( Included ( ( are ( catastrophism ( , ( gradualism ( and ( punctuated equilibrium ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Included)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NN catastrophism) (, ,) (NN gradualism) (CC and) (NN punctuated) (NN equilibrium))) (. .)))
Included are catastrophism, gradualism and punctuated equilibrium.
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Darwin)) (VP (VBD believed) (PP (IN in) (NP (NN gradualism)))) (. .)))