41015931
Jet tomography of quark gluon plasma
Recent experimental measurements of high pT hadron spectra and jet correlation at RHIC are analyzed within a parton model which incoporates initial jet production and final propagation in heavy-ion collisions. The suppre-sion of single hadron spectra, back-to-back correlation, their centrality dependence and azimuthal anisotropy point to a dense matter with an initial parton density about 30 times of that in a cold heavy nucleus.
126140598
Report of the RHIC Workshop p + A subgroup
17734649
Probe initial parton density and formation time via jet quenching
Medium modification of jet fragmentation function due to multiple scattering and induced gluon radiation leads directly to jet quenching or suppression of leading particle distribution from jet fragmentation. One can extract an effective total parton energy loss which can be related to the total transverse momentum broadening. For an expanding medium, both are shown to be sensitive to the initial parton density and formation time. Therefore, one can extract the initial parton density and formation time from simultaneous measurements of parton energy loss and transverse momentum broadening. Implication of the recent experimental data on effects of detailed balance in parton energy loss is also discussed.
119298211
Relics of Minijets amid Anisotropic Flows in High-energy Heavy-ion Collisions
Two dimensional low-$p_T$ dihadron correlations in azimuthal angle $\phi$ and pseudo-rapidity $\eta$ in high-energy heavy-ion collisions are investigated within both the HIJING Monte Carlo model and an event-by-event (3+1)D ideal hydrodynamic model. Without final-state interaction and collective expansion, dihadron correlations from HIJING simulations have a typical structure from minijets that contains a near-side two-dimensional peak and an away-side ridge along the $\eta$-direction. In contrast, event-by-event (3+1)D ideal hydrodynamic simulations with fluctuating initial conditions from the HIJING+AMPT model produce a strong dihadron correlation that has an away-side as well as a near-side ridge. Relics of intrinsic dihadron correlation from minijets in the initial conditions still remain as superimposed on the two ridges. By varying initial conditions from HIJING+AMPT, we study effects of minijets, non-vanishing initial flow and longitudinal fluctuation on the final state dihadron correlations. With a large rapidity gap, one can exclude near-side correlations from minijet relics and dihadron correlations can be described by the superposition of harmonic flows up to the 6th order. When long-range correlations with a large rapidity gap are subtracted from short-range correlations with a small rapidity gap, the remaining near-side dihadron correlations result solely from relics of minijets. Low transverse momentum hadron yields per trigger ($p_T^{\rm trig} <4$ GeV/$c$, $p_T^{\rm asso}<2$ GeV/$c$) in central heavy-ion collisions are significantly enhanced over that in p+p collisions while widths in azimuthal angle remain the same, in qualitative agreement with experimental data.
42468399
Berry curvature and four-dimensional monopoles in the relativistic chiral kinetic equation.
We derive a relativistic chiral kinetic equation with manifest Lorentz covariance from Wigner functions of spin-1/2 massless fermions in a constant background electromagnetic field. It contains vorticity terms and a four-dimensional Euclidean Berry monopole which gives an axial anomaly. By integrating out the zeroth component of the 4-momentum p, we reproduce the previous three-dimensional results derived from the Hamiltonian approach, together with the newly derived vorticity terms. The phase space continuity equation has an anomalous source term proportional to the product of electric and magnetic fields (FσρF[over ˜]σρ∼EσBσ). This provides a unified interpretation of the chiral magnetic and vortical effects, chiral anomaly, Berry curvature, and the Berry monopole in the framework of Wigner functions.
33523602
Role of multiple minijets in high-energy hadronic reactions.
The multiplicity distributions of charged particles in high-energy hadron collisions including the production of multiple minijets are considered in the framework of the eikonal formalism. Large-multiplicity events at high energies are found to be dominated by the production of many jets with 2{le}{ital P}{sub {ital T}}{le}4 GeV. The contributions from larger-{ital P}{sub {ital T}} minijets become prevailing for high-multiplicity fluctuations in narrow rapidity intervals.
119023635
Dynamics of giant-gravitons in the LLM geometry and the fractional quantum Hall effect
Abstract The LLM's 1 / 2 BPS solutions of IIB supergravity are known to be closely related to the integer quantum Hall droplets with filling factor ν = 1 , and the giant gravitons in the LLM geometry behave like the quasi-holes in those droplets. In this paper we consider how the fractional quantum Hall effect may arise in this context, by studying the dynamics of giant graviton probes in a special LLM geometry, the AdS 5 × S 5 background, that corresponds to a circular droplet. The giant gravitons we study are D3-branes wrapping on a 3-sphere in S 5 . Their low energy world-volume theory, truncated to the 1 / 2 BPS sector, is shown to be described by a Chern–Simons finite-matrix model. We demonstrate that these giant gravitons may condense at right density further into fractional quantum Hall fluid due to the repulsive interaction in the model, giving rise to the new states in IIB string theory. Some features of the novel physics of these new states are discussed.
119206545
TYPE IIn SUPERNOVA SN 2010jl: OPTICAL OBSERVATIONS FOR OVER 500 DAYS AFTER EXPLOSION
We present extensive optical observations of a Type IIn supernova (SN IIn) 2010jl for the first 1.5 years after its discovery. The UBVRI light curves demonstrated an interesting two-stage evolution during the nebular phase, which almost flatten out after about 90 days from the optical maximum. SN 2010jl has one of the highest intrinsic Ha luminosities ever recorded for an SN IIn, especially at late phase, suggesting a strong interaction of SN ejecta with the dense circumstellar material (CSM) ejected by the progenitor. This is also indicated by the remarkably strong Balmer lines persisting in the optical spectra. One interesting spectral evolution about SN 2010jl is the appearance of asymmetry of the Balmer lines. These lines can be well decomposed into a narrow component and an intermediate-width component. The intermediate-width component showed a steady increase in both strength and blueshift with time until t similar to 400 days after maximum, but it became less blueshifted at t similar to 500 days, when the line profile appeared relatively symmetric again. Owing to the fact that a pure reddening effect will lead to a sudden decline of the light curves and a progressive blueshift of the spectral lines, we therefore propose that the asymmetric profiles of H lines seen in SN 2010jl are unlikely due to the extinction by newly formed dust inside the ejecta, contrary to the explanation by some early studies. Based on a simple CSM-interaction model, we speculate that the progenitor of SN 2010jl may suffer a gigantic mass loss (similar to 30-50 M-circle dot) a few decades before explosion. Considering a slow-moving stellar wind (e. g., similar to 28 km s(-1)) inferred for the preexisting, dense CSM shell and the extremely high mass-loss rate (1-2 M-circle dot yr(-1)), we suggest that the progenitor of SN 2010jl might have experienced a red supergiant stage and may explode finally as a post-red supergiant star with an initial mass above 30-40 M-circle dot.
37119712
Heavy Flavor Production at PHENIX at RHIC
A study of heavy flavor production in different collision systems in various kinematic regions presents an opportunity to probe cold nuclear medium and hot dense matter effects. Results from the PHENIX experiment on J/ψ and open charm production in Au+Au and Cu+Cu collisions at sNN =200 GeV are presented. The data show strong J/ψ suppression in central AA collisions, similar to NA50 results, and strong suppression in high pT open charm production. The J/ψ production in Au+Au and d+Au collisions is compared to understand the cold nuclear medium effects. The data show significant cold nuclear effects in charm production in d+Au collisions at forward and backward rapidity ranges.
118745183
WISE DETECTION OF THE GALACTIC LOW-MASS X-RAY BINARIES
We report on the results from our search for the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) detection of the Galactic low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs). Among 187 binaries cataloged in Liu et al., we find 13 counterparts and 2 candidate counterparts. For the 13 counterparts, 2 (4U 0614+091 and GX 339–4) have already been confirmed by previous studies to have a jet and 1 (GRS 1915+105) to have a candidate circumbinary disk, from which the detected infrared emission arose. Having collected the broadband optical and near-infrared data in the literature and constructed flux density spectra for the other 10 binaries, we identify that 3 (A0620–00, XTE J1118+480, and GX 1+4) are candidate circumbinary disk systems, 4 (Cen X-4, 4U 1700+24, 3A 1954+319, and Cyg X-2) had thermal emission from their companion stars, and 3 (Sco X-1, Her X-1, and Swift J1753.5–0127) are peculiar systems with the origin of their infrared emission rather uncertain. We discuss the results and WISE counterparts' brightness distribution among the known LMXBs, and suggest that more than half of the LMXBs would have a jet, a circumbinary disk, or both.
118425985
Spatial anisotropy: a method to study anisotropic flow in heavy ion collisions
We introduce a method to study anisotropic flow parameter vn as a collective probe to Quark Gluon Plasma in relativistic heavy ion collisions. The emphasis is put on the use of the Fourier expansion of initial spatial azimuthal distributions of participant nucleons in the overlapped region. The coefficients n of Fourier expansion are called the spatial anisotropy parameter for the n-th harmonic. We propose that collective dynamics can be studied by vn/n. In this paper, we will discuss in particular the second (n = 2) and the fourth (n = 4) harmonics.