119224312
Quark Polarization in a Viscous Quark-Gluon Plasma
Nuclear Science Division, MS 70R0319, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA(Dated: August 30, 2011)Quarks produced in the early stage of non-central heavy-ion collisions could develop a global spinpolarization along the opposite direction of the reaction plane due to the spin-orbital coupling viaparton interaction in a medium that has ﬁnite longitudinal ﬂow shear along the direction of theimpact parameter. We study how such polarization evolves via multiple scattering in a viscousquark-gluon plasma with an initial laminar ﬂow. The ﬁnal polarization is found to be sensitive tothe viscosity and the initial shear of local longitudinal ﬂow.
118638548
Phase diagram of dilute nuclear matter: Unconventional pairing and the BCS-BEC crossover
We report on a comprehensive study of the phase structure of cold, dilute nuclear matter featuring a ${}^{3}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{S}_{1}$-${}^{3}\phantom{\rule{-0.16em}{0ex}}{D}_{1}$ condensate at nonzero isospin asymmetry, within wide ranges of temperatures and densities. We find a rich phase diagram comprising three superfluid phases, namely, a Larkin-Ovchinnikov-Fulde-Ferrell phase, the ordinary BCS phase, and a heterogeneous, phase-separated BCS phase, with associated crossovers from the latter two phases to a homogeneous or phase-separated Bose-Einstein condensate of deuterons. The phase diagram contains two tricritical points (one a Lifshitz point), which may degenerate into a single tetracritical point for some degree of isospin asymmetry.
119581702
Neutrino emission from direct Urca processes in pion condensed quark matter
We study neutrino emission from direct Urca processes in pion condensed quark matter. In compact stars with high baryon density, the emission is dominated by the gapless modes of the pion condensation which leads to an enhanced emissivity. While for massless quarks the enhancement is not remarkable, the emissivity is significantly larger and the cooling of the condensed matter is considerably faster than that in normal quark matter when the mass difference between u and d quarks is sizable.
35328229
BCS-BEC crossover in 2D Fermi gases with Rashba spin-orbit coupling.
We present a systematic theoretical study of the BCS-BEC crossover in two-dimensional Fermi gases with Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC). By solving the exact two-body problem in the presence of an attractive short-range interaction we show that the SOC enhances the formation of the bound state: the binding energy E(B) and effective mass m(B) of the bound state grows along with the increase of the SOC. For the many-body problem, even at weak attraction, a dilute Fermi gas can evolve from a BCS superfluid state to a Bose condensation of molecules when the SOC becomes comparable to the Fermi momentum. The ground-state properties and the Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless (BKT) transition temperature are studied, and analytical results are obtained in various limits. For large SOC, the BKT transition temperature recovers that for a Bose gas with an effective mass m(B). We find that the condensate and superfluid densities have distinct behaviors in the presence of SOC: the condensate density is generally enhanced by the SOC due to the increase of the molecule binding; the superfluid density is suppressed because of the nontrivial molecule effective mass m(B).
119238061
Inhomogeneous condensates in dilute nuclear matter and BCS-BEC crossovers
We report on recent progress in understanding pairing phenomena in low-density nuclear matter at small and moderate isospin asymmetry. A rich phase diagram has been found comprising various superfluid phases that include a homogeneous and phase-separated BEC phase of deuterons at low density and a homogeneous BCS phase, an inhomogeneous LOFF phase, and a phase-separated BCS phase at higher densities. The transition from the BEC phases to the BCS phases is characterized in terms of the evolution, from strong to weak coupling, of the condensate wavefunction and the second moment of its density distribution in r-space. We briefly discuss approaches to higher-order clustering in low-density nuclear matter.
35650226
Chiral phase structure at finite temperature and density in Einstein universe
Abstract The gravitational effect on the chiral phase structure at finite temperature and density is investigated in the framework of Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model in D -dimensional ultrastatic Einstein universe. In mean field approximation, the thermodynamic potential and the gap equation determining the curvature, temperature and density dependence of the chiral condensate are analytically derived. In the sense of chiral symmetry restoration and the order of the phase transition, the scalar curvature of the space–time plays similar role as the temperature.
18932536
Bunch length measurements in SPEAR3
A series of bunch length measurements were made in SPEAR3 for two different machine optics. In the achromatic optics the bunch length increases from the low-current value of 16.6 ps rms to about 30 ps at 25 ma/bunch yielding an inductive impedance of -0.17 Omega. Reducing the momentum compaction factor by a factor of ~60 [1] yields a low-current bunch length of ~4 ps rms. In this paper we review the experimental setup and results.
56458526
Analysis of emittance growth in the Fermilab Booster
Multi-particle simulations are performed to study emittance growth in the Fermilab Booster. Analysis shows that the source of vertical emittance growth comes mostly from random errors in skew quadrupoles in the presence of a strong transverse space-charge force. [1] Random errors in dipole rolls and the Montague resonance do contribute but to lesser extent. The effect of random errors in the quadrupoles is small because the betatron envelope tunes are reasonably far away from the half-integer stopband.
119421342
Matrix formalism of synchrobetatron coupling
In this paper we present a complete linear synchrobetatron coupling formalism by studying the transfer matrix which describes linear horizontal and longitudinal motions. With the technique established in the linear horizontal-vertical coupling study [D. Sagan and D. Rubin, Phys. Rev. ST Accel. Beams 2, 074001 (1999)], we found a transformation to block diagonalize the transfer matrix and decouple the betatron motion and the synchrotron motion. By separating the usual dispersion term from the horizontal coordinate first, we were able to obtain analytic expressions of the transformation under reasonable approximations. We also obtained the perturbations to the betatron tune and the Courant-Snyder functions. The closed-orbit changes due to finite energy gains at rf cavities and radiation energy losses were studied by the $5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}5$ extended transfer matrix with the fifth column describing kicks in the 4-dimension phase space.
8584939
A new code for orbit response matrix analysis
Orbit response matrix(ORM) method has been widely used for lattice modeling, and beam diagnostics, however the difficulty on convergence arises as the model becomes larger, more complicated or with nonlinear parameters brought in. A new code named YAOC(Yet Another Orbit Code) was developed based on a robust numerical method called scaled Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, and its applications on various lattices are discussed here.
11909349
Simulation of ultra-short pulses in a storage ring
Simulation study was performed with the tracking code Elegant [M. Borland, APS Report LS-287] to show beam quality evolution for a short, intense electron bunch after being injected to the SPEAR3 storage ring. The electron bunch with an intensity of 1 mA (0.78 nC) and a length of nearly 1 ps (FWHM) is found to degrade rapidly due to coherent synchrotron radiation (CSR) which causes large uneven longitudinal phase space distortion. The bunch length remains short and the longitudinal line density remains smooth for about 10 turns. For such a beam to circulate in the ring, a total of 10 MV rf power is needed to compensate for the energy loss.