premise: Based upon your understanding of normal cardiac function, discuss how the following heart pathologies might affect pressures, blood flow, contractility, stroke volume, cardiac output, or any other cardiac mechanism (45 minutes).
hypothesis: The term cardiac output, calculated by multiplying heart contractions by stroke volume, means the volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute.
hypothesis_graph_structure: The term cardiac output<>calculated<>by multiplying heart contractions by stroke volume$$$The term cardiac output, calculated by multiplying heart contractions by stroke volume<>means<>the volume of blood pumped by the heart in one minute