( Resilience ( ( can ( be ( ( defined ( as ( ( the ability ) ( of ecosystems ) ) ) ) ( ( ( ( ( to ( resist ( ( stresses and ) shocks ) ) ) , ) ( to ( absorb disturbance ) ) ) and ) ( to ( recover ( from ( disruptive change ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Resilience)) (VP (MD can) (VP (VB be) (VP (VBN defined) (PP (IN as) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN ability)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NNS ecosystems))))) (S (VP (VP (TO to) (VP (VB resist) (NP (NNS stresses) (CC and) (NNS shocks)))) (, ,) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB absorb) (NP (NN disturbance)))) (CC and) (VP (TO to) (VP (VB recover) (PP (IN from) (NP (JJ disruptive) (NN change)))))))))) (. .)))
Resilience can be defined as the ability of ecosystems to resist stresses and shocks, to absorb disturbance and to recover from disruptive change.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (CD two) (NNS parameters)) (VP (VBN used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB measure) (NP (NNS changes)) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNS ecosystems)))))))) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NN resistance) (CC and) (NN resilience))) (. .)))