( ( In ( this orthography ) ) ( , ( ( ( upper and ) ( lower ( case letters ) ) ) ( ( ( ( are not ) interchangeable ) ( -LRB- ( ( ( uppercase letters ) ( mostly ( represent ( sounds ( different ( from ( those ( expected ( by ( English speakers ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) -RRB- ) ) ) . ) ) ) )
(ROOT (S (PP (IN In) (NP (DT this) (NN orthography))) (, ,) (NP (NP (JJ upper)) (CC and) (NP (JJR lower) (NN case) (NNS letters))) (VP (VP (VBP are) (RB not) (ADJP (JJ interchangeable))) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (S (NP (JJ uppercase) (NNS letters)) (ADVP (RB mostly)) (VP (VBP represent) (S (NP (NNS sounds)) (ADJP (JJ different) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (DT those)) (VP (VBN expected) (PP (IN by) (NP (JJ English) (NNS speakers)))))))))) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (. .)))
In this orthography, upper and lower case letters are not interchangeable (uppercase letters mostly represent sounds different from those expected by English speakers).
(ROOT (S (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB When)) (S (VP (VBD represented) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT a) (JJ single) (NN letter)))))) (, ,) (NP (JJ dominant) (NNS alleles)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN represented) (PP (IN by) (NP (JJ uppercase) (NNS letters))))) (. .)))