9553053
Thomas precession and squeezed states of light.
The Lorentz group, which is the language of special relativity, is a useful theoretical tool in modern optics. Optics experiments can therefore serve as analog computers for special relativity. Possible optics experiments involving squeezed states are discussed in connection with the Thomas precession and the Wigner rotation.
1673726
Symmetries Shared by the Poincaré Group and the Poincaré Sphere
Henri Poincare formulated the mathematics of Lorentz transformations, known as the Poincare group. He also formulated the Poincare sphere for polarization optics. It is shown that these two mathematical instruments can be derived from the two-by-two representations of the Lorentz group. Wigner’s little groups for internal space-time symmetries are studied in detail. While the particle mass is a Lorentz-invariant quantity, it is shown to be possible to address its variations in terms of the decoherence mechanism in polarization optics.
14939249
Coupled Harmonic Oscillators and Feynman's Rest of the Universe
According to Feynman, the universe consists of two parts - the system in which we are interested and the rest of the universe which our measurement process does not reach. Feynman then formulates the density matrix in terms of the observable world and the rest of the universe. It is shown that coupled harmonic oscillators can serve as an illustrative example for Feynman's ``rest of the universe.'' It is pointed out that this simple example has far-reaching consequences in many branches of physics, including statistical mechanics, measurement theory, information theory, thermo-field dynamics, quantum optics, and relativistic quantum mechanics. It is shown that our ignorance of the rest of the universe increases the uncertainty and entropy in the system in which we are interested.
73571003
Time separation as a hidden variable to the Copenhagen school of quantum mechanics
The Bohr radius is a space‐like separation between the proton and electron in the hydrogen atom. According to the Copenhagen school of quantum mechanics, the proton is sitting in the absolute Lorentz frame. If this hydrogen atom is observed from a different Lorentz frame, there is a time‐like separation linearly mixed with the Bohr radius. Indeed, the time‐separation is one of the essential variables in high‐energy hadronic physics where the hadron is a bound state of the quarks, while thoroughly hidden in the present form of quantum mechanics. It will be concluded that this variable is hidden in Feynman’s rest of the universe. It is noted first that Feynman’s Lorentz‐invariant differential equation for the bound‐state quarks has a set of solutions which describe all essential features of hadronic physics. These solutions explicitly depend on the time separation between the quarks. This set also forms the mathematical basis for two‐mode squeezed states in quantum optics, where both photons are observable,...
1320799
Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions in polarization optics.
Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions are manifestations of the internal space-time symmetries of massive and massless particles, respectively. It is shown to be possible to produce combinations of optical filters which exhibit transformations corresponding to Wigner rotations and Iwasawa decompositions. This is possible because the combined effects of rotation, phase-shift, and attenuation filters lead to transformation matrices of the six-parameter Lorentz group applicable to Jones vectors and Stokes parameters for polarized light waves. The symmetry transformations in special relativity lead to a set of experiments which can be performed in optics laboratories.
668406
Quantization of electromagnetic fields in a circular cylindrical cavity
We present a quantization procedure for the electromagnetic field in a circular cylindrical cavity with perfectly conducting walls, which is based on the decomposition of the field. A new decomposition procedure is proposed; all vector mode functions satisfying the boundary conditions are obtained with the help of this decomposition. After expanding the quantized field in terms of the vector mode functions, it is possible to derive the Hamiltonian for this quantized system.
37465442
Fermion mass matrix and strong CP solution in SU(5).
A global U(1)/sub A/ symmetry is used to solve both the fermion-mass-hierarchy problem and the strong CP problem. A domain-wall-free invisible-axion model requires heavy fermions at the axion scale. The dominant contribution to the off-diagonal elements of the fermion mass matrix comes from the small vacuum expectation value of superheavy scalar doublets, which is guaranteed by the Peccei-Quinn symmetry.
39663516
Dynamical axion.
31308326
Probing supergravity models with indirect experimental signatures.
We explore the one-loop electroweak radiative corrections in the context of the traditional minimal SU(5) and the string-inspired SU(5)[times]U(1) supergravity models by calculating explicitly vacuum-polarization and vertex-correction contributions to the [epsilon][sub 1] and [epsilon][sub [ital b]] parameters. We also include in this analysis the constraint from [ital b][r arrow][ital s][gamma] whose inclusive branching ratio [ital B]([ital b][r arrow][ital s][gamma]) has been actually measured very recently by CLEO. We find that by combining these three most important indirect experimental signatures and using the most recent experimental values for them, [ital m][sub [ital t]][approx gt]170 GeV is excluded for [mu][gt]0 in both minimal SU(5) supergravity and no-scale SU(5)[times]U(1) supergravity. We also find that [ital m][sub [ital t]][approx gt]175 (185) GeV is excluded for any sign of [mu] in the minimal [SU(5)[times]U(1)] supergravity model.
43299016
Wormhole effect on the superstring axion.
Wormhole solutions can arise from the third-rank field strength ${H}_{\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\nu}\ensuremath{\rho}}$ which has a gluon anomaly. The superstring axion has this property. The effect of these wormholes on axion cosmology is studied. To save the superstring axion energy-density problem, \ensuremath{\theta}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} is \ensuremath{\sim}${10}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}3}$ or ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{0}^{1/4}$ is \ensuremath{\sim}10 keV at the QCD chiral-symmetry-breaking scale.
26549212
Fission of heavy nuclei induced by stopped antiprotons. II. Correlations between fission fragments.
Antiproton-induced fission has been investigated with a novel double-arm fission fragment spectrometer. The correlations in mass, energy, and velocity between two fragments were measured. The dependence of total kinetic energy, velocity, momentum of the fissioning nucleus, and momentum of the fission fragments on the mass loss was deduced and analyzed in the framework of the dynamical statistical model. This model takes into account all stages before, during and after {ital {bar p}}-induced fission (atomic cascade, intranuclear cascade, evaporation cascade, fission of the compound nucleus, evaporation from the fission fragments). The mass loss was used as a measure of the excitation energy to classify the fission events according to the corresponding excitation energies. Some discrepancies between the model calculation and the experiment show the important role of dissipative effects in the {ital {bar p}}-induced fission process. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}