( ( ( ( ( Field ( - ( and lab-based ) ) ) application ) ( of ( seismic ( refraction ( and ( reflection techniques ) ) ) ) ) ) ( to ( image ( the ( shallow sub-surface ) ) ) ) ) . )
(ROOT (NP (NP (NP (ADJP (JJ Field) (: -) (CC and) (JJ lab-based)) (NN application)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ seismic) (NN refraction) (CC and) (NN reflection) (NNS techniques)))) (SBAR (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB image) (NP (DT the) (JJ shallow) (NN sub-surface)))))) (. .)))
Field- and lab-based application of seismic refraction and reflection techniques to image the shallow sub-surface.
(ROOT (S (NP (DT An) (NN image)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN copy)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN image)) (VP (VBN formed) (PP (IN by) (NP (NN reflection) (CC or) (NN refraction)))))))) (. .)))