( ( In ( ( ( the fetus ) and ) newborn ) ) ( , ( ( this connection ) ( ( is patent ) . ) ) ) )
(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN fetus)) (CC and) (NP (JJ newborn)))) (, ,) (NP (DT this) (NN connection)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NN patent))) (. .)))
In the fetus and newborn, this connection is patent.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (NN connection)) (PP (TO to) (NP (DT the) (NN placenta)))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN required) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT a) (JJ newborn) (NN baby))) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB begin) (NP (NN breathing))))))) (. .)))