6503000
BRST quantization and coadjoint orbit theories.
A new ‘harmonic’ BRST method is presented for quantizing those dynamical systems having second-class constraints which split into holomorphic and antiholomorphic algebras. These theories include those whose phase spaces are coadjoint orbits of a compact semisimple Lie group. The method also applies to theories with holomorphic first-class constraints which have nonvanishing brackets with their antiholomorphic conjugates. An operatorial quantization, resembling supersymmetric quantum mechanics, is presented. In addition, a general path integral is given and is shown to reduce to that given by Batalin, Fradkin, and Vilkovisky.
29392446
From scalar to string confinement
We outline a connection between scalar quark confinement, a phenomenologically successful concept heretofore lacking fundamental justification, and QCD. Although scalar confinement does not follow from QCD, there is an interesting and close relationship between them. We develop a simple model intermediate between scalar confinement and the QCD string for illustrative purposes. Finally, we find analytically the bound state spectrum of the light degrees of freedom for a spinless, massless quark in scalar, time-component vector, and string confinement through semi-classical quantization.
119941265
Scalar and QCD string confinement
We compare scalar and string confinement mechanisms. Solutions for the massless quark case are found and discussed.
17624939
TOPOLOGICAL MASS GENERATION IN 3+1 DIMENSIONS
The 4-dimensional theory of a 1-form Abelian gauge field A coupled to a 2-form (antisymmetric tensor) potential B is studied. The two gauge invariances of the theory admit a coupling mB ∧ F where F is the field strength (F=dA) of A. It is shown that this theory is a unitary, renormalizable theory of a massive spin-one field with no additional degrees of freedom. In this sense, it is a generalization to four dimensions of topological mechanisms in two dimensions (the Schwinger model) and three dimensions (Chern-Simons theory). The issue of spontaneous symmetry breaking is also examined.
18449042
Phase space reduction and vortex statistics: An anyon quantization ambiguity.
We examine the quantization of the motion of two charged vortices in a Ginzburg-Landau theory for the fractional quantum Hall effect recently proposed by the first two authors. The system has two second-class constraints which can be implemented either in the reduced phase space or Dirac-Gupta-Bleuler formalism. Using the intrinsic formulation of statistics, we show that these two ways of implementing the constraints are inequivalent unless the vortices are quantized with conventional statistics, either fermionic or bosonic.
121348066
Flux tube vibrations and the excited glue spectroscopy
As a step toward a fundamental understanding of hybrid states we demonstrate the close relationship between the relativistic string and lattice simulation results for excited glue states with two fixed color sources.
33745798
Gravitational radiation from cosmic strings.
A cosmic-string network in an expanding universe evolves by losing energy to loops which in turn oscillate and emit gravitational radiation. The power radiated at a frequency corresponding to the {ital n}th fundamental mode of oscillation of the loop is characterized by a dimensionless constant {ital P}{sub {ital n}}, with the total power radiated being proportional to {gamma}= t{ital sum} {ital P}{sub {ital n}}. Previously, these constants were estimated by analytic or numerical analysis in idealized situations, generally for simple loop shapes. Here, we determine these constants more realistically, for loops produced in a numerical simulation of the cosmic-string network. The resulting numerical values of the {ital P}{sub {ital n}} appear to show a linear dependence on loop size, indicating that small-scale structure on the loops is very important in determining the overall radiation power. Long-string radiation is also studied, confirming this conclusion. The power radiated by a horizon-length string increases with time, because in the current simulations the small-scale structure on the string does not yet scale relative to the horizon length. With an appropriate extrapolation one can conclude that gravitational radiation from the long-string network will provide a significant energy-loss mechanism and may occur at a rate roughlymore » comparable to energy loss due to loop formation.« less
14972039
Analytic results for the gravitational radiation from a class of cosmic string loops.
Cosmic string loops are defined by a pair of periodic functions ${\bf a}$ and ${\bf b}$, which trace out unit-length closed curves in three-dimensional space. We consider a particular class of loops, for which ${\bf a}$ lies along a line and ${\bf b}$ lies in the plane orthogonal to that line. For this class of cosmic string loops one may give a simple analytic expression for the power $\gamma$ radiated in gravitational waves. We evaluate $\gamma$ exactly in closed form for several special cases: (1) ${\bf b}$ a circle traversed $M$ times; (2) ${\bf b}$ a regular polygon with $N$ sides and interior vertex angle $\pi-2\pi M/N$; (3) ${\bf b}$ an isosceles triangle with semi-angle $\theta$. We prove that case (1) with $M=1$ is the absolute minimum of $\gamma$ within our special class of loops, and identify all the stationary points of $\gamma$ in this class.