18086741
What is in One: Uncertainty quantum and Continuum Hypothesis
The concept of measurement is discussed. It is argued that counting process in mathematics is also measurement which requires a basic unit. The idea of scale is put forward. The basic unit itself, which are composed of the infinitesimal of uncertainty quantum, can be regarded as infinite in another scale. Thus infinite, infinitesimal and integer " 1 " are unified. It is proposed that multiplication changes to summation when it is transformed to a larger scale. The Continuum Hypothesis is proved to be correct after a scale transformation.
31200728
Development of SNSPD System With Gifford-McMahon Cryocooler
A superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) system for telecommunication wavelength using a GM cryocooler was developed and its performance was verified. The cryocooler based SNSPD system can operate continuously with a 100 V AC power supply without any cryogen. The packaged SNSPD device was cooled to 2.96 K within a thermal fluctuation range of 10 mK. An SNSPD with an area of 20 times 20 mum2 showed good system detection efficiency (DE) at 100 Hz dark count rate of 2.6% and 4.5% at wavelengths of 1550 and 1310 nm, respectively. An SNSPD with an area of 10 times 10 mum2 and kinetic inductance lower than that of the large area device showed good system DE of 2.6% at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The SNSPD system could be operated for over 10 h with constant system DE and dark count rate.
115394521
System and Its Uncertainty Quanta: Theory of General System (I)
The concept of uncertainty quanta for a general system is introduced and applied to some important problems in physics and mathematics. EPR paradox gives new clue to the further understanding of particle correlation which turns out to be the nature of this world. Randomness in quantum mechanics, statistical physics and chaos is integrated. A picture for a new kind of mathematics is put forward.
119595710
Another derivation of Weinberg's formula
To investigate how quantum effects might modify special relativity, we will study a Lorentz transformation between classical and quantum reference frames and express it in terms of the four-dimensional (4D) momentum of the quantum reference frame. The transition from the classical expression of the Lorentz transformation to a quantum-mechanical one requires us to symmetrize the expression and replace all its dynamical variables with the corresponding operators, from which we can obtain the same conclusion as that from quantum field theory (given by Weinberg's formula): owing to the Heisenberg's uncertainty relation, a particle (as a quantum reference frame) can propagate over a spacelike interval.
119625166
Construction of the Noncommutative Rank I Bergman Domain
In this paper we present a harmonic oscillator realization of the most degenerate discrete series representations of the SU(2,1) group and the deformation quantization of the coset space \(D = SU(2,1)/U(2)\) with the method of coherent state quantization. This short article is based on a talk given at the 9-th International Workshop, Varna “Lie Theory and Its Applications in Physics” (LT-9).
16747983
Non-Abelian quantum Hall states and their quasiparticles: From the pattern of zeros to vertex algebra
In the pattern-of-zeros approach to quantum Hall states, a set of data (n;m;S{sub a}|a=1,...,n;n,m,S{sub a} is n element of N) (called the pattern of zeros) is introduced to characterize a quantum Hall wave function. In this paper we find sufficient conditions on the pattern of zeros so that the data correspond to a valid wave function. Some times, a set of data (n;m;S{sub a}) corresponds to a unique quantum Hall state, while other times, a set of data corresponds to several different quantum Hall states. So in the latter cases, the pattern of zeros alone does not completely characterize the quantum Hall states. In this paper, we find that the following expanded set of data (n;m;S{sub a};c|a=1,...,n;n,m,S{sub a} is an element of N;c is an element of R) provides a more complete characterization of quantum Hall states. Each expanded set of data completely characterizes a unique quantum Hall state, at least for the examples discussed in this paper. The result is obtained by combining the pattern of zeros and Z{sub n} simple-current vertex algebra which describes a large class of Abelian and non-Abelian quantum Hall states PHI{sub Z{sub n}{sup sc}}. The more complete characterization in terms of (n;m;S{sub a};c) allowsmore » us to obtain more topological properties of those states, which include the central charge c of edge states, the scaling dimensions and the statistics of quasiparticle excitations.« less
119791200
Zero-Point Time of Quantum Fields
Based on the first principles and without resorting to any additional assumption, a new physical quantity describing the space-time position of particle-number center of quantum fields is introduced, which can be regarded as a generalized Noether charge related to the symmetry under a local gauge transformation. As an interesting result, one can show that quantum fields have a zero-point time, which is related to the zero-point energy of quantum fields via the Heisenberg uncertainty principle.
98482330
Formation of metal oxides by cathodic arc deposition
Abstract Cathodic arc deposition is an established and industrially applied technique for the formation of nitrides (e.g. TiN); it can also be used for metal oxide thin film formation. A cathodic arc plasma source with the desired cathode material is operated in an oxygen atmosphere of appropriate pressure, and metal oxides of various stoichiometric composition can be formed on different substrates. We report here on a series of experiments on metal oxide formation by cathodic arc deposition for different applications. Black copper oxide has been deposited on accelerator components to increase the radiative heat transfer between the parts. Various metal oxides such as tungsten oxide, niobium oxide, nickel oxide and vanadium oxide have been deposited on ITO glass to form electrochromic films for window applications. Optical waveguide structures can be formed by refractive index variation using oxide multilayers. We have synthesized multilayers of Al 2 O 3 -Y 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 -Si as possible basic structures for passive optoelectronic integrated circuits, and Al 2- x Er x O 3 thin films with a variable Er concentration which is a potential component layer for the production of active optoelectronic integrated devices such as amplifiers or lasers at a wavelength of 1.53 μm. Aluminum and chromium oxide films have been deposited on a number of substrates to impart improved corrosion resistance at high temperature. Titanium sub-oxides which are electrically conductive and corrosion resistant and stable in a number of aggressive environments have been deposited on various substrates. These sub-oxides are of great interest for use in electrochemical cells. Common features of all these depositions are the high deposition rate typical for cathodic arc deposition, the good adhesion of the films due to the high metal ion energy, and the advantage of an environmentally clean method in comparison to wet-chemical oxide formation techniques.