119277320
SUSY gauge theories on squashed three-spheres
We study Euclidean 3D $ \mathcal{N} = 2 $ supersymmetric gauge theories on squashed three-spheres preserving isometries SU(2) × U(1) or U(1) × U(1). We show that, when a suitable background U(1) gauge field is turned on, these squashed spheres support charged Killing spinors and therefore $ \mathcal{N} = 2 $ supersymmetric gauge theories. We present the Lagrangian and supersymmetry rules for general gauge theories. The partition functions are computed using localization principle, and are expressed as integrals over Coulomb branch. For the squashed sphere with U(1) × U(1) isometry, its measure and integrand are identified with the building blocks of structure constants in Liouville or Toda conformal field theories with b ≠ 1.
11851576
A Nonperturbative Test of M2-Brane Theory
We discuss non-perturbative effects in the ABJM model due to monopole instantons. We begin by constructing the instanton solutions in the U(2) × U(2) model, explicitly, and computing the Euclidean action. The Wick-rotated Lagrangian is complex and its BPS monopole instantons are found to be a delicate version of the usual 't Hooft-Polyakov monopole solutions. They are generically 1/3 BPS but become 1/2 BPS at special locus in the moduli space of two M2-branes, yet each instanton carries eight fermionic zero modes, regardless of the vacuum choice. The low energy effective action induced by monopole instantons are quartic order in derivatives. The resulting vertices are nonperturbative in 1/k, as expected, but are rational functions of the vacuum moduli. We also analyze the system of two M2-branes in the supergravity framework and compute the higher order interactions via 11-dimensional supergraviton exchange. The comparison of the two shows that the instanton vertices are precisely reproduced by this M2-brane picture, supporting the proposal that the ABJM model describes multiple M2-branes.
12803114
Nonrelativistic superconformal M2-brane theory
We investigate the low energy physics of particles in the symmetric phase of the = 6 mass-deformed ABJM theory in terms of the superconformal nonrelativistic field theory with 14 supercharges. They describe a certain kind of excitations on M2 branes in the background of external four-form flux. We study the nonrelativistic superconformal algebra and their representations by using the operator-state correspondence with the related harmonic oscillator Hamiltonian. We find the unitarity bounds on the scaling dimension and particle number of any local operator, and comment on subtleties in computing the superconformal Witten index that counts the chiral operators.
18855518
Abelian Gauge Theory on M2-brane and Toric Duality
We write down the abelian gauge theory on a single M2-brane probing toric Calabi-Yau four-fold singularity, based on the recently proposed M-theory crystal model of AdS4/CFT3 dual pairs. The charges of the matter fields are given by the intersection numbers between loops and faces in the crystal. The moduli space of vacua of the gauge theory coincides precisely with the Calabi-Yau singularity. Toric duality, partial resolution, and a possibility of new RG flows are also discussed.
10623913
= 4 Superconformal Chern-Simons theories with hyper and twisted hyper multiplets
We extend the = 4 superconformal Chern-Simons theories of Gaiotto and Witten to those with additional twisted hyper-multiplets. The new theories are generically linear quiver gauge theories with the two types of hyper-multiplets alternating between gauge groups. Our construction includes the Bagger-Lambert model of SO(4) gauge group. A family of abelian theories are identified with those proposed earlier in the context of the M-crystal model for M2-branes probing (2/n)2 orbifolds. Possible extension with non-abelian BF couplings and string/M-theory realization are briefly discussed.
17654907
= 5, 6 superconformal Chern-Simons theories and M2-branes on orbifolds
We explore further our recent generalization of the = 4 superconformal Chern-Simons theories of Gaiotto and Witten. We find and construct explicitly theories of enhanced = 5 or 6 supersymmetry, especially = 5, Sp(2M) ? O(N) and = 6, Sp(2M) ? O(2) theories. The U(M) ? U(N) theory coincides with the = 6 theory of Aharony, Bergman, Jafferis and Maldacena (ABJM). We argue that the = 5 theory with Sp(2N) ? O(2N) gauge group can be understood as an orientifolding of the ABJM model with U(2N) ? U(2N) gauge group. We briefly discuss the Type IIB brane construction of the = 5 theory and the geometry of the M-theory orbifold.
119519436
A dual gravity study of the (2+1)D compact U(1) gauge theory coupled with strongly interacting matter fields
Abstract We consider the D2-brane probe action in the gravity background dual to N coincident D p -branes by treating the separation between the D2- and D p -branes as a non-dynamical parameter for p = 2 , 4 , 6 . The gauge coupling, the core size of a non-BPS instanton and the mass gap of the compact U ( 1 ) gauge theory in the D2-brane are determined as a function of the separation in the type IIA gravity region. The results are interpreted in terms of the ( 2 + 1 ) D U ( 1 ) gauge theory coupled with the matter fields which are also strongly coupled with the ( p + 1 ) D SU ( N ) gauge field. It is shown that strong coupling of the matter fields to the SU ( N ) gauge field can drastically modify their screening of the U ( 1 ) gauge field. The non-perturbative dependence of the U ( 1 ) gauge coupling on the energy scale is obtained.
116306610
Drawbacks of Principal component analysis
One of the main tasks for present and future dark energy surveys is to determine whether the dark energy is dynamical or not. To illustrate this from data, it is commonly used to parameterize the dark energy equation of state w as several piecewise constant wis using the principal component analysis (PCA) method over finite redshift bins. We show that there is only $j-1$ free parameters wis if we choose the redshift as j bins. Without this constrain, one obtains the inconsistent results from the data analysis. Furthermore, if w decreases with non-negligible ratio as z does, then PCA fails to reproduce the original behavior of w. Also, time varying w can be confused with the incorrect value of constant one when the decreasing (or increasing) ratio of w is small but not negligible.
120358635
CLUSTER PHYSICS WITH DARK ENERGY
Dark energy affects the abundance and evolution of clusters owing to their dependence on the geometry of the Universe and the power spectrum. Usually, there exits the degeneracy between σ8 and the matter energy density contrast . We avoid this by using the explicit dark energy dependent rms linear mass fluctuation σ8 which is consistent with the CMB normalization for general constant dark energy equation of state, ωQ. When we use the correct value of the critical density threshold δc = 1.58 into the cluster number density n calculation in the Press–Schechter (PS) formalism, PS formalism predicts the cluster number consistent with both simulation and observed data at the high mass region. The improved coefficients of Sheth–Tormen (ST) formalism by using the correct δc is also obtained. We found that changing ωQ by ΔωQ = -0.1 from ωQ = -1.0 causes the changing of the comoving numbers of high mass clusters of M = 1016h-1M⊙ by about 20 and 40% at z = 0 and 1, respectively.
119218989
Holographic description of quantum field theory
Abstract We propose that general D-dimensional quantum field theories are dual to ( D + 1 ) -dimensional local quantum theories which in general include objects with spin two or higher. Using a general prescription, we construct a ( D + 1 ) -dimensional theory which is holographically dual to the D-dimensional O ( N ) vector model. From the holographic theory, the phase transition and critical properties of the model in dimensions D > 2 are described.
119722727
3-D Model of Broadband Emission from Shell-Type Supernova Remnants Undergoing Non-linear Diffusive Shock Acceleration