( Descartes ( ( describes ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( substances ( as ( ( consisting only ) ( of ( three ( elementary elements ) ) ) ) ) ) : ) ( ( ( fire ( , ( ( air and ) earth ) ) ) , ) ( ( from which ) ( ( ( the properties ) ( of ( any substance ) ) ) ( can ( be ( characterized ( by ( ( its composition ) ( of ( these elements ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) , ) ( ( the ( ( size and ) arrangement ) ) ( of ( ( the particles ) ( in ( the substance ) ) ) ) ) ) , ) and ) ( ( the motion ) ( of ( its particles ) ) ) ) ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (NNS Descartes)) (VP (VBZ describes) (NP (NP (NP (NNS substances)) (PP (IN as) (S (VP (VBG consisting) (ADVP (RB only)) (PP (IN of) (NP (CD three) (JJ elementary) (NNS elements))))))) (: :) (NP (NP (NN fire) (, ,) (NN air) (CC and) (NN earth)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHPP (IN from) (WHNP (WDT which))) (S (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS properties)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT any) (NN substance)))) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN characterized) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (PRP$ its) (NN composition)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT these) (NNS elements))))))))))) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN size) (CC and) (NN arrangement)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS particles)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN substance)))))) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN motion)) (PP (IN of) (NP (PRP$ its) (NNS particles)))))) (. .)))
Descartes describes substances as consisting only of three elementary elements: fire, air and earth, from which the properties of any substance can be characterized by its composition of these elements, the size and arrangement of the particles in the substance, and the motion of its particles.
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Air)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN separated) (PP (IN into) (NP (JJ several) (NNS elements)))))) (. .)))