( ( Of course ) ( , ( ( ( ( ( ( the ( ion gradients ) ) ( ( ( are themselves ) ( the product ) ) ( of ( primary ( active ( , ( ATP-utilizing ( transport processes ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) , ) and ) ( hence ( there ( is ( ( an ( indirect link ) ) ( between ( ( ( cell metabolism ) and ) ( secondary ( active transport ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) )
(ROOT (S (PP (IN Of) (NP (NN course))) (, ,) (S (NP (DT the) (NN ion) (NNS gradients)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (PRP themselves)) (NP (DT the) (NN product)) (PP (IN of) (NP (JJ primary) (JJ active) (, ,) (JJ ATP-utilizing) (NN transport) (NNS processes))))) (, ,) (CC and) (S (ADVP (RB hence)) (NP (EX there)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (JJ indirect) (NN link)) (PP (IN between) (NP (NP (NN cell) (NN metabolism)) (CC and) (NP (JJ secondary) (JJ active) (NN transport))))))) (. .)))
Of course, the ion gradients are themselves the product of primary active, ATP-utilizing transport processes, and hence there is an indirect link between cell metabolism and secondary active transport.
(ROOT (S (NP (JJ Primary) (JJ active) (NN transport)) (VP (VBZ involves) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN forcing)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT a) (NN substance)))) (PP (IN into) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN cell)) (PP (IN against) (NP (PRP$ its) (NN concentration) (NN gradient)))))) (. .)))