( Microscopically ( , ( ( the ( thermal energy ) ) ( ( may ( include ( ( both ( the ( kinetic ( energy ( and ( potential energy ) ) ) ) ) ) ( of ( ( ( ( a ( system 's ) ) ( constituent particles ) ) , ) ( which ( may ( be ( ( ( ( ( ( ( atoms , ) molecules ) , ) electrons ) , ) or ) particles ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )
(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB Microscopically)) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (JJ thermal) (NN energy)) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB include) (NP (NP (PDT both) (DT the) (JJ kinetic) (NN energy) (CC and) (JJ potential) (NN energy)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NP (DT a) (NN system) (POS 's)) (JJ constituent) (NNS particles)) (, ,) (SBAR (WHNP (WDT which)) (S (VP (MD may) (VP (VB be) (NP (NP (NNS atoms)) (, ,) (NP (NNS molecules)) (, ,) (NP (NNS electrons)) (, ,) (CC or) (NP (NNS particles)))))))))))) (. .)))
Microscopically, the thermal energy may include both the kinetic energy and potential energy of a system's constituent particles, which may be atoms, molecules, electrons, or particles.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN sum)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ kinetic) (CC and) (JJ potential) (NNS energies)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (DT a) (NN system) (POS 's)) (NNS atoms) (CC and) (NNS molecules)))))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN called) (NP (JJ internal) (NN energy)))) (. .)))