6462785
Intelligent Output Interface for Intelligent Medical Search Engine
To facilitate ordinary people to search medical information, we have built an intelligent medical Web search engine called iMed. iMed uses medical knowledge and an interactive questionnaire to find multiple diseases serving as queries. The search results of these queries are combined together and returned to the searcher in a traditional sequential order. Nevertheless, searchers still frequently miss desired information, because the traditional search result output interface cannot capture the internal structures of medical search results. This paper presents a new, intelligent search result output interface devoted to intelligent medical search. The new output interface automatically offers searchers what they want instead of waiting until they ask explicitly. It structures all the search results into a multi-level hierarchy with explicitly marked medical meanings. In this way, searchers can efficiently navigate among all the search results and quickly obtain desired information. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our techniques through an evaluation using USMLE medical exam cases.
14863037
Resource-adaptive real-time new event detection
In a document streaming environment, online detection of the first documents that mention previously unseen events is an open challenge. For this online new event detection (ONED) task, existing studies usually assume that enough resources are always available and focus entirely on detection accuracy without considering efficiency. Moreover, none of the existing work addresses the issue of providing an effective and friendly user interface. As a result, there is a significant gap between the existing systems and a system that can be used in practice. In this paper, we propose an ONED framework with the following prominent features. First, a combination of indexing and compression methods is used to improve the document processing rate by orders of magnitude without sacrificing much detection accuracy. Second, when resources are tight, a resource-adaptive computation method is used to maximize the benefit that can be gained from the limited resources. Third, when the new event arrival rate is beyond the processing capability of the consumer of the ONED system, new events are further filtered and prioritized before they are presented to the consumer. Fourth, implicit citation relationships are created among all the documents and used to compute the importance of document sources. This importance information can guide the selection of document sources. We implemented a prototype of our framework on top of IBM's Stream Processing Core middleware. We also evaluated the effectiveness of our techniques on the standard TDT5 benchmark. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first implementation of a real application in a large-scale stream processing system.
235091
Efficient detection of empty-result queries
Frequently encountered in query processing, empty query results usually do not provide users with much useful information. Yet, users might still have to wait for a long time before they disappointingly realize that their results are empty. To significantly reduce such unfavorable delays, in this paper, we propose a novel method to quickly detect, without actual execution, those queries that will return empty results. Our key idea is to remember and reuse the results from previously-executed, empty-result queries. These results are stored in the form of so-called atomic query parts so that the (partial) results from multiple queries can be combined together to handle a new query without incurring much overhead. To increase our chance of detecting empty-result queries with only a limited storage, our method (1) stores the most "valuable" information about empty-result queries, (2) removes redundant information among different empty-result queries, (3) continuously updates the stored information to adapt to the current query pattern, and (4) utilizes a set of special properties of empty results. We evaluate the efficiency of our method through a theoretical analysis and an initial implementation in PostgreSQL. The results show that our method has low overhead and can often successfully avoid executing empty-result queries.
11663917
On iterative intelligent medical search
Searching for medical information on the Web has become highly popular, but it remains a challenging task because searchers are often uncertain about their exact medical situations and unfamiliar with medical terminology. To address this challenge, we have built an intelligent medical Web search engine called iMed, which uses medical knowledge and an interactive questionnaire to help searchers form queries. This paper focuses on iMed's iterative search advisor, which integrates medical and linguistic knowledge to help searchers improve search results iteratively. Such an iterative process is common for general Web search, and especially crucial for medical Web search, because searchers often miss desired search results due to their limited medical knowledge and the task's inherent difficulty. iMed's iterative search advisor helps the searcher in several ways. First, relevant symptoms and signs are automatically suggested based on the searcher's description of his situation. Second, instead of taking for granted the searcher's answers to the questions, iMed ranks and recommends alternative answers according to their likelihoods of being the correct answers. Third, related MeSH medical phrases are suggested to help the searcher refine his situation description. We demonstrate the effectiveness of iMed's iterative search advisor by evaluating it using real medical case records and USMLE medical exam questions.
7442505
Transaction Reordering and Grouping for Continuous Data Loading
With the increasing popularity of operational data warehousing, the ability to load data quickly and continuously into an RDBMS is becoming more and more important. However, in the presence of materialized join views, loading data concurrently into multiple base relations of the same materialized join view can cause a severe deadlock problem. To solve this problem, we propose reordering the data to be loaded so that at any time, for any materialized join view, data is only loaded into one of its base relations. Also, for load transactions on the relations that contain "aggregate" attributes, we propose using pre-aggregation to reduce the number of SQL statements in the load transactions. The advantages of our methods are demonstrated through experiments with a commercial parallel RDBMS.
11082409
Answering relationship queries on the web
Finding relationships between entities on the Web, e.g., the connections between different places or the commonalities of people, is a novel and challenging problem. Existing Web search engines excel in keyword matching and document ranking, but they cannot well handle many relationship queries. This paper proposes a new method for answering relationship queries on two entities. Our method first respectively retrieves the top Web pages for either entity from a Web search engine. It then matches these Web pages and generates an ordered list of Web page pairs. Each Web page pair consists of one Web page for either entity. The top ranked Web page pairs are likely to contain the relationships between the two entities. One main challenge in the ranking process is to effectively filter out the large amount of noise in the Web pages without losing much useful information. To achieve this, our method assigns appropriate weights to terms in Web pages and intelligently identifies the potential connecting terms that capture the relationships between the two entities. Only those top potential connecting terms with large weights are used to rank Web page pairs. Finally, the top ranked Web page pairs are presented to the searcher. For each such pair, the query terms and the top potential connecting terms are properly highlighted so that the relationships between the two entities can be easily identified. We implemented a prototype on top of the Google search engine and evaluated it under a wide variety of query scenarios. The experimental results show that our method is effective at finding important relationships with low overhead.
8980668
Generating Synchronizable Test Sequences Based on Finite State Machine with Distributed Ports
In the area of testing communication systems, the interfaces between systems to be tested and their testers have great impact on test generation and fault detectability. Several types of such interfaces have been standardized by the International Standardization Organization (ISO). A general distributed test architecture, containing distributed interfaces, has been presented in the literature for testing distributed systems based on the Open Distributing Processing (ODP) Basic Reference Model (BRM), which is a generalized version of ISO distributed test architecture. We study in this paper the issue of test selection with respect to such an test architecture. In particular, we consider communication systems that can be modeled by finite state machines with several distributed interfaces, called ports. A test generation method is developed for generating test sequences for such finite state machines, which is based on the idea of synchronizable test sequences. 
 
Starting from the initial effort by Sarikaya, a certain amount of work has been done for generating test sequences for finite state machines with respect to the ISO distributed test architecture, all based on the idea of modifying existing test generation methods to generate synchronizable test sequences. However, none studies the fault coverage provided by their methods. We investigate the issue of fault coverage and point out a fact that the methods given in the literature for the distributed test architecture cannot ensure the same fault coverage as the corresponding original testing methods. We also study the limitation of fault detectability in the distributed test architecture.
18530879
Detection of Hidden Information in Webpages Based on Randomness
An effective detection algorithm based on the randomness is devised in this paper for stego-webpages with different steganographies. The parts where secret information embedded in a webpage can generally be represented as two states, which can be described in binary code string. The randomness of the states varies a great deal depending on the webpage part carrying secret information or not. This paper presents a procedure to transform the binary code string into octal string to capture the randomness, from which some statistical features have been discovered. The theoretical description and proof are given that these features can be employed as a criterion to test whether a webpage contains secret information or not. Experiments show that this algorithm can effectively detect the stego-webpages based on letter changing in tags and invisible characters embedding.
30097914
Improved Method for Network Danger Evaluation Based on Immunology Principle
This paper proposes an improved immunological surveillance for network danger evaluation model, focusing on intrusion detection and countermeasures with respect to widely-used networks. An improved intrusion detection mechanism based on self-tolerance, clone selection, and immune surveillance is established. A new network security evaluation method using antibody concentration to quantitatively analyze the degree of intrusion danger level is presented. Additionally, this new hierarchical management framework of the proposed model adopt to improve the detection efficiency and to overcome the shortcoming of the local optimum. The experimental results show that the proposed model is a good solution for network security evaluation.
17174750
Test Selection Based on Communicating Nondeterministic Finite-State Machines Using a Generalized WP-Method
Presents a method of generating test sequences for concurrent programs and communication protocols that are modeled as communicating nondeterministic finite-state machines (CNFSMs). A conformance relation, called trace-equivalence, is defined within this model, serving as a guide to test generation. A test generation method for a single nondeterministic finite-state machine (NFSM) is developed, which is an improved and generalized version of the Wp-method that generates test sequences only for deterministic finite-state machines. It is applicable to both nondeterministic and deterministic finite-state machines. When applied to deterministic finite-state machines, it yields usually smaller test suites with full fault coverage than the existing methods that also provide full fault coverage, provided that the number of states in implementation NFSMs are bounded by a known integer. For a system of CNFSMs, the test sequences are generated in the following manner: a system of CNFSMs is first reduced into a single NFSM by reachability analysis; then the test sequences are generated from the resulting NFSM using the generalized Wp-method. >
15413027
Research on Steganalysis for Text Steganography Based on Font Format
In the research area of text steganography, algorithms based on font format have advantages of great capacity, good imperceptibility and wide application range. However, little work on steganalysis for such algorithms has been reported in the literature. Based on the fact that the statistic features of font format will be changed after using font-format-based steganographic algorithms, we present a novel Support Vector Machine-based steganalysis algorithm to detect whether hidden information exists or not. This algorithm can not only effectively detect the existence of hidden information, but also estimate the hidden information length according to variations of font attribute value. As shown by experimental results, the detection accuracy of our algorithm reaches as high as 99.3% when the hidden information length is at least 16 bits.