118663090
Neutrino Propagation in Matter
We describe the effects of neutrino propagation in the matter of the Earth relevant to experiments with atmospheric and accelerator neutrinos and aimed at the determination of the neutrino mass hierarchy and CP violation. These include (i) the resonance enhancement of neutrino oscillations in matter with constant or nearly constant density, (ii) adiabatic conversion in matter with slowly changing density, (iii) parametric enhancement of oscillations in a multilayer medium, and (iv) oscillations in thin layers of matter. We present the results of semianalytic descriptions of flavor transitions for the cases of small density perturbations, in the limit of large densities and for small density widths. Neutrino oscillograms of the Earth and their structure after determination of the 1–3 mixing are described. A possibility to identify the neutrino mass hierarchy with the atmospheric neutrinos and multimegaton scale detectors having low energy thresholds is explored. The potential of future accelerator experiments to establish the hierarchy is outlined.
31519375
Multiple spectral splits of supernova neutrinos.
Collective oscillations of supernova neutrinos swap the spectra f(nu(e))(E) and f(nu[over ](e))(E) with those of another flavor in certain energy intervals bounded by sharp spectral splits. This phenomenon is far more general than previously appreciated: typically one finds one or more swaps and accompanying splits in the nu and nu[over ] channels for both inverted and normal neutrino mass hierarchies. Depending on an instability condition, swaps develop around spectral crossings (energies where f(nu(e))=f(nu(x)), f(nu[over ](e))=f(nu[over ](x)) as well as E-->infinity where all fluxes vanish), and the widths of swaps are determined by the spectra and fluxes. Washout by multiangle decoherence varies across the spectrum and splits can survive as sharp spectral features.
59164737
Recent developments in neutrino phenomenology
The first phase of studies of the neutrino mass and mixing is essentially over. The outcome is the discovery of non-zero neutrino mass and determination of the dominant structure of the lepton mixing matrix. In some sense this phase was very simple, and nature was very collaborative with us: Two main effects - the vacuum oscillations and the adiabatic conversion in matter (the MSW-effect) - provide complete interpretation of the experimental results. Furthermore, with the present accuracy of measurements the $3\nu-$mixing analysis is essentially reduced to the $2\nu$ consideration. I will present a concise and comprehensive description of this first phase. The topics include: (i) the concept of neutrino mixing in vacuum and matter; (ii) physics of the oscillations and adiabatic conversion; (iii) the experimental evidences of the flavor transformations and determination of the oscillation parameters. Some implications of the obtained results are discussed. Comments are given on the next phase of the field that will be much more involved.
119540272
Self-induced spectral splits in supernova neutrino fluxes
In the dense-neutrino region above the neutrino sphere of a supernova (r < or approx. 400 km), neutrino-neutrino refraction causes collective flavor transformations. They can lead to 'spectral splits' where an energy E{sub split} splits the transformed spectrum sharply into parts of almost pure but different flavors. Unless there is an ordinary MSW resonance in the dense-neutrino region, E{sub split} is determined by flavor-lepton number conservation alone. Spectral splits are created by an adiabatic transition between regions of large and small neutrino density. We solve the equations of motion in the adiabatic limit explicitly and provide analytic expressions for a generic example.
115887973
Solar neutrinos: Theoretical aspects
18492548
Pontecorvo's original oscillations revisited
Abstract We show that a left-handed neutrino ν L can oscillate into its CPT -conjugate state ν R with maximal amplitude, in direct analogy with K 0 − K 0 oscillations. Peculiarities of such oscillations under different conditions are studied.
18803649
Low-energy moments of heavy quark current correlators at four loops
Abstract We describe several techniques for the calculation of multi-loop integrals and their application to heavy quark current correlators. As new results, we present the four-loop correction to the second and third physical moments in the low-energy expansions of vector, axial-vector and scalar quark current correlators. Using the Ward identity, we obtain the third and fourth moments for the pseudo-scalar correlator. We briefly discuss the impact of these results on the determination of the charm quark mass and the strong coupling constant using lattice simulations for the current correlators and of the charm- and bottom-quark mass from experimental data for σ ( e + e − → hadrons ) .
118529983
ON MASS LIMIT FOR CHIRAL COLOR SYMMETRY G'-BOSON FROM TEVATRON DATA ON $t\bar t$ PRODUCTION
The contributions of G'-boson predicted by the chiral color symmetry of quarks to the cross section $\sigma_{t\bar{t}}$ and to the forward–backward asymmetry $A_{{\rm FB}}^{p \bar p}$ of $t\bar{t}$ production at the Tevatron are calculated with account of the difference of the strengths of the $\bar q q G$ and $\bar q q G^\prime$ interactions. The results are analyzed in dependence on two free parameters of the model, the mixing angle θG and G' mass mG'. The G'-boson contributions to $\sigma_{t\bar{t}}$ and $A_{{\rm FB}}^{p \bar p}$ are shown to be consistent with the Tevatron data on $\sigma_{t\bar{t}}$ and $A_{{\rm FB}}^{p \bar p}$, the allowed region in the mG' - θG plane is discussed and around mG' = 1.2 TeV, θG = 14° the region of 1σ consistency is found.
120577993
Asymptotic behavior of amplitudes for longitudinal-leptoquark processes and structure of the scalar sector in the minimal model involving four-color symmetry
Within the minimal model based on the four-color symmetry of quarks and leptons of the Pati-Salam type, the asymptotic behavior of amplitudes for processes involving longitudinal leptoquarks (and W or Z′ bosons) is investigated, together with the mechanism according to which the growth of these amplitudes at high energies is suppressed by scalar fields. It is shown that, within the Higgs mechanism of mass generation and of the mass splitting of quarks and leptons, the four-color symmetry of quarks and leptons requires that scalar-leptoquark doublets, scalar-gluon doublets, and an extra color-singlet scalar doublet exist in addition to the standard Higgs doublet.
55043207
DESIGN OF THE NUCLOTRON BOOSTER IN THE NICA PROJECT
NICA is the new complex being constructed on the JINR aimed to provide collider experiments with ions up to uranium at energy of 3.5x3.5 GeV/u. The NICA layout includes Electron String Ion Source, 6.2 Mev/u linac, 600 MeV/u booster synchrotron, upgraded Nuclotron and ion collider with average luminosity of 10 27 cm -2 s -1 . The main goals of the Booster are the following: accumulation of 4·10 9 Au 32+ ions; acceleration of the heavy ions up to energy required for effective stripping; forming of the required beam emittance with electron cooling system. The present layout makes it possible to place the Booster having 211 m circumference and four fold symmetry lattice inside the yoke of the Synchrophasotron (shut down in 2002). The features of this booster, the requirement to the main synchrotron systems and their parameters are presented in this paper.
120951273
Parameters S, T, and U of radiative corrections and masses of scalar leptoquarks in the minimal model featuring four-color symmetry
The contributions to the parameters S, T, and U of radiative corrections are discussed within the minimal model featuring four-color symmetry of the Pati-Salam type. A numerical analysis of these contributions is given for the Higgs mechanism of mass generation for scalar leptoquarks and the simplest version of scalar-leptoquark mixing. It is shown that up-to-date experimental data on S, T, and U are compatible with the existence of relatively light scalar leptoquarks (of masses about 1 TeV or below), still lighter scalar leptoquarks (of masses below 1 TeV) improving the agreement of theoretical results with experimental data on S, T, and U.