( ( ( ( ( A cation ) ( is ( ( an atom ) ( that ( ( ( has ( lost ( an electron ) ) ) and ) ( has ( a ( positive charge ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ; ) ( ( an anion ) ( is ( ( an atom ) ( that ( ( ( has ( gained ( an electron ) ) ) and ) ( has ( a ( negative charge ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . )
(ROOT (S (S (NP (DT A) (NN cation)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN atom)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN lost) (NP (DT an) (NN electron)))) (CC and) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (DT a) (JJ positive) (NN charge))))))))) (: ;) (S (NP (DT an) (NN anion)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN atom)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VP (VBZ has) (VP (VBN gained) (NP (DT an) (NN electron)))) (CC and) (VP (VBZ has) (NP (DT a) (JJ negative) (NN charge))))))))) (. .)))
A cation is an atom that has lost an electron and has a positive charge; an anion is an atom that has gained an electron and has a negative charge.
(ROOT (S (NP (NNS Electrons)) (ADVP (RB always)) (VP (VBP result) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN anion)) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT that)) (S (VP (VBZ is) (ADJP (ADJP (JJR larger)) (PP (IN than) (NP (DT the) (NN parent) (NN atom)))))))))) (. .)))