( ( ( Maternal effects ) ( on development ) ) ( ( can ( be ( investigated ( by ( ( ( placing ( half ( an embryo ) ) ) ( into ( ( one kind ) ( of ( ( female and ) ( the ( matching ( identical half ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( into another ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (JJ Maternal) (NNS effects)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN development)))) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN investigated) (PP (IN by) (S (VP (VBG placing) (NP (PDT half) (DT an) (NN embryo)) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (CD one) (NN kind)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NN female)) (CC and) (NP (DT the) (JJ matching) (JJ identical) (NN half)))))) (PP (IN into) (NP (DT another))))))))) (. .)))
Maternal effects on development can be investigated by placing half an embryo into one kind of female and the matching identical half into another.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNS Invertebrates)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (CC and) (NP (JJR higher) (NNS animals)) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (VP (MD can) (ADVP (RB also)) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN placed) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (CD one)) (PP (IN of) (NP (CD two) (NNS groups))))) (PP (VBN based) (PP (IN on) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB how)) (S (NP (PRP they)) (VP (VBP develop) (PP (IN as) (NP (NNS embryos))))))))))) (. .)))
Invertebrates (and higher animals) can also be placed in one of two groups based on how they develop as embryos.