( ( ( The formation ) ( of ( a ( new species ) ) ) ) ( ( is ( called speciation ) ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN formation)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (JJ new) (NN species)))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN called) (NP (NN speciation)))) (. .)))
The formation of a new species is called speciation.
(ROOT (S (NP (JJ Sympatric) (NN speciation)) (VP (VBZ is) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (DT a) (JJ new) (NN species)) (VP (VBZ arises) (PP (IN without) (NP (JJ geographic) (NN separation))))))) (. .)))