( ( ( emphysema ( and ( lung cancer ) ) ) ( caused ( by ( cigarette smoking ) ) ) ) ; )
(ROOT (NP (NP (NN emphysema) (CC and) (NN lung) (NN cancer)) (VP (VBN caused) (PP (IN by) (NP (NN cigarette) (NN smoking)))) (: ;)))
emphysema and lung cancer caused by cigarette smoking;
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Pneumonia) (CC and) (NN emphysema) (NNS illnesses)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN caused) (PP (IN by) (NP (NN damage))) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS alveoli)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNS lungs))))))) (. .)))