121086320
Cosmic Ray Experiments in the Era of LHC
Many uncertainties in cosmic ray experiments will be eliminated with more measurements about interaction between nucleons in the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) experiment. Cosmic ray experiments will enter an era marked by the high precision of measurements carried out by combining multipurpose instruments on very large scales. They have been putting strict constraints on models of cosmic ray acceleration at sources and propagation through the universe. Measurements of electrons, all kinds of nuclei, even gamma rays and neutrinos will enhance the opportunity of breakthrough in solving the mystery of origin of cosmic rays or even finding the source of the dark matter. A fundamental problem in cosmic ray experiments is the energy scale of ground based experiments for ultra high energy cosmic rays. A unique and straightforward approach is to match the energy spectra of nuclei measured by space or balloon borne experiments with what measured by ground based detectors at high altitudes and propagate the scale up ...
123646598
Progress in Very High Energy Neutrino Astronomic Experiments
In this review, I will report progress in UHE neutrino search using existing experiments and status of constructing detectors. Physics relevant to UHE neutrinos are updated as well.
123445006
Status of LHAASO updates from ARGO-YBJ
Abstract The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) is a multipurpose project with a complex detector array for high energy gamma ray and cosmic ray detection. The array of 1 km 2 is composed of five types of detectors to measure shower arrival direction, total number of secondary particles, muon content, Cherenkov image and high energy gamma rays near shower core, respectively. The main scientific goals are (1) searching for galactic cosmic ray origins by extensive spectroscopy investigations of gamma ray sources above 30 TeV; (2) all sky survey for gamma ray sources at energies higher than 300 GeV; (3) energy spectrum and composition measurements of cosmic rays over a wide range covering knees with fixed energy scale and known fluxes for all species at the low energy end. In this paper, the progress on relevant detector developments is reported, including constructions of prototype detectors at Tibet site and coincidence operation with the ARGO-YBJ resistive plat chamber full coverage array at 4300 m a.s.l. The energy spectrum of cosmic ray hydrogen and Helium nuclei up to 0.8 PeV is reported as the first piece of physics measurements by the LHAASO experiment.
117043052
SEARCH FOR 10 TeV BURST-LIKE EVENTS COINCIDENT WITH THE BATSE BURSTS USING THE TIBET AIR SHOWER ARRAY
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SEARCH FOR 10 TEV GAMMA-RAY EMISSION FROM ACTIVE GALACTIC NUCLEI WITH THE TIBET AIR SHOWER ARRAY
119433367
The Composition of Cosmic Rays at the Knee
The observation of a small change in spectral slope, or knee in the fluxes of cosmic rays near energies 10 15 eV has caused much speculation since its discovery over 40 years ago. The origin of this feature remains unknown. A small workshop to review some modern experimental measurements of this region was held at the Adler Planetarium in Chicago, USA in June 2000. This paper summarizes the results presented at this workshop and the discussion of their interpretation in the context of hadronic models of atmospheric air showers. 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
119188076
Reinvestigation of moving punctured black holes with a new code
We report on our code, in which the moving puncture method is applied and an adaptive/fixed mesh refinement is implemented, and on its preliminary performance on black hole simulations. Based on the Baumgarte-Sharpiro-Shibata-Nakamura (BSSN) formulation, up-to-date gauge conditions and the modifications of the formulation are also implemented and tested. In this work, we present our primary results about the simulation of a single static black hole, of a moving single black hole, and of the head-on collision of a binary black hole system. For the static punctured black hole simulations, different modifications of the BSSN formulation are applied. It is demonstrated that both the currently used sets of modifications lead to a stable evolution. For cases of a moving punctured black hole with or without spin, we search for viable gauge conditions and study the effect of spin on the black hole evolution. Our results confirm previous results obtained by other research groups. In addition, we find a new gauge condition, which has not yet been adopted by any other researchers, which can also give stable and accurate black hole evolution calculations. We examine the performance of the code for the head-on collision of a binary black hole system, andmore » the agreement of the gravitational waveform it produces with that obtained in other works. In order to understand qualitatively the influence of matter on the binary black hole collisions, we also investigate the same head-on collision scenarios but perturbed by a scalar field. The numerical simulations performed with this code not only give stable and accurate results that are consistent with the works by other numerical relativity groups, but also lead to the discovery of a new viable gauge condition, as well as clarify some ambiguities in the modification of the BSSN formulation. These results demonstrate that this code is reliable and ready to be used in the study of more realistic astrophysical scenarios and of numerical relativity.« less
119264530
Numerical stability of the Z4c formulation of general relativity
We study numerical stability of different approaches to the discretization of a conformal decomposition of the Z4 formulation of general relativity. We demonstrate that in the linear, constant coefficient regime a novel discretization for tensors is formally numerically stable with a method of lines time-integrator. We then perform a full set of apples with apples tests on the non-linear system, and thus present numerical evidence that both the new and standard discretizations are, in some sense, numerically stable in the non-linear regime. The results of the Z4c numerical tests are compared with those of BSSNOK evolutions. We typically do not employ the Z4c constraint damping scheme and find that in the robust stability and gauge wave tests the Z4c evolutions result in lower constraint violation at the same resolution as the BSSNOK evolutions. In the gauge wave tests we find that the Z4c evolutions maintain the desired convergence factor over many more light-crossing times than the BSSNOK tests. The difference in the remaining tests is marginal.
11176637
Quasinormal modes for Weyl neutrino field in RN black holes
We employ the WKB approximation up to the third order to determine the low-lying quasinormal modes for the Weyl neutrino field in RN black holes, which are the most relevant to the evolution of the field around a black hole in the intermediate stage. It is shown that the quasinormal mode frequencies for the Weyl neutrino field in RN black holes are different from those in Schwarzschild black holes owing to the charge-induced additional gravitation, and the variations of the quasinormal mode frequencies for the Weyl neutrino field are similar to those for integral spin fields in RN black holes.
8231444
Hawking Radiation from Spherically Symmetrical Gravitational Collapse to an Extremal R-N Black Hole for a Charged Scalar Field*
Si-Jie Gao has recently investigated Hawking radiation from spherically symmetrical gravitational collapse to an extremal R-N black hole for a real scalar field. Especially he estimated the upper bound for the expected number of particles in any wave packet belonging to H-out spontaneously produced from the state \0>(in), which confirms the traditional belief that extremal black holes do not radiate particles. Making some modifications, we demonstrate that the analysis can go through for a charged scalar field.
122996811
Newman-Penrose constants of the Kerr-Newman metric
The Newman-Unti formalism of the Kerr-Newman metric near future null infinity is developed, with which the Newman-Penrose constants for both the gravitational and electromagnetic fields of the Kerr-Newman metric are computed and shown to be zero. The multipole structure near future null infinity in the sense of Janis-Newman of the Kerr-Newman metric is then further studied. It is found that up to the ${2}^{4}$-pole, modulo a constant dependent upon the order of the pole, these multipole moments agree with those of Geroch-Hansen multipole moments defined at spatial infinity.