8897328
Supersymmetry breaking and Fermi balls.
A simple model is presented where the disappearance of domain walls and the associated production of {open_quote}{open_quote}Fermi balls,{close_quote}{close_quote} which have been proposed as candidates for cold dark matter, are features which arise rather naturally in response to softly broken supersymmetry. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}
29278740
Domain defects in strings and walls.
A type of model is considered where the Witten mechanism allows the breaking of a discrete symmetry within the core of a cosmic string or a domain wall. The formation of a real scalar field condensate results in the creation of different, but energetically degenerate, domains which are separated by massive domain defects. The defects within strings (domain kinks) are particlelike states, whereas the defects within walls (domain ribbons) resemble stringlike states. Relativistic kink-antikink pairs annihilate after their initial formation, with the release of boson radiation, and kink-antikink pairs can be created through string intercommutations. Ribbons and antiribbons can be either infinite in extent or form closed loops. Ribbon loops can be involved in fission or fusion processes producing boson radiation, and oscillating ribbon loops decay mainly through the production of boson radiation, with a negligible fraction of the released energy being emitted in the form of gravitational radiation.
506054
Supersymmetry and gauge invariance constraints in a U(1) x U(1)'-Higgs superconducting cosmic string model.
A supersymmetric extension of the U(1){times}U(1){prime}-Higgs bosonic superconducting cosmic string model is considered, where the action is constructed from scalar chiral and vector superfields. The chiral superfields are assumed to transform separately under the Abelian gauge groups, and the constraints imposed upon such a model due to renormalizability, supersymmetry, and gauge invariance are examined. For a simple model with a single U(1) chiral superfield and a single U(1){prime} chiral superfield, the Witten mechanism for bosonic superconductivity (giving rise to long-range gauge fields outside of the string) does not exist without the introduction of extra chiral supermultiplets. The simplest model that can accommodate the requisite interactions for a superconducting cosmic string solution with long-range U(1) gauge fields requires five chiral supermultiplets. An investigation of the bosonic sector of this model indicates that a solution is admitted describing a gauge string surrounded by supersymmetric vacuum. By considering the effects of the gauge string background upon the remaining scalar fields of the theory, it is concluded that a parameter range exists for which the U(1) charged scalar fields condense within the core of the string, making it a superconducting string that can carry charge and/or current. It is also found that the neutralmore » scalar field can be associated with particle bound states that are localized within or near the string core. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}« less
15360602
Two phases for compact U(1) pure gauge theory in three dimensions.
We show that if actions more general than the usual simple plaquette action ({approximately}{ital F}{sup 2}{sub {mu}{nu}}) are considered, then compact U(1) {ital pure} gauge theory in three Euclidean dimensions can have two phases. Both phases are confining phases; however, in one phase the monopole condensate spontaneously {open_quote}{open_quote}magnetizes.{close_quote}{close_quote} For a certain range of parameters the phase transition is continuous, allowing the definition of a strong coupling continuum limit. We note that these observations have relevance to the {open_quote}{open_quote}fictitious{close_quote}{close_quote} gauge field theories of strongly correlated electron systems, such as those describing high-{ital T}{sub {ital c}} superconductors. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}