( ( outer sapwood ) ( ( is permeable ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (JJ outer) (NN sapwood)) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (JJ permeable))) (. .)))
outer sapwood is permeable.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (JJS newest)) (, ,) (NP (NP (JJ outer) (NNS layers)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ secondary) (NN xylem))))) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN called) (S (ADJP (JJ sapwood))))) (. .)))