9148058
Challenge to the a theorem in six dimensions.
The possibility of a strong a theorem in six dimensions is examined in multiflavor ϕ^{3} theory. Contrary to the case in two and four dimensions, we find that, in perturbation theory, the relevant quantity a[over ˜] increases monotonically along flows away from the trivial fixed point. a[over ˜] is a natural extension of the coefficient a of the Euler term in the trace anomaly, and it arises in any even spacetime dimension from an analysis based on Weyl consistency conditions. We also obtain the anomalous dimensions and beta functions of multiflavor ϕ^{3} theory to two loops. Our results suggest that some new intuition about the a theorem is in order.
123052577
Unparticle effects on neutrinoless and neutrino double beta decay
The neutrinoless and neutrinos double beta decays are investigated in an effective theory where a scalar unparticle is introduced. We calculate the contributions of a virtual unparticle to the rates of 0ν2β and 2ν2β decays. The unparticle effect is negligibly small when the scaling dimension d of unparticle lies in the region 1.1-1.9. But it can be relatively large when d approaches to 1 or 2. We also study the neutrinoless double beta decay with a real unparticle in the final state which cannot be distinguished from 2ν2β decay in experiment. We consider the unparticle effect on extracting the neutrino mass parameter mββ from experimental data and find that it can be relatively large when d takes certain values.
118041104
Correction to the Running of Gauge Couplings out of Extra Dimensional Gravity
We study the gravitational correction to the gauge couplings in the extra dimension model where the gravity propagates in the (4+n)-dimensional bulk. We show by explicit calculation in the background field method that the one-loop correction coming from graviton Kaluza-Klein states is nontrivial and tends to make the theory anti-asymptotically free. For the theory characterized with asymptotic freedom, the correction will induce a nontrivial UV-stable fixed point. This may lead to an interesting possibility that the non-abelian gauge coupling constants $g_2$ and $g_3$ in the SM and that of the gravity $g_{\kappa}$ unify at the fixed point in the limit of high energy scale.
11989158
Heavy to light meson exclusive semileptonic decays in effective field theory of heavy quarks
We present a general study of exclusive semileptonic decays of heavy (B,D,B-s) to light (pi,rho,K,K-*) mesons in the framework of the effective field theory of heavy quarks. The transition matrix elements of these decays can be systematically characterized by a set of wave functions which are independent of the heavy quark mass except for the implicit scale dependence. Form factors for all these decays are calculated consistently within the effective theory framework using the light cone sum rule method at the leading order of the 1/m(Q) expansion. The branching ratios of these decays are evaluated, and the heavy and light flavor symmetry breaking effects are investigated. We also give a comparison of our results and the predictions from other approaches, among which are the relations proposed recently in the framework of large energy effective theory.
119152066
The Lee–Wick fields out of gravity
Abstract We study the Maxwell–Einstein theory in the framework of effective field theories. We show that the modified one-loop renormalizable Lagrangian due to quantum gravitational effects contains a Lee–Wick vector field as an extra degree of freedom in the theory. Thus gravity provides a natural mechanism for the emergence of this exotic particle.
119075496
HQEFT as a large component QCD and comments on the incompleteness of HQET
The heavy quark effective field theory (HQEFT) is revisited in a more intuitive way. It is shown that HQEFT is a consistent large component QCD of heavy quarks. In the nonrelativistic limit, HQEFT recovers the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD). The resulting new effects in the HQEFT of QCD are carefully re-examined. It is then natural to give comments on the usual heavy quark effective theory (HQET). Consistent phenomenological applications of HQEFT exhibit its interesting features and completeness in comparison with HQET. It then becomes manifest why we shall base on the HQEFT of QCD rather than HQET which is incomplete for computing 1/mQ corrections. More precise extraction for ∣Vcb∣ and ∣Vub∣ in the HQEFT of QCD is emphasized.
117276480
The Sun's Origin, Composition and Source of Energy
Composition: Diffusion enriches lighter elements and the lighter isotopes of each element at the solar surface. When corrected for mass fractionation, the most abundant nuclide that accreted on the Sun was shown to be Fe, the decay product of doubly-magic Ni; the next most abundant nuclide is the doublymagic O. These nuclides were recently observed in the ash of SN 1987A. The most abundant elements Fe, Ni, O, Si, S, Mg, and Ca are the seven, even-Z elements that Harkins found to comprise 99% of ordinary meteorites. The least abundant elements Li, Be and B have loosely bound nucleons, confirming a link between abundance and nuclear structure hidden beneath the Sun’s H-rich surface, with one conspicuous and important exception an excess of protons.
36976273
Discovery of a potent and selective aurora kinase inhibitor.
This communication describes the discovery of a novel series of Aurora kinase inhibitors. Key SAR and critical binding elements are discussed. Some of the more advanced analogues potently inhibit cellular proliferation and induce phenotypes consistent with Aurora kinase inhibition. In particular, compound 21 (SNS-314) is a potent and selective Aurora kinase inhibitor that exhibits significant activity in pre-clinical in vivo tumor models.