( ( 1 . ) ( ( ( Spines = ) ( modified leave ) ) ( -LRB- ( ( various cactuses ) -RRB- ) ) ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (CD 1) (. .)) (VP (NP (NP (NNP Spines) (NNP =)) (VP (VBN modified) (S (VP (VB leave))))) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (JJ various) (NNS cactuses)) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))
1. Spines = modified leave (various cactuses)
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NNS spines)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN cactus)))) (VP (VBP help) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP it)) (VP (VBP survive) (SBAR (IN because) (S (NP (NNS spines)) (VP (VB protect) (NP (DT the) (NN cactus)) (PP (IN from) (NP (NNS animals)))))))))) (. .)))