( ( As ( ( ( observed ( through ( ( ( both ( embryological research ) ) and ) ( phylogenetic comparisons ) ) ) ) , ) ( in mammals ) ) ) ( , ( ( the ( primitive gill ) ) ( ( arches ( ( evolve ( into ( ( muscles and ) nerves ) ) ) ( controlling ( ( ( the face ) , ) ( bones ( of ( ( ( the mouth ) , ) ( jaw ( , ( pharynx ( , ( larynx ( , ( softplate ( , ( esophagus ( , ( and trachea ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )
(ROOT (S (SBAR (IN As) (S (VP (VBD observed) (PP (IN through) (NP (NP (DT both) (JJ embryological) (NN research)) (CC and) (NP (JJ phylogenetic) (NNS comparisons)))) (, ,) (PP (IN in) (NP (NNS mammals)))))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (JJ primitive) (NN gill)) (VP (VBZ arches) (VP (VB evolve) (PP (IN into) (NP (NNS muscles) (CC and) (NNS nerves))) (S (VP (VBG controlling) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN face)) (, ,) (NP (NP (NNS bones)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN mouth)) (, ,) (NP (NN jaw) (, ,) (NN pharynx) (, ,) (NN larynx) (, ,) (NN softplate) (, ,) (NN esophagus) (, ,) (CC and) (NN trachea)))))))))) (. .)))
As observed through both embryological research and phylogenetic comparisons, in mammals, the primitive gill arches evolve into muscles and nerves controlling the face, bones of the mouth, jaw, pharynx, larynx, softplate, esophagus, and trachea.
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Jaws) (CC and) (NN pharynx) (NNS muscles)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN used) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB pump) (NP (NN water)) (PP (IN over) (NP (DT the) (NNS gills)))))))) (. .)))