5390740
Inference of Molecular Phylogenetic Tree Based on Minimum Model-Based Complexity Method
In this study, starting with a newly introduced concept of data complexity ("empirical data complexity"), we specify the concept of complexity more concretely in relation to mathematical modeling and introduce "model-based complexity (MBC)". Inductive inference based on the minimum model-based complexity method is then applied to the reconstruction of molecular evolutionary tree from DNA sequences. We find that minimum MBC method has good asymptotic property when DNA sequence lengths approach to infinite and compensates the bias of maximum likelihood method due to the difference of tree topology complexity. The efficiency of minimum MBC method for reconstruction of molecular tree is studied by computer simulation, and results suggest that this method is superior to the traditional maximum likelihood method or its modification by Akaike's AIC.
29142536
Algebraic Formulation of Empirical Learning Methods Based on Rough Sets and Matroid Theory
5781949
Automated Discovery of Medical Expert System Rules from Clinical Databases Based on Rough Sets
Automated knowledge acquisition is an important research issue to solve the bottleneck problem in developing expert systems. Although many inductive learning methods have been proposed for this purpose, most of the approaches focus only on inducing classification rules. However, medical experts also learn other information important for diagnosis from clinical cases. In this paper, a rule induction method is introduced, which extracts not only classification rules but also other medical knowledge needed for diagnosis. This system is evaluated on a clinical database of headache, whose experimental results show that our proposed method correctly induces diagnostic rules and estimates the statistical measures of rules.
206639604
COBRA: Integration of Knowledge-Bases with Case-Databases in the Domain of Congenital Malformation
There have been developed many medical decision support systems, such as MYCIN since the end of 1970's [2]. One of the most important problems of these decision support systems is that their input interface is based on verbal information and that they cannot handle multi-data, which causes the following two problems. First, users have to know correctly the meaning of medical technical terms on the input screen. However, medical experts who majors in respiratory diseases do not know technical terms in neurology usually. Therefore it is hard even for medical experts to use a medical expert system, which makes them difficult to apply to real-world situations. Second, we often need non-verbal information, such as visual images in order to understand medical technical terms, since those technical terms are closely related to those kinds of data. For example, a neurological symptom "ptosis" can be explained in words as shown in [1]. However, even medical experts cannot easily understand several technical terms in the explanation. Thus, if we can use visual images then it may be easier to understand those terms. Interestingly, those problems are also closely related not only to practical use, but also medical education. Medical education also needs non-verbal information, and the way how to describe non-verbal information by using technical terms. For example, medical students do not exactly know about ptosis. In order to understand this symptom, we need a picture or a photograph which shows a typical case of ptosis. In other words, medical education can be viewed as a process which learns the relations between verbal information and non-verbal information. Therefore, these problems suggest that medical intelligent systems should deal with many different kinds of data for practical use. Actually, medical da ta
13465014
Topology Selection in Unrooted Molecular Phylogenetic Tree By Minimum Model-Based Complexity Method
In reconstruction of phylogenetic trees from molecular data, it has been pointed out that multifurcate phylogenetic trees are difficult to be correctly reconstructed by the conventional methods like maximum likelihood method(ML). In order to resolve this problem, we have been engaged in developing a new phylogenetic tree reconstruction method, based on the minimum complexity principle widely used in the inductive inference. Our method, which we call "minimum model-based complexity (MBC) method", has been proved so far to be efficient in estimating multifurcate branching when the tree is described in the form of rooted one. In this study, we make further investigations about the efficiency of MBC method in estimating the multifurcation in unrooted phylogenetic trees. To do so, we conduct computer simulation in which the estimations by MBC method are compared with those by ML, AIC and statistical test approach. The results show that MBC method also provides good estimations even in the case of multifurcate unrooted trees and suggest that it could be generally used for reconstruction of phylogenetic tree having arbitrary multifurcations.
6820086
BioCichlid: central dogma-based 3D visualization system of time-course microarray data on a hierarchical biological network
SUMMARY
BioCichlid is a 3D visualization system of time-course microarray data on molecular networks, aiming at interpretation of gene expression data by transcriptional relationships based on the central dogma with physical and genetic interactions. BioCichlid visualizes both physical (protein) and genetic (regulatory) network layers, and provides animation of time-course gene expression data on the genetic network layer. Transcriptional regulations are represented to bridge the physical network (transcription factors) and genetic network (regulated genes) layers, thus integrating promoter analysis into the pathway mapping. BioCichlid enhances the interpretation of microarray data and allows for revealing the underlying mechanisms causing differential gene expressions.


AVAILABILITY
BioCichlid is freely available and can be accessed at http://newton.tmd.ac.jp/. Source codes for both biocichlid server and client are also available.
46587618
Architecture of TMN-based integrated management system for SDH/PDH mixed large-scale transport network
For efficient and integrated network management of SDH/PDH mixed large-scale transport networks, KDD has developed a TMN-based integrated management system. This paper describes an architecture of the system and its implementation. The features of the architecture are: (1) to employ a distributed system configuration based on TMN multi-layered functional architecture, (2) to newly define an integrated management information model which unifies different management information models for many kinds of NEs (Network Elements) and which enables us to manage a network with mixed SDH and PDH hierarchies of, and (3) to introduce a new alarm correlation mechanism for high system performance.
206775678
Hybrid pen-input character recognition system based on integration of online-offline recognition
Describes a handwritten character recognition system that integrates offline recognition requiring a bitmap image and online recognition involving an input pattern as a sequence of x-y coordinates. Offline recognition performs well for painted or overwritten patterns (for which online recognition would not be suited), whereas online recognition is suitable for very deformed patterns (for which offline recognition is not suited). Because each method has different recognition capabilities, the methods complement each other when integrated together. We have implemented a hybrid handwritten character recognition system in which the recognition results of the offline and online recognizer are integrated to create an improved product. After testing several integration methods for a handwritten character database, we found that the best method increased the recognition rate from 73.8% (offline) and 84.8% (online) to 87.6% (integrated).
17400401
On-line Optimization of Avoidance Ability for Redundant Manipulator
This study is intended to build a controller of redundant manipulator with the simultaneous ability of trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance without any preparation of path planning to achieve full automation even for one production of one kind, while keeping the avoidance ability high and keeping its shape away from obstacle to reduce the possibility that the manipulator crashes to the obstacle. To evaluate the avoidance ability of the intermediate links, a scalar value of avoidance manipulability shape index (AMSI) was proposed, which is independent of the obstacle's shape. On the other hand, the danger to crash to the obstacle is depending on the shape of the obstacle, which could be evaluated by the potential field set around the obstacle. This paper just proposes a control method of the manipulator's shape based on avoidance manipulability shape index with potential (AMSIP) to simultaneously avoid obstacle and keep the avoidance ability high while tracking the hand trajectory
5444349
Threshold Correction of Document Image Binarization for Ruled-line Extraction
In this paper, a new threshold correction method for document image binarization that is forcused on ruled-line extraction is presented. This method enhances the binary image of a ruled line, which is often adversely influenced by adjacent text pixels or background noise.The threshold correction method consists of two submethods. One is a noise reduction method that is based on background determination, and the other is a threshold surface conversion method. Both these methods use the aspect of local straightness feature to distinguish ruled-line pixels from background pixels.
27278741
An e-mail environment with handwriting using the HandsDraw digital ink format
This paper proposes a handwriting-based e-mail environment system, including the HandsDraw format, whose facilities include the reading and writing of handwritten massages, their transmission and reception, annotations or comments by recipients, confirmation of the author and time of writing, and reproduction of handwriting. The system has a user interface which is friendly even to a beginner, and can handle more expressive massages on the Internet. The system is regarded as an advanced mobile communication terminal of the kind which has been fashionable recently. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of pen input, encircling (lasso) selection and a button interface are used for dialogue. Users' opinions (collected by questionnaires, on the Internet, and from laboratory use of the system for 2 1/2 years) confirm all of the functions of the system. Some respondents have suggested the conversion of handwritten characters to a type font (rather than sending them directly) by using the character-recognition facility in this system. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 33(14): 101–109, 2002; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/scj.1180