( This ( ( caused ( them ( to ( ( turn ( the ( counter wheels ) ) ) ( by ( the ( appropriate amounts ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (DT This)) (VP (VBD caused) (S (NP (PRP them)) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB turn) (NP (DT the) (NN counter) (NNS wheels)) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT the) (JJ appropriate) (NNS amounts))))))) (. .)))
This caused them to turn the counter wheels by the appropriate amounts.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT The) (NN turning) (NN driveshaft)) (VP (VBZ causes) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS wheels)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN car) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB turn)))))))) (. .)))
The turning driveshaft causes the wheels of the car to turn.