( ( ( ( Active transport ) ( across ( ( the ( plasma membrane ) ) ( -LRB- ( ( ( Illinois Institute ) ( of ( ( ( Technology ( Smile Program ) ) , ) USA ) ) ) -RRB- ) ) ) ) ) ( Using ( ( ( yeast and ) neutral ) red ) ) ) ( , ( students ( ( show ( that ( ( living cells ) ( are ( required ( to ( ( move substances ) ( across ( ( the ( cell membrane ) ) ( against ( a ( concentration gradient ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) )
(ROOT (S (S (NP (NP (JJ Active) (NN transport)) (PP (IN across) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN plasma) (NN membrane)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (NP (NP (NNP Illinois) (NNP Institute)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NNP Technology) (NNP Smile) (NNP Program)) (, ,) (NP (NNP USA))))) (-RRB- -RRB-))))) (VP (VBG Using) (NP (ADJP (JJ yeast) (CC and) (JJ neutral)) (NN red)))) (, ,) (NP (NNS students)) (VP (VBP show) (SBAR (IN that) (S (NP (VBG living) (NNS cells)) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN required) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB move) (NP (NNS substances)) (PP (IN across) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN cell) (NN membrane)) (PP (IN against) (NP (DT a) (NN concentration) (NN gradient))))))))))))) (. .)))
Active transport across the plasma membrane (Illinois Institute of Technology Smile Program, USA) Using yeast and neutral red, students show that living cells are required to move substances across the cell membrane against a concentration gradient.
(ROOT (S (NP (NNP Passive) (NN transport)) (VP (VBZ occurs) (SBAR (WHADVP (WRB when)) (S (NP (NNS substances)) (VP (VBP cross) (NP (DT the) (NN plasma) (NN membrane)) (PP (IN without) (NP (NP (DT any) (NN input)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN energy))))) (PP (IN from) (NP (DT the) (NN cell))))))) (. .)))