123483800
The Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn sum rule at MAMI
Abstract.An extended experimental program to investigate the Gerasimov-Drell-Hearn (GDH) sum rule and related partial reaction cross sections on proton and neutron has been carried out by the GDH collaboration at the electron accelerators MAMI (Mainz) and ELSA (Bonn). The GDH sum rule connects the helicity-dependent photoabsorption cross section with the anomalous magnetic moment of the nucleon. The GDH collaboration has measured the total cross section of circularly polarised photons with longitudinally polarised protons at MAMI and ELSA to check this sum rule experimentally. In addition partial reaction channels like pion, double pion and eta production were determined. This provides new information on the helicity-dependent excitation spectrum of the nucleon. With the help of partial wave analyses it is possible to extract new, complementary information on the broad, overlapping resonances in this energy region. The double polarisation observable E measured in this experiment enhances the smaller multipoles via interference terms. The analysis of our data provides a new possibility to study the photon couplings to the nucleon resonances, especially above the Δ resonance where many properties of the observed states (e.g., coupling constants, branching ratios, helicity amplitudes) are only poorly known. In this paper we present several new results from our measurements on polarised proton and deuteron targets.
15366431
Upgrade of the Glasgow photon tagging spectrometer for Mainz MAMI-C
The Glasgow photon tagging spectrometer at Mainz has been upgraded so that it can be used with the 1500MeV electron beam now available from the Mainz microtron MAMI-C. The changes made and the resulting properties of the spectrometer are discussed.
94396828
Butanol in the Frozen Spin Mode
Measurements of the polarization build-up in butanol at 3.5 T are presented. Measurements of the proton relaxation times in the frozen spin mode were performed at magnetic fields of 0.5 and 0.35 Tesla, leading to the conclusion that butanol is a suitable material for the Bonn Frozen Spin Target.
120805738
The Bonn polarized target NMR-system
Abstract The Bonn frozen spin target is used for meson photoproduction experiments in combination with the facility PHOENICS at ELSA. The maximum polarization field of 7 T is provided by a superconducting solenoid. For electron scattering experiments a target apparatus which uses a superconducting 4 T magnet in a Helmholtz configuration is employed. For dynamic nuclear polarization of protons or deuterons various microwaves sources with frequencies of 70 GHz, 98 GHz or 140 GHz are available. Ammonia, butanol and lithium hydrids are used as target materials. The main part of the polarization detection system is the so-called Liverpool nuclear magnetic resonance module, which ensures a high flexibility for the polarization measurements of different nuclear species, e.g. 15 N at 2.5 T ( f L =10.8 MHz) and protons at 50 T ( f L =213 MHz).
120449636
The new Bonn frozen spin target for experiments with real photons
At the new Bonn Electron Stretcher Accelerator ELSA scattering experiments with real photons in the single pion photoproduction γ N → π N and in the photodisintegration of the deuteron γ N pn are prepared. To determine these processes completely, it is nessesary to measure single and double polarisation observables. For these experiments a new’bonn frozen spin target’ BOFROST was developed. The target with a maximum volume of 30 cm3 is cooled in a vertical 3He/4He — dilution refrigerator. In the’frozen spin mode’ a lowest temperature of 64 mK was reached.
19511077
Narrow structure in the excitation function of η photoproduction off the neutron.
The photoproduction of η mesons off nucleons bound in 2H and 3He has been measured in coincidence with recoil protons and recoil neutrons for incident photon energies from threshold up to 1.4 GeV. The experiments were performed at the Mainz MAMI accelerator, using the Glasgow tagged photon facility. Decay photons from the η→2γ and η→3π0 decays and the recoil nucleons were detected with an almost 4π electromagnetic calorimeter combining the Crystal Ball and TAPS detectors. The data from both targets are of excellent statistical quality and show a narrow structure in the excitation function of γn→nη. The results from the two measurements are consistent, taking into account the expected effects from nuclear Fermi motion. The best estimates for position and intrinsic width of the structure are W=(1670±5)  MeV and Γ=(30±15)  MeV. For the first time precise results for the angular dependence of this structure have been extracted.
5732391
A New analysis of charge symmetry violation in parton distributions
Abstract To date, the strongest indication of charge symmetry violation in parton distributions has been obtained by comparing the F 2 structure functions from CCFR neutrino data and NMC muon data. We show that in order to make precise tests of charge symmetry with the neutrino data, two conditions must be satisfied. First, the nuclear shadowing calculations must be made explicitly for neutrinos, not simply taken from muon data on nuclei. Second, the contribution of strange and charm quarks should be calculated explicitly using next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD, and the “slow rescaling” charm threshold correction should not be applied to the neutrino data. When these criteria are satisfied, the comparison is consistent with charge symmetry within the experimental errors and the present uncertainty in the strange quark distribution of the nucleon.
121800391
Modelling QCD: Probes of hadron structure
Abstract We review some of the presentations in the third session on Modelling QCD. We focus on the discussion concerning the spin structure of the nucleon, the pion electromagnetic form factor and electromagnetic corrections to the masses of hadronic systems.
118678988
Constrained $\gamma Z$ interference corrections to parity-violating electron scattering
We present a comprehensive analysis of gamma-Z interference corrections to the weak charge of the proton measured in parity-violating electron scattering, including a survey of existing models and a critical analysis of their uncertainties. Constraints from parton distributions in the deep-inelastic region, together with new data on parity-violating electron scattering in the resonance region, result in significantly smaller uncertainties on the corrections compared to previous estimates. At the kinematics of the Qweak experiment, we determine the gamma-Z box correction to be Re\box_{gamma-Z}^V = (5.61 +- 0.36) x 10^{-3}. The new constraints also allow precise predictions to be made for parity-violating deep-inelastic asymmetries on the deuteron.
73579414
Production of a cascade hyperon in the K^- - proton interaction
We investigate the production of a cascade hyperon (�) through the K +p ! K + (K 0 )+� (� 0 ) reactions, within an effective Lagrangian model where these reactions proceed via excitations of � andresonance intermediate states in s- and u-channels. The coupling constants at the various vertices are taken from previous studies and SU(3) symmetry considerations. The calculated total cross sections of these reactions, which are in good agreement with the available data, are dominated by the contributions from the �(1520) intermediate resonant state. However, the K + meson angular distributions show selectivity to other resonant states in different angular regions and interference among these states leads to their strong backward peaking.
119306741
The Radius of the Proton: Size Does Matter
The measurement by Pohl et al. [1] of the 2S1/2F = 1 to 2P3/2F = 2 transition in muonic hydrogen and the subsequent analysis has led to a conclusion that the rms charge radius of the proton differs from the accepted (CODATA [2]) value by approximately 4%, leading to a 4.9σ discrepancy. We investigate the muonic hydrogen spectrum relevant to this transition using bound‐state QED with Dirac wave‐functions and comment on the extent to which the perturbation‐theory analysis which leads to the above conclusion can be confirmed.