( ( T ( he ( ( ( ( lung ( damage cause ) ) ( by emphysema ) ) , ) ( once ( fully developed ) ) ) ) ) ( ( is ( largely irreversible ) ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP T)) (SBAR (S (NP (PRP he)) (VP (VBD lung) (NP (NN damage) (NN cause)) (PP (IN by) (NP (NN emphysema))) (, ,) (SBAR (RB once) (S (ADJP (RB fully) (JJ developed)))))))) (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (RB largely) (JJ irreversible))) (. .)))
T he lung damage cause by emphysema, once fully developed is largely irreversible.
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Pneumonia) (CC and) (NN emphysema) (NNS illnesses)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN caused) (PP (IN by) (NP (NN damage))) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS alveoli)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NNS lungs))))))) (. .)))