( ( ( A process ) ( that ( requires ( cellular ( energy ( to ( move ( ( a substance ) ( against ( its ( concentration gradient ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ( ( is ( called ( ( ( ( ( a -RRB- ) ( active transport ) ) ( ( b -RRB- ) ( passive transport ) ) ) ( ( c -RRB- ) ( ( facilitated ( transport ( d -RRB- ) ) ) osmosis ) ) ) ( ( e -RRB- ) ( diffusion 23 ) ) ) ) ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT A) (NN process)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ requires) (NP (JJ cellular) (NN energy) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB move) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN substance)) (PP (IN against) (NP (PRP$ its) (NN concentration) (NN gradient)))))))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN called) (S (S (LST (LS a) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (NP (JJ active)) (VP (VBZ transport))) (S (LST (LS b) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (NP (NN passive)) (VP (VBZ transport))) (S (LST (LS c) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (NP (JJ facilitated) (NN transport) (NNS d) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (VP (VBZ osmosis))) (S (LST (LS e) (-RRB- -RRB-)) (NP (NN diffusion)) (VP (VBZ 23)))))) (. .)))
A process that requires cellular energy to move a substance against its concentration gradient is called a) active transport b) passive transport c) facilitated transport d) osmosis e) diffusion 23.
(ROOT (S (SBAR (IN Because) (S (S (NP (DT the) (NN solute)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBG moving) (PRT (RP down)) (NP (DT the) (NN concentration) (NN gradient))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (NP (NP (DT no) (NN input)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy)))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN required)))))) (, ,) (NP (JJ facilitated) (NN diffusion)) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN considered) (NP (NP (DT a) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NN n) (-RRB- -RRB-) (JJ passive) (NN type)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN transport)))))) (. .)))