7472011
PCFGs with Syntactic and Prosodic Indicators of Speech Repairs
A grammatical method of combining two kinds of speech repair cues is presented. One cue, prosodic disjuncture, is detected by a decision tree-based ensemble classifier that uses acoustic cues to identify where normal prosody seems to be interrupted (Lickley, 1996). The other cue, syntactic parallelism, codifies the expectation that repairs continue a syntactic category that was left unfinished in the reparandum (Levelt, 1983). The two cues are combined in a Treebank PCFG whose states are split using a few simple tree transformations. Parsing performance on the Switchboard and Fisher corpora suggests that these two cues help to locate speech repairs in a synergistic way.
5567072
Surprising Parser Actions and Reading Difficulty
An incremental dependency parser's probability model is entered as a predictor in a linear mixed-effects model of German readers' eye-fixation durations. This dependency-based predictor improves a baseline that takes into account word length, n-gram probability, and Cloze predictability that are typically applied in models of human reading. This improvement obtains even when the dependency parser explores a tiny fraction of its search space, as suggested by narrow-beam accounts of human sentence processing such as Garden Path theory.
40279293
Implementation and Verification of Programmable Security
This paper presents a methodology for augmenting programming languages with configurable security services. In particular, it describes JPAC, a Java extension that provides syntax for expressing discretionary package-based access control. Access control is based on a variation of a ticket-based authorization model. The authorization model has been succesfully implemented in the Isabelle theorem proving environment. Moreover, a novel cryptographic verification formalism is used to analyze JPAC’s secure method invocation protocol. Programmable security architectures and cryptographic protocol verification formalisms used in concert can provide verifiably secure programming systems for Internet applications.
32535650
Toward Robust and Extensible Automatic Protocol Identification
A fingerprint sensor having a holographic phase grating glued on one right angle surface of a prism is described where a light source oriented normally relative to the hypotenuse surface of the prism illuminates an interface of the grating and finger surface. Incident light rays are refracted and absorbed where ridges of the finger surface contact the grating surface, whereas light rays are totally internally reflected in areas between and pores in finger surface ridges not in contact the grating surface. The reflected light rays, diffracted by the holographic phase grating, propagate normally ( ORTHOGONAL ) back into the right angle prism where they are reflected normally ( ORTHOGONAL ) out the remaining right angle surface of the prism by a second total internal reflection at the internal hypotenuse surface of the prism. The reflected light rays emerging from the sensor contain high contrast, detailed images of the ridges and valleys of the finger surface including pores in the ridges, i.e., a high quality fingerprint image oriented in a plane normal to the optical axis. The holographic phase grating eliminates image distortion due dimensional compression, and there is no necessity for optically correcting astigmatism in the image before capture. Fingerprint images of a quality that allows resolution of pores on the finger surface ridges are reliably obtained making the invented fingerprint sensor ideally suited for providing input to fingerprint recording, recognition and verification systems.
30960703
Issues and Techniques for Redacting PDF Files
The PDF (portable data format) file format is the de facto standard for platform-independent document creation, distribution, and archiving. However, due to the complexity of the PDF data format and the currently incomplete redaction methodologies, the confidentiality and integrity of current forensic PDF redaction is questionable. In-depth analysis of the failures of current redaction tools combined with unrecognized issues of redacting data from PDF files mandate additional design goals and considerations for a correct redaction methodology. A proof-of-concept bitwise redaction tool demonstrates solutions to such problems and was specifically developed to support low-level file redaction.
20438390
Programmable Access Control
Software developers rely on sophisticated programming language protection models and APIs to manifest security policies for Internet applications. These tools do not provide suitable expressiveness for fine-grained, configurable policies. Nor do they ensure the consistency of a given policy implementation across objects in a heterogeneous environment. Programmable access control provides syntactic and semantic constructs in programming languages for systematically embedding security functionality within applications. Secure interoperability is of utmost importance in a distributed heterogeneous environment This paper introduces a methodology for programmable security by language extension, as well as a prototype model and implementation of JPAC, a programmable access control extension to Java. A coor-. dination language is also presented to support secure interoperability within the framework.