( this ( ( leads ( to ( significant ( ( overpotential ( for ( ( CO2 reduction ) ( on ( these semiconductor ) ) ) ) ) surfaces ) ) ) ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (DT this)) (VP (VBZ leads) (PP (TO to) (NP (JJ significant) (ADJP (JJ overpotential) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (CD CO2) (NN reduction)) (PP (IN on) (NP (DT these) (NN semiconductor)))))) (NNS surfaces)))) (. .)))
this leads to significant overpotential for CO2 reduction on these semiconductor surfaces.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN difference)) (PP (IN between) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ theoretical) (JJ half-reaction) (NN reduction) (NN potential)) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ actual) (NN voltage)) (VP (VBN required)))))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN called) (S (ADJP (JJ overpotential))))) (. .)))