( It ( ( has ( been ( well ( established ( that ( ( an ( ant colony ) ) ( ( uses ( chemical ( ( -LRB- ( pheromone -RRB- ) ) traces ) ) ) ( for ( communication ( between ( its members ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (PRP It)) (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN been) (VP (ADVP (RB well)) (VBN established) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (DT an) (NN ant) (NN colony)) (VP (VBZ uses) (NP (JJ chemical) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NN pheromone)) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (NNS traces)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (NN communication)) (PP (IN between) (NP (PRP$ its) (NNS members))))))))))) (. .)))
It has been well established that an ant colony uses chemical (pheromone) traces for communication between its members.
(ROOT (S (NP (NNS Pheromones)) (VP (VBP enable) (NP (NP (NN communication)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ vital) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (NNS organisms)) (PP (IN like) (NP (NP (NNS ants)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBP live) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT a) (JJ large) (NN community)))))))))))))))) (. .)))