35650226
Chiral phase structure at finite temperature and density in Einstein universe
Abstract The gravitational effect on the chiral phase structure at finite temperature and density is investigated in the framework of Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model in D -dimensional ultrastatic Einstein universe. In mean field approximation, the thermodynamic potential and the gap equation determining the curvature, temperature and density dependence of the chiral condensate are analytically derived. In the sense of chiral symmetry restoration and the order of the phase transition, the scalar curvature of the space–time plays similar role as the temperature.
119180498
BCS-BEC crossover in three-dimensional Fermi gases with spherical spin-orbit coupling
We present a systematic theoretical study of the BCS-BEC crossover problem in three-dimensional atomic Fermi gases at zero temperature with a spherical spin-orbit coupling which can be generated by a synthetic non-Abelian gauge field coupled to neutral fermions. Our investigations are based on the path integral formalism which is a powerful theoretical scheme for the study of the properties of the bound state, the superfluid ground state, and the collective excitations in the BCS-BEC crossover. At large spin-orbit coupling, the system enters the BEC state of a novel type of bound state (referred to as rashbon) which possesses a non-trivial effective mass. Analytical results and interesting universal behaviors for various physical quantities at large spin-orbit coupling are obtained. Our theoretical predictions can be tested in future experiments of cold Fermi gases with three-dimensional spherical spin-orbit coupling.
118545262
Phase diagram of chiral quark matter: Color and electrically neutral Fulde-Ferrell phase
The phase diagram of charge and color neutral two-flavor color superconducting quark matter is studied including the homogeneous two-flavor superconductor (2SC) and the inhomogeneous Fulde-Ferrell (FF) phases within the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model. The low-temperature domain T{<=}5 MeV of the phase diagram contains the FF phase, which borders at high temperatures to the 2SC phase. The critical temperature of phase transition from the 2SC to the unpaired state is in the range 20-30 MeV. We derive the equation of state of matter and its composition and show that matter in mature compact stars should be in the inhomogeneous FF-like superconducting state. We briefly discuss the astrophysical implications of such a phase in compact stars.
119251900
BCS-BEC Crossover in Symmetric Nuclear Matter at Finite Temperature: Pairing Fluctuation and Pseudogap
By adopting a T -matrix-based method within the G0G approximation for the pair susceptibility, we studied the effects of pairing fluctuation on the BCS-BEC crossover i n symmetric nuclear matter. The pairing fluctuation induces a pseudogap in the excitation spectrum of nucleon in both superfluid and normal phases. The critical temperature of the superfluid transition was calculated. It differs from the BCS result remarkably when density is low. We also computed the specific heat, which shows a nearl y ideal BEC-type temperature dependence at low density, but a BCS-type behavior at high density. This qualitative change of the temperature dependence of specific heat may serve as a thermodynamic signal for the BCS- BEC crossover.
119239509
BCS-BEC crossover at finite temperature in spin-orbit coupled Fermi gases
By adopting a $T$-matrix-based method within the $G_0G$ approximation for the pair susceptibility, we study the effects of the pairing fluctuation on the three-dimensional spin-orbit coupled Fermi gases at finite temperature. The critical temperatures of the superfluid/normal phase transition are determined for three different types of spin-orbit coupling (SOC): (1) the extreme oblate (EO) or Rashba SOC, (2) the extreme prolate (EP) or equal Rashba-Dresselhaus SOC, and (3) the spherical (S) SOC. For EO- and S-type SOC, the SOC dependence of the critical temperature signals a crossover from BCS to BEC state; at strong SOC limit, the critical temperature recover those of ideal BEC of rashbons. The pairing fluctuation induces a pseudogap in the fermionic excitation spectrum in both superfluid and normal phases. We find that, for EO- and S-type SOC, even at weak coupling, sufficiently strong SOC can induce sizable pseudogap. Our research suggests that the spin-orbit coupled Fermi gases may open new means to the study of the pseudogap formation in fermionic systems.
13080337
Axial current generation from electric field: chiral electric separation effect.
We study a relativistic plasma containing charged chiral fermions in an external electric field. We show that with the presence of both vector and axial charge densities, the electric field can induce an axial current along its direction and thus cause chirality separation. We call it the chiral electric separation effect (CESE). On a very general basis, we argue that the strength of CESE is proportional to μ(V)μ(A) with μ(V) and μ(A) the chemical potentials for vector charge and axial charge. We then explicitly calculate this CESE conductivity coefficient in thermal QED at leading-log order. The CESE can manifest a new gapless wave mode propagating along the electric field. Potential observable effects of CESE in heavy-ion collisions are also discussed.
118532372
Constraints on ultracompact minihalos from extragalactic {\gamma}-ray background
It has been proposed that ultracompact minihalos (UCMHs) might be formed in earlier epoch. If dark matter consists of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), UCMHs can be treated as the γ-ray sources due to dark matter annihilation within them. In this paper, we investigate the contributions of UCMHs formed during three phase transitions (i.e., electroweak symmetry breaking, QCD confinement and e+e− annihilation) to the extragalactic γ-ray background. Moreover, we use the Fermi-LAT observation data of the extragalactic γ-ray background to get the constraints on the current abundance of UCMHs produced during these phase transitions. We also compare these results with those obtained from Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations and find that the constraints from the Fermi-LAT are more stringent than those from CMB.
118657682
New constraints on primordial minihalo abundance using cosmic microwave background observations
It was proposed that the massive compact halo objects (MCHOs) would be produced during an earlier epoch of cosmology if the density perturbations are between $3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and 0.3. Then these objects can accrete dark matter particles onto them due to their high density. If the dark matter is in the form of the weakly interacting massive particles, the MCHOs can have a significant effect on the evolution of cosmology due to the dark matter annihilation within them. Using the WMAP-7 years data, we investigated the constraints on the current abundance of MCHOs (${f}_{\mathrm{MCHOs}}$) formed during the ${e}^{+}{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ annihilation phase transition. We have found that the $2\ensuremath{\sigma}$ constraint is ${f}_{\mathrm{MCHOs}}\ensuremath{\lesssim}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ for dark matter masses in the range between 1 GeV and 1 TeV.
12266736
Bunch Length and Impedance Measurements at SPEAR3
Streak camera measurements were made at SPEAR3 to characterize longitudinal coupling impedance. For the nominal optics, data was taken at three rf voltages and a single-bunch current range of 0-20mA. Both bunchcentroid phase shift and bunch lengthening were recorded to extract values for resistive and reactive impedance. An (R+L) and a Q=1 model were then back-substituted into the Haissinski equation and compared with raw profile data. In the short bunch (low-{alpha}) mode, distribution 'bursting' was observed.
118565086
Stringy origin of Tevatron Wjj anomaly
Abstract The invariant mass distribution of dijets produced in association with W bosons, recently observed by the CDF Collaboration at Tevatron, reveals an excess in the dijet mass range 120 – 160 GeV / c 2 , 3σ beyond Standard Model expectations. We show that such an excess is a generic feature of low mass string theory, due to the production and decay of a leptophobic Z ′ , a singlet partner of SU ( 3 ) gluons coupled primarily to the U ( 1 ) baryon number. In this framework, U ( 1 ) and SU ( 3 ) appear as subgroups of U ( 3 ) associated with open strings ending on a stack of 3 D-branes. In addition, a minimal model contains two other stacks to accommodate the electro-weak SU ( 2 ) ⊂ U ( 2 ) and the hypercharge U ( 1 ) . Of the three U ( 1 ) gauge bosons, the two heavy Z ′ and Z ″ receive masses through the Green–Schwarz mechanism. For a given Z ′ mass, the model is quite constrained. Fine tuning three of its free parameters is just sufficient to simultaneously ensure: a small Z – Z ′ mixing in accord with the stringent LEP data on the Z mass; very small (less than 1%) branching ratio into leptons; and a large hierarchy between Z ″ and Z ′ masses. The heavier neutral gauge boson Z ″ is within the reach of LHC.
14510050
LOCO with Constraints and Improved Fitting Technique
LOCO has been a powerful beam-based diagnostics and optics control method for storage rings and synchrotrons worldwide ever since it was established at NSLS by J. Safranek. This method measures the orbit response matrix and optionally the dispersion function of the machine. The data are then fitted to a lattice model by adjusting parameters such as quadrupole and skew quadrupole strengths in the model, BPM gains and rolls, corrector gains and rolls of the measurement system. Any abnormality of the machine that affects the machine optics can then be identified. The resulting lattice model is equivalent to the real machine lattice as seen by the BPMs. Since there are usually two or more BPMs per betatron period in modern circular accelerators, the model is often a very accurate representation of the real machine. According to the fitting result, one can correct the machine lattice to the design lattice by changing the quadrupole and skew quadrupole strengths. LOCO is so important that it is routinely performed at many electron storage rings to guarantee machine performance, especially after the Matlab-based LOCO code became available. However, for some machines, LOCO is not easy to carry out. In some cases, LOCO fitting converges to an unrealistic solution with large changes to the quadrupole strengths {Delta}K. The quadrupole gradient changes can be so large that the resulting lattice model fails to find a closed orbit and subsequent iterations become impossible. In cases when LOCO converges, the solution can have {Delta}K that is larger than realistic and often along with a spurious zigzag pattern between adjacent quadrupoles. This degeneracy behavior of LOCO is due to the correlation between the fitting parameters - usually between neighboring quadrupoles. The fitting scheme is therefore less restrictive over certain patterns of changes to these quadrupoles with which the correlated quadrupoles fight each other and the net effect is very inefficient {chi}{sup 2} reduction, i.e., small {chi}{sup 2} reduction with large changes of {Delta}K. Under effects of random noise, the fitting solution tends to crawl toward these patterns and ends up with unrealistically large {Delta}K. Such a solution is not very useful in optics correction because after the solution is dialed in, the quadrupoles will not respond as predicted by the lattice model due to magnet hysteresis. We will show that adding constraints to the fitting parameters is an effective way to combat this problem of LOCO. In fact, it improves optics calibration precision even for machines that don't show severe degeneracy behavior. LOCO fitting is essentially to solve a nonlinear least square problem with an iterative approach. The linear least square technique is applied in each iteration to move the solution toward the minimum. This approach is commonly referred to as the Gauss-Newton method. By using singular value decomposition (SVD) to invert the Jacobian matrix, this method has generally been very successful for LOCO. However, this method is based on a linear expansion of the residual vector over the fitting parameters which is valid only when the starting solution is sufficiently close to the real minimum. The fitting algorithm can have difficulties to converge when the initial guess is too far off. For example, it's possible for the {chi}{sup 2} merit function to increase after an iteration instead of decrease. This situation can be improved by using more robust nonlinear least square fitting algorithms, such as the Levenberg-Marquardt method. We will discuss the degeneracy problem in section 2 and then show how the constrained fitting can help in section 3. The application of Levenberg-Marquadt method to LOCO is shown in section 4. A summary is given in section 5.