( thus ( ( these ( large forams ) ) ( ( ( ( lived ( in ( ( the ( photic zone ) ) ( of ( ( shallow ( marine ( carbonate environment ) ) ) ( -LRB- ( ( ( ( < 30 ) m ) deep ) -RRB- ) ) ) ) ) ) ) and ) ( ( are commonly ) ( ( ( associated ( with reefs ) ) and ) ( may ( form ( ( ( shoals , ) and ) dunes ) ) ) ) ) ) . ) ) )
(ROOT (S (ADVP (RB thus)) (NP (DT these) (JJ large) (NNS forams)) (VP (VP (VBD lived) (PP (IN in) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ photic) (NN zone)) (PP (IN of) (NP (NP (JJ shallow) (JJ marine) (NN carbonate) (NN environment)) (PRN (-LRB- -LRB-) (ADJP (NP (QP (CD <) (CD 30)) (NN m)) (JJ deep)) (-RRB- -RRB-))))))) (CC and) (VP (VBP are) (ADVP (RB commonly)) (VP (VP (VBN associated) (PP (IN with) (NP (NNS reefs)))) (CC and) (VP (MD may) (VP (VB form) (NP (NP (NNS shoals)) (, ,) (CC and) (NP (NNS dunes)))))))) (. .)))
thus these large forams lived in the photic zone of shallow marine carbonate environment (&lt; 30 m deep) and are commonly associated with reefs and may form shoals, and dunes.
(ROOT (S (NP (NP (NNP Ocean) (NNP ridges)) (VP (VBN formed) (PP (IN by) (NP (NP (JJ marine) (NNS invertebrates)) (VP (VBG living) (PP (IN in) (NP (JJ warm) (JJ shallow) (NNS waters))) (PP (IN within) (NP (NP (DT the) (JJ photic) (NN zone)) (PP (IN of) (NP (DT the) (NN ocean)))))))))) (VP (VBP are) (VP (VBN called) (NP (NN coral) (NNS reefs)))) (. .)))