which also can be used to derive a canonical representation of OGk that manifests the vanishing of consecutive minors as the singularity of all on-shell diagrams. Quite remarkably, for the BCFW recursion representation of the tree-level amplitudes, the on-shell diagram manifests the presence of all physical factorization poles, as well as the cancellation of the spurious poles. After analytically continuing the orthogonal Grassmannian to split signature, we reveal that each on-shell diagram in fact resides in the positive cell of the orthogonal Grassmannian, where all minors are positive. In this language, the amplitudes of ABJM theory is simply an integral of a product of d log forms, over the positive orthogonal Grassmannian.
119283232
On three-algebra and bi-fundamental matter amplitudes and integrability of supergravity
A bstractWe explore tree-level amplitude relations for SU(N) × SU(M) bi-fundamental matter theories. Embedding the group-theory structure in a Lie three-algebra, we derive Kleiss-Kuijf-like relations for bi-fundamental matter theories in general dimension. We investigate the three-algebra color-kinematics duality for these theories. Unlike the Yang-Mills two-algebra case, the three-algebra Bern-Carrasco-Johansson relations depend on the spacetime dimension and on the detailed symmetry properties of the structure constants. We find the presence of such relations in three and two dimensions, and absence in D > 3. Surprisingly, beyond six point, such relations are absent in the Aharony-Bergman-Jafferis-Maldacena theory for general gauge group, while the Bagger-Lambert-Gustavsson theory, and its supersymmetry truncations, obey the color-kinematics duality like clockwork. At four and six points the relevant partial amplitudes of the two theories are bijectively related, explaining previous results in the literature. In D = 2 the color-kinematics duality gives results consistent with integrability of two-dimensional $ \mathcal{N} $ = 16 supergravity: the four-point amplitude satisfies a Yang-Baxter equation; the six- and eight-point amplitudes vanish for certain kinematics away from factorization channels, as expected from integrability.
118537145
Slow-roll inflation preceded by a topological defect phase à la Chaplygin gas
We present a simple toy model corresponding to a network of frustrated topological defects of domain walls or cosmic strings that exist previous to the standard slow-roll inflationary era of the universe. Such a network (i) can produce a slower inflationary era than that of the standard scenario if it corresponds to a network of frustrated domain walls or (ii) can induce a vanishing universal acceleration; i.e., the universe would expand at a constant speed, if it corresponds to a network of frustrated cosmic strings red. Those features are phenomenologically modeled by a Chaplygin gas that can interpolate between a network of frustrated topological defects and a de Sitter-like or a power-law inflationary era. We show that this scenario can alleviate the quadruple anomaly of the cosmic microwave background spectrum. Using the method of the Bogoliubov coefficients, we obtain the spectrum of the gravitational waves as would be measured today for the whole range of frequencies. We comment on the possible detection of this spectrum by the planned detectors like BBO and DECIGO.
118336548
Inflation in general covariant theory of gravity
In this paper, we study inflation in the framework of the nonrelativistic general covariant theory of the Hořava-Lifshitz gravity with the projectability condition and an arbitrary coupling constant λ. We find that the Friedmann-Robterson-Walker (FRW) universe is necessarily flat in such a setup. We work out explicitly the linear perturbations of the flat FRW universe without specifying to a particular gauge, and find that the perturbations are different from those obtained in general relativity, because of the presence of the high-order spatial derivative terms. Applying the general formulas to a single scalar field, we show that in the sub-horizon regions, the metric and scalar field are tightly coupled and have the same oscillating frequencies. In the super-horizon regions, the perturbations become adiabatic, and the comoving curvature perturbation is constant. We also calculate the power spectra and indices of both the scalar and tensor perturbations, and express them explicitly in terms of the slow roll parameters and the coupling constants of the high-order spatial derivative terms. In particular, we find that the perturbations, of both scalar and tensor, are almost scale-invariant, and, with some reasonable assumptions on the coupling coefficients, the spectrum index of the tensor perturbation is the same as that given in the minimum scenario in general relativity (GR), whereas the index for scalar perturbation in general depends on λ and is different from the standard GR value. The ratio of the scalar and tensor power spectra depends on the high-order spatial derivative terms, and can be different from that of GR significantly.
117084548
Determinations of the mass of the top quark.
59329097
Stability of the de Sitter spacetime in Horava-Lifshitz theory
The stability of de Sitter spacetime in Horava–Lifshitz theory of gravity with projectability but without detailed balance condition is studied. It is found that, in contrast to the case of the Minkowski background, the spin-0 graviton is now stable for any given ξ, and free of ghost for ξ ≤ 0 in the infrared limit, where ξ is the dynamical coupling constant.
53370258
Two-particle azimuthal angle correlations and azimuthal charge balance function in relativistic heavy ion collisions
The two-particle azimuthal angle correlation (TPAC) and azimuthal charge balance function (ACBF) are used to study the anisotropic expansion in relativistic heavy ion collisions. It is demonstrated by the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics (RQMD) model and a multi-phase transport (AMPT) model that the small-angle correlation in TPAC indeed presents anisotropic expansion, and the large-angle (or back-to-back) correlation is mainly due to global momentum conservations. The AMPT model reproduces the observed TPAC, but the RQMD model fails to reproduce the strong correlations in both small and large azimuthal angles. The width of ACBF from RQMD and AMPT models decreases from peripheral to central collisions, consistent with experimental data, but in contrast to the expectation from thermal model calculations. The ACBF is insensitive to anisotropic expansion. It is a probe for the mechanism of hadronization, similar to the charge balance function in rapidity.