118235333
Dielectron Production in Nucleus+Nucleus Collisions at 1.05 GeV/nucleon
Measurements of dielectron production in heavy-ion collisions are valuable probes into the dynamics of the collision process. While the hadronic participants of the collision are subject to strong final state interactions, the coupling of the electron-positron pair to the collision medium is electromagnetic. Dielectrons, therefore suffer little rescattering leaving the interaction and can retain information about their production origins, probing even the early stages in the evolution of the collision. The DiLepton Spectrometer (DLS) collaboration`s original measurements of dielectron production established the existence of the signal at Bevalac energies. The 1992- 93 DLS measurements in nucleus+Nucleus collisions at a kinetic beam energy of 1.05 {ital GeV/nucleon} are the subject of this presentation.
119395992
Dilepton production from p-p to CaCa at the Bevalac
Abstract The DLS collaboration has recently completed a high statistics study of dilepton production at the Bevalac. In particular, we have measured dielectrons (e + e − ) from p - p and p - d collisions to understand the basic dilepton production mechanisms in the energy range from 1.05 – 4.9 GeV. These data can be used to determine the basic processes which contribute to nucleon-nucleon dilepton production such as hadronic bremsstrahlung, vector meson processes, and hadronic Dalitz decay. The data show that a simple elastic bremsstrahlung calculation is insufficient to explain the data. Theoretical models are compared with the data. A new high statistics study of Ca  Ca at 1.05 A·GeV has been made to study the collectivity of A - A collisions.
120239957
Threshold behavior of direct electron production in proton‐beryllium collisions
We report measurements of direct electron pair production in p‐Be interactions at 1.0, 2.1 and 4.9 GeV kinetic beam energies. The invariant mass and pt spectra along with the total cross sections are presented. A rapid decrease in the total cross section is observed at the lowest energy.
44598663
Measurement of dielectron production in niobium-niobium collisions at 1.05 GeV/nucleon.
A dielectron signal for pair masses greater than [ital M][sub [pi]] is observed in Nb+Nb collisions at 1.05 GeV/nucleon beam kinetic energy. The invariant mass spectrum and the associated multiplicity distribution are presented. Comparisons are made with previous cross section measurements in [ital p]+Be and Ca+Ca.
117522082
First results on dilepton production at the Bevalac
We report on preliminary results of direct electron pair measurements in p+Be at 4.9 GeV and 2.1 GeV and Ca+Ca at 1.95 GeVA collisions at the Bevalac. The results are compared to existing data in p+Be at 12.1 GeV and ..pi../sup -/p at 15.9 and 16.9 GeV.
6986761
Threshold behavior of electron pair production in p-Be collisions.
We report on the measurements of electron pair production in /ital p/-Becollisions at 1.0, 2.1, and 4.9 GeV beam kinetic energies. The invariant-massand transverse-momentum spectra are presented, along with the total crosssections. A rapid decrease in the integrated cross section is observed as thebeam energy is reduced. Comparison of the excitation function for dielectron(/ital e//sup +/e/sup /minus//) and dipion (..pi../sup +/..pi../sup /minus//)production suggests that the dominant production mechanism at beam kineticenergies 2.1 and 4.9 GeV may be ..pi../sup +/..pi../sup /minus// annihilation.
54896614
Galois conjugates of topological phases
Galois conjugation relates unitary conformal field theories and topological quantum field theories (TQFTs) to their nonunitary counterparts. Here we investigate Galois conjugates of quantum double models, such as the Levin-Wen model. While these Galois-conjugated Hamiltonians are typically non-Hermitian, we find that their ground-state wave functions still obey a generalized version of the usual code property (local operators do not act on the ground-state manifold) and hence enjoy a generalized topological protection. The key question addressed in this paper is whether such nonunitary topological phases can also appear as the ground states of Hermitian Hamiltonians. Specific attempts at constructing Hermitian Hamiltonians with these ground states lead to a loss of the code property and topological protection of the degenerate ground states. Beyond this, we rigorously prove that no local change of basis can transform the ground states of the Galois-conjugated doubled Fibonacci theory into the ground states of a topological model whose Hermitian Hamiltonian satisfies Lieb-Robinson bounds. These include all gapped local or quasilocal Hamiltonians. A similar statement holds for many other nonunitary TQFTs. One consequence is that these nonunitary TQFTs do not describe physical realizations of topological phases. In particular, this implies that the ``Gaffnian'' wave function can not be the ground state of a gapped fractional quantum Hall state.
117851662
The emergence of Hopf term and the marginality of Dirac model
The subtle relation of the marginality of Dirac model and the emergence of the Hopf term through a Yukawa-type interaction is revealed in this work. We show that the improvement of the marginality of Dirac mode through an infinitesimal non-relativistic term, which is irrelevant for renormalization group, is necessary to emerge the Hopf term. It is found that the appearance of the Hopf term is always accompanied with chiral boundary modes, and the sign of the coupling constant of the infinitesimal non-relativistic term decides their chirality. A lattice Dirac model is also constructed to realize the Hopf term.
7625841
Topological Hamiltonian as an exact tool for topological invariants.
We propose the concept of 'topological Hamiltonian' for topological insulators and superconductors in interacting systems. The eigenvalues of the topological Hamiltonian are significantly different from the physical energy spectra, but we show that the topological Hamiltonian contains the information of gapless surface states, therefore it is an exact tool for topological invariants.
118851823
Analysis of the Nonet Scalar Mesons as Tetraquark States with New QCD Sum Rules
In this article, we take the scalar diquarks as point particles and describe them as basic quantum fields, then introduce the SU(3) color gauge interaction and new vacuum condensates to study the nonet scalar mesons as tetraquark states with the QCD sum rules. Comparing with the conventional quark currents, the diquark currents have the outstanding advantage to satisfy the two criteria of the QCD sum rules more easily.
27616584
Radial compression of protons and H3+ ions in a multiring trap for the production of ultralow energy antiproton beams.
Radial compression of a proton cloud was performed in a multiring trap which was designed to trap and cool a large number of antiprotons for the production of low-energy ( 10-1000 eV ) antiproton beams. The resonance frequency for the radial compression was almost constant from 3 x 10(5) to 3 x 10(6) protons. The collision process of the trapped protons was also investigated to estimate the energy of the protons inside the trap. This technique will be applied to the ASACUSA experiment at the antiproton decelerator, CERN, to extract ultraslow antiprotons with good emittance.