( ( Extracellular signals ) ( ( ( are greatly ) ( amplified ( by ( ( ( ( the use ) ( of ( second messengers ) ) ) and ) ( ( ( ( enzymatic cascades ) -LRB- ) ( ( ( Fig 15-41 ) , ) -42 ) ) -RRB- ) ) ) ) ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Extracellular) (NNS signals)) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB greatly)) (VP (VBN amplified) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NN use)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ second) (NNS messengers)))) (CC and) (NP (NP (JJ enzymatic) (NNS cascades)) (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NNP Fig) (CD 15-41) (, ,) (CD -42)) (-RRB- -RRB-)))))) (. .)))
Extracellular signals are greatly amplified by the use of second messengers and enzymatic cascades (Fig 15-41, -42).
(ROOT (S (NP (JJ Enzymatic) (NNS cascades)) (VP (VBP help) (VP (VB amplify) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS effects)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN extracellular) (NNS signals)))))) (. .)))