119185446
Hidden messenger revealed in Hawking radiation: A resolution to the paradox of black hole information loss
Using standard statistical method, we discover the existence of correlations among Hawking radiations (of tunneled particles) from a black hole. The information carried by such correlations is quantified by mutual information between sequential emissions. Through a careful counting of the entropy taken out by the emitted particles, we show that the black hole radiation as tunneling is an entropy conservation process. While information is leaked out through the radiation, the total entropy is conserved. Thus, we conclude the black hole evaporation process is unitary. (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
123328820
Entropy Conservation in the Transition of Schwarzschild-de Sitter Space to de Sitter Space through Tunneling
We revisit Parikh-Wilczek tunneling through the de Sitter horizon and obtain the tunneling rate in Schwarzschild-de Sitter space, which is non-thermal and closely related to the change of entropy. We discuss the thermodynamics of Schwarzschild-de Sitter space and show existence of correlation which can ensure conservation of the total entropy in the transition process of Schwarzschild-de Sitter space to de Sitter space. The correlation and the conserved entropy provide a way to explain the entropy in empty de Sitter space.
119216432
Entropy is conserved in Hawking radiation as tunneling: A revisit of the black hole information loss paradox
Abstract We revisit in detail the paradox of black hole information loss due to Hawking radiation as tunneling. We compute the amount of information encoded in correlations among Hawking radiations for a variety of black holes, including the Schwarzchild black hole, the Reissner–Nordstrom black hole, the Kerr black hole, and the Kerr–Newman black hole. The special case of tunneling through a quantum horizon is also considered. Within a phenomenological treatment based on the accepted emission probability spectrum from a black hole, we find that information is leaked out hidden in the correlations of Hawking radiation. The recovery of this previously unaccounted for information helps to conserve the total entropy of a system composed of a black hole plus its radiations. We thus conclude, irrespective of the microscopic picture for black hole collapsing, the associated radiation process: Hawking radiation as tunneling, is consistent with unitarity as required by quantum mechanics.
119306568
An interpretation for the entropy of a black hole
We investigate the meaning of the entropy carried away by Hawking radiations from a black hole. We propose that the entropy for a black hole measures the uncertainty of the information about the black hole forming matter’s precollapsed configurations, self-collapsed configurations, and inter-collapsed configurations. We find that gravitational wave or gravitational radiation alone cannot carry all information about the processes of black hole coalescence and collapse, while the total information locked in the hole could be carried away completely by Hawking radiation as tunneling.
118653526
On the Hamiltonian form of 3D massive gravity
We present a Chern-Simons-like action for the general massive gravity model propagating two spin-2 modes with independent masses in three spacetime dimensions (3D), and we use it to find a simple Hamiltonian form of this model. The number of local degrees of freedom, determined by the dimension of the physical phase space, agrees with a linearized analysis except in some limits, in particular that yielding topologically new massive gravity, which therefore suffers from a linearization instability.
118358667
Hawking radiation as tunneling derived from black hole thermodynamics through the quantum horizon
We show that the first law of the black hole thermodynamics can lead to the tunneling probability through the quantum horizon by calculating the change of entropy with the quantum gravity correction and the change of surface gravity is presented clearly in the calculation. The method is also applicable to the general situation which is independent on the form of black hole entropy and this verifies the connection of black hole tunneling with thermodynamics further. In the end we discuss the crucial role of the relation between the radiation temperature and surface gravity in this derivation. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
34469904
Jet tomography of high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions at next-to-leading order.
We demonstrate that jet observables are highly sensitive to the characteristics of the vacuum and the in-medium QCD parton showers and propose techniques that exploit this sensitivity to constrain the mechanism of quark and gluon energy loss in strongly interacting plasmas. As a first example, we calculate the inclusive jet cross section in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions to O(alpha(s)(3)). Theoretical predictions for the medium-induced jet broadening and the suppression of the jet production rate due to cold and hot nuclear matter effects in Au+Au and Cu+Cu reactions at RHIC are presented.
118566042
A possible determination of the quark radiation length in cold nuclear matter
Abstract We calculate the differential Drell–Yan production cross section in proton–nucleus collisions by including both next-to-leading order perturbative effects and effects of the nuclear medium. We demonstrate that dilepton production in fixed target experiments is an excellent tool to study initial-state parton energy loss in large nuclei and to accurately determine the stopping power of cold nuclear matter. We provide theoretical predictions for the attenuation of the Drell–Yan cross section at large values of Feynman x F and show that for low proton beam energies experimental measurements at Fermilabʼs E906 can clearly distinguish between nuclear shadowing and energy loss effects. If confirmed by data, our results may help determine the quark radiation length in cold nuclear matter X 0 ∼ 10 − 13 m .
118612548
Jet probes of QCD matter: Single jets and dijets in heavy-ion collisions
Modifications of jets in the existence of a hot and dense QCD me dium have recently attracted a lot of attentions. In this talk, we demonstrate how jet-medi um interactions change the behavior of jets by offering examples of inclusive jet and dijet productions atO(α 3 s) in heavy ion collisions including initial-state cold nuclear effects and especially the final-state parton energy loss e ffect. The suppression of inclusive jet spectrum varying with jet r adii and a flatter dijet momentum imbalance as compared to those in hadron-hadron collisions are observed in high-energy nuclear collisions.
118343712
Non-extensive quantum statistics with particle–hole symmetry
Based on Tsallis entropy (1988) and the corresponding deformed exponential function, generalized distribution functions for bosons and fermions have been used since a while Teweldeberhan et al. (2003) and Silva et al. (2010). However, aiming at a non-extensive quantum statistics further requirements arise from the symmetric handling of particles and holes (excitations above and below the Fermi level). Naive replacements of the exponential function or “cut and paste” solutions fail to satisfy this symmetry and to be smooth at the Fermi level at the same time. We solve this problem by a general ansatz dividing the deformed exponential to odd and even terms and demonstrate that how earlier suggestions, like the κ- and q-exponential behave in this respect.
119276740
Light-cone wave function approach to open heavy flavor dynamics in QCD matter
We calculate the lowest-order charm and beauty parton distribution functions in and fragmentation functions into $D$ and $B$ mesons using the operator definitions of factorized perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD). In the vacuum, we find the leading corrections that arise from the structure of the final-state hadrons. Quark-antiquark potentials extracted from the lattice are employed to demonstrate the existence of open heavy flavor bound-state solutions in the quark-gluon plasma in the vicinity of the critical temperature. We provide first results for the in-medium modification of the heavy-quark distribution and decay probabilities in a comoving plasma. In an improved perturbative QCD description of heavy-flavor dynamics in the thermal medium, we combine $D$- and $B$-meson formation and dissociation with parton-level charm and beauty quark quenching to obtain predictions for the heavy-meson and nonphotonic-electron suppression in $\mathrm{Cu}+\mathrm{Cu}$ and $\mathrm{Pb}+\mathrm{Pb}$ collisions at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the Large Hadron Collider, respectively.