( ( Active transport ) ( - ( ( ( ( This type ) ( of transport ) ) ( goes ( ( against ( the ( concentration gradient ) ) ) ( and ( thus ( ( requires energy ) ( to ( carry out ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) )
(ROOT (FRAG (NP (JJ Active) (NN transport)) (: -) (S (NP (NP (DT This) (NN type)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN transport)))) (VP (VBZ goes) (UCP (PP (IN against) (NP (DT the) (NN concentration) (NN gradient))) (CC and) (RB thus) (SBAR (S (VP (VBZ requires) (NP (NN energy)) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB carry) (PRT (RP out))))))))))) (. .)))
Active transport- This type of transport goes against the concentration gradient and thus requires energy to carry out.
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Passive) (NN transport)) (VP (VP (VBZ requires) (NP (DT no) (NN energy))) (CC and) (VP (VBZ occurs) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (NNS substances)) (VP (VBP move) (PP (IN from) (NP (NP (NNS areas)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (JJR higher)) (PP (TO to) (NP (JJR lower) (NN concentration)))))))))))) (. .)))