( ( ( The ( major novelty ) ) ( in ( the ( post-Cambrian ( animal kingdom ) ) ) ) ) ( ( were ( ( legged animals ) ( in ( ( ( ( the phyla ) ( of ( ( ( the arthropods ) and ) ( the vertebrates ) ) ) ) , ) ( which ( ( occupied ( new ( ecological niches ) ) ) ( on ( ( the land ) ( -LRB- ( ( ( Raff , ) 1996 ) -RRB- ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJ major) (NN novelty)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (JJ post-Cambrian) (NN animal) (NN kingdom)))) (VP (VBD were) (VP (VBN legged) (NP (NNS animals)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN phyla)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS arthropods)) (CC and) (NP (DT the) (NNS vertebrates)))) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBD occupied) (NP (JJ new) (JJ ecological) (NNS niches)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN land)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NNP Raff)) (, ,) (NP (CD 1996)) (-RRB- -RRB-))))))))))) (. .)))
The major novelty in the post-Cambrian animal kingdom were legged animals in the phyla of the arthropods and the vertebrates, which occupied new ecological niches on the land (Raff, 1996).
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN majority)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS arthropods)))) (VP (VBP live) (PP (IN on) (NP (NN land)))) (. .)))