( ( ( ( NOT ( active transport ) ) , ) ( since ( concentration gradient ) ) ) ( ( ( is not ) ( established ( -LRB- ( ( ( different ( chemical species ) ) formed ) -RRB- ) ) ) ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP NOT) (JJ active) (NN transport)) (, ,) (PP (IN since) (NP (NN concentration) (NN gradient)))) (VP (VBZ is) (RB not) (ADJP (VBN established) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (S (NP (JJ different) (NN chemical) (NNS species)) (VP (VBD formed))) (-RRB- -RRB-)))) (. .)))
NOT active transport, since concentration gradient is not established (different chemical species formed).
(ROOT (S (NP (JJ Primary) (JJ active) (NN transport)) (VP (VBZ involves) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN forcing)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN substance)))) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN cell)) (PP (IN against) (NP (PRP$ its) (NN concentration) (NN gradient)))))) (. .)))