( Hence ( , ( ( for ( a ( 16 ( Hybrid ( Amplifier cascade ) ) ) ) ) ( , ( ( with ( ( an ( input ( signal level ) ) ) ( of ( ( 70 dBU ) ( for ( each Amplifier ) ) ) ) ) ) ( , ( ( the ( output signal ) ) ( ( will ( ( have ( a carrier ) ) ( to ( ( noise ratio ) ( of ( 51 dB ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )
(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB Hence)) (, ,) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT a) (CD 16) (NNP Hybrid) (NNP Amplifier) (NN cascade))) (, ,) (PP (IN with) (NP (NP (DT an) (NN input) (NN signal) (NN level)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (CD 70) (NN dBU)) (PP (IN for) (NP (DT each) (NNP Amplifier))))))) (, ,) (NP (DT the) (NN output) (NN signal)) (VP (MD will) (VP (VB have) (NP (DT a) (NN carrier)) (PP (TO to) (NP (NP (NN noise) (NN ratio)) (PP (IN of) (NP (CD 51) (NN dB))))))) (. .)))
Hence, for a 16 Hybrid Amplifier cascade, with an input signal level of 70 dBU for each  Amplifier, the output signal will have a carrier to noise ratio of 51 dB.
(ROOT (S (NP (JJ Enzymatic) (NNS cascades)) (VP (VBP help) (VP (VB amplify) (NP (NP (DT the) (NNS effects)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NN extracellular) (NNS signals)))))) (. .)))