122556456
Quantization of the electromagnetic field
The question of a canonical quantization of the electromagnetic field as a system with two primary constraints is analyzed. Attention is focused on the following aspects of the problem: 1) the conditions on physical states; 2) the "old" and "new" Gupta formalisms; 3) the interpretation of the operators , ; 4) the vacuum in quantum electrodynamics. The starting point for the analysis is Dirac's quantization recipe for systems with constraints. It is shown that the Fermi formalism with a condition on the physical states is completely correct.
125832909
Exclusion of nonphysical variables in the Hamiltonian path integral
121990400
Integrals over a Grassmann algebra
119699493
String-like excitations in quantum electrodynamics
A study is made of the evolution of string-like excitations of the gauge field (exponentials ordered along the contour of integration) in free quantum electrodynamics and in electrodynamics with static sources. It is shown that such excitations are unstable and are transformed after radiation of excess energy into the field of Coulomb sources. These results are compared with calculations in lattice quantum electrodynamics. It is also shown that in this case the strong-coupling method is not suitable for solving the confinement problem.
122762219
Investigation of effects associated with variation of electric charge on a fused silica test mass
Variation of electric charge on dielectric mirrors can produce excess noise in interferometric gravitational wave detectors. Charge located on the end face of a fused silica cylinder suspended as a torsion pendulum was measured using a multistrip capacitive probe. Two types of behaviour of this system were found in long-term measurements of the free decay pendulum amplitude and voltage from the probe. The first behaviour was characterized by the slow decrease of the pendulum amplitude corresponding to Q = (6–8) × 107 and the slow change of the averaged voltage from the probe corresponding to the charging of the test mass with a rate of the order of 104e/cm2 day. The second behaviour was characterized by the presence of jumps in the amplitude and the probe voltage in which these values changed several orders faster than in the first case. We did not find coincidences between these jumps and signals from plastic scintillators installed around the vacuum chamber to detect cosmic ray showers.
136742334
MEASUREMENTS OF ELECTRICAL CHARGE DISTRIBUTION VARIATIONS ON FUSED SILICA