( ( This voltage ) ( ( is ( ( the sum ) ( of ( ( ( ( the energy ) ( required ( to ( ( drive ( the ( water-splitting reaction ) ) ) ( ( ( 1.23 v ) ( + overpotential ) ) -RRB- ) ) ) ) ) and ) ( ( any ( resistive losses ) ) ( in ( the cell ) ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) )
(ROOT (S (NP (DT This) (NN voltage)) (VP (VBZ is) (NP (NP (DT the) (NN sum)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (NP (DT the) (NN energy)) (VP (VBN required) (S (VP (TO to) (VP (VB drive) (NP (DT the) (JJ water-splitting) (NN reaction)) (PRN (NP (NP (CD 1.23) (NN v)) (NP (JJ +) (NN overpotential))) (-RRB- -RRB-))))))) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT any) (JJ resistive) (NNS losses)) (PP (IN in) (NP (DT the) (NN cell)))))))) (. .)))
This voltage is the sum of the energy required to drive the water-splitting reaction 1.23v + overpotential) and any resistive losses in the cell.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (DT The) (NN difference)) (PP (IN between) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ theoretical) (JJ half-reaction) (NN reduction) (NN potential)) (CC and) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ actual) (NN voltage)) (VP (VBN required)))))) (VP (VBZ is) (VP (VBN called) (S (ADJP (JJ overpotential))))) (. .)))