( ( ( Secondary production ) ( by ( these ( primary consumers ) ) ) ) ( ( supports ( ( ( higher ( trophic levels ) ) , ) ( including ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( predatory insects ) , ) fishes ) , ) reptiles ) , ) amphibians ) , ) birds ) , ) and ) mammals ) ) ) ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (JJ Secondary) (NN production)) (PP (IN by) (NP (DT these) (JJ primary) (NNS consumers)))) (VP (VBZ supports) (NP (NP (JJR higher) (JJ trophic) (NNS levels)) (, ,) (PP (VBG including) (NP (NP (JJ predatory) (NNS insects)) (, ,) (NP (NNS fishes)) (, ,) (NP (NNS reptiles)) (, ,) (NP (NNS amphibians)) (, ,) (NP (NNS birds)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NNS mammals)))))) (. .)))
Secondary production by these primary consumers supports higher trophic levels, including predatory insects, fishes, reptiles, amphibians, birds, and mammals.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (JJ Secondary) (NNS consumers)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (VBP eat) (NP (JJ primary) (NNS consumers))))) (-RRB- -RRB-))) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN considered) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB be) (ADJP (JJ trophic) (NP (NN level) (CD 3)))))))) (. .)))