( ( In ( the polymerization ) ) ( , ( ( ( ( ( ( the ( carbon-carbon ( pi bond ) ) ) ( -LRB- ( ( in ( the ( vinyl group ) ) ) -RRB- ) ) ) ( is broken ) ) and ) ( ( a ( new ( carbon-carbon ( single ( ( -LRB- ( sigma -RRB- ) ) bond ) ) ) ) ) ( is ( ( formed , ) ( ( attaching ( another ( styrene monomer ) ) ) ( to ( the chain ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) )
(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT the) (NN polymerization))) (, ,) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ carbon-carbon) (NN pi) (NN bond)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN vinyl) (NN group))) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN broken)))) (CC and) (S (NP (DT a) (JJ new) (JJ carbon-carbon) (FW single) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NNP sigma)) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (NN bond)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN formed) (, ,) (S (VP (VBG attaching) (NP (DT another) (JJ styrene) (NN monomer)) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT the) (NN chain)))))))) (. .)))
In the polymerization, the carbon-carbon pi bond (in the vinyl group) is broken and a new carbon-carbon single (sigma) bond is formed, attaching another styrene monomer to the chain.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Carbon)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (X (SYM c)) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ essential) (PP (TO to) (S (VP (VBG living) (NP (NNS organisms)) (PP (IN because) (NP (NP (NN carbon) (NNS bonds)) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ many) (NNS ways))))) (PP (IN with) (NP (PRP itself))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB form) (NP (NNS chains)))))))))) (. .)))
Carbon (c) is essential to living organisms because carbon bonds in many ways with itself to form chains.