( These ( ( have ( ( included studies ) ( on ( ( the requirements ) ( for ( ( ( flower ( initiation ( and ( flower development ) ) ) ) , ) ( ( the role ) ( of ( anti-gibberellins ( in ( ( reducing ( ( ( excessive ( vegetative production ) ) and ) ( ( the effect ) ( of ( leaf removal ) ) ) ) ) ( on ( ( the number ) ( of ( ( ( flower umbels ) and ) ( oil yield ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (DT These)) (VP (VBP have) (VP (VBN included) (NP (NNS studies)) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS requirements)) (PP (IN for) (NP (NP (NN flower) (NN initiation) (CC and) (NN flower) (NN development)) (, ,) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN role)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNS anti-gibberellins)) (PP (IN in) (S (VP (VBG reducing) (NP (NP (JJ excessive) (NN vegetative) (NN production)) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN effect)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN leaf) (NN removal))))) (PP (IN on) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN number)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NN flower) (NNS umbels)) (CC and) (NP (NN oil) (NN yield)))))))))))))))))) (. .)))
These have included studies on the requirements for flower initiation and flower development, the role of anti-gibberellins in reducing excessive vegetative production and the effect of leaf removal on the number of flower umbels and oil yield.
(ROOT (S (NP (JJ Young) (NNS roots) (CC and) (NNS leaves)) (VP (VBP are) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ major) (NNS sites)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN gibberellin) (NN production))))) (. .)))