118674075
Sequential deconfinement of quark flavors in neutron stars
A scenario is suggested in which the three light quark flavors are sequentially deconfined under increasing pressure in cold asymmetric nuclear matter as found, for example, in neutron stars. The basis for this analysis is a chiral quark matter model of Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) type with diquark pairing in the spin-1 single-flavor, spin-0 two-flavor, and three-flavor channels. Nucleon dissociation sets in at about the saturation density, n{sub 0}, when the down-quark Fermi sea is populated (d-quark drip line) because of the flavor asymmetry induced by {beta} equilibrium and charge neutrality. At about 3n{sub 0}, u-quarks appear and a two-flavor color superconducting (2SC) phase is formed. The s-quark Fermi sea is populated only at still higher baryon density, when the quark chemical potential is of the order of the dynamically generated strange quark mass. Two different hybrid equations of state (EOSs) are constructed using the Dirac-Brueckner Hartree-Fock (DBHF) approach and the EOS of Shen et al.[H. Shen, H. Toki, K. Oyamatsu, and K. Sumiyoshi, Nucl. Phys. A637, 435 (1998)] in the nuclear matter sector. The corresponding hybrid star sequences have maximum masses of 2.1 and 2.0 M{sub {center_dot}}, respectively. Two- and three-flavor quark-matter phases exist only in gravitationally unstable hybrid star solutionsmore » in the DBHF case, whereas the Shen-based EOSs produce stable configurations with a 2SC phase component in the core of massive stars. Nucleon dissociation via d-quark drip could act as a deep crustal heating process, which apparently is required to explain superbursts and cooling of x-ray transients.« less
119202592
Thermodynamic Instabilities in Dynamical Quark Models with Complex Conjugate Mass Poles
We show that the Cornwall-Jackiw-Tomboulis thermodynamic potential of dynamical quark models with a quark propagator represented by complex conjugate mass poles inevitably exhibits thermodynamic instabilities. We find that the minimal coupling of the quark sector to a Polyakov loop potential can strongly suppress but not completely remove such instabilities. This general effect is explicitly demonstrated in the framework of a covariant, chirally symmetric, effective quark model.
118475829
Chiral condensate and the structure of hadrons
A model of hadron masses based on the quark structure of hadrons combined with effects of chiral dynamics is used to calculate the 2+1 flavour chiral condensate in the hadron resonance gas framework. Results are discussed in the context of recent lattice QCD data. Improvements of the dynamical models of hadron structure are suggested with the aim to estimate the strange sigma term of the nucleon.
44204788
Chiral Condensate and Mott–Anderson Freeze-Out
We present the idea of a Mott–Anderson freeze-out that suggests a key role of the localization of the hadron wave functions when traversing the hadronization transition. The extension of hadron wave functions in dense matter is governed by the behavior of the chiral quark condensate such that its melting at finite temperatures and chemical potentials entails an increase of the size of hadrons and thus their geometrical strong interaction cross sections. It is demonstrated within a schematic resonance gas model, that a kinetic freeze-out condition reveals a correlation with the reduction of the chiral condensate in the phase diagram up to 50% of its vacuum value. Generalizing the description of the chiral condensate by taking into account a full hadron resonance gas such correlation gets distorted. We discuss, that this may be due to our approximations in calculating the chiral condensate which disregard both, in-medium effects on hadron masses and hadron–hadron interactions. The latter, in particular due to quark exchange reactions, could lead to a delocalization of the hadron wave functions in accordance with the picture of a Mott–Anderson transition.
119222844
Kinetics of Photon Radiation off an e–e+-Plasma Created from the Vacuum in a Strong Laser Field
We consider the one-photon annihilation mechanism in a electron - positron quasiparticle plasma (EPP) created from the vacuum in a strong subcritical laser field due to the dynamical Schwinger mechanism. On the basis of a kinetic theory approach we show that the secondary photons have a radiation spectrum proportional to 1/k (flicker noise). This effect is very small for EPP excitations in the optical spectrum but can reach quite observable values in the γ -ray region (© 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
5817770
Cooling of neutron stars with color superconducting quark cores
We show that within a recently developed nonlocal chiral quark model the critical density for a phase transition to color superconducting quark matter under neutron star conditions can be low enough for these phases to occur in compact star configurations with masses below 1.3 M ⊙ . We study the cooling of these objects in isolation for different values of the gravitational mass and argue that, if the quark matter phase would allow unpaired quarks, the corresponding hybrid stars would cool too fast. The comparison with observational data puts tight constraints on possible color superconducting quark matter phases. Possible candidates with diquark gaps of the order of 10 keV - 1 MeV such as the "2SC+X" and the color spin locking (CSL) phase are presented.
3018752
A generalization of Slavnov-extended non-commutative gauge theories
We consider a non-commutative U(1) gauge theory in 4 dimensions with a modified Slavnov term [1] which looks similar to the 3-dimensional BF model. In choosing a space-like axial gauge fixing we find a new vector supersymmetry which is used to show that the model is free of UV/IR problems, just as in the previously discussed model [2, 3]. Finally, we present generalizations of our proposed model to higher dimensions.
59471827
Special Geometries Emerging from Yang-Mills Type Matrix Models
I review some recent results which demonstrate how various geometries, such as Schwarzschild and Reissner-Nordstrom, can emerge from Yang-Mills type matrix models with branes. Furthermore, explicit embeddings of these branes as well as appropriate Poisson structures and starproducts which determine the non-commutativity of space-time are provided. These structures are motivated by higher order terms in the effective matrix model action which semi-classically lead to an Einstein-Hilbert type action.
119232022
Compactified rotating branes in the matrix model, and excitation spectrum towards one loop
We study compactified brane solutions of type $\mathbb{R}^{4} \times K$ in the IIB matrix model, and obtain explicitly the bosonic and fermionic fluctuation spectrum required to compute the one-loop effective action. We verify that the one-loop contributions are UV finite for $\mathbb{R}^{4} \times T^{2}$, and supersymmetric for $\mathbb{R}^{3} \times S^{1}$. The higher Kaluza–Klein modes are shown to have a gap in the presence of flux on T2, and potential problems concerning stability are discussed.
118514407
On the renormalization of non-commutative field theories
This paper addresses three topics concerning the quantization of non-commutative field theories (as defined in terms of the Moyal star product involving a constant tensor describing the non-commutativity of coordinates in Euclidean space). To start with, we discuss the Quantum Action Principle and provide evidence for its validity for non-commutative quantum field theories by showing that the equation of motion considered as insertion in the generating functional Zc[j] of connected Green functions makes sense (at least at one-loop level). Second, we consider the generalization of the BPHZ renormalization scheme to non-commutative field theories and apply it to the case of a self-interacting real scalar field: Explicit computations are performed at one-loop order and the generalization to higher loops is commented upon. Finally, we discuss the renormalizability of various models for a self-interacting complex scalar field by using the approach of algebraic renormalization.
16048421
Gauge Theories on Deformed Spaces
The aim of this review is to present an overview over available models and approaches to non-commutative gauge theory. Our main focus thereby is on gauge models formulated on flat Groenewold-Moyal spaces and renormalizability, but we will also review other deformations and try to point out common features. This review will by no means be complete and cover all approaches, it rather reflects a highly biased selection.